DA
677
.C 44

VE
FRONTIS PIECE
ter
MapDelins
Grignion foup.
His Majesty KING GEORGE III Granting
hi Royal License for the Publication of this Work)

A NEW AND COMPLEAT
HISTORY and SURVEY
OF THE CITIES of
L O N DON
Α Ν D
WESTMINSTER,
Τ Η Ε
Borough of Southwark, and Parts adjacent ;
From the EARLIEST ACCOUNTS, to the Beginning of the YEAR 1770.
CONTAINING
1. An Account of the original Foundation, and modern State of thoſe Places.
II. Their Laws, Charters, Cuftoms, Privileges, Immunities, Government, Trade and Navigation.
III. A Deſcription of the ſeveral Wards, Pariſhes, Liberties, Precincts, Churches, Palaces, Noble-
men's Houſes, Hoſpitals, and other public Buildings.
IV. An Account of the Curioſities of the Tower of London, the Royal Exchange, St. Paul's
Cathedral, the Britiſh Muſeum, Weſtminſter-Abbey, & c.
V. A general Hiſtory of the memorable Actions of the Citizens, and the Revolutions that have
happened, from the Invaſion of Julius Cæſar to the preſent Time.
By a SOCIETY of GENTLEMEN;
Reviſed, Corrected, and Improved, by
HENRY CHAMBERLAIN of Hatton-Garden, Efq;
Hail chief of Cities, whoſe immortal Name
Stands foremoſt in the glorious Liſt of Fame ;
Whoſe Trade and Splendor roll on Thames's Tiden
Unrivalld ſtill by all the World beſide.
blue
en
NOS
DOMINE
DIRIGE
L 0 N D 0 N:
Printed for J. COOK E, at SHAKESPEAR'S HEAD, No. 17, PATER-Noster-Row.

cohoohoohoohoohoohoohanpookoodachakoogoojaRoohoohoohoohoohoohoohంఘం గం గంధంంఘoooooooooooooooooooooooohoohం
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
S A MUE L T U R N E R, Efq;
LO RD-MAYOR
s
w
Ο F
Τ Η Ε
CITY
OF
L O N D O N.
Dupa 09
O to v
MY LORD
La bas 2
TL 103
N the Name of the Authors, Compilers and Proprietors of this Vo-
lume, I have the Honor to inſcribe to your Lordſhip, a Work calcu-
lated to illuſtrate the Hiſtory, affert the Dignity, and extend the Fame of
that City, over which your Lordſhip ſo worthily preſides.
Where ſuperior Merit is Conſpicuous to all the World, it would be as
ſuperfluous as ridiculous to attempt a diſplay of it.
This City, in former Times, has boaſted many chief Magiſtrates, who
have been an Honor to the Stations they have held, and to human Nature;
and the Names of a BARNARD, a JANSSEN and a BECKFORD, will be honoured
by the Inhabitants of this City, for Ages yet to come.
I cannot be ſuſpected of Flattery, while I rank with theſe illuſtrious
Names, that of the preſent Lord Mayor of LONDON: and I muſt be al-
lowed to wiſh, for the Honor of this City, that future Magiſtrates may
copy ſuch excellent Examples. roh
Unwilling, however, to detain your Lordſhip a Moment longer from
the Diſcharge of the Duties incumbent on that High Office to which you
have been called by the united Suffrages of your Fellow-Citizens, I beg
leave to ſubſcribe myſelf, 10 10 10 10 bas atsioon
de dito sa 01
4-10-33
I dont know My Lord, as
Your Lordſhip’s moſt obedient,
moſt devoted Servant,
Hatton-Garden,
Jan, 16, 1769.
HENRY CHAMBERLAIN.
425988

sp
2
MONDROIT
ET
AND
ONS
G E O R G E R.
EORGE the THIRD, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith, &c. To all to whom theſe Preſents ſhall come, Greeting. Whereas
Our Truſty and Well-beloved John Cooke, of Our City of London, Bookfeller, hath, by his
Petition, humbly repreſented unto Us, that he hath, for a long Time paſt, been at great Labour
and Expence in collecting Books and ancient Manuſcripts, and in employing divers learned and in-
genious Men, to write and compile a valuable Work, entitled, " A new and COMPLEAT HISTORY
AND SURVEY OF OUR CITIES OF LONDON AND WESTMINSTER, THE BOROUGH OF
“ SOUTHWARK, and Parts adjacent; from the earlieſt Accounts to the Beginning of the Year
1770: Containing an Account of the original Foundation, ancient and modern Scate of thoſe
“ Places, their Laws, Charters, Cuſtoms, Privileges, Immunities, Government, Trade and Na
vigation. A Deſcription of the ſeveral Wards, Pariſhes, Liberties, Precincts, Churches, Palaces,
Noblemens Houſes, Hoſpitals, and other public Buildings. An Account of the Curiofities of
“ the Tower of London, the Royal Exchange, St. Paul's Cathedral, the Britiſh Muſeum, Weſtminſter
“ Abbey, &c. with a general Hiſtory of the memorable Actions of Our Citizens, and the Revo-
6 lutions that have happened, from the Invaſion of Julius Cæfar to the preſent Time:" Which
Work he moſt humbly apprehends will be of the utmoſt Uſe and Advantage to Our Subjects in
general, and to the Inhabitants of London, Weſtminſter and Southwark in particular, as it treats of
Matters in which they are peculiarly intereſted. And he humbly conceives that a Work in which
the Riſe, Progreſs, Increaſe and preſent State of the largeſt City in the Univerſe are faithfully de-
lineated; in which the many noble Actions of her Citizens are fairly recorded, and in which her
fuperior Riches and Dignity, her amazing Commerce, and the Weight and Influence of her Power
throughout every Part of the Globe are aſſerted and maintained, cannot fail of impreſſing the
Minds of Our faithful Subjects the Citizens of London, Weſtminſter, &c. with a true Senſe of
their own Importance, and of inſpiring the riſing Generation with a generous Ardor to imitate
!
of
Advantage from his great Toil, Labour and Expence, moſt humbly follicits our Royal Licence
and Protection to himſelf, his Heirs, Executors and Aſſigns, for the ſole Printing, Publiſhing and
Vending the ſaid Work for the Term of Fourteen Years, fo far as may be agreeable to the Statute
in that Cafe made and provided. We being willing to give all due Encouragement to this Under-
taking, are graciouſly pleaſed to condeſcend to his Requeſt; and We do therefore by theſe Preſents,
as far as may be agreeable to the Statute in that Caſe made and provided, grant unto him the ſaid
John Cooke, his Executors, Adminiſtrators and Aſſigns, Our Licence for the fole Printing and Pub-
lifhing of the faid Work for the Term of Fourteen Years, to be computed from the Date hereof;
ſtrictly forbidding all Our Subjects within Our Kingdoms, or Dominions, to reprint or abridge the
fame, either in the like, or in any Size or Manner whatſoever, or to import, buy, vend, utter or
diſtribute any Copies thereof reprinted beyond the Seas, during the aforeſaid Term of Fourteen
Years, without
the ſaid John Cooke, his Executors, Adminiſtrators
and Alligns, under their Hands and Seals firſt had and obtained, as they will anſwer the contrary at
their Peril; Whereof the Commiſſioners and other Officers of Our Cuftoms, the Maſter, Warden
and Company of Stationers, are to take Notice that due Obedience may be rendered to Our
Pleaſure herein declared.
Given at our Court at St. James's, the Nineteenth Day of December, 1768, in the Ninth Year
of Our Reign.
By his Majeſty's Command,
ROCHFORD.

MOTO20
U & besta
lo eslood sbon 300 to
od nas
rool that at the SHEILA
How is onder die ouer addio
pਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਨਮ bona forta his right fst fra fors of Quierohet
gt4in staat
TEL.cluoitrag
Wy
The Genius of London sitting on thebank of the Thames, naceiving the homage of Europe
Asia Africa and America , represented by their respective Emblems.
econdo al or bus
А
en bisa di When
logas
colorat to say it 613 VIB Watt
web al 18/1 no miro ei
PISO
DVD
i stali bas COM P L E A T
brow 31" ai ygoto mais 31
obtused bontogi T
un L. Anoul sol
pogs
ails
iz 500 tis gorgond
20 atroskota bestekk od poloaivis
down to enter
0 F
to our ons did 2510i oda
By no lo stesso de presse
hadi arena gannut do
a month ago
piedad bin dant active nagrantet loose,
I Cor 16
en rong 100 bh or more betts of bio
HISTORY AND SURVEY
L O N D 0 N,
botanicandi og sláncogê bao Vujo, mots
Stogogograd el vierne af Hadi se ist
Ở gia chung toi
WESTMINSTER, SOUTHWARK, &c.no
Dette esitamos ana og
I N T R O DUCT Í O N.
moto
T
HE great dignity, antiquity; riches Among theſe, our morè ancient HISTO-
and ſplendor of the cities of Lon RİES and SURVEYS are written in a ſtile ſo
don and Weſtminſter, and the totally unfit to afford entertainment to a mo-
Borough of Southwark; may well. || dern reader, that it would be well if he
demand the pen of the hiſtorian, to hand | could peruſe them without diſguſt.
down their fame to future ages.
We wiſh we could ſay that our later hiſ-
We accordingly find that ſeveral writers, | torians had paid a greater attention to the
at various periods of time, have given to the purity of their ſtile ; in which caſe there
public the beſt accounts they were able to would have beeni one reaſon the leſs for the
collect, of the ſtate and condition of thoſe | publication of this volume.
places.
B
But

6
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
I
of the Britiſh trade with the Phoenicians, Greeks, Lifeveral ages paft it has been called London, with-
But allowing that the modern books of policy, and public ſpirit of her inhabitants.
this kind had every advantage arifing from
the happieſt flow of language, and the moſt We ſhall therefore, without farther apo-
graceful turn of period, there would yet be|| logy, ſubmit this work to the opinion of the
ſufficient reaſon for the publication of this || public, at whoſe tribunal we are proud to be
Work, at this particular time when the judged, confcious of deſerving its ACQUIT
numerous improvements in all parts of the TAL, and not without hope of engaging its
Metropolis, give ample proofs of the wiſdom, || APPLAUSE.
CH A P T E R I.
Conjectures of ſeveral writers reſpecting the name of London: Account of its Situation,
Form, Extent, &c.
os
T may not be an unpleaſing taſk to give this derivation is liable to great exceptions, for it
the opinion of various writers reſpecting the is difficult to conceive how Lewis ſhould come
derivation and meaning of the name of || by an authentic account of the tranſactions of the
London.
|| year 130, when
his countryman Gildas, who wrote
With regard to its etymology, Geffrey of Mon near a thouſand years before him, acknowledges
mouth derives it from Caer-Lud, or Lud's town; that he took the materials of his hiſtory from fo-
Eraſmus from Lindum, a city of Rhodes; Vitus reign authors, the Britons, in his time, having
is of opinion that it is derived from Lugdus, a no records of their tranſactions.
Celtick prince; while Selden imagines that he traces Tacitus calls this city by the name of Londi-
its etymology in the words Llan-Dyn, the Temple | nium ; which afterwards yielding to the more ho-
of Diana.*
nourable denomination of Auguſta, ſome of our
The learned Somner derives the name of Lon hiſtorians are for deriving this name from that of
don from Llawn, full, and Dyn, a Man, that is Helena Auguſta, mother to Conſtantine the Great ;
a populous place : but Camden is of opinion that while others, with greater appearance of reaſon,
this city owes its name to the Britiſh words, | affirn, that the appellation of Auguſta was con-
i
Llbwn, a wood, and Dinas, a town; and if this ferred on the city by the Romans, on aceount of
etymology be admitted, the term London will its being the principal place in their Britiſh domi-
ſignify a town in a wood; which correſponds with nions.
the manner in which the Britons formed their lolt is not eaſy to determine whether this city
towns, by building them in the midſt of woods, was known by the name of Auguſta, during the
and fencing them with the trunks and branches WHOLE time that the Romans remained in Britain;
of trees.
but it appears moſt probable it was not, becauſe
But left this derivation ſhould not prove fatis ſoon after the Saxons arrived in this kingdom,
factory, the fame learned writer offers another we find it mentioned by the name of London-By-
from the Britiſh word Llhong, a Ship, and Dinas, rig, which was after changed into Lunden-Çeafter,
a town or city ; and agreeable to this, the term Lunden-Wyt, Lundenne, Lunden Berh, or Lunden
London will ſignify a city or harbour for ſhips : Burg : and by various records it appears, that
and indeed many learned authors have ſuppoſed ſince the conqueſt it has been denominated Lon-
that London was the ancient emporium or mart donia, Lundonia, Londine, and Londres; but for
and Gauls, before the time of Julius Cæſar. out any variation.
Lewis, a Welſh hiſtorian, informs us that about This great and magnificent city, is ſituated in
the year 130, the Britons called this city Lundain, fifty-one degrees, thirty-two minutes North lati-
or Llandain, that is, the Thames-Bank-town : but tude, in the county of Middlefex, on a fine foil,
(6
*This opinion of Selden is founded on the pretended diſ graves with chalk ſtones; tho ſome, more eminent, were
covery of a great number of boar's tuſks, horns of oxen " intombed in coffins of whole ſtones.
and ſtags- (whefe bodies were proper facrifices to Diana) ? Below theſe were Britiſh graves, where were
found ivory
which were ſaid to be found in the neighbourhood of St. “ and wooden pins, of a hard wood, ſeemingly box, in
Paul's Cathedral, on which ſpot it is imagined that the Tem « abundance, of about ſix inches long; it ſeems the bodies
ple of Diana originally ſtood. But Sir Chriſtopher Wren " were only wrapped up, and pinned in woollen fhrouds,
(whoſe authority muſt be allowed to have great weight) aſ " which being conſumed, the pins remained entire.
fures us, that in digging to lay the foundation of St. Paul's, " In the ſame row, and deeper, were Roman urns inter-
he met with no indications to ſupport ſuch a tradition. 110. « mixed ;- this was eighteen feet deep, or more, and be
He adds, " that the north fide of this ground had been longed to the colony when Romans and Britons lived and
very anciently a great burying place was inanifeft; for upon
6 died together.”
digging the foundation of the preſent fabrick of St. Pauls, But for further particulars on this ſubject, we refer to our
“ he found under the graves of the latter ages, in a row be account of St. Paul's Cathedral, which will occur in its pro-
" low them, the burial places of the Saxon times : The per place in this work. smij do oboing zones 18
“ Saxons, as it appeared, were accuſtomed to line their
of sluzorstvo vodi etnogoc hod od oil
on
Fanolov aids to mois ailduq | Shaili to nolibros bus samt to della
u od élel och role
zasla
Camulos
99

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
7
on the Northern bank of the River Thames, at ther more (by the way of the ſeveral new made
a place where it forms a creſcent or half moon, ſo roads) than twenty three miles.
that each part of the city may enjoy the benefit The circumference of the walls* of London
of that noble river, without lying at an inconve-
is as follows: from the Thames the wall runs
nient diſtance from any other.
northward on the eaſt ſide of Fleet-ditch 270
The cities of London and Weſtminſter com yards, to within 30 yards of the ſouth-weſt angle
municate with the Borough of Southwark, and of Ludgate-ſtreet: thence it runs near 140 yards
the counties of Surry, Kent, &c. by means of || eaſt, till it reaches within 20 yards of Ludgate :
three grand ſtone bridges, of which proper def thence the wall continues northward, (a little
criptions will be given in the courſe of this | to the eaſt of the Old Bailey) 330 yards, to 40
work.
yards to the north of Newgate ; then eaſtward
London is ſituated at about ſixty miles diſtance 390 yards, to 55 yards eaſtward of Alderſgate ;
from the ſea, and is therefore in no danger of from whence it runs northward 240 yards, to
being ſurprized by the fleets of foreign enemies; within 30 yards of the ſouth-weſt angle of the
yet, by the help of the tide, which flows every church of St. Giles, Cripplegate; from thence to
twelve hours, ſhips of very great burden are Cripplegate, and ſo continuing eaſtwardly 1000
brought into its very boſom.
yards to Biſhopſgate, and thence fouth-eaſtwardly
The riſing grounds about Iſlington, and the 480 yards to Aldgate; from whence it runs ſtill
hills of Hampſtead and Highgate, are finely placed || ſouth-eaſtwardly, 465 yards, to within 20 yards
by nature to defend the metropolis from the of the middle of the north part of Tower-ditch:
bleak winds of the north, while it lies delightfully in the whole 3315 yards ; to which adding the
open to the more genial breezes of the weſt. diſtance from the Tower co Fleet ditch, which is
A certain writer has compared the figure or 2170 yards, the whole circumference of the city
ſhape of London, Weſtminſter and Southwark, within the walls appears to be 5485 yards, or
to that of a whale; which deſcription we ſhall in three miles, and 205 yards. S
ſert as a mere matter of curioſity.
The whole ground within the walls of the city
" It much reſembles (ſays our author) the ſhape of London, amounts to 373 acres, and four fifths
rs of a great whale ; Weſtminſter being the un-
of an acre.
5 der jaw ; St. James's Park the mouth; Pall Without the walls, 'but within the liberty or
“ mall, &c. northward the upper jaw ; Cock and freedom, there are 263 acres, and four fifths of
" Pye fields, or the meeting of the ſeven ſtreets, an acre; and all the parts built on without the
" the eye, the reſt of the city and Southwark, freedom, exceeds 2500 acres ; to which if we
es to Eaſt-Smithfield, the body; and thence eaſt add Weſtminſter and Southwark, the whole will
26 ward to Limehouſe, the tail; and ’tis probably be found conſiderably more than 3000 acres ; an
" in as great a proportion the largeſt of towns, aſtoniſhing track of ground to be covered with
as that is of fiſhes.
buildings cloſely compacted together, and iniha:
The whole extent of London, from eaſt to bited, as they are in many thouſand inſtances, by
weſt, that is, from Limehouſe to the end of two, three, or more families in one houſe! $
Tothill-Street, Weſtminſter, is nearly ſeven miles In giving this early account of the preſent ex:
and a half; but its breadth, from north to ſouth, tent of this city and its environs, we have devi.
is but about two miles and a half, even where it ated from the practice of every former writer on
is broadeſt, that is from the extremity of Shore this ſubject ; but this we have purpoſely done, in
ditch, to the fartheſt end of Blackman-Street in order to enable the reader to form a juft idea of
the Borough.
the immenſe increaſe of this capital of the uni-
It has been calculated that London, upon a verſe, which, in the remoter ages of antiquity,
medium, is ſeven miles long, and one mile and was nothing but a few niean and ſtraggling huts
a quarter in breadth; which make an area of near erected in the midſt of a wood; but is at preſent;
nine ſquare miles.
by the co-operation of many concurring circum-
The circumference of the contiguous buildings ſtances, the ſoul and center of COMMERCE, the
of London, Weſtminſter and Southwark, as one feat of Empire, the happy ſpot, facred to Civil
city, including the great additions lately made in and RELIGIOUS LIBERTY.
and about the pariſh of St. Mary Le Bone, is ra.
9?
* The alterations which have taken place in this city with-
in a very few years paſt, have made ſome breaches in various
parts of the wall, and other parts are obſcured from fight
by the interpoſition of houſes; but there are fill remains
fufficient to affift the reſearches of the curious.
$ The late improvements made in the city of London,
have occaſioned the taking away of all the gates except New-
gate, (for Temple Bar is not a City Gate) which will be
alſo removed when the plan for building a more commodious
priſon for felons ſhall be carried into execution : But we
have uſed the terms, Ludgate, Alderſgate, &c. as the late
ſituation of thoſe buildings is within the memory of almoſt
I'A modern author, ſpeaking of London, ſays, “ This
ot Ancient City has ingulphed one City, one Borough, and
" forty. two villages, viz. the city of Weſtminſter, the bo-
rough of Southwark, and the villages of Mora, Finſbury,
“ Wenlaxbarn, Clerkenwell, Iſlington, Hoxton, Shoreditch,
“ Norton-falgate, the Spital, Whitechapel, Mile-End New-
town, Mile-End Old-town, Stepney, Poplar, Limehouſe,
“ Ratcliff, Shadwell, Wapping, Eaft-Smithfield, the Her-
« mitage, St. Catharine’s, the Minories, St. Clement's
Danes, the Strand, Charing-croſs, St. James's, Knightſ-
bridge, Soho, St. Giles's in the fields; Bloomſbury, Port-
“ pool, Saffron-hill, Holborn, Vauxhall, Lambeth, Lain-
" bech-Marſh, Kennington, Newington-Butts, Bermondſey,
" the Grange, Horſleydown and Rotherhithe :"—to which
number we may now fairly add Paddingtor, and Marybone;
nor is it at all unlikely, if the modern rage of building con-
tinues, that London will become one immenſe line of houſes
from Epping Foreſt to Hounſlow Heath; fince, even at pre-
ſent, little more is neceffary to make it ſo, than ſome houſes
of communication between Hounſlow and Brentford, and
the ſame between Stratford and the edge of the Foreit.
CH A P.
every reader.
66

8
HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
CHAPTER II.
T T
3.
Account of the foundation of the city of London by the Romans, and of various circumſtances
relative thereto, till the year of Chriſt 368. A full and curious account of the wall of Lon-
don, of the Liberties of the city without the wall, and of the ſeveral Gates.
HE antiquity of the city of London is it is at preſent; but even then, or as ſoon after
ſo great, that it is impoſſible to give that period as the year 64, (according to Tacitus)
any certain account of its origin. it was famous for the number of its merchants and
It
the of .
the time of the ancient Britons, before the art of about this period, g Suetonius Paulinus, the
writing was known in England, and when any Roman general, being employed in the conqueſt
degree of knowledge reſpecting ancient facts, of the Iſe of Angleſea, in North Wales, receiving
could only be gathered from the ſongs of the intelligence of the revolt of the Britons, (who
bards, and were preſerved only by memory. had focked in great numbers from all parts, to
We ſhall therefore reject the fabulous tales of | join Boadicea, queen of the Iceni,) he march-
Geffrey of Monmouth, who pretends that this ed to the aſſiſtance of the veterans and colonies,
city was founded by Brutus, nephew of Æneas, and arrived in London.
and called Trinovantum, or New Troy'; and Suetonius finding that this city was too large
that, in proceſs of time, it was ſurrounded with to be defended by his army, abandoned it to the
walls by king Lud, who gave it the name of rage of Boadicea, who, without diſtinction of age
Caer-Lud, or Lud's Town.
or ſex, put all the inhabitants to the ſword, and
We ſhall likewiſe reject the opinions of Dr. then burnt the city.t
Gale and Mr. Salmon, who have conjectured that This being done, fhe marched in ſearch of
London was anciently a Roman ſtation erected in Suetonius, whom ſhe overtook and defeated,
St. George's Fields and Lambeth Marſh, to ſe killing about 70,000 Romans and their allies
cure their conqueſts on that ſide of the river ; be one half of which, conſidering the extenſive com-
cauſe thoſe fields were then, and for ſeveral ages merce of London at that time, we may reaſon-
afterwards, laid under water by the flowing of|ably conclude were inhabitants of that city.
the tides, before the embanking of the river It was not long, however, before London re-
Thames.
covered from this dreadful cataſtrophe, and, in
Setting aſide, therefore, vague conjectures and the ſpace of a few years, increaſed ſo much in its
idle ſurmiſes, we have nothing like what may be trade, its buildings, and the number of its inha-
called a hiſtory of London, during the times pre bitants, that Herodian, in his life of the empe-
ceding the invaſion of this kingdon by Julius ror Severus, calls it a great and wealthy city
Cæſar, ſoon after which the conquerors began to and about this time it obtained the name of
build towns, of which we may conclude that Auguſta, and was made a prefecture by the Ro-
London was one of the firft that was erected. mans, who fent annually a Prefect from Rome,
As the vaſt quantity of water that overflowed whoſe buſineſs it was to impoſe taxes, and other-
the Thames may be reaſonably ſuppoſed to have wife act in a public judicial capacity.
greatly reduced the depth of that river, it is not It is very uncertain at what period of time the
unreaſonable to ſuppoſe but that the Romans wall of London was firſt erected, ſome writers
might have a ford fomewhere near the preſent aſcribing the honour of this work to Conſtantine
ſituation of London, and that they might build the great, and others to his mother Helena ; buc
that town to ſecure and command the ford.* a late hiſtorianţ urges ſeveral arguments to prove
This was probably done by Oftorius Scapula, that it was built by Valentinian the firſt, about
who, about the 49th year of the Chriſtian Æra, the year 368 ; for at that time Britain was reduc-
is ſaid to have ſettled ſeveral colonies for the fe ed to a very great degree of miſery, by the joint
curity of the Roman allies, who, till this pe attacks of the Scots, Picts, Attacots, Franks and
riod, had been too much expoſed to the invaſions Saxons, who defeated the Romans in ſeveral en-
of the Britons.
gagements, until the arrival of Theodoſius the
But we are not to imagine that this city, in its elder, who landing in Britain, divided his army
early ſtate, bore any great reſemblance to what into ſeveral bodies, and marching towards Lon-
* Mr. Maitland, in his hiftory of London, ſays, he dif.
covered that the greateſt marſhes on the ſouth ſide of the
river Thames, reached from Wandſworth in the weſt to Wool-
wich in the eaſt. "" Then (ſays he) founding the ſaid river,
at ſeveral neap tides, from the firſt of theſe places to
“ London-bridge, I diſcovered a ford, about ninety feet
" weſt of the ſouth-weſt angle of Chelſea College garden ;
“ whoſe channel, in a right line from north-eaſt to fouth-
“ weit, was no more than four feet and ſeven inches deep;
“ where the day before, it blowing hard from the weſt, my
“ waterman aſſured me, that the water then, was above a
66 foot lower; and it is probable, that at ſuch tides, before
“ the courſe of the river was obſtructed either by banks or
bridge, it muſt have been conſiderably ſhallower.”
§ A. D. 64.
☆ It is to be obſerved that, at this time, the Londoners
were chiefly Romans, and other foreigners, fettled in this
new mercantile town in
| Maitland,
don,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
9
66
don, attacked and routed ſeveral parties of the
enemy, and entered the city in triumph.
It cannot be abſolutely aſcertained whether the
wall of London originally extended along the ſide
of the river, though it is certain it did ſo in the
times of the Saxons: nor need we doubt the ex-
iſtence of this wall, becauſe we cannot, at this
diſtant period of time, trace its ruins; ſince the
tide, the weather, and other concurring circum-
ſtances, might have deſtroyed many ſuch walls,
in the courſe of ſo many ages.
We are told by an ancient-writer* that there
was a tower palatine on the eaſt of the city, and two
caſtles on the weſt; the former of which (he ſays)
was the ſquare white tower of London, built at
the ſouth-eaſt angle of the city wall; and the lat-
ter were the caſtles of Baynard and Mountfitchet,
which laſt was ſituated in Black-friars, on the ſpot
of ground which is now covered by the king's
printing-houſe, and the contiguous buildings.
The city wall was originally ſtrengthened with
many lofty towers, thoſe on the land fide being
fifteen in number.
In the year 1707, Dr. Woodward, the learned
antiquary, had an opportunity of obſerving the
fabrick and compoſition of this wall, by the pull-
ing down of a part of it, near Biſhopſgate, to
make
way for new buildings. This gentleman's
account is curious, and well deſerves to be tran-
ſcribed : " From the foundation (ſays he) which
lay eight feet below the preſent ſurface, quite
up to the top of the oldeſt part, which was in
“ all near ten feet, it was compiled alternately of
“ layers of broad flat bricks, and rag ſtones.
« The bricks lay in double ranges, and each
« brick being but one inch and three tenths in
" thickneſs, the whole layer, with the mortar,
" exceeded not three inches. The layers of ſtone
66 were not two feet thick of our meaſure. It is
« probable they were intended for two of the
" Roman, their rule being ſomewhat ſhorter than
66
" the other part underneath it, which was le-
« velled and brought to a plane for the raiſing
66 of this new work upon it.
The outſide, or
es that towards the ſuburbs, was faced with a
66 coarſe ſort of ſtone, not compiled with any
great care or ſkill, nor diſpoſed into a regu-
66 lar method ; but on the inſide there appeared
(6 more marks of workmanſhip and art.
At the bottom were five layers compoſed of
6 flint and free ſtone ; though they were not ſo
“ in all parts, yet in ſome the ſquares were near
equal, about five inches diameter, and ranged
“ in a quincunx order.
" Over theſe were a layer of brick, then of
“ hewn free-ſtone, and ſo alternately brick and
“ ſtone to the top. Theſe bricks, of which
" there were four courſes, were of the ſhape of
"s thoſe now in uſe, but much larger, being near
- eleven inches in breadth, and ſomewhat above
two and a half in thickneſs.
56 There was not one of the Roman bricks
cc above mentioned in all this part, nor was the
" mortar here near ſo hard as in that below;
" but from the deſcription may be eaſily collect-
" ed, that this part when firſt made, with ſo va-
" rious and orderly a diſpoſition of the materials,
flint, ſtone and brick, could not but carry a
very handſome aſpect.
66 Whether this was done at the expence of
" the barons in the reign of king John; or of
66 the citizens in the reign of king Henry III. or
“ of king Richard II. or at what other time, I
“ cannot take upon me to aſcertain, from ac-
counts fo defective and obſcure as are thoſe
" which at this day remain of this affair.
Upon the additional work now deſcribed,
was raiſed a wall wholly of brick, only that it
terminating in battlements, theſe were topped
C with copings of ſtone. It was two feet four
" inches in thickneſs, and ſomewhat above eight
“ feet in height. The bricks of theſe were of
66 the ſame module and ſize with thoſe of the
part underneath. How long they have been
" in uſe is uncertain."
There is ſtill remaining a tower of the ſame
conſtruction, twenty-ſix feet high, ficuated almoit
oppoſite the end of Gravel-Lane, on the weſt
ſide of Houndſditch; but it is much decayed.
Within the wall of this tower there is a door, in
Shoemaker row, fronting the paſſage into Duke's
place. t
Mr. Maitland ſays, that in ſearching for this
tower, about eighty paces ſouth-eaſt, towards
Aldgate, he diſcovered another of the ſame con-
ſtruction, twenty-one feet high, perfectly ſound,
and much more beautiful than the former; the
bricks being as found as if but newly laid, while
the ſtones in moſt parts have fallen a ſacrifice to
66
66
66
66 ours.
“ To this height the workmanſhip was after
" the Roman manner, and theſe were the re-
« mains of the ancient wall.
In this it was very
s obſervable, that the mortar was ſo very firm
" and hard, that the ſtone itſelf as eaſily broke.
• It was thus far, from the foundation upwards,
" nine feet in thickneſs. The above broad thin
u bricks were all of Roman make, and of the very
« fort we learn from Pliny, that were in com-
mon uſe among the Romans. Meaſuring ſome
cs of theſe (ſays our author) I found them ſeven-
66 teen inches and fix tenths in breadth.
66 The old wall, on its being repaired, was
«carried up of the ſame thickneſs to eight or
“ nine feet in height; or if higher, there was no
more of that work now ſtanding. All this was
apparently additional, and of a make later than
time. I
* Fitzſtephens.
+ The authors of this work having made a very care-
ful ſurvey, find that this tower is ſtill ſtanding, though
pretty much decayed. A dreadful fire breaking out in
Hounſditch, on the the evening of Chriſtmas-day 1767,
this tower reſiſted and ſtopped the progreſs of the flames on
that ſide. It is at preſent inhabited by Mr. Solomon Jacobs,
a Poulterer, the door of whoſe ſhop is the very door referred
to by Maitland.
| This tower is ſituated at the top of Rofe and Crown
Court, in Hounſditch, and may be conveniently ſeen by the
curious, in the Walhouſe belonging to Mr. Hyam Philips,
to whom the authors of this work thus make their acknow-
ledgements, for his obliging readineſs in permitting them
to gratify their curioſity. This tower is ſtill in fine prefer-
vation; the bricks in particular being, probably, as ſtrong
as when firſt made ; and if not deſtroyed, it has all the ap-
pearance of ſtrength ſufficient to laſt a thouſand years longer.
с
The

HISTORF and SURVEY of LONDON
The ſame writer informs us, that on the ſouth From Norton-falgate it runs ſouthward, by
of Aldgate, at the lower end of a ſtreet denomi Spital-fields, and then fouth-eaſt by Wentworth-
nated the vineyard, is the baſis of another Ro ſtreet, to the bars in Whitechapel.
man tower, about eight feet high, which ſup From Whitechapel-bars it winds ſoutherly, by
ports a new building of three ſtories in heighe: the Little Minories and Goodman's-Fields; from
in the wall of which is fixed a large ſtone, with whence it returns weſtward to the poſts and chain
the following infcription.
in the Minories; and thence, inclining more to
the weſt, till it comes co London-wall, where it
" Glory be to God on high; who was gra abutis upon the tower liberty, and there it ends.
te ciouſly pleaſed in a wonderful manner to Notwithſtanding the great length of this line,
e preſerve the lifes of all the people in this yet the ground that is encloſed between it and the
« houſe, twelve in number, when the ould wall, is but narrow; fo that the quantity of
« wall of this bulwork fell down three ſtories | ground thus encloſed is by no means fo great as
high, and ſo broad, as two carts might en it appears to be.
ter a-breaſt, and yet without any harm to The whole length of the LINE OF SEPARATION
« anie of their perſones. The Lord ſanctify || is 21,370 feet, and yet the ground comprehended
“ this his great providence unto them. Amen between the line of the city wall, and this line of
< and Amen.
ſeparation, is only about three hundred acres.
" It was Tueſday, the 23d. of Sep Having given a deſcription of the extent of
“tember, 1651. S
the city of London, both within and without the
wall, it may now be proper to deſcribe the ſeve-
The ancient citizens of London thought the ral gates thereof, which have been erected at va-
walls of ſo much conſequence to the city, that, rious periods of time, for the ſecurity and em-
in order to preſerve them from all incumbrances, belliſhment of the city: and as it is probable
they made an act that no houſe ſhould be built that the time is advancing when not even one of
nearer to them than ſixteen feet.
theſe will be permitted to remain, we have given
Excluſive of the city of London within the an accurate view of them all, elegantly engraved
wall, - there is a large ſpace of ground without on copper, that pofterity may fee with what kind
the wall, yet within the liberty or freedom of the of buildings our anceſtors defended their metro-
city ; and this is encompaſſed by an irregular || polis.
line, * by which the city is ſeparated from the In ancient times, the gates of this city were
county of Middleſex.
only four in number: that is ALDGATE on the
This line begins at Temple-bar, where it abutts eaſt, ALDERSGATE, on the north, LUDGATE ON
weftward, upon the liberty of the dutchy of Lan the weſt, and the BRIDGE GATE over the river
caſter, which is without Temple-bar. It extends Thames on the ſouth : but in proceſs of time fe-
itſelf, by many turnings and windings, through veral other gates and pofterns were erected, for
part of Shire-lane, Bell-yard, Chancery-lane, by the convenience of bringing goods and proviſions
the liberty of the Rolls, &c. into Holborn, al into the city, and the accommodation of the ci-
moſt oppoſite Grays-Inn-lane, where there is a tizens in paffing to their fields and gardens.
bar, † that is, two poſts with rails, and a chain In this deſcription of the gates, we ſhall begin
to fix acroſs on any emergency.
at the ſouth-eaſt angle of the ancient city wall,
From Holborn-Bars, the line continues, with where the old Tower of London, commonly called
various windings, by Brook-ftreet, Furnivals-Inn, the White Tower is ſituated.
Leather lane, Hatton-garden, Ely-houſe, Field-
lane, and Chick-lane, to the common fewer,
The POSTERN-GATE.
where it returns weſtward to Cow-croſs, and ſo to
Smithfield-bars.
From thence it runs, by ſeveral windings, be. This gate was ſituated at the eaſt end of Por
tween Long-lane and Charter-houſe-lane, to Gof tern-row on Tower-hill; and, by a part of it
well-ſtreet, and up that ſtreet northward to the which was remaining when Stow wrote his ſurvey
bars.
of London, appeared to have been a ſtrong,
From the bars in Goſwell-ſtreet, (where the handſome, arched gate; and was erected ſoon
manor of Finſbury begins) it extendeth itſelf, by after the conqueſt, partly with Kentiſh ſtones,
windings, acroſs Golden-lane, at the poſts and and partly with ſtones brought from Caen in Nor-
chain there erected, to the poſts and chain in mandy.
White-croſs-ſtreet, and from thence to the poſts The deſtruction of this gate commenced in the
and chain in Grub ſtreet.
year 1190, when William Longchamp, biſhop
From Grub-ſtreet it is continued through Rope- || of Ely, and chancellor of England, (the favourite
maker's-alley, to the poſts and chain in the high of Richard I.) cauſed a part of the city wall to
road from Moorgate, and thence by the north be broken down, to enlarge the Tower of Lon-
fide of Moorfields, abutting upon the manor of || don, which he then encompaſſed with a wide
Finſbury, where it turns northward up to Norton ditch, and an embattled wall, which is the outer
falgate, and there meets the bars in Biſhopſgate- || wall of the tower at this time. .
ftreet, whence it runs eaſtward into Spital-fields, The Poftern-gate, being thus deprived of the
all abutting upon Norton Falgate.
ſupport of the city wall on one ſide, fell down in
† Called Holborn Bars,
* Called the Line of Separation,
| This inſcription is ſtill perfectly legible.
the

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London
Ludgate
Moorgate
New
gate
Cripplegate
10
id
DI
Aldersgate
Aldgate
Bifhopgate
Bridge Gate
O
wkm
NARUINE
WEBINERRUBRE
e
View of the City Gates as they Apparred before they were Pulled Down).

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
the year 1440, and was never rebuilt ; but in the
as the
year 1734. There were likewiſe apart-
place of it was erected a mean building of tim ments over the gate, which were appropriated to
ber, lath and loam; which is likewiſe decayed, the uſe of one of the Lord-Mayor's carvers ; but
and all remains of it totally removed.
had, of late years, been uſed as a Charity-ſchool.
In the place where this gate ſtood, there are
now ſeveral poſts fet up, to prevent the paſſage BISHOPSGATE.
of carts and coaches, room being left between
the poſts for foot paſſengers.
Adjoining hereto is a deſcent by ſeveral ſteps This gate, which was ſituated 14.40 feet north-
to an excellent ſpring of water, called the Poftern weſt from the former, a modern writer * conjec-
fpring; near to which is an iron bowl faſtened by tures to have been erected by Erkenwald, biſhop
a chain, for the uſe of any perſon who chuſes to of London about the year 675; which he has
drink the water, which is greatly eſteemed. no other authority for than the effigies of two bi-
ſhops with which this gate was formerly adorned,
A L D G A T E.
and from which it might poſſibly take its name :
but it is very improbable that it was erected fo
early, ſince Stow himſelf could find no mention
This was one of the four original gates of the made of it earlier than the year 1210, when Wil.
city, and that through which the Roman vicinal liam Blund, one of the ſheriffs of London, fold
way led to the Traje&tus or ferry at Old-ford.
to Serle Mercer and William Almaine, procura-
Stow ſays that its name was derived from its anti tors, or wardens of London-Bridge, his land and
quity ; but this Mr. MAITLAND obſerves is very gardens without Biſhopſgate.
improbable, though he acknowledges that the In the reign of king Henry III, the Anſeatick
Saxons might give it the epithet of Eald or Ald, company of merchants reſiding in this city, in
from the ruinous condition in which they found conſideration of ſeveral privileges granted to
it when they firſt poſſeſſed themſelves of the city. || them, obliged themſelves and their ſucceſſors not
The earlieſt mention we can find of it, is in a only to keep this gate in repair, but to defend it
charter granted by king Edgar, about the year
whenever it ſhould be attacked by an enemy.
967.
But the ſaid company not fulfilling their con:
This gate being in a very ruinous condition, || tract, they were preſented to the judges itenerant,
was pulled down in the year 1606, and the firſt fitting at the tower of London, for their neglect
ſtone of the late building was laid in the follow in not keeping the ſaid gate in repair, altho' they
ing year ; but it was not compleated till 1609. were made free of the city on that conſidera-
It is worthy of remark, that in digging the
tion.
foundation, ſeveral Roman coins were diſcovered, Upon this preſentment, Gerard Marbod, al-
reſemblances of two of which Mr. Bond, one of derman of the Haunſe, and the directors of the
the ſurveyors of the work, cauſed to be cut in ſaid company, agreed to pay to the mayor and ci-
ſtone, and placed one on each ſide of the eaſt tizens the ſum of two hundred and ten marks,
front, where they remained till the late demoli for the immediate reparation of the gate, and en-
tion of the gates.
tered into a new covenant, by which they bound
In a large ſquare on the ſame ſide of the gate, themſelves and their fucceffors to keep it in re-
was placed the ſtatue of king James I. in gilt ar pair and defend it for the future; and by this
mour, with a golden lion and a chained unicorn, company it was rebuilt in a beautiful manner in
both couchant at his feet.
the year 1479
On the weſt ſide of the gate was a figure of
On the ſouth ſide, over the gateway, was
fortune gilt, and ſtanding on a globe, with a placed a ſtone image of a biſhop with a mitre on
proſperous fail ſpreading over her head ; under his head : he had a long beard, eyes ſunk, an
which was carved the king's arms, with the mot-
old mortified face, and was ſuppoſed to řepreſent
to, Dieu et mon Droit, and a little below it, Vivat St. Erkenwald.
Rex: ſomewhat lower, on the ſouth ſide, ſtood On the north ſide was another figure of a bi-
peace with a dove perched on one hand, and a ſhop with a ſmooth face, reaching out his right
gilded wreath in the other.
hand to beſtow his benedictions, and holding a
On the north ſide of the gate was the figure of croſier in his left, who is thought to have been
charity, with a child at her breaft, and another in || biſhop William the Norman.
This laſt was ac-
her hand.
companied by two other figures in ſtone, fuppof-
On the top of the gate was a vane ſupported ed to repreſent king Alfred, and his ſon Eldred,
by a gilt ſphere, on each ſide of which ſtood a earl of Mercia.
foldier holding a bullet in his hand, on the top In the year 1551, the abovementioned com-
of the upper battlements.
pany of Haunſe merchants prepared ſtone for re-
Over the arch of the gate were carved the fol building the ſaid gate ; but that compnay being
lowing words;
diffolved about this period, a ſtop was put to the
work, and the old gate remained till the year
Senatus Populuſque Londinenſis
1731, when it was quite caken down, and re-
Fecit, 1609,
built, at the expence of the city, but not finiſhed
HUMPHREY Weld, Maior.
It is remarkable that when it was almoſt finiſh-
There were two poſterns through this gate, ed, the arch of the gate fell down; but though
that on the ſouth ſide of which was made as late
it
till 1735.
* Strype.

1 2
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
it was a great thoroughfare, and this accident ſo named from a number of cripples, who for-
happened in the middle of the day, no perſon || merly begged there.
was hurt.
The great antiquity of this gate cannot be
On the top over the gateway, was a carving doubted; for in the hiſtory of Edmund, king
of the city armis, ſupported by dragons, and on of the Eaſt Angles, written by Albas Floriacen-
each ſide of the gate was a poſtern for the con ſis, and ſince that, by John Lidgare, monk of
venience of foot paſſengers.
Bury, it is aſſerted that in the year 1010, the
The rooms in the ancient gate were appropri Danes ravaging the kingdom of the Eaſt Angles,
ated to the uſe of one of the Lord-Mayor's car Alwin, biſhop of Helmeham, cauſed the body
vers; but in the ſtead thereof he has been of late of king Edmund the martyr to be conveyed from
years paid twenty pounds per annum by the Bury St. Edmunds, I through the kingdom of the
city.
Eaſt-Saxons, and into London by the way of
Cripplegate, where it is pretended that the body
MOORGATE.
wrought miracles, making ſome of the lame walk
upright, praiſing God.
Its antiquity likewiſe appears from the Charter
In the year 1415, during the mayoralty of of William the Conqueror, confirming the foun-
Thomas Falconer, the wall of the city was broken dation of the College in London, called St, Mar-
near Coleman-ſtreet, and a poſtern built which tin the Great, in which are theſe words: “ I do
was ſince called Moorgate, from its vicinity to give and grant unto the ſame church, and ca-
Moorfields.
nons ſerving God therein, all the lands, and
In the year 1511 this poſtern was re-edified, “ the Moor without the poſtern, which is called
dikes and bridges were made, and the ground le Cripplegate, on either part of the poſtern."
velled and made more commodious for the citizens This gate was formerly uſed as a priſon, to which
to paſs to their adjacent fields and gardens. debtors, and perſons charged with treſpaſſes, were
The late edifice, which was one of the moſt committed, as they now are to the compters of
magnificent gates of the city, was erected in the Woodſtreet and the Poulery. This appears by a
year 1674, and conſiſted of a lofty arch, and two writ of king Edward I. in the following words :
pofterns for foot paſſengers.
-Rex Vic, London Salutem. Ex gravi querela B.
The arch (according to a late hiſtorian *) was capt. et detent. in priſona noſtra de Crippleſgate pro
built higher than the common rules of propor X. I. quas coram Radulpho de Sandwico, tunc
tion, for the ſake of the city trained-bands march Cuſtod, Civitatis nofiræ London, et I. de Blackwell
ing through it with their pikes erected; a weapon Civis recognit. debit &c.
which is now out of uſe.
In the year 1244 this gate was rebuilt by the
Other writers, however, are of opinion that company of Brewers of London; and in the
its height was intended for the better convenience year 1483, Edmund Shaw, mayor of the city,
of carts and waggons loaded with hay coming bequeathed by his will 400 marks, which, with
into the city, a deſign having been formed of the remains of the old gate, was to build a new
making a hay market in Little Moorfields ; but one; and which was accordingly performed in the
this deſign was never carried into execution. year 1491
The upper part of the gate was adorned with The laſt account we have of any reparation of
corinthian pilaſters, ſupporting their proper en this gate, is in the year 1663, when the following
tablature, and with a round pediment, in which inſcription was placed upon it:
was the city arms: and the apartments over the
gate were appropriated to the uſe of one of the “ This gate was repaired and beautified, and
Lord-Mayor's carvers.
About the year 1636, “ the foot-poftern new made, at the charge of
the city wall between Biſhopſgate was broken thecity of London, the 15th year of the reign
down, oppoſite Wincheſter-ſtreet, and a poſtern " of our Sovereign Lord king Charles II. and
gate made there for the accommodation of foot " in the Mayoralty of Sir John Robinſon,
paſſengers; but this has been taken away, and “ Knight and Baronet, lieutenant of the Tow-
the foot-way conſiderably enlarged.
er of London, and alderman of this ward ;
In the year 1635 the poſterns of Baſinghall
" A. D. 1663
and Aldermanbury were erected ; but theſe alſo
have been taken away, by order of the Lord This gate which was a plain folid edifice, and
mayor, aldermen, and common council ; and the void of all ornament, had more of the appear-
ſeveral paſſages through London-wall to Fore ance of a fortification than any other gate of the
ſtreet, (which is at this timet rebuilding in an city. The rooms over it were occupied by the
handſome manner) are now open, elegant and
water-baliff of the city ; and the gate had only
modious.
one poſtern.
Mr. Maitland has given it as his opinion that
CRIPPLEGATE.
in the year 1010 this was the only gate in the
north-wall of the city, as it ſtood more conveni-
ent for one the original gates than Alderſgate; and
At the diſtance of one thouſand and thirty-two he thinks that this gate was originally erected o-
feet to the weſt of Moorgate, ſtood Cripplegate, ver the Roman military way, which was called
1 Then called Bedriſworth
* Maitland,
+ January, 1769.
the

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
13
ss
the Ermine ſtreet, and led from London to " müel ſaid unto all Ifrael, behold, I have
Hornſey.
6 hearkened unto your voice, in all that you
It is not impoſſible that the cuſtom of making 66 have ſaid unto me, and have made a king over
proclamation at the end of Woodftreet, in Cheap you.”
fide, may have ariſen from the circumſtance of On the ſouth ſide was the effigies of king
its having been one of the old Roman military | James I. in his royal robės, ſitting in a chair of
ways.
ſtate, done in relief.
This gate was very much damaged by the great
ALDERSGATE. fire in 1666 ; but was repaired and beautified, at
the expence of the city, in the year 1670, during
the mayoralty of Sir Samuel Stirling, knight.
This gate, which was ſituated 1265 feet ſouth The apartments over the gate were appropri-
weſt of Cripplegate, was, according to the opi-
ated to the uſe of the common crier of the city;
nion of Stow, one of the original gates of the
and by the ſides of the gate were two poſterns
city : but Maitland obſerves that its antiquity is
for the convenience of foot paſſengers.
by no means implied in the meaning of the word It is obſerved by a modern writer, that this
Alder, which fome derive from Aldrich, a Saxon; gate was ſo heavy and gothic á ſtructure, that
others from the ſeniors or old men by whom the
it hardly deſerved notice, unleſs for the ſake of the
gate was built ; and others from the great num.
baſs relief of king James, which, though in an
ber of Alder trees which formerly grew in that
awkward and elegant taſte, was a very tolerable
neighbourhood: and he thinks that either of theſe piece of workmanſhip, and might challenge ſome
derivacions is more probable, than that this name
Thare of applauſe.
was conferred upon it on account of its age,
particularly as he could find no mention of it
NEW G A T E.
before the conqueſt; whence he concludes that
it was not erected before that period.
In ancient times this gate was at ſeveral times Newgate is at this time * ſituated at the dif-
enlarged with buildings; and John Day, an emi tance of 1037 feet ſouth weſt from the ſpot
nent printer, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, where Alderſgate did ftand; and it is the opinion
who lived in this gate, built conſiderably on the of moſt of our antiquarians, that it obtained its
wall of the city, towards the pariſh church of name from its being firſt erected in the reign of
St. Anne
Henry I. ſeveral hundred years after the four ori-
There is a book printed by this famous typo ginal gates of the city.
grapher, with a print in the title, repreſenting Howel diſſents from this opinion, and aſſerts
Day with a whip in his hand, in a room at the top | that it was only repair’d in the abovementioned
of this gate, where his boys being in bed, and the reign, and that it was anciently denominated
fun ſhining on them, he awakens them with theſe CHAMBERLAIN GATE: but if this be true, it is
words ; Ariſe, for it is Day.
very extraordinary that this gate is not once men-
This gate being in ſo ruinous a condition as to tioned before the conqueſt.
be in danger of falling, the Lord-Mayor, alder It appears, however, from ancient records, that
men, and common council, ordered it to be taken it was called Newgate, and was a common jail for
down, which was accordingly done in the year felons taken in the city of London, or the county
1616, when it was rebuilt in a ſubſtantial manner, of Middleſex, as early as the year 1218 ; and that
Mr. William Parker, merchant-taylor, having ſo lately as the year 1457, Newgate, and not the
bequeathed a thouſand pounds towards the ex Tower, was the priſon for the nobility and great
pence of the new edifice.
officers of ſtate.
In a large ſquare over the arch of the gate was In the year 1241; the Jews of Norwich were
the figure of king James I. on horſeback, in the || hanged for circumciſing a chriſtian child; their
ſame poſture as when he made his entry through || houſe; called the Thor, was pulled down and
this gate, on his coming to take poffeffion of the || deſtroyed; and Aaron the ſon of Abraham, a
crown. Above his head were quartered the arms Jew, who lived in London with ſeveral more of
of England, Scotland and Ireland.
that people, were ſentenced to pay 20,000 markst
In a nich on the eaſt ſide was the prophet Jere at two payments within a year, or otherwiſe to
miah, with the words of the 25th verſe of the be kept perpetual priſoners, in Newgate, and
17th chapter of his book ; 66 Then ſhall enter other priſons.
to into the gates of this city, kings and princes, In the year 1255, one John Offrem, who was
“ fitting upon the throne of David, riding in committed to Newgate for having killed a prior,
< chariots, and on horſes, they and their princes, || finding means to make his eſcape out of that pri-
6 the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Je ſon; king Henry III. was ſo much diſpleaſed with
s ruſalem; and this city ſhall remain for ever." the city of London on that account, that he ſent
In a nich on the weſt ſide ſtood the prophet for the mayor and ſheriffs to come before him to
Samuel, with the firſt verſe of the twelfth chapter anſwer for the conſequence.
of the firſt book of that prophet ; 66 And Sa The mayor blamed the ſheriffs, to whom the
* January 1769.
+ Matthew Paris ſays, that this money was raiſed on the
Jews, to defray the extraordinary charge the king had been
at, in entertaining Thomas earl of Savoy, the queen's uncle;
who came into England that year to make himn a viſit.
cuſtody

14
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
60
cuſtody of priſoners properly belonged; where - now fits at the right hand of God, to make in-
upon he was permitted to depart, but the ſheriffs " terceſiion for as many of you as penitently re-
remained priſoners in the Tower upwards of a turn unto him.
month, notwithſtanding the biſhops officers were
principally to blame ; for though the ſheriffs had
" Lord have mercy upon you ;
given leave for the offender to be impriſoned in
56 Chriſt have mercy upon you ;
Newgate, yet they ought to have ſeen him kept
- Lord have mercy upon you;
in ſafety.
56 Chriſt have mercy upon you;”
On the Tueſday after Palm-Sunday, in the year
. 1431, all the priſoners of Ludgate were convey. But the exhortation is not pronounced to ſuch
ed to Newgate, by the ſheriffs of London; and as have been guilty of murder.
on the i 3th of April, on a falſe complaint made Newgate being much damaged by the fire of
by the keeper of Newgate, eighteen freemen were London in 1666, was repaired, in the manner
conducted to the compters, chained as if they || it now appears, in the year 1672.
had been felons : but on the ſixteenth of June, The weſt fide of this gate is adorned with three
Ludgate was again appointed for the reception of ranges of tuſcan pilaſters, with their entablatures,
ſuch freemen as ſhould be priſoners for debt; and and in the intercolumniations are four niches, in
on the ſame day, the ſaid freemen were removed one of which is a figure repreſenting Liberty,
thither by order of the Lord Mayor, alderınen | having the word Libertas inſcribed on her cap;
and commons.
and at her feet lies a cat, in alluſion to the ſtory
Mr. Robert Dow, merchant-taylor, who died of Sir Richard Whittington, a benefactor to the
in the year 1612, appointed the fexton, or Bell priſon, who is ſaid to have made the firſt ſtep to.
man of St. Sepulchre's to pronounce two ſolemn wards his good fortune by ineans of a cat.
exhortations to the perſons condemned; for which, The eaſt ſide of the gate is likewiſe adorned
and for ringing the paſſing bell, as they are car with a range of pilaſters, and in three niches
ried to the place of execution, he left £ 65. 8d. are the figures of juſtice, mercy, and truth.
yearly for ever.
A late writer obferves, that "
Newgate confi-
The following is the exhortation to be pro "s dered as a priſon, is a ſtructure of more coſt
nounced to the condemned priſoners in Newgate, - and beauty than was neceſſary; becauſe the
the night before their execution.
ſumptuouſneſs of the outſide but aggravates
" the miſery of the wretches within : but as a
“ You priſoners that are within,
gate to ſuch a city as London, it might have
" Who for wickedneſs and ſin,
es received conſiderable additions both of deſign
" and execution, and abundantly anſwer the coſt
“ After many mercies ſhewn you, are now " in the reputation of building. The gate of a
" appointed to die to-morrow in the forenoon : city, erected rather for ornament than uſe,
give ear, and underſtand, that to-morrow morn " ought to be in the ſtyle of the ancient trium-
ing the greateſt bell of St. Sepulchre's ſhall so phal arches; and it muſt be allowed, that
“ toll for you in form and manner of a paling “ hardly any kind of building admits of more
" bell, as uſed to be tolled for thoſe that are at “ beauty or perfection.”
" the point of death, to the end that all godly If we conſider Newgate as a priſon, it is indeed
people hearing that bell, and knowing it is for a very ſhocking one. The debtor, rendered un-
you, going to your deaths, may be ſtirred up fortunate by the viciſſitudes of trade, undergoes
heartily, to pray to God to beſtow his grace the ignominy of being confined in the ſame pri-
" and mercy upon you, whilſt you live; I be ſon with the moſt abandoned villains ; and it
“ ſeech you, for Jeſus Chriſt his fake, to keep || happens but too frequently, that his being in
so this night in watching and prayer, for the || Newgate is imputed, by the ignorant, to crimes
“ falvation of your own ſouls, while there is yet which his ſoul abhors !
« time and place for mercy: as knowing to mor On the other hand, thoſe confined as crimi-
row you
muſt appear before the judgment feat nals, are, even before the laws of their country
" of your Creator, there to give an account of have found them guilty, pent up ſo cloſe together,
“ all things done in this life, and to ſuffer eter- that the air being corrupied by their ſtench and
«s nal torments for your fins committed againſt || naſtineſs, occaſions a contagious diſeaſe, called
« him, unleſs upon your hearty and unfeigned the jail diſtemper, which has frequently deſtroyed
repentance, you find mercy, through the me. || great numbers of them, and even carried its con-
“ rits, death, and paſſion of your only mediator tagion to the court of juſtice, where the trials
«s and advocate, Jeſus Chriſt, who now fits at the
are held.
65 right hand of God, to make interceſſion for as To prevent as much as poſſible theſe dreadful
many of you, as penitently return to him.” effects, a ventilator has been placed on the top of
On the day of execution, as the condemned Newgate to expel the foul air, and make way for
criminals paſs by St. Sepulchre’s church, the the admiſſion of ſuch as is freſh; and during
following words were appointed to be ſpoken: the time that the ſeſſions are held, herbs are alſo
“ All good people, pray heartily unto God for ſtrewed in the court of juſtice, and in the paf-
" theſe poor ſinners, who are now going to their fages leading thereto, to prevent infection.
" death, for whom this great bell doth toll.” However, there are in this priſon ſeveral com-
“ You that are condemned to die, repent with modious and airy apartments, for the accommo-
“ lamentable tears: aſk mercy of the Lord, for dation of ſuch as are able to pay for them: and
* the ſalvation of your own ſouls, through the me there is alſo a private paſſage behind the houſes
“ rits, death, and paſſion of Jeſus Chriſt, who to the hall of juſtice in the Old Bailey, by which
the
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
15
1
the danger of priſoners being reſcued, while go-
ing to, or returning from their trials, is totally
obviated.
It is much to be wiſhed that the plan ſo long
talked of for building a new priſon for felons may
foon be carried into execution, and that a ſepa-
rate priſon may be erected for the reception of
unfortunate debtors.
The following is a list of the donations belonging
to the priſon of Newgate.
ſing by, aſked him what ſum would procure
his diſcharge; and on his anſwering twenty
pounds (which at that time was a conſiderable
ſum) ſhe generouſly advanced the money.
His liberty being thus obtained, his kind be-
nefactreſs took him into her ſervice, in which,
by his indefatigable application to buſineſs, and
his obliging behaviour, he gained the affections
of his miſtreſs, and married her; after which he
had ſuch great ſucceſs in trade, that he became
Lord-Mayor of London, and obtained the ho-
nour of knighthood.
In the midſt of his proſperity, Sir Stephen
thought of the place of his confinement, and
acquainting his lady with a deſign he had formed
of enlarging the priſon, ſhe alſo determined to
contribute to the execution of fo benevolent a
plan.
Hereupon they cauſed ſeveral of their houſes
near the gate to be pulled down, and in their ſtead
erected a ſtrong ſquare ſtone building, containing
the following rooms, viz. the porch, the paper-
houſe, the watch-hall, the upper and lower lum-
beries, the cellar, the long ward, and the chapel;
in the laſt of which were the following inſcrip-
tions :
O o
2
O IO O
2
O
1
2 IO
I
IO
o
o
I
2 0
O 134
2
Per Annum. 1. s. d.
By Sir Thomas Greſham from the Chamber of Lond. 10
By Sir Roger Martin, from the Mercers Comp.
By Alderman John Heydon, from Ditto
5
By John Marſh, from Ditto
By Peter Blundel, from the Haberdaſhers Comp.
By Stephen Peacock, from Ditto
By the Lady Ramſay, from Chriſt's Hoſpital
By the Lady Morrice, from the Armourers Comp.
By Sir John Peachy, from the Grocers Comp.
By Sir Thomas Knefworth, from the Fifhm. Comp. 5
By James Smiih, from Ditto
3 4
By John Meredith, from the Skinners Comp.
By John Draper, from Ditto
By John Kenrick, from the Drapers Company
By Peter Blundel, from the Merchant-Tayl. Comp. 2
By William Packer, from Ditto
By John Wooler, from Ditto
By Marg. Hargrave, from the Clothworkers Comp, o
By Mr. Garret, from the Salters Company
6
By Mr. Horne, from Ditto
By Mr. Rogers, from the Leatherſellers Company
By Mr. Ferras, from Ditto
68
By the Leatherfellers Company
4 O
By the Company of Pariſh Clerks
By the Barons of the Exchequer
6 8
By Mr. Gnobham, from a Houſe in Smithfield 4 100
By the Receiver General of the Land-Tax
By Sir Robert Hampion
By Mr. Crotham, from the Cutlers Company
015 o
O
2
I
0 0 0
2 O
I
0
" This chapel was erected and ordained for
es the divine worſhip and ſervice of God, by
" the Right Honourable Sir Stephen Forſter,
Knight, ſome time Lord-Mayor of this ho-
" nourable city, and by Dame Agnes his wife,
“ for the uſe and godly exerciſe of the priſo-
ners in this priſon of Ludgate, Anno 1454."
I
I
2 13 4
1
Total per Annum 52 58
Devout Soules, that paſſe this way,
For Stephen Forſter, late Maior, heartily pray,
And Dame Agnes, his Spouſe, to God conſecrate,
That of pitie this houſe made for Londoners in Ludgate.
So that for Lodging and Water Priſoners here nought pay,
As their keepers ſhall all anſwere at dreadful doomes-day.
By Margaret Deane, from the Ironmongers Company, 17
Stones of Beef, and 5 Dozen of Bread ; from St. Dunſtan's
Pariſh in the Eaſt, 20 Stones of Ditto; from the Pariſh
of St. Andrew Underſhaft, 1o Stones of Ditto ; from All-
hallows Pariſh in Lombard-Street, 17 Stones of Ditto.
-
L U D G A TE.
Theſe venerable founders not only ſettled a ſa.
lary for a chaplain of this priſon, but ordered that
all the rooms in theſe additional buildings ſhould
be for ever free to all unfortunate citizens, and
that they, on providing their own bedding, ſhould
pay nothing at their diſcharge for lodging or
chamber rent: but the avaricious diſpoſition of
the keepers has long ſince broke through this
appointment, and for many years paſt, took rent
for the rooms built for the ſole uſe of the poor,
contrary to the expreſs order of the generous
donor.
Though at the taking down of the city gates,
the priſoners in Ludgate were removed to the
LONDON WORKHOUSE in Biſhopfgate, which is at
this time called New LUDGATE; yet, as the do-
meſtic government of the priſon is, or ought to
be nearly the ſame as it formerly was, and as it is
in itſelf very ſingular and remarkable, we will
now give a compendious account of it, from a
work publiſhed ſome years ago, by a perſon who
had been long a priſoner there.
For the government of the priſon, and the
puniſhment of crimes and miſdeameanors com-
mitted therein, the maſter, keeper and priſoners
choſe from among themſelves a reader of divine
ſervice ; an upper ſteward, called the maſter of
the box; an under ſteward, ſeven aſiſtants, who
by
At the diſtance of 797 feet ſouth of Newgate,
was ſituated Ludgate, which, according to Gef-
frey of Monmouth, derived its name from king
Lud, a Briton, who, according to that author,
built it about fixty years before the birth of
Chriſt.
But as Geffrey's pretended hiſtory is now uni-
verſally acknowledged to be the mere production
of an inventive brain, his affertion has no weight
with the judicious ; for it is certain that the an-
cient Britons had no walled towns.
therefore, is with much greater appearance of
probability, derived from the rivulet Flood,
Flud, Vloat, Fleote or Fleet, which ran inco
Fleet-ditch, and was very probably called Lud-
gate, inſtead of its original name, Fludgate.
In the year 1373 this gatę was conſtituted a
priſon for poor debtors, who were free of the
city; and it was afterwards greatly enlarged by
Sir Stephen Forſter.
This gentleman had been a priſoner there, and
was begging at the gate, when a rich widow pal-
This name,

16
MIS TORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
by turns officiate daily ; a running affiftant; two an aſſiſtant, and refuſed to ſerve, it was cuſtomary
church. wardens ; à ſcavenger; a chamberlain ; to fine him a ſhilling, in default of paying which it
a running poſt; and the criers or beggárs at the was cuſtomary to put him in fetters for three days.
grates, who were generally fix in number.
The officiating ailiſtant was inveſted with the
The reader was choſen by the maſter, keeper, power of a magiſtrate, and could commit à pri-
ſtewards, and affiftants, and not at a general | foner to the ſtocks or ſhackles, for abuſing any
election, as the other officers were. Beſides reading perſon. His buſineſs was to ſee the cellar cleared
the prayers, he was formerly obliged to ring the of all the priſoners every night by ten o'clock ;
bell twice a day for prayers, and allo for the Ipace for which he received fixpence out of the charity
of a quarter of an hour before nine o'clock at
money ; two-pence of which was for the upper
night, as a warning for all ſtrangers to depart the ſteward, two-pence for the running aſſiſtant, and
priſon: but on account of the dignity of his office,
two-pence for himſelf.
he has been for ſome years paſt exempted from In ancient times this office was held in ſuch
theſe ſervile employments, and others have been eſteem, that the aſſiſtant, on his entering upon it,
appointed to perform them in his ſtead.
uſed to be uſhered into the hall at eight o'clock
The ſalary of the reader was two ſhillings and at night, by forty or fifty of the priſoners, each
eight-pence per month ; a penny of every pri- carrying a large lighted candle.
foner at his entrance, if his garniſh amounted to It was the buſineſs of the running aſiſtant to
fixteen-pence; and a diſh of meat out of the attend on the criers at the grates to change mo-
Lord-Mayor's baſket.
ney ; to open the boxes; put up candles in their
All the priſoners held the upper ſteward, or reſpective places; look after the clock; ring the
maſter of the box in equal efteer with the keeper | bell for prayers, and perform the office of crier,
of the priſon; and to him was committed the at the ſale of proviſions. His falary was four
keeping of the ſeveral orders of the houſe, with the ſhillings and eight pence per month, and an
accounts of caſh received upon legacies; the dif eighth part of the garniſh-money.
tribution of all proviſions ſent in by the Lord The church wardens were choſen from anjong
Mayor and others; and the caſh received by the younger priſoners. The buſineſs of the up-
garniſh and begging at the grates, which he uſed per church-warden was to call to prayers on Sun-
to expend weekly, in bread, candles and other ne days, after the bell had done ringing ; and that
ceffaries.
of the under church warden was to call the pri-
He likewiſe kept a liſt of all the priſoners, as ſoners to prayers all other days. They likewiſe
well thoſe that were upon the charity as thoſe who took cognizance of all perſons upon the charita -
were not ; to each of whom, by the aid of the ble foundation, who in default of attendance
affiftant for the day, he uſed to deliver their reſ were fined one penny each.
pective ſhares of bread and other proviſions. The ſalary of the under church-warden was
It was alſo his buſineſs to receive the gifts of four-pence per month ; and if a perſon was duly
the poulterers, fiſhmongers, and other market elected, and refuſed to ſerve the office, he was
people, ſent in from the clerk of the market, by
fined four pence.
the running poſt, for which he gave a receipt'; The duty of the ſcavenger was to keep the
and afterwards, in the preſence of the aſſiſtant priſon clean, and to fetter offenders, or put them
for the day, expoſed all to fale to the charity men,
in the ſtocks : for which he was intitled to receive
in a fair market; and the money ariſing there one penny from each criminal, together with a
from was depoſited in the common ſtock. ſalary of five ſhillings and eight-pence per month,
This officer, with the under ſteward, aſſiſtants, and two-pence out of every ſixteen-pence of the
and church-wardens were elected monthly, by garniſh-money.
the ſuffrages of the priſoners ; but all the other Thechamberlain, who was choſen by the keeper
officers, except the chamberlain, were appointed of the priſon, took care of all the bedding and
by the maſter, keeper, ſtewards, and aſſiſtants. linen belonging to the keeper; appointed the
The deſign of theſe frequent elections was to lodgings of the new-comers ; furniſhed the pri.
prevent frauds and abuſes among the reſpective | ſoners with ſheets, and gave notice to ſtranger's
officers; but when they were known to be per to leave the priſon by ten o'clock at night. In
fons of probity, they were commonly re-elected, former times this officer was obliged to make the
and frequently held their poſts for ſeveral months beds of the charity-men, for which he was paid
together.
two-pence a month.
The under ſteward was an affiftant to the up The buſineſs of the running poſt was to fetch
per fteward, and uſed to perform the func in a baſket the broken meat from the Lord-
tions of his office, in caſe of his abſence or in- || Mayor's table, proviſions from the clerk of the
diſpoſition.
market, from private families, and the chari-
The feven afſiftants were choſen monthly, with ties given in the ſtreets; which, when ſo in-
the ſtewards, and one of them uſed to officiate conſiderable as not to admit of being divided
daily; whoſe buſineſs it was to attend in the among them all, were publicly ſold. The ſala-
hall, to enter all charities, and keep an account ry annexed to this office was four ſhillings à
of the money taken out of the boxes, which were month, one penny out of each man's dividend,
opened at five o'clock in the afternoon, and at and one penny out of every ſixteen-pence of
nine at night. This money he pays to the upper garniſh-money.
ſteward, at the paſſing of whoſe accounts the ſtew The criers were fix in number; two of whom
ards uſed to officiate as auditors.
daily begged at the grates ; the perſon at the
If any perſon was nominated to the office of grate in Ludgate-ſtreet being allowed one fourth
of '

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
17
own beds and
of what was given, and him on the Black-friars count, how theſe orders have been of late years
fide, one half of the money collected there: obeyed.
On the Monday following every election, the Å freeman being arreſted by an action entered
accounts were audited and paſſed, and the balance in either of the compters, inay refuſe to go thi-
divided ; but if it amounted to three ſhillings || ther, and inſiſt on being carried iminediately to
and fourpence per man, the keeper of the priſon, Ludgate ; but the officers will extort from him
without the lealt colour of right, uſed arbitrarily four or five ſhillings as their fee for carrying him
to extort two ſhillings and four-pence from each thither, though their due is but two-pence.
priſoner ; but if the dividend did not amount to On his being brought to Ludgate, the turnkey
ſo much, he then took only fourteen pence, the entered his name and condition in a book kept fo:
other moiety of the two ſhillings and four-pence that purpoſe ; for which entry the priſoner uſed
being placed to the account of the priſoner, to to pay fourteen pence; after which the chamber-
be paid at the time of his diſcharge.
lain furniſhed him with a lodging at the rate of
Another great grievance the priſoners laboured one penny, two-pence, or three-pence per night;
under was, their being obliged to pay the turn but demanded one ſhilling and ſix-pence for
key twelve ſhillings per month, for no other ſer ſheets; and before he went to reſt, his fellow-
vice than that of opening the door to admit gifts | priſoners demanded four ſhillings for garniſh, and
and charities ſent to the priſon, which frequently if he did not pay it, his cloaths were privately
amounted to little more than what he received. taken from him at night, and not returned till he
Thus far our author: but it may be proper to had raiſed the money the next day. The ſteward
inform the reader that the book * from which likewiſe demanded eighteen pence of him, fur
this account was extracted, was printed many coals, candles, and the uſe of the houſe.
years ago; and we hope that the grievances He was, however, allowed the liberty of going
abovementioned have already been remedied, as abroad; which he might do either with a keeper,
far as the conduct of the New Ludgate in Bi or on giving good ſecurity to return at night.
ſhopſgate-Street will admit.
If he went ouc with a keeper, he was obliged
to pay two ſhillings and fix-pence to the head
The following is an account of the fees to be taken turnkey, and eighteen-pence to the keeper who
by the keeper of Ludgate, and the turnkeys under attended him; and every day he went abroad
him, allowed of, and confirmed at a court of Alder afterwards, one ſhilling to the keeper, and the
men, held on the igth of January, 1686.
ſame ſum to the turnkey. A bond was likewiſe
At the coming in of every priſoner one ſhil given for the payment of his lodging to the maf-
ling to the turnkey, and two-pence to the offi ter-keeper, for which the turnkey took at leaſt
cer who conducts him thither.
,
,
ding, mats and cords, ſheets, blankets and co all other actions againſt him in either or both of
verlets, the priſoners pay him for the beſt lodging the compters, he, on his diſmiſſion, paid two
three-pence per night; for the ſecond lodging | ſhillings to the maſter-keeper; fourteen pence to
two-pence, and for the third or meaneſt lodging the turnkey; one ſhilling for every action entered
one penny per night.
againſt him ; and if he was charged in execution,
The keeper is to provide clean ſheets every two ſhillings and ſix-pence for every action againſt
month for all his beds, and the priſoners who lie him. Theſe fees, together with his lodging,
in them are to pay monthly to the chamberlain have frequently amounted to more than the whole
for waſhing them, eight-pence between them, debt.
and no more.
Tbe following is a liſt of the donations belonging
bedding, which the keeper is by no means to to this priſon.
hinder, the priſoner is only to pay three-pence
1. s. d.
per week for bed-room; or for chamber-room By John Kendrick, from the Company of Drapers
four-pence at the moſt per week; and not above By Sir Thoma's Cullum, from ditto
two to lie in a bed.
By Sir Thomas Greſham, from the Co. of Mercers
By Sir Roger Martin, from ditto
If the priſoner by his inability can go no far By John Heydon, Alderman, from ditto
ther than a couch, he is to pay only one penny By John Marſh, from ditto
per week for chamber-room, and only one penny
By Stephen Peacock, from the Comp. of Haberd.
By Sir Thomas Kneſworth, from the Fiſhıongers
per week for lamps and candles, which the keeper
By James Smith, from ditto
is to provide.
By the L. Eliz. Morrice, from the C. of Armourers i
For every priſoner's diſcharge the keeper is to By John Bennet, from ditto
. For all ac-
By John Wooler, from the Merchant Taylors Com. I
the
By William Parker, from ditto
By Margaret Hargrave, from the C. of Clothw.
keeper only one ſhilling, and not one ſhilling for By Sir John Peachy, from the Grocers Company
every action, and two ſhillings and fix-perice for By John Merideth, from the Skinners Company
every writ, as was formerly taken.
By John Draper, from ditto
By Sir William Jones, from the Salters Company
The keeper ſhall not preſume to take any other
By Peter Blundell, from ditto
fees upon any pretence, demand, or allowance
By Mrs. Cock, from ditto
whatſoever, for execution-money, action-money, By Mr. Robert Rogers, from the Leatherſellers Co.
or writ-money.
By Robert Ferbras, from ditto
The reader will judge by the following ac-
36 Ï 10
Johnſon's deſcription of Ludgate.
E
Ву
I 10 o
3 оо
ΤΟ
o
Ows N
0 0
5 0
0 0
I
5
оо
3 4
I
ооо
Ι ΙΟ Ο
окоо оно
O 5
o
5 0
2 o
0 13 4
50
2 o
2 6
1 0 0
68

18
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
0
O
I
O
9
2
2
I
O
Ο 1Ο
1
O
2
o
2 1 2 0
1. s. d. Several other gates on this ſide of the city are
Brought over 36 7 10 mentioned by Stow, viz. Wolfgate, Ebgate, Oy-
By the Leatherſellers Company
4
By Peter Blundel, from the Company of Ironmon. 2
ſtergate, Buttolphſgate, Billingſgate, &c. but theſe
By W. Roper, from the Comp. of Pariſh-Clerks
ſo far from having been real gates in the wall of
By Tho. Dawſon, from St. Ethelburga's Pariſh
the city, were only wharfs appropriated to the
By the Lady Mary Ramſay, from Chriſt's Hoſpital 2 10
landing of merchandize, and took their names
By Marg. Simcots, from the Chamber of London 9
By William Middleton, from ditto
3
from the kind of goods there landed, or from
6
By Joan Sambach, by St. Bride's Pariſh
the names of other places in their neighbours
By Tho. Chapman, by St. Pancras's Pariſh
6 hood; for as the wharf near Dowgate took its
By James Hodgſon, by St. Sepulchre's Pariſh
name from that gate, fo, in emulation thereof,
By John Fuckſey, from Moreclack in Berkſhire
the erectors of the other wharfs, or quays, diga
By Lancelot Andrews, biſhop of Wincheſter
5
By John Stone, out of a Tenement in Bow-Lane
nified theirs with the epithet of gates.
By the Lady Margaret North, from the King's-
Head Tavern, Newgate-Street
BRIDGE GA T E.
Total per Annum 60 10 4
By Tho. Cottels, a Hind Quarter of Beef, and a Peck of
Stow is of opinion that this gate, which was
Oat-Meal, from the Tallow-Chandlers Company. ſituated on London-bridge, took its name from
By Margaret Dean, 19 Stones of Beef, and 5 Dozen of that circumſtance; which is ſo obvious a truth;
Bread, from the Company of Ironmongers.
that there was no neceſſity for making ſo wiſe a
There is a gift to this priſon, called Nell Gwin's dole,
which uſed to be diſtributed in bread among the priſoners
remark.
every ninth week.
He likewiſe thinks it was one of the four prin:
cipal gates of the city, and that it was built long
before the conqueſt, when there was only a bridge
D O W G A T E.
of timber over the Thames ; but being a weak
pile of building, it often ſtood in need of repair.
In the year 1436 this gate, with the tower
According to the opinion of Stow, DoWGATE upon it, fell down, and being rebuilt, it was
was originally called Downgate, from the ſteep burnt in the year 1471, by ſome rioters mariners
neſs of the deſcent from the church of St. John, of Kent, headed by the baſtard Fauconbridge.
Walbrook, to the river Thames; and that it was On the third of April, 1266, king Henry III.
anciently a principal key for ſhips and veſſels to granted to the keepers of this, and the other
load and land goods and proviſions.
gates of London, three-pence per day each; from
,
whence Mr. Maitland concludes that they were
water-gate, and that it was one of the four ori- only his collectors, and that the toll was appro-
ginal gates of the city, where was anciently the || priated to the uſe of his majeſty.
Traje&tus, or ferry of Watling.ſtreet, one of the This gate being very much damaged by fire in
four great military ways.
the year 1726, it was ſoon afterwards taken down
And it is farther obſerved, left it ſhould be and rebuilt, and was finiſhed in the year 1728,
objected that one gate was not fufficient to when two pofterns were made, and the following
afford a paſſage to the ſeveral ſorts of merchan- inſcription was placed over the arch on the ſouth
dize exported and imported at that time, that fide:
" before the deſtruction of the wall on that
66 ſide, one gate was ſufficient for that purpoſe, “ This gate was widened from eleven to
G had the commerce of London been double
eighteen feet, in the mayoralty of Ed-
« to what it was, as much more merchandize is “ ward Becher, Knt.
« carried through the weſtern gate-way of the
S. P. Q. L.
« cuſtom-houſe in one year at preſent, than I And the king's arms was placed over this inſcrip-
imagine all the trade of London in thoſe days tion.
Çr could amount to in twenty."
Plante
பாயாயாயாயா
de jare
avoletni dr
СНА Р.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LOND O N.
19
CH A P T E R III.
London firſt erected into the fee of a biſhop. Firſt building of Weſtminſter-Abbey. London
almoſt deſtroyed by fire. Parliament held in London. Most of the inhabitants' of London
murdered by the Danes. King Alfred beſieges and takes this city, and repairs its walls, &c.
The Danes defeated by the citizens of London. Bricks and ſtones firſt uſed in the building of
houſes. The Londoners, under king Athelſtan, defeat the Scots army. Singular law againſt
drunkenneſs made by king Edgar. Remarkable fea-fight between the Engliſh and the Danes.
Great ravages committed by the Danes. King Ethelred orders the Danes to be maſacred,
whereupon Sweyn, king of Denmark, invades and conquers the kingdom. Firſt coronation
in London. Canute beħeges London, and, on the death of king Edmund, becomes fole monarch
of England. A ſcene of bloodſhed prevented by a compromiſe between king Edward and
Godwin, earl of Kent.
H Н
AVING in the two former chapters given || Ethelbert, to whom all the Saxon nations ſouch
an account of the name, ſituation, form, of the river Humber were vaſſals, and Sebert,
extent, and foundation of the city of king of the Eaſt-Saxons, his feudatory.
London : together with many circumſtances re In the year 605, or, according to other au-
lative thereto, till the 368th year of the chriſtian thors, in 610, Sebert built a church or minſter
Æra ; and likewiſe a deſcription of the wall, in the iſand of Thorney ş ſituated to the weſt
gates and liberties of this city; we ſhall now con of London, which, at the deſire of Mellitus,
tinue our hiſtory in the moſt regular manner, and biſhop of London, was dedicated to St. Peter :
pay the ſtricteſt regard to the moſt authentic re but it was deſtroyed by the Danes in a ſhort time
cords; nor will we omit a ſingle circumſtance after its erection.
which we apprehend may contribute to the in Sebert had three fons, Sexred, Seward and
ſtruction or entertainment of the reader.
Sigbert, who, during the life of their father, pro-
A Roman hiſtorian of great credit * informs feſſed the chriſtian religion ; but after his death,
us, that when Theodoſius the elder arrived in which happened about the year 616, they revolted
Britain, the city of London, then called Lundi to paganiſm, and expelled from their dominions
nium, was ſaid to be an ancient town, and that in Mellitus, biſhop of London.
future times it was denominated Auguſta : but be So extremely defective is the civil hiſtory of
this as it will, it did not long retain the latter the Saxon heptarchy, that London is not even
name; for when the Saxons arrived in Britain, mentioned therein from the year 616 to that of
they found it bore that of Caer Llundain, which 764; but of its eccleſiaſtical hiſtory we have the
was changed, in about eight years afterwards, to following particulars.
Lunden-Byrig, by which name it was known About the year 664, the church of St. Martin,
when Hengiſt, having defeated the Britons at Ludgate, was founded by Cadwallo, the valiant
Crayford + in Kent, they took refuge in this city. Britiſh king, who, according to the teſtimony of
Great numbers of the Saxons having been con Robert of Glouceſter, was buried there in the
verted to the chriſtian faith, by Auguſtine the
year 677
monk ; that prieſt was therefore ordained arch, After the expulſion of Mellitus; the fee of
biſhop of the Engliſh nation, by the expreſs or London remained without a biſhop, till the year
der of pope Gregory; after which Auguſtine or 653, when Sigbert, king of the Eaſt-Saxons,
dained Mellitus, biſhop of the Eaſt-Saxons; and | embracing the chriſtian religion, Cedda, or Chad,
that nation being converted by the endeavours of was advanced to the biſhopric of this city.
Mellitus, f Ethelbert, of Kent, cauſed a church This prelate was ſucceeded by Wine, who
to be built for him in London, which was then having been deprived of the biſhopric of Win-
the capital of Eaſt-Saxony. Thus did this city cheſter, by Kerewaltho, king of the Weſt-Saxons,
become the fee of a biſhop.
ſat on the epiſcopal chair of London till the time
London, was, even at this time, famous for of his death, which was about the year 675,
its extenſive commerce; but it does not appear | After the deceaſe of Wine, the biſhopric of this
to have been dignified with the title of the metro- | city was given to Erkenwald, ſon of Offa, king
polis, the city of Canterbury rather claiming of the Eaſt-Angles, who had been educated under
that honour, as it was the reſidence of king || Mellitus, the firſt biſhop of London.
* Tacitus.
4 Then called Creceanford.
I Mellitus was abbot of a monaſtery of monks at Rome,
and ſent into England by pope Gregory, to aſſiſt Auguſtine
in the converſion of its inhabitants.
§ This part of Weſtminſter lay waſte many years, and
being overgrown with thorns and bramble buſhes, and al-
moft encompaſſed by the Thames and Long-ditch, was call-
ed Thorney Iſland:
Erkenwald

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
Erkenwald was ſo diſtinguiſhed by the ſanctity il landed near London, which they ſoon reduced
of his life, and by ſeveral religious foundations, and plundered'; and thinking it a proper fortreſs,
that after his death, which happened at Barking || from which to make incurſions at their pleaſure
in Effex, the canons of St. Paul's and the monks into the kingdom of the Weſt Saxons, they
of Chertſey diſputed the poſſeſſion of his body : || placed a large garriſon therein, and, notwithſtand-
but the inhabitants of London, eſpouſing the ſide ing the moſt folemn oaths to, and treaties with
of the canons, took away the remains of the king Alfred, they made perpetual inroads among
biſhop, and cauſed them to be honourably the neighbouring ſtates, which they robbed and
interred in his own cathedral, the revenues of harraſſed with the moſt unrelenting rage of diabo-
which he had augmented, and enlarged its build-
lical fury.
ings.
Alfred, reſolved to puniſh theſe fons of vio-
Erkenwald was ſucceeded by Walter or lence, theſe infractors of the moſt folemn treaties,
Waldhere, in the reign of king Sebbi, who | repaired all his old fortreffes, erected new ones,
being wearied with the cares of a crown, and laying ſiege to London, attacked that city
acquainted the biſhop with his reſolution to with ſo much bravery, that the Danes were glad
abdicate, and to aſſume the monaſtic life: he to capitulate, after a very faint reſiſtance.
accordingly paſſed through the forms of a re As ſoon as Alfred had thus poffeffed himſelf of
cluſe, and having received the habit from Wald London, he began to rebuild its walls, towers,
here, he gave that eccleſiaſtic a conſiderable fum and gates, which had been almoſt deſtroyed by
of money, to be applied to the purpoſes of the Danes; and having driven out the Daniſh in-
charity, and continued the monaſtic life ever habitants who had ſetčled there, he beſtowed the
after.
government of the city on Ethelred, duke of
# The collegiate church of St. Martin's-le Mercia, who had married his daughter Ethel-
Grand, within Alderſgate, is ſaid to have been
fleda.
founded by Victred or Wydred, king of Kent, 4 It appears to be evident that Ethelred was veſt-
about the year 700: but ſome writers, over-fond ed with powers ſuperior to thoſe of an ordinary
of every appearance of great antiquity, carry the governor; and it is probable that he held this city
date of its foundation much farther back, and in fee, becauſe, on his deceaſe, Ethelfeda deli-
aſcribe it to the king Cadwallein, or to ſome vered it up to her brother, which, if her huſ-
antient Britons, in memory of that prince : band had been only an ordinary governor, ſhe
but we find no foundation for ſuch a ſuppo- || need not have done, ſince it would of courſe
ſition.
have fallen to her brother Edward, as being righe
In the year 764 London ſuffered
very
conſide heir to Alfred his father.
rably by fire ; ſome time after which * it was al The ambition of conquering this kingdom ſtill
moft wholly burnt down ; and the ſtreets being || predominating in the breaſts of the Danes, they
very narrow, and the houſes built of wood, num. were perpetually hovering over the coaſt of Eng-
bers of its inhabitants periſhed in the flames : land, and at length, under the conduct of their
nor was it nearly rebuilt before many of the || general Hæſten, they landed in conſiderable num-
'new houſes were deſtroyed by a third conflagra- || bers, on the coaſt of Eſſex, a little below Til-
bury; and having erected a fort or caſtle at
In the year 833, Egbert king of the Weſt Sax Beamfleote, they made perpetual excurſions
ons, Ethelwolf his ſon, Withlaf king of Mercia, thence into the adjacent country, committing
together with moſt of the biſhops, and other great depredations wherever they went.
great men of the realm aſſembled at London, where Hereupon Alfred diſpatched Ethelred the go-
they held a Witena-gemot, or parliament, in vernor of London, with a number of regular
which they deliberated on the moſt effectual troops, which being joined by a large body of the
meaſures to be purſued, to prevent the invaſions citizens, they drove the ravaging Danes back to
of the piratical Danes.
the caſtle, to which they laid ſiege, and took both
Notwithſtanding all their precautions, it was the caſtle and a very rich booty, at the ſame time
not long before London ſeverely felt the effects making priſoners of the wife and ſons of the Da-
of Daniſh cruelty; for arriving with a large feet niſh general Hæften, whom they conducted to
of ſhips on the coaſt of Kent, they landed, and London.
having deſtroyed Rocheſter and Canterbury, they || On this occaſion the citizens diſtinguiſhed
marched to this city, which they ſacked, and with themſelves in ſuch a manner, as evinced at once
a horrid rage of barbarity, murdered moſt of their great courage and loyalty.
its inhabitants.
On the approach of winter, another body of
Fluſhed with the ſucceſs of this and ſeveral Danes, who had waited the ſucceſs of their coun-
other attempts, the Danes entertained ſerious trymen at the Inand of Mæriſige, $ thought it
thoughts of making a compleat conqueſt of || prudent to retire with their feet to a place of
the whole iſland.
greater ſecurity ; whereupon they failed up the
With this view they ſhipped a large army on river Thames, and entering Lea river, at the
board a fleet of three hundred and fifty fail, || place now called Bow creek, and paſſing up the
which arriving in the Thames, the troops were river in their ſmall vefſels to the diſtance of
1
tion. +
* A. D. 798.
+ This is related on the authority of Simon Dunelmenfis.
| Now Southbenfleet, near the Iſle of Canvey,
§ Now called Mearſy, a ſmall Iſland at the mouth of the
river Coln, or Colcheſter river.
twenty

HIS TORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
21
66
(6
66
twenty miles or upwards, erected a fortification church of St. Alban, in Wood-ſtreet, was founded
at or near Ware in Hertfordſhire. *
by this monarch.
Thus fituated, they gave no ſmall uneaſineſs In the year 940, king Edmund fucceeded his
to the Londoners, who, in conjunction with the brother Athelitan; and in the year 945 he held
king's forces, with the brave Alfred at their a Witena-gemote, or parliament, in London,
head, marched againſt them, and attacked them wherein divers good laws were paſſed, and among
with the greateſt reſolution ; but in this attack the reſt one reſpecting marriage, in which it was
Alfred had four of his chief officers killed, and ordained, I, “ That after a woman and her
was repulſed with conſiderable loſs.
66 friends have given their conſent to marry, the
Alfred now gave a great proof of good general bridegroom is not only to make a ſolemn pro-
fhip; for apprehending he ſhould run too great a " miſe of the performance of articles, but like-
riſk by renewing the attack, he diſpoſed his army 56 wife to declare his entering into an engage-
in ſuch a manner as to cut off all ſupplies of ment, according to the tenor of the goſpel.
proviſion to the enemy by land, and diverting the 2. That then the maintenance of the bride is
current of the river Lea into three channels, the to be adjuſted, and the bridegroom and his
water became inſufficient to admit the return of friends are to give ſecurity upon this head.
their fleet to the Thames.
3. That after this, the bridegroom ſhall make
The navigation being thus cut off, and no pro a declaration of his wife's dowry; and mention
viſions to be obtained, the Danes were obliged as the particulars in which it is to conſiſt.
to break up their camp, and to leave their ſhips “ That if ſhe ſhould happen to ſurvive her huſ-
behind them: upon which the Londoners inſtant " band, ſhe ſhall be allowed the moiety of his
ly demoliſhed their works, reſtored the navigation « goods and eſtate : and in caſe of their having
of the river Lea, deſtroyed ſome of their ſhips, no iſſue, that ſhe ſhall enjoy the whole fortune
and conveyed the reſt down the river to Lon " till her ſecond marriage: and that ſecurities
don. +
“ ſhall be given for the performance of the fore-
In the reign of king Alfred almoſt all the “ going articles, by the man and his friends."
houſes in London were built of wood; but that And it was further ordained, “ 5. That when the
monarch beginning to build his palaces with ſtone c conditions were agreed between the parties, the
and brick, his example was followed by the no " woman's relations ſhall engage for her virtue
bility, and many of the wealthy citizens; but it " and good behaviour, and take ſecurity for the
was fome centuries afterwards before this practice “ ſolemnity of the marriage. 6. That if the
became general.
s huſband ſhould remove her out of the jurif-
Alfred was ſucceeded by his ſon Edward, who - diction of the thane or baron, where ſhe was
was troubled with the invaſions of the Danes brought up, he was to enter into articles, that
during the whole of his reign, though his ſuc. “ nobody ſhould injure her. And on the other
ceſſes againſt them in the field were far from be 66 ſide, that in caſe ſhe ſhould do her huſband
ing unfrequent or inconſiderable.
any conſiderable damage, her friends were ob-
In the year 925, during the reign of Athelſtan, " liged to make him ſatisfaction."
who ſucceeded Edward, there was a great con Edmund, who was murdered in the year 946,
vention of the church and ſtate at London, left two ſons, minors, who, by the intrigues of
wherein many important regulations, for the Dunſtan, uſually called St. Dunſtan, confeffor to
good government of the kingdom, were reſolved their uncle Edred, were ſet aſide from the chrone
upon.
in favour of that prince: but on the death of
Conſtantine, king of Scotland, having invaded Edred, in the year 955, Edwy, the eldeft fon of
Northumberland in the year 938, Athelſtan Edmund, was advanced to the throne.
marched againſt him with a powerful army, and Edwy departing this life in the year 959, was
coming up with him at Brunanburgh, a terrible ſucceeded by his brother Edgar, during whore
battle enſued, which continued from morning till reign great nunibers of foreigners, attracted by
night, when Conſtantine being lain, victory de the report of the king's great abilities and wife
clared in favour of the Engliſh.
adminiſtration, reſorted to London, bringing with
To the intrepid valour of the Londoners, this them many vices and ill habits, and particularly
great conqueſt was chiefly owing; for their beha that of drunkenneſs, which at length became ſo
viour was valiant without deſcription : nor was exceſſive, that Edgar made a law to reſtrain thai
the king unmindful to reward their merit ; for, || vice, in which it was ordained that within every
by a law made ſoon afterwards reſpecting the drinking cup there ſhould be pins fixed at certain
coinage of money, the city of London was al diſtances, and if any perſon preſumed to drink
lowed eight coiners; whereas no other city or beyond the mark, he ſhould be liable to pay a
town in the kingdom, except Canterbury, had penalty.
near that number.
In the year 961, land ſold for no more than
) one
In the ſame year, a dread-
was ſituated in Adle-ſtreet, near Aldermanbury, ful malignant fever raged in the city of London,
which, from his reſiding there, is called King. || deſtroying great numbers of its inhabitants: and
Adle-ſtreet, in ſome of our ancient records. The St. Paul's cathedral was deſtroyed by fire.
Some writers are of opinion, that this camp or fortifi-
cation was at Hertford.
+ Part of the remains of theſe veffels, as planks, nail ,
&c. were diſcovered a few ġears ago, on the erecting the
preſent bridge at Stanſtead.
F
There

22
HISTORY .
and SURVER of LONDON.
There were at this time but few houſes within deed this ſeems to have been the real purchaſe of
the walls of London, and thoſe were ſcattered a the Danes abſence, becauſe in a former inſtance,
bout in a very irregular manner : the greater
even when leſs ſucceſs had attended their arms,
number of buildings being to the weſt of Lud they had been preſented with thirty-fix thouſand
gate.
pounds, as the conditions of their relinquiſhing
In the year 992, the Danes returned again to their conqueſts:
the coaſt of England; upon which king Ethelred, According to the value of money at that time,
to hinder their landing, fitted out a very large
this muſt have been a very dear purchaſe; buc
fleet in the port of London, the command of dear as this peace had been bought, it was of no
which he gave to the Ealdermen Thorod and Eal. long continuance; for Ethelred, with a barbarity
frick, and to two biſhops.
that does him infinite diſcredit, and a want of
The Engliſh fleet coming up with that of the policy that renders him contemptible, ordered
Danes, the traitor Ealfrick, on the evening of the all the Danes in England to be maſſacred, with
intended engagement, deſerted with his Thip to our diſtinction of age, ſex, or rank in life.
the enemy: but as ſoon as this was known, à Among thoſe who fell a ſacrifice to this ill-
lignal was made to purſue, and the Engliſh com judged piece of cruelty, was the princeſs Gunhild,
ing up with the rear of the Danes, took one of ſiſter to Sweyn king of Denmark, and her huſ-
their Chips; and a ſquadron of the Londoners band Palingus, who had become hoſtages for the
falling in with one of the enemy's ſquadrons, a preſervation of the peace ſo lately concluded.
deſperate engagement enſued, in which ſeveral This behaviour of Ethelred could not fail to
thouſands loft cheir lives, and the treacherous engage the reſentment of Sweyn, who in the year
Ealfrick narrowly eſcaped being taken.
1013 entered the river Humber with a numerous
In the year 994, Anlaf and Sweyn, kings of fleet of ſhips, and vowing vengeance and de-
Norway and Denmark, attacked London with a ſtruction, on the murderer of his countrymen, the
fleet of ninety-four ſhips; but the valiant citi people were terrified into a ſubmiſſion, and the
zens gave them ſo warm a reception, that they countries near the place of his landing furren-
were glad to raiſe the fiege: but full of revenge dered to him without oppoſition.
for the loſs they had ſuſtained, they committed Sweyn taking his rout to the ſouth, received
the moſt dreadful outrages in Middleſex, Effex,
the fubmiſſion of the inhabitants of Oxford and
Suffex, Kent and Hampſhire, murdering all that
Winchefter, from which laſt place he marched to
fell in their way, and burning their habitations to London, which he ſummoned to ſurrender : but
the ground.
the citizens were ſo animated by the preſence of
It may be matter of curioſity to take notice of their king, that they refuſed all terms of ſubmiſ-
the price of proviſions in the year 1000, when fion, and boldly fallying forth on the enemy, he
che price of an ot was only two fhillings and fix was foon compelled to raiſe the fiege.
pence, that of a cow two ſhillings, of a ſheep Sweyn, thus diſappointed in his attempt upon
one ſhilling, and of a ſwine eight pence.
the metropolis, marched into the weſtern parts of
The Danes, in the year 1009, having made an the kingdom, where all places, as he advanced,
incurſion as far as Oxford, burnt that city, and
ſubmitted to his power.
in their return therefrom committed the moſt All the kingdom having ſubmitted, except
fhocking devaſtations on each ſide of the river London, Sweyn prepared to make a freſh attack
Thames : but being informed that an army of the on that city : but whilft he was making the necef-
Londoners was marching to attack them, thoſe fary preparations for this enterprize, he was in-
on the north ſide of the Thames croſſed over formed that Ethelred had withdrawn himſelf
at Staines, and both parties being united, they from the capital : and the citizens, being deſerted
haſtened through the county of Surry to their || by their king, prudently ſubmitted to the con-
fhips on the coaſt of Kent; and having refitted queror; upon which Sweyn became king of
their veſſels, they wintered in the Thames, and England by conqueft, and was proclaimed in
made frequent attacks on the city of London,
London.
but they were conſtantly repulſed by the valour
Ethelred had retired to Normandy ; but upon
and military ſkill of the citizens.
the death of Sweyn which happened only a few
In the year 1011 the inhabitants of this king months after his elevation to the throne, the no.
dom were plunged into the utmoſt diſtreſs : for bility of England, and the citizens of London
all the countries about London being reduced by fent commiflioners to their former fovereign, who
the Danes, king Ethelred had no place of im returned to England and reaſſumed the reigns of
portance in his poffeffion but this city and Can government ; which however he held but a ſhort
terbury.
time; for dying in the year 1016, he was interred
In this deplorable ſituation, he ſhut himſelf up in the chancel of the old cathedral church of St.
in London, to which place he ſummoned a na-
Paul.
tional aſſembly, to aſk their advice in the preſent On the demiſe of Ethelred, the citizens of
exigency.
London proclaimed his eldeſt fon Edmund Iron-
If the authority of the Saxon annals may be ſide ; who was crowned king * by the archbiſhop
relied on, the council determined to give the of York, by the general conſent of the nobility
Danes eight thouſand pounds to leave the king and citizens,
dom ; but other writers inform us, that the ſum Though the young king appeared altogether
given was forty-eight thouſand pounds; and in worthy of the crown to which he was raiſed, yer
* This is the firſt mention of a coronation
performed in the city of London,
many

1
23
HISTORY and SURVer of LONDON
many of the nobility, and almoſt all the clergy, a ſufficient proof what a great proportion it then
deſerted his cauſe, and declaring in favour of || poffeffed of the whole national riches !
Cnut, or Canute, + not only proclaimed that Canute dying in the year 1036, a Witenia-ges
prince king of England at Southampton, ţ but mote, or convention of wiſe men, was held at
publicly abjured the whole race of Ethelred. Oxford, where earl Leoffic;' and moſt of the
The citizens of London, however, remaining thanes on the north of the river Thames, together
ſteady in their loyalty to the line of Ethelred, with the magiſtrates of London, made choice of
Canute, incenſed at this proof of their atrach Harold for their ſovereign; who immediately
ment, fitted out a powerful fleet, to reduce the taking poſeſſion of the whole kingdom, choſe
city : but on his arrival, he found he could not the city of London for the place of his reſidence.
pafs London-bridge, which the citizens, appre-
On the death of Harold, in the ġear 1039,
hending he would make ſuch an attempt, had commiſſioners were ſent from the nobility and ci-
ſtrongly fortified.
tizens of London, to his brother Hardicanute,
Hereupon Canute determined to beſiege the who was then at Bruges in Flanders, inviting him
city by water as well as by land ; in order to to come to England and accept the crown.
which he cauſed a cut or canal g to be niade thro' Hardicanute accepted the invitation ; but was
the marſhes on the ſouth ſide of the Thames, of no ſooner in poſſeſſion of the throne, than he dif-
a depth and breath ſufficient to convey his ſhips | patched proper perſons to dig up the body of his
to the weſt of London-bridge, that he might brother Harold, who was buried at Weſtminſter;
prevent all ſupplies from entering the city, either and cutting off his head, to throw both head and
by land or water.
body into the Thames.
The canal being finiſhed, and the ſhips con By this act of inhumanity; and Hardicanute's
veyed to the weſt ſide of the bridge, Canute in extreme partiality to the Danes, the Engliſh were
mediately aſſaulted the city with great fury: but ſo diſguſted with their ſovereign, that they re-
the citizens made fo gallant a reſiſtance, that folved on a reſtoration of the Saxon line whenever
Canute withdrew his army, leaving his ſhips; his death ſhould give them an opportunity.
which formed a kind of blockade.
Accordingly, on the death of Hardicanute,
Canute retiring to the weſt, Edmund, at the which happened in the year 1041, prince Ed-
head of his army, purſued him, and met with ward, furnamed the Confeffor, was recalled from
fo much ſucceſs in ſeveral battles, that Canute Normandy, and choſen king of England, in the
was obliged to relinquiſh all thoughts of conquer city of London, by the general voice of the
ing London, and gave orders for his ſhips to fail whole nation. Sotto
from the Thames.
Not long after Edward's elevation to the
After various trials for the ſuperiority, a peace throne, ſo dreadful a famine happened to this
was at length concluded between Edmund and kingdom, that wheat was ſold at five ſhillings the
Canute, by which the kingdom was divided be quarter ; a prodigious price at that time.
Iween them, and London becoming a part of A great council being held in the city of Lone
Canute's territories, he ordered his Reet into the don, in the ſixth year of the reign of king Ed-
Thames, and took up his winter quarters in this ward, it was therein reſolved to ſend out nine
city.
ſhips of war, to protect the coaſts of England
The death of Edmund, which happened foon againſt the piratical attacks of the Danes ; as five
after the making this peace, put Canute into pof other ſhips were to remain in port as guard-hips.
feffion of the whole kingdom ; for that prince, The court of Edward was crouded with his
fummoning a parliament to meet at London, they Norman friends and dependants, who having,
ſwore allegiance to him, and renounced and ab by many vile infinuations, exaſperated the ſove-
jured the ſons of Edmund.
reign againſt Godwin, earl of Kent, that noble.
Having thus obtained poſſeſſion of the throne, man was ſummoned to anſwer the charge againſt
Canute determined on a refined ſtroke of policy, him, before a great council aſſembled in London,
by ſending back his feet to Denmark, and dif to enquire into the truth of the allegations : but
banding his army, with a view to convince his Godwin, aſſured that no endeavours, however
fubjects that his fole reliance was on their affec unjuftifiable, would be left untried, to accom-
tions.
pliſh his deſtruction, refuſed to appear, unleſs
The parliament, then aſſembled at London, pledges were given for his fafe conduct: this,
were ſo pleaſed with this inſtance of his majeſty's || however, being denied, a proclamation was iſſued
confidence, that they granted him eighty-three to baniſh him the kingdom.
thouſand pounds, || for the purpoſe of carrying Godwin, reſolved at all events to provide for
this deſign into execution,
his own fecurity, having engaged many of the
Of this ſum, which was an immenſe one at principal citizens to eſpouſe his cauſe, foon raiſed
that time, ſeventy-two thouſand pounds were à conſiderable army; and fitted out a powerful
raiſed in the various parts of England, excluſive feet, with which he failed as high as London-
of London, and eleven thouſand in this city ; || bridge, and meeting with no oppoſition from the
*
+ Son of Sweyn, the late king of Denmark.
I Some writers ſay at Wincheſter.
Ś Some authors are of opinion, that the outflux of this
canal was a little below Rotherhithe, and its influx at the
lower end of Chelſea reach; while others, with greater
probability, ſuppoſe, from the great time and labour requi-
fite to finiſh fo large a work, that the cut commenced at
Dock-head, and by a much ſmaller winding, made its in-
flux cloſe above London bridge, at St. Saviour's Dock:-
for our part, we cannot heſitate to adopt the latter opinion.
|| By a careful compariſon of the prices of land and pro-
vifions in thoſe days, with the prices they now bear, this
fum could be very little, if any thing, inferior to a grant
of ten millions of our preſent currency.
* In the year 1043.
Londonerse

24
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Londoners, he paſſed through the arches on the The king was preparing to give battle to God-
Southwark fide, with an intention of attacking the win, and all ſeemed ripe for bloodſhed, when ma-
royal navy, which conſiſted of about fifty veſſels ny of the nobility, anxious to prevent a needlefs
then lying off Weſtminſter. *
effufion of blood, propoſed a compromife between
In the interim, Godwin's army having arrived the king and the earl, by which the latter was re-
in Southwark, was drawn up on the ſouth bank of ſtored to all his
ſtored to all his eſtates and honours, and the for-
the Thames where they made a very formidable mer engaged to diſmiſs all ſtrangers from places
appearance. or
of truft or profit in church or ſtate.
warto mo yana sladi stato molto
2 bin au 998 stisno nebol to 5
bar yilidon si ottanut sowanollimamo
SUCH A P T E R IV. De
on Sociensos
London ſubmits to William duke of Normandy, who grants two charters to the citizens. A
tranſlation of thoſe charters. The building of the white Square Tower of London. Account of
a dreadful hurricane, and fires in this city, with other remarkable events
. King Henry 1.
grants a charter. The Londoners declare for king Stephen. Queen Maud diveſts the city of
its privileges. London ſubmits to that queen. London again declares for king Stephen. The
great wickedneſs of many of the citizens.
O
N the death of Edward the confeffor, and was actually arrived in Southwark, when the
2000 which happened in the month of Janu Londoners fallied out upon him, and fought fo
ary 1066, Harold, ſon of earl Godwin, reſolutely, that though they were repulſed by five
ſeized the crown; but he had to maintain the hundred of the Norman horſe, yet William was
poffefſion by force of arms, againſt William convinced that they would not be eaſily frighted
duke of Normandy, who laid claim to the throne into a fubmiffion.
in conſequence of the laſt will of the late king, Thinking, therefore, that the winter ſeaſon,
and Sweyn king of Denmark, whoſe claim was which was now advanced, was an improper time
founded on his right of ſucceſſion from Canute. to lay ſięge to a place of ſo much importance, he
The Danes backed the pretenſions of their laid Southwark in afhes, and marched to reduce
monarch, by ſending a feet and army into the the weſtern counties, having firſt prevailed on the
river Humber, which laid ſiege to the city of clergy to eſpouſe his cauſe, and endeavour to en-
York; but being entirely routed by Harold, they gage the people in his intereſt.
were obliged to return to Denmark, after having Such was the influence of the clergy, that, ac-
fuſtained confiderable loſs. rixi sini cording to a celebrated hiſtorian, † they prevailed
Harold now turned his arms againſt the duke on the citizens to make an abject ſubmiſfion to
of Normandy, with whom he had a moſt bloody the conqueror.
battle near Haſtings in Suffolk, in which Harold * As ſoon as this defection of the citizens was
himſelf was Nain by an arrow ſhot through his left known to Edwin and Morchar, thoſe noblemeti
eye
into the brain, and almoſt his whole army was conſulted their own ſafety by retiring into the
cut in pieces. at bageab bis able
north of England; while the ſucceſsful William
Hereupon Edwin and Morchar, earls of Nor- began his march towards this city, into which he
thumberland and Mercia, who arrived ſafe in was received by the magiſtrates and principal ci-
London from the field of battle, propoſed to the tizens, who delivered to him the keys of the
citizens to place the crown upon the head of Ed- | city gates, acknowledged him their ſovereign,
gar Athreling, as the moſt effectual method to ſave and in conjunction with the nobility and gentry
the kingdom from falling a prey to the victorious entreated his acceptance of the crown.
Norman, and to extricate themfelves from their The example of the capital was followed by
prefent diſtreſſes
borilab za ditor the reſt of the kingdom, ſo that in a ſhort time
The public was greatly divided in its opinion | William was in peaceable poffeffion of the throne.
how to act in ſo critical a conjuncture; ſome being Preparations were now made for the corona-
for an immediate ſubmiſſion to the conqueror, tion of the new king, which was folemnized in
and others for taking the advice of Morchar and Weſtminſter abbey, on Chriſtmas-day, in the year
Edwin : but at length the latter party prevailing, 1066, by Aldred, archbiſhop of York.
a majority of the nobility and citizens declared William, doubtful of the attachment of a
for Edgar, and determined on defending the people who had fo tamely ſubmitted to his domi-
city againft the duke of Normandy.
nion, in prejudice to the right heir, gave orders
William, however, having authentic informa for the building of a ſtrong fortreſs in London,
tion of their proceedings, had marched to pre in order to preſerve, by the appearance of de-
vent their carrying their deſigns into execution, termined authority, what he had obtained by the
* It is evident that the ſhips of war muft at this time have
been very ſmall, as they could pass through the arches of
London-Bridge.
† Rapin.
Site 155
ſucceſs
osobne. I

Engraved for Chamberlains History of Sendon,
THAT
f
.
Wate) del
Grignion fordp.
Bishops and Citizens
and Cihzens e Imening Feally to
WILLIAM the CONQUEROR .

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
25
ries.
ſucceſs of his arms, and the fears of his adverſa The ſecond CHARTER of WILLIAM the con-
queror.
The conqueror having made his public entry « WILLIAM the king falutes WILLIAM the bi-
into London, and ſettled the mode of his govern " ſhop, and Sween the ſheriff, and all my
ment, made a viſit to his Norman dominions; and 66 Thanes $ in Eaſt Saxony ; whom I hereby ac-
on his return, in the year following, was received “ quaint, that, purſuant to an agreement, I have
in London by a ſolemn proceſſion, and with every |“ granted to the people my ſervants, the hide of
external token of acclamation and joy.
" land at Geddeſdune. And alſo that I will not
William, reſolving to conciliate the affections ci fuffer either the French or the Engliſh to hurt
of his new ſubjects rather by acts of favour than 66 them in any thing."
thoſe of ſeverity, granted a charter to the citizens
of London in the Saxon tongue; which, as the It is very extraordinary that this charter does
French language began then univerſally to pre not mention the perſons to whom the grant was
vail, was conſidered as an obligation of the high made : but our writers are of opinion that by the
eſt kind.
people, we are to underſtand the citizens of Lon-
This charter, of which the following is a faith don in a collective body; and that the hide of land
ful tranſlation, is carefully preſerved in the ar conveyed by this grant was at Gaddeſden in
chives of this city.
Hertfordſhire.
King William the conqueror having brought
The firſt CHARTER of WILLIAM the conqueror. with hin a conſiderable number of Jews, from
" William the king faluces William the bi Roan in Normandy, they ſettled in London, in
ſhop, and GODFREY the portreve, and all the the ward of Coleman Street, in a place which is
Burgefies within London, both French and known by the name of the Old Jury to this day.
6 Engliſh. And I declare that I grant you to be One of the greateſt fires which ever happened
“ all law-worshy, as you were in the days of king | in London was in the year 1077, which beſides
* Edward ; and I grant that every child ſhall be deſtroying the greater part of the city, had the
56 his father's heir, after his father's days: and I farther ill effect of creating an enmity between
65 will not ſuffer any perſon to do you wrong. the Engliſh and French, the former regarding
4. God keep you." +
the latter as the incendiaries; and this animoſity
increaſed ſo much, that the king, doubtful of the
There is preſerved in the fame box with the fidelity of the citizens, cauſed the preſent great
above recited charter, a ſecond, which was alſo white ſquare tower of London to be erected,
granted by king William the conqueror, to the with a view to awe them into obedience.
citizens of London; and this, as well as the for This tower was builc in the year 1079, under
mer, is written in their own language. This ſe the inſpection of Gundulph, biſhop of Rocheſter,
cord charter is very fairly written on a ſlip of who, according to ſome hiſtorians, was eſteemed
parchment, of the length of fix inches and a the greateſt architect of his
age.
half, and the breadth of three quarters of an This metropolis had ſcarcely riſen from the
inch; I the writing is quite legible, and in Eng aſhes of the dreadful fire abovementioned, when
lifh runs thus:
another confiagration broke out at Ludgate,
gone, the
66
• This charter is very fairly written in the Saxon charac-
ter, on a flip of parchment of the length of fix inches, and
breadth of one, and conſiſts of four lines and a quarter.
The feal of the charter is of white wax, but being broken
into feveral pieces, they are lewed up and carefully preſerved
in an orange-colour'd filken bag. On one fide is the con-
queror on horſeback; and, on the reverſe, he is fitting in a
chair of ſtate :-the rim of the ſeal being almoſt
only letters remaining are M. WILL.
+ The following are the remaiks of a learned and judi
cious antiquary on this charter. “1. The burgeſſes were
“ declared all to be law-worthy. 2. That their children
« ſhould be their heirs. Now there were two ways of be-
ing law-worthy, or having the benefit of the law. By the
" ſtate and condition of mens perſons ; ſo almoſt all freemen
He had the free benefit of the law; but men of ſervile con-
" dition had not, eſpecially ſuch as were in Dominio, in De-
“ meſne; for they received juſtice from their lords, were
judged by them in moſt caſes, and had not the true bene-
« fit of the law: fo neither as to the ſecond obfervation in
" this charter, could their children be their heirs, for they
«« held their lands and goods at the will of the lord, and
“ were not ſure to enjoy thern longer than they pleaſed him.
“ The fecond way of being law-worthy was, when men had
not committed any crimes, or done any thing for which
as they forfeited the law, and deſerved to be outlawed ; then
" they were ſaid to be legales homines, recti in curia or law.
worthy, but not ſo properly as in the firſt ſenſe of the
" word.
« From hence we may make a very probable conjecture at
** the meaning of this protection or charter. It is not to be
3
« doubted, but that the Burgeſſes of London had obtained
“ of the Saxon kings ſeveral liberties and immunities, a.
“ mongſt which this was one, to be fo far fiee, as not to be
“ in Dominio, or fo obnoxious to any lord, but that, by rea-
" ſon of their ſtate and condition, they might be law-wor.
thy, that is, have the free benefit of the law; and like.
v6 wiſe further (obtained, if it was not then a conſequent
“ of their perſonal eſtate and condition) that their children
" ſhould be heirs of their lands and goods, and in both
“ theſe were free from the injuries and unreaſonable demands
" and power of any fevere lord; ſo that all the application
“ made by their biſhop William, and not unlikely by God-
frey the portreve, to the conqueror for them, was, that
“ their ſtate and condition might be the ſame it was in king
“ Edward's days, that their children might be their heirs,
“ and that they might in both be protected froin the injury
“ and violence of imperious lords ; which by the prevalency
“ of their biſhop were granted. Conſidering therefore,
“ that by the foregoing inſtances it is clear, that many or
“ moſt burgeffes of other burgs were in Dominio, either of
“ the king, or ſome other lords or patrons in the time of
king Edward, and that the Londoners might fear the con-
queror would break in upon their privileges, and reduce
" them to the ſame condition ; this was a great privilege
“ obtained."
| The feal of this charter is likewiſe of white wax, but
being broken into ſeveral pieces, they are fewed up and pre-
ſerved in a filken bag. It is ſo much defaced, that ſomething
reſembling a gate, with ſome ſteeples or ſpires, is all that
can be now diſcerned of it.
§ The ancient word Thanes implies Nobles.
G
which

26
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
which conſumed the cathedral church of St. Paul, ſupplying bread for a meal for a hundred men,
and again rendered the greater part of the city a ſhould pay one ſhilling; inſtead of a ſheep, four
heap of ruins.
pence; and inſtead of oats for twenty horſes for
On the death of William the conqueror, which one night, four pence.
happened in the year 1087, the crown was placed The third charter we find granted to the city
on the head of his ſon William Rufus, to whom of London, was by this monarch; and the terms
the Jews preſented ſuch large fums, that, in a of it have always been conſidered as very advan-
ridiculous fit of gratitude, his majeſty encouraged tageous to the city. The following is a faithful
them to diſpute with the Chriſtians on the excel tranſlation of it.
lency of their reſpective faiths, promiſing that
himſelf would embrace the Jewiſh religion, pro “ Henry, by the grace of God, king of Eng-
vided they came off conquerors: but hiſtory does “ land, to the biſhop of Canterbury, and to the
not inform us that the debate was ever held.
biſhops and abbots, earls and barons, juſtices
In the month of November, in the year 1991, " and ſheriffs, and to all his faithful ſubjects of
a moſt dreadful hurricane happened in this city, “ England, French and Engliſh, greeting. Know
which blew down above fix hundred houſes, to ye, that I have granted to my citizens of Lon-
gether with many churches, and ſhattered the 66 don, to hold Middleſex to farm for three hun-
Tower of London very confiderably.
“ dred pounds, upon accompt to them and their
But the moſt extraordinary conſequence ariſing " heirs ; ſo that the faid citizens ſhall place as
from this hurricane was its blowing away the roof " ſheriff whom they will of themſelves, and
and part of the wall of the church of St. Mary « ſhall place whomſoever, or ſuch a one as they
le-bow, in Cheapfide, by the fall of which two men cs will of themſelves, for keeping of the pleas of
were killed: the roof was carried by the violence " the crown, and of the pleadings of the ſame,
of the wind to a conſiderable diſtance, where it " and none other ſhall be juſtice over the ſaid
fell with ſuch amazing force, that ſix of the raf " men of London ; and the citizens of London,
ters were forced above twenty feet deep into the - ſhall not plead without the walls of London for
ground, in almoſt the ſame poſition as they had any plea. And be they free from ſcot and
ſtood on the church. *
" lot, and daneguilt, and of all murder, and
A great part of this city was again deſtroyed none of them ſhall wage battle: and if any of
by fire in the year 1093, and this calamity was
" the citizens ſhall be impleaded concerning the
ſucceeded by a great ſcarcity of corn, and almoſt s pleas of the crown, the man of London ſhall
all kinds of the neceſſaries of life.
diſcharge himſelf by his oath, which ſhall be
In the year 1097, William Rufus impoſed adjudged within the city ; and none ſhall lodge
grievous taxes on his ſubjects throughout the
ct within the walls, neither of my houſhold, nor
kingdom, to defray the charges of rebuilding any other, nor lodging delivered by force.
London-bridge (which had been carried away by " And all the men of London ſhall be quit
a land-flood) of erecting a ſtrong wall round the
6 and free, and all their goods, throughout
Tower of London, and building Weſtminſter England, and the ports of the ſea, of and
hall as it now ſtands.
“ from all toll and paſſage and leftage, and all
In the year 1099, the river Thames, by an 66 other cuſtoms; and the churches and barons
extraordinary ſwelling of the ſea, was driven
" and citizens ſhall and may peaceably and quiet-
weſtward with ſuch violence, that it overflowed ly have and hold their ſokes with all their cuſ-
its banks in many places, by which ſeveral towns " toms; ſo that the ſtrangers that ſhall be
and villages were laid under water, many of the “ lodged in the fokes, ſhall give cuſtom to none
inhabitants were drowned, and the large eſtate of
" but to him to whom the foke appertains, or to
Godwin, earl of Kent, was encroached on by the « his officer, whom he ſhall there put: and a man
ſea, ſo that it could never afterwards be drained, cs of London ſhall not be adjudged in amercia-
but forms what is called the Godwin-Sands to this “ ments of inoney, but of one hundred ſhillings
day.
(I ſpeak of the pleas which appertain to money)
There happened, in the year 1114, ſuch an
« and further, there ſhall be no more miſkenning
amazing deficiency of water in the river Thames, w in the huſtings, nor in the folkemote, nor in
that numbers of people paſſed on dry ground be. any other pleas within the city; and the
low London-bridge, and through ſeveral of its huſtings may fit once in a week, that is to ſay,
arches.
“ on Monday: and I will cauſe my citizens tơ
William Rufus was ſucceeded on the throne “ have their lands, promiſes, bonds and debts
of England by his brother Henry the firſt, in the " within the city and without ; and I will do
twenty-ſixth year of whoſe reign there was ſo " then right by the law of the city, of the
dreadful a famine, that wheat was ſold at the high
« lands of which they ſhall complain to me:
price of fix ſhillings for a horſe load.
“ and if any ſhall take toll or cuſtom of any
King Henry, at another period of time, being
« citizen of London, the citizens of London in
niore in want of money to pay his army and his
" the city ſhall take of the borough or town,
domeſtic ſervants, than of proviſions to ſubſiſt
LG where toll or cuſtom was ſo taken, ſo much as
them, iſſued an order that his tenants, inſtead of
" the man of London gave for toll, and as he
* However incredible and aſtoniſhing this account may
appear, yet we have the united teſtimony of all our hiſtori-
ans to the truth of it; and before we haſtily determine
againſt it, we fould conſider that the ſtréets of London
were not paved in thoſe days, and that the ground whereon
the roof happened to fall, was of a ſoft and boggy nature,
which might eaſily be penetrated by ſo immenſe a weight.
« received

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
27
CC
so received damage thereby: and all debtors, 1 giſtrate of the city, ſtill continued in the power
56 which do owe debts to the citizens of London,
of the king.
" ſhall pay them in London, or elſe diſcharge King Henry the firſt dying in Normandy, Ste-
" themſelves in London, that they owe none; phen, earl of Bologn, nephew of the late king;
" but, if they will not pay the ſame, neither and grandſon, by the female line, to William
come to clear themſelves that they owe none, the Conqueror, privately haſtened to England,
" the citizens of London, to whom the debts where by the aſſiſtance of the archbiſhop of Can-
“ ſhall be due, niay take their goods in the city || terbury, and the biſhops of Wincheſter and Sa-
“ of London, of the borough or town, or of liſbury, he found means to poſſeſs himſelf of the
“ the county, wherein he remains, who ſhall owe throne, in prejudice to the empreſs Maud, or
66 the debt: and the citizens of London may Matilda, daughter of the late king, though theſe
" have their chaces to hunt, as well and fully as very eccleſiaſtics had folemnly ſworn to ſupport
« their anceſtors have had, that is to ſay, in the Matilda's claim.
66 Chiltre, and in Middleſex and Surry.
The advancement of Stephen to the throne,
s Witneſs the biſhop of Wincheſter, and Ro which happened in the year 1135, was productive
bert fon of Richard, and Hugh Piggot; and of a bloody war, by which the city of London
« Almer of Totneſs, and William of Albs ſuffered greatly; for theſe unconſcientious pre-
“ prima, and Hubert Roger, Chamberlaine, and lates artfully prevailed upon the citizens to re-
is William de Mountfitchett, and Hangul Taney, ceive Stephen into the city, and to eſpouſe his
so and John Ballet, and Robert ſon of Steward cauſe.
66 of Weſt."*
In the year 1136, a moſt dreadful fire broke
out near London-bridge, which it deſtroyed, and
This charter being an excellent ſecurity of the raging in a furious manner to the weſtward as
liberties of the citizens, they began to reduce far as St. Clement's Danes, cauſed the moſt hor-
their various cuſtoms into writing, to be thence rid devaſtation in its progreſs. +
forward obſerved as laws; and the members of The citizens of London, in the year 1139,
their arts and myſteries, which till this time had purchaſed of king Stephen the right of chuſing
been kept up only by preſcription, were now ef their own ſheriffs, for which they paid his ma-
tabliſhed into companies and fraternities; but || jeſty one hundred marks of ſilver.
the appointment of the portreve, or chief ma About the middle of the day on the 20th of
om
that part
* A former hiſtorian has the following obſervations on this
valuable charter.
1. The citizens had their ancient cuſtoms and immunities
confirmed to them, and likewiſe the county of Middleſex
added to their juriſdiction in fee-farm, without homage,
fealty, ſervice, or other conſideration, than a quit rent of
£300 per annum ; with a power of not only appointing a
heriff, but alſo a juiticiary from among themſelves, for
holding the pleas of the crown : beſides whom, in the reign
of the ſaid Henry, there appears to have been two other
officers, under the appellation of ſheriffs, who, together
with the former, accounted to the exchequer for the farm
of the city: the number of which officers were in a fluctu-
ating condition, till fixed in the time of Richard the firſt.
2. The conceſſion of Middleſex to the city was to prevent
that county's being any longer an aſylum for bank rupts,
cheats, and other fraudulent perſons ; who, having deſerted
London with the goods and effects of their creditors, lived
there fecurely in impunity, and open defiance of the injured.
3. The citizens valuable privilege, that they ſhould not
be compelled to plead without the walls of the city, was
granted them, that, if any citizen ſhould be impleaded or
proſecuted concerning pleas of the crown, he might purge
himſelf by an oath upon trial in the city.
4. The citizens by the ſaid charter were alſo exempt from
Scot, Lot, and Daneguild ; which were certain duties pay-
able to the king by all his ſubjects.
5. And to be free from all murder; that is, when any
murder ſhall happen in London, and the murderer or mur-
dereſs make his or her eſcape, then, and in ſuch caſe, the
city ſhall not be amerced for not producing the malefactor.
6. And none of them fhall wage battle :-In the Saxon
times, a perfon accuſed of a crime, whereof he could not
acquit himſelf by evidence, was obliged to challenge the
accuſer, and decide the ſame by a duel : this the citizens
juſtly regarding as an intolerable grievance, were exempt
therefrom by this charter.
7. That none of the king's houſhold, or other perſon,
ſhall take lodging in the city by force :--by this gracious
conceſſion the citizens got rid of a very great ſlavery; for,
before this grant, the king's domeſtics, and whom elſe he
pleaſed, were, by his arbitrary officer the portreve, quar-
tered upon them at diſcretion.
8. That the citizens, with their goods and merchandizes,
Thall in all parts and ſea-ports of the kingdom be exempt
from toll, paſſage and leſtage; that is; they ſhall not as for-
merly be liable to pay toll, at either fair or market, paffage
or ferriage for croſſing of rivers ; nor leſtage, a certain duty
paid in fairs and markets for each laft of mercantile com-
modities.
9. That the churches, barons and citizens ſhould peace.
ably enjoy their ſeveral ſokes ; that is, that the incumbent
of no pariſh ſhall be moleſted on account of the glebe, ok
other lands belonging to the cure; nor the aldermen in re-
ſpect of their wards, which then, being alienable, were
fold, aſſigned and conveyed, like other poſſeſſions; whereby
the purchaſer or purchaſers became an alderman or aldermen
of his or their reſpective purchaſes ; as is evident by an
eminent hiftorian : by whom it likewiſe appears,
of the aldermen's office at that time was, to aſſign proper
lodgings for ftrangers in their reſpective wards; for which
they or their deputies received a certain pecuniary reward.
10. That no citizen ſhall be amerced beyond his ware ;
that is, the price of his head or life, which was valued at
one hundred ſhillings.
11. There ſhall be no miſkenning in the huſtings, folke-
mote, or other pleas within the city : that is, no man ſhall
unjuſtly proſecute another in any of the city courts, by de-
ſerting his firſt plea, and aſſuming another ; and, for the
more regular and better diſtribution of juſtice, the court of
huitings is weekly to ſit on Monday.
12. That the citizens ſhall enjoy their properties, both
real and perſonal, according to the conſtitutions of the city;
and whatſoever city, town or place ſhall extort toll or cuſ-
tom from any of them, they are by the ſaid charter empow-
ed to make repriſals in London, upon the inhabitants of
ſuch city, town or place where the ſame was exacted.
13. Upon the remiſſneſs of country debtors, in making
proper payments, or in default of adjuſting accounts with
the Londoners, they are impowered to attach the effects of
all ſuch defaulters in London, for the diſcharge of their reſa
pe&tive debts.
14. And the city privileges of hunting are confirmed in
as ample a manner as their predeceſſors ever enjoyed the
fame in the counties of Middleſex and Surry, and the
Chiltern.
+ The above is the account of this fire by Matthew of
Weſtminſter; but Stow ſays, that “ it began in the houſe
" of one Ailward, near London-Stone, and conſumed all
" the way eaſt to Aldgate, and weft to St. Erkenwald's
« ſhrine in St. Paul's cathedral; both which it deſtroyed,
together with London-brige, which was then of wood."
March
28
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
4

March 1140, there was a total eclipſe of the " with the cowardly barons, who had deſerted
ſun; and ſuch was the ignorance of the people " their king in battle.
in that age, that the citizens were in the utmoſt Notwithſtanding all the arguments of the le-
conſternation, from a ſuppoſition that the world gate, the citizens could by no means be induced
was almoſt at an end. How much are we oblig to abandon Stephen, to whom they had ſworn obe-
ed to modern improvements in phyloſophical and dience.
aſtronomical knowledge, that even the loweſt of Hereupon the empreſs, who foreſaw the diffi-
our people are now freed from thoſe needleſs ter culty of eſtabliſhing herſelf on the throne, with
rors and apprehenſions, with which the minds of out the concurrence of the Londoners, entered
our anceſtors were agitated.
into a treaty with them, and took up her reſi.
The army of king Stephen being routed, and dence at St. Alban's, to waic the event of their
himſelf made priſoner by the empreſs Maud, ſhe deliberations.
reſolved to wreak her vengeance on her enemies; The city was now divided into different fac-
and as ſhe looked upon the Londoners as her moſt tions, one of which was for adhering to the in:
inveterate foes, the granted to Geffrey, earl of tereſt of king Stephen, and the other for ſubmit-
Effex, all the poffeſfions which his grandfather, ting to Maud, but the latter prevailing, the city
his father, or himſelf, had held of the crown, in was at length ſurrendered to her, and ſhe was
lands, tenements, caſtles and bailiwicks; among received therein with great pomp and folem-
which were the Tower of London, and the ſhe nicy.
riffwicks of London and Middleſex, which the The empreſs having ſucceeded to the height of
grand father of the earl had held, at a fee-farm her expectations, began to treat her ſubjects in
rent of three hundred pounds per annum. general, and the Londoners in particular, with
Maud likewiſe granted to the ſaid earl Geffrey the greateſt arrogance ; and when the latter re-
the office of juſticiary of London, and of the queſted her to reſtore to them the laws of king
county of Middleſex; ſo that without his ſpecial Edward, and to eaſe them of part of the taxes
licenſe, no perſon could hold pleas either in the with which they were loaded, ſhe told them
city or county.
with the utmoſt diſdain, that as they had here-
By this compact, which was a direct violation tofore eſpouſed the cauſe of her enemy, they
of the charter granted by king Henry, the citi mult expect no favour at her hands.
zens of London were deprived of ſome of their This ipfolent behaviour had ſuch an effect on
moſt important privileges.
che citizens, that they entered into a conſpiracy
King Stephen was now deſerted by many of his to ſeize her perſon, which would certainly have
former adherents, and in particular by thoſe very been accompliſhed, had lhe not privately with-
eccleſiaſtics who had been the chief inſtruments drawn herſelf from the city, in conſequence
of his advancement to the throne: for the biſhop
of information ſhe had received of their inten.
of Wincheſter (who was brother to king Stephen)
tions.
being at this time the pope's legate in England, It was no ſooner publicly known that the em-
having obtained from the empreis Maud a ſolemn preſs had fled, than the populous aſſembled, and
promiſe, ratified by an oath, that all the moſt plundered her palace, and at length, by the pow-
important affairs both in church and ſtate ſhould erful aſſiſtance of the citizens of London, the
be left to his direction, he forgot the oath of fide was obliged to fly the kingdom, and king Stephen
lity he had taken to king Stephen, and in a ſo was reſtored to the throne.
lemn aſſembly of the nobility and clergy, receiv. Previous however, to the empreſs's leaving the
ed the empreſs into the city of Wincheſter, and kingdom, ſhe beſieged the caſtle of Wincheſter,
conducted her to the cathedral, where he pro but the citizens of London, and many of the
nounced ſentence of excommunication againſt all barons of the kingdom, marched againſt her,
the adherents of Stephen, and abſolved ſuch of and obliged her to raiſe the fiege, after ſhe had
his friends as would join the empreſs's party.
fuſtained conſiderable loſs.
The legate having fummoned a general con The caſtle of Farringdon in Berkſhire, being
vention of the clergy to meet at Wincheſter, || occupied by the friends of Maud, king Stephen
propoſed to them to recognize Maud as queen of headed the citizens of London, who marching
England; and the whole council tacitly acceded againſt it, ſoon took it by ſtorm.
to this propoſal.
In the year 1145, the price of an ox in London
However, they poſtponed coming to a final re was three ſhillings: and we are told that in the
ſolution, till the arrival of the magiſtrates of year 1150 the ſummer proved ſo extremely wet,
London, who had been ſummoned to this con that a dearth almoſt equal to famine enſued ; and
vention: and theſe arriving on the ſecond day of the winter of this year was remarkable for a ſe-
the convention, inſtead of concurring with the vere froſt, which commenced on the ninth of De-
ſentiments of the legate, earneſtly recommended cember, and continued till the beginning of
the releaſe of king Stephen, as a circumſtance March, during a great part of which time the
much deſired by the nobility reſiding in London, Thames was frozen ſo hard, as to admit of carts
as well as by a great majority of the citizens. and other carriages paſſing over the ice.
In anſwer to this the legate advanced many ar In the year 1158, the fourth year of king
guments in defence of Maud's right to the crown, Henry the ſecond, the citizens of London paid
and concluded by obſerving that “it ill became the king one thouſand and forty-three pounds,
“ the citizens of London, who made fo reſpec which we apprehended to have been a gift
“ table a figure in the kingdom, to take part from the city, to prevent its being tallaged,
In

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
29
In the ſame year there happened fo remarkable This banditti having attempted one night to
a deficiency of water in the river Thames, that rob the houſe of an eminent citizen, the owner
the citizens paſſed through the bed of the river cut off the right hand of the firſt that entered,
on foot, without being wet.
and ſome neighbours coming to his aſſiſtance, the
In the reſpective years 1159, 1170, 1172, and reſt of the gang made their eſcape.
1173, the citizens of London made the king the The perſon who was diſabled, on the promiſe
following free gifts, viz. one thouſand marks ; of a pardon, made a full diſcovery of his ac-
fix hundred and fixty ſix pounds, thirteen ſhillings complices, among whom was one Senex, a weal-
and four-pence; and a farther ſum of ſix hundred thy citizen, who lived in the higheſt degree of
and fixty-ſix pounds, thirteen ſhillings and four reputation. It air
pence, for each of the two latter years.
This man being apprehended, was brought to
In the year 1175, the degeneracy of the citi his trial and convicted; whereupon he offered
zens of London arrived at a greater height than five hundred pounds of filver for his pardon ;
perhaps at any period before or ſince: for it was which, according to the value of money at that
then no unuſual thing, for the fons of the richeſt time, was a full proof of his great riches : but
and moſt reſpectable citizens, to form combina the offer was rejected, and Senex met with the
tions for the horrid purpoſes of robbery and mur reward of his crinies, being hanged, as a terror
der.
to other offenders.
CH A P T E R V.
Account of the firſt building of London-bridge, and of the burning of the wooden-bridge.
An architect for building the ſtone bridge recommended by king Jobn. Account of London-
bridge in its ancient and modern ſtate, including every curious particular relative to that an-
cient
ſtructure.
T
T is ſomewhat doubtful at what period of
time the ancient wooden bridge of London
was firſt erected; we ſhall therefore give the
opinion of various writers, and leave the reader
to form his own opinion.
Stow, in his ſurvey of London, quotes the
authority of Bartholomew Linſted, alias Fowle,
the laſt prior of St. Mary Overie's church, in
Southwark, in the following words : “ A ferrie
“ being kept in the place where now the bridge
“ is builded ; at length the ferriman and his wife
“6 deceaſing, left the ſame ferrie to their only
daughter, a maiden, named Marie, which,
«s with the goods left by her parents, as alſo with
" the profits ariſing of the ſaid ferrie, builded a
" houſe of lifters, in a place where now ſtandeth
" the eaſt part of St. Mary Overie's church, abore
" the queere, where ſhe was buried ; unto the
« which houſe ſhe gave the overſight and profits
*6 of the ferrie : but afterwards the ſaid houſe of
« fifters being converted into a college of prieſts,
“ the prieſts builded the bridge of timber, as all
“ other the great bridges of this land were : and
from time to time kept the ſame in good repa-
«rations; till at length, conſidering the great
“ charges of repairing the ſame, there was, by
ayd of the citizens of London, and others, a
bridge builded with arches of ſtone.”
A more modern writer, who does not appear
to credit a word of this ſtory, ſays that, “ to con-
“'vince poſterity of the truth of this relation,
" the prior ought by fome authoșity, firſt to have
« ſhewn, that there anciently was a nunnery in
" that neighbourhood, and when and by whom
at the ſame was turned into a college of prieſts.”
The ſame author likewiſe expreſſes his doubts
whether there ever was any religious houſe in
Southwark before the conqueft : and he ſays that,
after the ſtricteft ſearch, he could not diſcover,
either by record or tradition, other than that of
the abovementioned Linſted, that there ever was
ſuch a place in thoſe parts before that time :
“ For (continues he) the firſt religious houſe we
C read of on chat ſide the river, within the bill
“ of mortality, was the convent of Bermondſey,
“ founded by Alwin Child, a citizen of London,
" in the year 1032; * and the ſecond in that
neighbourhood was the priory of St. Mary
“ Overy's, founded by William Giffard, biſhop
“ of Wincheſter, in the reign of Henry the
66 firſt.”
In oppoftion to this opinion, a ſtill later writer
obſerves, that the author “ in this place relies on
“ the authority of Dugdale: but biſhop Tanner,
us in his Notitia Eccleſiaſtica, is clear that this
antiquarian was miſtaken ; and is of opinion,
" that Stow's account, making biſhop Giffard
no more than a good benefactor, and aſcribing
“ the building of the body of the church
“ to him, is right: and though biſhop Tan-
ner confeſſes that nothing had occurred to
“ him in any book, printed or manuſcript, to
ſupport the contrary, except that of Stow, he
gives us
an extract from Doomſday-book,
“ which ſeems to imply the truth of a nonaſtic
foundation on this ſituation."
Linſted, the prior, having informed us, that
the wooden bridge was not only erected, but
kept in repair by the college of prieſts: a late
writer on the contrary, ſays, “ It is is evident that
CG
* This was the fixteenth year
of the
reign of William the Conqueror.
H
3
the

30
HISTORY and SURVEY of LO DO N.
“ the ſaid bridge was ſupported at a public
charge, as appears by a charter of Henry che
“ firſt, granted to Ralph, biſhop of Chicheſter,
“ &c. for exempting the manor of Alceſtone,
" and other lands (given by the conqueror to the
« abbot and canons of Battle in Suflex) from
" being charged to the work of London-bridge."
This charter is as follows:
dated in the third year of the reign of king John,
in which that monarch recommends to the mayor
and citizens of London, one Iſenbert; as a pro-
per perſon to compleat the ſaid bridge : and the
following is a faithful tranſation of the ſaid letter.
" John, by the grace of God, king of Eng-
6 land, &c. to his faithful and beloved the mayor
, greeting.
Henry, king of England, to Ralph, biſhop" an considering how the Lord in a fhort time
c ed.
CO
“ of Chicheſter, and all the miniſters of Suſſex, “ hath wrought in regard to the bridges of
“ ſendeth greeting : Know ye, &c. I command « Xaintes and Rochelle, by the great care and
© by my kingly authority, that the manor called “ pains of our faithful, learned and worthy
“ Alceſtone, which my father gave with other clerk, Iſenbert, maiter of the ſchools of Xainc-
« lands to the abbey of Battle, be free and quiet tes; we therefore, by the advice of our reve-
s from ſhires and hundreds, and all other cuſtoms “ rend father in Chrift, Hubert, archbiſhop of
“ of earthly ſervitude, as my father held the ſame " Canterbury, and that of others, have deſired,
“ moſt freely and quietly; and namely, from " directed and enjoined him to uſe his beft endea-
• the work of London-bridge, and the work of “ vours in building your bridge, for your bene-
" the caſtle of Peverſey : and this I command “ fit and that of the public : for we truſt in the
“ upon my forfeiture. Witneſs William de " Lord that this bridge ſo neceſſary for you, and
66 Pontlearche at Berry.
“ all who ſhall paſs the ſame, will, through his
« induſtry and the divine bleſſing, ſoon be finih-
Hereupon our author argues, that as it appeared
Wherefore, without prejudice to our
only ſome religious foundations were exempt from right, or that of the city of London, we will
the work of this bridge, and that even thoſe were " and grant, that the rents and profits of the ſea
exempted by charter, it is manifeſt that all civil bo us veral houſes, that the ſaid maſter of the ſchools
dies and incorporations were liable to contribute • ſhall cauſe to be erected upon the bridge afore-
towards the repairs thereof; and that confequently, “ faid, be for ever appropriated to repair, main-
Linſted, and thoſe who adopt his ſentiments, are “ tain, and uphold the ſame. And ſeeing the
wrong in aſcribing the honour of fo public a neceſſary work of the ſaid bridge cannot be
work to a ſmall ſociety of religious perſons, accompliſhed without your aid and that of
whereas it is much more probable, that as they “ others; we charge and exhort you kindly to
had been formerly ſupported by the ferry from « receive and honour the above-named Iſenbert,
London to Southwark, that they only gave their " and thoſe employed by him, who will perform
conſent to the building of the bridge, on being every thing to your advantage and credit, ac-
allowed an equivalent for the loſs of the ferry. cording to his directions, you affording him
Upon the whole, this author is of opinion, your joint advice and affiftance in the premiſes.
that the firſt wooden bridge at London was erect " For whatever good office or honour you ſhall
ed in the reign of king Ethelred, between the " do to him, you ought to eſteem the ſame as
years 993 and 1016, in the latter of which Ca.
66 done to us.
But ſhould any injury be offered
nute, king of Denmark, cauſed a large canal to 66 to the faid lfenbert, or to the perſons employed
be made on the ſouth ſide of the river Thames, " by him (which we do not believe there will)
for conveying his ſhips to the weſt ſide of the “ ſee that the ſame be redreſſed, as ſoon as it
bridge, as hath been already obſerved in a note, comes to your knowledge. Witneſs myſelf at
on the 2 3d. page of this work.
• Molinel, the eighteenth day of April.”
This wooden bridge was in a great meaſure de-
ſtroyed by fire in the year 1136, and notwith Notwithſtanding this royal recommendation of
ſtanding the reparations then made, it was in ſo Iſenbert, it does not appear that the citizens ac-
ruinous a condition in the year 1163, that it was cepted his ſervices towards the rebuilding their
thought neceſſary to build a bridge of ſtone; the bridge; for none of our hiſtorians make mention
ſuperintendance of which was given to Peter, of him as the architect, and it is well known
the curate or miniſter of St. Mary Colechurch, that, after the death of Peter of Colechurch, the
who was then a perſon of the higheſt reputation care of this great work was committed to Serle
for his ſkill in architecture.
Mercer, William Almaine, and Berrediet Bote-
The ancient wooden-bridge abutted on Bo write, merchants of this city, under whoſe inſpec-
tolph's wharf; but the new bridge of ſtone was tion the firſt ſtone bridge was compleated in the
ordered to be built a little farther to the weſt-
year 1209.
ward; and a tax upon wool having been granted, When the building of the bridge was finiſhed,
towards defraying the expence of this great un there was a chapel erected thereon, which was
dertaking, a vulgar error aroſe from that circum dedicated to St. Thomas, and endowed for two
ſtance, that the bridge was built upon woolpacks. || prieſts and four clerks.
It appears from undoubted authority, that This chapel was erected on the eaſt ſide of the
either through death, or the infirmities attendant bridge, on the ninth pier from the north end, and
on a very advanced age, Peter, the curate of was ſixty feet long, twenty feet and a half wide,
Colechurch, was prevented from finiſhing the and fourteen high.
great work he had undertaken ; for among the Beſide the entrance from the bridge, there was
records in the Tower of London there is a letter, another from the river, and both of them were
elegantly

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
31
66
elegantly paved with black and white marble. “ done them, that ye make them amends without
There was a handſome fepulchral monument in 66 delay: and that; when the ſaid keepers, or
the middle of the chapel; under which it is " their meffengers, ſhall apply for your aſſiſtance
imagined that Peter of Colechurch was buried. is in the repairs of the faid bridge, ye ſhall
A commodious dwelling houſe having been có chearfully contribute thereto, according to
built over this chapel, it was occupied from time your reſpective abilities. And let each of you
to time, by various perſons in trade; and the laſt ſtrive to out-run the other in ſuch great works
tenants, before the total demolition of the houſes " of charity; for which ye muſt reeds merit of
on London Bridge, were Wright and Gill, whole 66 God, and have our thanks. In witneſs where-
ſale ſtationers, by whom this venerable old chapel 66 of, &c. witneſs the king at Walfingham, the
was converted into a warehouſe.
6 eighth day of January."
By a ſurvey of the Bridge made in the year 1730;
it appeared that the exterior part of the founda This method of raiſing money not proving
tion, on which the ſtone piers are laid, conſiſted ſufficient to defray the expentes attending ſo large
of huge piles of timber, driven cloſe together, on a work, his majeſty, in the year following, grant-
the top of which were laid large planks ten inches ed his letters patent for the taking a toll
, to be
in thickneſs, whereupon the baſes of the ſtone applied to the purpoſe of repairing the bridge ;
piers were laid, three feet below the ſterlings, of which we have ſubjoined a tranſation.
and nine feet above the bed of the river.
It likewiſe appeared that the lowermoſt layers The king to his mayor of London, &c. greeting:
of the original ſtones, were placed with pitch in * Whereas lately, by reaſon of the ſudden
ſtead of mortar, which we imagine was done si ruin of London Bridge, we commanded, that,
with a view of preventing the water from da affociating to you two or three of the moſt
maging the work till it was advanced above the 6 diſcreet and loyal men of the city aſoreſaid, ye
high water mark; for the modern method of “ ſhould take unto our parliament after Eaſter
building within a caiſſoon, as hath been ſuccefl " next paſt, for the ſupply of the reparation of
fully practiſed at the erecting of the bridges at " the aforeſaid bridge; a certain cuſtom; as in
Weſtminſter and Blackfriars, was then totally as theſe letters patents, which we have cauſed to
unknown.
«« be made from that time to you, more fully is
In the year 1280, which was but about ſeventy “ contained : we, being willing that the taking
years after this ſtone bridge was compleated, it «c of the ſaid cuſtoms be continued longer, com-
was found to be in ſuch a ruinous condition, that 6 mand you, that from the feaſt of Margaret the
king Edward I. in the ninth year of his reign, virgin next coming, unto the end of three years
granted to the keeper of the bridge, his licence next following, to be completed, ye take the
to folicit the charitable donations of his ſubjects, “ under-written cuſtom of the aforeſaid bridge :
towards keeping the fame in repair.
" to wit, of every man on foot bringing merchan-
66 dize, or other things ſaleable, and paſſing over
The following is a faithful tranſlation of this " the ſaid bridge, and he taking himſelf to other
royal brief or licenſe.
parts, as aforeſaid, with merchandize, or other
“ The king, to all his baliffs, and liege ſub « faleable things, one penny: of every ſaleable
" jects, to whom theſe preſents ſhall come, greet pack, carried and palling over the bridge one
ing. It hath been lately repreſented unto us, « half-penny, nor will we, in the mean time,
os and it grieves us to fee, that London Bridge " that any thing be taken there on this occaſion,
of is in ſo ruinous a condition, that, unleſs it be « but in the ſubſidy of the reparation of the
“ ſpeedily repaired, it muſt inevitably fall down; " bridge: and our will is, that the foreſaid
es and the great number of inhabitants dwelling “ cuſtom ſhall ceaſe, and become void, at the
to thereon are in great danger of being deſtroyed: “ full end and term of three years. Witneſs the
" and that the work, which, taken in time, king at Cheſter, the fixth day of July."
" may now be prevented from falling, ſhall for
want of ſufficient help be reduced to ſo wretch It may ſeem extraordinary that the bridge
« ed a condition, as not to be recovered out of ſhould be in fo decayed a condition within ſo
its ruins. Wherefore we, who are bound to ſhort a time after its being built ; but this was
66 take care of, and by all gentle means to pro partly owing to a dreadful fire, which breaking
6 vide for, both the public and private good, out in Southwark, burnt a part of St. Mary
66 and affectionately to embrace thoſe whom we Overy's church, and a ſtrong fouth wind driving
" perceive to be in need of our aſſiſtance, and the flakes of fire to the north ſide of the bridge;
“ to receive them under our royal protection : prevented the return of great numbers of people
" we command and require you, that, when the who had run from London to aſſiſt in extinguiſh-
“ keepers of the ſaid coſtly bridge aforeſaid, or ing the fire in Southwark; and while they were
«t their meſſenger, or agent, ſhall come to you, attempting to get back through the flames at the
“ authorized by our ſpecial licence and protec north end of the bridge, the fire had extended
• tion, to collect every where throughout our from the borough of Southwark to the ſouth end
66 realm the affiſtance of our pious and well-dif of the bridge, ſo that more than three thouſand
• poſed ſubjects, you do admit them friendly at perſons either periſhed in the flames, or were
“ the contemplation of God, and in regard of drowned by the overſetting of boats and other
« charity, and for ſhew of devotion, on this be veſſels, which went to aſſiſt them.
« half; not bringing on them, or permitting to A very ſevere froſt, accompanied by a deep
“ be brought, wrongs, noleftations, loſs, hin ſnow, in the year 1282, produced ſuch prodigi.
« drance, or grievance : any, if and damage be o us foods and immenſe loads of ice, that five
arches

32
HISTORY and SURDer of LONDON
65
30 sati
arches of the bridge were broken down and de-
«s coaches, and other carriages over Londoti
ftroyed; which, with the abovementioned ac-
“ bridge, whereby the common paffage there
cident of fire, eaſily accounts for the bad condi-
" is greatly obſtructed, doth ſtrictly order and
tion of the bridge, and the great need it had of
"injoin (purſuant to ſeveral former orders made
repairs.
" by this court, for prevention of thoſe miſa
The reaſon of the crown interpoſing in the “ chiefs) that three ſufficient and able perſons be
reparation of the bridge, appears from the fol so appointed, and conſtantly maintained; one by
lowing circumſtances: king John having taken
" the governors of Chriſt's-Hoſpital, one by the
the cuſtody of the bridge from the mayor of Lon inhabitants of the ward of Bridge within, and
don, and given it to Friar Weſt, his royal ſuc " the other by the Bridge maſter: which three per-
ceffors claimed the diſpoſal of it, and in the year ſons are to give their diligent and daily attend-
1269, king Henry III. granted the cuſtody there-
ance at each end of the bridge, and by all good
of, with the liberties, and all matters thereto ap means to hinder and to prevent the ſaid incon-
pertaining, to his queen confort, who made no
veniences; and for that purpoſe to direct and
fcruple of applying to her own uſe all the profits take care chat all carts, coaches, and other, car-
áriſing therefrom, while ſhe permitted the bridge riages coming out of Southwark into this city,
to run to ruin.
do keep all along on the weít ſide of the faid
In the reign of king Edward I. the citizens “ bridge ; and all carts and coaches, and other
exhibited their complaint to the judges itinerant Carriages going out of this city, do keep all
at the Tower, afferring their right to the cuſtody " along on the eaſt ſide of the ſaid bridge ; and
of the bridge, which at length, by the moſt un " that no carman be ſuffered to ſtand acroſs the
wearied perſeverance, they recovered.
faid bridge, to load or to unload, and that
There was antiendly a tower on the north-ſide they ſhall apprehend all ſuch who ſhall be re-
of the draw-bridge, which was firſt erected in the fractory, or offend herein, and carry them be-
year 1426 and was built for the purpoſe of reſiſt us fore ſome of his majeſty's juſtices of peace
for
ign the attempts of an enemy.
" this city and liberries, to be dealt with accorde
By a careful admeaſurement made in the year ing to law. And further, to prevent the afore-
1725, it appeared that the length of the bridge's latior of the tolls upon this the ſaid bridge ſhall
“ ſaid obſtructions, it is ordered, That the col-
was nine hundred and fifteen feet and one inch,
the height of it forty three feet and ſeven inches, take care that the ſaid duties be collected with-
and the breadth of it twenty feet, excluſive of out making a ſtay of the carts, for which the
the houſes on each ſide, which, together, occupied
“ fame is to be paid.”
a ſpace of fifty three feet, ſo that the whole
breadth of the bridge was ſeventy three feet. In the year 1725, a fire breaking out at a
On the thirteenth of February in the year 1632, bruſh-makers, greatly damaged the gate at the
a dreadful fire broke out at a needle-makers near ſouth end of the bridge, and deſtroyed ſeveral of
St. Magnus church, which burnt down two and the neighbouring houſes. This gate was after-
forty houſes on the bridge, an accident which was wards rebuilt with ſtone, with two pofterns for
in a great degree owing to a ſcarcity of water,
the convenience of foot paſſengers, and was com-
the Thames being almoſt frozen over at the pleated in the year 1728, at the expence of the
time.
city.
The bridge remained in this ruinous condition The want of a proper foot-path over the bridge
for ſeveral years; but at length, in the year 1645 having occaſioned the loſs of many lives, from
and 1646, ſeveral houſes, on the north ſide of the great number of carriages conſtantly paſſing
the bridge, were rebuilt with timber, in a ſtrong over it, and the building leaſes being at length
and handſome manner.
expired, a plan was projected for rebuilding the
By the terrible conflagration which laid this city ſtreet over the bridge, with colonades on each
in ruins in the year 1666, moſt of the houſes on ſide, ſo that the paſſengers might be ſheltered from
the bridge were again deſtroyed, and the ſtone the inclemencies of the weather, at the ſame time
work received fo much damage, that it coſt fif that they were protected from any danger that
teen hundred pounds to repair it, before the hou might ariſe from the number of horſes and car-
ſes could be rebuilt.
riages.
In the year 1582 a water engine at London Not long afterwards a part of this plan was
bridge for the purpoſe of ſupplying the city of carried into execution, beginning at the north-
London with water, was erected under the inſpec eaſt end; and the advantages reſulting from this
tion of Peter Morrice, a Dutchman, which hav. alteration were ſo great, that a wiſh to ſee the
ing been conſiderably improved ſince that time, whole completed univerſally prevailed.
by the care of ſeveral ingenious perſons, is at At length, in the year 1746, the Lord-mayor,
this time thought to be the beſt engine of the aldermen, and common council, taking into their
kind in the world.
conſideration the number of lives that were loft
In the year 1722 the Lord-mayor, aldermen, by the narrowneſs of the arches, which took up
and common council of this city, publiſhed the a fourth part of the bed of the river, and octa-
following order, to preſerve a free paſſage over fioned a fall of five feet at low-water; and like-
the bridge.
wiſe the great expence of repairing the bridge,
which had coft no leſs than two thouſand pounds
« This court being ſenſible of the great in per annum for ſeveral years paſt, they reſolved to
« conveniences and miſchiefs which happen by take down all the houſes on the bridge, and to
“ the diſorderly leading and driving of cars, , widen and enlarge one or more of the arches.
Tho.

HISTORT and SURV er of LONDÔN.
33
this place.
The court therefore gave orders to their fur An act of parliament was foon obtained, which
veyor to draw a plan, and make out an eſtimate enabled them to provide for the expence, by col-
of the expence of the intended work; which || lecting a toll for every horſe and carriage that
being done, the whole amounted to £95,000. paſſed over the bridge; till the principal and in
It was now immediately reſolved not to grant tereſt of the money that ſhould be borrowed and
or renew any leaſe or leaſes of the houſes, but to laid out upon it, ſhould be repaid.
let the unexpired leaſes run out, and the houſes In a ſhort time after the paſſing of the act, or-
of courſe run to ruin.
ders were given for taking down the houſes on
Indeed Sir Chriſtopher Wren and Sir John both ſides of the bridge to a conſiderable diſtance
Evelyn, had offered a plan of this kind, ſoon after
north of the gate.
the great fire in the year 1666; both thoſe gentle. The houſes and arches that extended acroſs the
men propoſing, inſtead of houſes on the bridge,bridge being taken down, a ſtrong temporary
to erect a ſtrong balluftrade on each ſide of it. bridge of wood was, with the moſt aſtoniſhing
The remarks of a gentleman who publiſhed a expedition, erected upon the weſtern ſterlings of
" Review of the public buildings of London” the old bridge, for the paſſage of carriages, as
fome
years ago, are well worthy to be inſerted in well as of horſemen and perſons on foot, till the
propoſed alterations ſhould be made; and in the
“As ſome people (ſays he) are ignorant enough
month of October, 1757, this temporary bridge
to admire the bridge merely becauſe it is en was opened, and found to be extremely ſafe and
“ cumbered with houſes from end to end; it will convenient.
not be amiſs to obſerve, that nothing can be But when the pavement of the old bridge was
nore ridiculous than this invention; nothing taken up, and an opening made into the cavities
can poſſibly offend the eye more, or extinguiſh of all the piers; when ſome of them were taken
« ſo many beauties as might take place, in caſe down almoſt to the edge of the water, and all
“ this popular nuſance was removed : ſuppoſe the ſpace on which the houſes had ſtood was a
“ the preſent ſtructure of the bridge was ſtill to
confuſed heap of ruins, the temporary bridge
" continue as it is, there would, at leaſt, be room burſt ſuddenly into a fame, and was totally de-
er for a magnificent breaſt-work and balluftrade ſtroyed.
" above, and the top would afford one of the This fire began about eleven o'clock in the
66 fineſt proſpects in the world : on one hand a night of the eleventh of April, 1758, and by
o feet of merchant-Ships, equal in value and im-
nine o'clock the next morning the temporary
portance to half a nation ; on the other, two bridge was conſumed, though ſome pieces of
" of the moſt conſiderable cities in Europe, timber among the ruins of the old ſtructure, to-
5 ſtretching along the banks of a beautiful river, | gether with the draw-bridge, continued on fire
6s and ending with a diſtant view of the adjacent || during the whole day. ni
« landſcape.
There were various reports reſpecting the mari-
For ſome years before the houſes on London ner in which the bridge was ſet on fire. Some
bridge were taken down, they leaned in ſuch a perſons declared, that about ten o'clock at night,
manner over the river, that a humane perſon they obſerved ſeveral people who appeared in
could not look at them without terror, when he || liquor, coming over the bridge with a torch, and
conſidered that many of them were inhabited ; while ſome of them endeavoured to get it from
and while he dreaded the fate, he wondered at the perſon who held it, he, in play, ſtrove to de-
the folly and temerity of the inhabitants.
fend himſelf by burning them, and at length
The elegant bridge at Weſtminſter likewiſe threw it over the boarded fence of the bridge,
contributed in a great degree to convince the citi when the light diſappeared, till the timber below
zens of the advantages that would ariſe from the burſt into a flame.
On the contrary, the watchmen at the ſteel-
ſatisfaction to the public, when, in the year 1756, yard, thoſe on the cuſtom-houſe quay, and many
the Lord-mayor, and common-council, applied || other perſons, * declared that about eleven o'clock
to parliament to enable them to put this reſolu they obſerved fome lights under the bridge, which
tion in practice.
appeared in ſeveral places like cândles in lan-
as a bans, and was
66
92
1
; on
ac ,
* The following is a copy of the depoſition of Mary,
wife of John Dennis, living in George-alley, Thames-ſtreet,
taken the 14th day of April, 1758, before the right honour-
able Sir Charles Afgill, Knt. Lord-mayor of the city of
London.
This deponent faith, That, about ten o'clock at night of
the vith of this month, ſhe, this deponent, was in the
watch-houſe belonging to Dyers-hall, near London-bridge.
That ſhe, being looking over the hatch of the ſaid watch-
houſe, obſerved a lanthorn in the chapel pier of London-
bridge. That ſoon after ſhe ſaw another lanthorn in the
ſame place. That, foon loſing fight of both lanthorns, pre-
fently afterwards ſhe took notice of three lanthorns being
upon the ſaid ſpot. That, upon obſerving the firſt lanthorn,
fhe ſuppoſed there might be ſome lighter or barge at the
bridge ; but when ſhe ſaw the ſecond lanthorn, the per-
ceived the lights were amongſt the wood-work of the ſaid
pier: and that when the three lanthorns were there together,
The took notice one of thein was held down. Another was
at a ſmall diſtance ; and the third was held up towards
the
upper part of the wood-work : which made her ſuppoſe
there were workmen employed to rectify ſome defect in the
bridge. This deponent farther faith, that in a ſhort ſpace
of time, the lanthorns being all gone, ſhe foon after per-
ceived, in the abovenamed place, a ſmall flame, which
being dampt for a ſhort time, it then roſe again. That,
after the flame's appearing damp the fecond time, it blazed,
out very much. Upon which ſhe, this deponent, went to
the next wharf to give notice London-bridge was on fire.
Note. This depoſition was confirmed by ſome people, who
declared they ſaw the lanthorns from Caftom-houſe quay. It
was alſo in part confirmed by the watchmen on the bridge.
For theſe latter declared, that, upon the firſt alarm of fire,
they ran down to the ſterling of the pier that was then al-
moſt removed to make the preſent great arch, when they
perceived, juft under the very centre of the temporary
bridge, a ſmall flame, which, as they could not get near,
foon
ſpread itſelf with great velocity
thorns ;
34
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON

thorns; and that ſoon after this, the bridge " with rows of ſtrong beams placed clofe toge-
burft into flames from one end to the other. 66 ther; theſe were gravelled over to a conſider-
This dreadful conflagration filled the citizens " able depth, and a ftrong wooden fence, on
and the inhabitants of Southwark, with the ap 66 each fide, raiſed about fix feet high, wich
prehenſion that their intercourſe with each other 56 places formed for foot paſſengers to ſtand in at
would in a great degree be prevented for a long proper diſtances, to ſecure themſelves from
time ; and it was the univerſal opinion that the s being hurt by the carriages,
bridge was purpoſely ſet on fire.
" This great work was no fooner finiſhed with
The Lord-mayor, who attended almoſt the " ſuch amazing expedicion, than preparacions
whole time of the fire, gave every neceffary di were made for a new temporary bridge, which
rection for ftopping the progreſs of it, but all was foon after begun, and in a ſhort time was
proved ineffectual; and in the morning his lord opened."
ſhip waited on Mr. Secretary Pict, with the ſhock The great loſs the city had ſuffered by the
news of this diſaſter.
burning of the temporary bridge, induced the
His majeſty's pardon being immediately ob-Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common-council, to
tained for any perſon who would diſcover the apply to parliament for relief; when that body,
authors of the calamity, except the perſons who rendering the repairing and beautifying of Lon-
actually committed the fact, the Lord-mayor | don bridge a national concern, an act was paſſed
ſummoned a court of common council, who re the ſame year, for granting the city fifteen
folved to offer a reward of £200 for diſcovering thouſand pounds, towards the carrying on of that
the vile incendiaries; but no diſcovery was ever work; upon which two toll-booths that had been
made reſpecting this very extraordinary affair. erected for receiving the toll granted by a former
The builders of the bridge were now aſked act, were immediately taken down, and all horſes
how ſoon they could poſſibly render it paffable and carriages ſuffered to go toll free.
for carriages; and the public were very agreea London-bridge has been denominated by an-
bly ſurprized when they promiſed to compleat it cient writers “ The bridge of the world,” « The
within three weeks, on condition of being allowed 6 wonder of the world,” and “ The bridge of
to employ a great number of hands, and permit “ wonders :" but we ſhall hardly ſuffer ourſelves
ted to work ſundays.
to be deceived by theſe pompous titles, if we
“ But this ſurprize (ſays an ingenious writer) || conſider it even in its preſent much improved
was greatly increaſed, when they found that ſtate ; for the wretched diſproportion of it's
s by keeping men conſtantly at work, day and arches, and the great fall of water, by which the
“ night, this great work was compleated, and lives of many of his majeſty's ſubjects are an-
" the old bridge opened again in leſs than a nually loft, are a diſgrace to this city : but we
fortnight; and that in this ſhort time thoſe hope the time is advancing, when a ſenſe of the
“ arches that had been taken down, and the deep dangers and inconveniences of this bridge, will
“ cavities in all the piers lately ufed for cellars, inſpire thoſe in whoſe power it is, to apply for the
“ were covered over; the piers which had been aid of parliament towards erecting a fuperb and
“ denuoliſhed had ftages formed of large beams magnificent ſtructure, which may do equal ho-
“ of timber raiſed to ſupport the upper works, nour to the taſte, policy, and humanity of the
56 and the whole track of ruins was covered preſent age.
nici Bis 1 oderne
"CH A P T E R VI.
The mayor of London axts as chief Butler åť the coronation of Richard the firſt. A great
maſacre of the Jews. Preparations made for the king's expedition into Paleſtine. Regula-
tions reſpecting the building of kouſes in the city and liberties. A charter of confirmation
granted by Richard I. The fingular hiſtory of William Fitz-Oſbert. The valuable charter
of king Richard I. by which the city of London claims the juriſdiction and conſervancy of
the river Thames. A conciſe, but accurate account of that noble river:
I
N the year 1189, the chief magiſtrate of || ronation : but notwithſtanding this, ſome of thoſe
London, claimed to act as chief butler at the || people, prompted by motives of curioſity, did
coronation of king Richard the firſt; and as attempt to get into Weſtminſter-abbey ; where
this claim was admitted, and he did actually of. they were repulfed by ſome of the king's do-
ficiate, there can be little doubt but the ſame meſtic ſervants, and a report was immediately
office was exerciſed by his predeceſſors, though || propagated, that his majeſty had given orders that
this is the firſt mention of this circumſtance in all the Jews ſhould be deſtroyed.
hiſtory,
Hereupon the populace immediately attacked
An intimation was given to the Jews- reſiding thoſe poor people, and killed all they could lay
in London, that they muſt not make their ap their hands on; not content with which, they
pearance at Weſtminſter, on occaſion of the co haſtened into the city, where they maſſacred great
numbers
mentioner

HISTORÝ and SURV E r of LONDON.
35
every tefti.
66
66
૮િ૮
numbers of the unfortunate Jews, robbed their don were held in the moſt reſpectable light, as
houſes, and then ſet them on fire.
their advice was thought indiſpenſably neceſſary,
This horrid deed was applauded by the monks, in an affair of ſo much conſequence as the de-
who pretended that it was a meritorious action ; grading an inſolent and defpotic miniſter:
but the king appears to have been of a very dif On king Richard's return to England, he was
ferent opinion; for he immediately iſſued orders received by his faithful citizens, with
for apprehending the murderers, ſeveral of whom mony of the ſincereſt joy, and with a pomp and
being taken, the ring leaders were hanged on the magnificence becoming the ſentiments of loyaltý
day after the dreadful maſſacre.
which they expreſſed.
Not long after the coronation of king Richard, In grateful return for theſe tokens of loyalty,
that monarch, having determined to fulfil a and in conſideration of the fidelity of the citi-
treaty, his father had concluded with the king of zens of London during his abſence, king Richard
France, relative to a joint expedition to the Holy- | granted them a charter of confirmation, of which
land, directed his precepts to Henry de Cornhil, the following is a faithful tranſlation.
then ſheriff of London, to provide a certain num-
ber of helmets, ſteel caps, ſhields, ſpears, pavil Richard, by the grace of God, king of
lions, and other military accoutrements; and al 66 England, duke of Normandy, and earl of An-
ſo filken habits, mitres, caps, dalmatiques, coats, “ jou ; to his archbiſhops, biſhops, abbots, earls,
and wine, for the uſe of his majeſty.
s barons, juſtices, ſheriffs, miniſters, and all
In the year 1191 the magiſtrates of London, es others his faithful French and Engliſh people,
taking into their conſideration the great damages
i greeting
ſuſtained by the citizens, on the breaking out of Know ye, that we have granted to our citi-
fires among houſes built of wood, and thatched zens of London, that none of them may plead
with ſtraw or reeds, ordained that “ all houſes 56 without the walls of the city of London, for
" thereafter to be erected in London, or within any pleas, ſaving pleas of foreign tenures
" the liberties thereof, ſhould be built of ſtone, “ (except our monyers and miniſters): alfo we
“ with party walls of the fame, and covered “ have granted to them acquittal of murder
" either with ſlates or tiles ;” and it was farther " within the city, and in Portſoken; and that
provided, to appeaſe contentions that might " none of them may wage battle ; and that they
as ariſe among neighbours, upon incloſure be “ may diſcharge themſelves of pleas belonging
tween land and land, that twelve aldermen of " to the crown, according to the ancient cuſtom
as the city ſhould be choſen in full huſting, and 66 of the city ; and that none may take any lodg-
“ theſe ſworn to attend the mayor in making the ings within the walls of the city by force, or
56 propoſed regulations."
66 by delivery of the marſhal.
Theſe regulations were that “the party walls " This alſo we have granted to them, that all
to ſhould be built with ſtone, and be at leaſt three 56 the citizens of London be free from toll and
cc feet in thickneſs and fixteen in height, and « leftage, throughout all England, and the ſea
66 theſe magiſtrates were likewiſe to give direc ports; and that none be adjudged of amercia-
« tions reſpecting girders, windows, gutters, and “ ments of money, but according to the law of
56 wells."
“ the city, which they had in the time of king
· In the year above-mentioned the earl of “ Henry, grandfather to Henry our father; and
Moreton, * attended by moſt of the biſhops and " that there be no miſkenning in any place within
the nobility, aſſembled in St. Paul's church yard, " the city, and that the huſtings be kept only
where they were met by the principal citizens of once a week; and they juſtly have all their
London, by whoſe joint concurrence, Williani " lands and tenures, and premiſes, and all o.
Longchamp, chancellor, biſhop of Ely, and one 6 ther their debts, whoſoever do owe them to
of the regents during the abſence of the king, " them, and that right be done to them, ac-
was unanimouſly degraded from the high offices “cording to the cuſtom of the city, of all their
which he held, for his proud, inſolent and tyran “ lands and tenurés, which they have within the
hical behaviour.
city; and of all their debts which ſhall be lent
The ready concurrence of the citizens to this at London, and of promiſes there made : the
act of degradation, gave ſo much fatisfaction to pleas ſhall be holden at London ; and, if any
the earl of Moreton, and the other members of in all England ſhall take toll or cuſtom of the
the regency, that they confirmed the ancient pri men of London, after he ſhall fail of right;
vileges of the city, and ſwore to maintain the “ the ſheriff of London, may take goods thereof
ſame during his majeſty's pleaſure.
at London.
In grateful acknowledgement of fo ſingular a “ Alſo we have granted to them, that they
favour; the Londoners took an oath of fidelity may have their huntings whereſoever they had
to king Richard and his heirs, and engaged that 66 the ſame in the time of king Henry, grandfa-
in caſe of his death without iſſue, they would ac “ther to Henry our father. Furthermore alſo,
knowledge his brother John for their fovereign, 6c for the advancement of the city, we have granc-
ſwearing fealty to him in preference to every other " ed to them, that they all be acquit of all Brid-
perſon except king Richard.
“ toll, Childwire, Jeriſgive and Scotale ; ſo thao
From the circumſtances above recited, it is ob “ no ſheriff of London, or any other bailiff
,
ſervable, that at this period the citizens of Lon - ſhall make any Scotale. The ſaid cuſtoms we
“ do grant to them, and all other liberties and
s free cuſtons which they had in the time of
* Afterwards king John.
" king Heory, grandfather unto Henry our fa-
66
(6
66
66 ther's

36
HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
1
6 heirs.
66 ther, when as they more better and freely had vice not to appear in any unlawful aſſembly for
at the ſame. Wherefore we will and ſteadfaſtly the future.
“command, that they and their heirs have and The more wealthy among the citizens being
home
ci hold all their things aforeſaid of us and our greatly terrified at the proceedings of Firz Ol
bert and his party, it was at length agreed that
“ Witneſs Hubert, archbiſhop of canterbury; || a number of men ſhould lay in wait to ſeize him
“ R. biſhop of Lincoln ; Ralph, earl of Chef at a time when he had but few attendants; and an
ter; R. earl of Clarence; Will. Marſhall, opportunity of this kind ſoon offered; but Fitz-
“ Rog. Bigolt. Jeophery, ſon of Peter ; Hugh Oſbert, with the few friends he had with him,
" Bardolph, Will. Brewer, and Will. Warren. made a moſt deſperate defence, and having poſ-
“ Given by the hand of William, biſhop of ſeſſed themſelves of the church of St. Mary-le-
Ely, our chancellor, at Wincheſter, the bow in Cheapſide, they fortified the ſteeple, with
twenty third of April, in the fifth year of a full determination of defending themſelves till
“ our reign.
further aſſiſtance ſhould arrive.
The ſituation of Fitz-Olbert and his friends
It would be fuperfluous to inform ſuch of our was no ſooner known, than the populace, from
readers as are acquainted with the Engliſh hiſtory, all parts in and near the city, aſſembled in Cheap-
that king Richard, on his return from Paleſtine, || ſide, with the view of ſetting their champion at
was unjuſtly detained a priſoner by the Emperor || liberty: but the magiſtrates uſed ſuch perſuaſive
Henry VI. * but it will be proper to obſerve, that arguments, that the people were at length pre-
foon after his majeſty's return to England, the vailed on to diſperſe.
citizens of London paid the ſum of fifteen hun Matters were in this ſituation, when a refolu-
dred marks towards his ranſom.
tion was formed of ſetting fire to the ſteeple, fo
In the year 1195 the tranquillity of this city that Fitz-Oſbert and his abertors had no chance,
was greatly diſturbed by one William Fitz-Or but to force their way through the flames and
bert, alias Longbeard, and his adherents, the fight for their lives, or to be burnt on the ſpot.
particulars of whoſe conduct we will faithfully It cannot be doubted but they choſe the for-
recite, as given by our beſt hiſtorians.
mer expedient, as the leſs dreadful of the two ;
The perſon of Fitz-Olbert was deformed, and wherefore making an impetuous fally, they en-
he obtained the appellation of Long-beard, from deavoured to ſeek their ſafety by wading through
his permitting his beard to grow to an unuſual the blood of their opponents : but being over-
length, partly from an affectation of gravity, and powered by ſuperior numbers, Fitz-Olbert and
partly in deriſion of the Norman cuſtom of ſhav eight of his adherents were made priſoners, and
committed to the Tower of London.
The greateſt enemies of Fitz-Oſbert acknow The next morning they were brought to their
ledge, that being a perſon of moſt powerful elo trial; and ſentence of death being paſſed upon
cution, he became the profeffed advocate of the them, they were allowed only one night to make
poorer citizens, againſt the oppreſſions of the their
peace with heaven; for on the following
more wealthy; and having frequently pleaded || day they were drawn by the feet through the
the cauſe of the poor before the magiſtrates, he city to a part of Smithfield then called the Elms,
became the idol of the lower orders of the people, where they were publicly executed, and then
who were univerſally at his devotion.
hung in chains.
Matters being thus ſituated, Fitz-Oſbert began Still, however, the diſturbances were not
to act more openly, and made uſe of all his rhe wholly appeaſed; for the body of Fitz-Oſbert
toric to incenſe, the people againſt a certain aid | being taken down and carried away, a report was
or tallage, which was to be raiſed for the ſervice || immediately propagated by a prieſt who was a
of the public.
kinſınan of the deceaſed, that ſeveral miracles
Fitz Oſbert inſiſted that this tax was propor had been wrought at the place of his execu-
tioned in a very unjuſt manner, for that the poor
tion.
were to bear the burden of almoſt the whole, Hereupon vaſt numbers of people reſorted to
while the rich were in a manner exonerated : and Smithfield, many of whom picked up and car-
this inſinuation wrought ſo powerfully on the ried away, as holy relicks, pieces of the earth on
minds of the people, that a tumult enſued near which the blood of their champion had been ſpilt,
St. Paul's church, in which many of the citizens while others continued there the whole night in
were killed.
the utmoſt fervors of devotion; nor did they
Advice of this inſurrection being tranſmitted quit the place till a military guard was ſent, by
to Hubert, archbiſhop of Canterbury, who was whom they were at length, though with greac
the king's juſticiary, that prelate fummoned Fitz reluctance on their part, diſperſed to their reſ-
Oſbert to appear before him, at a fixed time and pective habitations.
place.
It was now thought neceſſary, in order to uni-
Fitz-Olbert obeyed the ſummons, but was at deceive the deluded populace, to make public
tended by ſuch a numerous croud of his ad the life of Firz-Oſbert, which was accordingly
herents, that the archbiſhop, inſtead of ſeizing done by authority ; his relation, the prieſt, was
his perſon, thought it neceffary for his own ſafety | excommunicated for attempting to deceive the
to diſmiſs him with a gentle reproof, and his ad people, who hereupon applied quietly to their
ing the face.
* A curious account of king Richard's expedition into
the Holy-land, and every circumſtance conſequént thereon, ;
may
be found in CLARENDON'S HISTORY Of ENGLAND,
vol. 1. pagé 197, to 205.
reſpective

HISTORY and SURVÉ r of L ÖND ON:
37
6
reſpective occupations, and all the riots and tu readers will be pleaſed with a particular deferip-
mults fubfided.
tion of it; and we ſhall endeavour to be as eri-
Such is the account of this extraordinary af tertaining as conciſe in our account.
fair, as related by ſeveral of our hiſtorians; who, If we conſider the Thames with reſpect to its
while they load Firz-Oſbert with the opprobrious courſe and navigation, we muſt acknowledge that
names of perfidious, turbulent and implacable it is unequalled by any river in the knowri
villian, impoſtor, incendiary and traitor, do not world.
advance one folid argument to prove that he was This wonderful ſtream takes its rife from a ſmall
not a real friend to the poor, a ſtaunch defender || ſpring near the village of Hemble, in the pariſh
of the liberties of his fellow citizens. How con of Cubberley, or Coberly, a litcle to the ſouth-
temptible are theſe writers rendered, by ſuch weſt of Cirenceſter in Glouceſterſhire; and tak-
egregious and ſcandalous partiality!
ing its courſe eaſtward, becomes navigable at
In the year 1197, king Richard the firſt Lechlade for vefſels of fifty tons, and there re-
granted a moſt valuable charter to the citizens of ceives the river Colne, about one hundred and
London, of which the following is a faithful copy: thirty-eight miles from London.
It continues its courſe north-eaſt from Lech-
< Richard, by the grace of God; king of lade till it reaches Oxford, where it receives thé
England, duke of Normandy, and earl of Charwell; after which it runs ſouth-eaſt to Abing-
“ Anjou, to his archbiſhops, biſhops, abbois, don, and from thence to Dorcheſter, where it re-
"earls, barons, juſtices, ſheriffs, ſtewards, con ceives the Thame, and continuing its courſe to the
“ ftables, bailiffs, miniſters, and all his faithful ſouth-eaſt by Wallingford to Reading, flows
6 ſubjects, greeting.
through Berkſhire, Buckinghamſhire, Middleſex,
“ Know ye all, that we for the health of our Eflex and Kent, and waſhes the towns of Henley,
so foul, and for the ſoul's health of our father, Marlow, Maidenhead, Windfor, Eaton, Staines,
“ and all our anceſtor's fouls : and alſo for the || Chertſey, Weybridge,
Chertſey, Weybridge, Shepperton, Sunbury,
as commonweal of our city of London, and of all Hampton, Thames Ditton, Kingſton, Twicken-
our realm, have granted and ſtedfaſtly com ham, Richmond, Shene, Ileſworth, Kew, Brent-
56 manded, that all wears that are in the Thames ford, Mortlake, Barnes, Chiſwick, Hammer-
“ be removed, whereſoever they ſhall be within ſmith, Putney, Fulham, Wandſworth, Batterſea;
66 the Thames: and that no wears be put any Chelſea, and Lambeth, from whence both ſhores
66 where within the Thames : alſo we have quit may be conſidered as a continued city, through
66 claimed all that which the keeper of our tower Weſtminſter, Southwark, and the city of London,
66 of London was wont yearly to receive of the Horſleydown, Wapping, Rotherhithe, Shadwel!;
66 faid wears.
Wherefore we will and ſtedfaſtly || Ratcliff, Limehouſe, alnioſt to Deptford and
• command, that no keeper of the ſaid tower, Greenwich; and from thence this river proceeds
at any time hereafter, ſhall exact any thing of to Woolwich, Erith, Grays, Graveſend and
any one, neither moleft or burden, or any de Milton.
“ mand make of any perſon, by reaſon of the It is not in the power of language to deſcribe
" ſaid wears. For it is manifeſt to us, and by our the beauties which adorn the banks of this no-
right reverend father, Hubert, archbiſhop of ble river from Windſor to London; the numerous
Canterbury, and other our faithful ſubjects, || villages on each ſide being embelliſhed with the
it is fufficiently given us to underſtand, that magnificent houſes, and elegant gardens of the
“ great detriment and diſcommodity hath grown nobility and gentry.
to our faid city of London, and alſo to the Thoſe who have not been accuſtomed to ſuch
<< whole realm, by occaſion of the ſaid wears. a fight, would view with wonder and ſurprize
“ Which thing, to the intent it may continue the prodigious number of barges and boats, as
" for ever firm and ſtable, we do fortify by the well thoſe of pleaſure as of burden, continually
“ inſcription of this preſent page, and the put paffing and repaſſing above London-bridge, for
“ ting to of our feal: theſe being witneſſes : the convenience and ſupply of the towns and
“ John of Worceſter, Hugh of Coventry, counties through which the Thames runs; and
“ biſhops ; John earl of Moreton, Ralph earl ſtill greater would be their aſtoniſhment on bes
“ of Cheſter, Robert earl of Leiceſter, William holding the vaft fleets which conſtantly appear
“ earl of Arundel, William of St. Mary's church, below bridge, which are continually exporting
« Peterſon of Hereb, Matthew his brother, the manufactures of this kingdom, and bring-
• Simon of Ryma, Scherio de Quincero. Given || ing back the productions of every part of the
« by the hand of Euſtace dean of Saliſbury, || globe.
“ vice-chancellor, then agent at the Iſle of In this place our readers will be pleaſed with
“ Audlyer, the fourteenth day of July, in the Sir John Denham's moſt admirable deſcription of
“ eighth year of our reign.''
this river, which for juſtneſs of ſentiment and ele:
In confideration of this charter the citizens
gance of language, has rrever been excelled, pose
paid the king fifteen hundred marks: and if we ſibly never equalled.
conſider the amazing importance of the river
Thames, we muſt acknowledge that the purchaſe || My eye deſcending from the hill ſurveỳs:
was a very valuable one.
Where Thames among the wanton valleys ſtrays:
As the juriſdiction of the Lord-mayor of the Thames, the moſt lov'd of all the Ocean's fons,
city of London over the river Thames is very By his old ſite, to his embraces runs,
extenſive, and as this noble river is the principal || Hafting to pay his tribute to the fea,
ſource of the wealth of this metropolis, our
Like mortal life to meet eternity.
4
K
Tha
1

38
HISTORY and SUR Êr of LONDON.
Tho' with thoſe ſtreams he no reſemblance hold,
Whoſe foam is amber, and their gravel gold;
His genuin and leſs guilty wealth t’explore,
Search not his bottom, but ſurvey his ſhoar;
O'er which he kindly ſpreads his ſpacious wing,
And harches plenty for the enſuing ſpring.
Nor then deſtroys it with two fond a ſtay,
Like mothers which their infants overlay.
Nor with a ſudden and impetuous wave,
Like profuſe kings, reſume the wealth he gave.
No unexpected inundations ſpoil
The mower's hopes, nor mock the plowman's toil:
But godlike his unwearied bounty flows;
Firſt loves to do, then loves the good he does.
Nor are his bleſſings to his banks confin’d,
But free and common as the ſea or wind;
When he to boaſt, or to diſperſe his ſtores
Full of the tributes of his greateful ſhores
Viſits the world, and in his Aying tow'rs
Brings home to us, and makes both Indies ours;
Finds wealth where 'tis, beſtows it where it wants,
Cities in deſerts, woods in cities plants.
So that to us no thing, no place is ſtrange,
While his fair boſom is the world's exchange.
O could I flow like thee, and make thy Itream
My great example, as it is my theme !
Tho deep, yet clear, tho' gentle, yet not dull
,
Strong without rage, without o'erflowing full;
Heaven her Eridanus no more ſhall boaſt,
Whoſe fame in thine, like leſſer currents loft.
The great advantage from the river Thames
ariſes from the tides flowing above ſeventy miles
up it, twice in every twenty-four hours; and
hence alſo ariſes its great convenience with re-
ſpect to trade and navigation ; and as the tide is
influenced by the moon, ſo each tide is twenty-
four minutes later than that preceding it, and
therefore there is but twelve minutes wanting of
a whole hour in twenty-four.
By this rule the return of the tide to London-
bridge, at any diſtance from the new or full moon,
may be eaſily computed by the following tide
table.
ing at the figure 8 in the firſt column, he will
find the tide on that day to be at the eighth hour
and twenty-four minutes, or twenty four minutes
eight o'clock.
This table, however, can only be depended on
when the tide is regular, and not interrupted by
accidents; for if the wind blows hard at weſt or
ſouth weſt, it will prevent the tide from flowing
to its uſual height; and a contrary effect is pro-
duced by a hard gale at north-weſt.
The juriſdiction of the Lord-mayor of Lon-
don over the river Thames, extends from Colne-
ditch a little to the weſtward of Scaines-bridge, to
Yendal or Yenleet, to the eaſt, including part of
the rivers Medway and Lea; and his lordſhip has
a ſubſtitute or deputy, called the water-bailiff,
whoſe office is to ſearch for and puniſh all perſons
infringing the laws made for the preſervation of
the river and the fiſh therein.
The Lord-mayor and aldermen hold courts of
conſervancy eight times in the year, in the coun-
ties of Middleſex, Surry, Kent, and Eflex, in
order to maintain the rights and privileges of the
river Thames, and to charge four juries on oath
to make enquiry after all offences committed on
the river, in order to proceed to judgment againſt
ſuch as may be found offending.
There are many laws reſpecting the fiſhery and
the preſervation of the fry and ſpawn, from
among which we have ſelected the following as
the moſt important.
• No fiſherman ſhall uſe any net under two
“ inches and a half in the meth above Richmond
“ Crane, nor any net in the work called beating
cs of the buſh, flag or reed, of leſs than three
" in the meſh; nor uſe any weights or ſtones to
" their nets, upon the forfeiture of forty thil-
so lings for each offence.
“ That no pike-net, or other net or engine be
“6 drawn over the weeds for catching of pikes,
" by any fiſherman within the juriſdiction of the
“ Lord-mayor, by reaſon it is deſtructive to, and
“ occaſions the driving of all the other fiſh out
“ of the weſtern rivers, that would otherwiſe lie,
ſpawn, and breed in the weeds, upon the ſame
" penalty of forty ſhillings for every ſuch offence.
i That no fiſherman fhall bend any net by
66 anchors, or otherwiſe, acroſs the channel, ſo
“ as to draw another net into it, whereby the
ſpawn of barbel and other fiſh may be de-
ſtroyed, upon the forfeiture of the fame fum
c6 for each offence.
" That no perſon ſhall draw any net for fal-
mon, of leſs than three inches in the meſh,
" from the 10th of March till the 14th of Sep-
"s tember, in any part of the river Thames, from
" Kew pile weſtward, to the city of London
“ mark ſtone above Staines-bridge, upon the for-
“ feiture of forty ſhillings for every offence.
66 That no perfon ſhall take or ſell any fiſh
contrary to the ancient aſſize: pike, fourteen
- inches ; barbel, twelve inches ; falmon, fix-
" teen inches; trout, eight inches ; tench, eight
6 inches ; roach, fix inches; dace, fix inches ;
" and flounders, ſix inches.
«. That every fiſherman (hall have on his boat
« both his chriſtian and furname, and the name
" of his pariſh legibly painted, where any one
IN. Moon Hour.
Minj
F. Moon.
3
I
3
4
48
31
2
14
amt nl no ano
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
Tinte of high-water at London.
52
30
3
36
24
27
9
ΙΟ
II
II
12
I 2
13
1
26
19
12
14
2
A perſon deſirous of learning when it will be
high water at London-bridge, may by this table
be immediately ſatisfied, provided he knows how
many days it is fince the laſt new or full moon ;
for ſuppoſing it is the eighth day after, by look-
a may

HISTORY and SURT EY of LONDON.
39
« may fee it; on the forfeiture of twenty fhil conſtant ſupply, as would, in a great degree,
“ lings for every offence.
tend to reduce the exorbitant prices of other
“ No perſon whatſoever ſhall fiſh for ſmelts proviſions in this metropolis. 298
or ſhads, or any other fiſh whatſoever, or lay Although the river Thames is faid to be navi-
« leaps, or rods for eels, in any place within the gable one hundred and thirty-eight miles above
juriſdiction of the Lord-mayor, without a li London bridge, yet in that courſe there are ſuch
cence from the water-bailiff, who ſhall appoint a number of flats, that a total ſtop would be put
6 the proper ſeaſons for fiſhing: and upon every to the navigation weſtward, in the ſummer time,
5 ſuch occaſion, all the fiſhermen ſhall, upon due when the ſprings are low, were it not for a num-
« ſummons or notice given, repair to the water ber of Locks, or machines made of wood, placed
« bailiff at the chapel at Guildhall, to take out quite acrofs the river, and fo contrived as to
“ their ſeveral licences for going to fiſh, and to confine the current of water as long as is found
« hear the ordinances for the preſervation of the convenient; that is, till the water riſes to ſuch a
“ fiſheries publicly read, that they may be the height as to allow depth enough for the barges to
66 better able to preſerve and keep them ; and paſs over the ſhallows; which being effected the
• that none go out to fiſh without ſuch a licence; confined water is ſet at liberty, and the loaded
and that every fiſherman offending herein, || veſſel proceeds on its voyage, till another fhoal
« ſhall pay five pounds for every ſuch offence. requires the ſame contrivance to carry: it forward.
For the better preventing the uſe of unlawful. Theſe conveniences are undoubtedly very great,
nets, or engines, it is farther ordained that, but they are attended with a very conſiderable
« Any perſon or perſons authorized by the wa expence ; for a barge paſſing fron) Lechlade, to
66 ter-bailiff, may enter any fiſhermen's boats or London pays no leſs than thirteen pounds, fifteen
« veſſels, to view and ſearch for all unſizeable ſhillings, and fixpence for paſſing through theſe
nets and engines, and for any fiſh they fall locks; and one from Oxford to London pays
ſuſpect to be taken contrary to the laws of this twelve pounds eighteen ſhillings.
« kingdom; to ſeize and carry ſuch nets to the This expence, however, is incurred only in the
water-bailiff
, with the names of the offenders, || fummer, when the water is low: and from Lon-
" that they may be brought to juſtice; likewiſe to don-bridge to Bolter’s-lock, which is a diſtance of
« ſeize the fiſh taken contrary to law, and diſtribute | fifty-one miles and a half, there is no lock on the
ke it among the poor ; and whoſoever ſhall reſiſt river.io Fail
or diſturb the water-bailiff, or his deputies, in We ſhall conclude this account of the river
6 their ſearching for and ſeizing unlawful nets, Thames, by giving a catalogue of the greater
engines, or fiſh, ſhall forfeit twenty marks.' part of the fiſh with which this celebrated river,
There is no doubt but theſe laws are admirably || by the goodneſs of providence, is moſt bountifully
calculated for the preſervation of the fiſh, or for ſtored : The falmon, founder, ſmelt, fhad,
an increaſe of their breed ; and we wiſh we could trout, graylin, perch, carp, tench, barbel, chub,
fáy that theſe laws were at all times properly en roach, dace, gudgeon, pike, eel, lamprey, bleak,
forced, and the offenders againſt them puniſhed || ruffee, ſturgeon, baſs, mullet, turbot, ſole, maid,
in an exemplary manner; as, in that caſe, there plaice, dab, ſkate, thornback, halibut, pearl,
can be little doubt but that the immenſe numbers || whiting, haddock, oyſter, muſcle, cockle, buntin,
of fiſh with which providence has enriched the crab, prawn, red and white ſhrimps, craw fiſh and
river Thames, would afford ſuch a large and others.
66
anissa
CH A P T E R VII.
data
Charters granted by king John to the City of London. A council of thirty-five perfons cho-
ſen to hold the aſizes in London. The fraternity of weavers expelled the city. The exchange
of London farmed. Title of mayor firſt beſtowed. King John ſummons a Parliament to meet
at Bridewell. Pope Innocent lays the city under an interdiet. The exchequer removed to
Northampton. The walls of London encompaſſed with a ditch. The barons and citizens
compel king John to grant Magna-charta. The contents of that famous charter of li-
berty. King John breaks through his engagements and procures abſolution. The citizens
invite Lewis, Jon of king Philip of France, to the crown of England. He accepts it. The
French defeated. King John dies. Peace concluded between Lewis and the young king Henry.
Lewis leaves England. Henry makes a public entry into London.
I
N the year 1198, the king iſſued his orders
to the ſheriffs of London and Middleſex, to
provide meaſures, gallons, iron rods, and
weights, to be ſent to the ſeveral counties of
England, to be uſed as one general ſtandard for
weights and meaſures.
King Richard dying in the year 1199, was
ſucceeded on the throne by his brother John,
earl of Moreton, who had no ſooner aſſumed the
reins of government, than he granted three char-
ters to the city of London.
The firſt of theſe charters was only a recital and
confirmation

40
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
confirmation of the charters granted by former ) days after the ſecond, exhibits peculiar marks of
monarchs with this additional privilege ; “ that the kings regard to the city of London ; for his
“ all the citizens of London ſhall be quit || majeſty therein grants them the fee-farm of the
“ from toll or laſtage, and every other cuſtom,
ſheriffwicks of London and Middleſex at the an.
" throughout all our lands, on this ſide and be cient rerit; and likewiſe allows them the power of
" yond the ſeas.”
chuſing their own ſheriffs.
For this charter the citizens preſented the king
with three thouſand marks; and immediately re The following is a copy of this charter :
ceived a ſecond charter, a copy of which we have “ John, by the grace of God, king of Eog-
ſubjoined. "
" land, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy,
Aquitain, and earl of Anjou; to his archbi-
“ John, by the grace of God, king of Eng ſhops, biſhops, abbots, earls, barons, juſtices,
“ land, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy, 6 ſheriffs, rulers, and to all his bailiffs and loving
« Aquitain, and earl of Anjou ; to his archbi ſubjects :
" ſhops, biſhops, abbots, earls, barons, juſtices, “Know ye, that we have granted, and by this
“ ſheriffs, ſtewards, caſtle-keepers, conſtables, " our preſent writing confirmed, to our citizens
“ bailiffºs, miniſters and all his faithful ſubjects, “ of London, the theriffwicks of London and
“
greeting :
Middleſex, with all the cuſtoms and things to
« Know ye all, that we for our ſoul's health, " the ſheriffwick belonging, within the city and
" and for the ſouls health of Henry our father, " without, by land and by water, to have and to
« and all our predeceſſors; and alſo for the com - hold to them and their heirs, of us and our
a monweal of our city of London, and all our “ heirs, paying therefore three hundred pounds
“ realm; have granted and ſteadfaſtly commanded,
“ of blank ſterling money, at two terms in the
« that all the wares (or wears] which are in the year; that is to ſay, at the eaſter exchequer,
“ Thames or in the Medway, be amoved, where “ one hundred and fifty pounds; and at Mi-
" foever they ſhall be within the Thames and the “ chaelmas exchequer, one hundred and fifty
« Medway; and that no wares from henceforth “ pounds; ſaving to the citizens of London all
* be put any where in the Thames or Medway, 56 their liberties and free cuſtoms.
upon forfeiture of ten pounds ſterling ; alſo “ And further, we have granted to the citizens
" we have clearly quit-claimed all that, which “ of London, that they amongſt themſelves
" the keepers of the Tower of London were " make ſheriffs whom they will; and may amove
« wont yearly to receive of the ſaid wares : " them when they will ; and thoſe whom
« wherefore we will and ſtedfaſtly command, that " they make ſheriffs, they ſhall preſent to our
no keeper of the ſaid Tower, at any time here juſtices of our exchequer, of theſe things, which
« after, exact any thing from any body, nor to the ſaid ſheriffwick appertain, whereof they
< trouble or moleſt any perſon, by reaſon of the ought to anſwer us; and unleſs they ſhall ſuf-
" ſaid wares; for it is ſufficiently manifeſt to us, “ ficiently anſwer and ſatisfy, the citizens may
“ by the right reverend Hubert, archbiſhop of “ anſwer and fatisfy us the amerciaments and
« Canterbury, and other our faithful ſubjects, farm, ſaving to the ſaid citizens their liberties
“ it is given us fufficiently to underſtand, that “ as is aforeſaid ; and ſaving to the ſaid ſheriffs
very great detriment and diſcommodity hath " the fame liberties, which other citizens have :
grown to our ſaid city of London, and alſo to “ fo that, if they which ſhall be appointed ſheriffs
our realm, by occaſion of theſe wares; which “ for the time being, ſhall commit any offence,
“ to the intent' it may continue both firm and " whereby they ought to incur any amerciament
“ ſtable for ever, we do fortify the ſame by in “ of money, they ſhall not be condemned for
« ſcription of this preſent page, and putting to any more than to the amerciament of twenty
our ſeal:
" pounds, and that without the damage of other
& Theſe being witneſſes, William of London, “ citizens, if the ſheriffs be not ſufficient for the
“ Euftace of Ely, Godfrey of Wincheſter, payment of their amerciaments: but, if they
66 biſhops; Jeffrey, ſon of Peter, earl of “ do any offence, whereby they ought to incur
“ Eſſex; William Marſhall, earl of Pem-
" the loſs of their lives or members; they fhall
• broke; H. earl of Warren; earl Rogers « be adjudged, as they ought to be, accord-
« Pigott ; R. earl of Clare ; earl de Braos; ing to the law of the city ; and of theſe things,
€ Robert, lon of Roger, Hugh Bord, Wil. « which to the ſaid ſheriffs belong, the ſheriffs
« liam Brewer, Stephen Turnham, William “ fhall anſwer before our juſtices at our exche-
“ Warren, Simon of Pattiſhel : given by quer, ſaving to the ſaid ſheriffs the liberties
" the hands of Hubert, archbiſhop of Can cc which other
citizens of London have.
“ terbury our chancellor, at Shoreham, the “ Alſo this grant and confirmation we have
“ ſeventeenth day of June, in the firſt year
e made to the citizens of London for the amend.
66 of our reign."
ment of the ſaid city, and becauſe it was in
" ancient times farmed for three hundred
This charter extends the juriſdiction of the city “pounds: wherefore we will and ſteadfaſtly
of London over the river Medway, as it before " command, that the citizens of London and
had the conſervancy of the Thames, and granted “ their heirs may have and hold the ſheriffwick
a power to inflict a penalty of ten pounds, on any " of London and Middleſex, with all things to
perſon who fhould erect a wear or wears in either " the ſaid ſheriffwick belonging, of us and our
of thoſe rivers.
“ heirss to poſſeſs and enjoy hereditarily, freely
The third charter which was granted but a few " and quietly, honourably and wholly, by fee-
« farın
66

Engraved) for Chamberlains History of London.
my
X
EESTI
Tao Record feculpo.
Hery Fitzalmine Knos Sir William Wallworth ,
First Lord Vianor of LONDON LORD MAYOR of LONDON

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
41
65 farm of three hundred pounds; and we forbid The office of chamberlain of London likewiſe
" that none preſume to do any damage, impedi appears to have been very profitable, about the
« ment ordiminiſhment to the citizens of London fame period of time ; for in the year 1204, Wil .
“ of theſe things, which to the ſaid ſheriffwick liam de St. Michael paid the king a fine of one
" do or were accuſtomed to appertain : Alſo we hundred pounds for the ſame, and agreed to pay
66 will and command, that if we or our heirs, or a rent of one hundred marks annually ; by which
any of our juſtices, ſhall give or grant to any
it is alſo evident that this office was then veſted
“ perſon any of thoſe things which to the farm || in the crown.
“ of the ſheriffwick appertain, the ſame ſhall be In the ſame year 1204, a ſevere froſt began on
“ accounted to the citizens of London, in the New-year’s day, which, according to ſome au-
acquittal of the ſaid farm at our exchequer. thors, held till the nineteenth, and according to
“ Witneſs Edward of Ely, Savarick of Bath, others, till the twenty-fifth of March: which oc-
6 biſhops; William Marſhal, earl of Pembroke, caſioned the price of wheat to be advanced to
06 &c.&c.
twelve ſhillings the quarter, a great part of the ſeed
having been damaged in the ground by the froſt.
This is the firſt conveyance on record, in which In the year 1207, Henry Fitz-Alwyn, the chief
we find the terms, to have and to hold, which have magiſtrate of this city, by the title of Bailiff, or
been ſince, and ſtill are conſidered as eſſential to Cuſtos, was honoured with that of Mayor.
all conveyances.
Matthew Paris informs us, that in the year
If we may credit the authority of Arnold's Chro 1210, king John ſummoned a parliament to meet
nicle, in the year 1200, thirty-five perſons were him at his palace in St. Bride's pariſh, (on the
made choice of by the wiſe men of the city, and ſpot of ground where Bridewell hoſpital now
formed into a council to hold the aflizes in Lon ſtands) when he exacted one hundred thouſand
don.
pounds from the clergy and religious houſes, and
In the year 1201, king John granted a fourth || forty thouſand pounds from the white friars of
charter to the city of London, by which the monks in particular.
guild or fraternity of weavers were expelled the In the ſame year the biſhops of London, Ely,
city, as it is imagined for ſome great offence ; and Worceſter, laid the city of London, and
but what their crime was, is not recorded; tho' other parts of the kingdom, under an interdict,
a certain writer is of opinion that it muſt have by command of pope Innocent, becauſe the king
been very heinous, as the whole community were refuſed to obey the imperious orders of the fee of
expelled, for fo trifling an addition as two marks Rome,
annually to the royal revenue.
İn conſequence of this interdict, almoſt all ec-
clefiaftical ceremonies ceaſed, the churches and
The following is a copy of this fourth charter : church-yards were ſhut up, the bodies of the de-
“ John, by the grace of God, king of Eng ceaſed were buried in the highways and ditches,
s land, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and and no burial ſervice read over them.
Aquitain, and earl of Anjou ; to his archbi. King John being offended with the citizens,
“ fhops, biſhops, abbots, earls, barons, juſtices, though hiſtorians do not relate the cauſe of his
ſheriffs, and to all his bailiffs and faithful ſub anger, he this year removed his exchequer from
jects, greeting : Know ye, that we, at the re Weſtminſter to Northampton, as a puniſhment
“ queſt of our mayor and citizens of London, for the offence.
“ have granted, and by this our preſent writing The weakneſs of this monarch having induced
" confirmed, that the guild of weavers ſhall not him to take ſuch hieaſures as loft him in a great
“ from henceforth be in the city of London, degree the affections of his ſubjects, and the pub-
66 neither ſhall be at all maintained: but, be lic ſafety becoming every day more and more
« cauſe we have been accuſtomed yearly to re precarious, the citizens of London determined
« ceive eighteen marks in money, every year, of to put that city into a proper poſture of defence.
" the faid guild; our faid citizens ſhall pay unto In conſequence of this refolution, they, in the
us and our heirs twenty marks in money, for year 1211, began to encompaſs the wall of the
a gift, at the feaſt of St. Michael, at our ex city with a ditch two hundred feet wide, and of
a great depth; and this great work was com-
« Witneſs Hubert, archbiſhop of Canterbury, pleated in the year 1213.
66 E C. &c."
Robert Fitzwater, caſtellain and ſtandard-bearer
of the city of London, having eſpouſed the cauſe
It appears from the great roll of the exchequer, of the malecontent barons, and refuſed to give
that in the firſt year of the reign of king John, || ſecurity for his fidelity to king John, fled into
the farm of the Cambium, or Exchange of Lon France : upon which the king gave orders for the
don, was let upon leaſe for a term of years, to demoliſhing of Fitzwater's ſtately palace, called
one Guy de Von, who in the fourth year of the Baynard's-Caſtle, which was ſituated at the ſouth-
fame reign ſtood indebted to the crown, in the end of Thames-ſtreet.
fum of one thouſand and fixty-fix pounds, eight Soon after this the king fummoned a conven-
fhillings and four-pence, for the farm of the faid tion of the ſtates to be held in St. Paul's cathe:
exchange; which proves the trade of London to dral, where, in the preſence of Nicholas, biſhop
have been very conſiderable at that time. of Freſcati, the pope's legate, he acknowledged
66 chequer.
* This is related on the authority of
ARNOLD, in his Chronicle.
4
tu
and

42
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
and renewed a ſcandalous ſubjection of his crown altar of the church, that they would repair to
to the pope, which he had before made to a for the king, and demand a re-eſtabliſhment of king
mer legate named Pandulph"; to whom the king's Edward's laws, and a confirmation of all the con-
charter, ſealed with wax, having been heretofore ftitutional acts, contained in the charter of Henry
delivered, it was now re-delivered to Pandulph, the firſt; and if the king refuſed to comply withi
with a ſeal of gold.
their demand, to compel his acquieſcence by
The king having agreed to pay the pope a
force of arms.
large ſum of money for taking off the national In purſuance of this reſolution, they, in the
debt, the citizens of London were obliged to beginning of January 1214, repaired to London,
pay two thouſand marks towards the ſame: but and going to the new temple (where now ſtand
to prevent as much as poſſible thoſe murmurs the inns of court) the reſidence of the king, they
which he had but too much reaſon to apprehend, made their demands; alledging, that they re-
he granted the citizens his fifth and laſt charter, a quired nothing but what he had folemnly ſworn
copy of which we have ſubjoined :
to grant at the time of his abſolution at Win-
cheſter.
« John, by the grace of God, king of Eng-|| John could not deny that he had made ſuch a
" land, duke of Norniandy, Aquitain, and earl promiſe ; but in order to put off the evil day,
66 of Anjou; to his archbiſhops, biſhops, abbots, he deſired till Eaſter to give his anſwer. This
" earls, barons, juſtices, ſheriffs, rulers, and to was complied with ; but inſtead of giving an an-
66 all his faithful ſubjects, greeting :
ſwer to the ſatisfaction of the barons, he then
“ Know ye, that we have granted, and by this treated their demand with the utmoſt contempt.
our preſent writing confirmed, to our barons Hereupon the barons, reſolving to effect by
6C of our city of London, that they may chooſe to force what they could not obtain from the favour
os themſelves every year a mayor, who to us may and juſtice of the king, ſet on foot a private ne-
66 be faithful, diſcreet, and fit for government gotiation with fonie of the principal citizens of
" of the city, ſo as, when he ſhall be choſen, to London, who foon prevailed on their fellow citir
“ be preſented unto us, or our juſtice, (if we zens to join in oppoſing a prince who had always
« ſhall not be preſent); and he ſhall ſwear to be conſidered his own arbitrary will as a law, and
" faithful to us; and that it Thall be lawful to had oppreſſed his ſubjects to a degree not to be
" them, at the end of the year, to amove him, borne by a free and ſpirited people.
ss and ſubſtitute another, if they will, or the The army of the barons was at this time en.
6 fame to retain, ſo as he be preſented unto us, camped at Bedford; where private meſſengers
or our juſtice, if we ſhall not be preſent. We arrived from London, with advice that the city
“ have granted to the ſame our barons, and by was ready to admit them, provided they made
" this our preſent charter confirmed, that they their approaches with ſecrecy and reſolution.
“ well and in peace, freely, quietly, and wholly, On receipt of this agreeable intelligence, chey
« have all their liberties, which hitherto they | proceeded to Ware in Hertfordſhire, and march-
« have uſed, as well in the city of London as ing from thence in the nighr, arrived at London
66 without, as well by water as by land, and in early in the morning of Sunday the twenty-fourth
" all other places, ſaving to us our chamberlain of May, without the king's receiving the leaſt
• ship: Wherefore we will and ſtreightly com. intelligence of their approach, notwithſtanding
« mand, that our aforeſaid barons of our afore he was at that time in the Tower of London.
" ſaid city of London may chuſe unto themſelves The gates being opened for their reception,
a mayor of themſelves, in manner and form they entered the city by Aldgate, and being
“s aforeſaid; and that they may have all the || joined by their friends, took poſſeſſion of the
és aforeſaid liberties well and in peace, wholly city, while the greater part of the inhabitants
“ and fully, with all things to the ſame liberties were employed at their devotions.
66 appertaining, as is aforeſaid.
They now began to plunder the houſes of the
" Witneſs the lords, P. of Winton, William royaliſts and Jews, the latter of which they pulled
6 of Worceſter, William of Coventry, bi down, and repaired the city walls wich the ruins
“ ſhops ; William Brigword ; Peter, ſon of thereof.
“ Herbert, &c. &c.
Their next ſtep was to beliege the Tower
of London; and as their numbers increaſed
The citizens of London, by this charter, re every day, by the junction of the nobility and
ceived a confirmation of their antient rights and gentry, the king found himſelf under a necef-
privileges, with the additional one of chuſing || fity of endeavouring to compromiſe all matters
their own chief magiſtrate, the king reſerving to in diſpute between him and his difcontented ſub-
himſelf the nomination of a chamberlain only. jects.
King John appears to have been, upon the With this view'he offered to refer the deciſion
whole, an enemy to the liberties of the people ; of the matter to four noblerien to be choſen from
but his ſubjects were not of that kind who would each party, and to leave the arbitration of the
eaſily ſubmit to reſign thoſe rights, which ought whole to the pope: but this propofal being re-
ever to be held ſacred in the eſteem of every free. ||jected, he ſubmitted at diſcretion, promiſed to
born Engliſhman; this will ſufficiently appear in grant them all their demands, and conſented to
the ſequel.
fend commiſſioners to a conference to be held be-
The batons of the kingdom, determined to tween Staines and Windfor.
affert their rights and liberties, aſſembled in great Accordingly, on the fifteenth day of July,
numbers at St. Edmundſbury, under pretence of the barons made their appearance, and after a
devotion, and there took a folemn oath at the conference of a few days, the deputies adjuſted
che

HISTORÍ and SURVEC of LONDON.
43
60
feited for felony, after they thould have been their caſtles, and committed great devastations
< a year
the articles of the two valuable charters, called " offence, and circunſtances of the offenders,
MAGNA CHARTA, and Charta de Foreſta, in the " ſo as not to affect his landed eſtate, or diſable
former of which it is expreſsly ftipulated, that 6 him from following his vocation, but be rated
46 the city of London ſhall have all its ancient by the verdict of twelve creditable men in the
s privileges and free cuſtoms, as well by land as “ neighbourhood."
6 by water.
The king, however, was ſo far from being
Theſe noble charters were moſt folemnly rati ſincere in his engagements, that he made no
fied and confirmed at Runnymead, near Staines ; | fcruple of breaking through moſt of them, and
and as that called Magna Charta has been always applied to the pope for abſolution, and to ſeveral
conſidered as the great baſis of Engliſh libertý, || foreign princes for their aſſiſtance; agreeing at
and every reader muſt conſequently be greatly in. the ſame time, that ſhould he through their
tereſted therein, we ſhall ſubjoin an abſtract of means conquer his rebellious ſubjects, he would
the principle heads thereof as we find it recorded || immediately make them. naſters of their poſa
in Clarendon's Hiſtory of England.
ſeſſions : in conſequence of this promiſe, a pro-
es Magna Charta, or the great charter, confirm digious number of mercinary troops from Flan-
“ ed what was lately granted to the clergy, re ders; Gaſcony, Brabant, Poictou and Normandy,
cc lative to the freedom of elections; allowed arrived in England, and entered into his ſervice.
“s perſons to leave the kingdom without ſpecial | Upon this, the barons retired to London, con-
“ licence, except in time of war; ordained that vinced they ſhould not be able to withſtand a
no clergyman ſhould be amerced in proportion power ſo far ſuperior to their own; at which place
es to his benefice; bur according to his lay tene- || a meſſenger from the pope arrived almoſt as foon
« ment; ſecured to the lay nobility, the cuſtody | as themſelves, and announced a bull of excom-
66 of vacant abbies and convents, which were munication not only againſt the barons, but the
is under their patronage ; aſcertained the reliefs whole city, for having joined them.
* for earldoms, baronies, and knight's fees, which The barons and citizens alike affected to treat
« before were arbitrary ; decreed that barons the pope's bull with contempt; and John, tak-
66 ſhould recover the lands of their vaſſals, for ing advantage of their inactivity, deſtroyed all
“
and
; upon their eſtates.
e that they ſhould enjoy the wardſhips of their This rouzed them; and, determined to be re-
“ military tenants, who held no other lands of venged on their perfidious monarch, they ſent
* the crown by a different tenure; that a perſon ambaſſadors to France, with an invitation to
• knighted by the king, though a minor, ſhould Lewis, the eldeſt ſon of king Philip, to accept
« enjoy the privileges of an adult at law, pro the crown of England.
us vided he was a ward of the crown ; but ſuch The predominant paflion of the young prince
« knighthood conferred on a ward of a baron, was ambition ; no wonder then if he embraced
«s ſhould not deprive that baron of his ward the propoſal. - Meſſengers arrived from France
* fhip, that widows ſhould not be forced to mar with acknowledgements of the ſignal proof the
“ ry againſt their inclination, or to pay any fine Londoners had given him of their eſteem, which
* for their dower ; that the wardſhips of mi were foon followed by himſelf at the head of a
u nors ſhould not be ſold ; that guardians ſhould moſt powerful army. not
not take unreaſonable profits from the lands of On his arrival, he received oaths of allegiance
56 their wards, or commit waſte; but keep the from the barons and citizens, and he ſwore to
$ houſes in good repair, leave the farms well reſtore their laws, their liberties, and their pof-
6 ſtocked, and diſpoſe of their wards in mar-
feflions. tent
" riage, without diſparagement; that no ſcut The citizens kept their engagements ; but
<< tage ſhould be levied in the kingdom without | John dying, William, earl of Pembroke taking
66 the conſent of the common-council of the the part of Henry his fon, perſuaded about fifty
realm, except in the caſes of ranſoming the of the barons to defert Lewis, and acknowledge
k kings perſon, knighting his eldeſt ſon, or him for their ſovereign.
marrying his eldeſt daughter; that no freeman - Lewis; upon this, was conſtrained to agree to
< ſhall be taken, impriſoned, or diſſeized of a truce : and going over to France ſoon returned
« his freehold, liberties, or free cuſtoms, but by to London with freſh fupplies: previous to his ar-
« the lawful judgment of his peers, or by legal || rival, however, the king's troops had taken the
« proceſs; that ſheriffs ſhould not hold county | field, and lay encamped before the caſtle of
« courts above once a month; that they, as well Mount Şorrel in the county of Leiceſter: Lewis
" as caſtellans, coroners, and kings bailiffs, immediately diſpatched 600 knights from Lons
< fhould be reſtrained from holding pleas of the || don, and upwards of 20,000 regular troops to re-
« crown ; that ſheriffs who had the management lieve the beſieged; and upon their appearance in
cs of the crown revenues within their ſeveral the field, the earl of Cheſter raiſed the fiege.
66 diſtricts, ſhould not raiſe the farms of counties, However, Lewis was not every where ſucceſs-
“ hundreds, and tythes according to their plea ful, for a prodigious number of the French being
6s ſure, except in the king's demeſne manors ; defeated at Lincoln; and much about the ſame
" that the people ſhould not be unjuſtly proſe time, a fleet, with powerful ſupplies, deſtroyed by
“ cuted, and put to canonical purgation, with ſome ſhips fitted out by the cinque ports, he was
out legal proof, in regard to carriages, pur conſtrained to keep cloſe in London, where being
veyance of victuals and other ſervices; that reduced to great ftraits ; he defired a negotia-
a amerciaments ſhould be proportioned to the tion for peace might take place; adding that he
hoped

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
1
hoped and expected, from the known generoſity | marks to diſcharge the debts he had contracted,
of the Engliſh, no terms would be offered but after doing which, he returned home.
ſuch as he might, conſiſtent with his honour, ac- || Upon the departure of Lewis, the young king
quieſce in
made his public entry into London with great
In ſhort, a treaty was concluded, in which pomp; and was received with every poſible de-
Lewis took care to have the rights and privileges | monſtration of fincere affection ; notwithſtanding
of the citizens confirmed ; and, as a teſtimony which the court had conceived a violent diſlike to
of their gratitude, the citizens lent him 5000 the citizens, which it was no eaſy matter to ſubdue.
Cous: isoto zis 20 aous CH A P T E R VIII.
uomo
The foreſt of Middleſex disforeſted. The goal of Newgate repaired at the expence of the crown.
A great riot in conſequence of a wreſtling-match between the citizens of London and the
inhabitants of Weſtminſter. The rioters executed, and fureties given for the good behaviour
s of the citizens. Magna Charta confirmed in parliament. A terrible ſtorm of thunder and
n lightning. An order that ſheriffs Mould hold their office only one year. Hubert de Burg,
the juſticiary, narrowly eſcapes the vengeance of the citizens. The original of paying a
quit-rent of fix horſhoes into the exchequer. King Henry's Splendid entrance into London.
Water firſt brought in pipes to the city, and preſerved for uſe in conduits. Cuftom of the
Lord-mayor and aldermen hunting annually on the eighteenth of September. I he Jews of
London compelled to pay the king a tax of twenty thouſand marks. The falling down of
part of the Tower of London. An inundation of the Thames. The wonderful death of
Griffith, ſon of Leoline, prince of Wales. The king feizes the liberties of the city. The
Lord-mayor and citizens purchaſe the fee-farm of Queenhitbe.
1
I
N the year 1218, being the fecond year of || Fitz Arnulph, a citizen of great property, they
Henry the third, the citizens paid a tax of proceeded to Weſtminſter, crying, “Mount Joye,
forty marks for the privilege of ſelling a cer " Mount Joye, God help us and our lord Lewis,”
tain kind of cloth, which was not two full yards and returned to London in triumph, after having
broad, which was the breadth limited by law. pulled down ſeveral houſes which were the pro-
In the ſame year the foreſt of Middleſex was perty of the abbot and his perfidious ſteward.
disforefted, and many of the citizens purchaſing The citizens hearing that a complaint was
different parts of it to build on, the city and made to Philip Dawbney, one of the king's
ſuburbs were greatly enlarged. About the fame council, of the damage done to the abbot’s pro-
period the ſheriffs of London, agreeable to an perty, beſet his houſe, beat his ſervants, and
order from the king, began to repair the gaol of took away twelve of his horſes ; and the abbot,
Newgate, for the expence of which the crown endeavouring to make his eſcape by means of a
became anſwerable, which ſhews that the govern back-door, was diſcovered by ſome of the mob,
ment of this goal was not then veſted in the city. and pelted to the river-ſide, where he took water,
And in the fame year, the citizens paid to his and eſcaped their fury.
majeſty, for the confirmation of their ancient Shortly after this tranſaction, the mayor, and
rights and privileges, a fifteenth of their perſonal || principal citizens were ſummoned to attend Hu-
eſtates.
bert de Burg, the chief juſticiary, at the tower
The miniſtry, in the year 1222, were furniſhed of London ; where it being demanded who was
with a plauſible pretext to execute their deſigns the ringleader of the rioters, Fitz Arnulph ſaid
againſt the citizens of London, who had, as has he was happy that he could ſay it was himſelf :
been before obſerved, greatly offended the court, upon this bold confeffion, the juſticiary diſmiſſed
by their endeavours to fix the crown on the head all the company except Fitz Arnulph and his
of Lewis. A wreſtling match being held at Ma- || nephew, and though he offered fifteen thouſand
tilda's hoſpital (now St. Giles's in the Fields) and marks for his pardon, they were hanged the next
the citizens greatly excelling the people of Weſt- || morning.
minſter both in ſtrength and activity, the abbot Many others of the rioters were afterwards ap-
of Weſtminſter's ſteward, mortified at the ſupe- || prehended by the juſticiary, who, without the
riority of the Londoners, offered a ram as a prize leaſt form of trial, ordered their hands and fees
to be wreſtled for on the firſt day of Auguſt; to be cut off, and their bodies burnt : and not
and the unſuſpecting citizens accepting the invi contented with the grievous cruelties he had in-
tation, were ſet upon by a ſet of deſperate, armed flicted, he degraded the mayor and aldermen,
ruffians, who wounded many of them, and drove | obliged thirty perſons of great property to be.
the reſt from the field in the utmoſt confufion. come ſureties for the good behaviour of the citi-'.
The Londoners, in revenge for the affront that zens, and ſet a guard over the city: and the king
had been offered them, reſolved to puniſh the || obliged the citizens to pay him many thouſand
authors of it, and a prodigious number of them marks before he would be reconciled to them.
being aſſembled, and headed by one Conftantine In the year 1224, the Londoners addreſſed the
king,

HIS TORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
45
king; folliciting that he would be pleaſed to confirm a proclamation that all ſuch perſons as had any
to them their rights and privileges, which he at laſt complaint to make of the juſticiary, ſhould im,
agreed to. Notwithſtanding an ordinance made mediately make application to him, with á full
to the contrary, Henry, the next year, exempted ſtate of their grievances. Upon which the citi-
the citizens from proſecutions for manufacturing zens accuſed him of arbitrarily and illegally put,
liſted cloth, called Burells. 9v eri bnbtoon ting to death Conſtantine Fitz-Arnulph; they
In the ſame year, in the parliament held at alſo charged him with being guilty of extortion,
Weſtminſter, Magna Charta was confirmed; and and many other acts of injuſtice; and the king
a right to have a common ſeal was granted by immediately ſent a precept to the Lord-mayor of
the king to the commonalty of the city.ro London to repair to Merton priory, and ſeize
Henry grew every year a greater tyrant; and Hubert; and bring him to London.
in the year 1227, he extorted from the citizens - The citizens no ſooner heard the commiſſion
of London five thouſand marks, obſerving, that than they aſſembled to the number of twenty thou-
they could not heſitate paying a ſum to their fand, reſolving to fulfil the king's command with
king, which they had voluntarily given to Lewis, alacrity, and were preparing to ſet forward on
his enemy. However, the king, in the ſame their expedition, when ſeveral of the graver citi-
year, granted to them five charters, the firſt of zens, fearing fome ill conſequences might ariſe
which is nothing more than an exemplification of from the appearance of ſo many men in arms,
that granted by king John, confirming to the they requeſted the advice of the biſhop of Win-
citizens of London the ſheriffwick of London cheſter, who told them that the king's orders
and Middleſex. The ſecond of theſe charters is muſt be obeyed at all events.
a recital of king John's charter for confirming However, Ranulph, earl of Cheſter; applying
to the citizens the right of electing a mayor of to the king in favour of the juſticiary, his ma-
London; the third the ſame that was granted by jeſty was prevailed oh to revoke his former or-
that monarch, for granting to the city the con ders, to the great mortification of the citizens,
fervancy of the rivers Medway and Thames ; who were thus diſappointed of wreaking their
the fourth a repetition of the charters of king vengeance on their inveterate foe. n
Henry the firſt, and Henry the ſecond, relative In the year 1235,one Walter le Bruin, a fartier,
to acquital of murder, pleadings, toll, recovery
obtained of the king the grant of a piece of
of debts, right of hunting, and releaſement from ground, in the pariſh of St. Clement Danes, for
bridtol, childwite, jeriſgive, and ſcotale. But by the purpoſe of erecting a forge; which leaſe was
the fifth the citizens of London and others, who granted on the following very ſingular terms:
had purchaſed lands in the disforeſted warren of Le Bruin was bound to deliver annually into
Staines, were exempted from all taxes and exac the exchequer, a quit-rent of fix horſhoes, with
tions, and had many other freedoms granted to the nails thereto belonging: and though this
them and their heirs for ever.
piece of ground is not at preſent in poffeffion of
Henry at the ſame time, granted two clerks the city, of London, yet the cuſtom of making
and two ferjeants to the ſheriffs of London. In this tender at the exchequer, by the hands of the
the year 1229, freſh exactions were made by the ſheriffs, is ſtill kept up.
king on the citizens, who patiently ſubmitted and The marriage of king Henry with Eleanor,
raiſed him a prodigious fum; by ſeveral taxes, fecond daughter of Raymond, earl of Provence,
which were collected by the aldermen.
having been folemnized at Canterbury, the royal
On St. Paul's day, in the following year, while pair ſet forwards to make their public entry into
Roger Niger, biſhop of London, was celebrating London ; on which occaſion they were met on
mals in St. Paul's, the atmoſphere was ſuddenly the road by the mayor; aldermen, and chief citi-
overſpread with darkneſs, loud claps of thunder zens, to the number of three hundred and ſixty,
were heard, and it lighten'd inceſſantly; which mounted on fine horſes; dreſſed in robes of em-
ſo terrified the congregation, that they left the broidered ſilk, and each man carrying in his
biſhop and one deacon, and ran out of the church hand a cup of gold or ſilver, as an emblem of the
in great diſorder and confuſion.
office claimed by the mayor of London, of being
About the ſame time, it being diſcovered that chief butler at the coronation of the kings of
many of the preceding ſheriffs had taken bribes
England.
of victuallers, and extorted money from their This pompous proceſſion was preceded by
fellow citizens, an ordinance was made by the the king's trumpeters, and thoſe ſtreets of the
magiſtrates of the city, that, in future, the ſheriffs city through which they paſſed, were moſt fplen-
ſhould continue no longer than one year in office. ? didly adorned with pageants, rich filks, and a
A great fire breaking out in the year 1232, great variety of elegant exhibitions.
deſtroyed a great part of the city : and in the In this manner the cavalcade proceeded to
fame year, the ſum of twenty thouſand pounds was Weſtminſter, where the citizens attended the coa
extorted from the citizens for the uſe of the king. ronation of the queen : at night the city was il-
It is the opinion of moſt writers, that Hubert luminated in the moſt beautiful manner by lamps,
de Burg was the adviſer of every arbitrary and &c. and every mark of joy and loyalty was ſhewn
oppreſſive meaſure put in execution againſt the on the occaſion.
citizens; the villain, however, was at length dif About this period, a great want of water pre-
graced, and, the king demanding an account of vailing in London, occaſioned in a great degree
his receipts and diſburſements relative to the pub by the encroachment of buildings on the freſh
lic; he Aed for fanctuary to the priory of Mer water canals about the city, many of the more
ton, which ſo exaſperated Henry, that he iſſued ſubſtantial citizens contributed in a liberal man-
M

46
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
ner to a ſcheme for bringing water from fix foun to the king, whoſe nuptials were celebrated foon
tains in the town of Tyburn; which was accord after their arrival, with a degree of pomp, which
ingly carried into execution, and is the firſt in perhaps has been hitherto unequalled in this
ftance on record of water being conveyed to the kingdom; for if the authority of Matthew Paris
city by means of pipes,
may be relied on, there were no leſs than thirty
In ſeveral parts of the city were erected con thouſand diſhes ſerved up at the wedding dinner.
duits for the reception of this water, the firſt of A very ſingular accident happened in the year
which was built in the year 1285, at the weſt end 1244, to Griffich, eldeſt ſon of Leoline, prince
of Cheapſide ; * and theſe conduits were found of Wales, who being impriſoned in the Tower
fo convenient, that they ſoon increaſed to nine of London, attempted to make his eſcape from
teen in number, and were fupplied by water pipes the top of that building, by the help of table-
from different wells or fountains in the neigh cloths, ſheets, and hangings, tied together ; but
bourhood of the city, and from the river Thames. being a very corpulent man, he fell to the ground,
But theſe conduits having been long ſince ren and in ſuch a poſition, that his neck was broke,
dered uſeleſs by the preſent method of conveying and his head was driven between his ſhoulders,
water from the Thames and New-River, they quite into his body.
have been totally removed for fome years paſt; In the year 12.44; king Henry extorted fifteen
by which the paſſage through the principal ſtreets hundred marks from the citizens of London,
of the city is much leſs obſtructed than it was in under the pretence of puniſhing them for per-
former times.
mitting one Walter Buckerel, (who had been
We are told by an ancient writer, that when baniſhed twenty years before) to reſide in the
theſe conduits were in uſe, it was cuſtomary for city; though this very king had himſelf pardoned
the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and principal citi Buckerel, by his letters patent, before he pre-
zens, to repair on horſeback, annually, on the fumed to return to his native country.
eighteenth of September, to viſit the heads fron? In the year following the king extorted a thou-
whence the conduits were ſupplied, and to hunt fand marks more from the citizens ; and not
a hare in the morning, and a fox after dinner, in long afterwards he ſeized upon the liberties of
the fields adjacent to the town of Tyburn. the city, and degraded the magiſtrates, for a falſe
In the year 1241, the Jews of the city of Nor- judgment given againſt Margaret Veil, a poor
wich having preſumed to circumciſe a chriſtian widow; on which occafion William Haverel,
child, were puniſhed in an exemplary manner ; and Edward of Weſtminſter, were by the king
and though the Jews of London were ſuppoſed appointed Cuſtodes of the city of London.
to have had no concern in, or knowledge of this At this period the mayor and commonalty of
tranſaction, yet
the king made this circumſtance this city, purchaſed the fee-farm of Queenhithe,
a pretence for extorting twenty thouſand marks of Richard, earl of Cornwall, brother to the
from that people, which they paid, to avoid per. king, as will more fully appear by the following
petual impriſonment, which was threatened in charter :) TO
caſe of their refuſal.
About this time an accident happened which 65 Henry, by the grace of God, king of Eng-
gave great pleaſure to the citizens. The king " land, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy;
having, in the year 1239, added ſome fortifica «s and Aquitain, and earl of Anjou ; to all
tions to the Tower of London, theſe buildings “ archbiſhops, biſhops, priors, earls, barons,
fell ſuddenly to the ground, and were totally de « juſtices, Sheriffs, rulers, miniſters, and all
ſtroyed. The ſatisfaction of the citizens on this e bailiffs, and his faithful ſubjects, greeting. I
event aroſe from their having been informed that Know ye, that we have ſeen a covenant
theſe additional buildings had been erected as pri 66 made between Richard earl of Cornwall, our
fons for ſuch of the Londoners as ſhould aſſert « brother, on the one part, and the mayor and
their ancient rights and privileges, in oppoſition « commonalty of the city of London, on the
to the will of their arbitrary ſovereign.
¢¢ other part, in theſe words: In the thirtieth
The river Thames having overflowed and bro year of the reign of Henry, the ſon of king
ken' down its banks at Lambeth, in the year co John, on the day of the tranſlation of St. Ed-
1242, a great inundation followed, which laid cc ward, this covenant was made at Weſtminſter;
the country totally under water for the ſpace of 66 between the right honourable man, Richard
fix miles, by which the inhabitants fuſtained pro 6 earl of Cornwall, on the one part, and John
digious damage.
bidu ilguole « Giſors, then mayor of the city of London,
* In the year 1243, Beatria, counteſs of Pro-
" and the commonalty of the fame city of Lon-
vence, mother to the queen of England, paid a " don, on the other part, for and concerning
viſit to this kingdom, and was received by the «s certain exactions and demands belonging to
Londoners with a ſplendor and magnificence, « Queenhithe, of the city of London ; that is
which are great teſtimonies of their loyalty to a a to ſay, that the ſaid earl hath granted for him
prince, who by his frequent exactions and arbi 65 and his heirs, that the ſaid mayor and all the
trary ſway, does not ſeem to have merited fo
great mayors after him, and all the commonalty of
a compliment.
«s the ſaid city, may have and hold the ſaid
The counteſs of Provence was attended by Queenhithe, with all their liberties, cuſtoms,
her daughter Cincia, bride to Richard, brother e and other things to the ſame belonging, in
w fee-farm, paying therefore yearly to the ſaid
earl, his heirs and aſſigns, fifty pounds, at
2. Then called Weſtebeap.
two terms in the year, at Clerkenwell; that
66
is

HISTORÍ and SURVEY of LONDON.
47
a is to ſay, at the cloſe of Eaſter twenty 7-five
is
common ſeal. We therefore, allowing and
66
“ pounds; and in Octavis of St. Michael twenty " approving the ſaid covenant, do, for us and
« five pounds; and for the more ſurety thereof, our heirs, grant and confirm the ſame: Theſe
to the part of the chirography remaining with “fame being witneſſes, Ralph, ſon of Nicholas,
« the mayor and commonalty of London, the « Richard de Grey, &c. given by our hand at
" ſaid earl hath put his ſeal; and to the writing " Windſor, the twenty ſixth day of February,
" thereof remaining with the ſaid earl, the " in the twenty-firſt year of our reign.
« foreſaid mayor and commonalty have ſet their
CH A P T E R IX.
zens.
London damaged by an earthquake. The original of Totbill fair. King Henry's cruel extor,
tion of money from the citizens. Quarrel between Richard the king's brother and the citis
The mayor depoſed. Charter granted by Henry. Eſcape of John Gate from New-
gate, with its conſequences. The goods of the citizens ſeized by order of the king. The
Sheriff's committed to the Marſhalſea, but bailed by the whole body of the citizens. The king
grants the citizens the liberty of pleading their own cauſe without employing a lawyer. The
city wall repaired. A ſervant of William de Valence, half-brother to the king, ſtoned to
death by the populace. Bakers convicted of Mal-practices, expoſed in the ſtreets in a dunga
cart. The firſt gold coined in London. Account of a terrible famine.
O
N the thirteenth of February 1247, there to live no longer under the immediate eye of ſo
happened a dreadful earthquake, which rapacious a tyrant.
threw down many of the houſes in the The king dreading left the depopulation of
city of London and occaſioned other conſidera the city of London ſhould deprive him of his
ble damage.
uſual reſources in time of neceſſity, iſſued an or-
King Henry lived in ſo profuſe and extravagant der for the magiſtrates of the city to attend him
a manner, that he was perpetually in want of mo. | in Weſtminſter Hall, where, in the preſence of
ney; and at length was reduced to ſuch extremity the nobility, he ſolemnly promiſed never to op-
for a fupply, as to entertain ſerious thoughts of preſs them again, but that they ſhould live in
ſelling his plate and jewels; and enquiring where the quiet poſſeſſion of the fruits of their in-
he could find a purchaſer, he was told in London, duſtry.
to which he replied “ thoſe clowniſh Londoners This, though it appeaſed the minds of the ci-
« who call themſelves barons, are an immenſe tizens for the preſent, appears to have been no-
“ treaſure of themſelves;" adding his opinion, | thing more than a vile piece of diffimulation ; for
« that “if the treaſure of Auguſtus Cæfar was in the year 1251, the king ordered proſecutions to
« to be ſold, the city of London could purchaſe be commenced againſt a body of Italian uſurers in
66 it."
London, who, under pretencc of being the pope's
Henry, however, did not diſpoſe of his jewels, merchants, had for a long time carried on a moſt
but had recourſe to a method full as effectual, to pernicious and deſtructive trade of uſury.
raiſe the ſums he wanted. This was no other than Hereupon ſeveral of the uſurers were taken up
the paſſing a grant to Richard de Crokeſley, ab and impriſoned, while others took ſanctuary until
bot of Weſtminſter, to hold an annual fair, for the affair could be accommodated with the king :
the ſpace of fifteen days, at Tothill, where the which, in fact, was eaſily affected, for upon pay-
ſtreet of that name now ftands.
ing his majeſty a large ſum of money, they were
This grant being made, his majeſty iſſued permitted to renew their pernicious trade, and to
ftrict orders, that during the time of Tothill fair continue it without moleſtation.
the citizens ſhould carry on no kind of trade, About the fame time the citizens were fum-
either publicly or privately; the conſequence of moned to Weſtminſter, where the king propoſed
which was, that the Londoners paid the king a to them the undertaking of the holy war, which
large ſum of money, to be rid of ſuch an intole being declined by the whole aſſembly except three
rable grievance.
perſons, Henry upbraided them in the moft ig.
Henry ſpent his Chriſtmas, in the year 1249, nominious terms; and ſhortly after not only o-
among the citizens of London ; begged confider bliged them to pay him a fine of twenty marks in
able lums of them by way of new-years gift, and gold (200 in ſilver) but ordered all the ſhops in
ſoon after he left the city, compelled them to pay the city to be kept ſhut, Tothill fair to be held
two thouſand pounds at once; not content with in the dead of winter, and four-pence a day to be
which arbitrary proceedings, he even encouraged paid by them for the maintenance of a white bear
his dependants to enter the ſhops of the citizens, in the Tower of London, and its keeper.
and forcibly take away their goods.
A quarrel happening; the next year, between
Henry's tyranny was now increaſed to ſuch a ſome of the king's domeſtics, and ſome young
degree, that many of the moſt eminent of the citizens (which quarrel was ſecretly ſet on foot by
citizens retired into the country, being reſolved | Henry) he ordered the citizens to pay him one
thouſand

48
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
es
thouſand marks, and afterwards iſſued a writ for of a ſum agreed by them to be paid towards the
diftraining the citizens for a tax called the queen's king's voyage into Gaſcony.
gold.
About the ſame time a priſoner in Newgate;
Shortly after, upon a quarrel between the citi named John Gate, otherwiſe Offrem, t having
zens, and Richard, the king's brother, relative made his eſcape, the king ordered the mayor and
to the exchange of ſome lands; the latter accuſed ſheriffs to attend him at the Tower of London,
the mayor of conniving at the iniquitous practices where, being ſatisfied of the innocence of the
of bakers who fold bread ſhort of weight; upon mayor; he ſuffered him to depart, but notwitha
which the king deprived the city of its moſt va ſtanding the charge againſt the ſheriffs was unſup-
luable liberties, ordained a guard to be ſet over ported by the leaſt ſhadow of truth or argument,
the inhabitants, and depoſed the mayor : How he confined them in the Tower for a month:
ever, Henry, granted them the following charter, It ſeems the ſtate of the caſe was this: the bi-
upon their paying ſix hundred marks to Richard, ſhop of London, as ſoon as the above criminal
and five hundred marks to himſelf.
was apprehended, deſired leave of the ſheriffs to
commit him to Newgate, which the fheriffs
“ Henry; by the grace of God, king of Eng: agreed to, on condition that the biſhop ſhould ap-
“ land, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy, and point proper perſons to prevent his eſcaping ; the
“ Aquitain, and earl of Anjou ; to his archbi biſhop accordingly ſet a guard over him, which
" ſhops, biſhops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, guard afliſted him in his elopement.
juſtices, ſheriffs, rulers, miniſters, and all his Notwithſtanding the truth of this appeared on
“ bailiffs and faithful people, greeting:
the examination of the ſheriffs at the Tower, the
“ Know ye, that we have granted for us and king compelled the citizens to pay a fine of
our heirs, and confirmed it by this our preſent three thouſand marks, and degraded both the
charter, that our mayor and citizens of Lon ſheriffs.
6 don may have and hold all their liberties and Shortly after this the citizens were ſummoned
« free cuſtoms, which they had in the time of to attend the king, to have their city I tallaged,
“ king Henry our grandfather, and which they when Henry demanded the ſum of three thouſand
« had by charters of our anceſtors, kings of marks; but after ſome deliberation with the prin-
England, as they more better and freely had cipal citizens, Ralph Hardel, the mayor, told the
“ the ſame, and they moſt freely and fully have || king that two thouſand marks ſhould, if he
6 and uſe the ſame for ever.
pleaſed, be immediately paid into the hands of
“ Alſo we have granted to the ſaid citizens, his treaſurer, but that they could not--they would
" that every mayor, whom they fhall chuſe in not give him any more.
our city of London, (we being not at Weſt Upon this, the king ordered his lawyers to ſeek
“ minſter) they may yearly preſent to the barons for a precedent for tallaging the city, and ſeve-
“ of our exchequer, that he may be admitted by ral being found, the citizens paid the ſum de-
them as mayor, ſo `notwithſtanding, at the manded without farther heſitation.
“ next coming of us or our heirs to Weſtminſter The ſheriffs being to diftrain the citizens for
or London, he be preſented to us or our heirs, the Aurum Regina, they at the return of the writ
“ and ſo admitted mayor. And we will and told the barons that they had not brought the
« command, for us and our heirs, that, out of money, not being able to find purchaſers for cerá
“ the farm of our city of London, there be al tain Vadia, $ which they had ſeized; upon which,
• lowed to our ſheriff of the ſaid city yearly, in they were ordered to attend the barons, and bring
s his ſaid account, ſeven pounds, at our exche the ſaid Vadia, on a day appointed.
quer, for the liberty of St. Paul's, London: The ſheriffs attended agreeable to their inſtruc-
" and that our faid citizens throughout all our tions, when they informed the barons, that above
« dominions as well on this ſide the ſea as be a thouſand citizens, conſiſting of drapers, fpicers,
« yond, be quit of all toll and cuſtom for ever, and other tradefnen, had made a ſtout reſiſtance,
as in the charters of the aforeſaid kings is and would not ſuffer their property to be carried
granted. And we forbid, upon our forfeiture, off.
« that none preſume henceforth to vex or dif Upon this declaration the ſheriffs were imme-
« quiet the ſaid citizens, contrary to this liberty, diately committed to the marſhalſea, but were
“ and our grant: theſe being witneſſes, the re ſpeedily bailed by the whole' community of Lon-
“ verend father P. biſhop of Hereford ; Richard, || don, repreſented in the perſons of Michael Tony,
66 earl of Cornwall, & c."
Robert Hardel, Thomas Adrian, and Simon de
Cobham.
În the year 1254 the fheriffs of London were This incenſing Henry, he degraded the mayor;
committed to the Marſhalſea priſon for the non appointed his under treaſurer Cuftos of the city,
payment of a tax they had agreed to pay to the and ſeized upon the liberties of the citizens, for
royal conſort, called Aurum Regina, * for the re the reſtoration of which they were obliged to
ftitution of their liberties; and in the ſame
year pay the enormous ſum of four thouſand
the fame perſons, together with the mayor, were marks.
again committed to the fame priſon, for arrears In the year 1257, the following articles was
1
ec
&G
* The queen's gold.
† This man had been convicted of murdering a prior, who
was related to the queen.
| The word tallage is derived from the French word
tailler, to Máre or cut out a part, and implies a ſhare or part
of the value of eny man's goods or chattels; and was uſed as
a general term, including all ſubſidies, taxes, &c.
Ş Goods.
made
1

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
49
made uſe of by * Henry, by the means of which The day after, a folkmote was, by order of
he continued his ſhameful exactions, and op the king, held at St. Paul's croſs; and, the af
preſſed the citizens in a greater degree, if poſſible, || ſembly being very numerous, the accuſed alder-
than ever.
men were fearful that the artful inſinuations of
Under pretence of having found at Windſor, Manſell might prejudice the populace ſo much
a roll of crimes committed by the city magiſtrates, in their disfavour, as to approve of the meaſures
he ordered John Manſell, his chief juſtice to ſum taken againſt them; they therefore threw them-
mon a t folkmote at St. Paul's church, to read ſelves on the king's mercy, which being made
the accuſations, and to order the aldermen to known to him, they were ordered to attend the
chufe an inquiſition of thirty-fix perſons out of next day at Weſtminſter, when they were told
their reſpective wards; the aldermen appeared that the court had awarded, that they ſhould be
according to their ſummons, but peremptorily fined at their diſcretion, but that the king had
refuſed to act contrary to the rights and eſtabliſhed been graciouſly pleaſed to mitigate their fines;
cuſtoms of the city.
for which they returned thanks in court upon
Hereupon Manſell withdrew, and making the their knees: but notwithſtanding this ſhew of
king acquainted with the behaviour of the citi mercy, Henry was no ſooner departed than they
zens, they were next day ordered to attend him at were all put under an arreſt; however, they
Weſtminſter, but he ſent them back without ſee ſoon procured fufficient ſecurity, and, after pay-
ing them, and ordered Manſell, attended by his ing immenſe ſums, were reſtored at once to their
council, to return to the city: the citizens, by former offices and the favour of the king.
order, being aſſembled at Guildhall, Manſell, At a folkınote held at St. Paul's croſs the day
with great plauſibility, told them that the king, before the feaſt of St. Leonard, Henry acquaint-
his maſter, intended to puniſh ſeverely all ſuch ed the citizens with his deſign of viſiting his
perſons as had been acceſſary to oppreſſing his foreign dominions ; declaring that he would ever
faithful commonalty of the city of London, and preſerve their rights and liberties; and at the
aſked them, if ſuch a proceeding would not be ſame time granted them the following very ad-
agreeable to them : the unthinking multitude vantageous privilege, viz.
unanimouſly cried out “ yea, yea.”-And Manſell " That for the future every citizen ſhould have
immediately iſſued his orders for electing the “ liberty to plead his own cauſe, without being
conftable of the Tower, Cuſtos of the city, and obliged to employ a lawyer, except in pleas
John Adrian and Michael Tony, ſheriffs : the " that might concern the crown; that the wil-
people inſtantly ſaw their error, and breaking up “ dom of the court being certified of the truth
the aſſembly, returned forrowfully to their reſpec os of the affair, without any colouring, they
tive habitations.
might decree equal and juſt judgment to the
A ſhort time after, Manſell ſummoned the ci parties concerned.”
tizens to attend him at Guild-hall, where he The walls and bulwarks of the city being in
choſe out of themi an inquiſition of thirty-ſix, a ruinous condition, the citizens, by the command
who, like the former, not acting, they, together of Henry, repaired the ſame at a prodigious ex-
with the mayor, aldermen, and four men from
pence.
each ward, were ordered to attend the king in In the ſame year a perſon in the ſervice of
Weſtminſter-hall, where Ralph Hardel, the late William de Valence, half brother to the king,
mayor, Nicholas Batt, Nicholas Fitzjoſne, Mat- || having, without the ſmalleſt degree of provo-
thew Buckerell, John Toleſham, and John le cation, dangerouſly wounded ſeveral of the citi-
Mynourie, were informed that they were found zens,
was ſtoned to death by the populace ;
guilty, by the inquiſition of their fellow citizens; at which Henry was ſo highly offended, that he
and the charge being read, they ſolemnly avowed commanded the mayor immediately to attend him.
their innocence of every article, and begged they The mayor obeyed the ſummons, and, in his
might be allowed to put themſelves upon trial, defence, faid, that it was not poſſible for him to
and be condemned or acquitted by a jury of their ſtop the reſentment of the affronted populace,
countrymen.
with which excuſe the king appeared fatisfied,
This was denied, and they were again ordered Shortly after, a court of itinerancy was held
to attend the king and council, at the ſame place, in London by Sir Hugh Bigot, when a great
the next day, when Henry ſpeaking with much number of bakers, convicted of ſelling bread
warmth, two of them were ſo greatly terrified, ſhort of weight, and other mal-practices, were
that they directly threw themſelves upon his carried through the ſtreets in a dung cart, and
mercy, while the reſt deſired to be tried by the expoſed to the reſentment of the populace; and
laws of the city; but this requeſt not being com at the ſame time the above named judge ordered
plied with, the charge was again ordered to be many perſons to be puniſhed for having been
read to them, when each of them anſwered fully || guilty of divers proceedings totally inconſiſtent
to every article, and they were for that time diſ with the rights and privileges of the citizens.
miſſed.
A penny of püre gold, was, this year, coined,
* Tho' moſt authors are, with us, of opinion that Henry
was the contriver of this fraud, Manwood tells us, that the
roll of fictitious crimes was dropped in the king's ward-
robe at Windſor, by fome diſcontented citizens.
The word Folkmote fignifies a general aſſembly of the
people, which uſed to be held in St. Paul's church.yard; to
5
which they were ſummoned by the ringing of a great bell,
in a tower erected near the eaſt end of St. Paul's church,
which meeting was looked upon as the ſupreme aſſembly of
the city, and was empowered to call the magiſtrates to ac:
count for miſgovernment, to examine and determine the li-
be ties and cufloms by a majority of voices, &co
N
by
A

50
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
by order of the king, weighing two ſterlings, and caſioned the death of about twenty thouſand
which is fuppoſed to have been the firſt gold perſons.
coined in England.
To heighten the diſtreſs of the citizens, mo-
Towards the end of the ſame year a dreadful ney was, at the ſame time exceedingly ſcarce,
famine happened, occaſioned by too much rain, the king's extortions, together with thoſe of the
when wheat was fold for no leſs than one pound || pope, and the ſum of ſeven hundred thouſand
four ſhillings per quarter.
pounds, being carried into Germany by Richard,
We are informed by an ancient hiſtorian, that | king of the Romans, having drained the nation
at this ſevere ſeaſon he ſaw a number of citizens to ſuch a degree, that it was with great difficulty
fighting for carrion and dead dogs, and that they the moſt eminent citizens ſupported themſelves
drank the waſh, which was uſually given to ſwine; and their families.
and by another hiſtorian we are told, that it oc-
CH A P T E R X. nu
A parliament held at Oxford, in which the ancient rights and privileges of the people were
eſtabliſhed. The citizens entertain king Henry and his brother the king of the Romans.
Proceedings in the city during Henry's abſence in France. The houſes of ſeveral Jews plun-
dered. Prince Edward robs the knights templars of ten thouſand pounds. Reſolution of the
mayor to expel all aliens from the city. A regular watch appointed in every ward of Lon-
don. Above five hundred Jews maſacred in London. A battle between the king and his
ſubjects, in which his majeſty is taken priſoner. An act to diveſt the citizens of their liberties.
Several citizens impriſoned at Windſor. Matters accommodated between the Londoners and
the king, who grants them a charter of remiſion.
T
HE whole nation ſeverely feeling the ill ceived with every mark of reſpect, and the city
conſequences of the oppreſſions of their was embelliſhed in a moſt fumptuous manner ;
avaricious and tyrannical monarch, it and ſhortly after the king, confirmed the privile-
was determined in a parliament held at Oxford in ges of the company of German or Anſeatic
the year 12 18, at once to ſhake off the burden; merchants, at the requeſt of the king of the
and they accordingly took ſuch meaſures as ſoon Romans.
procured a ratification of many ancient rights and Henry deſigning to viſit France, fummoned a
privileges which had been infamouſly violated by || folkmote, which was held on the ſixth of No-
Henry.
vember, the ſame year, when he aſſured the citi-
Meſſengers were diſpatched to London to in zens in an affectionate ſpeech, that he would pre-
form the citizens of the ſteps the parliament of ſerve their liberties free from all encroachments;
Oxford had taken, to ſhew to them a confirma and enjoined the mayor to be doubly vigilant,
cion of their liberties, figned by Henry and his || during his abſence, to preſerve peace and good in
brother, and to know if they would upon every order among the citizens.
occaſion act in defence of the ſaid rights and pri A great diffention happening, during the king's
vileges.
abfence, between the earl of Glouceſter and
The citizens, after calling a folkmote, and prince Edward, a parliament was ſummoned to
debating on the ſubject, aſſented, and folemnly meet at Weſtminſter, where the prince and earl,
ſwore to maintain their rights from the ſmalleſt attended by numerous and armed retinues, ſoon
infringement.
arrived to ſupport their oppoſite intereſts in par-
In conſequence of theſe ſtatutes paſſing into a liament; and both parties deſigning to lodge
law, except two tons of wine, at two pounds || in the city, the mayor thought it prudent to ad-
per ton, which the king was allowed out of every viſe with the regency; who, after calling to their
ſhip, the king's purveyors were obliged to aſſiſtance the king of the Romans, determined
pay ready money for every thing they had in that the mayor ſhould not give admittance to
London.
either of them, but that every citizen of the age
At the cloſe of this year, the perſons appointed of fifteen ſhould be immediately furniſhed with
to collect money for repairing the city walls were arms, in order to defend themſelves on the occa-
detected in embezzling conſiderable ſums, but, ſion, if force ſhould be attempted ; and, at the
contrary to expectation, through the interceſſion ſame time, a prodigious number of armed men
of Manſell, they were pardoned, on paying a were brought by the king's brother, and two of
confiderable ſum of money to the king's trea the regency, into the city, where they continued
furer,
till the diſpute was ended.
In February 1259, Henry, his brother Richard, The king arriving, during the ſitting of par-
king of the Romans, and their queens, made a liament, from France, he ordered the prince to
public entry into the city, where they were re reſide at Weſtminſter, and the earl in London,
lodging

HISTORY and SURVEY of LOND O N.
51
ss the city."
lodging himſelf at the biſhop of London's palace; A meſſenger arriving, at the ſame time, from
and the affair was ſhortly after compromiſed to the barons, to know if the Londoners would join
the entire fatisfaction of the parties concerned. them, the mayor, Thomas Fitz Thomas, carried
Henry, diſſatisfied with the ſtatutes made and the letter to the king, who then held his court in
figned at Oxford, determined to break through the Tower of London, and who directly aſked
the reſtrictions there laid upon him: but, ſenſible the mayor his opinion, as to the meaſures proper
that he muſt firſt gain the Londoners to his in to be taken. The mayor deſired he might be per-
tereft, he ſummoned a folkmote, which was held mitted to conſult his brother citizens, which re-
at St. Paul's croſs the day before valentine's day || queſt not being complied with, he told the king,
in the year 1260, where he ordered every citizen that he and his brethren, the aldermen and com-
more than twelve years of age to be ſworn, before • monalty of London had been frequently ſworn
the mayor and aldermen, to be true and faithful to obey all ſuch ordinances as had been made to
to their king and his heirs, and enjoined the mayor “ the honour of God, the intereſt of the king, and
always to have a number of armed men in readi “ the good of the kingdom ; which oaths they
neſs to ſuppreſs any commotions in, or attempts 6 thought themſelves obliged in conſcience to
upon the city.de Los
set “ keep ; and that to prevent any further miſun-
The next year Henry renewed his precaution, " derſtanding between him and his nobility, on
and after having the city wall, together with the account of foreigners reſiding in London, they
fortifications of the Tower of London repaired, “ had taken a reſolution to expel all aliens from
he, a third time, ſwore the citizens to adhere to
him, and then ſent a powerful body of guards • To this the king made no reply, conſcious that
into the city, and ordered proclamation to be the preſent period was a very improper one to
made, that he would maintain all perſons that ſhew any kind of reſentment; and the mayor, on
would enter into his ſervice.
his return, gave the barons a particular account
All this management was nearly overturned by of the whole tranſaction:
an injudicious ſeizure of ſeveral ſhips loaded with While theſe affairs were in agitation, it was
corn, by the conſtable of the Tower, which ſo thought a point of prudence that the city ſhould
greatly irritated the citizens, that they were with be well guarded ; upon which a ſtrong guard was
great difficulty appeaſed ; however, it was deter appointed in the day time, and in the night time
mined by the chief juſtice Baffet, that the keeper there was a regular patrol of horſe and foot guards.
of the Tower ſhould, in future, come to the mar A ſet of thieves, taking advantage of this cir-
ket in the city to purchaſe corn for the king and || cumſtance, pretended to be a part of the foot
the inhabitants of the Tower, and that it ſhould || guard, and entering the houſes of many of the
be ſold to him for two pence in the quarter leſs || citizens, with the plea of ſearching for ſtrangers,
than the aſſize fixed by the mayor.
committed a great number of robberies. To pre-
A quarrel happening on the ninth of Novem veňt theſe practices, a regular watch was appoint-
ber following, between a chriftian and a jew, in ed in every ward; and the barons were admitted
the church of St. Mary Cole, at the corner of the into the city ſoon afterwards.
Old Jury in the Poultry, the latter dangerouſly Hereupon the king concluded a treaty with the
wounded the former, and attenipted to eſcape, barons and citizens, in which he engaged to abide
but being purſued, he was overtaken and ſtabbed; || by the ſtatutes made at Oxford; ſoon after which
and the mob, in the height of their fury, plun he removed from the Tower to Weſtminſter, and
dered and deſtroyed the houſes of ſeveral other ſent a meſſage to the mayor and citizens of Lon-
jews.
don, in which he enjoined them to preſerve the
The year following, the river Thames was fro peace of the metropolis.
zen over in ſuch a manner, that not only men, But the barons, with a view to ingratiate them-
women, and children, paſſed over it, but it be- || felves ſtill farther, into the good opinion of the
came a highway for the heavieſt carriages. Londoners, undertook to procure the king's chara
In the year 1262, a cauſe was tried between ter to confirm all their ancient liberties, and to
the Londoners and the abbot of Weſtminſter, grant them ſuch farther privileges, as they thought
when it appeared by the verdict of the jury, || might contribute to the proſperity of the city.
which conſiſted of twelve knights of the county || In this, however, the barons engaged for more
of Middleſex, that the ſheriff of London had than they could perform; for Henry had no other
a right to enter the town of Weſtninſter, and all view in making his laſt conceſſions, than to gain
the houſes in Middleſex belonging to che abbot, time to ſtrengthen his party, which he foon ef-
and to diſtrain his tenants in caſe of non-appear fected, by prevailing with ſome of the barons to
ance on a proper ſummons.
eſpouſe his cauſe.
Prince Edward returning from Wales in the Affairs were in this ſituation, when the citizens,
year 1263, repaired to the temple of the knights reſolved to ſubmit no longer to the arbitrary
templars, which he broke open, and took from will of ſo deſpotic a monarch, marched into
their treaſury the ſum of ten thouſand pounds ; Lambeth Fields to give him battle: but it was
at which the citizens were ſo highly irritated, that there agreed by both parties, that Lewis, king
they inſtantly took to their arms, and aſſaulted of France, ſhould arbitrate the matters in diſpute
and plundered the houſes of lord Gray and di between them.
vers other courriers, and unanimoudy reſolved to During the interval in which they waited for
join the barons, who, being informed, that the the determination of the French monarch, it
king had violated his oath made to them at Ox happened, in the week preceding Eaſter, in the
ford, were raiſing a powerful army. In het year i 264; that a jew having demanded more
than

52
HISTORY and SURV E r of LONDON.
than legal intereſt for the loan of twenty ſhillings Notwithſtanding the paſſing of this law, ſome
for a week, the populace aſſembled in all parts of the citizens were for defending themſelves to
of the city, attacked the jews with ſo diabolical the laſt extremity ; but the fears of the majority
à rage, that above five hundred of them were prevailing over their courage, it was finally re-
moſt inhumanly murdered, their ſynagogue and ſolved to ſubmit themſelves to the king's cle-
their houſes deſtroyed, and thoſe who eſcaped | mency:
through the humanity of particular perſons, were In conſequence of this reſolution, an inſtru-
ſecured in the Tower of London from farther in ment in writing was drawn up, to which the feal
fult.
of the city was affixed, and after great applica-
The French king having given his award in tion had been made, the king determined to ac-
favour of Henry, the barons accuſed Lewis of || cept their ſubmiſſion, and gave his fafe-conduct
partiality, had immediate recourſe to arms, and to the mayor, aldermen, and forty of the prin-
eaſily engaged the populace of London to embark cipal citizens, to attend him at Windſor.
in the fame cauſe; and theſe imagining that ſome The citizens, conſidering this fafe-conduct as
of the aldermen and principal citizens were in a full ſecurity to their perſons, repaired to Wind-
the intereſt of the king, they uſurped the go for, where they were treated with great indignity,
vernment of the city, re-choſe Thomas Fitz and committed to the care of the conſtable of the
Thomas for mayor, and engaged to take up caſtle, who confined them in a large tower, where
arms on a ſignal given by the tolling of the great they were very meanly accommodated.
bell of St. Paul's.
On the evening of the following day they were
The conſtable of the Tower, with a body of all removed to lodgings prepared for tliem, except
men under his command, having joined the citi Fitz-Thomas, the mayor, Michael Tony, Stephen
zens, they marched to Ifeſworth, where they de Buckerell, Thomas Pywelldon, and John Fleet,
ſtroyed the palace of the king of the Romans ; who being conſidered as ringleaders in the late
and on their return pulled down the king's ſum rebellion, were, notwithſtanding their ſafe-con-
mer houſe in the neighbourhood of Weſtmin- duct, delivered to prince Edward, to be deale
ſter,
with as he ſhould think proper; and by his or-
Theſe feats being atchieved, they returned in ders they were cloſely confined in priſon, till they
triumph to the city, joined the earl of Leiceſter, paid what was demanded for their ranſom.
and marched, under his command, to give battle His majeſty having diſmiſſed the city magiſ-
to the king : but his majeſty retreated into Kent, trates from their offices, appointed Humphrey
where he prevailed upon the cinque ports to ſend de Bohun, earl of Hertford, John de Baliol, Ro-
a number of ſhips to block up the river Thames, ger de Leyburn, and Roger de Walerand, guar-
ſo as to prevent the port of London from receiv dians of this city; and iſſued a writ to them, in
ing a ſupply of proviſions or merchandize. which he recited, that " Whereas the mayor, ci-
The forces under the command of the earl of “ tizens, and whole community of London, had
Leiceſter, together with a great body of Lon " ſubmitted themſelves, both as to their lives
doners, immediately marched in purſuit of the " and limbs, together with their lands, tenements,
king; and encamping at a place called Flexen " and eſtates to the king's mercy, they were to
with, in Suſſex, within five miles of the royal “ cauſe proclamation to be made, that his peace
army, diſpatched the biſhops of London and “ ſhould be kept in the city and parts adjacent,
Worceſter, to propoſe terms of accommodation. " Given at Windſor the fixth of October.”
Henry rejecting their propoſals with diſdain, a Not content with this, his majeſty ſeized on
battle enſued, in which prince Edward, with the the eſtates of many of the chief citizens, and
troops under his command, attacked that wing || gave to his domeſtics their houſes, moveable ef-
of the army which conſiſted of Londoners, who fects, lands and chattels. He likewiſe cauſed the
being altogether undiſciplined, were ſoon put to fons of other citizens to be impriſoned in the
flight:
Tower, as a ſecurity of the good behaviour of
Prince Edward purſued them four miles, mak- || their parents ; and he detained four of the richeſt
ing a terrible ſlaughter ; but this injudicious con citizens, among whom was Thomas Fitz-Thoa
duct occafioned the royal army to be totally mas, priſoners at Windſor, till they purchaſed
routed ; and the earl of Leiceſter took the king || their liberty at a moſt exorbitant price.
of England, the king of the Romans, and prince The unfortunate citizens, wearied out with
Edward priſoners.
thefe continual oppreſſions, and dreading ſtill
Leiceſter now preſuming to uſurp the govern greater and more accumulated miſeries, moſt
ment into his own hands, his party were ſo greatly humbly addreſſed themſelves to the king, and
diſguſted that many of them joined that of the beſought him to name a ſum which he would ac-
king; and prince Edward making his eſcape from cept, as a full token of his reconciliation, and a
impriſonment, marched againſt Leiceſter, and remiſſion of all paſt offences.
gave him battle, in which che earl and one of his The tyrant demanded ſixty thouſand marks ;
fons were killed.
an immenſe fum at that period of time! but this
About Chriſtmas the king fummoned a parlia the Londoners declared themſelves unable to pay,
ment to meet at Weſtminſter, who were ſo ex without involving many innocent families in
tremely ſubſervient to the will of his majeſty, ruin; and therefore intreated the king to lower
that they made a law, ordaining, “ that the city his demands to ſuch a ſum as they ſhould be able
of London, for its late rebellion, ſhould be to collect for him.
s diveſted of its liberties, its poſts and chains At length Henry agreed to accept twenty
" taken away, and its principal citizens impri- || thouſand marks, as a full reftitution for all of
ſoned, and left to the mercy of the king." fences; and the citizens having given ſecurity
for

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
53
6
for the payment of this ſum, the king granted 66 on account of the late rebellion ; except the
them the following charter of remiſſion.
goods and chattels of the perſons already men-
“ Henry by the grace of God, king of Eng. 66 tioned, which we have given to our ſon Ed-
s lord of Ireland, and duke of Guyan, to all 66 ward; and alſo, all the lands and tenements
men greeting.
" that ſhall eſcheat to us, by reaſon of the fore-
" Know ye, that in conſideration of twenty c6 faid rebellion. And we likewiſe grant, that
5 thouſand marks, paid to us by our citizens 6c all the citizens confined in our ſeveral priſons
* of London, as an atonement for their great 66 ſhall be diſcharged; except thoſe given as
os crimes and miſdemeanours committed againſt pledges to our ſon Edward for his priſoners,
us, our royal confort, our royal brother Ri 66 and thoſe for citizens that are fed. In witneſs
"chard, king of the Romans, and our dear ſon s whereof we have made theſe letters patents.
" Edward : That we have and do by theſe pre “ Witneſs myſelf at Northampton, the tenth
6 ſents remit, forgive, and acquit, for us and
our day of January, in the fiftieth year of
" heirs, the citizens of London and their heirs, " our reign."
“ of all crimes and treſpaſſes whatſoever ; and Hereupon the king, on the day following,
“ that the ſaid citizens, as formerly, ſhall enjoy || ſigned a warrant for the diſcharge of all the pri-
« all their rights and liberties; and that froni ſoners not excepted in the pardon above recited;
< Chriſtmas laſt they ſhall and may receive the and two ſeneſchals whom his majeſty had appointed
rents and profits of all their lands and tene to govern the city, being diſmiſſed, the citizens
ments whatſoever: And alſo, that the ſaid made choice of William Fitz-Richard for mayor,
66 citizens ſhall have all the goods and chattels and Thomas le Ford, and Gregory de Rockeſly
“ of ſuch criminals, as have or ſhall be indicted were choſen ſheriffs.
od 15 bb
CH A P T E R XI.
Do 331
T
The citizens collect the twenty thouſand marks for the king. Conteſted election of a mayor.
London ſurprized by the earl of Glouceſter. Matters accommodated between the king and
the earl, and an important charter granted to the citizens of London. The ſheriffs or bailiffs
account of profits ariſing to the king in the city. A deſperate battle by night, between the
Goldſmiths, Merchant-Taylors, and other citizens. A ſevere froſt in 1269, and exceffive
rains in the year following. A dreadful famine. Several perſons killed by the falling of
the ſteeple of Bow-cburch.
piccoqubo
HE government of the city being thus he was not yet diſcharged from his confinement
ſettled, and affairs beginning to wear a at Windſor.
more favourable aſpect than they had At length, Souche's party, being ſupported
done for a conſiderable time paſt, the citizens by the court, carried the election by force, and
loft no time in collecting the twenty thouſand || ſeizing many of their opponents, committed them
marks which they had engaged to pay to the to priſon; whereupon Souche was declared duly
king: when not only the houſe-holders, but elected.
lodgers and ſervants were aſſeſſed towards raiſing In the ſame year likewiſe, Gilbert de Clare,
this ſum ; and many perſons, unable to bear the earl of Glouceſter, together with many of the
weight of this tax, were disfranchiſed. rörli barons, having raifed a numerous arnıy, under
Not long after this, the king iſſued an order pretence of affifting the king in a war againſt
for the payment of three-pence per day to each France, but in reality favouring the deſigns of
of the keepers of the ſeven gates of this city. a number of rebels in the Ine of Ely; the earl
In the year 1267, the citizens preſented an procured the regent's permiſſion to quarter a part
humble petition to the king, for permiſſion to of his forces in the city of London.
chuſe two bailiffs, to take the cuſtody of London - The forces had been thus ſtationed but a fhort
and the county of Middleſex ; which being ac time, before the earl began to diſcover his real
cepted, his majeſty ordered the barons of the intentions, and a ſtrong party of the rebels ar-
exchequer to admit the ſaid bailiffs, when regu riving in Southwark, he then threw off the maſk
larly preſented to them ; upon which the Lon at once. Soos
doners made choice of two of their fellow citi. Hereupon the magiſtrates drew up the draw-
zens, who took an oath of fidelity to the king, bridge, and ſhut the gates of the city: but the
and to the citizens of London.
earl took the keys from the mayor, and delivered
In the year abovementioned, there was a vio them to perſons attached to his caufe ; ſo that the
lent diſpute between the magiſtrates and the com rebels had free admiſſion into the city, and the
mon citizens reſpecting the election of a mayor ; citizens were ſo alarmed that many of them ab-
when a folkmote being held on the occaſion, the fconded; whereupon the earl immediately ſeized
aldermen and the principal citizens were for elect their effects, and began to ſecure the city by addi-
ing Allen Souche to that office; but the inferior tional fortifications. ved
people declared for Thomas Fitz-Thomas, tho'
The populace now ſecured the perſons of ſuch
5
of

54
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
66
66
of the aldermen as were known to be in the in ce of late we have received again into our grace
tereſt of the king, committed them to priſon, " and favour, after divers treſpaſſes and for-
and divided their effects among themſelves. 66 feitures of them and their commonalty to us
They likewiſe degraded the mayor and theriffs, 66 made, for the which, both for life and mem-
and choſe others in their ſtead.doe Isi Din
" ber, and all other things belonging to the
Matters were in this ſituation when the earl of “ faid city, they have ſubmitted themſelves to
Glouceſter inveſted the Tower of London ; but our will; that none of them be compelled to
he was vigorouſly oppoſed by the pope's legate, “ plead out of the walls of the faid city, for
and a great number of jews who had retired thi any thing except foreign tenures, and except
ther for ſecurity, is
our monyers and officers, and except thoſe
This oppoſition gave time to the king, who " things which ſhall happen to be done againſt
was then at Cambridge, to march to the relief of our peace, which, according to the common
the Tower, with an army of thirty thouſand 56 law of our realm, are wont to be determined
French and Scots, which his fon Edward had " in the parts where thofe treſpaſſes were done ;
raiſed.
cs and except pleas concerning merchandizes,
The king taking Windſor in his way to Lon “ which are wont to be determined according to
don, halted at that place; when the idea of his “ the law-merchant in boroughs and fairs, ſo
majeſty's near approach fo terrified the earl of
yet notwithſtanding that thoſe plaints be de-
Glouceſter that he made propoſals of accommo “ termined in the boroughs and fairs, by four
dation. Theſe, however, the king rejected with or five of the ſaid citizens of London, who
diſdain ; upon which a day was appointed to de " ſhall be there prefent; ſaving to us the amer-
cide che affair by a battle on Hounſlow Heath. " ciaments in any wife coming, which they ſhall
The king and his army attended at the ap faithfully anſwer us and our heirs, upon pain
pointed place; but their opponents not making " of grievous forfeitures.
their appearance, his majeſty marched towards “ We have alſo granted to our fame citizens
London, and wheeling to the eaſt, encamiped acquittal of murder in the ſaid city and in
near Stratford, from whence he attempted to 6 Portfoken, and that none of the ſaid citizens
aſſault the city, at ſeveral different times, for may wage battle ; and that for the pleas be-
the ſpace of two months, but without effect. longing to the crown, chiefly thoſe which may
In the interim, Glouceſter diſpatched differene || « chance within the ſaid city and ſuburbs there-
parties to råvage and lay waſte the counties of “ of, they may diſcharge themſelves according
Kent and Surry, where they met with no oppo to the ancient cuſtom of the ſaid city ; this
poſition, and returned laden with booty.
notwithſtanding except, that upon the graves
They now repaired to Weſtminſter, where “ of the dead, for that which they ſhould have
they did great damage to the abbey, broke the " ſaid, if they had lived, it ſhall not be lawful
doors and windows of the king's palace, and preciſely to ſwear; but inſtead and place of
ſeized upon his wine and the richeſt of his furni 66 thoſe deceaſed, which before their deaths, to
diſcharge thoſe which for concerning the things
Four of theſe banditti being taken, were diſ belonging to the crown, were called and re-
covered to be ſervants of the earl of Derby : ceived, there may other free and lawful men
upon which that nobleman ordered them to be “ be choſen, which may do and accompliſh that
tied
up in ſacks, and thrown into the Thames, " without delay, which by the deceaſed ſhould
which ſentence was accordingly executed. to have been done, if they had lived; and that
By this time the earl of Glouceſter was re " within the walls of the city and in Portſoken
duced to great extremities, his army being abſo-
none may
take lodgings by force, or delivery
lutely in want of proviſions ; ſo that he made a 66 of the marſhal.
virtue of necefficy, and by the interpoſition of “ We have alſo granted to our ſaid citizens
the king of the Romans, at length accommodated throughout all our dominions, wherefoever
all matters in diſpute between him and Henry, so they come to dwell with their merchandizes
and the citizens of London were included in this « and things, and alſo throughout all the fea
accommodation.
pl
ports as well as on this fide as beyond the feas,
Though Henry granted the Londoners a full “ they ſhall be free of all toll and laſtage, and of
pardon
« due
“ ;
damage they had heretofore done to his palace at to ſay, one tun before the maſt, and of one
Iſleſworth.
“ other behind the maſt, at twenty ſhillings
The behaviour of the citizens in the late tranf " the tun, to be paid in ſuch form as we and
actions being eſteemed rather the effect of com our anceſtors have been accuſtomed to have
pulſion than choice, his majefty in the year 1268 " the ſaid prices ; and if any in any of our
granted them the following charter.
« lands, on this fide or beyond the ſeas, or in
noun
loro " the ports of the faid fea, on this ſide or be
5 « Henry, by the grace of God, king of Eng as yond the ſeas, ſhall take of the men of Lon-
56 land, lord of Ireland, duke of Aquitain ; to " don toll, or any cuſtom contrary to this our
« his archbiſhops, biſhops, abbots, priors, earls, grant, (except the aforeſaid prices) after he
barons, ſheriffs, juſtices, rulers, miniſters, and " ſhall fail of right, the ſheriff may take goods
all bailiffs, and his faithful ſubjects, greeting.
us therefore at London.
“ Know ye, that we have granted to our ci “ We have alſo granted to them, that the
<< tizens of London, for us and our heirs, whom “ Huftings might be kept in eyery week once
€ the
ture.
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
$5
66
66
65
Co the week, and that only by one day; or as as for the damages, which any may have of
as notwithſtanding that thoſe things within the “ fuch recognizances, if the fame happen to be
« fame day cannot be determined, may continue fallly done under their names: And for every
9 till next morning, and no longer; and that 6 pound to be enrolled in the exchequer, one
« right be holden to them for their lands and penny to be paid to our uſe, for the charge
“Tenures within the ſame city, according to 6 of fuftentation of thoſe which muſt attend to
es the cuſtom of the ſaid city ; ſo as nevertheleſs, « ſuch enrolling: Thefe liberties and free cuſ-
15 that as well foreigners as others may make toms we grant to them, to hold to them and
" their attorneys, as well in pleading as defend “ their heirs, fo long as they : ſhall well and
ing, as elſewhere in our courts; and they « faithfully behave themſelves to us and our
may not be queftioned as miſkenning in any heirs, together with all their juft and reaſon-
u their pleas; that is to ſay, if they have not « able cuſtoms, which in time of us and our
" declared altogether well; and of all their debts "s predeceſſors heretofore they have had, as well
65 which were lent at London, and promiſes there “ for manner of pleading of their tenures; debts,
“ made, pleas be there holden, according to the « and promiſes, as for all other cauſes whatſo-
6 juft and ancient cuſtom
ever, concerning both them and the famé
“Furthermore, we do alſo grant, toward the city: So long as the cuſtoms be not contrary
C amendment of the aforefaid city, that all be to right, law and juſtice ; faving in all
66 quit of childwite and jereſgive, and from things the liberty of the church of Weſtmin-
« fcotale ; ſo that our ſheriffs of London, nor "6fter to the abbots and monks of the fame
any other bailiff, ſhall not make any ſcotale : place, to them granted by the charters of us
cand alſo, that the faid citizens may juſtly have 6 and our predeceffors, kings of England: but,
*6 and hold their lands, tenures or premiſes ; as touching our jews and merchant ſtrangers,
" and alſo their debes, whoſoever do owe them ; 66 and other things out of our foreſaid grant
" and that no merchant or other do meet with touching us or our faid city, we and our heirs
any merchant coming by land or by water, “ ſhall provide as to us ſhall ſeem expedient.
16 with their merchandizes or victuals, towards " Theſe being witneffes ; Richard king of
“ the city, to buy or ſell again, 'till they come “ Almain, our brother; Edward our firſt
to the ſaid city, and there have put the ſame “ fon; Roger of Mortimer; Roger de Clif-
to ſale, upon the forfeiture of the things ford; Roger Leybourn; Robert Watrand;
brought, and pain of impriſonment; from " Robert Aquiln. Mi. Godfrey; Gifford our
66 whence he ſhall not eſcape without great 16 chancellor; Walter de Merton; John
« puniſhment;
that none fhew out their
« Cheſhil, archdeacon of London; Johri
wares to fell, who owe any cuſtom, 'till the " de la Lind; William de Aette, and
5 cuſtom thereof be levied, without great pu << others. Given by our hand at Weſtmin-
« niſhment, and upon pain of forfeiture of all Set ofter, the twenty-fixth day of March, in
< that commodity, of him that happens to " the two and fiftieth year of our reign.”
“ do otherwiſe : and that no merchant, ſtranger, His majeſty, by the above-recited charter,
or other, may buy or ſell any warës, which
grants a remiſſion of all paſt offences, confirms
« ought to be weighed or troned, unleſs by our all their ancient privileges except the chuſing of
“ beams or trone, upon forfeiture of the ſaid their magiftrates, and prohibits the foreſtalling of
et wares.
the markets, under ſevere penalties.
5. Moreover, thoſe debts, which of their Soon after this, his majeſty iſſued his precept
66 contracts or loans ſhall be due unto them, to Allen Souche the mayor, to preſent to him fix
“ may cauſe to be enrolled in our exchequer, perſons eligible to the office of ſheriff, two of
“ for the more furety of them upon the recog whom, viz. Walter Harvey and William de
• nizance of thoſe who ſhall ſtand bound unto Durham, were appointed to that office by the
66 them in the ſaid debts : ſo as nevertheleſs, name of bailiffs.
that no debts be enrolled upon the recogni The ſaid bailiffs having delivered to the king
“ zance of any perſon who is not there known ; an account of the profits ariſing to his majeſty in
" or unleſs it be manifeſted concerning his perſon | the city for the ſpace of half a year, we ſhall
66 by the teſtimony of fix or four lawful men, fubjoin it as a curioſity, as we find it in Madox's
« who be ſufficient to anſwer as well for the debt Hiſtory of the Exchequer.
By the amount of tronages (the king's weigh-houſe) and petty ftrandages.
97 13 IL
By the amount of cuſtoms of all ſorts of foreign merchandizes, together with the
ifſues of divers paſſages
75 6 10
By the metage of corn, and cuſtoms at Billingſgate
5 18
7
By the cuſtoms of fiſh, &c. brought to London-bridge-Street
7
By the iſſue of the field and bars of Smithfield
dhe
4 7
6
By toll raiſed at the city gates, and duties on the river of Thames, weſtward of the bridge
2
By ſtallages, duties ariſing from the markets of Weſtcheap, Graſs Chirche and Wool
42 0 5
Chirchehawe, and annual ſcottage of the butchers of London
By the produce of Queenhithe
17 9 2
By the chattels of foreigners, forfeited for trading in the city, contrary to the laws and
cuſtoms thereof
By places and perquiſites within the city
By the produce of the Waidarii and Ambiani of Corbye and Neele, French merchants
of thoſe towns
} 9
8
Z.
2
8 13
IO II
86 5 9
6
Sum total 364 13 21
In

56
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
In the fanie year, 1268, a violent diſpute ari- | brought to London by land, from the ſeveral
ſing between the company of Goldſmiths and || ſea-ports.
that of the Merchant-Taylors ; and ſeveral other In the year 1270 the rains were ſo exceſſive
companies taking part with one or the other, that the fruits of the earth were in a great mea-
their paſſions were at length ſo inflamed, that fure deſtroyed, and the river Thames breaking
more than five hundred people, completely armed, down and overflowing its banks in many places,
aſſembled in the night, and engaged with ſuch did inconceivable damage both to houſes and land.
fury, that many perſons were killed and wounded The conſequence of theſe inundations were ſe-
of both parties : nor did the battle ceaſe, till the verely felt; for wheat raiſed to the enormous
ſheriffs, having raiſed a conſiderable body of the price of fix pounds eight ſhillings the quarter,
citizens, ſeized ſeveral of the combatants; thir and the famine at length raged to ſuch an aſto-
teen of whom being tried and convicted, received niſhing degree, that, if the authority of ancient
ſentence of death, and ſuffered accordingly. writers may be relied on, many of the poorer
The year 1269 is remarkable for an uncom people were reduced to the dreadful neceſſity of
mon ſevere froſt, which beginning in the month eating their own children.
of November, continued till the month of Febru At the latter end of this year many people
ary, during almoſt all which time the navigation | unfortunately loſt their lives, by the ſudden fall-
was fo totally obſtructed, that no ſhips could fail ing of the ſteeple of the church of St. Mary le
up the Thames, and foreign merchandize was Bow, in Cheapſide.
C Η Α Ρ Τ Ε R
XII.
The death of king Henry III. and the commencement of the reign of Edward I. Animoſities
among the Citizens reſpecting the choice of a mayor. Orders for fixing the prices of provia
fions. The Yews forbidden the practice of ufury. The mayor of London appointed an am-
baſſador. An earthquake. The foundation of the convent of Black-friars. Firſt ordinance
of the common-council of London. Jeres executed for diminiſhing coin. Letters patent
granted to receive a toll for repairing London-bridge. Extinction of the kings of Wales.
Murder of Lawrence Ducket. The mayor degraded. Murders and robberies frequent in
the city. Regulations for preſerving the peace of the city. Foreigners permitted to ſettle
in London. King Edward's brief relative to Bartholomew fair. Writ directed by the king
to the mayor and aldermen in favour of the clergy. Edward by a charter confirms many an-
tient privileges to the citizens. Prices of meat and poultry. Firſt recorder of London.
The uſe of ſea coal prohibited.
P
RINCE Edward having undertaken an that on his majeſty's return to England, he was
expedition to the holy land, he there re received into London with the utmoſt pomp and
ceived advice of the death of his father, magnificence; the fronts of the houſes being
Henry the third, who departed this life at Weſt adorned with the richeſt tapeſtry and filks; the
minſter, on the twentieth of November 1272, wealthy citizens ſcattered gold and ſilver among
after an oppreſſive and inglorious reign of more the populace, and the conduits were ſupplied
than fifty-ſix years.
with a variety of the moſt delicious wines.
On being made acquainted with the death of From ſuch appearances the public entertained
Henry, the young king immediately diſpatched hopes of enjoying great eaſe and happineſs under
Jetters to the mayor, ſheriffs, and citizens of their new fovereign: but their pleaſing dream
London, in which he recited many injuries his was ſoon at an end; for on the choice of the next
ſubjects had ſuſtained from the Flemiſh; he mayor, there aroſe ſuch a diffention among them,
therefore ordered proclamation to be made that as might have had the moſt fatal conſequences, if
no Fleming ſhould be permitted to reſide in Lon- | they had been ruled by a monarch more diſpoſed
don, on the penalty of forfeiting his whole ef to arbitrary meaſures than Edward appears to
fects.
have been.
His majeſty likewiſe directed the magiſtrates In this caſe, however, the king only interpoſed
carefully to preſerve the peace of the city during ſo far as to appoint a cuſtos of the city, till the
his abſence, which he promiſed to make as ſhort as paſſions of the contending parties ſhould ſubſide.
poſſible ; and not having the feal of England with By this appointment the citizens began to ſee
him, that of the king of Sicily was affixed to the ill conſequences that might ariſe from their
theſe diſpatches.
civil diffentions, as they might at any time fur-
The citizens were ſo pleaſed with having been niſh the king with a plauſible pretence for inter-
honoured with theſe letters from their ſovereign, || fering in the government of the city.
* This ſum is equal to above fixty pounds
for a quarter of wheat at this time!
They

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
57
s. d. grs.
=
ww.es
0
o
I
O
O
Ο Ο.
o
2
O
O
O O O O
O
66
66
They therefore unanimouſly made choice of
Walter Harvey for mayor, who was the very man
The beſt fwan, at
3
that the populace had propoſed at firſt: but foon The beſt crane; at
3
o
finding that Harvey was a man of bad character, The beſt peacock, at
0
they, in the year following, degraded him from The beſt coney, with the ſkin, at
4
the office of alderman, declared him incapable One ditto without the ſkin, at
3
of being a member of the city council, and The beſt hare without the ſkin, at
3
obliged him to give ſecurity for his good beha The beſt kid, from Chriſtmas to Lent, åt o 10
viour during life.
Ditto, at other times of the year
6
The iniquitous practices of engroffing and The lamb, from Chriſtmas to Lent 6
foreſtalling, being now carried to the moſt enor Ditto, at other times of the year
4
mous height, it became neceſſary to provide laws
againſt all who ſhould be found guilty; and in It was alſo ordained, " that no huckſter of fiſh,
particular againſt the bakers who accuſtomed “ [or fiſhmonger] who ſells fiſh again to others,
themſelves to make bread Mort of weight, and the go out to meet thoſe that bring or carry fiſh to
millers who fold their meal by a ſhort meaſure. " the city, to make a foreſtall thence; nor have
The legiſlator having paſſed laws for the re any partnerſhip with a ſtranger who brings fiſh
dreſs of theſe grievances, the king iſſued his or s from the ſea to the city : but let them ſeek for
ders for the mayor and ſheriffs of London to en 66 fiſh in their own ſhips ; and permit foreign-
force them, and to regulate the prices of the va " ers to bring itz and to ſell when they are
rious kinds of proviſions, and particularly of come, in their own ſhips. Becauſe, by ſuch
poultry and fiſh, which were the articles that partnerſhip, they who are of the city, when
were chiefly engroſſed.
" they cannot ſell as they will, lay it up in cel-
By theſe laws the baker was to forfeit his bread “ lars, and ſell dearer than the ſtrangers would
for the firſt offence, to ſuffer impriſonment for “ do, if they came without partnerſhip, and
the ſecond, and to be impilloried for the third. “ knew not where they might be harboured :
The puniſhment ordained for the miller who " nor let them buy any thing in the city, until
ſhould be convicted of offending againſt the ſta “ the king's ſervants, &c. have bought, and not
tute, was to be carried through certain ſtreets of “ before three o'clock. And if they who have
the city, in a tumbrel or duſt cart, expoſed to « bought fiſh, ſhall come after three o'clock, let
the contempt of the people.
" them not ſell that day; but let them ſell on
In obedience to theſe laws, the magiſtrates of ""the morrow morning. And if they expect
the city publiſhed an ordinance to the following more, let the fiſh be taken into the lord the
purpoſe. “By the command of the lord the king, king's hands: and let them keep no filh, ex.
cs and with the affent and conſent of the gentle " cept falt-fiſh, beyond the ſecond day of their
men of the kingdom, and citizens aforeſaid, “ coming ; which, if it happen to be found, let
s it is ordained that no huckſter of fowl (or
56 them loſe their fiſh, and be at the mercy of
" poulterer) go out of the city to meet them 56 the lord the king. [to fine chem.)”
€ that bring poultry into the city, to make any
e buying from them; but buy in the city, after The order for the ſale of fiſh was as follows:
as the buyers of the lord the king, of the barons,
s, d. qrs.
" and of the citizens, have bought and had what The beſt plaiſe, at
« ſhall be needful for them, namely, after three The beſt foles, the dozen, at
3
o'clock, and not before.'
The beſt freſh mulvel, at
After this hour the following proviſions were The beſt falt mulvel, at
3
to be ſold at the undermentioned prices :
The beſt haddock, at
The beſt barkey, at
4
The beſt mullet, at
The beſt hen, at
3
The beſt conger, at
The beſt pullet at
The beſt turbet, at
6
The beſt capon, at
The beſt dorac, at
5
The beſt gooſe, from Eaſter to Whit-
The beſt bran, fard, and betule; at 3
5
ſunday
The beſt mackarel, in Lent, at
Ditto, from Eaſter to St. Peter ad vincula o 4 Ditto; out of Lent, at
Ditto, at all other times of the year, at o 3
The beſt gurnard, at
The beſt wild gooſe, at
4 The beſt freſh merlings, four for
The beſt young pigeons, three for
The beſt powdered ditto, twelve for
The beſt mallard, at
3
The beſt pickled herrings, twenty for
The beſt cercel, at
6 The beſt freſh herrings, before Mi-
Ο Ι
The beſt wild duck, at
chaelmas, fix for
The beſt partridge, at
3
Ditto, after ditto, twelve for,
The beſt begaters, four for
The beſt Thames, or Severn lamprey, at o
The beſt larks, a dozen for
The beſt buge, ſtock-fiſh, at
The beſt pheaſant, at
4
The beſt mulvil ftock-fiſh, at
3
The beſt boter, at
6 The beſt croplings, three ac
The beſt heron, at
6 The beſt freſh oyſters, a gallon for
The beſt corlune, at
O 13
The beſt freſh ſalmon, from Chriſtmas
as}
5
The beſt plover, as
to Eaſter at
P
Ditto
I
2
O
o
3
o
o
111
O
2
d. ars.
2
2
I
0
O
O I 3
02
2 O
0
O
-}
O
I
O
O
o
2
O
I
o
1
o
o
I
I
OO
O
I
w O NO
1
}
0
I
0
2
1
O
I
o
4
I'll
I
P
I
I
оооооо
.
2
O
I

58
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
O
1
O
O
2
O
O
O
O
I
O
I
o
O
0
2
0
I
0
4
8
O
2
2
0
s. d. qrs.
sc friars preachers, and a certain good and
Ditto, after ditto, at
3 o o « comely tower at the head of the ſaid wall,
A piece of rumb, groſs and fat, at 4 “ within the water of the Thames there, wherein
The beſt new pickled balenes, the poundo 2 we may be received and tarry with honour,
Ditto of the preceding year, the }
s to our eaſe and facisfaction in our comings
pound, at
" there, out of the pence taken and to be taken
The beſt fea hog, at
6 8 66 of the ſaid cuſtoms, &c.
The beſt eels, a ſtrike, or a quarter }
- Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter, the eighth
of an hundred
day of July, in the fourth year of my
The beſt lampreys, in winter, the?
reign."
8
hundred at
Ditto, at other times, the hundred at 6
It was ordained in the fifth year of this king's
The beſt ſmelts, the hundred, at
reign, that no market ſhould be held on London
The beſt roche, in fummer, at
bridge, or in any other place, except ſuch as
Ditto, at other times
ſhould be by a common-council appointed. It
The beſt lucy, at
6 8 was alſo ordered that no perſon ſhould go to
The beſt lamprey of Nauntes, at firſt
Southwark to buy wares, which might be pur-
Ditto, a month after, at
chaſed in the city. This is the firſt ordinance of
The Thames or Severn ditto, to- ?
common-council relative to the order of holding
wards Eaſter, at
of markets in the city of London.
In the year 1278, a great number of jews
In the year 1275, it was ordained by act of being convicted of clipping and diminiſhing the
parliament, that no jews ſhould follow the prac- | king's coin, the jews throughout England were
tice of uſury, and that for the future all ulurers ſeized and impriſoned in one day; and of thoſe
ſhould wear a badge on their breaſt, or immedi apprehended in London, two hundred and eighty
ately quit the kingdom.
of both ſexes were executed.
In the ſame year the mayor of London being London-bridge being in a very ruinous condi-
appointed the king's ambaſſador beyond the ſeas, | dition, the citizens, in the year 1281, procured
his majeſty entruſted the government of London letters patent of the king, empowering the bridge
to four perſons of eminence who were recom keeper to receive a toll of all ſuch perſons as
mended by their brother citizens.
ſhould paſs over it.
About this time a moft terrible earthquake In the year 1282 the Anſeatic company of mer-
happened, which threw down many houſes and chants were called upon to fulfil their engage-
churches in London, damaged many others, and ments with reſpect to repairing Biſhopſgate,
extended its dreadful effects to many other parts of which was in a very ruinous ſituation; which dem
the kingdom.
mand of the city being rejected by the company,
In this ſame year, 1275, Robert Kilwarby, the affair was carried by writ into the exchequer,
archbiſhop of Canterbury, by licence from the and the company were obliged to perform their
crown, founded the convent of preaching friars, agreement.
commonly called Black-friars, which was erected In the ſame year, upon the citizens paying to
partly out of the ruins of a part of the city wall the king a conſiderable ſum of money, he granted
taken down on that occaſion, and partly out of them a pardon for every infringement they had
the ſtones of the tower of Mount-Fitchet, which made, contrary to their charters, to that time':
was likewife pulled down to make way for the and in the following year he granted letters pas
building the ſaid convent.
tent for the repairing and incloſing the city.
The king likewife commanded the citizens to This year, 1283, Llewellyn, the laſt Welſh
erect a new wall, to run weſtward from Ludgate, || prince who reigned in Wales, having loſt a battle,
behind the houſes to Fleet-ditch, and then ſouth fled for ſafety to Bluith caſtle, where he was be-
as far as the Thames; and at the head of this trayed into the hands of Roger le Strange, who,
wall to erect a tower for his majeſty's recep- taking him when he was not in the leaſt appre-
tion,
henfion of danger, with a ſtroke of his broad
Towards the expence of completing this work, ſword took off his head, at the moment he was
king Edward granted the city a duty to be raiſed || railing againſt the Engliſh.
on ſeveral kinds of merchandize for the ſpace of The head being directly fent to Edward, he
three years; and fent them the following letter ordered it to be carried to London, and the citi-
foon afterwards.
zens met the meſſenger who brought it, and con-
ducted him into the city with drums and trum-
" Whereas we have granted you, for aid of pets, and proceeded in grand cavalcade through
" the work of the walls of our city, and the Cheapſide, with the head fixed upon a larice
66 cloſure of the ſame, divers cuſtoms of vend with a chaplet or circle of ſilver ; * it was then
e ible things, coming to the ſaid city, to be fixed for the remainder of the day upon the pil-
66 taken for a certain time ; we command you, lory in Cheapfide, and afterwards upon the tower
66 that
you
cauſe to be finiſhed the wall of the of London, crowned with a wreath of ivy.
$6 faid city, now begun near the manſion of the A moſt intenſe froſt happened the winter fol.
* According to an antient author, this was done by way
of fneer, the prince having been told by a Welſh fortune-
teller, that his head ſhould one day paſs through Cheapfide
adorned with a ſilver coronet.
Towing

HISTORY and SURT ET of LONDON.
$9
lowing, at the breaking of which five arches of and obtained leave foon after to diſpoſe of their
London-bridge were carried away.
goods without employing a broker, which was
In the year 1284, a goldſmith, named Lawrence as advantageous to them as diſadvantageous to
Ducket, having wourded Ralph Crepin in Weſt the citizens; for before this time, they were
cheap, (now Cheapſide) he fled for ſafety to Bow obliged to keep in their lodgings, and their land-
church, and concealed himſelf in the ſteeple; he lords, who were citizens, officiating as brokers,
was, however, furprized in the night by Crepin's were very great gainers.
friends, who hung him up in one of the windows The foreigners, however, making uſe of many
in ſuch a poſition, that upon an inqueſt being villainous practices, by which the fair traders
taken on the body, the jury brought in their ver were conſiderably hurt, many of them were ap-
dict. Felo de fe, and he was accordingly buried in prehended and carried to priſon, and were obliged
a ditch ; however, the murderers were at laſt in to pay large fums for their enlargement.
formed againſt by a boy who had concealed him In the fifteenth year of his reign, Edward com-
ſelf in the church during the ſhocking tranſaction, manded the court of exchequer to be removed to
and fixteen men were hanged, and a woman,
the Guildhall, at which time it appeared, that the
perpetrator of it, was burnt alive: The body citizens were five hundred and thirty-eight pounds,
was dug up, put into a coffin, and decently bu fix ſhillings and eight-pence; indebted to the
ried.
king.
In the year following the conduit in Cheapſide One of the ſheriffs of London carrying a pri-
was built; and it was ordered that only an half ſoner to gaol in the year 1293, the mob ſeized on
penny ſhould be paid for grinding a quarter of the priſoner and conveyed him away ; for which
wheat.
offence, three perſons ſoon after had their hands
The ſame year the jewiſh ſynagogues in Lon cut off, at the ſtandard in Cheapſide, by the
don were deſtroyed by command of John Peck common hangman.
ham, archbiſhop of Canterbury.
In the year 1295 Ralph Sandwich was again
At a time when the affairs of the city ſeemed appointed cuſtos of the city, and a diſpute arif-
to wear a moſt favourable aſpect, a diſguſt was ing between him and the prior of St. Bartholo-
unfortunately given to the lord treaſurer by the mew's, relative to the profits ariſing from the
mayor, who refuſed to attend to give an account fair of that name held in Smithfield, the cuſtos
of the meaſures taken by him and the aldermen inſiſting that as the privileges of the city were
for the preſervation of the peace; and upon their forfeited, all the benefits ariſing therefrom muſt
attendance being inſiſted on, the mayor went to of courſe belong to the king: the affair coming
Barking church, where he delivered the city ſeal to the knowledge of Edward, who was then at
and the enſigns of mayoralty to Stephen Aſwy, Durham, he ordered that the controverſy ſhould
and retired to the tower.
be determined by the barons, and his treaſurer,
The treaſurer was fo highly incenſed at this be and the following brief was diſpatched to the
haviour, that he ordered the mayor, together cuſtos and ſheriffs of London, for that purpoſe :
with many of the principal citizens to be taken
into cuſtody, and committed to priſon; and Ste " The lord the king hath commanded the
phen Sandwich was by the king appointed cuſtos « cuſtos and ſheriffs in theſe words: Edward,
of London, in which office he remained only till by the grace of God, to the cuſtos and ſhe-
the February following, when another perſon was “ riffs of London, greeting : Whereas the prior
appointed.
“ of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, in the ſu-
The pretence for degrading the mayor was, 66 burbs of London, by the charter of our pro-
that he had connived at the unlawful practices “ genitors, kings of England, and our confir-
of the bakers; and under colour of puniſhing - mation, claimeth to have a certain fair there
them for offences, which every citizen knew had “ every year, during three days, viz. on the
never been committed, for twelve years the city eve, on the day, and on the morrow of St.
of London was without a mayor.
“ Bartholomew the Apoſtle, with all liberties
The city foon felt the ill effects of being de " and free cuſtoms belonging to the fair ; a con-
prived of its firſt magiſtrate; robberies, and even 66 tention hath ariſen between the faid prior and
murders became frequent throughout the city and
you
the faid cuftos, which ſue for us, concern-
ſuburbs; which occaſioned the following regu “ ing the uſe of the liberties of the faid fair,
lations to be made. " That no ſtranger ſhould os and the free cuſtoms belonging to it: And
wear a weapon nor be ſeen abroad after the sé hindrance being made to the faid prior by you
ringing of the corfeu-bell; that all taverns có the faid cuſtos, as the fame prior aſſerteth, to
“ and victualling-houſes ſhould be fhut up after “ wit, concerning a moiety of the ſaid eve, and
" the ringing of the ſaid bell; that no fencing. " of the whole morrow beforefaid ; concerning
« ſchool ſhould be kept in the city ; that the al 66 which, we will, as well for us, as for the
" dermen in their reſpective wards ſhould make “ forefaid prior, that juſtice be done, as is fit,
diligent ſearch for ſuch offenders, in order to 66 before our treaſurer and barons of the exche-
o bring them to juſtice ; that no perſon not free « quer, from the day of St. Michael next, for
“ of the city ſhould be ſuffered to reſide therein ; “ one month. We command you, that fufficient
" and that ſuch freemen as were ſuſpected, ſhould “ ſecurity be taken of the ſaid prior, of reſtoring
give ſecurity for their good behaviour:” amongſt " to us the ſaid day the iſſues of the aforeſaid
whom were Thomas Pywelldon and fifty-ſeven “ fair, coming from the moiety of the aforeſaid
others, who were exiled for life.
66 eve, and of the whole morrow, if the ſaid
A great number of foreign merchants were " prior cannot then ſhew foniething for himſelf,
about this time permitted to ſettle in London, why the ſaid iſſues ought not to belong to us.
We
66
66

60
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
.
“ reign."
« We conimand you, that ye permit the ſame cing of our progenitor or of us unto Weſtmin-
“ prior, in the mean time, to receive the foreſaid " fter or London, he may be preſented to our
“ iſſues, in form aforeſaid. And you have there “ progenitors, or to us, and ſo admitted mayor.
"fore this brief.
co We, willing to ſhew more ample favour to the
• Witneſs myſelf at Dunelm, the ninth day 66 faid citizens in that behalf, do grant to them
“ of Auguſt, in the twentieth year of our 66 for us and our heirs, the mayor of the ſaid
city, when he ſhall be choſen by the ſaid citi-
" zens, we, and our heirs, and our barons, not
Edward having been informed, that ſeveral of s being at Weſtminſter or at London, they may
the clergy had been committed by the laity to the es or ſhall be preſented or admitted to and by the
Tun, a priſon ſo called in Cornhill, on pretence 56 conſtable of our Tower of London, yearly,
of their having committed crimes of which they co in ſuch ſort as before they were wont to be
were entirely innocent, he ſhewed his diſapproba "s preſented and admitted; ſo as nevertheleſs,
tion of ſuch meaſures, by directing the following 66 that, at the next coming of us or our heirs to
writ to the mayor and citizens.
" Weſtminſter or London, the ſaid mayor be
preſented to us or our heirs, and admitted for
· Edward, by the grace of God, &c. Where mayor.
as Richard Graveſend, biſhop of London, “ And alſo, we have granted for us and our
“ hath ſhewed unto us, that by the great charter “ heirs, to our ſaid citizens, that they and their
os of England, the church hath a privilege, that no « ſucceſſors, citizens of the ſaid city, be for
“ clerk ihall be impriſoned by a layman, without “ ever quit and free of pannage, pontage and
" our commandment and breach of peace; which " murage throughout all the realm, and all our
as notwithſtanding, fome citizens of London, 66 dominions: and that the ſheriffs of the ſaid
upon mere ſpite, do enter in their watches into city, as often as it ſhall happen them to be
" clerk's chambers, and, like felons, do carry amerced in our court for any offence, they
" them to the Tunney, which Henry de Walleys, " ſhall be anerced according to the meaſure and
os fome time mayor, built for night-walkers. " quantity of the offence, as other the ſeriffs of
" Wherefore, we will that this our command our faid realm have been amerced for the like
ment be proclaimed in full huſtings; and that 6 offence.
no watch hereafter enter into any clerk's cham “ Wherefore we will, and ſtreightly charge and
66 ber, under the forfeit of 2ol. Dated at Car " command, for us and our heirs, that the ſaid
66 lifle, the 18th of March, in the 25th year of 56 citizens and their ſucceſſors have all the liber
" our reign."
ties, freedoms, quittals and free cuſtoms afore-
ſaid, and then may or ſhall uſe according to
The citizens being highly offended at this man our confirmation, renovation, and grants au
date, a number of them afſembled, broke open “ foreſaid, for ever; as by the aforeſaid char-
the tun, and ſuffered ſeveral of the priſoners to ter (amongſt other things) niore fully appear-
eſcape ; for which behaviour they were peſonally
66 eth."
puniſhed, and the city was fined twenty thouſand
marks, which ſums the citizens were obliged to All which the king certified by the following
pay, together with three thouſand marks more, brief to his officers of his exchequer :
for which they obtained full confirmation of their
ancient rights and privileges; for the king re “ Edward, by the grace of God, &c. to his
turning victorious from Scotland, and the citi 66 treaſurers and barons of the exchequer, greet-
zens teſtifying their joy on the occaſion, he or " ing. Whereas, for the good ſervice that our
dered the aldermen, together with the principal " beloved citizens of London have hitherto done
magiſtrates, to attend him on Eaſter Wedneſday us, by our letters patent we have rendered and
at Weſtminſter, at which time and place he re " reſtored to the fame our foreſaid city, together
ſtored them the power of electing a mayor; and o with the mayoralty, all their liberties (which
Henry Walleys being choſen into that office the " city, mayoralty and liberties we have long
Friday after, was preſented to the king at Ful 66 ſince cauſed to be taken into our hands) to be
ham, the Wedneſday following, when he was " had and held to the ſame citizens, according to
very graciouſly received, and next day ſworn in us their will, as freely and intirely as they had and
before the barons of the exchequer.
« held them on the day of the faid taking them
A charter of confirmation of the rights and "s away, as is contained more fully in our ſaid
frivileges of the citizens immediately followed « letters: we command you, that ye permit the
the above act of royal favour, in which charter, « fame citizens to uſe and enjoy the liberties
among other things it is enacted.
6 which they have reaſonably uſed on the day of
" the forefaid taking, before you in the exche--
“ That whereas our faid citizens, by the char " quer beforeſaid, according to the tenor of our
ters of our faid progenitors, have been ac - foreſaid Letters. Witneſs myſelf at York,
" cuſtomed hitherto to preſent every mayor,
" the eight and twentieth day of May, in the fix
66 whom they have choſen in the ſaid city yearly,
cc and twentieth year of our reign.”
« before the larons of the exchequer, (our pro-
"genitor, or we not being at Weſtminſter) that The additional privileges granted in this charter
« he may be admitted by the ſaid barons as mayor are i. The mayor elect is to be preſented and ad-
for us, notwithſtanding that, at the next com mitted by the conſtable of the Tower of London,
66
66
in

HIS TORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
6)
O
0
6
0
2
O
O
te slobode O O O
A COW
O 09
A capon
2
I
2
in the abſence of the king and the barons. 2. To thirtieth year of this king's reign, the prices of
be free and quit from pannage. * 3. To be like various forts of proviſions were as follows:
wiſe free from pontage. t 4. And to pay no
murage. $
s. d. qrs.
An order to the mayor and ſheriffs at London A quarter of wheat, at
accompanied this brief, commanding them to A quarter of ground malt
4
puniſh perſonally ſuch bakers, brewers, and mil A quarter of peaſe
Jers, as ſhould be found guilty of bad practices, A quarter of oats
and all malefactors, who were detected in carrying A bull
6
fire-arms about with them in the night ; and to
6
oblige millers, to return Aour according to the A fat mutton
weight of grain given to them to be ground. One ewe ſheep
In the twenty-ſeventh year of this reign, on the
feaſt of St. Simon and Jude, Elias Ruffel was A cock or hen
unanimoully choſen, by the mayor, aldermen,
and commonalty of London, into the office of In the year í 304, Geoffrey de Hartilepole, al-
mayor of this city, and was ſworn, accordingly, derman, was elected recorder of this city, which
and received by the conſtable of the Tower, (by | is the firſt account of a recorder of London we
the king's writ, directed for that purpoſe,) with meet with in hiſtory:
out the Tower gate.
The year following, the celebrated Scotch
An act of common-council was paſſed during champion, Sir William Wallace, being taken
this mayoralty, by conſent of the king and no priſoner, was, contrary to the laws of nature and
bility, for regulating the prices of proviſions fold of nations, put to an ignominious death in Smith-
in London, the butchers, poulterers, &c. having field for no other crime than defending his na-
by fixing exorbitant prices upon their different tive land againſt the attempts of an inveterate
commodities, greatly diſtreſſed the poorer fort of enemy.
the citizens: the following is the table of the In the year 1306 the king conferred the order
prices the different ſorts of poultry were fixed at of knighthood on the young prince of Wales, on
which occaſion the mayor, aldermen, and citizens
bato
of London, preſented his majeſty with the ſum of
A fat cock, at
en to
two thouſand pounds.
Two pullets, at
In the ſame year the brewers and dyers of
A fat capon, at
London, and others whoſe profeſſions required the
A gooſe, at
uſe of great quantities of ſea coals, burning great
A mallard, at vo
quantities of that article, the air was ſo infected
A partrich, at
by the ſmoke ariſing therefrom, that the health
A pheafant, at
4
of the inhabitants was thought to be in danger ;
A heron, at
6 whereupon, at the requeſt of the nobility and
A plover, at
gentry, the king iſſued a proclamation, ſtrictly for-
A ſwan, at
3
bidding the uſe of ſea-coals: bue little regard be-
A crane, at
ing paid to this proclamation, a commiſſion of
Two woodcocks, at
oyer and terminer was appointed, to puniſh the
A fat lamb from Chriſtmas to Shrovetide I
delinquents, who were fined for the firſt offence,
One ditto for all the year, at
and had their furnaces and kilns deſtroyed for the
ſecond.
A celebrated antiquary tells us, that in the
s. d. qrs.
I
2
оо
I
2
0
2
2
4
O
I
ON O
O
I
2
0
0
O
O
1
O
I
0
O
O
1
4
4
O ON
O
Pannage ſignifies a certain duty payable to the king,
for the liberty of ſending ſwine or cattle to feed in any
of
his forefls.
† Pontage was a duty paid for liberty to paſs over bridges
with horſes, carts, or other carriages ; or under them with
barges, boats, &c. which duty was applied and put to the
uſe of repairing the ſaid bridges.
Ị The term murage fignifies a duty paid towards repairing
or building the walls of the cities and towns throughous
England.
mes
6 fino a
: get or live con sudando solo es
o sisut sila rot oleuand votoma o in
ale to nieb od botol stoles de alta
Sell
a reina do
ondoa se to
1 bais
oba 10 Sion
Sebut Date
5
Bu
om als barris
to barn otse
Q
6
CHAPTER,

62
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
are bois ou site
par le CH A P T E R XIII.
H Η
Edward II. makes his public entry into London. Royal Mandate reſpecting the finiſhing the
wall and tower near Ludgate. The king's debts diſcharged by the citizens. London ex-
empted from being taxed as a royal demeſne, on lending the king a thouſand pound. Prices
of proviſions regulated by parliament. Proclamation concerning the election of mayor and
Sheriffs. The making of wheat into malt forbidden. Dreadful famine and peſtilence. The
king's brief for revoking the regulation reſpecting the prices of provifons. The citizens
fined a thouſand marks for pulling down a mud wall. The city ſends repreſentatives to a
parliament held at York. A ſtrong watch kept night and day in London. The two Spen-
cers, favourites of the king, baniſhed. A charter exempting the citizens from ſerving the
king in a military capacity out of the city. Two thouſand marks extorted from the city.
The Londoners join the queen's party, which being ſucceſsful, the king is taken priſoner, and
obliged to reſign the crown to bis fon.
AVING in the preceding chapter faith-
Is the forefaid
“ the forefaid lanes. In teſtimony whereof, &c.
fully recorded every material tranſaction 5 Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter, the tenth day
reſpecting this city, during the reign of - of June, in the fourth year of our reign.”
Edward I. we now proceed to that of his fun
Edward II. who having married the princeſs In the year 1311, the mayor and aldermen of
Iſabella, daughter to the king of France, made London undertook to pay ſeveral debts which the
a ſolemn entry into London, in the year 1308, || king had contracted with the merchants in Lon-
and was received by the citizens with a degree of don, and others, for neceſſaries for the royal
fplendor and elegance, that ſufficiently teſtified wardrobe and houſhold, amounting to about ſee
their loyalty.
venteen hundred pounds, and the king, in re-
His majeſty being informed that part of the turn, aſſigned to them, the farm of the city, to.
new city wall near Ludgate, and the Tower, gether with other iſſues ariſing by aids, tallages,
which his father had ordered to be built at the &c. to the amount of that fum.
extremity of the ſaid wall, were not finiſhed; a In the ſame year the mayor and aldermen of
foyal mandate was immediately iſſued to the London were made acquainted with the king's
mayor and citizens of London, enjoining them to intention to tax his ſeveral demeſnes; and the city
loſe no time in compleating the ſaid buildings. of London being included under that appellation,
At the ſame time his niajeſty granted the fol the magiſtrates were ſent for by the privy council
lowing charter, which will ſufficiently explain then fitting at Whitefryars in Fleet-ſtreet, and
itſelf.
aſked if they would fine for their tallage, or raiſe
“ Edward, the ſon of king Edward, &c. To the fum required by a pole-tax, and an aſſeſſment
ci all, &c. Whereas Gregory de Rockeſley, our on their eſtates.
65 mayor of London, and the other barons of the
The mayor and his brethren deſired they
« faid city, at our inſtance, have commonly and might be permitted to confult the commonalty ;
“ unanimouſly granted to the venerable father which requeſt being complied with, they gave
66 Robert, archbiſhop of Canterbury, and his for anfwer, that the king's demelnes were liable
“ aſſigns, two lanes, contiguous to his place of to taxation whenever his majeſty ſhould think it
** caſtle baynard and the tower of Mountfichet, || neceſſary; but that the city of London was un-
be ſtopped up
for the enlarging of the fore- || doubtedly free from ſuch tallage, not only by the
“ faid place, and to encloſe them ; while yet he || rights, privileges, and immunities, granted to
" ſhall aſſign a like way to them, and as conve them by magna charta, and ſo often confirmed
“ nient for the commonalty of the ſaid city. || by other charters, but by their paying the king a
* And we, underſtanding from the foreſaid ſum of money annually for the fee-farm of the
“ mayor and barons of the faid city, that the || city: they therefore follicited the deferring of the
« ſaid archbiſhop hath already prepared a better ſaid tallage till the parliament ſhould meet, as
“ way, and more convenient for the ſaid com they ſhould then have an opportunity of confer-
“ monalty, than the foreſaid lanes were : ring with many of the nobility who were proprie-
to the ſaid archbiſhop and his aſſigns, for us tors of lands and tenements in the city.
« and our heirs, as much as in us is, do grant, They were told that if they would lend two
ratify, and confirm the foreſaid grantSo that thouſand marks to the king, the tax ſhould be
" our faid barons of London, by occaſion of their deferred, agreeable to their requeſt. The citi-
« foreſaid grant, nor the archbiſhop, nor his zens refuſed to agree to this propoſal; whereupon
aſſigns, on account of the ſaid changing of commiſſioners were appointed to aſſemble at
« the ways, be accuſed or moleſted for time to Guildhall to affeſs the ſaid tallage.
" come before our juſtices itenerants at the Tower This circumſtance alarmed the mayor and citi-
“ of London, upon cauſe of perpreſture made of zens to ſuch a degree, that they offered to lend
the
1
to
we

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
63
ing form:
zens
66
the king a thouſand pounds, on condition that the articles abovementioned at the fixed prices,
the aſſeſſment might not be permitted to - take they ſhould be forfeited to the king:
place till after the meeting of the parliament. For ſeveral years paft it having been a common
This propoſal being acceded to, his majeſty practice with the populace to diſturb and interrupt
granted letters patent to the citizens in the follow the regular election of the mayor and ſheriffs of
this city; the king, to prevent the like irregula-
rities for the future, iſſued the following letter by
" Edward, by the grace of God, &c. To all way of proclamation,
to whom the preſent letters ſhall come, greet-
6 ing. Know ye, that whereas our beloved the “ Edward, by the grace of God, &c. to the
mayor and aldermen, and the reſt of the citi-
mayor
and ſheriffs of London, greeting.
of our city of London, have lately cauſed " Whereas by the charters of our progenitors,
" to be lent to us a thouſand pounds ſterling ; « kings of England, it was granted to our citi-
we, willing to ſatisfy them, the mayor, alder zens of our
of our city aforeſaid, that they ſhould
* men, and citizens, of the ſame ſum of money, “ chuſe a mayor and ſheriffs from themſelves,
as we are bound, have granted unto them, that " when they would, and preſent them, we not
in the next aid to be granted unto us in our being at Weſtminſter, to the treaſurer and
“ foreſaid city, or in the county of Middleſex, " barons of our exchequer, and there to be
ac or in levying money in the ſaid city and county “ admitted according to cuſtom ; and ſuch
66 for our need, for whatever cauſe next to be 66 election by the mayor and aldermen, and
56 levied, we will cauſe the foreſaid thouſand more diſcreet perſons of the ſaid city, eſpe-
€ pounds to be allowed them.
cially fummoned and warned for this purpoſez
* We have granted alſo to the ſame mayor, " hath been accuſtomed in former times: and
€ aldermen, and citizens, that we will by no " now we have underſtood, that ſome of the
means cauſe to be aſſeſſed any tallage ſingly popular and plebian fort, making a conſpia
" by poll, or in common upon them, their racy among themſelves, cauſing contentions,
goods, chattels, lands and tenements, or “ differences, and innumerable miſchiefs, day
« rents in the ſaid city, or fuburbs of the fame, " and night, in the ſaid city, and making
" before our next parliament, or to be levied among them clandeſtine conventicles in pri-
upon them; ſaving always to the mayor, vate places, and being not called nor ſum-
" dermen, and citizens of the ſaid city, the " moned, do thruſt and mingle themſelves of
66 aſſignments made before by us to them for " their own accord into ſuch elections; and by
undertook to
(6
66
36
al-
« fatisfy us ; as in our letters patent made to them making of ſuch elections, endeavour to chule
53
66
to
" thereupon more fully is contained: In witneſs " ſuch as for time to come may favour their era
« whereof we have cauſed theſe our letters to be rors; that their wickedneſs, by defect of cona
“ made patents. Witneſs myſelf at Windſor, grous government, may paſs unpuniſhed un-
“ the thirteenth day of February, in the ſixth “ der diſſimulation, by ſuch perfons ſo elected,
year of our reign."
the hurt of our crown and dignity, and the
“ ſubverſion of the ſtate of the foreſaid city, and
On the ſame day that theſe letters patent were " the manifeſt oppreſſion of our citizens abiding
granted, the king iſſued an order, commanding “ in it: we willing to provide for the quiet and
that the aſſeſſors of the county of Oxford ſhould tranquillity of the people under us, as we are
not affeſs the citizens of London trading to Hen " bound, and to meet with ſuch malice, com-
ley, and not being inhabitants of the ſaid town, “ mand, firmly enjoining you, that, before the
and paying ſcot and lot.
“ time of the election of the mayor and ſheriffs
In the year 1314, proviſions of all kinds were next to be choſen, ye cauſe it be publickly
fo greatly advanced in price, that the diſtreſſes of “ proclaimed through the whole city, and firmly
the poor were almoſt inſupportable ; upon which to be forbid, that none, unleſs he ſhall be to
the parliament interpoſed its authority, and fixed “ this eſpecially called or fummoned, or is
prices of the ſeveral articles here undermen 66 bound thereto, come thither at the time, nor
tioned :
as intrude himſelf in making the election, nor
d. « hinder it any way, under pain of impriſon.
The beſt grafs fed ox, alive, at
« ment; from which he may not eſcape without
The beſt grain fed
4
our ſpecial command : and that the foreſaid
The beſt cow, at
66 election be made by the aldermen, and the
The beſt hog of two years old, at 3 4 s other more diſcreet and powerful citizens of the
The beſt fhorn mutton, at
” ſaid city, as in the ſame it hath been anciently
The beſt gooſe, ac
3 “ accuſtomed to be done : taking notice for the
The beſt capon, at
2 «s future, that, if ye ſhall preſent any election,
The beſt hen, at
i es otherwiſe than is mentioned before, to the
The beft chickens, 2 for
11 66 treaſurer and barons of our exchequer afore-
The beſt young pidgeons, three for
ſaid, we will by no means admit them. Wit-
Twenty eggs, at
« neſs myſelf at Weſtminſter, the fourth day of
« July, in the eighth year of our reign."
It was enacted, by the authority of the king Proper application to parliament having been
and parliament, that if any perſon refuſed to ſell || neglected to be made on the part of the citi-
zens,
7. S.
o 16
fed ox, at
1
ở o o o +
0 I 2
OOOO
I
4
o
O
0
O
0
O
I
0
O
I

64
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
citizens, to prevent their being tallaged at the || looking upon it as an unreaſonable encroachment,
pleaſure of the king; his majeſty's want of money aſſembled in the year i 316, and pulled down the
impelled him to take advantage of this circum ſaid wall: but they ſuffered for their indiſcretion ;
ftance, whereupon he appointed commiſſioners for the king made this a pretence to extort à
to tax the citizens, of which he informed the thouſand marks, which he compelled them to pay
ſheriffs by two precepts, iſſued in the months of in the year following.
October and November 1314.
About the year 1318 the magiſtrates of the
The citizens, to prevent this tax being levied, city of London were ſo greatly favoured by the
granted the king a loan of fix hundred marks ; courtiers, and were ſo entirely attached to that
upon which the tallage was again reſpited. party, that, indifferent about the ſentiments of
In the year 1316 there was an exceſſive ſcarcity their fellow citizens, they arrogantly aſſumed the
of corn in London, which being thought to ariſe ſole right of appointing officers, and of continu-
from the vaſt quantities of wheat made into malc, || ing them in office as long as they pleaſed.
an act of parliament was paſſed, ordaining that They likewiſe impoſed arbitrary taxes, in
from that time forward no wheat ſhould be made which they favoured themſelves, while they greats
into malt.
ly oppreſſed the lower orders of the people.
The mayor and aldermen publiſhed an order The freemen having made frequent complaints
for carrying this act into execution; and another to the judges itinerant at the tower, for a redreſs
for regulating the prices of ale, by which the of theſe grievances, but without effect, they at
ſtronger ſort was to be ſold for three halfpence || length determined to ſubmit no longer to the
the gailon, and the ſmaller at a penny.
yoke; but compelled the magiſtrates to ſubmit
The price of wheat ſtill continued to advance, to the following conſtitutions, from a full con-
till it was fold at four pounds the quarter; which viction that the city would otherwiſe have again
produced ſuch a ſcene of miſery and diſtreſs, that, fallen a prey to the crown.
if the ancient hiſtorians may be credited, ſeveral
parents, attacked with the intolerable pains of For the citizens of London concerning new artis
exceſſive hunger, devoured even their own chil-
cles then made to be obſerved.
dren, and the malefactors in priſon preyed upon " The king, to all whom, &c. greeting.
each other : and this calamity was ſucceeded by “ Know ye, that whereas, our beloved and
ſuch a raging peftilential diſorder, that thoſe who “ faithful the mayor and aldermen, and other
eſcaped the contagion were ſcarcely numerous s citizens of our city of London, had lately or-
enough to bury thofe who died of it.
« dained and appointed among themſelves, for
About this time it was repreſented to the king, “ the bettering of the ſame city, and for the
that the ordinance of the preceding year, ref common benefit of ſuch as dwell in that city,
pecting the prices of proviſions, was found to be • and reſort to the ſame, certain things to be in
very prejudicial, as it prevented the country peo " the ſame city perpetually obſerved and had,
ple from ſupplying the city markets; his majeſty « inſtantly beſeeched, that we would take care
therefore revoked the ſaid ordinance by a brief, " to accept and confirm the ſame.
of which the following is a copy.
“ We having ſeen certain letters, patentwiſe,
" ſigned with the common ſeal of that city, and
« The king to the ſheriffs of London, greeting. " the ſeal of the office of the mayoralty of that
66. Although we lately commanded you, that in “ city, upon the premiſes, and to us exhibited,
“ each place in the foreſaid city, where it ſhould
u have cauſed certain articles to be choſen out
“ ſeem to you to be the beſt expedient, ye ſhall 66 of the foreſaid letters, and cauſed them in
« cauſe it to be publickly proclaimed, that oxen, " fome things to be corrected, as they are under-
6. cows, hogs, ſheep, geeſe, capons, hens, chick 66 neath inſerted, viz.
i ens, pigeons and eggs, ſhould be ſold at a cer-
I. That the
mayor and ſheriffs of the ſame
« tain price; becauſe nevertheleſs we have un s city be elected by the citizens of the ſaid
" derſtood, that ſuch a proclamation, which at " city, according to the tenor of the charters
" that time we believed would be for the profit 6 of our progenitors, heretofore kings of Eng.
" of the people of our realm, redounds to their ", land, made to them thence, and no other-
greater damage than profit ; we command
66 wiſe.
“ you, that in the ſaid ſeveral places ye cauſe 2. That the mayor remain only one year
publickly to be proclaimed, that oxen, cows, together in his mayoralty.
hogs, ſheep, geeſe, capons, hens, chickens, 3. That the ſheriffs have but two clerks
young pigeons and eggs, be ſold for a reaſon “ and two ſerjeants ; and that they take ſuch
« able price, as was accuſtomed to be done, be “ for which they will anſwer.
« fore the ſaid former proclamation ; certifying “ That the mayor have no other office belong-
“ all and ſingular, that the former proclamation ing to the city, but the office of mayoralty ;
" was not made by virtue of the ordinances late nor to draw to himſelf the ſheriffs plea in
" made by the prelates, earls, and barons, and " the chamber of London, nor hold other
« nobles of the ſame realm, and by us accepted, " pleas than thoſe the mayor, according to an-
« nor was contained in them. Witneſs myſelf at “ tient cuſtom, ought to hold.
• Lincoln, the twentieth of February, in the 5. That the aldermen be removed front
“ ninth year of our reign.
year to year, on St. Gregory's day, and not
66 re-elected ; and others choſen by the ſame
1 A mud wall having been erected by the order
c wards,
of king Henry III. without the tower of London, “6. That tallages or aids henceforth to be aſ.
and within the wall of the city, the Londoners ſeffed for the king's buſineſs, or for the ſtate and
benefit
26
4G
66
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
65
o monies go,
66
66
6 benefit of the city, after they ſhall be aſſeſſed
by the men of the wards elected and deputed
" for this, be not increaſed or heightened but by
“ the common conſent of the mayor and com-
" monalty. And that the money coming from
" theſe tallages and aids be delivered into the
" cuſtody of four honeſt men, commoners of the
city, to be choſen by the commonalty, to be
66 furcher delivered by the teſtimony of the ſaid
“ four men; ſo that they may inform the com-
monalty to what profit, and for what uſes, thoſe
7. That no ſtranger be admitted into the
" freedom of the city in the huſting; and that
“ no inhabitant, and eſpecially Engliſh merchant,
“ of ſome myſtery or trade, be admitted into
" the freedom of the city, unleſs by ſurety of fix
" honeſt and ſufficient men of that myſtery or
os trade he ſhall be of, who is ſo to be admitted
s into the freedom ; which fix men may under-
“ take for him, of keeping the city indemni-
“ fied in that behalf. And that the ſame form
“ of ſurety be obſerved of ſtrangers to be ad.
“ mitted into the freedom in the huſting, if
they be of any certain myſtery or trade. And
“ if they are not of ſome certain myſtery, then
" that they be not admitted into the freedom,
56 without the aſſent of the commonalty. And
" that they who have been taken into the free-
5 dom of the city (ſince we undertook the go-
vernment of our realm) contrary to the forms
“ preſcribed ; and they who have gone contrary
to their oath in this behalf, or contrary to
" the ſtate of the city, and are thereof lawfully
" convicted, loſe the freedom of the ſaid city.
-- “ Saving always, that concerning apprentices
“ the antient manner and form of the ſaid city
66 be obſerved.
“ 8. That each year in the ſame city, as often
as need ſhall be, inquiry be made, if any of
" the freedom of the ſame city exerciſe mer-
6 chandizes in the city, of the goods of others
not of the ſame freedom, by calling thoſe
“ goods their own, contrary to their oath, and
us contrary to the freedom of the ſaid city; and
they that are lawfully convicted thereof, to
loſe the freedom of the ſaid city.
9. That all and every one being in the li-
« berty of the ſaid city, and that would enjoy
“ the liberties and free cuſtoms of the faid
city be in lot and ſcot, and partake of all
burthens for maintaining the ſtate of the ſaid
city, and the freedom thereof, according to
" the oath they have taken, when they were ad-
“ mitted into their freedom; and whoſo will not,
to loſe his freedom.
10. And that all and every one, being of
"s the freedom of the city, and living without
" the city, and that either by themſelves, or by
" their ſervants, exerciſe their merchandizes
-66 within the city, be in lot and ſcot with the
commoners of the ſaid city, for their mer-
“ chandizes, or elſe to be removed from their
66 freedom.
“ II. And that the common ſeal of the city
« remain in the cuſtody of two aldermen and
66 two others commoners, to be choſen for this
s purpoſe by the commoners; and that that feal
6
so be not denied neither to poor nor rich com
« moners, when they ſhall need it; yet ſo that
" they reaſonably prove the cauſe of their de
« mand: and that for the putting to of the ſeal
s nothing be taken. And that the giving of
6 judgments in the courts of the city, and eſpe-
66 cially after the verdicts of inquiſition taken,
« in caſes where inquiſitions have been taken,
66 be not deferred, unleſs difficulty intervene.
5 And if difficulty intervene by reaſon of this,
giving judgment ſhall not be put off beyond
66 the third court.
12. That weights and ſcales of merchan-
6 dizes to be weighed between merchants and
“ merchants, the iſſues coming of which belong
" to the commonalty of the ſaid city, remain
" in the cuſtody of honeſt and ſufficient men ;
66 of the fame city, expert in that office, and
66 as yet to be choſen by the commonally, to be
“ kept at the will of the fame commonalty ; and
" that they be by no means committed to others
66 than thoſe ſo to be choſen.
13. That the ſheriffs for the time being
" commit toll, and other cuſtoms belonging to
" their farm, and other publick offices belong-
ing to them, and to be exerciſed by others,
" to ſufficient men, for whom they will anſwer,
66 and not commit them to others. And if any
deputed by the ſaid ſheriffs to any of the
s aforeſaid offices, take undue cuſtom, or car-
ry himſelf otherwiſe in that office than he
ought, and is thereupon convicted at the ſuic
“ of the complainant, let him be removed from
" that office, and puniſhed according to his
66 demerits.
66 14. Merchants, who are not of the freedom
of the city, not to ſell, by retail, wines or
“ other wares, within the city or ſuburbs.
15. That there be no brokers hereafter in
" the city of any merchandizes, umleſs elected
this by merchants of the myſteries, in which
" the brokers themſelves may have to exerciſe
" their offices, and at leaſt of this to make oath
66 before the mayor.
66 16. That the common harbourers in the
« city and ſuburbs, although they are not of
" the freedom of the ſame, be partakers of the
" contingent burdens for maintaining the ſaid
“ city, according to the ſtate of it, as long as
they ſhall be ſo common harbourers, as other
" like dwellers in the city and ſuburbs ſhall par-
“ take, on the account of thoſe dwellings.
" Saving always, that the merchants of Gaſcoin,
" and other foreigners, may, one with another,
" inhabit and be harboured in the ſaid city, as
6 hitherto they have accuſtomed to do.
17. That the keeping the bridge of the
« faid city, and the rents and profits belonging
to that bridge, be committed to be kept to
“ two honeſt and ſufficient men of the city,
" other than the aldermen, to be choſen to this
“ by the commonalty, at the will of the faid
“ commonalty, and not to others; and who
may anſwer thereupon to the faid common-
alty.
“ 18. That no ſerjeant of the chamber of
" Guyhald take fee of the commonalty of the
a city, or do execution, unleſs one choſen for
R
this
65
to
65
66

66
HISTORÝ and SÜRTE Y of LONDON.
t« this by the commonalty of the city; and that The populouſneſs and riches of London at this
"s the chamberlain, common clerk, and common period may be judged of from the following cir-
ferjeant be choſen by the commonalty of the cumſtance; for in this parliament it was enacted
“ city, and be removed according to the will of that this city ſhould provide and furniſh two hun-
" the ſame city.
dred men, to march againſt the Scots; which is
19. And that the mayor and recorder, and five times the number that was ſupplied by any
66 the forefaid chamberlain and common clerk, be other city in the kingdom.
" content with their fees antiently appointed and In the year 1321, complaint was made to the
s paid on account of their offices, and take not juſtices itinerant at the Tower, that the mayor
66 other fees for the abovefaid offices.
and aldermen had preſumed to turn out ſome
“ 20. That the goods of the aldermen, in aids, members of the common council at their pleaſure;
" tallages and other contributions, concerning which was particularly inſtanced in the caſe of
" the laid city, be taxed by the men of the wards Walter Henry, who was ejected from the com-
“ in which thoſe aldermen abide, as the goods of mon-council becauſe he would not permit the rich
• other citizens, by the ſaid wards.
to tax the poor, till they themſelves had diſcharged
" Which articles, as they are above expreſſed, their arrears of former tallages.
66 and the matters contained in the ſame, we ac Hereupon Sir John Giſors, a former lord-inay*
cept, approve and ratify; and we yield and grant or, and ſeveral other perſons of conſequence,
66 them, for us and our heirs, as much as in us were ſummoned to attend the faid juſtices ; but
s6 is, to the foreſaid citizens, their heirs and ſuc conſcious of their guilt, they fled, and concealed
“ ceffors in the foreſaid city and ſuburbs, for the themſelves till the affair was dropc.
common profit of thoſe that inbabit therein, The two Spencers, favourites of the king, hav-
and reſort thither, to obtain the ſame, and to ing at this period fo entirely engroſſed his majeſ-
“ be obſerved perpetually.
ty's confidence, that he reſigned the whole ma-
“ Moreover, we willing to ſhew ampler grace nagement of public affairs to their guidance, the
to the mayor, aldermen and citizens, at their barons highly reſented this unmanly conduct of
requeſt, have granted to them, for us and our their ſovereign ; and this occaſioned the ſummon-
“ heirs, that the mayor, aldermen, citizens and ing of a parliament to meet at London, to which
" commonalty of the commoners of the city, and the nobility repaired with a prodigious number of
“ their heirs and ſucceffors, for the neceſſities and armed attendants, who quartered themſelves in
« profits of the fame city, may, among then the fuburbs.
« ſelves, of their common affent, aſſeſs tallages Hereupon the magiſtrates thought it prudent
upon their own goods within that city, as well to guard againſt any unexpected attack, by ap-
upon the rents as other things, and as well pointing a guard of a thouſand citizens, who
upon the myſteries as any other way, as they being completely armed, watched the gates and
is ſhall fee expedient, and levy them, without walls of the city from four o'clock in the morn-
« incurring the danger of us or our heirs, or our ing till fix in the evening, when they were reliev-
« miniſters whomfoever. And that the money ed by the ſame number, who kept watch during
" from ſuch tallages remain in the cuſtody of four
the night.
" honeſt and lawful men of the ſaid city, to be Belides theſe, two aldermen, with a proper
“ choſen to this by the commonalty, and be laid number of attendants, patrolled the ſtreets dur-
out, of their cuſtody, for the neceſſities and ing the whole night, to keep the watch to their
" profits of the ſaid city, and not otherwiſe. In duty; and the gates of the city, which were
66 witneſs whereof, &C.
ſhut at nine o'clock at night, were not opened till
" Witneſs the king at York, the eighth day the next morning at ſeven.
“ of June.”
By this good conduct the peace of the city was
preſerved, till the king gave permiſſion to the
It is worthy of remark, that the articles above Londoners to receive the barons and their army
recited were afterwards added to the charters of within the walls : and in a ſhort time afterwards
the city, and confirmed by the parliament, in the an act of parliament was paſſed, and ſigned by
feventh year of the reign of Richard II.
the king, by which the Spencers were doomed to
In this ſame year, 1318, the king ſummoned a perpetual baniſhment. *
parliament to aſſemble at York, and iſſued his This careful defence of the city gave the king
writ to the ſheriffs of London to chuſe two of the a great opinion of the fidelity of his citizens of
citizens to repreſent the ſaid city : but inſtead of London; and he had foon afterwards occaſion to
two, they made choice of three repreſentatives, put their loyalty ſtill farther to the trial; for che
to whom, or to two of them, they delegated the governor of the caſtle of Leeds in Kent, having
power of acting for the public good in the ſaid refuſed the queen a lodging in that caſtle, the
parliament. or buzimos a: ird ei oo king raiſed an army conſiſting chiefly of Lon-
* The ſentence of baniſhment againſt the Spencers was
foon reverſed; whereupon they preſented a petition to the
king, ſetting forth the damages they had ſuſtained ; and by
this petition it appeared that the real eſtate of the elder
Spencer (if the authority of our ancient writers may be
relied on) conſiſted of 6 Sixty three manors, and his per-
"ſonal of two crops of corn, one in barns, and the other
" upon the ground; in caſh, jewels, ſilver and golden uten-
« fils, &c. ten thoaſand pounds; armour for 200 men, war-
" like engines, and the deſtruētion of his houſes, 30,000
“ pounds; the furniture of his chapel and wardrobe, 5,000
pounds; 28,000 ſheep; 1000 oxen and heifers ; 1200
cows, with their calves for two years; forty mares, with
“ their foals for two years ; 560 cart-horſes; 2000 hogs ;
400 kids ; 40 tons of wine ; 600 bacons; 80 carcaſes of
« beef; 600 muttons in larder; ten tons of cyder, and
thirty-fix-facks of wool; with a library of books."
66
doners

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
67
59
doners, with whom he marched and ſummoned the " fight, unleſs, according to their ancient privi-
caſtle to ſurrender : but the governor being re leges, they could return home the fame day
folved to defend it, his majeſty beſieged it in có before fun-fet.
form, and compelled it to ſurrender at diſcre " The king, being greatly diſguſted with this
tion.
reply, appointed Walter Stapleton, biſhop of
In return for this ſervice, the king granted the Exeter, cuſtos of the city; he alſo furniſhed the
following charter to his faithful citizens of Lon Tower of London with military ſtores, and hav-
don:
ing placed therein his ſon, John of Eltham, he
went into the weſtern counties of England to raiſe
166 Edward, by the grace of God, king of Eng an army
es land, lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitain ; Soon after the departure of the king, the mayor
" to all to whom thefe preſent letters ſhall come, and citizeris received a pathetic letter from the
" greeting.
queen, entreating their ſpeedy and effectual affiſta
* Know ye, that whereas the mayor and the ance in the great cauſe of liberty and their coun-
good men of the city of London have, of try:
late, thankfully done us aid of armed footmen This letter from the queen being ſtuck upon
" at our caſtle of Leeds in the county of Kent; the croſs in Cheapfide, many copies were taken
ce and alſo aid of like armed men now going with from it; and fixed in other parts of the city :
o us through divers parts of our realm for divers whereupon the biſhop of Exeter demanded the
“ caufes: we, willing to provide for the indem- || keys from the mayor; but the populace, deter-
66 nity of the ſaid mayor and good men of our city mined to prevent the keys being delivered up,
56 of London in this behalf, have granted to them, ſeized the mayor, and would have put him to
« for us and our heirs, that the ſaid aids, to us ſo death, if he had not ſworn an implicit obedience
“ thankfully done, ſhall not be prejudicial to the to their orders. They likewiſe entered into a ſo-
" ſaid mayor and the good men, their heirs and lemn agreement to deſtroy the enemies of the
< ſucceſſors ; nor ſhall they be drawn into con queen, of all ranks and degrees, wherever they
ſequent for time to come. In witneſs whereof could lay hold of them.
we have cauſed thefe our letters to be made The firſt victim to their fury was John Marſhall,
patents. Witneſs myſelf at Aldermanſton, the a ſervant to the younger Spencer, whoſe head they
66 twelfth of December."
cut off without ceremony; and then attacking the
palace of the biſhop of Exeter, they ſet his gates
Soon after the granting of this charter the ci on fire, carried off his houſhold goods, jewels
tizens made the king a preſent of two thouſand and plate'; and purſuing the prelate, who was
marks, towards defraying the expences of a war going to také ſanctuary in St. Paul's, they aver-
againſt the Scots and it is not improbable that took him at the north door of the cathedral,
this ſum was given in conſequence of receiving || where they beat him in a terrible manner, then
the charter.
dragged him into Cheapfide, where they declared
But this friendſhip between the king and the him a traitor, and having cut off his head, and
citizens of London does not appear to have been the heads of two of his domeſtics, they buried
of any long continuance ; for the king having their bodies among the rubbiſh of a tower which
been ſucceſsful againſt the barons, and cauſed the the biſhop was building on the banks of the
earl of Lancaſter to be beheaded; he took ad Thames.
vantage of fome diffentions which were ſtill ſub On the day following, the mob happening to
fiſting between the citizens, on account of the meet Sir John de Weſton, conſtable of the Tower
laſt preſentment to the juſtices itinerant, and made of London, they compelled him to deliver up
this pretext for ſeizing the liberties of the city, by the keys; and taking imniediate poſſeſſion of that
which he extorted two thouſand marks for their fortreſs, they diſcharged all the king's officers,
redemption, which was paid him in the year ſet the priſoners at liberty, and appointed John
1322.
of Eltham, the king's ſecond fon, guardian of
The Spencers being re-eſtabliſhed in the king's the city and kingdom.
favour, the queen was ſo difguſted with the aſcen In a ſhort time after this tranſaction, Robert
dancy they had gained over her huſband, that ſhe Baldock, the chancellor, was brought from He-
prevailed on him to permit her and her ſon to viſit || reford, a priſoner, and committed to the biſhop's
her brother the king of France; but her real in priſon : but this perſon being the real or ſuppoſed
tention was to follicit aid to compel the Spencers author of moſt of the miſeries in which the king-
to fly the kingdom.
dom was involved, the populace dragged him
Her majeſty was ſo fucceſsful as to conclude a from thence, and lodged him in Newgate; but
treaty with the earl of Hainault, in order to in in the way thither they beat him in ſuch an
vade England; of which Edward receiving ad unmerciful manner, that he foon died of the
vice, demanded a ſupply of men and money of || wounds.
the citizens of London.
By this time the queen's party was become ſo
To this demand the Londoners replied, " That || powerful, that the king was obliged to retreat
they would at all times revere their ſovereign into Wales to conceal himſelf, but he was ſoon
« lord the king, the queen, and the prince their diſcovered and made priſoner ; and the queen
“ ſon, the indubitable heir of the crown; and and her ſon Edward being received into London
« fhut their gates againſt, and to the utaroſt of with every demonftration of joy, the parliament
« their power, reſiſt all foreigners and traitors ; || ſpeedily affembled, and compelled Edward to re
* but that they were not willing to march out to ſign the crown to the young prince.
CHAP
;

68
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
CH A P T E R XIV.
I be firſt charter of Edward III. to the citizens of London. The village of Southwark granted
to the citizens of London by charter. Account of dreadful riots, with a copy of the king's
letters for ſuppreſſing them. The king's letters to the mayor to try rioters. Account of a
tournament in Cheapſide. His majeſty's orders reſpecting the puniſhment of regrators. Pro-
viſons ſold at very low prices. King Edward's third charter confirming the city liberties.
N a ſhort time after Edward III. had aſſumed
the reigns of government, he, by the con-
ſent of his parliament, granted the following
charter to the citizens of London.
I
« Edward, by the grace of God, king of
England, lord of Ireland, and duke of Aqui-
s tain; to his archbiſhops, biſhops, abbots,
" priors, earls, barons, juſtices, ſheriffs, rulers,
«6 miniſters, and other his bailiffs and faithful
ſubjects greeting.
" Know ye, that we for the bettering of our
city of London, and for the good and laudable
6 ſervice which our beloved mayor, aldermen
6 and commoralty of the ſaid city heretofore
“ have often done to us and our progenitors,
ss with the affent of the aforeſaid earls, barons,
“ and all the commonalty of our realm, being
"s called to this our preſent parliament at Weſt-
“ minſter, have granted, and by this our charter,
" for us and our heirs, confirmed to the citizens
“ of the aforeſaid city, the liberties here under.
“ written, to have and to hold to them and their
heirs and fucceffors for ever.
“ Firſt, whereas in the great charter of the
« liberties of England it is contained, that the
“ city of London have all their ancient liberties
6s and cuſtoms; and the ſame citizens, at the
s time of the making of the charter, from the
“ time of St. Edward the king and confeſſor,
" and William the conqueror, and of other our
progenitors, had divers liberties and cuſtoms,
as well by the charters of thoſe our progeni-
tors, as without charter by ancient cuſtom,
whereupon in divers the circuits, and other
“ the courts of our faid progenitors, as well by
judgments as by ſtatutes, were invaded, and
“ fome of them adjudged; we will and grant, for
“ us and our heirs, that they may have the li-
“berties according to the form of the above-ſaid
great charter; and that impediments and uſur-
"pations to them in that behalf made ſhall be
66 revoked and annulled.
es We have further granted, for us and our
" heirs, to the ſaid citizens, their heirs and
o fucceffors aforeſaid, that the mayor of the
« aforeſaid city, which for the time ſhall be one
os of the juſtices to be aſſigned of the goal-de-
livery of Newgate, and be named in every
“ commiſſion thereof to be made; and that the
« faid citizens may have infangtheft and outfang-
theft, and chattels of felons, of all thoſe
“ which ſhall be adjudged before them within the
* liberties of the ſame city, and of all being of
" the liberty aforeſaid, at the aforeſaid goal to
« be adjudged.
“ And whereas alſo, by the charters of our
“ progenitors, it was granted to the ſame citi-
66 zens, that they fhould hold the ſheriffwicks of
“ London and Middleſex, for three hundred
pounds yearly, to be paid at our exchequer,
« and they are charged with the payment of four
« hundred pounds yearly, every year to be paid
at our exchequer, for the ſheriffwicks, contrary,
to the forın of the ſaid charters;
“ We will and grant, for us and our heirs, that
of the ſaid citizens, their heirs and ſucceſſors,
may henceforth the aforeſaid ſheriffwicks hold
“ for three hundred pounds yearly, to be yearly
<< paid at our exchequer, according to the tenor
" of the aforeſaid charters; and that they may
“ be from henceforth acquitted of the ſaid hun-
66 dred pounds.
“ Furthermore, we have granted, for us and
" our heirs, to the faid citizens, that their heirs
" and ſucceſſors may bequeath their tenements
“ within the liberties of the aforeſaid city, as
« well in Mortmain as in other manner, as of
“ ancient time they have been accuſtomed to
66 do.
" And whereas in a certain charter of the lord
“ Edward, late king of England, our father to
« the ſaid citizens made (amongſt other things)
" it is contained, that the ſheriffs of the ſaid city,
" as often as they ſhall happen to be amerced for
ss any offence in the court, ſhall be amerced ac-
« cording to the meaſure and quantity of their
« offence, as other the ſheriffs of our realm were
66 wont to be amerced for like offences ; and the
66 ſheriffs of the aforeſaid city, after the making
" of that charter, were otherwiſe amerced for the
“ eſcape of thieves, than other ſheriffs were on
cs this Gide Trent, for ſuch-like eſcapes are
“ amerced only, as it is ſaid, one hundred ſhil-
$6
" lings.
" We will and grant, for us and our heirs, that
" the ſheriffs of the ſame city, which for the
" time fhall be in no ways amerced or charged
" for the eſcape of thieves in any otherwiſe
" than as other the ſheriffs on this ſide Trent;
" and that the aforeſaid citizens ſhall not be
“ charged for the cuſtody of thoſe that fly to the
« churches within the aforeſaid liberty, for to
“ have immunities, otherwiſe than of old hath
« been accuſtomed to be charged ; any thing in
6 the laſt circuit at the Tower of London made
" or adjudged notwithſtanding.
ss And that the ſaid citizens may remove and
" cake

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
69
60
itt take away all the wears in the waters of Thames " liberties and free-cuſtoms, before us, our jua
" and Medway, and may have the puniſhments - itices, and other miniſters whatſoever, in ſuch
66 thereof to us belonging.
" ſort as they were wont to do before the ſaid
66. Alſo we will and command ſtreightly, that “ circuit; notwithſtanding that the ſaid citizens
" all merchant ſtrangers, coming to England, « in the ſaid circuit were impeached upon ſome
Có ſhall ſell their wares and merchandizes within 66 like record and liberties, and free-cuſtoms,
forty days after their coming thither ; and 66 aforeſaid ; and alſo notwithſtanding any ſtatutes
66 ſhall continue and board with free hoſts of the “ or judgments made or publiſhed to the contra-
" ſaid city, and other cities and towns in Eng ry: and that to the allowance of their charters,
6 land, without any houſholds or ſocieties by " to be had before us in our exchequer, and other
" them to be kept.
“ pleas whatſoever, one writ ſhall ſuffice in all
" And alſo we will and grant, for us and our - pleas for every king's time : and that no
" heirs, that the marſhal, ſteward or clerk of « ſummons, attachment; or executions, be made
" the market of our houſhold, may not fit from 6 by any of the officers of us or our heirs, by
" henceforth within the liberty of the aforeſaid « writ or without writ, within the liberty of the
city, nor exerciſe any offence there, por any " ſaid city, but only by miniſters of the ſaid
way draw any citizen of the ſaid city to plead “ city: and that the ſheriffs of the ſame city
“ without the liberties of the faid city, of any “ (which ſhall be toward the aid of the fame of
thing that happen within the liberties of the " the ſaid city) may lawfully have the forfeiture
to fame, and that no eſcheator, or other officers, “ of victuals, and other things and merchandizes,
may, from henceforth, exerciſe the office of " according to the tenor of the charter thereof
66 the eſcheator within the liberties of the ſaid s made to the ſaid citizens, and ſhall not be de-
s city: but that the mayor of the ſaid city for 66 barred thereof hereafter, contrary to the tenor
" the time being may do the office of the 66 of the ſame charter.
os eſcheator within the ſaid liberty; ſo as always " And that the ſame citizens, in the circuits of
he take his oath that he exerciſe the faid office, - the juſtices, from henceforth fitting at the
s and that he anſwer thereof to us and our heirs, ss Tower of London, ſhall be guided by the ſame
as he ought to do. And that the ſaid citizens, 66 laws and cuſtoms, whereby they were guided
« from henceforth, ſhall not be compelled to go - in the circuits holden in the time of lord John
or ſend to war out of the ſaid city. And that " and Henry, ſometimes kings of England, and
6s the conſtable of the Tower of London for the “ others our progenitors ; and if any thing in
« time being, ſhall not make any prizes, by land 66 the laſt circuit was done or attempted, contrary
" or by water, of any victuals, or other thing to their liberties and free-cuftoms, we will
66 whatſoever, of the men of the ſaid city, or “ they be not prejudicial unto them, but that
« going 'thence: neither ſhall or may arreſt, or " they may be guided as of old time they were.
« cauſe to be arreſted, the ſhips or boats bring “ We have alſo granted, for us and our heirs,
sing victuals or other like goods to or from the " that the ſame citizens from henceforth, in and
" ſaid city.
66 towards ſubſidies, grants and contributions
" And foraſmuch as the citizens, in all good 66 whatſoever to be made to the uſe of us or our
« fairs of England, were wont to have among " heirs, ſhall be taxed and contributary with the
66 themſelves keepers to hold the pleas touching " commonalty of our realm, as common perſons,
" the citizens of the ſaid city, aſſembling thern " and not as men of the city; and that they be
felves at the ſaid fairs : we will and grant, as quit of all other tallages; and that the liberty
“ much as in us is, that the ſaid citizens may have " of the ſaid city ſhall not be taken into the
« ſuch like keepers, to hold ſuch pleas of their " hands of us or our heirs for any perſonal tref-
covenants, as of ancient time they had, (ex « paſs or judgment of any miniſter of the ſaid
cept the pleas of the land and of the crown). “ city: neither ſhall a keeper in the ſaid city for
« Furthermore, we grant, for us and our heirs, " that occaſion be deputed, but the ſame miniſter
" That the ſheriffs of the ſaid city, for the time « ſhall be puniſhed according to the quality of
“ being, ſhall not be compelled to take any oath 65 his offence.
" at our exchequer, but upon yielding up of " And that no purveyor and taker; officer, and
" their accounts.
66 other miniſter of us and our heirs, or of any
“ And whereas the ſaid citizens, in the circuit “ other, ſhall make any prizes in the ſaid city,
" of Henry Stanton, and fellow juſtices of the or without, of the goods of the citizens of the
6 lord Edward, late king of England, our fa “ faid city, contrary to their will and pleaſure ;
a ther, laſt circuit at the Tower of London, « unleſs immediately they make due payment for
were compelled, contrary to their ancient cuf “ the fame, or elſe may have reſpite thereof with
toms, to claim their liberties and free-cuſtoms, " the good will of the ſeller: and that no price
e and thereupon did claim divers liberties, by r be made of the wines of thoſe citizens, by any
56 the charters of our faid progenitors, and of 65 the citizens of us or our heirs, or otherwiſe
« other their liberties and free-cuſtoms of old " againſt their wills; that is to ſay, of one ton
s uſe and cuſtom; which ſaid claims do as yet 66 before the maſt and behind it: nor by any
hang before us undecided.
« other means : but ſhall be quit thereof for
“ We will and grant, for us and our heirs,
4 that the ſame citizens, their heirs and ſucceſ 6 Furthermore, we forbid that any officer of
fors, may have the liberties and free-cuſtoms, us or our heirs, ſhall merchandize, by himſelf
" and may uſe them as of old time they were or others, within the ſaid city, or without, of
wont; and that they may record their faid
'' any thing touching their offices.
6
$
66 Allo
66
ever.
66

70
HISTORY and SURVÊ Y of LONDON.
65
“ Alſo we grant, that the lands and tene diſturbers of the public peace, the king, at the
ments (lying without) of the ſaid citizens, time of granting the above-recited charter to the
" which have been, or hereafter fhall be, mi citizens, granted them likewiſe the following:
“ niſters of the ſaid city, be bound to keep the
s ſaid city harmleſs, againſt us and our heirs, of 6: Edward, by the grace of God, king of Eng-
“ thoſe things which concern their offices, as their 6 land, lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitain;
“ tenements be within the ſaid city: and that no to all to whom theſe preſent letters ſhall come,
s market ſhall be henceforth granted, by us or greeting
" our heirs, to any within ſeven miles in circuit “ Know ye, that whereas our well-beloved,
“ of the ſaid city. And that all inquiſitions, " the citizens of the city of London, by their
s from henceforth to be taken by our juſtices or " petition exhibited before us and our council, in
" miniſters of the faid city, ſhall be taken in St. our preſent parliament at Weſtminſter afſem-
Martin's (le Grand] in London, and not elſe " bled, have given us to underſtand, that felons,
" where; except the inquiſitions to be taken in Co thieves, and other malefactors, and diſturbers
e che circuits at the Tower of London; and for “ of the peace, who, in the ſaid city and elſe-
as the goal delivery of Newgate: and that none 66 where, have committed manſlaughters, rob-
os of the freemen of the ſaid city, ſhall be im beries, and divers other felonies, privily de-
“ pleaded or troubled at our exchequer, or elſe parting from the ſaid city, after thoſe felonies
“ where, by bill ; except it be by thoſe things “ committed, into the village of Southwark,
65 which touch us and our heirs. Wherefore we “ where they cannot be attached by the miniſters
“ will and ſtreightly command, for us and our “ of the faid city, and there are openly received:
" heirs, that the ſaid citizens, their heirs and s and ſo for default of due puniſhment are more
66 ſucceſſors, have all their liberties and free “ bold to commit ſuch felonies: and they have
“ cuſtoms, and the ſame may uſe and enjoy for « beſeeched us, that, for the confirmation of our
ever, in form aforeſaid. Given at Weſtminſter, peace within the ſaid city, bridling the naughti-
56 the 6th of March, in the firſt year of our
" neſs of the faid malefactors, we would grant
reign."
unto them the ſaid village, to have to them,
56 their heirs and ſucceſſors, for ever, for the
By this charter all the antient rights and im " farm and rent therefore yearly due to us, to be
munities of the citizens are confirmed, and a yearly paid at our exchequer: We, having con-
grant is made of the following additional privi “ ſideration to the premiſes, with the affent of
leges; viz. The mayor of London to be one of " the prelates, earls, barons, and commonalty,
the judges to ſit on the trial of priſoners confined being in our preſent parliament aforeſaid, have
in Newgate.The citizens to enjoy the right of “ granted, for us and our heirs, to the ſaid citi-
infang-theft, that is the privilege of trying a zens, the ſaid village of Southwark, with the
thief or robber, apprehended within the juriſdic appurtenances, to have and to hold, to them
tion of the city; and of outfang-theft, which is " and their heirs and ſucceſſors, citizens of the
the liberty of reclaiming a citizen taken in any " ſaid city, of us and our heirs for ever, to pay
other place, in order to bring him to his trial to us by the year, at the exchequer of us and
within the city :-a right to the goods, and our heirs for ever, at the accuſtomed times,
chattels of all felons convicted within the juriſ 56 the farms therefore due and accuſtomed : In
diction of the city :-a remiſſion of three hun “ witneſs whereof, we have cauſed theſe our
dred pounds a year, which had been formerly il of letters to be made patents. Witneſs myſelf at
legally extorted from the city for the fee-farm 66 Weſtminſter, the ſixth day of March, in the
rent of the county of Middleſex, in violation of “ firſt year of our reign.”
ancient charters :—the privilege of deviſing lands
in mortmain:--the ſheriffs of London and Mid By this charter we find that the village of
dleſex to be amerced no otherwiſe than other Southwark is granted to the citizens of London,
ſheriffs ſouth of the river Trent:--foreign mer and their heirs for ever : but it does not appear
chants obliged to ſell their merchandize within that it anſwered the end propoſed by the grant ;
forty days, to prevent an advance in the prices : for in the following year there was a very dan-
the citizens not to be chargeable with the cuſtody gerous inſurrection in the city, which being began
of ſuch as take ſanctuary :-an exemption from by a number of people of various profeſſions,
the authority of the king's marſhal, ſteward, and they were joined by a crew of execrable villains,
clerk of the houſhold :--the mayor of London who ſtrolled about the ſtreets with ſwords and
made perpetual eſcheator :- permiſſion for the bucklers, beating and wounding thoſe they met,
Londoners to hold a court of pye-powder, in all and ſometimes even perpetrating murder.
country fairs :--the citizens exempted from all Theſe outrages occaſioned the king's iſſuing a.
tallages, except being aſſeſſed in common with writ directed to the mayor and ſheriffs of London,
their fellow ſubjects :--the liberties of the city for the apprehending and proſecuting all rioters ;
not to be ſeized for a perſonal offence, or iniqui- || but this proving ineffe&tual, the king ſent a letter
tous judgment of any of its magiſtrates :---none to the mayor and ſheriffs, a copy of which is as
of the king's purveyors to rate any ſort of goods follows.
belonging to the citizens, or to deal in any
kind
of merchandize within the city :-and, laſtly, “ The king to the mayor and ſheriffs of Lone
that no market be held within ſeven miles of " don, greeting. Whereas it is given us to under-
London.
“ ftand, that very many evil doers, and diſturb-
The village of Southwark being, about this ers of our peace, have made divers riots,
time, the general rendezvous of thieves and other confederacies, and unlawful conventicles, with-
66 in

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
71
66
« in the aforeſaid city, and ſuburbs thereof, fince reign courts being arrived in England, the king
we have taken the government of our realm, treated his illuſtrious viſitors with a folemn tour-
cs and do wander about and run here and there, nament, of thirteen knights on a fide, which was
beating, wounding, and miſuſing the people, exhibited between the ends of Queen-ſtreet and
6 and wickedly killing ſome of them, and ſpoil Wood-ſtreet in Cheapfide.
sing others of their goods and poffeffions; and On this occaſion, the ſtreet was covered with
66 taking and impriſoning others; as well of the ſand, to prevent the horſes flipping down, and a
“ city and ſuburbs, as thoſe that come to the grand ſcaffold, in the form of a tower, was erected
« faid city and ſuburbs about their buſineſs, and for the accommodation of the queen, and the
detaining them in priſon, until they have made ladies of her majeſty's train ; but during the ex-
" them give fines and redemptions; and com hibition this building fell ſuddenly down, though
“ mitting other miſdemeanors, and not deſiſting happily, the ladies received no other injury than
s daily to commit them, to the breach of our being dreadfully frightened. His majeſty, how-
peace, and the terror of our people in thoſe ever, would have ſeverely puniſhed the builder
parts, and manifeſtly tending to commotion : for his careleſsneſs, had not the queen, with great
« We, willing to have ſuch malefactors puniſhed, humanity, interceded in his behalf, and obtained
" and the tranquillity of our people inviolably his pardon.
kept, as we are bound to do by our oath, com In the year abovementioned, the practice of
es mand you, that by the oath of honeſt men, in adulterating wines being carried to ſuch a height
your bailiffwick, ye diligently enquire of the as to endanger the health of his majeſty's ſubjects,
names of the aforeſaid malefactors, and of them an order was iſſued to the mayor and ſheriffs, di-
" that knowingly receive and maintain them, recting them in the king's name, to make public
s and find out the truth concerning other articles, proclamation, that " no perſon ſhould preſume in
more fully touching the premiſes. And all any manner to mingle fuch wines, nor to ſell
" thoſe, whom thereupon it ſhall happen to be any mixed, but good and pure; and to puniſh
judged, and all thoſe whom ye ſhall find doing ss the offenders by levying a forfeit upon them
“ ſuch things, as are premiſed, ye cauſe, with-
“ for the uſe of the king.
out delay, to be taken, and to be ſafely kept The meaſures which had been heretofore taken,
« in our priſon, until ye ſhall have farther com for the puniſhment of the deſperadoes who wound-
« mand from us thereupon: and that ye ſo be ed, robbed and murdered people in the ſtreets,
* have yourſelves in this behalf, that the damages being found inſufficient to reſtrain the horrid
« and lewdneffes aforeſaid, may not happen there practices of theſe daring offenders, the king iſſued
any more: whereby we might take heavily of a proclamation, ſtrictly enjoining that “ no per-
you, as of them to whom we have committed "'fon ſhould preſume to wear any coat of plate,
66 the cuſtody of the ſaid city, under the danger or any weapon whatever, in the city of Lon-
" that is incumbent. In witneſs whereof, &c.” “ don, or town of Weſtminſter, or in the ſuburbs
" thereof, upon pain of forfeiting all his poſſeſ-
The mayor and ſheriffs of this city, being re-
ſolved to enforce that obedience which the king In the ſpring of the year 1335, there fell ſuch
had by the above-recited writ required, immedi exceſſive rains, that the corn was roſted in the
ately apprehended a confiderable number of the ground, ſo that the following harveſt was ſo ex-
offenders ; in conſequence of which his majeſty tremely bad as to cauſe a general ſcarcity, which
ſent the following letter to the judges, mayor, &c. raiſed proviſions to an enormous price.
for the ſpeedy proſecution of the delinquents. Beſides this misfortune, the prices were likewiſe
greatly advanced by the regrators, and of thoſe
es To Oliver de Ingham, John Matravers, who ſold by defective weights and meaſures.
" John de Stoner, Robert de Mabbethorpe, and Hereupon the king, with the advice of his couns
John de Grantham; to the mayor, &c. For cil, ſent a ſevere reprimand to the mayor and
“ aſmuch as our city of London is our chamber; ſheriffs of London, for having been ſo inattentive
" and, on that account, the men of the ſaid city to the welfare of the city, as not to provide a pro-
" of London are more firmly obliged to the de per ſtore of proviſions againſt a time of ſcarcity.
« fence of our perſon, and conſervation of our He likewiſe cenſured them for paying ſo little
rights ; we more heavily bearing the premiſes, || regard to their oaths, as to permit the ſale of
" and willing that they be puniſhed, as it is fit, || bread, wine, beer, and other articles at ſuch
« have commanded you our ſaid mayor and ſheriffs || high prices, and for not puniſhing thoſe who
e of London, that ye ſhall enquire diligently made uſe of bad weights and meaſures.
" of the premiſes, and ſhould take thoſe whom His majeſty alſo ſtrictly enjoined the mayor, on
ye ſhould find culpable by the ſame inquiſition, the penalty of his whole fortune, immediately to
" and keep them ſafe, until ye ſhould have ſome fummon the aldermen and other citizens, to de
« further command thereupon from us.
And bate upon and fix the prices of all kinds of pro-
“ becauſe the premiſes do ſpecially touch us, and viſions, with proper regard to the prime coſt of
" the ſtate of our crown, willing to determine the reſpective articles. At the ſame time the
" the ſaid inquiſitions, and all other things touch- || king ſent the following charge to the mayor of
« ing the premiſes, according to the exigence of
the city :
" law, we have aſſigned you our juſtices to hear
" and determine the inquiſitions and indictments “ That your oath as mayor remain inviolable,
• made by the ſame inquiſitions, &c."
do you chaſtize and puniſh all from time to
In the year 1329, ſeveral ambaſſadors from fo. a time who act againſt right, and reform all
6f other
66
66 fions.
22
66

72
HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
rates :
* other things which you ſhall know to be re “ ible things whatſoever, whereſoever they werë,
“ pugnant to the good government of the ſaid “ either in cities, towns, boroughs, ports of the
« city and ſuburbs; that, by your diligence ex “ fea, fairs, markets, or other places in the
« hibited in this behalf, the city may be reduced " realm, whether within liberties or without,
to its due ſtate, and exceſſive regrators wholly "might, without impediment, freely ſell the
“ taken away: and that you publicly proclaim «s fame victuals or wares to whom they pleaſed,
“ all and ſingular the premiſes in the foreſaid as well to foreigners as to Engliſh born; the
“ city and ſuburbs, in the accuſtomed places.
66 enemies to us and our realm only excepted;
“ but if they ſhould not appoint a ſpeedy reme. notwithſtanding the charters of liberties to any
“ dy for all theſe exceſſes, that then the grieved “ cities or places aforeſaid granted to the contrary,
“ ſhould complain thereof to him and his coun or cuſtom or judgment upon the ſaid charters,
“ cil; and he, in that defect, would cauſe a - as in the aforeſaid ſtatute is more plainly con-
“ remedy to be applied to theſe exceſſes without s tained : yet, nevertheleſs, becauſe in the ſta-
« delay.”
tutes as well in our faid parliament, as in other
“ parliaments of our progenitors, ſometimes
In obedience to the royal command, meaſures kings of England, made by us and our proge-
were immediately taken to fix the prices of pro-
nitors, with the common conſent of the pre-
viſions; and a great ſcarcity of money ariſing “ lates, earls, barons, and commonalty of our
from the large ſums which had been levied on Oc “ realm, it was granted and eſtabliſhed, that the
caſion of a war with the Scots, the proviſions un great charter of the liberty of England, in all
dermentioned were ſold at the following low " and ſingular its articles, ſhould be maintained
" and firmly obſerved. And in the fame charter,
s. d. 6 amongſt other things it is contained, that the
The beſt wheat, the quarter, at
city of London may have its ancient liberties
The beſt ox, at
6 8 66 and free-cuſtoms unhurt: and it hath been the
The beſt ſheep, at
8 - intent and meaning, as well of us as our pro-
The beſt pigeons, ſix for
genitors, and yet is, that the ſaid great charter,
The beſt gooſe, at
« in all the articles thereof, may be ſtill obſerved;
The beſt pig, at
" and that by pretext of the ſaid ſtatute, or any
“ other, nothing ſhall be done to the prejudice
Certain privileges having been granted to or infringmenr of the ſaid charter, or of any
foreigners reſiding in London, the citizens began 66 article therein contained, or of the ancient li-
to be alarmed for fear their rights and immunities 66 berties or cuſtoms of the ſaid city, may be un-
ſhould be invaded ; upon which the king, to eaſe juftly burdened, touching their faid liberties
their aprehenſions, granted them the following co and free-cuſtoms, contrary to ſuch intent, with
charter:
"s the conſent of the prelates, earls, and barons,
56 affiſtant with us in this our parliament, have
“ Edward, by the grace of God, king of granted, for us and our heirs, that the citizens
England, lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitain, os of the ſaid city, their heirs and ſucceſſors, may
to all to whom theſe preſent letters ſhall come, 6 have all their liberties and free cuſtoms unhurt
“ greeting
66 and whole, as before theſe times, they more
* Know ye, whereas in our parliament at York s freely had the ſame; the aforeſaid ſtatute for
" holden the morrow after the aſcenſion of our 66 the faid merchants made to the hurt of the li-
“ Lord, in the ninth year of our reign, it was " berties and cuſtoms of the ſaid city notwith-
es enacted, that all merchant ſtrangers and Eng “ ſtanding. In witneſs whereof we have cauſed
“ liſh-born, and every of them, of what eſtate o theſe our letters to be made patents. Witneſs
or condition foever, who would buy or ſell “ myſelf at Weſtminſter, the 26th day of March,
corn, wine, powderable wares, fiſh or other « in the with year of our reign."
« victuals, wool, cloth, wares, or other vend-
66
2
O
o
I
0
2
O
I
66
SUNT AZ
CHAPTER

HISTORY. and SURVEY of LONDON.
73
CH A P T E R XV.
Twenty thouſand marks advanced by the city. Commiſion illued to the citizens for preſerving
the public peace. A battle between the Fiſhmongers and Skinners. Two rioters beheaded.
Patent granted to the citizens. The king's judges not permitted to fit in the city. A gene-
ral pardon granted to the citizens. Writ to compel all citizens having £40 per annum to
take upon them the order of knighthood. The sheriffs anſwer to this writ. Orders reſpect-
ing the choice of a mayor in future. Proclamation enjoining leprous perſons to depart the
city. A dreadful plague in London, by which the price of provifions is greatly reduced. A
charter granted by king Edward to the citizens. The mayor of London allowed to have gold
or ſilver maces carried before him. A preſent of archers from the city to the king. The
Black prince, and the king of France bis priſoner, received into London. The king's order
concerning the ſlaughter of cattle. A return of the plague. The Lord-mayor entertains
four kings, &c. Ordinance aſcertaining what goods a tenant muſt leave on quitting his houſe.
T
S.
O
O
660 10
O
352 6
O
O
559 6 8
IIO
O
O
O
0
517 10
O
HE parliament, in the year 1339, grant their abilities for the preſervation of the publie
ed the king a ſubſidy for the ſupport of peace; and which likewiſe ordered, that they
the war, but money being immediately || hhould cauſe proper and ſpeedy puniſhment to be
wanted, the citizens ſupplied him with twenty done upon ſuch malefactors as ſhould be appre-
thouſand marks, which was to be deducted from hended in the abſence of the king,
the ſum they were to raiſe towards the ſubſidy. A quarrel happening between the Fiſhmongers
This is the firſt general aſſeſſment we remem and Skinners ſoon after the departure of the king,
ber to have read of; and the following is the ta the parties met in the ſtreets, and ſeveral ſkir-
ble of rates by which each ward was afleffed. miſhes enſuing, many perſons were mortally
wounded. In order to ſuppreſs this lawleſs tu.
The Affefſment.
mult, the mayor, aldermen and ſheriffs, repaired
1. d. to the place of riot, where they apprehended ſe-
Tower-Ward
365 0 veral of the rioters, and were conveying them to
Billingſgate-Ward
763 0 priſon, when two of the mob, the one named
Bridge-Ward
765 68
Thomas Haunſart, the other John le Brewere,
Dowgate-Ward
affiſted by ſeveral accomplices, aſſaulted the
Langburn-Ward
8 mayor, and reſcued the priſoners ; however, they
Wallbroke Ward
911
were ſoon overcome, and carried to Guildhall,
Biſhopſgate-Ward
where they were tried and convicted, and the ſame
Lymeſtreet-Ward
day, purſuant to their ſentence, beheaded in
Cornhill. Ward
315
Cheapſide, then called Weſtcheap,
Cheap-Ward
The king, on his return, was ſo highly pleaſed
Broadſtreet-Ward
588 0 with the ſpirited conduct of the firſt magiſtrate,
Vintry-Ward
634 16
8 and his brethren the aldermen, and ſheriffs, that
Breadſtreet-Ward
461 16
8 on the fourth of June, at which time his majeſty
Queenhithe-Ward
435 13 4
was at the Tower, he ſigned the following patent.
Cordwaynerſtreet-Ward
2195 3 4
Faringdon-Ward within
8 “ We, conſidering if ſo great raſhneſs of the
Faringdon-Ward without
114 13
4
« foreſaid Thomas and John
had been paſſed over
Cripplegate-Ward
462 10 unpuniſhed, it had yielded boldneſs to others
Colemanftreet-Ward
8 “s of doing the like things; and fo thinking the
Candlewickſtreet. Ward
8 “ faid puniſhment very ſeaſonable for the con-
Aldgate-Ward
30
"s ſervation of our peace, and to be well done ;
Portfoken-Ward
" and willing, by the conſideration aforeſaid,
Caſtle-Baynard's. Ward
63 6 " that the ſaid mayor, ſheriffs, aldermen and
Baffifhaw. Ward
79 13 4 commonalty be ſecure; and to provide that
Alderſgate-Ward
they may not be troubled, by reaſon hereof,
as in future times; what hath been done by the
Sum Total 12385 13
mayor, ſheriffs, &c. as much as belongs to
us, we approve and confirm. So that they
may not hereafter be fued, either by ourſelves,
The ſame year, in conſequence of the king's our heirs, ſucceſſors, or our juſtices, on occa-
reſolution to croſs the ſeas, a commiſſion was « fion of theſe deaths. Witneſs the king at the
granted to the mayor, aldermen and commonalty 66 Tower of London, on the fourth day of June."
of London, whereby they were empowered and
commanded to exert themſelves to the utmoſt of Shortly after, the king's itinerant judges were
7
T
commanded
730 16 5
1051 16
133 6
O
27 10
57 10
4

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
commanded to make inquiſition throughout the 66 Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter, the thirtieth
kingdom concerning the public conduct of his col-
day of June, in the year of our reign
lectors of duties; but the citizens being convinced over England the eighteenth, but of our
that ſuch a ſtep would be contrary to their privi-
reign over France the fifth."
leges, would not permit any of them to hold a fit-
ting in the city. In conſequence of which the king The ſheriffs returned the following anſwer to
ordered them to appear immediately before him this brief.
at the Tower, which they likewiſe poſitively re-
fuſed; and the people in general behaving, on " We have cauſed to be proclaimed through-
this occaſion, with the ſame ſpirit they ever have 66 out our whole bailiffwick all the articles con-
done when their liberties were invaded, the judges “ tained in the brief, as it is commanded in the
very prudently declared that they would not hold es fame. We have cauſed alſo inquiſition to be
a feffion on that account till after Eaſter.
" made, by the oath of honeſt and lawful men
The king, who was highly diſpleaſed with the " of our faid bailiffwick, if any have forty
behaviour both of his judges and citizens, ordered pounds of land or rent, by the year, in our
ftrict ſearch to be made after all perſons who had .66 faid bailiffwick, and have held them for three
behaved themſelves in a tumultuous manner; " whole years, and of thoſe that hold a part in
but, being well aſſured that the citizens had been our bailiffwick, and a part elſewhere, of the
actuated by no other motive than a fixed reſolu " ſaid value. By whoſe oath we find, that all
tion of maintaining their rights, he gave them a " the lands and rents in the ſaid city are held of
general pardon.
ss the lord the king in capite, as free burgage
In the year 1342, a general inſpection was " in fee-farm. Nor is their any that hath forty
made into the charters of Henry the third, rela « pounds in land or rent in the ſame by the year
tive to the mayoralcy and ſheriffwick of London so certain ; becauſe the lands in the ſaid city,
and Middleſex, and of the articles made in the “ ſome are lett for more, fome for leſs, and often
reign of Edward the ſecond for the better govern o ſtand empty, and are not lett, yet frequently
ing the city, which conclude with the following es have divers burdens, and require repairs and
intereſting clauſe:
" amendments. And for thoſe cauſes, and the
burning of houſes, and divers other dangers
" Moreover we, being willing to ſhew more " happening, the certainty of the true value of
« abundant favour to the citizens of the city 66 them cannot be known. And as to the lands
“ aforeſaid, have granted to them, for us and or rents, which the citizens have out of the
" for our heirs, and by this our charter have " bailiffwick, the ſworn men ſay, that they know
66 confirmed, that although they, or their pre nothing of the value of then by the year, nor
“ deceffors, citizens of the city aforeſaid, have can enquire."
" not hitherto fully uſed, upon any emergent oc-
" caſion, any of the liberties, acquittals, articles, The ſanie year, the king granted Reginald de
or free-cuſtoms, contained in the ſaid charter Conductu, an annuity of twenty-one pounds, ari-
" and letters; yet, the ſame citizens, and their ſing from ſeveral meſſuages in the city belonging
" heirs and ſucceſſors, citizens of that city, to the crown, in conſequence of the ſaid Regi-
may henceforth fully enjoy thoſe liberties, ac nald having, during his mayoralty, in the ninth
" quittals, articles and free-cuſtoms, and any of and tenth years of the reign of Edward the
" them, for ever. 15 Edward III. June the 3d. || third, expended large ſums of money for the
at the tower of London."
benefit of the citizens in general ; and for other
reaſons which did him honour both as a man and
In the year 1344, the king, in order to raiſe a a magiſtrate.
ſum of money for carrying on the war with The year following, it was ordered that in fu-
France, determined, as the beſt expedient, to ture the new mayor ſhould be choſen by the
oblige every citizen poſſeſſed of forty pounds a mayor and aldermen for the time being, and by
year to take upon him the order of knighthood; ſuch of the principal inhabitants of each ward as
and the following writ was ſent to the ſheriffs of ſhould be fummoned to attend. It was at the
London :
ſame time reſolved, that if the perſon choſen on
St. Edward's day ſhould be abſent at the election,
“ We command, firmly enjoining you, that or refuſe to ſerve that office, he ſhould forfeit an
“ in the city aforeſaid, when you ſhall think hundred marks, to be paid to the perſon elected
" convenient, ye cauſe it publickly to be pro in his room, on the feaſt of St. Simon and Jude ;
" claimed, that all who have forty pounds of alſo, that the ſum of twenty pounds ſhould be
“ land or rent, as they have revenue by the paid by every alderman abſenting himſelf, with-
year, and have held them for three whole out a reaſonable cauſe, from the election of a
years, and are not knights, take upon them mayor.
" the order of knighthood, about the feaſt of In the year 1345, a bloody battle was fought
“ St. Laurence next, (Auguſt 10) or at moſt on at Nevill's Croſs, near the city of Durham, be-
" the feaſt, upon danger, which followeth: And tween the Engliſh and Scots, when David king
" that ye diligently enquire of the names of of Scotland was, after a gallant reſiſtance, taken
66 thoſe who have forty pounds per annum of priſoner, and conveyed to the Tower of London.
«. land or rents in the ſaid city ; and that ye cer In the year 1347, a proclamation was made
tify us of thoſe names in our chancery before by order of the king, that all leprous perſons
" the foreſaid feaſt : And by no means omit ye inhabiting the city ſhould depart from thence
within fifteen days; upon which the citizens
claimed
66
,
66
KG
66 this.

HISTORŽ and SURVEY of LONDON.
75
€6
}6
O
4
I
O
6
4
3
2
32
1
claimed the right of ſending fourteen perſons 66 faid city; as alſo in the preſence of us, our
afflicted with that diſeaſe to be maintained in St. 56 mother, or confort, or our children, when
Giles's Hoſpital, which right they derived from " the ſaid mayor, or ſheriffs, or aldermen of the
queen Matilda, who was the foundreſs thereof. " ſaid city, or any of then, ſhall come to us or
In the year following, a great plague, faid to our heirs, at or without the command or
have been brought from India, broke out in Lon < warning of us, or any of us; and as often as
don, and carried off prodigious numbers of peo " it ſhall happen any of the ſaid ſerjeants - to be
ple; by which the conſumption of all ſorts of " ſent to foreign places, and without the city,
proviſions was ſo exceedingly lefſened, that, " to do their offices, at the command of us, or
cs of the mayor and ſheriffs aforeſaid, they may
$. d. lawfully carry going and coming publickly, as
A fine horſe, formerly worth forty ſhillings,
our own ferjeants at arms, attending our pre-
8
was fold at
“ fence; do carry their maces ; any ordinance
The beſt fed ox, at
or commandment made to the contrary not-
The beſt cow, at
56 withſtanding
The beſt heifer or ſteer, at
" In witneſs whereof, we have cauſed theſe
The beſt weather, at
our letters to be made patents. Witneſs my-
The beſt ewe, at
- felf at Weſtminſter, the tenth day of June, in
The beſt lamb, at
" the twenty-eighth year of our reign of Eng-
The beſt hog, at
5
66 land, and of France the fifteenth,
A ſtone of wool, at
9
The citizens were highly pleaſed with their
This ſhocking diſtemper continued to rage ſo monarch for granting the favour of gold or ſilver
violently, that the common burying places were maces being carried before the mayor, it being a
not large enough to receive the dead bodies, and privilege peculiar to the city of London, as every
people were obliged to purchaſe ground for the other city and town in the kingdom was expreſsly
purpoſe ; particularly Ralph Stratford, biſhop of forbid to uſe any maces that were not made of
London, who bought a piece of ground, incloſed copper.
it with a brickwall, and dedicated it to the pur As our ancient hiſtorians are filent reſpecting
pofe of burying the dead, and it is recorded that the time when the title of lord was conferred on
Sir Walter Manny purchaſed a piece of ground the mayor of London for the time being; it is
adjoining to St. Bartholomew's Hoſpital, in which the concurrent opinion of the more modern
fifty thouſand perſons who died of the plague writers, that it was beſtowed at this time, when
were buried, and a latin inſcription was afterwards the honour of having maces as grand as thoſe of
fixed upon a ſtone croſs near the premiſes of which the king himſelf, was allowed to the chief ma-
the following is a tranſlation.
giſtrate.
“ A great plague raging in the year
In gratitude for this favour, the citizens prea
" lord 1349, and within the bounds of the pre fented his majeſty with twenty-five men at arms,
6 ſent monaſtery, were buried more than fifty and five hundred archers, all dreſſed in one uni-
46 thouſand bodies of the dead, beſides many form, in order to aſlift in the proſecution of his
« others thenceforward to the preſent time ; deſigns on France. The year 1357 is diſtinguish-
" whoſe ſouls the lord have mercy upon! Amen. ed by the grandeſt triumphal entry that ever was
In the year 1354, the following charter was made into this, or, perhaps, any other city; of
granted by Edward to the citizens of London: which our readers will be pleaſed with ſeeing a
particular account.
“ Edward, by the grace of God, king of Edward, prince of Wales, commonly called
e England and France, and lord of Ireland, to the black prince, having routed the French army
es all to whom theſe our letters ſhall come, greet at Poictiers, and taken John, king of France,
priſoner, finding his army inſufficient to improve
“ Know ye, that we being worthily careful the advantages he had obtained, agreed on a
or of the conſervation and increaſe of the name truce for two years, that he might have an op-
" and honour of our city of London, and at the portunity of conducting his royal captive to Eng-
" fupplication of the mayor, ſheriffs, and com land, where he arrived in the beginning of the
" monalty of the ſaid city to us humbly made, month of May.
66 will and grant for us and our heirs, that the When they came to Southwark they were met
ſerjeants appointed to bear the maces in our by upwards of a thouſand of the citizens of Lon-
" ſaid city may lawfully carry them of gold don on horſe-back, dreſſed in a fuperb manner,
or ſilver, or filvered or garniſhed with the and by a prodigious concourſe of people on foot.
ſign of our arms, or others, every where in The captive monarch was clad in royal appa-
“ the ſaid city, and in the ſuburbs of the fame, rel, and mounted on a white courfer, remarkable
« and in the county of Middleſex, and other pla for its ſize and beauty, while the victorious prince
ces to the liberties of the ſaid city apper rode by his ſide, on a little black horſe, in ordie
taining; and alſo without the ſaid city to
nary trappings.
meet with us, our mother, confort, or the When they arrived at the foot of Londonte
“ children of us or our heirs, or other royal || Bridge, they were received by the mayor, alder-
perſons, when we or any of us ſhall come to men, ſheriffs, and the ſeveral city companies,
« the ſaid city, and alſo in going forth with us, dreſſed in their formalities, and attended by
or any of us, when we ſhall depart from the ſtately pageants.
In
of our
»
« ing
06

76
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
66
cit:
66
In this manner they were conducted through cs and the bowels caſt into the Thames, the air
the ſtreets of London, which were decorated with " in the city is very much corrupted and infected,
the richeſt tapeſtries, while the citizens exhibited cs whence abominable and moſt filthy ſtinks pro-
to public view their plate, folks, and other furni ceed, ſickneſſes and many other evils have
ture, as a proof of their riches; and as a teſti happened to ſuch as have abode in the ſaid
mony of their warlike genius, they expoſed, in city, or have reſorted to it; and great dan-
the balconies and ſhop windows, an incredible gers are feared to fall out for the time to
number of bows, arrows, helmets, ſhields, croflets, come, unleſs remedy be preſently made againſt
breaſt and back pieces, coats of mail, gauntlets,
vambraces, * ſwords, ſpears, battle-axes, harneſs “ We, willing to prevent ſuch danger, and to
for horſes, and other military accoutrements. provide as much as in us lies for the honeſty of
The cavalcade was ſo numerous, and the con as the ſaid city, and the ſafety of our people, by
courſe of people affembled to behold it ſo pro " the conſent of our council in our preſent
digious, that it continued from three o'clock in parliament, have ordained, that all bulls,
the morning till noon, when the victorious prince « oxen, hogs, and other groſs creatures, to be
preſented the king of France to his father, who « llain for the ſuſtenance of the ſaid city, be
received him with the utmoſt politeneſs.
" led as far as the town of Stratford on one part
Soon after this affair, a diſpute happened be ro of London, and the town of Knightſbridge on
tween the citizens, and the ſteward of the king's Co the other; and there, and not on this ſide, be
houſhold, who, notwithſtanding the known pri " Nain; and that their bowels be there cleanſed,
vileges of the city, uſed frequently to oblige them " to be brought, together with the fleſh, to the
to plead out of the city.
“ faid city to be fold: and if any butcher ſhall
Hereupon the citizens determined to apply to preſume any thing rafhly againſt this ordi-
the king for the redreſs of this grievance, and nance, let him incur forfeiture of the fleſh of
his majeſty was pleaſed to give them the fol " the creatures which he hath cauſed to be ſlain
lowing anſwer :
so on this ſide the ſaid towns, and the punish-
" ment of impriſonment for one year. This
" That the king willeth, that, if a tranſgreſ. " ordinance to be publickly proclaimed and
fion be made to any of the king's houſhold, held; and all butchers doing otherwiſe to be
" within the liberty of the city of London, and “ chaftized and puniſhed according to the form
"s within the verge of the king, the plea of ſuch " of the ordinance aforeſaid. Witneſs the king
tranſgreſſion be held before the ſteward and at Weſtminſter, the twenty-fifth day of Fes
marſhal of the king's houſhold ; and, if in. “ bruary.”
es quiſition muſt be made, let that inquiſition be
“ taken within the ſaid city.” And his majeſty Notwithſtanding this precautionary care, the
was pleaſed to confirm the ſaid anſwer in parlia- || peſtilence reached England, where it raged to
ment, in the 30th year of his reign, with this ſuch an aſtoniſhing degree, that in the city of
additional clauſe.—5 And this the lord the king | London only, no leſs than twelve hundred per-
granted in favour of the poor workmen of the ſons fell a ſacrifice to its inſatiable fury, in the
" ſaid city, who lived of the work of their own ſpace of two days : a prodigious number indeed,
“ hands, that they want not their food, or be if we conſider the great difference of population
more impoveriſhed.”
between thoſe times and the preſent !
The kings of Scotland, France, and Cyprus,
The French having invaded the coaſt of Suſſex, || being in England in the year 1363, on a viſit to
in the year 1360, the city of London, to revenge king Edward, Henry Picard, a late lord mayor
the depredations they had made, did, in the ſame of London, had the honour of giving a fump-
year, in conjunction with ſome of the ſea-port tuolis dinner to the four monarchs, together with
towns, fit out a fleet of one hundred and fixty fail the prince of Wales, and moſt of the nobility :
of ſhips, having on board them fourteen thou and perhaps ſuch an honour never yet fell to the
ſand men, who landing on the coaſt of France, lot of any other private ſubject in the whole
ravaged, burnt, and deſtroyed the country
world.
wherever they came.
In the year 1365 the parliament made an ordi-
In the year 1361, a dreadful plague broke out nance to aſcertain what things a tenant ſhould be
in France, and as it was apprehended that it obliged to leave behind him, on his quitting a
might either be communicated to London, or that houſe that he had rented in the city, or within the
this moſt dreadful diſorder might be revived liberties of London; of which the following is
therein, by the putrifying of the blood and en a tranſlation. +
trails of beaſts, which the butchers uſed to throw It was ordained, that “if any perſon hire a
into the ftreets, the king iſſued his commands to “ tenement, houſe or houſes, in the city of
the mayor and ſheriffs, in a letter to the following 66 London, or in the ſuburbs thereof, to hold
effect.
cs the ſame for the term of life, or for years,
or only from year to year, or from quarter to
“ Becauſe by killing of great beaſts, &c. from quarter; if the ſaid tenant ſhall make, or
s whoſe putrified blood running down the ſtreets, “ cauſe to be made, any pentyſes or other caſes
* A kind of armour to cover the arms,
+ At this time the acts of parliament were in the Latin
tongue.
ments

HISTORY and SURV E T of I ONDO N.
77
nowe
66 acts;
(6
« ments in the ſaid tenement, houſe, or houſes, At this period the citizens of London appear
it fixed with nails of iron or wooden pegs to the to have diſcontinued the uſe of archery, which
premiſes, or to the ſoil thereof; it ſhall not be had been much practiſed by, and in general eſ-
** lawful for ſuch tenant to remove ſuch pentyſes teem with their anceſtors ; whereupon the king
or eaſements at the end of the term, or at any ſent the following letter to the ſheriffs of London,
“ other time to deſtroy them ; but they ſhall al to revive and eſtabliſh the practice of ſhooting
ways remain to the landlord of the ſaid premiſes, with arrows.
as a parcel thereof." In conſequence of this or-
dinance, the mayor and aldermen publiſhed " The king to the ſheriffs of London, greeting.
the following confirmation thereof : “ Whereas “ Becauſe the people of our realm, as well of
of late, amonge divers people, was " good quality as mean, have commonly in
es ſprongen matter of doute upon the moſt elde " their ſports before theſe times exerciſed the
" cuſtom had and uſed in this cyte of London, 6c ſkill of ſhooting arrows ; whence it is well
« of ſuch thyngys which by tenauntys for terms s known, that honour and profit have accrued
« of lyfe or yerys, have been affyxed unto houſes, to our whole realm, and to us, by the help
" without ſpecyal lycence of the owner of the 66 of God, no ſmall aſſiſtance in our warlike
" ſoyle, whether they owe to remayne unto the
and now the ſaid ſkill being, as it
's owner of the ſoyle, as parcel of the ſame; “ were, wholly laid aſide, the fame people pleaſe
or ellys whether it ſhall be lawful unto ſuche " themſelves in hurling of ſtones and wood and
" tenauntys, on the end of her terme, all ſuche - iron; and ſome in hand-ball, foot-ball, bandy-
thyngys affyxed to remove.
có ball, and in cambuck, or cock-fighting; and
Whereupon, olde bokys ſeen, and many “ fome alſo apply themſelves to other diſhoneſt
" records, olde proceffys, and engagementys of games, and leſs profitable or uſeful; whereby
" the fayd cyte, it was declared by the mayor and " the ſaid realm is likely, in a ſhort time, to be
" aldermen, for an olde preſcrybed cuſtom of the 66 come deſtitute of archers.
cyte aforeſayd, that all ſuche eaſementys fyxed " We, willing to apply a ſeaſonable remedy
" unto houſes, or to ſoyle, by ſuche tenauntys, “ to this, command you, that in places in the
« without ſpecyal and expreffe lycence of the 6c foreſaid city, as well within the liberties as
owner of the foyle, yf they be affyxed with « without, where you ſhall ſee it expedient, you
e nayles of irne or of tree, as pentyſes, glaſſe, "s cauſe publick proclamation to be made, that
lockys, benchys, or any ſuche other : or elles “ every one of the ſaid city, ſtrong in body, at
" if they be affyxed with morter or lyme, or of « leiſure times on holidays, uſe in their recrea-
“ erther, or any other morter, as forneys, leedys, to tions bows and arrows, or pellets, or bolts,
" candorous, chemyneys, corbels, pavemettis, có and learn and exerciſe the art of ſhooting;
or ſuche other; or elles yf plantys be roetyd có forbidding all and ſingular on our behalf, that
" in the ground, as vines, trees, graffe ſtounks, they do not after any manner apply themſelves
trees of frut, &c. it ſhall not be lawful unto to the throwing of ſtones, wood, iron, hand-
" ſuche tenauntys, in the end of her terme, or ball, foot-ball, bandy-ball, cambuck, or cock-
on any other tyme therein, nor any of them, fighting, nor ſuch other like vain plays, which
to put away, move, or plucke up in any wyſe, “ have no profit in them, or concern themſelves
" but that they ſhall alway remayne to the owner " therein, under pain of impriſonment. Wit-
" of the ſoyle, as parcels of the ſame ſoyle or " neſs the king at Weſtminſter, the twelfth day
" tenement."
56 of June."
CC
66
CG
CH A P T E R XVI.
A perſon elected mayor fined
for not ſerving the office. Plague in London. Citizens petition
to the king and parliament for a confirmation of their ancient privileges. Practice of ưfury
ſuppreſſed. Grand tournament in Smithfield. Two charters granted. Citizens reſtored to
their ancient right of ſelling wine. Their petition to chooſe their own coroner rejected. A
grand maſquerade at the palace at Kennington. Account of a dangerous riot, and its con-
Sequences. Richard, prince of Wales, invited to refide in the city. Death of Edward III.
N the year 1368, Walter Berneye having || Walter Berneye, for the uſe of the ſaid Simon de
been elected chief magiſtrate of this city, and Mordon the mayor, purſuant to an order of the
not appearing on the feaſt of St. Simon and city, made in the year 1345.
Jude, to take upon him the ſaid office; Simon The citizens of London were again viſited
de Mordon was elected mayor, and on the day with the plague, in the year 1369, by which
following he was ſworn in before the barons of the great numbers were deſtroyed; and notwith-
exchequer.
ſtanding the number of inhabitants was thus lef-
Hereupon a warrant of diſtreſs was iſſued, to ſened, a wet harveſt, in the ſame year, occaſioned
levy one hundred marks on the effects of the ſaid ſo great a ſcarcity of corn, that wheat raiſed to
7
U
the

28
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
the extřavagant price of one pound, fix ſhillings
and eight-pence the quarter.
Notwithſtanding the ſeveral charters that had
been granted to the citizens of London, they
could not but remark that their liberties were ſtill
occaſionaly invaded, by foreigners obtaining pri-
vate grants from the crown; whereupon they
made application to the king and parliament, in
the following terms.
whom led a horſe on which a knight was
mounted; many of the principal noblemen, rich-
ly accoutred, were likewiſe preſent at this tourna-
ment, which laſted ſeven days; during which time
many gallant feats were performed by the young
nobility and gentry.
In the fiftieth year of his reign Edward grant-
ed two charters; the firſt, which was to explain
the right of chuſing aldermen, runs as follows:
66
" To our lord the king, and his noble coun-
6c cil, the citizens of London do ſhew, that they
" have nothing to live upon but their induſtry
“s and franchiſe, upon which franchiſe the ſaid
“ city was founded ; and by reaſon of which
franchiſe, they were wont to travel by land and
" by ſea, in divers countries for their profit; by
" which travel they uſed to bring divers merchan-
“ dizes, to the great common profit of the
whole realm of England, to the great aid and
“ maintenance of the ſaid city, ſuſtenance and
“ increaſe of the navy of the ſaid land.
6 And of late their franchiſes are taken from
“ them, againſt the grant of our ſaid noble lord
" the king, and his noble progenitors, ſealed
"s with their ſeals, and againſt the great charter ;
ss to the great deſtruction as well of the ſaid city,
" common damage of the land, as alſo of the
navy.
" Whereupon they pray, that the king would
" pleaſe to have regard, and take notice that
“ the ſaid city was founded upon the ſaid fran-
chiſes, without which they could not maintain
" the city, nor bear the taxes and other charges,
as they were wont to do: for which cauſe they
pray they may have their franchiſes, according
" to the grant of the king, and his noble pro-
genitors, and the great charter; and that all
“ ſuch grants and confirmations of franchiſes,
may be made to all other cities and burghs
66 of the realm."
66
66
06
" Edward, by the grace of God, king of
England and France, and lord of Ireland, to
« all men to whom we ſend, greeting. Among
“ other articles which our lord Edward, fome
's time king of England, our father, the year
" of his reign XII. by his letters patents hath
granted and confirmed to the citizens of the
« faid city of London, for the amendment and
common profit of them that dwell in the ſame
city, and of them that repair thereto. In the
" ſame letters it is contained, that the aldermen
cs of the forefaid city, that every year they be
“ removed on the day of St. Gregory, by the
66 commonalty of the ſaid city, and that they ſo
- removed be not choſen again the next year
enſuing; but, inſtead of them that have been
“ removed, others be choſen by the ſame wards
66 from which ſuch aldermen were removed, as
in the ſame letters plainly it is contained;
concerning which, on the part of the com-
" monalty of the foreſaid city, by their petition
" before us in our grear council, now again
“ aſked, to us meekly it is beſought, that ſince
“ divers opinions and divers ſtrifes have been
ſprung between the aldermen and the com-
monalty of the ſaid city, upon the removing of
co aldermen, for the wrong interpretation of
66 words in the foreſaid articles contained, that
os is to ſay, that the foreſaid aldermen affirm,
66 that by the two words, viz. fint amobiles per
e communitatem, &c. i. e. let them be removed
by the commonalty, they ought not to be
removed from the office of aldermanſhip,
56 without fufficient reaſon, or for ſome notorious
66 offence to be found in them. But others of
56 the ſaid citizens being of a contrary opinion,
“s and willing to aboliſh this article, they have
so beſought us to explain the ſaid article, ſo as to
“ remove all doubt about the premiſes : We be-
ing willing, as much as lieth in us, to contri-
“ bute to the peace and tranquillity of the ſaid
« mayor, aldermen, and commonalty, and their
“ fucceffors, henceforward, concerning the in-
66 terpretation of the ſaid article, do, by and
56 with the advice of our faid council, declare,
" that all and every alderman of the ſaid city,
every year, for ever, on the feaſt of St. Gre-
gory the pope, from the office of an alderman
" utterly and preciſely ſhall ceaſe, and ſhall nor
“ be choſen again; but that, inſtead of thoſe
“ removed, other aldermen ſhall be choſen every
year, for ever, out of the diſcreet citizens of
good fame, by the ſaid wards from which
" the ſaid aldermen were removed. In witneſs
66 whereof we have cauſed theſe our letters to be
" made patents. Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter,
" the twelfth day of November, the fiftieth year
« of our reign in England, and the thirty-ſixth
s over France.”
The
In the year 1375, the deſtructive practice of
ufury was arrived at ſuch an enormous height, as
tended greatly to the injury of trade in general,
and the oppreſſion of many perſons in particular;
whereupon John Not, the mayor of London,
took ſuch meaſures to enforce the laws againſt
extortioners, as foon ſtopped the growing evil;
which proceeding was highly approved by his
majeſty and the parliament; and the whole na-
tion was enjoined to follow the example of the
mayor of London.
o. This year, the king, who was very old, be-
came enamoured of Alice Pierce or Perrers, his
atachment to whom led him to the commiffion of
many things highly unbecoming his dignity ; and
this lady gained fo much the aſcendant, that ſhe
prevailed on him to convert to her uſe ſeveral
large fums of money raiſed for the ſervice of the
ftate, at which the nation in general was highly
diſpleaſed. The king, however, making it his
whole ſtudy to pleaſe his miſtreſs, among many
other expenſive diverſions, ordered a tourna-
ment to be held in Smithfield, at which lady
Alice appeared moſt elegantly dreſſed, in a tri-
umphal chariot; ſhe was on this occaſion dignified
with the title of the LADY OF THe Sun, and at-
tended by a great number of ladies, each of
65
(6

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
r
79
66
66 , ,
The other charter was in anſwer to the citizens 6 We, for the ſpecial affection we bear to the
petition againſt private licence being granted to " ſaid citizens, willing to provide for the tran-
foreigners, and is recited as follows:
quillity and profit of the ſaid citizens in that
« behalf, with the aſſents of our prelates, nobles,
« Edward, king of England and France, and &c. have granted for us and our heirs, to the
66 lord of Ireland, to all to whom theſe letters " ſaid mayor and aldermen, and citizens of the
(6 ſhall come, greeting:
" ſaid city, and their ſucceſſors upon condition
" Know ye, that whereas, amongſt other li " that they put the ſaid city under good govern-
« berties granted to the citizens of our city of ment, to our honour, and the profit of our
" London, by the charters of our progenitors, 66 realm of England, and right govern the ſame,
“ ſometime kings of England, which we have 6 that no ſtrangers ſhall from henceforth fell any
« confirmed, and by ours, it hath been granted cc wares in the ſame city, or ſuburbs thereof, bý
into them, that all merchant ſtrangers coming 66 retail, nor ſhall keep any houſe, nor be any bro-
" into England, ſhall remain at board with the " ker in the ſaid city or ſuburbs thereof; any
“ free hoſts of the city aforeſaid, and of other
s ſtatute or ordinance made to the contrary
" cities and towns in England, without keeping “ notwithſtanding. Saving always to the mer-
" any houſes or ſocieties by themſelves; and that “ chants of High Almaine their liberties by us
" there ſhould be no brokers of any merchan “ and our progenitors to them granted and
" dizes from henceforth, unleſs they were choſen
66 confirmed.
" thereunto by the merchants in the myſteries in 66 In witneſs whereof we have cauſed theſe our
co which the ſaid brokers exerciſe their offices, “letters to be made patents. Witneſs myſelf at
" and thereupon at the leaſt do take their oaths 66 Weſtminſter the fourth day of December, in
66 before the mayor of the ſaid city : and alſo, " the fiftieth year of our reign over England,
<< that the merchants who are not of the free 66 and of our kingdom of France the thirty-
“dom of the ſaid city, ſhould not ſell by retail
(6 fixth."
66 any wines or other wares within the ſaid city,
or the fuburbs thereof. And now our well Upon theſe charters being granted, proſecua
tions were immediately commenced againſt divers
“ other citizens of the ſaid city, have humbly perſons for having obtained unconſtitucional grants
"s beſeeched us and our council in the laſt par from the king ; among theſe were John Peach,
" liament by their petition exhibited in theſe wine-merchant, and Richard Lyons, merchant,
66 words:
both of London.
66 To our lord the king and his good coun The former was charged with having obtained
« cil, your liege ſubjects the mayor, alder a licence for the ſole privilege of ſelling ſweet
" men, and commonalty of the city of London, wine in London, by which he had acquired pro-
“ fhew, that whereas they have often ſued in digious fums of money; and being convicted,
“ divers parliaments to have conſideration how he was committed to priſon till he made ample ſa-
" that they are impoveriſhed and undone, by tisfaction to the injured parties.
" reaſon their liberties by him and his proge-
The latter was accuſed of frauds, extortions,
“ nitors to them granted are reſtrained, and great and other illegal acts, in obtaining licences, tak-
part taken away ; and now at the laſt parlia- || ing bribes, tampering with the council, &c. and
" ment held at Weſtminſter, it was anfwered to
being likewiſe found guilty of the crimes laid to
" them, that they ſhould declare their griefs his charge, his eſtates real and perſonal were con-
ſpecially, and they ſhould have good remedy fiſcated, and himſelf committed to priſon, till he
" therefore : of which griefs (amongſt divers ſhould make the ſufferers amends.
others) theſe be ; that every ſtranger might In conſequence of the ſucceſs of theſe proſe-
« dwell in the ſaid city, and keep a houſe, and cutions, the citizens were reſtored to their an-
,
66
os another in-
of the city.
In the
, =
6C cauſe to make them reinain there more than titioned the king that the charter which he had
forty days; whereas, in time paſt, no mer lately granted the citizens might be confirmed by
« chant ſtranger might uſe any of theſe points, act of parliament ; but Edward not being wil-
« contrary to the franchiſes of the ſaid city, | ling to comply with their requeſt, returned for
s before theſe times had and ufed : by which anſwer, that “ he would be further informed."
sc grievance the merchants of the ſaid city are At the ſame time the houſe of commons like-
greatly impoveriſhed, and the navy impaired, wiſe humbly petitioned that, as divers miſchiefs
« and the privities of the land by the ſaid happened in the city, occaſioned by the mayor
ſtrangers diſcovered to enemies by not being allowed to puniſh the coroner for neg-
« ſpies and other ſtrangers into theſe houſes re. lect of duty, his majeſty would be pleaſed to
66 ceived.
grant them the privilege of chuſing from among
“ May it therefore pleaſe your majeſty and themſelves a perſon to act in the above-mentioned
" council to ordain in this parliament, that the capacity ; and that they might remove him wheni
merchant ſtrangers may be reſtrained in the they ſhould think proper : however, though the
“ points aforeſaid, and the mayor, aldermen, citizens aſked no more than what was allowed to
5 and commons in the ſaid city, may enjoy the many towns and cities in England, the king re-
( ſaid franchiſes.
jected their petition.
Shortly
our

8o
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Shortly after this the mayor, aldermen, and ſwered the perſons of the duke and the marſhal,
citizens addreſſed the king, requeſting him to who had unjuſtly detained in priſon Sir Peter de
confirm their liberties with reſpect to puniſhing Mere: the prieſt replied, Sir Peter was a trai-
all miſdemeanours in Southwark, and that the tor,---which ſo incenſed the mob, that, inſiſting
marſhal ſhould not be allowed to intermeddle on the prieſt being the marſhal in diſguiſe, they
with that part of Southwark which is guildable ; || dragged him forth, and knocked him on the
but this petition met with as little ſucceſs as the head.
two preceding; for the king told them, that During this tumult, the biſhop of London ar-
were he to grant their petition, he ſhould do great rived at the Savoy, where in a moſt pathetic
wrong to divers of his other ſubjects.
ſpeech, he exhorted them to forbearance, urging
The king's behaviour to the citizens did not that it was the holy time of Lent, and promiſing
leſſen their regard to the royal family; for, in that their grievances ſhould be redreſſed; which
the ſame year, they entertained the princeſs of ſo gained upon the minds of the populace, that
Wales, her ſon prince Richard, and their attend they defifted, otherwiſe in all probability they
ants at Kennington, with a grand maſquerade on would have razed the duke's palace to the
horſeback: The proceſſion, which ſet out from ground.
Newgate, marched through the city, over Lon The citizens, very ſhortly after received a meſ-
don-bridge, and through the Borough of South ſage from the princeſs dowager of Wales, perſuad-
wark, to Kennington, in the following manner : ing them to beg pardon of the duke for the out-
1. Flambeaux
rages they had committed ; which they, out of
2. A grand band of muſic.
reſpect to her, conſented to, at the ſame time
3. One hundred and thirty citizens, on horſe begging ſhe would uſe her influence to have
back, in diviſions; the firſt of which conſiſted Sir Peter de la Mere brought to a fair and legal
of forty eight perſons dreſſed in the habits of trial
eſquires, with red coats, ſay gowns, and well The mayor and aldermen being apprehenſive
fancied vizors; the next diviſion conſiſted of the of the king's diſpleaſure, reſolved, if poffible,
fame number, apparelled like knights, theſe were to award it, and accordingly, a number of the
followed by a perſon in a moſt elegant habit, and principal citizens waited on his majeſty, and were,
the third diviſion was headed by one reſembling contrary to the inclination of the duke, admitted
a pope, who was attended by twenty-four others to an audience, when they declared themſelves
habited like cardinals, after whom came ten men innocent of the late inſurrection, proteſting that
dreſſed like legates, in frightful black vizors, they had done every thing in their power to ſup-
who cloſed the cavalcade.
preſs the ſame, though they had unfortunately
The princeſs and her ſon were highly pleaſed been unſucceſsful in their endeavours.
with this mark of the citizens eſteem, and after They further told the king, that his faithful
ſupper, they had the honour of dancing with the citizens were in general under great anxiety of
prince and the nobility, after which they returned mind, having heard that by act of parliament
in the ſame manner to the city.
they were to be deprived of what were dearer to
Shortly after, the lord marſhal, (who had his them than their lives--their liberties!
priſon in London) contrary to the right, and pri The king told them not to be uneaſy on that
vileges of the city, committed a citizen. In con head, for that ſo far from infringing their liber-
ſequence of which the mayor and common-coun ties he moſt earneſtly deſired on all occaſions to
cil aſſembled to conſult on the meaſures to be ta enlarge them.
ken againſt him ; but the commonalty, impatient The citizens, highly pleaſed with the behaviour
of redreſs, went in great numbers to the Mar of their monarch, returned to the city ; where
fhalſea, * which they broke open, and carried off || they were received by their brethren with every
the priſoner ; they then went in ſearch of the demonſtration of joy, who moſt heartily congra-
lord marſhal, and not being able to find him, tulated them on their good ſucceſs.
they wreaked their vengeance on his houſe, which Though the mayor had very wiſely taken every
they pulled almoſt down.
precaution to preſerve the public peace, he could
Being diſappointed at not meeting with the
not prevent a few ſeditious perſons ſticking up
marſhal, and recollecting that the duke of Lan papers in different parts of the city, tending to
caſter had endeavoured to retrench the liberties of infiame the minds of the populace againſt the
the city, they ſet forward for his palace in the duke of Lancaſter; it therefore was judged ne-
ſavoy, with an intent to revenge themſelves. ceſſary to prononnce ſentence of excommunica-
The duke was at that time at dinner at the tion upon ſuch perſons as ſhould, in future, pre-
houſe of John de Ipres, in the city, to which ſume to write or diſperſe any paper derogatory to
place a knight of the duke's, who had heard the duke's character; and this was accordingly
of the deſign of the rioters, went to apprize done by the biſhop of Bangor, aſſiſted by the
him of the danger; the duke inſtantly aroſe from
mayor and aldermen.
table, haſtened to the Thames, and took boat Affairs remained in this ſituation till the diflo-
for Kennington palace, the reſidence of the prin lution of the parliament, when the reſentment of
ceſs dowager and her ſon.
the duke of Lancaſter againſt the citizens began
When the populace had got to the Savoy, they to be more apparent than ever; for the mayor
were aſked by a prieſt what they wanted; they an and aldermen being ſummoned to attend the king
* Our hiſtorians ſay that the lord Marſhal's priſon was
in London ; but it appears from this circumſtance that they
included Southwark under this denomination,

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London,
UMUTITIUUM
UUSITUIMICILI
ilmin
חומון
::
Wale del
Gmegmon foelp
CEREMONY of the CHAMPION'S CHALLENGE
at the Coronation).
7

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
87
at Shene, near Richmond, they were feverely re the moſt eminent of their body to wait on princê
primanded, and urged to aſk pardón of the duke: Richard, who was then with his mother at the
but inſtead of ſo doing, they aſſerted their inno-palace of Kennington ; when John Philpot, in
cence, and promiſed to uſe their utmoſt endea the name of his fellow-citizens, acquainting the
vours to apprehend the offenders, and compel | prince with the advices they had received of the
them to make a retaliation proportioned to their | king's extreme danger, befought his favour to the
crimes.
inhabitants of London, aſſured him of their rea-
This, however, was thought inſufficient; where- || dineſs to devote their lives and fortunes to his
upon the mayor and ſeveral of the aldermen were ſervice, and requeſted that he would come and
diſcharged from their offices, and others, more reſide among them.
attached to the duke of Lancaſter, were appointed On the twenty-ſecond of June, 1377, died
in their ſtead, by virtue of a writ which the king Edward the third, one of the moſt accompliſhed
ifſued on the occaſion.
princes that ever ſwayed the ſcepter of this king-
The citizens being informed that the king lay dom, whether we conſider him as a warrior, a
at the point of death, they deputed ſeveral of || monarch, or a man.*
CHAPTER XVII
The acceſion of Richard II. to the throne. Firſt mention of a champion at a coronation. Office
of chief butler claimed by the citizens. King Richard's charter of confirmation. The dif-
ferences between the city and the duke of Lancaſter adjuſted. The young king's grand entry
into London. Sir John Philpot's expedition againſt the Scotch privateers. Account of
Wat Tyler's inſurrection, with the ſuppreſſion of the inſurgents, in conſequence of the death
of their leader.
I
MMEDIATELY on the death of king A petition from the city, for a confirmation of
Edward the third, the citizens of London their charters, being depending at the death of
proclaimed Richard, ſon of Edward the black Edward III. they immediately renewed it to their
prince, king of England, and having notified the young ſovereign ; and in this application they
fame to the young king, they follicited his ma were ſeconded by the houſe of commons, who
jeſty to exert his influence to adjuſt the differences preſented an addreſs to his majeſty, humbly re-
which had ſubſiſted between the duke of Lan queſting that the citizens of London might enjoy
caſter and the citizens.
all their ancient rights, privileges, and immuni-
At this time the young monarch reſided at ties, as they had been granted and confirmed by
Kingſton upon Thames, where, having received his majeſty's royal predeceſſors.
the compliments and congratulations of the citi To this reaſonable requeſt the king yielded a
zens, on his acceſſion to che throne, he was con ready compliance, as will appear by the following
ducted to Weſtminſter-hall, where he was crown charter of confirmation :
ed with the uſual magnificence, on the fifteenth
day of July, 1377
" Whereas the faid citizens, by their petition
It is at this coronation that our hiſtorians make “ exhibited to us in parliament, did ſet forth,
the firſt mention of a champion, who appeared " that although they, for a long time paſt, have
in a compleat ſuit of armour, entered Weſtmin “ uſed and enjoyed certain free cuſtoms, until of
ſter-hall, where the king dined, and throwing his “ late years they have been unjuſtly moleſted ;
gauntlet on the ground, challenged any perſon " which cuſtoms are as followeth, viz. That no
who ſhould preſume to diſpute the king's title to foreigner do ſell or buy of another foreigner
the crown of theſe realms.
any merchandizes within the liberties of the
It is impoſſible to trace the origin of this cuſ "s faid city, upon pain of forfeiting the fame.
tom; but there remains no doubt of its being 6 Nevertheleſs, being deſirous, for the future, to
of a more ancient date than the coronation " take away all controverſies about the ſame,
of Richard II. fince Sir John Dimmock, who “ We do by theſe preſents, with the affent afore.
performed the office at that period, was admitted " ſaid, will and grant, and by theſe preſents,
thereto, by virtue of a right annexed to the manor " for us and our heirs, do confirm unto the faid
of Scrivelby in Lincolnſhire.
6 citizens, and their ſucceſſors, that, for the
At this coronation the citizens claimed their “ future, no foreigner ſell to another foreigner
right to the office of, chief butler, which being any merchandizes within the liberties of the
admitted, was diſcharged in the perſon of the « ſaid city; nor that any foreigner do buy of
Lord-mayor.
“ another foreigner any merchandize, upon pain
Edward III.
See CLARENDON’s Hiſtory of England, vol. 1. page
352 and 353, for an account of the death and character of
7
X
of

82
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
« of forfeiting the ſame ; the privileges of our diviſions of the young nobility, (nearly of his
« fubjects of Aquitaine in all things excepted, own age) each diviſion being preceded by trum-
" ſo that ſuch buying and ſelling be inade be. fets founding.
twixt merchant and merchant."
When they arrived at London, his majeſty was
received by the mayor, aldermen, and citizens,
Soon after the grant of this charter, the king and conducted to Cheapſide, where was erected
fent a meſſage by lord Latimer, Sir Richard Ad. a grand conduit in the form of a caſtle, which
derſbury, Sir Nicholas Bond, and Sir Simon Bur ran with wine during the proceſſion.
ley, to acquaint the citizens that his majeſty en Four beautiful girls, about the age of the king,
tertained the ſincereſt regard for the city of Lon ſupplied their fovereign with a part of this wine
don ; alſo with his determination to take up his in golden cups, and alſo threw gilt flowers on
reſidence therein, and of the progreſs he had his head, and ſcattered Aorins, reſembling gold,
made towards accommodating the differences among the populace.
which had fubfifted between the Londoners and The duke of Lancaſter particularly diſtinguiſh-
the duke of Lancaſter.
ed himſelf by his polite and affable behaviour,
The abovementioned gentlemen likewiſe ac which gained him the love of the citizens in a
quainted the citizens, that the duke of Lancaſter high degree ;-while the nobility in general ac-
had entirely, on his part, ſubmitted the affair to commodated their behaviour to the pleaſing oc-
the king's determination, and it was his majeſty's caſion in ſo polite and proper a manner, that the
requeſt that they would do the ſame; in which day was ſpent in all that delightful order, and
caſe the king would exert his utmoſt influence to elegant decorum, which is the natural conſequence
adjuſt the affair to the mutual ſatisfaction of both of the whole of a large company, reſolving to
parties.
be pleaſed with themſelves, and with each other.
The citizens, however, did not receive this The year 1378 is diſtinguiſhed by the remark-
meſſage with all the complaiſance that might have able expedition of Sir John Philpot, a worthy
been expected; for conſidering that the king was citizen of London, againſt one Mercer, a Scotch
not arrived at years of diſcretion, and being very privateer.
doubtful of the fincerity of his majeſty's adviſers, Mercer, having obſerved the declining condi-
as well as dreading the power and influence of tion of the Engliſh navy, fitted out ſeveral pri-
the duke, they heſitated in complying with the vateers in Scotland, to cruize againſt the Engliſh
king's requeſt.
merchant ſhips, which he did for ſome time with
At length, after confiderable debates, it was ſuch conſiderable ſucceſs, that he at length ven-
reſolved, that if lord Latimer, and the other tured to enter the port of Scarborough, and
three gentlemen, would promiſe upon oath, that
ſeized all the veſſels in that harbour.
the ſubmiſſion of the Londoners to his majeſty's The conſtant depredations made by this pirate,
requeſt, ſhould not be of the leaſt prejudice to occaſioned many applications to the people in
the city, they would chearfully accede to the power for redreſs, but theſe proving ineffectual,
royal requiſition.
Sir John Philpot at length determined to do juſ-
The deputies having readily taken this oath, tice to his fellow ſubjects ; for which purpoſe he
ſeveral of the chief citizens accompanied them
fitted out a fleet, at his own expence, which he
to Shene, where the king, with his royal mother, manned with a thouſand able hands, and went on
and the duke of Lancaſter, attended by many board himſelf, as commander in chief, with a
of the nobility, waited their arrival.
reſolution to chaſtiſe Mercer, or periſh in the at-
They were admitted to an immediate audience tempt.
of the king, who received them in the moſt gra It was not long before Sir John fell in with the
cious manner, and the whole affair being debated || pirate, whom he found greatly embarraſſed with
in council, ſo perfect a reconciliation was effected, the number of ſhips he had taken, anong which
that the duke embraced the citizens reſpectively, were fifteen Spaniſh veſſels with very valuable
in the preſence of the king, and all animofities cargoes.
immediately ſubſided.
Mercer was determined not to give up his ac-
The citizens, highly delighted with the ſucceſsquiſitions, and Sir John was equally determined
of their journey, returned to London ; where, to compel his ſubmiſſion; on which a deſperate
on the day following, public proclamation was engagement enſued, wherein Mercer was defeat-
made at the uſual places, that the duke of Lan ed, and moſt of his ſhips taken by the victorious
caſter and the citizens were mutually reconciled to Londoner, who then returned home, and when
each other.
he ſailed up the Thames in triumph, he was wel-
Soon after this happy compromiſe, preparations || comed by the applauding ſhouts of his fellow-
were made for the king's grand entry into Lon-
citizens.
don, which was performed in the following man Notwithſtanding this ſpirited conduct of Sir
John, which one would imagine ſhould have
The young monarch being mounted on a fine gained him the thanks of the whole kingdom, he
horſe, was attended by the duke of Lancaſter, was, at the inſtigation of a ſet of weak, indolent,
lord high ſteward of the kingdom, lord Piercy, and wicked miniſters, ſummoned before the king
earl marſhal, and many of the nobility.
and council, to anſwer for his conduct, in preſum-
This pompous cavalcade ſet out from Shene, || ing to undertake an affair of ſuch high impor-
the king's horſe being led by Sir Nicholas Bond, tance, without an authority ſuperior to his own.
and the ſword of ſtate carried by Sir Simon Bur Sir John attended in obedience to the ſum-
ley ; while his majeſty was followed by ſeveral mons, when he gave ſuch weighty reaſons in de-
ner.
fence

HISTORY and SURV Er of LONDON.
83
any other
fence of the part he had acted, and behaved in ſo viſed them to go to the king, and demand their
modeſt and unaſſuming a manner, that he was liberties, which if they could not obtain by gen-
honourably acquitted.
tle meaſures, to uſe force for the recovery of
In this ſame year 1378, the parliament granted them.
a ſubſidy, by which perſons of all ranks were af The people were highly animated by this dif-
ſeſſed according to their reſpective ſtations in life; courſe, and making an unanimous choice of Wat
for hereby all tradeſmen with their wives and Tyler for their leader, they, by his direction,
children, (being above fourteen years of age) took an oath “ to be true to king Richard and
were taxed at four-pence per head; the aldermen as the commons of England ; never to receive a
of London were raced, equal with the barons at “ king whoſe name was John; * to perſuade their
forty ſhillings each; and the Lord-mayor, as an “ neighbours to join in the common cauſe, and
earl, at four pounds; from which circumſtance never to ſubmit to the payment of
our hiſtorians are of opinion that the title of tax than a fifteenth.”
Right Honourable was then beſtowed on the The flame of rebellion having ſpread with
mayor of London:
the utmoſt rapidity through the counties of Sufs
This tax, however, was the occaſion of one of ſex, Effex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertford, Wat
the moſt extraordinary inſurrections that ever Tyler's army encreaſed every hour; and march-
happened in this country, of the particulars of ing from Maidſtone he encamped at Blackheath,
which our readers will be glad to be informed. where he foon found himſelf at the head of an
The king having farmed this tax to ſome hundred thouſand men.
of his nobility, they employed a ſet of ra The profeſſed view of the inſurgents was to a-
pacious collectors, who extorted the money with boliſh all bad laws and cuſtoms; and they partia
ſuch rigour as inflamed the minds of the people cularly declared againſt the intolerable exactions
in a very high degree.
and corruptions of the lawyers ; carrying their re-
The inhabitants of the county of Effex were ſentment fo far as to murder every one of that
particularly alarmed, by a report which was in profeſſion, and even every nobleman who hap-
duftriouſly propagated, that the country people pened to fall in their way.
were doomed to deſtruction, that their farms While they were thus encamped on Black heath,
would be plundered and their houſes burned to they ſent a deputation to the king, who had taken
the ground.
refuge in the Tower, deſiring that his majeſty
While this report was generally believed, ſome would come and hear their propoſals.
of the collectors of the poll-tax going to the There were great debates in council reſpecting
houſe of Wat Hilliard, a tyler, of Dartford in the propriety of his majeſty's complying with
Kent, demanded payment of the tax for his this requeſt, and ſome of the counſellors were
daughter ; which he refuſed to pay, alledging of opinion that the king's preſence would be the
that ſhe had not arrived at the age ſpecified in the only means of appealing the rioters ; but this
ſtatute.
was ftrenuouſly oppoſed by Simon Sudbury, arch=
The brutal officer, however, inſiſted that the biſhop of Canterbury, and lord chancellor, and
was arrived at years of puberty, and in order to Sir Robert Hales, prior of St. John of Jeruſalem,
prove the truth of his aſſertion, he proceeded to and lord high treaſurer, who urged that his
ſhocking acts of indecency, which irritated the majeſty could not attend with ſafety to his
father to ſuch a degree, that he knocked out the perſon.
collector's brains.
The advice of theſe counſellors being followed,
Every one who was preſent applauded the re the rioters were ſo enraged, that they vowed to
ſolute behaviour of the tyler; and the populace | deſtroy them; and leaving Blackheath, they
betaking themſelves to their arms, and great haftened toward London ; and arriving in South-
numbers flocking in from the adjacent towns and wark on the tenth of June 1380, they broke
villages, Wat ſoon found himſelf at the head of open the priſons of the King's-Bench and Mars
a numerous army, who determined to attempt to fhalfea, and ſet all the priſoners at liberty.
extricate themſelves from the heavy load of taxes 1. The greater part of the releaſed priſoners im-
under which they had long groaned.
mediately joined the inſurgents, a part of whom
The inſurgents taking the road to Maidſtone, marching to Lambeth, burnt the palace of the
releaſed from the goal of that town one Ball, an archbiſhop, with all its furniture, and the books,
excommunicated prieſt, who had been long con regiſters and writings belonging to the court of
fined for ſeditious practices; and who was no chancery.
ſooner at liberty than he commenced chaplain to Thoſe who remained in Southwark, having, by
his deliverers, and to encourage them in their the aſſiſtance of the priſoners, diſcovered the
proceedings he preached a ſermon to them, taking || dwellings of the lawyers, jurors, and queſtmon-
this proverb for his text.
gers, they immediately pulled them down to the
ground; as they likewiſe did the common ſtews,
• When Adam delvid, and Eve ſpan, or bawdy-houſes along the bank-ſide, which were
" Who was then a gentleman ?
kept by Flemiſh bawds who rented them of the
city.
From theſe words he laboured to prove, that The mayor of London dreading the conſequence
all mankind, as the deſcendants of one common of the rioters advancing into the metropolis, or-
parent, were upon an equality: he therefore ad dered the bridge gate to be fhut and fortified ;
* This was a reflection on John, duke of Lancaſter, to
whom they had an invincible hatred,
but

84
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
but on the following day it was thought more enced-archers, who had been placed there to de
prudent to admit them into the city, to prevent fend the perſon of the king.
the total deſtruction of the Borough of South The inſurgents having thus obtained entrancé
wark.
into the Tower, (while the king was gone to the
As ſoon as they entered London, the ſhambles party at Mile-end) they entered the royal apart-
and wine cellars were ſer open for their accommo ments, abuſed every perſon at their pleaſure,
dation ; and being ſoon joined by great numbers kiſſed the queen-mother, and having ſeized the
of the inferior citizens, they repaired to the duke archbiſhop of Canterbury and Sir Robert Hales,
of Lancaſter's palace of the Savoy, which was they dragged them out of the Tower and behead-
at that time the grandeſt pile of buildings in this ed them.
kingdom; and having deſtroyed all the rich fur Many arguments were uſed by the archbiſhop,
niture, plate, and jewels, they reduced the palace to prevail on them not to embrue their hands in the
to a heap of aſhes and ruins.
blood of innocent men; but finding it in vain to
While this building was on fire, thirty-two of remonftrate, he chearfully ſubmitted his neck to
the rioters were caroufing in the duke's cellar, the axe; but no leſs than eight ſtrokes were given
where becoming intoxicated with liquor, they ſeem before his head was fevered from his body ; after
ed to have forgot or deſpiſed the danger they were which the latter remained ſome hours before it
in; for they ſtaid till the rafters were conſumed, was buried, and the former was carried to Lora
and the houſe fell down, whereby the paffage was
don-bridge, where it was fixed upon a pole.
ſtopped up, ſo that they could not return: and in During theſe tranſactions, Wat Tyler and his
this place they periſhed, after crying out for help followers committed the moſt dreadful outrages
for ſeven days ſucceſſively, during which no per-
and cruelties in the cities of London and Weſt-
fon attempted to relieve them.
minſter, murdering many eminent citizens, and
From the Savoy the rioters proceeded to the in particular, wreaking their vengeance on the
Temple, which they burnt down, together with
Flemiſh merchants.
all the books, papers and records: after which They likewiſe broke open the priſons of New-
the other inns of court ſhared the ſame fate. gate and the Fleet, releaſed all that were con-
They now divided themſelves into three bodies, | fined, ſet fire to the city in ſeveral places, and
one of which repairing to Clerkenwell, burnt the made public proclamation for the beheading all
rich priory of St. John of Jeruſalem ; from lawyers, and perſons belonging to the exchequer.
whence they haftened to the ſeat of Sir Robert The king having returned from Mile-end to
Hales, at Highbury, near Inington, which they the Tower, found his mother and ſome of his
likewiſe burnt and deſtroyed.
faithful counſellors had retired to the wardrobe
The ſecond divifion having encamped at Mile- || for ſafety; where his majeſty having informed
end, ſent a meſſage to the king, demanding a them of the ſucceſs of his negotiation at Mile-
parley; and Richard, with the advice of his end, it was reſolved to propoſe the fame terms to
council, went to them, and aſked their demands;
the reſt of the inſurgents.
which were as follows:
In conſequence of this determination no leſs
than three different plans of accommodation were
1. That thenceforward all his majeſty's ſubjects || fent to, and rejected by Wat Tyler; and from
ſhould be free from ſervitude or bondage.
what follows it will appear that he had no inten-
2. That there ſhould be a general pardon, tion of complying with any terms of pacifica-
of all manner of actions for debt, inſurrec tion.
tions, treaſons, felonies, tranfgreſſions, and ex Hereupon Sir John Newton was ſent to invite
tortions.
Tyler to a conference with the king in Smithfield,
3. That all perfons, from that day forward, in order that ſuch articles as he demanded might
ſhould have full liberty to buy and ſell in every
be inſerted in the charter to be granted by his
county, city, borough, fair, market, and other || majeſty: one of which conditions was “ that he
place, within the realm of England.
(Tyler) ſhould have a commiſſion to behead
That no acre of land held in bondage or “ all lawyers, eſcheators, and others, whoſoever
ſervice, ſhould hold it for more than four-pence ; 66 were learned in the law, or had any communi-
and if it had been held for leſs in former times, it “ cation therewith;” that all the nation might
ſhould not be enhanced in future.
receive their laws from his mouth only, as he had
been heard to boaſt ſome days before.
The king having heard theſe, and ſeveral other After ſome debate, Tyler conſented to follow
demands, complied with them all, on condition Sir John to the appointed place, and proceeded
of their immediate return to their own habita- | filowly at the head of his army; but as ſoon as he
tions, leaving a few of each pariſh, to receive came within ſight of the king, he directed his
the charters of freedom, which were drawn up confederates to keep at a diſtance, till he ſhould
with all expedition, and ſealed the next morn give them a ſignal, whereupon they were to mur-
ing
der all the company, except the king himfelf, who
This body, having carried their point, imme was to be ſeized and impriſoned.
diately diſperſed, and returned to their reſpective This being agreed on, Tyler ſet fpur to his
habitations, but in the mean time the third divi horſe, galloped forward, and did not ſtop till he
fion of the rioters, which were encamped on came cloſe to the king, whom he addreſſed in the
Tower-hill, found means to enter the Tower, following terms : “Sir king, ſeeſt thou all yon-
notwithſtanding it was garriſoned by fix hundred “ der people ?"_" Yea truly,” replied the king,
men at arms, and the ſame number of experi " wherefore fayeft thou ſo ?"-" Becauſe,” faid
he

Eugened for Chamberlain
, History of Domodom
FOTITIE
BOON
CARE
S Male delin,
C. Crimim sculture
Tulcea
RICHÁRD II Appeases the REBELS
on the
- 2 Bath F: WapSyler - S milkputz
ON
held

11 IS TORÝ and SURVEY of LOND O N.
83
1
he; " they be all at my command, and have of their leader, and the magnanimity of their
“ ſworn to me their faith and truth, to do all || fovereign, that; without heſitation, they marched
66 that I would have them.” " In good time,” under his conduct into St. George's Fields; and
replied the king; “I believe it well.” before they could recollect themſelves, Sir Robert
" Then,” ſaid Tyler, 66 believeſt thou, king, Knowles appeared at the head of a thouſand citi-
" that theſe people, and as many more as be in zens, who had been collected together, and com-
“ London at my command, will depart from thee pletely armed, by the vigilance of Walworth,
" thus, without having thy letters ?”-“No,"
“No," || immediately after the death of Wat Tyler.
ſaid the king, " they be ordained for you, and The nobility and gentry reſiding in the remo-
" ſhall be delivered to every one of them.” ter counties of England, had no ſooner heard of
At the time the king made this reply, Tyler this terrible inſurrection, than they armed their
obſerving Sir John Newton, who carried his ma friends and vallals, and haſtened to London, ſo
jeſty's ſword, on horſeback, told him it would that the king foon found himſelf at the head of
become him better to be on foot in his preſence : an army of forty thouſand men.
to which Sir John replying, that he thought there The inſurgents, awed by the light of the troops,
was no impropriety in his preſent ſituation, Tyler and allured by the promiſe of a general pardon,
was ſo incenſed, that he called him traitor, and as well as of charters fimilar to thoſe already
drew his dagger, with an intention to ſtab him. granted to their companions, inſtantly laid down
Newton likewiſe drew his dagger, and gave their arms, and ſubmitted to the mercy of their
Tyler the lie; on which the latter demanded the ſovereign
ſword which was carried by Sir John ; but he re Thus ended an inſurrection, which threatened
plied, “No, it is the king's ſword, of which greater danger to this kingdom than any before
" thou art not worthy: neither durit thou alk or ſince; if we may judge from the confeſſion of
it of me if we had been by ourſelves.”
a perſon called Jack Straw, who was next in com-
This reply ſo enraged Tyler, that he ſwore he mand to Wat Tyler; and who, after the death
would not eat till he had deſtroyed Sir John; of his leader, endeavoured to conceal himſelf in
and was abſolutely preparing to attack him, when London ; but being taken in an eating houſe, a
the king commanded the knight to diſmount, to few days after the inſurrection was fupprefſed,
prevent any fatal conſequences:
.
was tried before the Lord-mayor, and received
During Tyler's conference with the king, he fentence of death.
demanded, excluſive of all that had been granted The following is the ſubſtance of the confeſſion
to the inſurgents at Mile-end, that all the ancient made by Jack Straw, a ſhort time before he was
laws of the kingdom ſhould be aboliſhed, and executed: “ That when they aſſembled at Black-
that all foreſts, parks and warrens ſhould be free heath, and ſent to the king to come to them,
to the poor as well as the rich.
they had reſolved to have killed all his attend-
Tyler, at length, behaved with ſo much info ants, and carried him along with them where-
lence, that the king's attendants told his majeſty, “ foever they went, that the populace might
that the conduct of the traitor was not leſs dan "s with the greater aſſurance join them ; and
gerous than intolerable: they therefore adviſed << when, by the help of the king's preſence, fuf-
that he might be arreſted on the ſpot, which the “ ficient numbers had got together in the ſeveral
king complied with, though he dreaded the con 66 counties of England, they were to have mura
fequence.
- dered all thoſe from whom they could expect
As the ſpot on which they were was within the “- reſiſtance, the nobility and gentry, and at laſt
juriſdiction of London, the king commanded " the king, with all the clergy, both regular and
William Walworth, the mayor, to arreſt Tyler ; " and ſecular, except only the friars mendicants,
which the gallant magiſtrate was willing enough “ whom they thought were ſufficient for the ce-
to do; for boldly riding up to him, he ſtruck 6 lebration of divine ſervice through the king-
him with his ſword fo violent a blow on the head "s dom. Theſe things being performed, they
as brought him to the ground; and Sir John 66 would have made ſuch laws as they judged
Sandwich, with others, haſtening to Walworth’s proper for the government of the people.
aſſiſtance, he was quickly diſpatched.
« Wat Tyler was to have been made king of
Tyler's followers ſeeing him fall, cried out, “ Kent, and the other ringleaders of the rebels
« Our captain is Nain! revenge! revenge!” and were to have been appointed kings over the
bent their bows for that purpoſe: nor can it be “ other counties, each being to be made a diſtinct
thought but that the king and his adherents muſt “ kingdom: and in the evening of that day
inſtantly have fallen a ſacrifice to the power of " whereon Tyler was killed, they were to have
fuperior numbers, had it not been for the admi “ been joined by the London rabble; when they
rable courage and preſence of mind which Richard 66 were to have facked and burnt the city.”
diſplayed on this occaſion.
The peace of the city was no ſooner reſtored,
The young monarch having commanded his than the head of the archbiſhop was taken down
attendants to ſtop, advanced by himſelf towards from London bridge, and thoſe of Tyler and
the enraged multitude, and addreſſing them with Straw, with ſome of their aſſociates, fixed up in
a chearful yet reſolute air; “ What, my friends, the ſame place.
“ (ſaid he) will you kill your king ?-Be not The king, determined to reward the ſervices
« troubled for the loſs of your leader ; I will be which his faithful citizens of London had done,
« your captain ; follow me ; I will grant all your towards ſuppreſſing the late dangerous inſurrec-
6 reaſonable deſires."
tion, granted a fee-farm of one hundred pounds
The inſurgents were fo ftruck with the death per annum to William Walworth the mayor, and
8
Y
forty
66

86
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
forty pounds each on John Philpot, Nicholas | ger in the arms of the city of London was
Brembre, and Robert Laund, aldermen; and granted at this period, in commemoration of
likewiſe conferred the honour of knighthood on Wat Tyler's having received from the ſword or
each of the above-mentioned gentlemen.
dagger of the mayor the blow which was the
It is the opinion of many writers that the dag-l prelude to his death.
CH A P T E R XVIII.
Lewdneſs puniſhed by the mayor of London. Viktuallers rendered incapable of ſerving the office
of mayor. Fiſhmongers company disfranchiſed. Letter of king Richard II. confirming the
privileges of the conſtable of the Tower of London. A petition of the parliament for con-
firming the charters of the city. The Lord-mayor's proclamation of the charter of con-
firmation. Northampton, the late mayor's riot and puniſhment. Choice of common-council-
men by the ſeveral Wards. The ſheriff's of London ſworn before the barons of the exchequer.
The privileges of the conſtable of the Tower confirmed.
it is a valuable piece of antiquity, but becauſe
we ſhall have occaſion to give a particular ac-
count of the ſaid Tower in the next chapter of
this work,
IR William Walworth was ſucceeded as
chief magiſtrate of this city by John Nor-
thampton, who obſerving that the biſhops
and inferior clergy permitted licentious and de-
bauched perſons to go on in their irregular courſe
of life, without reſtraint, he took the reformation
of theſe abuſes into his own hands, and ſeverely
puniſhed all ſuch as were found guilty of whore-
dom, cauſing the common proſtitutes to be car-
ried through the ſtreets with their heads ſhaved,
and with pipes and trumpets founding before
them,
This proceeding of the mayor gave great of-
fence to the clergy, who looking upon it as an
infringement of their authority, enjoined him to
deſiſt; but he, equally regardleſs of their com-
mands or threatnings, proceeded to reform theſe
abuſes to the utinoſt of his power, .
This ſame magiſtrate procured an act of par-
liament, by which it was ordained that “ no vic-
« tualler ſhould exerciſe any judicial office in
" London, or in any other city, borough, ſea-
port, or town in the kingdom, except in ſuch
towns where no other perſon could be found
“ qualified for ſuch an office ;” in which caſe
every ſuch perſon was to "abſtain from the ex-
" erciſe of ſuch trade, during the time of his
" office, upon pain of forfeiting all the victuals
“ he ſhould fell during that time.”
According to the meaning of this act, all
butchers, grocers, and filhmongers, were ren-
dered incapable of ſerving the office of mayor,
as they were deemed victuallers,
By the management of Northampton an act
of parliament was likewiſe procured, by which
the trade of the filhmongers was laid open, ſo
that all foreigners in friendſhip with the king of
England, were permitted to ſell fiſh in London
and elſewhere, either by wholeſale or retail ; by
which the fifhmonger's company became one of
the pooreſt in this city, though it had been one of
the moſt flouriſhing.
In the year 1382, king Richard II. ſent a let-
ter to the mayor and commonalty of London,
confirming the privileges of the Tower of Lon.
don; which we have recited at large, not only as
66
« Richard, by the grace of God, king of Eng.
- land and France, and lord of Ireland, to the
" mayor and ſheriffs of London fendeth greeting.
" Foraſmuch as we have underſtood, that the con-
6s ſtables of our Tower of London, time out of
mind, even to the time now laſt paſt, and in
" particular John Darcy, John de Beaucamp,
" Robert de Morle, Richard de Vache, and Alan
" de Buxhill, hitherto conftables of the ſaid
“ Tower, have had the cuſtoms, pence, and pro-
« fits underwritten, by right belonging to the
6 foreſaid Tower ; and in quiet manner taking
" them by themſelves, or their ſervants ; to wit,
" of every boat loaden with ruſhes, brought to
" the ſaid city, ſuch a quantity of ruſhes, to be
66 laid upon Tower-wharf, as may be contained
“ within a man's arm: of every boat accuſtomed
“ to bring oyſters, muſcles, and cockles, to the
« foreſaid city, one maund, thence to be brought
" and laid upon the ſaid wharf: from every ſhip
• laden with wines, coming from Bourdeaux, or
elſewhere, unto the faid city, one fagon be-
66 fore the maſt, and another behind the maſt:
"s whatſoever fhip, barge, or boat, or other vef-
cs fel, which ſhall go looſe by reaſon of ſtorm or
“ wind, or the ropes and cordage being broken,
“ ſhall Aoat from London-bridge to Graveſend,
" or from thence to the ſaid bridge, to be taken
by the conſtable of the ſaid Tower, or his fer-
“vants, and to be applied to the uſe of the ſaid
“ conſtable : what ſwans foever coming under
6i the ſaid bridge towards the fea, or from the ſea
vs towards the faid bridge : all manner of horſes,
" cows, oxen, hogs, and ſheep, which have fallen
" from the faid bridge into the water of Thames,
es which the forefaid conſtable, or fervants, may
« take: any ſuch like creature ſwimming through
"s the middle of the ſaid bridge to the foreſaid
56 Tower, which the ſame conſtable or his fer-
" vants aforeſaid have taken: of every foot of
“ ſuch like creature feeding within the ditch of the
foreſaid

HİS TORT and SURVÊ Y of I ONDON.
87
66
60
66
66
6c foreſaid Tower, one penny: every cart, empty " of your ſpecial grace, to grant and confirm to
or laden, which ſhall fall into the aforeſaid your faid citizens, and to their ſucceſſors, by
< ditches, as forfeiture or fee of the conſtable : your letters patents, all their liberties and free
< and that the foreſaid conſtables, as well thoſe “ uſages, as entire and full as they or their pre-
" afore-namedy as others, have uſed and enjoyed “ deceffors have enjoyed at any time by the fa-
" the uſages underwritten, from the time before avour of your noble progenitors, with the clauſe
" ſaid ; to wit, that no cart, empty or laden, 56 of Licet ufi non fuerint, vel abuſi fuerint; (i. e.
os which ſhall fall into the forefaid ditches, as so whether the ſame were not uſed, or ever abuſed;)
" forfeiture or fee of the conſtable, and that the “ in like manner with the franchiſes, which they
forefaid conſtables, as well thoſe afore-named “ enjoy by your own moſt gracious charter, and
as others, have uſed and enjoyed the uſages are confirmed : any ſtatutes, judgments, ſur-
6 underwritten, from the time beforeſaid; to 66 renders, ordinances, or any charters or grants
“ wit, that no cart, empty or laden, ought " of your majeſty, or your progenitors aforeſaid,
to come from the end of the ſtreet called " in time paſt made and granted, to the contrary
" Petty-wales, upon the ſaid Tower-hill, nor near notwithſtanding, &c.”
56 the foreſaid ditch, to the high ſtreet, called
“ Tower-ſtreet, unleſs it be taken and brought To this petition his majeſty anſwered, “ Lé
" within the ſaid Tower; and that no cart ſhall Rio le veut;" that is, “ ſo the king willeth :" and
paſs beyond the bridge, between the ditch of in conſequence of the royal affent, a charter paf-
" The faid caſtle and the ditch of the hoſpital of ſed in that fame parliament, reciting the ſeveral
C St. Catharine's, without the licence of the con charters of confirmation, and others paſſed by
" ftable of the ſaid Tower; and if it do, and king Edward the ſecond, Edward the third, and
“ break the bar, that cart ought to be brought || Henry the third, as well as a charter of confir-
within the ſaid Tower, and to make fatisfaction mation, granted by Richard himſelf, in the firſt
" for the tranſgreſlion, according to the faid year of his reign.
46 conſtable's will; We, willing to maintain all Soon after the paſling of this charter, the ſame
• and ſingular the rights and liberties of our was, by command of the king, fully ſet forth
os Tower aforeſaid, that they periſh not, or be and publiſhed, in a proclamation of Sir Nicholas
unlawfully taken away, command you, that Brembre, lord mayor ; which proclamation being
you permit our beloved and loyal Sir Thomas carefully preſerved among the records of this city,
" Murrieux, our conſtable of the Tower, to take as an affair of the higheſt importance to pofterity,
« and have the cuſtoms, pence and profics, by we have fubjoined a faithful tranſlation thereof,
“ himſelf and his ſervants, in form aforeſaid, and from the original latin.
to uſe and enjoy the forefaid uſages freely, with-
out any impediment, as he ought to take and A proclamation made in the mayoralty of Ni-
" have ſuch cuſtoms, pence and profits, and to cholas Brembre, knight, mayor, on Friday
“6 uſe and enjoy the aforeſaid uſages, as he and after the feaſt of the B. V. Mary, and in the
66 all other conſtables of the ſaid Tower have ſeventh year of the reign of Richard II. con-
reaſonably accuſtomed to take and have thoſe cerning the liberties lately granted to the citi-
“ cuſtoms, pence and profits, and to uſe and en zens of London, by the lord the king in his
joy the foreſaid uſages, from the time afore parliament, and alfo concerning certain ancient
« faid; and that by no means ye neglect this. 1 liberties renewed by the lord the king, and
“ Witneſs myſelf at Elthan), the ſixteenth day || newly confirmed to the ſaid citizens by his royal
“ of November, in the fixth year of our reign.
charter.
“ By the king.”
" It is proclaimed on the part of the lord our
The citizens of London conſidered this grant king, and of the mayor of the city of London,
as a violation of their ancient rights and privi by virtue of the confirmation and conceffion
leges, and therefore applied to the king, through 66 made by the faid lord the king, concerning
the mediation of the next parliament, for a con 56 the liberties and ancient cuſtoms of the ſaid
firmation of all their rights, liberties, free-cuf city, as well by charters of the kings of Enga
toms, ordinances, &c. and were ſucceſsful enough “ land, granted unto them, as without charters,
to obtain their requeft.
" that it may be made known to all foreigners
In the year 1383, the houſe of commons, ap concerning the following liberties of the ſaid
prehenſive that the ancient government of the os citizens, eſpecially touching the ſaid foreigners,
city might be again infringed, as in many
former as the citizens of the city aforeſaid.
inſtances it had bcen; by the crown; petitioned " So that no fummons, attachments on execu-
the king for a confirmation of the liberties of the « tions, be made by any miniſters or officers of
faid city ; which petition is recorded in French, " the lord the king, or of his heirs, either with
of which the following is is a faithful tranſlation. " or without a warrant, within the liberties of the
es city aforefaid, but by the officers of the city
“ The commons in this preſent parliament al only.
ſembled pray, for the greater quiet and nouriſh " Alſo the fame lord our king hath, out of
“ ing of the peace amongſt your liege ſubjects, “ his ſpecial grace, by his charter granted and
" and for common benefit, that your citizens of us confirmed, as will fully appear by having re-
your city of London be entirely in this preſent « courſe to the faid charters and letters, the gifts,
“ parliament reſtored to their franchiſes and free grants, confirmations, innovations, and the
« uſages, and that it may pleaſe your highneſs, 66. ordinances aforeſaid ; and alſo all the articles,
e
C6
66 and

88
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
66
66
"
92
66
C6
“ and all other and every thing contained, recited, || authority to prevent any ill conſequences that
36 and explained in all the charters and letters, as might ariſe from theſe irregularities, and in the
"well of him the lord the king, as any of his neceſſary exertion of this authority, one Con-
progenitors; ratifying and granting all and each Itantine, a ſhoe-maker, being apprehended for
thereof, at the inſtance and requeſt of the ncouraging the populace to eſpouſe the cauſe of
commons of the realm of England in his laſt Northampton, was immediately carried before
parliament, for the nouriſhing greater quiet the magiſtrates at Guild-hall, where he was tried
" and peace among his liege ſubjects, and for and convicted, partly on his own confeffion, and
to the public good, and by and with the aſſent of partly on the evidence of others, and beheaded
“ the prelates, lords, nobility, and great men, ſoon afterwards.
« alifting him in the ſaid parliament, for him. | About the ſame time Northarapton was im-
« ſelf and his heirs, as much as in him lies, peached by his own chaplain of being the prin-
to the citizens of the foreſaid city, and to cipal actor in the late ſedition, and of conſpiring
"s their heirs and ſucceſſors, citizens of the fame againſt the king and government; and being
city.
carried before a convention of the nobilicy at
“ Alſo the fame our lord the king has further Reading, he was ſentenced to be impriſoned for
“ granted, at the inſtance and requeſt as afore life, and all his effects to be appropriated to the
« faid, and by the affent aforeſaid, and alſo by king's uſe; which ſentence was carried into exe-
s his own charters confirmed, for himſelf and cution by his impriſonment in the caſtle of Tin-
“ his heirs aforeſaid, that the foreſaid citizens tagel in Cornwall.
" and their ſucceſſors, citizens of the city afore The peace of the city being again reſtored,
“ ſaid, ſhall be as entirely and fully reſtored to all its inhabitants began to think of eſtabliſhing a
66 their liberties and free-cuſtoms, as ever they or reſpectable common.council; and at a common
“ their predeceſſors have at any time more freely hall aſſembled for this purpoſe, petitions were
" and fully enjoyed the ſame under the predecef- preſented to the mayor, ſetting forth, that " for
a fors of him the lord the king.
« want of ſufficient perſons choſen, divers things
“ Alſo the ſame lord our king, willeth, that, were paſſed in the common-council, more by
though the ſame citizens, or their predeceſſors,
66 clamour than reaſon."
“ citizens of the city aforeſaid, have not on any | To remedy this grievance for the future, ſeve-
" occaſion whatſoever, hitherto fully uſed 1 any
articles were propoſed to be tried, and if found
s or either of the liberties, acquittances, grants, uſeful and neceffary, to be confirmed: one of
“ ordinances, articles, or free-cuſtoms, or other which articles was, that the common-council
things granted in the ſaid charters or letters, || might conſiſt of ſufficient people, and it was de-
or perhaps, have abuſed any or all of the ac termined that, for the future, four perſons ſhould
" quitcances, grants, ordinances, articles, or be choſen out of each ward, under the inſpection
“ free-cuſtoms, or any other things in the ſame of the alderman, to repreſent the ſaid ward in
“ charters or letters, as aforeſaid, contained ; the court of common.council.
“ nevertheleſs the ſame citizens, their heirs and This appears to have been a very excellent re:
“ ſucceſſors, citizens of the city aforeſaid, may gulation ; becauſe, in former times, the members
“ for the future fully enjoy and uſe all and fin of the common council had been choſen by per-
gular the liberties, acquittances, ordinances, fons profeſſing certain myſteries, or crafts, and
“ articles, grants, free-cuſtoms, and whatſoever not by the inhabitants of the reſpective wards.
" elſe is contained in the ſame charters and letters Soon after this eſtabliſhment, Nicholas Brem-
" aforeſaid, whether the ſame were not uſed, or bre, then mayor, prevailed on the members of
“ perhaps abuſed, and every one of them, with the common-council, to turn out almoſt all the
out let or impediment, of the ſame the lord aldermen, and to elect new ones in their room :
“ the king, or of his heirs, juſtices, eſcheators, a proceeding which ſeems to have been encou-
“6 ſheriffs, or of any other his bailiffs or minifters raged, if not propoſed, by the court ; for the new
“ whomſoever; any ſtatutes or ordinances pub- || elections were confirmed by a warrant from the
“ liſhed, or judgments given, or any charters of || king, dated the eighth of March, which was the
the ſame the lord the king, or his progenitors very day on which the election of the new alder-
16 aforeſaid, in times paft made and granted, to men took place.
“ the contrary notwithſtanding."
As this new method of electing the mem-
bers of the common-council was thought to ad-
The citizens of London in general, and the varice the good government of the city, the
company of fiſhmongess in particular were ex mayor, aldermen, and common council, did on
tremely gratified by this inſtance of the royal fa the thirty firſt of July, 1384, make the follow-
vour, whereby all their ancient rights and privile- || ing order reſpecting the choice and time of meet-
ges were reſtored, except that of holding courts ; ing of the common-council, viz. “ That they
all affairs being to be determined in the mayor's « ſhould be choſen by the wards, fifteen days
court, in conformity to the late charter.
" after St. Gregory; and that the inhabitants
Soon after this, John Northampton, the late "s ſhould chuſe thoſe who had ſerved the year
mayor, who appears to have been a man of a very " before, or others; and, that the common.
turbulent diſpoſition, raiſed great tumults in the
66 council ſhould be affembled once a quarter,
city, by aſſembling large numbers of people, " or oftener, to conſult and take care of the af-
and walking through the ſtreets in a riotous es fairs of the city.”
In the year 1385, Hammon Godcheap, and
Brembre, the preſent mayor, exerted all his h William de Buddle, having been elected ſheriffs,
66
manner.
Were

of
Engraved for» Chamberlainis Hiftory of Londone. S
DODDOODILD
2 LINE
MOTO
WILLEET
IKEL
os
**
View of the TOWER
from the River Thames, a
OLC
111 TUND THE
IPHY
IN
WON
VIEW of the CUSTOM HOUSE.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
89
CG
66
66
were preſented to the mayor and aldermen, to the confirmed by the king and parliament, as will
treaſurer and barons of the exchequer, who re appear by the following recital.
quired them to take an oath for their good beha " We, with the advice and affent of the
pre-
viour in the ſaid office.
lates and other noblemen in our parliament,
Hereupon, John Gyfors, the mayor, replied, “ have 'graciouſly conſented on our part to the
that “the perſons preſented by them to that of “ foreſaid ſupplication of the conſtable, accord-
“ fice, were not obliged, nor ought they, to ing to his petition. And therefore we com-
“ take an oath, concerning the exerciſe of their mand you, that on your part ye take care
< office any where but before the mayor and al " that all and ſingular the liberties and fran-
“ dermen of the city; and that ſince the firſt « chiſes belonging to our faid Tower be pub-
" conceſſion made to the citizens, of chuſing “ liſhed, proclaimed, and pronounced diſtinctly
«6 the ſheriffs of London and Middleſex, and of " within your city aforeſaid, and its ſuburbs, in
“6 diſcharging them at pleaſure, it had not been “ ſuch places as ſhall be moſt proper : and that
• known that ever any ſuch oath had been taken, “ we will, that our faid Tower may enjoy and
except orce, when the city was ſeized into the co uſe the liberties and franchiſes aforefaid in
66 hands of Edward the firſt.”
" the form aforeſaid ; the liberties and fran-
For theſe reaſons the mayor and aldermen, in “ chiſes granted by us to the ſaid citizens and
the name of the city, deſired that “ the ſaid E the commonalty notwithſtanding: and that
Hammon and William might be admitted to ye permit the ſaid conſtable to have and re-
“ the ſaid office, upon their preſentation, accord " ceive, by himſelf or by his ſervants, the
« ing to cuſtom."
rights and profits aforeſaid, belonging unto
This plea however, notwithſtanding its reaſon " the ſaid Tower. Witneſs myſelf at Weſtmin-
ableneſs, had no weight with the barons, who " ffer, the twenty-ſecond of November, in the
would not permit the ſheriffs to execute their " ninth year of our reign.”
office, without taking the oath; though at the
fame time they did not pretend to invalidate the Notwithſtanding this, the privileges of the
election.
conſtable of the Tower furniſhed a conſtant
Soon after this, the citizens received another ſource of contention for a long ſpace of time af-
mortification, not inferior to the former ; for || terwards, till, in the reign of king James the firſt,
notwithſtanding the late confirmation of the city that monarch determined the affair in favour of
privileges, the conſtable of the Tower conti the city of London.
nued to demand the cuſtoms and profits annexed As this leads us, with great propriety, to treat
to his office in the ſixth year of this king's of the Tower; we ſhall, in the next chapter, give
reign.
a full and particular account of that ancient for-
The citizens conceived this practice to be high- | treſs ; agreeable to the plan we have hitherto pur-
ly prejudicial to the city ; and therefore deter- || ſued, of compleating our defcriptions of parti-
mined to petition the king for a revocation of the cular parts of this city, wherever thoſe deſcrip-
grant: but ſo far from obtaining redreſs, they |tions can be introduced with the greateſt pro-
had the mortification to find that the grant was priety
CG
CH A P T E R XIX.
A conciſe biftorical view of the Tower of London. Of its foundation, increaſe, and preſene
ftate. Its government, cuſtoms, and privileges. Its antiquities and records. Of the lions and
other wild beaſts. Of the Spoils of the Spaniſh Armada. Of the ſmall armory, the royal
train of artillery, and the horſe armory. Of the Jewel office, and the regalia uſed at the
coronation of the king's of England. Particulars of colonel Blood's attempt to ſteal the
Account of the mint, with its officers and the manner of ſtamping money. An ac-
count of the office of ordnance, with a liſt of its officers,
crown.
T
HE Tower of London, which is fituat ditch, which is, in ſome places, no leſs than one
ed on the eaſt-ſide of the city, near the hundred and twenty feet wide.
bank of the river Thames, was an Henry I. built the lions tower for the reception
ciently a royal palace, and conſiſted of no more of the foreign animals preſented to him by the
than what is now called the white Tower, which emperor Frederic; and from this time it has
was built by William the conqueror, to over-awe ferved to accommodate the beaſts, birds, &c.
the citizens, and ſecure to himſelf a ſafe retreat, preſented to the kings of England.
in caſe of neceſſity.
In the year 1240, Henry III. ordered a
In the year 1998, during the reign of William ſtone gate, bulwark, and ſome other. addi-
Rufus, ſon to William the conqueror, it was ſur tions to be made to this fortreſs; and the outſide
rounded with walls, and fortified with a deep | wall of the ſquare Tower to be whitened, from
whence

90
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
whence it obtained the appellation of the white Ar the opening and ſhutting the principal gate
Tower.
night and morning, there is a great deal of cere-
The church of St. Peter ad Vincula, within mony uſed; of which the following is a deſcrip-
the Tower was built by king Edward III. and in tion. A little before ſix in the morning in
the year 1465 the forcifications of this place were fummer, and as ſoon as it is light in the winter,
greatly enlarged by Edward IV.
the yeoman porter goes to the governor's houſe
In the year 1638 the white Tower was rebuilt; for the keys, from whence he proceeds to the in-
and after the reſtoration of Charles II. it was nermoſt gate, attended by a ſerjeant and fix men
thoroughly repaired, and a great number of ad of the main guard; this gate being opened to lec
ditional buildings made to it; ſo that the Tower thern paſs, is again ſhut, while the yeoman porter
of London has at preſent more the appearance of and the guard proceed to open the three outernoſt
à town than a fortreſs.
gates, at each of which the guards reft their fire-
The Tower is ſeparated from the river Thames locks, as do the ſpur-guard while the keys paſs
by a narrow ditch and a convenient wharf, to
and repaſs.
which it has a communication by a draw-bridge, When the yeoman porter returns to the inner-
for the readier iſſuing and receiving ammunition, moſt gate, he calls to the wardens in waiting, to
and naval or military ſtores.
take in king George's keys; upon which the gate
On this wharf, there is lately made a long and is opened, and the keys lodged in the warders
beautiful plat-form, on which are planted fixty hall till the time of locking, which is uſually
one pieces of cannon, mounted on new and very about ten or eleven at night, with the ſame form-
elegant iron carriages. The pieces of ordnance are ality as when opened.
chiefly uſed to fire on the days of ſtate, or to pro-
After they are ſhut, the yeoman and guard pro-
mulgate any joyful news to the public.
ceed to the main guard, who are all under arms
Parrellel to the wharf, within the walls, is a with the officers upon duty at their head. The
platform 70 yards in length, called the ladies uſual challenge from the main guard to the yeo-
line, becauſe much frequented by the ladies in ran porter is, Who comes there? His anſwer is,
the ſummer, as within it is ſhaded with a lofty The keys. The challenger ſays, Paſs keys; upon
row of trees, and without it has a delightful which the officer orders the guard to reft their
proſpect of the ſhipping, with boats paſſing and firelocks; the yeoman porter then ſays, God ſave
repaſſing on the river Thames.
king George. Amen, is loudly anſwered by all
You afcend this line by ſtone ſteps, and being the guard.
once upon it you may walk almoſt round the The yeoman porter with his guard proceeds,
walls of the Tower without interruption, and in from the main-guard, to the governor's, where
your courſe will paſs three batteries; the firſt cal the keys are left; after which no perſon can go
ied the Devil's battery, where is alſo a platform on out or come in upon any pretence whatſoever till.
'which are mounted ſeven pieces of cannon, tho' next morning, without the watch-word for the
on the battery itſelf are only five ; the next is night, which is kept ſo ſecret, that none but the
called the ſtone battery, and is defended by eight proper officers and the ferjeant upon guard, ever
pieces of cannon ; and the third and laſt is called come to the knowledge of it; for it is the fanie
the wooden battery, mounted with fix pieces of on the ſame night in every fortified place through-
cannon, all nine pounders.
out the king's dominions.
The chief entrance into the Tower is by a When the watch-word is given by any ſtranger
gate to the weſt, large enough to admit coaches to the centinel at the ſpur-guard (or outer.gate)
and heavy carriages; but theſe are firſt admitted he communicates it to his ſerjeant, who paſſes it
through an outer
gate, and muſt paſs a ſtout ſtone to the next on duty, and ſo on till it comes to
bridge, built over the ditch, before they can ap the governor, or commanding officer, by whom
proach the main entrance. There is beſide an the keys are delivered to the yeoman porter, who
entrance for perſons on foot, over the draw attends as before ; the main-guard being put un-
bridge, to the wharf, which wharf is only divided der arms, brings them to the outer gate, where
from the main land by gates at each end, opened the ſtranger is admitted, and conducted to the
every day at a certain hour for the convenience of commandant. Having made known his buſineſs,
a free intercourſe between the reſpective inhabi he is conducted to the outer-gate, diſmiſſed, the
tants of the Tower, the city, and its ſuburbs. gate fhut, and the keys re-delivered with all the
Beſides theſe entrances there is a water-gate, formality above deſcribed.
commonly called Traitor's gate, through which The conſtable of the Tower is the principal
it has been cuſtomary to convey traitors, and officer to whom the care of this fortreſs is com-
other ſtate priſoners, to or from the Tower, per mitted ; and he is uſually of the higheſt quality,
haps for greater privacy, and which is ſeldom as his poſt at all coronations and other ſtate cere-
opened on any other occaſion ; but the lords com monies is of the utmoſt conſequence, having the
mitted to the Tower on account of the late crown and other regalia in his cuſtody. He hath
rebellion were publicly admitted at the main under him a lieutenant and a deputy-lieutenant,
entrance.
commonly called governor, whoſe offices are like-
Over this gate is a regular building, termina wiſe of great dignity, a tower-major, gentleman
ted at each end by two baſtions, or round towers, porter, yeoman porter, gentleman gaoler, four-
on which are embrafures for pointing cannon, quarter gunners, and forty wardens, whoſe uni-
but there are at preſent none mounted. In this form is the ſame with the king's yeomen of the
building are placed the infirmary, the mill, and guard.
waterworks that ſupply the Tower with water. Upon their heads they wear round flat-crowned
caps,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
GI
caps, tied round with bands of party-coloured are cloſets and preffes in abundance, all filled
ribbands : their coats are of a particular make, with warlike tools and inſtruments of death
but very becoming, with large Neeves and flow without number. Over theſe are two other floors,
ing ſkirts, and are of fine ſcarlet cloth, laced one filled principally with arms; the other with
round the edges and ſeams with ſeveral rows of arms and armorers tools; ſuch as cheveaux de
gold lace, and girt round their waiſts with a broad frize, pick-axes, ſpades and ſhovels,
laced girdle. Upon their breaſts and backs they In the upper ſtory is kept match, ſheep-ſkins,
wear the king's filver badge, repreſenting the tanned hides, &c. And in a little room fome re-
thiſtle and roſe, on which are the letters G. R. cords, containing the antient uſages and privileges
in capitals.
of the place. In this tower are likewiſe kept
Beſides theſe, and other inferior officers, there models of the new invented engines of deſtruc-
is always a battalion of foot guards on duty quar tion, that have from time to time been preſented
tered in barracks, which have been lately rebuilt. to the government.
The principal buildings within the walls are the On the top of this tower is a large ciſtern or
church, the white Tower, the offices of ordnance, reſervoir for ſupplying the whole garriſon with
of the mint, of the keepers of the records, the water in caſe of need ; it is about ſeven feet deep,
jewel office, the horſe-armory, the grand ſtore. nine in breadth, and about fixty in length, and
houſe, the new or ſmall armory, handſome houſes is filled from the Thames by means of an engine
for the chief officers reſiding in the Tower, with very ingeniouſly contrived for that purpoſe.
many other houſes for the inferior officers, and bar The office of ordnance is kept in Cold Har-
racks for ſoldiers on duty, beſides priſons for bor; to which office all other offices for fupply-
ſtate-delinquents, which are commonly the war ing artillery, arms, ammunition, or other warlike
ders houſes.
ſtores to any part of his majeſty's dominions, are
As the church has nothing worth a particular | accountable ; from which office are iſſued all or-
obſervation belonging to it, we fall not detain ders for the diſpoſition of warlike materials for
the reader by deſcribing it: but only remark, every kind of ſervice.
that it is famous for being the burial place of the The mint is alſo a ſeparate diviſion, which com-
following perſons of eminence.
prehends near one third of the Tower, and con-
tains houſes for all the officers belonging to the
John Fiſher, biſhop of Rocheſter, who was be coinage; of this, as well as of the office of ord-
headed on Tower-hill, the 22d. of June, 1535. nance, a particular account will follow in their
George Bullen, lord Rochford, beheaded on the proper places.
17th of May, 1536.
The office of keeper of the records is oppoſite
Anna Bullen, beheaded on the 19th of May, the platform already deſcribed. It has lately been
1536.
adorned with a fine carved ſtone door-caſe at the
Thomas Cromwell, earl of Effex, beheaded in entrance, and finely wainſcotted within. All the
the year 1540.
rolls from king John to the beginning of the reign
Catherine Howard, beheaded February the 13th of Richard III. are depoſited in fifty-ſix wainſcot
1541.
preſſes in this office; thoſe ſince that time are kept
Edward Seymour, duke of Somerſet, beheaded at the rolls in Chancery-lane.
January the 24th, 1552.
The rolls and records kept in the Tower con-
John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, behead. tain the ancient tenures of all the lands in Eng-
ed on the 22d. of Auguſt, 1553 ; and
land, with a ſurvey of the manors ; the originals
James Scoit, duke of Monmouth, ſon of Charles of all laws and ſtatutes ; the rights of England
II. beheaded on the 15th of July, 1685, for to the dominion of the Britiſh feas ; leagues and
aſſerting his right to the crown, againſt James treaties with foreign princes; the atchievements of
the fecond.
England in foreign wars ; antient grants of our
Beſides theſe, within the rails of the altar, were kings to their ſubjects; che forms of ſubmiſſion
depoſited the remains of the infamous judge of the Scottiſh kings; writs and proceedings of the
Jeffries, who died of grief, in the Tower, to courts of common law and equity; the ſettlemenc
wards the end of the year 1688.
of Ireland as to law and dominion ; privileges and
immunities granted to all cities and corporations
The white Tower is a large ſquare irregular | during the period before mentioned; with many
building, ſituated almoſt in the center, no one ſide other important records ; all regularly diſpoſed
anſwering to another, nor are any of its watch by the diligence of Sir William Dugdale, and
towers, of which there are four that ornament others under his direction, and properly referred
the top, built alike : one of theſe towers is now to in near a thouſand folio indexes. The price of
converted into an obſervatory, and indeed ſeems ſearching here is half a guinea, for which you
well adapted to that uſe.
may peruſe any one ſubject a year. In the months
The building itſelf conſiſts of three very lofty of December, January, and February, this of-
ſtories, under which are moſt ſpacious and com fice is open only fix, but all the reſt of the year
modious vaults, chiefly filled with ſalt-petre. Ic eight hours in a day.
is covered at top with flat leads, from whence The jewel-office is a dark ſtrong ſtone room,
there is an extenſive and noble proſpect of the about twenty yards to the eaſtward of the grand
ſhipping in the Thames, and the adjacent country. ſtore-houſe. The regalia kept in this office will
In the firſt ſtory are two ſpacious rooms, one of be ſpoken of when we come to treat of the curio-
which is a ſmall armory for the ſea-ſervice, having | fities within the tower.
various ſorts of arms very curiouſly laid up in it, The horſe-armory is a little eaſtward of the
for more than 10,000 ſeamen. In the other room White Tower. It is a plain brick building, ra-
ther

92
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
66
CG
50
PER
ther convenient than elegant. Its contents are bitants of the woods and foreſts, many of them
likewiſe among the curioſities commonly ſhewn die in breeding their teeth, in ſtrong convulſions.
at the Tower, and will be diſtinctly deſcribed Thoſe nurſed in the Tower were kept twelve
hereafter.
months in a warm room, and fed noftly with
The grand ſtore-houfe is a noble building to milk diet before they were put into dens; they
the northward of the White Tower, and extends were as gencle as lambs when about five or fix
in length 245 feet, in breadth 60. It was begun weeks old, but it was obſerved that, as they grew
by king James II. and by that prince built to older, their favage nature increaſed.
the firſt floor, but finiſhed by king William, who The following is the account given of Nero,
erected that magnificent room called the New or " that when he was two years old, he was indeed
Small Armory, in which he, with queen Mary
a very
beautiful creature, and exceedingly well
his confort, on its being finiſhed, dined in great educated ; for, ſays he, upon my expreſſing a
form, having all the warrant workmen and la “6 deſire of viſiting his lodgings, at a word ſpeak-
bourers to attend them, dreſſed in white gloves ing he marched down with great condeſcenſion
and aprons, the uſual badges of the order of free from his upper into his lower apartment, and
mafonry. This noble ſtructure is of brick and
gave me the opportunity of entering into his
ftone, and on the north ſide is a ſtately door-caſe “ den; where having ſatisfied my curioficy in
adorned with four columns, an entablature, and “ viewing his dining-room, kitchen, and bed-
triangular pediment of the dorick order. Under • chamber, his manner of living, particular ce-
the pediment are the king's arms, with enrich « remonies in eating, drinking, &c. at my de-
ments of trophy work very ornamental.
“ parture from thence he would have taken me
The other buildings within the Tower having " by the hand, but our acquaintance being but
nothing remarkable, we ſhall proceed to the de fender, I declined accepting ſo great a mark
fcription of thoſe curioſities that are uſually ſhewn w of his friendſhip, till I had known him better.
to ſtrangers.
Upon the keepers putting into his den a piece
os of lights, he ſeemingly took very little nocice
Of the Lions and other wild beafs in the Tower. « of it, but couched down on his belly, with
- his fore-feet out like a cat that is going to leap
ERSONS whoſe inclination leads them to « at a mouſe, and in an inſtant gave a ſudden
ſee the rarities in the Tower of London, ge ſpring from the fartheft ſide of the den, and
nerally take a view of the wild beaſts before any “ ſeized it with amazing fierceneſs.” Nancy it
other curioſity, as by their ſituation they firſt pre ſeems, was more fhy; ſhe would admit of no
ſent themſelves ; for when you have entered the familiarity with ſtrangers; and was looked upon
outer gate, and paſſed what is called the ſpur as the fierceſt beaft in the Tower,
guard, you will ſee the keeper's houſe juſt before The next den is inhabited with maſter Dunco,
you, which you will know by the figure of a lion a young he-lion, and miſs Groggery, a fine young
being placed againſt the wall, and over the door tygreſs, which
were preſented to his majeſty by
where you are to enter is another figure of a lion; lord Anſon. Tho’theſe creatures are full grown,
there you are to ring, and for fix-pence each per they live together in the moſt perfect amity and
ſon, you will inſtantly gain admittance, and be friendſhip; and the king of beaſts permits his
ſhewn ſuch a noble collection of wild creatures, fair partner to ſhare with him his empire without
as is well worthy the admiration of the curious. controul.
As ſoon as you enter you are carried into a The lion is fo perfectly tame and good-natured,
range of dens in the form of a half moon, moſt that he will ſuffer his keepers to do any thing with
of them inhabited by lions and lioneſſes of dif him; and there is one circumſtance, reſpecting his
ferent ages and various countries.
behaviour, which I muſt relate, as in tenderneſs
The firſt they ſhew you is a young he-lion nam he ſeems to have come near to human nature, and
ed Marco, which was preſented to his majeſty in friendſhip to have ſurpaſſed it.
by his royal highneſs the duke of Cumberland; When Dunco was in the den alone, and acci-
he is ſtill very favage, and cannot be tamed by all dent happened to the lower part of it, which ſo
the art of the keepers.
impaired the wood work that he could not be
This den was formerly occupied by a lioneſs, || kept with fafety; the carpenter was therefore
who lived above forty years in the Tower, and called to mend it, who wiſely ſtood at a diſtance,
bred ſeveral times, to the no ſmall ſatisfaction of and could not approach the den for fear of the
her keepers.---She was the oldeſt that ever was lion. Upon this one of the keepers ſtepped into
known here, tho' it is more than five hundred the den, and agreed to keep Dunco in the upper
years ſince theſe fort of beaſts firſt began to be part of his houſe, while the carpenter was at
kept in this place. Of her whelps Nero lived work beneath. It happened, however, that the
to the age of ten, and died about nine years ago, || keeper, after playing ſome time with the lion, fell
and NANCY lived to the age of twenty.
faſt alleep. The carpenter continued his work,
Theſe were both brought up in the Tower, without knowing to what danger he was expoſed,
with great care and expence; for hardly any crea and when he had done called the keeper to come
ture is more tender when young than a lion's down and faſten the door ; but receiving no an-
whelp, notwithſtanding the great ſtrength of fwer, he ran out of the den, and was greatly ſur-
thoſe animals when grown to maturity.
drized to fee, through the grate, both the keeper
In this country they would infallibly periſh, if and the lion, ſtretched upon the floor and Neep-
they were not immediately taken from their dams
ing together. He again called William, but
as ſoon as whelped ; and it is remarkable, that in William was too ſound aſleep to make any anſwer;
Barbary, where they are a part of the wild inha however, the lion reared up his head, and, after
looking

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
93
looking at the carpenter fome time, threw his young, with a red hot iron by the negro who
great paw over William's breaſt, and laying his took her, which was done, we are told, to make
noſe upon his head again compoſed himſelf to her tame; and tame ſhe is, indeed, more fo than
reſt. The carpenter, already terrified with his many of the human race, for ſome time ago,
own ſituation, was ſtill more alarmed when he when ſhe feemed indiſpoſed, and refuſed to eat
faw the keeper thus incircled with the paws of her meat, the two keepers commenced doctors,
the lion ; and ran into the houſe for aid. Some and having prepared a drink for her, one opened
of the people came out, and, having bolted the her jaws with his hands, while the other poured
den-door, which the carpenter had neglected in it down her throat; and this doſe they repeated
his precipitate retreat, they rouſed William, who four different times, without any other oppofi-
ſhaking the lion by the paw took his leave; but tion from the good natured creature than a ſour
Dunco firſt rubbed his noſe againſt the keeper's || look, and a growl of diſapprobation.
knees, then held him by the coat, and, at length, In a ſecond den is a large wolf from Saxony, in
attended him quite to the door.
form not unlike a dog of a mixed breed. Theſe
It is an old maxim, that evil communication are ravenous creatures, which inhabit the im-
corrupts good manners; and as a companion to menſe foreſts in Germany and other parts, and
this adage, we may affert, that good company are a terror to men and cattle. In the ſevere fea-
and kind treatment will tame the moſt favage ſon of the year, when the froſts and foows have
animals. We have an inſtance of this, in the locked up every kind of vegetable, theſe crea-
courteous behaviour of miſs Groggery, who is tures come from the woods, and fall ravenouſly
altogether as kind and familiar as her companion, upon every living thing they meet. Children have
and, though a tygreſs, diſcovers no marks of been torn from the breaſts of their mothers by
ferocity.-But notwithſtanding the polite and them upon the road ; and they have even entered
friendly behaviour of theſe beautiful creatures, I houſes in ſearch of food.
would not adviſe my friends to be too great with The third den is occupied by Hector, a fine
them; for, like other couples, they may fome young lion, ſent from the emperor of Morocco,
times happen to be out of temper.
as a preſent to his majeſty.
The tyger is in ſhape not much unlike a cat, Next to him you are ſhewn Miſs Jenny, a Ben-
only much larger, and when wild is prodigious || gal tygreſs, brought from Madraſs by governor
fierce and ravenous. It lurks in the woods, and Piggot, and preſented to his majeſty as a great
ſeizes its prey by a ſudden ſpring. Men in tra curioſity. She is a moſt beautiful creature, and
verſing the woods, are frequently ſurprized by this indeed more ſo than any other in the Tower.
animal. Tygers are finely ſpotted; they are of a In the next den, you are ſhewn Nero, the em-
yellowiſh colour, and their ipots black; they are peror, the oldeſt lion in the Tower, now greatly
very playful, and leap a prodigious height, when upon the decline. He was brought from the river
they are playing their gambols.
Gambia in Africa, and is of a noble and majeſtic
In the third den, you were formerly ſhewn Zara appearance. His looks ſtrike the ſtouteft beholder
a celebrated lioneſs, lately dead. She was brought with aſtoniſhing awe. His head is large, being
fron the dey of Algiers, as a preſent to his ma covered with a long ſhagged mane that reaches to
jeſty, by commodore Kepple, when he went to his ſhoulders, and adds rather to the terror than
that prince, fome years ago, to ſettle the peace, majeſty of his countenance, for his eyes being
and ranſom the Engliſh priſoners. This lioneſs very fiery and far ſet into his head, and darting as
was married in the Tower, and there bred, and in it were a kind of red flame through his long,
the ſame den are now ſhewn Pompey and Dido, ſhaggy, and diſhevelled hair, raiſes ſuch an idea
her ſon and daughter. Theſe ſhe brought forth of fierceneſs, as cannot be excited in the mind
about four years ago, and was fo tenderly fond unaccompanied with fear; nor can we conceive it
of them till her death, that ſhe eat no meat till poſſible for human courage to encounter a crea-
they had done, though they were then grown al ture of ſuch a dreadful aſpect, without the inter-
moſt as large as herſelf. Theſe two are remark vention of ſome lucky circumſtance; notwithſtand-
ably tame, and fond of their keepers.
ing the ſtories that have been told of men killing
In the next den reigns alone Cæſar, a mighty | lions in equal combat. His mouth
opens wide,
lion, born in Barbary, and preſented by the
dey and diſcovers a frightful ſet of teeth, and when
of Algiers to his majeſty. He was brought over he roars (which he generally does, if not diſ-
with Zara, by commodore Kepple, and has turbed or interrupted by company) about five in
the honour to be father to Pompey and Dido. the evening, he may be heard at a great diſtance ;
He may be a good father, but we cannot allow him indeed the voice of the lion is faid to be ſo ter-
to be a good companion, for he is both faucy and rible, when wild in the foreſt, that all creatures
furley.
that hear it tremble.
In the laſt den of this yard may be ſeen Sir The lion we are ſpeaking of, if we do not miſ-
Richard, a fine young tyger, preſented to his take in deſcribing him, is a kind of yellowiſh
majeſty by the duke of Northumberland. cream colour, about four feet high, his body ſmall
From this range of dens you are carried into in proportion to his head, but his legs have the
the next yard, and ſhewn:
appearance of amazing ſtrength ; his large
1. Miſs Fanny, a beautiful young lioneſs, muſcles being very viſible through the ſkin that
brought from Bombay by captain Webb, and covers them. The bone of his fore leg ſeems to
preſented to his majeſty. This is a very handſome be about the bigneſs of a man's wriſt, and his
beaſt and good tempered, but ſhe is ſomewhat fore feet are armed with five prodigious claws,
lame, occafioned by her paws being ſeared, when Deathed like thoſe of a cat, with which he feizes
his
Аа

94
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
his prey, like that animal; his hinder feet with membred, would fill a volume. The male Egyp-
only four.
tian having one day broke his chain, in the
This ſtately creature had his ſhoulder Ripped || twinkling of an eye mounted to the top of one
by an accident, which makes him go lame, and of the offices, and there ſec his keepers at de-
feemingly in pain; yet he appears to be very
fiance.
gentle and tractable to his feeder, and will lie 1 When they prepared to ſet ladders to attack
down to let him play with him like a ſpaniel ; him by ſtorm, he played the tiles about their
but we would adviſe no ftranger to be ſo familiar heads with ſuch dexterity, ſtrength, and nimble-
with theſe beaſts; for there are ſome whoſe coun neſs, that he fairly beat them off; when they at-
tenances they do not like at firſt ſight, and there. tempted to ſurpriſe him by ſtratagem, he was no
fore when they have conceived a diſguſt, it would leſs vigilant than before he had been active, and
be dangerous to come within their reach.
diſcovered as much ſagacity in defeating their
We have been informed, that a ſpaniel dog be- || plots, as he had ſhewn courage in oppoſing their
ing once thrown into a former lion's den in the attacks.
Tower, inſtead of hurting it, the lion cheriſhed Finding him neither to be overcome by force
it, and contracted ſuch a fondneſs for it, that he or ſtratagem, they had recourſe to milder med
would never ſuffer it to be taken out again, but thods, and thought to entice him down by feaſt-
fed it till he died, which happened ſeveral years ing his companions openly in his fight; but that
afterwards.
too failed of ſucceſs. He ſeemed to divert him.
The next den is inhabited by a leopard and ſelf much, by the chattering he made, in baffling
leopardeſs, two beautiful creatures fent to his all the arts they could deviſe to catch him; and
preſent majeſty by the dey of Algiers, and pre at length, after untiling almoſt all the place, and
ſented by the late Algerine ambaſſador.
laughing as long as he thought proper at thoſe
The next beaſt that is ſhewn is a young he that thought themſelves wiſer than himſelf, he
leopard, named Sir Robert, which was brought came down of his own accord, and retired to his
from Tripoly by capt. Birch, and preſented to own apartment.
the late king. This is a moſt beautiful creature, But what ſurprized, and indeed infinitely de-
of a ſhining yellow colour intermixed with bright lighted the keeper, was an amour he had with a
ſpots.
favourite female of his own ſpecies, by whom,
In the next den is Miſs Lucy, a panther, from after more than twenty years cohabitation, he at
Buenos Ayres. She is a moſt beautiful creature, length had iſſue. The little ape ſhe brought
her coat being of a ſhining yellow colour, deco forth was eſteemed the greateſt curioſity the king-
rated with great variety of round black ſpots, doni ever produced ; theſe animals having never
a
.
form.
Miſs
appear-
ance, ſhe has ſome fly, miſchievous tricks. She till ſhe had brought forth the young one, which
is ſurly even to the keepers, and very lately tore the nurſed with the ſame tenderneſs as mothers
a woman's arm in a terrible manner, who at do infants, and much in the ſame manner. She
tempted to be familiar with her. This we men carried it in her arms and ſometimes on her back,
tion as a caution to others,
and danced it round the room with much drol-
You are next ſhewn Cleone, a young lioneſs || lery ; but what is moft remarkable is, that there
from the coaſt of Barbary, which is very tame, was a dry nurſe in the ſame room, who was as
and full of play. This creature is eſteemed very fond of it as the dani. This old creature that
beautiful, her coat being of a cream colour, with uſed to run looſe about the room, one day took
brown ſpots. She was preſented to the preſent || ic upon her back and ran away with it. She
queen by the earl of Bute.
mounted the ridge of the dens, and when ſhe
There was formerly ſhewn here a black bear, thought ſhe had it ſafe to herſelf, ſhe ſeemed fo
brought from New-York by captain Lee, and highly pleaſed, that the keepers by her anticks
preſented to the duke of York, who gave it to were afraid ſhe would have dropped it ; but hava
his majeſty. This creature was very docile, and ing recovered it from her without any hurt, they
would open the door of his den, and do ſeveral ever after chained her up. Sometimes the dam
other feats at the word of command ; but he was and ſhe quarrelled about the nurſery.
not ſo droll and dexterous as the Maryland bear ; A gentleman obſerving the particular tender-
for that creature would ſhew you the humours of || neſs of theſe animals, cried out one day,
the beggars on Tower-hill, would make the ſide are certainly all in an error, and have been
ſteps in the Pruſſian exerciſe, and uſually cloſed wrong from the beginning; theſe are the ra-
his entertainment with a fine boarding-ſchool • tionals, and we are the apes. Is it no ſo, Mr.
courteſy.
“ keeper?
The next thing ſhewn you is a capuchin mon The next beaſt ſhewn is Helen, a lioneſs from
key, which is all that now remains of the famous the coaſt of Barbary. She ſtill remains in the
ſchool of apes, with which the public has been cage which brought her over, there being no
ſo often entertained. Beſides the creature above || den empty, though three new dens have been
mentioned, this ſchool originally conſiſted of two
lately built.
Egyptian night-walkers, and two apes from Tur The next curioſity you fee is a Muſcovy cat,
key. Of the largeſt of theſe creatures they uſed ſent from the dey of Algiers, and preſented to
to tell abundance of very ſurpriſing ſtories; and his majeſty by the late Algerine ambaſſador. This
indeed theſe fort of animals are capable of crearure, which is beautifully ſpotted, is made
ſuch variety of droll imitations of human actions, very long in the back, head and tail, ſomewhat
that their whimſical tricks, were they to be re like a ferret.
You
• We

H IS TORF and SURVE r of LONDON.
95
You are next
are next ſhewn Mifs Nancy, a fine large “ fowl that were brought to table wanted either a
tygreſs from the coaſt of Guinea, which was pre " head, a wing, a leg, or ſome other part,
which
ſented to his late majeſty by, captain Scott. She es occaſioned our gentlemen to ſay very plea-
is a fine beaſt but does not ſeem to have the moſt ſantly, that we muſt pardon the voraciouſneſs
amiable diſpoſition.
66 of his caterer, who was ſuch a brute, as always
After this you are ſhewn an eagle of the Sun, (6 to be the firſt that taſted what he had pro-
taken in a French prize by admiral Boſcawen, and
66 vided."
by him preſented to his late majeſty. This bird It is remarked by hiſtorians, that the eagles
is ſuppoſed to foar the higheſt of all the feather ſhed their feathers every year, as the hart does
ed tribe; and is able to look ſtedfaſtly at the ſun, his horns, and the ſerpent his ſkin; and that they
even in his moſt refulgent ſplendor; whence it live to an exceeding great age. The benedi&tine
obtained the name by which that ſpecies of eagles monks of the abbey of St. Bertin, at St. Omer's,
is diſtinguiſhed. Here you are alſo ſhewn a brown have an eagle now living, which they report to be
eagle, which was brought from Philadelphia by three hundred years old.
captain Fitzroy, who preſented it to king George
The next animal ſhewn is a Racoon from the
the ſecond.
coaſt of Guinea, which is ſmall, but much more
The eagle is accounted the king of birds, as beautiful than thoſe brought from America. This
the lion is the king of beaſts; becauſe of all the creature lives on the ſea-lands, and chiefly on
ſubordinations of their reſpective ſpecies, they || ſhell-fiſh, which it takes in a very ſafe and dex-
have the ſuperiority in point of fierceneſs and terous manner; for whenever the filhopens its ſhell
power to overcome and deſtroy ; for though there to receive either air or nutriment, this creature,
are of each kind others of far greater trength; we are told, puts a ſmall pebble in, ſo that the
as the bull for inſtance in one ſpecies, and the ſhell may not cloſe again, and then picks out the
oſtrich in the other ; yet nature has withheld fiſh with its claws.
from theſe the weapons of deſtruction, or the Near to this is a tygreſs-cat, brought from Bom-
agility to uſe them, which ſhe has, for wife || bay by captain Fletcher, and preſented to his pre-
purpoſes unknown to us, beſtowed upon the ſent majeſty. It is a beautiful creature, much lar-
others; and though the dominion is frequently ger than the largeſt boar-cat, delightfully colour-
diſputed in the wilderneſs and foreſt, and ſome ed, and fierce beyond imagination.
times the lion is vanquiſhed by the tyger, and The laſt animal ſhewn is a large Hyena, a
the eagle by the vulture; yet nature has ſuf fierce creature, and ſaid to be endued with great
ficiently confirmed their reſpective dignities by | ſubtilty ; but the noiſe he makes alarms travel-
this, that no beaſt, though ever ſo fierce, and lers, and gives them notice to avoid the danger.
made ravenous by hunger, will attack the lion Yet to thoſe who are unacquainted with them, this
for prey, nor any bird the eagle; an obſervation noiſe
may
have a contrary effect; for they fo per-
that has eſcaped the generality of writers on this fectly imitate the human voice by a ſort of moan
ſubject.-
and groan which they make, 'that a ſtranger
The eagle is generally of a dark brown colour, might eaſily miſtake it for the voice of a human
has a large hooked bill, and vaſt talons, and has creature in extreme torture.
ſuch ſtrength, that it has been confidently affirm Some writers affirm that the Hyena will dig
ed by perſons of undoubted credit, that they human bodies out of their graves, but perhaps
have been known to carry infants to their young, this is only when preſſed by the ſeverity of hun-
when they have failed of other food. An inſtance
ger. He naturally limps upon one of his hind
whereof happened, as Sir Robert Sibbald reports, || legs, notwithſtanding which imperfection he is
while he was in the Orkney Iſles; for a woman tolerably ſwift; his neck is remarkably ſtiff, ſo
there, being at harveſt work, and leaving her that in looking behind, or ſnatching at any thing
child, about a year old, at fome diſtance from obliquely, he is obliged to move his whole body
her, an eagle in ſearch of prey eſpied it, ſeized it in the ſame manner as the hog, or the badger.
in his talons, and carried it to his neſt upon a He is of a dun colour, inclining to be reddiſh with
neighbouring rock; which fome fiſhermen from fome ſtreaks of a dark brown; and the hair upon
the ſhore accidentally obſerving, purſued and at his neck is near a ſpan long, and often ſet up like
tacked the eagle and brought off the infant yet the briſtles of a hog.
alive. -
We are unwilling to quit this ſubject, without
Lambs, hares, fawns, pheaſants, and even lamenting the loſs of a fine large Oſtrich, which
kids, are the ordinary food with which theſe birds lately died here, and of whom we ſhall give ſome
bring up their young; and in the remote parts of account. This creature was ſent as a preſent to
France, if we may credit the following ſtory, a his late majeſty by the dey of Tunis. His ſhape
a gentleman who happens to have an eagle's neſt and colour was not very unlike that of a turkey
or two on his eſtate, thinks them equivalent to a cock breed, only greyer ; but the ſize vaſtly big-
good farm's rent.
ger, being formerly accounted the largeſt bird in
The ſtory we have from a gentleman lately ar the world; but later diſcoveries have proved the
rived from his travels, who ſays, that while he contrary. Its legs were as much as a man could
was in the neighbourhood of Mende, an officer well graſp, and rery long, as was the neck, of
of diftinction invited him and ſome other travel which it had great command, carrying it as erect
lers to paſs a few days at his country feat, where and ſtately as the ſwan does, ſo that when it
they were all entertained in the politeſt manner. walked, its bill was higher than the talleſt man's
• At the firſt collation he gave us, (ſays he,) we head. Its bulk may be judged of by its eggs, of
« obſerved with ſome ſurprize, that all the wild which ſhe had lain fourteen fince ſhe came to
England,

96
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
an
England, ſeveral of which are now to be ſeen, phonſo de Levya ; the duke of Medina com-
each weighing upwards of five pounds, and when manded the center ; and Juan Martinez de Ria
firſt laid weighed above fix.
caldo in the rear.
It had a pretty large warm room to live in, The lord high admiral of England in his own
which was often cleaned, and the ſtraw therein ſhip, called the Ark Royal, ſeconded by the reſt
ſhified, otherwiſe it would have died ſooner; for of his ſquadron, fell upon Levya's diviſion,
the climate of this country ſeems by no means and a terrible engagement enſued; but Drake,
fitted to its tender nature, tho' by its large bones, Hawkins, and Forbiſher, mutually ſupporting
and vaſt bulk, it appeared to be very ſtrong. each other where the danger was greateſt, and
There was ſome time ago a couple of theſe birds, taking the advantage of the enemy where they
but one died before the other, by ſwallowing a obſerved them weakeſt, put their rear into diſor-
large nail chat ſtopt its paſſage.
der, and forced them upon the center, which
The vulgar error; that the oſtrich can digeſt occafioned ſome confuſion, but night coming on,
iron, has been long Gnce exploded : for in the obliged both parties to lie by; and the Engliſh
year 1659, the Morocco ambaſſador to the ſtates
being ill provided with ammunition and ſtores,
general, among other rarities, having brought over were in no haſte to renew the engagement; well
to Holland an oſtrich, as a preſent, it died ac knowing that every day would weaken their ad-
Amſterdam in a few days, by ſwallowing iron verſaries, and increaſe their own ſtrength.
nails, which the populace threw to it, upon a pre Accordingly, the very night after the firſt en-
ſumption that it could digeſt them like other gagement, one of the ſhips of the line, by ſome
food; but the oſtrich being opened, about eighty accident or other, blew up, and the fire from
nails were found entire in its ſtomach.
her communicating itſelf to the ſhip whereof
All the creatures that are here ſhewn are regu Don Pedro, de Valdez was captain, ſhe fell ar
larly fed with food proper for them, and attended eaſy prize to admiral Drake, who ſent her into
with the greateſt care. This takes off much of Dartmouch. This was looked upon as a favour-
their favage nature, and makes them tame and able omen of a compleat victory.
ſubmiſſive, and perhaps contributed not a little to Two whole days, however, were ſpent in re-
diſappoint the expectations of king James I. paring the damages ſuſtained on both ſides, in
when he made trial of the fierce nature of a lion; which time the Engliſh were reinforced from the
for that prince having ordered a lion to be put || neighbouring forts, with men, ammunition and
out of his den, and a bear to be put to him; the ſhips, which enabled them on the twenty-third,
lion refuſed to attack the bear; they tried another, after ſome time ſpent in ſtriving to gain the wind,
and at length two together, but in vain; the to fight the enemy on more equal terms than in
lions diſcovered plain ſymptons of fear, by mak the preceding engagement, and having gained
ing to their dens : ſuch were the effects of their point, fell upon Ricaldo's ſquadron with
indolence and high feeding, upon animals the their whole force, and would certainly have de-
moſt remarkable of any for courage and fe ſtroyed it, had not the Spaniſh adıniral made a
rocity.
moſt vigorous defence.
The fight then became general, and the Eng-
Account of the ſpoils of the SPANISH ARMADA. lith managed their ſhips with ſo much eaſe and
dexterity, that the unweildy Spaniards, who lay
AVING entered the great gate of the like hulks in a dead calm, could make but little
Tower, one of the warders will attend uſe of their ſuperior ſtrength, orders having been
you, and carry you in a regular order to given by the Engliſh commander in chief, to
ſeveral places where the curioſities are ſhewn; the avoid by all means a cloſe engagement; by which,
firſt of which is ſituated to the ſouthward of the as the enemy's ſhips were full of men, a great
White Tower, and in it are repoſited the ſpoils of Naughter was made of them without ſuffering in
the Invincible Armada, as it was ſtiled by Philip return any confiderable loſs.
II. of Spain, in order to perpetuate to lateſt pofte In this manner, a ſort of running fight was
rity, the memory of that ſignal victory obtained maintained for two days, with no deciſive advan-
by the Engliſh, over the whole naval power of tage on either ſide, except what aroſe from the
Spain, which will ever make the reign of queen diſproportion of the numbers Nain.
Elizabeth glorious in the Britiſh annals.
It will not be improper to obſerve, that ac-
This Armada, when it rendezvouſed in the cording to the original plan of this invaſion, the
Groyne, under the command of the duke of Spaniſh admiral was to have been joined in
Medina Sidonia, conſiſted of 132 ſhips, including the Britiſh channel by the duke of Parma, wich
tranſports, on board of which were embarked a body of thirty thouſand land forces from the
19290 foldiers, 8350 failors, 2080 gally ſlaves, || Spaniſh Netherlands; but ſeeing no appearance
and 2630 pieces of cannon, which at that time of of their arrival, he had diſpatch'd expreſs after
day, when ſhips of 1200 tons carried hardly fixty | expreſs to haften their embarkation; and at
pieces of ordnance, was a prodigious force. length ſet ſail himſelf to the ſtreights of Calais
On the twenty-firſt of July 1588, this formida to facilitate their junction.
ble fleet appeared off Plymouth, and was met This motion had been foreſeen, and a ftrong
there by the Engliſh under the command of lord" || ſquadron of forty ſail under lord Henry Seymour,
Effingham, lord high admiral ; Drake, Hawkins, and Sir William Winter, were properly ſtationed,
and Forbiſher ; when both feets immediately as well to block up the ports from whence thoſe
formed the line of battle.
ſuccours were to embark, as to watch the future
The van of the Spaniſh fleet was led by Al motions of the Spaniſh admiral,
H Η
This

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
97
This was a noble ſtroke of policy, and was wrecks; and the flower of the Engliſh nobility,
foon followed by another that ruin'd their whole who had waited on the ſhore for the event of this
project, and put an end to the great conſter engagement, ſeeing all fears over from the Spa-
mation, that had overſpread the whole nation niards landing, flocked on board the ſhips, which
on the firſt appearance of ſo prodigious a naval were now encreaſed to the number of 150 ſail, to
force.
be ſharers in the glory of delivering their coun-
As as the lord high admiral diſcovered try from ſlavery and papal tyranny.
what courſe the Spaniards had ſteered, a council In vain did the duke of Medina, in this la-
of war was immediately called, wherein it was mentable diſtreſs, endeavour to regain the Britiſh
reſolved not to loſe a moment in purſuing them ; channel; winds, as well as waves, fought againſt
on this occaſion admiral Drake, whoſe preſence of him, and drove him on the coaſt of Zealand,
mind never failed him on the moſt preſſing where he muſt have periſhed without any other
emergencies, bethought himſelf of an expedient || enemies than tides, ſhelves, rocks, and ſands, had
to diſtreſs the enemy, without riſquing the queen's not providence reſerved him to experience ſtill
ſhips in ſo unequal a conflict.
farther misfortunes.
Having communicated his ſcheme to the com The Engliſh, well knowing that they muſt in-
mander in chief, it was reſolved to put it in exe evitably ſhare in one common deſtruction if they
cucion, and the rather as the contrivance was new, purſued, prudently gave over the chace; and the
and conſequently unſuſpected.
duke having now no other views than thoſe of
Hereupon, eight old and ſhattered ſhips were ſelf-preſervation, (the wind chopping about in the
haſtily fitted up, and filled with all ſorts of com very inſtant of his greateſt danger) called a coun-
buſtibles ; and when the fleec came up with the cil of war, in which it was reſolved to fail for
enemy, who lay at anchor off Calais waiting for Spain by the northern paſſage.
the duke of Parma, thoſe ſhips were fecretly Having taken this reſolution, they weighed
diſpatched in the night, with proper inſtructions anchor, but a ſtorm aroſe that croſſed their hopes
to their reſpective captains, to grapple at proper for a while, and left them once more at the mercy
diſtances, where the enemy were cloſeſt in the line, of the Engliſh, who judging of their deſign,
obſerving always to keep the wind; and when || purſued them beyond the Firth of Edinburgh,
their ſhips were thus properly ſtationed, to ſet || though with no other advantage than that of
them on fire, and then bring off their men. weakening their crippled ſhips ſtill-more, and
This was executed under the direction of the cap- || thereby expoſing them to the fury of the firſt
tains Prowſe and Young, with all imaginable ſuc tempeſt that happened, which afterwards proved
čeſs; for while the Spaniards, thinking themſelves their total deſtruction.
ſurpriſed, were preparing for an unexpected at In the ſeveral engagements on the Britiſh coaſt,
tack, the captains of the fire-ſhips did their bu fifteen of their ſtouteſt ſhips, beſides tranſports,
fineſs, and in little more than an hour, the whole were either deſtroyed or taken: on the coaſt of
ocean ſeemed on fire, as if to devour what ſhe Ireland ſome were ſunk, fome daſhed to pieces
could not fwallow up, of that preſumptuous Ar againſt the rocks, ſome run on ſands, and ſome
mada, which had braved the majeſty of heaven, were burnt by the Spaniards themſelves.
been bleſſed by the pope, and pronounced invin Between the rivers of Lochfoille and Loch-
cible.
ſwille, on the north coaſt, nine were ſtranded,
Now nothing but horror, confuſion, and hurry and the crews forced to ſeek for ſuccour among
enſued; ſome were on fire, ſome fell foul of the wild Iriſh. In the bay of Calbeggy, three
others, ſome cut their cables, and drove on ſhore; more run upon rocks, and moſt of the men pea
and had it not been for the calmneſs of the duke riſhed.
of Medina, their whole fleet had that night periſh In the bay of Barreys, a large ſhip of 1000
ed with their hopes: but this nobleman ſeeing tons, and fifty four fine braſs cannon, was funk,
the danger, and penetrating the cauſe, ordered and all on board periſhed, except fixteen, who, by
his ficet
to ſeparate, every one ſhifting for him- | their apparel, ſeemed perſons of great diſtinction.
ſelf, and to rendezvous next morning at Grave On the coaſt of Thommond two fhips more pe-
ling: though theſe were the fagett orders that riſhed, one whereof they fired; the other was
could have been iſſued in the preſent dilemma, of St. Sebaſtiana, and had 300 men on board,
the Engliſh reaped from the conſequences all 240 of whom were drowned. Before Sir Tirlogh
the advantage they could have wiſhed: it furniſh Obrione's houſe, another great ſhip was loſt,
ed them with an opportunity of attacking their ſuppoſed to be a Galleas.
huge ſhips fingly, with what force they thought In a word, from the twenty-firſt of July, when
proper; and of coming to a general engagement, this vaunting Armada was firſt beaten by the
before the Spaniards were recovered from the Engliſh, until the tenth of September following,
dreadful panic with which they were ſtruck. when che ſhattered remains of it paſſed the Iriſh
Drake and Forbiſher, experienced ſea-officers coaſt, it appears that it had never had one good
as ever the world produced, well knew how to day or night; ſo that of 132 ſhips that arrived in
improve this critical turn of fortune in their the Britiſh channel, ſcarce 70 of them returned
favour, and reſolutely attacked the duke of home again, and of 30,000 ſouls on board, up-
Medina's own ſquadron before it could be half wards of 20,000 were either killed, or drowned,
formed, and made terrible havock, while the or remained priſoners in England.
Such was the
other commanders were as vigilant in ſeeking out fate of a fleet which had been denominated Ad
the ſcattered remains of Levya's and Ricaldo's : thought Invincible !
in a word, che fea feem'd to be covered with
9
Bb
Tbe
yet

98
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
The following is a catalogue of the reliques that are race of the Danes out of his dominions, at once,
preſerved bere of this memorable viétory, so glo- ſparing neither man, woman nor child; which
rious for our country, together with ſome other orders were ſo punctually obeyed, that only about
curioſities of the like kind.
ſixteen who got on board a fhip eſcaped; but
theſe alarming their countrymen, they afterwards
1. The common ſoldiers pikes 18 feet long, returned, and ſeverely revenged the death of
pointed with long ſharp ſpikes, and ſhod with their countrymen.
iron, which were deſigned to keep off the horſe, 8. The Spaniſh cravats, as they are called ;
to facilitate the landing of the infantry.
theſe are engines of torture, made of iron, and
2. The Spaniſh officers lances, finely engraven; put on board to lock together the feet, arms and
theſe were formerly gilt, but the gilding is now heads of Engliſh hereticks.
almoſt worn off with cleaning. There is a ſtory 9. Spaniſh bilboes, made of iron likewiſe, to
current concerning theſe, that when Don Pedro yoke the Engliſh priſoners two and two.
de Valdez, already mentioned, paſſed his exami 10. Spaniſh ſhot, which are of four forts;
nation before lord Burleigh, he told his lord'hip, ſpike-ſhot, ſtar-ſhot, chain-ſhot, and link-ſhot,
that thoſe fine poliſhed lances were put on board all admirably contrived, as well for the deſtruc-
to bleed the Engliſh with ; to which chat noble tion of the maſts and rigging of ſhips, as for
man replied jokingly, that, if he were not mif ſweeping the decks of their men. But ſome attri-
taken, the Engliſh had performed that operation bute the invention of theſe to admiral Drake, to
better, on their good friends the Spaniards, with be employed againſt the Spaniards.
worſe inſtruments,
11. Spaniſh ſpadas poiſoned at the points, ſo
3. The Spaniſh ranceurs, made in different that if a man received but ever ſo night a wound
forms, which were intended either to kill the men with one of thoſe, certain death was the confe-
on horſeback, or pull them off their horſes. At quence.
the back is a ſpike, with which they tell you, they 12. Spaniſh halberts, or ſpears, ſome whereof
were to pick the roaſt beef out of the Engliſhmen's are curiouſly engraven, and inlaid with gold.
teeth. On one of them is a piece of ſilver coin, 13. The axe, with which queen Anne Boleyn
which they intended to make current: on it are (mother of queen Elizabeth) was beheaded. This
three heads, ſuppoſed to be the pope's, Philip II's was performed May 19, 1536, a little before
and queen Mary's.
noon, by an executioner ſent for on purpoſe from
This is a curiofity that moſt Spaniards come to Calais. At the time of her death he was not
fee.
30 years of age, and fell a ſacrifice to the jealouſy,
4. An uncommon piece of arms, being a piſtol or rather the caprice of Henry VIII. to whom
in a ſhield, fo contrived as to fire the piſtol, and ſhe was lawfully married. The earl of Eflex
cover the body at the ſame time with the ſhield. (queen Elizabeth's favourite) was likewiſe be-
It is to be fired by a match-lock, and the fight headed with the ſame axe.
of the enemy is to be taken through a little grate 14. A Spaniſh poll-axe, uſed in boarding of
in the ſhield, which is piſtol proof.
ſhips.
5. A fmall train of ten pieces of pretty little 15. Thumb fcrews, of which there were feve-
cannon, neatly mounted on proper carriages, be ral cheſts full on board the Spaniſh fleet. The
ing a preſent from the foundery of London to uſe they were intended for is ſaid to have been to
king Charles I. when a child, to practiſe the art extort confeſſion from the Engliſh where their
of gunnery with. Theſe, though no part of the money was hid, had that cruel people prevailed.
Spaniſh ſpoils, are nevertheleſs a great, curioſity. Certain it is, that after the defeat, the whole con-
6. The banner, with a crucifix upon it, which verſation of the court turned upon the diſcove-
was to have been carried before the Spaniſh gene ries made by the Spaniſh priſoners of the racks,
ral. On it is engraved the pope's benediction the wheels, and the whips of wire, with which
before the Spaniſh fleet failed: for the pope they were to ſcourge the Engliſh of
came to the water fide, and on ſeeing the fleet, and age, and of both ſexes. The moſt noted
blefſed it, and, as has been ſaid, ſtiled it INVIN hereticks were to be put to death ; thoſe that
ſurvived were to be branded on the forehead with
7. Daniſh and Saxon clubs, which weapons
a hot iron; and the whole form of government
thoſe people jointly are ſaid to have uſed in the both in church and ſtate was to be overturned.
conqueſt of England; and are, perhaps, curio 16. The Spaniſh morning-ſtar; a deſtructive
fities of the greateſt antiquity of any in the Tower, engine reſembling the figure of a ftar, of which
having lain there 850 years. The warders call there were many thouſands on board, and all of
them the Women's Weapons, becauſe, ſay they, them with poiſoned points : and were deſigned to
the Britiſh women made prize of them, when in ſtrike at the enemy as they came on board in caſe
one night they all conſpired together, and cut the of a cloſe attack.
throats of 35,000 Danes, the greateſt piece of 17. The Spaniſh general's halbert, covered
ſecrecy the Engliſh women ever kept, for which with velvet. All the nails of this weapon are
they have ever ſince been honoured with the right || double gilt with gold : and on its top is the
hand of the man, and the upper end of the table. pope's head, curiouſly engraved.
Indeed in 1002, a prodigious ſlaughter was made 18. A Spaniſh battle-axe, fo contrived as to
of the Danes, on the feaſt of St. Brice, not by ſtrike four holes in a man's ſkull at once; and has
the hecret conſpiracy of the women alone, but by beſides a piſtol in its handle with a match lock.
the private orders of Ethelred II. who command 19. King Henry the VIII's walking-ſtaff, which
ed his officers on that day to extirpate the whole has three match-Lock piſtols in it, with coverings
every rank
CIBLE.
to

HISTORÝ and SURVÊT of LONDÔ N.
99
of
A
to keep the charges dry. With this ſtaff the war of which was brought from Italy, by Sir Thomas
ders tell you, the king walked round the city | Lombe, and firſt erected at Derby at his own ex-
ſometimes, to ſee that the conftables did their pence, for making organzine or thrown filk.
duty; and one night as he was walking near the This ingenious gentleman made two attempts,
bridge-foot, the conſtable ſtopt him to know what at the hazard of his life, for the completing of
he did with ſuch an unlucky weapon at that time this machine, which by means of a friar he at
of the night ; upon which the king ſtruck him ; length effected; and having obtained the ſanction
but the conſtable calling the watchmen to his aſ of an act of parliament, in the year 1742, by
fiftance, his majeſty was apprehended and carried which 14,000 pounds were granted to his majeſty,
to the Poultry-Compter, where he lay confined to be paid to him as a reward for his eminent
till morning, without either fire or candle: when ſervice in diſcovering and introducing the ſaid
the keeper was informed of the rank of his pri- | machine, he finally completed it, and brought it
ſoner, he diſpatched a meſſenger to the conſtable, into uſe. The following is a brief account of it
who came crembling with fear, expecting nothing but no words can deſcribe the beautiful ſtructure
leſs than to be hanged, drawn and quartered ; of it.
but inftead of that, the king applauded his refo It contains 26,586 wheels, and 97,746 novem
lution in honeſtly doing his dury, and made him ments, which work 93,726 yards of filk thread
a handſome preſent. At the ſame time, he ſettled every time the water wheel goes round, which is
upon St. Magnus pariſh an annual grant of 231. thrice in one minute, and 318,504,960 yards in
and a mark; and made a proviſion for furniſhing twenty four hours. One water wheel gives mo-
30 chaldron of coals, and a large allowance of tion to the reſt of the wheels and movements, of
bread annually for ever, toward the comfortable which any one may be ſtopt ſeperately. One fire
relief of his fellow priſoners and their ſucceſſors, engine conveys warm air to every individual
part
which is paid them to this day, if the account of the machine, and one regulator governs the
given by the wardens may be relied on.
whole work. The above model will make exam-
20. A large wooden cannon called Policy, be ple amends to the curious for the trouble of in-
cauſe, (ſay your guides,) when Henry VIII. be ſpecting it.
fieged Bologne, the roads being impaſſable for
heavy cannon, he cauſed a number of theſe
Of the SMALL ARMORY.
wooden ones to be made and mounted on proper
batteries before the town, as if real cannon, Small folding door adjoining to the eaſt-end
which ſo terrified the French commandant, that of the Tower-chapel, the aſcent to which
when he beheld a formidable train, as he thought is by a grand ſtair-caſe of fifty eaſy ſteps, conducts
juſt ready to play, he gave up the town without the ſpectator to this curiofity.
firing a ſhot.-The truth is, the duke of Suffolk, On the left ſide of the uppermoſt landing-place
who commanded at this fiege under the king, is the work-ſhop, wherein are conſtantly employed
foon made himſelf maſter of the lower town; but about fourteen furbiſhers, in cleaning, repairing,
it was not till ſeven weeks afterwards that the and new-placing the arms. When you enter the
upper town capitulated, in which time the Eng armory itſelf, you will fee, what they call a wil-
liſh ſuſtained great loſs in poſſeſſing themſelves of derneſs of arms, fo artificially diſpoſed, and ſo
the Braye; after which ſpringing ſome mines with || admirably ranged, that at one view, you behold
good ſucceſs, and the garriſon loſing Philip Corſe, arms for near 80,000 men, all bright and ſhining,
their beſt officer, at length ſurrendered on honour and fit for ſervice at a moment's warning; a fight
able terms. The lower town was taken July 25, that none ever beheld without aſtoniſhment,
1544, and the upper town ſurrendered Septem and is not to be matched perhaps in the world.
ber 14, in the fame year.
Beſides thoſe expoſed to public view, there are
21. The laſt thing they fhew of theſe memo ſixteen cheſts ſhut up, each cheſt holding about
rable ſpoils, is the Spaniſh general's ſhield, not 1200 muſquets. Of the diſpoſition of the arms,
worn by, but carried before him as an enſign of deſcription can convey no adequate idea; but to
honour. On it are depicted, in moſt curious aſſiſt the ſpectator to view it to advantage, and
workmanſhip, the labours of Hercules, and to help him to retain the remembrance of what
other expreſſive allegories, which ſeem to throw he fees, we have given the following parti-
a ſhade upon the boafted ſkill of modern artiſts. culars.
The date is 1370, near 100 years before the art of The north and fouth walls are adorned with
printing was known in England.
fixteen pilaſters (on each ſide eight) of pikes fix-
The inſcription upon it is as follows in Roman teen feet long, with capitals of piſtols in the
characters, tolerably engraven : ADVLTERIO Corinthian order.
DEIANIRA CONSPVRCAN SOCCIDITVR At the weſt end, on the left hand as you enter,
CACVS AB HERCVL. OPPRIMITVR 1376. are two curious pyramids, compofed of piſtols,
Alluding to the killing of Cacus by Hercules, ſtanding upon crowns, globes, fcepters, finely
for adultery with his wife Deianira.
carved and placed upon a pedeſtal five feet high.
22. Some weapons made with the part of a At the eaſt or farther end, in the oppoſite corner,
fcythe fixed on a pole, which were taken from the are two ſuits of armour, one made for Henry V.
duke of Monmouth's party from the battle of the other for Henry VI. over each of which is a
Sedgemore in the reign of James II.
ſemicircle of piſtols ; between theſe is repreſent-
23. The partiſans that were carried at the fu ed the figure of an organ, the large pipes com-
neral of king William III.
poſed of braſs blunder-buſſes, the ſmall of piſ-
24. But what is moſt curious of all, is a perfect tols; on one fide of this figure is the reprefenta-
model of that moſt admirable machine, the idea tion of a fiery ſerpent, the head and tail of carv-
ed

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
are,
onets.
ed work, and the body of piſtols, winding round is a grand figure of a lofty organ, ten ranges
in the form of a ſnake ; and on the other a hydra, | high, in which are contained upwards of 2000
or feven headed monſter, whoſe heads are very pair of piſtols.
artificially combined by links of piſtols.
12. On the ſouth-fide, as you return, the firſt
The inter-columns which compoſe the wilder figure that attracts attention, is that of Jupiter
neſs, round which you are carried by your guides, || riding in a fiery charior drawn by eagles, as if in
the clouds, holding a thunder-bolt in his left
1. Some arms taken at Bath in the year 1715. band, and over his head is a rainbow: this figure
Theſe are diſtinguiſhed from all others in the is finely carved, and decorated with bayonets.
Tower, by having what they call dog-locks, 13. King Henry V. the greateſt conqueror in
which kind of locks have a ketch to ſecure them his time.
from going off at a half cock.
14. King Henry VI. his fon.
2. Bayonets and piſtols put up in the form of
half moons and fans with the imitation of a tar The figures on this ſide anſwer pretty nearly to
get in the center, made up of bayonet-blades : thoſe on the others; and therefore need no farther
theſe bayonets, of which you will obſerve ſeveral deſcription till you come again to the centre;
other fans compoſed, are of the firſt invention, where, on each ſide the door leading to the balcony,
having plug-handles, which go into the muzzle
you will ſee,
of a gun, inſtead of over it, and thereby prevent
the firing of the piece without ſhooting away the 15. A fine repreſentation, in carved work, of
bayonet. Theſe were invented at Bayonne in the ſtar and garter, thiſtle, roſe and crown, or-
Spain, from whence they take their name.
namented with piſtols, &c. and very elegantly
3. Braſs blunderbuſſes for ſea-ſervice, with
enriched with birds and other creatures.
capitals of piſtols over them; the waves of 16. The arms taken from Sir William Per-
the ſea are here repreſented in old faſhion bay- | kins, Sir John Friend, Charnock, and others
concerned in the aſſaſſination plot, in 1696,
4. Bayonets and ſword-bayonets, in the form among which they ſhew the yery blunderbuſs with
of half-moons and fans, and ſet in ſcollop-ſhells which they intended to ſhoot king William near
finely carved: the ſword bayonet is made like the Turnham Green, in his way to Hampton-Court ;
old bayonet with a plug handle, only different alſo the carbine with which Charnock undertook
from it by being of a greater length.
to ſhoot that monarch as he rode a hunting.
5. The riſing ſun irradiated with rays of piſtols 17. Laſtly, you are ſhewn the Highlander's
fet in a chequered frame of marine hangers of arms, taken in 1715, particularly the earl of
a peculiar make, having braſs handles, and the Mar's fine piece, exquiſitely wrought, and inlaid
form of a dog's head on their pummels. with mother of pearl; alſo a Highland broad-
6. Four beautiful cwiſted pillars, inade with ſword, with which a Highlander ſtruck general
piftols up to the top, which is about twenty-two
Evans over the head, and at one blow cut him
feet high, and placed at right angles, with the thro’his hat, wig, and iron ſcull-cap; on which that
form of a falling ſtar on the ceiling
exactly in the general is faid to have ſhot him dead; but others
middle of them, being the centre of this magni fay he was taken priſoner, and generouſly forgiven
ficent roon.
for his bravery. Here is alſo the ſword of juſtice
Into this place opens the grand ſtair-cafe door, (having a ſharp point) the ſword of mercy (hav-
for the admiſſion of the royal family, or any of ing a blunt point) carried before the pretender
the nobility, whoſe curiofity may lead them to when proclaimed in Scotland 1715; ſome of the
view the armory; oppoſite to which opens another Highlander's piſtols, the barrels and ſtocks being
door into the balcony, that affords a fine proſpect all iron; alſo a Highlander's loughabor ax, with
of the parade, the governor's houſe, the ſur which it is ſaid colonel Gardener was killed at the
veyor-general's, ſtore-keepers, and the other ge battle of Preſton-Pans.
neral officers houſes in the Tower.
A curious ſpectator will diſcover a thouſand pe-
This grand entrance has been newly orna culiarities in the diſpoſition of fo vaft a variety of
mented ; the capitals, irradiations, and heads of arms, which no deſcription can reach; and there-
Julius and Auguſtus Cæfar, are all finely gilt ; fore it is fit that every one who has a taſte for the
and the whole armory neatly cleaned and painted, admirable combinations of art, ſhould gratify that
and newly fitted up in a moſt elegant manner. darling paſſion with the light of a curioſity which
7. The form of a pair of large folding-gates, is not equalled by any of its kind in the univerſe.
made of ſerjeants halberts of antique form.
8. Horſemens carbines, blunderbuſſes, and Account of the Royal TRAIN of ARTILLERY.
piſtols, hanging very artificially in furbelows and
flounces.
TNDER the fmall armory, on a ground floor
9. Meduſa's head, commonly called the witch of equal dimenſions, is the royal train of
of Endor, within three regular ellipſes of piſtols, || artillery, which one cannot view without a kind
with ſnakes repreſented ſtinging her. The fea of awful dread. To ſee ſo many and ſuch various
tures are finely carved, and the whole figure con engines of deſtruction, before whoſe dreadful
trived with curious art.-This figure is the laſt thunder, churches, palaces, pompous edifices,
on the north fide.
the nobleſt works of human genius, fall together
10. The figure of a hydra, or ſeven-headed in one common and undiſtinguiſhed ruin; one
monſter, very curiouſly wreathed.
cannot reflect upon this, without wiſhing that
11. Facing the caſt wall, as you turn round, the horrible invention had ftill lain like a falſe
conception
was kan
UN
SCO

HIS TORY and SURVÉŽ of L ONDON.
hof
5500
conception in the womb of nature, never to have 8. A parcel of cannon of a new invention, from
been ripened into birth.
6 to 24 pounders. Their ſuperior excellence con-
At your entrance you are ſhewn two copper fifts firſt, in their lightneſs; the 24 pounders
cannon, three pounders, on wheels, which were weighing not quite 1700 weight, whereas formet-
taken from the gate of the governor's houſe at ly they weighed 5000, the reſt are in proportion ;
Quebec.
and 2dly, in the contrivance for levelling them,
You are then ſhewn two mortars, and upwards which is by a ſcrew, inſtead of beds and coins.
of twenty fine pieces of cannon, lately taken This new method is more expeditious, and ſaves
from the French at Cherbourg. Their deſcrip two men to a gun, and is ſaid to be the invention
tion, date, and weight, are as follows :
of his late royal highneſs the duke of Cumber-
Two MORTARS, both inſcriptions alike. land.
Date when made.
Weight. 9. Braſs mortars 13 inches diameter, which
1684
2840 throw a ſhell of 300 weight; with a number of
Kelleri Helvetii fecit Duaci.
lefſer mortars and ſhells in proportion.
- Kellerius Helvetius made it at Douay." 10. A carcaſe, which they fill ac fieges with
Non Solis radios, fed Jovis fulmina. pitch, tar, and other combuſtibles, to ſet towns
“ Not the rays of the fun, but Jupiter's thunder" on fire; it is thrown out of an 18 inch mortar,
The CANNON.
and will burn two hours where it happens to fall.
1709 Hecube. Hecuba
4090 II. A Spaniſh mortar of 12 inches diameter;
Inſc. Ultima Ratio Regum Louis Charles de taken on board a ſhip in the Weſt-Indies.
Bourbon, Comte D'Eu, Due Dumale.
12. Six French pieces of cannon, 6 pouriders,
The ultimate reaſon of kings, Louis Charles taken from the rebels at the battle of Culloden,
of Bourbon, earl D'Eu, duke of Dumale. April 16, 1746. This battle laſted but 35 mia
Pluribus nec impar. Beren. Donicourt fec. nutes, but the ſlaughter was ſo great, that 3000
A match for many. Berenger Donicourt maker. rebels fell on the ſpot; it is ſaid that lord King-
1739 Nitrocris. The Splendor; ſpiked up. 4080 ſton's horſe killed 10 or 12 of them a piece in the
Inſcription as the former.
purſuit.
3730 L'Emerillion. The Merlin.
5320 13. A beautiful piece of ordnance, made for
1748 Le Temeraire. The Raſh
5980 || king Charles I. when prince of Wales. It is finely
1748 Auguſte, The Auguſtus; ſpiked up. 5770 ornamented with ſeveral emblematical devices,
1748 Antonin. The Anthony; ſpiked up: 5740 among which is an eagle throwing a thunderbolt
1748 L’Inſenſible. The Inſenſible; ſpiked. 5660 in the clouds.
1741 Le Malefaiſant, The Miſchievous,
14. A train of field-pieces, called the gallop:
Spiked up.
ing train, carrying a ball of one pound and half
1750 Le Vanqueur. The conqueror; ſp. 5670 each.
1732 Le Juſte. The Juſt; ſpiked up. 5499 15. A deſtroying engine that throws 30 hand
1730 La Divinnereſſe. The conjuror.
400O
granadoes at once, and is fired by a train.
1745 L’Imperieuſe. The Imperious ; ſpik. 4160 16. A moſt curious braſs cannon made for
1744 La Furieuſe. The Furious.
prince Henry, eldeſt ſon of king James I. the
1744 La Violente. The violent; ſpiked. 4150 ornamenting whereof is ſaid to have coſt zool.
1719 La Sage. The Wiſe.
It is inſcribed with the makers names, Thomas
1720 La Moreſque. The Blackmore. 3080 and Richard Pitt, 1608, who no doubt were proud
1751 La Diligence. The Diligence ſpiked. 3960 of the performance, which is indeed a very ex-
1751 La Laborieux. The Laborious ; ſpik. 3320 quiſite one.
1751 Le Renomme. The renown ; ſpiked. 3367 17. A piece with ſeven botes, for throwing ſo
1742 Le Foudroyant. The dreadful; fpi. 3310 many bullets at once; and another with three,
1742 L'Ulysſe The Ulyſſes.
2353 made as early as the reign of king Henry VIII:
2. Two large pieces of cannon employed by 18. The drum-major's chariot of ſtate with
admiral Vernon before Carthagena; they have the kettle drums placed; it is drawn by four
each a large ſcale driven out of their muzzles by white horſes at the head of the train, when upon
balls from the caſtle of Bocca Chica.
a march.
3. Two carved pieces, of excellent workman 19. Two French field-pieces, taken at the bat-
fhip, preſented by the city of London to the tle of Hochſtadt, in 1704, in which the French
young duke of Glouceſter, queen Anne's ſon, to had 12,000 men killed, 5000 wounded, and more
teach him the military art.
than 20,000 taken priſoners.
4. Four ſmall mortars in miniature, for throw 20. An iron cannon of the firſt invention, bes
ing hand-granadoes ; the invention of colonel ing bars of iron hammered together, and hooped
Brown. They are fired with a lock like a com from top to bottom with iron hoops, to prevent
mon gun; but have not been introduced into its burſting. It has no carriage, but was to be
practice.
moved from place to place by means of ſix rings
5. Two fine braſs cannon taken from the fixed to it at proper diſtances.
walls of Vigo by the late lord Cobham, in 1704. 21. A huge mortar, weighing upwards of 6000
Their breeches repreſent lions couchant, with the weight, and throwing a ſhell of 500 weight two
effigy of St. Barbara, to whom they were de miles: this mortar was fired fo often againſt Na-
dicated.
mur in king William's time, that the very touch-
6. A petard for the burſting open the gates of hole is melted for want of giving it time to cool.
cities or caſtles.
This fiege is one of the moſt remarkable that is
7. A large train of fine braſs battering can recorded in hiſtory. The place was thought to
non, 24 pounders never yet uſed.
be impregnable, and yet taken from a compleat
army
4160
4346
9
С с

102
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
army within, headed by a marſhal of France, in of which were in uſe in the laſt war; but the on-
the light of 100,000 men without, that came to ly one that uſed to be ſhewn as a curioſity, hangs
relieve it. Lord Cutts commanded the Engliſh | upon a beam on the left-hand as you paſs through
at the general aſſault of the caſtle, where he ac the entry; it has had the lower edge of the left
quired the name of the Engliſh falamander; ſide carried away by a Nant ſhot of a cannon ball;
ſcarce an officer or ſoldier in his corps came off and, as an old warder uſed to tell the ſtory, the
unhurt; the greateſt part fell in the action, which rim of the man's belly that wore it, and part of
was one of the moſt deſperate that ever was his bowels, were carried away at the ſame time;
fought.
notwithſtanding which, being put under the care
22. A fine twiſted braſs cannon, 12 feet long, of a ſkilful ſurgeon, the man recovered, and
made in the reign of Edward VI. called queen lived ten years afterwards.
Elizabeth's pocket piſtol, which your guides, by This ſtory the old warder conſtantly told to all
way of joke, will tell you ſhe uſed to wear on her ſtrangers, till his lare royal highneſs the prince of
right ſide when ſhe rode a hunting,
Wales coming to fee the curioſities in the Tower,
23. Two braſs cannon, three bores each, car and it falling to the old man's lot to attend his
rying ſix pounders, taken by the duke of Marl highneſs; when he came to his breaſt-plate, he
borough, at the battle of Ramillies. Here the repeated to him his accuſtomed tale: his royal
famous French houſhold troops, which had been highneſs liſtened to him with ſeeming pleaſure,
boaſted of as impenetrable, were totally defeated and when he had done, looking upon him with
and ruined. The French had 8000 men killed, a ſmile; and what, friend, ſays he, is there fo
and 6000 taken priſoners.
extraordinary in all this? I remember myſelf to
24. A mortar that throws nine ſhells at a time; have read in a book, of a ſoldier who had his
out of which the balloons were fired at the late head cleft in two ſo dexterouſly by the enemy,
fire-works.
that one half of it fell on one ſhoulder, and
25. A very curious braſs cannon, finely carved, the other half on the oppoſite ſhoulder; and
weight 52 c. 3 qrs. 181b. carrying 24 pounders, yet, on his comrade's clapping the two fides
with lord Ligonier's coat of arms upon it, and nicely together again, and binding them cloſe
the names of his majeſty's principal officers of with his handkerchief, the man did well, drank
ordnance.
his pot of ale at night, and ſcarcely recollected
Exclufive of thoſe above enumerated, there that ever he had been hurt.
are in this ſtore room a vaſt number of braſs can This ſimilar ſtory, ſo ſeafonably applied, put
non, all new; together with ſponges, ladles, ram all the company that attended his royal highneſs
mers, hand-ſpikes, wad-hooks, &c. wherewith into a violent laugh ; which ſo daſhed the old
the walls are lined all round; and under the ceil warder that he never had courage to tell his ſtory
ing there hangs on poles upwards of 4000 har- | again, ſo that the poor battered breaft-plate has
neſs for horſes, beſides men's harneſs, drag ropes, lain unnoticed ever ſince.
&c. This room, which is at leaſt 380 feet in We have already obſerved, that the breaſt-
length, 50 wide, and 24 high, has a paſſage in plates here laid up, were almoſt all in uſe in the
the middle 16 feet wide, on each ſide of which late war; but were not thought neceſſary at firſt,
the artillery are placed. In it are 20 pillars for till the want of them was felt at the battle of
ſupporting the ſmall armory above, all hung || Dettingen, when the black muſketeers of the
round with implements of war; and beſides the enemy being covered with their cuiraſſes, (the
trophies of ſtandards, colours, &c. taken from ſame piece of armour with the addition of a back
the enemy, it is now adorned with the tranſparent piece) pierced the very lines of our army, and
and well-coloured pictures brought hither from rode up undaunted to the muzzles of our guns,
the fire-works played off in the Green Park, on till being flanked by our foot, and ill ſupported
occaſion of the late peace.
by their own troops, they were forced to retreat,
though with an inconſiderable lofs, conſidering
Account of the HORSE ARMORY.
their
deſperate attempt.
'N this place the ſpectator is entertained with This plainly diſcovered the great uſe of breaſt-
a perfect repreſentation of thoſe illuſtrious plates, and orders were ſent to England for the
kings and heroes of our own nation, of whoſe immediate embarkation of all that were in the
gallant actions he has heard and read ſo much ; Tower fit for ſervice. In the wars of queen
all of them equipped and ſitting on horſeback, in Anne, there was the fanie omiffion, till the duke
the ſame bright and ſhining armour they were of Marlborough being convinced of the diſad-
uſed to wear at the very time when thoſe glorious vantage his horſe fought under againſt an enemy
deeds were performed, which will be for ever re entrenched, as it were, in iron ; fent lord Cadogan
membered to their honour.
over, who went himſelf to the Tower, and choſe
In aſcending the ſtair-caſe, juſt as you come to out as many breaſt and back-plates, as he could
the landing place, by caſting your eye inward, find for his purpoſe ; but the duke would not
you'll ſee the figure of a grenadier in his accoutre ſuffer the latter to be worn, being, as he ſaid,
ments, as if upon duty, with his piece reſting an uſeleſs incumbrance; for he was ſure his
upon his arm, which at firſt glance you will be men would never ſhew their backs to the enemy.
apt to miſtake for real life, ſo admirably has the Moſt of thoſe breaſt-plates are muſquet-proof;
painter diſcovered the excellence of his art in the they are quilted on the inſide, and ſo contrived
repreſentation of this centinel.
as to cover the whole trunk of the body, and
Having entered the room, you firſt behold a yet, by the manner of fixing them on, are very
great number of iron caps and breaft-plates, moſt little trouble to the wearer. There are likewiſe
IN
to

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
103
very armour he
to be ſeen here a great many curiaffes taken from armory had undoubtedly been made uſe of for
the French, out of a ſhip called the Holy Ghoft, this purpoſe ; and it is but lately that the caſtors
and marked Torras, which might poſſibly be the have been taken from their feet.
the name of the admiral.
5. A little fuit of armour made for king
What has been ſaid above is rather by way of Charles II. when he was prince of Wales, and
remark than deſcription. -When you en about ſeven or eight years of age, with a piece of
ter the room, your conductor directs you to armour for his horſe's head; the whole moſt cus
obſerve,
riouſly wrought and inlaid with ſilver.
1. The figures of the horſe and foot, on your 6. Lord Courcy's armour, who, as the warders
left hand, ſuppoſed to be drawn up in military tell you, was grand champion in Ireland, and, as
order to attend the kings on the other ſide of the a proof, ſhew you the very ſword he took from
houfe; theſe figures are as big as the life, have the champion of France, for which valiant action
lately been painted, and have a very noble ap he and all his ſucceſſors have the honour to wear
pearance.
their hats in the king's preſence; which privilege,
2. The large tilting lance of Charles Brandon, add they, is enjoyed by Lord Kinſale, as head of
duke of Suffolk, king Henry the VIIIth's gene that ancient and noble family, at this day.--It is
ral in France.---This nobleman excelled at the recorded indeed of this Courcy, that when a con-
then faſhionable diverſion of tilting, and engag ſpiracy was formed againſt him in Ireland, by his
ing king Henry VIII. who was likewiſe paſſion own ſervants, at the inftigation of Hugh de Lacy,
ately fond of that royal exerciſe, gave the king who was jealous of his power, though he was be-
ſuch a ſhock with his ſpear, that had like to have trayed at his devotions, he laid thirteen of the
coſt him his life.---The duke's valour had indeed conſpirators dead at his feet before he was over-
been fufficiently tried in France, when he attend powered. He was afterwards committed pri-
ed princeſs Mary of England on her marriage ſoner to the Tower of London, and it is not
with Lewis XIIth.--On this occaſion, Francis de unlikely that what is fhewn is the
Valois, preſumptive heir to the crown of France, brought with him to that priſon.
being willing to give ſome proof of his valour, 7. Real coats of mail called brigandine jackets:
cauſed jufts to be proclaimed; theſe jufts conti They conſiſt of ſmall bits of ſteel, ſo artfully
nued three days, in which 305 men at arms were quilted one over another as to refiſt the point of
anſwered by their defendants; of whom ſome were a fword, or even, we imagine, a muſket bullet,
ſo hurt, that they died ſoon after. Francis had and yet they are ſo flexible, that you may bend
choſen the duke and marquis of Dorſet two of his your body in them any way, as well as in ordinary
aids, and being hurt himſelf at firſt, deſired the cloathing.
duke and marquis to fight at barriers, who there 8. An Indian fuit of armour; ſent as a preſene
fore took the firſt place againſt all comers. In to king Charles II, from the great mogul: this
the mean time Francis, as was thought, intend is indeed a great curioſity : It is made of iron
ing an affront to the duke, cauſed a Ger- || quills about two inches long; finely japanned and
man, the ſtrongeſt about the court, to be armed ranged in rows, one row flipping over another
ſecretly, and to preſent himſelf: they both did very artificially; they are bound together with ſilk
well; yet the duke at laſt, with the but-end of twift very ſtrong: They are uſed in that country
his ſpear, ſtruck the German till he ſtaggered ; as a defence againſt darts and arrows poiſoned or
and then the rail was let fall: having breathed a unpoiſoned.
while, they renewed the fight, when the duke fo 9. A neat little fuit of armour, in which is a
mauled the German about the head, that the carved figure repreſenting Richard duke of York,
blood guſhed out of his noſe and ears, and then king Edward the IVth's youngeſt ſon, who, with
he was ſecretly conveyed away. Before this en his brother Edward V. were ſmothered in the
counter, the duke had likewiſe unhorſed a gentle Tower by order of Richard III, their uncle and
man at tilts, and hurt him prodigiouſly.
guardian. The manner of their deaths was this:
3. A complete fuit of tilting armour, ſuch as one Sir James Tyrrel, a ſtrong reſolute fellow,
the kings, nobility, and gentlemenat arms, uſed to having a commiſſion from the king for that pur-
exerciſe in on horſeback ; at which diverſion one poſe, and employing one Miles Forreft, a com-
of the kings of France is ſaid to have been killed mon ruffian, and John Deighton his own groom,
by a ſhiver of a ſpear ſtriking him in the eye. theſe two wretches, by night, entered the room
Likewiſe the tilting lance, the reſt for the tilting where the young princes, attended only by one
lance, with the grand guard and the ſits before ſervant, were confined, and while they ſlept,
the eye, through which they take the fight. ſmothered them in their bed-cloaths. After this,
4. A compleat ſuit of armour made for king i Tyrrel ordered them to be buried at the ſtair foot,
Henry VIII. when he was but eighteen years of deep under ground; where their bones were
age, rough from the hammer: 'tis at leaſt ſix feet found in the reign of king Charles II.
high, and the joints in the hands, arms, thighs, 10. The armour of the great John of Gaunt,
knees, and feet, play like the joints of a rattle duke of Lancaſter, who was the fon, father and
ſnake, and are moved with all the facility imagina uncle of a king, but was never king himſelf.
ble. The method of learning the exerciſe of tilt Dugdale ſays, that more kings and ſovereign
ing was upon wooden horſes ſet on caſtors, which, princes ſprang from his loins than from any king
by the ſway of the body, could be moved every in Chriſtendom. He was interred with Blanch, his
way; ſo that by frequent practice the rider could firſt wife, on the north ſide of the choir of the
fhift, parry, ſtrike, unhorſe, and recover with old cathedral church of St. Paul; and on his
ſurprizing dexterity. Some of the horſes in this monument hung his helmet and ſpear; as alſo
his

104
HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
cence.
his target covered with horn ; which precious re the death of queen Elizabeth, the kingdonis of
liques were unfortunately conſumed with that England and Scotland, which till then had been
ftately edifice itſelf, by the dreadful fire of Lon at continual wars, were united under one head.
don. The armour here ſhewn is ſeven feet high, He ſits on horſeback with a truncheon in his right
and the ſword and lance are of an enormous fize. hand, dreſſed in a complete ſuit of figured armour.
II. The droll figure of Will Somers, who He was born in 1566, mounted the Engliſh
was, as the warders tell you, king Henry the throne March 24, 1603, and died March 27,
VIIIth's jefter.
1625, after one of the moſt inglorious reigns of
- 12. A collar of torment, which, (ſay your con any recorded in the annals of this kingdom.
ductors) uſed formerly to be put about the wo 6. King Edward VI. the firſt proteſtant prince
mens necks, that cuckolded their huſbands, or that ever reigned in England (if Henry VIII. the
ſcolded at them when they came home late. father of the reformation be excepted.) He is ſaid
You are next ſhewn the line of kings, which, by fome to have been cut out of the belly of his
to follow the order of your conductor, we muſt mother lady Jane Seymour, but that queen lived
reverſe the order of their chronology, and deſcribe twelve days after her delivery. The memorable
the laſt firſt, as
acts of his reign are thoſe of charity and benifi-
1. His late majeſty king George I. in a com-
He gave to the citizens of London three
pleat ſuit of armour, ſitting with a truncheon in hoſpitals : to wit, that of Chriſt Church, for the
his hand on a white horſe, richly capariſoned, maintenance and education of poor citizens chil-
having a fine Turkey bridle gilt with gold, with dren; that of Bridewell, for breeding them up
a globe, creſcent, and ſtar; velvet furniture laced to trades : and that of St. Thomas, for healing
with gold, and gold trappings. This prince was the ſick and diſeaſed. He is dreſſed in a moſt
born in 1660, came to the crown on the death of curious ſuit of ſteel armour, whereon are depicted
queen Anne, Auguſt 1, 1714, and died June in different compartments, a vaſt variety of ſcrip-
II, 1727, on his journey to Hanover.
ture hiſtories, alluding to battles and other me-
2. The late king William III, dreſſed in the morable paſſages. He ſits on horſeback like the
very fuit of armour worn by Edward the Black reſt, with a truncheon in his right hand. He was
prince, ſon of Edward III. in the famous battle born October 12, 1537, proclaimed king Janu-
of Creffy, wherein the French loſt it princes, ary 31, 1548, and died July 6, 1553.
18 baronets, 1200 knights, 1500 gentlemen at 7, King Henry VIII. in his own proper ar-
arms, 4000 ſquires, who were mounted on horſe mour, being of poliſhed ſteel, the foliages whereof
back; and 30,000 common men. He is mount are gilt or inlaid with gold. In his right hand he
ed on a forrel horſe, whoſe furniture is green vel bears a ſword, but whether of cruelty or mercy,
vef embroidered with ſilver, and holds in his right will hardly, I think, admit a doubt. His reign
hand a flaming ſword. The battle of the Boyne, is marked with the divorce and murder of wives,
in Ireland, and the taking of Namur, are the the deſtruction of religious houſes and monafte-
only memorable victories of this warlike king; || ries, and by a defiance of all laws divine and hu-
who was born in 1650, aſcended the Britiſh throne
He was indeed an infamous villain ; and
on the abdication of king James II. his father-in yet to his vices we are in a great meaſure indebted
law, February 13, 1688, and died March 8, for the enjoyment of the reformed religion. He
1702., by a fall from his horſe.
was born June 28, 1491, ſucceeded his father
3. King Charles II. dreſſed in the armour that Henry VII, April 22, 1509, and died January
was worn by the champion of England at the co-
28, 1547
ronation of his late majeſty. There is nothing 8. Henry VII. who killed Richard III. in the
very memorable in this king's ſtory, but his ſuf memorable battle of Boſworth-Field, and by mar-
ferings, and his reſtoration to the crown after rying Elizabeth, eldeſt daughter of Edward IV.
twelve years baniſhment. He ſits with a truncheon united the two famous houſes of York and Lan-
in his hand on a fine horſe richly capariſoned with caſter, about whoſe claims to the throne a deluge
crimſon velvet laced with gold. He was born in of Engliſh blood had been poured forth. This
1630, ſucceeded to the throne on the death of prince holds likewiſe a ſword in his hand, and fits
his father Charles I. January 30th, 1649, and on horſeback in a complete ſuit of armour, finely
died February 6, 1684.
wrought and waſhed with ſilver. He was born
4. King Charles I. in a rich ſuit of his own in 1457, crowned October 30, 1485, and died
proper armour, gilt with gold and curiouſly || April 12, 1509,
wrought, preſented to him by the city of London 9. Edward V. who, with his brother Richard,
when he was prince of Wales; and in the ſame as has been ſaid, was fmothered in the Tower :
armour that was laid on the coffin at the funeral
he was proclaimed king, but never crowned ;
proceſſion of the late great duke of Marlborough; for which reaſon a crown is hung over his head :
on which occaſion à collar of SS’s was added to it, he is in a rich ſuit of armour finely decorated,
and is now round it.
and holds a lance in his right hand.
The civil wars in this prince's reign, and his 10. King Edward IV. father to the unhappy
untimely death, afford a very melancholy ſtory, || princes abovementioned : his reign is ſtained with
which will never be forgotten. He was born in blood and luſt; and though he was fortunate in
1600, ſucceeded his father king James I. March moſt of his battles, yet his victories were all at
27, 1625, and was beheaded in light of his own the expence of his own ſubjects. At the battle
palace gates, January 30, 1649.
of Townton 36,000 Engliſh are ſaid to have been
5. James I. of England and VIth of Scotland. killed ; and during his reign, Guthrie ſays no
By his ſucceeding to the throne of England, on leſs than 200,000 Engliſh loſt their lives in the
conteſt
man.

HISTORľ and SURVEř of LONDON
1og
conteſt between Henry of Lancaſter and this Ed and in a ſuit of plain bright armour, with two
ward of York. He was equally formed for love crowns on his ſword, alluding to the two kinyo
and war, and his gallantries with the citizens doms France and England, of both which he
wives, amongſt which was the famous Jane Shore; was crowned king, and was the firſt who quar-
are ſtill remembered with deteſtation. He is here tered the arms of France with his own; adding
diſtinguiſhed by a fuit of bright armour ſtudded, the motto, Dieu et mon Droit. He was born in
and by holding in his right hand a drawn ſword. 1312, called to the throne on the depoſition of
He was born in 1441, began his reign March 4, his father, January 25; 1326, and died June 21
1460, and died in 1483.
1377, after a glorious reign of fifty years.
1. King Henry VI. who though crowned king 15. Edward I. in a very curious ſuit of gilt
of France at Paris, loſt all that kingdom. In armour, with this peculiarity, that the ſhoes
his reign no leſs than ſixteen battles were fought thereof are of mail. He is repreſented with a
at home and abroad. The bloody civil wars battle-ax in his hand, perhaps to diſtinguiſh him
commenced between the houſes of York and from the reſt, he being the only king in the line
Lancaſter, already mentioned. The rebellion of that had employed his arms againſt the Turks and
Jack Cade, who entered London, and beheaded Infidels, by an expedition to the Holy-Land.
lord Say, happened in his reign. The fanious The warders tell you, that being there ſhot with
Joan of Arc, or maid of Orleans ſtarted up alſo, a poiſoned arrow, his queen who accompanied
and ſpread her fame through all Europe by raiſing him, fucking the wound, ſhe died, and he lived; and
the fiege of Orleans. In his time alſo the art of add, that he afterwards brought her corpſe over,
printing was introduced into England. He was and buried it in Weſtminſter-Abbey ; but Cam-
born in 1422, began his reign Auguſt 31, the den, who reports this fact, tells it thus: “ when
ſame year (being an infant) and was murdered in “ her huſband was treacherouſly wounded by a
the Tower by the duke of Glouceſter in 1471. “ Moor with a poiſonous dagger, and the wounds,
12. The warlike and victorious Henry V. " by reaſon of the malignity of the poiſon,
who by his conqueſts in France gained immortal " could not be cloſed, ſhe licked them daily with
glory. He cauſed himſelf to be acknowledged " her own tongue, and ſucked out the venemous
regent, and preſumptive heir of that kingdom. “ humour; by the power whereof he was en-
With only 9000 Engliſh, he defeated 15000 «s tirely cured of his wound, and the eſcaped
French at the battle of Agincourt, where he took “ unhurt," This fact happpened in 1272, the
more priſoners than he had men in his army. queen (Eleanor of Caftile) died at Herdby in
Near Harfleur 15000 French were defeated by Lincolnſhire, November 29, 1290, being 18
1500 Engliſh. This prince was Sir John Falliaff's years after; from whence ſhe was carried to
companion. He was born in 1389, began to Weſtminſter-Abbey, and there pompouſly inter-
reign March 20, 1413, and died Auguſt 31, red by order of her huſband. This warlike prince
1422. A ſhort reign, but full of glory.
conquered Wales ; aſſerted a right of ſovereignty
13. Henry IV. ſon of the great John of Gaunt. over Scotland ; raiſed Baliol to the throne of that
his reign is made infamous by a bloody ſtatute to kingdom; and afterwards cited him before the
burn heretics. He was notwithſtanding valiant ; parliament at Weſtminſter to anfwer to a com:
but his courage was employed to ſecure himſelf plaint made againſt him by the earl of Fife. He
on a throne to which he had but flight preten was every where victorious, and his reign is famed
fions. Four inſurrections againſt him were de for acts of juſtice, and is one of the faireſt in the
feated, the greateſt of which he quelled himſelf Engliſh hiſtory. He was born in 1239, made the
by the battle of Shrewſbury, wherein Harry Cruſade in his father's life-time, and received the
Hotſpur, and 10,000 rebels fell
, beſides as many news of his death, and the advancement to the
of his own troops. He twice beat the Welſh crown, in his journey home. He began his reign
under Owen Glendower. He was born in 13675 November 16, 1272, and died of the bloody Aux,
aſcended the throne September 20, 1396, and July 7, 1307
died March 20, 1413.
16. The firſt in the line though laſt ſhewn, fits
14. Edward III. John of Gaunt's father, and Willliam the conqueror, duke of Normandy, in
father to Edward the Black prince, of whom we a ſuit of plain armour. This valiant prince hav.
have already ſpoken. Beſides the battle of Creffy, || ing with his Normans, on ſome pretence of right
the ever memorable battle of Poictiers was fought to the crown, invaded England, by one deciſive
by this king, at which John, king of France, battle accompliſhed his great deſign. This me-
was taken priſoner and brought to England, where morable battle was fought October 13, 1066, near
he met David, king of Scots, a priſoner alſo ; Haſtings in Suſſex, in which king Harold, with
and theſe two, accompanied by the king of Eng the flower of the Engliſh nobility and beſt war-
land and the king of Cyprus, who happened to riors, were fain. Some authors affirm, that this
be on his travels at the Engliſh court, were all || victory was obtained by means of the broad arrow
entertained at a banquet, by a citizen of London, and long bow which the Nordians were in poſlef-
as hath been already mentioned in this work. ſion of, and with which the Engliſh were then
David, king of Scots, was afterwards ranſomed utterly unacquainted, though afterwards they be-
for 10,000 marks, and John, king of France, came ſuch expert archers, that with the ſame
for 500,000 crowns. Edward, the Black Prince, weapons they conquered France. The glory of
died in 1376, to the inexpreſſible grief of the William's reign and of his victories, is ftained by
king and the whole nation; but his ſon Richard the cruel and arbitrary foreſt laws he enacted, and
II. fuccceded to the throne, whereby the famous the waſte and devaſtation he made by converting
John of Gaunt was excluded. Edward III. is a tract of land, of more than threeſcore miles in
repreſented here with a venerable old grey beard, circumference, into a den of wild beaſts, driving
9
Dd
the

106
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
A
the inhabitants out, and and filling their habita- ll jewels of great value. This emblem was firſt
tions with wolves and boars ; forbidding at the
uſed by Edward the Confeffor, as appears by his
ſame time thoſe unhappy men, whoſe lands and feal. It is alſo marked on the ſeals of Henry I.
properties he had invaded, on pain of death, to Stephen, and Henry II. but omitted by Richard
kill either deer or wild boar. He was born in I. Richard II. aſſumed it again on his ſeal, and
1027, was crowned October 14, 1066, and died it was alſo uſed by Edward IV. and Richard III.
- September 9, 1087,
The ancient one was ſold with the reſt. This
Over the door, as you go out of this armory, now in the Tower, was made after the reſtoration,
is a target, on which are engraved, by a maſterly A bold attenipt was made in the reign of king
hand, the figures, of fortune, fortitude and Charles II. to carry off theſe enſigns of royalty,
juſtice; and round the room, the walls are every the particulars whereof are worth reciting, as it is,
where lined with various old uncommon pieces of perhaps, the moſt ſingular enterprize that ever
armour, ſuch as targets, caps, horſes heads, was undertaken. The projector of this theft
breaſt plates, and many other forts, for which was one Col. Blood, by birth a gentleman of
the very names have not deſcended to niodern Ireland, who, having ſpent his ſubſtance in fol-
times.
lowing the fortune of king Charles II. while in
adverlity, thought himſelf hardly uſed, by being
Account of the Jewel-OFFICE.
neglected when that prince was reſtored to his
throne; and therefore, after being engaged in
Deſcription of this place has already been ſeveral very deſperate, though unſucceſsful plots,
given; nothing therefore now remains, but ſuch as ſurprizing the caſtle of Dublin, ſeizing
to give an account of the curioſities contained in the perfon of the duke of Ormond, and others,
it.
he at length thought of a ſcherne to make himſelf
1. The imperial crown that all the kings of amends, once for all, by ſeizing the crown, globe,
England have been crowned with ſince Edward ſceptre, and dove, and carrying them all off to-
the Confeffor 1042. It is of gold, enriched with gether; for this purpoſe, he put himſelf into a
diamonds, rubies, emeralds, fapphires and pearls. habit of a doctor of divinity, with a little band,
The cap within is of purple velvet, lined with a long falſe beard, a cap with ears, and all thoſe
white taffaty, turned up with three rows of ermine. formalities of garb belonging to that degree, ex-
-They are miſtaken in ſhewing this as the ancient cept the gown, chooſing rather to make uſe of a
imperial diadem of St. Edward; for that with cloak, as moſt proper for his deſign.
the other ancient regalia of this kingdom was Thus habited, Blood, with a woman whom he
kept in the arched room in the cloyſters of Weſt called his wife, went to ſee the curioſities in the
minſter-Abbey till the grand rebellion, when in Tower; and while they were viewing the regalia,
1642 Harry Martin, by order of the then parlia the ſuppoſed Mrs. Blood pretended to be taken
ment, broke open the iron cheſt in which it was ſuddenly ill, and deſired Mr. Edwards (the keeper
ſecured, took it thence, and fold it, together of the regalia) to aſſiſt her with a dram.
with the robes, fword and ſcepter of St. Edward. This being drank, ſhe was invited to repoſe
After the reſtoration, king Charles II. had one herſelf on a bed, which ſhe did, and after a pre-
made like it, which is what is ſhewn at preſent tended recovery, took her leave, together with
2. The golden orb or globe, put into the king's Bload, with many expreſſions of gratitude.
right hand before he is crowned ; and borne in his In a few days afterwards Blood returned, and
left, with the ſcepter in his right, upon his return preſented Mrs. Edwards (the keeper's wife) with
into Weſtminſter-Hall after he is crowned. It is four pair of white gloves, in return for her civility.
about ſix inches in diameter, edged with pearl, This brought on an acquaintance, which being
and enriched with precious ſtones. On the top is foon improved into a ſtrict intimacy, a marriage
an amethyſt, of a violet colour, near an inch and was propoſed between a fon of Edwards, and a
a half in height, ſet upon a rich croſs of gold, ſuppoſed daughter of colonel Blood; but Ed-
adorned with diamonds, pearls and precious ſtones. wards's ſon being at ſea, the pretended daughter
The whole height of the ball and cup is eleven was under no neceſſity of appearing.
inches.
The night before the fact was to be done, the
3. The golden ſcepter, with its croſs, ſet upon doctor told the old man, that he had ſome friends
a large amethyſt, of great value, garniſhed round at his houſe that wanted to fee the regalia, but
with table diamonds. The handle of the ſceptre that they were to go out of town pretty early in
is plain, but the pummel is ſet round with rubies, the morning ; and therefore hoped he would gra-
emeralds, and ſmall diamonds. The top riſes tify them with the fight, though they might come
into a Fleur de lis of fix leaves, all enriched with a little before the uſual hour. (Blood had en.
precious ſtones, from whence iſſueth a mound or gaged three accomplices, named Deſborough,
ball made of the amethyſt already mentioned. Kelly and Perrot, in this enterprize) Accordingly
The ſceptre is a very ancient enſign of kingly two of them cane, accompanied by the doctor,
power. Among the Jews, it was uſed as an em about eight in the morning, and the third held
blem of power and royalty, and ſpiritually as a their horſes that waited for them at the outer gate
weapon to oppoſe the wicked, and protect the of the Tower ready faddled; they had no other
good. The croſs is quite covered with precious apparatus but a wallet and a wooden mallet,
ſtones.
which there was no great difficulty to conceal.
4. The ſceptre with the dove, the emblem of Upon their approach, the old man received
peace, perched on the top of a ſmall Jeruſalem them with great civility ; and preſently admitted
croſs, finely ornamented with table diamonds and them into his office; but as it is cuſtomary for
the

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London).
US
Wale de
Grignion fail
Blood and his Accomplices
Eenping after stealing the Crown from the Tower.
ار

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
107
the keeper of the regalia, when he ſhews them, that ſome new puniſhment would be deviſed to
to lock himſelf up in a kind of grate with open torture ſo daring on offender, his majeſty thought
bars, that thoſe things of high value may be ſeen proper not only to pardon him and his accom-
but not foiled, the old man had no ſooner opened plices, but to grant Blood a penſion, ſome ſay of
the door of this place, but the doctor and his 500l. a year during his life.
companions were in at his heels, and without giv What the motives were, that induced his ma-
ing him time to aſk queſtions, filenced him, byl jeſty to ſhew ſo much lenity to a man, who had
knocking him down with the wooden mallet'; been engaged in ſo many plots and conſpiracies,
they then inſtantly made Aat the bows of the is yet a ſecret, and ever muſt remain fo; many
crown to make it more portable, ſeized the ſcep-conjectures were formed, and ſurmiſes made, but
tre and dove, put them into the wallet together, no man knew the truth.
and were preparing to make their eſcape, when, Blood ſoon after died with grief, being con-
unfortunately for them, the old man's ſon, who victed of a plot againſt the duke of Buckingham,
had not been at home for ten years before, came who laid a heavy accuſation of Scandalum Mag-
from ſea in the very inſtant ; and being told that nacum againſt him, by which he was like to re-
his father was with fome friends, that would be main a priſoner for life; though moſt people
very glad to ſee him, at the jewel office, he poſted were of opinion, that this plot was forged againſt
thither inmediately, and met Blood and his com him by his enemies; and having eſcaped puniſh-
panions as they were juſt coming out; who, in ment for what he did do, ſuffered at laſt for what
ſtead of returning and ſecuring him, as in good he did not do.
policy they ſhould have done ; they hurried away We have but juſt hinted that Blood was en-
with the crown and globe, but not having time gaged in the plot to furprize Dublin caftle, and
to file the ſceptre, they left it behind them. another to ſeize the perſon of the duke of Or-
By this time old Edwards, who had not been mond; of both which, though a little foreign
ſo much hurt as the villains had apprehended, re to our ſubject, we ſhall give a brief account.
covered his legs, and cried out murder, treaſon, Upon the reſtoration, many Engliſh, Scots,
murder.
and Irish were diſſatisfied, and wanted only a head
The daughter hearing her father's cries, ran to lead them into action. Colonel Blood having
out and gave an alarm, and Blood and Perrot, declared himſelf of their party, was thought a
making more than ordinary haſte, were obſerved proper perſon for that purpoſe; and, as nothing
to jog each others elbows as they went, which could be attempted in England with any proba-
gave reafon for ſuſpecting them.
bility of ſucceſs, Ireland was pitched upon for the
The villains were now advanced beyond the ſcene of rebellion.
main-guard; but the alarm being given to the The colonel knowing what advantage it would
warder at the draw-bridge, he put himſelf in a be to their cauſe, to be maſter of ſome place of
poſture to ſtop their progreſs.
ſtrength, propoſed to begin with the ſurprize of
Blood diſcharged a piſtol at the warder, who, Dublin caftle; which was accordingly to have
though unhurt, fell to the ground through fear ; || been attempted on the twenty-ninth of May, the
by which they got ſafe to the little ward-houſe | anniverſary of the king's return, in the following
gate, where one Sill, who had been a ſoldier un-
der Oliver Cromwell, ftood centinel; but though Blood, with a company of reſolute fellows,
this man ſaw the warder, to all appearance, ſhot, were, under a pretence of preſenting a peticion
he made no reſiſtance to Blood and his aſſociates, to the duke of Ormond, then lord lieutenant, to
who now got over the draw-bridge, and through || have procured admittance, and ſeized his perſon,
the outward gate upon the wharf.
while about fourſcore choſen foot, in the habit of
Captain Beckman, who had purſued them from tradeſmen, were to have waited without, and
Edwards's houſe, now overtook them ; on which upon a certain ſignal to have ſurprized the guards.
Blood diſcharged his ſecond piſtol at Beckman's But this plot, by the treachery of one of the
head ; but he ſtooping down at the inſtant, the || conſpirators, having been defeated before it was
ſhot miſſed him, and he ſeized Blood, who had | ripe, a proclamation was iſſued out, with a re-
the crown under his cloak.
ward of five hundred pounds for the apprehen-
Notwithſtanding Blood was in this ſituation, he fion of any of the ringleaders: in conſequence
ſtruggled a long while to preſerve his prize ; and whereof, one Mr. Lockey, brother-in-law to
when it was at length wreſted from him, he ſaid, Blood, was taken, tried, and executed, and Blood
cs It was a gallant attempt, how unſucceſsful fo himſelf obliged to make his eſcape ; but with a
ever; for it was for a crown!”
full reſolution to be revenged on the duke of Ore
Another perſon ſeized Perrot before Blood was mond, by whoſe vigilance his views had been diſa
taken ; and young Edwards obſerving a perſon appointed, and his brother-in-law hanged.
that was bloody in the ſcuffle, was going to run But it was not till nine years afterwards, that
him through the body; but was prevented by he durft attempt any thing upon the duke's per-
captain Beckman, who cried out “ Hold, he is ſon ; when having engaged five of his old and
none of them.”
truſty friends, on the ſixth of December, 1670,
The next thing to be done, was to confine the | being all well armed and mounted, they beſet the
priſoners, and acquaint his majeſty with the na duke's coach, as he was paſſing from St. James's
ture of their offence, and take directions from palace, through the long ſtreet to Clarendon-houſe,
court how to proceed.
where the duke then reſided ; and having knock-
The reſult was, that the king had a fancy to ex ed out the flambeaux, and ſecured the attendants,
amine Blood himſelf; and while all men thought || they forced the duke out of his coach, and had
actually
manner.
cs

108
HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
here are,
TH
actually tied him behind one of their affociates, kings and queens of England are anointed
(who was to have rode with him without ſtopping with; and the golden ſpoon that the biſhop
till he came to an appointed place, where they pours the oil into.
Theſe are two pieces
were to meet him, and conſult what advantage of great antiquity. The golden eagle, including
they ſhould make of their priſoner) when his the pedeſtal, is about nine inches high, and the
grace's porter, being apprized of his maſter's wings expand about ſeven inches; the whole
danger, by a boy who concealed himſelf under weighs about ten ounces. The head of the ea-
the coach, and eſcaped, ſeaſonably came to his gle ſcrews off about the middle of the neck,
reſcue ; but what is very ſurpriſing, not one of which is made hollow, for holding the holy oil ;
the ruffians were ever apprehended, though a and when the king is anointed by the biſhop,
thouſand pounds reward was offered, till the at the oil is poured into the ſpoon out of the bird's
tempt already related diſcovered them, and then beak.
they were all pardoned. But to return to our ac There are in the jewel-office, beſides theſe
count of the curioſities; the other jewels ſhewn commonly ſhewn, all the crown jewels, worn by
the prince and princeſſes at the coronations, and
5. St. Edward's ſtaff, in length four feet ſeven a vaſt variety of curious old plate; but what is
inches and an half, and three inches and three already deſcribed is ſufficient to gratify any rea-
quarters in circumferer.ce, all of beaten gold, fonable ſpectator ; though it muſt be confeffed,
which' is carried before the king at his corona that the eye can never be ſatisfied with ſeeing,
tion.
where the objects are ſo admirably adapted to ex-
6. A rich falt-feller of ſtate, in form like the cice and to gratify curioſity.
ſquare White Tower, and ſo exquiſitely wrought,
that the workmanſhip of modern times is in no Account of the Mint and its Officers, and the
degree equal to it. It is of gold, and uſed only
manner of Stamping money.
on the king's table at the coronation.
7. The curtana, or ſword of mercy, the blade HE Mint is the office for coining gold, fil-
32 inches long, and near two broad, is without ver, and copper, and is conducted by a
a point, and is borne naked before the king at his number of officers, whoſe titles and employ-
coronation, between the two ſwords of juſtice, ments are asfollows:
ſpiritual and temporal.
8. A noble ſilver font, double gilt with gold, 1. The Warden. The buſineſs of the warden is to
and elegantly wrought, in which the royal family receive the ſilver &c. from the goldſmiths, to
are chriſtened.
pay for it, and to ſuper intend all the other
9. A large ſilver fountain, preſented to king perſons belonging to the office.
Charles the ſecond, by the town of Plymouth, 2. The Moſter-Worker. He receives the filver &c,
Very curiouſly wrought, but far ſhort of that al from the warden, orders it to be melted, deli-
ready deſcribed.
vers it to the moniers, and receives it back from
10. The rich crown of ſtate, that his majeſty them.
wear's in parliament, in which is a large emerald 3. The Comptroller. It is this perſon's buſineſs to
ſeven inches round, the fineſt pearl in the world, ſee that the money is made to a juſt aſſize, to
and a ruby of prodigious value.
overlook the officers, and to controul them,
11. His royal highneſs the prince of Wales's if the money does not prove as it ought.
Theſe two laſt named crowns, when his 4. The Maſter of the Aſſay. His buſineſs is to
majeſty goes to the parliament houſe, are carried weigh the bullion, and take care that it be ac-
by the keeper of the jewel-office, attended by the cording to the ſtandard.
warders, privately in a hackney-coach to White 5. The Auditor. This gentleman inſpects and
hall: there they are delivered to the officers ap-
ſettles the accompts.
pointed to receive them, who, with ſome yeomen 6. The Surveyor of the melting. His employment
of the guard, carry them to the robing rooms,
is to ſee the bullion caſt out, and that the me-
where his majeſty and the prince robe themſelves. tal is not altered after the aſſay-maſter has
The king wears his crown on his head as he ſits made trial of it, and it is delivered to the
upon the throne; but that of the prince of Wales
melter.
is placed before him, to ſhew that he is not yet 7. The Clerk of the irons. His buſineſs is to take
come to it, As ſoon as the king is difrobed, the care that the working irons are kept clean, and
two crowns are re-conducted to the Tower by the fit for uſe.
ſame perſons that brought them.
8. The Engraver. This perſon is employed in
12. The late queen Mary's crown, globe, and engraving the ſtamps for the money.
ſceptre, with the diadem ſhe wore in proceeding 9. The Melters. Their buſineſs is to melt the
to her coronation with her confort the late king bullion before it comes to be coined.
William,
10. The Blanchers. Theſe perſons anneal, boil,
13. An ivory ſceptre with a dove on the top,
and cleanſe the money.
made for the late king James the ſecond's queen, 11. The Provoſt. This perſon provides for all the
whoſe garniture is gold, and the dove on the top moniers, and ſuperintends them.
gold, enamelled with white.
12. The Moniers. Their buſineſs is to ſhear the
14. The golden ſpurs, and the armillas, which money, and forge it: ſome beat it broad,
are bracelets for the wriſts, very antique, and others round it, and ſome ſtamp, or coin it.
worn at the coronation.
of
The only part of the proceſs reſpecting the
finely engraved, which holds the holy oil. the coining of money which we are permitted to
fee
crown.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
109
se.
men.
40
20
0 0
S.
,
ſee, is the ſtamping it; which is performed in a
1.
very expeditious manner, by means of an engine Smith, Aſiſtant to the Engraver, Reuben
worked ſometimes by three and ſometimes by four Fletcher
40
Surveyor of the Money-Preſes, John
The manner of ſtamping gold and halfpence is Chambers
exactly the ſame, only a little more care is necef Two Auditors, each
ſary in one than in the other, in order to prevent Porter, Nicholas Kemp.
45
waſte. The engine works by a ſpindle, like that
of a printing preſs; to the point of which the In this place it will be proper to introduce, as
head of the die is fixed with a ſcrew, and in a well for the entertainment as inſtruction of the
little ſort of a cup which receives it, is placed reader, the following table, &c.
the reverſe : between theſe the piece of metal,
already cut round to the ſize, and, if gold, ex Table of the Silver and Gold Coins of the
actly weighed, is placed ; and by once pulling kingdom of England, which have been current
down the ſpindle, with a jerk, is compleatly in the kingdom of England, from the conqueſt
itamped. It is amazing to ſee how dexterouſly to the reign of king George II.
the coiner performs this; for as faſt as the
men that work the engine turn the ſpindle, ſo From the conqueft it does not appear that the
faſt does he ſupply it with metal, putting in Silver Coins had any other name or value, than
the unítamped piece with his fore-finger and à Penny or Sterling, till 25 Edward III. wha
thumb, and twitching out the ſtamp, with his coined
middle finger. The ſilver and gold thus ftampt Edward III. Pennies-Groſſes or Groats--Half
are afterwards milled round the edges, the manner
Groats.
of performing which is kept a profound fecret, Richard II. Groats-Half Groats--Sterlings-
and therefore our readers cannot expect a deſcrip-
Half Sterlings.
tion of it.
Henry IV. The ſame. In this reign it was
enacted, That a third part of the
The following is a correct liſt of the preſent offi-
bullion ſhould be coined in Half-
cers of the mint, with their names, and reſpective
Pence and Farthings.
falaries.
Henry V. The ſame. After the battle of Agina
I.
court he coined Blanks, or white
Warden, William Whitmore, Eſq; for
Pieces, rated eight pence
himſelf and Clerk
450
groats.
Maſter and Worker, lord viſ. Chetwynd,
Henry VI. The ſame. He was the firſt thac
for himſelf and three Clerks
650 0
coined braſs money in Ireland.
Comptroller, John Buller, Eſq; for himſelf
Edward IV. Groats--Three Pences, in the 18th
and Clerk
350
year of his reign-Two Pences-
King's Ajay-Maſter, Joſeph Lucas, Eſq;
Pennies.
for himſelf and Clerk
225
Edward V. Groats-Pennies.
Chief Engraver, Richard Yoe, Eſq;
Richard III. Groats. N. B. This king's is the
Alfiſtant Engraver, J. Ralph Ocks 80
moſt rare of all other coins,
Surveyor of the Meltings and Clerk of the
Henry VII. To the former coins added the ſhilo
Irons, George Selwyn, for himſelf
ling, which weighed one third
and Clerk
132 10
more than ours this time.
Deputy, John Jones
[Anno 20.]
Weigher and Teller, Maurice Morgan,
Henry VIII. Crown pieces, one of which was lately
Eſq; for himſelf and Clerk
142 IO
preſerved by the earl of Pembroke-
King's Clerk, and Clerk of the Papers,
Teſtoonsor Shillings-Groats--Half
Mr. William Dick
Groats--Sterlings-Half Pence
Sollicitor, William Chamberlain Eſq; бо
Farthings.
The Maſter's Aſay-Maſter, Staneſby Al-
Edward VI. Crowns-Half Crowns-Teſtoons
chorne
60
or Shillings—Six Pences-Groats
Provoſt to the Comp. of Moneyers, asling
-Three Pences.
as Engineer, Daniel Kemp
Q. Mary I. Shillings-Six Pences-Groats.
The Company of Moneyers, each
40 O
Q.Elizabeth. Crowns-Half Crowns—Shillings
Warden's Deputy and Clerk, Edward
Six Pences-Groats-Three Pences
Lucas, Eſq;
Two Pennies--Pennies.
Maſter's Deputy and Clerk, William
James I. Crowns-Half Crowns--Shillings---
Gregory,
Six pences—Two Pences-Pence
Half Pence.
Pany Eſq;
Charles I. The ſame. And after his troubles
Surveyor, John Verdie
began, he coined Groats, Three
Deputy Weigher, Teller, and Clerk,
Pences, and other various kinds of
Deputy to the King's Clerks William
money, which the diſtraction of
Dick, Junr.
the times and his urgent neceſ-
Another Clerk to the Warden, John Twells 100
ſities invented. N. B. This king's
Clerk to the Maſter, Thomas Day
coin appears with the moſt va,
riety.
Еe
After
or two
200
O
at
IOO
0
O
O
Ιοοο
mere
0

I10
HISTORY and SURVEŽ of LONDON.
crown
After the 30th of January,
Crown, ditto-Ten Shilling Pieces
1648, che parliament agreed upon
exhibiting him bare headed-Half
a new ſort of coin, by the name
Ios. or Crown, ditto-Quarter or
of Crowns, Half Crowns, Shillings,
Half Crown, ditto-Ten Shilling
and Six Pences, with this inſcrip-
Piece, bare-headed, with the roſe,
tion, The Common-Wealth of Eng-
inſtead of the king's arms, on the
land; on the reverſe, God with us.
reverſe,
Two Pences, Pennies, Half Pennies, | Q. Mary I. Double Roſe Noble, 1553--Spurr
with no inſcription, only the ini-
Royal, 1553-Angel-Half Angel.
tial figures. Their Sixpence in Phillip and Angel-Half Angel-Crown, with
1651 was the firſt milled money in
Mary I.
§ Mundi falus unica.
England. Oliver, uſurping the Q. Elizabeth. Double Roſe Noble--Spurr Royal
government, coined the firſt Eng-
---Broad Piece-Half Broad Piece
liſh crown piece milled, with an
Quarter Broad Piece-Half Quar-
inſcription on the rim, inſcribed
ter Broad Piece-Half Broad Piece
Olivar D. G. Ang. Scot. Hib. &c,
and Quarter neatly wrought and
PRO, on the reverſe, Pax Quæri-
milled. [Thoſe grained or indent-
tur Bello: A Half Crown and a
ed on the edges are rare.)- Angel
Shilling alſo milled.
--Half Angel—Quarter Angel.
Charles II. Crowns-Half Crowns---Shillings~ || James I. Double Roſe Noble--Spurr Royal--
Six Pences-Groats-Three Pences
Sovereign, or 30s. Piece - Half
Two Pences--Pennies.
Sovereign, or 155. Piece-Scepter
N. B. In this reign private per-
and Globe Piece, or 28s. with Rex
fons were indulged with a liberty
Angla & Scotiam-Half of the ſame
they had obtained in 1653 of coin-
Scepter and Globe, or 255. Piece
ing their own Pennies, Half Pence,
Half Scepter or 12s. 6d. Piece
and Farthings, till Ann. 1672, when
Quarter of the ſame-Half Quar-
the king's copper halfpence and
ter of the ſame---Broad, or 205.
farthings took place.
Piece, head laureated-Half, or
James II. The ſame. N. B. He coined Tin
Ios. Piece, head laureated.Quar-
Farthings and Half Pence.
ter of the ſame, or 5s. Pieces
William III. 1 The ſame. He found the coin ſo
Angel-Half Angel--Crown, cal-
and Mary II. S diminiſhed, that half a
led the Thiſtle Crown.
would ſcarce weigh a ſhilling; and Charler I. Spurr Royal--Broad, or 2os. Piece
fo effectually cured and removed
Half, or ros. Piece-Quarter, or
that abuſe, that we have enjoyed
55 Piece. Of theſe there are three
good coin ever ſince.
particular forts, viz. with the ruff
Q. Anne
plain, and ſmart ruff with the gar-
K. George I.
The ſame.
ter robes, and broad band, of 205.
K. George IT.
IOS. 55.--Angel. In his troubles
Edward III. Noble--Half Noble-Quarter No-
he coined 31. or 3 broads, with
ble. N. B. His ſon prince Edward
the ſword and laurel branch ; and
coined gold in Aquitain.
alſo 20s. or ſingle Broads; and half
Richard II. The fame.
Broads or ios, Pieces of the fame.
Henry IV. The ſame.
In Scotland he coined a Broad Piece
Henry V. Noble-Half Noble-Quarter No.
with the ſcepter and globe of 255.
ble-Salute (coined in France.] Commonwealth. Broad, or 205. Pieces--Half-
Henry VI. Noble Half Noblem Quarter No-
Quarter
ble--Salute-Half Salute. Theſe Oliver.
Twenty Shilling Piece milled, ex-
two laſt were coined in France.
cellently done by Symonds, 1656.
Edward VI. Spurr Royal-Half Spurr Royal || Charles II. Broad, or 20s. Piece with the ſmall
Angel [firſt coined Anno 1465]-
Crown. The Mint Mark- Ten
Half Angel.
Shilling Five Shilling Piece, ditto
Henry VIII. Double Roſe Noble--Spurr Royal-
Broad Piece milled of 205. by
Sovereign, (viz.) on his Throne
Symonds, Ann, 1662 Half-and
Half Sovereign-George Noble
Quarter of the fame. He was the
Angel-Half Angel-Quarter An-
firſt that coined 5 Pound or 5 Gui-
gel-Crown with the Roſe, H. R.
nea Pieces, Double or 2 Guineas,
Half Crown with the Roſe, H. R.
Guineas, and Half Guineas, mil-
Crowns with H. I. H. K. and
led.
H. A. on the reverſe.
James II.
Edward VI. Double Roſe Noble—Spurr Royalm || William III.
Sovereign-Half Sovereign--An and Mary II.
The fame.
gelHalf Angel — Broad Piece Q. Anne.
with his demy effigies in armour K, Geo. I.
-Half Broad Piece, ditto-Ten K. Geo. II.
Shilling Piece with the crown on K. Geo. III, "The fame, with the addition of
his head Half IOS, or Crown
pieces of gold coin of 5s. 3d. each,
Piece, ditto in Quarter or Half
commonly called Quarter Guineas.
Account

HISTORY and SURVÉr of LONDON.
111
оо
THI
Ο Ο
0 0
0 0
111
0 0
0 0
Ο Ο
Ο Ο
I 20 0 0
Áccount of the Ofice of ORDNANCE, with a liſt of
Clerks in Ordinary,
its Officers.
Edward Miles
60
George Ayres
40
HE office of ordnance is kept in Cold Har-
Extra. Clerks under ditto
bour ; to which office all the other offices Richard North, Rich. Forman, John
for ſupplying artillery, arms, &c. to any part of Vidgen, Tho. Wooldridge, 5ol:
his majeſty's dominions, are accountable; and Ben. Meecher, Miles E. Wilkes,
from thence are iſſued all orders for the diſpoſition 401. a year
280 0 0
of warlike materials, for every kind of ſervice. Clerks in ord. under Clerk of Ordinance
In ancient times, before the uſe of gunpowder | Daniel Kemp
180
was known, the buſineſs of this office was con John Boddington
150
ducted by officers who were diſtinguiſhed by the John Humfrey
60
names of bowyer, the croſs-bowyer, the galeator, William Arnold
60
the armourer, and the keeper of the tents. Grenvill Sharp
50
The bulineſs of the bowyer was to make and John Humfrey, 4$. a day
take care of the bows: the croſs-bowyer provided
Extra. Clerks under ditto
accoutrements for the bows: the galeator was William Adams, Jofeph Sparrow,
purveyor of the helmets or head-pieces: the ar Thomas Bradſhaw, John Bullock,
mourer was the keeper of the king's armour Anthony Forman, Oliff Adams,
within the Tower: and the buſineſs of the keeper E. Short, T. Adams, W. Nettle-
of the tents is fully explained by the title itſelf. ſhip, T. Mumford, J. King, Per-
Beſides the abovementioned, there was a maſter kins Saunder, 401. a year each - 480
ſmith, whoſe pay, in the reign of Edward the Ledger-keeper to the Out.ports, John
firſt, was four-pence halfpenny per day from the Wilkinſon
60
crown, and three-pence per day from the War Home Ledger-keeper, Wm. Gregory 60
ders or Tower-guards : likewiſe a maſter-maſon, Clerks in ord. under the Store-keeper
and a maſter carpenter, each of whom had twelve Johnſon Robinfon
150
pence per day, payable at the exchequer, and a Thomas Day
60 00
robe once a year.
Extra. Clerks under ditto.
The office of ordnance continued under the Richard Dickinſon, Richard Steel,
direction of the abovementioned officers till the Cades Middleton, 401, each
reign of Henry the eighth, who gave the ma Glerks in ordinary under the Clerk of
nagement of it to a maſter, lieutenant, ſurveyor, Deliveries
&c. and in this manner it has continued, fome | Stillingfeet Durnford
150
improvements excepted, to the preſent time. John Woodward
70 00
For the ſatisfaction of our readers we have ſub.
Clerks extra. under ditto
joined the following,
Fr. Milns, Rich. Blight, John Lock,
401. each
Authentic liſt of the preſent officers of the Office of Deputy Paymaſter, John Walcot, Eſq; 159
Ordinance, with their clerks, ſalaries, &c.
Clerks under the Treaſurer,
Francis Hanrot
60
James Cooper
50 00
Maſter-General, Marquis of Granby 1500
Clerks extra, under ditto.
Lt.-General, Hen. Seymour Conway 1100 El. Durnford, Cut. Fiſher, Clarke
Surveyor-General. Sir Charles Frede-
Durnford, Tho. Haberfield, W.
ric, K. B. F. R. S.
700
Davis, 401, each
200 00
Clerk of the Ordnance, William Raw-
Clerk to chief Engineer, Arthur Cald-
linſon Earle, Esq; 500l. and 100l.
well
as check to the Store-keeper
600
Proof-maſters,
Store-keeper, Andrew Wilkinfon, Eſq;
Rob. Bennet, T. Hartwell, zol, each 40
оо
and 6ol for a houſe
460 Oo Clerk of the Works, Tho. Hartwell,
Clerk of the Deliveries, Char. Cocks,
Aliſtant to ditto, Charles White, 3s.
Eſq; 400l. and 100l.for a houſe • 500
Treaſurer and Paymaſter, Rofs Mackye
Purveyor for Länd, Evelyn Sutton
Eſq;
500
0o
Ditto for Sea, Robert Bennet
40 00
Secretary to the Maſter-General, Tho.
Aſiſtant Recorders,
Thoroton, Eſq;
J. Boddington, J. Humfrey, 201. each
40 00
Under Secretary to ditte, J. Drinkwa-
Architeet and Draughtſman, Charles
water
150
Frederic, jun. Eſq;
Minute Clerk, Henry Simmons
55
Armorer, James Cooper
45 12 6
Clerks in ordinary under Lieut. Gen.
Furbiſher of the Tower, Tho. Hatcher 80
Simon Parry
150
Furbiſhers at Windfor, John Miller,
Nicholas Witwar
40
Rob. Pilkington, 251. each
50 00
Extra. Clerk, John Spencer
40
Furbiſher at Hampton Court and at St.
Clerk of the Fortifications
60
James's, Joſeph Deely
60
Clerk in ordinary under the Surveyor-
Meſſenger, William Severn
60
General and Proof-maſter of Eng-
Barrack-Maſter, John Jones
40
land, Benjamin Allin
Store-keeper of Salt-Petre, Edw. Short 60
Afiftant to ditto, Henry Brown, 45.
Aſtronomical Obſervatór, Rev. Nev.
6d. per day
Maſkelyne, M. A.
C H A P.
120
оо
O O
0 0
per Annum.
Ω Ο
оо
I 20
оо
оо
per day
Іоо
оо
220
оо
Ο Ο
220
оо
Ο Ο
оо
оо
0 0
Ο Ο
Ο Ο
оо
Ο Ο
O
150 00
оо
IOO
оо

112
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
CH A P T E R XX.
The city walls repaired in conſequence of the king's writ. A plot againſt the duke of Gloua
ceſter’s life defeated. The addreſs of the city to the king, with the effects it produced. Sir
Nicholas Brembre hanged at Tyburn. A grand tournament in Smithfield. The city refuſes
to lend the king money. Account of a dangerous riot. Mayor of London and others, im-
priſoned and fined. Citizens fined three thouſand marks. The king and queen make a pub-
lic entry into London. Ten thouſand pounds paid by the Londoners for the privilege of chuộng
their own mayor, which had been illegally taken from them. Order of parliament repečting
layſtalls. The ſeveral wards of London taxed. Proceſſion of queen Iſabella. The king com-
pelled to reſign his crown, and Henry, duke of Hereford recognized king of England.
H
AVING in the laſt chapter given an ac and devoted the firſt moments of repoſe to mirth,
count of the Tower of London, agree- joy, and feſtivity,
able to our invariable plan of introducing About this period the king's favourites, Ro-
a deſcription of the moſt remarkable places in bert de Vere, and Michael de la Pole, had gained
this city and its ſuburbs, where ſuch deſcription ſuch an afcendancy over his majeſty as occafioned
can be introduced with the greateſt propriety, we great uneaſineſs between him and his ſubjects. De
will now reſunie the thread of our narrative, re Vere had been created duke of Ireland, and de
citing every intereſting event in chronological Pole, earl of Suffolk and lord high-chancellor.
order.
Theſe worthleſs minions, unſatisfied with the
This kingdom being threatened with a French exorbitant degree of power they poſſeſſed, and
invaſion in the year 1316, when the beſt of the apprehenſive that they could not totally engroſs
Engliſh troops were in Spain, whither they had the royal confidence during the life of the king's
been ſent to ſupport the pretences of the king's uncle Thomas, duke of Glouceſter, entered into
uncle, the duke of Lancaſter, to the crown of a conſpiracy to deſtroy him, and ſome other per-
Caftile; it was thought neceſſary to put the city | fons of eminence, whom they conſidered as their
in a proper ſtate of defence, in caſe it ſhould be enemies.
attacked by the French, as was then apprehended, In order to carry this ſcheme into effectual ex-
In order, therefore, to advance this work as ecution, they treated with Nicholas Exton, maya
much as poſſible, the king iſſued a writ to the ci or of London, whom they endeavoured to pre-
tizens of London, of which the following is a vail on to invite the duke and his friends to ſup in
faithful tranſlation,
the city, at the houſe of Nicholas Brembre, the
late mayor, who was in the ſecret; and when the
« The king to his beloved the mayor and al glaſs had freely circulated, to aſſaſſinate them all.
“ dermen, and the reſt of the citizens of Lon The mayor heard their propoſal, but deteſting
“ don, ſendeth health. Know ye, that as well ſo foul a deed, he acquainted the duke of Glou-
" the walls and other defences or forts of the ceſter of the intended villainy, by which he was
“ ſaid city be old and weak, and, for want of put upon his guard, and the horrid project de-
“ repair, are fallen down in ſome places ; as alſo feated.
“ the ditches of the ſaid city are exceedingly
The duke, from a principle of revenge, and
“ filled with dirt, dunghills, and other filth, and to ſpirit up the people to lay their complaints a-
“ with graſs growing in the ſame, not only to gainſt the favourites before the king, induſtriouſly
“s the evident danger of the ſaid city and inhabi- || propagated a report throughout the nation, that
<< tants thereof, (and chiefly at this preſent time of the miniſters intended to levy a general poll-tax
“ war) but alſo to the manifeſt diſgrace and of a noble a head.
“ ſcandal of us and the whole city, &c."
This report produced the intended effect ; for
the citizens of London immediately deputed pro-
His majeſty then gives the mayor and citizens per perſons to wait on the duke of Glouceſter, ta
a licence to take a toll on all kinds of victuals requeſt him to aſſume the government of the
and merchandize brought into the city for the kingdom, and to bring to juſtice all its internal
ſpace of ten years, in order to defray the expence enemies, who had burthened the people with
of the intended repairs.
intolerable taxes, and had endeavoured to aggran
Thus encouraged, the citizens loft no time in dize themſelves at the public expence.
repairing the wall and bulwarks, and cleanſing This ſollicitation the duke thought proper to
the ditches; and, in order to prevent the French decline ; urging, as a reaſon for ſo doing, that
from having any place of ſhelter, in caſe of their it would be impoſſible for him to redreſs their
attacking the city, they demoliſhed ſeveral houſes grievances, while the ear of the king was fo to-
contiguous to, and on the outſide of the wall. tally engroſſed by his favourites : but he adviſed
This great precaution, however, was needleſs ; the citizens to engage the other cities and towns
for the French did not make the expected inva to addreſs his majeſty reſpectively, beſeeching him
fion; and the citizens diſcontinued the repairs, to remedy their grievances; and he promiſed
thac

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London.
El
ter
les
D'
Shan
Preaching at ST PAUL'S Cross

HISTORY and SÜRVEY of LOND Ô N.
113
that if theſe petitions were delivered on the St. But in order to avoid the conſequences of a
George's day following, himſelf and his brother parliamentary enquiry, the favourites induced the
would not fail to be preſent with the king, in or king to attend them to Briſtol, from whence his
der to enforce them.
majeſty diſpatched the duke of Ireland to Wales,
In conſequence of this promiſe, the mayor and with a commiſſion to raiſe an army with a view to
citizens, on the day appointed ſent a deputa reduce to obedience the city of London, and his
tion of ſixty of the principal inhabitants of Lon uncles who were ſupported by it.
don, in company with the perſons deputed by the In a ſhort time the duke of Ireland aſſembled
other cities and towns, to attend the king at fifteen thouſand men, with whom he marched to-
Windſor, at which place he then reſided. wards the metropolis : but the duke of Glou-
When his majeſty was informed of their arri cefter, at the head of an army of twenty thou-
val, he would have declined ſeeing them; but ſand men, chiefly Londoners, engaged him at
he was at length prevailed on to grant them an Oxford, and obtained a compleat victory.
audience, through the mediation of the dukes of As ſoon as the king heard of the defeat of his
York and Glouceſter, and the earl of Saliſbury. favourite, he came to the reſolution of taking up
When the citizens and other deputies were in his reſidence in the Tower of London, to wait
troduced to the king, Sir Simon Sudbury, in the the event of the civil war, as he imagined he
name of the reſt, laid their grievances before his ſhould be more ſafe in that fortreſs than in the
majeſty, intreating “ that a parliament might be country.
“ ſpeedily ſummoned, to call to account all ſuch But the citizens of London no ſooner heard of
as had miſbehaved in the adminiſtration of his majeſty's approach toward the metropolis, than
« public affairs, and to ſubſtitute men of worth a great number of them went to meet him, on
" and probity in their ſtead, acccording to the horſeback, richly dreffed, and eſcorted him to
“ advice of parliament.”
the cathedral church of St. Paul, and thence to
In anſwer hereto the king faid, that “their fup his palace at Weſtminſter.
plications being long, he had no time to an The citizens appear to have taken this ſtep,
" Iwer; ” he therefore deſired they would“ bring with a view to convince his majeſty that he might
“ their requeſts at the enſuing Michaelmas, when rely on their loyalty and affection to himſelf and
“ he would communicate them to the parliament his family, and that their oppoſition was not to
" that would then be held at Weſtminſter, and their ſovereign, but to the minions who had
" what was judged reaſonable ſhould then be uſurped his confidence.
-66 granted to them ; but that his ſubjects His majeſty had not been long at Weſtminſter
“ Thould never be his maſters by preſcribing to before he received advice that the army of the
« him ; for he could not perceive that either him barons were marching from Haringhaye * park
66 ſelf or thoſe about him had ever intended towards London; upon which his favourites pre-
any thing elſe but right and juſtice.” vailed on him to take refuge in the Tower, as a
place of the greateſt ſecurity.
In anſwer hereto, one of the perſons deputed As ſoon as the king was ſafe lodged in the
by the city of London, with a ſpirit that does Tower, he iſſued a proclamation, forbidding any
him great honour, ſaid that " with humble ſub perſon whatever from ſupplying the forces of the
“ miſſion to his majeſty, juſtice was never leſs barons with any kind of arms, ammunition, or
“ practiſed in England than at preſent; and proviſions, on pain of death, and confiſcation of
“ that by the ſubtle management of certain per all their effects.
“ fons, 'twas impoſſible for him to come at the In conſequence of this proclamation the ba-
« truth of things, ſeeing the miniſters found it rons ſent a manifeſto, directed to the mayor, al-
" their intereſt to conceal from him the manage dermen, and citizens of London, written in the
ment of his affairs, as much as poſſible: in French language ; of which we have ſubjoined
to conſideration of which, they did not think it a faithful tranſlation.
" conſiſtent with their intereſt, nor that of the This manifeſto ſets forth, that “they, the lords
kingdom, to wait the meeting of the parlia “ above-mentioned, were, and always would be,
ment, ſeeing a ſpeedier remedy might be ap « obedient and loyal ſubjects to the king, yet
plied, by calling to an account thoſe plunder “ that the mayor, aldermen, &c. ſhould not
ers, who had embezzled the public treaſure; “ wonder at the cauſe of their aſſembling in ſuch
k and to enquire how thoſe immenſe ſums, raiſed a manner, that they thought good to let them
" for nine years paſt, had been applied : and that “ know, that it had been ordained by the king in
" all thoſe who could not diſcharge themſelves “ the laſt parliament, that certain lords, there-
“ honourably, ſhould ſtand to the judgment of “ unto appointed and ſworn, were to have the
“ parliament."
governance of the king's council and realm,
“ for the honour and profit of both, for the term
His majeſty, equally ſurprized at the ſubſtance “ of one year; which government had been, and
of this ſpeech, and at the freedom with which it was then diſturbed and interrupted by Alex-
was delivered, turned to his uncles and the no « ander, archbiſhop of York, Robert Vere,
bility preſent, demanding their opinion; and they 66 duke of Ireland, Michael de la Pole, earl of
being unanimous that there was nothing unrea “ Suffolk, Robert Treffilian, that falſe juſtice,
fonable in the requeſt of his majeſty's ſubjects, " and Nicholas Brembre a falſe knight of Lon-
a parliament was appointed to enquire into the
ſtate of the nation, which was to aſſemble at
Weſtminſter on the third day of May following.
* Now called Hornſey.
Ff
*
66
66
IQ
66 donº

114
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
06
as
don, every one of them being traitors to the which occafion many German princes, and great
« king and kingdom : who falily and traitor numbers of the nobility from various parts of
“ ouſly, by their wicked advices and conduct of the continent, came to England to partake of
" the king's perſon, had carried him into divers this royal entertainment.
remote parts far from his council, to the ruin On the afternoon of the firſt Sunday after Mi-
“ of him and his realm; and falſly counſelled chaelmas, the proceſſion began from the Tower,
6 him, contrary to their oaths, to do divers with a cavalcade of ſixty ladies, dreſſed in the
" things in diſinheritance and diſmembring of moſt elegant manner, each mounted on a ſtately
“ his crown, he being nigh to looſe his heritage horſe, richly accoutred, and leading an armed
“ beyond ſea, by their means, to the great in knight by a ſilver chain; and every knight being
famy and deſtruction of the whole nation : and attended by his eſquires of honour.
“ had alſo wickedly made ſeveral differences be In this order they proceeded through Cheap-
“ tween the king and the lords of his council, fo fide, to Smithfield, where the juſts continued
ſome of them were in great fear and danger four days, in the preſence of the king, queen,
“ of their lives, as they had lately informed the and the whole court; and the king himſelf juſted
king, by the archbiſhop of Canterbury, the on the ſecond day.
e duke of York, the biſhops of Wincheſter and There were great variety of ſplendid enter-
“ Ely, and feveral other lords. Wherefore to tainments; and open houſe was kept the whole
s redreſs theſe grievances, and to puniſh thoſe time, at the expence of his majeſty, at the palace
" traitors according to law, they were now ar of the biſhop of London, * where there was a
ſembled, requiring and charging the mayor and ball every night, for the amuſement of the no-
" citizens, by virtue of their allegiance, that bility and gentry.
es they ſhould make proclamation through the In the year 1391, the price of wheat being ſo
“ whole city, that this was their true intent, and greatly advanced that the poor were in danger of
" no other; and for the honour, profit and ſafety, ſtarving, the mayor and aldermen of this city
“ of the king and all his loyal fubjects, they voluntarily ſubſcribed twenty pounds each, which,
“ would be aiding and aſſiſting with all their with two thouſand marks taken out of the or-
power, to the ſaid lords, not favouring or aid phans fund in the chamber of London, was ex-
“ ing the ſaid traitors, or any of them as they pended in the importation of corn from abroad;
“ tendered the honour of God, the king and the by which the poor were ſo far ſupplied, that the
“ kingdom, and the ſafety of the city; and that peace of the city was preſerved, and the bene-
" they neglect not this advice, as they deſire to volence of the magiſtrateś univerſally extolled.
« avoid the dangers that may happen in time to The king being in great want of money in
« come.” And concluded with a demanding the year 1322, he applied to the citizens of
“ their reſolution in this matter on the Friday fol London for a loan of ten thouſand pounds, f
* lowing; the 15 of November, 1386.”
which they not only poſitively refuſed; but in-
ſulted and even beat a Lombard merchant for of-
The citizens in general approved highly offering to advance the money.
the contents of this manifeſto, and, without de Theſe circumſtances, as might naturally be ex-
liberation, directed Nicholas Exton, the mayor, pected, incenſed the king in a high degree; but
to deliver the keys of the city to the duke of he choſe to ſuppreſs his reſentment for the preſent
Glouceſter; and likewiſe ſupplied the army of and wait till ſome caſual accident ſhould afford
the barons with plenty of proviſions of every him an opportunity of gratifying his revenge.
kind.
This indeed foon happened. A baker's ſervant
On the meeting of the parliament, Sir Nicho- carrying a baſket of bread by the biſhop of Sa.
las Brembre, who was to have been made duke | liſbury's houſe in Fleet Street, one Roman, a
of London if the king's favourites had carried fervant of the biſhop, took a loaf out of the
their point, was found guilty of high treaſon, in baſket, and wounded the baker, in his attempt to
conſequence of which he received ſentence to be recover the loaf.
hanged, and was accordingly executed at Tyburn; Hereupon a mob foon gathered together, to
by which, and other well-timed acts of juſtice, revenge this atrocious robbery and inſult; but
the king was induced to make ſuch conceſſions to Roman's fellow fervant reſcued him, took him
his injured ſubjects, as put a period to the cala into the houſe and refuſed to deliver him up,
niities of a civil war.
though a conſtable was ſent to demand him.
In the year 1389, the ſtreets of London were This circumſtance fo exaſperated the populace,
become fo filthy, that by order of the parliament, that they threatened to ſet the houſe on fire, if he
a proclamation was ifſued, ordaining that was not immediately produced. In the mean
« perſon whatſoever ſhould preſume to lay any time the mayor, aldermen and ſheriffs, having
« dung, guts, garbage, offals, or other ordure, been informed of the diſturbance, haftened to
« in any ſtreet, ditch, &c. upon the penalty of Fleetſtreet, where, by meer dint of perſuaſion,
“ twenty pounds to be recovered by an informa they at length prevailed upon the people to dif-
estion in chancery.”
perſe, without proceeding to any extraordinary
In the year 1390 the king gave orders for a acts of violence.
grand tournament to be held in Smithfield; on It was not then apprehended that any farther
no
* This palace was fituated in Alderſgate Street, and of
late years called London Houſe ; but was almof conſumed by
fire in the year 1768, and is now taking down in order to
erect dwelling houſes and ſhops on the ſpot.
+ Some writers ſay only one thouſand pounds.
conſequences

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London).
کاران
6on
Wale del
Grignion halp
GPS
CA Representation of an Ancient, I
TOURNAMENT.

HISTOŘ P and SURVEY of LONDON.
119
to the queen.
conſequences would have reſulted from this affair; His majeſty having conſented to gratify the
but the biſhop of Saliſbury, inſtead of puniſhing citizens in this particular, they conducted him as
his raſcally fervant, went immediately to the king far as St. George's church, in Southwark, where
and made heavy complaints againſt the citizens, he was received by the biſhop of London, the
whom he repreſented as having inſulted, in his clergy of his dioceſe, and five hundred boys in
perfon, the whole body of the clergy; and ſaid, ſurplices.
that if the citizens of London were permitted to Thus attended, his majeſty proceeded to Lon-
go on unpuniſhed, the ſtate, as well as the church | don-bridge, where he was prefented with a beau-
would be endangered.
tiful horſe, adorned with trappings of gold bro.
The king, who was glad of any opportunity of cade, and a white pad, decked with rich furni-
puniſhing the citizens for refuſing him the loan ture for the uſe of the queen.
he had requeſted, immediately threatened to From hence the king and queen, mounted on
plunder the metropolis, and raze it to the ground: | the beaſts which had been preſented to them, ad-
but by the advice of many of the principal no vanced into the city, the ſtreets of which were
bility, he was prevailed on to moderate his anger; lined with the ſeveral companies in their formali-
in conſequence of which he commanded, the ties, and the houſes were adorned with rich hange
mayor, aldermen, ſheriffs, and twenty-four other ings of filk and tapeſtry, while the conduits ran
principal citizens, to attend him at Nottingham, with a great variety of wines.
to anſwer ſuch complaints as ſhould be made a A ſtately pageant was erected at the ſtandard in
gainſt them.
Cheapfide, on which was placed a boy, repreſent-
The citizens, during their journey to Notting-ing an angel, who preſented the king with wine
ham, mutually reſolved to adhere faithfully to in a cup of gold, and placed on his head a golden
each other, as the moſt probable method of vin crown elegantly adorned with jewels, and pearls
dicating themſelves from the malice of their ene of great value; and likewiſe paid the ſame honour
mies: but ſome of them failing in this reſolution,
began to impeach their brethren; which occa Their majeſties proceeding to St. Paul's cathe-
fioning recriminations on the part of the accuſed, dral, the king there made an offering after which
was likely to have produced very diſagreeable | they were conducted, with great pomp, to the
confequences to them all.
royal palace at Weſtminſter.
This aſpect of their affairs determined them to On the following day the mayors aldermen, and
fubmit entirely to the mercy of the king, who ſheriffs waited on the king, and preſented him
committed the mayor to the caſtle of Windſor, with two filver bafons gilt, each of them con-
and the reſt to other priſons, to remain during his caining a thouſand nobles of gold; and likewiſe
with à curious picture of the trinity, eſteemed
In a ſhort time, however, a commiſſion was worth eight hundred pounds.
iſſued “ to enquire into all and ſingular the er They likewiſe preſented the queen with a ſilver
rors, defects, and miſpriſions committed in the tablet, gilt with gold, valued at a thouſand marks,
city, through the bad conduct of the ſaid ma beſides other things of conſiderable value.
giſtrates..
By theſe liberal preſents the citizens hoped to
In conſequence hereof William Venour, the have recovered their ancient liberty of chuſing
late mayor, John Loveneye and John Walcote, their mayor : but in this they were miſtaken, and
late ſheriffs, with William Barret, Nicholas Ex were obliged to pay ten thouſand pounds for the
ton; and others of the aldermen, were indicted reſtoration of this valuable privilege, which ſum
for mal-adminiſtration in the government of the was raiſed by a general aſſeſſment on the inhabi-
city; and being found guilty, they were fenten tants of London,
ced to pay a fine of three thouſand marks, for On the meeting of the parliament, the ſtate of
the uſe of the king; and the liberties of the city the lay-ſtalls in the city was again taken into con-
were ſeized, in direct violation of the firſt charter || fideration, and it was enacted that “ all the filth
of king Edward the third,
56 of a certain lay-ſtall upon the bank of the
As a farther token of the king's diſpleaſure, he " river Thames, be forthwith removed; and
removed the courts of juſtice to York, to which
os that the butchers of London ſhould, before
city himſelf and the nobility withdrew. But at " the enſuing Eaſter, erect a houſe or houſes, in
length the city privileges, except that of chuſing a proper place, to receive all their ordure,
their mayor, were reſtored, and all diſputes be-
46 thence to be carried in boats into the middle of
tween the king and the citizens were adjuſted, on 56 the faid river, and to be thrown in at the turn
their paying the fine of three thouſand marks. 5 of the tide at high water. And that no per-
The king having at length declared his inten “ fon ſhould preſume to throw any muck, rub-
tion of returning to London, he was met at “ biſh, layſtage, or other ordure, in at the ſides
Shene * near Richmond, by four hundred of the " of the ſaid river, or lay any filth or naſtineſs
citizens on horſeback, who were elegantly dreſſed on the banks of the fame, between the palace
in an uniform manner, and preceded by the re-
" of Weſtminſter and the Tower of Londong
corder of London, who, in the name of the con upon the penalty
the penalty of 1ol."
pany, entreated his majeſty to honour the city It was enacted, by this parliament, for the fe-
with his preſence.
curity of the city liberties againſt future attempts
pleaſure.
CC
66
CG
* From this it ſeems probable that the great north road
from York to London lay then in a very different line from
the preſent: or perhaps his majeſty went to his palace at
Shene, in order to repoſe himſelf for a time, before his pub-
lic entry into London.

116
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
The par-
of a court, “ That it was not the king's meaning
or intent, nor the meaning of the ſtatute made
in the twenty-eighth of Edward III, that the
mayor, aldermen, and ſheriffs of London, that
“ have been, now are, or hereafter ſhall be,
“ ſhould incur the penalty contained in the
“ faid ſtatute, for any erroneous judgment given,
" or to be given, in the ſame city.'
liament, however, left them anſwerable for all
defects reſpecting the government of the city.
It was further enacted by the authority afore-
ſaid, “ That from thenceforward, the aldermen
“ of the city ſhould not be choſen annually, but
« remain in their offices during their good beha-
« viour. And that the great ward of Farringdon
u ſhould be divided into two wards, and have
« two aldermen."
S.
20
O
I 2
O
O
34 10
O
every third beaſt which they brought to that mar-
ker: but hiſtory does not inform us whether any,
or what puniſhment was inflicted for ſo ſcandalous
an inſtance of injuſtice and oppreſſion.
In the year 1396 the mayor of this city being
informed that the king was arrived at Dover, with
his young confort, Ifabella, + a daughter of
France, he went to Blackheath to meet them, at-
tended by the aldermen, and a number of the
principal citizens, mounted on horſeback, and
dreſſed in an uniform cloathing, having each of
them on their ſleeves a ſymbol of their reſpective
myſteries, richly embroidered.
The recorder of London having addreſſed their
majeſties, on the part of the citizens, with com-
pliments of congratulation, the royal pair were
conducted to the palace at Kennington.
From hence the little queen (as ſhe was called)
was carried to the Tower of London, with great
pomp and magnificence; on which occaſion the
crowds of people were ſo great, that no leſs than
nine of them were preſſed to death on Lon-
don-bridge ; and on the following day her ma-
jeſty was conducted to Weſtminſter, amidſt the
repeated applauding ſhouts of the citizens.
In the year 1398, if the account of a foreign
author I may be credited, the citizens of London,
by the advice of the duke of Glouceſter, peti-
tioned the king to annul the heavy taxes which
had been impoſed for the ſupport of the French
war; and requeſted that his majeſty would not
enter into any treaty with the French king re,
ſpecting the delivering up the town of Calais.
This petition of the Londoners ſo irritated the
king, that he compelled many of the moſt emi-
nent citizens to ſign and feal a number of blank
papers, which were afterwards filled up with ſuch
ſums as the miniſtry thought proper to extort.
By a continued courſe of exactions and oppref-
ſions, king Richard became at length ſo odious
to his ſubjects, that Henry duke of Hereford,
ſon of the famous John of Gaunt, and grandſon
of Edward III. was, by the principal nobility,
gentry, and others, invited from France, where
he was then an exile, to come over and deliver
the nation from ſlavery.
In conſequence of this invitation, Henry ſet
fail, and landing at Ravenſpurre in Yorkſhire,
ſoon found himſelf at the head of fixty thouſand
men, with whom he marched to London, where
he was received as the deliverer of his country,
and ſupplied with all kinds of proviſions for his
army. King Richard was now expected from
Ireland, where he had been to reduce that king-
dom; and Henry, encouraged by the Londoners
eſpouſing his intereſt, marched againſt Richard,
who finding himſelf deſerted by moſt of the great
men in his train, ſurrendered to Henry, by whom
he was confined in the Tower of London, and
obliged to reſign the crown in favour of his com-
petitor.
O
This parliament likewiſe ordained what pro-
portion the ſaid wards ſhould pay towards raiſing
à tax called a fifteenth; whereby it appears that
the ſums to be paid into the exchequer by the re-
ſpective wards, were as follow.
1. d.
The ward of Cheap
72
The ward Vintry
35 5
The ward of Queenhithe
The ward of Baynard caſtle
The ward of Cordwainer's-ſtreet 72
The ward of Bread-ſtreet
36 10
The ward of Farringdon without
The ward of Farringdon within 53
6 8
The ward of Aldrychgate
7
The ward of Cripplegate
The ward of Cripplegate without *
The ward of Baffyngſhawe
7
The ward of Coleman-ſtreet
19
The ward of Walbrook
39
The ward of Dowgate
The ward of Brydge
The ward of Byllingſgate
The ward of the Tower
The ward of Portfoken
9
The ward of Aldgate
5
The ward of Lime-ſtreet
The ward of Biſhopſgate
The ward of Broad-ſtreet
25 o
The ward of Cornhill
The ward of Langborne
The ward of Candlewick-ſtreet 16
O
39 10
IO
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
34 10
49 IO
31 10
45 IO
o
O
O
O
O
E
2
O
2I IO
16
0
20 IO
O
In the year 1394, the mayor of London was
empowered by the parliament to ſearch all the
malt to be brought into the city, and to ſee that
each quarter meaſured eight buſhels of clean
malt.
In the fame year the mayor and ſheriffs were
ordered to attend the king's council, to anſwer a
charge brought againſt them by the country gra-
ziers frequenting Smithfield market, who alledg-
ed that the officers of the city extorted from them
* This was not a ſeparate ward, but only a liberty or part
of the former, under one aldermen, as at preſent.
+ This lady was at that time only about eight years old.
| Froiſſart.
СНАР.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
117
CH A P T E R XXI.
Henry IV. afcends the throne. Popular acts of parliament. Plot to aſſaſſinate the king de-
feated. Clauſe in king Henry the
fourth's firſt charter. The priſon called the Tun in Cornbill,
converted into a conduit. Conteſt between the goldſmiths and cutlers. Dreadful peſtilence.
A play acted by the company of pariſ clerks. Tournament in Smithfield. A riot in the
city. John Bradby burnt in Smithfield. Guildhall founded. The death of Henry IV. and
acceffion of Henry V. A great mortality in Newgate. Great rejoicings on account of the
vitory at Agincourt. The city of London firſt lighted with lanthorns. The king's crown
and jewels pawned. Leadenhall built. Death of Henry V.
O
CG
N the thirtieth day of September 1399, Several of the principal people in the nation
Henry duke of Lancaſter aſcended the having formed a conſpiracy to affaſſinate the king,
throne by the title of Henry the fourth; his majeſty was no ſooner informed of it, than he
and on the thirteenth day of October the mayor
haftened to London, and acquainting the mayor
and aldermen of London rode to the Tower, with the affair, commanded him to raife the citi-
from whence they attended his majeſty to Weſt zens; which was obeyed with ſo much expedition,
minſter, where the ceremony of his coronation that in a few hours fix thouſand of the Londoners
was performed, with the accuſtomed ſolemnity. were aſſembled, completely armed, and ready to
One of the firſt acts of ſovereignty exerciſed march wherever the exigency of his majeſty's af-
by this monarch was, the giving orders that all fairs might require.
the blank papers which had been extorted from The king having learnt that the conſpirators had
the citizens (as mentioned in the preceding been at Windſor, with an intent to ſurprize
chapter) ſhould be burnt at the ſtandard in Cheap him there, marched from London at the head of
ſide: a circumſtance which greatly endeared the the citizens, and as many auxliary forces as made
new king to his ſubjects in general, and to the his army twenty thouſand; with which he waited
inhabitants of London in particular.
the approach of the rebels on Hounſlow heath.
About this time the parliament repealed an act The rebels, however, retired at the approach
paſſed in the twenty-ſeventh year of king Edward of the royal army; and the duke of Surry and
the third, by which it had been ordained, that earl of Saliſbury, two of the principal inſur-
" the mayor, aldermen, and ſheriffs of London, gents, being taken at Cirenceſter, the army was
" in default of the good government of the city, | diſperſed ; and the reſt of the ringleaders being
were to be tried as delinquents, by a foreign ſoon made priſoners, were tried, condemned and
« inqueſt, to be taken out of the counties of || executed; by which the rebellion was totally fup-
• Kent, Efex, Suffex, Hertfordſhire, Bucking- || preſſed.
" hamſhire, and Berkſhire; and who upon be The king, truly ſenſible of the obligations he
“ing found guilty, were to pay a thouſand marks had to his faithful citizens of London, was de-
" for the firſt default, two thouſand for the ſe termined to give them ſome teſtimony of his gra-
"cond, and for the third to forfeit the franchiſes titude; and therefore granted them a charter, of
s of the city to the king."
which the following clauſe is a part.
And the fame parliament enacted, that " all
repyers, and other fiſhers, from Rye and Win " And moreover, of our ample grace, we have
“ chelſea, and all other parts on the ſea coafts, “ granted for us and our heirs, as much as in us
« ſhould ſell their fiſh themſelves in Cornhill and “ is, to the ſame citizens, their heirs and ſuccef-
“ Cheap, and other Streets of London, unto all “ ſors, as aforeſaid, that they ſhall have the cuſto-
os men that would buy them, except filhmongers, dy, as well of the gates of Newgate and Lud-
s6 and others that would buy the faid fiſh to ſell gate the
“
66 with the king, as well as domeſtic, ſhould have " the tolls and cuſtoms in Cheap and Billingſgate
" the privilege of retailing their fiſh in the city, “ and Smithfield, there rightfully to be taken
“ either whole or in pieces, to all perſons what " and accuſtomed; and alſo the tronage, that
« foever, except fiſhmongers.
" is to ſay, the weighing of lead, wax, pepper,
As theſe acts were ſuppoſed to have paſſed at " allom, madder, and other like wares, within
the particular deſire of the king, this circum " the ſaid city for ever ; as by the ſaid charters,
Itance ftill further endeared his majeſty to the amongſt others things, more plainly may ap-
citizens of London, who had ſoon an opportunity pear.” Dated the 25th of May, 1399.”
of teſtifying their gratitude for the favours re-
ceived, as will appear from the following parti In the year 1401 the citizens of London con-
culars.
verted the priſon called the tun, in Cornhill, into
Gg
a conduit
66
60

118
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
a conduit for the reception of water which was doctrine inculcated by the celebrated Wickliff,
brought in leaden pipes from Tyburn: and on having been convicted before Thomas arch-
the ſide of this conduit they erected a cage, with biſhop of Canterbury, of what was then called
a pair of ſtocks over it for the puniſhment of Hereſy, was ſentenced to be burnt to death in
night-walkers; together with a pillory, in which Smithfield.
diſhoneſt millers and bakers were expoſed to the This unhappy man was conveyed to the place
ſcorn of the public.
of execution in a caſk, and Henry prince of
In the year 1405 a conteſt happened between Wales being preſent on the occaſion, offered him
the companies of goldſmiths and cutlers, with free pardon, on condition of his recanting be
regard to certain privileges claimed by the for fore the fire was kindled. This offer Bradby
mer, of inſpecting all the gold and ſilver work rejected; on which he was tied to a ſtake, in the
made by the latter.
caſk, and the fire being lighted, the flames ſoon
At length the goldſmiths appealed to the parli- || reached his body, which occafioned his crying
ament, and by the authority of the king the affair out in a moſt piteous manner.
was referred to the mayor of London, who hav The young prince was ſo affected by this cir-
ing carefully examined into the affair, reported, cumſtance, that he gave orders to take him in-
that according to the ancient immunities of the ftantly out of the fire, renewed the offer of a
city, the cutlers had a right to work in gold and pardon on the conditions abovementioned, and
filver; but that all things made by them were to even promiſed to allow him a penſion of three-
be aſſayed by the goldſmiths: whereupon the pence per day, in conſideration of the injury he
goldſmiths charter was confirmed by parliament, had already ſuſtained by the fire.
and additional privileges were granted.
This offer likewiſe the reſolute martyr rejected;
A moſt dreadful plague broke out among the upon which he was re-conducted to the flames,
inhabitants of the city in the year 1407, which which foon put a period to his life.
raged to ſo great a degree as to deſtroy thirty The Guildhall of the city of London having
thouſand of the inhabitants in a very ſhort time; been heretofore nothing better than a mean cot-
which confiderably leſſening the conſumption | tage ſituated in Aldermanbury, and the buſineſs
of bread, reduced the price of wheat to three of the city greatly increaſing, the foundation of
ſhillings and ſix-pence the quarter.
the New Guildhall was laid this year, on the ſpot
| In the year 1409 hiſtory informs us that the where the preſent building ſtands, at the upper
company of pariſh clerks of London acted a play end of King-ſtreet in Cheapfide, of which it may
concerning the Creation of the World, which not be improper to introduce a conciſe deſcrip-
they repeated eight days ſucceſſively, at Skin tion in this place.
ner's-Well, near Clerkenwell, with great ap The New Guildhall, which was finiſhed in the
plauſe.
year 1411, having been very conſiderably da-
From the play the company retired daily to maged by the dreadful fire in 1666, it was thought
Smithfield, where a tournament was held between fit to demoliſh it entirely; and the preſent edi.
the marſal and gentlemen of Hainault, and the fice was built and extremely well beautified in
earl of Somerſet and ſeveral other Engliſh gentle 1669.
nien; in which victory declared ſo much in favour This hall is 153 feet long, 48 broad, and 55
of the Engliſh, that they all came off conque feet high to the roof.
rors except one.
The portico is adorned with a ſtately gothic
In the year 1410 a riot happened in this city, || frontiſpiece, enriched with the king's arms, &e.
of which our hiſtorians relate the following par After entering the portico, the firſt thing wor-
ticulars. The princes Thomas and John, fons of || thy attention is the balcony, over a flight of nine
the king, being at an entertainment in Eaſtcheap, or ten ſteps leading to the mayor's court, in the
a diſpute aroſe between their highneſs's ſervants front of which is a fine clock and dial, in a curi-
and ſome others belonging to the court, during ous frame of oak : the carvings are, at the four
which it was ſaid that ſome inſult was offered to corners the four cardinal virtues, and on the top,
the princes.
time, with a cock on each ſide of him. Above
The mayor being informed of the riot, imme this are the figures of Moſes and Aaron; on the
diately repaired to the place, attended by the al ſides beneath, the four cardinal virtues; and be
dermen and ſheriffs, who exerted themſelves low are depicted the arms of the 24 companies.
effectualy to reſtore the peace. But notwith- || On each ſide of the balcony is a giant of an enor-
ſtanding this ſpirited and well judged conduct; mous ſize ; the one holding a pole-axe, the other
the king iſſued a writ, appointing commiſſioners an halbert, ſuppofed to be an ancient Briton and
to enquire into the cauſe of the tumult, who a Saxon.
ſummoned the mayor, aldermen and ſheriffs be Round the hall are colours and ſtandards taken
fore them; when the chief juſtice Gaſcoyne ad from the French, &c. at different periods.
viſed them to make ſubmiſſion to the king, in The roof is flat, divided into pannels; the
behalf of all the citizens.
walls on the north and fouth fides are adorned
This they refuſed to do; and, conſcious of with four gothic demi-pillars, painted white, and
their own innocence, vindicated themſelves with veined with blue, and the capitals gilt with gold ;
ſo much fpirit, and ſo ſtrict a regard to truth, that upon which are the royal arms, and thoſe of Ed-
the king appeared fully ſatisfied with their con ward the confeffor. In many places are the royal
duct, and they were diſcharged with honour. arms: on the ſouth-eaſtward pillar is the arms of
In the year abovementioned one John Bradby, || London, and weſtward are the arms of the twelve
Alias Badby, a taylor, one of the profeſſors in the companies.
At

Engraved
for Chamberlain's Heitory of London), s.
what
MAN
1
he
A
Wale dei
Guiznión fuelp
Manner of BURNINO de MARTYRs. Smulhpold.
e

HIS TORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
119
court.
At the eaſt end are the portraitures of their hended John Borgate, a carpenter, and ſeven
late majeſties king George II, and queen Caro other perſons, who being examined, made a ready
line, and thoſe of their preſent majeſties : cloſe confeffion of their guilt.
by the firſt is the picture of queen Anne, at the On this occaſion many others were apprehend-
foot of an anabathrum, under a rich canopy; by ed, and committed to Newgate, where the num-
the latter, his majeſty king George I. And at ber of delinquents was ſo great as to cauſe a
the ſame end, but on the north and ſouth ſides, dreadful peftilential diſorder, by which the keeper,
the pictures of king William III. and queen the turnkey, and fixty-four of the priſoners loſt.
Mary, fronting each other.
their lives.
The inter columns are painted in imitation of In the year 1415, as Nicholas Wotton was
porphyry, and embelliſhed with the pictures, in riding to Weſtminſter, (on the Lord-mayor's day)
full proportion, of 19 judges, who determined to qualify himſelf
for the office of mayor, one
differences between landlord and tenant in re of the king's meſſengers met him with a letter,
building the city after the dreadful fire in 1666, | by which he was informed of the victory which
without the expençe of law-ſuits ; in gratitude the king had obtained over the French at Agin-
for thoſe ſignal ſervices, their pictures were put
up in the Guildhall.
In conſequence of this good news, the mayor,
On the ſouth ſide are eight, on the north ſide on his return from Weſtminſter, being accompa-
eight, and on the weſt end three; to which the nied by the biſhop of Wincheſter, the lord high-
city have lately added the picture, in full propor. chancellor, and other perſons of rank, went to
tion, of lord chief juſtice Pratt, in grateful re St. Paul's cathedral, and attended the Te Deum,
membrance of that gentleman's uprightneſs, firm- which was fung in a moſt folemn manner.
neſs, and conduct in the cauſe of liberty, which has On the day following, the queen, attended by
defervedly given him a place with thoſe worthy the nobility, clergy, mayor, aldermen, and the
men, who ítept forth in the utmoſt danger to de ſeveral city companies, walked in folemn pro-
fend the weak from oppreſſion, and to ſave man ceffion from St. Paul's to Weſtminſter-abbey,
kind from ruia.
where having made a rich oblation at the ſhrine of
In the Lord mayor's court, which is adorned St. Edward, they returned in triumph to the city.
with fleak-ſtones and gildings, and alſo the figures Soon after this, the king returned from France,
of the four cardinal virtues, are the portraits of with a great number of the French nability, pri-
four other judges, in full proporcion. This court priſoners; on which occaſion he was met on
is called the council chamber, and is well worthy Blackheath, by the mayor, aldermen, and ſheriffs
of obſervation.
of London, in ſcarlet robes, attended by three
In this hall are held the court of Lord-mayor hundred of the principal citizens mounted on
and aldermen; the court of common-council ; horſes adorned with rich trappings.
the court of huſtings; the court of orphans; In the road near Deptford this cavalcade was
two courts of the ſheriffs ; the court of ward- || joined by a folemn and pompous proceſſion of the
mote; the court of hallmote ; the court of re clergy of London, in magnificent copes, and
queſts, and the chamberlain's court.
preceded by rich croſſes, and cenſers ſmoking
The lotteries are drawn in this hall, which is with frankincenſe.
likewiſe uſed for chuſing the city officers, and The city of London was embelliſhed, on this
members of parliament, and is large enough to joyful occaſion, with rich hangings of tapeſtry ;
contain near feven thouſand perſons.
the city conduit ran with divers forts of wine for
· King Henry the fourth dying ſuddenly, while the entertainment of the populace, and a variety
he was paying his devotions at the ſhrine of Ed of ſtately pageants were erected, on which were
ward the confeffor in Weſtminſter-Abbey, his ſon placed children dreſſed in imitation of angels,
Henry was proclaimed by the ſtile and title of who chaunted praiſes to God for the ſucceſs of
Henry the fifth.
his majeſty's arms.
The diffolute life of this prince till the period On the morning ſucceeding theſe public rejoic-
of his father's death is well known; but that ings, the mayor, aldermen, and citizens went to
event no ſooner happened, than he immediately Weſtminſter, where they preſented the king with
diſmiſſed his rakith companions, reformed his a thouſand pounds in gold, in two golden baſons
whole conduct, and acted as became the monarch of the like value.
and the nian.
In the year 1416, Sir Henry Barton, mayor of
His former courſe of life, however, furniſhed London, ordered lanthorns to be hung out, for
his enemies with a pretence of diſturbing their the purpoſe of lighting the ſtreets by night; and
ſovereign's tranquillity; and a conſpiracy was this is the origin of a cuſtom which is now be-
even formed againſt his life; which coming to come general in this cicy, and on which its ſafety
his majeſty's knowledge, he ſent an order to Sir in a great meaſure depends.
Nicholas Falconer, mayor of London, to ſhut In the following year, the king being diſtreſſed
the gates of the city, and to apprehend all ſuf for money to carry on the war with France,
pected perſons.
pawned his crown for twenty thouſand marks to
In obedience to this command, the mayor iſſued the biſhop of Wincheſter, and his jewels for ten
his orders to the aldermen, each of whom kept || thouſand to the citizens of London.
a ſtrong guard in his reſpective ward: and infor In the year 1419, Sir Thomas Eyre, who had
mation having been received that ſome of the been mayor of this city, compaſſionating the diſ-
conſpirators were to meet at the Axe inn without treſſes to which the poor were frequently driven
Biſhopſgate, the mayor, attended by a proper || by the ſcarcity of corn, built Leadenhall at his
guard, went thither about midnight, and appre fole expence, and gave it to the city, as a public
granary,

120
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
granary, for the purpoſe of laying up a quantity houſes, for leather, wool, and other commodi-
of corn as a reſerve, to be uſed in times of ne ties, and the area is a market for hides, leather,
ceflity.
and butchers meat.
In the eaſt ſide of this building was originally On the thirty-firſt day of Auguſt, 1422, king
a chapel, in which was founded a fraternity of Henry the fifth died in France, from whence his
the trinity, conſiſting of fixty prieſts, beſides corpſe was brought to England, and carried
other brethren and ſiſters, and ſome one or more through London in a pompous manner, on an
of the prieſts were enjoined to perform divine open chariot, drawn by four horſes, to St. Paul's
ſervice every market day, to ſuch perſons as fre cathedral, where the funeral obſequies being per-
quented the market.
formed, the body was carried to Weſtminſter,
After this period, the common beam for weigh- and depoſited among the remains of his royal
ing wool was erected, and a public market for progenitors.
foreign conmodities was held in Leadenhall; At this funeral, James, king of Scotland, af-
and ſince that it was occupied as an armory, in ſiſted as chief mourner, and was attended by the
which the military utenſils of the city were de princes of the blood, almoſt all the nobility, and
poſited ; but at preſent it is converted into ware the principal gentry of the kingdom.
CH A P T E R XXII.
Defibrobetto
The acceſſion of Henry VI. Newgate rebuilt. The biſhop of Wincheſter attempts to furprize
the city of London, but is fruſtrated. The king's letter concerning the ancient liberties of
the city, with the anſwer thereto. A pernicious fatute reſpecting apprentices repealed. The
reception of the king on his return from Paris. Tyburn water brought to the ſtandard in
• Cheapfide. A remarkable ſevere froft. Act of parliament reſpecting the ſale of fiſh. Water
brought to Aldermanbury, Cripplegate, and Fleet-ſtreet. A dreadful ſcarcity of corn. A
violent ſtorm of wind. Sir Richard Wick burnt on account of religion. The croſs in Cheap-
fide rebuilt. The Merchant-Taylors endeavour to ſet aſide the choice of a mayor. The king's
letter on that ſubje&t. The ſteeple of St. Paul's burnt by lightning.
O
London-bridge, they were eaſily repulſed, and
the inſurrection was wholly ſuppreſſed, with very
licule damage on either ſide.
In the year 1426, the following intereſting let-
ter was ſent by king Henry the ſixth to the mæy-
or and aldermen of London.
executors.
N the death of Henry the fifth, his fon,
at that time only eight months and a
few days old was advanced to the throne,
by the name of Henry the ſixth; and in the
month of November following, the young mo-
narch was carried through the city, in his mo-
ther's lap, in an open chair, to the parliament
then ſitting at Weſtminſter.
Soon after the young king's acceſſion to the
throne, in the year 1423, a petition was preſented
to the king in council, for permiffion to remove
the priſoners out of Newgate, in order to rebuild
that priſon, in conformity to the will of Sir
Richard Wittington, late Lord-mayor of London ;
and the petition being granted, the work was
performed under the inſpection of Sir Richard's
About the year 1426, the biſhop of Wincheſ-
ter, who was great uncle to the king, formed a
deſign of ſeizing the protectorſhip into his own
hands; and as the moſt likely method to accom-
pliſh his ends, determined to ſurprize the city of
London.
The duke of Glouceſter, who was protector,
having received intelligence that this bold plan
was intended to be carried into execution, in the
night fucceeding the Lord-mayor's day, when
the citizens were engaged in feſtivity, he ſent an
order to the Lord-mayor to raiſe fuch a number
of citizens as might be ſufficient to defeat the
attempt.
Sir John Coventry, the mayor, obeyed this or-
der ſo effeétually, that when the biſhop's archers
and men at arms attempted to force a paſſage at
“ Henry, by the grace of God, king of Eng-
“ land and France, and lord of Ireland, to the
mayor and aldermen of the city of London,
“ greeting. Willing for certain cauſes to be
“ certified upon the tenors of divers liberties and
“ cuſtoms of the aforeſaid city, and concerning
“ the records, and memoranda of ſervants and
“ natives coming to the aforeſaid city, and carry-
ing there for a year and a day, without com-
plaint of their lords or maſters before you
« had, and inrolled in our court of our chamber
•s of Guildhall, of the aforeſaid city, as is ſaid :
• We command you the mayor, diſtinctly and
“ openly, to ſend the tenor of the liberties, cuf-
toms, records, and memoranda, aforeſaid, to
us in our chancery, under our ſeal, and this
« our brief. Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter, the
“ twentieth day of January, in the ſeventh year
“ of our reign.”
22
To this letter the mayor and aldermen returned
the following anſwer, viz. that
“ In the time of holy king Edward, hereto
“ fore king of England, and before, and from
“ all time in memory of man, then was extant
“ ſuch dignity, liberty, and loyal cuſtom, among
bi @chers

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
121
૮૮
tors.
Cc
gave occaſion for
as others was had, uſed, and approved, in the city “ city of London; and are confirmed by the lord
<s of London, which is, and from all time hath " the king, (Henry the ſixth) and his progeni-
*6 been called, the free chamber of the king of
But the tenor of the ſaid charters aré
« England, as from ancient time it was uſed, and “ patent in the Latin tongue, in folio 238 of the
" had as in the great city of Troy; to wit, that - ordinations of the ſaid city.”
every ſervant, whoſoever he were, that came By an act of parliament paſſed in the ſeventh
to the city of London, and tarried in it for a year of king Henry the fourth, it had been or-
year and a day, without being reclaimed by || dained, that no perſon ſhould be admitted to put
« his lord there, afterwards he may, ought, and out their children as apprentices to any trade, un-
< hath accuſtomed through his whole life, ſo leſs they were worth twenty ſhillings per annum;
s freely and ſecurely to tarry there, as it were in and all perſons preſuming to take as apprentices
" the houſe or chamber of the king: and hence the children of any parents ſo diſqualified were
" it is, that the ſame holy king Edward, amongſt liable to a heavy penalty mentioned in the ſtatute.
« other things, by his laws remaining upon re-
The citizens, conſidering this as a grievous
56 cord, in the treaſury of Guildhall of the ſaid oppreſſion, applied to parliament for redreſs, in
“ city, and reciting the city itſelf to be the head the year 1426; and, in conſideration of the great
66 of the kingdom, and that it was founded like ſervices which the city had rendered to the king,
" and after the manner of old Troy; and that it this act was repealed.
containech in it the laws, liberties, dignities,
The favours abovementioned
" and royal cuſtoms of Great Troy: he appointed the grand and ſplendid reception which the king
" and ordained, that the ſaid city of London may met with on his return from Paris, where he had
to have and keep every where, by one inviolabi been crowned.
"lity always, all her old uſages and cuſtoms, On the twenty-firſt day of February 1427, his
" whereſoever the king himſelf ſhall be, whether majeſty was met on Blackheath, by the mayor of
s on an expedition or otherwiſe. And that after this city, dreſſed in crimſon velvet, a large furred
- wards, William the conqueror, king of Eng velvet hat, an ornament of gold about his neck,
"land, by his charter, which remaineth of the || falling down behind, and a golden girdle about
« record, in the ſame treaſury, granted to the
his waiſt.
" men of London, that they be worthy of all The chief magiſtrate was followed by three
" that, both law and right, as they were in the horſemen, cloathed in ſcarlet ſtudded with ſilver,
" the days of the foreſaid Edward: and moreover
and attended by the aldermen in ſcarlet gowns,
66 that the ſaid William the king, among other and a great number of the principal citizens in
" laws at the ſaid city made, with the conſent of white gowns and ſcarlet hoods, each riding on a
“ noble and wiſe men of the whole kingdom, ſtately horſe, and having the ſymbol of his trade
" and remaining in the ſaid treaſury, likewiſe or myſtery embroidered on his neeve.
“ remaining of record, appointed and ordained On this occaſion the city was adorned with rich
" that if ſervants remain without complaint by ſilks and carpets, and a great number of pageants
a year and a day, in a burgh compaſſed with a were erected, in which were placed perſons re-
“ wall, or in caſtles, or in the cities of the ſaid preſenting the graces and ſciences, who congra-
king; whence the ſaid city of London, to that tulated his majeſty in fongs and ſpeeches.
time, and from all time before was one, and the Two days afterwards the mayor arid aldermen
more principal of the whole kingdom, as is waited on the king at Weſtminſter, and preſented
« ſaid before ; from that day let them become him with a thouſand pounds, in nobles, in a
25 freemen, and let them be for ever free and golden hamper, in the name of the citizens of
“ quit from the yoke of their ſervitude.” And London.
the record of this tranſaction further ſaith, “ It In the year 1429, Sir John Wells, late mayor
cs is to be noted, that the laws, recitements, and of this city, laid a number of pipes, at his own
“ ſtatutes of holy king Edward, of which men expence, to convey water from Tyburn, to the
“ tion is made above, are contained in folio 34 ſtandard in Cheapſide.
os of this book, under the ticle De Heretochiis et A moſt ſevere froſt began on the twenty-fourth
es libertatibus London: and in folio 113 of the of November, 1434, which continuing till the
es book of Cuſtoms of the ſaid city; and in folio tenth of February following, the river Thames
€ 36 of the book called Recordatorium London, was entirely frozen up, ſo that the navigation be-
« &c. and in folio 162 of the Red Book in the || ing entirely impeded, the ſhips from foreign
exchequer, called The True Charter : by which parts were obliged to be unladen at the mouth of
66 the ſaid lord the conqueror, hath confirmed the river, and their cargoes brought to London
cs to the citizens of London, all rights and laws by land carriage.
« which they had in the time of holy king Ed As the filhmongers of London, in defiance of
co ward, together with certain other charters, by || former laws, endeavoured to monopolize the ſale
«c which the ſaid lord, immediately after the con of fiſh, an act of parliament was paſſed in the
“ queſt, gave the whole hyde and land of the year 1435, by which it was ordained, that “No
« city of London, whereof he had been poſſeſſed “ perſon whatever ſhould preſume to hinder or
« in his demeſne, to the men of the ſaid city, “ obſtruct any fiſherman, either foreign or do.
“6 patent and remanent under the ſeal of the ſaid “ meſtic, from diſpoſing of his fiſh as he ſhould
« king, in the cuſtody of the chamberlain, in “ ſee convenient, on the penalty of ten pounds."
" the treaſury of the ſaid city: which charters In the year 1438, conduits were erected in Al-
« are contained and incorporated into the great || dermanbury, at Cripplegate, and in Fleet-ſtreet,
6 charter of the liberties and cuſtoms of the which were ſupplied with water from Highbury.
I!
Hh
barn
ec

22
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
not
barn and Tyburn, at the ſole expence of Sir “ Weſt-cheap of the ſaid city, which may ſerve
William Eaftfield, knight of the bath, and mayor " for a reſervoir, or, as it were, a mother to the
of this city.
“ faid conduits or aqueducts; which works can-
During the harveſt ſeaſon of this year, there be performed without a very large quan-
were ſuch exceflive ſtorms of wind and rain that tity of lead, and workmen proper to carry on
a great part of the crops of corn were deſtroyed, “ the ſaid works ; we, well conſidering the uti-
fo that the poor in ſome parts of the country were lity, decency, and advantage of the ſaid works,
reduced to the neceſſity of making a kind of “ do, of our ſpecial grace, grant and give our
bread of ivy-berries and fern-roots; and though “ licence for completing the ſame ; and for the
this calamity was ſeverely felt in London, yet, " ſaid citizens to take up two hundred fodder of
by the care and humanity of the mayor, who " lead for the building thereof, and to impreſs
fent ſhips to Pruſſia to fetch rye, when the ſcar plumbers and labourers, &c. for carrying on
city firſt began, the city was ſo far ſupplied, as to so the ſaid work, paying them their wages."
prevent the dreadful conſequences of a total fa-
mine.
In the year 1442, Robert Clopton, a member
On the twenty-fifth of November in this fame of the Draper's company, and Ralph Holland, a
year, there happened a moſt violent ſtorm of Merchant-Taylor, were returned to the court of
wind, by which many churches and houſes were aldermen, for their choice of one of them to be
uncovered, and almoſt half of the houſes in the mayor for the year enſuing; when they made
Old Change, near Cheapſide, quite blown down. choice of the former, agreeable to the ancient
In the year 1440, Sir Richard Wick, vicar of cuſtom of the city: on which a number of per-
Hermetſworth, in Efex, was burnt on Tower-hill, fons belonging to the Merchant-Taylor's com-
on account of his religious tenets; and as he had pany, being ſupported by many of the inferior
the reputation of being a man of remarkable fanc citizens, demanded that Ralph Holland fhould
tity, the vicar of Barking embraced this opportu be mayor, and proceeded to ſuch unwarrantable
nity of impoſing upon the people, by mixing a lengths in ſupport of their demand, that Sir John
quantity of odoriferous fpices with ſome aſhes, Paddeſley, the mayor, was obliged to commit
which he privately ſtrewed on the place where ſeveral of the rioters to Newgate, who being ſe-
Wick had been burnt, in order to induce the peo verely puniſhed, there was an end of the distur-
ple to worſhip him as a martyr to the faith. bance for the preſent.
This trick drew numbers of people to the ſpot, This affair, however, did not end here ; for
who began to invoke the deceaſed as a deity, and the Merchant-Taylor's party made no fcruple of
offer ftatues of wax, and money at his fhrine, declaring that they would oppoſe the next elec-
which the impoſtor repaid, by preſenting them tion ; whereupon the king was applied to, who
with the aſhes as facred relicks, and ſupplying iſſued a letter to the following effect.
the place with freſh aſhes during the night.
After this farce had been carried on for about " That whereas the mayors of London uſed to
a week, the vicar was ſeized and impriſoned, and « be choſen by the aldermen, and certain more
in a ſhort time afterwards, the whole cheat was “ diſcreet perſons of the faid city, eſpecially
diſcovered by his own confeſſion.
c fummoned and warned for that purpoſe; yet
In the year 1441, John Hatherley, the mayor 6 fome that had not, nor ought to have, any
of London, applied to king Henry the ſixth, for « intereſt in ſuch elections, came, and with their
permiſſion to rebuild, in a beautiful manner, the " noiſe and clamour diſturbed them, with an in-
croſs in Cheapfide, which had been erected by « tion to chooſe ſuch who might afterwards fa-
Edward the firſt, in the year 1290,
in
memory
of “ vour their evil-doing and errors: He therefore,
Eleanor his queen.
willing to provide for the quiet and peace of
This magiſtrate likewiſe, at the fame time, fol. “ his ſubjects, and to apply a ſuitable remedy on
licited the royal aid towards repairing the com. 64 this behalf, did command and firmly enjoin
mon granary of the city, and the conduits, as “ the mayor and ſheriffs, to make proclamation
well as for compleating other improvements then through all the city and liberty, before the
carrying on for the ſupplying the city with water: « time of the election of a mayor, ſtrictly for-
and the king granted his ſeveral requeſts, as will bidding, that none be preſent at ſuch election,
appear by the following letter.
or any way, or under any colour, thruſt him-
“ ſelf into it, but ſuch as by right, and accord-
« The king to whom theſe ſhall come, greet “ ing to the cuſtom of the city, ought to be
ing. Know ye, That whereas our beloved " there; and that ſuch election be made by the
4. John Hatherley, mayor, and the citizens of " aldermen and other of the more diſcreet and
“ London, do intend, for the common utility and “ able citizens, eſpecially warned and ſummoned,
decency of all the ſaid city, and for the uni « according to the cuſtom aforeſaid : letting them
s verſal advantage; likewiſe for the well-pleaſing « know for certain, that if any, ſome other way
« of all liege ſubjects flowing thither from other " elected, were preſented to him, or his treaſurer,
“ parts, at convenient places therein, as it well “ and barons of the exchequer, they would by
& becomes them ſo to do, to build and erect divers " no means admit him : and that they ſhould ar-
aqueducts of freſh water, with ſtandards and « reſt and commit to priſon all thoſe who ſhould
s other machines, and leaden pipes, which have " act contrary to the faid proclamation and pro-
e and do run under and above the earth, above
« hibition."
“three miles; and to rebuild a certain common
granary, and a certain beautiful croſs in the On the eve of Candlemas day in the year 1444,
there

HISTORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
123
I
66
Five of his Graces domeſticks being likewiſe l os teuolly, ſooner than manie other places of this
there was a dreadful ſtorm of thunder and light- || eight and nine o'clock at night, the flames again
ning, by which the ſteeple of St. Paul's church broke out, and conſumed almoſt all che wooden
was ſet on fire; but by immediate aſſiſtance it frame of the ſteeple.
was thought to be extinguiſhed: yet between
CH A P T E R XXIII.
The murder of the duke of Glouceſter. Singular petition to parliament for a licence to open
grammar ſchools. The rebellion of Jack Cade, and the conſequences thereof. Firſt uſe of
barges on Lord-Mayor's day. The king taken priſoner and the duke of York made protector
of England. Riots in St. Martin's-le-Grand and Cheapfide. The court greatly alarmed.
Five thouſand citizens mount guard. The royal army refuſed admiſſion, and the earl of
March's army received into the city. King Henry VI, depoſed, and the earl of March
choſen king, by the name of Edward IV.
N the year 1447, the duke of Glouceſter, un 6 few ben in theſe dayes, and the grete hurt is
cle to the king, being obnoxious to the queen 56 cauſed of this, not oonly in the ſpiritual partie
and her party, on account of his great vir os of the chirche, where oftentyme it apperith to
tues and abilities, was fally charged with a deſign “ openly in ſom perſones with grete ſhame, but
to murder the king; upon which they ſeized and « alſo in the temporal partie; to whom alſo it is
committed him to priſon; but conſcious that they “ full expedyent to have competent congruite for
ſhould not be able to ſupport the charge againſt many cauſes, as to your wiſdomes apperith.
the worthy duke, they procured him to be pri " And for afmuche as to the citee of London is
vately murdered during the firſt night of his im " the common concourſe of this land, ſom lake
priſonment, and cauſing his body to be expoſed os of ſchole Maiſtres in their own contree, for to
on the following day, they reported that he had “ be enfourmed of gramer ther, and ſom for
died
" the grete Almeſs of lordes, merchants, and
“ others, that which is in London, more plen-
ſeized, were brought to their trial, and ſentence
of death being paſſed upon them, they were reaume, to ſuch pouere creatures as never
drawn to Tyburn, where they were hanged, but « ſhould have be brought to fo greet vertu and
cut down alive, ſtripped naked, and marked with counyng as thei have, ne had hit been by the
a knife, in order to their being quartered; but meane of the Almeſs aboveſaid :
at this inſtant the duke of Suffolk produced a " Wherefore it were expedyent that in Lon-
pardon, and being brought back to the city, they - don were a ſufficient nombre of ſcholes, and
all recovered.
good enfourmers in gramer ; and not, for the
About this period the public ſchools for the “ fingular avail of two or three perſones grieva
education of youth had ſo far
uth had fo far gone to decay, that so ouſly to hurt the moltitude of yong people
the groſſeſt ignorance prevailed among the people 66 of al this land. For wherther is grete
in general.
“ nombre of lerners and few techers; and althe
To remedy this defect, by improving the riſing “ lerners be compelled to go to the few techers,
generation in grammatical knowledge, four cler 66 and to noon others, the maiſtreſs waxen rich
gymen petitioned the parliament for leave to fet " of monie, and the lerners pourer in counyng,
up ſchools in the reſpective pariſhes of Allhallows as experyence openlie fhewith ayenſt all vertu
the Great, St. Andrew, Holborn, St. Peter, " and ordre of well publik.
Cornhill, and St. Mary, Colechurch, with liberty " And theſe premiſes moven and ſturen of
for their ſeveral ſucceſſors to continue the faid greet devocion and pitee maiſtre William
ſchools.
“ Lycchefeld perſon of the pariſh chirche of
As this petition may be fuppoſed to have been “ Al Hallowen the Moor in London, Maiſtre
drawn up by men of learning, with their greateſt “ Gilbert, perſon of Seint Andrewe Holbourne,
care, and the utmoſt exertion of their abilities, “ in the ſuburbs of the ſaid citee, Maiſtre John
we have carefully tranſcribed it from the records “ Cote, perſon of Seint Petre in Cornhul of
in the Tower of London, as a curious ſpecimen “ London, and John Neel, Maiſtre of the houſ
of the language and manner of ſpelling then or Hoſpital of Seint Thomas of Acres, and
in uſe.
“ perſon of Colchirche in London; to compleyne
unto you, and for remedie beſechn you, to pray
" To the ful worthie and diſcrete communes " the kyng our ſoveraign lord, that he by the
“ in this preſent parlement aſſemblyd to conſidre 66 the advys and affent of the lords ſpirituel and
" the grete Nombre of gramer fcholes that " temporel in this preſent parliament aſſembled,
" ſometyme were in divers parties of this realme, “6 and by authoritie of the ſame parliament, will
“ beſides thoſe that were in London, and how provide, ordeyne, and graunt to the ſaid Maiſtre
66 William
66

124
HISTORY and SURVÉŽ of LONDON.
«
es William and his ſucceſſors, that they in the tween Cade and ſome of the citizens; and in one
« ſaid parich of Al Hallowen, to the ſaid of the letters he enjoined the ſaid Çock to demand
« Maiſtre Gilbert, and his ſucceſſors, that they | horſes, arms, and a thouſand marks in money of
cs in the ſaid parich of Seint Andrew, to the ſaid the Genoa, Venetian, and Florence merchants re-
« Maiſtre John and his ſucceſſors, that they in ſiding in London.
" the ſaid parich of Seint Petre, and to the faid As ſoon as the king received intelligence of
John Maiſtre, (of the ſaid hoſpital] and his this rebellion, he ſent a meſſenger to demand the
“ fucceſſors; that they within the forefaid parich cauſe of their appearance in arms; to whom Cade,
" of our ladie of Colchirche, in the which ſaid in the name of the reſt, replied, that they had
6 houſe of St. Thomas is ſette ; may ordeyne, no deſign againſt the perſon of his majeſty'; but
“ create, eſtabliſh, and ſett a perſon ſufficientlie their intention was to addreſs the parliament, that
“ lerned in granier, to hold and exerciſe a ſchole all evil miniſters might receive their deſerts; and
“ in the ſame ſcience of gramer, and is there || in particular he demanded that the duke of Sa-
to tech to al that will lern.
merſet ſhould be puniſhed for the loſs of Nor-
“ And that everiche of the ſaid Maiſtres, | mandy, and that the king's council might be
« Maiſtre William, Maiſtre Gilbert, Maiſtre compoſed of the princes of the blood, and other
John, and John Neel, Maiſtre ; ſuch ſchole wiſe and worthy perſons; and not of wretches
“ Maiſtre, fo bi him fett, and everiche of their equally contemptible for the weakneſs of their
66 ſucceſſors, ſuch ſchole-Maiſtre bi him, or bi intellects, and the depravity of their hearts.
any of his predeceſſors ſo eſtabliſhed and ſett, The king in council being informed of Cade's
ſpecially as is above rehercid, may in his own propoſals, the council immediately condemned
parich or place remove, and another in his them as arrogant and feditious, and determined
place ſubſtitute, and ſett, as any of the ſaid to fuppreſs the rebellion by force of arms; and
perſones, or their fucceffors ſemith, [and] the an army of fifteen thouſand men being aſſembled,
" caufe reaſonable ſo requireth.
the king advanced at their head towards Black-
" And ſo to do ich of the ſaid perſones and heatli, .
66 and their fucceffors, as often as it happenych As his majeſty advanced, Cade retired, as if
“ any of the ſaid ſcholes to be void of a ſchole afraid of coming to an engagement, and retreated
“ maiſtre in any manner wyſe, to the honour of into a wood near Sevenoaks in Kent, expecting
“ God, and encreaſyng of virtu.”
that the king's army emboldened at his retreat,
would purſue him in diſorder ; but Henry, ima-
The following is the anſwer given to the above || gining that the rebels were totally diſperſed, re-
recited : “ the king wille that it be done as it is turned towards London, having firſt detached a
deſired, ſo that it be done bi th' advyſe of the ſmall party in purſuit of the fugitives, under the
ordinary, the relles of archbiſhope of Canter command of lord Stafford, who falling into the
“ bury for the tyme being."
ambuſcade, he and all his followers were cut to
In the year 1450, one Jack Cade, a native of || pieces.
Ireland, who greatly reſembled John Mortimer, As ſoon as Cade had gained this advantage, he
prince of the blood of the family of March, || again marched towards London ; while the king
who had been beheaded in the beginning of this and court retired haſtily to Kenilworth caſtle,
reign, began a ſcene of impoſture of a very ex having left a ſtrong garriſon in the Tower of
traordinary kind.
London, under the command of lord Scales.
Cade, who had ſerved as a ſoldier in France, The citizens of London, being either averſe to
“ under the duke of York, was nothing more the government, or terrified at the ſucceſs of the
than the tool of that prince, who thought it ad rebels, opened the gates at their approach, and
viſeable to prepare the nation for his deſign of Cade entered in triumph, at the head of his
aſcending the throne, by exciting their affection troops, which had been greatly augmented ſince
to the houſe or Mortimer.
his victory : but he forbad his followers, on the
The courage, capacity, and ſpirit of Cade, had ſevereft penalties, to commit the leaſt outrage on
he and
|| .
the duke of York's agents, than he aſſumed the It is recorded of this celebrated impoſtor, that
name of John Mortimer, pretending to be the in his march through Cannon-ſtreer, he ftruck
ſon of John Mortimer, the perſon who had been London-ſtone with his ſword, and exclaimed,
beheaded ; and repairing to the county of Kent, now is Mortimer lord of this city!” In the
in which the duke of York had a great number evening Cade withdrew to Southwark, but re-
of adherents, he collected a ſtrong body of male turned to London on the following day, and
contents, on pretence of delivering the people || hearing that the lord treaſurer Say was in the city,
from the burden of taxes, and redreſſing the he gave immediate orders for his being apprehend-
grievances of the nation.
ed, and cauſed him to be beheaded without any
Such prodigious numbers of people foon flock form of trial. 20
ed to his ſtandard, that finding himſelf in a con Thus did Cade continue for ſome days to enter
dition to advance towards London, he march the city in the morning, and retire at night, that
ed, and encamped on Blackheath with all his he 'might not give offence to the citizens, with
forces.
whom, for ſome time, he maintained a good
From hence Cade fent letters of ſafe conduet underſtanding
to Thomas Cock, a draper in the city, who re At length, however, the rebels having pillaged
paired to him for the tranfa&ting ſome affairs be ſeveral of the citizens, and committed many
violent
66
a

HISTORY and StRier of LONDON
125
violent outrages, Cade one morning found the week before Whitſuntide, ſoon after which the
gate of the bridge ſhut and ſecured againſt || parliament afſembled, removed all the king's evil
him.
counſellors, and made choice of the duke of York
Hereupon he attempted to force à paſſage ; to be protector of the kingdom.
upon which a battle enſued between the citizens At this period there were ſeveral extraordinary
and the rebels, which laſted till night put an end riots in this city, of which the two following weré
to the combat.
the moſt remarkable. A number of the inhabi-
The archbiſhop of Canterbury, and the lord tants of St. Martin's-le-Grand aſſembled, and
chancellor, who had taken refuge in the Tower, || having violently aſſaulted the citizens, ſeveral of
being informed by their emiſſaries that the rebels whom they beat and wounded, they returned to
were greatly diſpirited by this repulſe, and hear their habitations within the ſanctuary of their
tily tired of the rebellion; they immediately church.
drew up an act of amneſty, confirmed by the This affair being repreſented to the mayor and
ſánction of the great ſeal, which they cauſed to aldermen, they went to the monaſtery with pro-
be publiſhed in Southwark before the next even per attendants, forced open the door and ſeized
ing.
the rioters, whom they committed to priſon.
This expedient produced an effect as happy Hereupon the dean of Weſtminſter complained
as it was ſudden; for the rebels, anxious to eſcape to the king that the mayor and aldermen had been
the puniſhment due to their crimes; deſerted in || guilty of a breech of privilege; upon which they
ſuch numbers, that, by break of day, Cade were ſummoned before the king and council, then
found himſelf almoſt alone, and was obliged to at Egle in Hertfordſhire, who, after a long exa-
take ſhelter in the woods of Suſſex.
mination, diſmiſſed them, with an order to detain
His Aight was no ſooner known, than the go the rioters in cuſtody till his majeſty ſhould come
vernment iſſued a proclamation, with a reward of to London, and enquire more particularly into
a thouſand marks, to any perſon who ſhould take the merits of the affair.
him, alive or dead; and it was not long before The particulars of the other riot are as follow.
he was diſcovered in a garden, at Hothfield in A young mercer of the city of London, having
Suffex, by Alexander Eden, a Kentiſh gentle reſided ſome time in Italy, where, by the laws of
man, who endeavoured to apprehend him; but the country, he was forbid to wear a dagger, be-
Cade fought till he was killed on the ſpot ; || ing returned to England, accidentally met an
and his body being brought in a cart to London, Italian in Cheapſide, with a dagger by his fide.
his head was cut off and fixed upon London This circumſtance ſo highly offended the mercer,
bridge, together with the heads of nine of his that he ſnatched the dagger and broke the fo-
accomplices.
reigner's head with it, affirming, that as himſelf
Thus happily ended this dangerous rebellion, had not been allowed to wear a weapon in Italy,
chiefly through the bravery of the citizens of neither ſhould the other in London.
London, whoſe courageous reſiſtance of the in The Italian applied to the Lord-mayor for re-
furgents at London-bridge, paved the way for all dreſs, who ſummoned the mercer to appear before
the happy conſequences that followed.
himſelf and the whole court of aldermen, and,
In the year 1451, Godfrey Fielding, mayor of upon full conviction of his guilt, ſentenced him
London, being greatly in favour with the king, to be impriſoned in Newgate : but as the proper
his majeſty created him one of his privy-counſel officers were conveying him to the jail, a number
lors. We mention not this circumſtance as a of ſervants in the mercery buſineſs, ſtopped
matter of any great importance in itſelf, but to them near the end of Laurence-lane, Cheapſide,
obviate a miſtake which has lately prevailed, that and reſcued the priſoner.
Mr. Harley, late Lord.mayor of London, was The populace, taking the advantage of the con-
the firſt perſon in that rank of life that was ever fufion which this affair occaſioned, immediately
honoured with a feat in the privy-council. aſſembled in great numbers, and plundered the
The cuſtom of the Lord-mayor elect being houſes of the moſt eminent Italian merchants in
rowed in a barge to Weſtminſter, in order to the city; nor was the tumult appeaſed without
qualify himſelf for his office, took its riſe in the bloodſhed; while the mercer who had occaſioned
year 1454, when John Norman, the newly choſen all the diſturbance, took ſanctuary in the abbey
mayor, having built an elegant barge at his own church of St. Peter, where he remained till the
expence, his example was imitated by the ſeveral whole matter was adjuſted.
city companies, who attended him in their re-
The report of theſe riots gave great uneaſineſs
ſpective barges, magnificently painted, and a to the queen and her party, who apprehended that
dorned with flags and ſtreamers.
they might be ſet on foot by the adherents of the
The queen and her party continuing to influ duke of York: whereupon her majeſty diſpatched
ence all the king's actions, the affections of his the dukes of Exeter and Buckingham, with other
ſubjects were at length lo entirely alienated from noblemen, to alift the mayor and aldermen in the
him, that great numbers of them joined the duke trial and puniſhment of the offenders.fr
of York, who with an army compoſed of Welſh A court was accordingly held at Guildhall, and
men and the diſſatisfied Engliſh, engaged the they were proceeding to impannel the jury, when
king's army at St. Alban's, and after an obftinate the mob afſembled in greater numbers than ever,
battle, Henry was taken priſoner, ſent to London, and threatened that if their fellow citizens, then
and confined in the palace of the biſhop of that in priſon on account of the late riots, were tried,
dioceſe.
they would take a fevere revenge.
The battle above mentioned happened in the Theſe threats fo intimidated the court, that
Ii
they
II

126
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
they immediately broke up, and the queen’s com « in London from henceforward on the 3d of
miffioners retired with the utmoſt precipitation : C6 October yearly ; and alſo on the patron's day
but the mayor, foreſeeing that if a ſtop was not 66 of each church in London and its ſuburbs.
put to the riotous proceedings of the populace, 66 And if ſuch inhabited houſes be lett for 2os.
there would be an end of all civil government in " to pay two farthings or a halfpenny; if for
the city, he ſummoned a court or common-coun 30s. to pay three farthings: if for 40s. to pay
cil, to meet at Guildhall on the following day, " id. if for 50s. to pay id. one farthing. And
and ſtrictly enjoined the warden of every fellow 6 ſo every ſum, aſcending and deſcending by 105.
ſhip to aſſemble his whole fellowſhip at the re « into what ſum foever, ſhall always offer one
ſpective halls that very afternoon, and to charge farthing, after the rate of 1os. at the foreſaid
every member of their community, to keep, in c feaſts.--And he, who rents houſes in divers
his own perſon, and endeavour to maintain the " pariſhes within London and its ſuburbs, ſhall
peace of the city: and that if they ſhould dif “ pay or offer the ſame, for each houſe, to the
cover or ſuſpect any perſon inclined to attempt the “ church in which pariſh it ſtands. Provided
forcible releaſe of ſuch perſons as were in priſon, " that ſhould it happen two of the ſaid feaſts
the ſaid warden ſhould, by fair means, endea o fall on one day, the offering ſhall be only for
vour to perſuade the parties ſo diſpoſed to change 66 one day. That a houſe, rented at 6s. 8 d. ſhall
their ſentiments, and in the mean time give their " offer only four times in the year, on the four
name or names privately to the mayor.
principal feaſts of the church, of which he is
The conſequence of this proceeding was, that co a pariſhioner. And all above 6s. 8d, and under
all tumults ſubſided, and the queen's commiſſion Ios. to pay id. one farthing once a year. Pro-
ers returning to the city, the priſoners were 6 vided always that if the ſaid dweller go before
brought to their trial, three of whom were con «c the curate, and there declare, upon his faith
demned and hanged at Tyburn, and ſeveral others 65 and truth, that he may not pay his ſaid inoney
fined in conſiderable ſums of money.
- according to the ordinance aforeſaid, be within
It having been found by experience that the " jos. that the ſaid curate ſhall holden him, aught
four grammar ſchools already founded were pro " or naught, and the dweller thereupon ſhall be
ductive of great public good ; five other ſchools quit. Allo if the rent of the houſe exceeds
were now opened, (under the auſpices of the « 1os. and does not amount to 30s. and ſo to any
archbiſhop of Canterbury, and the biſhop of " fum being between 1os. and 10s. the inhabi-
London) which were reſpectively ſituated within « tant ſhall pay to the curate five farthings for
the church-yard of St. Paul; at the collegiate every ſhilling of the ſaid ſum that ſhall be be:
church of St. Martin-le-Grand; at Bow-church 66 tween ten and ten. Where a houſe is taken
in Cheapſide ; at St. Dunſtan's in the eaſt ; and together, and afterwards let out into apart-
at the hoſpital of St. Anthony.
“ ments for divers people, then the perſon who
Towards the cloſe of the year 1456 two whales, " took the whole houſe, and inhabiteth the prin-
a ſword-fiſh, and a fiſh called Mors Marina, were cipal part thereof, ſhall pay an offering to his
taken in the river Thames near Erith; which the pariſh church for the whole rent, if the ſaid
inhabitants of London, who were at that time " houſe be inhabited and occupied as dwelling-
amazingly ſuperſtitious, conſidered as the fure places. But if the perſon, who rents the whole
prognoſticks of public calamity and misfortune. 6. houſe, does not dwell in any part thereof, and
A power having been granted to the curates of es lets it out again, then he that dwelleth in the
the churches of London, in the year 1453, to principal part ſhall offer all, and the reſt 4d.
levy certain rates or offerings upon the laity, it 66 by the year. Alſo every warehouſe, ſhop,
had given riſe to many diſputes between the cler 56 cellar, wharf, ſtable, crane, ground, garden,
gy and their pariſhioners : but in the year 1457, “ or place, ſhall pay, for every pound, they be
theſe diſputes were finally adjuſted, by the clergy « let for, 6d. offering to the curate of the church,
agreeing to accept, and the laity to pay, the fol « in which they ſhall ſtand, without any other
lowing compoſition.
offering; and 3d. for ios. per ann. rent; and
" more or leſs as they ſhall be let for more or leſs
The compoſition of all offering within the city of " than IOS. per ann.
It was alſo provided,
LONDON and ſuburbs of the ſame.
" that all apprentices and ſervants and hired men
“ within the ſaid city, not charged with ſuch rent
“ Firſt, that every perſon, dweller and inha " and houſes, which ſhall be houſholder at Eaſter,
“ bitant in any houſe in London, or its ſuburbs, 66 or about Eaſter, ſhall four times in the year,
“ who hireth and occupieth the ſame at ios per " at the four principal feaſts offer to God and
annum, ſhall offer to God, and to the church us to the church. Alſo as for perſonal tythes,
“ in whoſe pariſh ſuch houſe ſtandeth, one far " the pariſhioners are neither charged nor dif-
" thing on each of the feaſt days, hereafter men charged; ſaving that hereafter no curate ſhall
s tioned; viz, on every Sunday in the year, vex, trouble, ſue, or deny ſacraments or fer-
“ Chriſtmas-day, circumciſion, epiphany, puri “ vice for non payment of the ſame; but leave
“ fication of our lady, aſcenſion of our Lord, " them to the piety and conſcience of the pariſh-
" Corpus Chriſti, St. Matthew, St. Simon and " ioners. Alſo all proceedings or ſuits, hitherto
" Jude, All-ſaints, St. Andrew, conception of 66 carried on for tythes or offerings before this
« the bleſſed Virgin, St. Thomas the apoſtle, St. day, ſhall ſtop and never be brought into con-
« Peter and Paul, St. James and St. Bartholo 66 troverſy any more : but all ſuch things, done
“ mew, aſſumption and nativity of our lady, de « before this day, ſhall be remitted and forgiven
* dication day : to be kept for all the churches by both parties.”
66
It

HİSTORY and
SURVE r of LONDON.
127
is proper to obſerve, that at this time, there Hereupon that nobleman, who foreſaw the in:
were, within the city of London, and the fu tention of the citizens to admit the earl of March,
burbs thereof, one hundred and eighteen pariſh || poffeffed himſelf of the Tower, and threatened
churches.
to lay the city in alhes; in caſe the rebels were
In the year 1458, the king and queen, the dukes admitted.
of York, Exeter, and Somerſet, the earls of It appears, however, that theſe menaces had
Warwick, Northumberland and Saliſbury, and but little weight with che Londoners ; for the earl
the lords Egermond, and Clifford, having ar of March no ſooner appeared before the gates of
rived in the city of London, and all of them be the city; than he was received with every poſſia
ing attended by great numbers of guards ; (the ble demonftration of joy:
loweſt number being four hundred) Godfrey The metropolis having thus declared for the
Buloine, the Lord-mayor, began to be apprehen- | earl, he immediately marched at the head of
five for the ſafety of the city ; upon which he twenty-five thouſand men, in ſearch of the king;
cauſed five thouſand citizens to mount guard, un leaving the earl of Saliſbury, with the remainder
der his own command, and two thouſand every of his army; to defend the city againſt lord
night, under the command of three aldermen; by || Scales, who really did as he had threatened, firing
which prudent meaſure the peace of the city was guns upon the city in ſuch a manner, as to deſtroy
preſerved, till the departure of its illuſtrious, but many houſes and kill ſeveral people:
unwelcome viſiors.
Hereupon the earl of Saliſbury blocked up
The meaſures of the court were at length ſo the Tower on all ſides, and erected a battery on
oppreſſive as not to be endured; when the earl of the oppoſite ſide of the Thames, which foon pre-
March, chiefly on the invitation of the Londoners, vented Scales from firing on the city.
landed at Sandwich, in Kent, from Calais.
In a ſhort time after this the king's army was
The king was no ſooner informed of the earl's routed at Northampton, which being followed by
arrival in England, than he commanded lord many other advantages on the ſide of the earl of
Scales to march with a large body of troops, to March, the latter was; at length, received into
poſleſs himſelf of the city of London ; but the London with every poſſible teſtimony of joy; and
Lord-mayor refuſed to admit an army within the in a convention of the nobility, clergy, gentry
line of his juriſdiction; and told lord Scales, that and citizens, held at Baynard's caftle, king Henry
he wanted no aſſiſtance, either in the government was depoſed, and the earl of March unanimouſly
or defence of the city.
choſen king by the name of Edward IV.
Ć H A P T E R XXIV.
66
Edward the fourth proclaimed.
Crowned. Grants a valuable charter to the citizens. Para
ticulars of the ſecond charter of king Edward the fourtb. Sentence of excommunication
pronounced againſt the wearers of long-toed ſhoes. A jury puniſhed
for perjury.
ING Henry was no ſooner depoſed, than “ Edward, by the grace of God, king of
Edward the fourth was proclaimed at the England and France, and lord of Ireland, to
uſual places of making proclamation in all archbiſhops, &c. greeting. Although as
the cities of London and Weſtminſter.
“ we underſtand fuch things altogether as ought
One of the firſt actions of this monarch evin 66 to be holden and determined by conſervators of
ced an arbitrary turn of mind, which does him “ the peace, and juſtices aſſigned for
hearing and
no ſmall diſhonour. One Walker, a grocer, who « determining divers felonies, treſpaſſes, and
lived at the ſign of the crown in Cheapfide, hav “ miſdemeanors; in all the counties of our realm
ing, in a joke, ſaid that he would make his ſon “ of England, by the king's authority, by virtue
heir to the crown, (meaning his own ſign) it came " of the ordinances and ſtatutes of our realm
to the knowledge of the king, who ordered the " aforeſaid; made for the good of the peace, and
unfortunate man to be beheaded in Smithfield ; rule of our people, have always, time out of
which was accordingly performed on the eighth “ mind, been uſed and well affirmed, and yet be
day after the king's acceſſion to the throne.
in our city of London: nevertheleſs, to the end
On the twenty-ſeventh of June, 1460, being u that from henceforth one good, certain and
the day appointed for his majeſty's coronation, « undoubted manner may be continually had in
he rode from the Tower through the city in great our city, for the conſervation of the peace, and
ftate to Weſtminſter, where the ceremony was “ governing our people of the fame, and that
performed.
" the ſame may always be, and remain a city of
This monarch, in the ſecond year of his reign, peace and quietneſs: we will of our mere
in grateful acknowledgment of repeated favours « motion, and by tenor of theſe preſents do
from the citizens of London, granted them a va grant, for us, and as much as in us is, to the
luable charter, of which we have fubjoined a mayor and commonalty of the city aforeſaid,
faithful copy, that our fellow-citizens may be " and to the citizens of the ſame, and to their fuc-
well inſtructed in their ancient, chartered, and “ ceffors for ever, that they may have and hold
invaluable privileges !
« all and ſingular their liberties and free cuſtoms,
66
66
as

128
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
60
the
as whole and found as ever they had and held peace, and of ſuch juſtices within the ſaid city,
“ them in all time of our progenitors. And fur " and the liberties thereof, according to the form
“ cher we grant, for us and our heirs aforeſaid, " aforeſaid, as often, and at ſuch times, as ſhall be
CC to the
mayor and commonalty, and citizens, by them, or any of them, on our behalf, duly
" and to their ſucceſſors, the libercies and autho required. Saving always to the mayor and com-
rities, acquittals and franchiſes, under written ; monalty, and the citizens of the fanie city, and
" that is to ſay, that from henceforth the mayor to their ſucceſſors, the cuſtoms, liberties and fran-
" and recorder of the ſaid city who now be, and " chiſes, which we will and ſtrictly command to
" their fucceffors, and the mayors and recorders « be inviolably obſerved in all things, as they
" which for the tiine ſhall be, as well thoſe al “ and their predeceſſors before the making of
" dermen which before this time have been " theſe preſents obſerved the fame. And becauſe
mayors of the ſame city, as other aldermen we underſtand, that by the moſt ancient cuſtom
“
or who ſhall hereafter ſuſtain the charge of mayor “ of the ſaid city, it is there had, and in the cir-
alty, and ſhall not be thereof diſmiſſed as long “ cuits of the juſtices of our progenitors, ſome-
as they ſhall there renain aldermen for ever ; “ times kings of England, it is allowed to the
66 ſhall be conſervators of the preſent peace of “ faid citizens, that the mayor and aldermen of
our city, and the peace of our ſucceſſors of the " the ſaid city, for the time being, ought to re-
« faid city and liberties thereof as well by land 66 cord all their ancient cuſtoms by word of
as by water. And to keep or cauſe to be kept, “ mouth, as often and at ſuch time as any thing
« all ordinances and ſtatutes, made and to be 6 ſhould be moved in act or queſtion before any
" made for the good of our peace, and for judges or juſtices touching their cuſtoms afore-
« quietneſs, rule, and government of our peo-
faid; as in their claims in the laſt circuit of
" ple, in all their articles, as well within the " juſtices holden at our Tower of London it is
“ city aforeſaid, as the liberty and ſuburbs of the “ more fully contained: We, conſidering the
“ fame, as well by land as by water, according " ſame thing, being willing rather to enlarge
to all the force, form and effect of the fame. " than diminiſh the cuſtom of the ſaid city, of
" and to chaſtiſe and puniſh whom they ſhall our ſpecial grace have granted, for us, our
“ find offending, contrary to the form and effect " heirs and ſucceffors, unto the ſaid mayor and
56 of the ſaid ordinances and ſtatutes, as accord commonalty, and citizens, and their ſucceſſors,
66 ing to the form of the ordinances and ſtatutes " that whenſoever any iſſue ſhall be taken on any
" aforeſaid, ſhould be done. We will alſo and “ plea of, or upon the cuſtom of the city of
grant to the ſaid mayor and commonalty and “ London, between any parties in pleading, (yea
citizens, and their 'fucceffors that the now " though themſelves be parties) or if any thing
mayor and his fucceffors aforeſaid, and the re « in plea, act, and queſtion, touching the ſaid
“ corder of the ſaid city which for the time ſhall “ cuſtoms be moved, or happen before us or our
66 be: and ſuch aldermen as aforeſaid, or four of "" heirs to be holden, the juſtices of the common
" the fame, mayor, recorder, and aldermen, of - bench, the treaſurer and barons of our exche-
" whom we will that ſuch mayor for the time quer, or of our heirs, or before the barons of
56 being, and his ſucceſſors, to be one, be ju “ fuch like exchequer, or any other the juſtices
ftices, and have ſo aſſigned them juſtices for " of us, or our heirs, which ſhall exact or
“ us and our fucceffors for ever; to enquire, require inquiſition, recognizance, certificate or
“ hear, and determine, as often and at ſuch times « trial, the ſame mayor and aldermen of the ſaid
as to them ſhall ſeem meet, of all manner of “ city for the time being, and their fucceffors,
« felonies, treſpaſſes, foreſtalling and regratings, « ſhall record, teſtify, and declare, whether ſuch
" extortions and other miſdemeanors within the “ be a cuſtom or not, by the recorder of the
6 faid city, or the liberties or ſuburbs thereof, « fame city for the time being, by word of
as well by land as by water, by whomſoever, mouch; and that there may be ſpeedy proceſs
or after what manner ſoever, done or commit " by that record, certificate, and declaration, ſuch
ted, and which from henceforth ſhall happen " cuſtom ſo alledged ſhall be allowed for a cuf-
to be done : and alſo to hear and determine, 66 tom, or accounted not for a cuſtom, without
«c and execute all and ſingular other things which “ any jury therefore to be taken, or further pro-
“ ſhall pertain to our juſtices of peace within our “ ceſs thereupon to be made. And furthermore
realm of England. So always, that the ſaid “ we have granted to them, the mayor and con-
« mayor and citizens, and their ſucceſſors, may « monalty, and citizens, that though they and
“ have and hold all and ſingular their antient " their ſucceſſors, or the ſaid mayor and alder-
« liberties and cuſtoms, whole, free, and found, - men, and their predeceſſors in time paſt, or
“ the premiſes in any thing notwithſtanding. « their ſucceſſors hereafter, have for ſome cauſe
Given to our ſheriffs of the city aforeſaid for “ perchance fully not uſed; or abuſed any of the
“ the time being, and to their ſucceſſors, and to all • liberties, acquittals, grants, ordinances, arti-
“ whatſoever citizens of the faid city, which as cles, or free-cuſtoms, or other thing contained
« now be, and which hereafter for the time ſhall 6 in theſe our writings, or in other our writings,
« be, by tenor of theſe preſents; ftreightly in of our progenitors, ſometimes kings of Eng-
« commandment, that they be attendant, coun (6 land, to the ſame mayor and commonalty grant-
e ſelling, anſwering and aiding the ſaid keepers “ ed: notwithſtanding we will not, that the ſame
« of the peace aforeſaid, the now mayor, re “ mayor and commonalty, aldermen and citizens,
« corder, and to their ſucceſſors, and to ſuch al cs or their ſucceſſors, ſhall therefore incur the
“ dermen as aforeſaid, in all things they do, or “ forfeitures of any of the premiſes : but they
may pertain to the office of conſervator of the " and their ſucceffors may from henceforth fully
enjoy
66
or

HİS TÖRL and SURVÉ V of LONDON.
$29
so
(4
OG
66
66
66
co
CG
66
แ
's enjoy and uſe all and fingular the liberties, recognizances; or.inquiſitions, out of the faid
“ grants, acquittals, ordinances, articles, free city, and that they nor any of them ſhall be
66 cuftoms, and other things whatſoever, ſo not tryer or tryers of the ſame, although they
“ uſed or abufed; in the charters aforeſaid con " touch us, or our heirs, or ſucceſſors, or other
6 tained, and every of them, without impeach whomſover.
ment or let of us, or our heirs, juſtices; ef " And that without that city neither they nor
so cheators, ſheriffs, or other our bailiffs and
any
of them be made collectors or collector,
«6 miniſters, or of any other whatſoever ally; fta affeffor, taxer, overſeer, or comptroller of the
so tutes or ordinances made; or judgments given; 66 tenths, fifteenths, taxes, tallages, ſubſidies, or
« or any other charters, or any the charters of our “ other charges; or impoſitions whatſoever, to us
predeceffors whatſoever, in times paft granted our heirs, or fucceffors, hereafter to be granted
to the contrary notwithſtanding. And we, be or given: and if they; or any of them, be
65 ing willing further to do the ſaid mayor and " elected to any of the offices or charges afore-
66 commonalty a greater pleaſure ; and alſo for cs faid, and that the ſaid mayor or aldermen do
" the bettering and common profit of our ſaid " deny, refuſe; or not do the offices or charges
“ city, will and grant to the ſaid mayor and com áforeſaid, then they, or any of them, ſhall not
s monalty, and their ſucceffors, that from hence by any means incur any contempt, loſs, pain,
sc forth all and ſingular merchants, as well deni ós fine, impriſonment, or forfeiture, by occaſion
zens as aliens, abiding within the ſaid city, c of their fo refuſing or not doing; nor ſhall for
66 and the liberties and ſuburbs of the ſame, and 56 that cauſe forfeit any iſſues by any means: and
exerciſing merchandizing or occupations there, further, as we underſtand, lord Edward, fomë-
" by any means, by themſelves or others, though 66 times king of England, the third, after the con-
56 they be not of the liberty of the ſame city, “ queſt, our progenitor, with the afferit of the pre-
" ſhall be partakers, ſhall be taxed, and contri “ lates, earls, barons and commonalty of the realm
bute according to their faculties in ſubſidies, " of England, aſſembled in parliament, holden at
" tallages, grants, and other contributions whát " Weſtminſter, in the firſt year of his reign, at the
“ foever, by any means to be affefſed, for the is petition of the then citizens of the ſaid city,
“ need of us, or of our heirs, or of the ſaid city, o by his letters patents granted, for him and his
" for the maintenance of the ſtate and profit of 5. heirš, to the ſame citizens, the town of South-
" the ſame with the citizens of the ſaid city: yet cc wark, with the appurtenanceš; to have and to
notwithſtanding, that this our preſent grant be - hold to them and their ſucceſſors, citizens of the
es not in prejudice or derogation of any grants by
66 ſame city, of the fame our progenitors, and
us, or any of our progenitors, made or granted 56 their heirs for ever ; paying unto him by the
to thoſe merchants of Almaine, which have an w year, at the exchequer of him and his heirs, at
6 houſe in the city of London, which is commonly
66 the terms áccuſtomed, the farm therefore due
c called the Guildhall of the Almains, or their " and accuſtomed, as in the ſaid letters patents
c fucceffors. And further, becauſe it is well 66 more fully is contained. And now the mayor
« known and manifeft, that thoſe of the ſaid city “ and commonalty of the ſaid city, and their
66 which are called elected, and taken to the de 66 predeceſſors, have and hold certain liberties and
gree of aldermen, proper for the conditions and 6 franchiſes in the town aforeſaid by virtue of thoſe
“ merits requiring the fame, have ſuſtained and 6 letters patents; and do uſe the ſame as their
" ſupported great charges, coſt, and pains, for the cc predeceffors have had and held them, and have
« time they make their abode and reſidence in the « uſed and enjoyed them; and they now fear that
“ fame city, being vigilant for the common good, “ divers doubts, opinions, varieties, ambiguities,
65 rule, and government of the ſame, and for that 66 controverſies and diffentions; may light, and
“ cauſe oftentimes do leave their poffeffions, and be likely to ſpring, grow, be imagined, holder',
places in the countries there; that therefore they 66 and had in time to come, in and about the uſe
" and every of them, may, without all fear of un
66 and exerciſe of ſuch liberties and franchiſes,
quietneſs or moleſtation, peaceably abide and 66 for want of more clear and full declaration and
tarry in ſuch their houſes, places and poſſeſſions, expreſſing of the ſame; for that divers diverſy
« when they ſhall return thither for comfort and < interpret; judge, and underſtand: we therefore,
o recreation's ſake. We have, of our ſpecial « to the end to take away from henceforth and
grace, granted to the ſaid mayor and common. utterly aboliſh all and all manner of cauſes,
" alty, and to their ſucceſſors aforeſaid, that all « occaſions, and matters, whereupon ſuch opi-
" and every of thoſe which be aldermen of the " nions, ambiguities, varieties, controverſies, and
« ſaid city, and their ſucceſſors which for the time " diffentions may ſpring, be holden; and moved
" ſhall be aldermen there, for the term of their cs in this behalf, have, of our ſpecial grace, and
« lives ſhall have this liberty ; that is to ſay, • from our meer motion, granted to the ſaid
« that as long as they ſhall continue aldermen " mayor and commonalty of the faid city which
66 there, and ſhall bear the charge of aldermen « now be, and their ſucceffors, mayor and com-
proper ; and alſo thoſe which before had been monalty and citizens of that city, which for the
“ aldermen, and have alſo with their great coſts s time being ſhall be for ever, the town of South-
« and expences born the offices of mayoralty, “ wark, with the appurtenances; with all chat-
« ſhall not be put in any aſſizes, juries, or attaints, “ tels, called waif * and eſtray t; and alſo treaſure
“6
66
Goods dropt by a thief being cloſely purſued or over-
loaded.
† Cattle loſt, both which being found in any lordſhip, and
not owned by any man, which being cried, according to law,
II
in three markets adjoining, if it be not claimed by theowner
in a year and a day, it is then the lord's of the ſoil where
found,
Kk
&* found

130
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
6 found in the town aforeſaid, and all manner of ing, without any impediment, let or hindrance
handy-work, goods and chattels of traitors, " of us, our heirs or ſucceſſors, or other our
6 felons defamed, and denying the law of our C officers and miniſters whatſoever. And alſo that
" land, whereſoever or before whomſoever juſtice they may there have a view of frankpledge, I
“ſhall be done upon them; and alſo goods diſ « and whatſoever thereto pertaineth, together
claimed, found, or being within the town afore Co with all ſummons, attachments, arrefts, iſſues,
« ſaid ; and alſo all manner of eſcheats and for “ amerciaments, fines, redemptions, profits, com-
“ feicures which may there pertain unto us, as “ modities, and other things whatſoever, which
“ fully and wholly as we ſhould have them if the " there may or ought therefore to pertain to us,
66 fame town were in our hands. And that it ſhall " our heirs and ſucceſſors. And furthermore, the
« be lawful to the ſame mayor and commonalty, ss aforeſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens,
« and to their ſucceſſors, by their deputy and cs and their ſucceffors, may by themſelves, or by
« miniſters of the ſame town, to put themſelves " their miniſter or deputy in the ſaid town ap-
« in poſſeſſion of and in all the handy-works and pointed, take and arreft all manner of felons,
“ chattels of all manner of traitors, felons, fugi " Thieves, and other malefactors, found within
“ tives, outlaws, condemned, convicted, and of " the ſaid town, and may lead them to our gaol
« felons defamed, and denying the laws of our «c of Newgate, ſafely to be kept until they ſhall
“ land; and alſo of and in all goods diſclaimed, 66 be by proceſs of law delivered. And further,
« found, and being within the ſaid town; and “ the faid mayor and commonalty, and citizens
66 alſo of and in all the eſcheats and forfeitures to and their fucceffors, may for ever have, in the
“ us and to our heirs there pertaining. And that town aforeſaid, all manner of liberties, privi-
" the ſame mayor and commonalty, and citizens, leges, franchiſes, acquittals, cuſtoms, and rights,
« and their ſucceſſors, by themſelves, or their " which we ſhould or might there have if the ſaid
“ deputy, or miniſters, may have, in the town town were and remained in our hands, without
66 aforeſaid, aſſay * and allize of bread, wine, any thing to be by any means given or paid to
“ beer, and ale, and all other victuals and things us, or our heirs, belide only 1ol. for the
66 whatſoever faleable in the ſaid town: and alſo “ ancient form therefore due; and without im-
6c all and whatſoever doth and may appertain to “ peachment, let, moleſtation, or diſturbance,
66 the office of clerk of the market, of our houſe, “ of us, our heirs or ſucceſſors, juſtices, eſcheat-
s or of our heirs, together with the correction ors, ſheriffs, officers, or miniſters, of ours,
us and puniſhment of all perſons there ſelling wine, or of our heirs or ſucceſſors whatſoever ; the
« bread, beer, ale, and other victuals; and of all “ rights, liberties, and franchiſes, of right belong-
“ other inhabiting and exerciſing any arts what “ ing to the moſt reverend father and lord in
“ foever, and with all manner of forfeitures, fines, " Chriſt Thomas archbiſhop of Canterbury, and
« and amerciaments, to be forfeited; and all other " of other perſons there always ſaved ; although
as which there do, and in any time to come may, « expreſs mention be not here made of the true
“ pertain to us, our heirs, or ſucceffors; and that yearly value of the premiſes, or of any other
as they ſhall have, in the ſaid town, the execution gifts or grants to the mayor and aldermen,
"s of all manner of writs, commandments, pre “ Theriffs and citizens, or their ſucceſſors, or any
« cepts, extracts, and warrants, with the return “ of them, made according to the form of the
“ of the ſame, by ſuch their miniſters or deputy " ſtatute thereof had, made and provided, or any
6 whom they ſhall thereunto uſe; ſo always that 56 other ſtatute, ordinance, act, thing, cauſe, or
" the clerk of the market of our houſe, or of the “ matter whatſoever notwithſtanding. Theſe be-
66 houſe of our heirs, or the ſheriff or eſcheator 6 ing witneſs ; the reverend father Thomas arch-
“ of the county of Surry, which now is, or here biſhop of Canterbury; William archbiſhop of
“ after ſhall be, do not by any means intermeddle, “ York; George of Exon, chancellor ; and Wil.
ss enter, or do any execution. We have alſo “ liam biſhop of Ely; and our dear brother
" granted to the ſaid mayor, and cominonalty, George of Clarence, and Richard of Gloucef-
" and citizens, and their ſucceſſors for ever, that ter, dukes; and others. Given by our hand
" they ſhall and may have yearly, one fair in the at Weſtminſter, the ninth day of November,
« town aforeſaid for three days, that is to ſay, “ in the ſecond year of our reign.”
« the 7th, 8th and 9th days of September, to be
es holden, together with a court of pye-powder,+ By the above recited charter, not only all the
« and with all the liberties to ſuch fairs appertain ancient rights and privileges of the city are con-
os ing: and that they may have and hold there firmed; but it is likewiſe granted that the mayor,
6 at their faid courts, before their faid miniſters || recorder, and the aldermen paſt the chair, ſhall be
" or deputy, the ſaid three days, from day to perpetual juſtices of the peace, and likewiſe jur-
" day, hour to hour, and from time to time, all tices of oyer and terminer, for the trying of all
occaſions, plaints, and pleas of a court of pye malefactors within their own juriſdiction ; that
" powder, together with all ſummons, attach the Lord-mayor and aldermen may, by the
ments, arreſts, iſſues, fines, redemptions and mouth of their recorder, declare, whether, when
« commodities, and other rights whatſoever, to a plea is brought into any of the fuperior courts,
“ the ſame court of pye-powder any way pertain the controverted point be a cuſtom of the city or
66
,
* Tryal, proof.
+ Held in fairs for enrolling contracts, and redreſſing dif-
orders there committed.
| Or ſurety for freemen of fourteen years and upwards,
except clerks and knights; for all ſuch freemen were to find
ſecurity towards the king and his ſubjects, or elſe were to be
fent to priſon.
not:

HISTORÝ and SURVE r of LONDON:
131
not : that the mayor and aldermen be for ever In the year 1465, à moſt abſurd cuſtom pre-
exempt from ſerving in all foreign afſizes, juries, || vailed, of wearing ſhoes with toes of an enorm-
or attaints, and likewiſe from the offices of al ous length ; for the preventing of which procla-
feffor, collector of taxes, overſeer or comptroller mation was made, that, for the future, the beaks
of all public duties without the juriſdiction of or toes of ſhoes and boots ſhould not exceed two
the city,
inches in length; on the penalty of the wearer
By this charter likewiſe, the grant of the bo being excommunicated, and paying a fine of
rough of Southwark is confirmed; and the citi twenty ſhillings for each offence, to be equally
zens are entitled to the goods and chattles of divided between the king, the chamber of Lon-
traitors, felons, &c. with the privilege of holding don, and the company of Cordwainers.
a fair annually in the ſaid borough, at the fee In the year 1468, we have a remarkable in-
farm rent of ten pounds.
ſtance on record, of ſeveral of the London jury,
In the year 14.63, king Edward granted the who, having taken bribes to favour a priſoner
citizens of London a ſecond charter, by which who was to be tried before them, were appre-
the tronage, weighing, meaſuring, laying up, hended and brought to their trials; before the
placing, and houſing of wool, which uſed to be Lord-mayor, for wilful and corrupt perjury :
brought to the ſtaple at Weſtminſter, was ordered and being convicted on full evidence, they were
to be in Leadenhall, and in no other place within ſentenced to ride from Newgate to Cornhill, with
three miles of the city : and all fees, profits, and paper mitres on their heads, where they were ex-
emoluments, ariſing from the ſaid laying-up, poſed to the deriſion of the public, and then cara
placing and houſing, were granted to the mayor,
ried back in the ſame manner to Newgate.
commonalty and citizens, for ever.
L
CHAPTER XXV.
Stocks erected in every ward in the city. The number of ſeriffs officers aſcertained. Difor-
derly women puniſhed. The Steel-yard granted to the Anſeatic merchants. The choice of
mayor and ſheriffs veſted in the livery. The city walls repaired. Abſtract of the third and
fourth charters of Edward IV. A great peſtilence in London. A perſon fined for marry :
ing an orphan without licence of the city. Four perſons hanged and burnt for ſacrilege. The
city lends the king 5000 marks, towards the ſupport of his army. The Lord-mayor, alder-
men and citizens entertained at a grand hunting match by the king. Proceedings of the duke
of Glouceſter on the death of king Edward IÙ. The king's reception into London. Lord
Haſtings beheaded. Subſtance of the duke of Glouceſter's ſpeech to the mayor and aldermen
at the Tower. The Lord-mayor made a privy counſellor. Dr. Shaw preaches at St. Paul's
crofs. Duke of Buckingham's remarkable
Speech at Guildball. Duke of Glouceſter requeſted
to accept the crown. His artful anſwer and final compliance.
N the year 1472 there was only one pair of tonicorum, (but at preſent known by the name of
ſtocks in the whole city, at the place called the Steel-yard,) to them and their ſucceſſors for
ſtocks-market, where the Lord-mayor's man ever, on the condition of paying feventy pounds
fion-houſe now ſtands; but Sir William Hamp per annum, to the mayor and citizens of London,
ton, who was mayor in the year above-mentioned, and ſome trifling rents to the owners of certain
iffued his orders for erecting ſtocks in every ward, cenements adjoining to the ſaid hall.
for the more effectual puniſhment of vagabonds. By an act of common-council which paſſed in
In the following year it was ordained, that each this year, the election of the mayor and ſheriffs,
of the ſheriffs of London and Middleſex ſhould which had hitherto been in the whole body of the
have ſixteen ferjeants, under whom Mould be the citizens, was veſted in the maſters, wardens, and
like number of yeomen ; together with ſix clerks, || liverymen of the ſeveral companies of the city :
namely, a ſecondary, a clerk of the papers, and and this mode of election has continued to the pre-
four inferior clerks; beſides thoſe of the under
ſent day.
ſheriff's.
In the year 1476, the Lord-mayor, aldermen;
In the year laſt abovementioned the ſtreets of and common-council came to a reſolution, that the
this city were extremely infeſted with diſorderly walls of the city ſhould be repaired with bricks
women; to remedy which nuiſance the Lord made of earth, dug, tempered, and burnt in
mayor inflicted corporal puniſhment on the moſt Moorfields; and that the expence of theſe repairs
notorious, and ordered them to be led through ſhould be defrayed by the pariſhioners of the ſea
the principal ſtreets, and expoſed to the contempt veral pariſhes, each of whom ſhould pay fix.
of the public.
pence every Sunday, at church, toward the
In the year 1475 the company of anſeatic mer. ſame.
chants of London obtained a confirmation of a It appears, however, that the ſums of money
large houſe, or hall, then called Guyhallda Teu thus levied, did not diſcharge the whole expence
of

132
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
CG
of the repairs ; for the ſeveral companies of dra ther to the deceaſed king, ſeized the perſon of
pers, ſkinners, and goldſmiths, repaired different the young prince at Stoney-Stratford, as he was
parts of the wall at their private charges.
on his journey from Ludlow to London.
In the year 1479, the king granted a third The citizens of London no ſooner heard of
charter to the city, in which he gave the citizens this extraordinary proceeding, than great num-
permiſſion to purchaſe lands in Mortmain, to the bers of them joined the nobility, who had already
value of two hundred marks per annun: and for taken up arms, by way of defending themſelves,
this charter his majeſty received a compliment of till they could learn the motives of the duke of
nineteen hundred and twenty-three pounds, nine Glouceſter's conduct in ſeizing their young love-
fhillings and eight-pence.
reign.
On the twentieth of June 1479, the very day The duke of Glouceſter, unwilling to incenfe
on which this charter was granted, the citizens the Londoners, fent lord Haſtings into the city,
purchaſed a fourth charter of the king, on the to aſſure them that his intentions were perfectly
conſideration of abating ſeven thouſand pounds, | upright ; that the king was in no danger, and
being part of a debt of twelve thouſand, nine that the earl Rivers, lord Grey, and others, who
hundred, and twenty-three pounds, nine ſhillings were apprehended with his majeſty, were arreſted
and eight pence, then due from the king to the for conſpiring againſt the dukes of Glouceſter
city, as appeared in the receipt of the exchequer. and Buckingham, as would ſoon appear by a le-
By this fourth charter." the offices or occupa- || gal courſe of juſtice.
« tions of packing all manner of woollen cloaths, Lord Haſtings farther repreſented to the citi-
ſheep-ſkins, calves-ſkins, veſſels of amber, and zens, the danger they would plunge themſelves
“ all other merchandize whatſoever, to be pack- || into if they did not lay down their arms, and
“ ed, tunned, piped, barrelled, or any wiſe to return to their reſpective habitations, without
“ be incloſed ;” and alſo “ the office of portage preſuming to enquire into the conduct of their
“ of all wools, ſheep-ſkins, tynn bails, and other ſuperiors.
“ merchandize whatſoever; likewiſe the office of His lordſhip concluded with aſſuring them,
guager within the ſaid city; the office of wine that the duke of Glouceſter and other lords were
“ drawers, to provide for the carriage of wines conducting the young king to London, in order
brought to the port of the ſaid city, and laid on to celebrated his coronation.
6 land, and elſewhere to be carried ;” together This ſpeech produced the deſired effect; for
with “ the office of coroner within the ſaid city the citizens, yielding an implicit belief to it, im-
" and ſuburbs thereof,” were reſpectively grant- | mediately retired to their reſpective habitations.
ed to the mayor and commonalty of London, and On the fourth of May following, the mayor,
their fucceffors.
aldermen, and five hundred of the principal citi-
In the ſame year that theſe charters were grant zens of London, richly dreſſed in purple gowns,
ed, a moſt dreadful peſtilence raged in this city, and mounted on fine horfes, met king Edward V.
which beginning about the end of September in at Hornſey Park, and conducted him to the city,
the preceding year, continued for near fourteen where he was received with
every
demonſtration
months; in which time an incredible number of of joy and affection, and lodged in the palace of
the citizens fell facrifices to its devouring rage. the biſhop of London.
One Robert Deynys, having, in the year 1480, During this cavalcade the duke of Glouceſter
married an orphan in the city, without licence acted the moſt hypocritical part imaginable; fre-
of the magiftrates, was adjudged, by the court quently calling out to the citizens “ behold your
of Lord-mayor and aldermen, to pay a fine of - king and ſovereign” and even carried his hypo-
twenty pounds for the ſaid offence.
criſy ſo far, as to do homage to the king, and per-
In the ſame year a remarkable puniſhment was ſuade the nobility to follow his example.
inflicted on four perſons, who, having been tried This behaviour fo entirely erazed from the
for robbing of churches, and convicted, were fen minds of the citizens all ill impreſſions they had
tenced to be hanged on Tower-hill, and their bo. conceived of Glouceſter, that they unanimouſly
dies burnt to alhes, together with the gibbet on joined with the nobility, in appointing him to be
which they were hanged; which ſentence was protector of the kingdom during the minority of
accordingly carried into execution.
The Scots having invaded England in the
year
The perfidious duke was no ſooner veſted with
1481, the citizens of London, at the requeſt of this authority, than he prevailed on the queen,
the king, advanced five thouſand marks, towards who had taken fanctuary at Weſtminſter, to de-
the ſupport of an army with which his majeſty || liver her younger ſon, the duke of York, alſo to
marched againſt the invaders.
his care.
At this period the citizens of London were in Having thus poffeffed himſelf of the perſons of
ſuch favour with the king, that his majeſty treated the two royal youths, he lodged them both in the
the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and others, with a Tower of London, and took up his own reſidence
grand hunting match on Waltham foreſt, in in Croſbie's place, near Biſhopſgate, now called
which ſeveral deer were killed, and the entertain- || Croſby-ſquare.
ment was concluded with a fumptuous and ſplen It appears that the duke was, at all events, de-
did feaſt, which the king cauſed to be provided | termined to aſcend the throne: but dreading the
in a beautiful arbour erected on the occaſion. influence of lord Haſtings, who was one of the
On the death of Edward the fourth, his eldeſt || king's moſt zealous adherents, he cauſed him to
ſon Edward ought to have ſucceeded to the be ſeized, and dragged to the platform near the
throne : but Richard, duke of Glouceſter, bro-
chapel
the king.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
133
66
chapel within the Tower, where he was beheaded s ened his days, but alſo was forced to oppreſs
without any legal form of trial.
" and tax his people, that he might have ſufficient
Richard' was not without apprehenſions that 6 to gratify his expences; and ſince the death of
ſome diſagreable conſequences might reſult from “ the faid king, he hath lived in a continual in-
the news of this murder being propagated in " continency with the ſaid Shore's wife, and lay
the city; whereupon himſelf, and the duke of nightly with her, and particularly the very
Bucking ham his accomplice, clad themſelves in “ night before his death; ſo that it was no mar-
ſuits of ruſty armour, and inſtantly ſent for the "s vel, if his ungracious life brought him to as
mayor and aldermen: and on their arrival, Glou os unhappy a death, which he was put to by the
cefter addreſſed them to the following purpoſe: ſpecial command of the king's highneſs, and
"s of his honourable and faithful council, both
is. That the lord Haſtings had conſpired with “ for his own demerits, being ſo openly taken in
6 feveral perſons, and contrived fuddenly to kill “ his intended treaſon; and alſo, left any delay
s him and the duke of Buckinghamı, that day,
of his execution might have encouraged other
c in council: that he could not yet gueſs the " niiſchievous perſons, who were engaged in the
s cauſe of the treaſon, and had not certain know conſpiracy with him to make an inſurrection for
56 ledge thereof before ten o'clock of the ſame “ his deliverance, which being wiſely foreſeen,
day; which had forced then to put on ſuch “ and as effectually prevented, was the only
filthy armour, as being next at hand, for means under God's providence to preſerve the
ct their own defence; and induced the lords of “ whole realm in peace and quietneſs.”
" the council to order him to be immediately
" executed, to prevent inſurrections and at As this ſecond attempt to impoſe on the citizens
“ tempts of his lordſhips accomplices to reſcue met with no better ſucceſs than the former, it bed
66 him from juſtice; and to preſerve the peace of came neceſſary for Glouceſter, in purſuit of his
to the nation.
ambitious plan, to have recourſe to other means
" This, (continued Glouceſter,) is the naked to engage the Londoners in his favour; for, with-
<< truth: and we have ſent for you to inform you out their aſſiſtance; he apprehended it would be
" of it, that you may, as you ſee caufe, fatisfy | impoffible to aſcend the throne.
" the people of the juſtice of lord Haſtings's Hereupon the duke made Sir Edmund Shaw,
fufferings: and though we are in no wiſe oblig Lord-mayor of London, a privý-counſellor ; by
« ed to do it, yet, out of a deſire to pleaſe them, which means he gained the intereſt of Dr. Shaw,
we thus condeſcend to do it ; and we require an eloquent and popular preacher, and brother to
you thus to report it.”
the Lord-mayor ; who undertook to preach a fer-
mon on the following Sunday, at St. Paul's
The city magiftrates appeared to approve of croſs; in ſupport of the protector's right to the
the duke's conduct, and teſtified an inclination to
obey his commands : but their expreſſions to their The doctor's text, taken from the Wiſdom of
fellow citizens, on their return from the Tower, Solomon, was, “ baſtard Nips Mall take no deep
did not exhibit all that fatisfaction with the duke's “ root ;” and in the courſe of his ſermon he al-
behaviour, which he hoped and expected. ledged, that the late king having promiſed mar-
Glouceſter foon perceived that his ſtratagem riage to the lady Elizabeth Lucy, and had a child
had not produced the deſired effect ; whereupon by her, ſhe was his wife in the fight of God; and
he fent a herald at arms into the city, who, at all of conſequence, that the children he had by his
the uſual places made a proclamation to the effect queen were a ſpurious and baſtard ilue; ſo that
following
no happineſs could be expected to this kingdom,
under the reign of Edward V.
" That the lord Haſtings, with divers other He then proceeded to accuſe the mother of
« wicked conſpirators, had traiterouſly contrived Edward IV. of adultery; ſo that neither the late
" the ſame day to have flain the protector and king nor the duke of Clarence, brother to Glou-
“ duke of Buckingham fitting in council, with a ceſter nor their deſcendants had any juſt title to
purpoſe and deſign to take upon him the go-
the crown.
“ vernment of the king and kingdom, and rule This artful preacher then raiſed his voice, and
“ all things at his pleaſure, hoping that, when ſaid, “ but my lord protector, that noble prince,
as they were dead, they ſhould meet no oppoſition “ the pattern of all virtue and heroic actions,
" in their deſigns : and in how miſerable a con “ carries in his air, in his mein, and in his ſoul,
“dition this nation had been, if God had left " the perfect image of his illuſtrious father the
" them in his hands, appeared from the former “ great duke of York !”
es actions of the ſaid lord, who, being ſo ill a This unmeaning heap of abuſe and panegyric,
man, could not make a good governor ; for both equally undeſerved, not producing the effect
" he it was, that by his ill advice enticed the which had been expected from it, orders were
king's father to many things much redounding ſent to the Lord-mayor, to ſummons the aldermen
to his diſhonour, and the univerſal damage and and citizens to meet at Guildhall, where the duke
« detriment of the realm, leading him into de of Buckingham with ſeveral of the nobility, at-
bauchery by his exemplary wickedneſs, and pro tended ; and the duke, aſcending the huſtings,
" curing lewd and ungracious perſons to gratify addreſſed himſelf to the citizens in the following
« his luſts, and particularly Shores wife, who was artful ſpeech.
one of his ſecret council in this treaſon ; by
5 which lewd living the ſaid king not only ſhort " Gentlemen, out of the zeal and ſincere af:
LI
fection
crown.
1 2

134
HIS T Ö RY and S ÚRVÈ r of LONDON.
« fection we have for your perſons and intereſts, “ to mention, who were the perſons, on which
we are come to acquaint you with a matter of “ he was fo laviſh of his favours : only it is well
high importance, equally pleaſing to God and 66 known that thofe that deſerved them moft had
profitable to the commonwealth, and to none - the leaſt of them. Was not Shore's wife his
" more than to you the citizens of this famous " chief miniſter ? was there not more court made
" and honourable city : for the very thing which to her than all the lords of England, except
we believe you have a long time wanted and 66 thoſe that were the ſtrumpet's favourites ? who,
< wiſhed for ; what you would have purchaſed at poor woman ! was herſelf chaſte, and of good
a great rate, and gone far to fetch, we are reputation, till he deluded her to his luſt, and
« come hither to bring you, without any labour tempted her from her huſband, an honeſt ſub-
« trouble, coſt, or peril to you. And what can “ ftantial young man, whom you all know. In-
" this be but your own ſafety, the peace of your • deed, I am alhamed to ſay it, the king's appe-
es wives and daughters, the ſecurity of your goods " tite in that point was inſatiable and intolerable.
“ and eſtates, which were all in danger until now? “ No woman could eſcape him: young or old,
66 who of you could call what he had his own? Co rich or poor, wife or virgin, all fell victims to
as there were ſo many ſnares laid to deceive you ; 56 his luft: by which means the moſt honourable
“ ſo many fines and forfeitures, taxes and impo 66 houſes were defiled, and the moſt honourable
« fitions, of which there was no end, and often « families were corrupted.
" no neceſſity: or, if there was, it was occaſioned
« by riots, and unreaſonable waſte, rather than " You of this renowned city ſuffered moſt :
" a juſt and lawful charge for defence or honour “ you, who deſerved moſt from him, for your
« of the ſtate : your beſt citizens were plundered,
66 readineſs to ſerve the houſe of York with your
s and their wealth ſquandered by profuſe favour-
- lives and fortunes; which tho' he ill requited,
66 ites: fifteenths and the uſual ſubſidies would 56 there is of that houſe, who, by God's grace,
“ not do; but, under the plauſible name of bene " ſhall reward you better. I ſhall not enlarge
“ volence, your goods were taken from you by “ on this ſubject: you have heard it from one,
6 the commiſſioners againſt your will; as if by 56 whom ye will hearken to more, as you ought
56 that name was underſtood, that every man 6 to do: for I am not ſo vain as to think what
« ſhould pay, not what he pleaſed, but what the 56 I can ſay will have ſo great authority with you
a king would have him, who never was mo as the words of a preacher; a man ſo wiſe and
« derate in his demands, always exorbitant, turn “ fo pious, that he could not utter a thing, in
ing forfeitures into fines, fines into ranſoms, “ the pulpit eſpecially, which he did not firmly
" fmail offences into miſpriſon of treaſon, and “ believe it was his duty to declare. You re-
«« miſpriſon into treaſon itſelf. We need not give " member, I doubt not, how he ſet forth, laſt
" you examples of it: Burdet's cafe will never be Sunday, the right of the moſt excellent Richard
forgot, who, for a word ſpoken in hafte, was (6 duke of Glouceſter to the crown of this realm :
« cruelly beheaded. Did not judge Markham re ss for, as he proved to you, the children of king
" fign his office, rather than join with his bre “ Edward IV. were never lawfully begotton, the
“ thren in paffing that illegal ſentence on that king leaving his lawful wife, the lady Lucy,
“ honeft man ? were you not all witneſſes of the 66 to contract an illegal marriage with the queen.
66 barbarous treatment one of your own body, “ My noble lord the protector's reverence to the
« the worſhipful alderman Cook, met with ? and “ dutcheſs his mother will not permit me to ſay
« yourſelves know too well how many inſtances any thing further concerning what the worthy
" of this kind I might name among you.
“ doctor alledged of her familiarity with others
“ King Edward gaining the crown by conqueſt, (6 beſides her own huſband, for fear of offending
66 all that were any ways related to thoſe that were 66 the duke of Glouceſter her own ſon : though,
« his enemies lay under the charge of treaſon. “ for theſe cauſes, the crown of England is de-
« Thus half of the kingdom became at once trai " volved to the moſt excellent prince the lord
tors; for half of the kingdom were either “ protector, as the only lawful begotten ſon
“ friends to king Henry, or relations or friends “ of the right noble duke of York. This, and
" to ſome that were ſo. Though open war with " the confideration of his many high qualities,
se invaders is terrible and deſtructive to a nation, “ has prevailed with the lords and commons of
" yet civil diffentions are much more fatal, and " England, of the northern counties eſpecially,
“ to be dreaded ; with which his reign was more “ who have declared they will not have a baſtard
66 diſturbed than the reigns of all his prececef “ reign over then, to petition that high and
« fors. But he is dead and gone ; and God for “ mighty prince. to take on him the ſovereign
“ give his ſoul! It coſt the people more blood power, for the good of the realm, to which he
" and treaſure to get the crown for this prince “ has ſo rightful and lawful a title. We have
" than it had done to conquer France twice.
" reaſon to fear he will not grant our requeſt ;
" Half of the nobility of the kingdom loſt their « being a prince whole wiſdom foreſees the labour,
“ lives or eſtates in the quarrel ; and, when the “ both of body and mind, that attends the fu-
es diſpute was over, the peace that followed was preme dignity; which is not a place for a child,
not much ſafer than the war: every rich and as that wiſe man obſerved, who ſaid, Ve regno
« landed man was in danger ; for whom could he cujus rex puer eſt, i. e. Woe to the realm whoſe
“ truſt that diſtruſted his own brother? whom « king is a child. Wherefore we have reaſon to
ſpare, that killed his own brother ? or who 66 bleſs God that the prince, whofe righe is to
“ could perfectly love him, whom his own brother os reign over us, is of ſo ripe age, ſo great wiſdom
6 could not love? we ſhall, in honour to the " and experience, who, though he is unwilling to
« memory of one that was our ſovereign, forbear “ take the government upon himſelf, yet the peti-
66
/
66
66
66
66 tion

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
135
de tion of the lords and gentlemen will meet with is the matter ſo effectually to him, that we doubt
co the more favourable acceptance, if you the wor not it will be much for your advantage. We
“ ſhipful citizens of the metropolis of the king “ require you to attend us to-morrow, with our
• dom will join with us in our requeſt; which, for “ joint petition to his Grace, as has been already
your welfare, we doubt not but you will. How agreed on between us."
ever, I heartily entreat you to do it for the
common good of the people of England, whoin Buckingham and the reſt of the noblemen now
yuo will oblige by chuſing them fo good a king, retired, leaving the citizens in the utmoſt dejec-
“ and his majeſty by ſhewing early your ready diſ tion of mind, who, not daring to expreſs in pub-
“ poſitions to his election; in which, my moſt dear lic their diſapprobation of this day's tranſactions,
“ friends, I require you, in the name of myſelf | retired to their reſpective habitations, to vent
“ and theſe lords, to fhew us plainly your minds their griefs in private.
< and intentions.
However, the Lord-mayor, Sir Edmund Shaw,
prevailed on the aldermen, and ſeveral of the
The citizens were ſtruck with ſuch horror and
common-council, to attend him, on the following
amazement at this ſpeech, that they remained en day, at Baynard's caſtle, where the duke of Glou-
tirely filent, as totally unable to expreſs their ab celter then reſided; and there they found the
horrence at the injuſtice and abſurdity of the duke of Buckingham, and ſeveral of the nobi-
propoſal.
lity.
Hereupon Buckingham addreſſed himſelf to A new farce was now acted. The duke of
the mayor, enquiring the cauſe of their profound Buckingham ſent in a meſſenger to acquaint the
filence; to which the mayor anſwered, that, || protector, that a great number of the nobility
perhaps the citizens did not underſtand his grace: and citizens deſired an audience, on an affair of
on which the duke repeated the fubftance of what the utmoſt importance.
he had ſaid, and enforced it with all the powers Glouceſter appeared to be averſe to their ad-
of his oratory.
mittance ; upon which Buckingham hinted to the
But this ſecond effort making no deeper im mayor and citizens, that the protector was totally
preſſion on their minds than the firſt, the recorder | ignorant of their deſign, nor knew any of what
was directed to addreſs the aſſembly on the ſame had paſſed at Guildhall.
fubject: which he at length undertook, though It was now determined to ſend in another mef:
with great reluctance; repeating only the ſub ſenger, who, in the moſt earneſt and humble
ftance of what the duke had ſaid, without adding manner entreated the protector to grantthe deſired
a ſingle word in favour of the protector.
audience, with which, with great apparent diffi-
Upon this Buckingham, having obſerved to dence, he at length complied.
the mayor that the people were amazingly obſti The company being introduced, the duke of
nate, once more addreſſed the citizens, in the Buckingham, in the name of himſelf and the
following words.
company, apologized for the intruſion, in the
moſt humble manner, and after enumerating the
• Dear friends, we came to acquaint you grievances of the people, begged the protector
“ with a thing which we needed not have to aſſume the reins of government, as the only
" done, had it not been for the affection we method to fecure the public welfare.
“ bear you. The lords and commons could Richard, with a degree of hypocrify that would
“ have determined the matter without you, be aſtoniſhing in any other character than his own,
" but would gladly have you join with us, anſwered, “ That, though he knew the things
“ which is for your honour and profit, though " he alledged to be true, yet he loved king Ed-
you do not ſee it, or conſider it: We re of ward and his children above any crown what-
« quire you therefore to give your anſwer one “ foever ; and therefore could not grånt their
way or another, whether you are willing, as " requeſt : however he pardoned their petition,
the lords are, to have the moſt excellent prince " and thanked them for their love; but deſired
56 the lord protector to be your king, or not?” " them to be obedient to the prince under whom
« himſelf and they lived at that time ; and whom
This inort addreſs produced almoſt a general " he would adviſe to the beſt of his capacity, as
murmur through the aſſembly; but a few fer 5 he had already done, to the fatisfaction of all
vants of the protector and the duke of Bucking parties."
ham, having aſſembled a number of apprentices
and other rabble, they crouded into the hall, threw The duke of Buckingham affecting to receive
up their hats in the air, and cried out, “ King this anſwer with the utmoſt diſſatisfaction, aſked
s Richard! King Richard !"
the protector pardon for what he had farther to
Buckingham inſtantly ſeized this opportunity | offer, but declared, “ That they were all agreed
of making his acknowledgements ; and, as if this “ not to have any of king Edward's line to reign
teſtimony of approbation had been general, ad over them ; that they were gone too far to go
dreſſed the aſſembly as follows.
" back; for which reafon, if his grace would be
“ pleaſed to take the crown upon him, they hum-
66 'Tis a goodly and joyful cry, to hear every bly befeeched him to do it; or, if he would
man with one voice agree to it, and nobody “ give them a reſolute anſwer to the contrary,
Since therefore, dear friends, we fee “ which they ſhould be loth to hear, they muſt
you are all, as one man, inclined to have this " and would look out ſome other perſon that
« noble prince to be your king, we lball report « would accept of their propoſal.”.
Thus
6 ſay no.

136
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Thus urged, the artful duke, as in obedience " poffible, take for the moſt effectual; we are
to the general with of the people, complied content, and agree favourabiy to receive your
with their demands in the following terms:
petition and requeſt, and, according to the
“ fame, take upon us the royal eſtate, prehemi-
“ Since we perceive that the whole realm is “ nence, and kingdoms of the two noble realais
" bent upon it, not to have king Edward's chil- || 6 of England and France; the one, from this
" dren to govern over them, of which we are day forward, by us and our heirs, to rule,
" forry; and knowing that the crown can belong govern and defend ; the other, by God's grace
to no man ſo juftly as to ourſelf, the right heir, " and your good help, to get again, ſubdue, and
“ lawfully begotten of the body of our moſt dear " eſtabliſh for ever in due obedience to this realm
“ father Richard, late duke of York; to which title " of England; and we aſk of God to live no
" is now joined your election, the nobles and as longer than we intend to procure its advance-
" commons of this realm, which we, of all titles
66
ment."
CH A P T E R
XXVI.
The young princes murdered in the Tower. Coronation of Richard III. Copy of tbe citizens
claim of the office of chief butler. I he earl of Richmond invades England. King Richard
Nain at the battle of Boſworth. King Henry VII. enters into London. The ſweating
fickneſs. The croſs in Cheapſide finiſhed. A mercenary a&t of common council. Henry and
his queen enter into London, after the defeat of Simnel the impoſtor. Penalty on killing
beaſts in London. The Flemiſh merchants baniſhed the city. Their conſpiracy and puniſis-
..ment. The king entertains the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and citizens. Laws to puniſh per-
jury in jurors. The artillery-ground formed from a part of Bunhill-fields. Remarkable
plenty of corn. Twenty thouſand perſons deſtroyed by the plague, to avoid which, the king
and
queen retire to Calais. Kitchens firſt built at Guildhall. The aldermen, for the firfi
time attend the mayor to the water-ſide on horſeback.
R
ICHARD duke of Glouceſter having
thus uſurped the throne, prevailed on
Sir James Tyrrell to murder the young
king, and his brother, the duke of York, by
ſmothering them between two beds, in the Tower
of London.
On the ſixth day of July, 1483, Richard, ac-
companied by his queen, rode through the city
in great ſtate, to Weſtminſter, where they were
crowned in a very ſolemn manner : but it appears
that this monarch had but little confidence in the
affections of his new ſubjects; for he previouſly
ſent for five thouſand men, from the north of
England, to protect him againſt any accident
that might happen at the coronation.
Previous to the coronation of Richard III. the
citizens of London claimed the office of chief
butler, in the following terms; from whence it
ſeems probable that the citizens of Wincheſter
had renewed their claim to that office, which they
had made at the commencement of ſeveral pre-
ceding reigns.
" office of mairalty of the ſaid citee, in his own
perſon, oweth of right and duty to ſerve the
kyng our ſouvereigne lord in the day of his
66 ful noble coronation, in ſuch place as it ſhall
pleafe his highneſs to take his ſpices, and
as the ſame cup, with the kevering belonging
as thereunto, and a layer [ewer] of gold, the
C6 faid mair to have, and with him to bear away
" at the time of his departing, for his fee and
" reward.
tibabu
" And alſo that divers other citezeins, that
.6 by the ſaid mair and citee ſhal thereto be
“ named and choſen, owen of right by the ſame
" cuſtom, at the ſame day to ſerve in the office
“ of butlerſhip, in helping of the chief butler of
England, to the lords and eſtates that ſhall
6 be at the ſaid coronation, as well at the table
56 in the hallat meat, as after meat in the
66 chainber.
Beſeeching your faid lordſhip, that Edmund
66 Shaa, now mair, and other citezeins of the
“ citee aforeſaid, to the ſaid office and fer-
“ vice now choſen, whoſe names, in a ſce-
«s dule hereunto annexed, be ſpecified, may be
“6. admitted to do the ſame ſervice, as their
predeceſſors mairs and citezeins of the ſaid
ss citee, in cafe ſemblable, have uſed in days
paft.
< Alſo the faid mair and citezeins praying,
" that they may fit, in the day of the ſaid
coronation, at the table next the cupboard,
c of the left ſide of the hall, lykes as of late
tyme it hath been uſed and accuſtomed ;
46 and
1
66
To the Right High and Mighty Prince the Duke of
Norfolk, Seneſchal of England.
66
« Shewen unto your good and gracious lord-
” ſhip, the mair and citezeins of the citee of
" London, that where, after the liberty and com-
mendable cuſtomes of the ſaid citee, of time
" that no man's mind is to the contrary, uſed,
enjoyed, and accuſtomed, the mair of the
fame citee for the time being, by reaſon of the

HISTORY and S URV E of E OŃ DO N.
137
66
23
every beaſt."
te and that the ſaid mair may have and enjoy In the year abovementioned, Lambert Siminel,
to the ſaid fee and reward, according to the * the famous impoſtor, who perſonated the ear
66 dutie.”
of Warwick, having been defeated at Stoke, near
Newark, the king and queen returned towards
In the year 1485, the earl of Richmond, who London; and on their arrival at Hornſey-park,
had been invited from his exile to invade Eng were met by the mayor, aldermen, and principal
land, in order to dethrone Richard, marched with citizens, mounted on fine horfes, and richly dreſ-
his army from Wales towards London ; upon ſed in an elegant uniform.
which Richard gave immediate orders for the re In this manner they entered the city, the ſtreets
pair of the Tower of London, and immediately of which were covered with new gravel on the
marched to meet his opponent.
occaſion ; and paſſing through the ſeveral livery
The armies came to an engagement at Bof companies, dreſſed in their formalities, their ma-
worth, in Leiceſterſhire, and, after a furious bat- jefties went to St. Paul's Cathedral, where Te
tle of near two hours, Richard was ſlain, and his Deum was ſolemnly ſung, on occaſion of the late
crown, which he had worn during the fight, being || vioctory.
found among the ſpoils of the field, was placed About this period the inhabitants of St. Gre-
on the head of the earl of Richmond, who was gory and St. Faith, having made complaint of the
faluted as king by the whole army.
horrid ſtench ariſing from the blood and ordure
Richmond, who was now acknowledged king | running through the ſaid pariſhes from St. Nicho-
by the name of Henry VII. immediately ſet out las's ſhambles; (now Newgate-market;) toge-
for London, which he entered on the twenty-fe ther with the noxious vapours ariſing from the
venth of Auguſt amidſt the ſhouts and acclama ſcalding of ſwine; the parliament, to remedy
tions of the people, who conſidered him as their ſuch grievances for the future; pafled an act, in
deliverer from the moſt cruel of tyrants, that which it was ordained that " no butcher ſhould
perhaps ever diſgraced the annals of any king preſume to kill any beaſt within the walls of
dom.
“ London, upon the penalty of one ſhilling for
The new king, attended by the Lord-mayor every ox and cow ſo killed, and eight-pence for
and aldermen in ſcarlet robes, and a great num-
ber of citizens in violet colour'd gowns, proceed The king having, from ſome political cauſe,
ed directly to St. Paul's church, where he offered conceived an infuperable averſion to the Flemiſh
up the ſtandard he had taken in battle, and when nation, baniſhed all the merchants of that coun.
divine ſervice was ended, he repaired to the palace try from the city of London, and prohibited all
of the biſhop of London; where, in a few days intercourſe with that people.
he aſſembled a council of all the nobility and The anſeatic merchants, taking advantage of
gentry then in London, and folemnly renewed the this circumſtance, imported large quantities of
oath he had formerly taken to marry the princeſs merchandize from Flanders, and the Engliſh mera
Elizabeth.
chant adventurers became great ſufferers by be-
A moſt dreadful, and hitherto unheard of dif ing deprived of the principal part of their com-
temper broke out this year, in the city of Lon merce with the Flemiſh merchants.
don, and ſome other parts of the kingdom. It Theſe circumſtances fo highly incenfed the
was a kind of malignant fever, called the ſweat Flemings, that they entered into a conſpiracy aa
ing ſickneſs, and carried off thoſe who were at gainſt the anſeatic merchants; and being joined
tacked with it in twenty-four hours; but thoſe by the populace, broke open and plundered their
who ſurvived that time generally recovered. hall, ſituated where the Steel-yard now ſtands,
In the year 1486, the croſs at the weſt end of near Thames-ſtreet.
Cheapfide, (then called the Weſtcheap) was com However, a great number of armed citizens
pleated and moſt curiouſly embelliſhed at the ex coming acroſs the Thames to the affiftance of the
pence of a number of the citizens, among whom merchants, ſeveral of the conſpirators were taken,
John Fiſher, a mercer, contributed no leſs than and committed to the Tower; and after a long
ſix hundred marks.
impriſonment fome were hanged, and others dif-
In the following year the court of common charged.
council paſſed an act, whereby the citizens were On twelfth day, in the year 1494, the king
enjoined, on the penalty of one hundred pounds, entertained the Lord-mayor, alderinen, and o-
“ not to carry any goods or merchandize to any thers of the principal citizens, at Weſtminſter' ;
“ fair or market within the kingdom, for the term where, after dinner, Ralph Auftrey, the mayor',
ss of ſeven years.
was dubbed knight; and in the evening ſeveral
This act was ſo unreaſonable in itſelf, and gave kinds of divertiſement were exhibited in the
ſuch offence to the legiſlature, that it was re great hall, which was hung withi tapeſtry and
pealed by an act of parliament paſſed in the fol ſtaged on each ſide.
lowing year, which empowered the citizens to The morning following the king, queen, and
carry on their commerce as uſual, to the feveral divers of the nobility, being feated at a ſtone ta-
parts of the kingdom: and a penalty of forty table, the king and queen's meſſes, conſiſting of
pounds was laid on any perſon who fhould pre- || fixty diſhes each, were ſerved up by fixty knight's
fume to moleft any of the citizens in their faid and efquires ; the mayor was alſo ſerved with
trade.
twenty-four diſhes, and plenty of the choiceſt
99
* For the particular's concerning this extraordinary per-
fon, ſee CLARENDON's Hiſtory of England, vol 1, page 465.
wines,
I 2
M m

138
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
wines, and the citizens were ſo well pleaſed with "C6 thus injured, ten times the value of ſuch ſum
their entertainment, that they did not get to Lon or reward by him taken, and alſo to ſuffer im-
don till the break of the next day.
priſonment, as already mentioned; and beſides,
Notwithſtanding the care which formerly had to be diſabled for ever from ſerving in that
been taken to prevent improper perſons from be capacity: and that every perſon or perſons
ing impannelled on juries, it was found neceſſary guilty of bribing any juror, ſhall likewiſe for
in the eleventh year of Henry's reign to enact “ feit ten times the value given, and ſuffer im-
as follows:
priſonment as aforeſaid.”
" That, for the future, no perſon or perſons A parcel of grounds, con Giſting of gardens,
“ be impannelled, or ſworn into any jury or in orchards, &c. ſituate on the north ſide of Chif-
queſt in any of the city courts, unleſs he be well Street, and called by the name of Bunhill-
as worth forty marks; and if the cauſe to be tried fields, was in the year 1498, converted into a
amount to that ſum, then no perſon to be ad-ſpacious field, for the uſe of the London archers,
“ mitted a juror worth leſs than 100 marks: and which is now known by the name of the Artillery
as that every perſon, ſo qualified, refuſing to ſerve Ground.
as a juryman, for the firſt default to forfeit is. In the year 1502, the city entertainments
" the ſecond 2s, and every one after, to double which till that time had been given at Grocer's-
" the ſum. That when upon trial it ſhall be hall, were ordered by the Lord-mayor to be, in
“ found, that a petty jury have brought in an future, held at Guildhall, to which end kitchens
“ unjuſt verdict, then every member of the fame were built at the latter place, by a ſubſcription of
to forfeit 2ol. or more, according to the dis the ſeveral companies, where ſeveral of the al-
« cretion of the court of Lord-mayor and al dermen and principal citizens were entertained
“ derman, and to ſuffer ſix months impriſonment, with an elegant feaſt.
or leſs, at the diſcretion of the ſaid mayor, It was in this year, too, that the aldermen firſt
" and aldermen, without bail or main prize, and accompanied the mayor to the water-ſide when he
“ for ever after to be rendered incapable of ſerv took barge for Weſtminſter.
ing in any jury. And further, if upon en The marriage of the princeſs margaret, by
“ quiry, it ſhould be found, that any juror has proxy to James IV. of Scotland was publiſhed
<< taken money as a bribe, or other reward, or on the twenty-fifth of January at St. Paul's-croſs,
promiſe of reward, to favour either plaintiff or on which account the citizens made bonfires, il-
« defendant in the cauſe to be tried by him, that luminated their houſes, and gave every poſſible
" then, and in every ſuch caſe, the perſon ſo of teſtimony of the high fatisfaction with which
“ fending to forfeit and pay to the party by him they received the news.
CE
CH A P T E R XXVII.
The chapel of Henry VII. in Weſtminſter Abbey founded. A particular account of the Monu-
ments and other curioſities in that noble pile of Antiquity.
N the year 1502, a chapel dedicated to the
Virgin Mary, and a tavern, both which were
ſituated at the eaſt-end of Weſtminſter-abbey,
were taken down, by the order of Henry VII.
and on the ground where they ſtood was erected
the chapel, which is known by the name of
Henry VIIth's chapel to this day.
In this place, as the moſt proper for its intro-
duction, we ſhall give a clear and accurate account
of every intereſting particular relative to, and
every curioſity in the abbey church of St. Peter,
Weſtminſter, of which the chapel of Henry VII.
now forms a part.
There are ſo many miraculous ſtories related of
the foundation of this abbey, in the legends of
monkiſh writers, that by this enlightened age the
bare recital would hardly be excuſed: all that
can with truth be ſaid, amounts only to this, that
Sebert, king of the Eaſt-ſaxons, who died in
616, being by Auſtin's preaching, and his uncle
Ethelbert's example, converted to chriſtianity,
threw down the temple of Apollo, weſt of Lon-
don, and there moſt deyourly erected a church,
which he dedicated to the honour of St. Peter,
prince of the apoſtles, and appointed Melitus,
then biſhop of London, to conſecrate it accord-
ingly. Ranulphus, indeed, does not particularly
mention Sebert, but has theſe remarkable words,
“ that ſome one, at the inſtigation of Ethelbert,
" built a church to the honour of St. Peter in
" the weſt part of the city of London, in a place
« called Thorney, which ſignifies an iſland of
" thorns, but is now called Weſtminſter."
Fleet, a monkiſh writer, ſpeaks of the city of
London, as worſhipping Diana, and the ſuburbs
of Thorney, as offering incenſe to Apollo;
that it ſeems clear almoſt to demonſtration, that
this church had the ruins of a Pagan temple, for
its foundation.
We are not ignorant that Sir Chriſtopher Wren,
whoſe opinion is by no means to be contemned, re-
jects as fabulous the notion of a temple to Apollo
in Thorney iſland; and the rather, becauſe it is ſaid
to be deſtroyed by an earthquake in the reign of
Antoninus Pius, in order to make way for a chriſ-
tian

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London.
USE TO
View of the INSIDE of WESTMINSTER ABBY
VIEW
of the INSIDE of ST PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

Engraved for Chamberlain's Story of London
1:11
TherAbbey Church of S"PETER Westminster.
H
The ADMIRALTY OFFICE

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
139
tian church to be erected by king. Lucius upon at preſent; for at firſt, only that part of it was
its ruins. Sir Chriſtopher to ſtrengthen his opi built which forms the eaſt-angle.
nion, declares, that when he was employed to fur The next who enlarged and repaired the church
vey Weſtminſter-abbey, though he examined of Sebert's foundation, was Offa, the great king
both the walls and ornaments about it with the of Mercia; for Sebert's fons relapſing into paga-
niceſt care, yet he could neither diſcover the leaſt niſm, it had been long neglected, and was in a
fragment of cornice or capital, to indicate the very ruinated ſtate.
handy work of a Roman builder, which he thinks When it was almoſt ruined by the incurſions of
he muſt undoubtedly have done, had the fa&t been the Danes, Edgar was the firſt who revived its
true, as earthquakes break few ſtones, though dying luſtre, by two charters in its favour; which
they overturn edifices.
were afterwards confirmed and enlarged by Ed-
For the ſame and other reaſons mentioned in ward the Confeſſor, the old church was pulled
their place, he diſbelieves the founding of St. down, and a nioſt magnificent one for that age
Paul's upon the ruins of a temple of Diana ; yet erected in the room of it, in the form of a croſs,
till his time both theſe facts were credited by the which afterwards became a pattern for that kind
moſt learned antiquarians our nation ever pro of building. When he had ſo done, he then
duced, and reported by them upon the fulleſt granted a charter of his own, wherein he recites
evidence the nature of the ſubject would admit; the account of St. Peter's confecration, as has been
evidence, we think, that added to one circum faid ; its deſtruction by the Danes, the grants and
ſtance, which they have omitted, carries convic-|| privileges of his predeceſſors, ſuch as Sac and Soc,
tion along with it; namely, that the Pagans muſt and Sol, Thol and Theam, Incoll and Utroll,
certainly have had temples in both theſe cities, and Infrangenthet, Githrich, Hamfoken, Murage,
and that the above places, and no other, being and Fenſtall; and adds his own. This laſt char-
marked by tradition for the ſcites of them, no dif ter was cloſed with ſolemn imprecations on ſuch
coveries have yet been made during a courſe of as ſhould infringe it, and was ſigned by the king,
1700 years, in any other places, of the remains queen, two archbiſhops, ten biſhops, and many
of any ſuch edifices.
of the abbots and nobility, at a convention called
The dedication of this ancient abbey is a mat. by his majeſty's order, for that purpoſe.
ter as uncertain as the foundation of it; the church The next prince who laid his hands to this
hiſtorians will have it miraculous, and none but great work, was Henry III. who built a chapel
St. Peter himſelf, though dead 500 years before, to the bleſſed Virgin, then called the new work
muſt be admitted to that honour.
at Weſtminſter, the firſt ſtone whereof he laid
The king, as has been hinted, had ordered himſelf on the Saturday before his coronation, in
Mellitus to perform the ceremony, but St. Peter, the year 12, 20, being the fifth of his reign; but
as the legend ſays, was beforehand with him; for about twenty-five years after, finding the walls
over-night he called upon Edricus, a fiſherman, and ſteeple of the church decayed, he pulled
and deſired to be ferry'd over to Thorney, which them down likewiſe, with a deſign to enlarge
happened to be then flooded round by the heavy and make the whole more regular, but did not
rains that had lately fallen : the fiſherman obeyed, live to accompliſh his deſign, which was not com-
and the apoſtle (having conſecrated the church pleated till twenty-three years after the death of
of ,
this monarch.
of
Sir ,
Edricus was both an ear and an eye-witneſs) on intention certainly was to make up only the croſs
his return diſcovered bimſelf, and bid the fiſher to the weſtward, for thus far it is built in a dif-
man tell Mellitus what he had heard and ſeen ; ferent manner from the reſt more weſtward, as
giving, at the ſame time, to Edricus, a ſpecimen the pillars and ſpandrils of the arches ſhew. The
of his divine miſſion, by a miraculous draught of work muſt therefore, in all probability, have been
ſalmon, of which kind of fiſh when in ſeaſon, carried on afterwards, during the reigns of the
the apoftle aſſured himn, none of his occupation three ſucceeding kings, by the monks and ab-
fhould ever want, provided they honeſtly made bots, which, though it proceeded but Nowly,
an offering of the tenth fiſh to the uſe of the was yet more ſkilfully executed than the former
newly conſecrated church; which cuſtom we find part. Indeed, during the tumultuous and bloody
concinued for more than 400 years after.
wars between the houſes of York and Lancaſter,
We ſhould hardly have ventured to infert this little could be expected to be done in works of
ftory, but that it is in part confirmed, or at leaſt genius, but upon the advancement of the Lan-
believed, by two royal charters; the firſt, of king caftrian line to the peaceable poſſeſſion of the
Edgar, who ſpeaking of it ſays, “this church throne, Henry the ſeventh reſumed the work very
was dedicated by no leſs than St. Peter, the early, as appears by the key-ſtones of the vault-
prince of apoſtles, to his own honour;” the ing of the very firſt bay of building that is ex-
other is of Edward the Confeffor, which is ſtill tended beyond the old plan, being marked with
more full, affirming it to be “ dedicated by St. the role of Lancaſter.
“ Peter himfelf with the attendance of angels, by About the year 1502, this prince began that
“ the impreſſion of the holy croſs, and the anoint- tately and magnificent ſtructure which is now
ment of the holy chriſm."
generally called by his name, by firſt pulling
As we have, in a great meaſure, ſettled the æra down the chapel of Henry III. already-mention-
of the foundation and dedication of this church, ed, and a houſe adjoining, called the White-roſe
it remains only for us to trace by what ſteps it tavern; and then, marking out the foundation,
gradually roſe to the grandeur in which it appears on the 24th of January, 1507, he laid the firſt
itone:
66
7

140
HISTORY and SURVEY of I ONDO N.
TH
ftone: this chapel he dedicated, like the former, builders had left it; the ragged Aſhlar he like-
to the bleſſed Virgin, and deſigning it for a bu wife cut away, and inveſted the building, ſo far as
rial-place for him and his poſterity, in his will he he lived to finish it, with a better fort of ſtone
expreſsly enjoins, that none but the blood royal from Burford in Oxfordſhire, which has ſince been
ſhould be permitted to lie therein; and, for the continued by his ſucceſſors, and now near finiſhed;
health of his ſoul, he procured a bull from pope the timber of the roof of the nave, and of the
Leo, for uniting to this abbey the collegiate croſs, was likewiſe ſubſtantially repaired under his
church of St. Martin's-le-Grand, and the manor direction. The four innermoſt pillars he reſtored
of Tykill in Yorkſhire, to maintain a chauntry to their perpendicular, and left a plan for erect-
of three monks, who ſhould be prieſts, and two || ing a tower and a ſpire that would ſerve rather
lay brothers; which we the rather mention, as it to have ſtrengthened than to have over-loaded
is but little known how the inhabitants of St. them. In short, this great architect prepared
Martin's-le-Grand came firſt to be connected with and left behind him perfect draughts and models
thoſe of Weſtminſter. The prieſts were to ſay of all the additional ornaments that he thought
daily maſs for his ſoul, and the ſouls of his wife neceſſary to complete this ſtately building; fome
and children, for which ſervice, beſides their of which, particularly the two lofty towers to the
uſual ſalary, they were to be allowed 100 ſhillings weſt, have been ſince erected in a maſterly man-
a year. Before his death, over and above this, ner ; but the lofty ſpire, which he ſeems to have
he is ſaid to have delivered into the hands of the had moſt at heart, has been either thought not
Abbot of Weſtminſter 5000l. for maſſes and practicable or not neceſſary.
alms,, whereof 10,000 maſſes were to be ſaid for Having thus given an account of the foundation
him at 6d. each; and between his death and bu. and gradual increaſe of this ancient ſtructure, we
rial, 2001. to be given in alms.
ſhall now proceed to a more particular deſcription
No very material alterations have been made of it, as well as of what curioſities are ſtill re-
in the outward ſtructure of this church, ſince | maining.
Henry's death till of late years; when, as it was
the admiration and grief of all who beheld it, it A particular DESCRIPTION of the BUILDING.
became the object of parliamentary concern, to
reſcue it from that ruin into which it was falling Here is not perhaps a more venerable frag-
apace, by a thorough reparation at the national
ment of antiquity in the whole world than
expence; and though the ravage that was made this noble fabric, which has lately been new coated
within it by Henry VIII. and the havock without as already hinted, on the outſide, except that
and within it, during the unhappy civil commo part of it called Henry VIIth's chapel, which is
motions that defaced the ancient beauty of all re indeed a ſeparate building, and will no doubt be
ligious houſes in this kingdom, can never be re repaired by a particular order, when the repara-
covered ; yet it has lately, by the labour and ſkill tions of the ancient abbey are compleated. It
of Sir Chriſtopher Wren, and thoſe that ſucceed muſt be owned, that by the two ftately towers
ed him), been decorated with ſome new orna at the weſt end, lately added, and the great pains
ments, and by the addition of two ſtately towers, that have been taken in the coating, to preſerve
which are thought to exceed in point of work the ancient Gothic grandeur, this church, as to
manſhip any part of the ancient building, is now its diſtant proſpect, has all the majeſty of its for-
rendered more compleat than ever.de mer ſtate; yet the beautiful carving and curious
When the old abbey was examined in order to ſculpture that once adorned it, and upon a nearer
its being repaired, Sir Chriſtopher Wren found view uſed to charm the beholder, is now irre-
great defects both in the materials and in the work trieveably loſt; the buttreſſes, once beautifully
manſhip. The ſtone, which was of the Ryegate | capped with Turrets, made into plain pyramidi-
kind, very eaſy to work, but ſubject to take in cal forms, and topped with free-ſtone; and the
water, was decayed four inches deep; the roof ftatues of our ancient kinds that formerly ſtood
was oak, mixed with Normandy cheſnut, badly in nitches near the tops of theſe buttreſſes and at-
wrought, and not properly ſecured from ſtretch tracked admiration, are for the moſt part re-
ing, by which the walls were damaged, and ſtill moved, and their broken fragments lodged in the
rendered worſe by the water in the gutters being | roof of Henry VIIth's chapel, where they are
ill carried off. The four inner pillars of the croſs buried from the public eye for ever. Next the
he found to be ſwayed inward conſiderably, the towers on the north ſide, ſome of theſe ftatues are
arches of the ſecond order cracked, the great ſtill ſtanding; and indeed it is on this ſide that
weſt window feeble, and the gable end of the you are to take your outward view of the abbey,
roof over it only weather boards painted. But the other ſide being ſo encumbered with building,
was worſt of all, a bold and ignorant archi that even the exact ſituation cannot b: diſtinguiſh-
tect having formerly undertaken to build the ed. The form of the church is that of a crucifix,
Monks a cloiſter, without knowing the principles in which you are to conſider Henry VIIch's chapel
upon which he ought to have proceeded, had as no part. The ſouth-ſide anſwered exactly to
joined the new work to the old in ſuch a manner, the north in the original plan, by attending to
that, by the ſetting of the former, the wall above which you will be able to form a true judgment
the windows of the latter was forced out ten in of the whole. The cloiſters on the ſouth-fide
ches, ard che ribbs broken, ſo that it was amaz were added for the conveniency of the monks,
ing it had not quite fallen, This, however, Sir and the contiguous buildings were erected a con-
Chriſtopher cauſed to be amended inſtantly, and fiderable time after,
made ftronger and more ſecure than ever the firſt In viewing the outſide of this building your at-
tention
what

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
tention will be principally engaged by the mag which there is an upper range of larger windows :
nificent portico, leading into the north-croſs, by theſe and the under range, together with the
which by ſome has been ſtiled the beautiful or So four capital windows, facing the N. S. E. and W.
lomon's gate. It ſeems to have been founded by the whole fabric is ſo admirably enlightened, that
Richard II. his arms carved in ſtone being for in the day-time you are never dazzled with a glare,
merly over the door. This portico is of the go nor incommoded with darkneſs, in the walls be-
chic order, and is extremely beautiful; and over tween the columns were ſhallow niches, arched
it is a moſt magnificent window of modern de about eight or ten feet high, on which the arms
fign, but admirably well executed. On the of the original benefactors were depicted, and
fouth-ſide may be ſeen a window ſet up in 1705, over them in faxon characters, their titles, &c.
which is likewiſe very maſterly. Beſides theſe but theſe by the monuments of the dead, being
there is nothing in the outward appearance to dwell placed before then), are almoſt all hid from the
upon except the loftineſs of the roof, to exceed fight.
in which particular ſeems to have been the emu The next objects truly worth obſervance, are
lation of ancient architects; that of Weſtminſter the fine paintings in the great weſt window of
hall is indeed very high, but that of the abbey Abraham, Iſaac, and Jacob; Moſes and Aaron,
is a great deal more lofty.
and the twelve patriarchs ; the arms of his late
In order to take the moſt advantageous view majeſty, king Sebert, and queen Elizabeth; king
of the inſide, you muſt go in at the weſt door, Edward the confeſſor; and and the late worthy
between the towers; and the monent you enter, dean, doctor Wilcox; biſhop of Rocheſter ; this
the whole body of the church opens itſelf at once window was ſet up in the year 1733, and is very
to your eye, the pillars dividing the nave from curious ; to the left of which, in a leffer window,
the ſide illes, being ſo curioully formed as not to is a painting of one of our kings (ſuppoſed of
obſtruct the ſide openings; nor is your fight ter Richard II.) but the colours being of a water
minated to the eaſt, but by the fine painted win blue, no particular face can be diſtinguiſhed. In
dow over the portico of Henry VIIth's chapel, the window, on the other ſide the great window,
which antiently (when the altar was low, and the you will ſee a lively repreſentation of Edward the
gloriouſly adorned ſhrine of Edward the confeffor confeſſor in his robes, and under his feet his arms
was included in the proſpect,) muſt have afford painted. Theſe are the moſt perfect of many
ed one of the grandeſt fights that ever was be remains of this ancient art, to be ſeen in the dif-
held.
ferent windows of the abbey.
The imagination is forcibly ſtruck by the awful After ſurveying the open parts of this church,
folemnity of the place, cauſed by the loftineſs of the next thing to be viewed is the choir, which
the roof, and the happy diſpoſition of the lights, you can only fee during the times of divine fer-
and of that noble range of pillars which ſupports || vice; the grand entrance into which is by a pair
the whole building.
of iron gates finely wrought. The floor is
It may not be improper to obſerve, that the with the fineſt black and white marble : the an-
open ſpace between the rows of pillars is called cient ſtalls are covered with gothic acute arches,
the nave of the church; the incloſed ſpace, the ſupported by ſmall pillars of iron, and painted
choir ; the ſpace between the pillars and the || purple; but what you ſhould particularly remark,
walls, the iſles; and the enlarged ſpaces to the is an ancient painting near the pulpit, of that
north and ſouth, the north croſs and ſouth croſs. moſt beautiful prince Richard II. fitting in a chair
Theſe pillars terminate toward the eaſt by a of gold, and dreſſed in a veſt of green flowered
ſweep, thereby encloſing the chapel of Edward with gold, having on fhoes of gold powdered with
the confeſſor in a kind of ſemi-circle, and exclud- || pearls. This piece is in length fix feet eleven
ing all the other chapels belonging to the abbey, || inches, and, in breadth three feet ſeven in-
of which there are no leſs than ten in number, ches; the lower part much defaced. The next
beyond the avenue or walk, by which they are thing to be remarked, is the fine altar encloſed
ſurrounded. And it is worth your obſervation,
with a curious balluftre, within which is a pave-
that as far as to the gates of the choir the pillars ment of Moſaic work, made at the charge of ab-
are filleted with braſs, but all beyond with free bot Ware, and ſaid to be the moſt beautiful in
ftone ; from which circumſtance ſome take occa its kind of any in the world. By ſome latin ver-
fion to determine the bounds of the different en ſes it appears, that the ſtones whereof it is com-
largements of this church at different times, but poſed are of porphyry, and that it was laid in the
we think, with much uncertainty. Anſwerable year 1272, near 500 years ago. The altar, which
to the middle range of pillars are columns adjoin had formerly ſtood in a chapel at Whitehall, is a
ing to the walls, which as they riſe ſpring || ſtately and beautiful piece of marble, and was re-
into femi-arches, and are every where met in acute moved from the ſtores at Hampton-court in the
angles by their oppoſites, thereby throwing the year 1707, by order of her late majeſty queen
roof into a variety of intaglio's, as the term is, Anne, who preſented it to this church. On each
which are no other than little ornamental carvings fide the altar are marble doors opening into St.
at the cloſings and croſſings of the lines. On the Edward's chapel, where at their coronation, our
arches of the pillars are galleries of double co kings retire to refreſh themſelves.
lumns, 15 feet wide, covering the ſide-iſles, and Among the different aſcents to the roof of this
enlightened by a middle range of windows, over church, there is one at the weſt corner of the
paved
* The draught was mane and finiſhed by Sir Chriſtopher
Wren, and the fame gentleman's plans have been alſo uſed
in making all the other repairs.
Nn
north

142
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
th. 00 *
IT
north croſs, another at the eaſt corner of the dered; the walls, as well of the nave as of the
ſouth croſs; and over the ſouth weſt tower are ſouth iſles, are wrought into the moſt curious
ſmall chambers ſaid to have been formerly the imagery imaginable, and contains 120 large ſta-
habitation of Bradſhaw, preſident of the rebels tues of patriarchs, faints, martyrs, and confeffors,
bloody court, where he ended his days before the || placed in niches, under which are angels ſupport-
reſtoration in deep melancholy and grief.
ing imperial crowns, beſides innumerable {mall
ones, all of them efteemed ſo curious, that the
Deſcription of Henry VIIth's Chapel. beſt maſters have travelled from abroad to copy
them. The windows which are thirteen on each
AVING ſaid every thing neceſſary with ſide above, and as many below, in the north and
reſpect to the architecture of this ancient ſouth ifles, beſides the ſpacious eaſt window, jut
abbey, it remains ſtill to ſay fomething of that out into the gothic towers, and were formerly of
famous building called Henry VIIth's chapel, painted or diapered glaſs, having in every pane
which, as we have already hinted, is undoubtedly a white roſe, the badge of Lancalter, or an H the
of much later date than the fabric we have been initial letter of the founder's name, and portcul-
deſcribing. This wonder of the world, as it may || lifles, the badge of the Beaufort's crowned, of
well be ſtiled, is adorned without with fixteen which there are ſome now remaining. The roof
gothic towers, all beautifully ornamented with is flatciſh, and is ſupported on arches between the
admirable ingenuity, and jutting from the build nave and the fide iſles, which turn upon twelve
ing in different angles. Ic is ſituated to the eaſt ftately gothic pillars curiouſly adorned with fi-
of the abbey, to which it is ſo neatly joined, that gures, fruitage, and foliage. The length of this
at a ſuperficial view it appears to be one and the chapel within is 99 feet, the breadth 66, and the
ſame building. It is enlightened by a double
height 54.
range of windows, that throw the light into fuch We ſhall now proceed to ſuch curioſities in
a happy diſpoſition, as at once to pleaſe the eye Weſtminſter-abbey, as deſerve the reader's no-
and inſpire reverence, In the towers are niches, tice.
in which ſtood a number of ſtatues, that for ex-
preſſion were hardly to be equalled; but theſe Deſcriptive account of the Tombs and other Mo-
were removed by order of the rump parliament,
NUMENTs in the ſeveral CHAPELS.
left they ſhould tumble upon the heads of ſome
of its members. Theſe towers are joined to the T has been already obſerved, that there are
roof, by arches of the gothic order.
ten encloſed chapels belonging to Weſtmin-
From the eaſt end of the abbey you afcend to fter-abby, including Henry VIIth's, juſt now de-
the inſide, by ſteps of black marble under a ſcribed ; but as it would be a tedious work to en-
ſtately portico, which leads to the gates opening ter minutely into a deſcription of each, we ſhall
to the body or nave of the chapel, before you rather chuſe to go hand in hand with your guides,
enter which you may obſerve a door on each hand, in giving you an account of cheir contents.
opening into the fide iſles, for it is compoſed of a The following are the names of the ſeveral
nave and ſide ifles, every way anſwering the plan chapels beginning from the ſouth croſs, and ſo
of a cathedral. The gates by which you enter paſſing round to the north croſs: 1. St. Benedict;
the nave are well worth your obſervation : they 2. St. Edmund; 3. St. Nicholas; 4. Henry VII.
are of braſs moſt curiouſly wrought in the manner 5. St. Paul; 6. St. John the Baptiſt ; 7. Ifip's
of frame work, having in every other open pan-
Chapel; 8. St. John the Evangeliſt ; 9. St.
nel a roſe and portcullis alternately. Being enter-
Michael ; and 10. St. Andrew : beſides which,
ed, your eye will naturally be directed to the lofty the chapel of Edward the Confeffor, which, as
ceiling, which is wrought with ſuch aſtoniſhing va has been ſaid, is incloſed in the body of the
riety of figures as no deſcription can reach ; the church, ſtands in the center.
ſtalls are of brown wainſcot with gothic canopies,
moſt beautifully carved, as are the ſeats with ſtrange Account of the Tombs in the Chapel of St. Bene-
devices ; more particularly the carving under the
fears, are monſtrous repreſentations of beaſtly ac-
tions, but ſo ſtrongly expreſſed by the artificer, that HERE is in St. Benedict's chapel, an an-
nothing on wood is now remaining equal to it: cient tomb of free-ſtone, railed with iron
the pavement is of black and white marble, done on the ſide next the area, having formerly a ca-
at the charge of Dr. Killigrew, once prebendary nopy of wood, now quite demoliſhed and broken
of this abbey, as appears by two inſcriptions, one away; on which lies the image of archbiſhop
on a plate of braſs infixed in the riſe towards the Langham, who was firſt a monk, afterwards a
founder's tomb; the other cut in the pavement. prior, then an abbot of Weſtminſter, and laſtly
The eaft view from the entrance preſents you with archbiſhop of Canterbury. There is a Latin
the braſs chapel and tomb of the founder, and epitaph round his tomb, ſetting forth, “ That he
round it, where the eaſt end forms a ſemi-circle, cc was monk, prior, and abbot of this abbey ;
are the chapels of the duke of Buckingham and « afterwards elected biſhop of London; but Ely
Richmond, and the open ſpaces and windows, being then alſo vacant, he made choice of that
where is the tomb of Sheffield, duke of Bucking « ſee ; that he was primate and chancellor of
ham, and the effigy of the counteſs of Richmond. England; prieſt-cardinal, afterwards biſhop-
The fide-iſles open to the nave at the eaſt end on 56 cardinal of Preneſte ; and nuncio from the
each ſide of the founder's tomb; and at the eaſt pope;
and that he died on the feaſt of St.
end of the ſouth ille is the royal vault; and of " Mary Magdalene, in the year 1376, on whoſe
the other, the monuments of the princes mur 5 foul God have mercy, and grant him the joys
of
DICT.
T!
66

Engràve for Chamberlain's History of London,
Itu Chapel of Sring Henry VII iw Westminster Abbey-
RIH
000 000 000
out
The front veiw of WESTMINSTER HALL

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
143
66
is of heaven for the merits of Chriſt." He was the ſpot where St. Benedict's altar ſtood) compofa
made cardinal by pope Urban V. with the title ed of various kinds of marble, to the memory
of St. Sextus, but was deprived of his archbiſhop of lady Frances, counteſs of Hertford, who is
rick by king Edward the third, for being pro here repreſented in her robes in a cumbent pof-
moted without his conſent: in 1369 he was made ture, with her head reſting on an embroidered
biſhop cardinal of Preneſty, by pope Gregory XI. cuſhion, and her feet on a lion's back. The
and had the profits afligned him of the archdea- || ſculpture of this monument is extremely curious,
conries of Taunton and Wells ; founded a houſe and well worth attention. It ſeems to repreſent
of Carthuſians at Avignon in Province, at which a ſtately temple, where the enſigns and devices of
place he was firſt interred, and afterwards remov the noble families of Somerſet and Effingham,
ed to the chapel of St. Benedict.
appear to be the chief ornaments. The Latin
The next object worthy of attention is a moſt inſcriptions ſet forth; " that ſhe was wife to the
elegant monument of black and white marble, os noble earl of Hertford, fon to the renowned
on which are two images in a cumbent poſture, prince Edward, duke of Somerſet, earl of
repreſenting an ancient nobleman in his robes, “ Hertford, viſcount Beauchamp, and baron Sey-
with his lady. This monument was erected in mour ; that ſhe was daughter to the noble lord
memory of Lyonel Cranfield, earl of Middle • William, baron Howard, of Effingham, knight
ſex, by his relict lady Anne: a tranſlation of the “ of the garter, high admiral to queen Mary,
latin inſcription on this monument is as follows: ç and lord chamberlain and privy ſeal to queen
" Sacred to the memory of Lyonel lord Cran 56 Elizabeth, &c. That for her many graces
“ field, earl of Middleſex, who by that diſcern “ both of mind and body, ſhe was highly fa-
ing prince king James I. being called to court, “ voured by her gracious ſovereign, and dearly
was for his excellent parts bountifully rewarded “ loved by her noble lord ; who, in teſtimony of
“ both with honours and fortune ; being made "s his inviolable affection, conſecrated to her me-
ss maſter of the requeſts, and of the wardrobe, mory this monument. She died in the forty-
" preſident of the court of wards and privy « fourth year of her age, May 14, 1598."
es counſellor. The new and illuſtrious, as well as A monument is affixed to the wall, on the
“ difficult province of lord treaſurer of Eng- || ſouth ſide of this chapel, to the memory of Dr.
“ land, he fill'd; which ſervices, (how indefa Gabriel Goodman, who is repreſented in his pro-
tigably he underwent) his titles of knight, per habit, and kneeling. The Latin infcription
"s baron Cranfield, and laſtly earl of Middleſex, || intimates, “ that he was the fifth dean of this
“s with various other honours, abundantly teftifiy. “ church, over which he preſided for forty
“ From hence envy ſwelling, its utmoſt efforts years with much applaule ; that he founded
" were exerted to raiſe ſtorms againſt him. Whilft an hoſpital, and inſtituted a ſchool, at Ruthing
" he boldly ſtanding on his guard, encouraged « in Denbighſhire, where he was born; that he
" by the conſciouſneſs of his innocence, was " was a man of a regular and devout life ; and
" ſhamefully toffed about; but happily eſcaping " that he died in 1601, aged 73.” This Dr.
ſhipwreck, in a compoſed winter of life, caſt Goodman was the firſt who raiſed the learned
$6 anchor and finiſhed his courſe in a retired lei Cambden from obſcurity, by defraying the ex-
“ ſure. Here lying concealed, being wearied pences of ſeveral of his journies in ſearch of an-
« out firſt, and waſted afterwards, this pilot was tiquities, and making him ſecond maſter of Weſta
“ rouſed up to undertake a ſafer voyage, and minſter ſchool.
5 made the port of Heaven. He died the 6th There is alſo, on the ſame fide, and under the
so of Auguſt, 1645, aged about ſeventy, he was adjoining arch, a neat table monument of white
“ twice married, by his firſt wife he had three | marble, to the memory of George Sprat, ſecond
daughters, Elizabeth late counteſs of Mul. ſon of Dr. Thomas Sprat, biſhop of Rocheſter,
grave; Martha, counteſs of Monmouth; and and dean of Weſtminſter, by his wife Helena,
" Mary, who died unmarried. By the the ſe defcended from the ancient and honourable fami-
" cond, who ſurvived him, he had three ſons and ly of the Wolſeys in Staffordſhire, who lies in-
two daughters, James, heir to the honour of terred in the chapel of St. Nicholas. He died in
" earl Middleſex ; Lyonel and Edward; Frances, the year 1608, being an infant only one year old.
lady Buckhurſt; and Suſannah, who died an In this chapel, Catherine, daughter to Dr. Dol-
" infant."
ben, biſhop of Rocheſter, dean of Weſtminſter,
There is another tomb near biſhop Langham's, and afterwards archbiſhop of York, lies interred;
about eighteen inches from the ground, on which as does alſo a counteſs of Kildare in Ireland ;
is engraved on a braſs plate the figure of an old and Dr. John Spotſwood, lord archbiſhop of St.
man in a doctor's habit, deſigned for doctor Andrews, primate and lord chancellor of Scot-
William Bill, dean of Weſtminſter, maſter of land, who departed this life in the year 1640.
Eaton college, head of Trinity in Cambridge, A monument is affixed in the wall, between
and chief almoner co queen Elizabeth, as appears this chapel and the next, of Moſaic work, the
by his inſcription. He died July 5, 1561. On ſides in plain pannels, but the top of the table
a braſs plate are ſome latin verſes, ſetting forth, wrought in figures, ſaid to be done with the ſame
" that he was a good and learned man, and a kind of ſtones as the floor before the altar, and
« friend to thoſe that were fo; that he was juſt erected for the children of Henry I. and Ed.
" and charitable; and that the poor, as well as ward I. Over this tomb is ſomething which
" the three colleges over which he preſided, ſeems to have been a piece of church perſpective,
“ ſuſtained an irreparable lofs by his death.” but now almoſt defaced. This certainly was once
There is a very fine monument on the eaſt (on a rich and coſtly monument ;, for in the records
of
66
66
22

144
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
TH
of the Tower, there is the king's order for erect The figures of the ancient badges of honour
ing ſuch a one in this place, and for allowing belonging to the Stafford family, who deſcend by
maſter Simon de Wells five marks and a half, to ten different marriages from the royal blood of
defray his expences in bringing from the city a England and France, are placed round this in-
handſome braſs image to ſet upon his daughter | fcription.
Catharine's comb; and for paying to Simon de
Glouceſter, the king's goldſmith, for a filver Invented and ſtained by Robert Chambers.
image for the like purpoſe, the ſum of ſeventy
marks.
The next is a ſmall table monument, on which
lie the figures of William of Windſor, fixth ſon
Of the Tombs, &c. in the Chapel of of Edward III. who died in his infancy; and of
St. EDMUND,
Blanch of the Tower, fifter to William, who
likewiſe died young, having obtained their ſur-
HE next curioſity that follows in order is names from the places of their nativity. What
the chapel of St. Edmund, at the entrance is remarkable, they are dreſſed in the habits of
of which, on your left hand, is a monument fa their time, the boy in a ſhort doublet, of the
cred to the memory of John of Eltham, ſecond indecency whereof Chaucer's parſon complains ;
ſon of king Edward II. and ſo called from Eltham the girl in a horned head-dreſs, which Scow fays
in Kent, the place of his nativity, where our was frightful.
Engliſh kings had once a palace. His ftatue is Againſt the eaſt wall between the monuments
of white alabaftar, the head encircled in a coronet of lady Frances, dutcheſs of Suffolk, and John
of greater and leſſer leaves, remarkable for its of Eltham, earl of Cornwall, is a monument
being the firſt of the kind ; his habit is that of erected to the memory of Nicholas Monck, pro-
an armed knight. He died in Scotland at the voſt of Eron, biſhop of Hereford, and brother
age of nineteen, unmarried ; though three dif to George Monck duke of Albemarle, &c. he
ferent matches had been propoſed to him ; the died December, the 11th, 1661, aged fifty. In
laft of which, to Mary daughter of Ferdinand the year 1723, his grandſon Chriſtopher Rawlin-
king of Spain, he accepted; but lived not to ſon, eſquire; of Cark in Lancaſhire, cauſed this
conſummate it. His funeral was fo magnificent to be erected.
and coſtly, that the prior and convent demanded The effigy of lady Frances dutcheſs of Suffolk,
rool. (a vaft fum then) for horſe and armour pre in her proper robes, lies on an adjoining tomb
ſent there on the day of his burial. This monu raiſed from the floor, ſhe was daughter of the fa-
ment is by ſome authors ſaid to belong to H. Hol mous Charles Brandon, by Mary the French
Iand, duke of Exeter, who in the reign of Ed queen, daughter to Henry VII, and became
ward IV. loſt his life at ſea.
herſelf dutchefs of Suffolk, by marrying Henry
Grey, then marquis of Dorſet, but upon her
There is at the feet of this a handſome monu father's deceaſe created duke of Suffolk, and
ment of white marble, with the following in afterwards beheaded for being concerned in
ſcription.
Wyat’s attempt for dethroning the bloody queen
In this chapel lies interred all that was mortal Mary : by the duke ſhe had two daughters,
of the moſt illuſtrious and moſt benevolent John || lady Jane and Catharine; lady Jane was mar-
Paul Howard, earl of Stafford, who in 1738
ried to lord Guildford Dudley, fon
to the
married Elizabeth, daughter of A. Ewens of the duke of Northumberland, and afterwards pro-
county of Somerſet, efquire, by Elizabeth his claimed queen, but not being properly ſup-
wife, eldeſt daughter of John St. Albin, of Al ported, fell a ſacrifice to the reſentment of her
foxton, in the ſame county, eſquire.
fucceffors, who cut off the heads of her huſband
and father-in-law, as well as that of her father;
His heart was as truly great and noble
lady Catharine was more fortunate, and married
As his high deſcent:
firſt lord Herbert, ſon to the earl of Pembroke,
Faithful to his God,
and afterwards Edward, earl of Hertford.-Being
A lover of his country,
now deprived of a huſband and daughter, the
A relation to relations,
dutcheſs herſelf fell under the diſpleaſure of the
A deceſter of detraction,
court on account of her religion, and was charg-
A friend to mankind :
ed with dreſſing a cat in a rochet in ridicule of the
Naturally generous and compaſſionate : epiſcopal dignity ; this charge was vigorouſly
His liberality and his charity to the poor proſecuted againſt her by the ſecret direction of
were without bounds.
Gardiner, biſhop of Wincheſter; who being un.
We therefore piouſly hope that at the laſt day, der confinement in the Tower in the preceding
His body will be received in glory
reign, and ſeeing the dutchefs paſs under his win-
Into the everlaſting tabernacles.
dow, made her a very courteous reverence: but
Being ſnatched away ſuddenly by death, her grace, inſtead of returning the compliment,
Which he had long meditated and expected
told him with an air of contempt,
" it was well
with conſtancy,
es for the lambs, now the wolves were ſhut up ;"
He went to a better life the firſt of April, 1762; which flight he never forgave: ſo that, not being
Having lived fixty-one years, nine months, and able to forſee the conſequences, ſhe judged it
moſt prudent privately to retire into the country,
The counteſs dowager, in teſtimony of her great
where ſhe ſoon after married one Adrian Stock,
Affection and reſpect to her lord's memory, eſq; and with him lived unknown and unnoticed,
Has cauſed this monument to be placed here. till the acceſſion of queen Elizabeth to the crown,
when
fix days.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
143
then ſhe again appeared at court, and became a of Bedford) and his fon Francis by Elizabetli
;
great favourite, inſomuch, that the queen, in re daughter of Sir Anthony Cook, knight and wi-
gard ſhe was lineally deſcended from Henry VII. dow of Sir Thomas Hoby, knight. He is re-
diſtinguiſhed her with an augmentation of the preſented in a cumbent poſture, habited in his
arms of England, viz. a Border Gaubony, Gold coronation robes, with his infant ſon at his feet.
and Azure, which ac her funeral was placed with His lady was eſteemed the Sappho of her age,
her anceſtors arms in banners, banner rolls, lo- || being well verſed in the learned languages, and
zenges, and ſcutcheons; and quartered on the an excellent poet; five of the epitaphs on this
monument we are now deſcribing. The time of tomb are of her compoſition, of which three are
her death is no where to be found, but it is cer in latin, one in greek, and the other in Engliſh,
tain fhe died before her ſecond huſband : In which is here tranſcribed as a ſpecimen, the pure
Fox's Martyrology the ſufferings of this great port of the others being the fame.
Jady, for the reformed religion, are fully related;
and, if we may credit what is there ſet down, ſhe Right noble twice, by virtue and by birth;
was once reduced to ſuch miſery, as after wan Of Heaven lov’d, and honour'd on the Earth;
dering up and down till ſhe was faint, to be His country's hope, his kindred's chief delight;
obliged to lie a long winter's night in a church My huſband dear, more than this world's light,
yard. On her tomb are two inſcriptions; the firſt Death hath me reft. But I from death will take
in latin verſe, deſcribing her virtues and accom His memory, to whom this tomb I make.
pliſhments, the ſecond in Engliſh, which is little John was his name (ah was !) wretch muſt I ſay ;
more than an account of her ſeveral marriages. Lord Ruſſel once, now my tear-thirſty clay.
The next monument to this is a very grand one
of white marble, repreſenting a youth in Grecian Near this monument there are two others, af-
armour, ſitting on a greek altar; and erected, as fixed to the wall, one to the memory of lady
the latin inſcription ſets forth, to the memory of || Seymour, daughter to Edward duke of Somerſet,
Francis Hollis, by John, earl of Clare, his af who died March the 19th, 1560, aged nineteen ;
flicted father. This brave youth, after returning the other to the right honourable the lady Catha-
home from making a campaign in Flanders, died rine Knollys, chief lady of the queen's bed-cham-
Auguſt 12th, 1622, in his nineteenth year. The ber, and wife to Sir Francis Knollys, knight,
following is his epitaph.
treaſurer of her highreſs's houſhold. She died
January the 15th, 1568. This lady Knollys and
What fo thou haſt of nature or of arts,
lord Hunſdon, her brother, were the only chil-
Youth, beauty, ftrength, or what excelling parts dren of William Carey, eſq; by lady Mary his
Of Mind and Body, letters, arms and worth, wife, one of the daughters and heirs of Thomas
His eighteen years, beyond his years, brought forth; Boleyn, earl of Wiltſhire and Ormond, and
Then ſtand and read thyſelf within this glaſs, ſiſter to Anne Boleyn, queen of England, wife
How ſoon theſe periſh, and thyſelf may paſs ; to Henry VIII. father and mother to queen Eli-
Man's life is meaſured by the work not days, zabeth. What is farther remarkable, the only
No aged floth, but active youth hath praiſe. daughter of lady Knollys, was the favourite earl
of Effex's mother.
You are next preſented with a white alabaſtat There is a very ancient monument juſt under
of lady Elizabeth Ruffel, in a feeping poſture. the window fronting the entrance, which repre-
This lady was daughter to lord Ruffel ; and is ſents a gothic chapel, and in it the figure of a
ſaid to have died with a prick of her finger, which knight in armour, in a cumbent poſture, with
circumſtance is apt to raiſe pity in the minds of his feet reſting on a lion's back. This was erec-
the ſpectators; but this ſtory has no other foun ted for Sir Bernard Brocas, of Baurepaire in the
dation, than the mifapprehenſion of the ſtatuary's | county of Hants (Gutherie calls him Brokehouſe)
deſign ; for having repreſented her as aſleep, and chamberlain to Anne, queeń to Richard II. But
pointing with her finger to a death's head under this princeſs dying, and Richard falling under
her right foot, it has been ſuppoſed that her fin the diſpleaſure of his peoplewho depoſed him,
ger bled, and that the bleeding had cloſed her Sir Bernard ſtill adhered to his royal maſter in his
eyes in death ; whereas the defign of the artiſt misfortunes, which coſt him his life ; for being
ſeems rather to allude to the compoſed ſituation of concerned with many others in an unſucceſsful
her mind at the approach of death, which fhe attempt to reſtore him to the crown, he ſhared
conſidered only as a profound ſleep, from which the common fate of almoſt all the leaders in that
ſhe was again to wake in a joyful reſurrection ; of conſpiracy, and was in the month of January,
which the motto under her feet is a clear illuſtra-
1399, publickly beheaded on Tower-hill.
tion; Dormit, non niortua eft ; " ſhe is not dead, On the weſt ſide, adjoining to this, is the mo-
“ but ſleepeth.” The latin inſcription on the nument of Sir Richard Peckfall, knight, maſter
ſcroll beneath, only tells that her afflicted fifter of the Buck-hounds to queen Elizabeth ; firſt
Ann erected this monument to her memory. The married to Alianer, the daughter of William
device is an eagle, the emblem of eternity, ſtand Paulet, marquis of Wincheſter, by whom he
ing on a florilege of roſes, &c.
had four daughters
' ; and afterwards to Alianer,
There is another moſt magnificent monument daughter to John Cotgravė, who erected this
within the rails which encloſe this laſt; it is com monument to his memory, as appears by the in-
poſed of marble and alabaſter of various colours, fcription : on the baſis of the pillars are the
painted and gilt; and erected to the memory of || following verſes tranfiated from the latin.
John. lord Ruffels (ſon and heir to Francis earl
13
Oo
Death

146
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Death can't disjoin, whom Chriſt has join'd in love, devout perfons expreifing a deſire to offer up
Love leads to death, and death to life above. their prayers for the welfare of his ſoul, one hun.
In heaven's a happier place, frail things deſpiſe, dred days were granted them for that purpoſe.
Live well, to gain in future life the prize.
Not far from the tomb of Valence, is a moſt
magnificent monument, partly encloſed, to the
At a ſmall diſtance from this is an ancient mo memory of Edward Talbot, eighth earl of
nument of grey marble, on which, in plated braſs, Shrewſbury, who died February the 8th, 1617,
is the figure of a knight in armour; his head aged fifty-ſeven, and his lady Jane, eldeft daugh-
reclined upon his helmet, and one of his feet ter and coheireſs of Cuthbert baron Ogle, whoſe
placed upon a leopard, the other on an eagle. effigies in their robes lie on a black marble table,
By the Latin inſcription this knight was Hum- || ſupported by a pedeſtal of alabaſter. This mo-
phry Bourchier, ſon and heir to John Bourchier, nument is finely ornamented, and the carving on
lord Barners ;- who, eſpouſing the cauſe of Ed the various coloured marble is exquiſite. The
ward IV. againſt the earl of Warwick, was ſlain inſcription contains nothing more than his titles
in the battle of Barnet-field, on Eaſter-day, in and character, which is indeed very high : he was
the year 1471.
honourable without pride: potent without often-
On the entrance to this chapel, on the right | tation : religious without ſuperſtition : liberal
hand is the ancient monument of William de both in mind and bounty : warded ever againſt
Valence, lying in a cumbent poſture on a cheſt fortune, his whole life was a path of juſtice; and
of wainſcot placed upon a tomb of grey marble ; his innocence eſcaping envy; continued through
the figure is wood, covered originally with cop the whole courſe of his life.
per gilt, as was the cheſt in which it lies, but the
There is a tomb two feet high on the floor of
greateſt part has been filched away, and of 30 this chapel, on which is a lady in a widow's dreſs
ſmall images that were placed in little braſs with a barb and veil cut in brafs, round which is
niches round ir, ſcarce one remains entire. This an inſcription in old French, importing that Ali-
William de Valence was earl of Pembroke, and aner de Bohun, daughter and heireſs of Sir Hum-
ſon to the earl of March, by Iſabel, widow to phry de Bohun, earl of Hertford, Effex, and
king John; and being half brother to Henry III. Northampton, and wife to the mighty and noble
was made prime miniſter to that prince, which prince of Woodſtock, duke of Glouceſter, earl
brought upon him the odium of the barons.
of Effex and Buckingham, fon to Henry III.
Being unable to maintain his poſt, he was at lies interred here. This lady, who was the
length, in 1237, forced to fly, leaving his lands greateſt heireſs in England, was deprived of her
in mortgage to one Aaron, a Jew, at York, for huſband by the cruelty of his nephew, Richard II.
ninety marks in gold ; which ſeems to have been who, jealous of his popularity, moſt treacher-
a conſiderable fum, by the account given of the oúfly betrayed him by a fhew of friendſhip ; for
ſplendor of his equipage at his departure. About coming to viſit him at Plaiby, a pleaſant ſeat of
two years after, having ſquandered his money his in Effex, and ſtaying ſupper, in duty he
abroad, the king intereſted himſelf in his favour; thought to attend his majeſty to town; but at
and having ſollicited his return, beſtowed upon Stratford was ſuddenly furrounded by an ambuſh
him the government of Hertford-caſtle, of which of armed men, who privately hurried him on
he made a wanton uſe; for, being a foreigner, board a ſhip, and carried him to Calais, where,
and for that reaſon hated by the Engliſh, he ſipt || by the king's order ; he was ſtifled between fea-
no opportunity to mortify them; Matthew Paris ther-beds. After this melancholy accident his
gives one inſtance among many of his inſolent lady fpent the reſt of her days in the nunnery at
behaviour to the biſhop of Ely, whoſe Park at Barking, and died October 3, 1399; from whence
Hatfield lying contiguous to his government, Va her remains were brought, and here interred. In
lence forcibly entered it without the biſhop's the year 1397, the duke her huſband was mur-
leave, and having hunted till he was tired, broke dered.
open the biſhop's houſe, pantries and cellars, and Near the above is, a white marble table monu-
feaſting himſelf and followers till they were ment of Mary counteſs of Stafford: who died in
gorged and drunk, committed the moſt tumultu January 1693, and who was wife to the unfortu-
ous outrages, pulling out the taps of the caſks nate viſcount Stafford, beheaded in the reign of
that were empty, and broaching thoſe that were king Charles II. on Tower-hill
. She was lineally
full, ſuffering what they left to run about the deſcended from the noble perſonages juft men-
cellars, and beating the ſervants unmercifully tioned, and from the barons and earls of Stafford,
that oppoſed their riot. This done, they went and was daughter and heireſs to the noble houſe
off laughing at their miſchief. In the year 1258, of Buckingham.
he was again baniſhed, together with many other Above the duke of Suffolk's monument againſt
foreigners, who had made themſelves obnoxious the wall is one erected to the memory of Mary
to the Engliſh barons; however, in 1264, we find counteſs of Stafford, and of Henry earl of Staf-
him once more in England, at the battle of Eve ford her ſon, who died abroad in 1719, and was
fham, where the king was taken priſoner by the buried here.
barons, and he, with four hundred cuiraſſiers, There are ſeveral perfons interred in this chapel
fled to the caſtle of Pevenſy, till they found of leſs note than thoſe already mentioned; parti-
means to tranſport themſelves into France, where, cularly Henry Ferne, D. D. biſhop of Cheſter,
in 1296, he was flain treacherouſy at Bayonne. who, dying March 16, 1662, enjoyed his bi-
His body was afterwards brought to England, || ſhopric but five weeks.
and honourably buried in this chapel, and many An archbiſhop is, alſo buried here, as appears .
by

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
147
an-
O
by a very antique figure in a maſs habit, engraven iſſue. She died at Hamworth in the nineteenth
on a braſs plate, and placed on a fat ſtone in the year of her age, April 16, 1587.
pavement, over the remains of Robert de Wal The next is a beautiful monument to the me-
by; who, as appears by the inſcription, was firſt mory of lady Elizabeth Fane, the inſcription of
an Auguſtin monk, and attended Edward the which repreſents her ancient deſcent, but in a
black prince into France, where, being young, particular manner her virtues. She was daugh-
he proſecuted his ſtudies, and made a ſurprizing ter to Robert baron Spencer, of Wormleighton,
progreſs in natural and moral philoſophy, phyſic, and wife to Sir George Fane, of Bufton in Kent.
the languages, and in the canon law; and be She died in the 28th year of her age 1618.
ing likewiſe an eloquent preacher and ſound di Under this, adjoining to the wall, is an
vine, was made divinity profeffor in the univerſity |tique monument of grey marble beautifully
of Thoulouſe; where he continued till called by wrought, placed over Nicholas baron Carew,
Richard II. to the biſhopric of Man, from and the lady Margaret his wife, daughter of John
whence he was removed to the archbiſhopric of lord Dinham, and, as 'tis imagined, mother to
Dublin; but not liking that ſituation, he was ad Sir Nicholas Carew, who was beheaded in the
vanced to the fee of Chicheſter, and afterwards time of Henry VIII. for holding a correſpon-
to the archbiſhopric of York. From an inſcrip-dence with cardinal de la Pole, and ſpiriting up
tion ſcarce legible we are informed he died May a rebellion on account of religion. They both
29, 1397..
died in the year 1470 : he on the 6th of Decem-
On the weſt ſide of this chapel there is another ber, ſhe on the 13th.
grave ſtone of black marble, ſacred to the me Beneath this tomb, engraven on braſs, is the
mory of Edward lord Herbert, who died Decem portrait of Sir Humphrey Stanley, who died the
ber 9, 1678, aged 46. He was baron of Cher 12th of March, 1505, He was knighted by
bury in England, and of Caſtle- Ireland in Ire Henry VII. for his gallant behaviour under his
land.
couſin lord Stanley, at the battle of Boſworth-
field.
Deſcription of the Tombs in St. NICHOLAS’s Near to this is a moſt ſuperb monumento
CHAPEL.
erected by the great lord Burleigh, to the memo-
ry of Mildred his wife, and their daughter lady
N the left hand as you enter is a monument Anne, counteſs of Oxford. It repreſents a ſtately
of black marble, finely poliſhed, and a temple made of porphyry, and other kinds of
dorned with cherubims. The ſcroll and figures marble gilt. It is divided into two compartments,
are in alabaſter; the former of which has a long one raiſed over the other. In the lower lies lady
infcription on it in Engliſh, deſcribing the deſcent Burleigh with her daughter lady Jane in her arms;
and marriage of lady Jane Clifford, youngeſt and at her head and feet are her children and
daughter to the duke of Somerſet, and wife to grand children kneeling. In the upper compart-
Charles lord Clifford and Dungarvon, who died ment is the figure of a venerable old man, in
the 23d of November, 1679.
the robes and enligns of the garter, kneeling, as
On the ſame fide, near the door, is a monu if at prayers. It is ſuppoſed to be deſigned for
ment of alabaſter erected for lady Cecil, lady lord Burleigh. There is a long latin inſcription
of the bedchamber to queen Elizabeth, and fetting forth their reſpective virtues, and explain-
daughter of lord Cobham ; who having married ing the figures. This amiable lady, after being
Sir Robert Cecil, ſon to William lord Burleigh, 40 years married, died the 4th of April 1589.
treaſurer of England, died in child-bed, two Adjoining is a monument erected to the me-
years after, which was in the year 1591. There
mory of William de Dudley, alias Sutton, ſon of
is a dialogue in latin, deſcribing the mutual af Johni lord Dudley, who died in the year 1483.
fection that fubfifted between the happy pair. He was archdeacon of Middleſex, dean of Wind-
From this the beholders are particularly ſtruck for, and, in 1476, lord biſhop of Durham.
with admiration at viewing a moſt fuperb temple There is another beautiful monument erected
of various coloured marble, erected to the me to the memory of lady Winifred, who was firſt
mory of Anne, dutcheſs of Somerſet, wife to married to Sir Richard Sackville, knt, and after-
Edward duke of Somerſet, brother to the third wards to John Paulet, marquis of Wincheſter,
wife of king Henry VIII, queen Jane Seymour Before this monument, on the baſe, are the fi-
and uncle to Edward VI, and ſome time regent gures of a knight armed and kneeling ; oppoſite
during his minority. He was afterwards dif him is a lady in deep mourning, in the like atti-
graced, accuſed of treaſonable and felonious tude ; behind whoſe back, on a baptiſmal font,
practices againſt the king and council, tried by lies, an infant with its head ſupported by a pillow.
his peers, and acquitted of treaſon, but con The inſcription implies, that ſhe was deſcended
demned of felony in levying armed men contrary of illuſtrious parents, and married firſt a gentle-
to law. In conſequence of which he was ſenten man whoſe anceſtors were renowned before the
ced to be hanged, but in reſpect to his quality, conqueror's time, and that her ſecond huſband
was beheaded on Tower-hill, the 22d of January, was of noble blood.
in the year 1551. The inſcription on the tomb is in On the weſt ſide of this chapel againſt the wall,
latin and Engliſh, and deſcribes the noble lineage is a gothic monument with the effigy of a lady in
of this great lady, who was daughter to Sir Ed robes. By the inſcription, this lady appears to
ward Stanhope, by Elizabeth daughter of Foulke be Philippa, ſecond daughter and coheir to John
Bourchier, lord Fitz-Water, her alliances and lord Mohun, of Dunſtar, who died in the year
1433

148
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
1433. She was firſt married to Edward Planta gies of the royal pair, in their robes of ſtates
genet, duke of York, and afterwards to Sir Wal. lying cloſe to each other on a tomb of black
ter Fitz-Walter, knt. by neither of whom ſhe marble; the head of which is ſupported by a red
appears to have had iſſue.
dragon, the enſign of Cadwallader, the laſt king
There are two beautiful pyramids in this cha of the britons, from whom king Henry VII. was
pel; the largeſt erected to the memory of Nicho fond of tracing his deſcent. There are various
las Bagenall, a child of two months old, that devices alluding to his family and alliances; ſuch
was overlaid by his nurſe the 7th of March, 1688: as portculliffes, ſignifying his relation to the Beau-
the other to the memory of Anna Sophia Harley, forts by his mother's ſide; roſes twiſted and
a child of a year old, daughter to the honourable crowned in memory of the union of the two
Chriſtopher Harley, ambaſſador from the French royal houſes of Lancaſter and York ; and at each
king, who died in the year 1605. The inſcrip end a crown in a buſh, referring to the crown of
tion informs us, that the heart of this child is Richard III. found in a hawthorn, near Boſworth-
placed in a cup on the top of the pyramid. field. He died the 21ſt of April 1509, in the
There is a fine raiſed moument of poliſhed 53d year of his age. This monument was not
marble in the middle of this chapel, to the me erected till fome time after his interment.
mory of Sir George Villars and his lady, Mary The remains of Edward VI. grandſon to Henry
Beaumont, created counteſs of Buckingham (in VII. lie depoſited at the head of this chauntry.
1618. She died the 19th of April 1632, aged A ſtately monument was originally erected to his
62. Her ſon was advanced to the dignity of memory by queen Mary, his ſiſter and ſucceſſor,
duke of Buckingham, by the favour of king but having ſome curious ſculpture, repreſenting
James I. and in the third year of king Charles I. the paſſion and reſurrection of our Saviour, with
owing to the hatred he incurred from the public, two angels on the top kneeling, it was entirely
was ſtabbed by Felton in the council-chamber at demoliſhed by the puritan party, during the grand
St. James's.
rebellion, as a relict of romiſh ſuperſtition. He
The marquis of Hamilton, who died in 1638, died in the 16th year of his age, and ſeventh of
lies interred near this tomb. After a life of his reign.
ftrange viciſſitude, being engaged in the long and In a ſmall chapel on one ſide of the tomb of
civil bloody wars during the reign of Charles I. Henry VII. is a monument of caſt braſs, in which
he was, at length, after the murder of his royal are the effigies of Lewis Stuart, duke of Rich-
maſter, cut off by the uſurper; and, together mond and Francis his wife. They are repreſented
with the lords Capel and Holland, fell a ſacrifice as lying on a marble table under a canopy of
to the policy of thoſe unhappy times.
braſs curiouſly wrought, and ſupported by the
Juſt by lies Elizabeth counteſs of Derby, who figures of faith, hope, charity, and prudence.
died in 1626. She was the wife of William There is on the top a beautiful figure of fame
Stanley, earl of Derby, eldeſt daughter of Ed taking her fight and reſting only on her toe.
ward de Vere, earl of Oxford, and grand-daugh This illuſtrious nobleman died the 16th of Fe-
ter to lord Burleigh.
bruary 1623. His lady the 8th of October 1639.
Algernon Seymour, duke of Somerſet, lies in There is likewiſe a pyramid of black and white
terred in this chapel. He died the 7th of Fe marble ſupporting a ſmall urn, in which is con-
bruary 1750. Over the monument of lady Rofs tained the heart of Eſme Stuart, ſon to the duke
hang his banners, &c. Frances, relict of the of Richmond and Lenox, who died in France the
above duke, eldeſt daughter and coheireſs of the 14th of Auguſt 1661, in the eleventh year of
honourable Henry Thynne, efq; died the 7th of his
age.
July 1754. Her banners hang over Elizabeth There is a very antique monument on the
dutcheſs of Somerſet's. In the ſame place is like north ſide of Henry VIIths chapel, which is de-
wiſe interred George lord viſcount Beauchamp, corated with ſeveral emblematical figures in braſs
who died of the ſmall pox in France the 11th of || gilt with gold, the moſt material of which is Nep-
September 1744.
tune in a penſive poſture with his trident reverſed,
Sir Henry Spelman, who died in a very ad and Mars with his head cruſhed. Theſe figures
vanced age, was buried at the door of this cha- | ſupport the tomb on which lies the effigy of
pel in the year 1641. He was ſuppoſed to be the George Villars, duke of Buckingham, the great
moſt learned antiquary of his time.
favourite of king James I. and king Charles I.
who fell a facrifice to national reſentment, and
Account of the tombs in the chapel of king periſhed by the hands of an affaflin. The dutcheſs,
HENRY VII.
who cauſed this monument to be erected to his
memory, lies in effigy by his ſide on the ſame
THE original intent of this chapel was as a tomb. There is a latin inſcription, which repre-
ſepulchre, in which none but the royal fa ſents his high titles and honours, and alludes to
mily was to be interred; nor indeed have any the unhappy cauſe of his death.
been admitted but thoſe of the higheſt deſcent. Not inferior to the above is a monument erected
In this chapel ſtands the magnificent tomb of about thirty years ago to the memory of John
Henry VII. and Elizabeth his queen. It is in- | Sheffield, late duke of Buckingham, where, on
cloſed in a curious chauntry of caſt braſs, beau an altar of the moſt beautiful marble, lies in a
tifully deſigned, and well executed : it is orna half raiſed poſture, his grace's effigy in a roman
mented with ſtatues, of which thoſe only of St. habit, with his dutcheſs Catharine, natural daugh-
George, St. James, St. Bartholomew and St. Ed ter of the duke of York, afterwards king James
ward are now remaining. Within it are the effi II. ftanding at his feet weeping. On each ſide
THE
are

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
149
valuable queen,
are enrichments of military trophies, and over truly religious and bleſſed in all her great af-
all a beautiful figure of Time holding ſeveral buſ Co fairs; and that after a calm and reſigned death
tos in relievo, being the portraits of their graces "s in the ſeventieth year of her age, ſhe left her
children. In the early part of his life he was a co mortal part to be depoſited in this church,
moft excellent poet, and in the latter part, per-
66 which ſhe eſtabliſhed on a new footing, till by
haps one of the firſt writers of his time. Over 66 Chriſt's word ſhe is called to immortality.” She
his grace's effigy is a latin inſcription, importing died the 24th of March, in the year 1602. In
the affection he bore to his king and country, and this ſame place lies interred the bloody queen Ma-
his reſignation to the will of providence. He died ry, whoſe reign preceded that of the above
the 24th of February 1720, in the 75th year of
his age. He left his literary productions to the There is in this iſle a pyramid of a conſiderable
care of Mr. Pope. His grace had three wives : height, ſupported by two griffins of braſs gilt, on
the firſt Urſula, counteſs of Conway; the ſecond a pedeſtal of the moſt curious marble, erected to
Catharine, counteſs of Gainſborough, who died the memory of Charles Montague, the firſt of
in 1704, and lies here interred; and the third this family who bore the title of lord Hallifax.
Catharine, counteſs of Angleſey, who died the He died the 19th of May 1715.
14th of March 1743.
In the ſame iſle, at the eaſt end, is a vault, in
You now enter the north ifle, where is fixed which are depoſited the remains of king James I.
on the eaſt wall a beautiful altar raiſed by king and his queen, who was daughter to Frederick II.
Charles II. to the memory of Edward V. and king of Denmark. This prince reigned over
his brother, who by their treacherous uncle Rich Scotland fifty-nine years, and England twenty-
ard III. were murdered in the Tower. The in two. After a long and peaceful reign, he died
fcription is in latin, the tranſlation of which runs the 16th of March 1625, aged ſixty.
thus: “ Here lie the reliques of Edward V. king
There is a ſmall tomb over this vault with the
“ of England, and Richard, duke of York; figure of a child, erected to the memory of Mary,
“ who being confined in the Tower, and there third daughter to king James I. born at Green-
“ ſtifled with pillows, were privately and meanly || wich in the year 1605; and ſoon afterwards com-
" buried by order of their perfidious uncle mitted to the care of lady Knevet, in whoſe houſe,
" Richard the uſurper: their bones, long en at two years old, ſhe died the 16th of December
“ quired after and wiſhed for, after lying 201 1607.
years in the rubbiſh of the ſtairs, (thoſe lately To the memory of Sophia, fourth daughter of
e leading to the chapel of the White Tower) the ſame king, is another monument repreſenting
were on the 7th of July 1674, by undoubted a child in the cradle. She died in three days after her
proofs diſcovered, being buried deep in that birth, which was at Greenwich in the year 1606.
« place. Charles II. pitying their unhappy fate, There is a table monument in the ſouth-iſle of
« ordered thoſe unfortunate princes to be laid of this chapel, on which is the effigy of Marga-
amongſt the reliques of their predeceſſors, in ret, counteſs of Richmond, mother to Henry
“ the year 1678, and the 20th of his reign.” | VII. She was a great encourager of the art of
What is very ſingular, Edward was born the 4th printing when firſt brought into England. The
of November 1470, in the ſanctuary belonging inſcription deſcribes her to be of a very charita-
to this church, whither his mother took refuge ble diſpoſition. She died during the reign of her
during the conteſt between the houſes of York | grandſon Henry VIII. in the month of July
and Lancaſter. His father dying, he was pro 1509.
claimed king when but eleven years of age, and Incloſed with iron rails at the weſt-end of this
was murdered, as has been related about two ifle is a handſome table monument on which lies
years after, on the 23d of June 1483. Richard finely robed, the effigy of Margaret Douglas,
his brother, was born May 28, 1474, and was daughter of Margaret queen of Scots. Agreeable
married in his infancy.
to the Engliſh inſcription this lady had to her great
There is a lofty and beautiful monument in grand-father king Henry VII, to her uncle king
this ifle, erected to the memory of queen Eliza Henry VIII. to her couſin-german king Edward
beth, by her ſucceſſor king James I. The in VI. to her brother king James V. of Scotland ;
fcription deſcribes her character thus: 66 That ſhe to her ſon king Henry I of Scotland ; to her
" was the mother of her country, and the pa grand-fon king James VI. having to her great
“ troneſs of religion and learning: ſhe was ſkilled grand-mother and grand-mother two queens, both
“ in many languages, adorned with every excel named Elizabeth; to her mother Margaret queen
“ lence of mind and perſon, and endowed with of Scots; to her aunt, Mary the French queen ; to
princely virtues beyond her ſex; that in her her couſins-german, Mary and Elizabeth, queens
reign religion was refined to its primitive pu of England ; to her niece and daughter-in-law,
“ rity; peace was eſtabliſhed; money reſtored || Mary queen of Scots. She was privately married
to its juſt value ; domeſtic inſurrections quell to Thomas Howard, ſon of the duke of Norfolk,
" ed; France delivered from inteſtine troubles ; in the year 1537; on which account both of them
" the Netherlands ſupported; the Spaniſh arma were committed to the Tower by king Henry
“ da defeated , Ireland, almoſt loft by the ſecret VIII, her uncle. Her huſband died in priſon, but
" contrivance of Spain, recovered ; the revenues ſhe being releaſed, was ſoon after married to
of both univerſities improved by a law of pro Matthew earl of Lenox, by whom ſhe had the
« viſions; and, in ſhort, all England enriched ; handſome lord Darnly, father to king James I.
" that ſhe was a moſt-prudent governeſs, forty- || whoſe effigy is the foremoſt on the tomb in a kneel.
“ five years a virtuous and triumphant queen; ing poſture, with the crown over his head. There
Рp
are

150
HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
mets.
are feven children beſides round the tomb of Mar ducal cap for the acceptance of the obſerver's
garet. She died the ioth of March 1577. bounty.
There is a magnificent monument near this The inſtallation of the knights of the moſt
tomb, erected to the memory of the unhappy honourable order of the Bath is performed in this
Mary, queen of Scots, who was beheaded on the chapel. This order was revived in the reign of
8th of February 1587, at Fotheringhay-caſtle in king George I. in the year 1725. In their ſtalls
Northamptonſhire, on a ſcaffold erected in the are placed braſs plates of their arms, &c. and
hall of that caſtle. She was afterwards pom over them hang their banners, ſwords, and hel-
poudy interred by order of queen Elizabeth in the
cathedral church of Peterborough, but on the
acceſſion of her ſon to the throne of England, Deſcription of the MONUMENTS, &c. in St.
her remains were removed from thence, and placed
Paul's CHAPEL.
near this monument amongſt her anceſtors.
S
enter ,
a
end of this ifle, in which are depoſited the cof John Puckering, knight, remarkable for his know-
fins of king Charles II. king William III. and ledge in the laws, as well as piety, wiſdom, and
queen Mary his confort; queen Anne and prince many other virtues. He was lord keeper of the
George's. In a wainſcot preſs over them is the great feal of England four years in the reign of
effigy of king Charles II. in wax-work, reſem queen Elizabeth, in which office he died the 20th
bling life, and dreſſed in the robes he wore at the of April 1596.
inſtallation of the knights of the garter at Windſor. There is a monument very much decayed ad-
There is likewiſe à monument erected to the joining to this, on which are the effigies of Sir
memory of George, and Chriſtopher Monk his James Fullerton, and his lady. On a table of
fon, both dukes of Albemarle; alſo Elizabeth, black marble there is an epitaph, which has a
dutcheſs dowager of Albemarle and Montague. certain quaintneſs in it peculiar to thoſe times,
Near this is a figure erected to the memory of
and runs thus :
Catharine lady Walpole, eldeſt daughter of John
Shorter, eſq; of Rybrook, in Kent, and firſt " Here lie the remains of Sir James Fullerton,
wife of Sir Robert Walpole, afterwards earl of “ knt, firſt gentleman of the bedchamber to
Orford. The figure was brought from Italy by so king Charles the firſt (prince and king) a gene-
her fon Horace. She died the zoth of Auguſt
rous rewarder of all virtue, a ſevere reprover
in the year 1737.
6 of all vice, a profeſſed renouncer of all vanity.
At the corner of the great eaft window is ano “ He was a firm pillar to the commonwealth, a
ther wainſcot preſs, in which is placed the effigy « faithful patron to the catholic church, a fair
of lady Mary, dutcheſs of Richmond, relict of pattern to the Britiſh court. He lived to the
Charles Stuart, duke of Richmond, who died in " welfare of his country, to the honour of his
1672. The figure is dreſſed in the very robes her prince, to the glory of his God. He died
grace wore at the coronation of queen Anne. " fuller of faith than of fear, fuller of reſolu-
She was daughter of Walter Stuart, who died " tion than of pains, fuller of honour than of
October the 15th, 1702, and is interred in the days.”
Richmond vault. She left her fortune to Walter
Stuart, lord Blantyre in Scotland, who died June There is a table monument in the middle of
the 23d. 1713.
this chapel, which is railed in. On it lie the effi-
In a handſome wainſcot preſs near this monu gies of Sir Giles Daubeny, and dame Elizabeth
ment is the effigy of Catharine, relict of John his wife. In the reign of Henry VII, he was
duke of Buckingham and Normanby, and natural lord lieutenant of Calais in France, lord cham-
daughter of king James II. by Catharine coun berlain to his majeſty, knight of the moſt noble
tefs of Dorcheſter. She is dreſſed in the robes order of the garter, and father to Henry lord
ſhe wore at his late majeſty's coronation. Likewiſe Daubeny, the firſt and laſt earl of Bridgewater.
by her ſtands the effigy of her fon, the marquis His lady died in the year 1500, and he the
of Normanby, who died the firſt of February, 22d of May, 1507.
1714, in the fourth year of his age.
On the table of a moſt beautiful monument of
As you paſs out of the left ifle, in another alabaſter, with pillars of lydian marble gilt, lies
wainſcot preſs, is the effigy of general Monk, the effigy of an old man in a chancellor's habit,
who had ſo great a ſhare in the reſtoration of king with four fons and four daughters kneeling on the
Charles II. to the throne of his anceſtors. This baſe. It appears by the inſcription that this mo-
great man was ſon to Sir Thomas Monk of Po nument was erected to the memory of Sir Thomas
theridge, deſcended by the mother's ſide from the Bromley, knight, privy-counſellor to queen Eli-
royal line of the Plantagenets. As a reward for zabeth, and eight years chancellor, in which of-
his eminent ſervices in the reſtoration, he was cre fice he died the 12th of April, 1587.
ated duke of Albemarle, earl of Farringdon, The next is a lofty but plain monument, on
Baron Monk, of Potheridge, Beauchamp, and which is placed, in a half raiſed poſture, the ef-
Teys, captain general of all his majeſty's forces, figy of Sir Dudley Carleton, afterwards made
knight of the moſt noble order of the garter, viſcount Dorcheſter, for his great ſervices to king
maſter of the horſe, and privy counſellor. He Charles I. and his father, both at home and a-
died January the 4th, 1669, and was buried in a broad. The infcription informs us he was well
vault in this ifle, which is ſtill called Albemarle acquainted with the language and cuſtoms of moſt
vault. He is repreſented in armour, and the of the European nations, and was, both by king
perſon who deſcribes him generally preſents his James I. and his ſucceſſor, entruſted with the
moſt
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ist
A
66
moſt important foreign negotiations. He was nation, and ſuch was his conduct, that he ac-
twice married ; firſt to Ann Gerrard, who died quitted himſelf of that popular odium which fell
the 18th of April 1627, with whom he lived on many much inferior to himſelf.
twenty years, and afterwards to Ann, viſcounteſs Here is alſo a very gothic monument erected
Bayning, who died the 15th of February 1631, to the memory of Lewis Robert, or Robfert, a
by both of whom he had iſſue.
foreigner, but ſtandard-bearer to Henry V. firſt,
There is another beautiful monument of ala knight of the bath, and then of the garter, and
bafter to the eaſt of this, erected to the memory
afterwards created lord Bouchier.
of Frances counteſs of Suſſex, whoſe effigy lies
in a cumbent pofture with a coronet on her head, Deſcription of the Tombs, &c. in St. ERASMUS'S
reſting on an embroidered cuſhion, and her body
CHAPEL.
beautifully robed. Her ladyſhip was the wife of
Thomas Ratcliffe, earl of Suſſex, lord-deputy S you enter this chapel, on the right hand,
of Ireland, and knight of the garter; and daugh is an elegant monument erected to the me-
ter to Sir William Sidney of Penſehurſt, knight. mory of Mrs. Mary Kendall, daughter of Tho-
Having ouclived her huſband, at her deceaſe the mas Kendall, eſq; who died at Epſom the 4th of
inſtituted a divinity lecture in this abbey, gave March, 1700, in the 33d year of her age.
The
five thouſand pounds towards the building of a epitaph deſcribes her character thus: “ Her great
new college in Cambridge, now called Sidney 55 virtues rendered her every way worthy of thaç
Suffex college, and left a ſufficient yearly reve 56 cloſe union and friendſhip in which the lived
nue for the maintenance of one matter, ten fel " with lady Catharine Jones; and in teſtimony
lows, and twenty ſcholars, either in the ſaid new " of which, ſhe deſired that even their aſhes,
college, or in Clare-hall. She died the 15th of 5 after death, might not be divided ; and there-
April, 1589, in the 58th year of her age. The 5 fore ordered herſelf here to be interred, where
inſcription tells us, that to her relations ſhe was Ti6 ſhe knew that excellent lady deſigned one day
moſt kind, to the poor and priſoners moſt liberal, to reſt, near the grave of her beloved and re-
and to the miniſters of the word of God moſt ligious mother, Elizabeth, counteſs of Rane-
charitable.
lagh.”
Next to this is a monument erected to the Near this is a monument erected to the memory
memory of Sir Henry Belafyſe, knt. lieutenant of colonel Edward Popham, and his lady, the
general, ſome time governor of Galway in Ire ftatues of whom are in white marble, as big as
land, and afterwards of Berwick upon Tweed,
the life, and ſtand under a lofty canopy, reſting
in the reign of king William III. He died the their arms in a thoughtful poſition on a marble
16th of December 1717, in the 69th year of his altar, on which lie the gloves of an armed knight.
age.
He was an active officer in Cromwell's army, and
In this chapel is a monument of black touch his archievements were inſcribed on his comb.
ftone, which differs, in a very peculiar manner, At the time of the reſtoration this incription was
from any other in the abbey. There is, on the ordered to be defaced, and the whole monu-
top of it, a circular frame of gilt braſs, encloſing ment deſtroyed, but at the interceſſion of ſome
the buſt of Ann, lady Cottington, wife to Fran of the relations of his lady, who had been of
cis lord Cottington. She died the 22d of Febru particular ſervice to his majeſty, the ſtone, on
ary 1633, in the 33d year of her age. Her iſſue which the inſcription was engraved, was only
were four daughters and a ſon, all of whom died turned inwards, and the monument received no
before their father, who, on a table monument other injury. The time of this gentleman's death
beneath, lies in effigy, reſting on his left arm, is entirely uncertain, as the inſcription is irreco-
and over the head of a fatyr is the following in verable.
ſcription : “ Here lies Francis lord Cottington, In this chapel is a monument erected to the
“ of Hanworth, who, in the reign of king Charles memory of Thomas Carey, ſecond fon to the
« I. was chancellor of his majeſty's exchequer, earl of Monmouth, who died in the year 1648.
66 maſter of the court of wards, conſtable of the It is ſaid he died of grief at the age of 33, on
“ Tower, lord high-treaſurer of England, and account of the unhappy fate of his royal maſter
one of the privy-council. He was twice am king Charles the firſt, to whom he was of the
« baſſador in Spain, once for the ſaid king, and bedchamber. He was fon to Robert lord Carey,
fecond time for king Charles II. now reign of Leppington, who was created earl of Mon-
« ing, to both which he moſt ſignally thewed his mouth in 1625, and died the 5th of February
allegiance and fidelity, during the unhappy 1639. His eldeſt ſon Henry ſucceeded him in
66 civil broils of thoſe times; and for his faithful his titles, but died without iſſue in the year 166i,
" adherence to the crown (the uſurper prevailing) in conſequence of which the title became extinct.
was forced to fly his country, and, during his There is an ancient monument in this chapel,
« exile, died at Valadolid in Spain, June 19th erected to the memory of Sir Thomas Vaughan,
.“ 1652, in the 74th year of his age, whence his knt. chamberlain to Edward, prince of Wales,
6 body was brought and here interred by Charles and treaſurer to king Edward the fourth.
“ Cortington, efq; his nephew and heir, in 1679.” In the middle of this chapel is a large table
This great man was ſecretary to Charles, prince monument, erected to the memory of Thomas
of Wales, whom he attended on his journey to Cecil, earl of Exeter, baron Burleigh, knight of
viſit the Infanta when on the point of marriage the garter, and privy-counſellor to king James ;
with that princeſs. - After the death of the duke on which is his effigy in his robes with a lady on
of Buckingham, he roſe to ſuch honour as even his right ſide, and a vacant ſpace for another on
to be conſulted in all the principal affairs of the his left: Dorothy Nevil, his firſt wife, who was
daughter
a

152
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
T
daughter and coheir to the noble lord Latimer, ſtone coffin of Thomas Mything, biſhop of He-
lays on his right ſide; and the place that is va reford, ſtands on this monument: he was ſome
cant was left for his ſecond wife Frances Bridges, time abbot of Weſtminſter, and privy-counſellor
who was of the noble family of Chandois. This to king Edward IV.
Jady gave expreſs orders in her will, that as the
right ſide was taken up, her effigy ſhould not be Account of the Tombs in the Chapel of Islip, other-
placed on the left; notwithſtanding which, agree-
wiſe called St. John BAPTIST.
able to the infcription, they are all buried toge-
ther in one vaalt.
*HERE are but two monuments in this
Affixed to the eaſt wall is the moſt ſuperb chapel that admit of any particular notice ;
monument in this chapel. It is in the very place the one is that of John Iſlip, abbot of Weſtmin-
where ſtood the altar of St. John Baptiſt, and ſter, the founder. It is a plain marble table, ſtand-
was erected to the memory of Henry Carey, firſt ing in the center, ſupported with four ſmall pillars
couſin to queen Elizabeth, created baron of of braſs; over which on the roof was anciently a
Hunſdon, in Hertfordſhire, in the year 1558, fine painting of our Saviour on the croſs, deſtroy-
ſome time governor of Berwick, lord chamber ed no doubt by the puritans in the time of Crom-
lain to queen Elizabeth, privy-counſellor, and well, who were enemies to every thing that tend-
knight of the garter, who died the 23d of July ed to popiſh idolatry. This man was employed
1596, in the ſeventy-ſecond year of his age. It by Henry VII. in decorating his new chapel, and
is ſaid, that not meeting with preferinent agree in repairing and beautifying the whole abbey; to
able to his expectations, he laid the diſappoint which he added ſeveral embelliſhments, eſpecially
ment ſo much to heart, that he languiſhed for a the ſtatues of our kings along the buttreſſes, which
long time on a fick bed, at which the queen be-
fince that are almoſt all demoliſhed. He likewiſe
ing moved too late, created him an earl, and or projected a moſt ſuperb dome or lanthorn to be
dered the patent and robes to be laid before him, erected in the center of the croſs, but the pillars
but without effect.
were found too weak to ſupport it. His own cha-
There is a ſtone monument, very antique, | pel he dedicated to St. John, and died the ſecond
againſt the ſouth wall, where, under a gothic ca-
of January 1510.
nopy, lies the figure of a biſhop properly habited, The other monument is that of Sir Chriſtopher
and is ſuppoſed to be Thomas Ruthal, made Hatton, knight of the bath, ſon and heir of John
biſhop of Durham by king Henry VIII. He had Hatton, and the neareſt kinſman of the male line
been ſecretary of ſtate to Henry VII. and was to Chriſtopher Hatton, chancellor of England in
made a privy-counſellor, and ſent abroad on va the reign of queen Elizabeth. He died, according
rious embaſſies by Henry VIII. He died in the to the inſcription, the roth of September 1619.
year 1524. Biſhop Goodwin relates the follow The principle figures on this tomb are a knight
ing circumſtance relative to the diſcovery of his in armour, and a lady in deep mourning, both
poffeffions : That being commanded to write reſting on the aſcending ſides of a triangular pe-
down a true ſtate of the kingdom in general for diment, ſeparated in the middle by a trunkleſs
his majeſty's private information, he took great helmet. There is a neat piece of architecture
pains in the performance, and having fairly tran over their heads, in the center whereof is a ſcroll
fcribed it, cauſed the book to be bound in vel with their arms, held up by naked boys, one
lum, gilt, and variouſly ornamented; and at the whereof, over the knight, holds a torch put out
ſame time having taken an account of his own and reverſed, to ſhew that Sir Chriſtopher died
private eſtate, with an inventory of his jewels, firſt ; the other over the lady holds his torch
plate and money, he cauſed that likewiſe to be erect, and burning, to ſignify that ſhe ſurvived
bound and ornamented exactly like the other, him. After the death of Eflex, in the reign of
and laid them both carefully together in his clo queen Elizabeth, Sir Chriſtopher, the chancellor,
ſet. However, it fo fell out, that the king, became the chief favourite. He was preferred
upon ſome occaſion, fent cardinal Wolſey in haſte to the chancellorſhip for the reputation he had
for the national tract, which he had ſo long ex of clear judgment and ſtrict integrity. Though
pected from Ruthal, but by miſtake Wolſey re. he was rooted in the queen's favour, yet: 'tis faid
ceived the book which contained the ſchedule of he died through her unkindneſs; for having run
the biſhop's own wealth. The cardinal ſoon dif into her debt, ſhe demanded her money with ſome
covered the miſtake, but being willing to do ſeverity ; which, preſuming on her favour, he
Ruthal, to whom he had no liking, a ſhrewd turn, hoped would have been remitted; but finding his
he delivered the book to the king, juſt as he re miſtake, he ſickened, and during his illneſs Eli-
ceived it, telling his majeſty that now if he want zabeth, by viſits and other expreſſions of friend-
ed money, that book would inform him where ſhip, ſtrove to heal the ſpirit ſhe had broken, but
he might command a million ; for ſo much did in vain; for he died the 23d of July 1596, in
the biſhop's inventory amount to. When the the ſeventy-ſecond year of his age.
biſhop diſcovered his error, it touched him ſo There is a chauntry over this chapel, in which
near, that he died ſoon after.
are two large wainſcoc preſſes, containing the ef-
An ancient ſtone monument is erected in this figies of royal perſonages, and others of the high-
chapel, to the memory of William of Colcheſter, eſt diſtinction. Theſe effigies reſembled the de-
on which lies his effigy properly habited, the feet ceaſed as near as poſſible, and were uſually ex-
ſupported by a tomb, and the head by an angel. poſed at the funerals of our princes, in open
Another antique monument is that of George chariots, with their proper enſigns appended of
Flaccet, abbot of Weſtminſter, in the reign of royalty and honours. What are here laid up, are
Henry VII. who died about the year 1414. The in a ſad mangled condition ; ſome ſtripped, others
in

HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON.
153
nour.
T
in tattered robes, and all of them maimed or bro Francis Vere, and major-general under him, that
ken. Thoſe that are the moſt ancient are leaſt this piece of ſculpture is intended to perpetuate
damaged, by which it appears that the richneſs the ſtory of that memorable battle in which Sir
of their cloaths had been the occaſion of this ra Francis was wounded, and acquired ſo much ho-
vage; for the robes of Edward VI. which were The cannon, which is very viſible, ſeems
of crimfon velvet, but now appears like leather, to point that out as the inſtrument by which his
are left entire; but thoſe of queen Elizabeth and horſe was killed, and the blemiſh in the generals
king James I. are entirely ſtripped.
eye, the hurt he might have received on falling.
The eye is particularly ſtruck at the effigies of There is a Pallas fitting on one ſide of the pedeſ-
king William and queen Mary, and queen Anne, tal, and on the other Bellona, lamenting the
which are in good condition placed in two hand the death of the great warrior repreſented above
ſome wainſcot preſſes, in this chapel. Here is in a Roman habit, ſtanding erect upon a lofty altar
likewiſe a new figure of queen Elizabeth. with a cherub ſupporting the plinth on which he
ſtands, Sir George died in the fiftieth year of his
Deſcription of the Tombs of St. John the EVAN age, the ſixteenth of May, in the year 1626.
GELIST'S CHAPEL.
Not far from the tomb of Sir Francis lies
Aubrey de Vere, the laſt earl of Oxford of that
Here is an elegant monument in the center name, which title had continued in a direct line
of this chapel, erected to the memory of to his noble family ever ſince the year 1155. He
Sir Francis Vere, a gentleman well ſkilled both was the twentieth and laſt earl, and enjoyed the
in learning and arms; but being brought up from title ſeventy years. He died without iſſue male
his youth in the camp, he dedicated his ſtudy to the i2th of March, 1702.
the art of war, in which he was equalled by few, There were formerly many ancient monuments
not excelled by any. He commanded in front in this chapel; only one of which is now remain-
under prince Maurice, at the battle of Newport, || ing. It has the image of an abbot, in his maſs
againſt the Spaniſh army, who came to the relief habit, curiouſly engraved on braſs, repreſenting
of that town, under the command of the arch John de Eaſtny, who died the 4th of March 1498.
duke Albert, then governor of the low countries. He appears, by the records of the church, to
Vere, in poſting the Engliſh ſoldiers advantage have been a great benefactor to it. He adorned
ouſly had occaſion to paſs a ford, in order to the weſt window with many grand paintings in
which the ſoldiers were preparing to ſtrip; but glaſs, a ſmall quantity of which ſtill remains: he
he prevented that delay, by telling them that built the ſcreen to this chapel, and preſented two
what they were going to do was entirely uſeleſs, images gilt for the altars of St. Peter and St.
for in a few hours they might either have dry Paul ; and one for the Chapter-houſe. 'Tis very
cloaths, or need of none. By this ſeaſonable en ſingular that in breaking up a grave, the body of
couragement the enemy's horſe that had left their this abbot was diſcovered in a coffin quilted with
foot behind, were beat back, and the Engliſh, || yellow fattin, having on a gown of crimſon filk
who were not above 1500 in number, gained the | girded round him
with a black girdle; on his legs
eminence of the downs, ſupported by a body of were white ſilk ſtockings, and over his face a
Frieſland foot, ready to ſuſtain the firſt ſhock of clean napkin doubled up and laid corner-wiſe.
the enemy's fire. Though this was a deſperate en The face was in ſome degree diſcoloured, but
terprize, in which Vere himſelf was wounded, the legs were firm. This diſcovery was made the
his horſe ſhot under him, and half the Engliſh 17th of Auguſt 1706.
Nain, yet it proved the cauſe of victory on Before the door of this chapel there is a grey
the part of the Dutch; for prince Maurice ad marble which bears the figure of an armed knight,
vancing ſuddenly with his freſh troops, while the and is ſaid, by the regiſter, to repreſent Sir John
Spaniards were yet greatly exhauſted by their full Harpedon, knt. who died in the year 1457. He
diſcharge upon this ſmall body, found it eaſy to is reſting his head on a greyhound, and his feet on
put them to the rout, and thereby obtained a
compleat victory. The monument is a table On the north ſide of this chapel, within the
ſupported by four knights kneeling, on which lie door, is another ancient tomb of free-ſtone, un-
the ſeveral parts of a compleat fuit of armour, der which lies the body of Sir Thomas Parry,
and undernearth the effigy of Sir Francis, laying, knt. who died the 15th of December, 1560. He
as if undreſſed, in a looſe gown, on a quilt of was treaſurer of the houfhold, and maſter of the
alabaſter. There is a ſhort deſcription on the court of wards and liveries to queen Elizabeth.
baſe of the monument in latin, fignifying that he
was nephew to the earl of Oxford, and that this
Deſcription of the Tombs, &c. in St. MICHAEL'S
was conſecrated to his memory by his diſconfolate
CHAPEL.
widow. He died in the fifty-fourth year of his
age, the 28th of Auguſt, 1608.
Here is a moſt fuperb monument lately erect-
Adjoining to the wall, eaſtward of this, is a ed in this chapel, and executed by that
monument, on the pedeſtal whereof is repreſented great maſter of ſculpture Mr. Rubiliac. Above
in relief the fiege of a town ; alluding, in all pro is repreſented a lady expiring in the arms of her
bability, to the fiege of Newport. The principal huſband; and beneath, flily creeping from a
figure is a general on horſeback holding a batron, tomb, the king of terrors preſents his grim vi-
and having a blemiſh in one eye. It is reaſonable || fage, pointing his unerring dart to the dying fi.
to ſuppoſe, that as the monument was crected to gure, at which fight the huſband, ſuddenly ſtruck
the memory of Sir George Hollis, nephew to Sir with aſtoniſlıment, horror and deſpair, would
13
Qq
willingly
a lion.
TH

154
HISTORY and SURVEY OF LONDON.
con
O
willingly ward off the fatal ſtroke from the dif once in the Netherlands by the earl of Leiceſter,
treffed object of his care. This monument was captain-general of her majeſty's forces, and af-
erected to the memory of Joſeph Gaſcoigne | terwards by Harry IV. of France, at the victory
Nightingale and his lady, and has on it the fol of St. Adrian. He died the roth of March,
lowing inſcription : “ Here reſt the aſhes of Jo 1594. The inſcription informs us, that endea-
ſeph Gaſcoigne Nightingale, of Mamhead, in vouring to take and bring into England a large
" the county of Devon, eſq; who died July the Spaniſh ſhip laden with jewels, gold, ſilver, In-
66 20th, 1752, aged 56; and of lady Elizabeth dian ſpices, &c. a prize of infinite value, by an
“ his wife, daughter and coheireſs of Waſhing- | unhappy ſecurity of mind, deſpiſing the enemy,
earl Ferrers, who died Auguft the 17th, I though far ſuperior in force, he met with an un-
1734, aged 27. Their only ſon Waſhington timely death at the age of 32, to the irreparable
" Galcoigne Nightingale, eſq; deceaſed, in me.
loſs of his country.
mory of their virtues, did, by his laſt will, A monument is ſtill remaining erected to the
“ order this monument to be erected.
memory of Ann, daughter of Henry Bodenham,
Inclining to the north, there is a monument and of Catharine his wife, wife of James Kirton,
erected to the menory of Sarah, dutcheſs of So of Caftel-Cary, in the county of Somerſet, who
merſet, relict of John Seymour, duke of Somer died the 7th of September 1603.
ſet, who died the 5th of October 1692. On the There is in one corner of this chapel the an-
baſe of this monument fit two charity boys, one cient monument of abbot Kirton, who died the
on each ſide, bewailing the death of their great third of October, 1466. It is worthy of obſer-
benefactreſs, who is repreſented in a modern drefs, || vation, having ſeveral labels of black letter all
reſting upon her arm, under a canopy of ſtate, round the portrait, which ſtands upon eagles
and looking earneſtly up at a group of cherubs, crowned, alluding, perhaps to his high deſcent,
iſſuing from the clouds above her. Underneath from the ancient and illuſtrious family of Codil-
is a latin inſcription to this purpoſe: “ Here lies bic. He was an excellent orator, and appears
" the late illuſtrious dutcheſs of Somerſet, cele to have been a man of great reputation.
“ brated for charity and benevolence, who erect-
" ed a grammar-ſchool for boys at Tottenham, Deſcription of the Tombs in the AREA.
“ in Middleſex, enlarged the income of the green-
coat hoſpital at Weſtminſter, largely endowed N the north ſide, as you paſs round the
“ Brazen-Noſe college in Oxford, and St. John's area, were formerly three ancient monu-
“ in Cambridge, for the education and inſtruc ments, all of which are now almoſt obliterated.
“ tion of youth in piety and good literature, The firſt of free-ſtone, made like a cloſe bed,
" She was likewiſe an encourager of trades and was walled up, and the tomb of biſhop Duppa,
“ handycrafts, and had a tender regard to old tutor to king Charles I. placed againſt it. This
age, by erecting an alms-houſe in Froxfield in tomb was covered with an ancient gothic arch,
“ Wiltſhire, for thirty widows: ſhe was very the ſides whereof were adorned with vine branches
" charitable to the poor of St. Margaret's, in relief, the roof within, ſpringing into many an-
os Weſtminſter, where ſhe inſtituted a lecture, gels, under which lies the image of a lady in a
" and gave many ſtately ornaments to the church.” very antique dreſs, her feet reſting upon lions,
There was formerly a monument in this chapel | and her head on pillows ſupported by angels, fit-
erected to the memory of Catharine, lady St. ting on each ſide the effigy, gilt and painted. On
John. It was broken in pieces at the time of the ſide of the tomb are ſix niches, on which ſeem
repairing the church, but the effigy may be fill to have been painted monks, and on the pedeſtal
ſeen in the chapel of St. Andrew. This lady are ſtill to be ſeen fome remains of paintings.
was relict of John lord St. John, of Bletſoe in This monument covered the remains of Aveline,
Bedfordſhire, and daughter of Sir William Dor counteſs of Lancaſter, who died the 4th of No-
mer, of Eyethorpe in Bucks.
vember 1293, the very year of her marriage.
She was daughter to William de Fortibus, earl
Account of the Tombs in St. Andrew's CHAPEL. of Albemarle, and Holderneſſe, and married Ed-
mund earl of Lancaſter, ſon to king Henry the
Moſt beautiful monument is erected in the third.
center of this chapel, to the memory of Adjoining to this is another ancient monument
Sir Henry Norris, his lady, and fix ſons. It has of grey marble, to the memory of Aymer de
a fine repreſentation of an encampment in relief, || Valence, ſecond and laſt earl of Pembroke of
and is otherwiſe elegantly ornamented; but as this family, who was poiſoned in France, by the
there is no inſcription, the date is left uncertain. ſecret contrivance of the earl of Arundel, the
This great inan was anceſtor to the preſent earl 23d of June 1324. He had been three times
of Abington, who is barón Norris of Rycot, and married, but had no iſſue by either of his wives.
for his valour in the low countries in the reign of He was a tall, pale man, on which account Ga-
queen Elizabeth, was created lord Norris of veſton uſed to call him Joſeph the Jew. In the
Rycot. He was the firſt who diſcovered the pro time of Edward I. he was a great general, and
ject of the Spaniſh invaſion, which he did by not only attended that prince in his expedition to
means of the provoft-marſhal of Paris, whom he Flanders, but likewiſe accompanied him to Scot-
entertained as a ſpy.
land, where that king died. He is ſaid to have
There was formerly againſt the eaſt wall, a ta been one of the judges who gave ſentence againſt
ble monument erected to the memory of Sir John the great earl of Lancaſter.
Burgh, who was twice honoured with knighthood; Another ancient monument in this area is that
of
A

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
155
of Edmund Crouchback, fourth ſon to Henry Near this, on the fame fide, is a monument
III. ſo called, as is ſuppoſed by many, from the erected to the memory of admiral Holmes. He
deformity of his perſon; others imagine it aroſe is repreſented in a Roman warlike habit, with his
from his attending his brother in the holy wars, right-hand reſting on a cannon mounted on a
where they wore a crouch or croſs on their ſhoul carriage. Behind is an anchor, a flag-ſtaff, and
ders, as a badge of chriſtianity. On the baſe of this other naval decorations. Under which is an in-
tomb, towards the area, is the remains of a cu ſcription running thus : “ To the memory of
rious, and perhaps the moſt antique painting ex " Charles Holmes, eſq; rear-admiral of the white.
tant, but much defaced, being ten knights arm 66 He died the 21ſt of November 1761, com-
ed with banners, ſurcoats of armour, and croſs “ mander in chief of his majeſty's fleet ſtationed
belted, repreſenting, undoubtedly, his expedi at Jamaica, aged fifty. Erected by his grate-
tion to the holy land, the number exactly agree “ ful nieces Mary Stanwix, and Lucretia Sowle."
ing with what Prior ſays, namely, Edward and Another monument in the area is well worth
his brother, four earls, and four knights, of whom obfervation. It is that of Eſther de la Four, the
ſome are ſtill to be diſcovered. It has been a very || lord Eland's lady, who died in the 28th year
of
lofty monument, painted, gilt, and inlaid with her age, in the year 1694. It is of curious white
ſtained glaſs. The inſide of the canopy has been a marble, repreſenting a lady on her death-bed,
ſky with ſtars, but by age changed into a dull red. with two mourners weeping over her, done beau-
From this prince the houſe of Lancaſter claimed tifully in relief. There is an inſcription in Latin
their right to the crown. He was made earl of and Englith, which contains an encomium on her
Leiceſter and ſteward of England at the age of
many excellent virtues.
nineteen, and at twenty-one he took the title of In the area there is a monument erected (be:
the earl of Lancaſter, and marrying Aveline tween thoſe of Henry III. and queen Eleanor)
already mentioned, became pofſeffed of the eſtates to the memory of Mrs. Chriſtian Kerr, who died
of Albemarle, Devon, and the Ine of Wight, the 16th of May, 1694, aged 40. She was wife
together with that of Derby and Campaign. His to William Kerr, eſq; and daughter to Sir Wil-
ſecond wife was Blanch, queen of Navarre, widow liam Scott, bart. both of the kingdom of Scot-
of Henry, by whom he had three fons, Thomas land.
earl of Lancaſter, who was executed, John of In the corner of Henry the fifth's chapel, there
Monmouth; and another John, who lived in is a neat monument erected to the memory of Sir
France. In the reign of his brother Edward I. Robert Aiton, knt. who, in the reign of king
he commanded an army in France with great ſuc James 1. was highly eſteemed for his writings,
ceſs at firſt; but being ill ſupported, and his fol particularly as a poet. He died in the year 1638.
diers ill paid, they deſerted him, which he laid The monument is of black marble, with a buſt
ſo much to heart, that he died of grief at Bay of braſs, having the figures of Apollo and Mia
nerva holding a laurel wreath over it, very beau-
In the chapel of St. Eraſmus, on the weſt ſide tifully deſigned.
of the door, is a monument erected to the me-
Not far from this, in the pavement, is an an-
mory of Juliana, only daughter of Sir Randolph cient flat ſtone; formerly inſcribed to the menio-
Crew, knt. lord chief juſtice of England, who ry of Sir John Galofre, called lord of Langley,
died unmarried the 22d of April 1621.
natural ſon of Sir John Galofre, by Johannet
There is a monument in this area erected to the Pulham. He was famous in the reign of Rich-
memory of biſhop Duppa, tutor to king Charles ard II. for his wiſdom and valour, and was pro-
II, He was born at Greenwich, and educated ſecuted by the diſcontented lords ; but being then
firſt at Weſtminſter ſchool, and then at Chriſt ambaſſador in France, he thought it moſt pru-
Church college, Oxford, of which he was after dent to remain there till the ſtorm, in which
wards dean, and being appointed preceptor to the
Burley and others ſuffered ſhipwreck, was ap-
then prince of Wales, was firſt made biſhop of || peaſed.
peaſed. After which he returned home, and died
Chicheſter, from thence tranſlated to Saliſbury, in the year 1336, at Wallingford, in Berkſhire.
and, after the reſtoration, to the ſee of Wincheſ There is a large monument becween the chapel
He died in the 74th year of his age, the of St. Nicholas and the ſteps going to Henry
26th of March 1662. This great man was of VIIch's chapel, erected to the memory of Sir
ſuch exemplary piety and lively converſation, that Thomas Ingram, knt. chancellor of the dutchy
when king Charles I. was a priſoner in Cariſbrook of Lancaſter, and privy-counſellor to king Charles
caſtle, his afflictions were alleviated by the con the fecond. It was erected by Frances his widow,
verſation of the biſhop. Such an aſcendancy had daughter of Thomas viſcount Falconberg. He
he over the prince his pupil, that when he came died the 13th of February, in the year 1671.
to be king, he retained ſuch a reverence for his In this place is an old grave-ſtone plated with
piety, that hearing he was dangerouſly ill at braſs, repreſenting John of Windfor, nephew to
Richmond, he went thither to pay his devotions Sir William of Windſor, lord-lieutenant of Ire-
to him, and received his laſt benediction from land in the reign of Edward the third, who died
him on his bended knees.
the 4th of April, 1414. He had been a great
At St. Eraſmus's chapel, on the eaſt ſide of ſoldier in his youth, and in many battles had
the door, is a monument erected to the memory been victorious ; particularly at that of Shrewſ-
of Jane, daughter and coheireſs of Sir John | bury under Henry IV. but being ſtung with re-
Poultney, and wife to Sir Cleppeſby Crew, knt. morſe for the innocent blood he had been the
who died the ſecond of December, 1639, in the means of ſhedding, he retired from the world,
29th year of her age.
and finished his life in penitence,
There
onne.
ter.

156
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
four years.
There is a monument between the chapels of wrought in ivory, preſented by Thomas Becker,
St. Nicholas and St. Edmund, erected to the me Archbiſhop of Canterbury. To this ſhrine Ed-
mory of Richard Tufton, third ſon of Sir John ward the firſt offered the Scorch regalia, and
Tufton, bart, who died the 4th of October, 1631. chair, which is ftill preſerved. Alphonio, about
It was erected to his memory by his brother Sir the year 1280, offered here the golden coronet of
Humphrey Tufron, knt.
Llewellyn prince of Wales, and other jewels. It
The remains of many other perſons lie in this is ſaid that Henry IV. being upon his knees be-
area, particularly Anne of Cleve, ſiſter to the fore it, was ſeized with an apoplexy, and for
duke of Cleve, who was contracted in marriage ſpeedy relief removed to the abbot's houſe, where
to king Henry VIII. and received with great coming to himſelf, he could not recollect where
pomp on Blackheath, the 3d of January 1539, he was; but upon enquiring was told the room
married to the king on the gth of the ſame month, bore the name of Jeruſalem. To which he
and in July following divorced, with liberty to replied, “the Lord have mercy upon me then,
marry again; but being ſenſibly touched with " for here I muſt die;" having been formerly
indignation at the affront put upon her, ſhe lived told by a magician that he ſhould die at Jeruſa-
retired in England, with the title of lady Anne,
lem. This thrine was originally compoſed of
of Cleve, and ſaw her rival that ſupplanted her
various coloured ſtones, beautifully enriched with
in the king's affection ſuffer a worfe fate. She
all the coſt and art that human imagination could
died in the year 1557. ſurviving the king only || project: ſome of the curious moſaic work that
adorned it is ſtill to be ſeen, but ſo ſtripped as to
Near the aſhes of Anne of Cleve lies a ſtill
afford little or no ſatisfaction to common be-
more unfortunate queen, viz. Anne, queen to
holders. The ſtonework is hollow within, and
Richard III. and daughter to Nevil the great
now encloſes a large cheſt, which Mr. Keep, foon
earl of Warwick. She was poiſoned by her huſ-
after the coronation of James II. found to con-
band, to make way for a marriage with Elizabeth,
tain the remains of St. Edward; for being bro-
daughter to his brother Edward IV. and ſiſter to
ken by accident, he diſcovered, upon turning up
the unhappy youths he had cauſed to be murdered the bones, a crucifix richly ornamented and
in the Tower. This marriage was never conſum-
enamelled, and a gold chain of twenty inches
mated, he being Nain at the battle of Boſworth || long, both which he preſented to his majeſty, who
field, where he was ſtripped naked, and expoſed
ordered the bones to be replaced in the old coffin,
to the multitude as a mark of that contempt his
and encloſed in a new one made very ítrong.
cruelty deſerved.
Edward the confeffor died in 1066, and was
In this place are the remains of an ancient canonized in 1269.
monument erected to the memory of Sebert,
The remains of Editha, daughter to Godwin,
king of the Eaſt-ſaxons, who firſt built this church, earl of Kent, and queen to St. Edward, lie in-
and died in July 616. Likewiſe Athelgoda,
terred on the ſouth ſide of this thrine. This lady
his queen, who died the 13th of September ſurvived her huſband eight years, and beheld all
615.
the miſeries conſequent upon his death. William
Many other people have been interred in this the conqueror, however, treated her with great
place, whoſe mementos are either obliterated reſpect, allowing her an apartment in the palace
by time, or they are too inſignificant to need at Wincheſter, where ſhe died, She was buried,
recital.
by expreſs orders, with all the pomp of royalty.
Not far from this lie the remains of queen
Deſcription of the Tombs in St. Edward's Maud, ſurnamed the Good, daughter of Mal-
CHAPEL.
colm Conmair, king of Scotland, and wife to
Henry I. of England, to whom ſhe was eſpouſed
N the centre of this chapel ſtands that ancient to unite the Saxon and Norman lines. She died
and venerable ſhrine dedicated to St. Edward. the firſt of May, 1118. The greateſt happineſs
It was once of moſt exquiſite beauty, but ſhe enjoyed was in relieving the diſtreffes of the
through time and neglect is now much defaced. poor. That ſhe was charitable, the hoſpitals of
It was erected by Henry III. on the canonizing St. Giles, and the Leper's hoſpital in London,
Edward king of England, by pope Alexander the are remaining monuments. There is part of a
third, who cauſed his name to be placed in the latin epitaph on this excellent princeſs, the tran-
catalogue of ſaints, and iſſued his bull to the ab flation of which runs thus:
bot Laurence and convent of Weſtminſter, en-
joining, “ that his body be honoured here on Succeſs ne'er fat exulting in her eye,
" earth, as his ſoul is glorified in heaven.” A Nor diſappointment heav'd the troubled figh;
cloiſtered life was his fole happineſs; and though Proſperity ne'er ſadden'd o'er her brow,
he was married eighteen years to one of the moſt While glad in trouble ſhe enjoy'd her woe:
accompliſhed women of her time, daughter to Beauty nor made her vain, nor ſcepters proud,
earl Godwin, yet ’tis faid ſhe confeſſed on her Nor titles taught to ſcorn the meaner croud.
death-bed he ſuffered her to live and die a virgin. Supreme humility was awful grace,
Before this ſhrine was a lamp kept continually And her chief charms a baſhfulneſs of face.
burning, on one ſide whereof ſtood an image of
the Bleſſed Virgin, wrought in ſilver, which, There is an ancient tomb of very curious
with two jewels of immenſe value, queen Elea workmanſhip on the north ſide of this chapel.
nor preſented here as an offering ; and on the The pannels are of poliſhed porphyry, and the
other ſide ſtood another image of the Virgin, moſaic work round them of gold and ſcarlet.
The
I

Engraved for Chamberlaino Abistory of London
Clerken
well
Charter
House
Square
ORODOS
0bobo CD 3 60
10.0-0000-000
0000000Sad
O:
Cripple Gate
O90090 000
&0899
L.Moore Gate
Smithfield
Bishon Gate
TRUTORA
Halton Street
Vil
Broad Street
22
Lowo
Pueborner
Aldersgate
GAR
.
VIITI.
Nergate
Aldgate
Piaz
Royal
Gold
Exchange
S.Pauls
Fleet Bridge
Ludgate
Piazza
Piazza, 20
Temple Barr
Piazza
Wood
London Wall
Piazza
Mark:
Tower
FER
Donoate
Piazza
WWE
Key
Bridewell
Dock
The Grand Terras with the Public Halls
Key
Queen
Hithe
Billings
gate
Custom House
Kanal
i London Bridge
A Scale of 880 Yards or
وا
a
Mile.
*
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
880
the part of the above Plan faintly
* shaded shewsthe extent of the Firé.
SuCristopher'Wrens Plan por hebuilding the City of London after thedrauiffill Conflagration
m 1666.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
157
The effigy of Henry III. upon it is of gilt braſs prince. She was youngeſt daughter to Charles
finely executed, and the corners of the table are VI. of France. After the death of her huſ-
twiſted pillars gilt and enamelled. After a trou band, ſhe entered into an illegal marriage with
bleſome reign of 56 years, he died in 1272, aged Owen ap Tudor, a welſhman, and underwent
65. He was interred by the knights remplars, a ſevere proſecution. In conſequence of which
of whoſe order his father was the founder, with ſhe retired to the monaſtry of Bermondſey, in
all the ſplendor becoming a royal character. Southwark, where ſhe died, as it is thought of
An ancient table monument of grey marble grief, the ſecond of January 1437, in the thirty-
is at the feet of Henry III. on which lies the ef. eighth year of her age. She left three ſons by this
figy of Eleanor, queen to Edward I. It is very marriage; Edmund, who was afterwards earl of
fingular that the body of this queen lies here in Richmond; Jaſper, who was created earl of Pema
terred, and her heart in the choir of the friars broke by Henry VI. and duke of Bedford by
predicants in London. On the ſides of this mo Henry VII. but died without iſſue; and Owen,
nument are engraven the arms of Caftile and who took upon him the religious habit, died a
Leon quarterly, and thoſe of Ponthieu hanging monk of, and was interred in, this abbey. Queen
on vines and oak-trees. Round the copper verge
Catharine received an honourable interment in
is emboſſed, in Saxon characters, the following the chapel of Henry III. but when her grandſon
inſcription : " Here lies Eleanor, formerly queen pulled down that to build his own, her body was
of England, wife to king Edward the firſt.” taken up, the bones whereof were firmly united,
In this chapel is a large plain coffin of grey and thinly covered with fleſh, but the coffin bes
marble, compoſed of ſeven ſtones, four make ing decayed was put into a wooden cheſt, and
the ſides, two the ends, and one the cover. IC removed to the place where it now is.
encloſes the body of the glorious king Edward There is an ancient tomb in this chapel erected
I, who was fon to Henry III. He was named to the memory of Philippa, third daughter to
Edward in honour of St. Edward his father's pa William, earl of Heinault, and queen to king
tron and predeceſſor, and afterwards Long Shanks, Edward III. It is of black marble, and round
from his tall and ſlender body. He reigned 34 it are placed as ornaments, the brazen ſtatues of
years, and died the 7th of July, 1307, aged 68. no leſs than thirty kings, princes, and noble per-
Not far from Henry III. is a ſmall monument ſonages, her relations. This queen was married
covered with a fab of lydian finely poliſhed, || forty-two years, in which time ſhe had fourteen
erected to the memory of Elizabeth Tudor, children, and died the 15th of Auguſt 1369.
ſecond daughter of king Henry VII. who died Near this is a very ancient tomb covered with
at Eltham in Kent, the 14th of September 1495, a gothic canopy, erected to the memory of Ed-
aged three years.
ward III. The effigy of this prince lies on a ta-
Another table monument is likewiſe here in ble of grey marble, though his corpſe was depo-
memory of Margaret, daughter to Edward IV. ſited in the fame grave with the queen’s. The
by Elizabeth Woodville, his queen, who died tomb was ſurrounded, like the former, with fta-
the 19th of April, 1472. There is part of an tues, particularly thoſe of his children, and at the
inſcription on it, ſetting forth her name, quality, head of it is placed the ſhield and ſword carried
and age, which was only nine months.
before him in France. After a reign of fifty
The chapel of Henry V. is parted from this years, he died the 2 ift of June, 1377, aged 64.
only by an iron ſcreen, on each ſide of which are In the latter part of his life he grew weary of go-
images as big as the life, and guarding, as it vernment, and devoted himſelf entirely to the
were, the ſtair-caſe aſcending to the chauntry pleaſure of a woman, who, after rendering him
over it. In this place is a magnificent tomb of ridiculous to all the world, ſhamefully deſerted
that glorious and warlike prince Henry of Mon him in his laſt moments, and left him to expire
mouth, ſo called from the place of his nativity.
without a friend to cloſe his eyes.
On the advancement of this prince to the crown, Adjoining to this is another tomb erected to
he made a moſt excellent king, and by the me-
the
memory of Richard II. over which is a ca-
morable battle of Agincourt, acquired to himſelf nopy of wood remarkable for a curious painting
and the Engliſh nation immortal glory. His am of the Virgin Mary and our Saviour. This
bition leading him on to the purſuit of farther prince was murdered in Pomfret-caſtle, in York-
conqueſts, he was taken off by the hand of pro ſhire, where he was a priſoner, at the inſtigation
vidence, and died in France in the tenth year of of Henry IV. by one Sir Pierce of Exon, on
his reign, and thirty-fourth of his age.
age. He was St. Valentine's day, in the year 1399. His body
laid at the feet of St. Edward, in a place ſet a was brought from thence to St. Paul's cathedral,
part for keeping reliques, where his queen where it was expoſed to public view, and after-
erected a monument over him of grey marble, wards removed to Langley. In which place it
whereon was placed his ftatue; the body whereof remained till Henry V. ordered it to be brought
was heart of oak, and the head beaten ſilver ; as in all the pomp of royalty, and depoſited near
were the ſcepter, and other ſigns of royalty that the remains of his great predeceſor and patron
adorned it. All which were deſtroyed at the time St. Edward. The robing of the effigy is curi-
of Oliver Cromwell. This tomb was encloſed ouſly wrought with peale-cod ſhells open, and
with grates and gates of iron by Henry VII. and the peaſe out, alluding, in all probability, to his
and over it in a chauntry chapel the weapons, ar being once in full poſſeſſion of ſovereignty, but
mour, and capariſons of Henry V. were carefully at laſt reduced to an empty title. In the ſame
laid up, where they remain to this day.
tomb with this prince lies his queen, Anne,
In an old wooden cheft, near this tomb, lie daughter to Charles IV, and fifter to Wenceſlaus,
the remains of Catharine, queen to the above emperor and king of Bohemia. This lady brought
14
Rr
him

158
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
hím neither dowry nor iſſue; and yet, ſo great ss all the aforementioned galeon's and men of
was his love for her, that he curſed the place of war were either caken or deſtroyed. After the
her death, and cauſed the buildings thereon to “ ſucceſs of that action, the admiral ſent him
be deſtroyed. After being married twelve years,
" with an account of it to the queen, who or-
ſhe died at Shene che 7th of June, 1394.
“6 dered him a conſiderable preſent, and knighted
Between the tomb of queen Philippa and the " him. Some years after he was made a rear-
ſhrine of St. Edward, under a large ſtone, once " admiral, and received ſeveral other marks of
beautifully plated with braſs, lies the great Tho as favour and eſteem from her majeſty, and from
mas of Woodſtock, duke of Gloucefter, uncle “ her royal confort prince George of Denmark,
to Richard II. by whom he was murdered the " lord high-admiral of England.” He died the
8th of September, 1397. He was brother to 16th of Auguſt, 1733, aged 66.
the black prince, and fixth and youngeſt ſon to From this monument we proceed regularly on
Edward III.
to the eaſt door, from thence round the choir to
In this chapel was interred the heart of Henry the north door, and return to the place where we
d'Almaine, ſon to the king of the Romans, and firſt began. To effect which the next is
brother to Henry III. who, in paſſing through
Viterbo, in an expedition to the holy land, was Capt. JAMES CORNWALL.
facrilegiouſly affaffinated in the church of St. Sil-
vefter, as he was performing his devotions before This is a moſt beautiful monument, the height
the high altar. The year after the murder, in of which is thirty-fix feet: it has a bold baſe and
1271, his body was brought to England, and pyramid of rich Sicilian marble. There is a
buried in the monaſtery of St. Helen's ; but his rock againſt the pyramid, embelliſhed with naval
heart was put in a cup, and placed near the ſhrine trophies, ſea-weeds, &c. in which are two cavi-
of St. Edward.
ties: in the one a latin epitaph ; in the other, a
In a handſome wainſcot preſs, in this chapel, view of the ſea-fight before Toulon, in baſſo re-
is the effigy of Edmund Sheffield, duke of Buck lievo ; on the fore-ground whereof, the Marlbo-
ingham, who was the fecond and laſt duke of rough of 90 guns, is ſeen fiercely engaged with
this family. He died at Rome in the twentieth admiral Navarro's ſhip the Real, of 114 guns,
year of his age, Oétober 30, 1735, and was bu and her two feconds, all raking the Marlborough
ried in Henry VIIch's chapel January 31, 1736.
fore and aft. On the rock ſtand two figures, the
In the north area is a monument erected to the one repreſents Britannia under the character of
memory of William Pulteney, earl of Bath, who Minerva, accompanied with a lion; the other
died the 7th of June, 1764, aged 81. It is of figure is expreflive of Fame, who having pre-
beautiful marble, repreſenting wiſdom and poetry,
ſented to Minerva a medallion of the hero, fup-
over which is a medallion.
ports it, whilft exhibited to public view. The me-
Having now defcribed the various monuments dallion is accompanied with a globe, and various
in the encloſed part of this building, we ſhall || honorary crowns, as due to valour. Behind the
proceed to the
figures is a lofty ſpreading palm-tree, whereon
is fixed the hero's ſhield or coat of arms, together
Tombs in the open parts of this ABBEY, beginning
with a laurel-tree; both which iſſue from the na-
at the weſt door.
turally-barren rock, as alluding to fome heroic
and uncommon event. The infcription is as
N the right hand as you enter is the monu-
follows:
ment of
Amongſt the monuments of ancient merit,
Sir THO. HARDY, Knt. Ha
In this facred cathedral, let the name of
Behind this monument is a lofty pyramid, of JAMES CORNWALL
a bluiſh coloured marble, at the bottom of which
is the effigy of the deceaſed reclining upon a tomb
Be preſerved, the third fon of Henry Cornwall,
Of Bradwardin Caſtle, in the county of Hereford, Eſq;
of elegant workmanſhip, with a naked boy on
Who from the very old and illuſtrious ſtock of
his left ſide weeping over an urn: the enrich-
the Plantagenets,
ments round the pedeſtal are juſt and proper, and
Defiring a truly ancient fpirit, became
the inſcription is to the following purport:
A naval commander of the firſt eminence,
« Sir Thomas Hardy, to whoſe memory this
Equally and deſervedly honoured by the tears and
Applauſe of Britons, as a man
4 monument is erected, was bred in the royal Who bravely defending the cauſe of his country
navy from his youth, and was made a captain
in that fea-fight off Toulon ;
cc in 1693. In the expedition to Cadiz, under
And being by a chain-fhot deprived
Of both his legs at a blow, fell unconquered
« Sir George Rooke, he commanded the Pem-
On the 27th of Feb. 1743, in the 45th year of his age,
66 broke ; and when the fleet left the coaſt of
Bequeathing his animated example to his fellow
« Spain, to return to England, he was ordered
failors,
" to Lagos bay, where he got intelligence of the
As a legacy of a dying Engliſhman,
Whoſe extraordinary valour could not be recommended
* Spaniſh galeons being arrived in the harbour
To the emulation of pofterity in a more ample eulogy
« of Vigo, under convoy of ſeventeen French
Than by fo fingular an inſtance of honour;
es' men of war. By his great diligence and judg Since the parliament of Great Britain, by an unanimous
« ment he joined the Engliſh fleet, and gave the
fuffrage,
Reſolv’d that a monument at the public expence
admiral that intelligence which engaged him
ſhould be conſecrated to the memory
¢ to make the beſt of his way to Vigo, where
of this mof heroic perſon.
The
0:
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
$59
The Right Hon. JAMES CRAGGS, Efq; the fee of Rocheſter, quarterly; between en-
richments of books, &c. It ſeems to have been
On this monument is finely repreſented the principally deſigned for the ſake of the inſcrip-
ftatue of this gentleman, large as the life, leaning | tions; the firſt of which informs us, that Dr.
on an urn, which has upon it in golden characters, | Spratt was the ſon of a clergyman in Dorſetſhire ;
an inſcription, implying, that he was a man uni that he was educated at Wadham college, Ox-
verſally beloved; which is there particularly ford ; that he firſt applied himſelf to poetry, but
marked, becauſe as he was of low extraction, be quitted that ſtudy to purſue the beauties of proſe,
ing only a ſhoe-maker's ſon, it is the more ſingu and poliſh the Engliſh language ; that he was
lar, that in the high ſtation co which his merit had foon made known to George duke of Bucking-
raiſed him, he ſhould eſcape envy, and acquire || ham, and by him recommended to king Charles,
the general eſteem. He was made ſecretary at who made him a prebendary of Weſtminſter,
war in April 1717, and one of his majeſty's pri and of Windſor , from which preferments he
vy-council and ſecretary of ſtate in March 1718. ſoon roſe to be dean of Weſtminſter; and biſhop
On the baſe of the monument is the following of Rocheſter ; but at length for his firm integrity
epitaph, written by Mr. Pope :
to the church and monarchy, was brought in
danger of his life, he died in 1713, aged 77.
Stateſman, yet friend to truth, of ſoul fincere, The ſecond inſcription ſignifies, that the remains
In action faithful, and in honour clear!
of Thomas Spratt, A. M. (ſon to the biſhop)
Who broke no promiſe, ferv'd no private end; archdeacon of Rocheſter, and prebendary of
Who gain'd no title, and who loſt no friend; the churches of Rocheſter, Wincheſter, and
Ennobled by himſelf, by all approv'd,
Weſtminſter, lie near thoſe of his father. He
Prais'd, wept, and honour'd by the muſe he lov’d. died the roth of May 1720, aged 41. The laſt
inſcription tells us that John Freind, M. D. to
WILLIAM CONGREVE, Efq; ſhew his reſpect for thoſe two worthy perſonages,
had cauſed this monument to be erected jointly
On a pedeſtal of the fineſt egyptian marble, in to their memories.
an oval frame, is a half length marble portrait of
this gentleman: it is enriched with emblematical Dr. JOSEPH WILCOCK S.
figures alluding to the drama, and under it is the
following inſcription :
This gentleman was formerly chaplain to the
Britiſh factory at Liſbon, afterwards made precep-
« Mr. William Congreve died January the tor to the princeſſes, and prebendary of this church.
19th 1728, aged 56, and was buried near this In 1721 he was conſecrated lord biſhop of Glou-
place. To whoſe moſt valuable memory this ceſter ; in 1731 tranſlated to Rocheſter, and alſo
monument is ſet up by Henrietta, dutchefs of made dean of this church, and of the moſt hon.
Marlborough, as a mark how dearly ſhe re order of the Bath. He died the oth of March
s members the happineſs fhe enjoyed in the fin 1756; aged 84, and is buried in a vault in the
cere friendſhip of fo worthy and honeſt a man, eccleſiaſtical court, with his wife Jane, daughter
“ whofe virtue, candour, and wit, gained him the of John Milner, Eſq; conful at Liſbon. She
" love and eſteem of the preſent age ; and whoſe died the 27th of March 1725, aged 28. In
writings will be the admiration of the fu the fame vault lies Ann, their daughter, who
died in her infancy.
JOHN FREIND, M. D.
Above this is a ſmall table monument erected
to the memory of
This gentleman was a phyſician of the firſt
rank in his profeffion; nor was he leſs fucceſsful
HENRY WHAR TO N.
in his practice than ingenious in his writings. His
buſt ftands on a pedeſtal of fine white-veined It is remarkable only for the great name in-
marble, and under it a long latin infcription, fet fcribed on it. He was rector of Chatham in
ting forth his great and diftinguiſhing acquire- || Kent, vicar of the church of Minſter, in the iſle
ments. He died the 26th of July 1728.
of Thanet, chaplain to archbiſhop Sancroft, and
one of the greateſt writers of his time. He was
Sir LUMLEY ROBINSON, Bart. ſo univerfally reſpected by the biſhops and clergy,
that archbiſhop Tillotſong and ſeveral other pre-
The deſign of this monument is neat ; che lates, with the choir and king's ſcholars, attend-
columns are ſupported by deaths heads, and the ed his funeral in the moft folemn proceſſion, ſinga
arms upon the bafe by a cherub. On the top is a ing anthems compoſed for the occaſion. He died
vaſe, and riſing to the pediment, enrichments of the 3d of March 1624, aged 31.
laurel branches, &c. He was of Kentwell-hall in
Suffolk, and by an untimely death ended his life KATHERINE BOVE Y.
the 6th of Auguſt 1684, aged 36.
This monument was erected to the memory of
THOMAS SPRAT T, D. D. the above lady, by Mrs. Mary Pope, who lived
with her in the greateſt friendſhip near forty years.
Underneath this monument is the arms of the The principle figures are Faith with her book
defun&t, and on the top his arms, with that of || cloſed, and Wiſdom lamenting the death of her
patroneſs
66
ture.”

160
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
66
patroneſs, between which is a lady's head in an bart. who died in child-bed of her ſecond ſon
anulet of black marble curiouſly veined. Over the roth of October, 1674, aged 23. On the
it is an inſcription, deſcribing the virtues of the tomb are two learned inſcriptions; one in hebrew,
deceaſed, who died the 21ſt of January, 1726, the other in greek : the tranſlation of the hebrew
aged 72.
runs thus: “ Bleſſed be the Lord, my wife was
Over this monument is that of
precious: bleſſed be thy remembrance, O vir-
cuous woman.”—The greek thus: “ When I
Lord Viſcount HOWE,
" think of thy mildneſs, patience, charity, mo-
deſty and piety, I lament thee, O moſt excel-
The principal figure repreſents the genius of co lent creature, and grieve exceedingly: but
the province of Maſſachuſet's bay, in a mourn not like ſuch as have no faith; for I belive and
ful poſture, lamenting the fall of this hero; “ expect the reſurrection of thoſe who ſleep in
over which are the family arms ornamented with
66 Chriſt.”
military trophies. In large characters underneath
is the following infcription : « The province of
JOHN SMITH, Eſq;
“ Maſſachuſet's bay in New England, by an or-
“ der of the great and general court, bearing This monument is ſaid to be highly finiſhed.
" date Feb. 1, 1752, cauſed this monument to The deſign is a pyramid and altar, in which fits
" be erected to the memory of George lord viſ a lady veiled, mournful and diſconfolate, and
“ count Howe, brigadier general of his majeſty's || reſting her right arm on a curious bufto in relief.
" forces in North America, who was ſlain July On the baſe is a latin inſcription, ſetting forth his
the 6th, 1758, on his march to Ticonderago, deſcent from the Smiths of Lincolnſhire ; and
" in the 34th year of his age: in teſtimony of likewiſe his iſſue, which were two daughters,
" the ſenſe they had of his ſervices and military Ann, the eldeſt, firſt marrried to Sir Henry
“ virtues, and of the affection their officers and Parker of Warwickſhire, and afterwards to Mi-
" ſoldiers bore to his command. He lived re chael lord Dunkellin, eldeſt ſon to the earl of
“ ſpected and beloved : the public regretted his Clanrickard; and Mary, the youngeſt, married to
"s loſs; to his family it is irreparable.
Edward Deſboverie, of Lanford, in Wilts, bart.
The above John Smith died the6th of July 1718.
ROBERT CANNON, D. D.
ANN FIELDING.
This monument, though plain, is yet very
neat. It was erected to the memory of the above
This tomb was erected to the memory of the
gentleman, who was dean of Lincoln, and pre firſt wife of Samuel Morland, knt. and bart. who
bendary of this church. He died the 28th of ſeems to have been a man of great learning;
March, 1722, in the 59th year of his age. particularly in the eaſtern languages. On it are
Above this is a moſt beautiful monument two inſcriptions; the one in hebrew, the other in
erected to the memory of
ethiopic, the tranſlation of the firſt runs thus :
Gen. GEORGE WADE,
“ O thou faireſt among women! O virtuous
woman! The hand of the Lord hath done
In the center is a beautiful marble pillar, en " this. The Lord gave, and the Lord hath
riched with military trophies exquiſitely wrought : “ taken away, and bleſſed be the name of the
the principal figures repreſent Fame puſhing back
56 Lord.”
Time, who is eagerly approaching to pull down
The Ethiopic thus :
the pillar with the enſigns of honour that adorn
it. The general's head is in medallion, under " Come let us lament o’er this monunvent of a
which is the following infcription :
“ beloved huſband for thee; but in certain hope
" To the memory of George Wade, field-
56 that thou art united with Chriſt.
“ marſhal of his majeſty's forces, lieutenant-ge " This lady was truly religious, virtuous,
faith.
“ neral of the ordnance, colonel of his majeſty's u ful, mild as a dove, and chaſte : while ſhe con-
a third regiment of dragoon-guards, governor
“ tinued in life, ſhe was honoured ; and is happy,
" of Fort William, Fort Auguſtus, and Fort through mercy, in death.”
George, and one of his majeſty's moſt honour.
Under the Ethiopic is the following:
“ able privy council. He died March 14, 1748,
aged 75."
« Ann, daughter to George Fielding, Eſq;
" and of Mary his wife, the truly loving (and
Col. JOHN DAVIS.
as truly beloved) wife of Samuel Morland,
“ knt. and bart. died Feb. 20, Anno Dom.
We can ſay no more of this gentleman than
" 1679-80."
what ariſes from the inſcription; which is, that Over this is a monument erected to the me-
he was preſident of the council of the iſland of
St. Chriſtopher's, and died the 13th of Decem-
ber 1725, in the ſixty-third year of his age.
J AMES FLEMING,
CAROLINA HARSNET. Major-general of his majeſty's forces, and colo.
nel of a regiment of foot, who, having ſerved as
This monument was erected to the memory of a commiſſioned officer 44 years, died the 17th of
the ſecond wife of Samuel Morland, knt. and March, 1750, in the ſixty-eighth year of his age.
DIANA
66
66
66
mory of

HISTORÝ and SURVEY of Í ÖNDO N.
161
The mo-
GG
DI A NA TEM P L E: two Indians, is repreſented, 'in ballo relievo; the
fall of this brave commander, with his officers at.
This monument by its antiquity, ſeems to have tending him in his expiring moments.
been originally intended for the whole family of nument is adorned with military trophies, and url.
Sir William Temple, as appears by the inſcrip der it is the following infcription :
tion, which tells us, that Diana Temple died at
the age of fourteen. Dorothy Oſbourn, (in all " This monument was erected by a diſconfo-
probability Sir William's lady) aged 66; William “ late parent; the lady viſcountefs Townſend,
Temple, aged ſeventy; and Martha Gifford, Sir to the memory of her fifth ſon, the honourable
William's ſiſter, aged 84.
“ lieutenant colonel Roger Townſend, who was
“s killed by a cannon ball, on the 25th of July,
Sir CH.HARBORD, and CLEM, COTTREL, 1759, in the 28th year of his age, as he was
Eſq;
reconnoitring the French lines at Ticonderago,
“ in North America. From the parent, the bro-
Theſe two young gentlemen of the moſt pro " ther and the friend, his ſocial and amiable
miſing expectations, both periſhed in the Royal “ manners, his enterprizing bravery, and the in-
James, with the earl of Sandwich, who command tegrity of his heart, may claim the tribute
ed in her as vice-admiral againſt the Dutch in that ss of affliction. Yet, ftranger, weep not, for
niemorable fight off the coaſt of Suſſex, in the “ though premature his death, his life was glo-
time of king Charles II. The Royal James be si rious : enrolling him with the names of thoſe
ing ſet on fire, Sir Charles Harbord, firſt lieute “ immortal ftateſmen and commanders, whoſe
nant, though he might have ſaved himſelf by 66 wiſdom and intrepidity in the courſe of this
ſwimming, yet, out of pure affection to his comprehenſive and ſucceſsful war, have ex-
worthy commander, choſe to die with him. " tended the commerce, enlarged the dominion,
Young Cottrel was a volunteer, and having re " and upheld the majeſty of theſe kingdoms, be-
turned to his ſhip unwounded, from being the yond the idea of any former age."
firſt man that had boarded a Dutchman of ſeventy
guns, and pulled down her enſign with his own Over this monument, againſt the pillar is that of
hands, periſhed alſo with his friends. This gen-
tleman, though but twenty-two years of age, Mrs. BRIDGET RADLEY.
underſtood ſeven languages. On the baſe of the
monument is repreſented in relief a dreadful ſea It is ſmall, but very neat, and wås erected to
fight, and on the top; in a wreath of laurel, is her memory by her huſband Charles Radley, eſga
this inſcription : “ preſerve and unite the memory gentleman uſher daily waiter to king James II.
" of two faithful friends, who loſt their lives at She died the 20th of November 1679.
“ ſea together, May the 28th 1672."
Major RICHARD CREE D.
SIDNEY, EARL GODOLPHIN.
This is a table monument againſt the wall, eris
This is a fine buſt, repreſenting the above gen riched with military trophies; and on it is the
tleman, who died the 15th of September, 1712, following inſcription:
aged 67. In the year 1961, he was member of
parliament, and groom of the bedchamber to “ To the memory of the honoured major
king Charles II. In 1679 he was made commiſ “* Richard Creed, who attended his majefty king
ſioner of the treaſury. In 1684, ſecretary of
56 William III, in all his wars, every where ſiga
ſtate, and the ſame year created baron of Rialton, nalizing himſelf, and never more himſelf, thari
in Cornwall, by king James II. by whom alſo he Cć when he looked an enemy in the face. At the
was made firſt commiſſioner of the treaſury, and glorious battle of Blenheim, Ann. Dom, 17049
ſoon after lord high treaſurer ; which office, ac as he commanded thoſe ſquadrons that began the
cording to the inſcription, together with that of “ attack; in two ſeveral charges he remained
chief miniſter, he held during the firſt nine years “ unhurt; but in a third, after many wounds re-
of the reign of queen Anne.
“ ceived, ftill valiantly fighting, he was ſhot
through the head : his dead body was brought
Over theſe, againſt the wall, is a flat marble « off by his brother, at the hazard of his own
monument erected to the memory of
“ life, and buried there. To his memory his
o forrowful mother erects this monument, plac-
WILLIAM HARGRAVE, Eſq; ing it near another, which her ſon, when living,
56 uſed to look upon with pleaſure, for the worthy
Lieutenant general of his majeſty's forces, co « mention it makes of that great man Edward,
lonel of the royal Engliſh fuzileers, and gover $6 earl of Sandwich, to whom he had the honour
nor of Gibraltar; who having been a commiſ 66 to be related and whofe heroic virtues he was
fioned officer 57 years, died January 21, 1748,
66 ambitious to imitate. He was the eldeſt for
aged ſeventy-nine.
“ of John Creed of Oundel, eſq; and Elizabeth
“ his wife, only daughter of Sir Gilbert Picker-
Col. ROGER TOWNSEN D. ing, bart. of Tichmarſh, in Northampton-
or ſhire.'
On the front of a ſarcophagus, ſupported by
Ss
Sir
66
I 4

162
HISTORY and SURVEY. of LONDON.
Sir PALMES FAIRBORN E. eſcaped, for which he aſcribes to God the glory.
He was created baronet May the 28th, 1720.
This monument, which is very beautiful, is
fixed between two ſtately pyramids of black mar Captain WILLIAM JULIUS.
ble ſtanding on cannon balls, adorned in the mid-
dle with emblematical devices in relief, and hav There is not any thing remarkable in this mo.
ing two Mooriſh emperors heads in profile on nument; nor have we any other information of
their tops. The enrichments on the pyramids re this gentleman, than that he was captain of the
preſent the manner of his glorious deach. On Colcheſter man of war, and that he died October
one ſide he is viewing the enemy's lines before the the 3d. 1608, aged 33.
town, and is ſhot : on the other is a hearſe and
fix horſes bringing him off wounded to the caſtle. GEORGE CHURCHILL.
On a lofty dome is the deceaſed's arms, with this
motto underneath: tutus ſi fortis; and over it a This is a ſtately and elegant monument. The
Turk’s head on a dagger, by way of creſt, which inſcription on it informs us that this great man
he won by his valour in fighting againſt that peo was ſecond ſon to Sir Winſton Churchill, of Dor-
ple in the German war.
On the monument is ſetſhire, knt. and brother to John duke of Marl-
the following inſcription:
borough. He was early trained to military af-
fairs, and ſerved with great honour at ſea and
66 Sacred to the immortal memory of Sir land under king Charles II. king James II. king,
6s Palmes Fairborne, knt. governor of Tangier, William, and queen Anne. He was captain of
66 in execution of which command he was mor the Engliſh fleet at the burning the French at La
" tally wounded by a ſhot from the Moors then Hogue, in king William's reign; and for his
" beſieging the town, in the 46th year of his bravery there was made one of the commiſſioners
age, October 24, 1680."
of the admiralty. In the ſucceeding reign he
was made admiral in chief, and was for 20 years
His epitaph, which was written, by Mr. Dryden, together of the bedchamber to the prince of
runs thus.
Denmark. He died the 8th of May 1710, in
the 58th year of his age.
Ye ſacred reliques which your marble keep,
Here, undifturb’d by wars in quiet ſleep:
Sir RICHARD BINGH A M.
Diſcharge the truſt, which, (when it was below)
Fairborne's undaunted foul did undergo,
Againſt the wall, on a plain marble ſtone, is an
And be the town's palladium from the foe. inſcription deſcribing the military glories of the
Alive and dead theſe walls he will defend : above gentleman, who was of the ancient family
Great actions, great examples muſt attend. of the Binghams, of Bingham Melcomb, in Dor-
The Candian ſiege his early valour knew,
ſetſhire ; and ſerved in the reign of queen Mary,
where turkiſh blood did his young hands imbrue; at St. Quintin; in the reign of queen Elizabeth,
From thence returning with deſerv'd applauſe, at Leith, in Scotland ; in the iſle of Candy, un-
Againſt the Moors his well-fleſh'd ſword he draws, der the Venetians ; at Cabo Chaio, and the fa-
The ſame the courage and the ſame the cauſe. mous battle of Lepanto againſt the Turks; in
His youth and age, his life and death combine, the civil wars of France in the Netherlands, and
As in ſome great and regular deſign,
at Smerwick, where the Romans and Iriſh were
All of a piece throughout, and all divine. vanquiſhed. After this he was made governor of
Still nearer heaven his virtues ſhone more bright, 2
Connaught, where he overthrew the Iriſh and
Like riſing flames expanding in their height, Scots, expelled the traiterous Orourke, ſuppreff-
The martyr's glory crown'd the foldier's fight. ed divers rebellions, and was finally made mar-
More bravely Britiſh gen’ral never fell,
ſhal of Ireland, and governor of Leinſter. He
Nor gen’ral's death was e’er reveng’d ſo well, died at Dublin January 19, 1598, aged 70; from
Which his pleas’d eyes beheld before their cloſe, whence he was brought, and here interred by Sir
Follow'd by thouſand victims of his foès. John Bingley, fome time his ſervant.
To his lamented loſs, for times to come,
His pious widow confecrates this tomb.
GEORGE STEPNEY, Efq;
}
Over the monuments of major Richard Creed This gentleman was deſcended from the Step-
and Sir Palmes Fairborne, is one erected to the neys of Pendergraft, in Pembrokeſhire, but born
memory of
at Weſtminſter in 1663, and entered of Trinity-
college, Cambridge, in 1682, In 1692 he was
Sir JOHN CHARDIN, Bart. ſent envoy to the elector of Brandenburgh ; in
1696 and 1697, to the electors of Mentz, Triers,
It is emblematical, and alludes to the travels of Cologne, Palatine, Landgrave of Heſſe, and to
this gentleman, by which, as his motto expreſſes, the congreſs of Frankfort : in 1697, on his re-
he acquired his fame. The globe, round which a turn, he was made commiſſioner of trade; in
number of geographical inſtruments are repre 1698, was ſent a ſecond time envoy to the elector
ſented, exhibits a view of the different countries of Brandenburgh; in 1699, in the ſame quality
through which he travelled, and the motto be to the king of Poland ; in 1701, a ſecond time
neath refers to the dangers he providentially to the emperor of Germany; and laſtly, in 1706,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
163
- her age."
to the ſtates-general. All theſe ſeveral embaſſies “ ber the 19th 1698, in the ſixty-ſeventh year of
he conducted with ſuch integrity, application, and
eaſe, that he generally exceeded the expectations
SOPHIA FAIRHOL M.
of his ſovereigns, William and Anne, by whom
he was employed. He died greatly lamented at This monument reprelents an ancient ſepul-
Chelſea, in the year 1706.
chre, over which is raiſed a ſtately edifice orna-
mented at top with the family arms. She was
THOMAS KNIPE. S. T. P. marchioneſs of Anandale, born in Scotland, and
was mother to the marquis of Anandale, who, as
In memory of the above gentleman, this monu a mark of his duty and gratitude, cauſed this
ment was erected by Alice his ſecond wife. He monument to be erected to her memory. She
was for fifty years employed in Weſtminſter died the 13th of December 1716, aged 49.
ſchool, ſixteen whereof as head maſter. He was Againſt the pillars on this ſpot, are two table
likewiſe a prebendary of this cathedral. The monuments, the one erected to the memory of
larin infcription, which is long, only deſcribes his
many great virtues, and that he died the 8th of Dr. ANTHONY HORNECK.
Auguſt 1711, aged 73.
Above theſe two laft, is a monument erected According to the inſcription this gentleman
to the memory of
was remarkable for learning, ſedateneſs and piety;
an indefatigable preacher, and a ſmooth and florid
JOHN MET HUEN, Efq; orator. He was born at Wittenberg in Zealand,
but educated at Queen's college, Oxford ; was
Who died in the ſervice of his country in Por king's divinity-profeſſor and chaplain, a preben-
tugal, July 13, 1706, and was here interred Sep- dary to this church, and preacher at the Savoy.
tember 17, 1708. Alſo the right honourable Sir He died of the ſtone January the 31, 1696, aged
Paul Methuen, of Biſhops-Caning in Wilts, ſon fifty-fix.
of the ſaid John Methuen, eſq; one of his ma. The other monument is erected to the memory of
jeſty's moſt honourable privy-council, and knight
of the moſt honourable order of the Bath, who
Dr. SAMUEL BARTON.
died the 11th of April 1757, aged 86.
By the inſcription he appears to have been a
Sir CLOUDESLEY SHOVEL, knt. prebendary of this church, and a perſon of ad-
niirable genius and learning. He died Septem-
On the baſe of this monument is repreſented ber 1715, aged 62.
in bas relief the ſhip Affociation, in which the ad-
WILLIAM CAM DEN.
miral failed, as ſtriking againſt a rock, with feve-
ral others periſhing at the ſame time, and at the On this monument the above gentleman is re-
top are two boys blowing trumpets. This great preſented in a half-length in the habit of his time,
man received the honour of knighthood the 16th with his left hand holding a book, and in his right
of May 1689. The inſcription on the monument his gloves, reſting on an altar, on the body of
runs thus: Sir Cloudeſley Shovel, knt. rear which is a latin inſcription, ſetting forth his inde-
« admiral of Great Britain ; and admiral and fatigable induſtry in illuſtrating the Britiſh anti-
56 commander in chief of the fleet, the juſt re quities, and his candour, ſincerity, and pleaſant
" Ward of his long and faithful ſervices. He was good humour in private life. He was ſon to
“ deſervedly beloved of his country, and eſteem Sampſon Camden, Citizen of London, and pain-
ed, though dreaded, by the enemy who had ter-ſtainer, was born in the Old Baily, May 2,
so often experienced his conduct and courage. 1551, and received the firſt rudiments of his edu-
" Being ſhipwrecked on the rocks of Scilly, in cation at Chriſt-church hoſpital. In 1566 he en-
“ his voyage from Thoulon the 22d of October tered himſelf of Magdalen college, Oxford, but
1707, at night, in the 57th year of his age, afterwards removed to Pembroke, where he be-
as his fate was lamented by all, but eſpecially by came acquainted with Dr. Goodman, dean of
the ſea-faring part of the nation; to whom he Weftminiter, by whoſe recommendation, in 1575,
was a generous patron, and a worthy example. he was made fecond maſter of the abbey-ſchool,
* --His body was flung on the ſhore, and buried and began the laborious work of his antiquities,
" with others in the fand; but being foon after encouraged thereto and affifted by his patron. In
s taken up, was placed under this monument, 1588 he was made prebend of Ilfracombe, in the
« which his royal miſtreſs had cauſed to be erect church of Sarum, which he held till his death.
" ed to conmemorate his ſteady loyalty, and In 1593 he was made head maſter of Weſtmin-
extraordinary virtues.”
fter ſchool. In 1596, Richmond Herald, and next
day Clarencieux king at arms. In 1619 he found-
Α Ν Ν W E M Y S.
ed his his hiſtory lecture in Oxford. In Auguſt
1622, he fell from his chair at his houſe in Chir-
Adjoining to the wall is a ſmall oval tablet, ſelhurſt in Kent, and hurt himſelf in ſuch a man-
with the following inſcription : “ Near theſe ſteps ner, that he lingered till the 9th of November
" lies the body of Mrs. Ann Wemys, daughter 1623, and then died, aged 74.
" of Dr. Locowick Wemys, ſometime preben The above monument has lately been repaired
dary of this cathedral, and of Mrs. Jane Bar and beautified at the charge and expence of the
“ grave his wife, who departed this life, Decem univerſity of Oxford.
IS AAC

164
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON,
ISAAC CASAUBON.
He died the 4th of May 1677, in the 47th year
of his age.
Over this is a handſome monument erected to
the memory of
EDW. WETTENHALL, M.D.
Though this gentleman was a native of France,
and in his younger years royal library-keeper at
Paris, yet he was ſo diſſatisfied with the ceremo-
nial part of the Romiſh worſhip, that upon the
murder of his great patron Henry IV. he willing
ly quitted his native country, and at the earneſt
entreaty of king James I. ſettled in England;
where, for his uncommon knowledge, he became
the admiration of men of learning. He died in
1614, aged 55.
This ſmall but neat monument was erected to
his memory by the learned Dr. Moreton, biſhop
of Durham.
This gentleman was, perhaps, one of the moſt
eminent phyſicians of his time; he was ſon to
biſhop Wettenhall, and died the 29th of Auguſt
1733. His father was Dr. Edward Wettenhall,
who was firſt advanced to the fee of Cork in Ire-
land, which he filled with great dignity for twenty
years; but was afterwards tranſlated to Killmore
and Roſs, which he held fourteen years. He died
in the ſeventy-eighth year of his age, Novem-
ber 12, 1713
JOHN ERNEST GRABE.
66
66
Robert Harley, earl of Oxford and Mortimer, WILLIAM OUTR A M.
erected this monument to the memory of the
above gentleman, who died the 3d of Novem The inſcription on this monument is in latin,
ber 1711, aged 46, and was buried at Pancraſs, the tranſlation of which runs thus: Near this
near London. He is repreſented by a curious “ place lies William Outram, D. D. born in
figure, large as the life, fitting upon a marble “ Derbyſhire, fellow of Trinity and Chriſt-church
tomb in a thoughtful poſture, as contemplating " colleges in Cambridge, cannon of this abbey,
the ſorrows of death, and the horrors of the grave.
" and archdeacon of Leiceſter; an accompliſhed
He was remarkably well ſkilled in the oriental divine, a nervous and accurate writer, an ex-
languages.
" cellent and diligent preacher, firſt in Lincoln-
< fhire, afterwards at London, and laſtly at St.
Sir RICHARD COX.
Margaret's Weſtminſter; where he finished his
« life with great applauſe, and no leſs ſucceſs ;
This gentleman was taſter to queen Elizabeth 66 but in the courſe of ſo much labour and in.
and king James I. to the latter of which he was “ tenſeneſs of mind, being inflamed with the
ſteward of the houſhold. His epitaph commends “ ſtudy of ſcripture and the holy fathers, he
him in a high degree for his religion, humanity, grew much diſtempered with the gravel, wich
chaſtity, temperance, friendſhip, beneficence, “ which, being long afflicted, and at length
charity, vigilance and ſelf-denial. He was third worn out, he ended his life with the utmoſt
ſon to Thomas Cox, of Beymonds in Hertford compoſure of mind Auguſt 22, 1678 aged 54.
ſhire, and died a batchelor the 13th of Decem On the pedeſtal is another inſcription, which tells
ber 1623, in the both year of his age.
us, that, “ after a long and religious life, and 42
years widowhood, here reſts Jane, wife of Dr.
THOMAS TRIPLE T.
• Outram, who died October 4, 1721."
Above this is a monument erected to the me-
Was educated at Chriſt-church in the univer mory of that eminent divine and philoſopher.
fity of Oxford, where he was eſteemed a wit, a
good grecian, and a poet. In 1645 he was made Dr. STEPHEN HALES.
prebend of Preſton in the church of Sarum, and
had alſo a living, which being ſequeſtered in the Here are two beautiful figures in relief; the
rebellion, he fled to Ireland and kept a ſchool in one repreſenting Botany, the other, Religion. The
Dublin, where he was when king Charles I was firſt is preſenting a medallion of this great ex-
beheaded. Diſliking Ireland, he returned to plorer to public view; the latter is deploring the
England, and kept ſchool at Hayes in Middleſex, || loſs of the divine : at the feet of Botany the
till the reſtoration, when he was made prebend of winds are diſplayed on a globe, which alludes to
Weſtminſter, and of Fenton, in the church of his invention of the ventilators. The inſcription
York. He died at a good old age the 18th of which is in latin, is as follows :
July 1670.
“ To the memory of Stephen Hales, doctor
ISAAC BARROW.
« in divinity, Auguſta, the mother of that belt,
“ of kings, George the third, has placed this
On the top of this monument is a remarkable " monument; who choſe him when living, to
fine buſt repreſenting this truly great man, who, « officiare as her chaplain ; and after he died,
as the inſcription informs us, was chaplain to king 66 which was on the 4th of January 1761, in
Charles II. head of Trinity college, Cambridge, " the 84th year of his age, honoured him with
geometry profeſſor of Greſham college, in 66 this marble.”
London, and of greek and mathematicks at
Cambridge. He was a great divine, and in his About the tomb of Hales whoſe fair deſign
youth travelled through moſt parts of Europe. And poliſh great Augufta caus’d to ſhine,
Religion,
22

HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
16
Religion, hoary faith, and virtue wait,
don, merchant. She died at Brockhall, in the
And ſhed perpetual tears in mournful ſtate. county of Northampton, the 25th of June 17673
But o'er the preacher, render'd to his clay, aged 25. Under which is the following epitaph :
The voice of wiſdom ſtill as this to ſay:
“ He was a man to hear affliction's cry,
Though low in earth her beauteous form decay'd,
" And trace his maker's works with curious eye: | My faithful wife, my lov’d Maria's laid;
“ O Hales ! thy praiſes not the lateſt age, In ſad remembrance the afflicted raiſe,
66 Shall e'er diminish, or ſhall blot thy page, No pompous tomb; inſcribid with venal praiſe s
w England, ſo proud of Newton, ſhall agree; To ſtateſmen, warriors, and to kings belong,
- She has a ſon of equal rank in thee.”
The trophied ſculpture, and the poet's ſong ;
And theſe the proud, expiring, often claim;
GEORGE FREDERICK HANDELL. Their wealth bequeathing, to record their name ;
But humble virtue, ſtealing to the duſt,
The whole of this figure is well executed, and Heeds not our lays, or monumental buſt.
the face is a ſtrong likeneſs of its original. The To name her virtues ill befits my grief,
left arm is refting on a groupe of muſical inſtru What was my bliſs can now give no relief ;
ments, and the attitude is very expreſſive of great A huſband mourns, the reſt let friendſhip tell;
attention to the harmony of an angel playing on Fame ſpread her worth, a hulband knew it well.
a harp in the clouds over his head. Before it lies
the celebrated Meſſiah, with that part open, where JOHN Duke of ARGYLE and GREENWICH,
is the much admired air, I know that my Redeemer
liveth. Underneath is the following ſhort inſcrip-
This is a moſt beautiful and ſtately monument,
tion:
“ George Frederick Handell, eſq; born encloſed with rails. The figure of Minerva is on
February 23, 1684, died April 14, 1729.” one ſide the baſe, and that of Eloquence on the
This is the laſt monument which that eminent other; the one looking forrowfully up at the
ſtatuary Rubiliac lived to finiſh. 'Tis ſaid he firſt principal figure above, the other pathetically dif-
became conſpicuous, and afterwards finiſhed the playing the public loſs at his death. On the top
exerciſe of his art with a figure of this extraordi is the figure of Hiſtory, with one hand holding
nary man ; the firſt of which was erected in the a book, the other writing on a pyramid of finely
gardens at Vauxhall.
coloured marble the titles of the hero, whoſe
actions are ſuppoſed to be contained in the books
Sir EDWARD ATKIN S. on the cover of which, in letters of gold, are
inſcribed the date of his grace's death, and age
This gentleman was one of the barons of the On the pyramid is the following epitaph
exchequer in the reigns of king Charles I. and II.
He was of ſuch integrity, that he reſiſted many Briton, behold! if patriot worth be dear,
honours that were offered him by the chiefs of the A ſhrine that claims thy tributary tear ;
grand rebellion. He died in the year 1669, aged
Silent that tongue, admiring ſenates heard,
eighty-two.
Nerveleſs that arm oppofing legions fear’d.
Sir Robert Atkins, his eldeſt ſon, was created Nor leſs, O Campbell, thine the power to pleaſe;
knight of the bath at the coronation of king And give to grandeur all the grace of eaſe.
Charles II. afterwards lord chief baron of the Long from thy life, let kindred heroes trace,
exchequer under king William, and ſpeaker of
Arts which ennoble ftill, the nobleſt race;
the houſe of lords in ſeveral parliaments. He Others may owe their future fame to me,
died in 1709, aged 88.
I borrow immortality from thee.
Sir Edward Atkins, his youngeſt ſon, was like-
wiſe baron of the exchequer, but retired, upon
Under this is written in large letters,
the revolution, from public buſineſs, to his feat
in Norfolk, where he died in the year 1698, aged
JOHN DUKE OF ARGYLE AND GR.
ſixty-eight.
at which point the pen of Hiſtory ſtops.
Sir Robert Atkins, eldeſt fon of the above Sir
Robert, was a gentleman well verſed in polite li The inſcription on the baſe of the monument
terature, and in the antiquities of this country. runs thus : “In memory of an honeft man, a
He died in 1711, aged 65.
“ conſtant friend, John the great duke of Ar-
Edward Atkins, eſq; late of Kitteringham in “ gyle and Greenwich, a general and orator ex-
Norfolk, ſecond ſon of the laſt named Sir Ed “ ceeded by none in the age he lived. Sir Henry
ward, cauſed this monument to be erected in me " Farmer, bart. by his laſt will left the ſum of
mory of his anceſtors, who fo honourably pre “ five hundred pounds towards erecting this mo-
fided in the courts of juſtice in Weſtminſter-hall
. nument, and recommended the above in-
He died the 20th of January 1750, in the 79th ſcription."
year of his age.
Over this is a flat white marble monument
JOHN GA Y.
erected to the memory of
This beautiful monument was erected to the
MARY HOPE,
memory of the above gentleman, by the bounty
and favour of the duke and dutcheſs of Queenſ-
Daughter of Eliab Breton, of Forty-hall, Mid-borough, who were the great encouragers of his
dleſex, and was married to John Hope, of Lona I genius, and rewarders of his merit. The maſks,
14
Tt
tragedy-

166
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ter.
tragedy-dagger, and inſtruments of muſic, which majeſty. There is a figure of Mr. Thomſon fit-
are blended together in a groupe, are emblema ting, which leans its left arm upon a pedeſtal,
tical devices, alluding to the various ways of holding a book with the cap of Liberty in its
writing in which he excelled ; namely, Farce, other hand. On the pedeſtal is carved in baſſo
Satire, Fable, and Paftoral. The following ſhort relievo the Seaſons; to which a boy points, of,
epitaph was written by himſelf :
ſering him a laurel crown, as the reward of his
genius. At the feet of the figure is the tragic
Life is a jeſt, and all things ſhow it,
maſk, and the ancient harp. The whole is ſup-
I thought ſo once, but now I know it.
ported by a projected pedeſtal, and in a pannel is
this inſcription :
Underneath are the following verſes written
by Mr. Pope :
“ James THOMSON, Ætatis 48. Obiit 27 Au-
gujt, 1748. Tutored by thee, ſweet poetry
Of manners gentle, of affections mild ;
“ exults her voice to ages, and informs the page
In wit, a man; fimplicity, a child :
«s with muſic, image, ſentiment, and thought,
With native humour, temp’ring virtuous rage,
never to die."
Form’d to delight at once, and laſh the age :
Above temptation in a low eſtate,
WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR.
And uncorrupted, e'en among the great.
A ſafe companion and an eaſy friend;
The deſign and workmanſhip of this monu-
Unblam'd thro’ life, lamented in thy end.
ment are extremely elegant. In the figure of
Theſe are thy honours, not that here thy buſt Shakeſpear the ſculptor has moſt delicately ex-
Is mix'd with heroes, or with kings thy duft ; preſſed his attitude, his dreſs, his ſhape, his gen-
But that the worthy and the good ſhall ſav, teel air, and fine compoſure. The heads on the
Striking their penſive boſoms—Here lies Gay. pedeſtal, which are likewiſe proper ornaments to
--He died December 4, 1732, aged 45. grace the tomb, repreſent Henry V. Richard III.
and queen Elizabeth. In ſhort, the taſte that is
NICHOLAS ROWE, Eſq; here ſhown does honour to thoſe great names,
under whoſe direction, by the public favour, it
This gentleman was poet-laureat, and author was ſo elegantly conſtructed ; namely, the earl of
of ſeveral fine tragedies; and juſt before his death Burlington, Dr. Mead, Mr. Pope, and Mr. Mar-
had finiſhed a tranſlation of Lucan's Pharſalia. tin. It was deſigned by Kent, and executed by
The monument, which is a very fine one, was Scheemakers; and the expence defrayed by the
erected to the memory of him and his only daugh- grateful contributions of the public. The lines
On a pedeſtal about twenty inches high, on the ſcroll, which were written by himſelf, are
which ſtands on an altar, is a moſt beautiful buſt; very properly adapted.
near it is the figure of a lady in the deepeſt for-
row, and between both, on a pyramid behind, is The cloud-cap'd towers, the gorgeous palaces,
a medallion, with the head of a young lady in The ſolemn temples, the great globe itſelf;
relief. On the front of the pedeſtal is this in Yea, all which it inherits, ſhall diffolve,
fcription : “ To the memory of Nicholas Rowe, And, like the baſeleſs fabric of a viſion,
eſq; who died in 1718, aged 45. And of Char Leave not a wreck behind.
“ lotte, his only daughter, wife of Henry Fane,
eſq; who inheriting her father's ſpirit, and CHARLES De St. DENNIS,
" amiable in her own, innocence and beauty,
Lord of St. EVREMOND.
“ died in the 23d year of her age, 1739.” Un-
der which, on the front of the altar, is the fol The inſcription on this tomb is in latin, the
lowing epitaph:
tranſlation of which informs us, that this gentle-
man was of a noble family in Normandy, and
Thy reliques, Rowe! to this ſad ſhrine we truſt, was employed in the army of France, in which
And near thy Shakeſpear place thy honour'd buſt. he roſe to the rank of a marſhal; but retiring to
Oh! ſkill'd next him to draw the tender tear, Holland, he was from thence invited by king
For never heart felt paſſion more ſincere : Charles II. into England, where he lived in the
To nobler ſentiments to fire the brave,
greateſt intimacy with the king and principal no-
For never Briton more diſdain'd a Nave !
bility; but particularly with the dutcheſs of
Peace to thy gentle ſhade and endleſs reft, Mazarine. He was of a very ſprightly turn of
Bleft in thy genius, in thy love too bleſt !
humour, as well in his converſation as writings.
And bleft, that timely from our ſcene remov'd, Though he left France, as is ſuppoſed, on ac-
Thy ſoul enjoys that liberty it lov’d.
count of religion, yet in his will he left 20l. to
To theſe fo mourn'd in death, ſo lov'd in life, poor Roman Catholics, and 2ol. to poor French
The childleſs mother, and the widow'd wife, refugees; beſides other legacies to be diſpoſed of
With tears inſcribes this monumental ſtone, to thoſe in diſtreſs, of what religion foever they
That holds their alhes, and expects her own. might be. He died by a violent fit of the ſtran-
guary the 9th of September, 1703, aged 90.
JAMES THOMSON.
MATTHEW PRIOR.
This monument was erected in the year 1762 :
and is executed by Michael Henry Spang, ftatu-
This is a moſt beautiful monument, and richly
ary, after a deſign of Mr. Adam, architect to his ornamented. On one ſide the pedeſtal ſtands the
figure

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
167
mory of
his age.
figure of Thalia, one of the nine muſes, with a gout at Bunhill, 1674, in the 67th year of his
flute in her hand ; and on the other, Hiſtory age, leaving three daughters unprovided for. His
with her book ſhut; between both is the buſt of || body was conveyed to St. Giles's-church, Crip-
the deceaſed upon a raiſed altar of fine marble. plegate, and there interred in the chancel.
Over this is a handſome pediment, on the aſcend-
ing ſides of which are two boys, one with an
EDMUND SPENCER.
hour glaſs in his hand run out; the other hold-
ing a torch reverſed : on the apex of the pedi This great poet was born in London in the year
ment is an urn, and on the baſe of the monu 1510, and died in 1598. The tomb is of grey
ment a long inſcription, ſetting forth the princi- || marble, but very rough and decayed ; on which
pal employments in which he had been engaged; is the following infcription :
particularly, by order of king William and queen
Mary, in aſſiſting at the congreſs of the confede “ Here lies (expecting the ſecond coming of
rate powers at the Hague in 1690. In 1697, he « Our Saviour Chriſt Jeſus) the body of Ed-
was one of the plenipotentiaries at the peace of “ mund Spencer, the prince of poets in his time,
Ryſwick; and in the following year was of the “ whoſe divine ſpirit needs no other witneſs than
embaſſy to France, and alſo ſecretary of ſtate in 56 the works which he left behind him.”
Ireland. In 1700 he was made one of the board
of trade; in 1711 firſt commiſſioner of the cuſ Over this is a monument erected to the me-
toms; and laſtly, in the ſame year, was ſent by
her majeſty queen Anne to Lewis XIV. of
France, with propoſals of peace. All which
SAMUEL BUTLER.
truſts he executed with uncommon addreſs, and
the moſt firm integrity. On the outermoſt ſide of This gentleman was author of Hudibras, and
the buſt is a latin inſcription, importing, that a man of the moſt extraordinary learning, wit,
while he was buſied in writing the hiſtory of his and integrity ; but underwent great difficulties on
own times, death interpoſed, and broke both the account of his narrow circumſtances. He was
thread of his diſcourſe and of his life the eigh born at Sternſham in Worceſterſhire in 1612,
teenth of September 1721, in the 57th year of died in London in 1680, and was buried at the
expence of a private friend, in the church-yard
of St. Paul's, Covent-garden. This tomb, as
THOMAS SHADWELL. the inſcription informs us, was erected by John
Barber, eſq; citizen of London, and afterwards
This monument was erected to the memory of
" that he who was deſtitute of all
the above gentleman by his ſon Dr. John Shad * things when alive, might not want a monument
well. It is of curious marble, ornamented with 66 when dead."
a fine mantling, urn, and buſt, and crowned with
a chaplet of bays. The inſcription imports, that
BEN. JOHNSON.
he was deſcended from an ancient family in Staf-
fordſhire, was poet-laureat and hiſtoriographer in This gentleman was poet-laureat to king James
the reign of king William, and died the 20th of I. and was cotemporary with Shakeſpear, to whoſe
November 1692, in the 55th year of his age. writings he was no friend. He was the ſon of a
The cauſe of his death, which was at Chelſea, clergyman, and educated at Weſtminſter ſchool,
was by taking opium, to which he had been long while Mr. Cambden was maſter ; but after his
accuſtomed.
father's death, his mother marrying a bricklayer,
he was taken from ſchool, and made to lay bricks.
JOHN MIL TO N.
It is ſaid that at the building of Lincoln's-Inn,
he worked with his trowel in one hand, and Ho-
This monument was erected to his memory by race in the other ; but Mr. Cambden regarding
Mr. Auditor Benſon in the year 1737. He was his parts, recommended him to Sir Walter Ra-
a great polemical and political writer, being latin leigh, whoſe fon he attended in his travels, and
ſecretary to Oliver Cromwell; but what has im. upon his return entered himſelf of Cambridge.
mortalized his name are thoſe two inimitable Among his various theatrical productions, there
pieces, Paradiſe loft and regained. Theſe, he wrote are but four plays that will at this time bear re-
in his retirement, and as ſome affirm after he was preſentación, viz. The Silent Woman, Alchymiſt,
blind. This ſeems to be confirmed by that mourn Volpone, and Every Man in his Humour. The
ful pallage in his third book of Paradiſe loſt, monument is of fine marble, and very neatly
when, in his addreſs to light he ſays,
ornamented with emblematical figures, alluding
perhaps to the malice and envy of his cotempo-
----Thee I reviſit ſafe
raries. His epitaph conſiſts olny of theſe words :
And feel thy ſovereign vital lamb; but thou
Reviſit'ſ not theſe eyes that roll in vain
O RARE BEN JOHNSON!
To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn;
So thick a drop ſerene hach quench’d their orbs. He died Auguſt 16, 1637, aged 63.
On the reſtoration, many had ſo
MICHAEL DRA Y TON.
for his parts and learning, that though they de-
teſted his principles, they procured his pardon. This gentleman was an excellent poet, and a
He was born at London in 1608, and died of the great antiquarian; the firſt of which appears by
his
lord mayor,
great an eſteem

168
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
age :
his epiſtles and legends ; the latter by his Poly- || of Gaunt's wife's ſiſter. He was born in 1328,
albion, which the great Seldon honoured with a and died October 25, 1400, aged 72.
comment. It does not appear by whom this mo-
nument was erected ; but the inſcription and ABRAHAM COWLEY.
epitaph (which were formerly in letters of gold,
but now almoſt obliterated) runs thus :
Though this monument appears very plain,
yet it is expreſſive. The fire iſſuing from the
“ Michael Drayton, eſq; a memorable poet mouth of the urn, and the chaplet of laurel that
6 of his age, exchanged his laurel for a crown begirts it, are fine emblems of the glory he ac-
66 of glory, Anno 1631.”
quired by the ſpirit of his writings. The inſcrip-
tion and epitaph on the pedeſtal are both in latin,
Do, pious marble ! let thy readers know
the tranſlation of which runs thus :
What they, and what their children owe
To Drayton's name, whoſe facred duſt
" Near this place lies Abraham Cowley, the
We recommend unto thy truſt;
Pindar, Horace, and Virgil of England; and
Frotect his memºry, and preſerve his ſtory; " the delight, ornament, and admiration of his
Remain a laſting monument of his glory;
And when thy ruins ſhall diſclaim
To be the treaſurer of his name :
While, ſacred bard, far worlds thy works proclaim,
His name that cannot fade ſhall be
And you ſurvive in an immortal fame,
An everlaſting monument to thee.
Here may you bleſs’d in pleaſing quiet lie,
To guard thy urn my hoary faith ſtand by;
JOHN PHILLIPS.
And all thy fav’rite tuneſul nine repair
To watch thy duſt with a perpetual care.
This monument was erected to the memory of Sacred for ever may this place be made,
the above gentleman by Sir Simon Harcourt, And may no deſp’rate hand preſume t'invade
knt. The buſt is in relief, and repreſented With touch unhallow'd, this religious room,
as in an arbor interwoven with vines, laurel Or dare affront thy venerable tomb;
branches, and apples-trees ; and over it this Unmov'd and undiſturb’d till time ſhall end,
motto ; Honos erit huic quoque Pomo ; alluding | May Cowley’s duft this marble ſhrine defend.
to the high qualities aſcribed to the apple in
that excellent poem of his called Cyder. He “ So wiſhes, and deſires that wiſh may be ſacred
was author of but few pieces, but thoſe very to pofterity, George duke of Buckingham,
maſterly. His Blenheim is a fine ſpecime'n of 56 who erected this monument for that incompa-
what, had he lived, he was capable of in the epic
He died in the 49th year of his
way; in the lyric his ode to lord Bolingbroke on age, and was carried from Buckingham-houſe,
Tobacco is far from contemptible; and as to his 56 with honourable pomp, his exequies being at-
Splendid Shilling, whoever reads it muſt be highly os tended by perſons of illuſtrious characters of
pleaſed with his fancy and great force of genius. " all degrees, and buried Aug. 3, 1667."
The inſcription on his monument is a recital of
his tranſcendent virtues and abilities, and the By a blue ftone, on which is engraved his
great merit he was poſſeſſed of. He was ſon to name,
it appears that he lies juſt before this mo-
Stephen Phillips, D. D. archdeacon of Salop,
was born at Bampton in Oxfordſhire, Dec. 30,
1675, and died of a conſumption in the prime of Mrs. MARTHA BIRCH.
his life the 15th of February 1708.
This is a neat table monument high on a pillar,
GEOFFERY CHAUCER. the inſcription whereof informs us that ſhe was
daughter to Samuel Viner, eſq; and firſt married
This monument, which is of the gothic ſtile, to Francis Millington, eſq; and after his death to
was once very beautiful, but now much defaced. Peter Birch, prebendary of this abbey; and that
The perſon to whoſe name it is ſacred, is called ſhe was prudent, pious, and chaſte. She died in
the father of Engliſh poets, and flouriſhed in the the 50th year of her age, May 15, 1703.
fourteenth century. He was fon to Sir John
Chaucer, a citizen of London, and employed by
DR Y DE N.
Edward III. in negotiations abroad relating to
trade. He was firſt brought up at Cambridge; This monument was erected to the memory of
then in Merton in Oxford, from whence he went the above gentleman by the late duke of Buck-
to ſtudy the law in the Middle Temple. After ingham, who valued his writings ſo much, that
this he became a favourite at court, and was em he thought no inſcription neceſſary to ſpread his
ployed as a ſhield-bearer to the king; he was a fame. It may be ſaid of this great man with reſ-
gentleman of the bedchamber, and by Edward | pect to his writings in general, that what he did
III. fent ambaſſador abroad ; but in the ſucceed in any one ſpecies or diſtinct kind, would have
ing reign fell into diſgrace, and was committed been fufficient to have acquired him a great
to the Tower for high treaſon, where he wrote
name. All that can be diſcovered on the monu-
his Teſtament of Love. But on the death of ment is this : “J. Dryden, born 1632, died May
Richard II. he became a greater favourite at 1, 1700. John Sheffield, duke of Buckingham-
court than ever, having married the great John “ fhire, erected this monument, 1720."
ROBERT
(6 rable man.
nument.
66

HIS TORT and SURVEI of LONDON.
1619
ROBERT SOUTH, D. D. was forced once more to take refuge in France,
where he wrote his Gondabert. In attempting
On the tomb is the figure of this gentleman in to return he was taken at ſea, confined in the
his canonical habit, with his arm reſting on a Ine of Wight, and thence removed to the
cuſhion, and his right hand on a death's head. In Tower, in order to rake his trial at the high court
his left he holds a book with his finger between of juſticiary ; but by the application of Milton,
the leaves, as if juſt cloſed from reading, and he was ſpared. He lived to ſee the reſtoration,
over his head is a groupe of cherubs iſſuing from and to enjoy his old poſt, in which he was ſuch
a mantling, under which is a long latin inſcription, ceeded by Mr. Dryden. He was the fon of a
ſhewing, that he was ſcholar to Dr. Buſby, and vintner at Oxford, and received his education at
ftudent at Chriſt-church, Oxford, and public | Lincoln-college, where he became acquainted
orator of that univerſity ; that by the patronage with Endimion Porter, Henry Jermain, and Sir
of lord Clarendon he was made prebendary both John Suckling. He died in 1668, aged 63.
of Weſtminſter and Chriſt's, and afterwards rector On the ſtone that covers him are inſcribed theſe
of Ifip, where he rebuilt the parſonage houſe,
words:
and founded and endowed a ſchool for the educa-
O Rare Sir Wiliam Davenant:
tion of poor children. He died July 8, 1716,
aged 82
At a ſmall diſtance from the above, lie the
remains of that great mathematician
Dr. RICHARD BUSBY.
Sir ROBERT MURRAY.
The effigy of this learned man in his gown is
on the monument looking earneſtly on the inſcrip He was one of the founders of the Royal So-
tion. In his right hand he holds a pen, and in ciety, of which he was the firſt preſident, and
his left a book open. Underneath, on the pedeſ while he lived, the principal ſupport of it. He
tal, are a variety of books, and at top his family was a great admirer of the Roſecruſians, well
arms. The inſcription is elegantly written, and verſed in chemiſtry and experimental philoſphy ;
highly to his praiſe : it intimates, that whatever and in great favour with king Charles II. to
fame the ſchool of Weſtminſter boaſts, and what whom he was ſecretary for Scotland, and a privy-
ever advantages mankind ſhall reap from thence counſellor. He was buried at the king's ex-
in times to come, are all principally owing to pence, after having died ſuddenly in the garden af
the wiſe inſtitutions of this great man.
He was Whitehall the 4th of July 1673.
born at Lutton in Lincolnſhire, Sept. 22, 1606, Not far from this is an ancient ſtone of grey
made maſter of Weſtminfter-college Dec. 23, marble, in which by the marks has been the
1640, elected prebend of Weſtminſter July 5, image of a man in armour. It covers the body of
1660, and treaſurer of Wells, Auguſt 11, the
ſame year; and died April 5, 1695.
JOHN HA U L E.
About this ſpot, on the pavement, are ſome
names to be met with, which are too conſiderable This man was a private foldier in the reign of
to paſs over unnoticed. The firſt is
Richard III. At the battle of Najara in Spain,
he, together with John Shakel his comrade, took
THOMAS PAR R.
the earl of Denne priſoner, who, under pretence
of raiſing money for his ranſom, obtained his li-
He was born in the county of Salop, in the berty, leaving his fon as ſurety in their hands,
year 1483, and lived in the reign of ten princes, || Upon their coming to England, the duke of Lan ,
viz. king Edward IV. Edward V. Richard III. caſter demanded him for the king ; but they rea
Henry VII. Henry VIII. Edward VI. queen fuſed to deliver him up without a ranſom, and
Mary, queen Elizabeth, king James, and king were therefore both committed to the Tower,
Charles. He died the 15th of November 1635, from whence eſcaping they took fanétuary in this
aged 152. A very ſingular circumſtance reſpect- | abbey. Sir Ralph Ferreris and Alan Buxal, the
ing this old man is, that at the age of 130, a prc one governor, the other captain of the Tower,
ſecution was entered againſt him in the ſpiritual with fifty more men, purſued them, and having
court for baſtardy, and with ſuch effect, that he by fair promiſes gained over Shakel, they at-
did penance publicly in the church for that of tempted to ſeize Haule by force, who made a
fence.
deſperate defence ; but being overpowered by
Not far from this lie the remains of that once numbers, was Nain Aug. II, 1378, in the choir
celebrated poet,
before the prior's ſtall, commending himſelf to
God the avenger of wrongs; and at the ſame
Sir WILLIAM DAVENANT. time a fervant of the abbey felt with him. Shakel
they threw into priſon, but afterwards he was ſee
This great man ſucceeded Ben Johnſon as poet at liberty, and the king and council of England
laureat to king Charles the firſt, but having loft || agreed to pay Shakel for the ranſom of his priſo-
his noſe by an accident, he became the ridicule ner 500 marks, and 100 marks per annum,
of the wits in the ſucceeding reign. His ſteadi Some years afterwards Shakel died, and was
neſs to the royal cauſe was ſingular. In 1641 he likewile buried here in 1396.
was forced to France on an accuſation of ſeducing Near Dryden's tomb, lie che remains of Fran-
the parliament army from their duty. In 1643 cis Beaumont, the dramatic writer, who died in
he was knighted for his bravery at the ſiege of London, in March 1615, and was buried here
Glouceſter; but the king's cauſe declining, he the 9th of the ſame month.
15
Having
Uu

170
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
his age.
Having now done with the pavement, and and on the aſcending ſides of the pediment are
paſſed the ſide of the choir, the firſt monument two female figures in a mournful poſture. The
which preſents itſelf is that of
whole is fupported by three different coats of fa-
mily arms, and on the baſe is an Engliſh inſcrip-
WILLIAM THYNNE, Efq; tion, ſetting forth her honourable deſcent from
the Norton's of Salop. She died October 17,
This ancient monument is of marble and ala 1697, in the twenty-firſt year of her age.
baſter: on it is a warrior at full length, repreſent-
ing William Thynne, of Botterville, eſq; who
J A. KENDALL, Eſq;
was a polite gentleman, a great traveller, and a
brave foldier. In 1546 he was by king Henry This monument is ſupported by a death's head,
VIII. made receiver of the marches, and fought and on the top is a cloſe helmet. The perſon to
againſt the Scots at Muffelburgh with undaunted whom it is inſcribed was choſen a member of the
courage. The latter part of his life he ſpent in laſt parliament of king James II, and ſerved in
retirement and devotion in this church, whither ſeveral parliaments afterwards in the reign of king
he conſtantly repaired morning and evening. He William, by whom he was made governor of
was brother to Sir John Thynne, ſecretary to the Barbadoes, and one of the commiſſioners for
duke of Somerſet. He died the 14th of March executing the office of lord high admiral. He
1584,
died the 10th of July, 1708, in the both year of
Sir THOMAS RICHARDSON.
THOMAS OWEN, Eſq;
On this monument, which is of black marble,
is an effigy in braſs of a judge in his robes, with There is a fine figure on this monument of a
a collar of S. S. repreſenting Sir Thomas Rich judge in his robes at full length, leaning on his
ardſon, knight, who, according to the inſcription, left arm, and over him an inſcription, fhewing
was ſpeaker of the Houſe of Commons in the that he was ſon to Richard Owen, by Mary,
twenty-firſt and twenty-ſecond years of king | daughter and heireſs to Thomas Ottly, of Shrop-
James; chief juſtice of the court of Common ſhire, eſq; that from his youth he had applied
pleas; and laſtly, by king Charles I. made lord himſelf to the ſtudy of the laws, and was firſt
chief juſtice of England. This is that judge || made ferjeant at law to queen Elizabeth, and af.
Richardſon, who firſt iſſued out an order againſt terwards a juſtice of the Common-pleas. He
the ancient cuſtomn of wakes, and ordered every died the 21ſt of December, in the year 1598.
.
miniſter to read it in his church; which the biſhop
of Bath and Wells oppoſing, complaint was made THOMAS THYNNE, Eſq;
againſt it, in the council-chamber, where the
judge was ſo ſeverely reprimanded, that he came This monument, which is eſteemed a fine piece
out, in a rage, ſaying, he had been almoſt choak of modern ſtatuary, was lately repaired and beau-
ed with a pair of lawn ſleeves. He died in 1634, tified at the expence of Thomas Thynne, late
lord viſcount Weymouth. The principal figure
is repreſented in a dying poſture, and at his feet
ELIZ. and JUDITH FREK E. a cherub weeping. Underneath on a table of
black marble in white letters, is this inſcription :
Theſe two ladies were not only an ornament, “ Thomas Thynne of Longleate, in Com. Wilts,
but a fine example for their ſex ; they were the eſq; who was barbarouſly murdered on Sun-
beſt of daughters, the beſt of wives, and the day the 12th of February, 1682." Upon the
beſt of mothers. The ſides of the monument pedeſtal in relief, the ſtory of the murder is de-
are adorned with their buſts in relief, and on the picted; which murder was conſpired by count
front of it is a long inſcription, ſetting forth their Koningſmarck, and excuted by three 'affaffins
deſcent and marriages. They were the daughters || hired for that purpoſe, who ſhot this unhappy
of Ralph Freke, of Hannington in Wilts, eſq; gentleman in Pall-Mall, in his own coach. The
Elizabeth was married to Percy Freke, of Weſt motive was, to obtain the rich heireſs of Nora
Belney in Norfolk, and died April 7, 1714, aged thumberland in marriage, who, in her infancy,
69, Judith married Robert Auſtin, of Tenterden had been betrothed to the earl of Ogle, but left
in Kent, and died May 19, 1716, aged 64. a widow before conſummation; and afterwards
married to Mr. Thynne, but being ſcarce fifteen,
Dame GRACE GET HIN. and her mother extremely tender of her, and
withal deſirous of her
having iſſue, prevailed up.
This lady, who was married to Sir Richard on her huſband to ſuffer her to travel another year
Gechin, of Gethin Grott, in Ireland, was famed before he bedded her, in which time ſhe became
for exemplary piety, and wrote a book of devo acquainted with Koningſmarck at the court of
tion, which Mr. Congreve complimented with a Hanover. Whether ſhe had ever given him any
poem. The monument, which is very lofty, bears countenance is uncertain, but having no hopes of
the effigy of a young lady devoutly kneeling, | obtaining her while her huſband was alive, he in
with a book in her right hand, and her left on this villainous manner accompliſhed his death ;
her breaſt; on each ſide is an angel, one hold but the lady deteſted the horrid deed, and ſoon
ing a crown, the other à chaplet over her head, after married the great duke of Somerſet.
JAMES
aged 66.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
171
L
JAMES Earl Stanhope.
concludes with a beautiful exclamation, what rea-
ſon mortals had to pride themſelves in the exiſta
This monument is ſtately and magnificent, the ence of ſuch and ſo great an ornament to the hu.
principal figure in which leans upon his arm in a man race! He was born December 5, 1642, and
cumbent poſture, holding in his right hand a ge died in the year 1726.
neral's ſtaff, and in his left a parchment ſcroll.
Before him ſtands a Cupid reſting himſelf upon Dame ELIZ. CARTERET.
a ſhield. Over a martial tent fits a beautiful
Pallas, holding in her right hand a javeline, and The figure of this lady is on the monument,
in the other a ſcroll. Behind is a ſlender pyramid, with a winged ſeraph deſcending to receive her,
anſwering to that of Sir Iſaac Newton's, and in both which are executed in a maſterly manner.
deed there is ſuch an affinity in the deſign as indi She was daughter of Sir Edward Carteret, knt.
cates the workmanſhip to be done by the ſame gentleman uſher of the black rod to king Charles,
maſter. On the middle of the pedeſtal are two and ſecond wife and relict of Sir Philip de Car-
medals, and on each ſide the pilaſters one: un teret, and by him mother to Sir Charles Carteret,
der the principal figure is a latin inſcription, fet her only fon, by whoſe death was extinguiſhed
ting forth the merits of this great man as a ſoldier, the eldeſt branch of the ancient family of the
a ſtateſman, and a fenator : In 1707 he concluded name of Carteret, figneurs of St, Owen, in the
an advantageous treaty with Spain ; and the ſame iſle of Jerſey. She died, aged 52, the 26th of
year was ſent ambaſſador to Charles III. In 1708
March, 1717.
he took Port Mahon. In 1710 he forced his
way to the gates of Madrid, and took poſſeſſion Sir THOMAS DU P P A.
of that capital. In September 1714 he was made
ſecretary at war. In 1715, being of the fecret On the top of this monument is an urn, and
committee, he impeached the duke of Ormond. the whole is beautifully ornamented with flowers
In December 1716 he was made ſecretary of ſtate. and foliage. The inſcription informs us, that in
In 1717 he was made firſt commiflioner of the bis youth he waited upon king Charles II. when
treaſury, and chancellor of the exchequer; and he was prince of Wales and under the tuition of
July following created a peer. In March 1718 Dr. Duppa. He was afterwards made a gentle-
he was a ſecond time made ſecretary of ſtate; and man-uſher and daily-waiter, and then gentleman
in 1721 he died, in the 47th year of his age. uſher of the black rod, in which office he died
April 25, 1694, in the 75th year of his age.
Sir IS A AC NEWTON.
ALMERICUE DE COURCY,
This is a moſt ſuperb and elegant monument.
Baron of Kinſale.
Şir Ifaac is ſculptured on it recumbent, leaning
his right arm on four folio's, thus titled, Divinity, Under a rich canopy finely ornamented and gild
Chronology, Opticks, and Phil: Prin: Math: is repreſented his lordſhip in full proportion re-
and pointing to the ſcroll ſupported by winged poſing himſelf after the fatigues of an active life.
cherubs: over him is a large globe, projecting The inſcription informs us, that he was defcend-
from a pyramid behind, whereon is delineated ed from the famous John de Courcy, earl of Ul-
the courſe of the comet in 1680, with the ſigns, ſter, (who in the reign of king John, in con-
conſtellations and planets. On this globe fits the fideration of his great valour, obtained that ex-
figure of Aſtronomy, with her book cloſed, and traordinary privilege to him and his heirs of being
in a very thoughtful, compoſed, and penſive covered before the king.) This nobleman was
mood. Underneath the principal figure is a moſt greatly in favour with king Charles II. and king
curious baſs relief, repreſenting the various la James II, under the latter of which he command-
bours in which Sir Iſaac chiefly employed his ed a troop of horſe. He died the 19th of Febru-
time : ſuch as diſcovering the cauſe of gravitation, ary, 1719, aged 57:
ſettling the principles of light and colours, and
reducing the coinage to a determined ſtandard. HENRY PURCELL, Efq;
The device of weighing the ſun by the ſteelyard
has been thought at once bold and ſtriking, and The workmanſhip of this monument, though
indeed the whole monument does honour to the ſmall, is very elegant. There is a ſhort but com-
ſculptor. The inſcription on the pedeſtal is in prehenſive epitaph on it, which runs thus :
latin, ſhort, but full of meaning, intimating, ** Here lies Henry Purcell, who left this life, and
that by a fpirit nearly divine, he ſolved, on " is gone to that bleſſed place, where only his
principles of his own, the motion and figure of “ harmony can be exceeded.” He died Novem-
the planets, the paths of the comets, and the ber 21, 1695, aged 37.
ebbing and flowing of the ſea ; that he diſcovered
the diffimilarity of the rays of light, and the HUGH CHAMBERLAIN, M. D. & F. R. S.
properties of colours from thence ariſing, which
none but himſelf had ever dreamt of; that he This monument is principally adorned with a
was a diligent, wife, and faithful interpreter of figure laying as it were at eaſe, on a tomb ſtone,
nature, antiquity, and the holy ſcriptures ; that leaning upon his right arm, with his hand upon
by his philoſophy he maintained the dignity of his night cap, and his head uncovered. In his left
the ſupreme Being; and by the purity of his life, hand he holds a book, indicating thereby his in-
the ſimplicity of the goſpel. The infcription tenſe application to ſtudy. On each ſide are the
emblems

172
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
emblems of phyſic and longevity; and over his
Member of parliament
head is Fame deſcending with a trumpet in one For the City and liberty of Weſtminſter.
hand, and in the other a wreath. On the top are He derived his deſcent from an ancient
weeping cherubs, and on the pedeſtal a long in-
Family of Ireland:
ſcription in latin, ſetting forth his vaſt knowledge His fame and honours from his virtues and
and induſtry in his profeſſion, his humanity in re-
Abilities.
lieving the ſick, and his connections and affinities How eminently thoſe were diſplayed,
in ſocial and private life. This gentleman was With what vigilance and ſpirit they were
famous for the improvements he made in mid-
exerted,
wifery, the practiſe of which, ſince his time, has In the various ſervices wherein he had the honour
been ſtudied to great advantage. He died June
to command,
17, 1728, aged 64.
And the happineſs to conquer,
Will be more properly recorded in the
Sir THOMAS HESKET.
Annals of
GREAT BRITAIN.
This is a fine old monument, on which lies On this tablet affection with truth muſt ſay,
the effigy of a gentleman at full length in a cufted That deſervedly eſteem'd in private life,
gown, and on the baſe underneath is a lady And univerſally renowned for his public
kneeling. Theſe appear, by the inſcription, to
Conduct,
repreſent Sir Thomas Heſket, attorney of the
The judicious and gallant officer
court of wards and liveries in the time of queen Poffeſſed of all the amiable qualities of the
Elizabeth; and Julian, his wife, who cauſed this
Friend,
monument to be erected. He died the 15th of
The gentleman and the chriftian:
October 1605.
But the Almighty,
Whom alone he feared, and whoſe gracious
Dame MARY JAMES.
Protection
He had often experienced,
This monument principally conſiſts of an urn Was pleaſed to remove him from a place of
wreathed and crowned with a viſcount's coronet
Honour
on a handſome pedeſtal. It appears by the in-
To an eternity of happineſs,
ſcription, that this lady was wife to Sir John
On the 29th Day of July, 1752,
James, of the ancient family of the lords of
In the 49th year of his age.
Hoftrick in Holland, and daughter to Sir Robert
Killegrew, vice-chamberlain to Mary, queen to
GRACE SCOT T.
king Charles the firſt. She died November 6,
1677
Adjoining to the pillar is a neat tablet, on
which is the following inſcription : “ Grace,
Sir GILBERT LORT.
“ eldeſt daughter of Sir Thomas Mauleverer of
" Allerton Maulerveer, in Yorkſhire, bart. born
This monument is inſcribed to the memory of 66 1622, married to colonel Scott, a member of
Sir Gilbert Lort, of Stackpole in Pembrokeſhire, " the Honourable Houſe of Commons, 1644,
bart. by his fifter Dame Elizabeth Campbell, « and died February 24, 1645.".
relict of Sir Alexander Campbell, of Colder in
Scotland, bart. Sir Gilbert died September 19, He that will give my Grace but what is hers,
1698, aged 28. She died September 28, 1714,
Muſt ſay her death has not
aged 49. The monument is chiefly ornamented
Made only her dear Scott,
with family arms and cherubs.
But virtue, worth, and ſweetneſs, widowers.
Sir PETER WARREN.
WILL. CA VENDISH, duke of
Newcaſtle.
This is a moſt ſuperb monument, conſiſting of
white marble, and executed by that great maſter This monument is a moſt beautiful piece of ar-
of his time, Rubiliac. Adjoining to the wall is | chitecture, and elegantly ornamented." In a cum-
a large flag hanging to the flagſtaff, and ſpreading bent poſture, on a double mat covered with a
in natural folds, behind the whole monument. rich canopy of ſtate, lie (according to the Engliſh
Before is a fine figure of Hercules placing Sir | inſcription) the loyal duke of Newcaſtle and his
Peter's buſt on its pedeſtal; and on the other ſide dutcheſs, his ſecond wife, by whom he had no
is a figure of Navigation with a laurel wreath in iſſue; her name was Margaret Lucas, youngeſt
her hand, gazing on the buſt with a look of me fifter to lord Lucas of Colcheſter, a noble family ;
lancholy mixed with admiration. Behind her for all the brothers were valiant, and all the fifters
a cornucopia pours out fruit, corn, the fleece, virtuous. This dutchefs was a wiſe, witty, and
&c. and by it is a cannon, an anchor, and other learned lady, which her many books do well teſ.
decorations. The following is the inſcription : tify : ſhe was a moſt virtuous and a loving careful
wife, and was with her lord all the time of his
Sacred to the memory of
baniſhment and miſeries; and when he came
Sir PETER WARREN,
home, never parted from him in his folitary re-
Knight of the Bath, vice-admiral of the red tirements. The latin inſcription farther informs
Squadron of the britiſh feet, and
us, he was a knight of the bath, and baron Ogle
in

HISTORY and SURV É r of LONDON. - 173
In the year
in right of his mother, viſcount Mansfield, and có married the lady Margaret, third daughter and
baron Cavendiſh of Boleſover, earl of Ogle, ear), “ heireſs to Henry Cavendiſh, duke of Newcaſtle;
marquis and duke of Newcaſtle upon Tyne, lord " by whom he left iſſue one only child, the lady
lieutenant of the counties of Nottingham and 56 Henrietta Cavendiſh Hollis Harley, who
Northumberland, firſt lord of the bedchamber “ cauſed this memorial of him to be erected in
to the king, guardian to prince Charles, privy 1723."
counſellor to the king, and knight of the moſt
noble order of the garter ; that for his fidelity to
Admiral VERNON.
the king he was m de captain-general of the forces
raiſed for his ſervice in the north, fought many The buſt of that gallant admiral is repréſented
battles, and generally came off victorious ; that
on a pedeſtal of beautiful marble, with a fine fi-
when the rebels prevailed (being one of the firſt
gure of Fame crowning him with laurels. The
deſigned a ſacrifice) he left his eſtate, and en-
monument is ſuperbly ornamented with naval tro-
dured a long exile; by his firſt wife Elizabeth, | phies, and under it is the following inſcription :
daughter and heir to William Baffet of Stafford-
Ahire, eſq; he had two fons and three daughters ; As a memorial of his own gratitude,
Charles, who died without ifſue, and Henry, heir and of the virtues of his benefactor,
to his honours; Jane, married to Charles Chey-
this monument was erected by his nephew
ney, of Chelham, Bucks; Elizabeth, to John
Francis lord Orwell,
earl of Bridgewater, and Frances, to Oliver earl
of Bolingbroke. He died December 27, 1676,
1763.
aged 84.
Sacred to the memory
of
JOHN HOLLIS, Duke of Newcaſtle.
EDWARD VERNON,
Admiral of the white ſquadron
The chief beauty of this monument conſiſts
of the Britiſh fleet:
in the deſign, though it is, perhaps, as lofty and
He was the ſecond ſon of James Vernon,
magnificent as any in the whole abbey. The
Who was ſecretary of ſtate to king William III.
principal figure on it reſts upon a ſepulchral mo-
and whoſe abilities and integrity
nument of darkiſh coloured marble, and repre-
ſents the noble perſon to whoſe memory it was
were equally conſpicuous.
In his youth he ſerved under the admirals Shovel and Rookes
erected, having in his right hand a generals By their example he learned to conquer,
ſtaff, and in his left hand a ducal coronet. On
By his own merit he roſe to command.
one ſide the baſe ſtands a ſtatue of Wiſdom, on In the war with Spain of M.DCC.XXXIX,
the other, of Sincerity. On the angles of the
he took the fort of Porto Bello
upper compartment ſit angels, and on the aſcend-
with fix ſhips,
ing ſides of the pediment ſit cherubs, one with A force which was thought unequal to the attempts
an hour-glaſs, alluding to the admeaſurement of
For this he received
man’s life by grains of fand; the other pointing the thanks of both houſes of parliament.
upwards, where life ſhall be no longer meaſured He fubdued Chagre, and at Carthagena
by duration. On the baſe of the monument is
conquered as far as naval force
the following inſcription :
could carry victory.
After theſe ſervices he retired
John Hollis, duke of Newcaſtle, marquis
without place or title,
" and earl of Clare, baron Houghton, of Hough-
from the exerciſe of public
ton, and knight companion of the moſt noble
to the enjoyment of private
« order of the garter, whoſe body is here depo-
virtue.
« fited under the ſame roof with many of his The teſtimony of a good conſcience
" noble anceſtors and relations, of the families
was his reward,
" of Vere, Cavendiſh, and Hollis, whoſe eminent The love and eſteem of all good men
« virtues he inherited ; and was particularly diſ-
tinguiſhed for his courage, love to his country, In battle, tho' calm he was active, and tho’intrepid prudent
" and conſtancy in friendſhip; which qualities ſucceſsful yet not oftentatious,
6 he exerted with great zeal and readineſs, when-
Aſcribing the glory
ever the cauſe of religion, his country, or
to God;
“ friends required him. In the reign of queen In the ſenate, he was diſintereſted, vigilant, and ſteady.
« Anne he filled with great capacity and honour
On the XXX, day of October, M,DCC,LVII,
of the ſeveral employments of lord-keeper of
he died as he had lived,
“ the privy-ſeal, and privy-counſellor, lord lieu-
the friend of man, the lover of his country,
66 tenant and cuſtos rotulorum of Middleſex and
the father of the poor
Nottingham, and of the county and the town
aged LXXIII.
“ of Nottingham, and of the eaſt and north
ridings of the county of York; lord chief Sir CHARLES WA GER.
juſtice in Eyre, north of Trent, and governor
ss of the town and fort of Kingſton upon Hull: The principal figure on this monument is,
" to all which titles and honours his perſonal || Fame holding a portrait of the admiral in relief,
" merit gave luſtre that needed not the addition ſupported by an infant Hercules. The embel-
« of the great wealth he poſſeſſed. He was born liſhments conſiſt of naval trophies, inſtruments
Jan. 9, 1661-2, and died July 15, 1711. He of war and navigation, &c. and on the baſe in
15
Xx
relief
his glory.

174
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Spaniſh galeons in 1708. The interpreking the which they obtained by his valour and prudent
conduct, cauſed this monument to be erected.
thus :
General GUES T.
To the memory of Sir CHARLES WAGER, Knt.
Admiral of the white, firſt commiſſioner of the admiralty,
and privy-counſellor :
A man of great natural talents,
Who bore the higheſt commands,
And paſſed through the greateſt employments,
With credit to himſelf, and honour to his country.
He was in private life
Humane, temperate, juſt, and bountiful :
In public ſtation,
Valiant, prudent, wiſe, and honeſt;
Eaſy of acceſs to all ;
Plain and unaffected in his manners,
Steady and reſolute in his conduct:
So remarkably happy in his preſence of mind,
that no danger ever diſcompoſed him ;
Eſteemed and favoured by his king;
Beloved and honoured by his country.
He died 24 May, 1743. Aged 77.
The buſt of this gentleman is of white marble,
on a baſe and pyramid of the moſt beautiful
Egyptian porphyry. It is ſo highly finiſhed that
nothing but a fine imagination can paint its va-
lue. The inſcription is as follows: “ Sacred to
" thoſe virtues that adorn a chriſtian and a fol-
c. dier, this marble perpetuates the memory of
“ lieutenant-general Joshua Gueſt, who cloſed
66 a ſervice of 60 years, by faithfully defending
Edingburgh-caſtle againſt the rebels, 1745."
Sir JOHN BALCHEN, Knt.
On the top of this monument, in the moſt
beautiful white marble, is a buſt of this great
admiral; under which, in relief, is the repre-
ſentation of a ſhip periſhing in a ſtorm. The
enrichments, arms, and trophies, are admirably
well executed ; and the inſcription, which is hil-
torical, runs thus :
Sir WILLIAM SANDERSON, Knt.
On a ſmall table of alabaſter adjoining to the « To the memory of Sir John Balchen, knt.
wall, is a buft of this gentleman, who, by the admiral of the white ſquadron of his majeſty's
inſcription, was of the bedchamber to king fleet in 1744, being ſent out commander in chief
Charles I. and wrote the lives of Mary queen of of the combined feets of England and Holland,
Scots, James and Charles I. that he ſuſtained to cruize on the enemy, was, on his return home
great hardſhips from the tyranny of the rebels, his majeſty's ſhip the Victory, loſt in the chan-
but that having bravely ſurmounted all difficul nel by a violent ſtorm, from which fad circum-
ties, he lived to the age of 90, and died July ftance of his death we may learn, that neither
15, 1676.
the greateſt ſkill
, judgment, or experience, joined
to the moſt firm unſhaken reſolution, can refift
CLEMENT SAUNDERS, Eſq; the fury of the winds and waves; and we are
taught from the paſſages of his life, which were
Adjoining to a pillar near the font is a fmall filled with great and gallant actions, but ever ac-
monument erected to the memory of the above companied with adverſe gales of fortune, that
gentleman, who was ſon to Sir William Saunders, the brave, the worthy, and the good man meets
knt. of the county of Northampton, and carver not always his reward in this world. Fifty-eight
in ordinary to king Charles II. king James II. years of faithful and painful ſervices he had paff-
and king William III. He died Auguſt 10, 1695, ed, when being juſt retired to the government of
in the 84th year of his age.
Greenwich-hoſpital to wear out the remainder of
his days, he was once more, and for the laſt time,
Admiral WATSON,
called out by his king and country, whoſe inter-
eft he ever prefered to his own, and his unwearied
This is a moſt beautiful and ſplendid monu zeal for their fervice ending only in his death;
ment. In the center of a range of palm-trees is which weighty misfortune to his afflicted family
repreſented an elegant figure of the admiral in became heightened by many aggravating circum-
Roman Toga, with a branch of palm in his right || ftances attending it, yet amidſt their grief had
hand, and is receiving the addreſs of a proſtrate | they the mournful confolation to find his gracious
figure repreſenting the genius of Calcutta, a place and royal maſter mixing his concern with the
that he relieved and retook from the nabob in general lamentations of the public, for the cala-
Jan. 1757, On the ſide is the figure in chains of mitous fate of fo zealous, fo valiant, and ſo able
a native of Chandernagore, another place taken a commander ; and as a laſting memorial of the
by the admiral the March following. On the fincere love and efteem borne by his widow, to a
front of the monument is the following inſcrip moſt affectionate and worthy huſband, this hono-
rary monument was erected by her. He was
born Feb. 2, 1669, married Suſannah, daughter
To the memory of CHARLES WATSON, of col. Apreece of Waſhingly in the county of
Vice-admiral of the white, commander in chief || Huntingdon. Died Oat. 7, 1744, leaving one
of his majeſty's naval forces in the Eaſt Indies, ſon and one daughter, the former of whom,
who died at Calcutta the 16th of Auguſt 1757. George Balchen, ſurvived him but a ſhort time ,
The EAST-INDIA Company,
for being ſent to the Weſt-Indies in 1745, com-
As a grateful teſtimony of the lignal advantages mander of his majeſty's ſhip the Pembroke, he
tion :
died

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
175
3
com-
died in Barbadoes in December the ſame year, tenant-general of his majeſty's armies, that he
aged 28, having walked in the ſteps, and imitated died January 1, 1741, aged 57; and that he was
the virtue and bravery of his good but unfortu ſon to Percey Kirk, eſq; lieutenant general in the
nate father.”
reign of king James II. by the lady Mary, daugh-
ter to George Howard, earl of Suffolk. Diana
Lord AUBREY BE A UCLER K.
Dormer, his niece, and ſole heireſs, died Feb. 22,
1743, in the 33d year of her age.
There is a beautiful buſt of this young noble-
man in a niche on a pyramid of dove coloured
RICHARD K A N E.
marble, and the whole monument is decorated
with arms, trophies, and naval enſigns. On the The moſt particular circumſtances attending
pedeſtal is the following hiſtorical infcription : this gentleman's life are inſcribed on a handſome
pedeſtal, over which is a beautiful buſt of white
« The lord Aubrey Beauclerk was the young marble. In 1689 he firſt appeared in a military
eſt ſon of Charles duke of St. Albans, by Diana, capacity at the memorable ſiege of Derry; and
daughter of Aubrey de Vere, earl of Oxford. after the reduction of Ireland followed king
He went early to ſea, and was made a William into Flanders, where he diſtinguiſhed
mander in 1731. In 1740 he was ſent upon himſelf, particularly by his intrepid behaviour at
that memorable expedition to Carthagena, un the fiege of Manure, where he was greatly
der the command of admiral Vernon, in his ma wounded. In 1702 he bore a commiſſion in the
jeſty's ſhip the prince Frederick, which with three ſervice of queen Anne, and aſſiſted in the expe-
others was ordered to cannonade the caſtle of dition to Canada; from whence he again return-
Bocca Chica. One of theſe being obliged to ed into Flanders, and fought under the duke of
quit her ſtation, the prince Frederick was ex Argyle and Greenwich, and afterwards under lord
poſed not only to the fire from the caſtle, bui to Carpenter. In 1712 he was made ſub-governor of
that of Fort St. Joſeph, and to two ſhips that Minorca, through which iſland he cauſed a road
guarded the mouth of the harbour, which he to be made, which had been thought impractica-
fuftained for many hours that day, and part of ble. In 1720 he was ordered by king George I.
the next, with uncommon intrepidity. As he to the defence of Gibraltar, where he ſuſtained an
was giving his command upon deck, both his eight months ſiege againſt the Spaniards, when
legs were ſhot off; but ſuch was his, magnani all hope of relief was extinguiſhed. King George
mity, that he would not ſuffer his wounds to be II. afterwards rewarded him with the government
dreifed, till he had communicated his orders to of Minorca, where he died December 19, 1736.
the firſt lieutenant, which were, to fight his ſhip
to the laſt extremity. Soon after this he gave S A M. BRADFORD. S. T. P.
fome directions about his privat e affairs, and then
s!
reſigned his ſoul with the dignity of a hero and This monument was erected to the memory of
chriſtian. Thus was he taken off in the 31ſt | biſhop Bradford; on it is a long latin inſcription
year of his age, an illuſtrio'as commander of ſu alnioft unintelligible, and ſurrounded with the
perior fortitude and cleinency, amiable in his arms and proper enſigns of his ſeveral dignities.
perſon, ſteady in his affections, and equalled by He was fonie cime rector of St. Mary-le-Bow;
few in the focial and domeſtic virtues of polite and from thence advanced to the fee of Carliſle,
nefs, modefty, candour and benevolence. He and afterwards tranſlated to that of Rocheſter,
married the widow of col. Francis Alexander, a with the deanery of this church, and that of the
daughter of Sir Henry Newton, knt, envoy ex honourable order of the Bath annexed. He died
traordinary to the court: of Florence and the re-
May 14, 1731, aged 79.
public of Genoa, and judge of the high court of
admiralty."
Dr. BOULTER, biſhop of Armagh.
Over the inſcription is this epitaph:
This monument is of the fineſt marble, and
Whilft Britain boaſts her empire o’er the deep, after a new invented poliſh; and the buſt is ſaid to
This marble ſhall conspel the brave to weep; be a cloſe copy of the original. The enſigns of
As men, as Britons, and as foldiers mourn, his dignity, wherewith it is ornamented, are moſt
'Tis dauntleſs, loyal, virtuous Beauclerk's urn. exquiſitely fine. The inſcription is incloſed in a
Sweet were his manners, as his ſoul was great, beautiful border of porphyry, and is as follows:
And ripe his worth, tho' immature his fate; “ Dr. Hugh Boulter, lare archbiſhop of Armagh,
Each tender grace that joy and love inſpires, ** primate of all Ireland ; a prelate ſo emi-
Living, he mingled with his martial fires ;
nent for the accompliſhments of his mind, the
Dying, he bid Brii cannia’s thunder roar ;
" purity of his heart, and the excellence of his
And Spain ſtill felt him, when he breath'd no more. “ life, that it may be thought ſuperfluous to fpe-
“ cify his titles, recount his virtues, or even
PERCEY KIRK, Eſq;
“ erect a monument to his fame. His titles he
not only deferved, but adorned ; his virtues are
A beautiful breſt of this gentleman is repreſent 66 manifeft in his good works, which had never
ed, on each ſide of which is a winged ſeraph; the “ dazzled the public eye, if they had not been
one having a daç gger in his right-hand inverted, “ coo bright to be concealed ; and as to his fame,
and on his left a, helmet ; the other reſting on a «s whoſoever has any ſenſe of merit, any reverence
ball, and holding in his left-hand a torch reverſed. " for piety, any paſſion for his country, or any
It appears, by the inſcription, that he was lieu “ charity for mankind, will aſſiſt in preſerving ic
66 fair

176
HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON
:
“ fair and ſpotleſs, that when braſs and marble active, induſtrious: as a ſkilful ſeaman, he was
« ſhall mix with the duft they cover, every ſuc cool, intrepid, and reſolute. In the ſignal victory
ceeding age may have the benefit of his il obtained over the French; May 3, 1747, he was
“ luſtrious example. He was born Jan. 4, 1671; | captain of the ſhip which carried Sir Peter War-
was conſecrated biſhop of Briſtol, 1718; tran ren; and acquired peculiar honour even on that
“ Nated to the archbiſhopric of Armagh, 1723; day of general glory. In the leſs ſucceſsful en-
" and from thence to Heaven, Sep. 27, 1742." gagement near Minorca, May 20, 1756, where-
in, as rear-admiral, he commanded the ſecond
PHILIP DE SAUMAREZ, Eſq; || diviſion, his diſtinguiſhed courage and animating
example were admired by the whole Britiſh ſqua-
In gratitude and affection to the above gentle- || dron; confeſſed by that of France; and rewarded
man was this monument erected by his brothers by the warmeſt applauſes of his country, and the
and fifters. He was in the ſervice of the navy | juſt approbation of his ſovereign. On the 17th
twenty one years, in which time he underwent of November following he was appointed one of
many great dangers and difficulties. In his ma the lords commiſſioners of the admiralty, and
jeſty's ſhip the Centurion, he went out a lieute adorned his ſtation by a modeſty which concealed
nant under the auſpicious conduct of commodore from him his own merit; and a candor which
Anſon in his expedition to the South-ſeas, of which diſpoſed him to reward that of others. To the
ſhip he was commanding officer when ſhe was frank and generous ſpirit of an officer, he added
driven from her moorings at the iſle of Tinian. the eaſe and politeneſs of a gentleman; and with
In the year 1746, being captain of the Norting the moral and ſocial virtues of a good man, he
ham, a 60 gun ſhip, he, then alone, attacked exerciſed the duties of a chriſtian. He died in
and took the mars, a French ſhip of 64 guns. In the year 1737, aged 43.
the firſt engagement of the following year, when
admiral Anſon defeated and took a ſquadron of RICHARD LE NEVE, Eſq;
French men of war and Indiamen, he had an
honourable ſhare, and in the ſecond under admi The arms of this gentleman are placed on the
ral Hawke, when the enemy after a long and top of a yery heavy deſign, adorned with inſtru-
obftinate reſiſtance, was again routed; in purſu ments of war. It appears by the inſcription, that
ing two ſhips that were making their eſcape, he being made commander of his majeſty's ſhip the
gloriouſly but unfortunately fell. He was the ſon Edgar, he was unfortunately killed in a ſharp en-
of Matthew de Saumarez, of the iſland of Guern gagement with the Hollanders, Auguſt 11, 1673,
ſey, efq; by Ann Durell, of the iſland of Jerſey, in the 28th year of his age.
his wife. He was born November 17, 1710;
Adjoining to this is a beautiful monument
killed October 14, 1747, and buried in the old lately erected to the memory of
church at Plymouth.
Sir EDMUND PRIDE AU X.
JOHN BLOW, doctor in muſic.
It has a long inſcription which runs thus :
This gentleman was organiſt, compoſer, and ~ Near this monument, in one grave, in the mid-
maſter of the children, in the chapel royal 25 dle ide, are depoſited the remains of Sir Edmund
years; he was ſcholar to Dr. Chriſtopher Gib Prideaux, of Netherton, in the county of Devon,
bons ; and maſter to the famous Mr. Purcell, and bart, and dame Ann his wife. He departed this
to moſt of the eminent maſters of his time. Un- || life, Feb. 26, 1728, in the 55th year of his age;
der the tomb is a canon in four parts ſet to muſic, and ſhe the 10th of May 1741, aged 55 years.
and adorned with cherubs and flowers. He died Sir Edmund married firſt Mary, daughter of Sa-
O&tober 1, 1708, aged 60.
muel Reynardſon, eſq; by whom he had iſſue
Mary, married to James Winſtanley, eſg; after-
WILLIAM CROFT.
wards he married the abovementioned Ann,
daughter of Philip Hawkins, of Pennans in the
In baſs relief, on the pedeſtal of this monu county of Cornwall, gent. They had iſſue, one
ment, is an organ, and on the top a handſome ſon named Peter, who died in his infancy, and
buſt of the deceaſed, who was a doctor in muſic, one daughter Ann, married to John Pen-
maſter of the children, and organiſt and compoſer darves Baſſet, of Tehiddy, in the county of
of the chapel royal, and organiſt of this abbey. Cornwall, eſq; who, ſurviving her father and mo-
He died Auguſt 14, 1727, in the 50th year of ther, cauſed this monument to be erected to
their memory.”
his age.
TEMPLE WEST, Efq;
CHARLES WILLIAMS Eſq;
To preſerve to poſterity the fame and example This monument is ſupported by a death's head
of fo valuable a man, this monument was erected on the wings of Time, and the ſcroll-work and
by his lady in the year 1761. In the moſt early
In the moſt early || ſcolloping is very curious. The inſcription ſays,
part of his life he dedicated his time to the naval that he was of a Caerleon in Monmouthſhire, a
ſervice of his country, and by his courage and in ſtrenuous defender of the church, and a good
tegrity, ſoon advanced himſelf to the rank of and generous man. He died Aug. 29, 1720.
vice-admiral of the white. He was fagacious, | aged 87.
Dr.

HISTORY and SURVEY OF LONDON.
177
Dr. PETER HEYLIN.
EDWARD DE CARTERET.
On the top of this monument is a pediment,
The ornaments of this neat monument are
and the arms of the above gentleman ſculped ; cherubs, with feftoons of leaves and fruit finely
on the baſe the ſame arms with that of his lady, emboffed. The child to whoſe name it is infcrib-
quarrerly. It has a long latin inſcription, import ed was ſon to Sir Edward de Carteret, gentleman
ing, that he was born at Burford in Oxfordſhire, uſher to king Charles II. and died October 30,
November 29, 1559; educated at Hart-hall, 1677, in the 8th year of his age.
Oxon; was fellow of Magdalen, and recom-
mended to Laud when biſhop of Bath and Wells.
He was firſt chaplain to the earl of Danby, then PHILIPCARTERET.
to the king. In 1631 he was made prebendary of
Weſtminſter, to the great mortification of Dean Over the monument is the buſt of this noble
Williams, and had the rich parſonage of Hough- youth, who was fon to lord George Carteret, and
ton-in-the-fpring, Durham, conferred upon him. died a king's ſcholar at Weſtminſter, March 19,
He was afterwards rector of fouth Warnborough 1710, aged 19. Here is a moſt beautiful figure
in Hants, and a juſtice of peace for that county. of Time, ſtanding on an altar, and holding a
In 1642 he was clerk to the convocation, and ſcroll in his hand, whereon is written in ſaphic
proſecuted by Willianis, Prynne, and others, verſe, lines to the following import, which he is
who forced him to retire to Oxford, where he ſuppoſed to be repeating :
wrote Mercurius Aulicus. In 1643 he was fe-
queſtered by parliament, his valuable library ſold, Why flow the mornful muſe's tear,
and he forced to Ay for fear of Maring the ſame For thee! cut down in life's full prime?
face with his patron Laud. Being betrayed at Win Why ſighs, for thee, the parent dear;
cheſter, he eſcaped in diſguiſe, and turned far Crop'd by the ſcythe of hoary Time ?
mer at Minſter Lovel, Oxfordſhire, where he
wrote his geography. On the reſtoration he was Lo! this my boys the common lot!
reinſtated in his former preferments, but never To me thy memory entruſt;
roſe higher than ſub-dean of this church. He When all that's dear ſhall be forgot,
was remarkable for his ſtrength of memory, ſolid l'll guard thy venerable duft.
judgment, and great elocution ; but being of a
fiery temper and undaunted courage, he was From age to age as I proclaim 03
equally hated by papiſts and puritans. He died Thy learning, piety, and truth;
May 8, 1662, in the 63d year of his age.
Thy great example ſhall enflame,
And emulation raiſe in youth.
ROBERT, Lord CONSTABLE.
HENRY PRIESTM AN.
The compoſition of this monument is a beau-
tiful piece of architecture, ornamented with a
cherub below, and the family arms and creſt on
the top. In the front is the following inſcrip-
« tion: “ near this lies the right hon. Robert
“ Lord Conſtable, viſcount Dunbar, who de-
parted this life November 23, 1714, in the
64th year of his age. Alſo bis ſecond wife, the
ght hon. Dorothy Brudenel, counteſs of
sa Weſtmoreland, who departed this life Jan. 26,
1739, aged 91."
66
56
On this monument is a fine medallion ſuſpend.
ed by a knot of ribbons, faſtened to a pyramid of
various colour'd marble, with the words Henry
Prieſtman, eſquire, round the head. Under
which are naval trophies and fea inſtruments molt
beautifully ſculped; and on the baſe is an inſcrip-
tion, ſhewing that the perſon to whoſe memory
this monument is erected, was commander in
chief of a ſquadron of ſhips of war in che reign
of king Charles II. a commiſlioner of the navy,
and one of the commiſſioners for executing the
office of lord high-admiral of England, in the
reign of king William III. He died Auguſt 20,
1712, in the 65th year of his age.
THO. LEVINGSTON, viſcount Teviot.
JOHN BAKER, Efq;
This monument is principally decorated with
the arms, ſupporters, and creſt of the above no-
bleman : on the top are military trophies, allud-
ing to his profeſſion as a ſoldier. In the front is a
long latin inſcription, informing us that he was
born in Holland, but deſcended from the Le-
vington's in Scotland ; that from his childhood
he was trained to arms; that he attended the
prince of Orange into Britain, as a colonel of
foot; that he roſe to the rank of a lieutenant-
general in the army, and general of the Scotch
forces, was made maſter of the ordnance and
privy-counſellor; that he ſecured Scotland to the
king, by one deciſive action on the Spey, for
which he was advanced to the dignity of viſ-
count; and that he died January 14, 1710,
This is a roftral column of curiouſly veined mara
ble, enriched with the prows of galleys, a Me-
duſa's head and other naval and military trophies :
under which is the following ſhort epitaph : “ To
as the memory of John Baker, efq; vice-admiral
“ of the white ſquadron of the Britiſh feet, who,
66 when he commanded in the Mediterranean,
os died at Port. Mahon, November 10, 1716,
aged 56. He was a brave, judicious, and ex-
“ perienced officer; a ſincere friend, and a true
" lover of his country. Manet poft Funera
CG Virtus.'
Y y
GILBERT
66
aged 60.
15

178
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
GILBERT THORNBOROUGH, Eſq;
Mrs. MARY BEAUFOY,
To the memory of an honeſt courtier, who was
faithful to his God, his prince, and his friends,
was this monument erected. He died the 6th
of October, 1677, aged 56.
RICHARD MEAD, M. D.
This gentleman was of an ancient family, in
the county of Bucks, phyſician in ordinary to
his majeſty, fellow of the royal college of phy-
ſicians, and of the royal ſociety, London; a
great promoter of the Foundling Hoſpital, and
well known to the world by his learned writings.
He died the 14th of March, 1754, in the 71ſt.
year of his age.
The principle figure on this monument is re-
preſented in a devout poſture, wich cherubs
crowning her: on each ſide are Cupid's lament-
ing the only decay of Virgin Beauty. And un-
derneath the arms of her family quarterly upheld
by cherubs. On the baſe is the following infcrip-
tion: “ Reader! whoever thou art, let the ſight
“ of this tomb imprint in thy mind, that young
" and old, without diſtinction, leave this world;
and therefore fail not to ſecure the next.” She
was only daughter and heireſs to Sir Henry Beau-
foy of Guyfcliffe near Warwick, by the hon.
Charlotte Lane, eldeſt daughter of George lord
viſcount Lanſborough, and died the 12th of
July, 1705.
ROB. and RICH. CHOLMONDELEY.
ROBERT KILLEGRE W.
On this monument is a latin inſcription, ſigni-
fying, that the ſecond and fourth ſons of Robert
viſcount Cholmondeley lie here interred ; Robert
was a king's ſcholar, and died the 14th of Fe-
bruary 1678, aged 14; Richard, June 9, 1680.
The fingularity of this piece of ſculpture
ariſes from its being cut out of one ſtone. The
embelliſhments are diſtinct and very pictureſque;
and the inſcription modeſt and ſoldier like: “ Ro-
« bert Killegrew of Arwenack in Cornwall, eſq;
« ſon of Thomas and Charlotte ; page of ho-
nour to king Charles II. brigadier-general of
“ her majeſty's forces, killed in Spain in the bat-
" tle of Almanza, April 14. 1707, æratis fuæ
47. Millitavi annis 24;" that is, he fought for
his country 24 years.
EDWARD MANSELL.
This monument is inſcribed to the above gen-
tleman, who was eldeſt ſon of Sir Edward Man-
ſell, of Margan in .Glamorganſhire, bart. He
died June 20, 1681, aged 15.
EDWARD HERBERT, Eſq;
Col. J A MES BRINGFIELD.
On a tablet of white marble, adjoining to This gentleman was born at Abingdon in
a pillar, is a long inſcription in Engliſh, de Berks, was equery to prince George of Denmark,
ſcribing the deſcent of this gentleman, who is and aid de camp to the great duke of Marlbo-,
buried in a coffin of lead at the feet of the pillar || rough: he was killed by a cannon ball as he was
to which it is fixed. He was lineally deſcended renounting his general on a French horſe ac thé
from Sir George Herbert, of Swanzey, in Gla battle of Ramilies, May 12, 1706, and was
morganſhire, firſt ſheriff of that county after the interred at Barecham, in the province of Brabant,
union of the principality of Wales, in 1542. He in the 57th year of his age. The monument is
died September 18, 1715, aged 23.
ornamented with military trophies, cherubs, &c.
and ſurrounded by a mantling encloſing a tablet,
THO. MANSEL, and W. MORGAN. on which is written the deceaſed's military prefer-
ments, the manner of his death and burial, and
This monument is double, being two oval ta praiſes of his piety and virtue.
bles between three wreathed pillars, neatly orna.
mented and inſcribed; the firſt to the memory of
Thomas Manſel, eldeſt ſon of Buffy Manſel, of HENE A GE TWISDEN.
Britten Ferry, in Glamorganſhire, who died De-
cember 13, 1684, aged 38. The other, to Wil The architecture of this monument is plain,
liam Morgan, of Tredegar, in Monmouthſhire, but very neat. It was erected to the memory of
who died Feb. 1, 1683, in the nineteenth year of a young hero, who fell in the battle of Blairgnes
in Hainault, while he was aid de camp to John
duke of Argyle, who commanded the right wing
Mrs. J ANE STOVEVILLE. of the confederate army. He was ſeventh fon to
Sir William Twiſden, bart. and a youth of the
This lady is here repreſented on a pedeſtal in greateſt expectations, had not the fortune of war
the ancient dreſs of her time : ſhe appears, by the put an early ſtop to his riſing merit, in the 29th
inſcription, to have been daughter to Thomas year of his age, 1709. Near this are ſmall mo-
Stoveville, of Brinkley, in Cambridgeſhire, and numents to the memory of two of his brothers,
wife firſt to Edward Ellis, of Cheſterton, and Joſiah and John; Joſiah was a captain at the fiege
then to Othowell Hill, doctor of civil laws, and of Agremont, near Lille in Flanders, and killed
chancellor of the dioceſe of Lincoln, whoſe widow by a cannon ſhot in 1708, aged 23. John was a
ſhe died April 27, 1631, in the 78th year of her lieutenant in the admiral's ſhip under Sir Cloudeſly
age.
Shovel, and periſhed with him 1707, aged 24.
his age.
Ove

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
179
of his age.
66
22
Over this is a ſmall monunvent erected to the the above gentleman's ſon by his ſecond wife,
memory of
Elizabeth, daughter to Henry Murray, eſq; one
of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to king
WILLIAM LEVINZ, Eſq; Charles I. He died April 13, 1687, in the 9th
year
It refembles a ſarcophagus, and on the front of
ic is the following inſcription : “ To the memory
PENELOPE E GERT O N.
“ of William Levinz, eſq; grandſon of Sir Creſ-
s6 well Levinz, knt. who was attorney-general There is nothing remarkable in this monument
" in the reign of king Charles II. and afterwards more than the inſcription, which informs us, that
one of the juſtices of the Common pleas, from this lady for whom it was erected was daughter
“ which ſtation he was diſplaced in the reign of to Robert lord Needham, viſcount Kilmurry, and
king James II. for oppoſing the diſpenſing wife to Randolph Egerton, of Betley, in Cheſhire,
power; and was one of the council for the fe an eminent loyaliſt, major-general of horſe to
“ ven biſhops. William Levinz, eſq; the ſon of king Charles I. and lieutenant-colonel to king
" Sir Creſwell, repreſented the county of Not Charles the ſecond's own troop of guards. She
tingham in parliament, as did his ſon William died in child-bed April 19, 1670.
" Levinz, efq; till the year 1747, when he was
“ appointed a commiſſioner of his majeſty's cuſ. Sir GODFREY KNELLER, knt. and bart,
toms, and in the year 1763, receiver general
" of the ſaid revenue, in which office he died On this monument is a buſt of the above gen-
upon the 17th of Auguſt 1765, aged 52 years.” tleman under a canopy of ſtate, the curtains of
which are finely gilt and tied up with golden
JOHN WOOD WARD, M. D. ſtrings; and on each fide the buſt is a weeping
cherub, one refting on a framed picture, the
The figures on this monument are well exe other holding a painter's pallet and pencils. On
cuted. The head of the deceaſed (who was pro the pedeſtal is a latin inſcription, ſewing, that
feſſor of phyſic in Greſham College) in profile is Sir Godfrey Kneller, knt, who lies interred here,
very maſterly, and the lady that holds it inimita was painter to king Charles II. king James II.
ble. The inſcription, which is ſmall, ſeems to and 'king William III. queen Anne, and king
be a panegyric on thoſe great parts and learning George I. born in 1646, died 1723, aged 776
that entitled him to the diſtinction he received. He was knighted March 3, 1691, and created a
He died in May 1728, aged 63.
baronet, May 24, 1715. Among his moſt ex-
cellent works are the beauties of the court of king
M A R T H A PRICE.
Charles II. now to be ſeen at Hampton-court.
This monument was deſigned by Sir Godfrey
The enrichments of this monument are fruit, himſelf. Underneath is the following epitaph
flowers, and foliage ; and the inſcription ſays, written by Mr. Pope :
that ſhe was wife to Gervaſe Price, eſq; who ſerv-
ed king Charles II. in the double capacity of ſer. Kneller! by heav'ıı and not a maſter taught !
jeant-trumpeter, and gentleman of the bows. Whoſe art was nature and whoſe picture thought;
She died April 7, 1678, aged 37.
Now for two ages having ſnatch'd from fate
Whate'er was beauteous or whate'er was great,
ANNE, counteſs dowager of Clanrikard. Reſts crown'd with princes honours, poets lays,
Due to his merit, and brave thirſt of praiſe.
The carving on this monument is beautiful, and Living, great nature feared he might outvie
the effigy of the lady reſting on a tomb admira Her works; and dying, fears herſelf may die.
bly well executed. The inſcription is as follows:
WILLIAM HORNECK, Eſq;
" Here lies the right honourable Anne, coun-
66 teſs dowager of Clanrickard, eldeſt daughter The embelliſhments of this monument conſiſt
" of John Smith, eſq; who is interred near this in books, plans, and inſtruments of fortification,
“ place. She married firſt Hugh Parker, eſq; alluding to the employment of the deceaſed. He
« eldeſt ſon of Sir Henry Parker of Honnington, was chief engineer to the royal train, and, ac-
" in the county of Warwick, baronet ; by whom cording to the inſcription, learned the art of war
« ſhe had the preſent Sir Henry John Parker, under the great duke of Marlborough. He died
“ baronet, three other ſons and three daughters. the 23d of April 1746, in the 62d year of his
« By her ſecond huſband Michael Clanrikard, of age.
« the kingdom of Ireland, the head of the an-
“ cient and noble family of the Burkes, ſhe had JOHN CONDUIT, Eſq;
« Smith now earl of Clanrikard, and two daugh-
ters, lady Anne, and lady Mary. The above This monument is little inferior to that of Sir
ss ſaid countefs died on the 14th of Jan. 1732, Thomas Hardy, knt, and by the manner of the
" in the 49th year of her age.
workmanſhip, they appear both to have been ex-
ecuted by the ſame hand. In the middle of the
J A M ES E GERT O N. pyramid is a large medallion of braſs, reſting on
a cherub below ; and ſuſpended by another ac
This monument was erected to the memory of
top:
22

180
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
top. Round the medal is a latin inſcription, the At home, in the reign of that excellent prince king George I.
Engliſh of which is thus :
He ſerved his country always,
At court independent,
JOHN CONDUIT, MASTER OF THE Mint.
In the ſenate unbias'd,
At every age and in every ſtation:
This gentleman ſucceeded his relation, Sir
This was the bent of his generous foul,
Iſaac Newton, in that office, and deſired to be
This the buſineſs of his laborious life.
buried near him, as appears by a long latin in-
Public men, and public things,
fcription on the baſe. He died May 23, 1727,
He judged by one conſtant ſtandard,
aged 49. Catharine his wife died January 20,
The true intereſt of Britain;
1739, aged 59, and lies interred in the ſame comb. He made no other diſtinction of party,
Having now given a deſcription of all the
He abhorred all other ;
monuments within this antique building, and
Gentle, humane, diſintereſted, beneficent,
brought the reader back to the place from
He created no enemies on his own account:
whence we firſt led him, we ſhall croſs the ille,
Firm, determin’d, inflexible,
He feared none he could create in the cauſe of Britain.
and proceed to give a deſcription of ſuch as are
material
Reader,
In the Cloiſters.
In this misfortune of thy country lament thy own.
For know,
At the bottom of the ſouth-walk, on the
The loſs of ſo much private virtue
right hand, lie the remains of four abbots, dif-
Is a public calamity.
tinguiſhed in the pavement by four ſtones,
The firſt is of black marble, called Long Meg,
Adjoining to the abbey wall, near the eaſt-end
from its extraordinary length of eleven feet, eight
of the north walk, is an epitaph inſcribed to the
inches, and covers the aſhes of Gervaſius de
memory of the reverend William Laurence. As
Blois, natural ſon to king Stephen, who died in
it is ſomewhat fingular we ſhall here recite it:
1666.
The ſecond is a raiſed ſtone of Suſſex marble,
With diligence and truſt moſt exemplary,
Did William Laurence ſerve a prebendary ;
under which lies interred the abbot Laurentius,
who died in 1176, and is ſaid to have been the
And for his pains, now paſt, before not loſt,
Gain'd this remembrance at his maſter's coſt.
firſt who obtained from pope Alexander III. the
privilege of uſing the mitre, ring, and globe.
O! read theſe lines again, you feldom find
A fervant faithful and his maſter kind.
The third is a ſtone of grey marble, to the
memory of Geſlebertus Criſpinus, who died in
Short-hand he wrote, his flower in prime did fade,
And haſty death ſhort-hand of him hath made.
the year 1114. His effigy may be ſtill traced on
his grave ſtone by the fragments of his mitre and
Well courh he numbers, and well meaſure land,
paſtoral ſtaff.
Thus doth he now that ground whereon we ſtand,
The fourth is the moſt ancient of all, and was
Wherein he lies ſo geometrical ;
formerly covered with plates of braſs inſcribed
Art maketh ſome, but thus will nature all.
to the abbot Vitales, who died in 1082. All
Ob. Dec. 28, 1621, Ætat. 29.
thefe ſeem to have had their names and dates cut
afreſh, and are indeed fragments worthy pre-
In the centre of the eaſt walk, adjoining to the
fervation.
wall, is a monument lately erected to the
memory of George Wallh, eſq; on which is the
Directly oppoſite theſe againſt the wall, at the following inſcription: “near this place are depo-
bottom of the eaſt walk, is the following inſcrip-
“ fited the remains of George Wallh, eſq; late
tion, which for the purity of the diction, and the
" lieutenant-general of his majeſty's forces, and
propriety and elegance of the compoſition, ex “ colonel of the 49th regiment of foot, who
ceeds every other in the whole arch.
“ died October 23, 1761, aged 73.
Reader,
" The toils of life and pangs of death are o'er,
If thou art a Briton,
“ And care and pain and ſickneſs are no more.
Behold this tomb with reverence and regret;
Here lieth the remains of
There are many other monuments in theſe
DANIEL PULTENEY,
walks; but as they have not any thing particular
The kindeſt relation, the trueſt friend, to diſtinguiſh them, and would be tedious to the
The warmeſt patriot, the worthieſt man;
reader, we ſhall paſs them over; and, after re-
He exerciſed virtue in this age,
citing a ſingular circumſtance, which was omitted
Sufficient to have diſtinguith’d him even in the beſt. in its proper place, ſhall proceed to the next
Sagacious by nature,
chapter
Induſtrious by habit,
In Henry the VIIth's chapel, on the right hand
Inquiſitive with Art;
is a ſmall place encloſed, called the duke of
He gain'd a compleat knowledge of the ſtate of Britain ; Richmond's chapel, in which are two coffins : the
Foreign and domeftic.
one contains the remains of the envoy of Savoy ;
In moſt the backward fruit of tedious experience,
the other thoſe of the ambaſſador from the court of
In him the early acquiſition of undiſſipated youth. Spain, both of whom was never interred, owing
He ſerved the court ſeveral years :
to their corpſe being arreſted by their creditors in
Abroad, in the auſpicious reign of queen Anne, the time of king James the firſt.
CHAP

HISTORÏ and SURVEY of LONDON.
181
CH A P T E R XXVIII.
Farther incorporation of the Taylors. Great fire on London-bridge. Expence of the cltý
charters being confirmed. Henry VIIth's charter againſt foreigners buying goods to ſell.
He diſcharges a number of priſoners for debt. His death. Acceffion of Henry VIII. to
the throne. Execution of Empſon and Dudley. Parade of the city watch. King and
queen attend to ſee the proceſſion. Sir William Fitzwilliam disfranchiſed. Moorfields le-
velled, and bridges erected. Empannelling city juries. Incloſures deſtroyed by rioters.
Remarkable great frof. Celebration of May-day. Occaſion of its being afterwards called
Evil-May-day. Great diſturbances. Many of the rioters condemned, but only one executed.
Citizens addreſs the king. Upwards of four hundred priſoners brought before the king in
Weſtminſter-ball. At the inſtigation of the nobility they are pardoned.
I
N the year 1503, the company of Taylors
having very conſiderably increaſed, purchaſed
a charter of the king, by which they obtained
the title of Merchant-Taylors of the city of Lon-
don.
On the twenty-firſt of November, the fame
year, a dreadful fire broke out at the north-end of
London bridge, which made great devaftation ;
and on the ſeventh of January following, many
houſes were burnt down in Thames-ſtreet.
In the year 1505 the citizens complimented the
king with five thouſand marks as an acknowledg-
ment for his granting them the confirmation of
their liberties. Great care was taken in this act
to prevent encroachments being made by foreign-
ers on the franchiſes and cuſtoms of the city.
This charter of Henry VII. which is dated the
twenty-third of July 1505, contains, among many
other particulars, the following:
" That of all time of which the memory of
man is not to the contrary, for the common-
“ wealth of the realm and city aforeſaid, it hath
“ been uſed, and by authority of parliament ap-
proved and confirmed, that no ſtranger, from
so the liberty of the city, may buy or ſell from
any ftranger from the liberties of the faid city,
any merchandize or wares within the liberties
" of the ſame city; upon forfeiture of the fame.
The ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens,
s6 and their predeceffors, by all the time afore-
" ſaid, have had and received, and have been
« accuſtomed to receive, perceive, and have, to
" the uſe of the ſame mayor, commonalty, and
« citizens, all and all manner of merchandizes
se and wares bought and fold within the liberties
ce of the ſame city as aforeſaid, and forfeitures
os of the ſame merchandizes and wares, until of
“ late paſt time they were troubled or moleſted :
“ the ſame lord Henry the VIIth, by his letters
patent as aforeſaid, for pacifying and taking
away from henceforth controverſies and ambi-
« guities in that behalf, and to fortify, and by
• expreſs words to explain and declare the liber-
“ ty and cuſtom aforeſaid to them the ſaid may-
or and commonalty, and citizens, and their
" heirs and fucceffors, and willing the ſaid liber-
" ties to be peaceably and quietly had, poſſeſſed
16
6 and enjoyed to the faid mayor and commonalty,
“ and citizens, and their ſucceſſors, with the fora
“ feilures aforeſaid, againſt the ſaid late king
Henry, his heirs and ſucceffors, granted, and
" by his faid charter confirmed to the ſaid mayor,
" and commonalty, and citizens, and their ſuc-
" ceffors, that no ſtranger from the liberties of
" the ſame city may buy or ſell from any other
ftranger to the liberty of the ſame city any
“ merchandizes or wares within the liberty of
" the ſaid city: and if any ſtranger to the li-
berty of the ſame city, ſhall ſell or buy any
s merchandizes or wares within the liberty of
" the ſame city of any other ſtranger to the liber-
" ty of the ſame city, that the ſame mayor,
" commonalty, and citizens, and their fucceffors,
may have, hold, and receive, all and all
manner of ſuch like merchandizes and wares
c fo bought, and to be bought, ſold, or to be
fold, within the liberty of the ſaid city, be-
tween whatſoever ftrangers to the liberty of
“ the ſame city, as forfeited; and all the for-
“ feitures of the ſame, and alſo the penalties,
s fines, and redemptions whatſoever any ways
« forfeited, loft, or to be loft, or to be forfeited,
" or due thereon, to the uſe and profit of the
“ fame mayor and commonalty, and citizens,
" their heirs and ſucceſſors, without any hindrance
“ of the ſame late king, his heirs and ſucceſſors ;
any ſtatute, act, or ordinance, of us or our
progenitors, made to the contrary notwith-
ſtanding ; although the fame mayor and com-
“ monalty, and citizens of the faid city, or their
" predeceſſors, have before that time uſed, abuf-
"ed, or not uſed thoſe cuſtoms and liberties :
faving always, that great men, lords and no-
66 bles, and other Engliſh and ſtrangers, of what
“ condition foever they be, may freely whatſoever
66 merchandize engrofs for their families and pro-
per uſes within the liberties of the faid city,
“ without any forfeitures, loſs, or hindrance
whatfoever, ſo that they do not ſell again the
" ſaid merchandizes to any other. And further,
(6 the faid late king, of his more ample grace,
" by his faid letters patent, among other things,
“ did give and grant to the mayor, commonalty,
" and citizens of the ſame city of London, and
" their ſucceſſors, the office of gauger within the
Z z
faid
GG
CG

182
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
as
" ſaid city, and the diſpoſing, ordering, ſurvey watch. He was ſo highly pleaſed with the fight,
ing, and correction of the ſame; to have, that he returned on St. Peter's eve, with his royal
hold, exerciſe, and occupy the ſaid office and confort, attended by the principal nobility, and
“ other premiſes, with all fees, profits, and ſtood in Cheapſide, where they ſaw the ſtately
66 emoluments to the ſame office in any manner march. This ceremony was performed twice
belonging or appertaining to the fanie mayor every year, viz. on the eve of St. John Baptiſt,
"s and commonalty, and citizens by themſelves, and the feaſt of St. Peter and Paul. The man-
or by their ſufficient deputy or deputies, from ner of conducting this nocturnal parade was
" the twenty-ſecond day of Auguſt, in the firſt follows: the city muſic followed by the Lord-
year of his reign, for ever, without any ac mayor's officers in party-coloured liveries: the
count to be made thereof, or any thing ren fword bearer on horſeback, in beautiful armour,
" dering and paying to the ſaid lord Henry the before the Lord-mayor, mounted on a ſtately
6 VIIth, his heirs or ſucceſſors, as by the ſaid horſe richly decorated, attended by a giant and
of letters patents more plainly may appear.” two pages, on horſeback, three pageants, mo-
rice-dancers and footmen : after theſe came the
In the year 1507, the king, having a remorſe ſheriffs, followed by their officers in proper
of conſcience for the many exactions he had laid | liveries, and attended by their giants, pages, &c.
on the citizens, endeavoured to mitigate it by then a conſiderable body of demi-lancers in
acts of benevolence. He diſcharged all the pri- | bright armour, on ſtately horſes; theſe were fol-
foners in London whoſe debts did not amount to lowed by a great of number carabineers in fuf-
more than forty ſhillings; endowed many religi cian coats, with the city arms on their backs and
ous foundations, and gave very conſiderable breaſts; then marched a diviſion of archers, with
alms. Notwithſtanding which, he ſtill counte their bows bent, and by their fide ſhafts of ar-
nanced the extortions of Empſon and Dudley, rows ; after theſe a great number of halberdeers,
two evil counſellors, who, under pretence of preceded by a party of pikemen, croflets and
of abuſes committed two years before, ordered helmets, and the rear was brought up by a party
Thomas Kneſworth the mayor, and Roger Grove of billmen with aprons and helmets of mail :
and Richard Shoare, his ſheriffs, to be taken to the whole body conſiſted of about two thouſand
the marſhalſea priſon, and there detained till they men, in different diviſions, in each of which
ſhould advance the ſum of fourteen hundred were properly fixed muſicians, drums, ſtandards,
pounds. Had not the death of the king inter and enligns. The march began at the conduit
vened, the like fate would have befallen Sir Law the weſt-end of Cheapſide, and palled through
rence Aylemer and Sir William Capel, both of Cheapfide, the Poultry, Cornhill, and Leaden-
whom were fined two thouſand pounds. The hall-itreet, to Aldgate; from whence it returned
king dying ſoon after, they were diſcharged from through Fenchurch-ſtreet, Gracechurch-ſtreet,
their confinement, and all arbitrary meaſures ſub Cornhill, and ſo back to the conduit again. The
fided.
proceſſion was illuminated by nine hundred and
King Henry VIII. ſucceeded his father, and forty large lanthorns fixed at the ends of poles,
was proclaimed king with the uſual folemnities, and carried on mens ſhoulders; two hundred of
on the twenty-firſt of April, 1509. Two days which were provided at the expence of the city ;
after which he cauſed all foreign beggars to be five hundred at that of the companies, and two
baniſhed the city, and diſperſed to their reſpec- hundred and forty by the city conftables ; exclu-
tive pariſhes.
five of theſe a great number of lamps were hung
The king and queen, on the twentieth of againſt the houſes on each ſide the way, decorat-
June following, rode in great pomp from the ed with flowers and greens made into garlands.
Tower to Weſtminſter, and were moſt joyfully The whole formed a very pleaſing ſight, and gave
received by the Londoners. The city was adorn the higheſt ſatisfaction to the royal pair.
ed with rich ſilks and tapeſtry, and part of Corn This year Sir William Fitzwilliam, alderman
hill, and Goldſmith's-row, in Cheapſide, with of Breadſtreet-ward, was disfranchiſed for refuf-
gold brocades. The Lord-mayor, aldermen, and ing to ſerve the office of ſheriff, and retired to
ſheriffs, with the city companies, attended the Milton in Northamptonſhire. After which, be-
proceffion, and the whole was conducted with || ing greatly eſteemed by the king, he made him
ſuch elegance as gave the higheſt ſatisfaction to knight of the garter, lord-keeper of the privy-
the ſpectators.
ſeal, and chancellor of the dutchy of Lancaſter,
The king, anxious to preſerve the affection of || which places he enjoyed till his death.
the citizens, committed Empſon and Dudley (his In the year 1511 a ſcarcity of corn being ap-
father's commiſſioners employed by him to raiſe prehended, the Lord-mayor, Roger Achiley, cauf-
money on penal laws) to the Tower; after which ed Leadenhall (the city granary) to be plentifully
they were attainted by parliament, and beheaded ſtored with grain of all forts. In the ſame year
on Tower-hill the eighteenth of Auguſt 1510. he likewiſe levelled Moorfields, which extended
Many of their agents were expoſed on the pil from London-wall to Hoxton, and cauſed bridges.
lory, and compelled to ride through the ſtreets and cauſeways to be erected for the greater con-
with labels in their hats, and their faces to the venience of paſſengers.
horſe's tail, as a mark of that contempt their in In the year 1512 a great fire broke out in the
famy deſerved.
Tower, which conſumed the chapel in that part
Henry, diſguiſed in the habit of a yeoman of it called the White-Tower.
of the guard, went into the city on the eve of This year an act of parliament paſſed by which
St. John to ſee the grand cavalcade of the city
the ſheriffs of London and Middleſex were em-
powered

HISTORY and SURVEX of LONDON.
vants within
powered to empannel juries for the city courts, and 56 Fight for your country,” that by the laws of .
each juror fo empannelled, to be a citizen worth God they were juſtified, and therefore it was their
one hundred marks; and for non-appearance on duty to clear the city of ſtrangers. This ſermoni
his firſt fummons to forfeit one Chilling and eight had ſuch an effect on many weak minds, that they
pence, for the ſecond, three ſhillings and four aſſaulted foreigners as they paſſed along the
pence, and for every default afterwards double the ſtreets: for which offence, on the twenty-eighth
fum. A great mortality raged at this time, which of April, Stephen Studley, Stephen Betts, and
took off a conſiderable number of the citizens, ſome others, who were principals, were commit-
but whether peftilential or not is uncertain. ed by the Lord-mayor to priſon. Soon after
In the year 1514, the inhabitants about Iling which a report was ſpread, that the citizens in-
ton, Hoxton, and Shoreditch debarred the citi tended, on May-day following, to deſtroy all
zens from their accuſtomed exerciſes in thoſe || ftrangers that ſhould be found in the city, or its
fields, by encloſing their grounds. They were liberties.
ſo enraged at this treatment, that, at the inftiga The king's council hearing of this rumour,
tion of a fellow who ran about the ſtreets, cry cardinal Wolſey fent for the mayor, and adviſed
ing ſpades and ſhovels, they aſſembled together in hin to be on his guard, and prevent the like diſ-
a large body, and with thoſe tools deſtroyed all turbances for the future. To effect which he
the fences that had been ſo lately made. Com ſummoned the aldermen, about four o'clock in
miffioners were ſent into the city by his majeſty to the afternoon preceding May-day, to meet him
know the cauſe of the tumult; and being met in at Guildhall immediately. The aſſembly being
Grey-friars, now called Chriſt's-Hoſpital, the met, they, with the approbation of the cardinal,
lord-mayor and aldermen were ordered to attend came to the following reſolution : that every man
to give an account of ſuch fedition: they were ſhould be commanded to ſhut up his doors, and
ſeverely reprimanded, and ſtrictly enjoined to keep his ſervants within. In conſequence of
prevent all farther miſchief for the future, and which, an order was made and publiſhed by the
preſerve the peace of the city.
alderman of each reſpective ward, that no man
In the year 1515 there was ſo great a froſt, that after nine o'clock ſhould ſtir out of his houſe,
carriages of all ſorts paſed on the ice between but keep his doors fhut, and his ſervants within
Lambeth and Weſtminſter.
till nine o'clock in the morning.
The citizens preſerved an ancient cuſtom of Before this order was properly diſperſed, it urz-
celebrating May-day, by diverting themſelves in luckily happened, that Sir John Mundy, in his
the neighbouring woods and fields. This amuſe way home, was rudely created by two young men
ment became ſo univerſal, that the king and queen, playing at bucklers in Cheap, one of whom he
on May-day in the morning, attended by many ordered to be ſent to the Compter. Many pren-
lords and ladies rode a maying from Greenwich to tices who were by, reſcued the young man from
the top of Shooter’s.hill. Their majefties were the alderman, crying out, “ Prentices! Prena
met by a number of tall yeomen clad in green, 56 tices ! Clubs ! Clubs !” on which ſo great a
with green hoods and bows and arrows. Robin body aſſembled with clubs and other weapons,
Hood, who was their captain ; addreſſed the king that the alderman was put to flight. Theſe were
to ſtop and ſee his men ſhoot, which they perform- || increaſed by a number of ſervingmen, waternien,
ed at a whiſtle with the greateſt dexterity: the and others; and by eleven o'clock at night there
arrows were ſo contrived, that when ſhot off,
aſſembled in the Cheap about ſeven hundred, and
they alſo whiſtled, making a ſtrange and loud in St. Paul's church-yard three hundred. They
noiſe. After this the king and queen with their proceeded in a body to the Compter, which they
retinue, were conducted by Robin into the green broke open, and releaſed the rioters who had
wood, where, in harbours made with boughs, been committed there by the mayor for aſſaulting
and decorated with flowers, they were plentifully foreigners ; after which they went to Newgate,
entertained with wine and venilon,
and took out Studley and Betts committed for
On May-day in the year 1517, an accident hap the like offence. A proclamacion was iffued by
pened, which occafioned it to be afterwards cal the mayor and ſheriffs, in the king's name, but
led Evil-may.day, It aroſe from the artificers without effect. The mob increaſing, they threw
thinking themſelves aggrieved by permitting ſticks and ſtones at many ſtrangers as they paſſed,
ſtrangers to exerciſe their trades in London. In
particularly one Nicholas Dennis, a ſerjeant at
conſequence of which they prevailed on one Dr. arms, who, being much wounded, cried out,
Bell, or Bele, to ſupport their cauſe in the pulpit, " Down with them.” This heightening their re-
at the Spital, on Tueſday in Eaſter week. He ſentment, they broke the windows and doors of
complied with their requeſt; and, after reading the houſes in St. Marcin’s-le-grand, and plunder+
a bill of complaint given him by one John Lin ed the houſe of one Mewtas, a Frenchman, in
colne, repreſenting the grievances of the mer. Leadenhall-ftreet, whom they intended, had they
chants and artificers, he took for his text the fol met with him, to have deſtroyed. Early in the
lowing words : “ The heavens to the lord of hea. morning they diſperſed, from an apprehenſion of
ven;
but the earth is given to the children of being overpowered by the forces preparing to
On this text he endeavoured to ſhew, march into the city, under the command of the
that to Engliſhmen was this land given, and that, earls of Shrewſbury and Surry. In this time, by
as birds defend their neft, fo ought Engliſhmen the diligence of the mayor, three hundred of
to cheriſh and maintain themſelves, and for the them were taken, and committed to the Tower,
good of the commonwealth to hunt and drive Newgate, and the Compters; and about five
out aliens. He affirmed, from another text, o'clock in the morning the riot ſubſided. Among
thole
“ nen.”

184
HISTORY and SURVÈ W of L OND ON:
66
thoſe committed to the Tower was Dr. Bell, for to that enomity : yet we, our wives and chil-
preaching his feditious fermon. A commiſſion " dren, every hour lament that your favour
of oyer and terminer was immediately made out 16 ſhould be taken from us : and foraſmuch as
for the trials of the offenders, on the ſecond of " light and idle perſons were the doers of the
May at Guildhall. On their arraignment they « fame, we moſt humbly, beſeech your grace to
pleaded not guilty, and their trials were poſtpon “ have mercy on us for our negligence, and com-
ed till the fourth of May. The commiſſioners paſſion on the offenders for their offences and
appointed for this purpoſe were the Lord-mayor, treſpaſſes."
earl of Surry, and the duke of Norfolk, who
came into the city eſcorted by thirteen hundred The king, in his anſwer, accuſed them of
men; and the priſoners to the amount of two hun negligence in oppoſing the rioters, and conniving
dred and ſeventy-eight, ſome men, ſome lads not at their proceedings ; therefore, ſaid he, “ We
exceeding fourteen years of age, were brought 66 will neither grant you our favour nor good
through the city tied with ropes. On the firſt s6 will, nor to the offenders mercy : but reſort to
day John Lincolne, and ſeveral others were in our lord chancellor, and he ſhall declare to you
dicted and found guilty; and the next day thir our pleaſure.”
teen were condemned to be drawn, hanged and The king being expected at Weſtminſter on
quartered. For this purpoſe, and to ſtrike a the twenty-ſecond of May, they, by the direction
greater terror, ten pair of gallows were ſet up at of the chancellor, reſolved to wait upon him.
the following places : Aldgate, Blanchapelon, Accordingly on that day the Lord-mayor, alder-
Graſs-ſtreet, Leadenhall, oppoſite each Compter, men, and principal commoners attended in their
Newgate, St. Martin's, Alderſgate, and Biſhopf liveries, when his majeſty, being ſeated under a
gate. They were made to run on wheels for the canopy of ſtate at the upper end of the hall, or-
better convenience of removing them to ſuch dered the priſoners to be brought before him.
places as might be properly adapted for the ex They were accordingly brought in their ſhirts,
ecution of ſo many rioters. Some little time after bound together with ropes and halters about their
ſentence was paſſed, Lincolne, Sherwin, and the necks, to the number of four hundred men and
two brothers named Betts, were drawn upon hur eleven women; which fight had ſuch an effect on
dles to the ſtandard in Cheapſide. The firſt was the principal part of the nobility, that they
executed ; but as the others were near being warmly ſolicited the king for their pardon.
turned off, a reprieve came from the king, to the Silence being proclaimed, and the city magiſtrates
univerſal joy of the populace, who unanimouſly and commonalty ordered into the king's preſence,
cried out, God ſave the king.
the cardinal chancellor reprimanded them for
On the eleventh of May, the Lord-mayor, al their negligence; and then, addreſſing himſelf to
dermen, and recorder, dreſſed in mourning gowns, the priſoners, faid, that for their offences againſt
waited on the king, who then reſided at Green the laws of the realm, and againſt his majeſty's
wich ; and being admitted to the door of the crown and dignity, they had incurred the puniſh-
privy-chamber, from whence his majeſty came, ment of death. On the cloſe of theſe words, the
attended by ſeveral of his nobles, the recorder, people, with piteous lamentation, cried out,
in the name of the reſt, falling on his knees, ad- mercy, gracious Lord, mercy.” This wroughe
dreſſed the king in the following words:
ſo effectually on the king, that he yielded to the
intreaties of his courtiers, and pronounced them
“ Moſt natural, benign, and our ſovereign pardon. Their halters were immediately taken
« lord, we well know that your grace is highly off, and the people with one voice cried out,
diſpleaſed with us of your city of London, for 6 God ſave the king.” Theſe rioters were called
" the great riot done and committed there ; the Black-waggon, and the day on which the riot
“ wherefore we aſſure your grace, that none of firſt began was from that time called Evil-May-
us, nor no honeſt perſon were condeſcending Day.
CHAPTER XXIX.
Inſtitution of the court of conſcience. Sefions of peace removed to Guildball. College of Phy-
ficians incorporated. Great plague. Reception of the emperor Charles V. and the king
and queen of Denmark. Arbitrary tax impoſed by Cardinal Wolfey. Great famine. Re-
turn of the ſweating fickneſs. One Richard Rofe boiled in Smithfield for murder. Grand
entertainments at Ely-houſe. New teſtament tranſlated. Afterwards burnt. Henry VIII.
divorced. His marriage with Anne Boleyn. Proceſſion of the queen to Weſtminſter. Her
coronation.
I
N the year 1517-18 an act was paſſed by the
common-council of London for erecting a
court of conſcience, in which it was enacted,
“ that the Lord-mayor and aldermen, for the
« time being, ſhould monthly aſſign and appoint
s two aldermen and four diſcreet commoners to
" fit at Guildhall in a judicial manner, twice a
" week, viz. on Wedneſdays and Saturdays, there
66 to hear and determine all matters brought be-
66 fore them between party and party, being
66 citizens and freemen of London, in all caſes,
66 where the due debt or damage did not exceed
“ forty

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
185
& forty thillings.” It was intended to continue by neglect in their medicines or receipts to be
only two years; but the utility of it being very puniſhed by fines and impriſonment : and that
evident, it remained in force till the reign of the preſident and all the members of the college
James I. when it was finally eſtabliſhed by act ſhould be exempted from ſerving on juries.
of parliament.
In the year 1521 an infectious diſtemper raged
Āt this time the ſweating ſickneſs raged again in London, which took off a conſiderable num-
violently in London, which took off a great ber of its inhabitants; and cořn was ſo ſcarce,
number of the citizens.
that wheat ſold for twenty ſhillings the quarter,
The citizens of London finding great incon-
which at that time was a great price.
veniencies from their ſeſſions of peace being In the year 1522 the emperor Charles V. came
held in the monaſtery of St. Martin's le-Grand, a into England on a viſit to king Henry, who with
foreign liberty, petitioned Henry VIII to repeal his queen, and principal nobles, received him at
that part of Edward the third's charter; to which Greenwich, and conducted him from the palace
his majeſty graciouſly condeſcending, granted them there to London, which on this occaſion was de-
the following charter:
corated with the moſt pompous ornaments, and
a variety of magnificent pageants. On their en-
" Henry, by the grace of God, king of Eng trance into the city the Lord-mayor, aldermen
56 land and France, and lord of Ireland, to all to and ſheriff's received them in their formalities, at-
" whom theſe preſents ſhall come, greeting. tended by the principal citizens on horſeback
2.“ Whereas Edward the third, ſometime king | richly accoutred: they were conducted through
“ of England our progenitor, by his letters pa the city to Black Friars, which was the place
tents, amongſt other things, has granted to the adopted for the reſidence of the emperor, and
os citizens of the city of London, that all inqui. the princes and nobility of his retinue to theirs in
65 fitions from hence, to be taken by the juſtices, the new palace at Bridewell.
66 and other the miniſters of the men of the ſaid In the following year Henry received a viſit
65 city, ſhould be taken at Great St. Martin's in from Chriftian king of Denmark and his queen.
6. London, and not elſewhere, except inqui On their arrival they were received by the mayor
66 fitions to be taken in circuits in the Tower and citizens, who conducted them with great
“ of London, and for the goal delivery of New ſplendor to the biſhop of Bath's palace, which
gate.
was appointed for their reſidence. St. Peter's
Know ye, that wé, for fome urgent cauſes Eve happening at the time of their ſtay in Lon-
“ reaſonable us moving, at the petition of the don, their majeſties, attended by the princial no-
mayor and commonalty aforeſaid, and of the bility went to ſee the pompous march of the city
“ citizens of the ſame city, have, of our ſpecial watch; for which purpoſe they were conducted to
grace, and from our certain knowledge and the king's head in Cheapſide, and afterwards ele-
mere motion, granted, and by theſe preſents || gantly entertained by Sir Thomas Baldry, the
do, for us and our heirs (as much as in us is) mayor.
grant to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and The king at this time being in great want of
unto their ſucceſſors, and unto the ſame citi money, cardinal Wolfey, his prime miniſter, iſſued
zens of the ſame city, that all inquiſitions by out commiſſions in his majeſty's name for levying
" the juſtices or other our miniſters, or of our the ſixth part of all the goods and chattels of the
" heirs, to be from henceforth taken of the men laity, and a fourth of thoſe of the clergy. The
" of our city aforeſaid, ſhall be taken at the people were ſo incenſed at chis arbitrary proceed-
" Guildhall, within the city aforeſaid, or at any | ing, as to be almoſt ripe
ing, as to be almoſt ripe for an open rebellion ;
“ other place within the ſame city, where it ſhall which coming to the king's ears he was ſo much
s from time to time be thought to our juſtices affected that he openly diſavowed the cardinal's
" for the time being, before whom thoſe inqui- || irregularities, and ſent a letter to the mayor and
$6 fitions ought hereafter to be taken, moft expe. citizens of London, in which he declared that he
« dient and moſt convenient, and not elſewhere, would not exact or demand any thing of them by
“ except inquiſitions to be taken at the circuits compulſion, but by way of benevolence. In
« of the Tower of London, and for the goal conſequence of this the cardinal ſent for the
« delivery of Newgate. In witneſs whereof we mayor, and aldermen, and expoftulated with them
" have cauſed theſe our letters to be made pa on his majeſty's gracious condeſcenſion in remit-
tents. Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter, the ting the payments of a ſixth of all their effects;
“ fixteenth day of June, in the tenth year of our and inſtead thereof had only appointed them to
pay a certain benevolence ; he therefore deſired
them to return and make proper aſſeſſments in
On the twenty-third of September 1519, king their reſpective wards for raiſing the ſame. The
Henry VIII. granted the phyſicians a charter of recorder replied, that ſuch benevolences had
incorporation to enable them to frame proper re been aboliſhed by the firſt of Richard III. To
gulations for practitioners. By this charter they which the cardinal anſwered, “that Richard was
were allowed a common ſeal, and to chufe a pre an uſurper and tyrant, a murderer, and one of
fident annually ; to purchaſe lands and tenements, " the greateſt criminals: that he had no power
and to make laws for the government and cor " to make a law; and that no act made by ſuch
re&tion of their college, and of all thoſe who a wretch could be binding ; therefore the city's
practiſed phyſic within ſeven miles of London; argument was trilling and of none effect.”
to choofe four perſons annually to inſpect and Wolſey then tried what he could do with the ma-
govern the whole body, and thoſe who offended giftrates feparately: to effect which he began with
16
the
“ reign.”
66
Ааа

186
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
66
the Lord-mayor, who honeftly told him he could wages to his or her apprentice, or ſuffer the
give no anſwer to ſuch a queſtion without the " ſaid apprentices to take any part of their own
conſultation of the coinmon-council. He then " getting or gains : or if any freeman or free-
deſired the mayor and aldermen, in their private woman of this city hereafter colour any foreign
capacities, to contribute what they thought pro goods, or froin henceforth buy or ſell for any
per. The magiſtrates, however, remained in-
perſon or perſons, or with or to any perſon or
flexible, but ſubmitted fo far as to communicate perſons, being foreign or foreigners, cloths,
his requeſt to the common.council, who ſo “ſilks, wine, oils, or any other goods or mer-
ſtrongly reſented it, that the court moved for ex chandize, whatſoever they be, whether he take
pelling three of their members for ſpeaking in any thing or things for his or their wages or la-
favour of ſo great an impoſition, and broke up " bour, or not: if any perſon or perſons, being
without coming to any reſolution. Thus, by the - free of this city, by any colour or deceitful
vigilance of the city of London againſt the in means, from henceforth do buy, ſell, or receive
iniquitous ſchemes of miniſterial power, was the s of any apprentice within this city any money,
oppreſſive method propoſed by cardinal Wolſey goods, merchandize, or wares, without the
to raiſe money without conſent of parliament, en. aſſent or licence of his maſter or miſtreſs : and,
tirely brought to nought.
upon examination, duly proved before the
At this time the plague raged fo violently in « chamberlain of the ſaid city for the time being,
London, that his majeſty removed to Eltham ; 66 and the ſame reported, by the mouth of the
the term was poſtponed, and the city ſo much ſaid chamberlain, at a court to be holden by the
deſerted by its inhabitants, that the feſtival of
mayor and aldermen of the ſaid city in their
Chriſt's nativity was that year called the ftill 6. council chamber : that as well the faid maſter,
Chriſtmas.
as the ſaid apprentice, ſhall for ever more be
In the year 1526 the citizens finding themſelves s disfranchiſed,"
greatly hurt by foreigners who had purchaſed li-
cences for the importation of woad, applied to the To which act the following inſtructions were
mayor and common council, who enacted, that added.
for the future no citizen ſhould preſume to buy,
ſell, or have any intercourſe with foreign impor “ Ye ſhall conſtantly and devoutly on your
ters of woad,
si knees, every day, ſerve God, morning and
The following year a moſt dreadful famine
s evening, and make conſcience in the due
happened in the city, owing to the ſcarcity of corn, hearing of the word preached, and endeavour
by which many citizens periſhed. But by an im " the right practice thereof in your life and con-
mediate ſupply from his majeſty of one thouſand “ verſation. You ſhall do diligent and faithful
quarters of corn, and the great importation of " ſervice to your maſter for the time of your
wheat and rye from Dantzick, they were ſooner apprenticeſhip, and deal truly in what you
relieved from their diſtreſs than any other part of " ſhall be truſted. You ſhall often read over
the kingdom.
“ the covenants of your indenture, and fee and
This year a public entry was made by two " endeavour yourſelf to perform the ſame to the
French ambaſſadors extraordinary, into this city. " utmoſt of your power. You ſhall avoid all
Apartments were provided for them and their at “ evil company, and all occaſions which may
tendants in the biſhop of London's palace ; at " tend to draw you to the fame ; and make
which place they were preſented by the mayor, ſpeedy return, when you ſhall be ſent of your
in the name of the citizens, with five fat oxen, • maſter's or miſtreſs's buſineſs. You ſhall be of
twenty ſheep, twelve ſwans, twelve cranes, twelve « fair, gentle, and lowly ſpeech and behaviour
pheaſants, four dozen of partridges, twenty ſugar 66 towards all men ; eſpecially to all your go-
loaves, all ſorts of ſpices, and eight hogſheads of
And according to your carriage ex-
wine.
« pect your reward, for good or ill, from God
On the firſt of June an act of common.council
was paſſed, whereby it was agreed, ordained and
enacted, " that if hereafter any freeman or free In the year 1528 the ſweating ſickneſs broke
woman of this city take an apprentice, and out again in this city fo violent, that a great num-
" within the term of ſeven years ſuffer the ſame ber of people died within ſix hours after its firſt
" apprentice to go at his large liberty and plea appearance. This occaſioned the adjournment
«« fure; and within and after the ſaid term agree of the term, and the ſuſpenſion of the annual
“ with his faid apprentice for a certain ſum of ſolemnity of the city watch, which was after-
" money, or otherwiſe, for his ſaid ſervice, and
wards, by order of the king, diſcontinued till
“ within, or after the end of the ſaid term, the the ſecond of Edward VI.
« faid freeman preſent the ſaid apprentice to the The following year a court of juſtice was
« chamberlain of the city, and by good delibe erected in Black Friars for trying the legality of
“ ration, and upon his oath made to the ſame city, the king's marriage with his royal conſort queen
" the ſame freenian or freewoman afſureth and af. Catharine. In which ſat, as judges, the legates
“ firmeth to the ſaid chamberlain, that the ſaid || Campejus and cardinal Wolfey ; the latter of
“ apprentice hath fully ſerved his ſaid term as whom was deprived of the chancellorſhip in Oc-
apprentice: or if any freeman or freewoman of
tober the ſame year.
“ this city take any apprentice, which, at the From the proceedings of this court was the
« time of the ſaid taking, hath any wife: or if firſt advance made in England toward the work
any
freeman or freewoman of this city give any of reformation. The king took ſuch diſguſt at
the
66
66 vernors.
66 and
your friends."
&6
66
06

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
187
the pope, that he iſſued out an ediệt prohibit- | ing 100,000l which had been granted to the king,
ing all commercial intercourſe with the ſee of the city clergy reſented it ſo much, that they
Rome.
forced chemſelves into the chapter-houſe of St.
This
year
Whitehall was fixed as the chief re Paul's, where they beat and abuſed the biſhop's
fidence of the Engliſh monarchs, and continued ſervants. This intimidated the biſhop ſo much,
ſo till they were burnt out in 1697. Before this that he forgave them, and deſired them to part
it was called York-place. It was originally built || peaceably. After this he applied to the lord
by Hubert de Burgh, earl of Kent, who dying in chancellor for redreſs; and by his order fifteen
1243, left it to the Black Friars in Chancery-lane, prieſts, with their accomplices, were ſeized by the
Holborn ; after which it was purchaſed by Lord-mayor, and committed to priſon, where
Walter de Gray, archbiſhop of York; he be they continued for a conſiderable time.
queathed it to his ſucceſſors in that ſee as their The king was ſo highly pleaſed with the citi-
city manſion for ever. In conſequence of which zens of London in concurring with his meaſures
Cardinal Wolſey became pofſeffed of it, and to throw off the Romiſh yoke, that, as a teſti-
with the approbation of the chapter of York, mony of his regard and affection, he confirmed
made a feoffment thereof to the king, from which to them many former grants by the following
it was called the king's manor of Weſtmin charter :
fter.
“ Henry the eighth, by the grace of God,
In the year 1531 Richard Roſe, cook to the king of England and France, defender of the
biſhop of Rocheſter, was boiled to death in “ faith, and lord of Ireland, to all to whom
Smithfield for poiſoning fixteen people with por “ theſe preſents ſhall come, greeting.
ridge: it was intended for his maſter, who " Whereas we, by our letters patents, the
luckly eſcaped it, owing to a want of appetite. “ date whereof is the eighteenth day of June,
A grand entertainment was this year made at in the thirteenth year of our reign, have of
Ely-houſe by eleven gentlemen of the law, on our ſpecial grace, and from our certain know-
their promotion to the dignity of the coif: it ledge and mere motion, given and granted, for
continued five days, and the gueſts were, the us and our heirs, for as much as in us then
king, queen, foreign miniſters, lord mayor, was, to Sir William Sidney, knt. the office of
judges, maſter of the rolls, maſters in chancery, “ the keeper of the great bean and common ba-
aldermen, ſerjeants at law, principal merchants, “ lance or weight within our city of London, for
and the livery. To thew the diſparity between “ weighing of all mérchandizes of avoirdupoiſe,
that time and this, reſpecting the price of pro " and alſo all weights whatſoever within the fame
viſions, we ſhall inſert the following, which is part “ city, which office one William Stafford, deceaſ-
of the bill of fare.
" ed, lately exerciſed and occupied, by what
d. " name ſoever the ſaid office was namedor known.
Twenty-four large oxen, each at
8 " And have ordained, made, and conſtituted the
The carcaſe of a large ox
" ſaid Sir William Sidney keeper of the great
One hundred ſheep, each at
bean, balance, and weight, and of all other
Fifty-one calves, each at
weights whatſoever ; and alſo the weights of all
Thirty-four hogs, cach at
3
8
ſpices, wares, commodities, merchandizes, and
Ninety-one pigs, each at
6 “ things in the city aforeſaid, there to be weign-
Ten dozen capons of Greece, each
" ed and accuſtomed, and uſed to be bought and
dozen at
I 8 “ ſold by weight. And have granted alſo, by
Nine dozen and a half of Kentiſh ca-
" our faid letters patents, to the ſaid Sir William
pons, each at
“ Sidney, authority and power to make, name
Nineteen dozen of common capons,
" and aſſign, from time to time, all manner of
" clerks, pórters, ſervants, and miniſters of the
Seven dozen and nine of groſe or heath
“ great beam and balance, and of the iron beam,
cocks, each at
8 " and of the beam of the ſtillyard, and of the
Fourteen dozen and eight common
« weights aforeſaid ; and alſo all other clerks,
cocks, each at
3 “ porters, ſervants, and miniſters to the fame of-
The beſt pullets, each at
21 “ fice belonging; and alſo to remove the ſame
Common ditto, each at
or any of them, and other or others to make,
Thirty-ſeven doz. of pidgeons, each
put, or conſtitute in his or their place, as often
dozen at
“ as to him ſhall ſeem expedient, to have, oc-
Three hundred and forty dozen of
cupy, and exerciſe the office and offices afore-
larks, each dozen at
of ſaid, together with the authority aforeſaid to
the ſaid Sir William Sidney by himſelf, or by
At this time the people became very zealous o his deputy or deputies, during our pleaſure, to
for the work of reformation; and indeed it was ~ his proper uſe and behoof, with all and fingular
highly encouraged at court, though not without « commodities, houſes, advantages, profits, fees
conſiderable oppoſition from the clergy. A tranſ 66 and emoluments to the faid office, in our time,
lation of the New Teſtament was now publiſhed 66 or in the times of any of our progenitors,
by Tindall and others; but the biſhop of Lon « kings of England, due and accuſtomed, per-
don obtained as many copies of them as he could taining or belonging, in as ample manner and
and cauſed them to be burnt at St. Paul's Croſs. “ form as any perſon having or occupying ſuch
The biſhop ſoon after this attempting to aſk con or office before this time had, received, and en-
tribution from his parochial clergy towards pay 66 joyed the fame ; and hath given and granted
1. s.
I
I
4 0
o
CG
OWA PO
2. IO
4
8
O
O I O
each at
O
o 6
O
O
0
O
o
2
0
O 0 5
the

188
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
out any
66
or the ſame commodities, houſes, advantages, any challenging, it is manifeſt, and with:
profits, fees and emoluments, and all and fin out any difficulty evident and apparent unto us,
" gular the premiſes for the exerciſe and occupa " that the ſaid office of the great beam and com-
« tion of the office aforeſaid, to the ſaid Sir Wil mon balance, ordained for weighing between
“ liam during our pleafure, to the uſe and be " merchants and merchants, and the office of
“ hoof of the ſaid Sir William, without account, keeping the great balance or weight within
or any other thing, to us or our heirs in this our city of London, for the weighing of all
« behalf, for the premiſes to be made, given, " merchandizes of avoirdupoiſe, and alſo of all
or paid: although expreſs mention be not " weights whatſoever within the ſaid city, and
« made of the true yearly value, or of any cer " alſo of all ſpices, wares, merchandizes, and
« tainty of the premiſes, or any grant or grants “ things in the city aforeſaid to be weighed; and
“ by us, or any of our progenitors, to the ſaid “ alſo the authority and power to name and aſſign
" William before this time made, contained in « all and all manner of clerks, porters, ſervants,
« the ſaid letters patents above ſpecified, or any s and miniſters of the ſaid great beam and ba-
s6 ſtatute, act, ordinance, reſtraint, or proviſion, " lance, and of the iron beam ; and of the beam
" before this time made or provided to the con “c of the ſtillyard, and alſo all other clerks, por-
”trary ; or any other thing, cauſe, or matter ters, ſervants, and miniſters of the ſaid office
66 whatſoever in any thing notwithſtanding, as pertaining, and the iſſues and revenues there-
" by the ſame our letters patents fully appeareth; " of coming, and all and ſingular the premiſes
" which our pleaſure in that behalf we will by pertaining, and of ancient right belonging to
56 theſe ſhall be determined : and which letters the mayor, commonalty and citizens, we will
patents the fame Sir William Sidney hath ſur « in no wiſe be wronged.
“ rendered into our chancery to be cancelled, to “ And to the end that all ambiguity in ſuch
« the intent we would vouchſafe to grant our “ caſes might be taken away, and that the ſaid
" letters patents to the mayor, commonalty, and mayor and commonalty, and citizens, and
“ citizens of our city of London.
“ their ſucceffors, may not in time to come be
" And becauſe now of late we underſtand of impeached, impleaded, or grieved by us, or
" the grievous complaint of our well beloved the our heirs and ſucceſſors, or any of our juſtices
mayor, commonalty, and citizens of our faid or miniſters, of or for the premiſes, or any
" city of London, that the ſaid lord Edward, co of them, we will and grant to the now mayor,
" fometime king of England, the ſecond, our pro " commonalty, and citizens, and to their fuc-
“ genitor, by his charter dated the eighteenth of " ceffors, that the weights and beams for weigh-
« June, in the twelfth year of his reign, amongſt ing of merchandizes between merchant and
“ other things, granted to the then citizens “ merchant, whereof the profits growing, and
" of our faid city, predeceſſors to the now mayor, " the knowledge of them to the commonalty of
« commonalty, and citizens aforeſaid, that the " the city aforeſaid, ſhall remain at the will of
“ weights and beams for the weighing of mer “ the commonalty of the ſame city, to be kept
56 chandizes between merchants and merchants, " in cuſtody of good ſufficient men of the fanie
" of which the profits growing, and knowledge city, expert in that office, and to be thereunto
"s of the ſame, pertain to the commonalty of the “ choſen by the commonalty aforeſaid; and that
“ ſaid city, ſhould remain to be kept, at the will to others then fo to be choſen, to be in no wife
< of the commonalty, in the cuſtody of two fuf they be committed; and that they ſhall have
« ficient men of the ſame city, expert in that of “ tronage ; that is to ſay, the weighing of wax,
“ fice, to be thereunto choſen by the commonal. “ lead, pepper, allom, madder, and all other
ty of the ſaid city. And they ſhould in no wiſe « ſuch like wares, within the ſaid city for ever.
“ be committed to any others than to ſuch as Willing alſo to do the ſaid mayor and common-
" ſhould be ſo choſen ; as by the ſame his letters " alty à more ample pleaſure in this behalf, we
patents, which we have ſeen, more fully ap “ have of our favourable grace, and from our
“ peareth. And becauſe alſo the lord Henry, s certain knowledge and mere motion, given
- ſometime king of England, the fourth, our " and granted, and by theſe preſents do give and
progenitor, by his letters patents, dated the grant, to the fame mayor and commonalty,
“ twenty-fifth of May, in the firſt year of his " and citizens of the city of London, the afore-
“ reign, of his favourable grace, amongſt other “ ſaid office of keeper of the great beam and
" things, granted to the ſaid citizens of the ſaid “ common-balance, ordained for weighing be-
city, tronage, that is to ſay, the weighing of tween merchant and merchant; and alſo the
“ lead, wax, pepper, allom, madder, and all 's office of the great beam and weights within the
" other ſuch wares within the ſaid city for ever ; " ſaid city, for the weighing of merchandizes of
« which letters patents, we, of our eſpecial grace, avoirdupoiſe, and alſo all weights whatſoever
by our charter dated the twelfth day of July, « within our faid city, and of all ſpices, wares,
“ in the firſt year of our reign, ratified and con “ merchandizes, and all things in our faid city
firmed to the ſame then citizens, and to their « there to be weighed, by whatſoever name the
“ ſucceſſors, as by the ſame letters patents more « faid office is named or known; and do by theſe
fully appeareth ; by which letters patents, and preſents make, ordain, and conſtitute the ſame
" by the continual keeping of the office of beam, mayor, commonalty, and citizens, and their
" balance, weights, and of other the premiſes, “ fucceffors, keepers of the great-beam, balance,
“6 time out of mind, by the faid citizens and " and weights aforeſaid, and other weights what.
" their predeceſſors, and by the exerciſe and oc “ foever; and alſo the weighing of all ſpices,
cupation of the ſame within the ſaid city, with wares, merchandizes, and things in the city
66 aforeſaid
CG
C5

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
189
" aforeſaid there to be weighed, and accuſtomed recorder and ſheriffs were dreſſed in white armour
to be bought and ſold by weight within our with black velvet coats, on which were embroid-
faid city : and alſo we do give and grant, to ered the city arms; they were mounted on beau-
the mayor, commonalty, and citizens of our ciful horſes richly capariſoned, had gold chains
city aforeſaid, authority and power to make, about their necks, velvet caps on their heads,
name and aſſign, from time to time, all, and and in their right hands were gilt battle axes.
" all manner of clerks, 'porters, fervants, and They were attended by proper ſervants richly
“ miniſters of the great beam and balance, and dreſſed, and mounted on horſeback, and the
"s of the iron beam, and of the beam of the whole formed a very pleaſing ſight.
ſtillyard, and weights aforeſaid; and alſo all On the day appointed, early in the morning,
“ other clerks, ſervants, and miniſters to the the muſter was made, and before nine o'clock,
" ſaid office pertaining: and alſo to remove them, they began to march, entering at Aldgate, and
or any of them, and to make, conſtitute, or proceeding through London to Weſtminſter,
“ place other in his or their place, as often as to where they were reviewed by the king and his
" them ſhall ſeem expedient; to have, occupy,
nobles, who expreſſed great ſatisfaction at ſo
s and exerciſe the office aforeſaid, together with ſplendid an appearance; from thence they re-
" the authority and power aforeſaid, to the ſaid turned round St. James's Park, down Holborn,
mayor, and commonalty, and citizens, and co Leadenhall, where the proceſſion cloſed about
their ſucceſſors, by themſelves, their deputy or
five in the afternoon.
deputies, for ever, to their own proper uſe and On the divorcement of queen Catharine, his
“ behoof, together with all and ſingular commo. majeſty eſpouſed Anne Boleyn, or Boloine ; and
“ dities, houſes, advantages, profits, wages, fees, \| intending her coronation, ordered the Lord-may-
" and emoluments, in our time, or in the times or to make all neceſſary preparations for conduct-
“ of any of our progenitors, kings of England,' ing her majeſty from Greenwich to the Tower by
“ due and accuſtomed, pertaining or belonging
water ; and likewiſe that the city might be mag-
to the ſaid office, in as ample manner and form, nificently adorned againſt her proceeding from
as the ſame citizens and their predeceſſors, or
thence to Weſtminſter.
any other perſon or perſons, having or occupy In compliance with the royal precept, the
ing the ſaid office before this time, had and re Lord-mayor ordered all the city companies to at-
36 ceived, or enjoyed the fame: and alſo we give tend him at Billingſgate on the twenty-ninth of
" and grant, by theſe preſenes, to the ſaid mayor, May, at a fixed hour, with their barges properly
commonalty, and citizens, and to their luca decorated, and good bands of muſic. In conſe-
s ceffors, the commodities, houſes, advantages, quence of which fifty barges were prepared, and
profits, fees, and emoluments, and all and about one o'clock ſet off to attend the Lord-
ſingular the premiſes for the exerciſe and occu mayor's barge, which was richly ornamented,
pation of the ſaid office, to the proper uſe and with ſtrict orders to keep at leaſt twice their
" behoof of the ſaid mayor, comwonal y, and
lengths afunder.
66 citizens, and their ſuccefiors, without account, The city barge was preceded by one mounted
other thing, to us or our heirs to be with ordnance, carrying figures of favages, dra-
“ delivered, made, given, or paid, in this be gons, and other hideous creatures vomiting our
“ half, for the premiſes, or any of them, in theſe fire and ſmoak, and making an inceſſant noiſe.
" letters patents ſpecified or contained ; although The city barge was covered with gold brocades,
expreſs mention be not in theſe preſents made and Gilken fails, with two rich ſtandards of the
“s of the true value or certainty of the premiſes, || king's and queen's arms at the head and ſtern,
“ or of their gifts or grants by us to the ſaid with a great variety of ſtreamers and flags, con-
mayor, commonalty, and citizens of the ſaid taining the company's arms and thoſe of the mer-
city, before this tine made ; or any ſtatute, chant-adventurers; and the ſhrouds and rattlings
act, ordinance, proviſion or reſtraint thereof were hung with a great number of ſmall bells,
s made, ordained, or provided to the contrary, which produced a very pleaſing noiſe. On the
or any other thing, cauſe, or matter whatſoever, left of this was a barge exhibiting a mount, on
“ in any wiſe notwithſtanding. In witneſs where which ſtood a white falcon crowned, perched on
6 of we have cauſed theſe our letters to be made a golden ſtump encircled with red and white roſes,
patents. Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter, the the queen's emblem ; and round the mount fac
" thirteenth day of April, in the twenty-ſecond beautiful virgins ſinging and playing melodiouſly.
year of our reign.”
After theſe followed all the companies barges in
their proper order. The queen was ſo highly
In the year 1532, king Henry, fearful of the pleaſed at this grand proceſſion, that on her ar-
conſequences that might ariſe from his intended rival at the Tower, the returned the mayor and
blow on the pope's ſupremacy, and deſirous of citizens her hearty chanks for their magnificent
knowing his own ſtrength, ordered a general attendance.
muſter to be made of the moſt defenſible men Two days after, in her majeſty's proceſſion
within the city of London, from the age of ſixteen from the Tower of London, through the city to
to fixty, to be held at Mile-end ; with an account Weſtminſter, ſhe was received at the Tower-gate
of the weapons, armour, and other military ac by the Lord-mayor in a gown of crimſon velvet,
coutrements belonging to the city. In compli and a rich collar of SS, attended by the Theriffs
ance with this requeſt of his majeſty, the citizens and two domeftics in red and white damalk.
were cloathed in white, with caps and feathers of From the Tower to Temple-bar the ſtreets were
the like colour; and the Lord-mayor, aldermen, new gravelled, and railed in on each ſide; within
16
B bb
which,
or any

190
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
which, near Gracechurch, ftood the Anſeatic her happy arrival. She then proceeded to Grace-
merchants, and next to them the ſeveral corpora church corner, where was erected a magnificent
tions of the city in their reſpective formalities, pageant, repreſenting Parnaffus, with the fountain
reaching to the aldermens ſtation at the farther of Helicon, in white marble, from which were
end of Cheaplide: On the other ſide were placed four ſprings iſſuing out Rheniſh wine, which cen-
the city conitables, dreſſed in filk and velvet, tered in a ſmall globe at the ſummit, and conti-
with ſtaves in their hands to keep off the croud, nued running plentifully all day: on the mount
and prevent diſturbances. Gracechurch-ſtreet and ſat Apollo, and at his feet Caliope; under whom
Cornhill were hung with crimſon and ſcarlet were the reſt of the muſes playing on muſical in-
cloth, and Goldſmiths Row in Cheapſide with ſtruments; and at their feet were inſcribed, in
velvet and gold brocades.
letters of gold, epigrams adapted for the oc-
Twelve of the French ambaſſador's ſervants caſion.
preceded the proceſſion; they were dreſſed in At Leadenhall was another ſtately pageant,
blue velvet, mounted on horſes trapped with blue repreſenting a hillock encompaſſed with red and
farſenets interſperſed with white croffes; after white roſes, above which was a golden ſtump,
whom marched thoſe of the equeſtrian order, and a litele higher a tippe with a celeſtial roſe,
two and two, followed by the judges in their from which deſcended a white falcon, which
robes ; after them the knights of the Bath, in perched on the ſtump; this was foon followed by
violet gowns trimmed with meniver; then the ab. an angel in a celeſtial choir who put a crown of
bots, barons, biſhops, earls and marquiſes in gold upon his head. On the hillock, a little
their robes, two and two; after theſe the lord lower, ſat St. Anne, ſurrounded by her progeny,
chancellor, venetian ambaſador, and archbiſhop one of whom addreſſed the queen in a ſpeech,
of York; next the ambaffador of France and wiſhing her majeſty bleſſed with a happy iflue.
the archbiſhop of Canterbury, followed by two
At the conduit'in Cornhill the graces ſat en-
gentlemen who repreſented the dukes of Nor throned, with a fountain before them inceſſantly
mandy and Aquitain; then proceeded the Lord playing with wine, and underneath a poet deſcrib-
mayor of London with his mace, and Garter in ing their peculiar qualities, and preſenting the
his coat of arms; then the duke of Suffolk, lord queen with their ſeveral preſents. The great
high ſteward, and the lord Howard as deputy conduit oppoſite Mercer's-hall in Cheapfide, was
marſhal of England; next followed all the other beautifully painted with a variety of curious eni-
great officers of ſtate in their robes, carrying the blems, and which, for the entertainment of the
fymbols of their ſeveral offices; theſe were fol populace, ran all day with a diverſity of rich
lowed by the nobility in crimſon velvet, and all wines. The ſtandard in Woodſtreer was beauti-
the queen's officers in ſcarlet, followed by her fully ornamented with royal protraitures, encon.
chancellor uncovered, who immediately preceded pafíed by a number of flags, on which were
his miſtreſs fitting in a litter or chair covered with painted coats of arms and trophies; and above
tiſſue of ſilver, and drawn by two beautiful pads was a fine concert of muſic, both vocal and in-
cloathed in white damaſk, and led by her footmen. ſtrumental. When her majeſty arrived at the
Her majeſty was dreſſed in a ſilver brocade, with aldermens ſtation near the little conduit at the up-
a mantle of the ſame furred with ermine. Her per end of Cheapſide, John Baker, the recorder,
hair hung looſe, and on her head was a chaplet after addreſſing her with an elegant ſpeech, pre-
adorned with jewels of ineſtimable value. Over ſented her, in the name of the citizens, with a
the litter was a canopy of cloth of gold, fup- || purſe of golden tiſſue, containing one thouſand .
ported by ſixteen knights alternately, four at a marks, which her majeſty gratefully received.
time, with a ſilver bell hanging at each corner. On the little conduit, in a rich pageant, were
Her majeſty's chamberlain followed next, and feated Pallas, Juno and Venus; before whom
after him her maſter of horſe leading a ſtately ſtood Mercury, who, in their names preſented
pad with a fide faddle, and trappings of filver the queen with a golden baļl trebly divided, re-
ciſſue; next to theſe came feven ladies in crimſon
preſenting the three gifts of Wiſdom, Riches, and
velvet, faced with gold brocade, and mounted on Felicity. At the gate of St. Paul's a ſtately pa-
beautiful horſes richly trapped with gold; theſe geant preſented itſelf; in which three ladies fump-
were followed by two chariots covered with cloth tuouſly dreſſed, with chaplets on their heads, ex-
of gold, in which were the dutcheſs of Norfolk, hibited various inſcriptions adapted for the occa-
and marchioneſs of Dorſet in the firſt, and in the fion. As her majeſty paſſed St. Paul's ſchool,
fecond four ladies in crimſon velvet; next came ſhe was highly entertained with verſes made by
ſeveral ladies in the ſame apparel on horſeback, the ſcholars in praiſe of herſelf and the king.
adorned with beautiful trappings, then a third Ludgate was on this occaſion beautifully
chariot all in white, carrying lix ladies in crimſon ornamented; and on the top were men and
velvet; then a fourth all in red, in which were boys ſinging in concert during the proceſſion,
eight ladies in the ſame dreſs; then thirty gentle At the end of Shoe-lane, Fleet-ſtreet was erected a
women, attendants on the ladies of honour, on handſome tower with four turrets, in each of
horſeback, dreſſed in ſilks and velvets; and the which ftood a cardinal virtue, and their ſymbols;
whole was cloſed by the guards well mounted and who, addreſſing themſelves to the queen, promiſed,
elegantly accoutred.
never to leave her, but be always her conſtant
On her majeſty's arrival in Fenchurch-ſtreet ſhe attendants; the conduit ran all the time with va-
ſtopped at a beautiful pageant, crowded with riety of wines, and in the tower was a fine con-
children in mercatorial habits; who, addreſſing cert of muſic. At Temple-bar her majeſty was
themſelves to her majeſty, congratulated her on again entertained with fongs ſung in. concert by
men

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
I9I
men and boys; and proceeding from thence to The magiſtrates of the city of London had
Weſtminſter, ſhe there diſmiſſed the Lord-mayor, till now permitted foreign butchers to bring their
returning him her ſincere and hearty thanks for meat on Wedneſdays and Saturdays to Leaden-
his good offices, and thoſe of the citizens that day. hall-ſtreet, and to ſell it on ſtalls before the citi-
The day after being appointed for her majeſty's zens houſes, who made conſiderable advantage of
coronation, the Lord-mayor and aldermen at the ground on which they ſtood : but it being
tended the ceremony in their proper ſtations, and now thought that the city revenue might be
in the ſame dreſſes, as the preceding day. The greatly augmented by erecting ſtalls in Leaden-
king, as a mark of gratitude and affection to the hall, and obliging all butchers to repair to them,
citizens, on the Wedneſday following, invited it was ordered, by the court of aldermen, that
the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and forty of the they ſhould ſell their meat in Leadenhall-market,
principals co the chriſtening of his daughter the and no where elſe.
princeſs Elizabeth.
CHAPTER XXX.
The lord-chancellor and the biſhop of Rocheſter beheaded on Tower-hill. A conduit ere&ted at
Aldgate. Queen Anne Boleyn bebeaded. Suppreffion of religious houſes. Grand muſter of
the city militia. Invention of leaden pipes. Impriſonment of the ſheriffs by the Houſe of
Commons for breach of privilege. A law made to prevent luxurious eating. Return of the
plague. The king borrows a large ſum of money of the citizens. Alderman Read preſed,
and ſent to Scotland as a common ſoldier. Tythes of the clergy aſcertained. Incorporation
of St. Bartholomew's hoſpital. Coronation of Edward VI. Parade of the city watch re-
vived. The protector ſent to the Tower. Edward VIth's charter, granting parcels of land
in Southwark, &c.
I
66
66
65
N the year 1534 John Fiſher, biſhop of Ro-
cheſter, and Sir Thomas More, lord chan-
cellor, was committed to the Tower for ob-
jecting to ſwear to the act of ſucceſſion, particu-
larly that part of it wherein the marriage with
queen Catharine was declared to be unlawful;
and likewiſe to another act that paſſed afterwards
for the king's fupremacy, and for aboliſhing the
pope's power in this kingdom ; for which they
were attainted by parliament, and both execut-
ed on Tower-hill; the biſhop in June 1535, and
Sir Thomas the month following.
The following year a conduit was erected, by
the contribution of the public, on the ſouth ſide
of the ſtreet, juſt without Aldgate, to receive
water from Hackney, for the convenience of the
inhabitants in that part of the city. In the ſame
year an act was paſſed for paving the high ſtreets
from Holborn-bridge to the bars, to be kept in
repair at the expence of the ground-landlords.
By an act of parliament paſſed this year for
the better conſervation of the river Thames, it
was enacted, “ that if any perſon or perfons do,
or procure any thing to be done, in the annoy-
ing of the ſtream of the ſaid river of Thames,
« making of ſhelfs by any manner of means, by
mining digging, caſting of dung, or rubbiſh
any other thing into the ſaid river, or
“ take, pluck, or convey any boards, ſtakes,
“ piles, timber work, or other thing, from
" the ſaid banks or walls, (except it be to
amend, and the ſame to repair again) or dig,
" or undermine any banks or walls, on the water-
e ſide of the Thames aforeſaid, to the hurt, im-
pairing, or damage, of the ſaid walls or banks,
" then the ſaid perſon or perſons, and every of
" them, ſhall forfeit and pay for every thing fo
offending, 100s. one moiety thereof to be to the
king, and the other moiety thereof to the mayor
65 and commonalty of the city of London, by
66 bill or complaint, writ of debt, or information,
ſeverally againſt every offender, in any of the
king's courts in which actions and ſuits, or any
“s of them, the party defendant ſhall not be afa
ſoigned, or wage his law, or any protection to
66 be allowed the ſame.” And it was further
enacted, “ that if any perſon that ſhall have the
“ office and ordering of ballaſting of ſhips near
" the ſaid river of Thames, and do not take for
“ parcel of the ſaid ballaſting, the gravel and
CG ſand of the ſhelfs between Greenwich and
Richmond, within the ſaid river of Thames,
or in any place or places, that is or ſhall be
unto the damage or annoyance of the ſaid river
“ of Thames, or in any part thereof, that then,
upon every ſuch complaint, the lord chancel-
66. lor, lord treaſurer, lord preſident of the king's
" moſt honourable council, lord privy ſeal, and
every of them, calling both the juſtices of
66 either bench, or one of them, ſhall have power
« and authority from time to time to hear and
“ finally determine every ſuch complaint by their
“ diſcretion, and to put ſuch order therein, for
66 the taking of ballaſt for ſhips upon every ſuch
complaint, as by their diſcretion ſhall ſeem moft
convenient for the preſervation of the ſaid river
“ of Thaines; and the parties offending ſuch
46 order ſhall ſuffer impriſonment, and be fined
“ five pounds to the king's uſe, for every time
“ offending or breaking the fame. With this
“ proviſo, chat any perſon may dig, carry, and
“ take away fand, gravel or rubbiſh, earth, or
66
or
66
46 thing

HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
192
66
a
65
" thing, lying or being in or upon any ſhelve or “s kept and obſerved, and like penalty to be paid
66 ſhelfs within the ſaid river of the Thames.” by every perſon that burns alhes and ſtraw in
" their houſes, or waſh in the common-ſtreets or
In the month of May, in the year 1536 queen lanes, and to be recovered as aforeſaid; and
Anne Boleyn, ſecond wife to king Henry VIII. one moiety thereof to be to the Lord-mayor and
was beheaded on the green within the Tower of commonalty, and the other moiety between the
London.
" conſtable and the informer : and that the con-
On the twenty-firſt of October 1537, king 66 ſtable that ſhall refuſe to do his duty in this
Henry, by the miniſtry of his vicar-general Crom caſe, ſhall pay 35. 4d. for every offence, re-
well, ordered the church of St. Thomas of Acres, coverable in the ſame manner, and for the ſame
otherwiſe Thomas of Becket, in London, to be so uſes. And that no perſon or perſons, having
fupprefed. On the 16th of November, the wharf or houſe by the water-lide, ſhall make
Black-friars ; and on the 17th the White-friars, " their lay-{talls where the common rakers of
the Grey-friars, and the Carthufian-monks of the es this city uſe to lay all their ſoilage, to be car-
Charter-houſe, underwent the ſame fate.
“ ried away by them in their dung-boats: and
The common council of the city of London so that the ſaid rakers ſhall lay their dung to be
paffed an act in purſuance of the ſtatute of the 16 carried away in boats, at ſuch places as ſhall be
twenty-ſeventh of Henry VIII. for the conſerva os appointed by the Lord mayor and the court of
tion of the river Thames, whereby it was enact aldermen, under the penalty of five pounds for
ed, “ that proclamation ſhould be made within every offence.” Which act or ordinance is ſtill
" this city, and the ſame to be put in writing, || in force.
“' and tables thereof made, and ſet up in divers King Henry having ſuſpected the conſequences
“ places of this city, that it ſhall be lawful to of throwing off the ſpiritual yoke of Rome, and
every perſon to dig, carry away, and take away finding that the pope had ſtirred up the emperor
“ fand, gravel, or any rubbiſh, earth, or any and the French king againſt him, began to pre-
" thing, lying and being in any ſhelve or ſhelfts pare for the worſt ; for which purpoſe he fortified
"s within the ſaid river of Thames, without let the coaſts of his kingdom, put his navy in tho-
or interruption of any perſon, and without any rough repair, and ordered another general mufter
thing paying for the ſame : and after that to to be made, at Mile-end, of all the citizens from
e fell the ſame away, or otherwiſe to occupy or the age of ſixteen to ſixty. Excluſive of pioneers
diſpoſe of the ſaid gravel, fand, or other thing, and other attendants, this army, conſiſting of
" at their free liberty and pleaſure. And that all three diviſions of 5000 men each, marched
paviours, bricklayers, tylers, maſons, and all through the city to Weſtminſter, where they were
66 others, that occupy ſand or gravel, ſhall en reviewed by the king, queen, and nobles, who
deavour themſelves, with all diligence, to oc expreſſed great fatisfaction at ſo ſplendid and
cupy the ſaid fand or gravel, and none other, numerous a body. This was the greateſt muſter
paying for the ſame reaſonably, as they ſhould that ever was made by the citizens of London.
" and ought to pay for other ſand or gravel, dig. In conſideration of the great wiſdom and dif-
“ ged out of other men's grounds about the ſaid cretion of Paul Wythyn Pool, an order of com-
“ city. That further application be made to mon.council was made on the 22d of October
". his majeſty, that all perſons having lands or 1539, by which he was empowered to be preſent
« tenements along the ſaid river ſide, ſhall well at all common-councils, and elections of mayors
" and ſufficiently repair and maintain all the walls and ſheriffs. An honour never before conferred
" and banks adjoining unto their faid lands, ſo on any unqualified citizen.
" that the water may not, nor fhall break in upon The king, having reſtrained the annual cuſtom
the fame. And that ſtrong grates of iron
of the city watch, owing to its great expence,
along the ſaid water. ſide, and alſo by the ſtreet endeavoured to preſerve the manly exerciſe of
“ lide, where any water courſe is had into the ſhooting, by granting a charter to the company of
" ſaid Thames, be made by the inhabitants of archers, who were called the fraternity of St.
es each ward, ſo along the ſaid water, as of old || George ; by which they had a power to uſe and
« times has been accuſtomed : and that every exerciſe ſhooting at all manner of marks as well
grate be in height twenty-four inches at the in the city as fuburbs, with long bows, croſs bows,
“ leaſt, as the place ſhall need ; and in breadth and hand-guns : with this clauſe, that in caſe any
one from another one inch.” And further, || perſons were ſhot and Nain in theſe ſports by ſome
" that if the occupiers of the ſaid lands and te arrow ſhot by theſe archers, he was not to be ſued
“ nements made default contrary to the ordinance or moleſted, if he had, immediately before he
" aforeſaid, or elſe if any perſon or perfons, in ſhot, uſed that common word Faſt. The chief-
" great rains or at other times, ſweep their ſoil tain of theſe archers was called prince Arthur,
ss age, or filth of their houſes, into the channel, and the reſt of them his knights. The principal
« and the ſame afterwards is conveyed into the || place of exerciſing their ſport was Mile-end,
“ Thames, every perſon ſo offending ſhall for where they were frequently honoured with the
s feit for every ſuch default is. 8d. and that preſence of the king himſelf.
upon complaint to be made to any conſtable The river Thames was at this time ſo empty,
next adjoining to the ſaid place, where any | owing to an exceſſive drought, that the ſalt water
as ſuch default ſhall be found, or his ſufficient flowed above London-bridge. At the ſame time
deputy for the time being, from time to time, the uſeful art of making leaden pipes without
" to diftrain for the ſaid offence, and to retain uſing folder, for the conveyance of water under-
" the ſame irreplagiable. And a like law to be
ground
10
CC

HIS TORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
193
ground was invented by Robert Brock, chaplain watering of the city and its liberties; and that
to the king
“ the mayor and citizens ſhould have power to
In the year 1542 the Houſe of Commons hav bring water to the ſaid conduits from Hampſtead.
ing ſent their ferjeant at arms to demand the re heath, St. Mary-le-bone, Hackney, and Muf-
leaſement of George Ferrars, member of Ply “ well-hill, upon their indemnifying the owners
mouth, who had been arreſted at the ſuit of one " of lands for damages that might be done by
White, for two hundred marks, the ſheriffs and " the ſaid water-courſes, &c."
their officers belonging to the Compter, then ſitu-
ated in Bread-ftreet, aſſaulted the ſaid ſerjeant at This year the plague raged ſo violently in
arms, and broke his mace: for which they were London, that a great number of citizens died,
ordered to attend the houſe; when, after a ſevere and the term was adjourned to St. Alban’s.
reprimand for their contempt, the ſheriffs and In the year 1544 died Sir John Allen, Lord.
White were committed priſoners to the Tower ; mayor of London, and privy-counſellor to the
one of their clerks to a room in the ſaid place | king. He gave a rich collar of gold to be worn
called little eaſe ; and the arreſting officer, with by his fucceffors, and five hundred marks to be
four others, to Newgate; where they continued ſtock for ſea-coal; and the rents of his lands he
for a conſiderable time, till, by the interpofition diftributed to the poor in each ward for ever.
of the Lord-mayor, and the perſeverance of ma He was buried at St. Thomas of Acres, in a
ny friends, they were, by an order of the houſe, chapel built by himſelf. The manner of this
diſcharged.
gentleman's funeral was very different from that
The king at this time firſt granted a privilege of Margaret Atkinſon, who by her will, dated
for printing the bible in Engliſh to a bookſeller in October 18, in the ſame year, appointed, that,
London. In the ſame year an act of parliament on the Sunday after her interment, a collation
paffed, by which it was enacted, that Algate-high- || ihould be provided by her executors for the en-
ſtreet, (from the gate to Whitechapel church) tertainment of her fellow pariſhioners, to conſiſt
Chancery-lane, High-holbourn, (from the bars of two dozen of bread, a kilderkin of ale, two
eaſtward to St. Giles's) Gray’s-in-lane, Shoe-lane gammons of bacon, three ſhoulders of mutton,
and Fetter-lane, ſhould be paved with ſtone, as and four rabbits, to be eaten in the church, on a
other ſtreets were in the city.
table for that purpoſe provided.
In the year 1543 ſo great a mortality raged a. The king being in great diſtreſs for money to
mong the horned cattle that meat became excef carry on the war with Scotland, the twelve com-
ſive dear. To remedy which the Lord-mayor || panies lent him 21,2631. 6s. 8d, on mortgage of
and common council made a ſumptuary law for crown lands, 'for that purpoſe. This not being
preventing luxurious eating, whereby it was or ſufficient his majeſty afterwards fentcommiſſioners
dained, that the Lord-mayor ſhould not have into the city to affeſs the Londoners in an arbi-
more than ſeven diſhes at either dinner or ſupper; trary manner by way of benevolence. To this
the aldermen and ſheriffs no more than fix; the arbitrary proceeding Richard Read, an alderman,
ſword-bearer, four; and the mayor and ſheriffs not only objected; but abſolutely refuſed paying
officers three; on the penalty of forty ſhillings the ſum demanded; for which he was preſſed,
for every ſupernumerary diſh. And by the fame and ſent to Scotland to ſerve as a common ſoldier;
authority it was enacted, that neither the mayor, where he was taken priſoner, and, after undergo-
aldermen, nor ſheriffs ſhould, after the enſuing || ing great hardſhips, was compelled to pay a con-
Eaſter, buy cranes, fwans, or buſtards, on the ſiderable ranſom for his liberty.
penalty of twenty ſhillings for every fowl fo This year an act of parliament pafled, in which
bought.
it was enacted, that every perſon poſſeſſed of four
Another act of parliament paſſed this year, by hundred marks in real and perſonal eſtate, was
which it was enacted, that the ſtreets called properly qualified to ſerve on the grand jury.
Whitecroſs. ſtreet, Chiſwell-itreet, Grub-ftreet, And the ſame parliament enacted that every citi-
Shoreditch, Goſwell-ſtreet, St. John's-ſtreet, Cow zen and inhabitant within the city and liberty
croſs-ftreet, Wych-ftreetHolywell-ftreet, near thereof ſhould, for every ten ſhillings annual
St. Clements Danes, the Strand, from Temple rent, pay to the vicars of their reſpective pariſhes
bar to Strand-bridge, Petty-france in Weſtmin one ſhilling and four-pence, and two ſhillings
ſter, Water-lane in Fleet-ſtreet, Long-lane in and nine pence for every rent of twenty ſhillings;
Smithfield, and the Butcher-row without Temple and ſo in proportion as the rents might be
bar, ſhould be paved with ſtone, and a channel || higher.
made in the middle, at the expence of the ground The citizens, who had before rejected the king's
landlords in each ſtreet. And it was further requeſt, and thereby incurred his diſpleaſure, now
enacted, “ that the Lord-mayor, aldermen, &c. recovered his affection, by voluntarily fitting out
“ of London ſhall have power to enquire inco, one thouſand foot, at their own expence, to rein-
“ hear, and determine the defaults of paving, and force the army in France. In conſequence of this
$ reparation of ſtreets; and that any three jul aſſiſtance peace was proclaimed between England
“ tices in London, whereof the mayor to be one, and France, on Whitſunday, in the year 1546.
may ſet fine upon ſuch as do not pave and re. On this occaſion a ſolemn proceſſion was made
pair any ſtreet in London, or the liberties from St. Paul's church to Leadenhall, and back
as thereof, to be levied by diſtreſs or action, &c. again. It conſiſted of a number of men carrying
s by the chamberlain, to the uſe of the mayor the parochial ſilver croſſes, followed by the pariſh
" and commonalty of the ſaid city.” And it was clerks, choriſters and prieſts in London, toge-
further enacted, " that the conduits of London ther with the choir of St. Paul's in their richeſt
" ſhould be made and repaired, for the better copes, followed by the different companies of the
17
Сcc
city
66

194
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
on
city in their liveries ; and the proceflion was “ giving evidence upon oath.” In this act are
cloſed by the Lord-mayor and aldermen dreſſed included butchers, bakers, brewers, poulterers,
in their ſcarlet robes.
cooks, &c. And all juſtices of the peace, mayors,
Claude Annebaur, high-admiral of France, and bailiffs, &c. in their ſeſſions, leers and courts,
the French ambaſſador extraordinary, after hav have full power and authority to enquire, hear,
ing made his public entry into London, was, by and determine, all and ſingular the offence againſt
the citizens, preſented with four large filver fa this ſtatute, and to cauſe offenders to be pu-
gons, richly gilt, with many other valuables. niſhed.
The better to enforce the powers granted by a In the year 1548 the march of the city watch,
late act of parliament for ſupplying the city with which had been diſcontinued by command of
water, the common-council this year granted two king Henry VIII. was ievived by Sir John Gre-
fifteenths for erecting a conduit in Lothbury, fam the mayor. The proceſſion received an ad-
which was built near St. Margaret's church; and ditional ſplendor from three hundred light horſe-
to bring water from Dame-Annis-the-clear, at men, which had been raiſed by the citizens for
the ſouth-eaſt entrance of the village of Hoxton. the ſervice of the king.
The earl of Surry, eldeſt ſon to the duke of This year London was again viſited by a plague
Norfolk, was tried by a common jury at Guild which took off a great number of its inhabitants.
hall, before the Lord-mayor, for high treaſon, The privy-counſellors being highly diſſatisfied
and notwithſtanding the excellent defence he with the conduct of the protector, (the duke of
made, was convicted, condemned, and executed Somerſet) found means, by ſtratagem, to ſecure
on Tower-hill. His father was ſo near ſharing the Tower of London, of which they ſubſtituted
the ſame fate, that the warrant for his execution a new governor, and armed themſelves and do.
had been ſent to the lieutenant of the Tower, but meſtics. The earl of Warwick, with his accom-
the king dying between the date of the warrant plices, retired to London, where he drew up a
and the execution, his life was preſerved.
charge againſt the duke, which he cauſed, by
King Henry VIII. having diffolved the priory conſent of the mayor, to be proclaimed in differ-
and old hoſpital of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, ent parts of the city. They likewiſe demanded
he, in the laſt year of his reign, founded it anew, a ſupply of five hundred men, and importuned
and endowed it with the annual revenue of five the mayor and aldermen to put the city in a pof-
hundred marks, on condition that the city (hould ture of defence. The magiſtrates fo far agreed,
pay an equal ſum. The propoſal being accepted, as to order che ſeveral companies to mount guard
the new foundation was incorporated by the alternately, but would not proceed any farther
name of “ The hoſpital of the mayor, common without conſulting the common council :
alty, and citizens of London, governors for the which meeting the mayor and aldernen pro-
poor, called Little St. Bartholomew's, near duced the king's letter to the city, demanding
“ Weft-Smithfield.”
five hundred men completely armed, to be fent
The coronation of Edward VI. being appoint to him immediately at Windfor. Robert Brook,
ed on the twenty-fourth of February, his ma the recorder, earneſtly requeſted them to ſupply
jeſty, attended by the nobility, rode on horſe the lords with that number, as it would enable
back, in the greateſt pomp, from the Tower of them to bring the protector to an account, and
London to Weſtminſter. The ſtreets on this oc thereby redreſs the grievances of an injured na-
caſion were ſumptuouſly adorned, and in divers tion. He was heard by the court with profound
places were erected the moſt ſtately pageants. At filence, till George Stadlow roſe, who, after re-
St. Paul's his majeſty was particularly diverted citing the bad conſequences of the city's joining
by a Spaniard, who did down a rope, head fore the barons againſt king Henry III. ſaid, “Where-
moſt, on his breaſt, from the battlements of St. “ fore, as this aid is required of the king's ma-
Paul's ſteeple, to the Dean's gate, in the church “ jeſty, whoſe voice we ought to hearken unto,
yard.
“ our high ,
" the lords; and
yet
daily concerted by the journeymen and labourers, to be clearly ſhaken off; but they with us, and
being found very detrimental to trade, the par with them, may join in fuit, and make our
liament, among other things, enacted, “ That “ moſt humble petition to the king's majeſty,
“ if any artificers, workmen, or labourers, do " that it would pleaſe his majeſty to hear ſuch
" conſpire, covenant, or promiſe together, that “ complaint againſt the government of the lord-
“ they ſhall not make or do their work but at a " protector, as may be juſtly alledged and prov-
« certain price or rate, or ſhall not enterprize or
« ed: and I doubt not but this matter will be pae
“ take upon them to finiſh that work which ano “cified ; that neither ſhall the king, nor yet the
“ther hath begun, or ſhall do but a certain work « lords have cauſe to ſeek for further aid, neither
“ in a day, or ſhall not work but at certain hours “ we to offend either of them.” This ſpeech
times; that then every perſon ſo conſpir had ſo good an effect, that the court broke up
“ ing, covenanting, or offending, being thereof without coming to any reſolution. After which
66 convicted by witneſſes, confeſſion, or otherwiſe, the lords held a conference with the mayor and
« ſhall forfeit for the firſt offence ten pounds, or aldermen, wherein it was reſolved to diſpatch Sir
« have twenty days impriſonment; for the fe Philip Hobby with credentials to his majeſty, in-
« cond offence, twenty pounds, or pillory ; and ploring him to permit the ſaid Sir Philip to deli-
« for a third offence, forty pounds, or to ſit on ver their meſſage, and to credit what he ſhould
66 the pillory, and to have one ear cut off, beſides declare in their names. Sir Philip delivered him-
s being rendered infamous, and incapable of || ſelf with ſuch firmneſs and pertinence to the
kinga
66
we
OF

HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON.
195
s.
66
2
O
I
I
O
66
2
8
8
I
I
I
O
king, in the preſence of the protector, that his The king was ſo highly pleaſed with the con-
majeſty commanded the protector immediately to duct of the citizens in the late application made
withdraw, and ſoon after committed him priſoner to them by the diſcontented lords, and ſo well fa-
to Beauchamp's tower, in Windſor caſtle ; from tisfied of their attachment and affection to his
whence he was conducted to the Tower of Lon royal houſe and perſon, that he granted them the
don.
following charter:
A combination being at this time held between
the graziers, ſaleſmen, and others, to enhance " Edward the ſixth, by the grace of God, king
the price of butchers meat in London, the follow " of England, France, and Ireland, defender
in prices were ſtipulated by order of the king and “ of the faith, and on earth ſupreme head of the
council.
" church of England and Ireland; to all to whom
" thefe preſent letters ſhall come, greeting.
From Midſummer to Michaelmas.
" Know ye, that for the ſum of ſix hundred
" and forty-ſeven pounds two ſhillings and a
2. d.
penny, of lawful money of England, paid to
The beſt fat ox to be ſold at
5
- the hands of the treaſurer of our court of
The beſt fteers and runts
5
augmentation and revenues of our crown, to
The beſt heifers and kine
2
our uſe, by our well beloved the mayor and
“ commonalty and citizens of the city of Lon-
From Hollowmas to Chriſtmas.
“ don, whereof we acknowledge us to be fully
6 ſatisfied and paid, and the mayor and com-
The beſt fat ox to be fold at
6
" monalty and citizens and their ſucceſſors to
The beſt ſteers and runts
6 “ be thereof acquitted and diſcharged by theſe
The beſt heifers and kine
3
preſents; and for other cauſes and conſide-
" rations, us thereunto eſpecially moving, have
From Chriſtmas to Shrovetide.
56 of our ſpecial grace, and from our certain
" knowledge and mere notion, and alſo with
The beſt fat ox to be ſold at
8
4 " the advice of our council, given and granted,
The beſt ſteers and runts
8
4
66 and by theſe preſents do give and grantz
. to
" the ſaid mayor, commonalty, and citizens of
Froin ſhearing-time to Michaelmas. " the city of London, all that our meſſuage or
tenement, with the appurtenances, now or
The beſt fat weather to be ſold at
“ late in the tenure of Simon Sebatſon, ſituate
If ſhorn
" and being next our manſion, late Charles,
The beſt fat ewe
" late duke of Suffolk's, in Southwark, in the
If ſhorn
county of Surry; and all that our meſſuage or
tenement with the appurtenances, next the
From Michaelmas to Shrovetide,
“ broad gate of the fame our manſion in South-
< wark aforeſaid, and all that our clofe of ground
The beſt fat weather, at
O4
" called Moulter's cloſe, containing by eſtimation
If ſhorn
o
3
15 acres, lying in Newington, in our ſaid coun-
ty of Surry; and all that our cloſe of ground
In the year 1550 the river Thames ebbed and
containing by eſtimation two acres, now or late
flowed thrice within the ſpace of nine hours, 66 in the tenure of John Parrow, lying or being
occaſioned by a violent eaſterly wind repelling " in St. George's Dunghill, in the pariſh of St.
the ebb before it could peform its natural George in Southwark aforeſaid ; and alſo all
courſe.
“ that one cloſe of ground, late in the tenure of
This fame year a great dearth of proviſions “ John Billington, lying in Lambeth-marſh, in the
happening, the king and council ſettled the fol. “ pariſh of Lambeth, in the ſaid county of Surry:
lowing prices:
" and alſo all thoſe our 39 acres and three rods
“ of meadow, with the appurtenances, now or
White wheat, the quarter at
13 " late in the poſſeſſion of William Baſely, lying
Red ditto at
II
“ and being in divers parcels, in the field called
All other forts of ditto at
8
“ St. George's field, in the pariſh of St. George,
Malt the beſt, the quarter at
66 in Southwark, in our ſaid county of Surry; and
Second ſort of ditto at
8
one meſſuage or tenement of ours ſituate near
Rye the beſt, the quarter at
7 “ Broad-gates in Southwark aforeſaid ; and all
Second fort of ditto at
6
" thoſe our two meſſuages or tenements, and one
Barley the beſt at
9 « chamber, and three ſtables, and one garden of
Second ſort of ditto at
7
ours, with all their appurtenances, ſituate and
Beans and peas the beſt, the quarter at 5
being in Southwark aforeſaid ; all and ſingular
Second fort of ditto at
3
"s which premiſes ſometimes parcels of the poſ-
Oats, the quarter at
4
" ſeſions and hereditaments of Charles duke of
The beſt ſweet butter, the pound at
i G Suffolk; and all other the meſſuages,, lands,
Effex barrelled butter, the pound at
os " tenements, rents, reverſions, and hereditaments
All ſorts of other barrelled butter at
01 / 플 ​66 whatſoever, with all their appurtenances in
Efex cheeſe, the pound at
« Southwark, in the ſaid county of Surry, which
All other forts of ditto at
" were the aforeſaid Charles duke of Suffolk's,
4
3
2
4
O
6
оо
2
0
4
O
66
O
O
E.
O
IO
o
ооооо
осоо
1
65 and

196
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
C6
66
" and which were lately purchaſed by our dear fa-
" ther, Henry the VIIIth, late king of England,
66 of the ſame Charles late duke of Suffolk ; ex-
cept nevertheleſs always to us, and to our heirs
" and ſucceſſors, all that our capital meſſuage
66 and manſion-houſe called Southwark-place, in
“ Southwark aforeſaid, late the duke of Suf-
“ folk's, and all gardens and ground to the ſame
adjoining or appertaining, and all our park in
" Southwark aforeſaid, and all the meſſuages,
" and all the buildings and grounds, called the
" Antelope there.
“ Furthermore we give, and for the conſidera-
« tion aforeſaid, and with the advice aforeſaid, do
« by theſe preſents grant, to the aforeſaid mayor
" and commonalty, and to the citizens of the
“ faid city of London, all that our lordſhip and
manor of Southwark, with their rights, mem-
“ bers, and appurtenances, in the ſaid county of
“ Surry, late pertaining to the late monaſtery of
“ Bermondſey, in the ſaid county ; and all mef-
“ ſuages, houſes, buildings, barns, ſtables, dove-
“ houſes, ponds, pools, ſprings, orchards, gar-
" dens, lands, tenements, meadows, feedings,
paſtures, commons, wafte.ſtreet, void-ground-
rents, reverfions, ſervices, court-leet, view of
frank-pledge, chattels, waives, ſtrays, free-
warren, and all other rights, profits, commo-
66 dities, emoluments, and hereditaments, what-
“ foever, in Southwark aforeſaid, to the ſaid lord-
fhip and manor of Southwark, by any means
belonging, or being before this time accounted,
“ known, or taken as member or parcel of the
“ faid lordſhip and manor, (except before ex-
“ cepted). Furthermore we give, and for the
“ conſideration aforeſaid, and with the aſſent
" aforeſaid, by theſe preſents do grant, unto the
" ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens, all
our manor and borough of Southwark, with
“ all their rights, members, and appurtenances,
“ in the ſaid county of Surry, late parcel of the
poſſeſſions of the archbiſhop and archbiſhopric
" of Canterbury, and all our annual rent of 3s.
“ 2d. ob. and the ſervices going out of the lands
" and tenements ſometimes of John Burcetor,
knight, and now or late in the tenure of William
“ Glaffcock, eſq; in Southwark aforeſaid: and all
“ that our yearly rent of 3s. and ſervice going
out of the houſe or tenement called the Swan,
6 in Southwark aforeſaid : and all that our yearly
“ rent of 45. rod. and the ſervice going out of
“ the meſſuage or tenement called the Mermaid,
“ in Southwark aforeſaid : and all that the yearly
rent of is. 8d. a quarter, and the ſervice go-
“ ing out of the meſſuage or tenement called the
“ Helmet, in the borough of Southwark aforeſaid:
6 and all that our annual rent of 16s. and the
" ſervices going out of the meſſuage or tenement
“ called the Horſe-head, in the borough of South-
66 wark aforeſaid: and alſo all that our annual
“ rent of 6s, 4d. and the ſervices going out of
" the meſfuage or tenement called the Gleyne, in
" Southwark aforeſaid : and all that our annual
“ rent of 25. a quarter, and the ſervices going
« out of the meſſuage or tenement called the
" the Roſe; and one acre of ground lying in the
6 Lock, in Southwark aforeſaid : and all that our
« annual rent of 2od. a quarter, and the ſervices
going out of the meſuage or tenement called
66.che Lamb, in Southwark aforeſaid, pertaining to
“ the company of Fiſhmongers of London: and
«s alſo all that our annual rent of 2od. a quarter,
" and the ſervice going out of one meſſuage or
“ tenement, pertaining to the ſaid ſociety of Fiſh-
mongers in London, called the Bale, in South-
56 wark aforeſaid: and all that annual rent of 2od.
a quarter, going out of one meſſuage or tene-
ment pertaining to the ſaid ſociety of Fiſhmon-
gers, commonly called the Flower-de-luce, in
- Southwark aforeſaid : and alſo that our annual
rent of 4s. and the ſervice going out of the
66 12 acres of land, lying at the Lock, in South-
56 wark aforeſaid, ſometimes the lord Wildford's,
and now or late pertaining to the ſaid ſociety of
Fiſhmongers: and all that our annual rent of 8d.
" and the ſervice going out of two acres of land
" of Giles Athorn, called Tipping in the Hole, in
66 Souchwark aforeſaid : and all that our annual
rent of 3s. and the ſervice going out of the
meſſuage or tenement late Thomas lord Poy-
nings, in Southwark aforeſaid : and all that
our annual rent of 12d. halfpenny, and the
“ ſervice going out of the meſfuage or tenement
now or late of William Malton's, in South-
56 wark aforeſaid : and all that our annual rent
" of 2od. halfpenny, and the ſervice going out
" of the meſſuage or tenement called the White-
Hart, in Southwark aforeſaid : and alſo all
“ that our annual rent of 75. 4d. and the ſervice
“ going out of a meſſuage or tenement called
" the Crown, in Southwark aforeſaid, now or
“ late of the maſters of the Bridge-houſe, Lon-
don : and alſo all that our annual rent of 2s.
" and the ſervice going out of a meſſuage or te-
nement of the ſame maſters of the Bridge-
6 houſe, called the Chriſtopher, in Southwark
66 aforeſaid : and all that our annual rent of
“ 12d. and the ſervice going out of the lands and
ss meadows of the maſters of the Bridge-houſe
“ in London, lying and being at the Lock, call-
ed Carpenter's-hall, in Souchwark aforeſaid :
" and all that our annual rent of iod. halfpenny,
" and the ſervice going out of the meſfuage or
tenement called the Blue Mead, in Southwark
66 aforeſaid : and all that our annual rent of 2s.
" and the ſervice going out of one meſſuage or
tenement now or late of William Saliſbury, in
“ Southwark aforeſaid : and alſo all that our an-
“ nual rent of 16d. and the ſervices going out
“ of a certain field or ground of four acres of
« land, now or late the heirs of Robert Linled,
lying and being in the Lock, and abutting upon
“ the lands of the late duke of Suffolk, in South-
" wark aforeſaid; and in Newington, or in either
“ of them, in the ſaid county of Surry: and all
" our annual rent of 2s, and the ſervice going
“ out of a certain field of ground, ſometimes
“ John Sola's field, and now or late the heirs of
“ Robert Linled, in Southwark and Newington
« aforeſaid, or either of them: and all our annual
“ rent of zod, and the ſervices going out of five
acres of ground, now or late Stephen Middle-
“ton's, lying and being at the Lock of South-
“ wark and Newington aforeſaid, or either of
" them: and all that our annual rent of 4d, and
65 the ſervice going out of four acres of land, now
66

HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
197
66
C6
66
es or late William Champion's, lying and being is mas's hoſpital, and now called the king's hoſpi-
56 in South-mead, in Walworth field, in the pariſh " tal, in Southwark aforeſaid, and elſewhere fo-
56 of Newington, in our ſaid county of Surry : ever in the ſaid town and borough of South-
65 and all that our annual rént of zod. farthing, “ wark aforeſaid ; and in Kentiſh ſtreet, and in
66 and the ſervice going out of the meſſuage or 66 Blackman-ſtreet aforeſaid, and the pariſh of
tenement called Circot, in Southwark and New Newington, and elſewhere in the ſaid towni
“ ington aforeſaid, and either of them : and all " and borough of Southwark; all goods and
s other our meſſuages, lands, tenements, rents, “ chattels, waived eſtrays, and all treaſure found
“ reverſions, ſervices and heredicaments whatſo " in the town and precinct aforeſaid, and all
ever, which were parcel of the poſſeſſions, rents manner of handy work, goods and chattels;
" and revenues of the archbiſhop and biſhoprick of all manner of traitors, felons, fugitives out-
"s of Canterbury, in Southwark, in the county of “ lawed, condemned, convicted, and of felons
" Surry. We furthermore give, and for the con " defamed, and put in exigent, felons of them-
" fiderations aforeſaid, and with the advice afore 6 felves, and deodands, and denying the law of
" ſaid, do grant by theſe preſents to the ſaid mayor
cĆ
our land, wherefover, or before whomſoever
66 and commonalty, and citizens of the city of “ juſtice ought to be done of them ; and all goods
« London, all and all manner of woods, under “ diſclaimed, found, and being within the bo-
" woods and trees whatſoever, growing and be "rough town, pariſhes and precincts aforeſaid;
ing of, in, and upon all and lingular the pre C6 and alſo all manner of eſcheats, and forfeitures
" miſes, and the ſoil and ground of the fame; " to us and our heirs, may there pertain as fully
66 and alſo whatſoever reverſions of all and ſingu " and wholly as we ſhould have them, if the ſaid
*6 lar the premiſes, and every part thereof, and " town and borough were in the hands of us or
ss all the rents and yearly profits whatſoever, re " our heirs ; and that it ſhall be lawful to the
« ferved upon whatſoever demiſes and grants “ fame mayor, and commonalty, and citizens,
s made of the premiſes, or any part thereof, by ss and their ſucceſſors, by themſelves, or by their
any means.
We alſo give, and by theſe pre deputy or miniſters of the ſaid town or bo-
« ſents grant, to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, " rough, to put themſelves in feiſin of and in all
" and citizens of the city of London, all and fin the handy-works and chattels of all manner of
es gular the premiſes with the appurtenances, as “ traitors, felons, fugitives, outlawed, condemn-
“ fully, and in as ample manner and form, as " ed, convicted, and of felons defamed, and de-
66 the ſaid Charles late duke of Suffolk, or any - nying the law of our land, and of ocher pre-
“ other abbot of the late monaſtery of Bermond - miſes; and alſo of and in goods diſclaimed,
ſey, or any archbiſhop of Canterbury, or any of found, or being, within the ſame borough;
" them, or others before this time, having and town, pariſhes, or precincts thereof; and alſo
poſſeſſing the ſaid manors, and other premiſes, 66 of and in all eítreats and forfeitures to us and
or any parcel thereof, or being thereof ſeiſed, s our heirs there pertaining. And the ſame
ever had, held, or enjoyed, or ought to have mayor, commonalty, and citizens, and their
or enjoy the ſame, or any part thereof; and “ fucceffors, by themſelves, or by their deputy,
as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as large miniſter or miniſters, ſhall have, in the bo-
manner and form as all and ſingular the ſame “ rough, town, pariſhes, and precincts aforeſaid,
came or ought to have come to our hands, or Es the aſſize and aſſay of bread, wine, beer and
" to the hands of our moſt dear father Henry the « ale, and of all other victuals and things what-
“ VIIIth, late king of England, by reaſon or as foever, fet to fale in the town aforeſaid : and
pretence of any charters, gift, grant, or con alſo, and whatſoever doth pertain to the clerk
5 firmation, or by reaſon or pretence of the diſ " of the market of our houſe, or of the houſe
« folution of the ſaid monaſtery, or by any other «s of our heirs, together with the correction and
means or right they came or ought to have “ puniſhment of all perſons felling wines, bread,
come, or as the ſame now be or ought to be in “ beer, ale, and other victuals there to be fold,
our hands. Know ye moreover, that we, as 6 and of others there dwelling, or exerciſing arts
“ well of our grace, knowledge and motion 66 howſoever; and with all manner of forfeitures,
" aforeſaid, and with the advice aforeſaid, as for 66 fines and amerciaments to be forfeited, with all
“ the ſum of 500 marks of lawful money of "s other things which therefore do or may there
England, paid into the hands of our treaſurer pertain to us, or our heirs and ſucceſſors, in
" of our court aforeſaid, to our uſe, by the ſaid “ time to come: and that they ſhall have there
mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the " the execution of all manner of writs of ours,
" ſaid city of London, whereof we confeſs us to be " or of our heirs and ſucceſſors, and of all other
fully ſatisfied, and the ſaid mayor and common ss writs, commands, extracts, and warrants, with
alty, and citizens and their fucceffors thereof, " the return of the ſame, by ſuch their miniſters
to be acquitted and diſcharged by theſe pre cs and deputies, whom they ſhall thereunto chuſe;
* ſents; have given and granted, and by theſe “ and that the fame mayor and commonalty, and
preſents do give and grant, for us and our citizens, and their ſucceſſors, ſhall every year
" heirs, to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and “ have there, and through all the town, borough,
citizens of the city aforeſaid, and to their ſuc “ pariſhes and precincts aforeſaid, one fair, or
“ ceſſors, in and through all the town and bo mart, to endure three days; that is to ſay, the
rough aforeſaid ; and in and through all the « feventh, eighth, and ninth days of the month
« pariſhes of St. Saviour's, St. Olave's, and St. « of September, to be holden, together with the
George's in Southwark, and in the pariſh and « court of pye-powder, and with all liberties
through all the pariſhes lately called St. Tho s5 and free cuſtoms to ſuch fair pertaining: and
17.
D dd
that
66

198
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
" that they may have and hold therein, and at “ and precincts, concerning all and fingular
" the ſaid court, before their miniſter or deputy, things ariſing and happening about ſuch pleas,
" through the ſaid three days, from day to day, " and executions of the ſame, within the pre-
" and hour to hour, and from time to time, all s cincts aforeſaid, as by all the time aforeſaid it
" the actions, plaints, and pleas, of the ſaid court " hath been uſed in the ſaid city of London; and
" of pye-powder, together with all ſummons, " the inhabitants of the town and borough, p2-
6s attachments, reſts, iſſues, fines, redeniptions - riſhes, and precincts aforeſaid, as concerning
es and commodities, and all other rights whatſo 66 the cauſes and matters there ariſing, may be
ever, to the ſame court of pye-powder, by any impleaded, and plead in the ſame city in form
s means belonging; without any impediment, aforeſaid, and in the courts aforeſaid. And if
66 let, or diſturbance of us, our heirs or fucceffors, " the men inspannelled and ſummoned in juries,
66 or of other our officers or miniſters whatſoever. 65 for trials of ſuch iſſues, have not appeared be-
" And alſo, that they may have, in and through - fore the ſaid mayor, aldermen, and ſheriffs,
" the precinct aforeſaid, view of frankplege, so in the ſaid courts of the ſaid city, that then
" together with all ſummons, attachments, ar es ſuch men impannelled and ſummoned as afore-
" reſts, iſſues and amerciaments, fines, redemp « faid, making default, ſhall be amerced by the
« tions, profits, commodities, and other things cs ſaid mayor and theriffs, and ſhall forfeit ſuch
56 whatſoever, which therefore may or ought 56 iſſues upon them returned, and to be returned,
" there to pertain to us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, " after the ſame or in like manner and form as
“ by any means. And further, that the ſaid " the men inpannelled and ſummoned in the faid
mayor and commonalty, and citizens, and their city for the like iſſues in the courts of the ſaid
“ ſucceffors, may by themſelves, or by their mi «s city to be tried, have before this time forfeited,
“ nifter or deputy, in the borough, town, pariſh, " and have accuſtomed to forfeit. And alſo,
or precinct aforeſaid, conſtituted and to be 66 that ſuch amerciaments and iffues forfeited
as conſtituted, take and arreſt all manner of fe " ſhould be levied by the miniſters of the ſaid
66 lons, thieves, and other malefactors, found city, to the uſe of the mayor and commonalty,
“s within the borough, town, pariſhes and pre-
65 and citizens, and their ſucceſſors for ever. And
s cincts aforeſaid, and may bring them to our
« alſo, that the ſame mayor and commonalty,
goal of Newgate, there to be ſafely kept, un *6 and citizens, and their fucceffors, ſhall and
6 til by due proceſs of law they may be deliver may from henceforth ever have cognizance of
" ed. And furthermore, that the ſaid mayor and - all manner of pleas, actions, plaints, and ſuits
« commonalty, and citizens, and their fuccef perſonal, happening or growing out of any
“ fors, may have in the borough, town, pariſhes, , 56 court of ours, or our heirs, before us, or our
" and precincts aforeſaid, for ever, all and all " heirs, or before any of the juſtices, for or con-
manner of liberties, privileges, franchiſes, ac cerning any thing, cauſe, or matter, within the
quittals, cuſtoms and rights, which we or our " town, borough, pariſhes, and precincts afore-
" heirs ſhould or might there have, if the ſame “ faid, before the mayor, aldermen, and heriffs,
<s borough or town were or remained in the hands " or any of them, in the ſaid courts of the ſaid
" of us or our heirs. And further, we have of “ city, or any of them. And that the ifſues
our grace, knowledge, and motion aforeſaid, happening upon the ſaid pleas and ſuits ſhall
" and by the advice aforeſaid, granted, and by
66 be tried in the ſame courts, before the mayor,
“ theſe preſents do grant, for us, our heirs and
" and aldermen, and ſheriffs, or any of them, by
ſucceſſors, to the ſaid mayor, commonalty, and as the men of the ſame borough or town, in ſuch
citizens, and their ſucceſſors, that the ſaid " fort as iſſues in the ſame city are tried. And
mayor and commonalty, and citizens, from " that the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citi-
“ henceforth for ever, ſhall and may hold all and zens, and their ſucceſſors, may for ever chuſe,
" all manner of contracts and demands whatſo 66 according to the form of the law, and may
ever, within the borough, town, pariſhes, and "s conſtitute every year, or as often as, and in
“ precincts aforeſaid, changing, happening, and ss what time foever ſhall ſeem to them expedient,
" growing, before the mayor and aldermen, and two coroners in the borough or town aforeſaid.
u ſheriffs of the ſaid city, for the time being, or 66 And that the ſaid coroners, and either of them,
any of them, in the Guildhall of the chamber being elected and conſtituted, may and ſhall have
as of the Guildhall and huſtings of the ſaid city, or “ full power and authority to do and execute in
any of them to be holden by like actions, bills, " the ſaid borough, town, pariſhes, and precincts
“ plaints, proceſs, arreſts, judgments, execu aforeſaid, all and ſingular things, which to the
" tions, and other things whatſoever, and at the " office of coroner, in any county of our realm
6 ſame days and times, and in ſuch like manner “ of England, do, or ought to pertain to be done
es and form, as ſuch, happening in the faid city,
and executed. And that none other coroners
46 have time out of mind been taken, held, levied, cs of us, our heirs, or ſucceſſors, ſhall enter into
“ proſecuted and executed in the court, before any thing, which to the office of ſuch coroner
“ the mayor and aldermen, and ſheriffs of the pertaineth, to be done within the ſaid borough,
" ſaid city, or in any of them. And that the town, pariſhes and precincts; neither ſhall at
ſerjeants at mace of the city of London for the “ all intermeddle about any thing belonging to
“ time being, which have uſed to execute and " the office of coroner, happening within the
«ferve any proceſs, or any other things, in the " borough, town, pariſhes, and precincts afore-
« faid city, may hereafter make, do, and exe c faid. And that the 'mayor of the ſaid city,
cute any manner of proceſs, and do whatſoever “ for the time being, ſhall be our eſcheator,
hings in the ſaid borough, town, pariſhes,
ss and efcheator of our heirs, in the borough,
66
66
65
65
7
66. town

HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
199
66
66
66
76
(6
66
CG
CG
CG
town, pariſhes, and precincts aforeſaid. And ſucceſſors, ſhall and may from henceforth have,
65 that he ſhall have full power and auchority to “ hold, and enjoy, ſo many and ſo great the ſame,
“ make his precept and commandment to the ſhe “ ſuch and the like rights, juriſdictions, liberties,
“ riff of the county of Surry for the time being, “ franchiſes, and privileges whatſoever, in the
" and do, execute, and finiſh there, all and ſin towns, pariſhes, and places aforeſaid, and in
gular, things which appertain to the office of every parcel thereof, as fully, freely, and
“ eſcheator in any county of our realm. And wholly, as the ſaid mayor and commonalty,
tha none other eſcheator of ours, or of our " and citizens, of the ſaid city enjoy and uſe, or
“ heirs, ſhall enter there, in any thing, which may enjoy and uſe in the ſaid city, by virtue of
to the office of eſcheator appertaineth to be any of the charters and grants made, granted,
"s done ; neither ſhall at all intermeddle with any " and confirmed by any of our progenitors,
thing to the office of eſcheater there belonging. kings of England to any mayor, commonalty,
6 And that the mayor of the ſaid city, for the "s and citizens of the ſaid city. And that the
“ time being, ſhall be clerk of the market, and " mayor of the ſame city, for the time being, and
66 of the market of our heirs, within the bo “ the recorder thereof, for the time being, after
« rough, town, pariſhes, and precincts afore 66 the ſaid aldermen have exerciſed and born the
" ſaid, and ſhall do and execute therein all ſuch charge of mayor of the ſaid city, ſhall be
" things which to the clerk of the market apper juſtices of our peace, and our heirs, in the
C6 tainech. And that the clerk of the market of town, borough, pariſhes, and limits aforeſaid,
our houſe, or of che houſe of our heirs, or 6 ſo long as the ſame aldermen ſhall be and re-
any other clerk of the market, intermeddle not " main aldermen of the ſaid city, and every of
" there. And that the ſaid mayor and common-
56 them ſhall there do and execute all and ſingular
alty, and citizens, and their ſucceſſors, ſhall things which other juſtices of our peace, and
" and may from henceforth, and for ever, have, our heirs, may do and execute within the ſaid
“ hold, enjoy and uſe, as well within the ſaid county of Surry, according to the laws and
manor, as in the town, borough, pariſhes and “ ſtatutes of our realm of England. And that the
“ precincts aforeſaid, as well all and ſingular li " ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens, and
“ berties and franchiſes aforeſaid, as tolls, ſtall-
us their fucceffors, ſhall have on every week, on
ages, pickages, and other our juriſdictons, Monday, Wedneſday, Friday, and Saturday,
“ liberties franchiſes, and privileges whatſoever, Co within the borough and town aforeſaid, one mar-
" which any archbiſhop of Canterbury, and which “ket or markets, to be there holden, and all things
" the ſaid Charles, late duke of Suffolk, or any
"s which to a market do appertain, or may apper-
" maſter, brethren, or fifters, of the late hoſpi “ tain, for ever. Except always, and referved to
“ tal of St. Thomas's, in Southwark aforeſaid; or us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors, out of theſe our
any abbot of the ſaid late monaſtery of St. “ letters patent, all and all manner of rights,
Saviour's, St. Mary Bermondſey, next South juriſdictions, liberties, and franchiſes whatſo-
56 wark aforeſaid, in the county aforeſaid ; or any ever, within the walk, circuit, and precinct,
prior and convent of the late priory of St. Mary over the capital meſſuage, gardens, and park,
Overy, in the ſaid county of Surry, or any of " in Southwark aforeſaid, and in all gardens, cur-
" them; ever had, held, or enjoyed, in the ſaid tilages, and lands to the ſame manſion, gara
“ manors, lands, tenements, and other the pre " dens, and park appertaining ; and except and
“ miſes or places aforeſaid, or any of them, or always reſerved the houſe, meſſuage or lodg-
ss which we have, hold, or enjoy, by any means ing there called the King's-bench, and the gar-
“ whatſoever, as fully, freely, and in as ample " den or gardens to the ſame pertaining, with
manner, as we, or our moſt dear father Henry “ the appurtenances, ſo long as it ſhall be uſed
" the VIIIth, late king of England, had, held, “ for a priſon for the impriſoned as now it is.
or enjoyed, or ought to have, hold, and enjoy And except the meſſuage and lodging there call-
" the fame. And that none of our ſheriffs, or ed the Marſhalſea, and the gardens to the ſame
any
other officer or miniſter of ours or of our belonging, with the appurtenances, ſo long as
“ heirs and fucceffors, ſhall any way intermeddle “ it ſhall be uſed for a priſon as now it is. Pro-
" in the town, borough-town, pariſhes and pre 66 vided alſo, that thefe our letters patent, nor
« cincts aforeſaid, or in any of them, contrary any thing therein contained, ſhall extend to the
to this our grant.
And we, with the advice prejudice of the officers of the
the great maſter,
« aforeſaid, do farther by theſe preſents grant to “ ſteward, and marſhal of our houſe, or of the
" the ſaid mayor, commonalcy, and citizens of “ houſe of our heirs or fucceffors, to be exerciſed
" the ſaid city of London, and to their ſucceſſors, within the town, borough, pariſhes, and limits
" that all and ſingular perſons, from time to aforeſaid, being within the verge: nor of John
“ time, inhabiting or reſident within the town, Gate, knight, one of the gentlemen of our privy-
sc borough, pariſhes, and places aforeſaid, ſhall chamber, of or for lands, tenements, offices,
« from henceforth be in the order, government, “ franchiſes or liberties, by us, or our father, to
“s and correction of the mayor and officers of the “ the ſaid John Gate granted, during his life:
city of London, and their deputies for the time " which manors, lands, tenements, rents, privi-
“ being, as the citizens and inhabitants of the leges, and all other the premiſes, are now ex-
" ſaid city of London be, and ought to be, by “ tended to the yearly value of 351. 145. 4d.
os virtue of the charter before this time by any to have, hold, and enjoy the ſaid manors,
means made, granted, and confirmed by any " meſſuages, lands, tenements, meadows, feed-
“ of our progenitors to the ſaid mayor and com ings, paſtures, commons, woods, underwoods,
* monalty, and citizens, of the ſaid city, and their rents, ſervices, reverſions, court-leets, view of
G frank-
૮૮
66
66
66
66
06
66
66
66
66
(6
66
66
66

200
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
06
66
66
« frank-pledge, chattels, waved-ſtrays, free-war ss the premiſes, or thereupon charged or to be
rens, and all and ſingular the ſaid premiſes, “ charged, (except as before excepted.) And
“ with the appurtenances, (except before except " theſe our letters patents, and the enrollment
" ed) to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and " of the ſame, ſhall be yearly, and from time to
« citizens of the ſaid city of London, and to their time, a ſufficient warrant and diſcharge, as
“ fucceffors for ever; to be holden of us, and "s well to the faid chancellor and general over-
« our heirs and ſucceſſors, as of our manor of “ ſeers, and to our council of our ſaid court of
“ Eaſt-Greenwich, in the county of Kent, by augmentations and revenues of our crown, as
“ fealty only in fee foccage, and not in chief, " to all receivers, auditors, and other officers
" for all ſervices and demands whatſoever. We " and miniſters of ours, our heirs and ſucceſſors,
“ give alſo, and, for the conſideration aforeſaid, " whatſoever, for the time being, in this behalf.
“ do by theſe preſents grant unto the ſaid mayor
“ We will alſo, and by theſe preſents do grant,
" and commonalty, and citizens of the ſaid city ss to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citi-
" of London, all the iſſues, rents, revenues, and
zens of the ſaid city of London, that they may
profits of the ſaid manor, meſſuages, lands,
ss and ſhall have theſe our letters patents in due
« tenements, and all other the premiſes, with manner made and ſealed under our great ſeal of
" their appurtenances, coming and growing from England, without fine or fee, great or ſmall,
06 the feaſt of St. Michael the archangel laſt paſt to us in our hamper or elſewhere, to our uſe,
" hitherto, to have the ſame, to the ſaid mayor “ to be by any means given, paid, or made, al-
" and commonalcy, and citizens, of our gift, though expreſs mention be not in theſe preſents
66 without account, or any other thing to us, our so made of the true yearly value, or of the cere
" heirs and ſucceffors, by any means therefore tainty of the premiſes or of other gifts or
“ to be given, paid, or made. And furthermore, “ grants of us, or by any our progenitors, to the
" of our ample grace, we will, and for us, our “ ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens, be-
co heirs and ſucceffors, do by theſe preſents
“ fore this time made; any ſtatute, act, or or-
grant to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and dinance, proviſion, or reſtraint thereof made,
66 citizens, and to their ſucceſſors, that we, cur
ordained, or provided to the contrary, or any
" heirs and ſucceſſors, will yearly for ever dif thing, cauſe, or matter whatſoever, in any
charge, acquit, and ſave harmleſs, as well the thing notwithſtanding. In witneſs whereof we
« ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens, and “ have cauſed theſe our letters to be made pa-
“ their ſucceſſors, as the ſaid manors, meſſuages, “ tents. Witneſs myſelf at Weſtminſter the
“ lands, tenements, and all other the premiſes, twenty-third day of April, in the fourth year
“ with their appurtenances, and every part there.
" of our reign."
“ of, againſt us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors; and
againſt whatſoever perſons concerning all and In the year 1551 the ſweating ſickneſs broke
“ all manner of corodies, rents, fees, annuities, out again in London, which took off a great
" ſums of money, and charges whatſoever, by number of its inhabitants. And ſo peculiar was
any means going out, or to be paid out of the it to the Engliſh in particular, that it proved fa-
“ premiſes, or to be charged thereupon: ſaving | tal even to thoſe that were abroad. .
" the ſervices above by theſe preſents reſerved,
At this time the king wanting money, applied
" and the demiſes and grants by any means made to the citizens of London to be ſecurity for a
“ for terms of life, or years, of the premiſes, conſiderable ſum he intended to borrow of An-
or any parcel whereupon the old rent and more thony Fugger and Co. bankers in Antwerp: and
“ is reſerved, and ſhall be due yearly during the his majeſty, in conjunction with the lord-mayor
“ terms aforeſaid, and beſides the covenants in and citizens, were bound for the payment
" the demiſes and grants in being; and ſaving 10l.
thereof.
“ by the year of the ancient farm for the town of In conſequence of an act of common-council
“ Southwark aforeſaid, by the ſaid mayor and paſſed this year, a poſtern gate was made out of
commonalty, and citizens, due in our exche the wall on the north-fide of the diffolved cloiſter
quer, yearly to be paid and payable : willing, of Friars minors, or Grey-Friars, which is now
« and by theſe preſents by ftreight injunction | Chriſt's-hoſpital, to paſs through to the hoſpital of
“ commanding, as well our chancellor and gene-
St. Bartholomew.
" ral overſeers, and council of our faid court of The manor of Southwark with its appurte-
augmentations, and revenues of our crown, nances having been purchaſed of the king by the
«s and all receivers, auditors, and other our offi mayor and citizens, they became poffeffed of an
cers, of ours, or of our heirs, whatſoever, hoſpital dedicated to St. Thomas the Apoſtle,
“ for the time being, that they, and every of and endowed by Peter de Rupibus, biſhop of
" them, upon the only ſhewing of theſe our let Wincheſter, with land valued at 3431. per annum.
“ ters patents, or of the inrollments of the Soon after which they repaired and enlarged it at
“ fame, without any other writ or warrant from the expence of ucol. and in November following
« us or our heirs, by any means to be obtained admitted into it two hundred and ſixty poor, ſick,
« or proſecuted, ſhall make, and cauſe to be and helpleſs objects. The king incorporated the
« made unto the ſaid mayor and commonalty, Lord-mayor, commonalty, and citizens of Lon-
« and citizens of the ſaid city of London, and don governors of this hoſpital, with thoſe of
« their ſucceſſors, full power and due allowance, Chriſt's and Bridewell.
“ and manifeſt diſcharge of all ſuch corodies, In the year 1552 the duke of Somerſet was ac-
rents, fees, annuities, and ſums of money cuſed of high treaſon, on account of an intended
56 whatſoever, going out, or to be paid out of rebellion, and being found guilty, was ſentenced
56

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
20
to be beheaded. Accordingly, after two months | granted for that purpoſe, it is declared, “and
impriſonment, he was brought to the ſcaffold on " that our intention may take the better effect,
Tower-hill, and there executed, the 22d of Ja " and that the lands, revenues, and other things
nuary, amidſt a great crowd of ſpectators, many “ granted for the ſupport of the ſaid hoſpitals,
of whom dipped their handkerchiefs in his blood, “ houſes, and poor people, may be the better
which they preſerved as a ſacred relick.
governed, for the eſtabliſhmentfof the fame, we
This year king Edward VI. perfected what “ do will and ordain, that the hoſpitals aforeſaid,
Henry VIII. in the laſt year of his reign, had be " when they ſhall be ſo founded, erected, and eſta-
gun. He founded Chriſt's-Hoſpital in the Grey “ bliſhed, ſhall be named, called, and ſtiled, The
friars convent, for the relief and education of " hoſpitals of Edward VI. of England, of Chriſt's,
young and helpleſs children, and incorporated Bridewell, and St. Thomas the Apoſtle ; and
the governors by the title of “ The mayor, com " that the aforeſaid mayor; commonalty, and ci-
monalty, and citizens of the city of London, " tizens of London, and their ſucceſſors ſhall
governors of the poſſeſſions, revenues, and “ be ſtiled, the governors of the ſaid hoſpitals
goods of the hoſpitals of Edward VI. king of 66 of Bridewell, Chriſt and St. Thomas the Apoſtles
England, &c.” He likewiſe gave the old palace " and that the ſame governors, in deed, and in
of Bridewell to the city for the lodging of poor “ fact, and in name, ſhall be hereafter one body
way-faring people, the correction of vagabonds corporate and politic of themſelves for ever.
and diſorderly perſons, and for finding them work. " And we will that the ſame governors ſhall
The city having appointed Chriſt's-hoſpital for “ have perpetual ſucceſſion.”
the education of poor children, St. Bartholomew's In the beginning of this year the
the company of
and St. Thomas's in Southwark, for the maimed Anſeatic-merchants, having engroſſed almoſt the
and diſeaſed, the king formed theſe charitable whole woolen manufacture trade, were, by order
foundations into a corporation : for, in a charter of king and council, diſſolved.
CH A P T E R XXXI.
• Death of Edward VI. Lady Yane Grey firſt proclaimed, and afterwards the princeſs Mary.
Sir Thomas Wyat's rebellion. The queen harangues the citizens at Guildhall. Execution of
Wyat. Queen Mary married. Expenſive living retrenched by act of common-council.
Regulation of the taverns. Woodfireet-compter built. Firſt bellman. Reception of the
Ruſſan ambaſſador. Death of queen Mary, and acceſſion of queen Elizabeth. Her receps
tion at London. The forces of the twelve companies reviewed. Remarkable accident of
Sir William Hewet's daughter. Violent ſtorm of thunder and lightning. A conduit erected
in Walbrook. Firſt lottery. The city cleared of beggars. The queen dines at Sir Thomas
Greſham's. Citizens trained in the art of war. Great rain and flood. Return of the
plague. Regulation of plays. Lamb's conduit erected. Impriſonment of aldermen Kymptoni
Great earthquake. Cheapſide croſs deſtroyed. London-bridge water-works invented. Re-
markable shooting match. A ſchool for pick-pockets. Tobacco firſt brought into England.
Rioters. Five of them executed.
N the year 1553, in the month of July, the on horſeback to Cheapſide, where they proclaim-
Lord-mayor, aldermen and principal mer ed princeſs Mary, daughter of king Henry VIII.
chants being ordered to attend the privy at the croſs with the greateſt demonſtrations of joy.
council, were informed of the death of the king, On the laſt day of the month her majeſty rode
and of his having appointed lady Jane Grey * his from the Tower of London to Weſtminſter in a
ſucceſſor; in conſequence of which ſhe was pro chariot, before whom the Lord- mayor in a crim-
claimed queen with the uſual formalities in Lon ſon velvet gown, carried the ſceptre of gold:
don. The ſame counſellors afterwards finding after her majeſty followed the princeſs Elizabeth
reaſons to alter their opinions and conduct, re her ſiſter, and the lady Anne of Cleve, in another
paired to Baynard's caſtle, there conſulted with chariot ; and the proceſſion was cloſed by a great
che Lord-mayor and aldermen, who all proceeded number of ladies on horſeback, richly trapped
66
This lady was foon after committed to the Tower,
where ſhe continued ſome months, and then teceived a mef-
ſage from queen Mary, deſiring her to prepare for imme-
diate death. She received the news without the leaſt perturba-
tion, and as ſhe mounted the ſcaffold, addreſſed the ſpectators
in words to this effect : “ That ſhe came thither for an ex-
ample to pofterity, that innocence cannot be any pro-
66 tection against greatneſs ; and that ſhe was to die, not
" for aſpiring to a crown, but not for refuſing one when it
was offered her.” She was beheaded on Tower-hill in the
ſeventeenth year of her age. Her huſband, the lord Guil-
ford, was beheaded the ſame day; and about eleven days
after her father, Henry Grey, ſhared the fame fate. For
a more particular account of this unfortunate lady and
her family, fee Clarendon's Hiſtory of England, Vol. In
page 527
Eee
with

202
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
with velvets. She was received by the citizens in In this ſtate of affairs her majeſty repaired to
fo pompous and joyful a manner, that ſhe was Guildhall, attended by the mayor, aldermen and
pleaſed to return them her hearty thanks.
ſheriffs, where ſhe harangued them in a long and
At the coronation of queen Mary, the Lord. | foothing ſpeech, in which the accuſed Wyat and
mayor and twelve of the aldermen, according to his adherents of ſeeking nothing leſs than the to-
ancient cuſtom, officiated as chief burler; and tal ſubverſion of all good government: ſhe in-
the mayor, as uſual, received for his fee a golden ſiſted on her right to the crown, and declared the
cup and ewer.
was wedded to the realm and to the laws of the
In order the more effectually to root out pro country, which ſhe loved as affectionately as a
teſtantiſm from this nation, a match was pro, mother doth her children. She ſaid ſhe had no
poſed between the queen and the king of Spain. deſire to marry any man, much leſs a prince who
This proceeding alarmed the nation ; and the might hereafter be detrimental to the welfare of
public grew ſo diſcontented, that the court thought her ſubjects. That notwithſtanding a match had
it neceſſary to prepare againſt all events. The been propoſed, by her council, with the king of
privy-council deſired the Lord-mayor and alder Spain, yet ſhe was determined not to liſten there-
men to exert themſelves in fo critical a juncture to without the concurrence of the parliament;
for the preſervation of the city; and advice being and concluded with exhorting them to ſtand faſt
received of a dangerous inſurrection in the county againſt theſe rebels. She knew that Wyat had
of Kent under the command of Sir Thomas many friends in London, and therefore put the
Wyat, they were ftrictly enjoined to put the city the care of the city into the hands of the mayor
into a poſture of defence.
and lord Howard.
In compliance with this command, the citizens On the third day of February Wyat and his
not only placed a ſtrong guard at every gate of army arrived in Southwark, when he was joyfully
the city, but raiſed five hundred men to march a received and ſupplied with all neceſſaries for his
gainſt Wyat : this they did with ſuch expedition, men. His intentions were to march into the city,
that in two days after they were ſent down to but theſe were fruſtrated by the gates being fhut,
Graveſend under the command of Alexander and the draw.bridge cut down. He then march-
Bret, an experienced officer ; where they were ed to Kingſton, in order to paſs the river, that he
joined by the duke of Norfolk, and with him might attack them on the land ſide ; but the
marched to Rocheſter, at which place Wyat was, bridge was broke, and the oppoſite ſhore guarded
and had fortified the bridge. He and his men by two hundred men. Theſe he ſoon drove away
were offered a general pardon on their ſubmiſſion; with his ordnance; and ordered ſome ſailors who
but this not being complied with, the duke ad were under his command, to wade the river, and
vanced to attack him. On which captain Bret, || bring the barges that were moored on the other
who commanded the Londoners, drew his ſword, ſide: with which he fo expeditiouſly repaired the
and addreſſed his men in the following words: bridge, that he was able to paſs his army over it
the night after. Having had the promiſe of his
« Gentlemen,
friends in London to join him, and to admit him
into the city at a certain hour, he continued his
“ Nothing can be more barbarous and unjuſt || march with an intention to reach Whitehall the
" than for us to fight againſt our friends and next morning by break of day. This ſcheme was
" countrymen; eſpecially conſidering that they rendered abortive by the carriage of one of his
are engaged in defence of the rights and liber guns breaking at Turnham green, where he was
“ties of our dear country, in oppoſition to the || obliged to halt. The time he ſtopped there proved
proud and imperious Spaniard; from whom, his deſtruction ; for he loſt the opportunity of
" if the intended match ſucceeds, we can expect || joining his friends in London, who, at a certain
no other than that, if it may be called fo, of time of that night, had promiſed to admit him
“ becoming their Naves. Therefore, as that into the city. This diſappointment occaſioned
“ worthy patriot, Sir Thomas Wyat, has laud- || Harper, who had been very inſtrumental in bring-
« ably undertaken to protect and prevent us ing over Bret and his Londoners, to deſert him;
« from being impoſed upon by thoſe lordly after which he diſcovered the whole deſign of
foreigners, I am humbly of opinion, that, Wyat to the court. The example ſet by Harper
" inſtead of oppoſing, we ought, in duty to our was followed by many others; inſomuch, chat in a
" country, to join him, for the more eaſily ob few hours he found himſelf forſaken by near one
“ taining ſo falutary an end."
half of his army. Notwithſtanding this he con-
tinued his march; and, with the remains of his
The Londoners were ſo highly pleaſed with this || forces, arrived at St. James's. He there mounted
ſpeech, that they not only cried out, a Wyat, a his artillery on an eminence; and having detached
Wyat ; but effectually turned their ordnance
two companies, under the command of Cydbert
againſt the queen’s forces, inſomuch, that they || Vaughan to Weſtminſter, left the principal parc of
were obliged to retreat ſo precipitately as to leave his army with the artillery, and, at the head of
their ammunition and ordnance to be a prey five companies only, haſted away for London.
to Wyat, who marched the next day to Deptford At Charing-croſs he was attacked by Sir John
in his
way
into London,
Gage, with a ſuperior force, whom he not only
The citizens were fo alarmed on this near ap repulſed, but obliged him to take ſhelter in the
proach, and the court thrown into ſuch confu- | palace of Whitehall, where he left him, and con-
fion, that even the very judges and counſellors tinued his march towards the city. In his way
fat and pleaded in armour.
thither, the earl of Pembroke, with his cavalry,
fell
66

HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
203
fell upon his rear, and cut off a conſiderable on fiſh days four diſhes: but, when any foreign
number of his men. On his arrival at Ludgate miniſters or privy-counſellors are invited to any of
the gate was ſhut, and he was ſcoffed and laughed the city entertainments, then the regulations or
at by lord Howard, who commanded within. additions are left to the diſcretion of the mayor ;
Finding himſelf thus circumítanced, and ſur always provided, that no other entertainment be
rounded by his enemies, who gathered about him given after dinner than Ipocraſs and Wafers : and
from every quarter, he reſolved to return, but the annual feaſts on three days after Whitſunday
this was prevented by Pembroke’s horfe cutting and Bartholomew-tide were entirely laid aſide. It
off his retreat at Temple-bar. Thus perverted was alſo enacted that no wyth ſhould be carried
in every attempt, he, in a fit of deſpair, and at away from the mayor's or ſheriff's houſes; and
the inſtigation of Clarenceux king at arms, who that none of them ſhould keep a lord of miſrule:
preſſed him to yield, with promiſes of mercy, and in confideration of the great and annual ex-
ſurrendered himſelf to Sir Maurice Berkley. Thus pence the mayor and ſheriffs are at in providing a
ended this rebellion.
ſumptuous entertainment every Lord-mayor's day
Wyat was beheaded ſoon after on Tower-hill, at Guildhall, for the honour of the city and re-
his head ſtuck upon the gallows at Hay-hill near galing perſons of the greateſt diſtinction, it was
Hyde-park, and his quarters hung up in different ordained, that every ſubſequent mayor, as an al-
parts of the city. On the fifteenth of February leviation of that charge, ſhall be paid, out of the
fifty of his men were hung on gibbets erected for chamber of the city, the ſum of one hundred
that purpoſe, and on the twentieth of the fame || pounds.
.
month four hundred others were brought before The great number of taverns and wine-vaults
the queen, with halters about their necks, and being found prejudicial to the morals of the peo-
received her majeſty's free pardon.
ple, the parliament this year enacted, that thence-
In the year 1554 the match between Philip and forth the number of taverns or retailers of wine,
Mary being concluded, their nuptials were folem within the city and liberty of London, ſhould not
nized; and on the twelfth of Auguſt they made exceed forty, nor thoſe of Weſtminſter three.
their public entry into the city, which on this This year the keeper of Bread-ſtreet compter
occaſion was ſumptuouſly adorned, and embel having ill treated his priſoners, and diſhonoured
liſhed with a great number of ſtately pageants. the city by making his priſon the common recep.
The woolen trade being greatly hurt by the in tacle for whores and thieves, the Lord-mayor and
creaſe of hawkers and pedlars, the parliament || citizens, at the common expence, erected a large
paſſed an act this year for its better regulation; and convenient building for that purpoſe in
in which it was enacted. " That no perſon or per Wood-ſtreet, to which the priſoners were re-
" fons, dwelling any where out of the cities or
moved.
towns, (the liberties of the two univerſities In the year 1555, there was ſo great a ſcarcity
.6 only excepted) ſhall hereafter fell, or cauſe to of corn, that it fold at fourteen ſhillings the quar-
“ be fold, by retail, any woolen or linnen cloth ter; and on the laſt day of September there fell
* (except of their own making) or any haber ſuch a quantity of rain, that boats were rowed
daſhery, grocery, or mercery ware, at or within from Weſtminſter to King.ſtreet.
any of the ſaid cities, boroughs, towns corpo The citizens being ſtill greatly hurt by the en-
rate, or market towns, within this realm (ex croachments of foreigners on their reſpective
56 cept in open fairs) on pain to forfeit and loſe,
trades, applied to the Lord-mayor and common-
“ for every time fo offending, fix ſhilling and council for further relief, who enacted, " That
« eight-pence, and the whole wares ſo fold, of " thenceforth no citizen ſhould preſunie to em-
66 fered or proferred to be ſold.”
ploy any foreigner in any manner of buſineſs,
At this time an act of common-council paſſed s excluſive of felt-makers, cap thickers, carders,
fór retrenching the extravagant method of living “ ſpinners, knitters, and brewers, upon penalty
by the Lord-mayor, aldermen, ſheriffs, and com " of five pounds for every offence ; and all of-
panies; in which it was enacted, that thenceforth “ fenders, upon conviction, refuſing to pay, to
they ſhould have no more than one courſe either at “ be committed to priſon, without bail or main-
dinner or ſupper; and that on a feſtival, being prize, till ſuch fines were paid."
a felh day, to conſiſt of no more than ſeven
In the year 1556, Chriſtopher Draper, alder-
diſhes, whether hot or cold ; and on every fef man of Cordwainer ſtreet ward, appointed a man
tival, being a fiſh day, eight diſhes ; and on
to go about his ward by night with a bell, and, at
every common fleſh day, ſix diſhes; and on
certain places, with an audible voice, to bid the
every common fiſh day, ſeven diſhes, excluſive citizens be careful of their fires and lights, to
of brawn, collops with eggs, ſallads, pottage, help the poor, and to pray for the dead. This
butter, cheeſe, eggs, herrings, ſprats inſtitution was ſoon after adopted in all other parts
ſhrimps, together with all ſorts of thell-fiſh and
of the city.
fruits : that the aldermen and ſheriffs ſhould
A malignant fever raged violently at this time
have one diſh leſs than the above-mentioned ; in London, which took off a great number of
and all the city companies at their ſeveral enter-
citizens ; among whom were ſeven aldermen.
tainments the ſame number of diſhes as the al-
In the year 1558, the queen wanting money to
dermen and ſheriffs; but with this reſtriction,
carry on the war with France, applied to the citi-
to have neither fwan, crane, nor buſtard, upon zens, who advanced her twenty thouſand pounds,
the penalty of forty thillings ; and that all the
upon ſecurity, at 12 per cent.
ſerjeants and other officers belonging to the
This year queen Mary dying, was ſucceeded
mayor or ſheriffs on fleſh days to have three, and
by her ſiſter the princeſs Elizabeth, who, on the
feventeenth
66

204
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
feventeenth of November, was proclaimed queen liam, her father, rejected all their advantageous
in London with the uſual ſolemnities; at which propoſals, and gratefully betrothed her, with a
the citizens expreſſed ſuch demonſtrations of joy || very large fortune, to him who had ſaved her life
as perhaps were never ſeen on the like occaſion. at the riſque of his own, declaring, that as Of-
The next day her majeſty came from Hatfield to borne had faved her, Oſborne ſhould have her.
London; and at Highgate was met by the Lord In the year 1560 Richard Hills, merchant-tay-
mayor, aldermen, and citizens, in their forma lor, gave five hundred pounds towards the pur-
lities, who conducted her to the Charter-houſe, chaſe of a houſe called the Manor of the Roſe,
where ſhe continued till the 28th; on which day on which the Merchant-taylors founded their free
her majeſty repaired to London, in great ſtate; ſchool in London ; together with the ground and
and from thence, on the firſt of December, to ſome cottages on Tower-hill, where he built
Somerſet-houſe. On the twelfth of January ſhe alms-houſes for fourteen old women.
returned by water to the Tower; and on the About this time William Lambert, eſq; by
fourteenth of the fame month, ſhe rode, in the company a draper, founded queen Elizabeth's
moſt pompous manner, through the city to Weſt college for poor people in Eaſt-Greenwich, and
minſter. At the weſt-end of Cheapſide, her left ie in truſt to the company of Drapers : it was
majeſty was addreſſed by the recorder in an af afterwards called queen Elizabeth's college.
fectionate ſpeech, who, at the ſame time, pre In the year 1561, in the month of June, there
ſented her, in the name of the citizens, with a fell a prodigious quantity of rain, attended with
velvet purſe richly embroidered, containing one dreadful claps of thunder. St. Paul's ſteeple
thouſand marks of gold. Her majeſty thanked was ſtruck by a thunderbolt within a yard of the
them for this token of their affection, promiſed top: at firit a little fire appeared, reſembling the
to continue their good and gracious ſovereign, || light of a torch, which ſo ſoon communicated
and that ſhe would not heſitate even to ſpare her itfelf to the weather-cock, that it fell down in
blood for their protection.
eight minutes after ; the wind riſing high, the
Her majeſty now reſumed that work of re fire within an hour deſtroyed the whole ſteeple
formation which had been begun by her father, down to the very battlements ; there likewiſe,
and ſupported by her brother Edward VI. On the || receiving the timber that fell from the ſpire,
firſt Sunday after her acceſſion to the throne, by burnt fo violently, that the iron and bells melted,
virtue of a proclamation for that purpoſe, the and fell down upon the ſtairs in the church ; the
Engliſh liturgy was read in all churches through eaſt and weſt roofs catching fire, communicated
out the city of London; and the epiſtle and themſelves to the north and ſouth, all which were
goſpel for the day was begun to be read at maſs deſtroyed before twelve o'clock at night ; many
time in the Engliſh tongue. The citizens encou houſes were pulled down in the church-yard near
raged her majeſty to perſevere in this great work the north-door, and a pinnacle on the eaſt end,
by exhibiting a ſpecimen of the ſtrength and for fell on a houſe in which were many people, buc
ces they could raiſe in matters of emergency : for, luckily no one received any hurt.
on the ſecond of July the twelve principal cor In the year 1563, the plague broke out vio-
porations of London ſent out twelve companies, | lently in this city, and on the fifth of July, the
conſiſting of fourteen hundred men, to be muf Lord-mayor, by command of her majeſty, or-
tered in Greenwich park before the queen; eight || dered the maſter and wardens of the company of
hundred of whom were pikemen in bright ar clerks to enquire the number of thoſe who died
mour; four hundred harquebuffes, in coats of of the plague within their reſpective pariſhes, and
mail and helmets, and two hundred halberdiers to make a certificate thereof; and that the cu-
in German rivets : theſe were accompanied by rates and church-wardens ſhould give notice to
twenty-eight whimers richly dreſſed, and led by them of ſuch houſes where the plague appeared,
the twelve principal wardens of the aforeſaid and to forbid every perſon in ſuch a houſe coming
companies, well mounted, and dreſſed in black to church for the ſpace of one month following,
velvet, with ſix enſigns in white fattin, furred with after the plague had been in it, and to fix a blue
black farſnet, and rich ſcarves.
croſs on the door of every houſe, with a writing
This year died Sir William Hewet the mayor, underneath, ſignifying that the infection was
who was a clothworker, and poſſeſſed of ſix thou there, and to avoid it. It was further ordered,
ſand pounds per annum. He had three ſons on the ninth, that every man, in every ſtreet and
and one daughter. The following remarkable lane ſhould make bonfires three times a week, on
ftory of this daughter is ſtill repreſented in a Mondays, Wedneſdays, and Fridays, till the in-
painting carefully preſerved in the noble family || fection ſhould ceaſe. "In the beginning of Auguſt
of the duke of Leeds. Sir William, her father, the Lord-mayor iſſued a proclamation for killing
lived at this time on London-bridge, and as the all dogs that ſhould be found in the ſtreets either
maid-ſervant was diverting the infant on the edge || by night or day. The number of people that
of an open window, it accidentally, nipped out died this year of the plague and other diſeaſes,
of her hands and fell into the Thames. An ap from the firſt of January to the laſt of December,
prentice of Sir William's, whoſe name amounted to twenty thouſand, three hundred and
, one of || -
Leeds, in a direct line, ſeeing the child drop, The citizens were this year reduced to the
immediately jumped out of the ſhop window into greateſt ſtate of miſery, not only on account of
the river, and, to the great joy of its parents, the late dreadful plague, but likewiſe from a
brought it out unhurt. When ſhe arrived at the great ſcarcity of money and dearth of proviſions.
age of maturity ſhe had many ſuitors, among In the year 1564, on the twenty-ſixth of Ja-
whom was the earl of Shrewſbury; but Sir Wil nuary, the river Thames was ſo agicated, that
the
was

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
205
fect;
the tide recoiled twice, five hours before its time; | fiding within the city of London ; on which exa-
and the fame on the twenty-ſeventh; and like. mination there appeared to be, Scots forty :
wife once the day after.
French four hundred and twenty-eight; Spani-
The common-council of London this year ards and Portugueſe forty-five ; Italians one huna
enacted, that all ſuch citizen's as ſhould thence dred and forty ; Dutch two thouſand and thirty:
forth be conſtrained to ſell their houſhold goods, Burgundians forty-four; Danes two; Liegois one.
leaſes of houſes, or ſuch like, ſhould firſt cauſe The following year Sir Thomas Rowe, knight,
the ſame to be cried through the city by a man Lord mayor, among many other charitable ac-
with a bell, and then to be ſold by the common tions, gave Old Bethlehem burial ground, con- .
outcrier appointed for that purpoſe ; and he to taining about one acré, which he encloſed with a
receive one farthing in the pound for his trouble. brick wall, for the interment of poor citizens;
The river Thames was frozen over ſo hard on gratis. He likewiſe appointed a fermon to be
the twenty-firſt of December, as to admit all forts preached every Whitſunday in the morning be-
of carriages and diverſions on it.
fore the Lord-mayor and aldermen.
In the year 1566 a propoſition was made by In the year 1569, a lottery began drawing at the
Sir Thomas Greſham, merchant of London, to weſt door of St. Paul's, on the eleventh of June,
the Lord-mayor and citizens, to erect, at his own and continued inceſſantly night and day till the
expence, a commodious building for merchants ſixth of May in the following year. This is the
to meet and tranfact buſineſs, provided they firſt lottery mentioned in Engliſh hiſtory.
would find him a convenient ſcite for the ſame. This year an order was made by the common-
The citizens, agreeing to this propoſal, purchaſed, council for the ſixteen beadles belonging to the
for the ſum of three Thouſand, five hundred and hoſpitals to take up all ſturdy beggars and va-
thirty-two pounds, eighty houſes in the two al grants, and to carry them to Bridewell; the ſick,
leys called New St. Chriſtopher's, and Swan-al aged, lame, and blind to be taken to St. Bartho-
ley, leading out of Cornhill into Threadneedle lomew's ; and all children beggars under the age
ſtreet ;-the materials of which eighty houſes were of ſixteen, to Chriſt's Hoſpital; appointing a pro-
fold for four hundred and ſeventy-eight pounds, per diſtrict to the beadles of each hoſpital: on neglect
and the ſaid ground, when cleared, was convey of which they were to be puniſhed with ſevere pe-
ed to Sir Thomas Greſham, who, on the ſeventh nalties. This, however, had not the deſired ef-
of June, accompanied by ſeveral aldermen, laid for the next year the ſtreets ſwarmed again
the firſt brick of the new building : each alder with beggars and vagrants. A reſolution was then
man likewiſe laid a brick, and a piece of gold for formed of appointing city-marſhals; and the
the workmen, who perſevered with ſuch aſſiduity committee for this purpoſe choſe William Sympa
and reſolution, that the whole building was roof ſon and John Read, whoſe office was to take fuch
ed by the month of November in the next year, courſe with theſe vagrants and wandering people,
and was ſoon after finiſhed under the title of The as might clear the ſtreets of them; for which a
Burſe.
conſideration was allowed of ſix ſhillings and
By the will of Sir Thomas, dated the twenty eight-pence a day for them and their horſes, and
ſixth of November 1579, he deviſed this ſtately fix perſons a piece of their own chuſing to attend
building, with all its appurtenances, and the pro them at one ſhilling each. For the more eaſy dif-
fits ariſing thereby, to the mayor and citizens charging this office, it was ordered that one month's
of London, and the company of Mercers, to pay ſhould be given before hand; and according-
be equally enjoyed and poſſeſſed by them, on con ly the aldermen, by way of loan, diſburſed the
dition that the citizens, out of their moiety, || fame, amounting to thirty-five pounds, nine ſhil-
ſhould pay a falary of fifty pounds per annum lings and four-pence. It was likewiſe thought
each, to four perſons, who ſhould read lectures convenient that twelve partiſans ſuitably and con-
in divinity, aſtronomy, muſic and geometry, in veniently armed, ſhould be provided by the
Greſham-college; and to pay fix pounds, thirteen chamberlain for this ſervice at the expence of the
ſhillings and four-pence per annum each, to city, and coats or mandilions for the attendants
eight alms-people, ficuate behind the ſaid college, on the marſhals. The office of city-marſhal took
in Broad-ſtreet; and ten pounds yearly to each its origin from this incident.
of the priſons of Newgate, Ludgate, King's The execution of the above office was attended
bench, Marſhalſea, and Wood-freet Compter. with ſuch expence to the city, that they foon af.
- That the Mercers, out of their moiety, ſhould ter wiſely determined to balance it, by ſuppreſſing
pay fifty pounds each per annum, to three per the pompous cavalcade of the city-watch: in-
ſons to read lectures in law, phyſic, and rhetoric, ſtead of which the common-council ſubſtituted
in his manſion-houſe; and one hundred pounds the common-watch, which, from that time has
per annum for four quarterly dinners to be pro been continued to the preſent.
vided at their hall for the entertainment of the This year the plague broke out again in Lon-
whole company; and alſo to pay ten pounds per don, which occaſioned the Michaelmas term to
annum to each of the following places, viz. the be adjourned to that of Hillary; and the Lord-
Poultry Compter, Chriſt's-hoſpital, St. Bartholo mayor and aldermen iſſued their ſpecial orders
mew's, the Spital, Bethlehem, and St. Thomas’s. for preventing its ſpreading, and for hindering
In the year 1567, there being a great increaſe idle perſons going about, who might diſperſe ic
of foreigners in the metropolis, and a jealouſy among the citizens.
.
ſubfifting between England and Spain, her ma About this time the city laid out eight hundred
jefty commanded the Lord-mayor to take the and fourteen pounds, fifteen ſhillings and eight-
name, quality, and profeflion of all ſtrangers re pence, in cleanſing the city. ditch, between Ald-
18
Fff
gate

206
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
the
1
O
1
o
lu
I
O
o
Ο ΙΟ
gate and the poſtern on Tower-bill, and making “ fuch offence. That no inn-keeper, &c. ſhall
a new fewer, and wharf, of timber, from the head 66 Thew or play, or cauſe to be ſhewn or played,
of the poſtern into the town ditch, which, before "s within his houſe or yard, any play which ſhall
this time, had always lain open, and was well not be firſt peruſed, and allowed by the Lord-
ſtocked with good fiſh of divers forts.
mayor and court of aldermen's order. And
On the 23d of January, in the year 1570, her " that no perſon ſhall be allowed to play, but
majeſty, attended by the nobility, went into the " ſhall be thereunto admitted by the Lord-mayor
city, and dined with Sir Thomas Greſham, knt. 6 and aldermen. And that every perſon to be
at his own houſe in Biſhopſgate-ftreet. After “ licenſed, ſhall pay to the uſe of the poor in the
dinner her majeſty returned through Cornhill, hoſpitals of the city, or of the poor viſited
went into the Burſe, newly built by Sir Thomas, " with fickneſs, certain ſums to be agreed upon,
and after viewing it in all parts, commanded pro upon pain of forfeiting his ſaid licence. And
clamation to be made by a herald, with found of " that all ſums and forfeitures incurred by any
trumpet, that thenceforth it ſhould go by the ap 66 offence againſt this act, and all forfeitures of
pellation of the Royal-Exchange.
bonds, ſhall be employed to the relief of the
A diſpute aroſe at this time between the tenants poor of the hoſpitals, or of the poor infected
of the biſhop of Ely, and the Lord-mayor of 66 or diſeaſed in the city ; to be ſued for and re-
London reſpecting the exerciſe of the mayor's « covered by the chamberlain in the court of the
authority among them: the diſpute was referred " outer chamber of Guildhall, London, called
to the lord-keeper, the two chief juſtices, and as the mayor's-court:"
the chancellor of the exchequer, who determined An exceeding high tide happened this year on
it in favour of the city: and that for the future, the fixth of November. After having ebbed
mayor might as juſtly exerciſe his authority in about an hour, a preternatural reflux returned
the biſhop's rents in Holbourn, as in any other with ſuch impetuofity, that the Thames ſoon
part of the city.
overflowed its banks, and, by filling the marſhes,
In the year 1572 the poulterers of London and the neighbouring cellars and warehouſes, did
having greatly enhanced the value of poultry, the incredible damage.
Lord-mayor and aldermen, on the 4th of April, Although the number of alehouſes had been re-
aſcertained the following prices :
duced in the late reign, yet theywere at this time fo
1. d. greatly multiplied, that the mayor, aſſiſted by the
The beſt gooſe, at
recorders of Southwark and Lambeth, put down,
The beſt wild mallard
5
within their ſeveral juriſdictions, upwards of two
The beſt capon at
hundred. This example was ſoon followed by
The ſecond fort
thoſe in Weſtminſter, the dutchy of Lancaſter,
The beſt hen
7
Tower Hamlets, and other parts of Middleſex ad-
The beſt chickens
3
joining to London.
An inferior fort
is In the year 1576, on digging the well where the
The beſt woodcock
5
pump now ſtands in Leadenhall-ſtreet, near the
The green plover
3
end of Lime-ftreet, about the depth of thirteen
Pidgeons, per dozen
feet on the virgin earth, was diſcovered a hearth
Blackbirds ditto
built of roman bricks with charcoals chereon.
Rabbits, each
3
The following year Mr. William Lamb, citi-
Larks ditto
6 zen and cloth worker, erected a conduit of ſprings
The beſt butter, at per pound
3
drawn together at the north extremity of Red-lion-
The beſt eggs five for
ſtreet, Holbourn, to feed the conduit on Snow-
This year her majeſty intending to make a tour hill, in a leaden pipe two hundred yards long, the
into the countries, appointed the archbiſhop of expence of which amounted to fifteen hundred
Canterbury, the biſhop of London, lord Went pounds. This conduit ſtill retains the name of
worth, Sir Anthony Cook, Sir Thomas Worth, its builder, who left to the clothworkers company
Sir Owen Hopton, Sir Thomas Greſham, Dr. his dwelling-houſe, ſituate a little fouth-weſt front
Wylſon, and Thomas Wilbraham, to aſſiſt the where Cripplegate ſtood, with lands and tenes
mayor and aldermen in the well governing the city
ments to the value of thirty-pounds per annum,
during her abſence.
for a miniſter to read divine ſervice on Sundays,
On the 14th of September, in the year 1574, Wedneſdays and Fridays, every week, in the
there fell ſuch a violent ſhower of rain, that a chapel adjoining to his houſe called St. James's in
young man eighteen years of age endeavouring to the wall, at the north-end of Monkwell-ſtreet,
leap over the channel on Dowgate-hill, the ſtream and for cloathing twelve men with a frize gown,
was ſo rapid, that it carried him away, and he was one lockram ſhirt, and a good ſtrong pair of win-
drowned.
ter ſhoes; and twelve women with a frize gown,
The inſtitution of plays or interludes being at a lockram ſmock, and a good pair of winter ſhoes,
this time degenerated into nurſeries of vice and all made ready for wearing; to be given to ſuch
lewdneſs, the common-council paſſed an act, as were honeſt and in diſtreſs on the furft of
" that no play ſhould be openly played within
October.
66 the liberty of the city, wherein ſhould be ut In the year 1579 William Kympton, alderman,
“ tered any words, examples, or doings of any was, by the lord-chancellor, committed to the
unchaſtity, fedition, or ſuch like unfit and Fleet-priſon for concealing a letter ſent him by the
“ uncomely matter, upon pain of impriſonment || vicar of Hadley in Middleſex, informing him of
6 for fourteen days, and five pounds for every an inſurrection at Northall, where the people had
tumultuouſly
O
O
O
O
O
I
0
Ο ΙΟ
O
0
O
O
O
I

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London.
C
2.
31
*** subotom
மா
Male del
Grignion South ..
Vion of an Ancient Shooting-match between the a
CITIZENS of LONDON.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
207
9. To
tumultuouſly pulled down ſome pales: this offence " at the collar, and that only of a yard and half
being deemed a miſpriſion of treaſon, he was, by " long. 4. To wear no doublets but what are
the court of ſtar-chamber, fined five hundred
<s made of canvas, fuflian, fackcloth, Engliſh
marks, and impriſoned during her majeſty's " leather, or woolen, without any gold, ſilver,
pleaſure.
(6 or filk trimming. 5. To wear no other co-
The following year a dreadful earthquake hap cloured cloth, or kerſey in hofe or ſtockings,
pened in London on the ſixth of April, which, so than white, blue, or ruſſet. 6. To wear no
though its duration did not exceed a minute, 56 other breeches but what ſhall be of the fame
ſhattered many houſes and churches, and killed 56 ſtuffs as the doublets, and neither ſtitched;
ſeveral of the citizens.
« laced, or bordered. 7. To wear no other than
About this time another inquiſition was ordered
66
a plain upper coat, of cloth or leather, with-
to be taken of the number of foreigners in Lon s out pinking, ſtitching, edging, or ſilk about
don, when, on the report being made, there ap 66 ic. 8. To wear no other ſurtout than a cloth
peared to be near three times the number as in « gown or cloak, lined or faced with cloth, cot-
the year 1568. This conſiderable increaſe pro 16 ton or baize, with a fixed round collar, with-
duced a remonſtrance from the Lord-mayor and C6 out ſtitching, guarding, lace or ſilk.
aldermen, againſt the number of new buildings “ wear no pumps, ſlippers or ſhoes, but of Eng-
and inhabitants within the city and ſuburbs of “ liſh leather, without being pinked, edged, or
London. In conſequence of which her majeſty “ ſtitched : nor girdles, nor garters, other than
iſſued out a proclamation, forbidding any new " of crewel, woolen, thread, or leather, without
buildings of any houſe or tenement within three " being garniſhed. 10. To wear no ſword, dag-
miles from the gates of the city, where no for ger, or other weapon, but a knife: nor a ring,
mer houſe could be remembered to have ſtood; “ jewel of gold, nor ſilver, nor filk, in any part
and likewiſe not to fuffer more families than one " of his apparel, on pain of being puniſhed at
to inhabit any houſe; enipowering the Lord-may 56 the diſcretion of che maſter for the firſt offence;
or to commit offenders againſt this proclamation, <to be publicly whipped at the hall of his
or to hold them to bail. The next Lord-mayor C. company for a ſecond offence, and to ſerve fix
when he took the oath in the exchequer, was of months longer than ſpecified in his indentures
ſtrictly charged by the lord-treaſurer to enforce the 66 for a third offence.” And it was further enact-
ſaid proclamation, becauſe, faid he, from an in ed, “ That no apprentice ſhould frequent or go
creaſe of people there will ariſe an exceſſive price to any dancing, fencing, or muſical ſchools :
of victuals and fuel, and confequently great dan nor keep any cheſt, preſs, or other place, for
ger of infection and plague. His lordſhip farther “ keeping of apparel or goods, but in his maf-
admoniſhed him to enquire diligently after fugi " ter's houſe, under the penaltles aforeſaid.”
tives, eſpecially from Rome, who were minikers
of the religion, ſtate and government, practicers This year one Peter Maurice, a German engi-
of ſedition, and perſons dangerous to the realm. neer, propoſed a ſcheme to the Lord-mayor and
The citizens of London became ſo extrava aldermen for erecting a machine to ſupply the city
gant in their dreſs, that it was thought neceſſary with Thames water, which ſcheme being approved
by her majeſty to iſſue a proclamation againſt ex of, the ſame was erected in the River near Lon-
ceſs of apparel, gold chains and cloaks, which don-bridge. As an encouragement for this great
the men at this time wore down to their heels: piece of ingenuity, Maurice obtained a leaſe of
by which alſo the length of daggers was limited one arch, and a place for fixing his engine upon,
to twelve inches beſide the hilts, and ſwords to at the north-end of the bridge, for the term of
three feet.
five hundred years, at the rent of ten ſhillings
In the year 1581, the croſs in Cheapſide liava
per annum Two years after this, he obtained a
ing been frequently preſented by the inqueſt as a leaſe for another arch: and the citizens finding
public nuiſance, in obſtructing carriages, and the the great utility of this invention; he and his
complainants not finding any redreſs, the inhabi. poſterity grew wealthy by its improvements. In
tants, (who were likewiſe offended at the figures 1701 they ſold the property to Richard Soams, a
with which the croſs was adorned) ſo highly re goldſmith, for thirty-ſix thouſand pounds. Mau-
ſented it, that in the night-time it was almoſt de rece having firſt obtained another leaſe of the
moliſhed by perſons unknown.
fourth arch. Soams got from the city a confir-
In the year 1582, the luxury of the times having mation of Maurice's leaſe, at the yearly rent of
greatly prevailed among people of all degrees, in twenty ſhillings, and a fine of three hundred
their apparel, particularly apprentices, the Lord pounds. After which Soams divided the whole
mayor and common-council enacted,
66 Thai
property in three hundred ſhares, at five hundred
no apprentice whatſoever ſhould preſume, pounds each, and made it a company.
1. To wear any apparel but what he receives In the year 1583, in the month of September,
66 from his maſter. 2. To wear no hat; nor any the citizens of London held a very ſplendid
“ thing but a woolen cap, without any ſilk in or ſhooting match, under the ditrection of the cap-
« about the ſame. 3. To wear neither ruffles, tain of the London archers, who was ftiled the
“ cuffs, loofe collars, nor other thing than a ruff duke of Shoreditch. * the captain fummoned his
66
66
King Henry VIII. having appointed a great ſhooting
match at Windfor, it happened, that, towards night, when
the diverſion was almoſt over, one Barlow, a citizen of Lon-
dong and inhabitant of Shoreditch, out ſhot all the reſt; with
which the king was ſo well pleaſed, that he told Barlow,
that thenceforth he ſhould be called, the duke of Shoreditch ;
which title the captain of the London archers preferved for
ſeveral generations after,
nominal

208
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
nominal nobility to attend him with their ſeveral “ by former experience, to perform any ſervice
companies under the following titles, viz. The " that well-affected ſubjects ought to yield to
marquiſſes of Barlow, Clerkenwell, Illington, " their prince and ſovereign, do let you under-
Hoxton, and Shacklewell, and the earl of Pancraſs, • ſtand, that within our faid city our pleaſure is,
&c. Being met at the time and place appointed, 66 that there be forthwith put in a readineſs to
the pompous march began at the merchant-taylors 6 ſerve for defence of our perſon, upon ſuch oc-
hall, and proceeded through Broad-ſtreet, (the « caſions as may fall out, the number of ten
reſidence of the duke their captain) to Moorfields, " thouſand able men, furniſhed with armour and
and from thence by Finſbury to Smithfield ; weapons convenient; of which number, our
where, after performing ſeveral exerciſes, they meaning is, that fix thouſand be enrolled
Thot at the target for glory. This body conſiſted " under captains and enſigns, and to be trained
of three thouſand archers ſumptuouſly apparelled, " at times convenient, according to ſuch fur-
nine hundred and forty-two of whom had golden " ther direction as you ſhall receive from our
chains about their necks : thoſe were preceded by privy-council, under ſix of their hands, which
whifflers and bellmen, that made up the number our pleaſure is you do follow from time to
four thouſand, beſides pages and footmen. “ time in the ordering and training of the ſaid
In the year 1585 her majeſty being apprehen-
(6 numbers of men. And theſe our letters ſhall
five of an invaſion from Spain, the citizens, at “ be your ſufficient warrant for the doing of the
their own expence, fent five thouſand men com « fame. Given under our ſigner, &c.”
pleatly armed, to encamp on Blackheath; at which Two days after, this was ſupported by another
place they were reviewed different times by the letter from the privy-council. Theſe being laid
queen: the ſaid citizens ſoon after ſent a conſider before a court of common-council, they unani.
able body of ſoldiers compleatly armed, and mouſly agreed to grant ten thouſand troops as re-
cloathed in red, to the aſſiſtance of the Dutch quired ; and that the aldermen and common-
againſt the Spaniards.
council ſhould raiſe them in their ſeveral wards
This year a houſe was diſcovered on Smart's reſpectively. No ſooner was this executed than
key, near Billingſgate, wherein was a ſchool for the lords of the privy-council ſent another letter
teaching young boys to pick-pockets, or cut pur to the Lord-mayor, entreating him to have them
ſes: for which purpoſe two devices were hung up, ready to march where her majeſty ſhould comi
the one was a putſe, the other a pocket; the latter mand to attack the enemy. This was not only
of which had counters in it, and was hung about immediately complied with, but on the third of
with hawks-bells, and over it a ſmall facring -bell. April, the common-council granted a ſupply of
In the purſe was ſome filver, and he that could ſixteen of the largeſt ſhips in the river, and four
take out a counter without any noiſe was adjudged || frigates, which were fitted out with the greateſt
to be a public Foyſter ; that is, a pick pocket; || expedition, and ſupplied with all the neceſſaries
and he that could take a piece of ſilver out of the
of war.
The expence of the ten thouſand men
purſe without diſturbing any of the bells, was al and theſe ſhips, which were afterwards increaſed
lowed, according to the terms of that art, to be to thirty-eight, was defrayed by the citizens during
a Nypper ; that is, a pick-purſe, or cut-purſe. the time they continued in the ſervice of her mam
In the year 1986, the earl of Northumberland || jefty.
having been committed to the Tower on ſuſpi The following is a liſt of the quota of troops
cion of confpiring, with ſome others, to invade raiſed in the ſeveral wards of the city.
England, and ſet the queen of Scots at liberty,
men
was found dead in his bed, ſhot in the body with In Farringdon within
807
three bullets under his pap, and the door bolted Aldgate
347
on the inſide,
Coleman-ftreet
229
This fame year, on the ſixth of December, Baliiſhaw
177
Mary, queen of Scots was ſentenced to be be Billingſgate
headed. The Lord-mayor and aldermen, toge-
Broad-ſtreet ward
373
ther with many of the nobility, proclaimed the Bread-ſtreet ward
386
dreadful ſentence in Cheapſide, at Leadenhall, Alderſgate ward
232
the end of London-bridge, and that of Chan Bridge ward within
383
cery-lane. Soon after which ſhe was executed on Dowgate ward
384
a ſcaffold erected for that purpoſe.
Cornhill ward
191
In the year 1587 her majeſty ſtill continued to Caſtle-baynard ward
551
prepare againſt any attempts that might be made Lime-ſtreet ward
99
by the Spaniards, ſent the Lord-mayor, on the Cheap ward
358
eighth of March, the following letter :
Queenhithe ward
404
Farringdon without
1264
Truſty and well-beloved we greet you well.
Cordwainers ward
300
" Whereas upon information given unto us of Tower-ſtreet ward
444
great preparations made in foreign parts with Walbrook ward
290
an intent to attempt ſomewhat againſt this our Vintry ward
364
“ realm, we gave preſent order that our ſaid Portfoken ward
243
“ realm ſhould be put in order of defence ; Candlewick ward
215
" which we have cauſed to be performed in all Cripplegate ward
925
parts accordingly, ſaving in the city of Lon Biſhopſgate ward
326
“ don. We therefore knowing your readineſs, Langbourn ward
349
-
365
1
TITO
65
This

HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON.
209
66
ec
66
This year Mr. Ralph Lane, on his return from liberties, nominated only one: with which now
the Weſt-Indies, brought fome tobacco with him, mination Sir John Spencer the mayor ſent a letter
which was the firſt of that weed ever ſeen in Eng to the lord-treaſurer ; the moſt material part of
land.
which runs thus: “ The grave commoners of
In the year 1590, the owners of the coal “ the city of London hearing a common bruit,
works at Newcaſtle, entered into a combination " that a new recorder was ſpeedily to be choſen,
to enhance the price of that commodity in Lon at a common-council held at Guildhall onz
don, from four ſhillings to nine ſhillings the “ Tueſday laſt for other cauſes, one of them in
chaldron. And the lord high admiral of Eng " that behalf made very earneſt ſuit, becauſe in
land, in the year following, claimed a right to " all our counſels and conſultations (which are
the coal-metage in the port of London ; but the - almoſt daily for one cauſe or other) the recor-
mayor and citizens fhewing their prior right to der hath of ancient time been preſent as a prin
the ſame, he receded from his pretenſions. To “ cipal man, both for advice in law and other di-
prevent all controverſies in that reſpect for the " rection, and now, of late, thoſe which we
future, the citizens applied to the queen, who
" have had have been for the moſt part abſent ;
confirmed their right to the ſame.
" that therefore myſelf and the aldermen would
The following year the plague broke out again take care, that hereafter we chuſe no ferjeant
ſo violently in London, that notwithſtanding the nor other ſtranger ; but only ſome one that is
moſt falutary meaſures were taken for ſtopping its 66 reſident and dwelling among us, and acquaint-
progreſs, it took off no leſs than ten thouſand, fix " ed with our cuſtoms; and to make choice of
hundred and ſeventy-five citizens.
C ourſelves, as we have been wont, without ſend.
In the year 1593, the city of London and its
ing any names, as hath been mentioned : and
fuburbs being greatly peftered with vagrants, beg. " therefore very urgent ſuit was made in com-
gars, and thieves, her majeſty iſſued a proclama-
mon-council on the behalf of the commoners ;
tion for ſuppreſſing them, and commanded the “ whereof I have thought it my duty to adver-
Lord-mayor and other officers to execute the " tize your lordſhip, moſt humbly deſiring you
ſame within three miles of the city.
“ to be a means, that we may herein have our
The following year, in obedience to her ma own free election, according to our ancient
jeſty's requeſt, the Lord-mayor and common Co cuſtom : ſo that though we have lately had moſt
council agreed to fit out ſix ſhips of war at their worthy men, yet we have found their long and
own expence, and two frigates, and to ſtore the “ much abſence a great mahim unto us. And
ſame with proviſions and ammunition for three (6 for mine own opinion, my, good lord, as alſo
months; two days after which they likewiſe cs of many others, we have one born and dwelling
agreed to raiſe four hundred and fifty men for the " amongſt us, whom we have great experience
ſervice of her majeſty, and to maintain them at " of, and think very able to do us ſervice in this
their own expence ; for which a fifteenth was “ behalf ; his name is Mr. James Altham, ſon
granted and raiſed among the citizens.
w of Mr. Altham, late of Effex, efq; he is a
In the year 1595 the apprentices of London, “ bencher of Gray's-inn, and one of our ordi-
having been ſeduced by a ſet of incorrigible vil nary fworn counſellors of the city, well ac-
lains, were arrived at ſuch a pitch of inſolence, " quainted with our cuſtoms, and very well
that, to prevent riots, it was found neceſſary by " thought of for his honeſty and ſkill in law,
the mayor to lay the caſe before the lord-trea. “ both throughout the city and elſewhere.” Af-
ſurer for her majeſty's protection. On the fourth ter which he concludes with his earneſt requeſt
of July, a royal proclamation was iſſued for ap that her majeſty would be pleaſed to approve this
prehending ſuch vagrants and rioters ; in which nomination.
her majeſty appointed a provoft-marſhal, with In the year 1596, while the Lord-mayor and
power to apprehend all ſuch as might be refrac aldermen were attending a fermon at St. Paul's
cory to the officers of juſtice, and, by order of croſs, they received a meſſage from the queen,
martial law, to execute them on the gallows. || commanding them to raiſe a thouſand able bodied
Sir Thomas Wilford, who was appointed pro men with all expedition. In compliance with
voft-marſhal, patroled the city, with a numerous which, they immediately left the church, and
attendance on horſeback, armed with piſtols, and applied ſo diligently, that before eight at night,
apprehended many of the rioters, whom he took they obtained the number of men required, who
before the juſtices appointed for their examina were compleatly armed and ready to march be-
tion. On the twenty-ſecond of July they were fore next morning : but unexpected advice being
tried at Guildhall, and five of them being con received from Calais, to whoſe relief they were
demned, were, two days after, agreeable to their intended, their appearance became unneceffary,
ſentence, executed on Tower-hill
. This put a and they were all diſcharged. The court, how-
ſtop to rioting for a conſiderable time after. ever, being again alarmed, on Eaſter-day in the
This year, her majeſty, having preferred the || morning ſent another meſſage to the Lord-mayor
recorder of London, informed the citizens of and aldermen, commanding them to raiſe the
her intent to make choice of one herſelf; for like number of men as before. In obedience to
which purpoſe ſhe deſired the Lord-mayor to which they, with their proper officers, repaired
ſend her the names of ſuch perſons as were intend to the different churches in their reſpective juriſ-
ed to be put in nomination for that office. The dictions, and, cauſing the doors to be ſhut, they
citizens, alarmed at this extraordinary proceeding, | took, during the time of divine ſervice, the
and ſuſpecting it to be a ſtroke on their rights and number of men required; who being properly
18
armed
G88

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
armed with all poſſible expedition, began their l by the Spaniards, they were countermanded, and
march the night following for Dover, in order received orders to return to their reſpective habi-
for their embarkation for France : but her ma tations.
jeſty receiving advice of the reduction of Calais
CHAPTER XXXII.
o's besoi
A great Famine. Six thouſand men and fixteen ships raiſed by the citizens for the uſe of her
majeſty. Remarkable hurricane. Earl of Eſſex endeavours to engage the city to his party.
w Is defeated. Surrenders and executed. A&t of common-council againſt hawkers, &c. Ac-
ceffion of king James I. to the throne. His reception into London, and coronation. Prohi-
bition of fairs and new buildings. The power of the Court of Conſcience farther enlarged by
parliament. The king's firſt charter to the citizens. Is entertained by the Lord-mayor, and
afterwards by the merchant-taylors. Great froſt. The king's ſecond charter. Rebuilding of
Aldgate. Ereeting of public graneries. Foundation and endowment of the Charter-bouſe.
- Hicks's-hall founded.
I
N the year 1597 the harveſt failing by the conſequence of this his few friends deſerted him,
great quantity of rain that fell in England, and he was obliged to fly by water to Effex-houſe;
ſo great a famine enſued, that wheat fold in to which place being purſued by the earl of Not-
London for five pounds four ſhillings the quarter, tingham, and finding no proſpect of ſucceſs from
and rye at three pounds twelve ſhillings.
his defence againſt the queen's forces, his lord-
In the year 1599 the enemies of the earl of ſhip ſurrendered at diſcretion. Whereupon he
Effex having been apprized of his coming with was taken priſoner to Lambeth palace, and after-
an army from Ireland to ſuppreſs theſe courtiers, wards removed to the Tower, in which place he
artfully gave out, that the Spaniards were medi was beheaded. He was the laſt perſon who was
Cating another invaſion. In conſequence of which executed within the walls of the Tower.
her majeſty demanding the aſſiſtance of the city The trade and navigation on the coaſt of Eng-
of London on this occaſion, they ſupplied her land having been greatly interrupted by Spaniſh
with fix thouſand ſoldiers, and fitted out fixteen privateers, her majeſty commanded a number of
ſhips of war; one moiety whereof were to take inips of war to be built; for the defraying of
the field, and the other, compoſed of eminent which expence no leſs than five fifteenths were
citizens, to attend the queen as her body guard, || raiſed by the city of London; and a proclamation
at their own and the city's expence. During this was iſſued for diſcharging all ſuch debtors in the
time of public danger, by command of her || goals of London as were willing to enter on board
majeſty, ſtrong guards were kept in all quar the ſaid ſhips.
ters of the city, chains drawn acroſs every night In the year 1602, the trade of the city of Lon-
at the ends of all ſtreets and lanes, and a candle don having been greatly detrimented by the en-
and lantern hung out at every door on pain of creaſe of hawkers and pedlars, the common-
death.
council enacted, “ That no citizen or other inha-
In the year 1600, on the 23d of December, “ bitant of London, for the future, ſhould under
there was a moſt terrible hurricane, which did any pretence whatſoever, preſume to let, be-
great damage to the city by blowing down chim “ fore his, her, or their houſe, any ſtall, ftand, or
nies, ſtripping churches and houſes, and tearing « perpreſture, upon the penalty of twenty ſhil-
up trees by the roots, The Gravefend tilt-boat “ lings. And that all hawkers offending againft
was loſt in the ſtorm, and nineteen perſons who " the tenour of this act, not only to forfeit all
were on board periſhed.
" their goods ſo offered to fale, but likewiſe
This year the citizens raiſed 500 ſoldiers, and, pay a fine of twenty ſhillings for every ſuch
by the command of the queen, ſent them into « offence.”
Ireland. And in the following year they fitted out In the year 1603 queen Elizabeth made her laſt
Leveral gallies for her ſervice at ſea, towards the demand of the citizens; which was, to fit out
charge of which three fifteenths were raiſed in the two ſhips of war and a tender for her ſervice, and
city by the common-council.
to maintain them at the expence of fix thouſand
The earl of Effex, accompanied only by a pounds per annum.
few of his friends, arrived from Ireland at his It is ſomething very ſingular, that, during the
houſe in the Strand : and having been made to long reign of this queen, and conſidering the rea-
believe that the citizens were diſpoſed to riſe in his dineſs with which the citizens of London always
favour ſhould he enter the city, he too precipi- || anſwered her demands, ſhe did not grant them any
tately made the attempt, buc found himſelf dif new charter of privileges, nor even fo much as
appointed: at laſt, by order of the queen, he confirm their ancient franchiſes.
was proclaimed a traitor in Cheapſide, and his re On the demiſe of queen Elizabeth, the privy-
creai cut off by forces placed at Ludgate. In ouncil, affifted by the Lord-mayor, having ac.
knowledged

HISTORY and SURVEY of LON DO N.
2II
66
6C
66
66
knowledged James king of Scotland to be the every other perſon and perfons; inhabiting, or
lawful ſucceſſor to the crown of England, he was “ įhat ſhall inhabit, within the city of London,
proclaimed in the city of London on the 24th of or liberties thereof, being a tradeſman, victu-
March with the greateſt demonſtrations of Joy. “ aller, or labouring man, which have, or ſhall
On his majeſty's approach to London, he was “ have, any debts owing to him or them, not
met at Waltham by Sir John Swinnerton, one of amouncing to forty ſhillings, by any citizen or
the ſheriffs, (his colleague being ill) attended by “ freeman, or by any other perſon or perſons,
ſixty ſervants in rich liveries; and on his arrival being a victualler, tradeſman, or labouring
at Stamford-hill, he was received by the Lord man, inhabiting within the ſaid city, or the
mayor and aldermen in their ſcarlet robes, with " liberties thereof, ſhould or might cauſe fuch
gold chains about their necks, accompanied by " debtors to be warned to appear before the ſaid
five hundred of the principal citizens on horſe "s commiſſioners of the ſaid court of requeſts.
back. His majeſty was conducted from hence to 66 And the ſaid commiſſioners or any three or more
the Charter-houſe, where he was ſumptuouſly " of them, ſhall have power to ſet down ſuch or-
entertained by lord Howard, for four days ſucceſ ders between plaintiff and defendant, creditor
ſively. But the great preparations that had been C and debtor, touching ſuch debts not amount-
making for the king's public entry into London, |.“ ing to forcy ſhillings, as they ſhall find to
and the city rejoicings, was poſtponed to the fol “ ſtand with equity and good confcience, and to
lowing year, on account of the plague, which at adminiſter an oath to the creditor or debtor, and
this time raged fo violently in the city, that within to fuch witneſſes as ſhall be produced on each
the year it carried off thirty thouſand five hundred part ; and to commit to priſon, in one of the
and ſeventy eight perſons, three thouſand and compters, ſuch creditor and debtor as ſhall
ninety of whom died in one week.
not appear upon lawful ſummons, or not per-
This calamity, however, being happily over, " form ſuch order, as the ſaid commiſſioners, or
on the fifteenth of March the king, and queen, any three or more of them, ſhall fer down.”
and prince Henry rode from the Tower of Lon With this proviſo,
" That this ſhall not extend
don through the city, which on this occaſion was to any debt for any rent upon any leaſe of
decorated in the moſt pompous manner,
and “ lands or tenements, or any other real contracts;
embelliſhed with ſeven magnificent triumphal nor to any other debt that ſhall ariſe by reaſon
arches, and a great number of ſtately pageants. “ of any cauſe concerning teſtament or matri-
The ſtreets were adorned with the richeſt filks mony, or any thing concerning, or properly
and carpets, and lined on each ſide by the ſeveral " belonging to the ecclefiaftical court, albeit the
corporations in their formalities and ſtands, with « faine ſhall be under forty ſhillings.”'
their flags and bands of muſic.
On the twenty-fifth of July, the day appointed The citizens had fo effectually wrought them-
for the coronation ; the Lord-mayor, aldermen, ſelves into the favour of the king, that his ma-
and twelve principal citizens, attended in quality | jeſty, this ſame year, granted them the following
of chief butler of England, and received the charter :
uſual fee of a gold cup and ewer.
The follow-
ing day the Lord-mayor and aldermen waited on
, grace
his majeſty agreeable to the royal command, and Scotland, France, and Ireland, king, defender
thoſe who had not been knighted were now dig " of the faith, &c. To all to whom our letters
nified with that honour.
patents ſhall come, greeting. Whereas oưr
In conſequence of the great plague in London, " beloved the mayor and conmonalty, and citi-
a proclamation was iſſued for ſuppreſſing not only zens, of our city of London, time out of mind,
Bartholomew fair, but all others within fifty miles “ have had, exerciſed, and ought, and have ac-
of the city : and another ſtrictly prohibiting all " cuſtomed themſelves to have and exerciſe, the
perſons from building on new foundations within c office of bailiff, and conſervation of the water
the walls, and within three miles of the city gates, " of Thames, to be exerciſed and occupied by
on the penalty that all ſuch houſes ſhould be de " the mayor of the ſaid city for the time being,
ſtroyed.
during the time of his mayoralty, or by his
In the year 1604, the Court of Requeſts or “ ſufficient deputies, in, upon, and about the
Court of Conſcience, which had been originally water of Thames, that is to ſay, from the bridge
eſtabliſhed in 1517, by act of common-council, " of the town of Staines, in the county of Mid-
was found fo beneficial to the inferior claſs of ci « dleſex, and toward the eaſt unto London-bridge,
tizens, that the corporation, in order to ſtrengthen " and from thence to a certain place called Ken-
their own act againſt the artful attempts of the 6 dall, otherwiſe Yenland, otherwiſe Yenlet, to-
lawyers and unmerciful creditors, applied to par 6 wards the ſea, and towards the eaſt, and in
liament, and obtained an act for niore firmly eſ “ Medway, and in the port of the city of Lon-
tabliſhing the faid court. This precaution, how " don aforeſaid, upon whatſoever bank, and upon
ever, did not anſwer the good end propoſed ; for every ſhore, and upon every wharf, of the
many perſons converted ſome particular words in " ſaid water of Thames, within the limits and
the ſaid act for their own lucre and benefit, con « bounds aforeſaid, and in, and upon, and about
trary to the good meaning of the ſaid act. To “ all and every of them: and alſo for all the time
remedy which, another act of parliament paſſed " aforeſaid, have, had, and taken, and ought and
the following year, whereby the authority of the " have accuſtomed to have and take, to their
ſaid court was much farther enlarged, viz. “ That own proper uſe, by the mayor of the ſame
every citizen and freeman of London, and “ city for the time being, during the time of his
mayoralty,
66

212
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
« mayoralty, or by his ſufficient deputies, all
wages, rewards, fees and profits, belonging to
66 the ſaid office of water-bailiff. And whereas the
ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens, from
“ all the time aforeſaid, have had and exerciſed
66 the office of meaſurer, and meaſuring of all
“ coals and grain of whatſoever kind ; and alſo
“ of all kinds of ſalt, and all kind of apples,
pears, plumbs, and other fruits whatſoever ;
6 and alſo all kind of roots eatable, of what
" kind foever, and of onions, and of all other
" merchandizes, wares, and things whatſoever
... meaſureable, and the meaſuring of every of
“ them, in or unto the ſaid port of London com-
ing, carried, or brought upon the ſaid waters
« in whatſoever ſhip, boat, barge, or veſſel, foat-
" ing, laden, and being on whatſoever part of
“ the ſaid water of Thames, or upon whatſoever
" bank, ſhore, or wharf of the ſaid water of
« Thames, which ſhall come to, arrive, abide, be
“ delivered, or laid down, from the ſaid bridge
66 of the ſaid town of Staines weſtward to the
“ faid bridge of London, and from thence to the
" ſaid place called Yendall, otherways Yenlet, to-
56 wards the ſea, and towards the eaſt, and in Med-
way: and in the ſaid port of the city of Lon-
“ don aforeſaid, to exerciſe and occupy the ſame
“ office by the mayor of the city, for the time,
during the time of his mayoralty, or by his
“ fufficient deputies. And alſo for all the ſaid
“ time they have had and taken, and ought to
es have and take, to their proper uſe, by the mayor
“s of the ſaid city for the time being, during his
mayoralty, or by his ſufficient deputies, all
wages, rewards, fees, and profits to the ſaid of-
“ fice belonging : and notwithſtanding they,
" the mayor and commonalty, and citizens, of
“ late times thereof have been diſquieted, and in
" ſome meaſuring aforeſaid unjuſtly hindered, and
as eſpecially in the faid office of meaſuring coals,
ſuppoſing that office to the mayor and com-
monalty, and citizens, anciently not to apper-
“ tain, neither by any lawful grant or preſcrip-
« tion as yet to appertain and belong, whereas
" in truth it doth manifeſtly and plainly appear,
" that the ſame offices, and all other premiſes to
66 them of old time appertaining, and do now
6 of right appertain, and that they lawfully re-
“ ceived and enjoyed, and ought to have, take
“ and enjoy the wages and rewards, fees and
s perquiſites thereof: we therefore, to take away
" all controverſies, and remove all doubt in this
“ behalf, and to the intent that the ſaid mayor
« and commonalty, and citizens, may ſecurely,
“ freely, and quietly uſe, have, exerciſe and en-
joy the offices aforeſaid, and every of them,
" and the meaſuring aforeſaid, and the fees,
wages, rewards and profits to the ſaid office
• and meaſuring belonging, and all and fingular
6 other the premiſes to them and their ſucceſſors
« for ever, without the contradiction, moleſta-
" tion, or hindrance any ways of us, our heirs
“ or ſucceſſors, admiral of England, juſtices,
« eſcheators, ſheriffs, bailiffs, or other our officers
or minifters whatſoever. And becauſe it is
" well pleaſing unto us to fhew favour in this
« behalf to the fame mayor, commonalty, and
6 citizens, and rather increaſe, ſtrengthen, and
“ enlarge, than diminiſh the liberties, franchiſes,
juriſdictions, privileges, and free-cuſtoms of
" the city of London aforeſaid, of our ſpecial
grace, and from our certain knowledge and
meer motion, we do by theſe preſents approve,
" allow, certify and confirm, for us, our heirs,
" and fucceffors, all and ſingular the offices and
" meaſuring aforefaid, and other recited premiſes,
" and the wages, fees, and profits, belonging
" and appertaining thereto, and the uſe and
" cuſtoms aforeſaid, to the faid mayor and com-
« monalty, and citizens of the ſaid city aforeſaid,
" and their ſucceſſors. And further of our ſpe-
« cial grace, and certain knowledge and meer
66 motion, we have granted, and by theſe pre-
6 ſents, for us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, do
" grant to the faid mayor and commonalty, and
« citizens, and their ſucceſſors, that they may ex-
" erciſe and execute the ſaid office of water-bailiff,
« and conſervation of the water of Thames, by
" the mayor of the ſaid city for the time being,
« during the time of his mayoralty, or his fuffi-
« cient deputies, from time to time, for ever,
« in, upon, or about the ſame water of Thames;
" that is to ſay, from the bridge of Staines to the
bridge of London, and from thence to a cer-
“ tain place called Yendall, otherwiſe Yenlet, to-
Es wards the fea, and towards the eaſt, and in Med-
way, and in the port of the city of London
« aforeſaid, and upon whatſoever bank, ſhore,
« and wharf of the fame water of Thames,
c6 within the limits and bounds aforeſaid, in, upon,
“ and about every one of the fame, and to receive
" and collect, and enjoy all and ſingular wages,
“ rewards, fees, and profits to the ſame office of
"s bailiff pertaining, to the proper uſe of the ſaid
“ mayor and commonalty, and citizens, by the
“ mayor of the ſame city for the time being,
during the time of his mayoralty, or by his
fufficient deputies : and alſo of our more ample
grace, and from our certain knowledge and
« meer motion, we have given, and by theſe
preſents, for us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, do
grant to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and
« citizens, and their fucceffors that they may
“ peaceably and quietly, from time to time, for
6 ever execute and exerciſe the aforeſaid office
« of meaſurer of all and ſingular coals and grain,
o of what ſort foever, and all kind of apples,
“ pears, plumbs, and other fruit whatſoever ;
" and all roots to be eaten of whatſoever fort;
“ and alſo of onions, and other merchandizes,
wares, and things meaſureable, and the mea.
ſuring of them, whatſoever in or to the port
cs of London coming, carried, or brought, in
“ whatſoever ſhips, boats, barges, or other vel-
“ ſels, foating, laden, remaining, or being in
" any part of the fame river of Thames, and
upon any bank, or ſhore, or wharf of the ſame
“ water of Thames, happening to unlade, ſtay,
“ remain, be delivered, or laid down, from the
<< ſaid bridge of the town of Staines, in the coun-
“ ty of Middleſex, and towards the weſt unto
« London-bridgeaforeſaid, and from thence to the
" ſaid place called Yendall, alias Yenlet, towards
“ the ſea and eaſt, and in Medway, and in the ſaid
« port of the city of London, by the mayor of
" the aforeſaid city for the time being, during
(6
66
46 che

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON213
.
.
" the time of his mayoralty, or by his ſufficient s provided, or any other thing; cauſe of matter
deputies, and to have, receive, collect, and " whatſoever notwithſtanding.
« enjoy all and ſingular the wages, rewards, fees, “ In witneſs whereof, theſe our letters we
c and profits whatſoever, to the fame office of “ have cauſed to be made patents : witneſs my-
“ meaſuring, belonging or appertaining, to the “ ſelf at Weſtminſter, the twentieth day of Au-
“ uſe of the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and gult, in the third year of our reign of Eng-
“ citizens, and their ſucceſſors; to be received es land, France and Ireland, and of Scotland the
" and taken up by the mayor of the aforeſaid thirty-ninth.”
“ city for the time being, during the time of his In the year 1605, the king borrowed of the
“ mayoralty, or his ſufficient deputies, without city of London fixty thouſand pounds, and in
" the hindrance of us, our heirs or fucceffors, or the month of October he was proclaimed, in
any of our officers, bailiffs, or minifters, or of Cheapfide, king of Great Britain, France and
“ our admiral of England, or of our ſucceſſors, Ireland.
" or any others of our ſubjects, or of our heirs On the twelfth of June, 1606, the Lord-mayor
66 and fucceffors, to be made to the contrary ; entertained his majeſty in a moft fplendid man-
to have, hold, and enjoy the ſaid office, and ner at Clothworkers-hall; and preſented him
ss all and ſingular the premiſes, with all and with a purſe of gold, which his majeſty accepted
ſingular wages, rewards, fees, profits, and with the ſtrongeſt marks of affection for the citi-
appurtenances whatſoever, to the ſaid offices, zens: and on the fifteenth of July he conferred
" and every or any of them, belonging or ap the ſame honour on the maſter and wardens of
pertaining, to the aforeſaid mayor and com the Merchant-taylors, who likewiſe preſented him
« monalty, and citizens, and their fucceffors for with the fame compliment, and another to his ſon
so ever, by the mayor of the aforeſaid city for prince Henry, who, by command of the king,
" the time being, during the time of his mayor honoured the company by accepting the freedom
alty, or his ſufficient deputies, to be exerciſed thereof. His majeſty this day diſcharged a debt
6 and executed, without any account, or any of ſixty thouſand pounds, which he had borrow-
« other thing, to be rendered or made thereof to ed of the citizens.
us, our heirs or fucceffors ; ſo as no other bai- | The proclamations hitherto publiſhed to pre-
“ liff, or conſervator, of the ſaid water, or mea vent buildings on new foundations having proved
“ ſurer of coals, grain, ſalt, apples, pears, plumbs, | ineffectual, another proclamation was made this
s roots to be eaten, onions, or other merchan year to enforce the faid acts: but this not being
o dizes and commodities, or of any thing or regarded, the matter was taken into conſidera-
things above-mentioned, ſhall be, or ſhall in tion by the ſtar-chamber, and many perſons were
any wiſe intermeddle in the premiſes, or any of cenſured for not regulating their buildings ac-
« them. And we, willing to ſhew to our ſaid cording to the royal edict. To prevent the decay
mayor and commonalty, and citizens, more of wood, it was alſo enjoined, “ That all perſons
ample favour, of our ſpecial grace, from our " ſhould build the fronts of their houſes either
“ certain knowledge and meer motion, for us, 66 with ſtone or brick."
our heirs and ſucceſſors, grant, and by this In the year 1607, the city being ſtill greatly
our preſent charter confirm unto the ſaid mayor peſtered with foreign hawkers and pedlars, the
:“ and commonalty, and citizens, and their fuc common council enacted, “ That no foreigner
66 ceffors, hitherto in ſome caſe happening, have “ whatſoever ſhould preſume to vend his, her,
" not uſed, or peradventure have abuſed the offi. or their goods in the city, by connivance or
56 ces aforeſaid, or any, or ſome of the offices, otherwiſe, either in houſe, ſhop, ſtall, or ſtreet,
" or the meaſuring aforeſaid, or any thing or upon the penalty of five pounds for every of-
things, to any or ſome of them appertaining or “ fence; except ſuch as bring proviſions to the
belonging: notwithſtanding they the mayor, city.”
“ and commonalty, and citizens, and their ſuccef This year the river Thames was frozen over ſo
o fors, from henceforth freely and peaceably ſhall hard, that it became the place of all public en-
uſe and enjoy the ſaid offices, ſo not without tertainments and diverſions: and on the nine-
66 hindrance uſed or abuſed, and every of them, teenth of February following, the tide ran fo
56 without the let or impediment of us, our heirs contrary to its natural courſe, that it was high
“ or fucceffors, or of our juſtices, eſcheators, water at London-bridge at the time it ſhould have
e ſheriffs, or other bailiffs, officers or miniſters been low water. This preternatural tide, after it
“ of us, our heirs or ſucceſſors; any ſtatute or or had ebbed about half an hour, returned with ſuch
& dinance made, or judgment rendered, or any impetuoſity, that it aroſe two feet higher than at
« charters of us, our progenitors or predeceſſors, firſt, it gradually ebbed and fowed a ſecond and
66 in times paſt made or granted notwithſtand third time, and then returned to its natural
« ing: although there be no expreſs mention in courſe.
« theſe preſents of the true yearly value or cer In the month of May following, the king
66 tainty of the premiſes, or of any of them, or wanting money, applied to the citizens, who, in
66 of other gifts or grants by us, or by any of
conſideration of his former good payment, ad-
our progenitors or predeceſſors to the faid vanced him the ſum of fixty-three thouſand
mayor, and commonalty, and citizens of the pounds.
city of London aforeſaid, before theſe times Soon after this his majeſty, in order to confirm
« made, or any ſtatute, act, ordinance, proviſion, the citizens of London in their love and affection
“ proclamation or reſtraint to the contrary thereof for him, granted them the following advantageous
" theretofore had, made, publiſhed, ordained or charter :
18
Hhh
& James,
>>
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
69
« James, by the grace of God, of England,
Scotland, France and Ireland, king, defender
“ of the faith, &c. to all to whom theſe preſent
« letters ſhall come greeting. Whereas very many
“ of our progenitors, ſometimes kings of Eng-
“ land, of their ſpecial grace, and for free, laud-
« able, multiplied, and continued ſervice, done
" and expended in times paſt by the mayor,
“ commonalty, and citizens of the city of Lon-
« don, and their predeceſſors ; and alſo, for di-
« vers other urgent cauſes and conſiderations them
" thereunto eſpecially moving, have given, grant-
« ed, and confirmed, to the ſaid mayor and com-
« monalty, and citizens, of the city of London,
" and their ſucceſſors, divers liberties, privileges,
« franchiſes, immunities, authorities, juriſdic-
s« tions, ordinances, cuſtoms, and quittances, as
" by the ſeveral letters patent of our progenitors
and predeceſſors, ſometimes kings of England,
o more fully and manifeſtly is and appeareth.
• We alſo, for and in conſideration of the high
« fidelity, conſtancy, and ready and laudable fer-
vice, by the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and
citizens, of our ſaid city of London, to us in the
beginning of our reign, and continually ever
« fince manifeſted, faithfully done and expended;
« have ratified and allowed, and by us, our
" heirs, and ſucceſſors, as much as in us is, do
“ accept of and approve, all and fingular the
« letters patent, charters, and confirmations of
« our moſt famous progenitors and anceſtors, to
se the ſame mayor and commonalty, and citizens,
« of the ſaid city of London, and their predeceſ-
“ ſors, by whatſoever name of incorporation be-
« fore theſe times made, granted, or confirmed ;
“ and all and ſingular gifts, grants, confirmations,
u reftitutions, cuſtoms, ordinances, explanations,
“ and all other things whatſoever, in whatſoever
“ letters patent, or charters, of our predeceſſors,
s progenitors, or anceſtors, kings of England;
" and alſo all and ſingular things in the ſaid let-
ters patent, charters, grants, confirmations,
of them, -contained, cited, confirmed,
or explained ; and all and ſingular juriſdictions,
e authorities, privileges, quittances, and free-
" cuſtoms and hereditaments whatſoever, which
" the faid mayor and commonalty, and citizens of
“ the ſaid city of London, or their predeceſſors,
« by the name of mayor and commonalty, and
“ citizens of the city of London ; or by the name
“ of the mayor and aldermen of the city of Lon-
“ don; or by the name of the mayor, citizens,
« and commonalty of the city of London ; or by
" the name of the mayor and commonalty of the
“ city of London; or by the names of the citizens
of the city of London ; or by the names of the
"s barons of London; or by the names of the ba.
« rons of the city of London ; or by any other
names whatſoever ; by reaſon or force of any
« letters parent, charters, or confirmations, of
any of our progenitors, kings of England,
« which in any time or times they had reaſonably
s uſed or exerciſed: and them all and ſingular to
« the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens, of
" the ſaid city of London, and their ſucceſſors, do
“ ratify and confirm; to have and hold, enjoy
« and exerciſe, all and ſingular the premiſes to
" the ſame mayor and commonalty, and citizens
of the faid city of London, and their ſucceſſors
“ for ever, fo fully, clearly, and entirely, and in
as ample manner and form, as if they were or
" had been ſeverally, particularly, and by name
in theſe preſents expreſſed and declared. And
“ further, we will, and of our ſpecial grace, for
us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors, do grant, that
the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens,
" and their ſucceffors, be reſtored to all and fin-
“ gular their authorities, juriſdictions, liberties,
“ franchiſes, privileges, acquittances, immuni-
" ties, and free-cuſtoms; and we do reſtore the
Co. fame to them, and their fucceffors, by theſe
preſents, as fully, freely, and entirely, as they
or their predeceſſors, in any time of our pro-
genitors or predeceſſors, kings of England, uſed
or enjoyed, or ought to have, uſe and enjoy
co the ſame. And we will alſo, and by theſe
preſents for us our heirs and ſucceſſors, of
our ſpecial grace, do grant, chat although the
“ fame mayor and commonalty, and citizens of
" the city aforeſaid, in ſome caſe happening, have
“ not hitherto uſed, or peradventure have abuſed
the ſame, or any authorities, juriſdictions, li-
“ berties, privileges, franchiſes, inmunities,
quittances and free-cuſtoms, in the letters-
patent and charters aforeſaid, or any of them
contained, and other their cuſtoms : they
" notwithſtanding, the mayor and commonalty,
" and citizens of the ſaid city, and their ſuccef-
" fors, from henceforth, fully may enjoy and
“ uſe the ſame authorities, liberties, privileges,
“ franchiſes, immunities, quittances, and free-
66 cuſtoms whatſoever, totally not uſed or abuſed,
" and every of them, without let or hindrance
" of us, our heirs, or fucceffors, the juſtices,
ſheriffs, coroners, eſcheators, or any other bai-
“ liffs, or miniſters of us, our heirs, or ſucceſ-
“ fors whatſoever, any cauſe, matter, or thing,
« whatſoever in times paft to the contrary there-
« of notwithſtanding; to hold all and ſingular
" the premiſes of us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors,
" by the famę and ſuch like ſervices, fee-farm
rents, ſums of money, and demands whatſo-
ever, by which, and as the ſame of us and
" our progenitors or predeceſſors before this time
16 were holden. And whereas within the ſaid
" city of London, the liberties and ſuburbs, and
port of the fame, we are informed the ſearch
« and ſurveying of oil, hops, ſoap, ſalt, butter,
“ cheeſe, and ſuch other like things coming or
brought to the port of the ſaid city, to the in-
6 tent to be fold or expoſed to fale by way of
“ merchandize; and alſo the meaſuring of all
« corn whatſoever of any kind, onions, falt,
« ſea-coals, and fruits of all kinds, fiſh called
" ſhell fiſh, meaſurable and uſed to be meaſured,
" which are coming or brought to the ſaid city of
« London, to the intent to be fold by way of mer-
“ chandize, hitherto have pertained to the mayor
« and commonalty, and citizens of the city of
“ London, and their predeceffors, to be exerciſed
" and exceuted by the mayor of the ſame city for
" the time being, according to the laws, ordi.
“ nances, and ſtatutes made concerning the ſame,
" and the cuſtom of the ſaid city : we, of our
s certain knowledge and meer motion, for us,
" and our ſucceſſors, do ratify the ſame ſearch,
ſurveying,
(G.
or any
66

HISTORÝ and S URVEI of LONDON.
215
co
<c
C
CC
co
66
ές
૮૮
Ćs ſurveying, and meaſuring aforeſaid, in and by " to be built from henceforth for ever, ſhall be
« all things, as the faid mayor and commonalty; “ quit and exonerated of and from all taxes,
« and citizens of the ſaid city, or their fucceffors, 66 fifteenths, and other burdens of ſcot, and of
« lawfully had and enjoyed before this time; and i warch or ward, through or within the city of
ss to the faid now mayor and commonalty, and “ London, to be paid, made, ſuſtained; or con-
“ citizens of the ſaid city of London, and their “ tributed, except the charges and expences due
< ſucceſſors, confirm by theſe preſents. And " and reaſonable for ſetting out foldiers, and for
« further we will, and by thefe preſents, for us, “ the defence of our realm, and ſuch like ſpecial
our heirs, and ſucceſſors, do ordain, and grant " ſervices, concerning us, our heirs, and ſucceſ-
to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citi fors; and except the charges for pavements
" zens of the faid city of London, and their fuc " and cleanſing the lanes, ditches, ways, water-
és ceffors, that the ſaid city of London, and the cir. " courſes, and fewers, within the circuits, pre-
< cuit; bounds, limits, franchiſes, and juriſdiction “ cincts, liberties, and juriſdictions of the ſame
cc of the ſame, do extend and ſtretch forth, and " late houſes or priories called Black-Friars and
may and can extend and ſtretch forth, as well in os White-Friars aforeſaid, reſpectively to be paid ;
< and through all and ſingular the ſeveral circuits, į and that the inhabitants ſhall be quit and ex-
bounds, limits, franchiſes, and juriſdictions of c onerated of and from the office of conſtable
" the late diſſolved priory of the church of Tri “s and ſcavenger, and ſuch offices of charge with-
nity, near Aldgate, London, commonly called "ilt the city aforeſaid, without the circuits and
Creed-church-ſtreer, or the Duke’s-palace; and co limits of the faid late houſe or priory called the
“ the laté diffolved priory of St. Bartholomew, - Black-Friars, and the White-Friars reſpective-
" London, near Smithfield; and the late diffolved “ ly, to be executed and exerciſed. Nevertheleſs,
" hoſpital of St. Bartholomew, in Smithfield, we will that all freemen of the city aforeſaid,
<< without Newgate, London, commonly called “ for the time being, inhabiting, or who ſhall
« Great St. Bartholomew's and Little St. Bartho 66 inhabit, within the ſaid liberties and franchiſes
6 lomew's; and alſo the laté diffolved houſe or “ of the ſaid late houſe or priory of Black-Friars
priory of Preaching Friars, within Ludgate, cs and White-Friars, ſhall be charged eligible un-
“ London, commonly called Black-Friars, and s to all offices and charges, as well mayor of
« alſo the late diffolved houfe or priory of Friars ſheriffs and aldermen of the ſaid city, as of the
" of the order of the Virgin Mary of Mount company within the ſaid city of London, of
Carmel, called White-Friars; and alſo the inn " which they are or (hall be free, as other free-
or liberty of Cold Herbage, otherwiſe Cold - men of the ſaid city are. And furthermore,
" Harburgh, and Cooled Harborough-lane, with có for the better and common profit of our city
" in the liberty of London aforeſaid ; fo as from " of London, and for the accommodation and
“ henceforth for ever, all and ſingular the cir “ fupportation of the charges and expences of
• cuits and franchiſes aforeſaid of the late dif as the ſaid city, for us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors,
« folved priory church of St. Trinity, and the " we will and grant to the ſame mayor and com-
“ faid diffolved priory or houſe of St. Bartholo monalty, and citizens of the ſaid city, and to
s6 mew, and the ſaid late diffolved hoſpital of St. " their ſucceſſors, that from henceforth all and
“ Bartholomew, and alſo the late diffolved houſe “ fingular perſons, though they be not free of
" or monaſtery of Preaching Friars, and alſo the " the fame city, who now are or hereafter ſhall
" late diffolved houſe or priory of Friars of the « be dwelling within the ſaid city, the liberties
“ bleſſed Virgin Mary, and alſo the ſaid inn and or precincts of the ſame, (except the inhabi-
liberty of Cold Harbour, be, and every of 66 tants within the liberties and franchiſes of the
" them is, and for all times to come ſhall be and 66 aforeſaid ſeveral late houſes or priories of the
e remain within the circuits, precincts, liberties, “ late friars, called the Black-Friars and the
« franchiſes, and juriſdi&tions of the ſame our “ White-Friars) in whatſoever aids, tallages,
“ city of London. And that all and ſingular grants, and other contributions whatſoever, to
« the inhabitants and dwellers within the ſame, " the ufe and ſervice of us, our heirs, and fuc-
or any of them, ſhall be, and every of them “ ceſſors, or to the uſe of the ſaid city, for main-
“ is, and for all time to come ſhall be and remain “ taining the ſtate, good, or benefit of the faid
under the rule, government, juriſdiction, city, howſoever to be aſſeſſed, ſhall reaſonably
overſight, ſearch, correction, puniſhments, pre-
«t be taxed and ſhall contribute. And the ſame
6 cepts, and arreſts of the ſaid mayor and com mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the
" monalcy, and citizens of our city of London és city aforeſaid, may and can levy the fame aids,
" aforeſaid, and their ſucceffors, and the ſheriffs " tallages, grants, and other contributions, (ex-
« of our city of London for the time being, cept before excepted) by their officers and mi-
66 and their officers and miniſters for ever, any “ niſters, by diſtreſs of the goods and chattels of
« liberties, franchiſes, privileges, exemptions, or “ ſuch perfons, who from time to time ſhall be
“ authority whatſoever, to che contrary notwith charged with the payments of ſuch aids, tal-
“ ſtanding. Provided nevertheleſs, and we will lages, grants, and other contributions, of any
« and ordain, that all perſons now inhabitants, “ of them, and ſo levied, they can and may have,
or who ſhall inhabit in time to come, within the " hold, and enjoy, to the uſe and behoof afore-
“ liberties and franchiſes aforeſaid, of the ſaid late " ſaid : provided nevertheleſs always, that ſuch
diſſolved priory called the Black-Friars, and the “ reſidents and dwellers in any houſes within the
“ late diffolved priory called the White-Friars, « aforeſaid city, who are not or will not be free-
" and the whole precinct, circuit and compaſs of men of the aforeſaid city, ſhall be taxed ſuch
" them, and all buildings therein built, and « aids, tallages, grants, and other contributions,
** from

216
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
CC
“ from time to time, only for the houſes in which
" they fhall inhabit or reſide, or are dwelling
“ within the ſame city of London, liberties or
precincts of the ſame, according to the cuſtom
“ of the ſaid city ſhall be affeſſed and taxed, and
no otherwiſe : provided alſo, that if any one,
or any of the ſaid inhabitants, reſidents, or
“ dwellers, who are not, or ſhall not be a free-
man, or freemen of the ſaid city, ſhall think
“ himſelf, by reaſon of the ſaid aids, tallages,
grants or contributions, unjuſtly grieved ; that
" then, and in ſuch caſes, the chancellor of Eng.
“ land of us, our heirs and ſucceffors, for the
“ time being, upon the complaint of any perſon
or perſons grieved, ſhall moderate and qualify
“ ſuch aids, tallages, grants and contributions,
as to him in that behalf ſhall be thought fit,
« which moderation ſhall ſtand and be of force.
" And furthermore we will, and by theſe pre-
« ſents, for us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, do grant
to the aforeſaid mayor and commonalty, and
citizens, and their ſucceſſors, that the mayor
s and recorder of the ſaid city which now are,
« and every mayor and recorder of the ſame city,
“ who hereafter for the time being ſhall be, as well
" thoſe aldermen of the ſaid city, as thoſe alder-
men who fhall for the time to come bear the
“ charge of mayorally of the ſame city, after
" that they have ceaſed, or removed from the
office of mayoralty of the ſame city, and ſo
long as they ſhall continue aldermen of our
city of London aforeſaid, for ever be, and Mall
“ be our juſtices, and of our heirs and ſucceſſors,
$6 and every one of them be, and ſhall be ju-
“ ftices and keepers of us, our heirs and ſuccef-
« fors, in and through ali and ſingular circuits,
“ precincts, liberties, franchiſes, and places afore-
" ſaid, commonly called Black-friars, the White-
“ friars, Duke’s-place, otherwiſe Creed-church-
“ ſtreet, Great St. Bartholomew's, Little St. Bar-
" tholomew's, and Cold Harburgh aforeſaid, and
every of them, and to keep, or cauſe to be
kept and executed, all ordinances and ſtatutes
$6 of this realm, made for the good of our peace,
«c and for the quiet rule and government of our
“ people, in all their articles, according to the
“ force, form and effect of the fame; and to
6 chaſtiſe and puniſh thoſe, who, contrary to the
« form and effect of thoſe ordinances and ſtatutes,
of them, within the limits, franchiſes,
“ and places aforefaid, are found to offend, as
ought to be done, according to the form of the
« faid ordinances and ſtatutes, and to make to
come before them, all thoſe who threaten any
“ of the people of us, our heirs or ſucceſſors,
" concerning their bodies, or burning their houles,
“ to find fufficient ſecurity of the peace or good
“ behaviour towards us, our heirs or ſucceſſors;
s6 and if they refuſe to find ſuch ſecurity, them
" to cauſe to be ſafely kept in priſon, until they
6 ſhall find ſuch ſecurity. And further we will
« and grant for us, our heirs and ſucceffors, that
as the mayor of the ſaid city for the time being,
66 and the recorder of the ſame now being, and
56 who for the time to come ſhall be, and every
" alderman as aforeſaid, who has been, or here-
" after ſhall be, mayor of the ſaid city, after
as they ſhall ceaſe to be amoved from the office of
mayoralty of the ſaid city, and ſo long as the
• aldermen of the faid city ſhall continue, or any
" four or more of the fame, mayor, recorder, and
" aldermen, (whereof the mayor and recorder of
" the ſame city for the time being we will to be
two) from henceforth for ever, may be juſtices
of us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, to enquire of
“ all and all manner of felonies, witchcrafts, in-
s chantments, forceries, magic art, treſpaſſes,
“ foreſtallers, regrators, ingroffers, and extor-
« tions whatſoever, and of all and fingular other
" miſdeeds, and offences, of which our juſtices
cs of the peace may and ought lawfully to en-
co quire, howſoever, or whereſoever done or com-
mitted, or which hereafter ſhall be done or
attempted, in the liberties, franchiſes, and
places aforeſaid ; and alſo of all other who
" within the ſaid franchiſes, liberties and places,
go or ride in aſſemblies, or armed force, againſt
“ our peace, and to the diſturbance of our peo-
“ ple; and alſo of thoſe who lie in wait to kill
our people, or hereafter ſhall preſume to lie in
« wait: and alſo of hoftlers, and all and ſingu-
C. lar other perſons who have offended or at-
tempted, or hereafter ſhall preſunie to offend
« or attempt, in abuſe of weights and meaſures,
s and in felling victuals, againſt the form of the
" ordinances and ſtatutes, or any of them, made
“ for the common profit of our kingdom and
6 people, and alſo to hear and determine alland
fingular the ſame felonies and miſdeeds, ac-
“cording to the laws and ſtatutes of our realm
" of England; and alſo to hear and determine,
“ do, execute, all and ſingular other thing or
« things which pertain, have pertained, or in
" time to come may pertain, to juſtices of the
peace within the ſaid city of London: ſo al-
“ ways, that the ſaid mayor, commonalty, and
“ citizens, and their ſucceſſors, may have and
« hold all and ſingular their ancient privileges
u free, whole, and unhurt; and that no other
keepers of the peace, or juſtices, or other offi-
- cers or miniſters, of us, our heirs or fucceffors
6 whatſoever, ſhall intermeddle in the fame, or
“ any of them. We will alſo, and by theſe pre-
“ fents, for us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, charge
" and command our ſheriffs of the ſaid city of
“ London for the time being, that from time to
s time they be affifting, aiding, attending and
« deviſing, as it behoveth to the faid mayor, re-
56 corder, and aldermen, and every or any of
" them, in execution of the premiſes, and ac-
“ cording to our true meaning herein expreſſed.
And further, we do hereby give and grant,
« for us, our heirs and fucceffors, to the faid
" mayor and commonalty, and citizens of our
" ſaid city of London, and their ſucceſſors, that
« the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens,
66 and their ſucceſſors for the time being, may
“ have and enjoy to their own proper uſe, with-
" out any account thereof to be rendered to us,
66 our heirs and ſucceſſors, all treaſure found or
to be found in the ſaid franchiſes and places,
(6 called Black-friars, White-friars, Duke's-place,
" Great St. Bartholomew's, Little St. Bartholo-
“ mew's, and Cold Harbour abovefaid, and
55 waved goods and chattels, and eſtrays, goods
" and chattels of felons, and fugitives, for what-
66 foever
66
or any

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
217
CC
ner
Cſoever felony done, or to be done by them, gilt armour, with a golden lion and chained uni-
within
any
the franchiſes or places, adjudged, corn couchant at his feet. On the top was a vane
or to be adjudged, before us, our heirs and fupported by a gilt ſphere; on each ſide of which
“ fucceſſors, or any the juſtices aforeſaid: and it ſtood a ſoldier, holding a bullet in his hand, on
& ſhall be lawful for the taid mayor and common-
the top of the upper battlements. The figure of
alty, and their ſucceffors, by their deputy or Fortune was placed on the weſt ſide ſtanding on
s miniſter, deputies or miniſters, of the ſaid city, a globe, with a proſperous fail ſpreading over her
« liberties, or ſuburbs of the ſame, to put them head; under which was carved the king's armś.
ſelves in ſeiſin and poſſeſſion of and in all man On the ſouth-ſide, ſomewhat lower; ſtood Peace,
of treaſure found, goods and chattels waited with a dove perched on one hand, and a gilded
" and eftrayed, goods and chattels of felons and wreath in the other: and on the north fide was
fugitives, from time to time, when they ſhall the emblem of Charity. Over the arch were
“ happen, by virtue of theſe our letters parents, genteel apartments allotted for one of the Lord-
" without any further warrant whatſoever. We mayor's carvers, to which they afcended by a pair
" will alſo and by theſe preſents grant, to the of Itairs from the poſtern on the ſouth ſide of the
" ſaid mayor and commonalcy, and citizens of gate. In the poſtern, on the north-ſide, was the
" the ſaid city of London, that they ſhall have watch-houſe for Aldgate ward. This beautiful
" theſe our laid letters-patent under the great building was taken down and totally demoliſhed
" ſeal of England, in due manner and ſealed, by virtue of a late act of parliament.
" without fine or fee, great or ſmall, to be ren In the year 1610 che proprietors of the fields
« dered, paid, or made to us in our hamper, or for two miles without the city walls, having re-
“ otherwile to us in any wiſe for the ſame, for ſtrained the exerciſe of archery by encloſing their
is that expreſs mention is made of the time, year grounds and deſtroying the old marks, eſpecially
ly value, or certainty of the premiſes, or any about Mile-end, his majeſty empowered commiſ-
" of them, or of any other gifts or grants made fioners to go upon thoſe places, and view and ſur-
" by us, or by our progenitors or predeceffors, vey ſuch grounds, next adjoining to the city and
“ to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens ſuburbs, within the compaſs of two miles, and the
<< of London, before their time, or any ſtatute, fame to reduce into ſuch order and ſtate for the
" ordinance, proviſion, proclamation, or reſtric archers as they were in the reign of Henry VIII.
" tion, to the contrary thereof heretofore made and to cauſe the hedges, banks, ditches and
or ordained, ſet forth or provided, or any other quickſets to be made plain and re-formed.
" thing, cauſe or matter whatſoever ; whereof. This year the Lord-mayor and citizens, ſuſpect-
" theſe our letters we have cauſed to be made ing that the great increaſe of inhabitants might
patent. Witneſs ourſelf at our honour of produce a famine, prepared for its dreadful con-
“ Hampton-Court, the 20th day of September, ſequences by erecting twelve new public graneries
" in the year of our reign of England, France, at Bridewell, large enough to contain fix thouſand
cc and Ireland, the ſixth ; and of Scotland the quarters of corn, which, in caſe of a ſcarcity, or
two and fortieth."
any combination by the dealers in that com-
modity, was to be ſold to the poor at prime
By this valuable charter, not only the ancient
t
coſt.
rights, liberties, and immunities of the citizens Mr. Thomas Sutton, a rich batchelor, pur-
are in the moſt ample manner confirmed, but chaſed this year of the earl of Suffolk, the reli-
likewiſe the precincts of Duke’s-place, St. Bar gious houſe of the Carthufian-monks, called the
tholomew's the Great and Leſs, Black and White Charter-houſe, for thirteen thouſand pounds, and
friars, and Cold Harbour, are added to the bounds in the year following obtained a patent for his in-
of the city and juriſdictions thereof.
tended charitable foundation, which, in 1628,
In the year 1609 his majeſty was pleaſed to of was confirmed by parliament. He endowed his
fer the citizens of London, the whole province of hoſpital and ſchool with fifteen manors, and ocher
Ulſter, in the kingdom of Ireland, on the con lands, to the value of four thouſand four hundred
dition that they would engage to ſettle an Engliſh and ninety pounds per annum and upwards, which
colony therein; which offer being accepted of, now goes at fix chouſand pounds a year, for the
the common-council paſſed an act to raiſe twenty maintenance of eighty penſioners, who are to be
thouſand pounds for carrying the deſign into exe. provided with handſome apartnients, and all ne-
cution ; and a committee was appointed of fix ceſſaries of life, except cloaths, inſtead of which
aldermen and eighteen commoners to be annually each is allowed a gown and ſeven pounds per an-
choſen for the government thereof.
num. Theſe muſt be decayed gentlemen, mer-
The late proclamation againſt the increaſe of chants or ſoldiers. Forty four-boys lodged and
new buildings in and about London not having boarded, and inſtructed in claſſical learning: twen-
its intended effect, and his majeſty being appre ty nine ftudents at the univerſities, who have each
henſive that it might in time bring the plague to an allowance, for eight years, of twenty pounds
Whitehall, he, by the advice of his council again per annum. The governors have the patronage
ſtrictly prohibited the erecting buildings on new of nine eccleſiaſtical benefices, and they are
foundations within two miles of the city, on the obliged to give the preference to ſuch as are edu-
penalty of having then demoliſhed.
cated in the Charter-houſe. There is a maſter
This year Aldgate, which had been taken down and uſher, a preacher, and fonie perſon of great
in 1606, owing to its ruinous condition, was com reputation for his learning to be maſter of the
pletely finiſhed. In a large ſquare on the eaſt houſe, all of whom are choſen by the governors,
front was placed the ſtatue of king James I. In who likewiſe admit the penſioners and boys:
19
Iii
the

218
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
the latter of which, on being put out to trades,
have forty pounds given with each of them.
In the year 1611, Sir Baptiſt Hicks, one
of the juſtices of peace in Middleſex, built a
fefſions-houſe in St. John's-ſtreet for the better
accommodation of the juſtices, who, before this
time, uſed to tranſact their buſineſs in the Caſtle-
Inn. The juſtices gave it the name of Hicks's-
hall, which it has retained from that day to
this.
In the following year Frederick the Elector Pa-
latine arrived in London, and was eſpouſed to
princeſs Elizabeth, only daughter to king James I.
from whom is deſcended the houſe of Hanover.
On the wedding day the city preſented the elec-
toral bride with a necklace of oriental pearl of
above two thouſand pounds value. Soon after
the prince palatine honoured the Lord-mayor with
his company to dinner at Guildhall ; and receiv-
ed from his lordſhip, in the name of the citizens,
a very large baſon and ewer, and two large pots
or flagons of filver richly gilt.
The citizens having been dilatory in ſettling
the province of Ulſter in Ireland, lately con-
ferred on them by royal favour, were ſeverely
reprimanded by his majeſty. In conſequence of
which the common-council came to a reſolution to
ſend a deputation from their body to fuperintend
the work of plantation, and to compleat the eſta-
bliſhment of that colony. Accordingly they de-
puted an alderman and a commoner, and the go-
vernor and committee of direction added to them
three gentlemen of great abilities and experience,
as their aſſiſtants; and by their united endeavours
it was ſoon ſettled on the beſt foundation; not only
to the ſatisfaction of his majeſty, but to the
honour and intereſt of this great city,
CHAPTER XXXIII.
New River cut by Sir Hugh Middleton. Smithfield paved. Muſter of the city militia. King'
James I's third charter granting the meaſuring of coals. Rebuilding of Alderſgate. Book of
Sports rejected. The king's carriages ſtopped by the Lord-mayor on a Sunday. Sir Walter
Raleigh bebeaded at Weſtminſter. Foundation of Dulwich college. The king goes to St.
Paul's Cathedral. The citizens aſſault the Spaniſh ambaſſador, for which they are ſeverely
reprimanded by the king. Fatal veſpers. Acceſſion of Charles I. Great plague. King de-
mands one hundred thouſand pounds of the citizens, but is refuſed. Refentment of the court
on this occaſion. Murder of Dr. Lamb. Privy-council commands enquiry to be made, and
the offenders to be puniſhed. City fined fix thouſand pounds. Riot in Fleet-ſtreet. One of
the rioters executed. Axt of common-council againſt ſelling proviſons in the ſtreets. A grand
maſque. King's writ for ſhip money. The clergy's petition for increaſe of tythes.
I
water.
N the year 1613 Sir Hugh Middleton finiſh Hertfordſhire, to a bafon or reſervoir near Ininge
ed that moſt uſeful and expenſive ſcheme of ton. He began this great undertaking on the
ſupplying this city with fweet and wholeſome 2oth of February 1608, and with great difficulty,
art, induſtry, and expence (which is ſaid to have
By virtue of an act of parliament paffed in the been not leſs than five hundred thouſand pounds,
reign of queen Elizabeth, and another in that of with the affittance of king James and the mayor
king James I. granting powers to cut and convey and commonalty of London) cut a trench in ſome
a river from any part of Middleſex or Hertford places full thirty feet deep, through ouzy, muddy,
ſhire, to ſupply the city of London with water, ſtiff, craggy, and ſtony ground, and with ſo many
Sir Hugh undertook, after it had been attempted windings to find out a proper current, that, from
by ſeveral others without ſucceſs, to bring ſuch a the fountain to the reſervoir, it meaſured thirty-
river from Chadwell and Amwell, near Ware, in eight miles, three quarters, and fix poles. So
far
* This river, in its preſent ſituation, has forty-three fluices
and two hundred and fifteen bridges in and over it, and is
carried over two vales in wooden frames or troughs lined
with lead ; one at Buſhill, fix hundred and fixty feet in length,
and thirty feet high, under which is an arch to receive the
land-waters, and large enough for the paſſage of any cart or
waggon laden with hay or ſtraw; the other is a little to the
northward of Highbury, and is in length four hundred and
fixty-two feet, and ſeventeen feet high: and over and under
the ſame river a great number of brooks, rills, and water-
courſes, have their paſſage ; beſides many conſiderable cur-
rents of land waters. This river is conducted, in other
places, through ſubterraneous paſſages ; and its head or re-
ſervoir at Iſlington fills fifty eight main pipes of ſeven inch
bore, (beſides thoſe added to ſerve the liberties of Weſtmin.
ſter) by which the water is conveyed into the ſeveral ſtreets,
lanes, alleys, courts, &c. of London and its ſuburbs, and to
the nothern liberties of Weſtminſter, and parts adjacent,
to the great convenience and uſe of the inhabitants.
After Sir Hugh had ſpent his whole fortune in the execu-
tion of this noble work, he was not only obliged to part
with a moiety of the profits for a ſum of money advanced
by the king, and to ſell many other ſhares, but in the end.
was entirely ruined by a proje&t which had turned out of
fuch ineſtimable value to the city of London. At that time
fo little did the people underſtand the advantages that might
be made of this river, that for upwards of thirty years the
proprietors did not divide above five pounds to each of the
feventy-two ſhares into which the property was divided ; ſo
great a difference is there between that time and this, that
the

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
219
cc
66
66
૮૮
6€
66
far did Sir Hugh accompliſh this great work as co the contrary, have had and lawfully exerciſed
the bringing it to the intended reſervoir; but the " the office of meaſuring all coals, of what kind
water was not admitted into it till Michaelmas or fort foever, in any port of the ſame city,
day in the above year: on which occaſion Sir “ coming, brought, or carried upon the water
Thomas Middleton, his brother and Lord-inayor “ of Thames, in any ſhip, boat, barge, or other
elect, accompanied by Sir John Swinierton the “ vefſel whatſoever, floating or being upon what
mayor, many aldermen, and other gentlemen re part foever of the ſaid water of Thames, or
paired, in folemn cavalcade, to the place called on what bank, fhore, or wharf ſoever, of the
New-River-head. On their arrival there, fixty “ fame water of Thames, from the bridge in the
labourers, handſomely dreſſed with green caps, town of Scaines in the county of Middleſex,
marched with pickaxes, ſhovels and ſpades three " and to the bridge of London, and from thence
times round the baſon, preceded by drums and to a certain place called Yendall, or Yenland,
trumpets, who ſtopped before the Lord-mayor, or Yenleer, towards the ſea, and eatt, and alſo
&c. ſeated on an eminence, one of whom ad s in Medway, in the port of the city of Lon-
dreſſed them in a long copy of verſes adapted to “ don : Nevertheleſs a queſtion is riſen, whether
the occaſion. This being ended, the Nuices were " the weighing of coals, brought within the li-
opened, and the ſtream ran plentiſully into the “ mits aforeſaid, together with the meaſuring of
reſervoir, under the found of drums and trum “ coals, doth belong to the mayor, common-
pets, the diſcharge of cannon, and loud acclama " alty, and citizens of the ſaid city. We there-
tions of the beholders.
“ fore, to take away all controverlies in this part,
In the year 1614 Smithfield, the public mar as well for the preſent as for the time to come,
ket-place for cattle, having become ſo ruinous " and to remove all doubt, and to the intent the
that it was almoſt impaſſable, his majeſty, to pre " ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the
vent the dangerous conſequences attending the “ faid city may uſe, have and enjoy, as well the
fame, enjoined the citizens to pave it at their own có weighing as meaſuring, as each and the wages,
expence: to which they readily complying, it “ rewards, fees, and profits uſed for the fame,
was ſet about and finiſhed within fix months, at " of our eſpecial grace, have given, granted, and
the expence of ſixteen hundred pounds.
" confirmed, and by theſe preſents, for us, and
This year his majeſty having appointed a gene our heirs, and ſucceſſors, do give, grant, and
ral muſter of the militia. throughout the king - confirm, to our beloved the mayor and com-
dom, the city of London muſtered fix thouſand monalty, and citizens of our faid city of Lon-
citizens completely armed, who performed their don, and to their ſucceſſors, the weighing of
evolutions with ſuch dexterity as gained them « all coals, called ſtone-coals, pit-coals, earth-
univerſal applauſe. The martial ſpirit of the ci “ coals, and all other coals weighable, of what
tizens was ſo great, that the children endeavoured “ kind or fort foever, in or at the ſaid port of
to imitate their parents : they choſe themſelves " London, coming or brought up the faid wa-
officers, formed themſelves into companies, often « ter of Thames, in any ſhip, boat, barge,
marched into the fields with colours flying and or other veſſel whatſoever, floating or being in
drums beating, where, by frequent practice, they any part of the ſame water of Thames : and
became very expert in military exerciſes.
upon whatfoever bank, ſhore, or wharf of the
About this time, the citizens being greatly faid water of Thames, from the ſaid bridge of
diſtreſſed by monopolizers, regrators, and fore " Staines to the ſaid river of London, and from
ſtallers in coals, his majeſty, to redreſs their " thence to the faid place called Yendall, towards
grievances, granted them the following charter : " the ſea; and alſo in Medway, and in the port
“ of London, to be ſold or put to ſale ; and al-
" James, by the grace of God, king of Eng " ſo all fees, wages, rewards, profits, and ad-
6 land, Scotland, France, and Ireland, defender of vantages uſed, or to that belonging or any wiſe
" the faith, &c. to all to whom theſe preſent let appertaining : to be exerciſed by the mayor of
ters ſhall come, greeting. So great is the force " the ſaid city for the time being, and by the
« of our love towards our city of London, our deputies, officers, and the miniſters of the faid
royal chamber, as whatſoever is in us, that we u mayor. And further, we do hereby, for us,
« ſhall ſee neceſſary and profitable to the mayor, “ our heirs, and ſucceſſors, give, grant, and con-
commonalty, and citizens of our city of Lon “ firm to the faid mayor and commonalty, and
« don, that we have been ready freely to give • citizens of the faid city, and their ſucceſſors,
66 from our ſoul to the ſaid mayor, commonalty, " that they for ever have and enjoy the office of
« and citizens of our faid city : and it pleaſes us weighing all coals, called ſtone-coals, pit-
“ well, that all grants made by our predeceſſors “ coals, earth-coals, and all other coals weigh-
« in times paſt to our city of London be not " able, of what kind or fort foever, at the port
“ only confirmed but alſo enlarged : therefore, “ of the ſaid city of London, coming or brought
" whereas amongſt other things it appears, that, upon the ſaid water of Thames in any ſhip,
« amongſt other things, the ſaid mayor and com « boat, barge, or other veffel whatſoever, foat-
« monalty, and citizens of London, from all " ing or being in any part of the faid water of
6 time whereof the memory of man is not to " Thames, or upon any bank, fhore, or wharf
66
66
66
the preſent value of each ſhare is eſtimated at eight thouſand
pounds. The direction is incorporated in a governor, de-
puty governor, treaſurer, and cwenty fix directors, who are
always choſen out of the proprietors of the firft thirty fix
ſhares ; for although the moiety of the crown is in private
hands, they have no ſhare in conducting it.
of

220
r HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
.
“ of the fame, from the ſaid bridge of Staines “ceſſors, firmly enjoin and charge all merchants,
to the ſaid bridge of London, from thence to " and other perſons, whatſoever, who ſhall bring
“ the ſaid place called Yendall, towards the ſea; coals called ſea-coal, pit-coals, of what kind or
" and alſo in Medway, and in the port of Lon fort foever, the fame ſhall be within the limits
“ don aforeſaid, to be ſold or ſet to fale ; and aforeſaid, upon the water of Thames aforeſaid,
" alſo all fees, wages, profits, rewards, and ad in any ſhip, boat, or veſſel whatſoever; that
vantages whatſoever uſed, or to the ſame office
none of them fhall henceforth unlade, deliver,
belonging, or in any way appertaining, to be or lay down, nor cauſe or permit ſuch like coals
exercited by the mayor of the ſame city for the to be unladen, delivered, or laid down out of
“ time being, and by the deputies, officers, and ſuch ſhips, boats or other veſſels, being within
" miniſters of the ſaid mayor.
the limits and bounds aforeſaid, upon any wharf,
“ And we have alſo conſtituted, and by theſe bank or ſhore, upon either part of the ſaid
preſents, for us, our heirs, and ſucceffors, do
water of Thames, or to be diſcharged or laid
"s conſtitute and ordain, create and make, the ſaid “ down before the mayor of our ſaid city for the
mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the time being, ſhall take certain notice of the quan-
“ faid city of London, and their ſucceſſors, by the tity of ſuch coals, and ſhall give direction for
mayor of the ſame city for the time being, the unlading of the ſame, and for the meaſuring
“ during the time of his mayoralty, or by his or weighing of ſuch coals, to the intent that
“ deputies, officers, or miniſters, to be weigher " the ſame mayor of the ſaid city, for the time
“ of all and fingular coals, called ſtone-coals, being, may be able to render a better and more
" pit coals, earth-coals, and all other coals weigh ready reaſon and account to us, our heirs, and
:« able of what kind foever, in or at the port ſucceſſors, what quantity of coals, of what ſort
" of the ſaid city of London, coming, carried, or ſoever, from time to time, have been brought
brought upon the ſame river of Thames, in any " within the port of our faid city and limits afore-
“ fhip, boat, or barge, or other veſſel whatſoever, ſaid, and how the ſaid city, and the ports and
6. floating or being in any port of the ſaid water places next adjoining, are from time to time
of Thames; and upon any bank, ſhore or wharf provided, when we, our heirs, and ſucceſſors,
s of the ſame water of Thames, which ſhall hap “ Thall require the ſame from the mayor of our
pen to ſtay, be delivered, or laid down from the “ faid city for the time being: and alſo to the
“ faid bridge of Staines, to the aforeſaid place, “ intent that the ſums and other profits due to us,
“ called Yendall, towards the fea; and alſo in our heirs and ſucceſſors, for ſuch coals, ſo to
Medway, and in the port of London aforeſaid, “ be brought within the limits aforeſaid (if there
“ to be ſold or put to ſale. And whereas there “ fhall be any due) may be better anſwered and
6 is a queſtion riſen of the quantity of the fee paid into the offices and miniſters of us, our
“ demanded and received by the mayor of the " heirs, and fucceffors, under pain of contempo
“ faid city for the time being, and by their de of our royal mandate, and incuring all ſuch
puties, miniſters, and officers, for the weighing pains and puniſhments which by the laws and
“ of every tun weight of coals, containing five “ ſtatutes of this realm of England may be indicted
« ſcore and twelve pounds weight to every tun upon ſuch neglecters and contemners. And
as weight of coals, brought within the limits afore " whereas it is notoriouſly known, that the river
" ſaid: we wholly to take away every the ſaid “ of Thames is ſo neceſſary, commodious, and
" queſtion, and the like queftion, do declare, e practicable to the ſaid city of London, and with-
ftabliſh, and for us, cur heirs, and ſucceſſors, out the ſaid river our ſaid city would not long
“ do grant to the faid mayor and commonalty, " ſubliſt, flouriſh, and continue: and for that,
« and citizens of the ſaid city, and their ſucceſſors, " by foreſtalling, ingrofling and regrating of
56 that it ſhall be lawful for the mayor, common " coals, in and at the port of the ſaid city, brought
alty, and citizens of the ſaid city for the time from the water of Thames aforeſaid, ſuch coals
being, by the mayor of the ſame city, and by are made more dear, to the great loſs and pre-
" the deputy, miniſter, and officers of ſuch mayor judice as well of us as of our ſubjects. And
" for the time being, to aſk and demand, take whereas divers ill-diſpoſed perſons, more affect-
" and receive, a fee of 8d. of lawful money of ing their own private gains and profits than the
“ England, to the uſe of the ſaid mayor and com general and public good and benefit of our ſaid
"nionalty, and citizens of the ſaid city, and their city, little weighing
the conſervation of the ſaid
“ ſucceſſors, for the weighing of every ſuch like river of late, and at preſent do daily and uſually
" tun of coals aforeſaid, and all other coals weigh “ fell coals, and other things by retail, in leſs
« able of what kind ſoever; and according to quantities in boats, commonly called lighters,
" the ſame rate for a ſmaller quantity, if the per “ and other veſſels floating and being on the water
“ ſon bringing ſuch like coals for and in reſpect " of Thames aforeſaid, after ſuch coals have been
of the charge and coſts of them, the ſaid mayor, “ unladen from the ſhips and other veſſels which
“ commonalcy, and citizens of the ſaid city of firſt brought them within the limits aforeſaid,
" London, and their ſucceſſors, in the beam and “ which perſons make the ſame boats or lighrers
“ weights, and for and in reſpect of their attend as their common ſhops and warehouſes, and in
ance, labour, and neceſſary coſts and expences, “ them do daily hold, upon the ſaid water of
“ to be had in and about the premiſes; which fee Thames, a common market for ſelling of ſuch
« of 8d. aforeſaid the ſaid mayor and common “ coals, and other things, having one, two, three,
“ alty, and citizens of the ſaid city, had and re " and ſometimes more boats and lighters lying
“ ceived formerly. And alſo we command, and together, and faſtened one to another, in the
s by theſe preſents, for us, our heirs, and ſuc « river of Thames aforeſaid, by which foreſtalling,
ingrofiling
66
C6
CC
66
CC
(
(6

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
221
36
66
ingroſſing, and regrating aforeſaid, to the great In the year 1615, the citizens of London be-
« couſenage, damage, and oppreſſion, as well of gan paving the ſides of the principal ſtreets be-
as the poor as of the rich, daily increaſes and aug fore their doors with free-ſtone for the better ac=
"ments, and the price of coals and other things commodation of foot paſſengers.
" is made dearer. And for that, by the frequent This year Sir Thomas Overbury was poiſoned
importation, unlading, and meaſuring of ſuch in the Tower, for which the earl of Somerſet and
16 coals, and ſuch like things, in and from the ſaid his lady were condemned, but afterwards par-
6 boats and lighters, many of the ſame coals and doned ; and Sir Gervaſe Elwes, then lieutenant
Co other dirt often fall, and are caſt into the river of the Tower, and ſome others, whơ were the
6c of Thames, to the great harm and choaking up meaner inſtruments made uſe of in that murder;
" the ſtream of the ſame river, and the paſſage were executed.
« of the paſſengers upon the water of the fame In the year 1616, the plantation of Ulſter in
" river: we therefore thinking it fit that ſuch an Ireland, went on with ſuch ſucceſs, that two
“ evil ought not to be permitted to continue, we good towns were colonized by the names of Lon-
56 command, and for us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors, donderry and Colerain. His majeſty was pleaſed
e prohibit all perſons whatſoever, that they, nor to diſtinguiſh the firſt by forming it into a city,
any of them, from henceforth fell, or preſume the latter he made a mayor-town. Soon after,
to ſell, any coals, of what kind ſoever, upon by a ſpecial commiſſion from the king and the city
" the water of Thames, in any boat, lighter, or of London, Sir Peter Proby, alderman of London,
as cther veſſel whatſoever, exceptonly in ſuch ſhips and governor of the faid colony, attended by many
" or other veſſels which at firſt brought the fame capital citizens, went over to Ireland, and pre-
« coals within the port of the ſaid city, and the fented each of the above-mentioned towns with
66 limits aboveſaid, unleſs upon ſome port, key, a rich ſword of ſtate to be carried before their
or wharf, near the ſaid river, upon pain of con chief magiſtrates.
" tempt of our royal mandate, and incurring ſuch This
year
the citizens of London rebuilt Ali
pains and puniſhments which may be indicted | derfgate. Over the arch, in a large ſquare, was
« by the laws and ſtatutes of this our kingdom the figure of king James I. on horſeback, in the
upon ſuch contemners and neglecters. And ſame attitude as when he made his firſt entry into
66 becauſe it is our intent, that the ſame mayor London. Over his head were quartered the arms
" and commonalty, and citizens of the ſaid city, of England, Scotland, and Ireland. In a niche,
" and their ſucceffors, ſhall fully enjoy the pre on the eaſt ſide, ftood the prophet Jeremiah,
66 miſes; we therefore by theſe preſents declare with the words of the twenty-fifth verſe of the
" and ſignify, for us, our, heirs, and ſucceffors, 17th chapter of his book; and on the weſt fide
s do grant and covenant to and with the ſaid ſtood the prophet Samuel, with the firſt verſe of
mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the ſaid the 12th chapter of i Sam. In a chair of ſtates
« city, and their ſucceſſors, that they may fafely, on the ſouth ſide; fat king James I. in his royal
« freely, and quietly have, uſe, and enjoy all and robes, done in relief. Over the gate were apart-
«« ſingular the premiſes for ever, without hindrance ments appropriated to the uſe of the common
166 of us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors. And if any crier ; the way to which was from the poſtern on
« doubt, in time to come, ſhall be found in theſe the eaſt fide : and on the weſt ſide was another
“ preſents, or any default
, ſcruple, or queſtion poſtern for the convenience of foot paſſengers.
“ concerning the premiſes ſhall happen to ariſe, This gate ſhared the common fate with others,
we, our heirs, and ſucceſſors, ſhall vouchſafe and was entirely taken down.
« to make and grant other letters patents under In the month of September this year, king
" the great ſeal of England, our heirs, or ſucceſ James returned from Scotland by way of Wind-
« fors, to the fame mayor and commonalty, and ſor; and was received at Hyde-Park by the Lorda
« citizens of the ſaid city, and their ſucceſſors, for mayor, aldermen, &c. in their formalities, who
" the better giving, granting, and confirming, || preſented his majeſty with a purſe containing five
" and for the better enjoining of the premiſes, hundred broad pieces of gold; for which com-
« when it ſhall be deſired by the faid mayor pliment the honour of knighthood was conferred
" and conmonalty, and citizens of the faid on the recorder of London.
as city, and their ſucceſſors, for that the ex In the year 1617 his majeſty, at the interceſſion
preſs mention of the true yearly value, or of of many biſhops, cauſed certain rules to be pub-
«c the certainty of the premiſes, or of other gifts liſhed under the title of the Book of Sports, by
« and grants, by us, or by any of our anceſtors, which the people were tolerated to exerciſe recre-
" made in times paſt, to the ſaid mayor and com ations and diverſions on the Sabbath-day. The
monalty, and citizens of the ſaid city, is not Lord-mayor and citizens, together with many of
.66 made, or being in theſe preſents, or any other the clergy ſo far oppoſed it, that they incurred the
** ftatute, act
, ordinance, proclamation, or re- reſentment of the high-commiſſion court. Not-
“ ſtriction, to the contrary heretofore made, or withſtanding which the Lord-mayor perſevered
“ dained, or publiſhed, or any other matter or ſo ſtrongly in ſhewing his contempt at ſuch an
thing whatſoever in any wiſe notwithſtanding. unchriftian licence, that he even cauſed the king's
« In witneſs whereof we have cauſed theſe ourlet carriages to be ſtopped as they were driving
us ters to be made patents. Witneſs myſelf at through the city in the time of divine ſervice.
4. Weſtminſter, the fifteenth day of September, The matter being related to his majeſly with the
u in the twelfth year of our reign of England, moſt aggravating circumſtances, he ſwore, in a
“ France, and Ireland, and of Scotland the forty great rage, “ He thought there had been no
eighth."
more kings in England chan himſelf.” After
19
K k k
the

222
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
the heat of his paſſion had ſubſided, he ſent a of the chief nobility, came in great ftate from
warrant to the mayor, commanding him to let Whitehall to the city, on ſunday the 26th of
them paſs; which he obeyed, with this declara March. At Temple-bar he was received by the
tion: “ While it was in my power, I did my Lord-mayor, aldermen, and ſheriffs, in their
“ duty; but that being taken away by a higher formalities, who preſented him with the city
power, it is my duty to obey." Which being ſword, and a purſe of gold; the former of which
told the king, he was highly pleaſed at the conduct being returned, it was carried by the mayor on
of the mayor.
horſeback before his majeſty, to St. Paul's Ca-
The following year Sir Walter Raleigh was thedral; when the king, alighting at the weſt door,
beheaded on a ſcaffold erected for that purpoſe, repaired to a brazen pillar, and, kneeling down
in palace-yard, Weſtminſter. In the year 1603 before it, invoked the Almighty to give a bleſſing
he was arainged and condemned, but kept pri on his preſent deſign. After which, an anthem
foner in the Tower (where he wrote his hiſtory of being ſung, he repaired to St. Paul's croſs, where
the world) till the year 1617, when he was allowed he heard a ſermon, and then proceeded to the bi-
by king James I. at his own requeſt, to fetch Thop of London's palace to concerc meaſures for
gold from a certain mine in Guiana in the Weſt the more effectual execution of this great and
Indies, wherein he miſcarried. Soon after which | good work.
king James affirmed the ſentence which had been This year his majeſty being in great want of
before paſſed on him, and, after fifteen years re money applied to the citizens for twenty thouſand
prieve, he was executed to the great unhappineſs pounds to be raiſed by way of benevolence; but
of the public in general, who thought it hard they would advance no more than half that ſum,
that ſuch a puniſhment ſhould be inflicted on a which was raiſed by the ſeveral companies,
man of his uncommon abilities.
The following year the Londoners were ſo ex-
In the year 1619 Mr. William Alleyn, a very aſperated at the influence which Gondomar the
principal comedian, retired from the ſtage, and Spaniſh ambaſſador had over the king, that they
founded a college by the name of God's gift, at affaulced him in the public ſtreets. At which his
Dulwich ; which he endowed very plenteouſly for majeſty was ſo enraged, that he came in perſon
a maſter and warden, who muſt be always of the to Guildhall, and not only reprimanded the Lord-
name of Alleyn; and four fellows, viz. three di mayor and the other city magiſtrates for the info-
vines and an organiſt; likewiſe for fix poor men lence of the populace, but threatened to reſtrain
and women. Alſo twelve poor boys from the age them by a military power in caſe of ſuch offence
of four or fix years, are maintained and educated for the future. He likewiſe commanded diligent
by one of the fellows as ſchoolmaſter, and by | enquiry to be made after the aggreſſors; and one
another as uſher, till they are fourteen or ſixteen perſon, though no otherwiſe guilty than reflecting
years of age. Mr. Alleyn himſelf became the firſt on the ſaid ambaſſador, was, by order of the king,
maſter; and, in his original endowment he ex cruelly whipped the next day from Aldgate to
cluded all other benefačtions to this foundation ; | Temple-bar.
and conſtituted the church-wardens of St. Bo In the year 1623, on the 24th of October, a
tolph's Biſhopſgate, St. Giles's Cripplegate, and very melancholy accident happened in the French
St. Saviour's Southwark, to be perpetual viſitors, ambaſſadors houſe in Black-friars, where one
who, on occaſion, were to appeal to the archbi Drury, a jefuit, preaching in a large upper room
ſhop of Canterbury, before whom, at their ad three ſtories high, to a congregation of 300 peo-
miſſion, all members were to be ſworn. Though || ple, and upwards, the floor gave way, and, fal-
the viſitors are the electors, yet they have no far. || ling downwards, the preacher and above a hun-
ther power than to nominate two out of the num dred of his hearers were killed, and near the ſame
ber of candidates who ſhall apply for admiſſion; number miſerably wounded, maimed or buried
which two muſt draw lots, and that party is en in the ruins.
titled to the election who draws the lot marked The following year his majeſty iſſued out war-
God's gift. The maſter and warden muſt remain rants for the immediate railing of ten thouſand
unmarried or be excluded the college; and on men for the elector palatine his ſon-in-law, and
the death of the maſter he is always fucceeded by for the ſupport of the proteſtant intereſt in Ger-
the warden. Mr. William Alleyn likewiſe founded many. The citizens on this occaſion, to fhew
and endowed alms-houſes for ten poor men and their great zeal for the intereſt of their prince,
women, with forty ſhillings a year each, and coats readily raiſed two-thouſand men towards that pur-
and breeches for the men, and gowns and petti- | poſe.
coats for the women, every other year, in Petty In the beginning of the year 1625 his majeſty
France; which place being afterwards improved being ſeized with a tertian ague, the violence of
by new buildings, the alms-houſes were removed the fits was ſo great, that he expired at Theo-
to Lamb's-alley, in Biſhopſgate-ſtreet. He like bald's, in Hertfordſhire, in the fifty-ninth year
wiſe founded ten other houſes for men and women, of his age, after having ſwayed the ſcepter of
who receive fix-pence per week each, and coats England twenty-two years, and that of Scotland
and gowns every other year in Peſthouſe-lane, even from his infancy.
Old-ſtreet: and likewiſe other houſes for ten poor In the above reign the manufacture of whited.
men and women, with fix-pence per week each, brown paper was firſt made in England, particu-
in Soap-yard, Deadman's place, Southwark. larly in Surry and about Windſor.
In the
year
1620 a determination having been On the demiſe of king James, the privy-coun-
formed of repairing St. Paul's Cathedral; his ma cil, accompanied by the Lord-mayor and alder-
jeſty, attended by the prince of Wales, and many men, repaired to Ludgate, whither his majeſty
king,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
223
ewer.
king Charles I. arriving on horſeback, he was The reſentment of the miniſtry did not reſt
there proclaimed, as well as at all other places in here. Derermined to raiſe money at all events,
the city, with the uſual ſolemnities, and the they arbitrarily ſeized and impriſoned many per-
greateſt acclamations of joy from the populace. fons of diſtinction who oppoſed the loan; among
The citizens were obliged to lay aſide the in whom was twenty principal citizens : and the
tended ſolemn reception of the king's entry into lower claſs of people were forced into the ſervice
London, by a circumſtance which predicted of his majeſty either by ſea or land.
thoſe miſeries which were afterwards felt both by The citizens were ſo alarmed at theſe arbitrary
the king and nation : for at this time the plague | proceedings, that they grew more reſolute as they
raged fo violently both in the city and ſuburbs, found themſelves more oppreſſed ; and to ſuch an
that in one year it carried off thirty-five thouſand iſſue was matters brought, that the parties impri-
four hundred and ſeventy people, beſides upwards ſoned on account of the loan, were, by order of
of eighteen thouſand, who died of other diſtem council, releaſed; and the Lord-mayor was order-
pers.
ed to proceed moderately in his demands of the
On account of this dreadful calamity the coro citizens within his juriſdiction.
nation was poſtponed to the ſecond day of Fe In the year 1628 one Dr. Lamb (who was not
bruary; at which the Lord-mayor carried the short only hated by the populace for being a creature of
fceptre, and, after diſcharging his office as chief the duke of Buckingham, the king's favourite,
butler, received the uſual fee of a golden cup and but likewiſe a reputed conjuror) being found in
the city, was attacked firſt by a few boys, and ſoon
In the year 1626, in the month of June, there after by a great multitude, who purſued him down
happened ſo violent a ſtorm of hail, rain, and wind, Woodſtreer, crying out “ Conjuror, vizard, de-
attended by thunder and lightning, that the vil;" and ſeizing him bodily, they dragged him
church-yard walls of St. Andrew's Holbourn, along the ſtreet, kicking and thumping him with
and St. Botolph's Biſhopſgate, were entirely blown their feet and fiſts. His majeſty having been in-
down, and many corps who had died of the plague formed of the tumult arrived juſt time enough
were expoſed to public view.
with his body guard to ſave the doctor's life :
This is the year from which may be dated the he remonſtrated with the citizens on their con-
misfortunes of king Charles I. A war between duct, mildly exhorted them to keep the public
England and France ſubſiſting at this time, and peace, and to deliver up the doctor to be tried
his majeſty not being able to obtain aſſiſtance from by the laws of his country, aſſuring them, that
the parliament, applied to the citizens for the ſum whatever offence the law ſhould find him guilty
of one hundred thouſand pounds, but to his great of he ſhould be ſeverely puniſhed. This was fa
mortification they rejected his demand. This ſo far from having any effect on the enraged po-
inflamed the king's miniſtry, who looked on the pulace, that they only anſwered, “ they had
people as llaves, and their property at the diſpo “ judged him already;" and then pulling him
ſal of their ſovereign, that they prevailed on his inhumanly by his legs and arms, they fo diſ-
majeſty peremptorily to demand the above ſum. located his joints, and otherwiſe beat him, that
The citizens, however, evaded the demand as mo he inſtantly died.
deſtly as they could before the privy-council, who, His majeſty finding himſelf unable to chaſtiſe
looking on their excuſes as frivolous and inſignifi-| ſuch infolence, immediately returned to his pa-
cant, a poſitive command was ſent to the mayor lace: ſoon after which the privy-council fent 2
and aldermen, either to comply, or riſque the letter to the Lord-mayor, aldermen and ſheriffs,
conſequences of an obſtinate refuſal. The citi commanding them to make ſtrict enquiry for the
zens were inflexible in their determination, nor principal actors and abbettors, and to bring them
would they liſten either to remonſtrances or to puniſhment: but ſo little regard did the Lord-
threats.
mayor and aldermen pay to this order of council,
Soon after this his majeſty commanded them to that they reported they were not able to diſcover
fit out immediately twenty of the beſt ſhips in any of the ſaid rioters. They were thereupon
the river, well manned, and ſtored with ammu commanded to attend the privy-council, where
nition and proviſions for three months. On which they were threatened, that if they did not deliver
the lord mayor and aldermen pretending their in up the principal actors in the late murder, their
ability to comply with this requeſt, begged that charter ſhould be confiſcated. Their reſolution
his majeſty would be pleaſed to accept of half that was ſo great to ſcreen the parties ſought after, that
number. But they were anſwered, “ that the they gave no other anſwer, than that they could
“ number demanded were neceſſary for the pre not be found. At which the king was fo offended
6 fervation of the ſtate, and that the charge im that he amerced the city in a fine of fix thouſand
s poſed did not exceed the value of ſome (one) pounds, but, on the commitment of ſeveral
6c of their eſtates : that all excuſes on that oc rioters afterwards, this fine was mitigated to
« caſion were to be rejected, as tending to the fifteen hundred marks.
« manifeſt danger of the public: and that as the The following year the miniſtry adopted another
" ſaid demand was not only directed to the gene expedient to raiſe money without parliamentary
s6 rality of the city, but likewiſe to the ſeveral authority; which was to impoſe new duties on
« members, his majeſty would therefore require merchandize by order of privy-council only; and
an account of every citizen in particular." In thoſe who had reſolution to oppoſe the faid
conſequence of this anſwer the citizens were order had their effects arbitrarily ſeized on, and
obliged to fit out the twenty ſhips above de others, by command of the king, were come
manded.
mitted to priſon,
Abouc

224
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
56
66
About this time an order was made by the ji Holbourn, and proceeded under the royal in
privy-council to confine the ſouth-fide of Cheap-fpection to Whitehall
, where their majeſties
lide from the Old-change to Buckleríbury, then viewed them with great pleaſure from a win-
called Goldſmith's-row, and Lombard-ſtreet, to dow of the banqueting-houſe. This maſque
the trade of goldſmiths only. And about the for curioſity of fancy, excellence in the perform-
ſame time the Lord-mayor publiſhed an order for ance, and dazzling ſplendor, exceeded every thing
keeping the fabbath day holy.
of the kind ever exhibited in England. Her
In the year 1630 the ſheriff's officers having ar majeſty was ſo particularly delighted with this
reſted a man in Fleet-ſtreet, the populace, in a pompous pageantry, that the expreſſed a great
tumultuous manner, attempted his reſcue ; but deſire to have it repeated: which Ralph Free-
being ſtrongly oppoſed by the conftables, a def man, the mayor, receiving intimation of, invited
perate fray enſued, in which many perſons were their majeſties to dine at Merchant-taylors-hall;
killed, and others dangerouſly wounded. In or they accepting the offer, his lordſhip entertained
der to ſuppreſs this dangerous commotion, the them with the greateſt magnificence, and cauſed
Lord-mayor iſſued a proclamation for apprehend the abovementioned maſquerade to be performed
ing the ring-leaders, many of whom being taken in all its parts, with the ſame dexterity, fplen-
were tried and convicted of murder ; but only dor and applauſe as it had been done at White-
one who was the chief of the rioters, was exe hall.
cuted.
In the year 1634 his majeſty greatly offended
The following year the ſtreets of London be the citizens of London by iſſuing a writ for levying
ing greatly incumbered with ſtalls and ſtands for ſhip-money without the affent of parliament to-
the ſale of various goods, in defiance of the laws wards fitting out a formidable fleet. In conſe-
againſt thoſe nuiſances, the common-council quence of which a common-council was called,
enacted, “ chat no inhabitant whatever ſhould who reſolved to addreſs his majeſty for relief
“ preſume to ſell any thing in the ſtreets or lanes againſt that illegal and exorbitant demand, in the
“ of the city, on pain of forfeiting for the firſt following form : " whereas your majeſty, by writ,
“ offence twenty-ſhillings, for the ſecond forty bearing teſte the twentieth of October laft,
ſhillings, for the third four pounds, and for "commanded your petitioners, at their charge,
“ each offence afterwards the penalty to be " to provide ſeven ſhips of war, furniſhed with
16 doubled.”
men, victual, and all warlike proviſions, to be
at Portſmouth by the firſt of March next, and
In the year 1633 complaint being made of en to continue from thence by the ſpace of twenty-
groſſers, and the bad practice of vintners, bakers, “ fix weeks in your majeſty's ſervice, upon de-
&c. in London, the ſtar-chamber made a decree, “ fence of the feas, and other cauſes in the ſaid
" that no perſon whatſoever ſhould preſume to en " writ contained; your petitioners do, in all ſub-
groſs any ſort of proviſion; and particularly, « miſfive humbleneſs, and with acknowledgement
" that no chandler ſhould buy corn, grain, meal, " of your ſacred majeſty's many favours unto
or flour, to ſell again at market or elſewhere. your faid city, inform your majeſty, that they
" that no vintner ſhould ſell any thing but bread « conceive, that by ancient privileges, grants and
“ and wine; nor permit any Meſh or other ſorts " acts of parliament, (which they are ready hum-
“ of proviſion to be brought into his houſe, to “ bly to ſhew forth) they are exempt and are to
“ be there eaten by any of his gueſts. That no “ be freed from the charge. And do moſt hum-
" baker ſhould ſell bread at any other rate than bly pray, that your majeſty will be graciouſly
“ twelve, or at moſt thirteen, loaves to the dozen. pleaſed, that the petitioners, with your princely
“ That the keepers of victualling houſes ſhould grace and favour, may enjoy the ſaid privile-
“ take no more of each gueſt for a meal than two ges and exemptions, and be freed from pro-
“ fhillings including wine and beer; and of a “ viding of the ſaid fhips and proviſions.” This
“ ſervant eight-pence. That no inholder within had ſo contrary an effect to what the citizens ex-
“ London and Weſtminſter, and ten miles of || pected, that his majeſty extended the ſhip money
es the ſame, ſhould take above ſixpence in twenty over the whole kingdom, which at firſt was im-
“ four hours for hay for one horſe, nor more poſed on maritime towns only.
" than fix-pence for a peck of oats.
That to
This year the clergy petitioned his majeſty for
prevent the many inconveniences that might an increaſe of their tiches ; alledging, that by the
“ ariſe from the increaſe of the number of livery colluſion between landlord and tenant, the decrec
“ ftables in London, Weſtminſter, and South for tythes was greatly evaded ; and that, in their
“ wark, it was decreed, that the ſaid ſtable preſent condition, they were not able to contend
" keepers, after they had conſumed their ſtocks with their pariſhioners. His majeſty ſo far con-
" of hay and oats, ſhould not lay in any further deſcended to give them redreſs, that he appointed
proviſion, but lay the buſineſs entirely aſide. a commiſſion to enquire into the alledged griev.
" And finally, that neither victuallers nor vint ances: during which time the citizens oppoſed
ners ſhould ſuffer cards, dice, tables, or other their proceedings ſo warmly by petitions to the
unlawful games in their houſes, under penalty || king and council, that the deciſion of the point
• of loſing their licence.”
in queſtion was entirely left to his majeſty's decer-
mination ; who was unwilling to paſs an award in
This year his majeſty was entertained by the a matter ſo unpopular at a time when the nation
gentlemen of the four inns of court with a maſque, was in the greateſt ferment. And they the matter
which coſt them upwards of twenty thouſand dropped.
pounds. The proceſſion began at Ely houſe in
СНАР.
(6
66
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
225
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Hackney coaches firſt ply in the ſtreets. Return of the plague. Proſecutions for ſhip-money.
King Charles's firſt charter to the citizens. Pay dear for it by being condemned to forfeit
Ulfter. The citizens raiſe 1200 men to fight againſt the Scots. Order of privy-council for
a double watch, and for aſſembling the train bands. Several aldermen committed to priſon.
Proſecution ordered againſt the Lord-mayor and ſheriffs with reſpect to Ship-money. The
king's ſecond charter confirming the rights of package, portage and ſcavage. The Scots
take poleffion of the town of Newcaſtle. Their letter to the Lord-mayor. The city peti-
tion for aboliſhing epiſcopacy. The king applies to the city for a loan of one hundred thouſand
pounds. Petition to parliament againſt the earl of Strafford. The Spaniſh ambaſſador's
boufe attacked by the city apprentices. Another petition againſt the earl of Strafford. Dif-
pute concerning election of ſheriffs. Loan of fifty thouſand pounds to the parliament.
66
66 dom
;
(6
66
N the year 1635 the number of hackney ſuch reſolution, that it produced the following
coaches having greatly encreaſed, they plied letter to the Lord-mayor and aldermen: We
in the ſtreets in the ſame manner they do at “ have received, by ſome of you the alder-
this time. But great inconveniences being found men, a denial, in the name of the city, to our
by their obftructing the common paſſages, and “ late letter for the ſetting forth of ſhipping for
rendering the ſtreets dangerous to his majeſty and " the preſent and neceſſary defence of the king-
the nobility, a proclamation was iſſued, on the
and the excuſes that are made on the
nineteenth of January, ſtrictly commanding, is like occaſions, we cannot impute truly to any
" that after the 24th of June next enſuing, no thing but want of duty. We do therefore, in
" hackney coach ſhould be uſed in the city of so his majeſty's name, and by his command-
“ London, nor ſuburbs thereof, other than by ment, require you to ſee the directions of our
“ carrying of people to and from their habita có ſaid letter performed, upon your allegiance,
" tions in the country, and that no perſon ſhould us and as you will anſwer the contrary at your
cc make uſe of a coach in this city, except fuch perils. And fo, &c."
perſons as were capable of keeping four able The citizens then petitioned the council for an
" horſes fit for his majeſty's ſervice; which were abatement of the number of ſhips rated on the
to be ready when called for, under a ſevere city ; but this was abfolutely rejected. And in
penalty.”
order to perplex the Londoners ſtill more, the
About this time London was again viſited with privy-council ſent an arbitrary letter, in the king's
the plague, which raged ſo violently, that, within name; commanding the Lord-mayor and alder-
the year it took off ten thouſand four hundred men to ſhut up all ſhops in Goldſmith’s-row,
citizens ; on which account the fairs of St. Bar- || Cheapfide and Lombard-ſtreet that were not oc-
tholomew and Southwark were ſuppreſſed. cupied by goldfmiths ; which order was ſoon af.
The citizens were afficted with a ſtill greater ter enforced by a decree of the court of ſtar-
plague than this: for the miniſtry were determin. chamber. However, the citizens paid no regard
ed, at all events, to ſupport the authority of the either to this order or a future letter, which was
king and council, by raiſing money without con ſent by the privy-council to the Lord-mayor and
ſent of parliament; nor indeed did they want men aldermen, commanding them to inform their de-
in power to countenance their arbitrary proceed- || puties of thoſe wards in which Cheapfide and
ings : for Sir Edward Bromfield, Lord-mayor of || Lombard-ſtreet, are ſituated, that if they did
London, committed Mr. Richard Chambers, a not forthwith put their former directions in that
merchant, to priſon, for peremptorily refuſing || particular in execution, they would then give
to pay ſhip-money. This gentleman brought an ſuch further orders, as ſhould teach them to know,
action againſt Sir Edward for falſe impriſonment; || that the commands of that board ought not to
but Sir Robert Berkley, one of the juſtices of the be fighted.
King's-bench, ſoon quaſhed the cauſe by declar Notwithſtanding this contention between the
ing in court, “ that there was a rule of law, and || city and court, yet the former prevailed on his
“ another of government, and that many things | majeſty to grant them a more extenſive charter
" that could not be done by the rule of law, might || than they had ever received from any other kings.
66 be done by that of government."
By which his majeſty confirmed all their former
This, however, did not deter the citizens from letters patent, the garbling of tobacco only ex-
their reſolution not to pay ſhip-money. Another cepted." And after reciting the charter granted
order was ſoon after ſent by the privy-council, by king Henry VI. and making all other charters
requiring their ſubmiſſion to the authority of the of the ſaid king void, his majeſty grants as fol-
king and council ; but this they rejected with
lows :
19
L11
66 That

226
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
“ That the mayor, recorder, and aldermen,
belonging to the city of London, be juſtices of
“ the peace; with power to commit thoſe to the
priſon of Newgate, &c. who ſhall refuſe to
« find ſecurities for the preſervation of the peace;
“ and to do and to execute all ſuch things, which
juſtices and keepers of the peace in any county
“ of England do, or are wont to do. That four
ss of the ſaid juſtices, the mayor or recorder al-
ways to be one, may hold a ſeſſions, to enquire
• into weights and meaſures, and ſelling victuals
« contrary to the ſtatutes, &c. And to receive
“ and inſpect into indictments taken before them,
« to make and continue proceſs, and puniſh of-
“ fenders, according to the laws of the kingdom,
cs and cuſtom of the city: and to execute the
« laws as fully and largely, as any other juſtices
“ of the peace in any other county. And or-
“ dains, that the ſheriffs, &c. ſhall attend, aid,
" and aſſiſt the ſaid juſtices, when deſired. He
“ alſo grants them the forfeiture of recogni.
zances, particularly thoſe relating to baſtard
“ children, inmates, and alehouſes: with recog-
" nizances for appearances at the ſeſſions of goal
delivery. He likewiſe grants them all fines,
“ amerciaments, &c. impoſed by the conſervator
" of the river Thames, and by the commiſſioners
" of ſewers, And he grants Moorfields and
“ Welt-ſmithfield, with liberty to hold fairs and
« markets in the ſaid fields, with all colls, profits,
« &c. thereunto belonging. To which grant is
“ added this particular clauſe: We, our heirs or
6 fucceffors, will not erect or cauſe to be erected,
nor will permit or give leave to any perſon or
• perſons to erect and build a new one, or any
" meſſuages, houſes, ſtructures, edifices in or
upon the faid field called Inner Moor, or the
e field called Outward Moor, or the ſaid field
6 called Weſt-ſmithfield ; but that the ſaid ſepa-
rate fields and places be reſerved, diſpoſed and
« continued to ſuch like common and public uſes,
as the ſame fields heretofore and now are uſed,
“ diſpoſed or converted to, (ſaving nevertheleſs
sc and always reſerving to us, our heirs and fuc-
« ceſſors, all ſtreets, lanes and alleys, and now
waſte and void ground and places, as they are
and liberties of
the faid meſſuages,
« edifices, court-yards and all and fingular the
“ premiſes granted or confirmed, or mentioned
to be granted and confirmed, with all their
appurtenances, (except before excepted) to
" the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens
“ of the ſaid city, and their ſucceſſors for ever;
to hold in fee and common burgage, and not
“ in capite, or by knights ſervice. He fur-
" ther grants the garbling of all ſpices and mer-
“ chandize, and other things, which ought to
“ be garbled ; (except only tobacco) with power
56 to take fees for the ſame: and alſo the office
“ of gauging wines, oils, and other merchan-
“6 dizes and things gaugable, with all and fin-
“ gular fees, profits and emoluments, appertain-
“ ing to the ſaid office: and to keep the great
6 balance or weight, within London, and all
weights whatſoever of all ſorts of wares, mer-
6C chandizes, and things within the ſaid city. And
s he conſtituted the Lord-mayor, commonalty,
« and citizens of London, and their ſucceſſors,
keepers of the great ſtandard, balance and
ss weight, and all weights whatſoever; with power
to take fees, &c. appertaining to the ſaid office.
" And then he proceeds in theſe words : Alſo we
" will, and for us, our heirs and ſucceffors, do
“ erect and create in and through the ſaid city,
66 and liberties thereof, and in and through our
" borough and town of Southwark, in our county
" of Surry, a certain office called outroper, or
common cryer, to and for the ſelling of hour-
“ hold-ſtuff, apparel, leales of houſes, jewels,
goods, chattels, and other things, of all per-
« fons who ſhall be willing that the ſaid officers
" ſhall make ſale of the fame things by public
" and open claim, commonly called outcry, and
“ ſale in common and open place or places in the
" ſaid city, and the liberties of the ſame, and
" for the town and borough of Southwark afore-
" ſaid : and the ſame office, for the conſideration
« aforeſaid, we, for us, our heirs and ſucceſſors,
“ do give and grant to the ſaid mayor, commo-
nalty, and citizens, of the city of London,
os and their ſucceſſors for ever, to have and exer-
« ciſe the fame office, by them or their deputy,
« officer or miniſter, officers, deputies, and mi-
" niſters, being firſt allowed or admitted thereto
" by the mayor and commonalty, and citizens of
" the ſaid city, for the time being, in common-
« cil of the ſaid city aſſembled, or the major part
c of them: and that it ſhall and may be lawful
" to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citi,
“ zens of the city of London, and their ſucceffors,
" and their deputy or deputies, officers or mi-
" niſters to demand, take, and keep, for the uſe
" of the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citi-
“.zens, aforeſaid, the wares and fees expreſſed in
" a certain ſchedule hereunto annexed. And we
« will, and, for us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, do
“ ſtrictly appoint, command, and charge all per-
s ſons, that neither they nor any of them pre-
« ſume to ſell any goods, chattels, hourhold-ſtuff,
apparel, jewels, and other things in public
" claim, called outcry in the city aforeſaid, or the
« liberties of the ſame, or in the borough and
" town of Southwark, under pain of our royal
“
“
« fors, do grant to the faid mayor and common-
" alty, and citizens of the faid city, and their
« ſucceſſors, and by theſe preſents do declare,
56 that the relicts and widows of freemen of the
" ſaid city, uſing manual arts and occupations, ſo
« long as they ſhall continue widows, and remain
“ in the fame city from time to time, and at all
« times hereafter, may and be licenfed to uſe and
execute, and exerciſe the ſame arts and manual
« occupations in the ſaid city, although they were
“ not educated by the fpace of ſeven years as ap-
prentices, notwithſtanding the ſtatute made and
publiſhed in parliament of lady Elizabeth, late
queen of England, in the 5th year of her reign;
or any other ſtatute or ordinance to the contrary
« notwithſtanding. And further, that no market
« ſhall henceforth be granted, erected, or per-
“ mitted, by us, our heirs, and ſucceſſors, with-
« in ſeven miles in compaſs of the ſaid city.
" And that whenfoever, and as often as there
fhall
CG
CG
CG

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
227
66
66
66
“ ſhall happen any iſſues to be taken of or upon - perſons to merchandize and traffic, or have
" the cuſtom of the ſaid city between any parties commerce as merchants to foreign parts, unleſs
" in pleading (although they themſelves be par “ ſuch perſons firſt become freemen of the ſaid
“ ties) or if any thing ſhall be moved or happen “ city, and bring a teſtimonial from the cham-
« in pleading, act, or queſtion, touching the berlain, or under-chamberlain of the ſaid city
" cuſtoms aforeſaid, before us, our heirs or ſuc " for the time being, that they are admitted into
“ ceſſors or juſtices for holding pleas before us, " the liberty of the ſaid city.
our juſtices of the common bench, treaſurer " And that no merchant, being a freeman of
es and barons of the exchequer, or any other ju " the ſaid city, ſhall take any apprentice to ſerve
co ftices of us, our heirs or fucceffors, which “ him in ſuch like merchandizes within the city
" ſhall exact or require inquiſition, ſearch, or C6 aforeſaid, liberties or ſuburbs of the ſame, or
ss trial, the mayor and aldermen of the ſaid city within ten miles of the ſame city, for leſs than
s for the time, may record, teſtify, and declare, “ ſeven years, to be bound and enrolled according
" by word of mouth, by the recorder of the ſaid to the cuſtom of the ſaid city, and not otherwiſe.
“ city for the time being, thoſe cuſtoms; and " And we ordain and conſtitute, that there ſhall
" that by ſuch record, teftimony, and declaration, 66 be a certain office of the clerk of the court of
" without taking any jury thereupon, or making Requeſts, to be named and appointed by the
any further proceſs, they may ſpeedily proceed mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the
« to the caption or determination of the plea, “ faid city, aſſembled in conmon-council of the
« deed, or cauſe of buſineſs. We have given " ſame city, or the greater part of them. And
as alſo and granted, and by theſe preſents, for us,
66 that there ſhall be a beadle of the court of Re-
so our heirs and ſucceſſors, do give and grant to queſts, to be named and appointed by the ſaid
" the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens, mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the
" and their ſucceſſors, treaſures found in the ſame " ſaid city, aſſembled in common-council, to
“ city, or liberty of the fame; and alſo waived “ fummon, ſerve, and execute warrants, precepts,
es or ſtrayed goods and chattels of all felons “ and proceſs of the faid court; and to receive
" and fugitives, for felonies committed by them “ for his labour in the ſaid office the wages and
" in the ſaid city, or the liberties of the ſame, “ fees expreſſed in a certain ſchedule hereunto
judged or to be adjudged before us, our heirs annexed. And whereas divers burglaries, felo-
« or ſucceſſors, or any of our juſtices. We have nies, robberies, clandeſtine ſtealings, and thefts
granted alſo, that the mayor of the ſaid city, “ of goods, jewels, apparel, and houſhold ſtuff,
" and their fucceffors, for the time being, may and other things, are daily committed within
" name to the chancellor of England for the time our city of London, and liberties of the ſame,
being, two of the aldermen of the ſaid city, to the grievous damage of ſome of our ſub-
6 of which one, at the nomination of the ſaid jects inhabiting there, or in the parts adjoining;
mayor, ſhall be one of the keepers of the peace “We, for the better diſcovery of ſuch like of-
« in the county of Middleſex, and the other in fenders, and of things ſo loſt, will, and for us,
“ the county of Surry, who ſhall be inſerted with our heirs and ſucceſſors, by theſe prefents, do
s6 others into all commiſſions henceforth to be made ordain, grant, and conſtitute, that from hence-
66 for the conſervation of the peace, in the coun “ forth for ever, within the ſaid city of London,
“ ties aforeſaid; and may henceforth do, con and the liberties of the ſame, there be and
" cern, and execute thoſe things which are to be “ ſhall be a certain office of regiſter of all, and
“ done by the keepers of peace of the counties for ſales and pawns made or to be made to re-
“s aforeſaid, according to the force and effect of tailing brokers within the ſaid city and liberties
66 the commiſſions directed or to be directed to. of the ſame; and for any goods, jewels, appa-
" them and others. And we will, appoint, or rel, houſhold-ſtuff, and other things fo to be
6 dain, and declare, for us, our heirs and fuc fold or pawned by any perſons. And that it
" ceſſors, that all they who are, or hereafter ſhall may be lawful for the ſaid mayor, and citizens
“ be fons of freemen of the city, or who are, or " of the ſaid city, to demand, take, or have the
“ hereafter ſhall be apprentices or ſervants of wages and fees expreſſed in a certain ſchedule
« freemen of our faid city, and now do, or here annexed to theſe preſents. And further, we
« after ſhall reſide or inhabit in the ſame city, or do grant, that it may and ſhall be lawful to the
" the liberties of the ſame, or within ten miles citizens of the ſame city, to expoſe and hang
« diſtant from any part of the fame, and do or in and over the ſtreets and ways, and alleys of
« ſhall uſe merchandizes; and who do or ſhall the ſaid city, and ſuburbs of the ſame, ſigns
“ refuſe or delay to become freemen of the ſaid " and poſts of ſigns affixed to their houſes and
“ city, ſhall not be permitted at any time hence ſhops, for the better finding out ſuch citizens
“ forth, by themſelves or by others, directly or dwellings, ſhops, arts, or occupations, with-
indirectly, to tranſport any goods, wares, or out impediment, moleſtation, or interruption
“ merchandizes, by way of merchandizing, in of us, our heirs, or ſucceſſors. We do grant
“ any way, from the port of our faid city of and confirm to the mayor and commonalty,
“ London, to ports foreign or beyond the ſeas ; “ and citizens of the ſaid city, and their ſucceſ-
" and we do firmly command the governors,
fors, the cuſtody, ordering, and government
« aſſiſtants, and merchant adventurers of Eng “ of the hoſpital called Bethlehem ; and all ma-
6 land, &c. and other ſocieties of merchants, nors, lands, tenements, poffeffions, and rever.
trading or merchandizing into foreign parts be “ fions whatſoever and wherefoever lying and be-
“ yond the ſeas; that they, or any of them, ad ing, belonging and appertaining to the ſame
mit, licence or permit any ſuch like perſon or houſe and hoſpital called Bethlehem. And da
46 make
26

228
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
" theſe our letters patents; witneſs myſelf at
“ Weſtminſter, the eighteenth day of October,
s in the fourteenth year of our reign."
A ſchedule of the fees taken by the common crier.
66
S. d.
pis
For ſelling all goods, in every ſhilling
For writing and keeping the books, in every pound
To the cryer for crying the goods
Fees taken by the regiſter for brokers.
For the bond to be entered into by every broker, brog-
ger and huckſter, to the chamber
08
For every bargain, contract, pawn, for or upon which
there ihall be lent or given is. or above and under 55. Ook
For every the like, for which ſhall be lent 5s, or more,
and under 205.
oo
For every the like, on which ſhall be lent 20s. or more
and under 40s.
For every the like, on which ſhall be lent 40s. or more o 2
66
Fees taken by the Court of Conſcience.
04
04.
06
For every plaint
Fer every appearance
For every order
For every remittance to the common law
For every precept or warrant to commit to priſon
For every ſearch
For every ſatisfaction acknowledged on an order
For warning every perſon within the liberties
For warning every perſon without the liberties
For ſerving every precept or warrant
02
06
O4
06
make, ordain, and conſtitute by theſe preſents,
" thuſe the mayor and commonalty, and citizens
“ of the ſaid city, and their ſucceſſors, maſters,
keepers, and governors of the ſaid houſe and
hoſpital called Bethlehem, and of the ſaid ma-
nors, lands, tenements, and other the premiſes
belonging to the ſame houſe and hoſpital called
“ Bethlehem ; to have, hold, and enjoy the ſaid
“ cuſtody, ordering and goverment of the ſaid
" houſe and hoſpital called Bethlehem, and of the
“ faid manors, lands, tenements, poſſeſſions, re-
venues, and hereditaments, belonging to the
" fame houſe and hoſpital called Bethlehem, to the
" ſaid mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the
" ſaid city, and their ſucceſſors for ever ; to the
ſame uſes, intents and purpoſes, as in the let-
ters patent of lord Henry the VIIIch are or-
“ dained and appointed : Willing nioreover, and
" for us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, we do declare
" and ordain, that the laid houſe or hoſpital of
“ Bethlehem, or the manors, lands, tenements,
poffeffions, revenues, and hereditaments belong-
ing or appertaining to the ſame houſe or any
part thereof, be not delivered, converted, or
diſpoſed to any other uſe than to the charitable
• works now uſed and applied in the ſame hof-
pital.
5c And further we will, and command the ſame
mayor and commonalty, and citizens of the
56 faid city, and their ſucceſſors, that they do not
- deliver or grant the ſaid manors, lands, tene-
ments, poffeffions, and revenues, belonging to
" the ſame houſe or hoſpital, or any part of them,
“ for any term or terms of years, exceeding the
“ number of 21 years ; to commence from the
« time of the making of ſuch like grant or leaſe
“ in poſſeſſion, and not in reverſion, reſerving
“ half of the yearly value at leaſt of ſuch
manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments,
“ fo leaſed and granted, yearly to be paid during
" the ſaid term, to the ſaid mayor and common-
alty, and their ſucceſſors, to the uſes, intents,
" and purpoſes above mentioned. And niore-
over we grant and give ſpecial licence, that it
« ſhall and may be lawful to the ſaid mayor and
« commonalty, and citizens of London, and their
“ receive, and hold
of or
“ perſons whatſoever, five acres of land, ſituate,
lying, and being in the pariſh of St. Giles's in
“ the Fields, in the county of Middleſex, now or
" late in the tenure or occupation of Margaret
« Pennell, or her aſſigns; although the ſame five
acres, or any part of them, be held of us in
“ capite by knights ſervice ; to have to the ſame
mayor and commonalty, and citizens, of the
" ſame city, and their ſucceſſors for ever. And
« we declare it to be our royal pleaſure, by theſe
preſents, that the ſaid mayor and commonalty,
". and citizens, or their fucceffors, or any other
" perſon or perſons by the aſſent and confent of
" the ſame mayor and commonalty, and citizens,
" ſhall build and erect, without the royal licence
“ of us, our heirs, or ſucceſſors, in that behalf
" firſt had and obtained, any houſes, edifices, or
«s ſtructures upon the premiſes, or any parcel
" thereof. In witneſs whereof, we have made
The granting of this charter muſt not be look-
ed on as a free gift from the king ; for the citi-
zens paid very conſiderable ſums to obtain this
confirmation of their ancient rights and privi-
leges ; and ſo ſoon after, as
In the year 1639 the miniſtry, in an illegal,
arbitrary, and unjuſt manner, commenced a fuit
in the court of ſtar-chamber, againſt the Lord-
mayor, and citizens, together with the governor
and aſſiſtants of the new plantation in the pro-
vince of Ulſter in Ireland, in order to deprive
them of the improvements they had made, at a
very conſiderable expence, in that province ;
when after a hearing of ſeventeen days, they
were, by a decree of that court, condemned to
55
granted to them by king James I. in that king-
dom. Not ſatisfied with this, they at the ſame
time amerced the citizens in a fine of fifty thou-
fand pounds ; but the parliament thinking it high
time to ſtop ſuch arbitrary proceedings, came to
ſuch reſolutions as deterred the king from execut-
the ſaid decree with reſpect to the fine: he
moreover declared the decree againſt the Iriſh
eſtate unlawful, and confirmed the grane of the
province of Ulſter made to them by the late
king.
The citizens, knowing this lenity aroſe from
the
power of parliament and not the inclination
of the king, gave him afterwards reaſon to re-
pent of ſuch illegal meaſures, by joining the par-
liament, whom they looked on as their protectors
and guardians.
In the year 1649, an army being immediately
wanted to march againſt the Scots, the privy-
council called on the city to ſend twelve hundred
men

E of London in 1640.
Engraved for Chamberlains Hustory of London
HABIT of the Lady Mayoress of London in 1610. Habit of a MERCHANTS WIFE ef-

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London?
OG Grus
O,
از رد))
Habit of the Lord Maror f London in 1640. Habit of a MERCHANT of London about 1640.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
229
66 to
men to join that expedition, which were accord 66 firm the fees fet down in the tables hereunto
ingly raiſed, and ſhipped at Blackwall, though " annexed, due to the ſaid office. And his ma-
not without ſome oppoſition from the rabble. jeſty did alſo give and grant the ſaid offices of
The populace in general were ſo enraged at the ſcavage, or ſurveying, baillage, package, car-
archbiſhop of Canterbury, whom they looked on " riage, and portage, and their lawful fees, to
as a principal leader in all minifterial oppreſſions, “ the Lord-mayor and citizens of London, to be
that, in conſequence of a paper ſtuck up in the “ exerciſed and occupied by lufficient miniſters or
Royal Exchange, they affembled to the number deputies,” with this particular clauſe, “ That
of five hundred, and marched in the night to the no other porter or carrier, or any other perſon
palace at Lambeth with an intent to deſtroy him or perſons whatſoever, ſhall preſume to intermie
and the building : but the biſhop being apprized or intrude him or themſelves to carry or lade
of their coming, was ſo guarded that he fruſtrat any of the ſaid goods or merchandizes, from
ed all their attempts, and obliged them to retire any wharf or ſhore within the limits aforeſaid,
without accompliſhing the purpoſes they in “s into any ſhip or veſſel; or to unlade any
tended.
“ goods or merchandizes from any veſſel upon
The court being greatly alarmed at this, the any wharf, Thore, or lane, within the limits
privy council fent an order to the Lord-mayor 55 aforeſaid, without the ſpecial appointment
to provide a double watch, and to oblige every or licence of the ſaid mayor and commonalty,
houſekeeper to keep his apprentices and ſervants " and citizens of the city aforeſaid, or of their
quiet and peaceable.
“6 officers or deputies for that purpoſe firſt had
Notwithſtanding the Lord.mayor ſtrictly obey " and obtained." And concludes with giving
ed theſe orders, yet fo turbulent and enraged power and authority to the ſaid mayor and his
were the citizens againſt the court and miniſtry | proper officers, in the foreſaid employments,
for their deſpotic government, that they ſtuck give and adminifter the oath upon the holy
up papers in various parts of the city, exciting so evangeliſts, from time to time, to all ſuch per-
the people to a general inſurrection. This occa “ fons ſuſpected or to be ſuſpected of withdraw-
fioned another order from the privy-council to 66 ings, concealments, colourings, frauds, covins.
command the Lord-mayor to draw forth the city Fc And that it ſhall and may be lawful to the faid
trained bands, the more effectually to ſuppreſs mayor, his minifter, and deputy, or officer for
all diſorderly and riotous meetings.
" the time being, by all lawful ways and means
The king at this time committed ſeveral alder to compel all ſuch perſons ſuſpected, or to be
men to priſon for refuſing to give in the names ſuſpected, as ſhall refuſe or deny to take the
of the moſt ſubſtantial houſekeepers within their 66 ſaid oath, to take the ſame oath.” Which char-
juriſdiction : this was done the more ſtrongly to ter is dated the fifth day of September, in the
enforce them to advance ſuch ſums as he ſhould ſixteenth year of his reign.
think proper without power of parliament; and
to affefs on them all the ſum of two hundred The SCAVAGE Table of rates inwards.
thouſand pounds. To effect which the attorney-
general was ordered to proceed againſt them in
the ſtar-chamber. This flame was ſtill farther A
LLUM, the C, weight, qt. 112lb.
increaſed by another order of the privy council, Amoito, the C. qt. five ſcore
to profecute the Lord-mayor and the ſheriffs of
Apples and pears, the little barrel
Aquavitæ the hogſhead
London and Middleſex for their contempt and Argol, white or red, the C. weight qt. 112lb. O 11
default in the proſecution of the wric for ſhip Babies heads, the dozen
money.
Bacon, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
Bandſtrings, the dozen knots
Notwithſtanding theſe various perſecutions, it
Great, the C. qt ſix fcore
did not in the leaſt affect the firmneſs of theſe
Middle, the C. qt. ditto
magiſtrates, who, to ſhew his majeſty that their
Small, the C. qt.
conduct was not directed in contempt to him, but
Barlings, the C. qt, ditto
Barley, the quarter, qt. eight buſhels
o o
in oppoſition to his evil counſellors, immediately Barilla or faffora, the barrel, qt. C. weight
complied with his majeſty's command in furniſh Baſket-rods, the dozen bundles
ing him with four hundred able bodied men well Baft-ropes, the C. weight qt. 1121b.
accoutred, and conducted to march and join his
Battery baſher ows, or kettles, the C. weight qt. 1121b
Beef, the barrel
army againſt the Scots, on a promiſe of being || Bell-metal, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
repaid the expence out of his majeſty's exche Beans, the quarter
o op
quer.
Blacking or lamb-black, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
Bottles of all ſorts, the dozen
The citizens, after this, advanced the king a
O of
Barrel boards, the thouſand
conſiderable ſum of money in conſideration of Boards Clapboards, the C. qt. fix ſcore
his granting them another charter: by which, af-
Pipe-boards, the C. qt. ſix ſcore
ter firſt reciting their former privileges of package,
Narrow, the ſingle piece not above 15
ſurvey, or ſeavage of all goods, and of baillage,
Bombaſins Broad, the ſingle piece not above 15
Co his majeſty, in conſideration of four thouſand
yards.
“ two hundred pounds, confirms the ſaid offices, Books unbound the baſket or maund
" and created, ordained, and conſticuted air of Bow ftaves, the C. qt. ſix ſcore
“ fice or officer of package of all forts of goods
Braſs and irons, lavercocks, chaffing diſhes, and all o-
ther braſs or latten wrought, the C.qt. five ſcore o
" and merchandize whatſoever, and an office of | Brimſtone, the C. weight 11 21b.
carriage and portage of all wools, &c. and mer Briſtles, the dozen pound
“ chandize whatſoever : and did ratify and con-
M mm
Buckrams
S. d.
5OOO
I
4
Ó
6
O
01 / 슬
​4
Balks
o
ditto
9
4.
4
4
HIN
0
4
I
O
panel
Borattos or
yards
0 2
3
8
2
оооооо
O O 3
66
20

230
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
2
3
2
O
O
0
15 yards
O I
NANKAMAI
O
2
I
O
1
3
O
I
I
2
ооооо
O
O
I
2
I
1
I
OO
WINN
I
O
N
O O
O
2
I
OOO
2
оо
{
I
O
O
O
Napomena a O OO pode NO NUO
I
O
O
Atlet
8
2
1
6
ооо
o
1
I
qt. 112lb.
1
2
oIO
o
Buckrams
$ of Germany, the dozen pieces
Galls, the C. weight, quantity 112lb.
Of France the dozen pieces
Glaſs for windows, the cheſt or caſe
3
Builins, Liles
Narrow, the ſingle piece not above
Glaſs, called Venice drinking glaſſes, the dozen
and
Half-penny ware, the groſs, qt. 12 dozen o
Moccadoes
Broad, the fingle piece not above
Penny ware, the groſs,
qt. 12 dozen
15 yards
Glaſſes,
Of ſteel, ſmall dozen
Bull-ruſhes, the load
Looking-
Of ſteel, large dozen
Burs for mill-ſtones, the C. qt. five ſcore
Of cryſtal, fmall dozen under No. 6.
Butter, the C. weight qt. 112lb.
glaſſes
Of cryſtal, middle, the dozen No. 6.
Cable ropes for cordage, the C. weight qt. 1121b.
Of cryſtal, the dozen, No. 7, 4, 9, 10 4
Of cryſtal, the dozen, No. 11, 12.
Cabinets Great, the piece
6
Small, the piece
Glaſs ſtone plates for ſpectacles, rough, the dozen o o
Caddas, or crewel ribbons, the dozen pieces, qt. each
r of cryſtal ſmall under No. 6. the
piece 36 yards
Glaſs-plates
dozen
Candle-wick, the C. weight qt. 112lb.
or fights for Of cryſtal, No. 6. the dozen
Candles of tallow, the dozen pound
0 looking-glaffes, Of cryſtal No. 7, 8, 9, 10, che do-
Capers, the C. pound qt. five ſcore
unfoiled
zer
Capravans, the C. qt. lix ſcore
3
( Of cryſtal No. 11, 12, the dozen
Playing cards, the ſmall groſs qt. 12 dozen Gloves of Spaniſh leather, the dozen pair
Cards
pair
Of ſcarlet powder, the pound
Grain for
Wool cards, the dozen pair
이들
​dyers
Of Sevil, in berries and grain, of Portu-
Turkey, Perfia, Eaſt India, and Venice,
gal or Rotta, the pound
o ou
6
long, the piece
Almonds, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Carpets
3
Of the ſame, or like forts, ſhort, the piece o
Anniſeeds, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
4
6
(Carpets of all other forts, the piece
Cloves, the C. weight, qt. five ſcore
ŞFor looking glafles, gilt, from No. 3. to No.
Currants, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
Caſes 10. the dozen
Dates, the C. weight, qt. 1121b,
3
For looking glaſſes, ungilt, the dozen
Figs, the C. weight, 1121b.
Chamlets mohair, and Turkey grograms, each 15 yds.
Fuffes of cloves, the C. qt, five ſcore
8
Cheeſe, the C. weight qt. 1121b.
Ginger, the C. qt. five ſcore
Cherries, the C. weight qt. 1121b.
Liquoriſh, the C. weight, qt. 1121b
Mace, the C. pound qt. five ſcore
| French woollen, each 20 yards
Cloth
Nutmegs ditto
Silvefter, , lb. ook Grocery
Pepper, the C. qt. ditto
Of all
Prunes, the C. weight qt. 11 alb.
Combs of box, or light wood, the groſs qt. 12 dozen o of 들
​Raiſins of the ſun, the C. wt qt. 1121b. o
Copper bricks or plates, round or ſquare, the C. wt. o
Raiſins great, or malaga, the C. weight,
4
Copperas, the C. weight qt. 112lb.
Corral, rough or poliſhed, the maſt, qt. 22lb
Cinnamon, the C. weight, qt. five ſcore
Cork, the C. weight qt. 112lb.
Refined, the C. wt. qt. 112
Cork, the dozen pieces, for ſhoemakers
Candy, brown or white, the C.
Deal boards of all ſorts, the C. qt fix ſcore
weight
0 8
Dogs of earth, the ſmall grofs, qt. 12 dozen
Sugar Muſcavadoes and white, the C.
Durance of With thread each 15 yards
it
weight
4
Duretty With filk, each 15 yards
St. Thome and Pennellis, the
| Amber-greaſe, the ounce
Ct, weight
Alloficratina, the pound
Goats hair the C. lb. qt. five ſcore
Barley hulled, the C. qt. u2lb.
Gun powder, the barrel
, qt. 112lb
3
Carway and comin-feed, the C weight
Gum Arabick, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
1
China roots, the C. qt. five ſcore
6
Hawks of all ſorts, the hawk
Civit, the ounce
Beaſt or ſtraw hats, the dozen
oo
Drugs
Gum Armoniac, the C.
Beaſt or ſtraw hats, plain, the groſs, qt. 12
6
Muſk, the ounce
dozen
Hats
Muſk-cods, the dozen
Wool fells, the dozen
Saunders, white or red, the C. qt. five ſcore o
Demi-caſtors, the piece
6
Treacle, common, the C. qt. five ſcore
Bever hats, the piece
Turpentine, common, the C. wt. qt. 112lb. o
Headlings for pipes, hogſheads, or barrels, the thou.
Feathers for beds, the C. weight qt. 112lb.
ſand
( Cod-fiſh, the C. qt. ſix ſcore
Heath for bruſhes, the C. weight, qt. 112lb:
Undreſt, the ditto
Cole fifh, the C. qt. fix ſcore
Hemp
Tels, the barrel
Dreft, ditto
Buff hides, the piece
Eels quick, the ſhip lading
Hides
o of
Cow hides or horſe hides the dozen
Herrings white or red, the laſt
3
Honey, the barrel
ſix ſcore
Fiſh
Lings, the C.
<
qt.
Horſes and mares, each horſe or mare
6
Lub-fiſh, the C. qt. ditto
Croplings, the C. ditto
Hops, the C. weight, qt. 112lb,
Indico the C. Ib. qt. five ſcore
Titlings, the C. ditto
o o 들
​Indico duft, ditto
8
Sturgeon, the firkin.
Sturgeon, the keg
Wrought, the dozen pound
Incle > Roles, the dozen pieces, of 36 yds. each piece o
( Salmon, the barrel
Flax, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
Unwrought, the C. Ib. quantity five ſcore
Flax undreft, the C. weight, qt. 112lb
Iron wrought, the C. qt. 1121b.
Iron unwrought, the ton
6
Flax dreft or wrought, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
4
Frankincenſe, the C. qt. 112lb.
Iron pots, the dozen
o
o
Shaven Lattin, the C. wt. qt. 1121b. O 6
Lattin, vocat
Barmillions, the piece, or two half pieces,
Black Lattin the C. wt. qt. 112lb. 3
Fuftians
qt. 15 yards each half piece
Bone-lace of thread the dozen yards
Naple fuftians, tripe, or velvet, the piece,
Silk-bone-lace, the pound, qt. 16 ounces
qt. 15 yards.
Lace
Silk lace of all ſorts, the pound, qt. 16
Bever fkins, the piece
o o
ounces.
Bever-bellies, or wombs, the dozen
The thouſand
Furrs
Budge, tawed or untawed, the C, weight,
Lemons Juice of Lemons, the pipe
qt. five ſcore
Pickled Lemons, the
3
Fox ſkins, the C. qt. five ſcore
4 Linſeed, the quarter
I
Fonies without tails, the dozen
12
Leaves of gold, the C. leaves, qt. five ſcore
om
Galley diſhes, each 12 dozen
Lures for hawks, the dozen
02 늘
​Leather
moto
I
O
2
6
22
I
OOOOO
NUON NATA
2
O
1
1
I
I
осоо
2
o
2
I
O
o
2a
O
I
o
4
O
0
1
20
0
N med NOON OSO
0
o
2
OOO abonenty O Odont to bend
Hla
O
I
O
4
I
O
{
O
22
O
2
2
O @
HIN
I
4
L:
6
2
pipe
оооо

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
231
оооо
3
2
нооо
оо
Any o Om NN
HINN
2
ne'nin
NOV
2
O IO
o
2
o
Oo oo de O O O NO
HAHAHA
0
2
O
O I
оо
O
1
1.
0 1
o 3
O
оо
O
оо
оо
Bazel leather, the dozen ſkins
o o
Leather
Hangings, gilt, the piece
Leather for maſks, the dozen 1b.
Lutes, the dozen
4.
Catling, the great groſs, qt. 12 ſmall
Luteſtrings
groſs of knots
ö ož
Minikins, the groſs, qt. 12 dozen of
knots
001
Britiſh Cloth, the C. ells, qt. five ſcore
Brabant, Emden, Flemiſh, Freeze, Gen-
tiſh, Holland, Iffingham, Overifily,
Rowſe, and Cowfield cloths, or plats,
each piece 30 ells
Callicoes or dutties the piece
o ož
Cambricks the whole piece, qt: 13 ells
Of Holland making the do-
Damaſk for zen yards
4
tabling Of Slecia making the do-
zen yards
Of Holland, making
Damaſk for tow-
the dozen yards I
elling and nap-3 of Sileſia making the
kenning
dozen yards
Of Holland making the do-
Diaper for
zen yards
tabling Of Slecia, making the do-
zen yards
o o
Of Holland, making
Diaper for tow-
the dozen yards
eſling and nap-3 of Sileſia, making the
kenning
dozen yards
0 0
Linnens French canvas and line, ell and half quar-
ter broad, or upwards, the C. ells,
qt. ſix ſcore
French or Normandy canvas and line, nar=
row vandales, or vittry canvas, Datch
barras and Heſian canvas, the C. ells.
qt. fix ſcore
0 2
Gutting and ſpruce canvas drillinges pack,
duck hinderlands, middle good head-
lock, Muſcovy linnen, narrow, Ham-
burgh cloth, narrow, and Iriſ, cloth,
the C. ells, qt. ſix ſcore
Hamburgh and Silefia cloth, broad, the
C. ells, qt. fix ſcore
3
Poldavis, the bolt
Lawns, the whole piece, qt. 13 efls.
Callicoe lawns, the piece
French lawns, the piece
Lockrams, the piece, of all ſorts, qt. 106
ells
Southwick, the C. ells, qt. fix ſcore
Straſbourg linen, each 30 ells
Striped or tufted canvas, with thread, the
piece, qt 15 yards
Striped, tufted, or quilted canvas, with
filk, the piece, qt. 15 yards
Littimus, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
Malt, the quarter
Magnus, the C. weight, qt. 1121b
Maſks of velvet or ſatten, the dozen
'Great, the maſt
Mafts Middle, the maft
Small, the mast
o 02
Maps printed, the ream
Crop madder, and all other bale madder,
Madder
the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Fat madder, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Mull madder, the C. weight, qf. 112lb. o
Meal, th laſt, qt. 12 barrels
Mocado ends, the dozen pounds
Oats, the quarter
Seville, Majorca, Minorca, Provence, Portugal
and fallad oil, the ton
8
Oil Rape and linſeed oil, the ton
6
Train-oil of Greenland or Newfoundland, the
4
Olives, the hogſhead
4
The
d.
Dripping or frying-pans, the C. weight, qt.
Pans
112lb.
Warming pans, the dozen
I
6
s Brown, the C, bundles
Paper
2 Of all other forts, each five ſcore reams 8
Peaſe, the quarter
o o
Pitch and tar, the laſt
3
1
Plates {Single white or black, the C. plates
Pomegranates, the thouſand
Pork, the barrel
Of earth or ftone, covered, the C. qt. five ſcore o
Pots Of earth or ſtone, uncovered, the C. caft, qt.
a gallon to every caſt, if in one plot or more o
Quails, the dozen
o out
Quickſilver, the C. lb. qt. five ſcore
Quinces, the C. qt, five ſcore
o o
Rape-feed, the quarter
Rofin, the ton
Rice, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Rye, the quarter
Rims for ſieves, the groſs, qt. 12 dozen
Saffron the lb.
Safflore, the C. lb. qt. five ſcorce
4
Salt, the C. weight
Salt-petre, the C. weight, qt si alb.
o i
Sayes Double fayes, or Flanders ferges
, the piece o
, o
Shumack the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
o if
Bridges filk, Granadoes, Naples, Organfine,
Pole, and Spaniſh Sattin, filk, ſlear filk,
fine and thrown filk, the lb, qt. 16 ounces o
Raw China ſilk, the lb. 24. ounces
Silk,
Ferret or Floret filk, fillozel, fleave filk,
vocat.
coarſe, the lb. qt. 14 ounces
Raw long filk, the lb. qt. 14 ounces
Raw ſhort filk, and raw Morea filk, the lb.
qt. 24. ounces
Silk ſtockings, the pair
Boradoes of filk, Catalopha, China, damaſk
filk, chamlet, china, grogram, phillofellas,
narrow, tabbies of filk towers, taffaty, the
dozen yards
Silk
Silk grogram narrow, ſilk ſay calunaúcoes and
philloſellas, broad, the dozen yards
4
Silk grograms, broad, caff or damaſk, the do-
zen yards
4
Sattins
Bolonia, Lukes, Jean, and other of like
making, the dozen yards
o 6
Bridges fattin, China and Turkey fattin,
the dozen yards
o 13
Sarcenets
Of Bologna or Florence, the dozen ells o 11
Of China, the dozen ells
Silk
Cypreſs
wrought of filk, broad, the dozen yards ö 01
Of filk, narrow, each 24 yards
Taffaties
Ell broad, each dózen yards
China and Levant, each dozen yards o 이들
​Velvets
China velvet, each dozen yards
All other velvets or pluſhes, each dozen
į yards
6
Cordovant ſkins, the dozen
Skins Goat ſkins in the hair, the dozen
Kid ſkins of all forts, the C. dt. five fcore 3
Smalt, the C. Ib. qt. five ſcore
4
Bonniſpars, the C. qt. five ſcore
Spars
Cantſpars, the C. qt. fix ſcore
Small ſpars, the C. qt. fix ſcore
Dog-ſtones, the laſt
Marble-ftones, the ton
8
Stone's
Mill-ftones, the piece
6
Quern-ſtones, the laſt
Sword-blades, the dozen
(Pipe or hogſhead ſtaves, the thouſand
Staves Barrel ftaves ditto
3
Firkin: ditto
SLong ſteel, wiſp ſteel, and ſuch like, the C.
Steel weight, qt. 112lb.
Gad freely the half barrel
Succada
1
O
0 2
I
O
2
O
I
O
O
I
O
I
I
O
2
I
2
1
I
2
ооооо
I
ооооо
O A OD N
3
2
2
2
2
ton
1
2
I
6
I
Onions { Seed, the us. weight, qt. 112lb.
3
Oranges, the 1000
Orchal, the C. weight, qt. 112lb,
Packthread, the C. qt. five ſcore
OOOO
2
4
1
O

232
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Cochineal, the C. qt. five ſcore
Dying com- ) Indico, the C. qt. five ſcore
modities Wood of all ſorts for dyers, the C. wt.
7
4
qt. 112lb.
1
1
to O OOO
2
O
2
2
Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο
I
0
I
I
HINHIN
20
le
2
o
Fuſtians, Engliſh, each 15 yards
o o
Cloves, mace, nutmegs or cinnamon, the
C. qt. five ſcore
6
Grocery < Pepper or ginger, the C. qt. five ſcore
Raiſins, the piece or frail
0 0
Raiſins of the ſun, the C. wt. qt. 112lb. o
The ton
6
Iron
Lamprones, the thouſand
Lead, the fodder
Saffron the lb.
Salt, the wey
Salt petre, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Silk, raw or thrown, the lb. qt. 16 ounces
Bever kins, the C. qt, five ſcore
6
Badger kins, the C.
gt.
ditto
Coney ſkins, black, ditto
Cat ſkins, ditto
Skins and
Calf ſkins, ditto
Fox ſkins, ditto
6
Furs
Fitches, the timber
Morkin, the C. qt. fix ſcore
Otter ſkins, the C. qt. five ſcore
6
Sheep or lamb, the C. qt. fix ſcore
Squirrel ſkins, the thouſand
Tin or pewter, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Wax, ditto
Wool of all ſorts, ditto
1
6
2
2
2
NNN
2
0
2
O
I
I
2
I
O
O
I
2
O
2
I
2
оооо
O
2
s. d.
Succads, wet or dry, the C. qt. five ſcore
O IO
Syder, the ton
4
Tallow, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
1
With hair, the C. Flemiſh ells, qt fiveſcore o 4
With wool ditto
6
Tapeſtry
With caddas ditto
With filk, the dozen Flemish ells
Tarras, the barrel
Tazells, the thouſand
Tykes of all forts, the tyke
Bridges thread, the dozen fb.
Outnal thread the dozen lb.
Whited brown or piecing thread, the do-
Thread
zen lb.
Siſters thread, the lb.
0 / 들
​Iyons or Paris thread, the bale, qt. C. bolts o 8
Spanish verins, Brazil tobacco, the C. qt.
five ſcore
Tobacco
St. Chriſtopher's tobacco, or the like, the
C. qt, five ſcore
Tow, the C. weight, qt. 112/b.
o o
Tiles, vocat. pantiles, or Flanders tiles, the thouſand o
Wax, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
4
Wainſcot, the C. qt. five ſcore
6
Whale-fins,, the dozen
Wheat, the quarter eight buſhels
Iſland woad, the ton
Woa
Tholouſe woad, the C. qt. 112lb.
Box wood, the thouſand pieces
Brazil or Fernando buck-wood, the C. wt.
qt. 1121b.
3
Brazeletto or Jamaica wood, the C. weight,
Wood
Fuſtic, the C. weight, 112lb.
of 를
​Red or Guinea wood, the C. qt. 1121b
Sipeet-wood of Eaſt-India, the C. wt. qt.
L 1121b.
Beaver wool, the lb.
Cotton wool, the C. qt. five ſcore
3.
Iriſh
Combed, the C. qt. five ſcore
4
Uncombed, the C. qt. 112lb.
Wool
Eftridge wool, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Polonia ditto
French ditto
Lambs ditto
3
Spaniſh ditto
4
Red ditto, the lb.
Wire, vocat. Littin wire; and all other wire, the C. wt. O
Wine eager, the ton
6
Gaſcoyne and French wines, and all other
wines of the growth of the French king's
dominion, the ton
Rheniſh wine, the awm
6
Wines
Muſkadell, and all other wines of the growth
of the Levant, the butt
Sack, Canary, Malaga, Madera, Romney,
baſtard, tent, and Alicant wines, the pipe i
rCable
yarn the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Camel
grogram,, or mohair yarn, the C. qt.
five ſcore lb.
6
Cotton yarn the C. lb. qt. five ſcore
4
Yarn Iriſh yarn, the pack, qc. four C. weight at fix
ſcore lb. to the C.
Raw linen yarn, Dutch or French, the C. lb.
4
Spruce or Muſcovy yarn, the C. wt. qt. 112lb. o
qt. 112lb.
ооо
2
Other merchandize, liquid and dry, that ere not par-
ticularly rated in the above Table, ſhall pay bal-,
liage duties outward by their bulk, as follows :
I
ооо
1
{
A
2
2
I 6
O
3
2
6
O
O
2
so do
Great pack, truſs, or fardel, containing between
fifteen or twenty cloths, or other goods to that
proportion
An ordinary pack, truſs, or fardel, containing in big-
neſs about ten or twelve cloths, or twelve or fourteen
baize, or to the like proportion, in friezes, cottons
or other goods
1
A bale containing three or four cloths, or four or five
baize, or the like proportion in other goods
A great maund or great baſket
8
A ſmall maund or baſket, poize three C. weight. or
under
A hamper or coffer, poize two C. wt. or under
A but or pipe
A hogſhead or puncheon
A barrer
A firkin
A dry fat
8
A drum fat
A bale
6
A great cheſt or great caſe
8
A ſmall cheſt or caſe, poize three C. wt. or under 4
A ſmall box
A great trunk
o 6
A ſmall trunk, poize not above two C. wt.
3
A bag or fack
oth ano of
A feron
barco
o 3
o
1
O
o
o
I
I
O
o 6
O
qt. five fore
o
22
The PACKAGE Table of Rates.
All other goods not mentioned in this TABLE, ſhall pay, for
ſcavage duties' inward, after the rate of one penny in the
pound, according as they are expreſſed or valued in his
majeſty's late book of Rates. And all other, not ex-
preſſed therein, ſhall pay the ſame rates according to the
true value.
O
ΑΑ
O
The BALLIAGE Duties outwards.
이들
​S. d.
BE
OOOS
punan N O O ON
Rnetto the C. qt. five ſcore
3
Aquavitæ, the hogſhead
4
Argol, white or red, the C. weight, qt. 1121b.
Aſhes
S Aſhes, pot-aſhes, the barrel, qt. two C. wt. O
2 Soap-aſhes, the laſt
Awl-blades for ſhoemakers, the thouſand
Barilla or Saffora, the barrel, qt. two C. weight
Beer, the ton
Birding ſhot-lead, the C, weight qt. 112lb.
Books, the maund
Bottles of glaſs, covered with leather, the dozen
Brimſtone, the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Bruſhes, the dozen
Broken glaſs, the barrel
O
Battons,
O O O NA
I
1
EER, the ton
Canvas, the C. ells, at fix ſcore
Coals, the chaldron
Broad cloth, the piece
Kerſies of all ſorts ditto
Drapery
Perpetuannoes, ditto
o oz
Stuffs, woollen or worſted, the ſingle pce.ooz
Ditto, the double piece
o
Hleb

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
233
I
$0.0 0.0
O and Other O Omot NOOD
{
ООО
Halhallallalla
O
No O O O OOO and O OWN AS ogen
IIIIIIIIII
O
le 맹
​ооо
0 0
I
vocat.
1
I
1
0 0
Wien
1
2
I
o
20
4
2
0 %
1
1
OOOO
2
оооооо
o O, N N
I
si d.
Braſs, ſteel, copper, or lattin buttons, the
Buttons,
great grofs, qt. twelve ſmall groſs
Hair buttons, the great groſs
vocat,
Silk buttons, ditto
Thread buttons, ditto
Buckweed, the quarter
Buckrams of all forts, the dozen pieces
Caps for ſailors, Monmouth and others, the dozen
Canary feed; the buſhel
Cloaks, old, the piece
Copperas, the C. weight qt. 112lb.
Cochineal { Of all other
forts the lb.
Silveſter or Campecha, the lb.
Cobweb lawns, each 15 yards
Aſſafetida, gum armoniac; gum lack, bli-
banum, and faſſafras wood, the C. qt.
five ſcore
6
Drugs, Caſſia Fiſtula, the C. qt. ditto
Caffia Lignea, the C. Ib. ditto
8
Cubebs, the C. ditto
6
Rhubarb, the lb.
Scamony, ditto
Elephants teeth, the C. qt. five ſcore
4
Eftridge, alias Oſtrich feathers, the lb. undreſt
Fileing of iron, called ſwarf, the barrel
Flaſks of horn, the dozen
Flax dreſt, the C. weight qt. 1121b.
Flax undreft, ditto
Frankincenſe, ditto.
1
Herrings full or ſhotten, the laſt
o 6
Fiſh
Stock-fiſh of all forts, the laſt
6
Engliſh Million, the piece, qto two half
Fuſtians pieces of 15 yards the piece
Venetian, Englih make, each 15 yards
Gauls the C. weight, qt. 112lb.
Glue, ditto!
Glovers clipping, the maund or baſket
o
Scarlet powder, and of Sevil in berries, and
Grains grain of Portugal or Rotta, the C. lb, 6
Grain French or Guiney, the C. lb.
4
Of cloves, the C. wt. qt. five ſcore
4
Of almonds, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
Garble Of ginger, the C. lb. qt. five ſcore
Of inace, ditto
9
Of
3
Buck leather, the dozen pair
Gloves with ſilk fringe and faced with taf-
Gloves faty, the dozen pair
Gloves lined with coney or lamb.ſkins, or
plain, the dozen pair
ç Almonds, the C. wt. qt. 1121b.
Anniſeeds, ditto
Cloves, the C. wt. qt. five ſcore
Currants, the C. Wt: qt. 112lb.
Dates, ditto
4
07 / 를
​Ginger, the C. wt. qt. five ſcore
Liquoriſh, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
Grocery, Mace, the C. Ib. qt. five ſcore
6
vocat Nutmegs, ditto
Prunes the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
Raiſins, great and Malaga, the C. wt. qt.
112lb.
Raiſins of the fun, ditto
Sugar candy, ditto 1262
Sugar of St Thome and Pennellis, ditto o
3
Sugar of all forts, ditto
6
Cinnamon, the C. lb. qt. five ſcore
Hemp, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
Bever hats, the piece
Hats
Demi-caſters, ditto
Felt hats plain, the dozen
Ditto lined and faced, the dozen
Coney hair, the C. qt. five ſcore
4
Hair Hair of goats or kids, the C. wt. qt. five ſcore o
Ox or cow tail hair, the Ct. wt. qt. 112lb.
Ink-horns, the ſmall groſs, qt. i 2 dozen
Horns Horns of lanthorn, 1000 leaves
Tips of horns, the 1000
Hops, the Ĉ. Wt. qt. 112lb.
Indico of all ſorts, the C. lb. qt. five ſcore
Indico duſt, ditto
6
India hides, the C. ditto
6
Iriſh
rugs,
the piece
O O O O O O ON
Iron, the ton, unwrought
6
Iron wrought, the Ci wt.
Iron ſpurs, the dozen pair
Ivory combs, the dozen lb.
London knives ordinary, the ſmall groſs
3
Knives Sheffield knives, ditto
Shoemaker's paring knives, ditto
O
Lace Bone-lace of thread, the dozen yards
Silk-lace the lb. qt. 16 ounces
Lamparnes, the thouſand
Lead, the fodder
Lemons pickled, the pipe
Lemon juice, ditto
Linſeed, the quarter
Callicoe, the piece
Cambricks, two half pieces; 13 ells
Damaſk for tabling of all ſorts, the doz. yds, o
Damaſk for towelling and napkening of all
forts the doz. yards
o o
Diaper of all forts, for tabling, the doz. yards o
Diaper for towelling and napkening of all
forts, the dozen yards
Lawns, the piece, qt: 13 ells
Linnen Linnen cloth, called Brabant, Embden, Fle-
mifh frieze, Kentiſh holland, Ifingham
Overifilis and Rows cloth, each 30 ells
French or Normandy canvas, the C. ells, qt.
fix ſcore
o 3
Dutch barras, Heſſians and Vittry canvas the
C. ells, qt: fix ſcore
Canvas tufted, ſtriped or quilted with copper,
filk, or thread, or ſuch like, the piece, qt.
15 yards
Linnen Ihreads the maund
Madder; all but mull madder, the C. wt. qt. 112lb. o
Melaſſes, the hogſhead
Mufard feed, the C. wt.qt. 1121b
Chair nails, brafs or copper, the thouſand
Nails Copper nails, roſe nails, and faddle nails,
the ſum qt. ten thouſand
of
Oaker, red or yellow, the C. wt. qt. 1121b.
Onion-feed, ditto
4
Orchal, ditto
Ox-bones, the thouſand
Ox-guts, the barrel
Sevelle, Majorca, Minorca, Provence, Portu-
Oils
gal, linſeed, or rape oil, the ton
Train or whale oil, dicto
8
Oſtrich feathers. See Eſtridge
Paper, printed or copy paper, the C. reams, qt. five
fcore
6
Pewtér, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
04
Rape ſeed, the quarter
Rape cakes, the thouſand
Red lead, the C. wt, qt. 1121b.
Red earth, ditto
Rice, ditto
Rofin the ton
Saffron, thélb.
Salt, the weigh
Salt-petre, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
Seamorſe teeth, the C. wt. qt. five ſcore
Sea coals, the chaldron
4
Childrens ſtockings, the dozen pair
Kerſey or leather ſtockings, ditto
Stockings Silk ſtockings the pair
Worſted ſtockings the dozen pair
Woollen knit ftockings, ditto
Shumack, the C. wt. qu. 112lb.
Badger ſkins, the C. qt, five ſcore
Bever ſkins, ditto
6
Cat ſkins. ditto
4
Calf kins, ditto
Coney ſkins, grey, tawed, ſeaſoned or ſtag,
the C. qt. fix ſcore
Elk ſkins, the piece
o 02
Skins and
Fitches, the timber
Furs
Fox ſkin, the C. qt. five fcore
Jennet ſkins, black, ſeaſoned or raw o o
Kid ſkins, the C. qto five ſcore
Lamb ſkins, tawed or in the oil, the C.
.
06
Morkins, tawed or raw, the C.qt. fix
(core
o 4
Ninn
Otter
оооооо
No to look
pepper, ditto
I
I
o
2
I
3
O O O O O O
O
Figs, ditto
1
I
2
O O O O
Ο ΙΟ
ооооо
2
I
2
OON
8
someo aaoN WOO AAN- Now Oo News
o
Hleme
оооооо
1
2
Oohin problem o
20

234
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
6
2
Furs
O
O
I
3
2
2
оо
I
8
4
6
Of Kerſey or flannel, the dozen
Of woollen knit, ditto
Waiſtcoats Of worſted ditto, the piece
Wrought with cruel, the piece
With ſilk
Cotton wool, the C. qt. five ſcore
Wool
Eftridge wool, the C. wt. qt. 1121b,
French, ditto
Spaniſh, dito
Worm ſeed, the C.qt. five ſcore
Box wood, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
Brazil, ditto
Wood Ebony, ditto
Fuſtick, ditto
Red, ditto
French wines, of all ſorts, the ton
Muſkadels and wines of the Levant the butto
Wines
Sack, Canary, Madera, Romneys, and Hul-
lock, the butt or pipe
Cotton yarn, the C. qt. five ſcore
Grogram, or mohair
yarn,
ditto
Raw linnen yarn, of all ſorts, the C. wt. qt. five ſcore o
O
22
3
I
2
son tres parties
O
I
2
8
6
O
2
2
6
4
6
I
I
ооо
I
4
02
оо
2
2
All other goods, not mentioned in this TABLE ſhall pay for
package duties, after the rate of one penny in the pound,
according as they are expreſſed or valued in his majeſty's
late book of Rates: and all other not expreſſed therein
ſhall pay the ſame rate, according to their value.
For every eniry in the Packer's book, for writing bills
to each entry outward, as uſually they have done I
The ſtrangers ſhall pay the labouring porters for making up
their goods at their own charge, as always they have done.
The ſtrangers ſhall pay the water-fide porter, belonging to
the package office, ſuch fees and duties, for landing and ſhip-
ping their goods, as they have uſually paid within theſe ten
years
laſt paft. [i. e. from and before the 16 Car. I.]
o
I
o
O
NO Nm
o
s. d.
Otter ſkins, the C. qt. five ſcore
five ſcoreo
8
Rabbit ſkins, ditto
Skins and
O
Sheep ſkins, the C. qt. fix ſcore
6
Sheep pelts, the C. gr. five ſcore
3
Squirrel ſkins, the thouſand
o 3
Silk of all ſorts, raw, the lb. of 16 ounces
Silk nubs, or huſks of filk, the C. Ib. qt. 21 ounces to
a pound
4
Silk Engliſh thrown, the lb. qt. 16 ounces
Silver, vocat. Quick-ſilver, the C. qt. five ſcore
Slip, the barrel
Buffins, the piece broad, qt. 14 yards
Ditto, narrow
Bridgewaters, the piece
Carral, ditto
Cametians, the piece, qt. 25 yards
Camblets, or grograms, the piece, qt. about
2.14 or 15 yards
Damaſellours, or damafins, the piece
Durance, ditto
Dimity, each 30 yards
Floramedas, the piece
Fugaratoes, ditto
Hangings, of Briſtol, or ſtriped ſtuff, the
piece
4
Stuffs,
Lindſey-woolſey, the piece
1
Liles, the piece broad or narrow, not above
vocat.
15 yards
Mocadoes, double, the piece, qt. 28 yards 0
Ditto, ſingle or tufted, the piece, qt. 14
yards.
Mohair, the piece, qt. about 15 yards 11
Mefſellawny, the piece, qt. about 30 yards o
Perpetuaroes, the piece eſl broad
21
Paragon or paropas, the piece
Piramides or maramuffe, the piece, narrow I
Ditto broad
Raſhes, of all ſorts, the piece, qt. 24 yards o
Sayes, hounſcot or mild, the piece
3
Ditto, of all forts
o 21
Serges, double the piece, yard broad, qt. 24
yards
3
Hard caſtle, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
The barrel
3
Spectacles, without caſes, the grofs, qt. 12 dozen
Succads, wet or dry, the C. Ib. qt. five ſcore
Tallow, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
With hair, the C. Hemiſh ells, qt. five
ſcore
4
Tapeſtry With wool, ditto
6
With caddas, ditto
With ſilk, the dozen flemish ells
Taffaty, ell broad the dozen yards
Taffaty Silk taffaty, broad, ditto
Ditto, narrow
Thread, white, brown, or coloured, ditto
Thread points, the great groſs
o
Tiffany, each dozen yards
Tobacco Samall other forts, ditto
Spaniſh tobacco, the C. qt. five ſcore
6
S Tin, unwrought, the C. wt. qt. 112lb.
32
Tin
4
Velures
Ş Engliſh the ſingle piece
Ditto double
Vinegar of wine, the ton
21 /
Wax
Engliſh wax, the C. wt. qt. 1121b.
4
{. .
8
rBaize ſingle, the piece
Double, ditto
4
Minikin baize, the piece
6
Broad cloth, the ſhort piece, qt. 24 yards o
Woollen
Broad cloth, the long piece, qt: 32 yards o
Cotton, of all ſorts, the C. goads
Devonſhire dozens the piece
Fizadoes, the piece
Kerfies, of all ſorts, the piece
Lifts of cloth, the 1000 yards
Northern dozens, the ſingle piece
Drapery Ditto, double piece
vocat.
Penny-ſtones, the piece
Spaniſh cloth, Engliſh making, each 20
yards
06
o
Fees taken by the PACKERS and water-ſide porters
for landing and ſhipping out the goods of ſtran-
gers.
Soap {
d.
Dell OO OWN
оооо
F
4
8
o
4
ооноо
4
6
2
2
1
2
8
8
4
2
1
I
1
I
I
I
1
2
2
.
TO ONNEN - OOM nn maan toon to 00 -
2
2
OR a butt of currants
A carratel of ditto
A quarter roll of ditto
A bag ditto
Pieces of raiſins, the ton
A barrel of raiſins
All ſorts of puncheons
A barrel of figs
Tapners and frails of figs, per ton
Brazil, or other wood for dying, per ton
Iron, the ton
Copperas, ditto
Oil, wine, or vinegar, ditto
Hemp and flax, the laſt
Looſe flax and tow, the C. wt.
A great bag of tow
A ſmall ditto
A
great bag of hops
A packet or little bag of hops
Packs, truffes, flats, or maunds, per piece
A
great
cheft
A ſmall ditto
All caſes, barrels, or bales, per piece
A bale of madder
A bale of ginger, ſhumack, qt. 400 wt.
A faggot of ſteel
Any ſerrions, the piece
A fat of pot aſhes
A laſt of ſoap aſhes
SEE
A laſt of pitch or tar
A laſt of fiſh
Wainſcots, the C. qt. fix ſcore
Clap boards, ditto
Deal boards, ditto
A great mast
A middle ditto
A ſmall ditto
Great balks, the C. qt. fix icore
Middle ditto
S +6 + ++ +5 + 60 68 8 8 8 8 8 8 +8 + 06 60 = 65 66 = + c o o o o +60 cm 6
2
8
8
6
4
8
1
3
1
ооооо
Now ON
6
4
pod numerem NA LAN
2 6
3
50
26
Small

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
235
1
5
2
2
O
MOOOOOOO
66
I
I
I
1
2
I
O
2
6
6
2
5
O
6
4.
9
6
8
2
I
I
3
2
O
2
4
ters.
OOOO + Opel MNOOO
66
ооооо
1
I
I
6
I
06
I
1
3
4
I
Small ditto
The contents of which petition were as follows:
A mill-fone
A dog-fone
“ Moſt gracious fovereign,
A wolf-ſtone
“ Being moved with the duty and obedience,
A yard-ſtone
56 which by the laws your petitioners owe unto
A grindle-flone
A ſtep-ſtone or grave-ſtone
your facred majeſty, they humbly preſent unto
Quern-ſtones, the laſt
your princely and pious wiſdom, the ſeveral
Emery-ftones, the ton
“ preſſing grievances following, viz.
Ten C. wt. of Holland cheeſe
is 1. The preſſing and unuſual impoſitions up-
Roſin, the ton
Woad, ditto
“ on merchandize, importing and exporting, and
A cheſt of ſugar
co the urging and levying of ſhip-money, not-
Half wainſcots, the C. qt. fix ſcore
“ withſtanding both which, merchants ſhips and
Raw hides, the C. wt. five ſcore
goods have been taken and deſtroyed both by
Bonniſpars, the C. qt. fix ſcore
66 Turkiſh and other pirates.
Small fpars, ditto
Ends of bonniſpars, ditto
2. The multitude of monopolies, patents,
A horſe, gelding, or mare
" and warrants, whereby trade in the city, and
Allom, the ton
" other parts of the kingdom is much deſtroyed.
Heath for bruſhes, the C. wt. qt. 1121b.
Iron pots, the dozen
3. The ſundry innovations in matters of re-
Rings of wier looſe, the ring
ligion.
Pipes-ſtaves, the thouſand
4. The oath and canons lately enjoined by
Rheniſh wine, the awm
66 the late convocation, whereby your petition-
Bur-ſtones, the C. qt. five ſcore
Half packs of tazels, the piece
“ ers are in danger to be deprived of their miniſ-
Wicker bottles, the dozen
Stone, the C. qt. five ſcore
5. The great concourſe of papiſts, and their
Looſe fith, the C. landing
" inhabitations in London, and the ſuburbs,
A barrel of ſalmon
Dittto of ſtub ells
whereby they have more means and opportu-
A bundle of baſket rods
" nity of plotting and executing their deſigns
A ton of cork
againſt the religion eſtabliſhed.
A thouſand ox bones
“ 6. The ſeldom calling, and ſudden diſfolu-
Ditto tips of horns
Ditto of ſhank bones
« tions of parliaments, without the redreſs of
Brimſtone, the ton, looſe
grievances.
A fodder of lead
7. The impriſonment of divers citizens for
Rims for fieves, the load
non-payment of ſhip-money, and impoſitions ;
A load of fan's
A load of bulruſhes
" and the proſecution of many others in the ſtar-
A C. ream of paper, looſe
" chamber, for not conforming themſelves to
A barrel of tarras
- committees in patents of monopolies, whereby
Ditto of ling
s trade is reſtrained.
A keg of ſturgeon
Iron backs of chimneys, the piece
“ 8. The great danger your ſacred perſon is
A C. wt. of elephants teeth
expoſed unto in the preſent war, and the va-
Copper and iron plates, per piece
66 rious fears that ſeized upon your petitioners
A hundred ſmall barrels of blacking
and their families by reaſon thereof; which
A dozen of ſcales
A hundred of oars
“ grievances and fears have occaſioned ſo great
Every twenty ſugar flags
a ſtop and diſtraction in trade, that your peti-
A barrel of ſhot
« tioners can neither buy, ſell, receive or pay as
A bundle of canes
formerly, and tends to the utter ruin of the
A cage of quails
Ditto of pheaſants
" inhabitants of this city; the decay of naviga-
A winch of cable yarn
- tion, and clothing, and the manufactures of
A firkin of ſhot
" this kingdom.
“ Your humble petitioners conceiving, that
All other goods not mentioned in this TABLE ſhall
pay
portage duties, as other goods do of like bulk or condition " the ſaid grievances are contrary to the laws of
herein expreſſed.
" this kingdom, and finding by experience, that
as they are not redreſſed by the ordinary courſe
The Scots having defeated the king's army at “ of juſtice, do therefore moſt humbly beſeech
Newburn, immediately took poffeſfion of New your moſt ſacred majeſty, to cauſe a parlia-
caſtle upon Tyne. This greatly alarmed the ci ment to be ſummoned with all convenient
tizens, fearing they ſhould be deprived of the “ ſpeed, whereby they may be relieved in the
uſual and neceffary ſupply of coals from thence.
" premiſes.
But theſe apprehenſions were foon laid aſide by 6. And your petitioners and loyal ſubjects
a letter ſent from the Scotch commanders to the
« ſhall ever pray, &c.
city magiſtrates, in which they promiſed not to
ſtop the free traffic of coals in the river Tyne, By this petition the miniſtry foreſaw. the fatal
and declared themſelves friends to the liberties of conſequences which muſt inevitably ariſe to them-
England.
felves ſhould it be carried into execution: they
The Lord-mayor and citizens not finding the therefore ſent a letter to the Lord.mayor and al-
miniſtry had any intention of removing their dermen, ſignifying that ſuch a petition was very
grievances, drew up a petition to his majeſty to dangerous, and unwarranted by the charters and
call a new parliament, and to redreſs the many cuſtoms of the city, and that it was unneceſſary
impofitions complained of by the whole nation. as his majeſty was already taking the ſaid griev.
оо
1
8
O
N N N = = 0
o
I
6
2
.
4
4
I
4
4
4
2
ances

236
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
ances into conſideration. This, however, had that if he would prevent the Engliſh ſubjects
no effect on the citizens: they ſent the petition, coming to maſs in his houſe, he would not ſend
by a deputation froni che court of aldermen and for them; but if they came, he could neither in
common-council, to his majeſty, who was then conſcience to his religion, nor his maſter's honour,
with his army at York, so
deny them acceſs to their devotions, or protection
This had ſo good an effect, that his majeſty, in to their perſons, while they were with him. His
a letter dated the twenty-fifth of September, pro lordſhip apologized for the rudeneſs of the mob,
miſed them a parliament ſhould be immediately and ordered a ſtrong guard to be placed at the
called to redreſs their grievances; requeſting, at
ambaſſador's houſe, which not only protected
the ſame time, a loan of two hundred thouſand him from farther inſults, but prevented the po-
pounds to enable him to pay his army. Which piſh citizens from frequenting maſs.
ſum the citizens promiſed to advance, on condi No ſooner had this ſtorm ſubſided, than ano-
tion the noblemen - who were with his majeſty ther far more impetuous began : for a diſcovery
would join in the ſecurity.
being made of a deſign to bring the army to
The king, to fulfil his engagement with the London to ſurprize the Tower, and favour the
citizens, fummoned a parliament to meet on the eſcape of the earl of Strafford, the citizens were
third of November at Weſtminſter; when Mr. ſo enraged, that the next day fix thouſand of
alderman Pennington, in the name of the city, them, armed with ſwords, ftaves, and cudgels,
delivered a petition to the houſe of commons, repaired to Weſtminſter, where, poſting them-
with a ſchedule of twenty-eight articles of griev ſelves in the avenues leading to the houſe of
ances annexed. This petition, which was for the lords, they ſtopped all coaches, crying out for
aboliſhment of epiſcopacy, with all its depen- juſtice againſt Strafford; and petitioned the faid
dencies, roots and branches, was ſigned by up houſe, - Foraſmuch as your petitioners under-
wards of fifteen thouſand citizens. And was “ ſtand, that the Tower of London is preſently
thought to be ſtrongly abetted by the Scotch us to receive a garriſon of men, not of the ham-
commiſſioners, who were now arrived in London, " Jets, as uſually they were wont to do; but
and had opened a kirk at Oxford houle, near conſiſting of other perſons, under the com-
London-ſtone, to which many of the citizens re " mand of a captain, a great confident of the
ſorted.
"
" earl of Strafford, which doth increaſe their
The king at this time wanting money, the par fears of the king and kingdom ; and that this
liament applied to the citizens for a loan of one so is done to make way for the eſcape of the earl
hundred thouſand pounds, on the credit and ſe " of Strafford, the grand incendiary: they there-
curity of the ſubſidy bills : but this they abfolute “ fore humbly pray, that inſtant courſe may be
ly refuſed, alledging, that the city were a body “ taken for the diſcovery thereof; and that
not conſtituted for any ſuch purpoſe, nor able to ſpeedy execution of juſtice be done on the ſaid
make laws for the lending of money; and that
- earl."" Theſe riotous proceedings were com-
they could only perſuade, and not compel. A plained of by the lords to the commons; but the
petition was then preſented to the houſe of lords, citizens would not diſperſe till they ſaw the pro-
ſigned by twenty thouſand citizens, to haften teftation of both houſes of parliament for the
the puniſhment of the earl of Strafford, “who," defence of the king and kingdom.
they alledged, “ had counſelled the plundering The next day an order was ſent from the houſe
" of the city, and putting it to fine and ranſom; of commons to the Lord-mayor, ſtrictly enjoin-
sc and had ſaid, that it would never be well, till ing him to diſarm all papiſts under his juriſdiction
" ſome of the aldermen were hanged up, becauſe within the ſpace of three days. And ſoon after
they would not yield to illegal levies of mo another order was ſent from the ſame houſe,
ney.” In this petition they complained that commanding the Lord-mayor and the reſpective
the freedom and fulneſs of trade was ſtill greatly | magiſtrates within the bills of mortality, to uſe
hindered; the affairs of the church remained their beſt endeavours to prevent his majeſty's ſub-
unſettled ; the papiſts tolerated and armed; the jects from frequenting the chapels of popiſh am-
Iriſh army not diſbanded, nor the courts of juf baſſadors.
tice yet reformed ; and humbly prayed that his A conteft aroſe about this time between the
majeſty would redreſs theſe their grievances. Lord-mayor and the commonally, reſpecting the
The citizens not meeting with any redreſs from right of a choice in one of their ſheriffs, which
theſe petitions, the populace were ſo incenſed, the former claimed by a preſcription of three hun-
that on the twenty-ninth of April 1641, a great dred years. The commonalty admitted of the
number of apprentices and others aſſembled be mayor's nominating a perſon proper for that of-
fore the houſe of the Spaniſh ambaſſador, threat fice, but inſiſted that he ſhould not ſerve, unleſs
ehing to pull it down, and even to kill the ambaſ by their approbation. The king was applied to
ſador himſelf for permitting Engliſh papiſts to by the mayor and aldermen to determine this con-
frequent his chapel. To appeaſe this commotion, troverſy, but his majeſty referred it to the houſe
the Lord-mayor immediately repaired to the of lords, who firſt recommended a reconciliation
ambaſſador's, and, with much difficulty, pre and ſettlement, but finding that ineffectual, their
vailed on the mob to diſperſe. After which his lordſhips thought proper (with a falvo on each
lordſhip entering the houſe was deſired by the
miniſter to drop the point of his ſword, ſaying,
« That from this time the commonalty
that he was then in a place where the king of "". ſhall forthwith proceed to the nomination and
Spain, his maſter, had juriſdiction. To which «s election of both their ſheriffs for the year fol .
his lordſhip complying, the ambaſſador told him, lowing, hoping that for the firſt of the two
65 ſheriffs
the fide) to order them
to proceed in the following
manner :

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
237
46
“ ſheriffs they will make choice of that party that
About the ſame time the parliament were in-
was nominated by the Lord-mayor: and their formed of a moſt dreadful conſpiracy by the pa-
" lordſhips do further declare, that this order | piſts in Ireland againſt all proteſtants; and ſo
• ſhall be no way prejudicial to any right or pre little ſenſe had they of pitý or remorſe, that they
rogative claimed by the lords, the mayors of committed the moſt horrid tortures on thoſe who
“ the city of London, for the time being; nor fell in their way; without diſtinction of age or
yet to any right or claim made by the com fex.
mons or citizens in this matter, now in queſtion On this melancholy occaſion the parliament ap-
amongſt them.”
plied to the city for a loan of fifty thouſand
Advice being received from Scotland of an in pounds towards the relief of thoſe who had eſcap-
tended conſpiracy by the papiſts againſt the lives ed their inſatiable fury; which the citizens readily
of many Scotch nobility, the parliament, were foafſenting to, the parliament paſſed an order not
alarmed, that they ſent orders to the Lord-mayor only for ſecuring the money now advanced, but
to place guards in various parts of the city to likewiſe the fifty thouſand pounds they had lent
prevent any bad effects from the ſaine, and that his majeſty for the ſupport of his army in York-
they ſhould continue till his lordſhip received far Thire:
ther directions.
CH A P T E R XXXV.
The king's return from Scotland. His reception by the citizens. The city's petition to parliaa
ment for reformation, and againſt the removal of Sir William Belfour from the lieutenancy
of the Tower. Petition of the apprentices againſt the new lieutenant and the biſhops. Five
members impeached of high-treaſon, but protected by the citizens. A committee appointed by
parliament to hit at Guildhall
. The parliament-houſe protected by the city train-bands. The
Lord-mayor committed to the Tower. The battle of Edge-bill
. The city fortified. Cheap-
fide croſs pulled down. The women petition to parliament. Conſequences thereon. Battle of
Newbury, City clergy petition for redreſs of grievances. The king retires to the Scotch army.
The city lends the parliament two hundred thouſand pounds, &c. &c.
N
Ever perhaps was a prince received with As ſoon as this ſpeech was ended, the proceſſion
greater magnificence or more ſincere
began. His majeſty and the prince of Wales rode
rejoicings from his ſubjects thani king on horſeback; the queen, duke of York, princeſs
Charles I. at his return through the city of London Mary, the prince elector and the dutcheſs of Rich-
from Scotland; as a teſtimony of which the follow mond remained in the coach. They entered the
ing is part of the recorder's ſpeech to his majeſty || city at Moorgate, and proceeded along London-
on the occaſion: “I can truly ſay this from a re wall, through Biſhopſgate-ſtreet, Cornhill, and ſo
preſentative body of your city, from whence I to Guildhall, where they were moſt fumptuouſly
“ have my warrant; they meet you with as much entertained by the Lord-mayor and aldermen.
66 love and affection as ever citizens of London After this refreſhment the proceſſion was reſumed,
met with any of your royal progenitors, king or || and the Lord-mayor conducted his majeſty in the
queen of this kingdom ; and with as hearcy || moſt pompous manner to Whitehall; for which, do
a deſire to Thew it fully, &c.” To which his parting, the king embraced the mayor, thanked
majeſty anſwered, “ I thank my citizens of Lon him, and charged him, that in his name the whole
“ don for their love ; and now I ſee that all theſe || city might be thanked. His lordſhip gave infor-
" tumults and diſorders have only riſen from the mation of this meſſage from his ríiajeſty to' a
meaner fort of people ; and that the affections court of common-council for that purpoſe : ac
" of the better and main part of the city have which the recorder having alſo informed them of
ever been loyal and affectionate to my perſon || his ſpeech, in the name of the citizens made to
66 and government. And it comforts me to ſee his majeſty, and the king's anſwer thereto, they
" that all thoſe miſreports that have been made were ſo pleaſed, that they made an order for the
“ of me in my abſence, have not the leaſt power || recorder, and a committee of aldermèn and com-
6 to do me prejudice in your opinion, as may be moners to attend his majeſty with their moſt
eaſily ſeen in this day's expreſſions of joy.” His humble thanks for his great and friendly favours
majeſty then continued with a promiſe to reſtore to the city. His majeſty received this addreſs with
the citizens to their property in the Iriſh eſtate of great pleaſure and fair promiſes in favour of the
Londonderry, and to govern them according to city ; created the Lord-mayor a baronet, dub-
the laws of this kingdom, by maintaining and bed all the aldermen attending with the order of
protecting the true proteſtant religion, as by law | knighthood, and cauſed the whole committee, in
eſtabliſhed.
his name, to be elegantly entertained by the earl of
Ooo
Dorfet
CC
20

238
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Dorſet, who honoured them with his preſence at pafling to Weſtminſter, that he imprudently
dinner.
ſeized one of the moſt active in the mob: but the
Notwithſtanding theſe reciprocal profeſſions of populace ſo far payed that regard to his cloth
love between prince and ſubject, yet ſo unſearch and dignity, that after reſcuing their comrade,
able are the ſecrets of the human heart, that on and dinning his ears with No biſhop, no biſhop,
the eleventh of December, Mr. Fookes, attend they permitted him to depart.
One captain
ed by cwo hundred merchants and others, pre Hyde, with ſome of his friends, being fired with
ſented to the houſe of commons a petition ſigned indignation at ſuch treatment of a biſhop, was
by twenty thouſand citizens, complaining of the ſtill more imprudent; for he drew his ſword, and
growth of popery, and praying the ſaid houſe, threatened to cut the throats of thoſe round-
that they would take ſpeedy and effectual means headed dogs who bawled againſt the biſhops.
to deliver the city and nation from the danger of For which he was ſeized by the apprentices and
being ſurprized by their bloody hands, from the carried before the houſe of commons, who not
obſtructions they cauſed in the trade of this city only immediately committed him to priſon, but
and kingdon, and for immediate reformation in rendered him incapable of ever ſerving his ma-
religion. This petition was inſcribed, “ The | jeſty after.
“ humble petition of the aldermen, common Colonel Lunsford going to Weſtminſter the
" council-men, ſubſidy-men, and other inhabi ſame day, as imprudently drew his ſword, on
“ tants of the city of London and ſuburbs there which a ſcuffle enſued, and many perſons were
ss of.” Another petition of the like nature was wounded. This commotion ſoon reaching the
preſented the ſame day by the city apprentices. city, the Lord-mayor and ſheriffs took ſuch pre-
On the twenty-third of the ſame month his ma cautions as prevented any conſiderable number
jeſty having diſcharged Sir William Belfour, a getting out of the city gates. After which his
Scotchman, from the lieutenancy of the Tower lordſhip patroled the ſtreets all night with a ſuf-
of London, appointed colonel Lunsford, a perſon ficient guard, and in the morning raiſed the
obnoxious to the houſe of commons, to ſucceed trained bands to keep the city peaceable and quier.
him. This ſo offended the Londoners, who This occaſioned his majeſty to ſend a meſſage to
looked on him as a very bad man, that they drew be read in the common.council of the city of
up a petition in the name of the common-council London, commanding them to preſerve the peace
nen, and others of the city of London to the fol of the city, and concluding in theſe words :
lowing effect ; " Whereas the petitioners are in « We do deſire them (the Londoners) not to be
“ formed that Sir William Belfour, a perſon of “ diſturbed by any jealouſies that ill-affected
" honour and truſt, is diſplaced from the office people may endeavour to fow, but to reſt moſt
66 of lieutenant of the Tower of London, and c6 confident and affured, that the ſafety, protec-
“ the ſame place is beſtowed upon colonel Lunf. « tion, and proſperity of the city ſhall ever be
“ ford, a man outlawed, and moſt notorious for with us a principal care.”
outrages, and therefore fit for any dangerous The connection between the Londoners and
attempt; the pecitioners are therefore ſo alarm parliament was ſo ſtrong, that they reſented every
“ ed at this proceeding, that they cannot reſt till affront or oppoſition made by the court to the
" they have diſcharged their duty in repreſenting
houſe of commons. Nor had they yet thrown
of the ſame to this honourable houſe. May it off their affection for the king, till his majeſty
" therefore pleaſe this honourable aſſembly to being moſt imprudently and wickedly adviſed to
s take the premiſes into ſuch confideration as go with an armed force and take five members
may fecure both the city and kingdom againſt out of the houſe of commons, whom, with lord
" the miſchiefs which may happen, as to your Kimbolton, the attorney-general, by his majef-
great wiſdom ſhall be found moſt fitting, &c.” ty's command, had impeached in the houſe of
This petition occafioned the commons to re lords of high treaſon, the citizens not only gave
queſt a conference with the lords; but the latter thoſe members refuge in the city, but armed
refuſed joining with them to addreſs his majeſty themſelves for their protection. By this proceed-
for the removal of Lunsford ; alledging, that || ing, the houſe of commons, not thinking them-
they conceived it would be an infringement on ſelves ſafe at Weſtminſter, appointed a committee
his majeſty's prerogative. The Lord-mayor, to ſit in the Guildhall of London, to deliberate
however, on the Sunday following waited on the on ſuch things as might be moſt beneficial to the
king at Whitehall, where he repreſented the diſ ſafety of the city and kingdom.
ſatisfaction of the people at the promotion of the His majeſty having miſcarried in his deſign of
ſaid Lunsford, and informed him of a general || fecuring the five members impeached, came into
inſurrection being intended by the citizens in ge the city on the fifth of January to demand the
neral, ſhould Lunsford be continued in the lieu aſſiſtance of the citizens to find them out. On
tenancy of the Tower. On which his majeſty his way thither, the people cried out, in a tu-
was graciouſy pleaſed to remove him from the
multuous manner,
Privileges of parliament !"
ſaid office.
And one of them threw into his majeſty's coach
Before this was publickly known, the citizens a paper, on which was written, “To your tents,
and apprentices who had petitioned againſt Luns "O Iſrael !” for which he was immediately ap-
ford and the biſhops, aſſembled in a large body, prehended and committed to priſon. His majeſty
and proceeded to Weſtminſter, crying out, No being arrived at Guildhall, where the court of
biſhops, no biſhops, no popiſh lords. This ſo common-council, by his order, was aſſembled,
irritated the biſhop of Lincoln, who was then he ſpoke to them as follows:
« Gentlemen,
56
66
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of L ON DO N.
239
66
66
« Gentlemen,
the houſe daily. And for the more effectually fe-
* I come to demand ſuch perſons as I have curing the ſtores in the Tower of London, the
6 already accuſed of high treaſon, and do be ſheriffs were ordered to place a ſufficient guard
56 lieve are ſhrowded in the city. I hope no good
round it both by land and water.
man will keep them from me; their offences The ſervice of the militia was ſo well approved
are treaſon and miſdemeanours of an high na of by the houſe of commons, that they took them
ture. I deſire your loving aſſiſtance herein, out of the power of the Lord-mayor, whom they
" that they may be brought to a legal trial. found to be under influence of the court, and or-
And whereas there are divers fufpicions dained, “ that the perfons entruſted with the or-
" raiſed that I am a favourer of the popiſh reli " dering of the militia of London, ſhould have
gion, I do profeſs, in the name of a king, power to draw the trained-bands of the city into
46 that I did and ever will, and that to the utmoſt " ſuch uſual and convenient places, within three
6 of my power, be a proſecutor of all ſuch as “ miles of the ſaid city, as to them from time to
« ſhall any ways oppoſe the laws and ſtatutes “ time ſhould ſeem meet, for the training and
c of this kingdom, either papiſts or feparatiſts ; " exerciſing of the foldiers; and that the ſaid fol-
" and not only fo, but I will maintain and defend “ diers, upon ſummons, ſhould from time to time
" that true proteſtant religion which my father appear, and not depart from their colours with-
s did profeſs, and I will continue in it during out the conſent of their officers, as they would
66 life.”
“ anſwer their contempt to the parliament."
In the year 1642 his majeſty, being informed
After this his majeſty dined with one of the that the parliament had applied to the city for
Sheriffs, and returned to Whitehall without any large ſupplies of men and money, ſent a letter
farther diſturbance from the populace.
to the Lord-mayor, commanding him and the
The citizens, however, neither approving of
citizens of London not to lend or contribute the
the demand nor declaration, drew up an anſwer faid ſupplies to the parliament, under the penalty
by way of remonftrance from the mayor, alder of his diſpleaſure, and the forfeiture of their
men, and common council of the city of Lon charters. The parliament, in confequence of this
don. In which, after repreſenting their fears and made a declaration, juſtifying their demands, and
danger, by reaſon of the prevailing progreſs of || promiſing protection and fecurity to thoſe who
the rebels in Ireland, fermented and acted by the ſhould contribute to their aſſiſtance, And, as an
papiſts and their adherents; the throwing out example of their power and authority, they com-
people of truſt and honour from the lieutenancy mitted Sir Richard Gurney, Lord-mayor, to the
of the Tower, and the preparations there lately Tower of London, for cauſing his majeſty's com-
made ; the fortifying of Whitehall, in an un miſſion of array to be proclaimed in divers parts
uſual manner, with men and ammunition; and of the city ; and preferred ſeveral articles of im-
the drawing ſwords and wounding many cititizens peachment againſt him: for which he was, by the
that were unarmed in Weſtminſter-hall, they con ſentence of the peers, not only diveſted of the
clude as follows: “ The petitioners therefore office of mayor, but likewife rendered for ever
“ moſt humbly pray your moſt facred majeſty, || incapable of bearing any office or receiving fur-
" that, by the advice of your great council in ther honour; and alſo to remain a priſoner in
- parliament, the proteſtants in Ireland may be the Tower of London during their lordſhip's
“ ſpeedily relieved; the Tower put into the pleaſure.
6 hands of perſons of truſt; that, by removal The king finding himſelf in a condition to face
66 of doubtful and unknown perſons from about his enemies, began his march from Northampton
" Whitehall and Weſtminſter, a known and ap to London with fifteen thouſand men. Of which
“ proved guard may be appointed, for the the parliament receiving information, immediately
ſafety of his majeſty and parliament; and that ordered the London trained bands to be in readi-
" the lord Mandeville, otherwiſe Kimbolton, neſs, and all the paſſages and avenues leading to
ss and the five members of the houſe of com. the city to be fortified with pofts, chains, and
mons, lately accuſed, may not be reſtrained courts of guard. The citizens on this occaſion
" of liberty, or proceeded againſt otherwiſe than were ſo alarmed, that a great nunber of all ranks,
according to privileges of parliament.” ages, and ſexes, applied ſo diligently to work in
His majeſty returned an anſwer to this remon digging and carrying of earth, that their fortifica-
ſtrance, the purport of which gave little ſatisfac tions were ſoon accompliſhed.
faction to the citizens.
The earl of Effex, by an expreſs order from
The grand committee appointed by the houſe the parliament, haftening his march after the king,
of commons to fit in Guildhall, finding great in both armies met at Edge-hill on the twenty-third
conveniences from the city buſineſs, adjourned to of October, and fought a moft terrible battle in
Grocer's-hall, where they conſulted meaſures for which much blood was ſpilt on both ſides; and
their ſafe return to Weſtminſter on the Tuefday each army claimed the honour of victory. His
following. On which day they, with the lord majeſty, however, was ſo far diſabled from pro-
Kimbolton, and the five members of the houfe || ceeding to London, that he was obliged to retreat
of commons above mentioned, went by water,
to Oxford.
well guarded by a thouſand ſailors in boats, and The parliament fearing the bad conſequences
were received at Weſtminſter by the London that might ariſe from any inſinuations of advan-
trained bands. After which the houſe of com tage gained over their forces by the royaliſts, de-
mons ordered, that, for their ſecurity, two com puted lord Wharton, Mr. Strode, the earl of Pem-
panies of the ſaid trained bands ſhould attend broke, the earl of Holland, and the lord Say to
repreſent

240
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
6.6
56
66
repreſent the iſſue of this battle in the moſt fa The earl of Pembroke producing an intercept-
vourable circumſtances, and to ſpirit up the citi ed letter to the earl of Cumberland, general of
zens to a more vigorous oppofition to the king's his majeſty's forces, whereby it appeared, that
forces. Theſe lords of parliament went to Guild his majeſty was preparing to march to London,
hall on the the 27th of October for this purpoſe; addreſſed the Lord-mayor, &c. Gentlemen, you
and lord Wharton, who incroduced the matter, a " have Mewed yourſelves like brave and noble
mong other things, ſaid, to the Lord-mayor, al s citizens; you have done it with that nobleneſs,
dermen, common-council, &c.“ Gentlemen, I “ with that alacrity, with that love co God,
ou fhall tell you the worſt as well as the beſt, that “ king, and parliament, that none of your an-
you may know all, and that, when you have “ ceſtors before you never ſhewed more love, nor
“ known the worſt, you may find it in your judg care, nor zeal, nor performed, that you have
ments, to give the moſt praiſe to God for his s done, better. I have only this to ſay to
mercy, after there was ſo much probability of
you: if the times are ſuch (not that I think
having ſuch an ill ſucceſs. After that we had " there is any great peril in the king's army
“ ſhot two or three pieces of ordnance, they be-
now, for they have told you nothing but truth)
gan for to ſhoot fome of theirs, and truly not yet, when you have ſeen this letter, you will
long after, before there was any near execution, “ find there is very good cauſe for you to crown
" there were three or four of our regiments fairly “ this work, which muſt be by following it with
run away, I ſhall name you the particulars, and 56 the ſame zeal, love, care, and nobleneſs, and
" afterwards name you thoſe that did the extra alacrity, which if you do, you may well
ordinary ſervice, whereof you will find thoſe crown yourſelves with the name of a glorious
ss of this city to have been very extraordinary in city; and none more."
« ftruments. There were, that ran away, Sir The earl of Holland, improving the danger
“ Williain Fairfax's regiment, Sir Henry Cholm threatened in that letter, adds, “ If you
will
leys, and my lord Mandevil's, and, to ſay the “ now conſider how God hath ſhewed you firſt,
plain truth, my own : theſe ran away. Gen " that he kept the firſt blow from you, by deliver-
“tlemen, you ſee by this time I am like to tell
ing of you indeed from ſuch an imminent dan-
you the truth, I hope, of every thing; but ger, as it could not be believed it could have
yet I muſt ſay this, that, tho’ they did fo, “ been recovered, but by himſelf, and by the
yet I hope there will be very convenient power of his hand ; this may give you juſt
" and very good number of them got together encouragement to purſue all things that are
again, that they may ſhew themſelves in bet “ for his glory, and for the defence of your re-
ter condition and better way of ſervice than ligion and his cauſe. I am confident, as you
yet they have done. I hope ſo, and by the “ will do it with thankfulneſs, and duty, and
“ bleſſing of God it may be ſo.” However, con ſincerity to him, ſo in wiſdom and reaſon you
tinues that noble lord, " Upon the cloſe of the “ will (ſeeing what threatnings there are unto
“ day we know it for certain that the beſt regi you) defend yourſelves and families ; nature
ment of the king's was cut off, and the next directs you to it, as well as piety: we only re-
“ his beſt regiment, which was that under my lord " commend this to you, that you may but know
“ of Linſey; and there was, as we conceive (this “ it, and take it into your thoughts, and into
“ I tell you upon information, as we conceive, “ your hearts, and then we are confident your
s and are informed by the countrymen that ſaw “ hearts will be raiſed with ſo much piety, with
" them bury the dead next day, and bring them “ ſo much courage, and with ſo much reſolution,
up into heaps, there was, as is informed and as you will defend yourſelves, and in defend-
66 conceived) about three thouſand of theirs ſlain; “ing yourſelves, defend us, the parliament, and
" and we cannot believe, nor we cannot have any " the kingdom. You may do it, you have
“ information to give us reaſon to believe, that “ power, and we expect it from your affections."
" there were above three hundred of ours flain. The lord Say and Seal then enforced the pre-
• And this was to be obſerved of God's provi miſes in theſe words : 66 My lords and gentlemen,
“ dence in this day's work, that though it began " That little that I have to ſay ſhall not be to fet
« ſo improbably, yet before the cloſe of the night, " forth your approaching danger; but I ſhall
56 which was two hours, (for they began to fight « rather apply myſelf to ſtir up your ſpirits, to
66 indeed but about four o'clock) we had got the encourage you, and to ſettle this opinion in
“ ground that they were upon, we had gotton the you, that, if you be not wanting unto your-
wind, and we do not know, nor by information “ ſelves, which cannot be imagined in this cauſe,
conceive, that there were twenty men of ours you will have no cauſe to fear danger : it can-
" killed by all the king's cannon.
“ not be doubted, by that which you have heard,
Mr. Strode then ſpoke: “ As God did this great " but that theſe malignant miſchievous counſel-
“ work, and we aſcribe to him the honour, ſo “ lors, and theſe men of deſperate fortunes that
you will look upon the perſons by whom he they have gathered to them, and into whoſe
is did it. You have heard when as it was a thou “ hands they have put our king, that their in-
“ fand to one but that we had loſt the day by run “ tentions are, that this rich glorious city ſhould
ning away of the troop of horſe and the four “ be delivered up as a prey, as a reward to them
regiments, and then the general did draw up “ for their treaſon againſt the kingdom and the
“ his own regiment, and then did God begin in “ parliament, and that your lives ſhould ſatisfy
56 them to ſhew his own work. God hath ſhewed " their malice, your wives, your daughters, their
66 himſelf with us ;
be
you but courageous, and 66 luſt, and religion itſelf, the deareſt thing of
65 we never need doubt it ; and ſo we fay all.” 66 all others to us, ſhould be made merchandize
66
CS
66
66
6
66 of,
.

HIS TORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
241
66 bleſs you.
Tin his hand, let him offer himſelf
os of, to invite papiſts, to invite foreigners. Not ſhall come forth, God will go forth with you,
withſtanding their intentions, let no man's heart “ he will fight for you, he will ſave you : but
“ be diſcouraged; you have power enough in “ how ? he will not ſave you without yourſelves.
your hands to bring all this wickedneſs upon “ You may remember what was ſaid, Curſe ye
" their own heads, through God's bleſſing; if " Meroſh, becauſe they came not out to help the
you will uſe your hands, if you will hold them « Lord againſt the mighty. He needs not your
up to ſerve your God, to defend the true re help; but he will uſe your fervice, that he ma
“ ligion of Almighty God, to defend your lives,
And therefore let every man be
to defend this kingdom and the parliament, encouraged; let him ſhew his readineſs, let
you need not fear any thing that can be done “him ſhew his forwardneſs. Remember what
" by this broken army, nor fear thoſe things that « the ſcripture faith, bear, O Iſrael, God is with
are here threatened, nor thoſe things that are you, so long as you are with him: the Lord will
falſly buzzed abroad by a malignant party in “ be with you in this cauſe, for it is his cauſe ;
your city to amaze you : there is no fear of “ but then you muſt ſhew yourſelves ready to be
s danger but in ſecurity, in fitting ſtill; and 56 with him."
" therefore if you will be ſtirred up (as I cannot The parliament now endeavoured, to the ut-
doubt, we cannot imagine but you will) to do moſt of their power, not only to recruit, but
«s that that every man, both by the law of God likewiſe to encreaſe their army; for the better
«c and by the law of nature, in this caſe will be effecting of which they gave great encouragement
« induced to do, through God's bleſſing, you to the city apprentices, who enliſted by an ordi-
ſhall both honour God, maintain the true re nance of parliament which delivered them from
ligion, ſave this kingdom, ſave the parliament, the authority of their maſters, who were com-
" and crown your good beginnings that God hath manded to receive them on their return and dif-
s pleaſed to fhew himſelf unto us in. This is banding from the military ſervice, with a clauſe
now not a time for men to think with them to indemnify the ſaid maſters from any damages
cs felves that they will be in their ſhops, to get a they might ſuſtain by their apprentices being
" little money; this is a time to do that that you
abſent.
“ do in common dangers; let every man take his The common-council, on the twenty-third of
“ willingly to ſerve his God and to maintain true the city, by fortifying the ſame with outworks at
religion : you may remember what God faith certain places. It was likewiſe enacted by the
" by the prophet, My heart is ſet upon thoſe people ſaid common-council
, that all the paſſages and
" that are willing to offer themſelves willingly upon ways leading to the city ſhould be ſhut up, except
the high places : let every man therefore ſhur thoſe entering at Charing-croſs, St. Giles's in the
up his ſhop, let him take his muſket, let him | Fields, St. John's-ſtreet, Shoreditch and White-
offer himſelf readily and willingly, let him not chapel, and that the exterior ends of the ſaid
<< think with himſelf, who ſhall pay me, but ra-
ſtreets ſhould be fortified with breaſt works and
to ther think this, I will come forth to ſave the || turnpikes, muſket-proof; that the ſeveral courts
kingdom, to ſerve my God, to maintain his of guards, and rails at the extreme parts of the
true religion, to ſave the parliament, to ſave || liberty of the city, be fortified with turnpikess
" this noble city: and, when this danger is over muſket-proof; that all the ſheds and buildings
come, I will truſt the ſtate, that they will have || contiguous to London-wall-without be taken
a regard unto whatſoever may be fit, either for down ; and that the city wall, with its bulwarks,
4 my reparation in any loſs, or for my reward. be not only repaired and mounted with artillery,
" Do as you do in common dangers: when but likewiſe that divers new works be added to
" there is a fire, men aſk not who ſhall pay him the ſame at places moſt expoſed. For defraying
" for his day's wages, but every man comes forth the expence of which the common-council' im-
" of his doors, helps to quench the fire, brings || poſed eight fifteenths on the ſeveral wards of the
$6 a bucket if he have one, borrows one of his || city, which was confirmed, on the ſeventh of
“ neighbour if he have not; when the fire is March following, by an ordinance of parliament.
" quenched, then the city will regard to repair In conſequence of this the work was begun
any man that hath ſuffered all day : that do with the greateſt alacrity, and proſecuted with
you; every one bring forth his arms, if he ſuch amazing diſpatch, that an earthen rampart
" have it; if he have it not, let him borrow or wall, with baſtions, redoubts, etc. was in a
arms of his neighbour; or he ſhall be armed ſhort time erected round the cities of London and
tc from the ſtate ; let every man arm himſelf, || Weſtminſter, and Borough of Southwark.
" and arm his apprentices, and come forth with Excluſive of the above expence the parliament
es boldneſs, and with courage, and with chear. || paffed an order for a weekly aſſeſſment through-
« fulneſs; and doubt not but God will aſſiſt you ; out the kingdom, and impoſed the weekly ſum of
" for, though you be concerned in all you have, ten thouſand pounds on the city of London and
yet this is God's cauſe; that ſhould be your its liberties ; notwithſtanding which, ſo great a
encouragement: for they are papiſts, they are ſpirit of oppoſition had the citizens to the king,
“ atheiſts, that come to deſtroy you: they come that they did not think themſelves in the leaſt
• indeed, in the firſt and principal aim they have, || oppreſſed.
to deſtroy religion : papiſts are invited, they In the year 1643, the common-council ordered
66 have commiſſions: are theſe men that ſhould their repreſentatives to apply to parliament for
& defend the proteſtant religion, when they are leave to take down the croſs in Cheapfide, and
e papiſts and recuſants ? therefore, if that you || deſtroy all the ſuperſtitious figures thereon.
Ppp
His
21

242
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
His majeſty finding the Londoners were more The city of Glouceſter, being cloſely beſieged
ſtrongly attached to the parliament, and that his by the king, the committee of trained bands lent
obtaining their friendſhip was impracticable, iſ ſix regiments, one of horle, two of trained bands,
ſued a proclamation, forbidding all commerce and three of auxiliaries, to the relief of the ſaid
with London. On which the common-council, city, which obliged his majeſty to raiſe the fiege.
the day following the date of the ſaid proclama- Theſe forces behaved with ſuch bravery and re-
tion, made an act for raiſing the ſum of fifty ſolution at the battle of Newbury, that they pre-
thouſand pounds by way of loan, on the ſecurity ſerved the army of the Earl of Efex, and con-
of the city ſeal, to be employed in defence of tributed greatly to the ſucceſs of the parliament
the city; and at the ſame time paſſed an order to in their future proceedings; for it diſabled the
move the parliament for an ordinance, to compel || king from any farther attempts to reduce London
all monied men, within the bills of mortality, to to his obedience, and ruined his intereſt among
advance money on this occaſion, in proportion to thoſe who waited the iſſue of a battle, before they
their reſpective abilities.
would declare themſelves, being determined to
A rumour prevailing at this time among the join that ſide which was ſtrongeſt
. This was the
citizens, that the parliament were dipoſed to ac longeſt and moſt deſperate battle during the
commodate matters with the king, the lord-mayor courſe of that unnatural war; for it began about
ſummoned a common-council, who preſented a ſix o'cloek in the morning, and continued till
petition to the houſe of commons, in the ſtrongeſt near eleven at night, with the greateſt obſtinacy
terms, againſt a reconciliation. When his lord on both ſides.
fhip preſented the above petition, he was attended About this time a parliamentary ordinance was
by ſuch a prodigious concourſe of citizens, that publiſhed, that none ſhould elect, or be elected
many of the members withdrew from the houſe common-councilmen of this city, but ſuch as had
through fear; and thoſe who continued and re taken the covenant lately brought from Scotland.
ceived the petition, requeſted his lordſhip to pre And, on the ad of October, the common-coun-
vent ſuch riotous proceedings for the future. cil, for the better ſecurity of the city by night,
The petition was approved of, and the propofi- appointed one thouſand and ninety-ſeven watch-
tions of peace with the king were rejected. men, to be provided and paid by the ſeveral
This was ſoon after followed by another peti- | wards and precincts of the city and liberties.
tion, intituled, 66 The humble petition of many Although his majeſty had, by his proclama-
civilly-diſpoſed women, inhabiting in the cities tion, iſſued the 17th of October, prohibited all
« of London and Weſtminſter, the ſuburbs, and manner of trade and commerce with the city of
s parts adjacent.” It was carried up on the 9th || London; yet, on the 26th of December follow-
of Auguſt, by fonie thouſands of the meaner forting, matters had been ſo contrived to bring about
of women, with white ribbons in their hats. The a treaty of reconciliation, that the king wrote a
purport of their petition was, “ That God's letter for that purpoſe, directed to the Lord-
« glory, in the true reformed religion, might be mayor, aldermen, and all other well-affected ſub-
“ preſerved, the juſt prerogatives of king and jects of the city, with an expectation of having
parliament maintained, the true liberties and it read and approved of, in a common-hall to be
properties of the fubject, according to the called for that purpoſe, by the contrivance of Sir
“ known laws of the land, reſtored, and all ho. | Baſil Brook, and others. The parliament re-
s6 nourable ways and means for a ſpeedy peace | ceiving information of this, Sir Bafil, with two
s endeavoured.” The commons, after reading others, were ſecured, and the letter ſeized upon
their petition, returned them for anſwer, that them : after which a committee of eight lords,
they were no enemies to peace, and that they and fixteen commoners, was appointed to attend
hoped, in a ſhort time, to anſwer the ends of the common-hall, where the earl of Northum-
their petition. But this not ſatisfying them, they berland ſpoke fo effe&tually againſt an accommo-
continued about the houſe, and before noon, en dation, that put an end to all hopes of the city
creaſed to upwards of five thouſand ; among being reconciled to the king.
whom were a great number of men dreſſed in In the year 1644, the city ſent out two regi-
their apparel : at their inftigation they went to ments of auxiliaries to join the army under the
the door of the houſe of commons, and loudly command of Sir William Waller, who having re-
exclaimed, “ Peace! peace !” After which they ceived conſiderable reinforcements from other
“Give us thoſe traitors that are againſt || parts, marched in queſt of the royaliſts; when
peace, that we may tear them to pieces. Give | both armies meeting on Cheriton-down, a ſharp
us that dog Pym.” In ſhort, they grew fo and bloody battle enſued, in which the latter were
outrageous, that it was found neceſſary to ſend defeated. In this action, the city forces behaved
for a party of the trained-bands to repreſs their || with the greateſt honour and intrepidity.
fury; but they were ſo little intimidated, that On the ſixteenth of May, the Lord-mayor, al-
they threw brick-batts and ſtones at them, which dermen, and common-council addreſſed the houſe
occaſioned a fire, and many of them being killed of commons, thanking thenı for the great care
and wounded, the reſt foon diſperſed.
they had already taken of them and the public
The common-council enacted, on the 11th of ſafety, and praying for a preſervation of the ſaid
Auguft, that a further ſum of fifty thouſand houſe, for the promoting of the public good. To
pounds be advanced by the city companies ; for which the houſe of commons returned a full and
which, as a ſecurity, they were to have a bond || ſatisfactory anſwer, concluding with a declaration,
from the Lord-mayor and commonalty.
that they would, in a molt peculiar manner, be
mindful
cried out,

HISTORY and SURVer of LON DO N.
243
mindful of thë merit of the city, which, upon cí members of parliament as owe great ſums of
all occaſions, they ſhould acknowledge, and would cc money, and protect divers under them, as fer-
endeavour to requite.
vants, attendants, officers; yea, and their ſer-
The trade of this city, weſtward, by water, be vants. If all this ſhould be exempted from
ing greatly obſtructed by the garriſons of Green “ courſe of law; how many citizens of London,
land and Baſing-houſes, the city ſent out two bri s and other ſubjects of this kingdom, may be
gades of horſe and foot, under the command of 66 undone!" The lords returned them thanks for
colonel Brown, who attacked, and obliged them this teſtimony of their duty and affection ; but
to retire. And the marquis of Newcaſtle, in pof- the independent members of the commons ſhewed
feffion of the coal-trade in the river Tyne, pro a deteftation of this freedom taken by the preſ-
hibited the exportation of coals to London : on byterian faction in the city, to preſcribe laws to
which the parliament iſſued an ordinance for fup the parliament. And the only anſwer they re-
plying the city with turf and peat, with power ceived was, that the houſe, at a proper timez
to the Lord mayor to nominate and appoint per would take the faid remonftrance into conſidera-
ſons to enter into, and dig any quantity of turf tion. In the mean time deſigns were ſet on foot
and peat, in and upon any grounds, except or to raiſe diviſions among the citizens; to which
chards, gardens, and walks.
end, the independents were prevailed on to pre-
The clergy of London being tired of the ſtate ſent a counter
petition, ſigned by many thouſands
of fpiritual anarchy, under which they had ſo of citizens, ſetting forth the power of parliaments;
long laboured, petitioned to parliament for re and the labours and ſucceſſes of the preſent par-
dreſs of their religious grievances : in which they | liament, and praying them to proceed in ma-
faid, “ The orthodox miniſtry is neglected, the naging the affairs of the kingdom, according to
6 people ſeduced, congregations torn afunder, their own beſt wiſdoms, and truſt repoſed in
« families diſtracted, rights and duties of rela them; to puniſh delinquents, and to procure
6 tions, national, civil, and ſpiritual, ſcandalouſly peace; and that they would never, on any pre-
« violated, the power of godlineſs decayed, fear tence whatever, fuffer the free-born people of
- ful confuſion introduced, and imminent de England to be enſlaved, or any other to ſhare
66 ftruction threatened.” This produced an or with the parliament, or to preſcribe to them, in
dinance of parliament for the ordination of mi the government or power of this nation; adding,
niſters, according to a form by them preſcribed, that the petitioners will ſtand by the parliament
with puniſhment for thoſe who ſhould preſume to with their lives and fortunes.
preach, or exerciſe the miniſterial function, not In order to ſatisfy the demands of the Scotch
being ordained according to that form.
army, the city, foon after this, advanced two
In the year 1646, a rumour being ſpread of hundred thouſand pounds to the parliament, at
the king's intending to come privately to Lon eight per cent. on the ſecurity of the excife and
don, the parliament gave orders to ſecure the || biſhops lands. And on the ſixth of April follow-
city againſt all attempts that might be projected ing, they were prevailed on to lend the parliament
by ſuch cavaliers ; and the more ſtrongly to in the ſame ſum for the ſervice of England and Ire=
timidate his majeſty from making any farther at land.
tempt, they paſſed an order, that all papiſts, of All things tending to a' rupture between the
ficers, and ſuch as had borne arms againſt the parliament and the army, the Lord-mayor and
parliament, and ſoldiers of fortune, ſhould de common-council, on the eighth of June 1647.
part the city of London, Weſtminſter, and lines preſented a peticion to the houfe to prevent ſuch
of communication, before the end of the ſixth a dangerous event. Among other things in this
day of April, on the penalty of being proceeded | petition, they expreſſed their earneſt deſire, ' That
againſt as a ſpy.
" according to their allegiance, the covenant and
The Londoners, however, found themſelves " agreement of both nations, his majeſty's royal
miſtaken in their apprehenſions, for his majeſty, perfon might be preſerved, and ſo diſpoſed of,
inſtead of coming to London, proceeded north " that the parliaments of both kingdoms might
ward, and threw himſelf into the power of the “ have free acceſs unto him ; that thereby a right
Scotch army, lying before Newcaſtle, with a re “ underſtanding might be obtained between
ſolution to ſubmit to any conditions that might " them, and this tottering church and kingdom,
be propoſed through the mediation of the Scots, e after all their fears, forrows; and ſufferings,
and fit for a king of England to ſubmit to. Theſe “ might be better enabled to ſend ſpeedy relief
intentions his majeſty communicated to the city « and help to miſerable bleeding Ireland.” But
of London by a letter to the Lord-mayor and al concluding, « As this city, from the beginning
dermen, dated the nineteenth of May,
“ of theſe troubles, had faithfully adhered to the
To ſuch a height were the independent faction
“ parliament, ſo they were reſolved by the bleff-
grown at this time, both in the city and the houſe of God, never to deſert the famé ; but
of commons, that it occaſioned the preſbyterians, “ with the utmoſt of their lives and eſtates, would
who had the greateſt fway in London, to preſent " ſtand and fall, live and die with the parliament
a remonſtrance to both houſes of parliament, " of England, according to their covenant."' An
againſt ſeparate congregations and fedtaries, and ordinance was brought in acccording to the
other grievances: among theſe, mentioned the prayer of the faid petition ; and the fpeaker, by
old complaint againſt protections ; for, ſaid they, command of the houſe, declared to them the true
" It may now become a tenure for life, if this ſenſe the commons had of their conſtant care
“ privilege fhould be ſo made uſe of by ſuch and ſincere affection for the parliament, who are
well
ing

244
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
well aſſured that no viciſſitude whatever could ment; and demanded the chief actors cherein
alienate their duty and love; for which he gave to be delivered up to juſtice." Theſe threats
them the hearty thanks of the houſe.
were backed with his march towards London.
The Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common On advice of which the Lord-mayor ordered the
council, received a letter from the army, en city militia to march to the works of fortification;
camped at Royſton, in Hertfordſhire, dated Ja and immediately iſſued a proclamation, com-
nuary tenth, 1647, and ſigned by Thomas Fair manding all perſons capable of bearing arms to
fax, Oliver Cromwell, &c. in which, after com repair to the place of rendezvous early the next
plaining of falſe ſuggeſtions and miſrepreſenta. | morning.
tions, they ſay, “ The thing we inſiſt upon as After the departure of thoſe parliament-men,
66 Engliſhmen, is a ſettlement of the peace of who were intimidated by the young petitioners,
" the kingdom, and of the liberties of the ſub the remaining members, who were entirely in the
ject, according to the votes and declarations intereſt of the city, voted
“ of parliament."
1. That the king ſhould come to London.
In conſequence of this, both houſes immedi 2. That the committee of the city militia
ately diſpatched letters to the general, deſiring ſhould have full power to raiſe ſuch forces as they
that the army might not advance within twenty ſhould deem requiſite for the defence of the city;
five miles of the city : but the next day intelli and
gence
arrived of the army's nearer approach, and 3. That they make choice of a commander in
that the horſe would certainly be at London the chief, to be approved of by parliament; and ſuch
day following by noon. On which ſtrong guards commander to preſent other officers for the ap-
were immediately placed round the cities of probation of the ſaid committe.
London, Weſtminſter, Borough of Southwark, In conſequence of theſe votes the committee
and places adjacent.
choſe a general, and ordered that all reformado
In the mean time the city, with the approba- || officers, and others, ſhould appear the next day
bation of parliament, returned an anſwer to the in St. James's fields, in order for their being taken
above letter, by the hands of four aldermen and into the city's ſervice, and the perſons already en-
eight commoners, who were empowered to treat rolled to be forthwith formed into regiments.
with the general about a right underſtanding and They likewiſe publiſhed a declaration by found
fair, correſpondence between the city and army. | of trumpet, that the ordinance which put the
In which they requeſted the army not to come
land forces under the command of Sir Thomas
within thirty miles of the metropolis, to prevent Fairfax, did not give him any power over the
the increaſe of the price of victuals, and diſcon trained bands, garriſons, &c. And on the laſt
tented people raiſing tumults. That they deteſted day of July the parliament diſpatched their com-
the very thoughts of engaging the kingdom in a mands to the general of their army, forbidding
new war; but nevertheleſs that they had put their march towards London. And the next day
themſelves into a poſture of defence againſt all the power of the city militia was enforced by an
events; and that they had already recommended ordinance paſſed for that purpoſe.
their caſe to the parliament.
Notwithitanding all precautions were taken,
The citizens of London now became mediators and the greateſt encouragement given to the citi-
between the parliament and the army. And the zens, to oppoſe the army, yet the nearer they ap-
former, which had juſt before been adored by || proached London, the more inclined were the ci-
moſt men, were now become at one time the dupes tizens to receive them. After various debates the
of the army, at another thoſe of the city. This aldermen and common-council ſent a ſubmiſſive
is evident from the inſtability of their proceedings || meſſage to the general, encamped at Colebrook,
at this juncture ; for the army' compelled them who treated them with great haughtineſs, and in-
to reverſe the ordinance of the fourth of May, fifted that thoſe members who had been driven
concerning the city militia, and to make a de away by the young men of London ſhould be
claration againſt ſubſcribing an engagement pro immediately reſtored to their ſeats in parliament.
poſed by the citizens for the defence of their re The city was greatly agitated by this determi-
ligion, property and liberty.
nation of the army; which occaſioned the com-
Soon after the young men of London pre mon-council and commiſſion of the city militia to
ſented a petition to the houſe of commons againſt aſſemble at Guildhall, whither a great number of
their proceedings on the fourth of May; and citizens repaired to wait the reſult of their deli-
keeping open the doors of the houſe, with their berations. In the mean time an expreſs arrived
hats on, they cried out, « Vote, vote; agree, of the army's halting; and the citizens, imagin-
agree ; diſpatch, we'll wait no longer ;” Whilſt || ing this aroſe from a dread of their power, cried
thoſe without inceſſantly exclaimed to have ſuch out, “ let us one and all march out and deſtroy
members delivered to them as voted againſt their “ them; but ſoon after, another expreſs arriving,
intereft. In this manner they continued till the with an account of the army's being in full march
houſe was compelled to repeal both the ordinance to the city, their courage failed, and they inſtantly
and declaration.
changed their tone to " treat, treat, treat.” And
General Fairfax, however, pretending to de the common-council being informed that the in-
fend the parliament from the inſults of thoſe ci. habitants of Southwark had invited general Fair-
tizens, wrote a letter to the Lord-mayor, dated fax, and delivered up the Borough to a party ſent
Bedford, July 29, 1747, in which he ſays, “ Ic by him for that purpoſe, withdrew the militia,
was a prodigious and horrid force done upon and delivered their fortifications to the different
“ parliament, and tending to diffolve all govern. parties ſent from the army for that purpoſe. And
fo

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
245
wark.
ſo great was their timidity on this occaſion, that In the year 1647, on Sunday the tenth of April,
the Lord-mayor and aldermen, in the name of a great mob aſſembled in Moorfields to divert
the citizens, met the general next day at Hyde themſelves at play; but being obſtructed by a
park, with congratulations on his arrival, and the party of trained-bands poſted at Finſbury to ſup-
accommodation between the army and city. He preſs the prophanation of the Lord's-day, they
was ſaluted in the ſame manner by the common fell upon them in the moſt furious manner, feized
council, who waited for him at Charing croſs, all their colours and drums, and compelled them
and ſoon after the city preſented him with a golden to diſperſe. After this, the mob encreaſing
baſon and ewer worth twelve hundred pounds. very faſt, divided themſelves into ſeveral divi-
Notwithſtanding this, he took all meaſures to fions; one of which went to Whitechapel, and
humble the city of London, and to make the ſeized the colours of a captain's company; ano-
citizens, as well as the parliament, ſubſervient ther marched to Smithfield; and the greateſt
to his dictates.
body hurried to Whitehall; after which, being
The parliament at this time wanting money diſperſed by the parliament's troops at the Meuſe,
for the ſervice of the army, demanded a loan of they returned like furies into the city, where,
fifty thouſand pounds from the city, which being being joined by other parties, they drove all be-
rejected, they, at the deſire of the army, demo fore them: they broke open houſes, priſons, and
liſhed the rampart, baſtions, and other works of magazines, carried off arms, plate, money, and
fortification, which incircled the cities of Lon other things of value ; feized the drums belong-
don and Weſtminſter, and Borough of South ing to the trained-bands, which they ufed in beat-
ing up for others to join them; and after form-
The city of London not complying with the || ing themſelves into military order, took poſſeſ-
requeſt of the parliament, in advancing the above ſion of the gates and chains of the city; attacked
ſum, a committee was appointed to enquire into the Lord-mayor's houſe, and, with the loſs of
the late outrageous attempt made on both houſes one man, forced the guard, and carried off a
of parliament, by the London apprentices; when piece of ordnance, by the ufe of which they foon
the Lord-mayor, and four aldermen being im got poſſeſſion of the magazine of arms lodged in
peached of abetting the ſaid tumult, were com Leadenhall. However, early next morning, they
mitted to the Tower.
were attacked by two regiments detached by ge-
The firſt petition made by the army, after this neral Fairfax, who received the fire of the can-
revolution, was adjudged by the commons to be non, by which many ſoldiers were wounded, and
deſtructive of the being of parliaments, and fun one woman killed. The rioters now finding them-
damental laws of the kingdom: on which many ſelves not able to make any farther reſiſtance,
of the petitioners were committed to Newgate, took to their heels, and diſperſed themſelves into
and the Gatehouſe in Weſtminſter. This ſo ir - all parts of the city. The ſoldiers purſued them,
ritated the Londoners, that the week following || and after killing fome, wounding and taking
they attended the houſe with another petition, in others, the gates were opened, and the whole city
much ſtronger terms, reflecting on the proceed became as quiet as before.
ings and partiality of the commons; abruptly The day after this dangerous túmult was fup-
demanding the reaſons for the committment of || preſfed, the common-council met, and reſolved
theſe laſt mentioned petitioners; what their free that the committee of the London militia ſhould
doms were, and the immediate enlargement of attend both houſes of parliament, and, in the
thofe committed for the laſt week's petition. This name of the city, acquaint them with their ur-
was backed by another petition from the con moſt deteſtation and abhorrence of the late vil-
mon-council, to the fame purport, and demand lainous outrage; and humbly to requeſt, that a
ing a redreſs of grievances.
day of thankſgiving might be appointed for the
Such are the viciſſitudes of fortune, and ſuch city's great and wonderful deliverance from ſuch
was the ſituation of the parliament at this time, imminent danger ; and likewiſe to apply for a
that the very people who had before ſupported || ſpecial commiſſion of oyer and terminer, for try-
them, at the hazard of their lives and fortunes, ing the aggreffors concerned in the late deteſtable
now ſcorned, reproached, and deſpiſed them. fedition.
The houfe of commons being informed of a Two days after, the parliament granted their
conſpiracy in the city for raiſing an army, an or requeſt, and at the fame time ordered, that the
dinance was paſſed by both houſes, for obliging || poſts and chains in and about the city ſhould be
all papiſts, officers, foldiers, and others, who had taken down; and that, for the better ſecurity of
carried arms againſt the parliament, or aſiſted the city in future, the garriſon of the Tower
the enemy in the late war, to deparc the city, ſhould conſiſt of one thouſand foot, and one hun-
and all places within twenty miles thereof, in the dred horfe.
ſpace of ſix days, on pain of being apprehended, Soon after this the common-council being in-
and proceeded againſt as traitors. And the more formed of a dangerous conſpiracy intended by
effectually to prevent the carrying on any ſuch ſome officers of the army againſt the city, they
deſign for the future, they paſſed another ordi drew
up, and preſented a petition to both houſes
nance for regulating the choice of common of parliament, ſetting forth the ſaid information
council-men, by which all perfons diſaffected to, and reports, and expreſfing their uneaſineſs at the
or who had appeared in oppoſition to the meaſures late meaſures taken to draw and continue the
and proceedings of parliament, were diſquali army ſo near the city, and to increaſe the number
fied both to be chofen, and to vote, in any city || of foldiers in the Tower ; ať the removing the
election.
poſts and chains, and at the diſuniting of the
Q.99
command
2 E

246
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
command of the forces of the city and the parts chievous deſigns of their enemies. To which
within the late lines of communication, and the the Lord-mayor and common-council anſwered,
weekly bills of mortality ; and praying for re " that as theirs, and the intereſt of both houſes,
dreſs in the ſaid grievances.
were inſeparable, they would, according to
The houſe of commons ſoon after acquainted " their proteſtation, live and die with them."
the Lord-mayor and common-council, that they The parliament were ſo highly pleaſed at the
had received intelligence of a dangerous conſpi conduct of the citizens, that they granted the
racy entered into by the cavaliers, who under an | diſcharge of Mr. Glyn, the recorder, and feven
oath of ſecrecy had enliſted many thouſands of others, from priſon. And a few days after the
horſe and foot with intent to deſtroy the city, par- Lord-mayor and common council receiving a
liament, preſbyterians and independants : and or letter from the Kentiſh male-contents, defiring
dered, that the committee of the London militia aſſiſtance and an aſſociation with them, commu-
ſhould immediately put the ſeveral regiments of nicated the ſame to parliament, which was ſo well
trained bands into a good ſtate of defence; and received, that they not only returned them thanks,
that the city be required to enter into a ſtricter but immediately ordered the diſcharge of three
union with che parliament, for their mutual ſe of their aldermen from their long impriſonment
curity, and more effectually defeating the miſ in the Tower.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
The citizens petition for a treaty with the king. The army quartered in London and Weſt-
minſter. They plunder Weavers-hall. The king's trial proclaimed. The common-council pea
tition to try the king. Execution of Charles I. The Lord mayor committed to the Tower
for refuſing to proclaim the aboliſhment of the kingly office. Houſe of Commons entertained
by the city. Richmond Park given to the city by the parliament. Sixty houſes blown up
by gun-powder. Cromwell's new government, protectorſhip, and reception by the city. Death
of Oliver, and proclamation of his ſon Richard. A free parliament demanded by the ap-
prentices, Reſtoration of Charles II. His entrance into London ; and Coronation. The Iriſh
eſtates in the province of Ulſter reſtored. The king grants a charter of confirmation. The
citizens advance two hundred thouſand pounds for the Dutch war. Great plague. Fire of
London. Deſcription of the monument.
T
C.
HE citizens being apprehenſive, at this out-ports, ſuch perſon or perſons to enjoy no
time of general confuſion, that their place of profit under the parliament, whereby
trade and
conſtitution muſt, ſooner or " they might be encouraged to continue the war.
later, be overthrown and ruined, petitioned the That the king might be brought to London
parliament, that a perſonal treaty might be had 56 with freedom, honour and ſafety, to treat with
between the king, and both houſes, in London, « his parliament about a ſafe and laſting peace.
or ſome other place, convenient and moſt con 66 And that the city, if requiſite, may have power
fiftent with his majeſty's honour, and the ſafety of “ to raiſe horſe, for the ſecurity of his majeſty's
the parliament. And they deſired that their perſon, parliament, and city."
brethren of Scotland might be invited ; ſo that,
according to their allegiance and the covenant, Soon after this, a third petition, to the ſame
his majeſty's royal perſon, honour and eſtate, purport, was preſented to both houſes of parlia-
might be preſerved, the power and privilege of ment, praying that the king's majeſty night be
parliament maintained, the juſt rights and liber free from reſtraint, and invited to a treaty : that
ties of the ſubject reſtored, religion and church all hoſtilities by ſea and land might, by command
government in purity eſtabliſhed, all differences of the king and parliament, ceafe: and in order to
compoſed, a firm and laſting peace concluded, || defray the expence which might attend the treaty
the union of the two kingdoms according to the || with his majeſty, then under reſtraint at Newport,
covenant conſtituted, all armies diſbanded, and in the Ile of Wight, the citizens advanced the
the ſoldiers arrears juſtly paid.
fum of fix thouſand pounds.
This petition was received by the parliament All theſe meaſures taken by the citizens to
with thanks; but their remiſſneſs to proceed to bring about a reconciliation between the parlia-
a treaty of accommodation with his majeſty being ment and city, and to reinſtate the king, were
daily more and more apparent, the citizens pre- || foon fruſtrated : for, on the fourth of December
ſented the following petition :
1648, the army marched to London, and were
quartered in Weſtminſter, and the ſuburbs and
" That the militia of London, and parts ad villages about the metropolis. This was done in
jacent, might be ſettled in one committee : | order to extort forty thouſand pounds from the
" and that if any perſon ſhould be added by city, to diſarm the citizens, and prevent all kind
“ both houſes to the faid committee, from the l of reſiſtance to their meaſures, and to prepare
inatters,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
247
men.
matters, not for the ſafety of his majeſty's perſon, Strafford had brought the judgment of heaven on
and to treat with him about a peace, but to bring || himſelf. He died forgiving all his enemies, even
him to a ſpeedy and public trial, as had been the chief inſtruments of his death; but adviſed
concerted by the army, in conjunction with many them, and the whole nation, to reſtore the con-
members of the houſe of commons.
ſtitution of the kingdom, by paying obedience
The citizens not having anſwered the demand to their lawful ſovereign, his ſon and ſucceſſor.
of the army, the general commanded two regi When he was preparing himſelf for the block,
ments of foot, and ſeveral troops of horſe, to doctor Juxon told him, there was but one ſtage
march into London, and take up their quarters more, which was ſhort, though troubleſome, and
in Black-friars and its neighbourhood; whence, would convey him to the regions of ineffable
by order, they went and ſecured the treaſuries in joy. He replied, “I go from a corruptible to
Weaver's, Haberdaſher's, and Goldſmith's-hall; 65 an incorruptible crown, of which I ſhall never
fron the firſt of which they carried off upwards “ be bereaved.” Having thus ſpoke he laid his
of twenty thouſand pounds.
neck on the block, and at one blow his head was
The houſe of commons being entirely anti ſevered from his body. After which a man held
monarchical, reſolved now to puniſh all the citi up the head ſtreaming with blood, and exclaimed,
zens that ſubſcribed the petition for a treaty with, 65 this is the head of a traitor.” Such was the
and bringing the king to London: for which fate of Charles I. king of England.
purpoſe an ordinance was paſſed, that all ſuch After the king's execution the houſe of com-
citizens ſhould be rendered incapable of being mons paſſed an act for the exheredation of the
elected mayor, aldermen, or common-council royal line, the aboliſhment of monarchy, and
the erection of a common-wealth: in conſe-
On the ninth of January, by order of the quence of which an order was ſent to the Lord-
houſe of commons, Dendy, ferjeant at arms, mayor for proclaiming the ſame perſonally: but
proclaimed the king's trial in Cheapfide, in the his lordſhip refuſing to comply with this com-
city of London, in order to encourage all perſons | mand, he was depoſed, impriſoned, and fined.
to bring in their accuſations againſt his majeſty : Soon after another was choſen, who, with twelve
and general Fairfax ifſued a proclamation, ſtrictly | aldermen, on the thirtieth of May, proclaimed
commanding all papiſts, delinquents, and diſaf the ordinance for aboliſhing the kingly office in
fected perſons, to depart London, and ten miles || England and Ireland.
thereof, in twenty-four hours, and not to return The parliament having appointed a day of
for the ſpace of one month, on pain of being || thankſgiving for ſuppreſſing the levellers, ac-
puniſhed as deſerters.
cepted of an invitation from the city to hear the
In order to countenance theſe iniquitous pro fermon on that occaſion at Chriſt-church, New-
ceedings, the common-council moved for a pe gate ſtreet, and to dine at Grocer's hall, where
tition to the houſe of commons, to bring the they were moſt fumptuouſly entertained by the
king to juſtice: and though the Lord-mayor and city: and the ſurplus of the proviſions, together
many of the aldermen withdrew before the queſ with the ſum of four hundred pounds, were given
tion was put, yet they carried their point, and the to the poor. The next day, the commons fent a
houſe of commons not only received the illegal committee to return thanks to the Lord-mayor
petition, but fanctified and confirmed the ſame. and common-council. And the city, as a proof
Soon after this every circumſtance of the trial of their fincere affection, preſented the general
was adjuſted, and the high court of juſtice finally of the army with a large baſon and ewer of maſſy
erected. The charge was opened by the folicitor- || gold; and lieutenant-general Cromwell with plate,
general, who repreſented that Charles Stuart, co the amount of three hundred pounds, and a
king of England, was accuſed as a tyrant, traitor, || purſe containing two hundred pieces of gold.
murderer, and a public and implacable enemy to In conſideration of the many ſervices the par-
the common-wealth. In anſwer to this his ma liament received from the city, they made the
jefty diſowned the authority of the court, and re citizens a preſent of Richmond-park in Surry ;
fuſed to acknowledge their uſurped juriſdiction. | beſides which, they alſo gave them many houſes,
The court, however, informed him, that he muſt and a thouſand pounds for the uſe of the poor :
not deny the authority of his judges : and Charles the citizens, in return, promiſed to ſtand by them
having, on three ſeveral appearances before the on all emergencies, with their lives and fortunes.
court, refuſed to acknowledge their juriſdiction, In the year 1649, on the fourth of January,
on the fourth time ſentence was pronounced || about ſixty houſes were blown up by a blaſt of
twenty-ſeven barrels of gun-powder, which acci-
On the thirtieth of January, in conſequence || dentally took fire at a ſhip-chandler's, in the neigh-
of a warrant from the high court of judicature, bourhood of Barking-church, Tower-ſtreet. It
he was conducted on foot through St. James's || unfortunately happened, that a pariſh-feaſt was
Park, to Whitehall, accompanied by doctor then held at the Roſe-tavern, next door but one
Juxon, and guarded by a regimene of foot to the church, at which the principal part of the
ſoldiers, commanded by colonel Tomlinſon. || pariſhioners were aſſembled; all of whom periſh-
When he came on the ſcaffold he directed his diſ ed, and were mangled in a moſt dreadful man-
courſe to the colonel, doctor Juxon and ſome ner, except the miſtreſs of the tavern, who was
others about him, declaring himſelf innocent of || found ſitting upright in the bar, and a drawer
having commenced the war againſt the parlia- || ftanding without it, with a pot in his hand, both
ment, but owned at the ſame time, that his hav- || being ſuffocated with ſmoke and duſt, and pre-
ing conſented to the execution of the earl of || ferved in theſe poſtures by the caſual falling of
timber,
againſt him.

248
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
timber, without the leaſt ſign either of fracture or In the year 1656, the protector revived the fe.
contufion. But the moſt remarkable thing was, a veral proclamations and orders prohibiting the
cradle with a child in it, blown upon the upper increaſe of new buildings. To effect which, he
leads of Barking-church, which the next day was paſſed an ordinance, that all perſons who had
taken down, without either of them receiving the erected houſes in contempt of former prohibitions,
leaſt damage.
ſince the twenty-fifth of March 1620, ſhould,
In the year 1653, Cromwell having the chief for every ſuch houſe, not having four acres of
command of the army, diveſted the parliament land thereunto belonging, pay to the protector
of all power, by turning them out of doors; and one year's rent; and for every houſe, erected after
though the aldermen and citizens petitioned for the twenty-ninth of September 1656, without
their being reinſtated, yet Oliver paid no regard | land, as aforeſaid, to forfeit one hundred pounds
to their intreaties. On the contrary, he conſti for his uſe.
tuted a certain number of perſons, who were his In the year 1658, Cromwell was removed from
creatures, to take upon them the government of his uſurped dominion by the interpoſition of
the kingdom, by the name and file of the Su death. In conſequence of which, the privy-council,
preme Authority, with power to aſſume the name attended by the Lord-mayor, proclaimed his ſon
of Parliament. The Lord-mayor, aldermen, and Richard protector, to ſucceed him in the govern-
common-council, immediately acknowledging this. ment of theſe kingdoms. And the Lord-mayor
new form of government, and his creatures re and aldermen, attended by a great number of the
figning their ſham power into his hands, he was, principal citizens, aſſiſted at the celebration of
by the officers of the army, choſe “ Oliver Crom the funeral obfequies of Cromwell.
“ well, Protector of the Commonwealth of Eng The citizens continued to join with the ſame
land, Scotland, and Ireland ;” after which he zeal in the meaſures taken under Richard's pro-
was inſtalled in Weſtminſter-hall. The Lord tectorſhip for the continuance of the uſurpation;
mayor, aldermen, and recorder attended the in till, worn out by the continual changes and ap-
ftallation in their ſcarlet gowns: and the inſtru prehenſions under the new adminiſtration, and
ment of the protector's government, which he diſpirited by the pufillanimity of their councils,
ſwore to preſerve inviolable, contained the follow which began to render England deſpicable abroad,
ing heads : 1. To call a parliament every three and jealous that the time of the royal family's
years. 2. No parliament to be diffolved before it reſtoration was not very diftant, (it being ſuf-
had ſat five months. 3. Bills offered to and not pected by the very houſes in being that general
ſigned by the protector within twenty days, to be Monk, who was now at the head of the com-
laws without him. 4. The protector's council mon-wealth's army, was concerting a plan to
not to exceed twenty one, nor be leſs than bring in king Charles II.) the citizens very wiſely
thirteen. 5. Future protectors eligible by the declined all invitations to join either the parlia-
council immediately upon the demiſe of any one. ment or the army, when it appeared that a rup-
6. No protector, except the preſent, to be gene ture between them was unavoidable. Although
ral of the army.' 7. The power of war and peace
the magiſtrates acted with ſo much caution to keep
in the protector. 8. A power for the protector as clear as poſſible of the fatal conſequences of
and his council to make forrie laws during the a new war, yet the apprentices, who were ſpirited
intervals of parliament. Soon after this, he was up to ſhew a diſlike to the preſent government,
entertained at Guildhall, with all thoſe formali aſſembled in great numbers, and demanded a free
ties which are uſual at the reception and enter parliament. This commotion was ſoon ſuppreſſed
tainment of a crowned head. And ſo great was by colonel Hewſon, who marched into the city,
his vanity, that, at his departure, he conferred and killed many of the apprentices; the loſs of
the honour of knighthood on the Lord-mayor.
whom fo inflamed the citizens againſt the army,
On the ſixteenth of May following, he returned that the common council from that time, fell off
the favour of the entertainment, by a ſplendid from their attachment to a government which
dinner which he gave the Lord-mayor and alder placed all their hopes in the power and ſpirit of
an army ; and reſolved, “ that they conceived the
In the year 1654, Cromwell, in order to ren " city of London to be in imminent and extra-
der himſelf and his government popular, pre ordinary danger; that they judged it abſolutely
tending to diſcover a conſpiracy againſt his life, “ neceſſary to put the city forth with into a poſ-
ſeemed to place great confidence in the citizens, “ ture of defence; that the mayor, aldermen,
whom he granted the power of the militia, and to " and common-council ſhould forthwith ſettle fix
raiſe forces under the command of their favourite regiments of trained bands, with officers and
leader, major general Skipton ; remitted them “ commanders of their own appointment, and
ſome impoſitions and taxes, and permitted the " their commiſſions ſealed in open court with
citizens to revive the artillery company, on pro " the common ſeal of the city ; and that com.-
miſe, that only thoſe who were well affected to “ miſſioners ſhould be appointed to confer with
his highneſs ſhould be admitted into that com "s the officers of the fleet, in order to the ſafety
pany.
“ of the city, and the peace and ſettlement of
The following year an ordinance was paſſed by 56 the nation; to give an anſwer to general Monk;
the protector, to limit the number of hackney " and to propound the convention of a free
coaches to two hundred, and to place them under “ parliament.
the care and government of the Lord-mayor and This conduct of the citizens was ſupported by
court of aldermen.
a revolt of part of the army and feet, who de-
clared
men.
CG

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
249
ment.
clared for a free parliament, in oppoſition to the as the only expedient to reſtore peace and happi-
government by a committee of ſafety. And the nefs to the kingdom, which both the army and
citizens, on the eighth of January, preſented a nation expected from them.
remonftrance to the common-council, touching There appeared fo great ſincerity in this open
freedom and liberty, in which they thankfully ac manifeſtation of the general's ſentiments, that
knowledged the above reſolutions to be juſt and the citizens reſolved to join him, and they mu-
prudent; and humbly remonſtrated, that no tually agreed, at all events, to ſtand by each other.
power or perſons whatever might impoſe any law This happy coalition was no ſooner publiſhed
or tax upon any of thoſe citizens, with whoſe than a univerſal joy ſpread all over the city; and
general concernment that court was entruſted, till the day concluded with ringing of bells, illumi-
the authority thereof be derived from their re nations, and bonfires. The moſt contemptible
preſentatives in parliament.
marks of ridicule were ſhewn to the parliament;
This remonſtrance produced great debates ; and there was no invention of fancy, wit, or
and it was put to the vote, whether they ſhould ribaldry, that was not exerciſed that night, ei.
proſecute thoſe lawful means that might lead to ther to extol the general or degrade the parlia-
the attainment of a free parliament: but the
Lord-mayor difſenting, the ſenſe of the court was General Monk having thus regained the city's
tranſmitted to the council of ſtate. The powers favour, returned to his quarters at Whitehall,
in being immediately ordered general Monk to and diſpoſed of his army as he thought moſt pro-
march with his army into the city, and to reduce per and convenient. Soon after, having reſtored
it to the obedience of the parliament. Accord the excluded members to their ſeats in the houſe
ingly ſeveral regiments, both of horfe and foot, of commons, an ordinance paſſed to reſtore the
were poſted round the metropolis, at the city common-council to their ancient rights, the im-
gates, and in the ſtreets; and two aldermen and priſoned apprentices releaſed, and the poſts,
eight common-council-men were ſeized and com chains, gates, and portculliffes of the city to be
mitted to cuſtody, for exerting themſelves in the replaced. In return for this, the city chearfully
cauſe of liberty.
advanced the parliament the ſum of fixty thou-
Soon after this, by an ordinance of parliament, fand pounds ; and farther, to evince their good
general Monk pulled down the poſts and chains, opinion for Monk, they choſe him major gene-
broke and cut to pieces the city gates, and took ral of all their forces. By whoſe advice, the ci-
took down and deſtroyed the portculliffes at Crip tizens diſarmed all perſons ſuſpected to favour
plegate, Biſhopſgate, and Aldgate; but ſuch the Rump, and kept a ſtrong guard for the peace
was the extraordinary ſtrength of the works at and quiet of the city, till the meeting of a free
Alderfgate and Newgate, that they could only parliament, which was now reſolved upon, as
diſmount the gates from their hinges, and rent well as to call home the king, and to reſtore the
part of the portculliffes.
monarchy, the royal family, and the church.
In the year 1659, general Monk finding the || The citizens contributed all in their power for
parliament had come to reſolutions, which, by accompliſhing this great work; and declared,
joining others with him in the command of the that they were firmly reſolved to adhere to their
army, threatened his deſtruction, conſulted with general, the council of ſtate, and the enſuing
his officers; and being aſſured of their friendſhip || parliament.
and aſſiſtance, reſolved, if poſſible, to counter All things being now ripe for the reſtoration,
act their reſolutions, to maintain his fupreme || king Charles II. among many others, ſent a lee-
command, and to recover his loſt favour with the ter, dated at Breda, April fourteen, 1660, to the
citizens. For theſe purpofes he next morning || Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common-council of
drew up his army in Finſbury fields, from whence the city of London; in which his majeſty ex-
he diſpatched a meſſenger to the Lord-mayor, || prefied extraordinary ſatisfaction with their con-
with the declaration of his ſorrow for what he had duct, and good intention to aſſiſt in the work of
done to the prejudice of the city, and earneſtly his reſtoration, and his peculiar regard for the
deſired a conference with his lordſhip and the city, which, ſays he, “ we will manifeſt on all
common-council, hoping therein to make re “ occaſions, not only by renewing their charter,
paration for his paſt miſconduct.
" and confirming all thoſe privileges which they
In compliance with this requeſt, a common " have received from our predeceffors, but by
council was immediately ſummoned to receive his “ adding and granting any new favours which
propoſals : at which the general teſtified his great “ may advance the trade, wealth, and honour of
concern for having accepted a command, which " that our native city.”
in the execution had given ſo much uneaſineſs to The receipt of this letter produced ſuch an ef-
the citizens; urging, that he was under a necef fect upon the citizens, that they prefented the
ſity of accepting thereof, or throwing up his com meſſengers with three hundred pounds, and de-
miſſion, which he judged neceſſary to keep for puted fourteen of the common-council to proceed
the good of the city and kingdom, whoſe hap- || immediately to Holland, with a preſent of ten
pineſs and proſperity no man had more at heart thouſand pounds to his majeſty, and to affure him
than himſelf. After this he produced a coppy of their fidelity and moſt chearful fubmiffion,
of a letter ſent by him to the parliament at his and that they placed all their felicity and future
leaving Whitehall, in which he upbraided them hope of proſperity in the aſſurance of his royal
with their unjuft and unreaſonable proceedings, grace and protection ; for the meriting of which
adviſing them (by way of command) within a cer their lives and fortunes ſhould be always at his
tain time, to iſſue out writs for a new parliament, || majeſty's diſpoſal.
The
97
21
Rff

250
HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
The common-council, four days after, made and footmen in red liveries, trimmed with ſilver,
an order, that Richmond-park, lately conferred and cloth of gold. Heralds and maces in rich
on the city by Cromwell, ſhould be preſented to coats. Lord-mayor carrying the ſword bare, and
his majeſty' at his return, with aſſurances, that ſupported by the general and duke of Bucking-
they had kept it with no other view than to pre ham. The king himſelf on horſeback, between
ſerve it for the royal intereſt.
his brothers the dukes of York and Glouceſter. A
The day following his majeſty was proclaimed troop of horſe with white colours. The general
king at the uſual places in London, with the life-guard. A troop of gentry. Five regiments
greateſt folemnity, in the preſence of the Lord of the army, horſe, with back, breaſt, and head
mayor, aldermen, recorder, and ſheriffs, amidſt pieces.
the univerſal and joyful acclamations of the ci On the fifth of July following, the citizens en-
tizens. bio
tertained the king and royal family, the great
In the mean time, the city deputies, being ar-
officers of ſtate, and both houſes of parliament,
rived at the Hague, were introduced to his ma at Guildhall, where they were ſumptuouſly re-
jeſty, who, in return to their meſſage, told them, galed with thoſe dainties, adapted for the enter-
that he had ever a particular affection for the city |tainment of ſuch illuftrious gueſts.
of London, the place of his birth; and that he On the twenty-third of April, being the day
was exceedingly pleaſed to find them ſo anxious appointed for the coronation, his majeſty, ac-
for his reſtoration, which he acknowledged, not cording to ancient cuſtom, rode from the Tower
only by returning them thanks, but likewiſe con of London, through the city to Weſtminſter;
ferring on them the honour of knighthood.
and the cavalcade was performed with more mag-
On the twenty-ſixth of May, 1660, his majeſty nificence and ſplendor than had ever been ſeen
arrived at Dover; and on the twenty ninth, made
before on the like occaſion. Det
his public entry into London. He was met at In the year 1662, the hackney-coaches having
St. George's-fields, in Southwark, by the Lord created an extraordinary charge on the inhabi-
mayor and aldermen; the former of which, deli tants of London and Weſtminſter, by deſtroying
vering the city ſword to his majeſty, had the fame the pavements, the parliament enacted, that all
returned with the honour of knighthood. From hackney-coaches, in and about the cities of Lon-
this place his majeſty, after taking ſome refreſh don and Weſtminſter, ſhould annually pay to-
nient under a magnificent tent erected for that wards the charge of paving and cleanſing the
purpoſe, proceeded through the ſtreets of Lon ways and ſtreets in and about the ſaid cities, the
don, which were lined with the city companies ſum of five pounds each, and every load of hay
in their liveries, and the trained bands. On this fixpence, and ftraw twopence. The ſame act
occaſion, the houſes were adorned with the richeſt | likewiſe provided for enlarging the paſſages at
filks and tapeſtries; and the windows and balco Stock’s-market, from Fleet-conduit to St. Paul's
nies were crouded with a great concourſe of ſpec church, the paſſage and gateway out of Cheap-
tators. The manner of the cavalcade was thus: ſide into St. Paul's church yard, the paſſage at
Firſt, a troop of gentlemen in cloth of ſilver, St. Dunſtan's church, in Fleet Street, from Cheap-
brandiſhing their ſwords, and led by major-gene fide into Bucklerſbury, the paſſage at Temple-
ral Brown. Another troop of two hundred, in
bar, and ſeveral others in the our parts; and to
velvet coats, attended by footmen in purple live pave Petty-France to St. James's houſe, St. James's-
ries. Alderman Robinſon's troop in buff coats, ſtreet, Pall-mall, and Hedge-lane.
with cloth of filver ſleeves, and very rich green
The citizens of London having been violently
ſcarves. Another troop of two hundred men, deprived of the Iriſh eſtates in the province of
in blue uniform, trimmed with ſilver, and attend Ulſter by an arbitrary decree in the ſtar-chamber
ed by fix trumpets and footmen in ſea-green, trim during the reign of Charles I. his majeſty, on the
med with filver lace. A troop of two hundred tenth of April, granted the ſaid lands again to the
and twenty, with thirty footmen, in grey and city of London, and incorporated the fociety for
ſilver liveries, and four trumpeters, richly cloath the plantation in Ulſter a-new; and by a charter
ed. Another troop of one hundred and five, in of licence empowered them to re-grant the manors
grey uniform, with fix trumpets. Another of fe and lands to the reſpective companies. Accord-
venty, with five trumpets. Three troops, two ingly the ſociety conveyed to each of the twelve
of three hundred, and one of one hundred men, companies the manor and lands which formerly
all gloriouſly habited and gallantly mounted. belonged to it; and the companies have quietly
Two trumpets with the king's arms, Eighty | enjoyed their eſtates ever ſince, under the direc-
ſheriff's men in red cloaks, richly laced with fil tion of a governor and deputy governor, choſen
ver, and half pikes in their hands. Six hundred annually, and twenty-four affiftants, viz. two out
liverymen on horſeback, in black velvet coats and of each of the twelve companies ; of whom
gold chains, divided according to their compa twelve go off every year, and twelve new ones
nies; each company having footmen in their are choſen in their ſtead by the common-council.
proper liveries, and carrying ſtreamers, &c. Kettle Theſe meet by the appointment or ſummons of
drums and trumpets, with ſtreamers. Twelve the governor or deputy governor, as often as ne-
miniſters at the head of his majeſty's life-guards ceſſary, in a place called the Iriſh chamber, in
of horſe, commanded by Lord Gerard. City Guildhall, to tranfact their affairs; and nine,
marſhal, and eight footmen in divers colours, whereof the governor or deputy governor to be
attended by the city waits and officers, in due one, make a court. This fociety have a ſecretary
order. The two ſheriffs. The aldermen in their and a meſſenger of their own appointment: they
ſcarlet gowns on horſeback, with rich trappings, alſo chuſe a general agent in Ireland to correſpond
with

resonamerno.
Engraved for Chamberlainis History of London.
Wale delin
Grignion foulp.
Vien of the manner of burying the dead Bodius
Ai Holy-well mount during the dreadful
ill mount during the dreadful PLAGUE in 1665
14

HISTORY and SURVEY of LON DO N.
251
uc
66
6
with them, who loks after their concerns and any legal way or right whatſoever, have been
tranſacts their buſineſs; and a receiver to gather " heretofore reſpectively had, obtained, or en-
their rents. They have a right of preſentation to joyed, as if the ſame were ſeparately, ſingly,
the churches of Londonderry and Colerain : and " and nominally, in and by theſe preſents ex-
all by-laws made by the corporation of London " preffed, named, declared, granted, and mani-
derry muft be confirmed by the Society before 6 fefted. And further, we will, and by theſe
they can be of any effect.
preſents we do, for us, our heirs, and ſuccef-
In the year 1663 his majeſty, in return for the “ fors, grant to the ſaid mayor and commonalty,
late tokens of loyalty diſcovered in the citizens « and citizens, of the city of London aforeſaid,
towards his perſon and government, by their ef 66 and their ſucceſſors, that theſe our letters-pa-
fectual aid to reſtore him to the crown and domi “ tent ſhall be in and by all things, according to
nion over theſe realms, granted them a confirma “ the true intent thereof, good, firm, valid, and
tion of all their charters, privileges, liberties, « effectual in the law, notwithſtanding any miſ-
rights and cuſtoms: in which, after having re-
« naming, or any
ill or falſe naming or recital in
cited the particular charters granted to them by us the ſame contained; or any ſtatute, ordinances,
his predeceſſors, he proceeds as follows:
proviſion, proclamation, or reſtriction hereto,
tot die
« fore in any wiſe had or made. We will alſo,
“ Now know ye, that we, at the humble peti " &c. without any fine in our hanaper, &c.
« tion of the mayor and commonalty, and citi " although expreſs mention, &c. Witneſs my-
zens of our city of London aforefaid, of our < ſelf at Weſtminſter the twenty fourth day of
ſpecial grace, certain knowledge and meer mo June, in the fifteenth year of our reign."
3701
« tion, and for divers good cauſes and conſidera-
“ tions us hereunto eſpecially moving, all and In the year 1664 the king wanting money to
“ fingular the letters patents, charters and con carry on a war with the Dutch, the city of Lon.
“ firmations aforeſaid, and all and ſingular the don, at the requeſt of the privy-council readily
gifts, grants, confirmations, reſtitutions, cu advanced the ſum of two hundred thouſand
u ftoms, ordinances, explanations, and articles, pounds on that occafion; for which they re-
as and all other things whatſoever in the ſaid let (6 ceived the thanks of both houſes of parliament.
“ ters-patents, charters, grants, and confirma In the year 1665, about the beginning of May,
"tions, or any of them, contained, recited, ſpe there broke out in London the moſt dreadful
«cified, confirmed, explained or mentioned; plague that ever infeſted this kingdom, which
«s and all and fingular the lands, tenements, ſwept away ſixty-eight thouſand, five hundred and
« offices, juriſdictions, authorities, privileges, ninety-fix perſons, which, added to the number
« liberties, franchiſes, freedoms, immunities, li. of thoſe who died of other diſtempers, raiſed the
“ berties, cuſtoms and hereditaments whatſoever, bill of mortality in this year to ninety-ſeven thou-
66 which the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and ci fand three hundred and ſix. And the mortality
« tizens of our city of London, or their prede. raged ſo violently in July, that all houſes were
« ceffors by the name of the mayor and com-
ſhut
up, the ſtreets deſerted, and ſcarce any thing
monalty, and citizens, of the city of London; to be ſeen therein but graſs growing, innumerable
« or by the name of the mayor, aldermen, citi fires for purifying the air, coffins, peſt-carts, red
zens, and commonalty of London ; or by the croffes upon doors,
doors, with the inſcription,
name of the mayor and citizens of London ; or “ have mercy upon us !” and continual cries of
" by the name of the mayor and commonalty of pray for us ;” or the melancholy call of “ bring
“ the city of London ; or by the name of the citi out your dead." The cauſe of this dreadful
“ zens of the city of London ; or by the name calamity was aſcribed to the importation of in-
« of the barons of London; or by the name of the fected goods from Holland, where the plague had
« barons of the city of London ; or by any other committed great ravages the preceding year.
" name whatſoever, by reaſon or force of the faid And it was obſerved, during the whole time of
« letters-patent, charters, or confirmations before its continuance, that there was ſuch a general calm
“ mentioned; or of any uſe or uſes, preſcription and ferenity of weather, as if both wind and rain
or preſcriptions, or any other lawful means had been expelled the kingdom.
« whatſoever, at any time or' times heretofore The citizens of London having been greatly
« have had, or reaſonably uſed or exerciſed, (ex- oppreſſed by the carmen and wood-mongers, the
cept as above is excepted) ratifying, and grate common-council (in order to provide a ſufficient
« fully for us, our heirs, and fucceffors, as much ſupply of fuel, and to overthrow the ſecret com-
" as in us lies, accepting and approving, do them, binations and contrivances of the dealers in wood
sc and every of them, to the faid mayor and and coals, and of the carmen) paſſed an act on the
commonalty, and citizens, of our city of Lon thirty-firſt of June; in which, among other things,
« don aforeſaid, and their ſucceſſors, ratify and it was enacted,
« confirm, by theſe preſents, to have, hold, en-
joy, and exerciſe, all and fingular the premiſes « That the preſident and governor of Chriſt's-
" aforeſaid, (except before excepted) to the ſaid 66 hoſpital, London, fhall, from time to time
mayor and commonalty, and citizens, of our << hereafter, have the rule, overſight and govern-
" city of London aforeſaid, and their fucceffors ment, of all the carrs, carts, carters, and car-
" for ever, as fully, freely, and entirely, and in men, and of all other perſon or perſons whate
as ample manner and form, as the ſame are “ ſoever, working any carrs or carts, within the
« above mentioned to be given or granted, or " city of London, and liberties thereof: that no
as the fame otherwiſe by uſe, preſcription, or more than four hundred and twenty carts ſhall,
by

252
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
twenty Thil.
418
22
578
38
12
II
22
by the mayor, commonalty, and citizens of
" and relief of the poor in times of dearth and
" this city, or any other perſon or perſons claim 6 ſcarcity, which hath happened in this and
ing by, from, or under them, be allowed or many other years heretofore, by reaſon of wars
permitted to work within this city and liberties " and troubles at ſea, or by the ſubtle combina-
“ thereof; and that ſeventeen ſhillings and four “ tion and practice of the retailers at home, for
pence per annum, and no more, ſhall be re their private gain and profit, to the common
« ceived or paid for a car-room,
and
“ abuſe and detriment of the citizens, and others
“ lings and no more or greater fine, upon any “ his majeſty's ſubjects:
« admittance or alienation of a car-room ; and “ Be it enacted, by the authority aforeſaid, That
" that if any perſon or perſons ſhall preſume “ beſides the general ſtock employed by this city,
to work
any carr or carrs, by himſelf or ſer-
“ for proviſion of coals for the benefit of the
vants, not being duly allowed as aforeſaid, ſuch poor within the ſaid city and liberties, there
perſon or perſons, for every time fo offending, “ Thall be provided yearly hereafter, at the beſt
" ſhall forfeit and pay the ſum of forty ſhillings, “ hand, betwixt Lady-day and Michaelmas, by
«s to be recovered, received and obtained, as is " the ſeveral companies of this city, the ſeveral
« hereafter mentioned : on pain of forfeiting and 66 chaldrons of fea-coals hereafter mentioned :
“ paying ten ſhillings for the firſt and ſecond of-
- that is to ſay,
« fence reſpectively; for the third and every other
66 offence the carr or carrs of the offender to be
Chald.
Chald.
“ ſeized and carried to the new ſtore-yard, or Mercers,
Cutlers,
76
green-yard, at the poſtern."
Grocers,
675 White-bakers, 45
And for the prevention of ſuch deceit here- || Drapers, 562 Wax-chandlers, 19
« after, as divers woodmongers have practiſed, || Fiſhmongers, 465 Tallow-chandlers, 97
66 in the ſale and meaſure of their coals; it is en Goldſmiths, 525
Armourers,
19
acted, that all fea-coals hereafter to be ſold or Skinners,
315 Girdlers,
105
uttered by retail, by any perſon or perſons what Merchant-taylors, 750
Butchers,
“ foever, ſhall be filled and brought home to the Haberdaſhers,
Sadlers,
19
buyers, in the ſea-coal meter's facks, or ſuch
Salters,
360
Carpenters,
“ other facks as contain the full meafure of the Ironmongers,
225 Cordwainers, 60
sc ſea-coal meter's ſacks, and are, and ſhall be Vintners,
375
Barber-ſurgeons, бо
“ marked by the keepers of the Guildhall for the Clothworkers, 412
Painter-ſtainers,
s time being, according to an order of the court Dyers,
105 Curriers,
" of aldermen, made the cwenty-fifth day of Oc Brewers,
104
Maſons,
" tober, in the time of the mayoralty of Sir Tho Leatherſellers, 210 Plumbers,
19
mas Campbell, knight, deceaſed, and carried || Pewterers,
52
Inholders,
45
« by ſome ſtreet carr, or carrs, of perſons duly Founders,
7 Woodmongers,
60
« licenced and allowed as aforeſaid, and bearing || Poulterers,
Scriveners,
60
upon the ſame carrs the mark of the red croſs
Cooks,
30
Fruiterers,
7
« for a note of their allowance, as hath anciently | Coopers,
52
Plaiſterers,
8
been accuſtomed.
Tylers and Brick
Brown Bakers,
" And that all perſon and perſons vending or layers, BO 19
Stationers,
76
« uttering ſea-coals by retail, and their carmen, Bowyers,
3
Imbroiderers, 30
“ ſervants, or agents, ſhall hereafter from time to Fletchers,
3. Upholders,
« time, and at all times, when chey carry or ſend Blackſmiths, 15
Muſicians,
6
“ abroad any coals within the city of London or Apothecaries, 45
Turners,
13
" liberties thereof, carry along in their carr or Joiners,
Baſketmakers, 6
carrs, together with their ſea-coals, a good and Weavers,
Glaziers, 6
“ lawful buſhel, ſealed according to the buſhel Woolmen,
3
" in the Guildhall, allowed for meaſuring of
“ ſea-coals, which agreeth with the fatt anciently “ And that the ſaid quantity of ſea-coals, ſhall
s uſed for meaſuring of ſea-coals, which buſhel 66 be ſtored or laid up in convenient places, by
« ſhall be, and contain in breadth, from out to every the ſaid companies reſpectively, and
out, the ring not exceeding half an inch, nine brought out, ſold, and uttered, at ſuch other
“ teen inches and a half, and in depth within the “ hard and dear ſeaſons of the year, in ſuch man-
« buſhel, feven inches and a half.
ner, and at ſuch price, as the Lord-mayor and
“ And if any perſon or perſons ſhall bring court of aldermen of this city, for the time
« home in his or their carr or cart, to any buyer, “ being, ſhall judge moſt requiſite and conveni-
any coals in any other ſack or ſacks, and with-
ent, and by their precept in writing ſhall direct
“ out ſuch buſhel, as are beforementioned and «s and require, for the ends and purpoſes before
appointed, ſuch perſons ſo offending ſhall for “ mentioned, ſo as ſuch companies, as aforeſaid,
« feit and pay ten ſhillings for the firſt and fe “ be not by ſuch prices ordered to ſell the ſame
cond offence reſpectively; for the third and 66 coals to loſs.
every other offence, the carr or carrs of the of “ And whereas divers woodmongers and others,
to fender to be ſeized and carried to the new ſtore “ uſing to ſell and utter coals by retail, within
* yard, on the poſtern, as is aforeſaid.
“ this city and liberties, in deſign to raiſe and
“ And for a conſtant ſtore and proviſion of “ inhance the prices thereof for their own private
e fea-coals to be had and made hereafter, for gain and commodity, have commonly hereto-
ſupply of this city, and ſpecially for the benefit « fore gone or ſent down the river of Thames,
I 2
12
9
CG
22
H27
CG
Or

Engraved for Chamberlain's Hiftory of -
Hiftory of London.
BARSTRUARROHLI
OD
View of STBENNETS Grace Church VIEW of the MONUMENT
CFenchurch Street,
Fuh Street Hill
View of STMAGNUS Church
Dondon Bridge

Engraved for Chamberlain's Hiftory of Londen)
III
View of Parto/ LONDON as it appeared in the Dreadful Fire in 1666.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
253
or otherwiſe travelled or employed their agents which ravagements, it ſtopped at Pye-corner, near
to meet the ſhips and veſſels coming from New Weſt-ſmithfield.
“ caſtle and other parts toward this city, loaden By this horrid conflagration, many thouſand
with coals; and at diſtant places from the ſaid citizens were compelled to retire to the fields,
city, or by precontract within the ſame city | deſtitute of all neceſſaries, and expoſed to the
ss and liberties, have bought up, foreſtalled and inclemency of the weather, till a fufficient number
" ingroſſed great quantities of coals, (which of huts could be erected for their relief: his majeſty
" ſhould have been brought to the faid city by immediately ordered a great quantity of naval
" the owners and ſellers thereof, to be there fold bread to be diſtributed amongſt them, and gave
“ and uttered at reaſonable prices) and the ſame command to the magiſtrates of the city to en-
“ have been conveyed and brought to the ſaid courage the bringing of all ſorts of proviſions.
“ city, to ſell again at high and exceſſive prices, This dreadful and deſtructive fire laid waſte
againſt the cuſtom and privileges of this city, and conſumed, the buildings on four hundred
" and to the public detriment, oppreſſion of the and thirty-fix acres of ground, four hundred
poor, and great charge of all others inhabiting ſtreers, lanes, &c. thirteen thouſand two hundred
“ and dwelling within the ſaid city and liberties houſes, the cathedral church of St. Paul, eighty-
(6 thereof:
fix pariſh churches, ſix chapels, the magnificent
• For reformation whereof, be it enacted, or buildings of Guildhall, the Royal Exchange,
- dained and eſtabliſhed by the authority afore Cuſtom-houſe, and Blackwell-hall, many hoſpi-
" ſaid, That no perſon or perſon's whatſoever, tals and libraries; fifty-two of the companies halls,
inhabiting or dwelling, or that hereafter ſhall and a great number of other ſtately edifices; to-
56 inhabit and dwell within the ſaid city or liber gether with three of the city-gates, four ſtone-
s ties thereof, ſhall, from and after the feaſt of bridges, and the priſons of Newgate, the Fleec,
the nativity of St. John Baptiſt, now next en the Poultry and Wood-itreet Compters ; the loſs
ſuing, either by themſelves, or any for them, of which, by the beſt calculation, amounted to
or to their uſe, provide, buy, bargain, or con ten millions ſeven hundred and thirty thouſand
es tract for any fea-coals, Scotch-coals, pit-coals, and five hundred pounds. And notwithſtanding
or other coals, coming towards this city to be all this deſtruction, yet only ſix perſons loft cheir
“ fold, other than ſuch as ſhall be provided and lives.
bought to be ſpent within their own private Various have been the conjectures reſpecting
6 houſes; nor ſhall ſell or utter the ſame by re the cauſe of this dreadful cataſtrophe : but the
" tail or in groſs within this city or liberties to beft authority we have is that upon the monu-
6 any perſon or perſons; but that the owners ment; erected and inſcribed by act of parliament,
and ſellers thereof, at their own coſts and to perpetuate the memory of the above calamity.
charges, ſhall and may bring the ſame coals to And in order to preſerve our intended plan, of
“ the city themſelves, here by them to be fold; | inſerting all public buildings in their proper order,
upon pain that all and every perſon or perſons of time, we ſhall here give
“ whatſoever, that ſhall offend contrary to the
true intent and meaning hereof, ſhall forfeit and A Deſcription of the MonuŇENT:
“ lofe five ſhillings for every chaldron of ſea-
". coals, and the like ſum for every ton of Scotch This beautiful piece of architecture, which is
or pit-coals, that ſhall be bought, bargained ſituated on the eaſt-ſide of Fiſh-ſtreet-hill, was be-
or contracted for."
gun by Sir Chriſtopher Wren, in the year 1671,
In the year 1666, on the 2d day of Septeni and finiſhed by him in 1677. It is a round pillar
ber, about one o'clock in the morning, a moſt of the Doric order, all build with the beſt Porta
dreadful fire broke out in Pudding-lane, near land ſtone, 202 feet in height from the ground,
new Fiſh-ſtreet; from whence, in about thirty and fifteen in diameter. It ſtands on a pedeſtal
hours, it ſpread to Gracechurch-ſtreet, towards forcy feet high, and twenty-one ſquare ; and over
the north-weſt, and to the Three Cranes in the the capital is an iron balcony, encompaſſing a cone
Vintry, towards the ſouth-weſt, including Canon thirty-two feet high, which ſupports a blazing
ſtreet, and the lanes, allies, and courts in the urn of gilt braſs. Within is a large ſtair-caſe of
way. The flames being aſſiſted by a violent eaſt black marble, containing three hundred and forty-
erly wind, communicated themſelves in various five ſteps, each ſix inches thick, and ten inches
and diſtant places, and the conflagration became and a half broad.
ſo general, that there was not a houſe, hall, or The front of the pedeſtal, on the weſt-ſide of
church left ſtanding, from the weſt-end of Tower the plinth, is adorned with a very curious ema
wharf in the eaſt, to the Temple-church in the blem in alt relief, denoting the deſtruction and
weft; nor from the north-end of Mincing-lane; reſtoration of the city. The firſt female figure re-
in Fenchurch-ſtreet, from the weſt-end of Leaden preſents the city of London, at her back many
hall-ſtreet, and from the ſouth-weſt end of Bi houſes in a blaze, and the ficting on the ruins, in
ſhopſgate-ſtreet, as far as the entrance into Thread a languiſhing and diſconfolate poſture, with her
needle-ſtreet; to Holborn-bridge, on the weſt, in head dejected, hair diſhevelled, her hand careleſsly
a direct line; excluſive of the damage done in lying on her fword, and the cap of maintenance
Throgmorton-ſtreet, Lothbury, Coleman-ftreet, lying at her fide. Behind is. Time, gradually
Baſinghall-ftreet, Cateaton-ftreet, Aldermanbury, raiſing her up; at her ſide a woman gently touch-
Addle-ſtreet, Love-lane, Wood-ſtreet, Staining- | ing her with one hand, whilſt a winged ſcepter in
lane, Noble-ftreet, and Silver-ſtreet: after all the other directs her to regard the goddeſſes in the
Sif
clouds;
66
22

254
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
$
clouds ; fhe with the Cornu-copia denoting Plenty, " duced to nothing; and three days after, when
and that with the palm-branch Peace. At her " this fatal fire had baffled all human counſels and
feet a beehive, ſhewing, that by induſtry and ap “ endeavours, it ſtopt, as it were, by the will
plication, the greateſt difficulties are to be ſur “ of Heaven, and was extinguiſhed on every
mounted. Behind Time are divers citizens, ex-
“ ſide.”
ulting at his endeavours to reſtore her ; and be-
neath, in the midſt of the ruins, is a dragon, who, The fouth inſcription in Engliſh runs thus :
as fupporter of the City-arms, with his paw en-
deavours to preſerve the ſame. Oppoſite the city “ Charles the ſecond, ſon of Charles the firſt,
on an elevated pavement, ftands Charles II. in a martyr, king of Great-Britain, France, and
Roman habit, with a laurel on his head, and a " Ireland, defender of the faith, a moſt clement
fruncheon in his hand; and approaching her, s prince, who compaſſionating the loſs by fire,
commands three of his attendants to deſcend to 66 which happened to the greateſt part of the in-
her relief. The firſt repreſents Science, with a “ habitants of this city, (the ruins of which were
winged head, and circles of naked boys dancing yet ſmoaking) and which, before that, was his
thereon: and in its hand Nature, with her nu greateſt glory, was pleaſed to provide for it;
merous breaſts, ready to give aſſiſtance to all. " he remitted the taxes, and recommended them
The ſecond is Architecture, with a plan in one “ to the parliament, who thereupon ordered, that
hand, a ſquare and a pair of compaſſes in the “ the public buildings ſhould be rebuilt in a bet-
other. The third is Liberty waving her hand in ter ſtructure than they were before, from the
the air, ſhewing her joy at the pleaſing proſpect of “ monies ariſing from the duties upon coals; viz.
the city's recovery. Behind the king is his bro " the churches, and the cathedral of St. Paul's,
ther, the duke of York, with a garland in one " were to be rebuilt from the foundation, with
hand, to crown the riſing city, and a ſword in the " all poſſible ſpeed and magnificence; that they
other for her defence. The two figures behind
" ſhould rebuild the bridges, gates and priſons;
are Juſtice and Fortitude; the former with a " that the common ſewers ſhould be cleanſed
coronet, and the latter with a reined lion. Under " that the deſcents ſhould be levelled ; that the
the royal pavement lieth Envy, gnawing upon a narrow ſtreets or lanes, highways, and markets,
heart, and emitting peftiferous fumes from her " ſhould be made wider ; that no houſe ſhould
invenom'd mouth. In the uppermoſt part of the “ be built without a ſeparation-wall between
plinth the re-conſtruction of the city is repre “ each; that they ſhould be all of the fame height
ſented, by builders and labourers at work upon forwards, and of poliſhed free-ſtone, or bricks.
houſes. The whole emblem is finely imagined, And, laſtly, that none ſhould be above ſeven
and executed as well.
years in rebuilding his houſe; adding alſo an
The north and ſouth ſides of the pedeſtal have annual faſt-day, for a perpetual memory there-
each a latin infcription; one deſcribing the de 6. of to pofterity. Three years compleated what
ſolation of the city laid in alhes, and the other was thought would have been the work of an
its glorious reſtoration. That on the north ſide
age."
in Engliſh runs thus :
The eaſt-ſide of the pedeſtal has alſo an inſcrip-
« In the year of Chriſt 1666, the ſecond day tion, fignifying, that “this pillar was begun in
~ of September, eaſtward from hence, at the diſ 1671, Sir Richard Ford being then Lord-
tance of two hundred feet, (the height of this mayor ; carried on in the mayoralty of Sir
6 column) afire broke out about midnight, which, " George Waterman, Sir Robert Hanſon, Sir
cc being driven on by a ſtrong wind, not only “ William Hooker, Sir Robert Viner, Sir Joſeph
56 waſted the adjacent parts, but alſo very remote “ Sheldon, and finiſhed in 1677, Sir Thomas
places, with incredible noiſe and fury. It “ Davis being Lord-mayor."
" conſumed eighty-nine churches, the city-gates,
“ Guild-hall, many hoſpitals, ſchools, and li As it appeared at the time, that this dreadful
“ braries; a vaſt number of ſtately edifices, fire was contrived and carried on by the popiſh
above thirteen thouſand two hundred dwelling. faction, the fame is expreſſed in a line, round the
" houſes, and four hundred ſtreets; of the twenty pedeſtal, beginning on the weſt ſide, in theſe
ſix wards it deſtroyed fifteen, and left eight || words:
“ others ſhattered, and half burnt. The ruins
“ of the city were four hundred and thirty-fix “ This pillar was ſet up in perpetual remem-
acres, from this pillar, by the Thames ſide, to “ brance of the moſt dreadful burning of this
" the Temple-church; and, from the north-eaſt proteſtant city, begun and carried on by the
“ ſide, along the City-wall, to Holbourn-bridge. treachery and malice of the popiſh faction, in
" To the eſtates and fortunes of the citizens it " the beginning of September, in the year of our
was mercileſs, but to their lives very favour “ Lord 1666, in order to execute their horrid
“ able ; that it might in all things reſemble the “ plot, to extirpate the proteſtant religion, and
“ laſt conflagration of the world. The deſtruc " the old Engliſh liberty, and to introduce po-
" tion was ſudden; for in a ſmall ſpace of time pery and Navery."
" the ſame city was ſeen moft flouriſhing, and re-
66
CC
66
66
СНАР,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
255
CHAPTER XXXVII.
The king's declaration to the city of London on occaſion of the late fire. Proceedings of par-
parliament thereon. A&t of common-council for enlarging the ſtreets. The ſame confirmed
and enforced by his majeſty and council. Precept from the Lord-mayor againſt immorality and
beggars. Public markets regulated by act of common-council. His majeſty made free of the
city of London. Princeſs Mary given in marriage to the prince of Orange. The papiſts at-
tempt to burn London ; for which five of them are executed. Solemn proceſſion for burning
the effigy of the pope. Remarkable ſtorm of bail. Violent conteſt at election of ſheriffs. An
alderman and the two ſheriffs committed to the Tower. A Quo Warranto iſſued out to ſeize
the city charter. The city's petition to the king. Conditions impoſed on the city. A violent
froſt. Death of Charles II,
T:
\HE general conflagration having reduced
the city of London to a mere heap of
rubbiſh, his majeſty iſſued a proclama-
tion for prohibiting the rebuilding of houſes, till
public care might be had to re-edify it with ſuch
propriety, uniformity, and ſecurity as might ef-
fectually prevent the like deſtruction for the fu-
For which purpoſe his majeſty made the
following declaration to the city of London.
ture.
66
" CHARLES R.
" As no particular man hath ſuſtained any loſs
or damage by the late terrible and deplorable
fire in his fortune or eftate, in any degree to be
« compared with the loſs and damage we ourſelf
« have ſuſtained, ſo it is not poſſible for any man
e to take the ſame more to heart, and to be more
46 concerned and folicitous for the rebuilding this
“ famous city, with as much expedition as poſ-
« fible: and ſince it hath pleaſed God to lay this
• heavy judgment upon us all in this time, as
an evidence of his diſpleaſure for our ſins, we
“ do comfort ourſelf with ſome hope, that he will,
upon our due humiliation before him, as a new
66 inſtance of his ſignal bleſſing upon us, give us
“ life, not only to ſee the foundations laid, but
" the buildings finiſhed, of a much more beau.
6 tiful city than is at this time conſumed ; and
S that as the ſeat and ſituation of it is the moſt
66 convenient and noble, for the advancement of
“ trade, of any city in Europe ; ſo that ſuch care
66 will be taken for the re-edification of it, both
s for uſe and beauty, and ſuch proviſion made
“ for the future, againſt the ordinary and caſual
" acciảents by fire, as may, as far as human
“ wiſdom can provide, upon the fad experience
« we have had, reaſonably ſecure the ſame, and
make it rather appear to the world as purged
es with the fire (in how lamentable a manner fo-
" ever) to a wonderful beauty and comelineſs,
" than conſumed by it: and we receive no ſmall
encouragement in this our hope, by the alacrity
" and chearfulneſs we obſerve in thoſe who have
$6 undergone the greateſt loſs, and ſeem the moſt
« undone: who, with undaunted courage, ap-
pear to deſire the ſame we do, and reſolved to
« contribute their utmoſt aſſiſtance thereunto.
66 We have therefore thought fit, moſt neceſſary,
" and agreeable to the great and conſtant affec-
- tion we have always had, and always ſhall re-
“ tain for this our native city, to uſe this expe-
“ dition in publiſhing our thoughts, reſolutions,
" and intencions, upon this great affair ; that
" though ſuch preſent rules and
directions cannot
66 be formed, as muſt upon more mature deli-
« beration be eſtabliſhed for the re-edification,
yet ſuch inconveniences may and ſhall be pre-
“ vented, which may ariſe by the hafty and un-
“ ſkilful buildings many may propoſe to erect, for
" their preſent conveniences, before they can
66 know how the fame will ſuic and conſiſt with
" the deſign that ſhall be made: and if this can-
“ dour of ours, which reſolves with the bleſſing
“ of God, ſo to provide for the juſt right and
“ intereſt of all, that no man ſhall have cauſe to
“ complain of wrong and oppreſſion: and if this
our ſeaſonable animadverſion ſhall not meet
“s with that prudent ſubmiſſion we expect, but
" that ſome obſtinate and refractory perſons will
" preſume to erect ſuch buildings as they ſhall
" think fit, upon pretence that the ground is
" their own, and that they may do with it what
they pleaſe, ſuch their obſtinacy ſhall not pre-
“ vail to the public prejudice ; but we do hereby
require the Lord-mayor, and the other magif-
“ ftrates of the city of London, in their ſeveral
r limits, to be very watchful in ſuch caſes, and
ſpeedily to pull down whatſoever fuch men
« ſhall preſume to ſet up, fo much to the diſ-
5 turbance of public order and decency, and
" that they forth with give notice to us, or our
“ privy-council
, of ſuch their proceedings, and
return the names of ſuch refractory perſons
“ who preſume to contemn this our injunction,
" and we ſhall give order for their exemplary
“ puniſhment, without the violation of the pub-
« lic juſtice.
co And becauſe no men ſhall complain or ap.
prehend that by this caution or reſtraint of
“ ours, they fall or may, for a long time be
kept from providing habitations for themſelves,
«s and for the carrying on their trades, though
;" we make no queſtion, but in a ſhort time,
66 with the affiftance and advice of the Lord-
mayor
CC

256
2
HISTORY and SURVE Ñ of LONDON.
66
66
mayor and court of aldermen, (who have be " erected within ſo many feet of the river, as ſhall
ſought us for ſome time to put this reſtraint) 66 be within few days declared in the rules for-
to finiſh the whole deſign, even before any men merly mentioned, nor ſhall there be in thoſe
« can make proviſion of materials for any valu buildings which ſhall be erected next the river,
" able edifices : we do declare, that if any conſi. “ which we deſire may be fair ſtructures, for the
“ derable number of men (for it is impoſſible to ornament of the city, any houſes to be inha-
comply with the humour of every particular 6 bited by brewers, or dyers, or ſugar-bakers,
56 man) ſhall addreſs themſelves to the court of which trades by their continual ſmoak, contria
aldermen, and manifeſt to them in what places bute very niuch to the unhealthineſs of the
" their ground lies, upon which they deſign to « adjacent places ; but we require the Lord-
" build, they ſhall in a ſhort time receive ſuch mayor and aldermen of London, upon a full
“ order and direction, for their proceeding there " conſideration, and weighing all conveniences
- in, that they ſhall have no cauſe to complain: w and inconveniences that can be foreſeen, to
" and ſo we proceed to the ſetting down ſuch propoſe ſuch a place as may be fit for all thoſe
general, to which all particular deſigns muft " trades which are carried on by ſmoak to habic
66 conform themſelves.
together, or at leaſt ſeveral places for the ſe-
" in the firſt place, the woeful experience in “ veral quarters of the town for thoſe occupa-
" this late heavy viſitation hath ſufficiently con tions, and in which they ſhall find their ac-
“ vinced all men of the pernicious conſequences “ count in convenience and profit, as well as
« which have attended the building with timber, “ other places ſhall receive the benefit in the
6 and even with ſtone itſelf, and the notable be “ diſtance of the neighbourhood; it being our
" nefit of brick, which in ſo many places hath purpoſe, that they who exerciſe thoſe neceffa-
“ refifted, and even extinguiſhed the fire; and ry profeſſions, ſhall be in all reſpects as well
we do therefore hereby declare our expreſs will provided for and encouraged as ever they have
" and pleaſure, that no man whatſoever ſhall been, and undergo as little prejudice as may
preſume to erect any houſe or building, great be, by being leſs inconvenient to their neigh
" or ſmall, but of brick or ſtone; and if any
66 bours.
“ man ſhall do the contrary, the next magiſtrate “ Theſe grounds and foundations being laid,
« ſhall forthwith cauſe it to be pulled down, and
from the ſubſtance whereof we ſhall not depart,
“ ſuch further courſe ſhall be taken for his pu " and which, being publifhed, are ſufficient ada
" niſhment as he deſerves: and we ſuppoſe that “ vertiſements to prevent any man's running into,
the notable benefit many men have received or bringing an inconvenience upon himſelf,
es from thoſe cellars which have been well and " by a precipitate engagement in any act which
ſtrongly arched, will perſuade moſt men, who “ may croſs theſe foundations, we have, in order
“ build good houſes, to practiſe that good huf “ to the reducing this great and glorious deſign
bandry, by arching all convenient places. " into practice, directed, and we do hereby direct,
" We do declare, that Fleet-ſtreet, Cheapſide; " that the Lord-mayor and court of aldermen
Cornhill, and all other eminent and notorious " do with all poſſible expedition cauſe an exact
«s ſtreets, ſhall be of ſuch a breadth, as may, with ſurvey to be made and taken of the whole
“ God's bleſſing, prevent the miſchief that one “ ruins, occaſioned by the late lamentable fire,
« fide may ſuffer if the other be on fire, which to the end that it may appear to whom all the
was the caſe lately in Cheapſide; the preciſe “ houſes and ground did in truth belong, what
6 breadth of which ſeveral ſtreets, ſhall be, upon term the ſeveral occupiers were poffeffed of;
" advice with the Lord-mayor and aldermen,
" and at what rents, and to whom, either corpo-
as ſhortly publiſhed, with many other particular “ rations, companies, or ſingle perſons, the re-
“ orders and rules, which cannot yet be adjuſted ; sc verſion and inheritance appertained ; that ſo
as in the mean time we reſolve, though all ſtreets “ proviſion may be made, that though every
“ cannot be of equal breadth, yet none ſhall be “ man muſt not be ſuffered to erect what build
“ ſo narrow as to make the paſſage uneaſy or « ings and where he pleaſes, he ſhall not in any
« inconvenient, eſpecially towards the water-fide; “ degree be debarred from receiving the reaſon-
nor will we ſuffer any lanes or alleys to be us able benefit of what ought to accrue to him
“ erected, but where, upon mature deliberation, s from ſuch houſes or lands; there be nothing leſs
" the ſame ſhall be found abſolutety neceſſary; ss in our thoughts, than that any particular per-
except ſuch places ſhall be ſet aſide, which “ ſon's right and intereſt ſhould be ſacrificed to
“ ſhall be deſigned only for buildings of that “ the public benefit or convenience, without ſuch
kind, and from whence no public miſchief recompence as in juſtice he ought to receive
may probably ariſe.
“ for the ſame. And when all things of this
" The irreparable damage and loſs by the late “ kind ſhall be prepared and adjuſted, by ſuch
“ fire, being, next to the hand of God in the 5 commiſſioners, and otherwiſe, which ſhall be
" terrible wind, to be imputed to the place in “ found expedient, we make no doubt but ſuch
«s which it firſt broke out, amongſt ſmall timber " an act of parliament will paſs, as fhall ſecure
“ houſes, ſtanding ſo cloſe together, that as no “ all men in what they ſhall and ought to
« remedy could be applied from the river for the poffefs.
« quenching thereof, to the contiguoufneſs of the 56 By the time that this ſurvey ſhall be taken,
buildings, hindering and keeping all poſſible ſhall cauſe a plot or model to be made for
" relief from the land fide, we do reſolve and " the whole building through thoſe ruined places;
« declare, that there ſhall be a fair key or wharf " which being well examined by all thoſe perſons
«s on all the river fide, that no houſe ſhall be 46 who have moſt concernment as well as ex-
sperience,
<6
66
66
56
we

HISTORY and SURVEY. of LONDON.
257
66
building:
perience, we make no queſtion, but all men to this declaration, all duties ariſing to us up-
" will be well pleaſed with it, and very willingly on the hearth-money for the ſpace of ſeven
co conform to thoſe orders and rules which ſhall
years.
“ be agreed for the purſuing thereof,
16 Given at our court at Whitehall the thir-
« In the mean time we do heartily recom “ teenth day of September, 1666 in the
" mend it to the charity and magnanimity of all eighteenth year of our reign.”
well diſpoſed perſons, and we do heartily pray
unto almighty God, that he will infuſe it into On the 18th of September, the parliament
" the hearts of men fpeedily to endeavour by met, and immediately paſſed an act for erecting
degrees to re-edify ſome of thoſe many churches a court of judicature, and for ſettling all diffe-
( which in this lamentable fire have been burnt rences between landlords and tenants with reſpect
66 down and defaced, that ſo men may have to houſes which had been deſtroyed by the late
" thoſe public places of God's worſhip to reſort fire. At the ſame time, they appointed the juf-
to, to humble themſelves together before him tices of the courts of King's Bench and Common
upon this heavy diſpleaſure, and join in their Pleas, and the barons of the exchequer to be
« devotion for his future mercy and bleſſing up judges of the ſaid court. Theſe judges conducted
“ on us; and, as ſoon as we ſhall be informed themſelves with ſuch impartiality and ſtrict juſ-
“ of any readineſs to begin ſuch a good work, tice, that they obtained the general eſteem of the
we ſhall not only give our aſliſtance and direc citizens, who, as a teſtimony of reſpect, cauſed
« tion for the model of it, and freeing it from their portraitures to be hung up in Guildhall.
" buildings ar too near a diſtance, but ſhall en Soon after an act of parliament paſſed for re-
courage it by our own bounty, and all other building the city; in which were laid down rules
ways we ſhall be deſired.
and directions for the regulation of all perſons
Laſtly, that we may encourage men by our concerned in re-edifying the city of London.
s own example, we will uſe all the expedition we On the twenty-ninch of April 1667, the com-
can to re-build our cuſtom-houſe, in the place mon-council, in conſequence of the before-nnen-
" where it formerly ſtood, and enlarge it with the cioned royal declaration, paſſed an act, in which
C moft conveniences for the merchants that can they allotted what ſtreets ſhould be enlarged and
be deviſed; and, upon all the other lands widened within the ſaid city and liberties thereof.
" which belong unto us, we ſhall depart with Which act was ſo highly approved of by his ma-
any thing of our own right and benefit, for the | jefty, that on the eighth of May following, he
" advancement of the public ſervice and beauty confirmed and enforced the ſame by an order of
" of the city; and ſhall further remit, to all
council *
" thoſe who ſhall erect any buildings according
* The following is the order made by the Lord-Mayor, al “ of all quarrels and contentions that may ariſe between the
dermen, and common-council of the city of London, on
“ builders, it is ordered, that no builder ſhall lay his foun-
the iwenty-ninth of April.
" dation until the ſurveyors, or one of them, according to
«c the act, ſhall view it, and ſee the party-walls and piers
“ It is ordered that the ſurveyors take ſpecial care, that equally ſet out, and that all perſons obſerve the ſurveyors
“ the breaft-ſummers of all the houſes do range of an equal “ directions concerning the ſuperſtructure to be erected over
height, houſe with houſe, ſo far as ſhall be convenient, " the faid foundation.
" and there to make breaks by their directions.
" And that for the defraying that and all other incident
" And that they do encourage and give directions to all * charges of meaſuring, ſtaking out, taking the level, and
4 builders, for ornament fake, that the ornaments and pro “ ſurveying the ſtreets and ground, each builder, before he
jedions of the front-buildings be of rubbed bricks; and
lay his foundation, or ſuch ſurvey ſhall be taken, do repair
" that all the naked part of the walls may be done of rough “ to the chamber of London, and there enter his name, with
bricks, neatly wrought, or all rubbed, at the diſcretion
“ the place where his building is to be ſet out, and to pay to
" of the builder, or that the builders may otherwiſe enrich " the chainberlain the ſum of fix ſhillings and eight-pence
so their fronts as they pleaſe.
" for every foundation to be rebuilt. For which Mr. Cham-
“. 'That if any perſon or perfons ſhall deſire, in any ſtreet
" berlain fhall give acquittances upon receipt of which ac-
or lane of note, to build on each ſide of the ſtreet or lane,
quittance the ſurveyors ſhall proceed to ſet out ſuch per-
“ oppoſite one to the other, fix or more houſes of the third “ fons foundations.
“ rate, or that the upper rooms or garrets may be flat roofs,
“ And it is ordered, that all perſons who have already laid
« encompaffed with battlements of bricks' covered with
any foundations, ſhall forthwith pay into the chainber of
“ ftone, or gable ends, or rails, and banniſter of iron or
“ London, fix fhillings and eight-pence for every founda.
“ ftone, or to vary their roofs for the greater ornament of
« tion.
“ And this court is conſenting and deſirous that all ſtraight
opinions therein to the committee for re-building, who
" and narrow paſſages, which ſhall be found convenient for
“ ſhall have liberty to give leave for the ſame, if they ſee
" common benefit and accommodation, and ſhall receive his
66 cauſe.
majeſty's order and approbation, ſhall and may be en-
" That in all the ſtreets no fign-poſts ſhall hang croſs, but
larged and made wider, and otherwiſe altered, before the
“ the figns ſhall be fixed againit the balconies, or ſome other
“ 20th of May now next enſuing, as ſhall be fitting for the
“ convenient part of the fide of the houſe.
“ beauty ornament, and conveniency thereof, and ſtaked
“ It is ordered that a poſtern ſhall be made on the north « and ſet out accordingly.
“ fide of Newgate, for conveniency of foot paſſengers, and “ Several late inhabitants of Fleet-ſtreet, intending to re-
" that Holborn-bridge ſhall be enlarged to run itraight on “ build their houſes, which did formerly ſtand backward of
bevil line from the timber houſe on the north-fide there.
" other foundations near adjoining, and deſiring liberty to
“ of, known by the ſign of the Cock, to the front of the " advance their houſes, that the whole front may run on a
“ buildings at the Swann-inn on the ſaid north-fide of Hol-
a ſtraight line; the committee did agree to the fame, if
(6 born-hill.
“ the right honourable the lord high chancellor of England
“ Foraſmuch as it is provided in the late act for re-build " and the other lords ſhall approve thereof, and procure his
“ ing, that the ſurveyors ſhall take care for the equal ſetting
“ majeſty's approbation to the ſame: and the committee do
« out of all party-walls and piers, and that no perſon be
“ deſire liberty may be given for other perſons in other plas
« permitted to build till that be done; therefore, for pre ces where it ſhall be found convenient,
« vention of any exaction in the taking of ſuch ſurveys, and
Ttt
On
<<
64
CG
66
65
a
22
66 And

258
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
CG
On the fifteenth of November following, the " That the ſeveral companies of carpenters,
common-council paffed another act, for prevent “ bricklayers, plaifterers, painters, maſons, ſmiths,
ing and ſuppreſſing of fires within the city of Lon plumbers, and paviors, do yearly, for each
don and its liberties : in which, among other company, elect two maſter-workmen, four
things, they enacted as follows:
journeymen, eight apprentices, and fixteen la-
"s bourers, to be ready, upon all occaſions of fire,
" That the city and liberties thereof ſhall be to attend the Lord-niayor and ſheriffs for
“ divided into four equal parts or quarters. The quenching the ſame; and that all workmen
“ eaſt part or quarter to contain the wards " and labourers, belonging to any public water-
“ of Portſoken, Aldgate, Tower, Billingſgate, 56 works within the city, the ſeacoal meters, por-
Bridge, Langborn, and Lime-ſtreet. The weſt ters, Blackwell-hall porters, Leadenhall por-
part or quarter to contain Farringdon Within, ters, ticket-porters, and package porters, do
Farringdon Without, Caſtle Baynard, Cheap conſtantly attend the Lord-mayor and ſheriffs
“ ſide, and Alderſgate. The north part or quar-
66 for the ſaid purpoſe.
ter to contain Cornhill, Broad-ſtreet, Coleman " That all perſons, except ſuch as are employed
< ftreet, Balliſhaw, Biſhopſgate and Cripplegate, or allowed by the Lord-mayor or ſheriffs, al-
6 And the ſouth part to contain Queenhithe, “ dermen, deputies, or common-councilmen, do
66 Bread-ſtreet, Vintry, Cordwainer, Dowgate, keep, during the time of any fire, within their
66 Wallbrook, and Candlewick-ſtreet.
own houſes, till they are ſummoned to attend,
66 That each of the ſaid quarters ſhall be pro " that the ſtreets may be kept clear from difor-
«s vided with eight hundred leathern buckets,
c6 der and confuſion.
fifty ladders of different ſizes, from twelve to " That where any fire happens, the conſtables
" forty two feet in length; and to each pariſh 6 and watchmen of that ward ſhall immediately
" forty ſhod ſhovels, twenty-four pick-ax-Nedges, “ aſſemble at ſuch place, and there attend on,
" and two brazen hand-ſquirts.
" and follow the directions of the Lord-mayor
“ That thirty buckets, one engine, fix pick-
66 and ſheriffs.
ax-fledges, three ladders, and two hand-ſquirts " That all brokers on the Exchange, accord-
" of braſs, be provided and kept in readineſs by sc ing to their obligation at their admittance, do
" each of the twelve companies : and that the so attend, in order to take care of ſuch goods and
“ inferior companies provide buckets and engines 56 houſhold ſtuff as may be removed.
“ in proportion to their reſpective abilities; the “ That no perſon whatever be permitted, at
< number of which are to be allotted and pre any time, to make, or cauſe to be made, any
« ſcribed, from time to tinie, by the direction 6 ſort of fire-works, within the city or liberties
“ of the Lord-mayor and court of aldermen. " thereof, except ſuch perſons only as ſhall be
" That every alderman, who hath paſſed the " thereunto appointed by his majeſty, or any other
< office of ſheriff, provide twenty-four buckets,
« lawful authority:
" and one hand-ſquirt of braſs; and all thofe 56 That no perſon lay hemp, flax, wax, gun-
66 who have not been ſheriffs, twelve buckets, " powder, pitch, tar, roſin, brimſtone, or the like
" and one hand-ſquirt of braſs, to be kept at « combuſtible commodities, in any cellar, ware-
ss their reſpective dwellings: and all other prin " houſe, or other place, on that fide next the
“ cipal citizens and inhabitants, and every other 6 ſtreet, which, by the ſhaking of links, torches,
“ perſon, being a ſubſidy-man, or of the degree or caſting in of other fire at the windows next
s of a ſubſidy-man, ſhall provide and keep in " the ſtreet, may be in danger of ſuch fire.”
« their houſes a certain number of buckets, ac In the year 1668, the Lord-mayor iſſued a
cording to their quality.
precept to prevent immoralities, prophanation of
“ That every houſeholder, upon any cry of the Lord's-day, drunkenneſs, and gaming; and
“ fire, ſhall place a fufficient man at his door, || for ſuppreſſing rogues, vagrants, and ſturdy-beg-
well armed, and hang out a light at his door, gars. And, in conformity to a late act of par-
“ if in the night; upon default whereof, every liament, the citizens were ordered to keep the
“ party offending ſhall forfeit twenty ſhillings. ſtreets before their houſes and ground, duly paved
56 That every inhabitant procure ſome ſecure and ſwept, and to preſerve their dirt in tubs or
“.place in their dwellings (not under or near any baſkets, till the coming of the raker, on pain of
“ ſtair-caſe) to lay in their ſeacoal-aſhes, embers, | forfeiting three ſhillings and fourpence; and thac
“ or any other ſort of fire-aſhes; and that the || they ſhould not ſuffer any alhes, dirt, or other
« faid aſhes be quenched with water every night | blch, to lay before their doors
, on the penalty of
s before they go to bed : and that all conftables five ſhillings, nor before their neighbour's, or any
" make enquiry of the ſecurity of hearths, ovens, church, church-yard, or other public place or
“ and ſtoves, and places for laying fire-aſhes in, building, on the penalty of twenty ſhillings; and
66 twice every year.
that the inhabitants ſhould duly hang and keep
" That plugs be put into the pipes in the moſt out their candles lighted to the accuſtomed hour;
• convenient places of every ſtreet.
and the conſtables ſhould fit and continue their
66
“ And it is ordered, that the committee for rebuilding do
preſent the particulars aforeſaid to the right honourable
" the lord high chancellor of England and the other lords,
" and that the ſame, if they receive his majeſty's approba-
6 tion, ſhall be forthwith printed and publiſhed.
“ Which being this day repreſented to the board by the
“ right honourable the lord high chancellor of England,
" the ſame was allowed and approved of; and it was or-
“ dered that the ſame be punctually obſerved in every part
" thereof. And all perſons concerned are required and com-
“ manded to yield due obedience, and conform themſelves
as thereunto.”
watches

HISTORY and SURVEY of LON DO N.
259
watches at ſuch time as had been directed and of paving, not paving one door higher than ano-
appointed by former acts of common-council. ther, upon pain of paying five ſhillings for every
In the year 1669, on the eighth of September, complaint.
the common-council paſſed an act for aboliſhing 3. That the breadth of ſix feet at the leaſt, from
the market, which had been kept in Alderſgate the foundation of the houſes in ſuch of the ſaid
ſtreet, and for eſtabliſhing Newgate-market, Ho high ſtreets which ſhall be allowed to be poſted,
ney-lane-market, and the market at Woolchurch. ſhall be paved by the inhabitants or owners with
And,
flat or broad ſtone for a foot-paſſage, unleſs ſuch
The following year the parliament enacted, parts thereof as ſhall lie before any gate-way,
that, excluſive of the ſtreets which had already which may be done with ſquare rag by the ſaid
been appointed to be widened, the following breadth of fix feet, upon pain of paying five ſhil-
ſhould alſo be enlarged: Pater-nofter-row, War- lings for every week the ſame ſhall be omitted to
wick-lane, Watling-ſtreet, Candlewick-ſtreet, be done after notice given.
Eaſtcheap, Swithin's-lane, Little Wood ſtreet, 4. That every perſon, having occaſion to re-
Milk-ſtreet, Tower-ſtreet, Water-lane, in Tower build or repair any houſe or houſes fronting any
ſtreet, Rood-lane, St. Mary-hill, Thames-ſtreet, ftreet, lane, or common paſſage, do firſt procure
from London-bridge to Puddle-dock, Pye-corner, licence of Mr. Chamberlain, for the time being,
and Threadneedle-ſtreet. That the ſum of one to board in a piece of ground before his building,
ſhilling per chaldron on coals, which had been within which to lay his materials for building,
granted to the Lord-mayor and citizens, for the or in default, ſhall pay forty ſhillings, and twenty
term of ſeventeen years and five months, not be fhillings for every week's omiſſion fo to do.
ing found ſufficient, for the accompliſhment of 5. That a fall or ceſt-pool, of convenient big-
the ſaid works, the ſame ſhould be increaſed to nels, ſhall be made and continued to every grate
three ſhillings per chaldron ; and that the fole of the common ſewer within this city and liber-
power for regulating and paving the ſtreets of the ties, to receive the ſand or gravel coming to the
city of London, and making and cleanſing drains ſame, ſo to prevent the choaking thereof: and
and fewers ſhall remain in the mayor, commo upon complaint at any time made of the want,
nalty, and citizens, to be executed by ſuch per- decay, or defect thereof, the commiſſioners will
fons as the mayor, aldermen, and common-coun forthwith cauſe the fame to be made or amended.
cil ſhall appoint.
6. That the fellowſhip of carmen of this city,
The commiſſioners of the fewers, in conſequence || having undertaken for one year, to commence
of theſe powers granted them by parliament, did, from the firſt of January, 1671, to ſweep and
on the firſt of March 1670, publiſh an act of com cleanſe the ſtreets, lanes, and common paſſages,
mon-council, which had been made the twen within the ſaid city and liberties, from dung, foil,
ty-ſeventh of October preceding. In this act, filth, and dirt, and to carry the fame, together
they appointed a lay-ſtall in Whitechapel-road, with what ſhall be brought out of the houſes of
leading to Mile-end, now called White-chapel the inhabitants, unto certain lay-ſtalls appointed
Mount; others contiguous to Dowgate-dock, to or that ſhall be appointed, by the ſaid commiſ-
Puddle-dock, and to Whitefriars-dock; and af ſioners for the time being, the ſeveral perſons by
ter having ſummed up the ancient cuſtoms and then employed in and about this affair, whoſe
other ſtatutes relative to the paving and cleanſing names, places of abode, number of tunbrils or
the ſtreets and lanes in the city of London, they carts, and the wards to which they are reſpectively
appointed the following rules, orders, and direc deſigned, are hereafter fet down, or ſuch others
as, by death or removal of any of them, ſhall be
employed therein, ſhall keep, obſerve, and fol.
1. That hereafter all ſtreets within this city, low the rules and orders hereafter following, viz.
called, known, or ſet down to be high ſtreets, 7. That they, their agents, or ſervants, ſhall
ſhall be paved round or cauſeway faſhion, and, come out with their tunbrils, or carts and horſes,
upon notice given to the commiſſioners of any on Mondays, Tueſdays, Wedneſdays, Thurſdays,
defective pavements in any of the ſtreets, lanes, and Fridays, in every week of the year, from the
and paſſages within this city and liberties, the eleventh of October, to the eleventh of February,
ſame ſhall be forth with made good and amended, by five of the clock every morning of the ſame
unleſs by general conſent fome better expedient || days, and not continue and remain in the ſtreets,
be found and publiſhed.
lanes, or paſſages, after the hour of nine of the
2. That inaſmuch as it hath been found by clock the fame morning; and from the eleventh
common experience, that the paviors, to hide of February, to the 11th of October to come out,
and cover their bad workmanſhip, have oftentimes as aforeſaid, by four of the clock every morning
ſpread and laid great quantities of gravel over of the ſame day, and not to continue or remain
their pavements, to greater charge to the perſons || in the ſtreets, lanes, or paſſages, after the hour
ſetting them on work than was needful, and of ſeven of the clock the ſame morning ; and
which, upon a ſudden rain, did either choak the upon every Saturday in the year to come out as
common fewers, or turn to dire and mire in the aforeſaid, by two of the clock in the afternoon of
ftreets; therefore the ſaid paviors are required, the ſame day, to remain and continue till night,
that hereafter they do forbear to lay or ſpread any if need be: and within the hours and times afore-
more gravel on the pavements than will only fill faid, ſhall cleanſe all the ſtreets, lanes and paffa-
up the joints of their work, and cauſe the ſame ges, every man within his or their reſpective di-
to be ſwept and well rammed, and leave the pave viſions, from its foil, filth, and dirt, by ſweeping
ments bare of gravel, and keep a regular method of the ſame, and carrying it away, together with
what
+
tions :

260
HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
what ſhall be brought out of the houſes of the ſame carried away, upon pain to forfeit five ſhil-
inhabitants to the lay-ftalls appointed, or that ſhall lings for every complaint duly proved.
be appointed, upon pain to forfeit, for every of 15. That the aforeſaid carmen, their agents or
fence, twenty fhilllings.
ſervants, and no other, ſhall alſo carry away, to
8. That the ſeveral inhabitants within this city the lay-ſtalls aforeſaid, all ſuch foil, dirt, and
and liberties, or their ſervants, do take care that dung, (rubbiſh or earth excepted) that ſhall be
the dirt, aihes, and ſoil of their houſes be in rea made or found in any of the houſes or ſtables of
dineſs for the carmen, their agents or ſervants, any inn-keeper, livery-ſtable-keeper, brewer,
either by ſetting out the fame over night in tubs, dyer, ſugar-baker, fope-maker or other trader or
boxes, baſkets, or other veſſels, near and conti inhabitant within any the wards to which they are
guous to their houſes, or by bringing out the ſame reſpectively appointed and deſigned ; for which
within convenient time before the hours for their ſuch quarterly allowance (over and above the cuf-
departure as aforeſaid.
tomary rates by the ſcavengers book) ſhall be
9. That the ſaid carmen, their agents, or fer made by the affeffors of each ward according to
vants, in their ſeveral wards or diviſions, with the their beſt diſcretion, reſpect being had to the trade,
aſſiſtance of the ſervants of the inhabitants who or other occaſions, in the making of more or leſs
are hereby directed to give ſuch aſſiſtance, ſhall, dung and foil by ſuch traders or inhabitants.
in times of froſt or ſnow, daily employ themſelves 16. That the aforeſaid carmen, their agents or
in the opening of the channels, and heaping up ſervants, and no other, ſhall take up and carry
the ice and ſnow, that fo the paſſages may be away, to ſuch perſons or places as will receive the
cleared ; and, upon a thaw of the ſame, that all ſame, all ſuch rubbiſh or earth that ſhall be made
the ſoil and filth found in the ſtreets, lanes, and or found within their reſpective wards or di-
paſſages, be carried away, upon pain of ten ſhil. viſions; for which there ſhall be paid them by
lings for every day's omiffion.
the owners or proprietors thereof one ſhilling per
10. That no perſon whatſoever do preſume to load, and no more, provided they carry it away
caſt out any foil, horſe-dung, or filth, or carry within one day after notice given for the conve-
the ſame into any ſtreet, lane, or common paf niency of the owners, and to avoid complaint of
fage, after the hours aforeſaid, either by night them, upon pain that the perſon, offending in
. or by day, upon the penalty that the perſon of either of theſe caſes, ſhall pay two ſhillings per
fending, if known, (and if a ſervant, his or her load.
maſter or miſtreſs) ſhall forfeit and pay five fhil. 17. That no other cunbril or cart than what is
lings, and if not known, the party againſt whoſe or ſhall be appointed and allowed by the ſaid com-
houſe the ſame ſhall be found, having been laid miſſioners, for doing the works aforeſaid, ſhall be
there in the day-time after the hours is mentioned, employed, or ſhallintermeddle with the carrying of
ſhall forfeit one ſhilling, which ſaid ſeveral for any ſoil, rubbith, earth, dung, paving ſtones,
feitures ſhall be paid, the one moiety to the diſ. Thames-gravel, or the like, within this city or
coverer, and the other to the carman or carmen liberties, bricks or tiles from the water-ſide within
appointed to cleanſe that ward wherein the offence the ſaid city and liberties, upon pain to pay, to
ſhall be committed.
the carman or carmen employed in cleanſing the
11. That the ſeveral tunbrils or carts, employed ſtreets, as aforeſaid, of the ward where this of-
or to be employed in this work, ſhall be marked fence ſhall be committed, two ſhillings for every
or numbered according to the number of carts load fo taken up, or carried in a tunbril or cart;
appointed for each ward, upon the penalty of two and for non-payment that ſuch tunbril or cart ſhall
Shillings for every load carried without ſuch be carried to the city's pound, called the Green-
mark.
yard, and there remain till payment thereof.
* 12. That the ſeveral carmen, undertakers in Provided, that if any of the ſaid carmen ſhall
this affair, ſhall ſet upon the fore part of his tun not, immediately after notice, employ himſelf in
bril or cart, open and plain to view, a board, | carrying the ſaid materials, to forfeit and pay two
whereon to be painted the city arms, the ward to ſhillings for every load thereof, and the owners at
which he or they are appointed, and the mark or liberty to employ foreign carts.
number of his tunbril or cart, upon the penalty 18. That no coachman, carman, carter, draya
of paying three ſhillings and four-pence a day for man, or other perſon, ſhall feed his or their horſe
want thereof, which ſaid marking is to betoken or horſes with hay or grains in the ſtreets, lanes,
the allowance of the commiſſioners, and to cau or common paſſages, within this city and liberties,
tion the in habitants from employing of foreign upon pain to forfeit and pay, for every offence,
two ſhillings and fix-pence over and above the
13. That the faid carmen, undertakers, their || like fum formerly impoſed and to be paid to the
agents or ſervants, ſhall give notice of their be-
governors of Chriſt's-hoſpital; the one moiety to
ing in the ftreets with their tunbrils or carts, by the diſcoverer and proſecutor, and the other to
loudly knocking a wooden clapper, eſpecially in the carman or carmen of the ward in which the
courts, allies, and other back paſſages, upon pain | ſaid offence ſhall be committed ; and, in caſe of
to forfeit three ſhillings and four-pence upon every non-payment, to carry the horſe or horſes to the
complaint duly proved.
city's pound, called the Greenyard, there to re-
14. That the ſaid carmen, their agents or fer main till payment thereof.
vants, do take care that the falls or ceſt-pools, 19. That none of the aforeſaid carmen, their
belonging to any grate within their reſpective | agents or ſervants, or other perſon or perſons, do
wards, be once in every week, or oftner if need ſweep the filth or ſoil of the ſtreets, lanes, or paf-
require, cleanſed of its dirt and filth, and the Il fages, into any of the channels of this city, in
time
carts.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
261
every offence.
cime of rain or otherwiſe, upon pain to pay fix ſo continue to do after warning, or be indicted
-
from time to time as a common nuiſance.
proved.
31. perſon,
20. That no man ſhall caſt or lay in the ſtreets, do throw out of gutters, or off roofs or other
lanes, common paſſages or channels, within this parts of houſes, any tiles, loam, or rubbiſh, into
city or liberties, any dogs, cats, inwards of beaſts, any ſtreet, lane, or common paſſage, but do
cleaves of beaſts feet, bones, horns, dregs or bring down the fame in baſkets or trays, upon
drofs of ale or beer, or any noiſom thing, upon pain to forfeit three ſhillings and four-pence for
pain of ten ſhillings for every offence.
21. That no man ſet a tunbril, car or cart, in 32. That no perſon or perſons do ſet out in the
the ſtreet by night-time upon pain to pay two ſtreets, lanes, or paſſages, any hogſheads, bar-
ſhillings, beſides ſatisfaction to any perſon hurt rels, or other caſks or veſſels, to hoop, waſh or
thereby
dry, or otherwiſe incumber the paſſage, upon pain
22. That, no man do ride or drive a tunbril, to forfeit and pay twenty fhillings for every of-
car, cart, or dray, a tror in the ſtreet, or fit on fence.
,
,
leſs another ſkilful perſon lead the horſe) upon pain the wards of Billingſgate, Bridge, Langborn,
to forfeit and pay two ſhillings; in caſe of non Cornhill, Candlewick, Wallbrook, Vintry, and
payment to carry the horſe to the pound, as afore Dowgate, ſhall be carried down to the lay-ſtall at
ſaid, to remain till payment thereof.
Dowgate-dock ; of the ward of Portſoken,
23. That no waggon, car or cart, ſhod with Tower, Aldgate, Duke's-place and Lime-ſtreet,
iron or ſpignails, or having more horſes than are to the lay-ſtall ſet out at Mile-end; of the ward
allowed by the aforeſaid act of common-council, of Biſhopſgate, within and without, to the lay-
ſhall take up any goods within this city or liberties, ſtall at Holloway-lane end, being part of a mea-
to carry for hire about the ſtreets, upon pain to dow there belonging to the city; of the ward of
pay five ſhillings for every offence; and, in caſe Cripplegate within and without, Alderſgate with-
of non-payment, to carry the horſe or horſes to out, Balliſhaw, Coleman-ſtreet, and Broad-ſtreet,
the aforeſaid pound till payment thereof.
to the lay.ſtall at Bun-hill; of the wards of
24. That no goung-fermer ſhall carry any or Cheap, Cordwainer, Queenhithe, and Bread-ſtreet,
dure till after ten o'clock in the winter, and ele to the lay-ſtall at or near Three-cranes, and in
ven o'clock in the ſummer at night, nor ſhall ſpill || Dung-hill-lane near Broken wharf, until ſuch time
any ordure in the ſtreets, upon pain to forfeit and as the publick wharf or key at the river-ſide ſhall
pay thirteen ſhillings and four-pence.
be laid open, and afterwards to the lay-ſtall at
25. That no pudding-cart of ſhambles ſhall go Puddle-dock; of the wards of Farringdon within,
out till after the hours laſt before mentioned, upon Caſtle-baynard, Alderfgate within, and St. Mar-
pain to forfeit fix ſhillings and eight- pence. tin's-le-grand, to the lay-ſtall at Puddle-dock ;
26. That no artificer, labourer, or other perſon, of the ward of Farringdon without to the lay-
ſhall make any ſtop or dam in any channel, nor ſtall at White-friars ; and this courſe to be uſed,
ſhall Nake any lime in the ſtreets, lanes, or paffa-
until the commiſſioners ſhall fee cauſe to alter the
ges, upon pain to pay two ſhillings for every of. ſame; and whoſo ſhall offend herein ſhall forfeit
fence,
and pay five ſhillings for every offence.
27. That no man ſhall feed any kine, goats, 34. That the carmen undertakers, their agents
hogs, or any kind of poultry, in the open ſtreets, or ſervants, ſhall have liberty to carry rubbiſh
upon pain to forfeit three ſhillings and four-pence from any parts of the city or liberties into the
for every offence.
vineyard near Aldgate, for levelling the ſame,
28. That no man ſhall caſt into the ditches or till the firſt of May next, and to ſhoot the ſame
ſewers, grates or gullets, of the city, any man there gratis, and after that time to pay ſuch ſum,
ner of carrion, ſtinking Aeſh, rotten oranges or for what they there ſhoot as the commiſſioners
onions, rubbiſh, dung, ſand, gravel, or any other
ſhall require.
thing that may ſtop the courſe of the fame, upon 35. That inaſmuch as the faid carmen have un-
pain of forfeiting forty ſhillings for every of dertaken to do this work in better manner and
ence.
to greater ſatisfaction than heretofore hath been
29. That no man ſhall make or continue any done, and the commiſſioners believing, from
widraught, ſeat or ſeats for houſes of eaſement what they have already obſerved, that they will
over, or drains into, any of the common ſewers, || accordingly perform the fame, do therefore ex-
without licence of the commiſſioners for the time hort all perſons, that ſhall be rated towards this
being, upon pain to forfeit forty ſhillings and work, willingly and readily to pay the ſame, fo
forty ſhillings a month for ſo long time as the to prevent trouble to themſelves, and diſcou-
ſame ſhall be continued after warning.
ragement to the ſaid carmen in a work of this na,
30. That no perſon or perſons do preſume to ture, ſo requiſite and neceſſary to the health and
keep any lay-ſtall for dung, rubbiſh, earth, or trade of the inhabitants of this city.
other foil, either at the water-ſide or other place 36. That the ſeveral pains and penalties before-
within this city or liberties, other than the com mentioned, not particularly expreſſed to whom to
mon or public lay-ſtalls appointed, or to be ſet be paid, ſhall be paid into the chamber of Lon-
out and appointed by the ſaid commiſſioners for don, upon ſummons or warning by the officers at-
the time being, upon pain to forfeit and pay two tending the commiſſioners, or either of them; or
pounds thirteen ſhillings and four-pence, and forty in default, the offender or offenders to be indicted
ſhillings a week for every week he or they ſhall at the ſeſſions for his or their reſpective offences.
22
u 1
37. That
13

262
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
I 20
170
I 20
200
160
120
}
200
100
IIO
IO
120
100
IOO
37. That if any of the aforeſaid carmen, their
4
agents or ſervants, do offend in any of the par St. Lawrence, Jury
ticulars aforeſaid, or otherwiſe relating to this af St. Mary Magdalen, Milk-ſtreet}
fair, that complaint be made thereof to the St. Magnus
commiſſioners at the Guildhall, who will deal St. Margaret, New Filh-ſtreet
, }
with them according to their offences.
St. Michael Royal
38. That the ſcavengers for the time being, in St. Martin Vintry
14.0
}
the ſeveral wards or precincts within the city and St. Matthew Friday-ſtreet
liberties, do take care, either by their own obfer St. Peter cheap
}
150
vations or complaints made to them by any of the St. Margaret Pattens,
inhabitants, that the ſaid carmen their agents or St. Gabriel Fenchurch
}
ſervants, do accordingly perform the ſeveral St. Mary at Hill
branches afore-mentioned to them relating, or to St. Andrew Hubbard
}
make complaint thereof to the commiſſioners, St. Mary Woolnorth
upon pain that the ſaid ſcavengers ſhall from time St. Mary Woolchurch
to time, for their negligence, or remiffneſs, be St. Clement Eaſtcheap
indicted at the ſeſſions, unleſs they ſhall ſubmit to St. Martin's Ogars
}
140
the cenſure and judgment of the ſaid commif St. Mary Abchurch
fioners for the time being.
St. Laurence Poultney
}
St. Mary Aldermary
The tythes of the city having been very un. St. Thomas Apoſtle's
150
equally levied, the parliament, in the year 1671, St. Mary le Bow
enacted, that inſtead thereof, the pariſhioners of St. Pancraſs Soper-lane
the underwritten reſpective pariſhes ſhould pay Allhallows, Honey-lane
to their miniſters annually the following ſums : St. Mildred Poultry
170
St. Mary Colechurch
£ St. Michael, Woodſtreer
Allhallows, Lombard-ſtreet
St. Mary Staining
}
St. Bartholomew, Exchange
St. Mildred, Bread-ſtreet
}
130
St. Bridget or St. Bride's
St. Margaret Moſes
St. Benet Finck
St. Michael, Queenhithe
160
St. Michael's, Crooked-lane
Trinity
St. Chriſtopher's
St. Mary Magdalen, Old filh-ſtreet
St. Dionis Back-church
}
St. Gregory
St. Dunſtan in the Eaſt
St. Mary Somerſet
St. James, Garlick-hithe
}
St. Mary Mounthaw
St. Michael, Cornhill
140
St. Nicholas Cole-abbey
St. Nicholas Olave's
}
St. Margaret, Lothbury
130
St. Michael, Baffiſhaw
132 TIS.
St. Olave Jewry,
}
St. Mary, Aldermanbury
150 St. Martin, Ironmonger-lane
St. Martin, Ludgate
St. Stephen, Walbrook
St. Peter's, Cornhill,
}
St. Bennet, Sherehog
St. Stephen, Coleman-ſtreet
St. Swithin
St. Sepulchre's
140
St. Mary Bothaw }
Allhallows, Breadſtreet
St. Vedaſt, alias Foſter's
}
140
St. John Evangeliſt
160
}
St. Michael le Quern
Allhallows the Great
Allhallows the Leſs S
}
Notwithſtanding this act the clergy fuffered
St. Alban's, Wood-ſtreet
greatly by many of the houſes in the reſpective
St. Olave's Silver-ſtreet $
170
pariſhes ſtanding untenanted. This, however,
St. Anne, St. Agnes, and
was adjuſted by lord-chancellor Harcourt, af-
}
140
St. John Zachary's
fifted by Mr. Baron Bury and Mr. Baron Price,
St. Auguſtine and St. Faith
172 on the 24th of December, 1713, who decreed,
St. Andrew Wardrobe
}
that the ſums aflefed purſuant to this act became
140
St. Ann, Black-friars
a real charge upon the houſes, buildings, and
St. Antholine
other hereditaments whereupon they were ſo af-
St. John Baptiſt
}
ſeffed, and that arrears might be levied by diſ-
St. Benet's, Grace-church
trefs and ſale of the goods of the preſent occu-
St. Leonard, Eaſtcheap
}
140
piers, which ſhall be found in or upon the ſaid
St. Benet, Paul's wharf
premiſes.
}
St. Peter, Paul's wharf
On the ſeventeenth of September 1674, the
Chriſt's-church
}
common-council, for the better regulation of
St. Leonard Foſter-lane
public markets, enacted, that any country per-
St. Edmund the King
}
180
ſon, not keeping ſhop, in or within two miles
St. Nicholas Acons
of London, may ſell openly in each market, all
St. George, Botolph-lanę
St. Botolph, Billingſgate
forts of butchery, poultry, and other country
}
proviſions, on Mondays, Wedneſdays, Fridays,
120
I 20
120
200
I IO
100
100
120
160
100
IIO
110
200
2,00
120
100
200
and

HIS TORE and SURVEY of LONDON.
263
nues.
and Saturdays. That a bell, in each reſpec- || London, lord almoner, and Lord-mayor of Lon-
tive market, Thall ring thrice every day; and if don, to ſettle all differences about the govern-
any perſon fell, or expoſe to ſale, any of the afore ment thereof, and the diſpoſition of their reve-
faid goods before the firſt bell rings, he ſhall be
proceeded againſt as a foreſtaller; or, if he ſells, The following year, about the beginning of
or expoſes to ſale any goods after the laft bell | May, the citizens diſcovered a horrid conſpiracy
has rung, he ſhall forfeit twenty ſhillings for each formed by the jeſuits and other papiſts, for de-
offence.
ſtroying the city of London a ſecond time by fire.
The market being principally intended for the One Elizabeth Oxley, a ſervant in Fetter-lane,
benefit and advantage of houſekeepers, and others, having ſet fire to her maſter's houſe, was appre-
who buy for their own uſe, to be ſpent in their hended and committed to priſon ; when ſhe con-
families, the common-council farther enacted, feffed the fact, and declared, that ſhe had been
that if any retailer or trader in this city, who | hired to do it by one Stubbs, a papiſt, who was
buys to fell again, do come into any of the ſaid || to give her five pounds as a reward. Stubbs be-
markets, to buy, or cauſe to be brought, or carry || ing immediately ſecured, confeſſed that he had
away, or cauſe to be carried away, any of the perſuaded her to it ; but that he himſelf had been
proviſions brought into the market to be fold, to prevailed on by one father Gifford, his confeſſor,
his, her, or their reſpective houſes or ſhops be who aſſured him, that inſtead of its being a fin,
fore the ringing of the bell, at ten o'clock in the it would be a great ſervice to the church, to burn
forenoon, ſuch offenders ſhall, for every offence, and deſtroy all the houſes of heretics , ſaying that
forfeit and pay the ſum of forty ſhillings.
he had converſed many times on that affair with
On the twenty-ninth of October 1675, the || Gifford and two Iriſhmen. And the maid and
Lord-mayor magnificently entertained his ma Stubbs jointly declared, that the papiſts in-
jefty at Guildhall, where he was moſt graciouſly tended to riſe in London, in expectation of being
pleaſed to accept the freedom of the city, from aſſiſted by a powerful army from France. Soon
the hands of Sir Thomas Player, the chamber after a proſecution was commenced againſt many
lain. In conſequence of this, the Lord-mayor, of the jeſuits for the above plot, and five of them
aldermen, and common-council, willing to tef were convicted and executed; and the king iſ-
tify their ſenſe of his majeſty's ſuperior condeſcen ſued a proclamation for baniſhing all papiſts
ſion to any of his progenitors, waited on him in from the city of London, and ten miles of the
the banqueting-houſe at Whitehall, on the eigh ſame.
teenth of December following, when the Lord This wicked plot ſo highly incenſed the citi-
mayor, on his knees, preſented his majeſty with zens of London againſt the papiſts, that on the
a copy of his freedom, in a large ſquare box of ſeventeenth of November, being the annual ſo-
maffy gold, and the feal thereof incloſed in ano- || lemnity of burning the pope, they were deter-
ther box of the ſame metal, beautifully enriched mined to fhew their abhorrence to popery, by
with large diamonds of great value, which his || celebrating the day with peculiar pompand mag-
majeſty accepted of, with many expreſſions of nificence. For which purpoſe, the proceſſion be-
great kindneſs to the city.
gan with a perſon on horſeback, perſonating Sir
In the year 1676, the common-council, being | Edmundbury Godfrey, (who was murdered by the
compoſed of many perſons, whoſe characters did papiſts for being too active in diſcovering their lace
not redound to the honour of that reſpectable | attrocious crimes) attended by a bell-man, pro-
body, it was ordered, by the Lord-mayor and claiming his execrable murder; then went a large
aldermen, on the twelfth of December, that the ſilver croſs, followed by prieſts in copes ; after
precepts to be iſſued for holding of wardmotes, theſe Carmelites and Grey-friars, followed by fix
require, that no perſon be choſen a common- jeſuits; then proceeded divers waiters ; and after
councilman, who has been convicted of defraud them ſeveral biſhops, ſome with lawn Neeves, and
ing in weights, meaſures, or ſuch like crimes, others adorned with copes and mitres: next went
nor any perſon who has compounded, through in ſix cardinals, who preceded the pope, enthroned
ability, to pay his debts.
in a ſtately pageant, attended by a great number
The following year, in the month of October, of boys with pots of incenſe, and the devil whiſ-
the marriage was concluded between William, || pering in his ear. About five o'clock in the eve-
prince of Orange, and the princeſs Mary, eldeſt ning, they marched in this order from Biſhopf-
daughter to the Duke of York. This news no
gate to Fleet-ſtreet, where they committed his
ſooner reached the city, than it was proclaimed holineſs to the fames, in the preſence of an in-
in all parts by ringing of bells, firing of guns, numerable multitude of ſpectators.
and every other mark which could demonſtrate On the tenth of May 1680, a moſt violent
univerſal ſatisfaction.
ſtorm of hail fell in this city and its neighbour-
In the year 1678, his majeſty granted a char hood, which did incredible damage ; the ſtones
ter for erecting a corporation for the relief of poor whereof were of ſuch prodigious ſize, that many
widows and children of clergymen, in which was of them meaſured above nine inches in circumfe.
ſet forth, that they ſhould be a body politic and
corporate, with perpetual ſucceſſion, and power Although the citizens received and entertained
to purchaſe and hold lands, to the value of two the duke of York on his arrival from Scotland,
thouſand pounds per annum, ſubject to the viſi with
great reſpect, yet the influence his highneſs
tation of the archbiſhop of Canterbury, Lord had in the cabinet, and over the king, his bro-
chancellor, archbiſhop of York, lord keeper of ther, deprived him by degrees of the hearts and
the great ſeal, lord high treaſurer, biſhop of || affections of the Londoners, who were determin-
ed,
rence.

264
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ed, for the future, to chuſe ſuch ſheriffs as were || ſupply, till they have effectually ſecured them
proof againſt the corruption of the court, and againſt popery and arbitrary power, they reſolved,
who would not ſuffer traitors to eſcape, as had | by God's aliſtance, to ſtand by their faid members
been lately done by ſeveral juries, to ſerve the in- with their lives and fortunes."
tereſt of the popiſh faction. For this purpoſe, In the year 1681, on the nineteenth of May,
on Midſummer-day following, the citizens, in the the common-council, (to prevent abuſes, which
intereſt of their country, put up and ſupported | had been diſcovered in the weighing of goods and
Slingſby Bethel and Henry Corniſh, in oppoſi- merchandize at the kings beam, to the prejudice
tion to Box and Nicholſon, who were offered by of the freemen of London) enacted, “ that an a-
the court; the former of whom, having obtained “ batement ſhall be made of the ancient duties
a very conſiderable majority, and a poll being de " and rates, unto all perſons that ſhall be ſellers
manded in behalf of the latter, a tumult enſued, “ to the freemen of the ſaid city, viz. That a
which was improved by the Lord-mayor, and “ freeman buying of a non-freeman's goods fold
other devotees to the duke of York, into a riot; by weight, ſhall be acquitted of the fourth part
who repreſenting it to the king in the moſt aggra " of the duties and rates which have been paid
vating manner, his majeſty, the ſame evening, “ by the freeman buyer thereof." They likewiſe
iſſued out a commiſſion for trying the rioters. || further enacted, " that the weigh-houſe ſhould
This, however, was ſo far from deterring the « be for the future in Little Eaſtcheap, and that
anti-courtiers, that they ſupported the country
" it ſhould be the market for hops of Engliſh
intereſt with greater ſpirit, and not only purſued “ growth brought into London.”
all meaſures for a vigorous proſecution againſt On the fifteenth of October following another
the popiſh conſpirators, but likewiſe for exclud- act of common-council paſſed, in which it was
ing the duke of York.
enacted, “ that every car, cart or caroon, ſhall
His majeſty, to prevent their proceeding in the “ have the arms of the city of London on its
enquiry into the popiſh plot, and in the bill of “ fhaft, and a piece of braſs with the number
excluſion, prorogued the parliament on the tenth " engraven on it, and that thoſe who ſhall work
of January, which ſo greatly affected the citizens
unlicenſed carrs ſhall, for every offence, pay,
of London, that on the thirteenth following, the
" thirteen ſhillings and four-pence.
Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common-council, About this time the duke of York's picture in
preſented a petition to his majeſty, repreſenting Guildhall being very much cut and mangled by
the prejudice it would be to him and the nation, ſome perſon unknown, (which was looked upon
ſhould the parliament's enquiry into the late plot by the York faction as an act of the city) the Lord,
be ſtopped and prevented; and the bad confe- mayor and aldermen, to remove the imputation
quences that muſt attend their being diſenabled of it, offered a reward of five hundred pounds
to proceed againſt chief juſtice Scroggs, and other
for diſcovering the perpetrator.
judges, impeached for treaſon. That, as the Soon after this the duke was invited by the ar-
welfare of the city, the proteſtant religion, and tillery company to their annual feaſt at Mere
tranquillity of the nation, were greatly endan-chant-taylor's-hall; which, as their captain-genes
gered thereby, they moſt humbly prayed, that ral he accepted of; and at the time prefixed, at-
his majeſty would be pleaſed to permit the par tended by a great number of the nobility, and
liament to fit from the day to which they were other perſonages, he was there entertained in a
prorogued.
very ſplendid and elegant manner. But the citi-
This petition ſo highly offended his majeſty, || zens, who were more active againſt popery, and
that inſtead of complying with their requeſt, he a popiſh ſucceſſion, and, as it were, in oppoſition
immediately diſſolved the parliament; and writs
to the abovementioned entertainment, appointed
being iſſued out for a new election, the citizens a public meeting, with a ſermon and a dinner, as
applied themſelves fo diligently, that notwith- || is uſual among public ſocieties; and the gueſts
ſtanding the greateſt efforts uſed by the court-par were invited by a ticket to the following purport:
ty to oppoſe them, they carried their election with “ It having pleaſed Almighty God, by his won-
a high hand, in favour of their late four worthy “ derful providence, to deliver and protect his
repreſentatives, to whom the citizens immediately majeſty's perſon, the proteſtant religion, and
gave the following inſtructions : firſt," thanking Engliſh liberties, hitherto, from the helliſh
them for their faithful and unwearied endeavours, " and frequent attempts of their enemies the pa-
in the two laſt parliaments, to ſearch into and diſ “ pifts; in teſtimony of thankfulneſs herein, and
cover the deſign of the popiſh plot, to preſerve “ for preſerving and improving mutual love and
his majeſty's royal perſon, the proteſtant religion, charity among ſuch as are ſenſible thereof, you
and the well eſtabliſhed government of this realm, “ are deſired to meet many of the loyal proteſtant
to ſecure the meeting and ſitting of frequent par “ nobility, gentry, clergy, and citizens, on Friday
liaments, to aſſert our undoubted rights of peri " the twenty-firſt inſt. April 1682, at ten of the
tioning, and to punith ſuch as have betrayed thoſe 66 clock, at St. Michael's church, in Cornhill,
rights; to promote the long-wiſhed-for union of " there to hear a ſermon, and from thence to go
his majeſty's proteſtant ſubjects, to repeal the " to Haberdafher’s-hall to dinner, and to bring
thirty-fifth of Elizabeth, and the corporation act,
" this ticket with you.” This amicable propo-
and more eſpecially for their aſſiduous endeavours || ſition being repreſented to the king and council,
in promoting the bill of excluſion of James duke in a moſt dangerous light, on the nineteenth of
of York.” And concluded thus: “ that being the ſaid month, they iſſued out an order, ſtrictly
confidently aſſured, that the ſaid members for the || charging and commanding them, as they ſhould
city will never conſent to the granting any money anſwer the contrary at their peril, " To take im-
46 mediate
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
265
cmediate and effectual care to prevent and hinder ſuffering him to go on. Mr. recorder then ſtep-
“ the ſaid meeting, as an unlawful aſſembly.” ped on the huſtings, and made a ſpeech ; in which
Party-racter running very high, each ſide ex he fet forth the excellency of government in ge-
erted themſelves to ſecure the ſheriffs of London neral, and the happineſs particularly of our own,
and Middleſex in their intereſt. And the Lord and eſpecially of this great and oppulent city,
mayor, who was a tool to the court, inſiſted on more immediately as to their great privilege of
his right of nominating one, by the ceremony of chooſing their own ſheriffs; citing for the ſame,
drinking to a fellow-citizen; and accordingly, at the grant of the charter of king John, &c. After
the Bridge-houſe feaſt, on the eighteenth of May, this the Lord-mayor and aldermen withdrew, and
his lordſhip was pleaſed to paſs the compliment | Mr. common ſerjeant offering to ſpeak, the com-
of drinking to Dudley North, Eſq; a ceremony, mon-ball cried, “ election ! election! and the
by which the perſon ſo drank to, has been looked work of the day !” but the ſheriffs defiring their
upon as put in nomination, or to be, in the judge patience, he went on and ſpake a few words re-
ment of the chair, a very fit man to be one of the lating in general to the buſineſs of the day.
ſheriffs, if he ſhall be elected by the common-hall. The hall then proceeded in the uſual ancient
In conſequence of this nomination, Mr. North, method; and the conteſt about confirmation being
before he was choſen by the common-hall, and relinquiſhed, there were put in nomination for
indeed a conſiderable time before the election, ſheriffs the before named Dudley North, Thomas
came to a court of aldermen, and gave bond to Papillion, John Dubois, and Ralph Box, eſquires.
hold ſheriff. After which, the Lord-mayor iſſued On a view of the hands the election was declared
forth his precept to the ſeveral companies in the to fall upon Mr. Papillion and Mr. Dubois, they
following unaccuſtomed manner :
having apparently the majority by one thouſand
or twelve hundred hands. However, a poll was
By the Mayor.
demanded and granted for all the ſaid four candi-
" Theſe are to acquaint you, that at Midſum-
dates,
mer-day next, being the day appointed, as About three o'clock the poll began; previous
“ well for confirmation of the perſon who hath to which eight or nine books and writers were pre-
“ been by me choſen, according to the ancient || pared in Guildhall-yard, and perſons to inſpect
" cuſtom and conſtitution of the city, to be them on either ſide. Some deſired that a diſtinct
one of the ſheriffs of this city and county column might be adapted for ſuch as were for
" of Middleſex; for the year enſuing, as for the confirmation ; but that being before reſolved in
“ election of the other of the ſaid ſheriffs, and the negative, and the only diſpute now not being
“ other officers; you cauſe the livery of your for or againſt confirmation, but which two of the
company to meet together at your common four gentlemen ſhould be choſen by the common-
“ hall, early in the morning, and from thence hall for ſheriffs, the ſame was refuſed as impracti-
to come together, decently
and orderly in their cable and impertinent; but all left at liberty to
gowns, to Guildhall, there to make the ſaid poll for which of the four competitors they
66 confirmation and election. Given the nine: || pleaſed.
€6 teenth of June, 1682.
The choice appearing likely to fall on Papillion
" JOHN Moor." and Dubois, many that were for North and Box
applied themſelves to the Lord-mayor, ſuggeſting,
This precept occaſioned
great diſtraction
as if they were denied to poll, and that many of
among the companies; fome iſſuing out fum their party were abſent, and the like complaints,
mons to their members to meet and chooſe ſheriffs, occaſioned his lordſhip’s coming to the hall; where,
&c. as anciently: others after this new mode, for ſending for the ſheriffs into the council-chamber,
confirmation and election ; and ſome only, for
they excuſed themſelves for the preſent, being buſy
electing city officers. However, on the twenty in the work of the day, but promiſed to wait on
third of June the matter being taken into debate his lordſhip as ſoon as the poll was over.
His
at the court of aldermen, after ſome time it was lordſhip went to the polling place, and ſeemed
deſired, that Mr. recorder would deliver his ſen to forbid their farther proceeding; but the ſheriffs
timent; who, in a judicious ſpeech, gave his
offered ſeveral reaſons why they ought to go on,
opinion, that the right of election of both the being in the legal diſcharge of their office, and ſo
ſheriffs lay in the commonalty ; and that the continued the poll.
fheriffs, pro tempore, were judges of the poll, if The mayor, and fome few aldermen came
any were,
and the whole court acquieſced to the huſtings about ſeven o'clock in the
therein. On which ſome companies, who had || evening, where the common-crier, by direction
ſent out fummons for confirmation and election, from his lordſhip, ſpoke to the company in the
awarded new ones only for election.
hall to the following purpoſe : “ All you that
The appointed time for choice being arrived, " were fummoned to appear here this day, are re-
the livery aſſembled very numerous in common " quired to depart, and to give your attendance
hall. And after the Lord-mayor and aldermen on Tueſday at nine o'clock in the morning.”
were arrived on the huſtings, the common-cryer The occaſion not being mentioned, ſome of the
made proclamation, and ſaid to this purpoſe : || people aſked, for what? but the generalitý called
you gentlemen of the livery of London attend a poll! a poll !" His lordfhip going ſoon after,
your confirmation.” On which the common-hall the ſheriffs continued the poll as before, intending,
vigorouſly interrupted, and cried, “no confirma for the caſe of their fellow citizens, to have diſ-
tion ! no confirmation!” and continued to urge patched it that night ; but it growing near nine
their right in that behalf near half an hour, not o'clock, and there being ſome ſmall number of
23
perſons
60
66
XXX

266
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
perſons who then unſeaſonably demanded to be in Theſe arbitrary proceedings are a convincing
polied, the ſheriffs thought proper to adjourn for proof that the court was determined to carry their
half an hour into the hall : in which time there point at any rate: not that their motives roſe from
were aſſembled in the great-hall three or four a principle of ſerving any particular man, but for
thouſand people, calling out, a hall! a hall!” ſecuring the ſheriffs of London in their intereſt;
till the ſheriffs came upon the huſtings; one of by which means they could ſelect ſuch juries as
whom ſpoke as follows: “Gentlemen, we have might acquit or condemn thoſe whom they
« had a poll to day, and we the ſheriffs, as we pleaſed to favour or ruin. As a proof of which
are the king's miniſters, ſo we have done and we refer to the juries that found lord Ruſſel guilty
" will act therein with all fairnefs and honeſty, as of treaſon: that fined alderman Pilkington, on a
66 becomes us. My Lord-mayor hath taken upon falſe information of Sir William Hooker and Sir
« him to adjourn this court: but we do now tell Henry Tulſe, one hundred thouſand pounds for
you, that we do adjourn the court until Tueſ- || ſaying, “ that the duke of York had fired the
day morning nine o'clock, then to declare the city, and was now come to cut their throats :">
"5 poll, or to poll any ſuch as have right to poll, and that brought in Sir Patience Ward guilty of
« and have not yet polled already.” After which perjury, becauſe he, on the trial of alderman
the ſheriffs went home, attended by a great con Pilkington, ſwore that he did not hear him ſay
courſe of citizens, who followed them with loud the words above-recited.
and grateful acclamations of " God bleſs the pro The common-council having appointed a com-
“ teſtant ſheriffs, God bleſs Papillion and Du mittee to inſpect the acts and proceedings entered
" bois, &c.”
into the journals of the court in the times of uſure
The Lord mayor, however, made complaint to pation, or at any time before or ſince, that might
the king and council of his having been inſulted: be fit co be explained or repealed; the faid com-
on which he, together with the aldermen and ſhe mittee, on the ſixth of June 1683, made the fol-
riffs were ordered to attend the privy-council on lowing report :
the Monday following: when Mr. Pilkington and
Mr. Shute, the ſheriffs and alderman Corniſh, || To the right honourable the Lord-mayor, aldermen,
were committed priſoners to the Tower by war and commons of the city of London, in como
rant ſigned by twenty-four privy-counſellors; who, mon-council aſſembled.
at the ſame time gave orders to the attorney-ge-
neral to proſecute with the utmoſt ſeverity all ſuch " Whereas by a late order of this honourable
as ſhould be found to have been promoters and
« court it was referred unto us, whoſe names are
encouragers of the late tumult.
ſubſcribed, to inſpect the acts and other pro-
On the Friday following theſe priſoners were ceedings entered in the journals of this court
admitted to bail at the king's bench bar, by " in the times of uſurpation, or at any time be-
virtue of the Habeas Corpus act; and on the firſt fore or ſince, that may be thought fit to be ex-
of July, they called a common-hall; where, in “ plained or repealed; now we do humbly certify,
defiance to the Lord-mayor's order to the recor " That in purſuance of the ſaid order, we have
der to adjourn it to the ſeventh, they proceeded peruſed and examined the journals of this court
in the election, and declared Papillion and 6c in the times of the late rebellion, wherein we
Dubois duly elected.
“ find not only many innovations and irregulari-
This ſo irritated the Lord-mayor, that he and “ ties brought into this court and the government
his party met at Guildhall on the fourteenth, «s of this city; but alſo moſt pernicious and abo-
when his lordſhip produced an order of council « minable proceedings, in abetting and carrying
to begin all proceedings anew, and to carry them on thoſe wicked and unnatural diviſions then
on in the uſual manner as they ought to have
“ raiſed in the kingdom, and ſerving the uſurpa-
been on the twenty-fourth of June lait.
65 tion of thoſe times. All, or moſt of which,
This order was vigorouſly oppoſed by many of we perſuade ourſelves, could never have had
the moſt eminent citizens, as an innovation tend place in this court, had not violence been of-
ing to deſtroy their ancient rights and privileges. « fered to the government of this city, the Lord-
The Lord-mayor, however, in obedience to mayor been arreſted and impriſoned, divers
the ſaid order, declared North duly elected by 66-loyal aldermen and commons, fome impriſoned,
him, without the ſanction of a common-hall ; and “ others diſgraced, and all loyal citizens ge-
then proceeded to a poll for another ſheriff, to “ nerally diſcountenanced and diſcouraged ; and
which none coming that had voted for Papillion “ others of factious, unquiet, and turbulent fpi-
and Dubois at the former election, Box was cho 6c rits, got themſelves into the common-council,
ſen without oppoſition ; and North and he were « and made up the greater number therein. All
returned duly elected, while Papillion and Du " which acts and proceedings might, as they well
bois were left to ſeek their remedy at law.
« deſerve, be obliterated and wholly expunged,
Soon after Box, finding that the manner of his 6c that no remembrance thereof ſhould be tranſ-
election could not be legally juſtified, prudently « mitted to poſterity, to the ſhame and diſhonour
declined ſerving the office, by paying the ac “ of this court and city ; but that other matters
cuſtomed fine of exemption. In conſequence of « are therewith intermixed, which for the ſub-
which a common-hall was ſummoned to proceed « ſtance of them are, in our opinions, inoffenſive,
to a new election; when Mr. Peter Birch being «s uſeful, and fit to be continued. Several com-
choſen, he, together with Mr. North, was ſworn “ mittees have formerly been appointed by this
in before the Lord-mayor.
court to obliterate the ſaid unjuſt proceedings,
65 and

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
267
66
26
66
C6
" and there are lines crofled over divers of them, " the welfare of this city ſo much depends; and
which, we preſume, were made by the ſaid feuds and animoſities have thereby ariſen, and
« committees; but not being thereby obliterated, are ſtill too much continued among many citi-
“ and ſtill remaining in the books as the acts and zens;
and other manifold inconveniencies and
“ proceedings of this court, and never having 66 miſchiefs have been occaſioned thereby to this
“ been particularly diſclaimed and repealed by " city, and greater may enſue, if due remedy be
any vote or act of this court, that we have ob not provided to take away and remove all oc-
66 ſerved; we think it very fitting, that the ſame caſion of the like differences for the future :
" and all other like diſloyal and irregular pro " for prevention therefore of the ſaid miſchiefs,
ceedings, ſhould by an expreſs act of this court, " and to remove all diſputes and controverſies
" be renounced, repealed, and made abſolutely " that may ariſe in time to come, touching the
“ null and void. Which proceedings, or moſt of " confirmation of ſuch perſon as ſhall be choſen
« them, we have here ſet down and preſent to to be one of the ſaid ſheriffs by the Lord-mayor,
" this honourable court for that purpoſe ; and " for the time being. Be it declared and enacted,
« deſire that ſome few of them may be here " by the authority aforeſaid, that hereafter the
openly read, to beget in this court, as it hath “ perſon who ſhall be nominated and elected ac-
“ done in us, a juſt abhorrence and deteſtation cording to ancient uſuage, by the Lord-mayor of
" of ſuch proceedings."
" this city for the time being, to be one of the
" ſheriffs of the city of London and county of
After reciting the heads and dates of theſe pro 66 Middleſex, and ſuch election ſhall be declared
ceedings, the ſaid report continues thus:
to the commons of the ſaid city, aſſembled in
common-hall, upon the twenty-fourth day of
e All which particulars aforeſaid being highly “ June, being the day appointed by the afore-
56 diſloyal, or favouring of the faction and uſur « recited act, as well for confirmation and allow-
pation of thoſe unhappy times, are fit by act of ance of ſuch perſon as ſhall be choſen and
os this court to be diſclaimed, revoked, abrogated, “ elected by the Lord-mayor to be ſheriff of the
< and repealed to all intents and purpoſes what ſaid city and county, as alſo for the choice and
“ foever; which as it will demonſtrate the loyalty " election of ſuch other perſons as by the Lord-
" and good affections of the preſent members of mayor; aldermen, and commons, ſhall be cho-
“ this court to his majeſty and the eſtabliſhed “ fen to be ſheriffs of the ſaid city and county,
government, and vindicate them from all im « ſhall there, by the ſaid commons, be confirmed
as putation of the like pernicious and deſtructive 66 and allowed to be one of the ſheriffs of the ſaid
principles and practices, and will alſo expreſs city and county accordingly. And that upon
66 their dinike of all factious innovation in the propoſing the ſaid perſon to be confirmed to the
“ ufages and conftitutions of this city ; ſo will “ faid common-hall, in cafe any hands ſhall be
" it prevent any ill uſe that may be made in time “ holden up in token of confirmation, the ſaid
to come of the ſaid irregular actions."
“ perſon ſhall be taken to be confirmed and al-
“ lowed: and then another perſon ſhall be choſen,
Theſe reports being openly read in court, they “ by majority of hands, to be the other of the ſaid
were approved of, agreed, to, and confirmed. ſheriffs, and to join with him that ſhall be ſo
And it was enacted by the Lord-mayor, alder 56 confirmed; any former law, uſuage, or other
men and commons, that all the ſeveral acts, matter whatſoever to the contrary notwith-
« orders, and proceedings, therein propounded
"ſtanding."
to be diſclaimed and repealed, be repealed and The court, having long before determined to
" made void ; and they and every of them were, " ſeize on the chartered rights of the citizens,
" by authority of the court, diſclaimed, re “ took this additional opportunity of executing
" pealed and made null and void.”.
" their intentions. And in the Michaelmas term
The ſaid court then paſſed an act for regulating “ following, a quo warranto was iſſued, by the
the election of ſheriffs : in which it was enacted, attorney-general, for overthrowing the city
" that every perſon choſen ſheriff of London “ charters, and depriving them of the rights
" and county of Middleſex, and refuſing to
(6 and liberties therein contained."
“ ſerve the ſaid office; ſhall pay four hundred The information of this quo warranto ſet forth,
pounds to the mayor and commonalty of the " that the mayor and commonalty and citizens
« faid city, unleſs he can purge himſelf upon “ of the city of London, by the ſpace of a month
" oath on account of his want or defect of ability laſt paſt, and more, uſed, and yet did claim to
“ in wealth : if an alderman he ſhall pay fix
have or uſe, without any lawful warrant or regal
« hundred. And whereas it hath been an ancient grant, within the city of London aforeſaid, the
“ cuſtom and uſuage in chooſing the ſheriffs of “ liberties and privileges of the ſame city, viz.
“ London and county of Middleſex allowed and « theſe liberties and privileges following: 1. To
« approved by divers acts of common-council, "s be of themſelves a body politic, by the name
“ for the Lord-mayor to elect a perſon to be one mayor and commonalty and citizens of the
66 of the ſaid ſheriffs, and the commons in com “ city of London. To be ſheriffs of the city of
6 mon-hall, to confirm the ſaid election; and “ London and county of Middleſex, and to
" there have been of late great and fierce diſ name, elect, make, and conſtitute them. 3.
putes and conteſts within this city touching “ That the mayor and aldermen of the ſaid city
“ the faid uſage, which hath given great difturb were juſtices of peace, and held ſeſſions of
ance to very many good citizens, and offence peace. All which liberties privileges, and
to his majeſty, upon whoſe grace and favour “ franchiſes, the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and
citizens
1

268
É ISTORÝ and SURVEY of È ONDON.
room.
“ citizens of London, upon the king, had by the the recorder, or ſenior alderman ; the citizens
ſpace aforeſaid uſurped, and yet did uſurp.” ſhäll, within one week, proceed to a new choice :
This conduct of the court aroſe from a petition and, if his majefty ſhall, in hike manner, diſap-
which had been preſented to the king by the city, prove the ſecond choice, his majeſty may, if he
on his proroguing the parliament, when they were pleaſe, nominate a perfon to be Lord-mayor for
about to try ſeveral noble perſons on the popiſh the enſuing year.
plot ; and for their printing and publiſhing the 5. If his majefty ſhall, in like manner, diſap-
faid petition, which was deemed feditious, and prove the perfons choſen to be ſheriffs, or either
poſſeſſing the people with an ill opinion of the of them, his majeſty may appoint perſons to be
king and his government.
ſheriffs for the enſuing year.
Notwithſtanding all the arguments uſed by the 4. That the Lord-mayor and court of aldermen
citizens to ſupport their conduct, and defend the may alſo, with the leave of his majeſty, difplace
infringement on their dear-bought liberries and aný alderman, recorder, &c.
privileges, yet the miniſtry were determined, at 5. Upon the election of an alderman, if the
all events, to cruſh them. Accordingly the coun court of aldermen ſhall judge and declare the
fel and judges having diſplaced thoſe from the perſon preſented to be unfit, the ward ſhall chuſe
bench who diſapproved of theſe proceedings, again ; and, upon a diſapproval of a ſecond
juſtice Jones, on the twelfth of June 1683, pro choice, the court may appoint another in his
nounced the following ſentence againſt the city :
6. The juſtices of the peace are to be by the
That a city might forfeit its charter ; that king's commiffion; and the ſettling of theſe mat.
“ the malverſations of the common-council were ters to be left to his majeſty's attorney and folli-
" acts of the whole city; and that the two points citor-general, and council learned in law.
" ſet forth in the pleadings, were juſt grounds To which the ford keeper added, " that theſe
«r for the forfeiting of a charter. Upon which pre- || regulations being made, his majeſty would not
miſes, the proper concluſion ſeemed to be, only pardon this proſecution, but confirm their
" that therefore the city of London had forfeited charter in ſuch a manner as ſhould be conſiſtent
C their charter."
with them.” Concluding thus: “ My Lord-
mayor, the term draws towards an end, and Mid-
Although it was judged that the king might ſummer day is at hand, when fome of the officers
ſeize the liberties of the city; yet, being afraid uſed to be chofen: whereof his majeſty will re-
of the conſequences, the attorney-general, con ferve the approbation. Therefore, it is his ma-
trary to what is uſual in ſuch caſes, was directed | jeſty's pleaſure, that you return to the city, and
to move, that the judgment might not be re conſult the common-council, that he may fpeedily
corded.
know your reſolutions thereupon: and accordingly
The citizens being greatly ſurprifed at this un- give his directions. That you may ſee the king
juſt and arbitrary ſentence, a common council is in earneft, and the matter is not capable of
was immediately ſummoned to deliberate on this delay, I am commanded to let you know, he
exigency. At which the country party moved to hath given order to his attorney-general to enter
have the judgment entered. This, however, was upon judgment on Saturday next, unlefs you
over-ruled by the court party, who inſiſted upon prevent it by your compliance in all theſe parti-
an abſolute ſubmiſſion to the king, before judg- || culars.”
ment was entered ; and though this was in effect In conſequence of this order, a common-coan-
a voluntary ſurrender of the city liberties, and cil was immediately ſummoned, when the friends
depriving themſelves of the means of obtaining of liberty treated theſe ſlavilh conditions with the
the judgment reverſed, the act of fubmiſſion was contempt they deſerved; declaring, at the fame
carried by a great majority. And, in a petition time, that they were ready to ſacrifice all that was
from the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common near and dear to them, rather than ſubmit to fuch
council, “ they acknowledged their own mifgo- | arbitrary impoſitions, However, when the quef-
vernment, and his majeſty's lenity ; begged his tion was pat, it was carried for a ſubmiffion by a
pardon, and promiſed conſtant loyalty and majority of eighteen.
“ obedience; and humbly begged his majeſty's Notwithſtanding the citizens complied with
or commands and directions."
every thing the king required of them, in reſpect
The anſwer returned by his majeſty was,
that
to their charter, yet he departed from his promiſe,
he would not reject their ſuit, if they would agree and commanded the quo warranto to be entered ;
to the following particulars :
which was no ſooner effected, than he commif-
1. That no Lord-mayor, ſheriff, recorder, fioned Sir William Pritchard, the Lord-mayor,
common-ferjeant, town-clerk, or coroner of the to hold the ſaid office during his majeſty's plea-
city of London, or ſteward of the Borough of fure : in which manner he appointed the feriffs.
Southwark, ſhall be capable of, or admitted to, At the ſame time he appointed William Jenner
the exerciſe of their reſpective offices, before his recorder of the city, in the room of Sir George
majefty ſhall have approved them under his fign || Treby, diſplaced ; degraded eight aldermen in
manual.
the country intereft, appointed eight others to fup-
2. That, if his majeſty ſhall diſapprove the ply their places; and, on the twentieth of Octo-
choice of any perſon to be Lord-mayor, and || ber, appointed Sir Henry Tulſe one of the infor-
ſignify the fame under his ſign manual to the mers againſt Pilkington, to execute the office of
Lord-mayor, or, in default of a Lord-mayor, to Mayor during pleaſure.
92
Int

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
269
In the year 1684, a violent froſt began about The year following, king Charles II. being
the beginning of December, and continued ſo ſeized with a kind of apoplectic fit, languiſhed
ſharp till the fifth of February following, that the only a few days, and died on the ſixth of Febru-
Thames appeared as firm as the land; and all ary, in the fifty-fifth year of his age, and thirty-
manner of trades, and every kind of diverſion fifth of his reign.
were exerciſed upon it.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
King James II's acceffion. Alderman Corniſh executed before his own houſe. Duke of Mon-
mouth beheaded. The city charter reſtored. King James II. abdicates the throne. Deftruc-
tion of the maſs-boufes in London. Death of lord-chancellor Jefferies. Prince of Orange's
order for a convention of parliament. The citizens lend the government 200000l. Acceſ-
ceffion of king William and queen Mary. Addreſs of the city to the king. King and queen
dine at Guildhall
. Act of parliament for reſtoring the city to its ancient franchiſes. Speaker
of the houſe of commons degraded. Death of queen Mary. I he king's public entry into the
city. The pretender proclaimed on the deaths of James II. Death of William III. and ac-
ceſſion of queen Anne. Day of thankſgiving. Violent ſtorm of Wind. Regulation of the
city watch.
A&t of common-council for preventing fires. A prodigious
fall of flies. Meet-
ing-houſes deſtroyed. A&t of parliament for building fifty new churches. Deſcription of
St. Paul's.
O
N the demiſe of king Charles II. the duke
of York, who had a long time governed
in the king's name, aſcended the throne
by the title of James II, and the arbitrary mea-
ſures impoſed on the citizens in the late reign,
were ſtill preſerved in the preſent. For the firſt
ſtep taken by the king, after his acceſſion, was
the iſſuing out a proſecution againſt alderman
Corniſh, who had exerted himſelf, when ſheriff,
in the year 1680, to detect and proſecute the
popiſh plot. In conſequence of which, on the
13th of October 1685, he was apprehended and
committed to Newgate, without the uſe of pen,
ink, or paper, till the Saturday following, when
he received notice, that an indictment of high
creaſon was preferred againſt him, and that he was
to be tried on the Monday following. During
this ſhort interval, he earneſtly requeſted time to
prepare for his defence; but the attorney-general
abruptly told him, that he had not ſo well de-
ſerved of the government, as to expect ſuch an
indulgence. And although he ſtrongly urged
that his moſt material evidence was then above
one hundred and forty miles from London, yet,
on the Monday following, he was indicted for
conſpiring with other falſe traitors to raiſe a re-
bellion in the kingdom, in the late reign, to de-
ſtroy the king, and ſubvert the conſtitution. The
principal evidence againſt him was colonel Ram-
ſay, an infamous and profligate villain, and one
Goodenough, who had been outlawed, but was
pardoned on purpoſe, that he might have the op-
portunity of bearing teſtimony againſt him. And
notwithſtanding the evidence of theſe two baſe
men, did not in the leaſt affect the priſoner, he
was nevertheleſs condemned, and, on the twenty-
third of the ſame month, hanged, drawn, and
quartered, facing his own houſe, at the end of
King-ſtreet, Cheapfide.
23
This year the duke of Monmouth was be-
headed on Tower-bill. When he went to the
ſcaffold, he was attended by a very ſtrong guard,
who were ordered, in caſe of a reſcue, (as was
apprehended, he being the favourite of the people)
to ſhoot him. When he laid his head on the
block, and made the ſignal, the executioner ſtruck
three times ineffectually, and then threw down the
ax, declaring, that he could not go on; but the
ſheriff compelled him to reſume the work, which,
with three other ſtrokes, he finiſhed.
In the year 1687 there arrived in England
fifteen thouſand five hundred French proteſtants,
who had been compelled to fly from the perſecu-
tion of their reformed religion in France. Theſe
unhappy people were immediately relieved by mo-
ney ariſing from a brief, on which was collected
the ſum of ſixty-three thouſand ſeven hundred
and thirteen pounds, two ſhillings and three-
pence. And out of the above number thirteen
thouſand five hundred, ſettled in and about the
city of London and parts contiguous.
The following year the archbiſhop of Canter-
bury, with ſix other biſhops, were committed to
the Tower. Soon after which they were brought
to their trial, and acquitted.
In conſequence of theſe arbitrary proceedings,
the moſt zealous patriots came to a reſolution of
inviting the prince of Orange to come with an
armed force, and deliver them from that ſlavery,
oppreffion and popery, to which otherwiſe their
laws and religion muſt ſubmit.
This was no ſooner heard at court, than the
king ordered his chancellor Jefferies to carry back
the charter of the city of London, with the grants
under the broad ſeal for reſtoring the ſame. And
the nexe day the Lord-mayor held a ſpecial court
of aldermen, when an order was made for reſtor-
ing the liverymen of the ſeveral companies of the
city,
Y y Y

270
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
warranto.
10
cicy, that were on the livery at the time when “ drawing himſelf, we preſume to make your
judgment was given againſt the city upon the quo highneſs our refuge, and do, in the name of
Which order the clerks of the ſeveral " this capital city, implore your highneſs's pro-
companies were enter in their reſpective tection; and moſt humbly beſeech your high-
books.
"s neſs to repair to this city, where your highneſs
Information being received of the prince of " will be received with univerſal joy and ſatis-
Orange landing at Torbay, the king declared his 66 faction."
reſolution to march againſt him with his army.
On which occaſion he ſent for the Lord-mayor, Notwithſtanding the greateſt precautions were
and earneſtly recommended to him the care of the taken to preſerve the peace of the cities of Lon-
city during his abſence: told him that he had left don and Weſtminſter, yet the magiſtrates could
fufficient troops for their defence; and that upon not prevent the populace from affaulting the pa-
any emergency he might apply to the privy-coun: || piſts, whom they looked on as the authors of their
cil for aſſiſtance and advice, at the ſame time af late misfortunes and preſent diſtractions. They
ſuring him, that if he returned victorious, he || furiouſly fell upon the new-erected maſs-houſes
would punctually perform all he had promiſed, both in the city and ſuburbs, which they plun-
for the ſecurity of their religion and liberties. dered, burnt and levelled to the ground with the
This ſecurity, however, was providentially greateſt acclamacions. Nor did their fury ſtop
brought about and eſtabliſhed upon much better here: for being informed that the principal pa-
engagements, and a more laſting foundation : for piſts had taken fanctuary in the houſes of the
the defection became ſo general, not only in moſt Spaniſh and Tuſcan ambaſſadors, where they had
parts of the kingdom, but likewiſe in the army, depoſited their beſt and moſt valuable effects, they
that it occaſioned the king's ſpeedy return to Lon plundered every thing of value, and what they
don; where, apprehending himſelf in great dan could not take away they burnt. But, by the
ger, he reſolved to provide for his ſecurity by ab- || ſucceeding parliament, the ambaſſadors received
dicating the throne and leaving the kingdom. ample ſatisfaction for their reſpective loffes. They
In this reign-the ſettlement of Carolina was ef afterwards proceeded to the king's printing-houſe,
fected ; and that of Penſylvania was alſo com where all the papers found therein were commit-
pleated by one Pen, a leading perſon among the ted to the flames.
quakers, who poſſeſs a great part of the colony About this time, lord-chancellor Jeffries, who,
to this day.
in order to facilitate his eſcape, lay concealed in
As ſoon as the king's fight was known, the Wapping, diſguiſed in a ſeaman's habit, being
lords ſpiritual and temporal met at Guildhall, and obſerved by a clerk in chancery careleſsly looking
ſigned and publiſhed their declaration to apply to out of the window, was ſeized by the mob, who
the prince of Orange, and to aſſiſt his highneſs to treated him with ſuch feverity, that he died in a
obtain a free parliament, and to be ready to do [hurt time after.
all other matters that ſhould tend to the public In the year 1688, the prince of Orange, be-
good. This was followed the ſame day by an ad ing thoroughly ſatisfied that king James had left
dreſs from the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com the kingdom, publiſhed the following order :
mon council; and by another from the lieute-
nancy of the city of London to the prince of " Whereas the neceſſity of affairs does require
Orange. The contents of the city addreſs, which ſpeedy advice, we do defire all ſuch perſons as
was ſent to his highneſs by a deputation of four “ have ſerved as knights, citizens, or burgeſſes
aldermen and eight commoners, were as follows: “ in any of the parliaments that were held during
" the reign of the late king Charles the ſecond,
“ We, taking into conſideration your high to meet us at St. James's, upon Wedneſday the
“ neſs's fervent zeal for the proteſtant religion, twenty-ſixth of this inſtant December, by ten
• manifeſted to the world in your many hazar “ of the clock in the morning; and we do like-
“ dous enterprizes, wherein it hath pleaſed al. " wiſe defire, that the Lord-mayor and court of
mighty God to bleſs you with miraculous fuc. “ aldermen of the city of London would be pre-
" cels, do render our deepeſt thanks to the « fent at the ſame time, and that the common-
“ divine majeſty for the ſame, and beg leave to “ council would appoint fifty of their number to
preſent our moſt humble thanks to your high 66 be there likewiſe. And hereof we deſire them
" neſs, particularly for your appearing in arms
not to fail.”
« in this kingdom, to carry on and perfect your
glorious deſigns to reſcue three kingdoms In return for the great honour done the city by
" from ſlavery and popery, and in a free parlia the prince of Orange, they ſoon after lent the
ment to eſtabliſh the religion and the laws and government two hundred thouſand pounds, of
ec
liberties of theſe kingdoms upon a ſure and which Sir Samuel Daſhwood ſubſcribed fixty thou.
“ laſting foundation.
ſand pounds. And the zealots for the houſe of
“ We have hitherto looked for ſome remedy | Orange drew up a petition to the lords, humbly
“ for thoſe oppreſſions and imminent dangers, || requeſting, that his moft illuſtrious highneſs and
" which we, together with our proteſtant fellow his royal conſort might be ſpeedily ſettled on the
“ ſubjects, laboured under, from his majeſty's con throne.
« ceſſions and concurrences with your highneſs's This, however, was diſcountenanced by the
“ juſt and pious purpoſe expreſſed in your gra prince, who deſired the Lord-mayor to iſſue the
" cious declaration. But herein finding ourſelves following order :
“ finally diſappointed by his majeſty's with-
66
Ву

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
271
66
66
66
66
66
" By the LORD-Mayor, &c.
form, as to prevent any arbitrary miniſter, or cor-
rupt judge and jury, from making any depreda-
" Whereas his highneſs the prince of Orange tions on their chartered liberties for the future.
-- has been pleaſed to ſignify to me this day, that The nianner of which run thus :
“ divers perſons, pretending themſelves to be
*« citizens of London, in a tumultuoos and dif " Whereas a judgment was given in the court
« orderly manner, have lately diſturbed the pre « of king's-bench, in or about Trinity term, in
66 fent convention of the lords and commons at " the thirty-fifth year of the reign of the late king
66 Weſtminſter, upon pretence of petitioning : it 56 Charles II. upon an information in the nature
« being regular and uſual for the citizens of this “ of a quo warranto, exhibited in the ſaid court
*65 city, that are under the apprehenſions of any " againit the mayor, and commonalty, and ci- .
-grievance, to make their application to myſelf 6 tizens of London, that the liberty, privilege,
" and the court of aldermen: therefore, with " and franchiſe of the ſaid mayor, and common-
" the advice of my brethren the aldermen of alty, and citizens, being a body politick and
5 this city, theſe are to require you, that you corporate, ſhould be ſeized into the king's
6 command, within your ward, that they for " hands as forfeited ; and foraſmuch as the ſaid
" bear any tumultuous diſturbance or affembly, judgment, and proceedings thereupon, is and
as they will anſwer the contrary at their utmoſt “ were illegal and arbitrary ; and for that the re-
peril."
ſtoring of the ſaid mayor, and commonalty, and
citizens, to their ancient liberties, of which
This motion, however, foon after took place; " they had been deprived, tends very much to
and the ſtates of the kingdom offering them the " the peace and good ſettlement of this king-
crown, they accepted thereof, and were ſeated on
66 dom :
the throne by the ſtile of king William and queen “ Be it declared and enacted, by the king and
Mary.
" queen's moſt excellent majeſties, and with the
In the year 1689, many letters from king " advice and conſent of the lords ſpiritual and
James being intercepted, his majeſty was gra temporal, and commons in this preſent parliz-
ciouſly pleaſed to communicate the ſame not only «s ment afſembled, and by authority of the ſame,
to the parliament, but likewiſe to the citizens, 66 that the ſaid jugdment, given in the ſaid court
who were ſo highly pleaſed, that on the twenty “ of king's-bench, in the ſaid Trinity term, ia the
fecond of June, the Lord-mayor and ſheriffs pre thirty fifth year of the reign of the ſaid king
ſented a loyal and dutiful addreſs to his majeſty; " Charles the IId. or in any other term ; and all
in which they aſſured him, “ that they would, as and every other judgment given or recorded
« far as in their power, oppoſe themſelves to and “ in the ſaid court, for the ſeizing into the ſaid
“ fuppreſs all deſigns of that nature; that they " late king's hand, the liberty, privilege, or fran-
56 would ſearch after, diſarm, ſeize, ſecure, and “ chiſe of the mayor, and commonalty, and citi.
bring to juſtice, all perſons concerned therein, “ zens of the city of London, of being themſelves
" or contributing thereto ; and that they were a body corporate and politick, by the name of
“ unanimouſly, firmly, and unalterably reſolved " the mayor, and commonalty, and citizens of the
" and determined to ſtand by, defend, and main city of London, and by that name to plead, and
« tain his majeſty and his government, with the “ be impleaded, and to anſwer, and to be an-
« utmoſt hazard of their lives and eſtates, againſt 66 [wered, or in what manner or words ſoever ſuch
66 all perſons whatſoever that ſhould conſpire or judgment was entered, is, ſhall be, and are
66
attempt any thing againſt the fame.”
hereby reverſed, annulled, and made void, to
This year the Lord-mayor and citizens, de “ all intents and purpoſes whatſoever; and that
firous of farther teſtifying their gratitude to their vacates be entered on the rolls of the ſaid judg-
deliverer, invited the king, queen, prince and " ment, for the vacating and reverſal of the ſame
princeſs of Denmark, and both houſes of parlia «s accordingly.
ment, to dine at Guildhall on the Lord-mayor's " And be it further declared and enacted, by
day enſuing. Ac which time their majeſties, ac " the authority aforeſaid, that the mayor, and
tended by a numerous train of the nobility, re commonalty, and citizens of the city of Lon.
paired to Cheapfide, when, after having beheld “ don, ſhall and may, for ever hereafter, remain,
the paſſing of the ſplendid cavalcade, they were « continue, and be, and preſcribe to be, a body
conducted by the ſheriffs to Guildhall, where they corporate and politick, in re, fatto & nomine,
were fumptuouſly entertained in a manner pro " by the name of mayor, and commonalty, and
perly adapted for ſuch royal gueſts. And the “ citizens of the city of London, and by that
evening concluded with bonfires, ringing of bells, name, and all and every other name and
and univerſal illuminations in all parts of the os names of incorporation, by which they at any
city.
time before the ſaid judgment were incorpo.
In acknowledgment for theſe cokens of loyalty “ rated, to ſue, plead, and be impleaded, and
and affection from the city, towards their govern " to anſwer and be anſwered, without any feia
ment and perſons, their majeſties immediately or “ zure or forejudger of the ſaid franchiſe, li-
dered the reſtoration of the citizens to their fran “ berty, and privilege, or being thereof excluded
chiſes. And a bill was brought into parliament, Có or ouſted, for or upon any pretence of any for-
and foon after paſſed, for reverſing the judgment “ feiture or miſdemeanor at any time heretofore
of the quo warranto againſt the city of London, hereafter to be done, committed, or ſuffer-
and for reſtoring the ſame to its ancient rights and " ed ; and the mayor and commonalty, and ci-
privileges. This was done in ſuch a manner and 66 tizens of the ſaid city, ſhall and may, as by law
they
60
16
or

272
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
" they ought, peaceably have and enjoy all and on his happy ſucceſs and ſafe return to his king
every their rights, gifts, charters, grants, li dom.
« berties, privileges, franchiſes, cuſtoms, uſa Many diſagreeable controverſies having aroſe
ges, conftitutions, preſcriptions, immunities, || reſpecting the nomination of aldermen, and elec-
cs markets, duties, tolls, lands, tenements, eftates, tion of common council-men, it was thought ne-
“ and hereditaments whatſoever, which they law ceſſary to adjuſt theſe matters on ſuch a principle
fully had, or had lawful right, title, or intereſt as might prevent the like for the future. To ef-
“ of, in, or to, at the time of recording or giv. || fect which the common-council, in the year 1692,
,
ing the ſaid judgment, or at the time or cimes enacted, that none but freemen, being houſe-
“ of the ſaid pretended forfeitures.
holders, and paying ſcot and bearing lot, and
“ And be it enacted, by the authority aforeſaid, none other whatſoever, have the right or privilege
" that all charters, letters patents, and grants to nominate aldermen, and elect comnion-coun-
for incorporating the citizens and commonalty || cil men.
" of the ſaid city, or any of them, and all char In the year 1694, the citizens of London find-
ters, grants, letters patents, and commiſſions || ing themſelves indebted to the orphans in their
" touching or concerning any of their liberties or truſt in the ſum of ſeven hundred forty-ſeven
“ franchiſes, or the liberties, privileges, fran. thouſand five hundred pounds, occaſioned by
" chiſes, immunities, lands, tenements, heredi various accidents and public calamities, applied
taments, rights, titles, or eſtates of the
mayor to parliament for relief to diſcharge the fame; and
" and commonalty, and citizens of the city of they obtained an act, whereby all the city eſtates,
“ London, made or granted to any perſon or except thoſe belonging to the hoſpitals and the
perſons whatſoever, by the late king Charles bridge, were charged with raiſing the annual ſum
.cr the ſecond, ſince the ſaid judgment given, or of eight hundred pounds clear of all deductions,
by the late king James the ſecond, be and are for ſettling a perpetual fund for paying four
hereby declared and adjudged null and void to pounds per annum intereſt, for every hundred
“ all intents and purpoſes whatſoever.
due by the city to the faid creditors. They far-
“ And be it enacted, by the authority aforeſaid, ther enacted, that the profits ariſing from the
-C6 that all and ſeveral of the conspanies and cor ſeveral aqueducts belonging to the city, ſhould
porations of the ſaid city ſhall from henceforth be applied towards the payment of the ſaid in-
« ſtand and be incorporated by ſuch name and tereft : that the Lord-mayor and common coun-
" names, and in ſuch fort and manner, as they cil might raiſe two thouſand pounds per annum
reſpectively were at the time of the ſaid judg- || by equal aſſeſſments upon the perſonal eſtates of
ment given, and every of them are hereby re the citizens, that the ſix hundred pounds per
« ſtored to all and every the lands, tenements, annum paid by the lighters of the convex lamps
“ hereditaments, rights, titles, eſtates, liberties, ſhould be applied in the ſame manner: that every
powers, privileges, precedencies, and immuni apprentice at his binding to pay two ſhillings and
ties, which they lawfully had and enjoyed at the fixpence, and every perſon made free five ſhillings
“ time of giving the ſaid judgment ; and that as towards the fund: that five ſhillings ſhall be paid
" well all ſurrenders, as charters, letters patents, for every ton of wine, and four-pence extraordi-
“ and grants, for new incorporating any of the nary meetage for a chaldron of coals, in the port
« ſaid companies, or touching or concerning any of London, to the ſaid fund : and that after the
“ of their liberties, privileges, or franchiſes, twenty-ninth of September 1700, the ſaid four-
“ made or granted by the faid late king James pence per chaldron ſhould be raiſed to ſix-pence,
“ the ſecond, or by the ſaid king Charles the or, if weighable, fix-pence per ton.
" ſecond, ſince the giving of the ſaid judgment, Sir John Trevor, ſpeaker of the houſe of com-
“ ſhall be void, and are hereby declared null and mons, having greatly oppreſſed the citizens in
“ void, to all intents and purpoſes whatſoever.” palling this act, and the houſe being inform-
ed thereof, a committee was appointed to in-
In the year 1690, advice being received that the ſpect the accounts of the chamberlain's office;
Dutch had been defeated by the French in the when, finding that Sir John had extorted from
Britiſh channel, it was apprehended that the them one thouſand and fifty pounds, he was de-
enemy would attempt an invaſion. To defend graded the office of ſpeaker, and expelled the
which the patriotic citizens, (in the abſence of the houſe.
king, who was then at the head of his army in On the twenty-ninth of October, his majeſty
Ireland,) immediately raiſed nine thouſand trained being returned from Holland, was received by
bands, and offered them to her majeſty ready to the citizens in a moft dutiful and affectionate man-
march wherever ſhe ſhould command, declaring ner ; three days after which the Lord-mayor,
that they were determined to ſupport their ma aldermen, and recorder waited on his majeſty,
jefties perſons and government at the hazard of and congratulated him on his fafe arrival after ſo
their lives and fortunes. Their ſuſpicions, how dangerous a campaign.
ever, being ill-founded, aſſiſtance became unne The citizens of London having been greatly
ceſſary.
injured by the increaſe of hawkers and pedlars,
On the tenth of September following, his ma the Lord-mayor and common-council enacted,
jeſty, after a ſucceſsful campaign in Ireland, and “ That no perſon ſhould preſume to ſell any
driving king James from thencë, arrived ſafe at goods or merchandize in any public place with-
Kenſington ; and the next day he was attended by in the city, or liberties thereof, except in open
the Lord-mayor, aldermen and recorder, who, “ markets and fairs, on the penalty of forty
in the name of the city, congratulated his majeſly Thillings, That all citizens buying goods of
16 ſuch

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
273
s ſuch perſon, ſhould forfeit the like ſum. And as they do not come under the denomination of
« that every citizen who ſhould permit or ſuffer city officers. They are choſen at a common-hall,
“ ſuch goods to be expoſed for ſale in their houſes fummoned by the ſheriffs, in purſuance to a writ
" ſhould likewiſe forfeit the ſum of forty. ſhillings directed to then only. In which caſe the ſheriffs
s for each offence.”
only are concerned in the return, and have exclu-
On the twenty-eighth of December, this year, five power, given and ſpecified by other ſtatutes,
died queen Mary, the royal confort of king Wil to convene the voters, to preſide at the poll, to
liam Ill. the Lord-mayor and aldermen attended | adjourn from time to time, to make the final de-
her funeral obſequies, which were celebrated on claration, and they are perſonally anſwerable for
the fifth of March, with the greateſt ſolemnity. any miſtake made in the return.
In the year 1695 the hawkers and pedlars, in In the election of Lord-mayor, all the aldermen
order to evade the beforementioned act of com under the chair, who have ſerved the office of
mon-council, carried their goods to the public heriff, are propoſed in rotation ; out of which
markets, which occaſioned another act of com the livery, if they think proper, elect the two
mon-council to be made, whereby it was ordained, fenior aldermen under the chair; and theſe two
“ that no perſon or perſons whatever, whether being preſented to the court of aldermen, they
" free or not free of this city, ſhall ſell or expole uſually elect the ſenior ; though each have a right
to ſale in the public market, or any ground be to deviate from this uſual method: the only
longing to them, within the city and liberties, queſtion is, how far the exerciſe of that right
any mercery wares, lace and linen, grocery or may be juſtified, when it is not founded on ſuch
« confectionary wares, hofier's wares, cutler's
motives as have a real tendency to the greater
wares, tin wares, drapery wares, millenery || dignity and better government of the community
wares, glaſs or earthen wares, toys or any ſuch
in general.
“ like commodities, or merchandizes, which are On the election of ſheriffs, thoſe aldermen who
“ fold in open ſhops, or warehouſes of the free have not ſerved that office, are put up in the or-
“ men of this city, and liberties thereof, upon der of their ſeniority; then ſuch citizens as have
pain, to forfeit and pay, for every ſuch offence,
been nominated, or drank to by the Lord-mayor,
the ſum of three pounds with coſts of ſuit, if after theſe any others that ſhall be regularly pro-
« profecuted within fourteen days, in the name poſed at the time of election, and have not paid
ss of the chamberlain, in the Lord-mayor's court;
the fine to be excuſed. And out of the whole
« one moiety of which is to be converted to the
number of aldermen and commoners, the livery-
« ufe of St. Thomas's-hoſpital, and the other to
men chooſe whom they think proper.
" the proſecutor.”
In the year 1697, king William being returned
On the twenty-firſt of June the common-coun-
from Holland after the concluſion of the treaty
cil paſſed an act for farther regulating the method of Ryſwick, he was earneſtly requeſted by the
and rule of proceedings upon elections: in which, Lord mayor and citizens to make his public entry
after taking notice of the diſputes concerning into the city. In compliance with which, on the
ſuch rights and powers to call and adjourn, they | ſixteenth of November his majeſty ſet out from
enact, " that the right for aſſembling common Greenwich, attended by his royal highneſs the
halls for the election of Lord-mayor, ſheriffs, prince of Denmark, the principal officers of ſtate,
and other public officers for the city, is and ought and a great number of the nobility and gentry.
to be in the Lord-mayor, for the time being. His majeſty was received at St. Margaret's-hill, in
That the right of taking a poll and ſcrutiny, and Southwark, by the Lord mayor, aldermen, &c.
of adjourning the hall from time, to time till the in their formalities on horſeback, who, after con-
fame ſhall be concluded, ſhall be in the ſheriffs ; gratulating him on the joyful occaſion, conducted
that, if the ſheriffs diſagree, ſo as to impede the him through the city to Whitehall, amidſt the
completing of a poll or ſcrutiny, and refuſe to acclamations of a prodigious concourſe of ſpecta-
obſerve the orders ſent to them on that occaſion tors. The proceſſion was folemn, and the city
by the Lord-mayor, to put an end to the difference, was embelliſhed with the moſt pompous de-
his lordſhip may proceed himſelf in granting and coracions.
taking the poll and ſcrutiny, and in adjourning The following year an act of parliament paſſed
the hall, until all ſhall be finally concluded.” in which it was enacted, “ that the public market
In conſequence of this eſtabliſhment, it is the of Blackwell-hall ſhall be held every Thurſday,
cuſtom at all common halls for the Lord-mayor to Friday and Saturday, from eight to twelve in the
come upon the huſtings attended by the aldermen | forenoon, and from two to five in the afternoon,
and ſheriffs ; and the buſineſs and intent of the except days of humiliation and thankſgiving; and
meeting being opened to the livery by the recorder the keepers are not to admit any buying or ſelling
and common ferjeant, the lord Mayor and alder of any woollen cloth at the ſaid hall, upon any
men retire, and leave the execution of the inter other days or hours, than aforeſaid, upon the
mediate proceedings to the ſheriffs only. When penalty of one hundred pounds."
a candidate is propoſed, the theriffs declare upon In the year 1699, the market of Billingſgate,
the queſtion ; they appoint clerks for a poll; and purſuant to act of parliament, commenced, on
after a ſcrutiny has been made, they declare the the tenth of May, a free market for fiſh fix days
majority to the mayor, who then returns to the in the week, with permiſſion to ſell mackarel on
huſtings, certifies the election to the common Sundays any time before or after divine ſervice.
hall, by the recorder; and then the court, by his And it was enacted, “ That all perſons buying
lordſhip’s order, is diffolved ; except in the elec any fiſh in the ſaid market may ſell the ſame again
tion of repreſentatives for the city in parliament, H in any other market or place within London, or
23
elſewhere,
Z z z

274
HISTORY and SURVEY of LON D Ô N.
elſewhere, by rétail; being ſound and wholeſome parliament; and the citizens exerted their utmoſt
fiſh ; except that none but fiſhmongers fall fell abilities to render that day more pompous and
in public or fixed ſhops, or houſes. And that brilliant than had ever been done on any other
no perſons ſhall employ, or be employed by, any caſion.
other perſon, in buying at Billinſgate any quan In the year 1703 there happened the moſt
tity of fiſh, to be divided by lots, or in ſhares, dreadful ſtorm of wind that perhaps ever was
amongſt any filhmongers, or others, to be after known. It began on the twenty-ſix of Novem-
wards fold by retail or otherwiſe ; nor ſhall any ber about eleven o'clock at night, and increaſed
fiſhmongerengroſs, or buy, in the ſaid market, with redoubled fury till ſeven next morning.
any quantity of fiſh, but what ſhall be for his The houſes were entirely ſtripped of their cover-
own ſale or uſe, and not for any other filhmonger || ing, and the brick walls and ſtacks of chimnies
co fell again, under penalty of twenty pounds for fell with ſuch impetuoſity, that many people
each offence; one moiety whereof to go to the were killed, and others dreadfully mangled in the
profecutor, the other to the pariſh."
ruins. It deſtroyed a great number of Ipires and
On the ſixth of September 1701, the late turrets ; and upon churches and other public
king James II. died at St. Germain's in France; buildings ſheets of lead were rolled up like ſcrolls,
and the French king cauſed his ſuppoſed fon to be and blown from their places to the diſtance of
proclaimed king of Great Britain and Ireland. many feet. The damage at ſea far exceeded that at
This was fo highly reſented by the city of Lon land; for, in that dreadful night, twelve men of
don, that the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com war were loſt, with above eighteen hundred men
mon-council preſented the following addreſs to on board; beſides the loſs of a great number of
the lords-juſtices in his majeſty's abſence : merchant ſhips computed at ten times the value.
All the ſhips in the river Thames were drove from
(6 Great Sir!
London-bridge to Limehouſe, except four, which
were ſo damaged by beating againſt each other,
" We are deeply ſenſible how much we are in as to be entirely unfit for any future ſervice. The
es duty bound highly to reſent that great indignity great deſtruction made in the tiles of houſes, oc-
" and affront offered to your moſt ſacred majeſty, caſioned that commodity to riſe from one guinea
“ by the French king, in giving the title of king to fix pounds the thouſand.
“ of England, Scotland, and Ireland, to the pre In the year 1704 her majeſty was pleaſed to or-
os tended prince of Wales, contrary to your ma-
der, that all the ſtandards and colours taken by
jeſty's moſt juſt and lawful title, and to the fe. the Britiſh troops at the battle of Blenheim ſhould
“ veral acts of parliament for ſettling the ſuccef be put up in Weſtminſter-hall. Agreeable to
“ lion to the crown in the proteſtant line. By which order they were, on the third of January,
“ this it is apparent, he deſigns, as much as in brought from the Tower of London by a detach-
« him lies, to dethrone your majeſty, to extirpate ment of the horſe-guard and grenadiers, and a
us the proteſtant religion out of theſe your ma battalion of the foot-guards, who marched through
jeſty's kingdoms, and to invade our liberties the city in military order.
" and properties; for the maintaining whereof, This year the common-council paſſed an act
your majeſty hath ſignalized your zeal, by the for better regulating the city watch; by which
“ often hazarding your precious life. We, there all former acts concerning the regulation of the
fore, your majeity's moſt loyal ſubjects, do fin night-watches within the city of London, and
cerely, unanimouſly, and chearfully aſſure your liberties thereof, were repealed, annulled, and
majeſty, that we will, at all times, and upon made void. In this act they ordained, that each
or all occaſions, exert the utmoſt of our abilities, ward ſhould provide a number of ſtrong able-boa
es and contribute whatever lies in our power, for died men ; and that the deputy and common-
the preſervation of your perſon, (whom God council of every ward ſhould have power to oblige
long preſerve) and the defence of your juſt every perſon occupying any houſe, ſhop, or
“ rights, in oppoſition to all invaders of your warehouſe, either to watch in perſon, or to pay
• crown and dignity.”
for an able-bodied man, to be appointed thereto
by the faid deputy and common-council-men :
On the twenty.firſt of February 1702, his that the ſaid watchmen be provided with a lan-
majeſty riding from Kenſington to Hampton thorn and candle, and well and ſufficiently armed
Courr, his horſe fell under him, and he was with halberts; and watch from nine in the even-
thrown with ſuch violence as produced a fracture ing till ſeven in the morning, from Michaelmas
in his collar-bone ; foon after which he was feized to the firſt of April, and from ten till five from
with a violent fever and diarrhæa, which termi the firſt of April to Michaelmas.
nated in his death on the eighth of March follow In the year 1707 many dreadful fires having
ing In conſequence of which the princeſs Anne, | happened in the city of London, and its ſuburbs,
daughter to the late king James, fucceeded to the principally occaſioned by the careleſsneſs of ſer-
crown with the univerſal joy and ſatisfaction of vants, the parliament paffed an act for prevent-
the nation.
ing ſuch fatal accidents for the future ; and the
The great ſucceſſes obtained over the French Lord-mayor and common-council, for the more
in the preceding campaign, occaſioned her ma effectual publication thereof, cauſed the follow-
jeſty to appoint the twelfth of November for a day ing reſolution to be printed and ſent to every
of public thankſgiving ; on which day her ma houſe within the city of London, and liberties
jefty went in grand proceſſion to St. Paul's cathe thereof:
dral, whither ſhe was attended by both houſes of
66 Whereas
66

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London, g
Tisno Tost putih
Inici
VIEW of S. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL.
EXILIAX821
HUMUT
BADUTIE
MULTITE
na
I.TWhite Soulp.
VIEW of S. PAUL'S SCHOOL.

# IS 'TORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
275
man.
or
kc Whereas divers fires often happen by the ries that inſtead of the doctor's ruin, that of the
“ negligence and careleſſneſs of ſervants ; be it church was intended ; and believing the ſame to
“ therefore enacted, that if any menial, or other be a contrivance of the preſbyterians, breathed
" ſervant, or ſervants, through negligence, or deſtruction to them and all other diſſenters. Thus
" careleſſneſs, hall fire, or cauſe to be fired, any ſpirited up, they ran like as many enraged furies
dwelling-houſe, or out-houſe, or houſes; ſuch to the meeting-houſe of Mr. Burgeſs, a preſby-
06 fervant or ſervants, being thereof lawfully con terian miniſter, in New-court, Little Lincoln's-
« victed, by the oath of one or more credible inn-fields, which they inſtantly breaking open,
as witneſſes, made before two or more of her ſtripped it of its doors, cafenents, ſconces, wain-
majeſty's juſtices of peace, ſhall forfeit and
pay ſcot, pews and pulpit, which they carried into
" the ſum of one hundred pounds, unto the Lincoln's-inn-fields; and while they were erecting
s church-wardens of ſuch pariſh where the fire the ſame into a pile, a party was ſent to ſurprize
" Thall happen, to be diſtributed amongſt the Burgeſs at his houſe, in order to have burnt him
“ ſufferers by ſuch fire, in ſuch proportions as to in his pulpit on the top of the fame: but he
“ the ſaid church-wardens ſhall ſeem juſt. And luckily, however, avoided their fury by eſcaping
“ in caſe of default, or refuſal to pay the fame out at a back window. After this they divided into
“ immediately after ſuch conviction, the ſame be different parties, and deſtroyed the meeting-houſes
“ing lawfully demanded by the ſaid church-war in St. John's-ſquare, New-ſtreet, Drury-lane, and
" dens, that then and in ſuch caſe, ſuch fervant Leather-lane. But before next morning this dan-
or ſervants ſhall, by warrant under the hands gerous tumult was ſuppreſſed by her majeſty's
6s of two or more of her majeſty's juſtices of the guards ſent for that purpoſe. The trained bands
peace, be committed to the houſe of correc continually kept on duty during the trial of the
6c tion, there to be kept to hard labour for the doctor, who at laſt was condemned not to preach
ſpace of eighteen months.” At the fame time for three years, and his two ſermons to be burnt
it was enacted by parliament, “ That the church at the Royal-Exchange by the common hang-
as wardens of each pariſh within the bills of mor-
“ tality, ſhould be empowered, at the charge of In the year 1710, the number of houſes and
as their reſpective pariſhes, to fix upon the ſeve inhabitants being greatly increaſed in the city of
“ ral main water pipes in the ſtreets, ſtop-blocks, London, and its ſuburbs, the churches were
fire.cocks; and alſo to provide a large and thereby rendered inſufficient for their accommo-
" hand engine, with a leathern pipe and ſocket to dation : wherefore the parliament enacted, that
66 fcrew upon the fire cock. And, for the fu fifty new churches ſhould be erected in or near the
ture, all party-walls (except the houſes on populous cities of London and Weſtminſter or
“ London-bridge) ſhould be entirely of brick or ſuburbs thereof; for which purpoſe they appro-
or ftone."
priated two ſhillings per chaldron, or ton of
coals, that ſhould be brought into the port of
About the middle of Auguſt this year, there London.
fell ſuch a prodigious quantity of flies in London, This being the year in which the ſtately build-
that many of the ſtreets were ſo covered with ing of St. Paul's Cathedral was finiſhed, after che
them, that the people's feet made as full an im fire of London, it may not be improper, in this
preſſion on them as upon thick ſnow; and not place, to inſert an account of it.
withſtanding many hundred buſhels were ſwept
into the kennels, yet no diſtemper enſued.
Deſcription of St. Paul's.
In the year 1708 there arrived in England near
twelve thouſand diſtreſſed proteſtants of the Pala After the deſtruction of the old fabrick a rea
tinate in Germany, who had been ſtripped of all ſolution being taken to build a new cathedral, Sir
the conveniences of life by the French armies Chriſtopher Wren was ordered to prepare a de-
that invaded and plundered their country. Theſe fign, and cauſe a model thereof to be made as a
unhappy people were at firſt aſſiſted by the bene rule and direction for the whole work. And in
volence of her majeſty, then by the private cha order to raiſe a fund ſufficient for carrying the
rity of the nobility, and at laſt from a collection work into execution, the chamber of London was
on a brief iſſued for that purpoſe to all parts of made an office for the receipt of contributions to
the kingdom, amounting to twenty-two thouſand | defray the expence; into which in ten years only,
and thirty-eight pounds. With this relief, above was paid the ſum of one hundred and twenty-ſix
three thouſand were ſent to Ireland ; ſix hundred thouſand pounds, king Charles II. generouſly
to each of the provinces of North and South Ca giving a thouſand pounds a year out of his privy-
rolina ; and three thouſand five hundred to that || purſe, beſides a new duty on coals which pro-
of New York ; where, by their induſtry, they duced five thouſand pounds a year, over and
cultivated ſuch large tracts of unimproved land, above all other grants in its favour.
as afterwards became very beneficial to this na Among the various deſigns projected by Sir
tion.
Chriſtopher was that of the preſent mighty ſtruc-
This year the fiery zeal of contending parties ture, which being made choice of by the biſhops,
broke out into a moſt violent flame at the proſe he immediately ſet to work'; but, unluckily, in
cution of doctor Henry Sacheveral, chaplain of digging its foundation, when he wanted but fix
St. Saviour's Southwark, before the houſe of lords, or feven feet to compleat his deſign, fell upon a
on an impeachment of high crimes and miſde pit, where the potters of old time had taken
meanors by the commons for preaching two fer their pot earth from, and filled up the hole with
The populace were perſuaded by the to broken fragments of urns, vaſes, and ſuch like
rubbiſh.
besonde coals
mons,

276
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
rubbiſh. This obliged him to dig through the the ground to the top, four hundred and forty
ſand, to the depth of forty feet at leaſt, to the feet; the diameter of the dome is one hundred
ſolid earth: he cherefore funk a pit eighteen feet and eight feet, of the ball, fix feet; the diame-
wide, through all the ſtrata, and laid the founda ter of the colums of the porticos, four feet; their
tion of a ſquare pier of ſolid maſonry upon the height, forty-eight feet. To the top of the weſt
hard fea-beach that covered the original clay, pediment, under the figure of St. Paul, is one
which he raiſed within fifteen feet of the preſent hundred and twenty feet. The height of the
ſurface, and then turned a ſhort arch under ground towers, at the weſt front, is two hundred and eighty
to the level of the ſtratum of the hard por-earth ; feet. The length of the minute-hand, on the
upon which arch the north eaſt coin of the choir dial, eight feet; of the hour-hand, five feet five
of St. Paul's now ſtands.
inches; of the hour-figures, two feet ſeven
All neceſſary preparations being now made, inches.
and many difficulties ſurmounted, in pulling
The whole cathedral ſtands on two acres, fix-
down, clearing away, &c. Sir Chriſtopher Wren teen perches, twenty-three yards, and one foot of
laid the firſt ſtone on the twenty-firſt day of June, || ground.
1675, in the reign of Charles II.
This vaſt fabric is ſurrounded with about two
The foundations being laid, portland ſtone was thouſand five hundred ſtrong iron palliſadoes,
made choice of to complete the ſuperſtructure, and in the area of the grand weſt front, on a pe-
as thoſe from thence were of the largeſt ſcant- deftal, ſtands a ſtatue of queen Anne: the figures
lings; yet theſe could not be preſumed upon on the baſe repreſent Britannia, with her ſpear ;
for columns exceeding four feet in diameter : this Gallia with a crown on her lap; Hibernia, with
determined Sir Chriſtopher to make choice of her harp; and America, with her bow: the
two orders, inſtead of one and an attic ſtory, as workmanſhip of the ingenious Mr. Hill, who
St. Peter's at Rome, in order to preſerve the juſt was chiefly employed in all the decorations. By
proportions of his cornice, otherwiſe the fabric this gentleman were performed thoſe fine ftatues
would have fallen ſhort of its intended height. and carvings that add ſuch ſpirit and beauty to
On theſe principles therefore he proceeded, and the whole: the lively reprefentation of St. Paul's
raiſed the lofty edifice we now ſee.
converſion, carved in relief on the pediment of
The lower diviſion of the building is adorned the principal front: the majeſtic figure of St.
with a range of double pilaſters, with their enta Paul, on the apex of the pediment, with St. Pe-
blatures of the Corinthian order; and as many ter on his right, and St. James on his left ; the
of the Compoſite, or Roman order, ornament the four evangeliſts, with their proper emblems, on
upper.
the front of the towers. St. Matthew is diſtin-
The ſpaces between the arches of the windows, | guiſhed by an angel, St. Mark by a lion, St.
and the architrave of the lower order, are filled Luke by an ox, and St. John by an eagle. On
with great variety of curious enrichments; as are the pediment, over the north portico, the royal
thoſe likewiſe above.
arms with the regalia, ſupported by angels, with
On the weſt front is erected a moſt magnificent the ſtatues of five of the apoſtles. On the pedi-
portico, graced with two ſtately · turrets and a ment over the fouth portico, a phanix riſing out
pediment, enriched with ſculpture.
of the flames, with the word RESURGAM under-
The columns of this portico are doubled ; two neath it: This device, perhaps, had its origin
columns are brought nearer together to make from the following incident: Sir Chriſtopher hav-
greater intercolumns alternately, and to give a ing fixed upon the place for the center of the
proper ſpace to three doors; the two fide doors great dome, a labourer was ordered to bring him
uſe
a flat ſtone from among the rubbiſh, to leave as
columns are widened to make a free and commo a mark oi direction to the maſons; the firſt the
dious paſſage to each, which is gracefully done fellow came at happened to be a grave ftone, with
by placing the pillars alternately wide and cloſe. nothing remaining of the inſcription but the
The entrance to the north and fouth is likewiſe word RESURGAM: which was remarked by the
by two magnificent porticos.
architect as a favourable omen. On this ſide of
The eaſt end is beautified by a noble piece of the building are five ftatues, which take their
carving, in honour of king William III.
ſituation from that of St. Andrew on the
apex
of
Over all is a dome, terminated by a lantern, the pediment juſt mentioned.
ball, and croſs.
The higheſt or laft-ſtone, on the top of the
The pilaſters of the outſide are doubled, which lantern, was laid by Chriſtopher Wren, the ſur-
ſerve as buttreſſes, and give ſpace to large win veyor's ſon, in the reign of queen Anne, 1710,
dows between; they alſo adjuſt the arcades with in the preſence of Mr. Strong, the principal ma-
in and regulate the roof.
fon, and others chiefly employed in the execution
This cathedral is built in form of a croſs. The of the work.
dimenſions from eaſt to weſt, within the walls, Thus in thirty-five years was this mighty fabrick,
are five hundred feet ; from north to fouth, with lofty enough to be ſeen at ſea eaſtward and ac
in the doors of the porticos, two hundred and Windſor weſtward, begun and finiſhed by one
twenty-three feet; the breadth, at the entrance, architect, one principal maſon, and under one
one hundred feet; its circuit, two thouſand two biſhop of London, Dr. Henry Compton.
hundred and ninety-two feet; its height, within, Within this cathedral are three iſles. The
one hundred and ten feet feet; to the upper gal vault is hemiſpherical, conſiſting of twenty-four
lery, two hundred and ſixty-ſix feet; to the top
cupolas, cut off femicircular, with ſegments to
of the croſs, fixty-four feet; from the level of join to the great arches one way, and the other
way

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
277
way they are cut acroſs with eliptical cylinders, to The choir, the iſles on each ſide of it, and the
let in the upper lights of the nave; but in the organ, are incloſed with beautiful iron rails and
ines the leffer cupolas are cur both ways in gates.
femi-circular ſections, and alcogether make a The organ gallery is ſupported with Corinthian
graceful geometrical form, diſtinguiſhed with colunins of blue and white marble. The choir
circular wreaths, which is the horizontal ſection of has on each ſide thirty ſtalls, beſides the biſhop's
the cupola' : the arches and wreaths are of throne on the ſouth ſide, and on the north, the
ftone, carved; the ſpandrels between are of found Lord-mayor's. The reader's deſk is incloſed with
brick, inveſted with ſtucco of cockle-ſhell lime, very fine braſs rails, gilt, in which is a gilt braſs
which becomes as hard as Portland-ſtone; and pillar, ſupporting an eagle of braſs gilt, which
which, having large planes between the ſtone holds the book on its back and expanded wings.
ribs, are capable of further ornaments of paint The alcer-piece is adorned with four noble futed
ing, if required. Beſides theſe twenty-four cu pilaſters, painted and veined with gold, in imita-
polas, there is a half-cupola at the eaſt, and the tion of lapis lazuli; and their capitals are dou-
great cupola of one hundred and eight feet dia ble gilt. In the intercolumniations are twenty-
meter, in the middle of the croſſing of the great one pannels of figured crimſon velvet.
iſles; it is extant out of the wall, and is very All the floor of the church and choir to the
lightſome by the windows of the upper order, altar rails is paved with marble; the altar is paved
which ſtrike down the light thro' the great colo with porphyry, poliſhed, and laid in ſeveral geo-
nade that encircles the dome without, and ſerves metrical figures.
for the butment of the dome, which is brick, of This grand cathedral, thus finiſhed, is un-
two bricks thick ; but as it riſes every way five doubtedly one of the moſt magnificent modern
feet high, has a courſe of excellent brick of eigh- | buildings in Europe; and we will venture to
teen inches long bending through the whole thick conclude, that for loftineſs and grandeur, beauty
neſs; and to make it ſtill more ſecure, it is ſur in perſpective, truth and firmneſs in building,
rounded with a vaſt chain of iron, ſtrongly linked taſte in deſign, harmony of parts, and conve-
together at every ten feet: this chain is let into a nience for the folemn celebration of divine wor-
channel cut into the bandage of Portland ſtone, thip, there neither is, nor ever was, ſo perfect a
and defended from the weather by filling the building, begun and finiſhed under the ſole direc-
groove with lead. Over the firſt cupola is raiſed tion, of one man, in the univerſe.
another ſtructure of a cone of bricks, ſo built as The colours hanging in the cathedral, over the
to ſupport a ſtone lantern of an elegant figure, weſtern entrance, were taken from the French ac
and ending in ornaments of copper, gilt: the Louiſbourg in 1758. They conſiſt of an artillery-
whole church above the vaulting being covered ſtandard, white and gold; one pair of Spaniſh
with a ſubftantial oaken roof and lead, fo this ragged ſtaves; one pair of Swiſs enſign-colours,
cone is covered and hid out of fight by another green and white; two pair of enſign colours blue
cupola of timber and lead; between which and and white; and two ſtaves without colours.
the cone are eaſy ftairs which aſcend to the lan As you enter at the ſouth door, on your left hand
tern: the contrivance here is aſtoniſhing. The are the ſtairs by which you aſcend the cupola,
light to theſe ſtairs is from the lantern above, and which lead to the golden gallery by five hundred
round the pedeſtal of the fame.
and thirty-four ſteps, two hundred and ſixty of
The inſide of the cupola is painted and richly which are ſo eaſy that a child may aſcend them ;
decorated, by that eminent Engliſh artiſt Sir but thoſe above are unpleaſant, and in ſome places
James Thornhill
, who in eight compartments has exceeding dark, particularly between the brick
repreſented the principal paſſages in the hiſtory of cone and the outer caſe of the dome ; but what
St. Paul's life; namely, his converſion ; his light you have affords you an amazing proof of
puniſhing Elymas the forcerer with blindneſs; his the architect's wonderful contrivance. From
preaching at Athens; his curing the poor cripple this gallery you have a fine proſpect of the river,
at Lyſtra, and the reverence there paid him by | city, and country round, which in a clear day
the prieſts of Jupiter as a god; his converſion of diſcovers a pleafing variety.
the goaler ; his preaching at Epheſus, and the From the whiſpering gallery you have the moſt
burning the magic books in conſequence of the advanteous view of the fine paintings in the cu-
miracles he there wrought; his trial before Agrip- || pola; there is an eaſy aſcent to this gallery for per-
pa; his ſhipwreck on the iſland of Melita, or fons of note, by a moſt beautiful Aight of ſtairs,
Malta; and his miracle of the viper.
not to be exceeded : here founds are enlarged to
Beſides the choir, the ſtalls of which are very an amazing degree ; the ſhutting of the door
beautifully carved, and the other ornaments of ſeems as loud as thunder at a diſtance; the leaſt
equal workmanſhip, there is a morning-prayer || whiſper is heard round the whole circumference,
chapel, where divine ſervice is performed every even the ticking of a watch ; and one perſon
day, Sundays excepted; and oppoſite it, the con ſpeaking againſt the wall, on this ſide, appears
fiftory, each of which has a magnificent ſcreen of to be preſent to another on the other ſide, though
carved wainſcot, and has been greatly admired by the diſtance between them is no leſs than one hun-
the curious, as has the carving of the ſtately dred and forty-three feet.
figures that adorn the organ-caſe.
The flooring of the library is moſt artfully in-
In the center of the croſs-ife, where is fixed laid without either nails or pegs, like the framing
a brafs plate, you have a full view of the of a billiard-table; the books are neither numer-
cupola or dome, and of the whiſpering gallery. ous nor valuable ; but the wainſcoting and caſes
24
Аааа
for

278
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON. .
for their reception, want neither elegance nor In the ſouth tower is the great bell, which
convenience. There is here a fine painting of weighs eighty-four hundred weight. On this bell
biſhop Compton, under whom the cathedral was the hammer of the great clock ſtrikes the hour;
built.
and on the lefſer bell the quarters are ftruck.
It is a miſtaken notion of many people that The geometry ſtairs are compoſed of ſteps
the model which is in the cathedral was taken which are artfully contrived to hang, as it were,
from St. Peter's at Rome ; for it was undoubtedly || together without any viſible ſupport.
Sir Chriſtopher's own invention, laboured with The whole expence of erecting this fuperb
much ſtudy, and, as he thought, finiſhed with edifice amounted to the ſum of ſeven hundred
good ſucceſs. This deſign, which is of the Co and thirty fix thouſand, ſeven hundred and fifty-
rinthian order, like St. Peter's at Rome, the ſur two pounds two ſhillings and three-pence, the
veyor ſet a higher value upon than any he drew; principal part of which was collected by a ſmall
but it was not approved of by the biſhops. and eaſy impoſition on ſea-coal.
som ho Das
diw
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Her majeſty's letter to the Lord-mayor on a rumour about bringing in the pretender. Thankſ-
giving for the peace Death of Queen Anne Acceſion of George I. with his public entry
into London. Dines at Guildhall. Remurkable eclipſe of the ſun. Advice of an intended
invaſon. Seditions tumults in the city occaſioned by the mug-houſes. Aft of common-council
for lighting the city. War declared againſt Spain. South-ſea ſcheme. Prodigious price of
Stocks. Birth of the duke of Cumberland. Secretary Townſhend's letter to the Lord-mayor
concerning a conſpiracy. The city's addreſs thereon. Number of horſes within the bill of more
tality. Conteſted election of Lord-mayor. A&t for regulating ele&tions.
T
66 tion.
THE city of London having been greatly « Although an aguiſh indiſpoſition, ſucceeded
injured by a number of foreigners who " by a fit of the gout, has detained us at this
exerciſed ſeveral manual operations and place longer than we deſigned ; yet, ſince it has
trades by retail, in contradiction to the laws and “ pleaſed Almighty God to reſtore us to ſuch a
cuſtoms of the city, the common-council, on the degree of health, that we hope to be able
fourth of July, enacted, “ that no perſon what “ foon to return to our uſual reſidence, we con-
ever, not being free of the city, ſhall by any co “ tinue determined to open our parliament on
lour, way, or means whatſoever, directly or in “ Tueſday the fixteenth of this inftant February,
directly, by himſelf, or any other, uſe, exerciſe, according to the notice given by proclama
or occupy, any art, trade, myſtery, manual oc-
cupation, or handicraft whatſoever, or keep any 66. Thus much we have judged proper to com-
fhop, room or place whatſoever, by way of retail, ~ municate to you, and by you to the court of
within the ſaid city, or the liberties thereof, upon Aldermen, and to our other loving ſubjects
pain of forfeiting five pounds. And that what “ of our good city of London; to the intent
freeman foever does ſet any perſon that is not " that you may all in your ſeveral ſtations con-
free on work, knowing and having notice given " tribute to diſcountenance, and put a ſtop to
to him that ſuch perſon fo by him to be ſet to 6 thoſe malicious rumours, ſpread by evil dif-
work, is a foreigner, ſhall forfeit five pounds. “ poſed perſons, to the prejudice of credit, and
And that the freeman, who employs a foreigner
" the eminent hazard of the public peace and
to ſell by retail, ſhall alſo forfeit for each offence tranquillity.
the ſum of five pounds."
“ And ſo we bid you farewell.”
In the year 1712, a rumour being ſpread that
the miniſtry were paving the way for the preten In the year 1713, a peace being concluded be-
der's acceſſion to the crown, the trading part of || tween Great-Britain and France, the ſame was
the city were ſo intimidated thereat, that it put a proclaimed in London on the ſeventh of July:
general ſtop to all commerce. In this critical on which occaſion both houſes of parliament at.
juncture her majeſty chought it neceſſary, for the tended a general thankſgiving at St. Paul's, her
ſupport of credit, and to prevent the Londoners || majeſty being ill of the gout; and at night fire-
entering into any aſſociations or meaſures that works were exhibited on the Thames, and in va.
mighe reſtrain the miniſterial ſchemes being car rious parts of the city and ſuburbs.
ried into execution, to ſend the following letter to About this time the papiſts and non-jurors ſo
the Lord-mayor.
far defended the pretender's claim to the crown as
to enliſt men for his ſervice ; which greatly alarm-
" Anne R.
ing the citizens, her majeſty thought proper, to
“ Right truſty and well-beloved, we greet iſſue a proclamation, with a reward of five thou-
ſand pounds, for apprehending the ſaid pretender,
you well."
This

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
279
66
66
" We, the citizens of London, who have
This in ſome meaſure diſpelled the gloomy appre to return this moſt gracious anſwer : “ I take theſe
henſions of the citizens, who, in a very loyal ad addreſſes very kindly. I have lately been made ſen-
dreſs, thanked her majeſty for publiſhing the fible of what conſequence the city of London is,
fame.
and therefore ſhall be ſure to take all their privi-
Many irregularities and miſdemeanors having | leges and intereſts into my particular protection.'
been charged on the office of coal-meters in this His majeſty having received an invitation from
city, a committee was appointed to enquire into the city to dine at Guildhall on the approaching
the ſame; who, on the ſixteenth of March, made Lord-mayor's day, He was graciouſly pleaſed to
their report to the court of Lord-mayor and al accept of the ſame; at which time his majeſty, and
dermen. In which, after reciting various acts of their royal highneſſes the prince and princeſs of
common-council for the regulation thereof, they Wales, attended by a numerous train of nobility,
declare as follows: “ We are therefore of opinion, went to the uſual place of ſtanding, oppoſite
" that the ſaid ancient order and method of the Bow-church, in Cheapfide; and after having be-
“ coal office ought to be obſerved and kept, and held the pompous cavalcade, they were conducted
" that it is incumbent on the alderman of Bil by the ſheriffs to Guildhall, where they were
lingſgate: ward to ſee the ſame performed. | ſumptuouſly entertained by the citizens, who ex-
cs And that as well the maſter meters, as the ſaid erted the utmoſt of their abilities to convince
“ under-meters, are liable to be puniſhed, by them of their loyalty and affection for his majeſty's
ſuſpenſion, removal, or otherwiſe, as this court perſon and government. And the Lord-mayor
cs ſhall think fit. That the ſaid maſter meters having the honour to preſent the firſt glaſs of wine
« have no right to employ what deputies, or un to the king, his majeſty was pleaſed to order a pa-
« der-meters, they pleaſe ; but that it is the tent to be paſſed for creating his lordſhip a ba-
right of the Lord-mayor and aldermen to allow ronet of this kingdom ; and at the fame time or-
es of the deputies or under-meters, and that no dered one thouſand pounds to be paid to the
“ other ought to be employed but fuch as they ſheriffs for the relief and diſcharge of poor people
" allow. That the faid deputies, or under-me impriſoned for debt. bus
“ ters, ought not to be diſplaced, but upon a About this time the citizens, to ſhew their
« reaſonable cauſe, and that upon application to abhorrence of the proceedings of the late miniſtry
- the Lord-mayor and aldermen for that purpoſe: with reſpect to the peace concluded with France,
66 but the alderman of the faid ward may ſuspend and their warm attachment for the houſe of Han-
an under-meter, till the pleaſure of this court over, drew up the following ſpirited inſtructions
" is known therein. That the books of the coal to their new-choſen members :
" office do concern the right of the inheritance tot
12
«s of this city, and ought to be uſed and inſpect ..,
es ed by this court, as they ſhall find occaſion, 66 chearfully elected you to ſerve us in parliament,
« &c. "That no under meter ought to begin to and thereby committed to your truſt the ſafety,
“ work in coal, before a Cocket of Permic has " liberty, property, and privileges of us, and
“ been iſſued from the Lord-mayor's office, &c.” our poſterity, think it our duty, as it is our
Which report being read, it was approved of by " undoubted right, to acquaint you what we de-
che ſaid court, and ordered to be entered in the « fire and expect from you, in diſcharge of the
repertory. And it was thereupon ordered, “ that “ great confidence we repoſe in you, and what
" the faid maſter-meters do obſerve the ancient we take to be your duty as our repreſenta-
" method and uſage of fhipping their under-me-
66 tives.”
“ ters, according to their ſeniority. And that
" the under-meters do not take their fellow's la 1. We deſire and expect, that you will enquire
a bour out of their turns, upon pain of being || by whoſe council it was, that after God had bleſ-
« ſuſpended from their labours for ſo doing, by ſed the arms of her late majeſty and her allies,
" the alderman or deputy of Billingſgate-ward." with a train of unparallelled ſucceſſes, ſhe was
In the year 1714, her majeſty being ſeized with prevailed upon, contrary to the grand alliance, and
a lethargic diſorder, languiſhed only three days, her repeated promiſes from the throne to both hou.
and died on the firſt of Auguſt, in the fiftieth ſes, to ſend or receive managers from France to
year of her age.
treat ſeparately of a peace, without the knowledge
On the death of queen Anne, George Lewis, and conſent of our allies.
elector of Hanover, was proclaimed the ſame 2. By whoſe advice the emperor's miniſter,
day king of Great-Britain, &c. in the city of the count de Gallas, was diſcharged the court,
London with the uſual folemnities on that occa, for reſenting and oppoſing thoſe ſeparate nego-
fion. Soon after which his majeſty arriving in ciations, contrary not only to the grand alliance,
England, made his public entry on the twentieth but to the queen's particular aſſurances to his
of September, acompanied by his ſon prince maſter.
George. His majefty was received at St. Mar 3. By whoſe advice his majeſty's memorial,
garet's-hill by the Lord-mayor and aldermen; delivered by his miniſter, the baron de Bothmar,
and the recorder, in the name of the city, made againſt thoſe clandeſtine ſeparate negociations, was
a congratulatory ſpeech on his majeſty's happy ar not only diſregarded, but called a libel, and the
rival; after which he was conducted in the moſt fu. faid miniſter affronted.
perb and pompous manner to St. James's, where 4. By whoſe advice and management her ma-
66
CG
he arrived about eight o'clock in the evening: | jefty was prevailed upon, first, to come to a cefa
his majeſty in form at St. James's, he was pleaſed
then
ſo ſurprizingly to withdraw our troops from thoſe
of

280
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ment.
its place.
of the allies, which was attended with ſuch diſ 16. By whoſe advice it was that the jacobite
mal circumſtances.
clans in Scotland were armed and kept in pay, and
5. By whoſe advice and management, all that the levies of men for the pretender in Great-Bri-
had been gained by a profuſion of blood and trea tain and Ireland, were ſo long connived at.
ſure, in a glorious and ſucceſsful war, was thrown 17. By whoſe management it was, that the
up, juſt as we were ſeizing the prize of our con public affairs of the kingdon are brought under
queſt; and a free-born people were brought with the greateſt difficulties, as well in reſpect to our
in a view of Navery.
trade, and the interruption of our navigacion, as
6. By whoſe advice and management our con of the great debts of the nation, which have been
ftitution was ftruck at by creating twelve new very much increaſed ſince the laſt war, as his
lords at once, to carry a vote in the upper-houſe. majeſty has been graciouſly pleaſed to inform
7. By whoſe advice it was, that the treaty with us, in his proclamation for calling a new parlia-
the Dutch, for ſettling a commmon barrier in the
Netherlands, and making guarantees of the pro-
18. We alſo deſire and expect, that you concur
teftant ſucceſſion, was enervated, and a new in demanding an account how the money raiſed by
treaty, which weakened both ſecurities, made in parliament, has been expended ſince the change
of the miniſtry, in 1710.
8. By whoſe advice and management we were 19. That you not only concur in ſuch enquiries,
mocked with the aſſurances of being free from but alſo, in a parliamentary way, to bring ſuch
the danger of the neighbouring fortreſs of Dun to juſtice, as ſhall be found guilty of thoſe miſ-
kirk: and whether the late miniſtry, or any of managements ; this being a duty owing to oura
them, did agree that the French king ſhould make ſelves, as well as our confederates, and indiſpen-
a new harbour at Mardyke, as part of the equi- || fably neceſſary for retrieving the honour of the
valent for demoliſhing the fortifications and har nation, and reſtoring a due confidence and har-
bour of Dunkirk. i
mony betwixt us and our allies.
9. By whoſe advice and management the beſt 20. That you concur in making ſuch laws as
branches of our trade were exchanged for chi ſhall be thought neceſſary for the better ſecurity
meras, and the ruin of the whole endangered, by
of the churches of England and Scotland, as ſe-
a vile treaty of commerce with France.
verally by the laws eſtabliſhed, and for ſuppreſſing
10. How the expedition of Canada came to and preventing thoſe feditious and groundleis
miſcarry: and by whoſe advice her majeſty, con clamours of the church of England being in dan-
trary to her proclamations, publiſhed in New ger by his majeſty's adminiſtration.
England, &c. for encouraging the expedition, 21. That you concur in giving the king ſuch
came to allow the French to keep their intereſt fums as ſhall be thought neceſſary for enabling his
in Canada, to ſell that in Newfoundland, and to majeſty to defend the nation, to ſupport and re-
ſettle on Cape-Breton, to the great detriment of trieve trade, and to keep the balance of Europe,
our fiſhing trade, and to the manifeſt danger of which is threatened with a
which is threatened with a new war, by the
all our plantations in North America.
intrigues of our common enemies.
II. By whoſe advice it was, that the confede-
rates were refuſed to be invited to be guarantees On the twenty-ſecond of April 1715, there
of the proteſtant ſucceſſion, though her majeſty | happened the greateſt eclipſe of the ſun that was,
had promiſed it in her anſwer to the addreſs of perhaps, ever ſeen either in this or any other
both houſes in 1708.
kingdom. It begun ſix minutes and twenty-
12. By whoſe advice it was, that his now royal | eight ſeconds after eight in the morning, and
highneſs, George, prince of Wales, was denied ended twenty minutes and fifteen feconds after
the liberty to come and take his place in parlia- ten. The fun, for three minutes and twenty-
ment, when the preſence of one of the illuſtrious three feconds, was ſo totally darkened, that the
family of Hanover was ſo abſolutely neceſſary to moon and ſtars appeared as clear as the brighteſt
quiet the minds of the ſubjects, and to ſecure us evening; and the dumb creation were ſo confuſed,
from the juſt apprehenſions we had of danger that they precipitately retired to their reſpective
from the pretender.
holes, neſts, and receptacles.
13. By whoſe advice it was that his majeſty's His majeſty having informed the parliament of
miniſter, baron Schutz, was diſcharged the his receiving certain advices from abroad of an in-
court, becauſe he demanded a writ for the prince. tended invaſion in favour of the pretender, the
14. By whoſe advice was Sir Patrick Lawleſs, merchants and citizens of London addrefled his
the pretender's agent or envoy, entertained at majeſty on this occaſion with the ſtrongeſt aſſur-
court, at the ſame time; and honourably con ances of their loyalty and ſupport in defence of
veyed beyond ſea foon after it was complained of his royal perſon and government.
in parliament.
This threatened invaſion, however, foon after
15. By whoſe advice and management our holy turned out an open rebellion, which was fomented
church was in danger of being given up to po: and brought about in Scotland by the earl of
pery, our civil rights to tyranny, and the way pre Mar, * who, on the third of September, had a
pared for the pretender.
meeting
* This nobleman, at the death of queen Anne, was ſecre-
tary for Scotland, and was one of the firſt who made pro-
feſſion of loyalty and attachment to king George I. but not
meeting with the encouragement he expected, he retired in
diſguſt to his own country, where, prompted by reſentment
and ambition, he reſolved to make an effort in favour of the
pretender.

HIS TORT and SURVEY of LONDO N.
281
meeting at Aboyne in Scotland, with ſeveral of C be to you, and all you employ in the execu-
the nobility and gentry of that kingdom, where « tion of them, a ſufficient warrant.
they reſolved to draw together immediately what “ Given at Braemar; the ninth of September,
number of men they could, and to advance to 1715
wards the South. Accordingly the earl of Mar
MAR."
cauſed the pretender's ſtandard to be ſet up the
ſixth of that month, and in the orders for ſo doing, This year a very fevere froſt began about the
ſtiled himſelf lieutenant-general of the king's end of November, and continued to the ninth of
forces in Scotland. And on the ninth he publiſhed || February. The river Thames was frozen over
the following declaration :
ſo hard, that booths were erected thereon for the
ſale of all ſorts of merchandize; and on the
56 Our rightful and natural king James VIIIth, nineteenth of January two large oxen were roaſt-
« who, by the grace of Gud, is now coming to ed whole upon the ice.
" relieve us from our oppreſlions, having been In the month of December following; a great
“ pleaſed to intruſt us with the direction of his number of the nobility and gentry, taken in the
" affairs, and the command of his forces in this rebellion at Preſton in Lancaſhire, were brought
“ his ancient kingdom of Scotland. And ſome priſoners to London, and diſperſed in the various
“ of his faithful ſubjects and ſervants met at gaols of the city, ſeveral of whom were after-
Aboyne, viz. the lord Huntley, the lord Tul wards executed as traitors.
" libardine, the earl mareſchal, the earl of South Notwithſtanding the rebellion in Scotland was
“ eſk, Glingary from the clans, Glenderule from now happily ſuppreffed, yet the diſaffected pare
" the earl of Broadalbine, and gentlemen of Ar of the three kingdoms, having made the city of
gyleſhire, Mr. Patrick Lyon of Auchterhouſe, London their general rendezvous, became fo
" thelaird of Auldbair, lieutenant-general George | daring and deſperate, as publickly to reflect on,
“ Hamilton, major-general Gordon, and myſelf, and diſhonour the king in the ſtreets of the city
" having taken into our conſideration his majeſ. || (particularly on his majeſty's birth-day, his ac-
“ ty's laſt and late orders to us, find, that as this ceſſion to the crown, and coronation), This was
" is now the time that he ordered us to appear ſo highly reſented by the friends of the govern-
“ openly in arms for him ; ſo it ſeems to us ab. ment, that many of them formed themſelves into
ſolutely neceſſary for his majeſty's ſervice, and ſocieties to prevent the like practices for the fu-
as the relieving of our native country from all its cure. They divided themſelves into different bo-
hardſhips, that all his faithful and loving ſub dies, and aſſembled in various parts of the city at
jects, and lovers of their country, ſhould, with certain alehouſes, which, from the veſſels they
• all poſſible ſpeed, put themſelves into arms. generally uſed, were called Mug houſes. At each
“ Theſe are, therefore, in his majeſty's name of which were provided a great number of aſhen
“ and authority, and by virtue of the power || cudgels, like quarter-ſtaves, and each party, on
« aforeſaid, and by the king's ſpecial order to me advice of any tumultuous proceedings in the ſtreets,
" thereunto, to require and impower you forth- || immediately fallied forth, and, as beſt ſuited their
“ with to raiſe your fencible men, with their beſt || particular intereft, either diſperfed, or ſupported
arms; and you are immediately to march them the mob. The populace were ſo enraged at this,
" to join me and ſome other of the king's forces that many thouſands of them afſembled on the
at the Invor of Braemar, on Monday next, in fourth of July, and attacked and rifled one of
us order to proceed in our march, to attend the the ſaid houſes in Saliſbury-court; for which five
king's ſtandard, with his other forces.
of the rioters were apprehended, and afterwards
“ The king intending that his forces ſhould be || hanged oppoſite the ſaid houſe. Which puniſh-
paid from the time of their ſetting out, he ex ment, for the preſent, effectually ſtopped theſe
pects, as he poſitively orders, that they be tumulcuous proceedings.
“ have themſelves civilly, and commit no plun On the eighteenth of December, the common-
dering, nor other diſorders, upon the higheſt || council paſſed an act, in which, after having re-
“ penalties, and his diſpleaſure, which is expect. || pealed, annulled, and made void, all the former
66 ed you will ſee obſerved.
acts concerning the lighting of the city of Lon-
" Now is the time for all good men to ſhew don, they enacted, “ That all houſekeepers,
" their zeal for his majeſty's ſervice, whoſe cauſe " whoſe houſe door, or gateway, does front or
66 is ſo deeply concerned, and the relief of our “ lie next unto any ftreet, lane, or public paſ-
“ native country from oppreſſion, and a foreign “ fage or place of the ſaid city or liberties there-
“ yoke, too heavy for us and our pofterity to “ of, ſhall, in every dark night, that is, every
« bear; and to endeavour the reſtoring, not “ night between the ſecond night after each full
only of our rightful and native king, but alſo moon, and the ſeventh night after each new
" our country to its ancient, free, and indepen moon, ſet or hang out one or more lights, with
« dent conſtitution, under him, whoſe anceſtors " ſufficient cotton wicks, that ſhall continue to
“ have reigned over us for ſo many generations. “ burn from fix o'clock at night till eleven
“ In ſo honourable, good, and juſt a cauſe, " o'clock of the ſame night, on penalty of one
we cannot doubt of the affiftance, direction, « ſhilling. And that, under the like penalty,
“ and bleſſing of almighty God, who has ſo often “ the occupiers of houſes in any court, thac
“ reſcued the royal family of Stuart, and our “ faces any public place or paſſage, Mall alter-
country from finking under oppreſſion.
nately hang or ſet out ſuch a light on the out-
“ Your punctual obſervance of theſe orders is " ſide of ſuch doors or gates as ſhall be next the
" expected: for the doing of all which, this ſhall “ faid public place or paſſage. Provided the
Bbbb
party
66
24

282
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
party offending is not charged to the poor, " unwilling I Mall be to take advantage of their
and whoſe houſe ſhall not be of the rent of (6 miſtakes."
66 ten pounds per annum. Penalties to be levied
" by diſtreſs and ſale of the offender's goods, by
On the ſeventeenth of December, war was
66 warrant from the mayor.”
declared againſt Spain in the uſual places, and
with the accuſtomed folemnities, within the cities
In the year 1717, one James Shepherd, ap of London and Weſtminſter.
prentice to a coach-maker, a lad of eighteen In the year 1719, complaint having been
years of age, of high jacobitical principles, fent made to the houſe of lords, that great ſuns of
a letter to one Mr. Leathes, a non-juring clergy money had been iffued out of the chamber of
man, propoſing a ſcheme for aſſaſſinating the London to profecute law-ſuits on controverted
king. He was immediately apprehended and elections, the lords appointed a committee to ex-
brought to trial. He ſaid he had imbibed theſe amine into the affair, who found, that, ſince the
principles at the ſchool of Saliſbury, and had been thirteenth of November 1711, the city had paid
confirmed in them by the writings of ſeveral of for theſe purpoſes the ſum of two thouſand, eight
the non-juring clergy. He owned the deſign of hundred and twenty-ſeven pounds, ten ſhillings.
which he was accuſed, declared he had harboured And that not one of the ſaid ſuits was ever deter-
it for three years paſt, nor did he think there mined in favour of the proſecutors. The report
was any ſin in carrying it into execution. He being read by the clerk, the houſe came to the
was accordingly condemned on his own confef- || following refolution :
fion, and hanged at Tyburn.
About the fame time, the marquis of Palcotti, • Reſolved, by the lords fpiritual and tempo-
an Italian nobleman, brother to the dutcheſs of 6 ral in parliament aſſembled, that it is the opi.
Shrewſbury, underwent the ſame fate, for having, " nion of this houſe, that the common-councils
in a tranſport of paſſion, killed his own ſervant. w of London, having iſſued great ſums of money
After ſentence of death had paſſed on him, “.out of the chamber of London, in maintain-
ſtrong applications were made to the king for a ing ſeveral ſuits of law between citizen and
pardon, as well by his fifter the dutcheſs, as by “ citizen, relating to controverted elections, have
many other perſons of the firſt diſtinction ; but - abuſed their truſt, and been guilty of great
the common people became ſo clamorous for partiality,, and of groſs miſmanagement of
juſtice, that it was thought dangerous to ſave “ the city treaſure, and a violation of the free
him, and he therefore ſuffered the penalties of
“ dom of elections in the city.”.
the law.
On the eighth of June, a fire broke out in the On the ſeventh of January, a fire broke out
chambers of Mr. Bonithan, in Coney.court, in the houſe of Mr. Aſtel, a merchant, in Auſtin
Gray’s-inn, whoſe father, ferjeant Bonithan, a Friars, which did conſiderable damage ; but the
few years before had ſhot himſelf; and this gen- | greateſt misfortune was, Mr. Aftel's wife and
ileman, when his chambers were in fames, firſt daughter, and an infant at the breaſt, with its
ftabbed himſelf, then leaped out of his window, | nurſe, were all burnt to death. And a fervant
and died ſoon after. Four chanıbers were burnt maid, who, to eſcape the flames, leaped out of
down, and two others very much damaged. a two pair of ſtairs window, received ſo much
On che thirteenth of December, the ſtream of hurt, that ſhe died in a few hours after.
the river Thames was reduced ſo low, by a vio. In the year 1720, almoſt an entire ftagnation
lent wefterly wind, that people walked dry-ſhod was put to the trade of the city of London, by a
through moſt of the arches, and on both ſides ſcheme of the South-fea company for paying off
London-bridge.
the debts of the nation; in which they offered one
In the year 1718, the Lord-mayor and alder thouſand pounds per annum for every hundred
men being apprehenſive of receiving trouble from pounds ſubſcribed. This golden ſcheme fo de-
fome deſigning men, for their neglect to ſub luded the citizens, that without conſidering from
fcribe the declaration againſt the folemn league || whence ſuch great advantages were to ariſe, they
and covenant at their admiſſion into office, ad- | eagerly ſcraped up every ſum they could raile
dreſied his majeſty, praying that he would be upon their eſtates, or borrow, to make, as they
graciouſly pleaſed to give ſuch directions and or called it, an inſtantaneous fortune ; nay, they
ders therein, as ſhould effectually quiet the minds even went ſo far as to give two hundred pounds
of bis petitioners, &c. To which addreſs his per cent. premium upon that ſubſcription, and
majeſty was graciouſly pleaſed to return the fol eleven hundred pounds per cent. for one hundred
lowing anſwer.
pounds ſtock, from which ſtock fell by degrees
to eighty fix; fo that many thouſand families, el.
“ I am fully perſuaded of your duty and af pecially citizens of this great metropolis, were
« fection to me and my government; and I take | entirely ruined. Some retaliation, however, was
" this application kindly, as it is a mark of afterwards made by the parliament, who paſſed
your truſt and confidence in me, I ſhall be an act, whereby the directors were compelled to
glad, not only for your fakes but my own, if | forfeit their eſtates for the relief of thoſe whom
any defects, which may touch the rights of my they had utterly undone by their iniquitous pro-
“ good ſubjects, are diſcovered in my time; ſince | ceedings.
es that will furniſh me with means of giving you, The following is a compleat and exact ballance
" and all my people, an indiſputable proof of of the eſtates of the ſub-governor, deputy go-
my tenderneſs for their privileges, and how vernor, &c. of the Souch ſea company, as deli.
ivered

HISTORY and SURVÉr of LONDON:
283
66
2
1.
s. d.
10000 OO
Mr. Aftell
66
5000 OO
I000 O
1ооооо
I 0000
Mr. Child
IO000 O
10000 O
66
10000
20000 O
IO000
20000 OO
31 O2
10000 O
10000 O
5000 OO
IIOOO O
1 2000 O
5000 OO
1800 OO
66
66
66
10000 O 6
Mr. Turner
800 OO
vered upon oath to the barons of the exchequer, ment of a proteſtant king, having reaſon to be
together with the allowances out of each, thought
" thankful for the preſervation of their religion,
proper by the grand committee of the houſe of their laws, and liberties, and for the
many
commons to be made to each perſon reſpectively. bleſſings they enjoy from your majeſty's mild
" and gracious diſpoſition, cannot but rejoice at
Perſons.
Eſtates. Allowances.
“ this increaſe of your majeſty's royal progeny,
so d. q
at this addition of ſtrength to the proteſtant
Sir John Fellows, ſub-go-} 243096 00 06
“ intereſt, and on this agreeable proſpect of the
Charles Joye, Efq; deputy-} 40105 02 00
ct continuance of happineſs to them and their
governor
5000 OO
pofterity. They have great fatisfaction in the
27750 19 08
hopes, that this young prince will inherit the
Sir John Blunt
183349 10 081
“ bright and virtuous qualities of his anceſtors ;
Sir Lambert Blackwell 83529 17 11
Sir Robert Chaplin
45875 14 05
" they beg leave to wiſh for his health and wel-
Sir William Chapman 39161 06 081 10000 O O “ fare, and that your majeſty may live long, and
Mr. Chelter
140372 15 06
“ have the comfort to ſee him flouriſh and prof-
52437 19 01
Mr. Delaport
per, and to ſee him prove an ornament to your
17151 04 06
Mr. Eyles
34329 16 07
66 majeſty's moſt illuſtrious family, and a glory
Mr. Edmondſon
5365 Oo oo
3000 OO
66 and honour to the Britiſh nation.”'
Mr. Gibbon
106543 05 06
Mr. Gore
38936 15 05
Mr. Hawes
To which his majeſty was pleaſed to return this
40031 00 02
Sir William Hammond
22707 04 02
moſt gracious anſwer :
Mr. Horſey
19962 05 03
Mr. Holditch
39527 10 04
- The zeal and affection you have upon all
Sir Theodore Janſſen 243 244 03 11
50000 0 0
Sir Jacob Jacobſon
« occaſions ſhewn to my perſon and government,
11481 04 00
Mr. Ingram
16795 00 00
" leave me no room to doubt of your joy at this
Sir John Lambert
72508 oi 05
e happy increaſe of my family:
Sir Harcourt Maſter
11814 12 03 5000 OO “ I cannot omit taking this opportunity of af-
Mr. Morley
1869 10 03.18
Mr. Page
ſuring you, that I am truly concerned at the
3481% 12 038 10000 OO
Mr. Raymond
64373 06 03 30000 OO
calamity brought upon you by the wicked ma-
Mr. Read
117297 16 00
nagement of affairs in the South-ſea company.
Mr. Reignolds
18368 13 0214000 OO " I have, however, this comfort, that the reproach
Mr. Sawbridge
772.54 OI 08
5000 OO
w of any part of this misfortune cannot, with
Mr. Tillard
19175 14 04
15000 OO
881 17 06
" the leaſt juſtice, be imputed to me. Nothing
Mr. Surman, deputy-caſhier 121321 10 oo
5000 OO “ will give me more eaſe and ſatisfaction, than
" the feeing you delivered from your preſent ſuf-
This iniquitous ſcheme produced fuch miſery ferings, your trade revived, and public credit
to traders in general, that it became unfaſhionable “ re-eſtabliſhed.”
not to be a bankrupt; and no age can parallel the
great number of ſelf-murders committed about About this time, the plague raging violently
that time.
at Marſeilles in France, the parliament, fearful
At firſt South-fea ſtock fold at 861. and after-
it ſhould approach this kingdom, paſſed an act
wards roſe to 1100l. which advance upon their for performing quarantine ; wherein it was enact-
original fund of ten millions, made their ſtock
ed, that every infected place ſhould be incloſed
about one hundred and ten millions; which, with and ſhut up by a line or trench, in order to cut
the riſe of their four ſubſcriptions, made the off all communication, and that all perſons en-
whole about two hundred and ninety-five mil. deavouring to eſcape from the ſaid infected place,
lions.
without having regularly performed quarantine,
This amazing ſum had ſuch an effect on other ſhould ſuffer death as felons convict, without be-
ſtocks, that Bank ſtock roſe from 100l. to 2601. nefit of clergy.
India from 1ool. to 4051. African froni iool. to The citizens of London apprehending that not
2001. York-buildings from 1ol, to 3051. Lu only their rights and privileges, but likewiſe chat
ſtring from 5l. 2s. 6d. to 1051. Engliſh copper the trade and proſperity of the city were greatly
from 51. to 1051. Welſh copper from 41. 2s. 6d. affected by this act; the Lord-mayor, alder-
to 951. Royal Exchange aſſurance from 51. 55. to men, common-council, and merchants, peti-
2501. London aſſurance from 51. to 1751. tioned the houſe of lords againſt three clauſes in
William, duke of Cumberland, being born on the ſaid act, then under their lordſhips conſidera-
the fifteenth of April, 1721, the Lord-mayor and tion. After fome debates, the queſtion being
aldermen attended his majeſty on the occaſion, put that the ſaid petition be received, it paſſed in
when the recorder, in their name, congratulated the negative by a majority of fixty-three againſt
the king in words to the following effect :
twenty-two voices; when ſeventeen of the latter
entered their proteſt for the following reaſons :
« May it pleaſe your majeſty,
" The Lord mayor and court of aldermen of 1. Becauſe the liberty of petitioning the king
66 the city of London moſt humbly intreat your (much more that of petitioning either houſe of
“ majeſty's permiſſion to congratulate your ma parliament) is the birth-right of the free people
jeſty on the birth of the young prince. Theſe of this realm, claimed by them, and confirmed
your majeſty's faithful and dutiful ſubjects, be to them, foon after the revolution, in an act,
ing ſenſible of their felicity under the govern declaring the rights and liberties of the ſubject,
and
(6

284
HISTOŘ Y and SURVEI of LONDON.
and fettling the ſucceſſion of the crown : and neral act, muſt be repreſented to the legiſlature
whenever any remarkable check hath been given || by particular perſons or bodies corporate, or elſe
to the free exerciſe of this right, it hach always it cannot be repreſented at all; that the rejecting
been attended with ill conſequences to the public. fuch petitions, and the not receiving of them, is
2. Becauſe, the petition ſo rejected, was, in the way to occaſion diſorders and tumults; and
our opinion, every way proper and unexception that the more conſiderable the body is, the more
able, both as to the manner of wording and pre- regard ſhould be had to any applications they
ſenting it, and the matter to which it referred ; make; eſpecially for matters wherein not only the
nothing being more natural and reaſonable than rights, privileges, and immunities, but alſo their
that any corporate body ſhould, if they deſire it, || trade, ſafety and proſperity, are, as the petition
be heard upon any bill, under the conſideration of avers, highly concerned.
parliament, whereby they judge their particular
intereſts to be highly though not folely affected. || Briſtol,
Gower,
This liberty we remember to have been granted, || St. John de Bletſoe, Fran. Roffen,
in a late ſeſſion, to the traders of Norwich, upon Fran. Ceftrienſ. Litchfield,
their petition touching the callicoe bill; nor are Cowper,
North and Grey,
we aware that it hath ever, in like circumſtances, || Bathurſt,
Trevor,
been refuſed to the meaneſt corporation in the || Boyle,
Guildford,
kingdom: but, if it had, we humbly conceive Ailsford,
Bingley,
that, in this caſe, a diſtinction might have been Strafford,
Uxbridge.
made in favour of the city of London; which, Aberdeen,
being the center of credit, of the trade and
monied intereſt of the kingdom, and the place Notwithſtanding the petition was rejected, yes
where the plague, ſhould we be viſited by it, is a bill was fuon after brought in, and paſſed both
moſt likely firſt to appear, and having alſo re houſes for reverſing the clauſes that affected the
markably ſuffered by means of the late fatal city of London.
South-ſea ſcheme, was, we think, in a particular In the year 1722 advices being received of a
manner entitled to apply for relief againſt ſome moſt treacherous conſpiracy carried on againſt the
clauſes in the quarantine act, and deſerved to have government in favour of the pretender, che lord
been treated, on that occaſion, with more indul Townſhend, by command of his majeſty, fent the
gence and tenderneſs. .
following letter to the Lord-mayor of London:
3. Becauſe the rejecting the ſaid petition tends,
we conceive, to-diſcountenance all petitions, for “ My lord,
the future, in caſes of a public and general con “ His majeſty, having nothing more at heart
cern ; and by that means to deprive the legiſlature " than the peace and ſafety of his good city of
of proper lights, which they might otherwiſe re “ London, the protection of its inhabitants, and
ceive; it being no ways probable, that ſubjects " the ſupport of public credit, has commanded
or ſocieties of leſs conſideration will venture to me to acquaint your lordſhip, that he has re-
repreſent their ſenſe, in caſes of like nature, after “ ceived repeated and unqueſtionable advices,
the city of London have been thus refuſed to " that ſeveral of his ſubjects, forgetting the alle-
be heard.
giance they owe to his majeſty, as well as the
4 Becauſe, as the receiving this petition could “ natural love they ought to bear to their coun-
have had no ill conſequences, as we conceive, nor try, have entered into a wicked conſpiracy, in
have given any great interruption to the buſineſs 66 concert with traitors abroad, for raiſing a re-
of parliament, ſo the rejecting it may, we think, 66 bellion in this kingdom in favour of a popiſh
widen the unhappy differences that have ariſen, “ pretender, with a traiterous defign to over-
increaſe the diſaffection to the government, which
66 throw our excellent conftitution both in church
hath already too much prevailed in this king " and ſtate, and to ſubject a proteſtant free peo-
dom.
“ple to tyranny and ſuperſtition ; but I am
5. Becauſe the arguments uſed on the debate, perſuaded that it will be a great fatisfaction to
ſeem to us not to be of ſufficient force ; for we your lordſhip and the city to find, that, ac
cannot conceive, that, becauſe the ſaid act of " the ſame time I am ordered to inform you of
quarantine is a general act, therefore no particular " this deſign, I am likewiſe commanded by his
community or city, who think they may, in a dif majeſty to let you know, that he is firmly
tinguiſhing manner, be prejudiced by it, have a aſſured, that the authors of it neither are nor
right to be heard in relation to it, and that at a " will be ſupported, nor even countenanced, by
time when it is under the conſideration of parlia any foreign power. And as his majeſty his
Nor can we be of opinion, that a petition 66 had timely notice of their wicked machina-
agreed on by the Lord-mayor, alderinen and citi « tions, and has made the proper difpofitions
zens of London, in common-council aſſembled, “ for defeating them, has no reaſon to doubt
and preſented, not even by the numbers allowed “ but, by the continuance of the bleſſing of
by law, but by a lord of this houſe, can poſſibly almighty God, and the ready aſſiſtance of his
be a prelude, or example, towards introducing « faithful ſubjects, this effort of the malice
tumultuous petitions ; much leſs can we ſee why
66 of his e'nemies will be turned to their own con-
it ought the rather to be rejected becauſe it came 66 fuſion,
from ſo great a body as the city of London; on “ His majeſty makes no doubt but your lord-
the contrary, we apprehend that an univerſal ſhip, purſuant to the truſt repoſed in you, will,
grievance, which may be occaſioned by any ge « in conjunction with the other magiſtrates of
ment.
66
his

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
285
66 city.”
6
crown.
to
un-
“ his good city of London, exert, with the ut ( nounced the pretender, and as real friends to
“ moſt care and vigilance, your authority at ſo " our excellent conſtitution in church and ſtate,
“ important a conjuncture, for the preſervation 56 with a proteſtant prince at the head of it, we
of the public peace, and the ſecurity of the “ beg leave, in the moſt folemn manner, to de-
" clare to your majeſty, that, as we are bound
" in gratitude, we will exert ourſelves in our ſe-
On the receipt of this letter, the Lord-mayor * veral ſtations, with the utmoſt care and vigi-
and aldermen immediately drew up an addreſs to c.lance, for the preſervation of the public peace
his majeſty, which they next day preſented in the 6 and tranquillity, and for the reſtoring of public
following words:
credit, and that we will uſe our ſincere and
hearty endeavours for the firm ſupport of your
« Moſt gracious ſovereign,
s majefty upon the throne, and for the making
« Your majeſty having been graciouſly pleaſed your reign eaſy and happy,
" to ſignify to the Lord-ınayor, how much you is And we doubt not, but, by the bleſing of
“ have at heart the peace and ſafety of your city almighty God upon the wiſdom and conduct of
“ of London, the protection of its inhabitants, your majeſty, and the vigilance of your coun-
66 and the ſupport of public credit; and that your s cils, and the ready and chearful aſſiſtance of
“ majeſty has unqueſtionable advices of a wicked your majeſty's faithful ſubjects, your majeſty
" conſpiracy, entered into by ſome of your ma " will entirely defeat and fruſtrate the malice and
jeſty's ſubjects, in concert with traitors abroad, “ efforts of all your enemies, their aiders and
" for raiſing a rebellion in this kingdom, in fa abettors, and that their wicked machinations
vour of a popiſh pretender to your majeſty's 66 will be turned to their own confuſion.”
66 We, the Lord-mayor and court of aldermen To this his majeſty was moſt graciouſly pleaſed
“ of this city, moſt humbly intreat your majeſty's to return the following anſwer:
permiſſion to make this our immediate approach
your royal preſence, that we may return our " Your affectionate and cordial aſſurances
“ moſt humble and unfeigned thanks for this in upon this important occaſion, of an
“ ſtance of your majeſty's tender and indulgent " ſhaken zeal and fidelity to my perſon and
S regard to your faithful and dutiful ſubj cts of government, give me the greateſt ſatisfaction.
s this city, and that we may have leave to give
“ Your intereſt and mine are and ever muſt
your majeſty aſſurances of our ſteady and un “ be inſeparable; and I doubt not but that,
" alterable affection and zeal for your royal perſon " with the bleſing of God, the precautions I
“ and government, and for the continuance of the “ have taken, and your firm adherence to our
“ proteſtant ſucceſſion in your royal family, juſt cauſe, will ſoon convince our enemies,
c. And it is an unſpeakable fatisfaction to us,
" that their wicked deſigns can end in nothing
" that we can at the ſame time congratulate your
cc but their own confuſion. You may depend
“ majeſty on the happy ſucceſs of thoſe negotia upon my conſtant care and utmoſt endeavours
« tions, which have procured aſſurances that theſe to ſupport the public credit, to protect the
" wicked and traiterous purpoſes will not te privileges and properties of this great and opu-
“ ſupported or countenanced by any foreign “ lent city, and to maintain the religion, laws
power.
- and liberties of this kingdom.”
66 When we reflect on the many bleſſings which
" Britons enjoy under the protection of a prince, On the twenty-ſecond of May an order was
66 who makes the laws of this land his rule for made by the privy-council for the feveral lieute-
« the government of his people, when we conſider nancies within the bills of mortality to return an
« that neither the civil nor religious rights of your
exact account of the number of horſes within their
s majeſty's ſubjects have met with the leaſt in reſpective juriſdictions; when the ſum total, (ex-
« ftance of violation ſince your majeſty's happy cluſive of any mention being made in thoſe of
« acceſſion to the throne of theſe realms, when Southwark, or any other part on that ſide the
we recollect your majeſty's royal clemency and river) amounted to no more than ſeventeen thou-
“ benevolence (ſince the laſt rebellion) to num-
fand fix hundred and one.
« bers of thoſe who had offended in the higheſt Diſputes perpetually ariſing between the citi-
“ degree againſt their king and the laws of their zens about building party-walls and water-ſpouts
« country, we cannot but expreſs the utmoſt ab to their houſes, the parliament, to adjuſt theſe
« horrence of thoſe vile and deteſtable perſons, || contentions, enacted, That if any perſon refuſed
« who ſhall again conſpire and attempt to bring or neglected to build his ſhare of a party-wall,
" a free and happy people under the yoke of after due notice given him, his next neigh-
tyranny and ſuperſtition, and to involve this bour may build it for him, and oblige the perſon
« nation in a ſtate of blood, miſery, and utmoſt ſo neglecting it to pay the charges of rebuilding
66 confuſion.
And that the water falling from the tops of
66 And as theſe muſt be the unavoidable con houſes, balconies and penc-houſes, ſhall be con-
“ ſequences attending any enterprize to alter our veyed into channels or kennels, by pipes in the
« preſent happy eſtabliſhment, and to introduce front, or ſides of the houſes, on pain of forfeit-
a popiſh one ; as Engliſhmen that value our li ing twenty pounds.
« berties, as honeſt men that have ſworn allegiance In the year 1725, many citizens of London,
« to your majeſty, and who have abjured and re being greatly agitated by a bill chen depending
24
Сccc
06
it.
in
1

286
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Care
66
in the houſe of commons for regulating elections
within the ſaid city, petitioned the houſe, ſetting
forth the reſpective grievances under which they
laboured, and praying, “ That for promoting
So the welfare, for preſerving the liberties, the
“ peace and tranquillity of the ſaid city, and for
“ ſettling elections on a juſt and laſting founda-
« tion, the houſe would take the premiſes into
“ conſideration, and give the petitioners ſuch re-
* lief as they ſhould think moſt expedient."
In conſequence of this application to parlia-
mient, a bill was brought in, “ For regulating
“ elections in the city of London ; and for pre-
ſerving the peace, good order, and government
66 of the ſaid city.
This bill, however, created great diſturbances
among the citizens, and notwithſtanding it was
ſtrongly oppoſed in the houſe of commons, yet
it paſſed in the following form :
& Whereas of late years great controverſies and
“ diffentions have ariſen in the city of London at
" the elections of citizens to ſerve in parliament,
" and of mayors, aldermen, ſheriffs, and other of-
“ ficers of the ſaid city; and many evil-minded
perſons, having no right of voting, have un-
“ lawfully intruded themſelves into the aſſemblies
“ of the citizens, and prefumed to give their votes
“ at ſuch elections, in manifeſt violation of the
s“ rights and privileges of the citizens, and of the
• freedom of their elections, and to the diſturb-
ance of the public peace: and whereas great
“ numbers of wealthy perſons, not free of the
“ faid city, do inhabit, and carry on the trade of
“ merchandize, and other employments within
" the ſaid city, and refuſe or decline to become
« freemen of the ſame, by reaſon of an ancient
« cuſtom within the ſaid city, reſtraining the free-
4. men of the ſame from difpoſing of their perſo-
snal eſtates by their laſt wills and teſtaments :
s6 and whereas great diffentions have ariſen be-
tween the aldermen and commons of the com-
“ mon-council of London, in or concerning the
$* making or paffing of acts, orders, or ordi-
“ dinances in common-council, which, if not
s timely feccled and determined, may occaſion
great obſtructions of the public buſineſs and
concerns of the ſaid city, and create many ex-
penſive controverſies and ſuits at law, and be
attended with other dangerous conſequences.
" Now to the intent that ſuitable remedies may
“ be provided for preſerving the privileges of
56 the city of London, and the freedom of elec-
« tions therein, and for ſettling the right of ſuch
elections, and putting a ſtop to the aforeſaid
controverſies and diffentions, and the ill conſe-
“ ſequences of the ſame, and that a conſtant ſup.
ply may be had of able officers, capable of
“ ſupporting the dignity of, and maintaining
“ good order and government within that ancient,
“ populous, and loyal city, which is of the
“ greateſt conſequence to the whole kingdom;
“ be it enacted by the king's moſt excellent ma-
jeſty, by and with the advice and conſent of
“ the lords fpiritual and temporal, and com-
mons, in this preſent parliament aſſembled,
" and by the authority of the fame, That at all
times, from and after the firſt day of June, in
" the year of our lord 1725, upon every elec-
66 tion of a citizen or citizens to ſerve for the
ſaid city of London, in parliament, and upon
" all elections of mayors, ſheriffs, chamberlains,
bridge-maſters, audicors of chamberlains and
bridge-maſters accounts, and all and every
" other officer and officers to be choſen in and
“ for the ſaid city by the liverymen thereof, and
upon all elections of aldermen and common-
“ council-men, choſen at the reſpective ward-
mores of the ſaid city, the preſiding officer or
66 officers at ſuch elections ſhall, in caſe a poll be
" demanded by any of the candidates, or any
two or more of the electors, appoint a conve-
" nient number of clerks to take the fame;
" which clerks ſhall take the ſaid poll in the pre-
• ſence of the preſiding officer or officers, and be
s ſworn by ſuch officer or officers truly and in-
differently to take the fame ; and to ſet down
" the name of each voter, and his place of refi-
"dence or abode, and for whom he ſhall poll;
" and to poll no perſon, who ſhall not be ſworn ;
or being a quaker, ſhall not affirm according to
" the direction of this act: and every perſon, bem
« fore he is admitted to poll at any election of any
« citizen or citizens to ſerve in parliament, or of
any officer or officers uſually choſen by the
“ liverymen of the faid city, as aforeſaid, ſhall
“ take the oath herein after mentioned, or being
one of the people called quakers, ſhall folemn-
“ ly affirm the effect thereof."
That every voter for an alderman ſhall ſwear,
« That he is a freeman of London, and an houſe-
" holder in the ward of , and has not polled
at this election.
6. That if a poll be demanded, the preſiding
« officer or officers at ſuch election ſhall begin
“ ſuch poll the day the ſame ſhall be demanded,
or the next day following at furtheft, unleſs the
“ fame ſhall happen on a Sunday, and then on the
next day after, and ſhall duly and orderly pro-
" ceed thereon, from day to day, Sundays excepe-
• ed, until ſuch poll be finiſhed, and ſhall finiſh
so the poll at elections by the liverymen, within
“ ſeven days, excluſive of Sundays; and the poll
at the wardmote, within three days, excluſive
“ of Sundays, after the commencing the ſame re-
“ ſpectively, and ſhall, upon adjourning the poll
“ on each day, at all and every the elections afore.
“ faid, ſeal up the poll-books with the ſeals, and
« in the preſence of ſuch of the reſpective candi-
“ dates, or perſons deputed by them, as ſhall de.
“ fire the ſame ; and the ſaid poll-books ſhall not
“ be opened again, but at the time and place of
66 meeting, in purſuance of ſuch adjournment :
" and after the ſaid poll is finiſhed, the faid poll-
“ books being ſealed, as aforeſaid, ſhall, within
« two days after, be publickly opened at the place
« of election, and be duly and truly caft up, and
" within two days after ſuch caſting up, the
“ numbers of the votes or polls for each candie
“ date ſhall be truly, fairly, and publicly de.
" clared to the electors, at the place of election,
“ by the officer or officers preſiding at ſuch elec-
“ cion; and if a ſcrutiny ſhall, upon ſuch decla-
ration made, be lawfully demanded, the fame
« ſhall be granted and proceeded upon, and the
“ reſpective candidates ſhall immediately nominate
to

101211
to
66
66
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
287
to the preſiding officer or officers at ſuch elec " and appertain to freemen of the ſaid city of
do tion, any number of perſons qualified to vote “ London, being houſholders, paying ſcot, as
at ſuch election, not exceeding fix, to be ſcru “ herein after is mentioned and provided, and
« cineers for and on behalf of the candidate or 6 bearing lot, when required, in their ſeveral
- candidates on each ſide, to whom the preſiding " and reſpective wards, and to none other what-
of officer or officers at ſuch election, ſhall, within « foever. o 10 danas
“ fix days next after ſuch ſcrutiny ſhall be de « Provided nevertheleſs, that the houſes of
manded, upon requeſt, and at the charge of “ ſuch houſholder be reſpectively of true and real
" the candidate or candidates, or any the foruti 66 value of ten pounds a year, at leaſt ; and that
neers on his or their behalfs, deliver or cauſe 56 ſuch houſholders be reſpectively the ſole occu-
to be delivered, to him or them, a true copy, " piers of ſuch houſes, and have been actually in
“ ſigned by ſuch officer or officers, of the poll “ the poſſeſſion reſpectively of a houſe of ſuch
s taken at ſuch election; and all and every the " value, in the ward wherein the election is made,
“ ſcrutinies to be had or taken upon any election by the ſpace of twelve kalendar months next
be made by the liverymen of the ſaid city,
66 before ſuch election.
“ Thall begin within ten days after the delivery of " Provided alſo and for the better aſcertaining
" the copies of the ſaid polls, and be proceeded 56 what are the rates and taxes, to which ſuch
on day by day, Sundays excepted, and ſhall be “ houſholders ought to contribute and pay their
s finiſhed within fifteen days after the commence So ſcot, the ſame are hereby declared and enacted
ment of ſuch ſcrutiny ; and thereupon the to be a rate to the church, to the poor, to the
“preſiding officer or officers ſhall, within four « ſcavenger, to the orphans, and to the rates in
“ days after the finiſhing ſuch ſcrutiny, publicly " lieu of or for the watch and ward, and to ſuch
“ declare at the place of ſuch election, which of s other annual rates, as the citizens of London,
" theſe candidates is or are duly elected, and the inhabiting therein, ſhall hereafter be liable unto,
“ number of legal vores for each candidate ap “ other than and except annual aids granted or to
pearing to him or them upon ſuch ſcrutiny; " be granted by parliament; and in caſe any ſuch
« and on the election of any officer or officers at “ houſholder, within the ſpace aforeſaid, ſhall
“ the reſpective wardmotes of the ſaid city, if a have been rated and charged, and contributed
" ſcrutiny be demanded, the candidates, or ſcru 6 and paid his ſcot to all the ſaid rates or taxes,
“ tineers nominated on their behalfs reſpectively, or thirty ſhillings a year to all, or ſome of them
« ſhall, within ten days next after the receipt of except as aforeſaid , every ſuch perſon ſhall be
" the copy or copies of the polls taken at ſuch “ deemed and taken to be a perſon paying of
" election, deliver or cauſe to be delivered, to • fcot." With a proviſo that partners in trade
" the preſiding officer or officers, the names in may vote, each paying ten pounds a year rent:
" writing of the ſeveral perſons, who have polled and two inhabiting the ſame houſe, each pay-
" in the ſaid election, againſt whoſe votes they | ing ſcot and ten pounds per annum rent. Wich
“ fhall object, with the particular objections an exemption of all perſons, who are diſcharged
againſt each reſpective name; and the preſiding from paying fcot and bearing any loc by act of
« officer or officers Thall thereupon within three parliament, charter or writ of privilege.
“6 days then next following, at the requeſt and It was further enacted, “ That no perſon or
“ charges of any candidate or candidates, or the 5 perſons whatſoever, thall have any right or
" ſcrutineers named on his or their behalfs, de “ title to vote at any election of a citizen or citi.
“ liver, or cauſe to be delivered, to him or them, zens to ſerve in parliament for the ſaid city, or
" one or more true copy or copies, ſigned as of any mayor, or other officer or officers to be
« aforeſaid, of the paper containing ſuch names “ choſen by the livery men thereof, who have
" and objections, as aforeſaid; and the faid
pre-
not been
upon the livery by the ſpace of twelve
ſiding officer or officers, within ten days then “ kalendar months before ſuch election, and who
next following, excluſive of Sundays, after “ ſhall not have paid their reſpective livery-fines,
" having fully heard ſuch of the ſaid candidates, or, who having paid the ſame, ſhall have re-
as ſhall deſire the ſame, or ſome perſon ap-
« ceived ſuch fines back again in part or in all,
pointed by him or them, touching ſuch objec or ſhall have had any allowance in reſpect
tions, fhall, at or in the place of election, “ thereof; and no perſon or perſons whatſoever
“ openly and publicly declare which of the ſaid “ ſhall have any right to vote at any election of
" candidates is or are duly elected, and the num citizen or citizens to ſerve in parliament, or
“ ber of legal votes for each candidate appearing " of any mayor, alderman, or other officer or
to him or them upon ſuch fcrutiny ; and if the "S officers of or for the ſaid city, or any the wards,
" ſaid preſiding officer or officers, or any other « or precincts thereof who have ac any time,
“ perſon or perſons, ſhall offend in the premiſes, us within the ſpace of two years next before ſuch
every ſuch offender ſhall forfeic for every ſuch " election or elections, requeſted to be, and ac-
" offence the ſum of two hundred pounds of law “ cordingly have been diſcharged from paying to
“ ful money of Great-Britain, with full coſts of “ the rates and taxes, to which the citizens of
“ ſuit, over and above all other penalties and “ London, inhabiting therein, are or ſhall be
forfeitures inflicted by any other act or acts of " liable, as aforeſaid, or any of them ; or have,
parliament.
66 within the tinie aforeſaid, had or received any
" That the right of election of aldermen and « alms whatſoever; and the vote of every ſuch
" common-councilmen, for the ſeveral and re perſon ſhall be void.
« ſpective wards of the ſaid city, ſhall belong
66
$6
a
46 And

288
HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
" them.
66
66 And that no act, order, or ordinance what As ſoon as the citizens knew the contents of this
" foever, fhall be made or paſſed in the common bill, and that it was ſent up to the houſe of lords
« council of the ſaid city, without the aſſent of for their determination, a great number of free-
" the mayor and aldermen preſent at ſuch com men petitioned the houſe againſt it in the follow-
mon-council, or the major part of them, nor ing manner :
“ without the affent of the commons preſent at
“ ſuch common-council, or the major part of " That your petitioners waited with much pa-
" tience and contentment of mind, (as very well
- Provided always, that nothing in this act a became them) whilſt the bill lately depending
“ contained, ſhall extend, or be conſtrued to ex-
" in the honourable houſe of commons, intituled,
" tend, to any election, nomination or appoint (an act for regulating elections in the city of
ment in common-council, of any common • London, and for maintaining the peace, good
“ ferjeant, town-clerk, judges of the ſheriffs “ order, and government of the ſame city,) was
court, coroner, common-cryer, commiſſioners of
“ there forming
“ ſewers, garbler, and the governor and affiftants “ That they were fully perſuaded that the ſame
si of London of the new plantation of Ulſter in
at laſt would be there to finiſhed, as fully to
« Ireland, but that the election, nomination, or
"s anſwer the title thereof, and the good inten-
u appointment, of all or any of the ſaid officers,
- tions which that honourable houſe always bears
“ fhall and may be made by the mayor, alder-
" towards the citizens of London ; but notwith-
men and commons, in common-council affem ſtanding, your petitioners, with great concern
“ bled, or the major part of them.”
of mind, humbly crave leave to repreſent to
This act then proceeds with a clauſe to enable your lordſhips, that the ſaid bill now tranſmit-
freemen to diſpoſe of their perſonal eſtates, al “ ted thence to your lordſhips, in the form it
ledging, “that to the intent that perſons of wealth now ſtands, will not only, as your petitioners
« and ability, who exerciſe the buſineſs of mer apprehend, highly affect the rights and privi-
“ chandize, and other laudable employments,
! leges of the freemen in particular, but the laud-
“ within the ſaid city, may not be diſcouraged
“ able and ancient government and cuſtoms of
“ from becoming free of the ſame, by reaſon of " the city in general, in many inſtances, ſome of
" the cuſtom reſtraining the citizens and freemen
" which, with perfect duty, fubmiffion, and re-
" thereof from diſpoſing of their perſonal eſtates ſignation, we beg leave to lay before your lord.
“ by their laſt wills and teſtaments; be it further
ſhips.
“ enacted, by the authority aforeſaid, that it ſhall
" For that the faid bill takes away from great
s and may be lawful to and for all and every
“ numbers of the freemen (other than paupers
perſon and perſons, who ſhall, at any time “ and nonjurors) the undoubted rights which
" from and after the firſt day of June, 1725, be
" they before had of voting in their corporate
“ made, or become free of the ſaid city, and alſo “ elections, without any crime or fault in them
to and for all and every perſon and perſons,
“s
aſſigned.
“ who are already free of the ſaid city, and on
“ For that it deſtroys the former qualification
" the ſaid firſt day of June, 1725, ſhall be un-
" of a voter in wardmote elections, and hath
« married, and not have iſſue by any former “ ſubſtituted a new, complicated, and uncertain
5 marriage, to give, deviſe, will, and diſpoſe of one, in the room of it, and which, as your
“ his and their perſonal eſtate and eſtates, to ſuch petitioners apprehend, may be productive of
*C6 perſon and perſons, and to ſuch uſe and uſes,
various controverſies and diſputes.
as he or they ſhall think fit ; any cuſtom or
6. For that the ſaid bill, in effect, leaves all the
uſage of or in the ſaid city, or any by-law or
remaining votes of the city at the mercy of the
ss ordinance, made or obſerved, within the ſame, preſiding officer, who may ſtill declare as he
to the contrary thereof, in any wiſe notwith may be inclined, without granting a copy of
“ ftanding."
" the poll ſcrutinized, or giving any account
It was alſo enacted, by another clauſe added to “ what votes he allows or diſallows, notwith-
this bill, (for the alteration of a freeman's oath) " ſtanding this bill; whence the remedy either
" That there ſhall be omitted and left out of the “ for the injured candidate or voter, becomes
" oath of a freeman of the faid city, the words exceeding difficult, if not wholly impracti,
“ following, that is to ſay, [ye ſhall know no
“ foreigner to buy or ſell any merchandize with “ For that the bill, in a manner, aboliſhes the
any other foreigner within the ſaid city, or the 6 ancient and laudable cuſtom of diſtribution of
“ franchiſe thereof: but ye ſhall warn the cham: “ freemen's perſonal eſtates, ſo agreeable to na-
s berlain thereof, or ſome miniſter of the cham “ tural equity, and ſo wiſely adapted to the prof-
“ ber :) and alſo theſe words following, that is “ perity of a trading city, without juſt occaſion,
“ to ſay, [ye ſhall implead or fue no freeman " and upon ſuggeſtions not well grounded, as we
« out of the city, whilſt ye may have right and “ humbly apprehend.
6 law within the ſame city]: and after theſe Laſtly, for that by the ſame bill as your
“ words, [ye ſhall take no apprentice] the petitioners humbly apprehend, the commoners
" words immediately following ſhall alſo be omit in common-council, who are two hundred and
“ ted, that is to ſay, [but if he be free-born, «s thirty-four in number, and though they are
" that is to ſay, no bondſman's ſon, nor the child “ all unanimous, may nevertheleſs be reſtrained
“ of an alien,) and for [no] theſe words [for any] “ from applying to his majeſty, or either houſe
66 Thall be inſerted in the ſaid oath."
“ of parliament, upon any occaſion, how necef-
CG
66
s6 cable.
66
14 ſary

HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON. 4 289
CC
may,
is
56 vileges.
ſary fuever; from iſſuing out of the chamber lords for the queſtion entered their proteſt as
fo much as one farthing, upon any occaſion, follows:
“ how juſt ſoever; or ſeal any city leaſe, though
upon terms ever ſo advantageous; or come to Diſſentient".
any reſolution whatſoever, and how reaſonable
“ foever, without the conſent of the mayor and 1: Becauſe it being enacted and declared, by the
“ aldermen, or the majority of them, though act mentioned in the queſtion, that the mayor,
" they ſhould be no more than three of them commonalty, and citizens of London, ſhall for
" there preſent: and this, as it is ſaid, by the ever hereafter remain, continue, and be preſcribed
"ancient conſtitution of the city; and yet, which to be a body corporate in re fatto & nomine, by
s is very extraordinary, the ſame bill lays no the name of mayor and commonalty, and citi-
“ reſtraint upon the power, which the Lord zens of the city of London, and ſhall, as by law
mayor and aldermen exerciſe themſelves over they ought, peaceably enjoy all and every their
" the public purſe and the ſeal, which is now rights, gifts, charters, grants, liberties, privileges,
“ become very great and extenſive: if ſuch hath franchiſes, cuſtoms; ulages, conſtitutions, preſcrip-
« been the ancient conſtitution of the city, your || tions, immunities, markets, duties, tolls, lands,
“ petitioners humbly beg leave to ſay, that the tenements, eſtates, and hereditaments whatſoever,
“ fame hath been ſo ancient, that few or no foot which they had, or had a right or intereſt in, or
ſteps thereof have remained to this day; and to, at the time of giving the faid judgment: and
ce that in the memories of the oldeſt of us, the we being apprehenſive that the alterations made
66 ſame hath never ſo much as been claimed or in this bill, in the conſtitution of the common-
se mentioned by the mayor and aldermen, except council, and other ancient rights, franchiſes, and
(6 twice only ; firſt in the year 1674, and now preſcriptions of the city, may utterly aboliſh the
again very lately, and both times relinquiſhed || ancient legal title of the city to their rights, fran-
as ſoon as mentioned: and yet we find by || chiſes, preſcriptions, and conſtitutions, in the
experience, that the Lord-mayor and al particulars concained in the ſaid bill, and
“ dermen are never wanting to affert the moſt in conſequence thereof, work a total change of
remote pretenſions to all their rights and pri the whole ancient conſtitution of the corporation
of the ſaid city, or greatly confound or prejudice
" From ſuch alterations and innovations, your
the fame, which has ſtood for ſo many ages, upon
petitioners have too juſt reaſon to apprehend, the foundation of its ancient title, rights, and
w that the good fruit and effea intended by this preſcription, confirmed by many grants, made by
“ bill is not to be expected from it in the form his majeſty's royal progenitors, and by many acts
“ it now ſtands, and that the controverſies and of parliament, all which were reſtored ſo ſoon
« diffentions of the city will not thereby be lef after the happy and glorious revolution, and
« fened but increaſed.
which have been peaceably enjoyed to the preſent
" Wherefore your petitioners humbly intreat time. We are of opinion that the ſolution of the
your lordſhips to take the premiſes into your ſaid queſtion by the judges, muſt have tended
" tender confideration ; to aſcertain the qualifi- greatly to the neceſſary information of the houſe,
"cations of the feveral voters in our elections and to their better judgment upon a bill of ſo
" the manner of our elections; to put a check great importance, as well as to the fatisfaction and
upon the behaviour of the preſiding officers ; quiet of the citizens of London, who, ſo far as
« and to eſtabliſh the good government and an we can collect from the petitioners againſt the
“ cient cuſtom of the city, in ſuch manner, as bill, are greatly alarmed at the conſequence there-
" to your lordſhip’s profound wiſdom ſhall ſeem of: and we are of opinion, that it was the more
juſt and reaſonable, and may be compatible | neceffary, and more conſiſtent with the wiſdom
" with the rights, privileges, and freedom of the of this houſe, to be informed of the law by the
“ faid city: and that your petitioners may be || judges upon the queſtion propoſed, becauſe we
“ heard by their council, or otherwiſe, what they don't find in this bill, any ſaving or confirmation
“ have humbly to offer againſt ſuch parts of the of any of the ancient titles, rights, preſcriptions,
" ſaid bill, as relate to the matters aforeſaid, in || privileges or franchiſes of the ſaid city reſtored to
« fuch manner as your lordſhips ſhall think them by the former law.
2. We think the queſtion ought to have been
propoſed to the judges, the rather becauſe the
After the petition was read, it was propoſed to opinions of ſeveral counſels were admitted to be
aſk the opinions of the judges, 16 whether this read at the bar of the committee of the whole
“ bill does repeal any of the preſcriptions, privi- | houſe, in favour of the bill.
.
leges, cuſtoms and liberties of the ſaid city of
" London, reſtored to them, or preſerved by the Bathurſt, Litchfield, Foley,
“ act paſſed in the ſecond year of king. William Wharton, St. John Bletſoe, Franc. Ceftrienſis,
“ and queen Mary, for reverſing the judgment Arundel, Strafford, Lechmere,
e in a quo warranto againſt the city of London, Bruce, Bingley,
Montjoy,
“ and for reſtoring the faid city to its ancient Coventry, Gower,
Abingdon.
« rights and privileges.
Briſtol,
Various debates ariſing thereupon the queſtion
was put,
“ whether the judges ſhall deliver When it was reſolved in the affirmative that the
“ their opinions upon the ſaid propoſed queſtion?” ſaid bill with the amendment ſhould pafs, the fol-
It was refolved in the negative. On which the lowing proteft was entered :
25
Dddd Diffentient'.
SG fit."

290
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Dillentient'. sny notion of be very detrimental to the true intereſt of this
Lechmere, Warrington. at ancient, populous, loyal, and hitherto flouriſhing
city, the preſervation of whoſe good order and
1. Becauſe we apprehend, that the penalty of government, the bill itſelf very juſtly and judi-
two hundred pounds upon the officer preſiding at ciouſly allows to be of the greateſt conſequence
wardmote elections, as well at elections even for to the whole kingdom.
members of parliament, is ſo ſmall, that it may
be conſtrued into an indemnification, and be look Scarſdale, Bruce, Montjoy,
ed upon rather as an encouragement than a re Strafford, Fr. Ceftrien'. Gower,
ſtraint, by a wealthy, partial, and arbitrary officer: Boyle,
Abingdon, Foley,
at leaſt, we are of opinion, that ſuch a one will Bathurit, Uxbridge, Briſtol,
not be ſufficiently deterred by it from returning Bingley, Wharton, Exeter,
ſuch candidates as he likes, rather than ſuch as the Compton, Craven,
Arundel,
city chooſes ; and if ever that melancholy caſe Berkeley de Str. Weſton, Litchfield,
ſhall happen, we fear, neither the candidates nor
St. John Bletſoe.
voters will be able to find an effectual method of
doing juſtice for ſo flagrant an injury, either to Dilſentient
themſelves or to the nation.
2. Becauſe we cannot but think, from the evi. For the foregoing reaſons, and thoſe that fol-
dence given at the bar, that this bill will take | low, (viz.). In the
away from many citizens their right of voting in
wardmnote elections, by giving an excluſion to all 1. Becauſe we are of opinion that the great
thoſe who inhabit houſes under ten pounds a year, alterations made by this bill in the ancient conſti-
even though they pay pariſh duties, or thirty tution of the common.council, and other the
ſhillings in lieu of them, which we conceive an rights, franchiſes, and preſcriptions of the city
unjuſtifiable hardſhip upon thoſe who may have of London, will, if paſſed into a law, entirely
long enjoyed that right, and have had no crime ſubvert and deſtroy the ancient title, which the
objected to them, much leſs proved, as we think city at this time lawfully claims, and has had hi-
it ought to be, before they can juſtly be deprived therto; and will introduce and enact a new con-
of it.
ftitution upon the city hereafter, to be claimed
3. Becauſe by this bill no act is to paſs in com. and enjoyed, not upon the foundation of their
mon-council, for the future, except what relates ancient title, but of this act of parliament, which
to the nomination of ſome few officers, without muſt, as we conceive, in all future times, when-
the aſſent of the major part of the mayor and al ever the city of London may have occaſion to
dermen, preſent in ſuch common-council, which affert or defend their ancient title and franchiſes,
we conceive will give too great an addition of bring them under inſuperable difficulties, and
power to the mayor and aldermen, who have al. may be followed with dangerous conſequences,
ready many and large prerogatives inconteſtably concerning the very being and conſtitution of the
allowed them by the commonalty of the city; corporation, many of which it is impoſſible to
and though the council for the bill inſiſted, that
forefee or enumerate.
the
mayor and aldermen had anciently that right, 2. We are of opinion, that the new conſtitu-
which this bill eſtabliſhes, yet the proof of that
tion of the common-council enacted by this bill,
right appeared to us ſo remote and obſcure, that whereby a negative is declared, and given to the
we our ownſelves were too ſhort fighted to diſcern mayor and aldermen, not only in the making of
it; and on the other ſide it appears plain to us, by-laws, for the government of the city, but in
that even from the time of incorporating the city other acts concerning the iſſuing and diſpoſal of
to this preſent time, ſuch a claim has very feldom the treaſure of the city, and alſo of the ſeal of
been made; and that it has never been acknow the city, whereby their lands and other eſtates
ledged, and therefore we conceive if there be any are ſubjected to the ſaid negative, and in all other
foundation for ſuch right, which we are far from acts and powers at this time, as we conceive, bes
thinking there is, the diſpute ſhould be decided || longing to the common-council, except only the
firſt in the inferior courts of juſtice, and rather appointment of ſome few officers, mentioned in
determined in the houſe of lords upon an appeal, the bill, is a dangerous innovation upon the city,
than ended by an act of parliament, which ſeems unſupported by any evidence offered at the bar, of
to us ſuch a method of determining controverſies the ancient conftitution, and though in late time
of this nature, as may prove of the moſt dan mentioned to be claimed, yet contrary, as we
gerous conſequence to the rights and properties of conceive, to a clear, uninterrupted, and convinc-
all the ſubjects of Great Britain.
ing proof of the exerciſe of the powers and au-
4. Becauſe the bill aboliſhes the cuſtom re thorities of the common-council, in all ages, to
lating to the diſtribution of the perſonal eſtates the 29th of January, 1723. And we conceive, the
of free citizens; which is a cuſtom not only of alteration made by the bill, in this reſpect, to be
great anciquity, but ſeems to us to be wiſely cal the more unwarrantable, becauſe the written evi-
culated for the benefit of a trading city, and has dence offered to ſupport the claim of a negative
been acquieſced under for ſo many years, without by the mayor and aldermen, was either conceived
the leaſt complaint of any one free citizen, that in general terms, unapplicable to that claim, and
we ever heard of; that the taking it away in this not maintained by ſubſequent practice, or was
manner cannot but appear to us too raſh and
pre-
drawn from proceedings in times of trouble and
cipitate ; and may t00, probably, in our opinion, confuſion.
3. We

HVIS TORT and SURÝ Er of LONDON.
291
3.
We are of opinion, that the extraordinary || kingdom, and unfit for the magiſtracy of the
power given by this bill to the mayor and alder- || city, and may thereby introduce improper and
men, will reſt in them new and exorbitant autho pernicious influences over the citizens; and we
rities over all the citizens, their rights, liberties, think that the ſtrength, the riches, power and
and franchiſes of all kinds inconſiſtent with that ſafety of the city of London have been hitherto,
balance of power in the city by which the ſame in a great meaſure ſupported by this and other
have been preſerved, and in the future exerciſe cuſtoms of the city, as the walls thereof, and
thereof, muſt, as we conceive, lay the foundation we fear, that the decay of trade, and with that.
of conſtant and laſting diſputes, diviſions, and of the grandeur of the city of London, and the
diſtraction in the city of London.
diminution and loſs of the great exciſes and du-
4. We think this bill is more dangerous, be ties ariſing from the trade of the city, on which
cauſe it creates a new conftitution in ſeveral par the ſupport of his majeſty's government ſo much
ticulars contained in it, not framed upon the an. depends, may be the conſequence of the abolition
cient rights, proved or pretended to, or diſputed of this ancient cuſtom and privilege of the free-
on either ſide, but is a new model, without due men of the city of London.
regard to the antecedent rights, as claimed by 6. Becauſe we are of opinion, that the petition
either ſide; and will deprive a great number of of the many thouſand freemen of the city againſt
citizens of their ancient rights and franchiſes in this bill, ought to be of far greater weight, than
elections, and otherwiſe, without leaving them any the petition of fifteen aldermen for it, and that
opportunity of aſſerting the ſame by due courſe the confufion which may ariſe from this bill, if
of law; and is a precedent of the moſt dan- paffed into a faw, may tend greatly to the future
gerous conſequence to all the cities and corpora diſturbance of his majeſty's wiſe and gentle go-
tions of this kingdom.
vernment.
5. We are of opinion, that the abolition of
the ancient cuſtom of the city, touching the per Wharton,
Strafford.
ſonal eſtates of freemen, is a dangerous innova Coventry,
tion, tending to let in to the government of the
co God
city, perſons unexperienced and unpractiſed in Notwithſtanding theſe debates, the bill foon
the laudable and beneficial trade of the city and after paffed, in conformity to the original intent.
CHAPTER XL.
Treaty concluded between the emperor of Germany and Spain. Foundation of Guy's-hoſpital:
Mutiny in Newgate. Death of George I. and accefion of George II. King and queen en-
tertained at Guildhall on Lord-mayor's-dery. Account of the banquet. A deſign formed to
rob the queen on her return from the city. Remarkable high tide. A petition for filling
Fleet-ditch, and making a market. Scheme for a general excife. Marriage of the prin-
ceſs royal with the prince of Orange. Great conteſt on the election of chamberlain. Violent
ſtorm of wind. Regulation of bakers. Black-friars added to the city. Aft of parliament
for a new method of Lighting the city, and
ſettling the watch. A boy killed by the fly of a
mill
. King's printing-boufë burnt. Merchants petition againſt the depredations of the
Spaniards.
ир
A
pre-
Treaty of peace having been concluded , tertained the Lord-miayof, aldermen, and com-
between the emperor of Germany and || mon-council, in a very ſumptuous and magnific
king of Spain very diſadvantageous to cent manner at dinner, in his palace at St. James's,
the rights and privileges of Great-Britain, and accompanied by the principal miniſters of ſtates
calculated to deſtroy the chief branches of the and a great number of the nobility.
britiſh trade, and to favour the cauſe of the About this time Orator Henly, the fon of a
tender, the citizens of London highly reſenting || worthy divine, ſet up a new ſect under the title of
the ſame, preſented a loyal addreſs to their in an oratory. To advance which he informed the
jured king; in which they aſſured his majeſty, public, that on the third of July the oratory would
" that the loyal city of London would be always be opened; that the fundamental authority of this
“ ready to ſacrifice their lives and fortunes in inſtitucion, conſidered as a church, would be the
“ defence of his royal perſon and government, || fame with that of all the modern churches; that
" and of our excellent conſtitution, both in is, a legal liberty of private judgment in reli-
church and ſtate, againſt all his enemies what “ gion, which is the very principle of the refora
6 foever.
« mation, the baſis of all the proteſtant intereſt,
His majeſty not only returned them his hearty C6 and the moſt valuable branch of the freedom
thanks for this additional mark of their affection cs of our conſtitution.” At the ſame time, in
for his perſon and government, but likewiſe en order to prevent any diſturbance he might receives
OR

292
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
CC
on account of his ſeparation from the church, in preſent, with the officers of arms, all being on
which he had been ordained a prieſt, he reſolved foot; then the officers of arms being niounted on
to ſhelter himſelf under the canon of the tolera horſeback, the like was done in Leiceſter Square,
tion act ; for which purpoſe he took the oaths of at Charing-croſs, within Temple-bar, at the end
abjuration and allegiance, before the bench of of Wood-ſtreet in Cheapſide, and laſtly, at the
juſtices at Hicks's-hall,
Royal Exchange, with the uſual folemnities.
The place Mr. Henly adapted for his oratory The proclamation ran thus :
was very reniarkable, and befitting his novel
inſtitution ; being a ſort of wooden booth, built " Whereas it hath pleaſed almighty God to
over the ſhambles in Newport market, near Lei - call to his mercy our late fovereign lord king
ceſter-fields, formerly uſed for a temporary meet George, of bleſſed memory, by whoſe deceale
ing-houſe of a calviniſtical congregation, After “ the imperial crowns of Great Britain, France
which he moved near to the weſt entrance into " and Ireland, are ſolely and rightfully come
Clare market.
to the high and mighty prince George, prince
Although his private fortune was greatly in. " of Wales; we, therefore, the lords ſpiritual
creaſed by money paid for admiſſion into his " and temporal of this realm, being here affited
oratory for upwards of thirty-five years, yet he " with thoſe of his late majeſty's privy-council,
could never form an eſtabliſhed congregation ; " with numbers of other principal gentlemen of
nor does it appear that his religion gained him one quality, with the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and
proſelyte ; his whole ſyſtem and conduct for that « citizens of London, do now hereby, with one
time exhibiting nothing more than fatyr, bur “ full voice, and conſent of tongue and heart,
leſque, and grimace.
publiſh and proclaim, That the high and
This year Guy's hoſpital was built at the fole mighty prince George, prince of Wales, is
expence of Mr. Thomas Guy, formerly a book now, by the death of our late ſovereign, of
ſeller in London, afterwards member of parlia happy memory, become our only lawful and
ment for Tamworth, who left a benefaction of righetul liege lord George the ſecond, by the
two hundred thouſand pounds for its ſupport. grace of God, king of Great-Britain, France
In the year 1726, fome malefactors under fen " and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. to
fentence of death in the condemned hold of New “ whom we do acknowledge all faith and con-
gate, having been previouſly ſupplied with arms, “ ftant obedience, with all hearty and humble
barrocaded the door of the ſaid hold on the affection, beſeeching God, by whom kings and
norning appointed for their execution; intima “ queens do reign, to blefs the royal king George
tion whereof being ſent to the ſheriff, he went to " the ſecond with long and happy years to reign
the priſon, and endeavoured to perſuade them to over us. Given at the court at Leiceſter-houle,
ſurrender ; but they remaining obſtinate, the
" this fourteenth day of June, 1727-
keepers fired in upon them from above; and
" God ſave the king."
after ſeveral wounds received, they ſurrendered,
and were executed according to their ſentence. Two days after, the city of London addreſſed
The ſheriff, however, was ſeized with the goal || his majeſty and the queer in a moſt loyal and af-
diſtemper, of which he ſoon after died.
fectionate manner. And on the ſixth of October
In the year 1727, his majeſty, who had not following, they invited their majeſties, his royal
been abroad for cwo years, reſolved to viſit his || highneſs the duke, and the three eldeſt princeſſes
German dominions. Accordingly, having ap to dinner at Guildhall, on the approaching Lord-
pointed a regency, he embarked at Greenwich on mayor's day; which their majeſties graciouſly
the third of June, and landing in Holland on the accepting, a committee of eight aldermen and
ſeventh, ſet out on his journey to Hanover. On ſixteen commoners were appointed to ſuper-intend
the ninth he arrived in apparent good health, be the entertainment to be provided for the occaſion.
tween ten and eleven at night, at Delden. He On the appointed day, their majeſties, with the
fupped heartily, reſted well, and proceeded on duke and princeſſes, attended by the great offi-
his journey about four in the morning. Between cers of ſtate, with a numerous train of the nobi-
eight and nine he ordered the coach to ſtop, and lity, and all the foreign miniſters, came into the
perceiving one of his hands to ſtand motionleſs, city, and in the uſual place appointed for the
Taid, “ I cannot move this hand.” Soon after | purpoſe, beheld the pompous cavalcade; after
his eyes began to ſtare, his mouth to be diſtorted, || which they were conducted to Guildhall, where,
and his tongue to ſwell, fo that he was deprived on entering the council chamber, the recorder,
of the faculty of ſpeech. He was inſtantly ſeized in the name of the citizens, complimented his
with a fit of the palſy, and though recovered a majeſty in the following ſpeech :
little by opening a vein, he ſoon after became le-
thargic, and was conveyed in a ſtate of infenfibi May it pleaſe your majeſty,
lity to Oſnaburg, where he expired on Sunday
the eleventh of June, in his brother's palace, “ The Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common.
and was interred at Hanover among his anceſtors. “ of this city beg leave to offer their moſt hum-
On the demiſe of king George I. his only fon, “ ble acknowledgements for this great honour to
his royal highneſs George, then prince of Wales, “ the city by the preſence of your majetty, your
was proclaimed on the fifteenth of June, by the royal confort, the princeſs royal and his royal-
name of king George II. The proclamation was highneſs. Their joy is inexpreſfible, to behold
firſt made before Leiceſter houſe, where the offi “ their ſovereign condeſcending to accept their
cers of ftate, nobility, and privy-coun'ellors were “ good will and affections, and, in the moſt en:
gaging

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
293
CG
IO IO
IIOO
000
}
21
65
O O OOO
22
26 12
-}
o
IO IQ
16 9
66
doz. bot.
gaging manner, vouchſafing here to receive their
White Port
21 6
homage and duty.
Canary
5
" This day will ever be remembered by them
Old Hock
4-
56 with the higheſt ſatisfaction. This happy day
66 which gave birth to their moſt gracious king,
In all
315 9
“ who is pleaſed thus to honour them in the en-
joyment of all their rights and privileges. A
An account of the ſeveral ſums of money paid
“ prince who takes pleaſure in promoting their for the diſcharge of this royal banquet, and to
happineſs; and who thinks it gives the trueſt whom.
“ luſtre to his crown, to preſerve the religion,
£.
" the laws, and liberties of his people. Fortu-
To the king's cook, for his affiſtance
To Leonard Pead and Bowler Miller, cooks
nate is their preſent condition, and delightful
To Mr. Page, the confectioner
250
so is their proſpect, while they have in view your To different perſons for wine (excluſive of that
returned)
651 0
majeſty, their moſt gracious and juſtly ad-
To Mr. Colt, for knots and cockades
42
mired queen, and the illuſtrious branches of
To Meffrs. Rite and Smith, for work
your royal family.
To Joſeph Thompſon, for work
68
" Permit, Sir, theſe your majeſty's moſt faith To Samuel Bick for wax-candles
129
“ ful ſubjects, to take this opportunity of aſſur-
To Mr. Sedgwick, for lighting Guildhall-yard
To Mr. Claypole, the butler, for napkins,
ing your majeſty of their unalterable attach-
knives, forks, &c.
} 240 0
ment to your royal perſon, and of the warmeſt To Meſſrs. Myngay and Tomlinſon, for cloth
24. IO
6 zeal for the ſupport of your government; the
To Eleanor Rogers, for gloves
8
2
136 beſt, the only ſecurity of our excellent conſti-
To Elizabeth Biddle and Co. for gold fringe 94 7
oc tution in church and ſtate, and of every thing
To Edward Colt, for gold favours
52 13
To Mr. Remembrancer, for attendance
66 which is dear and valuable to Engliſhmen. To Elizabeth Charles, for entertaining the horſe-
25
66 Gratitude and intereſt make theſe the unani grenadiers
mous ſentiments of this your majeſty's moſt
To James Nelſon, for entertaining the horſe-guards 30
To John Parker, for entertaining his majeſty's
55 loyal, and moſt dutiful city of London."
coaches
} 95
Their majeſties and the princeſſes then pro To the clerks of the chamber, for their trouble
ceeded to the huftings, where they were moſt in ſearching for precedents
ſumptuouſly entertained; after which they were
To John Stuart, for Stationarý ware
9 a
To Mr. Fiſher, for entertaining the yeomen of
graciouſly pleaſed to 'honour the ball with their
the compter, and officers of the guards
preſence till eleven o'clock in the evening. And To Samuel Bennet, on account of the wine cellar IÓ IO
his majeſty ordered the ſum of one thouſand To Mr. Weſt, clerk to the committee
105 0
pounds to be paid to the ſheriffs, for the relief and
To James Brown, for work
diſcharge of poor inſolvent debtors.
To Anne Leigh, for entertaining his majefty's } 14 o
As the citizens of London exerted their utmoſt To Richard Smith for entertaining the yeomen ?
abilities to make this royal entertainment as
of the guard
} 23
{plendid as poſſible, it may not be unentertaining
To John Shirley, for entertaining the band of
} ΙΟ Ο
gentlemen penſioners
to our readers to give a particular account of it To Mr. Ayley, for entertaining the ſheriffs
as recorded in the entertainment book in the
}
yeomen
chamber of London.
To Mrs. Berkley, for entertaining the ſerjeants
Fifteen tables were placed for the accommoda-
of the Poultry-compter
tion of the illuſtrious company; at the firſt of
To Mr. Cordwell, for work done in and about} 590
which, on the huſtings, fat their majeſties, the To Mr. Cleve, for the uſe of pewter
132
princeſſes, and the ladies of the bedchamber, To John Robins, for work done in and about
Guildhall
} 74
which, with the other tables, were ſeverally ſerved
To the city mufick
with the number of diſhes as follows:
To George Smith, for diſburſments and work
Diſhes. To Mr. Holley, for entertaining the committee
The royal table
279
and officers of the horſe-guards and horſe gre-
20 7
For the nobility
144
nadiers
For the foreign minifiers
144
To Mr. Burſcough, for entertaining the committee
For the Lord-mayor and aldermen
132
To Edward Meakin, for entertaining the committee 5 9
For the common-council-men
To Mr. Blackwell, as a gratuity for the ar-
For the judges and ſerjeants
tillery company
For gueſts in the old council-chamber
To Mr. Robinſon, for attending the committee
In the mayor's court, for the lady mayoreſs and
To Mr. Turner, for extraordinary attendance
}
}
aldermen's ladies
4. 10
of ſerjeants of the chamber
Two tables in the mayor's court for ladies
76 To Iſaac Fryer, for glazier's work in Guildhall
Two ditto in the orphan's court for ladies
52
To the marſhall's men, for attendance
To Thomas Naſh, &c. for upholſterer's work 500
To the concert of muſick
To Daniel Collyer and Mr. Shaw, yeomen of
} 4 0
The following are the ſeveral forts and quan-
the chamber, for attendance
To Robert Leak, for charges at Blackwell-hall 3
tities of wines provided for this entertainment.
To Daniel Collyer, the hall-keeper, for ſundry
"y} 206
doz. bot. diſburſments
Preniach
To his man, for aſliſtance
5 5
Champaigne
To the clerk to the committee's clerk
Burgundy
To Mr. Cooper, &c. for coffee, tea, &c.
48
Claret
To Mr. Walker, for attending the committee 5 5
Malmſey and Madeira
An auln or awme of Moſell
Sum total of expence for this royal entertainment £4889 4.
Red Port
Ееее
The
25
107 16
4 10
}
4 10
74 0
II 1
20 19
4. 8
128
20
36
2
22
36
48
8 14
I 10
o
In all 1075
100
o
3
20
I
20
I
en oor
oh lata om *
2
I 2
167
IO
13
42
O A OBO
4

294
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
The cities of London and Weſtminſter had been by the independent members of the houſe, who
greatly peſtered for a conſiderable time paſt with repreſented it as a meaſure that would in the end
a great number of ſtreet robbers; and ſo auda fo enrich the crown, as to render che aſſiſtance of
cious were they become in their villanies, thar parliament entirely uſeleſs, which could produce
they formed a ſcheme of robbing the queen in no other conſequence than that of enſlaving the
St. Paul's church-yard, as ſhe returned privately whole nation.
from fupper in the city, to St. James's palace. When Sir Robert Walpole, the projector,
This ſcheme, however, was fruſtrated by their moved for the bill in the houſe of commons,
Sir
being buſily employed in robbing Sir Gilbert John Barnard and Mr. Aldermen Perry, two of
Heathcote, an alderman of London, as he was the city members, oppoſed it with their utmoſt
returning in his chariot from the houſe of com abilities; and the fourteenth of March being ap-
mons; during which time her majeſty luckily pointed for the houſe to reſolve themſelves into a
eſcaped them in her coach.
committee to conſider of the moſt proper methods
This circumſtance greatly alarming both the for the better ſecurity and improvement of the
court and city, letters were immediately ſent to all duties and revenues already charged upon and
the magiſtrates, enjoining them to uſe their utmoſt payable from tobacco and wines, the common-
endeavours to ſuppreſs ſuch flagitious villanies ; council aſſembled on the occaſion, earneſtly re-
and many of them being apprehended and exe queſted, by written inſtructions, the city members
cuted, theſe diabolical proceedings were foon after to uſe their utmoſt endeavours to defeat the ſaid
entirely eradicated.
pernicious deſign; alledging, that any extenſion
On the 31ſt. of December, 1732, the river of the exciſe laws to commodities not yet exciſed,
Thames roſe with ſuch a high tide, that it over muſt be very prejudicial to trade, as it would
flowed Wapping, Tooley-ſtreet, and many other tend to diminiſh the conſumption of commodities,
places, and did incredible damage by filling cel ſubject the fair-trader to exciſe officers and laws,
lars and warehouſes, and ſpoiling great quantities from which there is no appeal; and that an ex-
of different merchandize,
tenſion of ſuch laws would encreaſe the number
The ſame year an epidemical diſtemper, which and power of officers, which would be inconſiſtent
was a cold attended with a fever, raged fo vio with thoſe principles of liberty on which our
lently in the city of London, eſpecially among happy conſtitution is founded; and would farther
the more advanced people, that not one in ſix deprive the ſubjects of England of thoſe valuable
eſcaped its fury: and the bill of mortality in one privileges, which have hitherto diſtinguiſhed them
week, was increaſed four cimes its uſual number. from other nations.
On the twenty-ſixth of February 1732-3, the Notwithſtanding the diſcouragements Sir Ro-
Lord-mayors aldermen, and common-council pre bert Walpole met with, yet he perſevered in
ſented a petition to parliament, praying that a bringing his ſcheme into parliament with all the
bill might be brought in to empower them to fill power he was maſter of, both of elocution, in-
up that part of Fleet-ditch, lying between Hol fluence, and artifice. But Sir John Barnard and
bourn bridge and Fleet-bridge, and to convert Mr. alderman Perry ſupported their arguments ſo
the ground to ſuch purpoſes as they might think vehemently, affifted by other great men, friends
moſt convenient and proper. In conſequence of of their king and country, that Sir Robert, find-
this petition a bill was ſoon after brought in and in the ſcheme likely to prove abortive, had re-
paſſed ; by virtue of which the premiſes were courſe to that miniſterial reſort of depending upon
arched over, and the ſite converted into a mar numbers under direction. And when the queſtion
ket, which was opened on the thirtieth of Sep was put on Sir Robert's motion, the houſe di-
tember in the year 1737:
vided.
This market has two rows of ſhops of a great
length, from north to ſouth, with a handſome
For the exciſe, with teller 266
walk between; into which light is thrown by win-
Againſt the exciſe, with teller
205
dows placed along the top; and in the centre is
a neat lanthorn, with a clock ; the whole of This ſucceſs of the miniſter did not diſcourage
which part is paved with rag-ſtones. On the the opponents to his arbitrary meaſures; for when
ſouth end the fruiterers ftands are made in the the report thereof was made to the houſe on the
form of piazzas, erected on each ſide, and theſe fixteenth of March, Sir John Barnard renewed
have proper conveniences to depoſit their remain the attack in a moſt elaborate and pathetic ſpeech
ing ſtock: and at the north-end is a ſpacious || conſiſtently adapted to the principles and inſtruc-
opening for gardeners, and dealers in vegetables. tions of that great city which he had the honour
The fee-fimple of the ground and ditch, by to repreſent in parliament.
this act, is veſted in the mayor, commonalty, and This ſpeech of Sir John Barnard was followed
citizens of London, for ever, with a proviſo, that by Sir Thomas Aſton, who obſerved, that it was
fufficient drains ſhall be made in and through the his misfortune to know too much of the influence
ſaid channel or ditch, and that no houſes or ſheds that the officers of the cuſtoms and exciſe had at
exceeding fifteen feet in height ſhall be erected elections; for at his own election, there were
thereon.
many of the voters ſo free and open as to tell him,
In the year 1733 the nation was greatly alarmed that they would vote for him rather than
any
with an attempt made by the miniſtry to introduce other, but that thoſe officers had threatened ta
a general exciſe, under pretence of eaſing the ruin them if they did; and others told him, that
people of various taxes, and promoting the in they had promiſes either for themſelves or for
tereſt of the fair-trader. It was ſtrongly oppoſed their fons to be made officers in the cuſtoms or
exciſe,

HISTORY and SUR Ver of LOND Ô N.
295
66 pend."
3
exciſe, by his antagoniſt, and as their bread de This petition occaſioned the exciſe ſcheme to be
pended upon getting thoſe promiſes fulfilled, again brought upon the carpet in that honourable
which they could not expect if they did not vote houſe. The citizens of London have always en-
againſt him, therefore they hoped he would excuſe | joyed one privilege fuperior to any other body
them. “ Thus, Sirs, ſays he, I know the evil of whatever ; which is, that any peticion from them
“ this illegal influence by experience, and there is preſented to the houſe by their ſheriffs, and is
“ fore I ſhall always be againſt any meaſure that brought up by the clerk of the houſe, and read
may tend to increaſe it, as this ſcheme moſt at the table, without aſking leave of the houſe for
" evidently will; for I hope I ſhall always diſdain that purpoſe; whereas all other petitions muſt be
to owe the honour of repreſenting my country preſented by a member of the houſe, and cannot
“ in parliament, to any adminiſtration whatever ; be by him brought up, or read at the table by
66 I hope I ſhall always depend upon the free votes the clerk, till leave be firſt aſked of and granted
6 of my fellow.ſubjects, and, for that reaſon I by the houſe. Accordingly this petition was
6 muſt be againſt what I think will deſtroy that brought up and read at the table ; after which
os freedom, upon which only I am always to de Sir John Barnard got up, and ſhewed how much
the city and citizens of London, as well as all the
Notwithſtanding the ſolidity of theſe argu other trading part of the nation, were to be af.
ments, yet ſo powerful was miniſterial influence, fected by the bill for altering the method of raiſing
that, on a diviſion, two hundred and forty-nine the duties payable upon tobacco; and what juſt
againſt one hundred and eighty-nine agreed that reaſons they had to infiſt upon being heard by
a bill ſhould be brought in purſuant to the reſo their counſel againſt it; and concluded with a mo-
lution on the ſaid motion. The bill was brought tion for granting them leave to be heard by their
into the houſe on the fourth of April, when every counſel if they thought proper.
means were uſed to expedite it, and every art It was inſiſted on, in oppoſition to this motion,
practiſed to prevent the contents of it being that it had always been the practice of that houſe
known among the people: and when a motion never to receive any petitions, and much leſs to
was made for printing a ſufficient number of co admit counſel to be heard againſt any bill for im-
pies for the uſe of the members, as is uſual, it poſing taxes upon the ſubject; for if any ſuch
was carried in the negative by a majority of fixteen thing
were to be admitted of, it would be impoſ-
voices.
ſible ever to paſs any ſuch bill, becauſe that there
The citizens were ſo alarmed at theſe illegal would be ſo many different peticions preſented
proceedings of the houſe, that Sir John Barber, || againſt it by thoſe who were to be ſubject thereto,
the Lord-mayor, ſummoned a common-council to that it would be impoſſible to hear counſel ſepa-
deliberate on the moſt effectual meaſures to pre rately upon every ſuch petition within the ufual
vent paſſing the ſaid bill ; on which occaſion his time of the continuance of one ſeſſion of parlia-
lordſhip opened the court with the following ment; and that, in refuſing to admit counſel to
Speech:
be heard, there could be no inconvenience, be-
cauſe every man, and every body of men had
66 Gentlemen,
their repreſentatives in that houſe, who certainly
would repreſent their caſe to the houſe, if any para
" There is a bill depending in the houſe ticular hardſhip was to be put upon them by any
“ of commons (a copy of which I have procured) bill then before the houſe.
“ for laying an inland duty on tobacco; which du The reply made to this was, that the houſe had
ty it is univerſally agreed, will prove extremely never pretended to any general cuſtom of refuſing
" detrimental to the trade and commerce of this petitions, except againſt thoſe bills which were
great city, as well as to that of the whole na called money-bills, that was to ſay, ſuch bills as
tion. And as the high ſtation I have the ho were brought in for raiſing money for the current
nour to be in, obliges me to be watchful over ſervice of the year; and that, even as to them,
every thing that may affect the intereſt of my there were many precedents where the houſe had
o fellow-citizens, I ſhould think myſelf wanting admitted the parties, whom they thought to have
« in my duty, if I neglected to call you together a real intereſt therein, to be heard by their coun-
on this extraordinary occaſion, that you might || fel againſt the paſſing of ſuch bills; that the ad-
“have an opportunity to deliberate on an affair of | mitting of counſel even in ſuch caſes could never
" ſo much importance, wherein our liberty and prevent the paſſing of ſuch bills, becauſe the
property are ſo much concerned.”
houſe could always order all parties petitioning to
be heard at one time, and could give ſuch direc-
His lordſhip then laid the bill before the com tions, that it could never take up many days to
mon-council, who reſolving to petition the houſe hear every thing that could be objected by every
againſt it, the fame was immediately drawn up, one of the parties petitioning ; that though every
and ordered to be preſented to the houſe on the part of the nation had their repreſentatives in that
fixteenth of April. In which petition the citi houſe, yet it was well known, that ſpeaking in
zens of London, after delivering their ſentiments public was a talent that every inan was not en-
on the bill depending in that houſe, and expreſ dowed with, from whence it might happen, that
ſing the bad apprehenſions they conceived of its the particular perſons, or part of the nation, which
effects, conclude thus: “ Therefore your peri was then to be aggrieved by what was paſſing in
“ tioners moſt humbly pray that this honourable the houſe, might not have any ſuch members as
“ houſe will be pleaſed to hear them by their were proper to lay their caſe fully and clearly be-
« counſel againſt the ſaid bill.”
fore the houſe; and that therefore, even as to
money
66

296
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
the day.
money-bills, it was proper to admit parties to be On the twelfth of April complaint was made
heard againſt them, when it appeared that they to the houſe by ſeveral members, who had voted
were very particularly intereſted therein. But as to in favour of the ſcheme, that a tumultuous crowd
the caſe then before them, there was not the leaſt of people had been aſſembled together the pre-
pretence for refuſing the deſire of the petition, || ceeding night, and ſeveral days during the feſtion,
becauſe the bill againſt which it was preſented was in the court of requeſts, and other avenues to
no money-bill ; it was granted by the advocates that houſe; and that they themſelves, and ſeveral
for the bill : it was even inſiſted on, as the greateſt other members of the houſe, had been in their
argument for it, that there were no new duties to return from the houſe, menaced, inſulted, and
be impoſed ; it was a bill only for altering the aſſaulted by a tumultuous crowd of people in the
method of collecting the taxes already impoſed, paſſages to the houſe; whereupon it was reſolved
and therefore it could never be pretended that and declared, firſt, that the aſſaulting, inſulting,
there was any practice or cufton of the houſe for or menacing any member of that houſe, in his
refuſing to admit parties intereſted to be heard coming to, or going from the houſe, or upon
againſt ſuch a bill; that, if there had been ſuch account of his behaviour in parliament, was an
a cuſtom introduced, it ought not to be obſerved, high infringement of the privilege of that houſe,
eſpecially when ſuch a conſiderable body as the a moſt outrageous and dangerous violation of the
Lord-mayor, aldermen and common-council of rights of parliament, and an high crime and miſ-
the city of London, conie with an humble pe demeanor. Secondly, that the affembling and
tition to be heard againſt a bill, which they coming of any number of perſons in a riotous,
thought would not only be injurious to them in tumultuous, and diſordely manner to that houſe,
particular, but deſtructive to the trade and com in order either to hinder or promote the paſſing
merce of the nation in general.
of any bill, or other matter depending before
In the courſe of this debate many precedents the houſe, was an high infringement of the privi-
were brought by Mr. Sandys, Mr. Gybbon, and lege of: that houſe, deſtructive of the freedom
Mr. Bootle, where the houſe had received peti and conſtitution of parliament, and an high crime
tions, and admitted counſel to be heard againſt and miſdemeanor. Thirdly that the inciting and
money-bills ; and there were likewiſe precedents encouraging any number of perſons to come in a
brought by Sir William Yonge and Mr. Wol riotous, tumultuous, and diſorderly manner to
lafton, where the ſame had been refuſed, the that houſe, in order either to hinder, or promote
reading of which took up a conſiderable part of the paſſing of any bill, or other matter depend-
ing before the houſe, was an high infringement
of the privilege of that houſe, deſtructive of the
The principal ſpeakers for granting the deſire
freedom and conftitution of parliament, and an
of the petition were,
high crime and miſdemeanor.
It was then ordered, firſt, that the members of
Sir John Barnard Sir William Wyndham,
that houſe, who ſerved for the city of London,
Samuel Sandy's, El; Walter Plummer, Eſq;
ſhould ſignify the ſaid reſolutions and declarations
Philip Gybbon, Eſq; George Heathcoate, Eſq;
to the Lord-mayor of London, ſecond, that
Thomas Bootle, Eſq; Thomas Wyndham, Eſq;
thoſe who ſerved for the county of Middleſex
William Pulteney, Eſq;
ſhould fignify the ſame to the ſheriff of Middle-
ſex; and thirdly thoſe who ſerved for the city of
The principal ſpeakers againſt granting the de-
Weſtminſter ſhould ſignify the ſame to the high
fire of the petition were,
bailiff thereof.
On the eleventh of March 1734 the princeſs
Mr. Chancellor of the exchequer, Mr. Solicitor-general,
Horatio Walpole, Efq;
Mr. Attorney-general,
royal was given in marriage to the prince of
Thomas Winnington, Eſq;
Sir William Yonge,
Orange ; on which occaſion the citizens of Lon.
Hon. Henry Pelham. don, to teſtify their approbation of his majeſty's
wiſe choice in beſtowing his eldeſt daughter on a
On the queſtion being put, for allowing the prince of the houſe of their great deliverer king
petitioners to be heard by their counſel againſt William III. preſented the following loyal and
the bill, there was a diviſion, and the queſtion || grateful addreſs :
was carried in the negative two hundred and four-
teen againſt one hundred and ninety-ſeven.
May it pleaſe your majeſty,
Notwithſtanding this, the powerful oppoſition
of the city which was ſupported by many dif “ We the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com-
ferent counties, ſoon convinced Sir Robert of the mons of the city of London, in common-
impoſſibility of carrying his point without en « council aſſembled, moſt humbly beg leave to
dangering the peace of the nation, and his own “ congratulate your majeſty on the happy con-
ſafety. In conſequence of which the bill, inſtead « cluſion of the marriage of the princeſs royal
of being read a ſecond time on the eleventh of ( with his moſt ferene highneſs the prince of
the following month, was, upon a motion made
“ Orange.
by the chancellor of the exchequer, deferred till “ Our minds preſage the greateſt glory, the
the twelfth of June, a day exceeding the time of brighteſt triumphs, and the moſt diſtinguiſh-
cloſing the ſeſſions ; ſo that the paſſing of this “ ed proſperity, to theſe nations, both in the
bill become impracticable, and Sir Robert Wal os preſent and future age, from another alliance
pole's ſcheme, by the firm and ſteady interpofition " with that truly illuſtrious houſe, the houſe
of the citizens, proved entirely abortive.
“ of Nallau ; from whence ſo many heroes have
ſprung,

HISTORY and SUR V E N of LONDON.
297
3208
By the
* ſprung, the ſcourgers of tyrants and the affer tiny was demanded; and when the declaration
to tors of liberty."
was made on the fourth of May, the numbers
Among theſe we muſt for ever remember
appear as follows:
56 that glorious prince, king William III. who
For Mr. Boſworth 3212
- delivered theſe kingdoms from the imminent
Mr. Selwin
dangers of popery and arbitrary power; and,
s during the courſe of his important reign, eſta In confequence of which the former was de-
s6 bliſhed the conſtitution, and ſecured our liber clared duly elect, and chamberlain of the city of
s6 ties in ſuch a manner, that he ſeems to have London.
« left nothing more to be done than what, we The miniſtry, however, ſo highly reſented this
66 hope, was reſerved to complete the glories of ſtrenuous oppoſition of the citizens to a candi-
s your majeſty's reign; a reign in which we juftly date of their choice, that they conferred the of-
“ promiſe ourſelves that nothing will be omitted, fice of receiver-general of the land-tax, which
ss which may appear neceffary for the confirming had generally been annexed co the chamberlain-
our ancient conftitution, for eaſing the people ſhip, on their diſappointed friend Mr. Selwing
s from thoſe heavy burchens which the defence who had obtained the ill-will of the independent
56 of their liberties induced them to impoſe on voters of the city of London, by having unad-
ss themſelves, for encouraging the trade, and viſedly follicited the government, or miniſterial
“ advancing the maritime power of this kinga || intereft, to oblige all their dependents to vote for
“ dom, for making us happy at home, and re him.
“ ſpected abroad. And, as we have a grateful On the firſt of January 1734-5, a beautiful
" ſenſe of the many bleſſings we enjoy under marble ftatue of king William III. was placed in
your majeſty's auſpicious reign, we beg leave the great .
hall of the bank. On the pedeſtal is a
to aſſure your majeſty of our hearty endeavours, latin inſcription, the tranſlation of which runs
“ in our ſphere, to promote an affectionate zeal thus :
“ for your majeſty's perſon and government, that
your reign may be eaſy and happy."
For reſtoring efficacy to the laws,
Authority to the courts of juſtice,
To which his majeſty was pleaſed to return the
Dignity to the parliament,
following moſt gracious anſwer :
To all his ſubjects their religion and liberties,
And confirming theſe to pofterity
“ My Lord-mayor and Gentlemen,
“ I return you my thanks for this dutiful and Succeffion of the illuſtrious houſe of Hanover
loyal addreſs; and am very glad that the mar-
to the Britiſh throne :
riage of my daughter with the prince of To the beſt of princes, William III.
“ Orange gives ſuch general fatisfaction.
Founder of the bank,
“ It is a great pleaſure to me to ſee this metro This corporation, from a fenfe of gratitude,
“ polis remember, with ſo much gratitude, the
Has erected this ſtatue,
« deliverance of theſe kingdoms from popery and
And dedicated it to his memory,
“ Navery by my great predeceffor king William.
of our Lord M.DCC.XXXIV.
6 A juſt ſenſe of the imminent dangers that And the firſt year of this building.
" this nation then eſcaped, and of the ineſtimable
46 bleſſings that we now enjoy, will beſt fecure On the eighth of January this year, about ele-
" to my people the continuance and preſervation ven o'clock in the morning, a moſt violent ſtorm
“ of our preſent happineſs, which it has been, of wind aroſe, little inferior to that in November
" and always thall be, my care to ſupport and 1703. It blew down a great number of houſes
s maintain to the utmoſt of my power.”
and barns, ſtripped the churches, and tore up
About this time, a great conteſt aroſe between trees by the roots without number: but the great-
the citizens and the miniſtry, reſpecting the elec eft damage was done to the ſhipping, nothing but
tion of a chamberlain. The candidates were, Mr. wrecks being ſeen on every coaſt. Such heavy
John Boſworth, a tobacconiſt, of Newgate-ſtreet; || rains fell before and during the ſtorm, that the
Mr. William Selwin, a filkman, in Pater-nofter- || rivers roſe ſo high as to overflow the banks, by
row; and Mr. John Thomas, a fiſhmonger, near which a great number of cattle were drowned ;
the Monument; the latter of whom making no and the inhabitants had no other reſource to fave
thew of hands in the common-hall, declined. themſelves from the like fate, but by taking re-
And Mr. Boſworth being declared to have the fuge on the tops of their houſes. The damage
majority of hands, a poll was demanded by the done to the park of Carſhalton, in Surry, only,
friends of Mr. Selwin. This was conducted with amounted to two thouſand pounds.
the greateſt dexterity and influence; and notwith On the twenty-fifth of November following,
ſtanding both candidates were equally well re the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common-coun-
ſpected by their fellow-citizens, and ſuppoſed to cil, for the better regulation of the bakers, enact-
be equally well qualified for the diſcharge of that ed, that, excluſive of the fine, the names and
important truſt, yet the conteſt, for ſeven days, || places of abode of all bakers, detected and con-
was the warmeſt ever known; the citizens being || victed of making bread under weight, ſhall be
determined to preſerve their own principles of || publiſhed, and that the aſſize of bread (inſtead
freedom in elections againſt any miniſterial oppo of quartern loaves, wherein the poor were oftena
ſition whatever. On the cloſe of the poll, how times defrauded of half a farthing) be penny,
ever, the numbers appeared ſo equal that a ſcru two-penny, and three-penny loaves, and to be
25
ffff
marked
CC
In the year

298
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON .
4
marked accordingly: the weight of which to be pairing the ſame, the following rates and after-
as follows:
ments are to be laid yearly on the inhabitants of
the ſeveral wards : every houſe under rol. peč
The penny loaf (fine) 8 ounces 7 drams. annum, charged to the poor, to pay 7s. From
Wheaten 12 ounces 10 drams. Iol. to 20l. per annum, 125.
From 2012 to 3ol.
Houſhold 16 ounces drams. per annum, 145. From 301. to 40l. per annum,
And all other in proportion.
i6s. From 50l, and upwards, 2os. per annum
at moft. It was likewiſe further enacted, that
In the year 1735, the inhabitants of the pre all pariſh churches, cemeteries, chapels, meet-
cinct of Black Friars claiming a privilege of ex ing-houſes, ſchools, markets, warehouſes, and
emption from the juriſdiction of the city of Lon other public edifices, (except hoſpitals) together
don, in right of the ancient monaſtery being diſ with pieces of void ground and ſpacious places,
ſolved there by king Henry VIII. occaſioned the ſhould be ſeverally taxed and aſſeſſed in due pro-
Lord-mayor and aldermen to aſcertain their right portion by the alderman, deputy, and common-
thereto, which they did by a trial in the court of council men of the reſpective wards : the dean
King's-bench, on the tenth of July; wherein and chapter of St. Paul's to pay for the fence
John Boſworth, Eſq; chamberlain of London, was round the cathedral, if not lighted at their own
plaintiff, and Daniel Watſon, ſhalloon and drug- expence; all public ſtructures by the church
get-ſeller, defendant. The action was brought and chapel wardens, and chief officers, maſters,
againſt the latter for opening ſhop in Black-friars, wardens or governors belonging thereto ; and
and retailing his goods there without being a free- Moorfields, and other void and ſpacious places
man of the city. The counſel for the plaintiff || by the chamberlain of London. All perſons who
alledged, that Black-friars actually belonged to think themſelves aggrieved by the aſſeſſment have
the city of London when it was a monaſtery, and a right to appeal to the court of Lord-mayor and
before trades were ever occupied there ; to prove aldermen for redreſs, whoſe deciſion ſhall be con-
which they produced ſeveral ancient records, viz. cluſive. The rates to be collected half-yearly,
a charter of king Edward I. and a record, 2 Rich- without any expence, and to be paid in ſuch man-
ard II. calling it the Friary of London ; and ner into the chamber of London, that no collec-
another 21 Hen. VIII. mentioning a parliament tor ſhall at any time have in his poffeffion, for
held at the Friars preachers of the city of Lon the ſpace of ten days, the ſum of fifty pounds,
don, Nov. 3, 1530, and other records of this and all embezzlements to be made good by a re-
kind: they likewiſe cited a parallel caſe to this, aſſeſſment of the ward in which it ſhall happen.
15
Car. I. when an action was brought againſt By this act, and many others ſince paſſed for
one Philpot, a ſhoemaker of Black-friars, for the better lighting ſtreets, pariſhes and roads, it
opening a ſhop, and vending ſhoes there, without is computed that the whole number of public and
being free of the city: and after a fair trial by private lamps now, within the bills of mortality,
an equal and indifferent jury of the county of cannot amount to leſs than fifteen thouſand.
Hertford, a verdict was given for the plaintiff, The uſe of ſpirituous liquors was at this time
with five ſhillings damage. In conſequence of become ſo general among the inferior fort of peo-
this deciſion, Black-friars became a precinct of ple, and ſo deſtructive to the morals of the po-
the ward of Farringdon within, and ſends two pulace, that the parliament, in order to prevent
members to repreſent it in the common-council its evil conſequences, enacted, That after the
of this city.
twenty-ninth of September, 1736, no perſon
The following year, Frederick, prince of Wales, whatſoever ſhould ſell any ſort of ſpirituous li-
father to his preſent majeſty king George III. was quors in a leſs quantity than two gallons, without
married to the princeſs Saxa-Gotha; on which taking a licence for ſuch purpoſe ; for which
occaſion the Lord-mayor and aldermen preſented every retailer was not only annually to pay the
the moſt duriful and loyal addreſſes to the king, ſum of fifty pounds, but likewiſe twenty fhillings
queen, and their royal highneſſes, in which they duty for every gallon fold after that manner.
exprefied the greateſt zeal and concern for the And every perſon who ſhall ſell ſuch liquors with-
proſperity and ſupport of his majeſty's family and out qualifying himſelf as aforeſaid, is to forfeit
government, and their joyful ſentiments on the for every ſuch offence, the ſum of one hundred
folemnization of the ſaid nuptials.
pounds. And, to prevent all perſons from hawk-
The city of London being at this time greatly || ing and vending of ſpirituous liquors, both by
peſtered with ſtreet-robbers and houſe-breakers, land and water, every offender to forfeit the ſum
owing to the inſufficiency of lights in the night, of ren pounds. And in caſe the party offending
the Lord-mayor and common-council, to prevent is incapable of paying the penalty, he, ſhe, or
the like enormous crimes for the future, and to they are to be committed to hard labour in the
enable them to light the ſtreets in a more effectual houſe of correction, for the ſpace of two months.
manner, applied to parliament; who enacted, On the ſeventeenth of December, the court of
That the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common Lord-mayor and aldermen preſented the freedom
alty of London, be empowered to erect a ſuffi of the city of London to his royal highneſs the
cient number of ſuch ſort of glaſs lamps as they || prince of Wales, who was graciouſly pleaſed to
ſhall judge proper, to be put in ſuch places of accept the ſame from the hands of the chamber-
the city and liberty as they ſhall think fit, to be lain.
lighted and kept burning, from the ſetting to the On the ſecond of March, a petition of the maf-
riſing of the fun throughout the year : and in or ter and wardens of the company of Bakers, in
der to defray the expences of maintaining and re the city of London, on behalf of themſelves,
and

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
299
tenants.
and the reſt of the bakers within the bills of mor os ing the laws then in being for regulating the
tality, was preſented to the houſe, and read, ſet price and aſſize of bread, or to give ſuch other
ting forth, “ That the meal-weighers, who were " relief to the petitioners, in the premiſes, as to
officers appointed to bring in the prices of
66 che houſe ſhould ſeem meet."
“ wheat to the magiſtrates; in order to affix the This petition was referred to the confideration
" afiize of bread within the city of London, made of a committee, who, making a favourable report,
" their cockets or returns of the prices of three a bill was ordered to be brought in for giving a
• different kinds of wheat, as ſold at the market proper relief to the petitioners, which was accord-
« of Bear-key only; from which three prices of | ingly ſoon after done, and paſſed both houſes.
is wheat the aſſize of the three forts of bread, About this time the citizens of London, not
€c diſtinguiſhed by the names of white, wheaten, || having ſufficient authority for the eſtabliſhing, or-
" and houſhold, was always aſcertained : and that | dering or well-governing of the city watch, ap-
15 the beſt kind of wheat at Bear-key was gene plied to parliament to enable them to regulate
rally fold in parcels with wheat of inferior qua the fame. For which purpoſe they enacted, that
< lity at one common price ; ſo that the meal the common-council of London ſhall, from year
"weighers were not able to diſtinguiſh the true to year, be impowered to appoint ſuch a number
cs and real price of the beſt wheat : and that the of beadles and watchmen for the ſeveral wards of
« firſt ſort of bread in the aſſize table, diſtinguiſhed the city, and liberties thereof, as they ſhall judge
" by the name of white bread, being that kind neceſſary; to order the arming of them, to ap-
cs of bread commonly called French rolls, was point the time they are to watch, to aſcertain their
66 of late years greatly improved; and in making wages, and to appoint the number of conſtables
cs ſuch white bread the petitioners uſed only the
that ſhall attend in each of the ſaid wards: the
fineſt part of the flour, produced from the inhabitants to be aſſeſſed by the aldermen and
< choiceſt kind of wheat, collected not from common-council in each ward; and that the ſaid
« Bear-key only, but from all the adjacent mar rate be paid quarterly. That any perſon neglecte
66 kets; and even ſuch ſelected wheat afforded ing or refuſing to pay the ſame when demanded,
« but a very ſmall quantity of that ſort of flour, ſhall be diſqualified from voting at elections
« which was alſo uſed in making the fineſt kind within the city of London: and that houſes let
s of paſte: and that although the fineſt ſort of into tenements, and occupied by three or more
66 wheat, mentioned in the cockets of the meal tenants, ſhall be affefſed on the owners of ſuch
56 weighers, was not of a quality fine enough to houſes, bur paid by fome one or more of the
cc make the firſt fort of bread, called white bread,
That the mayor, commonalty and citi-
" yet the aflize of ſuch white bread was fixed zens, may impoſe any reafonable tax upon tenants
« from the price of the firſt ſort of wheat in and occupiers, and upon owners of houſes, &c.
66 ſerted in thoſe cockets; and that the ſecond where there is no preſent occupier; to be levied
cs ſort of bread in the aſſize-table, diſtinguiſhed by diſtreſs ; and to order ſuch places before
" by the name of wheaten bread, which was the houſes, ſhops, &c. untenanted to be well and
6. beſt kind of large bread wherewith the fami ſufficiently paved and amended as often as need
“ lies within the city of London and bills of ſhall be, to be paid for by the owner, under pain
« mortality were daily ſerved, was made entirely of diſtreſs.
« of the firſt fort of wheat mentioned in the In the year 1738, on the ſeventh of January,
« cockets of the meal-weighers; and the ſecond a young lad, thirteen years of age, ſervant to
66 ſort of wheat contained in thoſe cockets was Mr. Snowden, a brewer, at Fleet-ditch, going
« not of a ſufficient goodneſs to make ſuch up a ladder, fell backwards under a mill where
*6 wheaten bread; nevertheleſs the aſſize of that the malt was grinding, when one of the flyers
66 wheaten bread was aſcertained according to the ripped his body entirely open, and killed him on
s price of that ſecond ſort of wheat, as returned
« by the meal-weighers: and that the petitioners On the fourteenth of the fame month the king's
« apprehended, that the aſſize of wheaten bread printing-houfe in Black-friars was burnt down by
s ought to be ſettled according to the aſſize of an accidental fire which began in the kitchen of
« the firſt fort of wheat mentioned in the cock- || Mr. Baſket, the patentee. The flames commu-
« ets of the meal-weighers, being the very grain nicated themſelves with ſuch rapidity, that the
“ of which the wheaten bread was made ; and family in the dwelling houſe eſcaped with the uta
" that the aſlize of the white bread ought to be moſt difficulty. The deſtruction made by this fire,
« advanced in proportion : and that, although in printing materials and ſtock in trade was
" the expences, attending the trade and buſineſs computed at leaſt to twenty-thouſand pounds.
46 of the petitioners were very greatly increaſed And
ſince the making of the table of aflize, yet they On the twenty-fifth a fire broke out in Duke's-
" had had no allowance in reſpect to ſuch increaſe || place, which conſumed upwards of twenty houſes
" of expences: and that by theſe means much beſides the meeting-houſe at the corner of Burys
« the greateſt number of the petitioners were re ſtreet.
• duced to very low circumſtances; and the moſt The merchants of London finding themſelves
“ conſiderable among them, notwithſtanding all ſtill greatly oppreſſed by the Spaniſh depreda-
as their pains, application, and frugality, found tions on our American trade and navigation,
“ their ſubſtance daily diminiſhing: and therefore || preſented a petition to the houſe of commons on
“ praying the houſe to give leave, that a bill the third of March; in which they ſet forth the
might be brought in for explaining and amend ſeveral applications that had been made to para
liament
the ſpot.

300
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
liament againſt the Spanish depredations ; and " this houſe, in order to receive the petitions, and
complaining, that, notwithſtanding his majeſty's “ hear the complaints of injured ſubjects; but
moſt gracious endeavours, they had not only con we are not to receive and hear only, we are
tinued the ſame ever ſince the treaty of Seville, 6 likewiſe in duty bound to provide a remedy for
but had laſt year carried them to a greater height “ the grievances they juſtly complain of, and to
than ever; and therefore praying relief, and to so take the moſt effectual meaſures for that purpoſe.
be heard by themſelves and counſel.
“ We have twice already come to general reſo-
This petition was preſented by Mr. Alderman - lutions upon this ſubject : we have cwice already
Perry, - who opened it with an elaborate ſpeech “ found that ſuch general reſolutions have pro-
that did him the higheit honour. After which he • duced no effect; therefore it would be unpar-
moved for leave to bring it up ; which being « donable in us to proceed no further upon the
granted, and the petition read, he then moved that preſent occaſion. Perhaps ſome gentlemen may
it might be referred to the conſideration of a com chink, we ought now to go much farther than
mittee of the whole houſe ; which being likewiſe 66 I have taken the liberty to propoſe; but I can-
agreed to, he moved for an inſtruction to the ſaid not think any gentleman will oppoſe our going
committee, that they do admit the ſaid petitioners 55 thus far; for the leaſt we can do, is to aſſert
to be heard, if they think fit, by themſelves and " thoſe national rights, which ſeem of late to
counſel, before the ſaid committe.
“ have been neglected; becauſe, after ſuch a ſo-
Mr. Speaker oppoſed this laſt motion by ob “ lemn and public declaration of our rights, I
ſerving, that it never was the niethod of that houſe hope no miniſter will hereafter dare to give up
to admit parties to be heard by themſelves and any
of them by treaty, or to allow them to be
counſel, but only by themſelves or counſel. any longer incroached on and violated, under
In reply to this, Sir John Barnard ſaid, that as this " the pretence of a negociacion.”
petition was founded on facts, he ſhould be ſorry
to ſee the deſign of it defeated by a ſcrupulous Sir Robert Walpole, deſirous at all events of
adherence to any points of form whatever; and preventing a rupture wich Spain, roſe up, and
that he humbly thought it would be a hardſhip | ſpoke many things by way
ſpoke many things by way of alleviation ; in
on the petitioners to deny them a requeſt of fo which after ſecting forth the hazards of ſuch a
little importance as the preſent, meerly becauſe war to the merchants trading to Spain, Italy and
it interfered with a matter of form.
Turkey, he concluded as follows:
The ſpeaker, however, inſiſting, before he put
the queſtion, to take the ſenſe of the houſe with “ Having thus, Sir, laid my thoughts before
regard to the terms in which he was to put it up you, upon the matter now under our conſi-
on the preſent motion, Mr. alderman Wilmot deration, and having given you my reaſons for
roſe, and ſpoke as follows:
not approving of all the propoſitions, the ho-
“ nourable gentleman has told us he is about to
“ make, I ſhall now beg leave to offer an amend-
ment to his motion, which is, that the firſt part
“ I think the petitioners ought to have liberty 66 of his motion ſhould ſtand as it is in theſe
to be heard, not only by themſelves and coun 56 words: that it is the natural and undoubted
“ fel, but if it were poſſible that we could indulge right of Britiſh ſubjects to fail with their ſhips
“ them in other advantages we ought to do it. on any part of the ſeas of America, to and
“ To talk of working upon paſſions.---Can any 6 from any part of his majeſty's dominions. So
“ man's paſſions be wound up to a greater height;
« far I entirely agree with him; but, in my
can any man's indignation be more raiſed, opinion, all that he has propoſed to follow after
" than every free-born Engliſhman's muſt be " theſe words, ought to be left out; and inſtead
6s when he reads a letter which I received this " thereof, I propoſe, that theſe words or reſo-
“ morning, and which I have now in my hand ? “ lutions ought to be inſerted, That the freedom
" this letter, Sir, gives an account that ſeventy of “ of navigation and commerce, which the ſub-
our brave failors are now in chains in Spain. jects of Great-Britain have an undoubted right
“ Our countrymen in chains ! and ſlaves to Spa to by the law of nations, and which is not the
“ niards ! Is not this enough, Sir, to fire the “ leaſt reſtrained by virtue of any of the treaties
“ coldeſt ? Is not this enough, Sir, to rouſe all ſubfiſting between the crowns of Great-Britain
" the vengeance of a national reſentment? and “ and Spain, has been greatly interrupted by the
“ ſhall we, Sir, ſit here debating about words Spaniards, under pretences altogether ground-
« and forms, while the ſufferings of our country « leſs and unjuſt. That before and ſince the exe-
men call out loudly for redreſs?”
« cution of the treaty of Seville, and the de-
56 claration made by the crown of Spain purſuant
Though this had not its wiſhed-for effect, yet “ thereunto, for the ſatisfaction and ſecurity of
on Tueſday the ſixteenth of March, the mer Cs the commérce of Great-Britain, many unjuſt
chants, agreable to appointment, attended to “ ſeizures and captures have been made, and
make good their allegations; which they accom great depredations committed by the Spaniards,
pliſhed after the examination of witneſſes for ſe " which have been attended with many inſtances
veral days. This being done, Sir William Pultney " of unheard-of cruelty and barbarity. That
got up, and ſpoke vehemently in defence of the “ the frequent applications made to the court of
merchants, againſt the cruelties of the Spaniards. Spain, for procuring juſtice and ſatisfaction to
And after ſtrongly enforcing every part of the « his majeſty's injured ſubjects, for bringing the
petition, he concluded thus: “ We affemble in offenders to condign puniſhment and for pre-
“ venting
6. Sir,
66

Engraved for~ Chamberlains History of Londen.
333333
litt
LITTLE
.
-2.1
.
VIEW of WESTMINSTER BRIDGE
mo
C
VIEW of BLACK-FRYER'S BRIDGE
View of
of L
LONDON BRIDGE

HIS TORY and SUR Ý Er of LONDON:
301
66
venting the like abuſes, for the future, have “ ſubjects of Great-Britain trading to America
proved vain and ineffectual; and the feveral 66 and in direct violation of the treaties ſubſiſting
« orders or cedulas, granted by the king of
66 between the two crowns.”
66 Spain, for reftitution and reparation of great
6c loffes ſuſtained, by the unlawful and unwarrant This amendment was, however, after a long
cs able ſeizures and captures made by the Spa debate, carried in the affirmative ; and the two
s niards, have been diſobeyed by the Spaniſh houſes of parliament addreſſed his majeſty on the
governors, or totally evaded and eluded. And vigorous reſolutions taken by them againſt the
" that theſe violences and depredations have been depredations of the Spaniards.
" carried on to the great loſs and damage of the
66
CH A P T E R XLI.
Birth of his preſent majeſty king George III. Scheme for preſſing men for the ſea ſervice.
Foundation of Weſtminſter-bridge. Deſcription of the fame. City's petition againſt the
convention between England and Spain. Debates thereon. Violent ſtorm of thunder and
lightening: War declared againſt Spain. Foundation of the Manſion-houſe ; with an account
of the building. Remarkable froſt. Charter granted for eſtabliſhing the Foundling-Hoſpital,
Deſcription of the ſame. Conteſt for the election of Lord-mayor. King George II's charter;
creating all the aldermen juſtices. City's petition to parliament on their lofjes by Spaniſh
privateers.
O
N the twenty-fourth of May 1738 her woman, except the head, which nearly reſembled
royal highneſs the princeſs of Wales was an ape. She walked upright, ſat down to her
delivered of a prince at Norfolk-houſe, in food, which was chiefly vegetables, and fed her-
St. James's-ſquare, who, on the twenty.firſt of ſelf as a human creature. She expreſſed great
June following, was chriſtened by the name of reſpect for a boy who was on board the ſhip with
George William Frederick; and is at this time her, and ſeemed very unhappy at his abſence.
our moft gracious ſovereign king George III. It was ſuppoſed to be the female of the creature
The ceremony of baptiſm was performed by the which the Angolans call Chimpanze, or the
biſhop of Oxford ; and the godfathers were the Mockman.
king of Sweden and the duke of Saxa-gotha ; On the thirteenth of September this year, the
the godmother was the queen of Pruſſia ; all pile was driven for the foundation of Weſtmin-
which were repreſented by proxy. On this occa ſter-bridge ; and on the twenty-ninth of January
fion the Lord-mayor, aldermen and common 1738-9, the firſt ſtone was laid by the earl of
council, in a cavalcade of eighty-four coaches, Pembroke. This bridge, after having been ele-
excluſive of the Lord-mayor's, waited on the ven years and nine months building, was opened
prince and princeſs of Wales at Norfolk-houſe about twelve o'clock at night on the feventeenth
with the moſt ſalutary congratulations on this of November, 1750. And as it is univerſally
royal birth,
allowed, by the judges of architecture, to be one
On the ſecond of Auguſt this year, the populace || of the grandeſt in the world, we ſhall be more
were greatly alarmed at the ſight of two large || particular in giving an account of it.
birds which were perched on the top of St. Paul's-
cathedral. They ſat very quietly, the one on the Deſcription of WESTMINSTER-BRIDGE.
croſs, the other on the pine apple, till a man
went up to the gallery, and fired a gun at them, HIS bridge is built in a neat and elegant
which occafioned them to fly away. In conſe* taſte, and with ſuch ſimplicity and grandeur,
quence of the great number of people aſſembled that whether viewed from the water, or by the pal-
to view theſe birds, the following fcheme was ſenger who walks over it, it fills the mind with an
formed, in order to ſupply the neceſſities of the agreeable ſurprize. The femi-octangular towers,
ftate, which required a fleet of ſhips to be im which from the receſſes of the foot-way, the man-
mediately manned. The preſs-gangs placed a ner of placing the lamps, and the height of the
live turkey on the top of the Monument, which baluſtrade, are at once, the moſt beautiful, and,
in a ſhort cime occaſioning a great number of idle in every other reſpect, the beſt contrived.
people tº afſemble, they had the opportunity of It is forty-four feet wide ; a commodious foot
ſelecting fuch a number of men as anſwered the way is allowed for paſſengers, about ſeven feet
purpoſes of their intended project.
broad on each ſide, raiſed above the road, allowed
About this time the town was greatly enter for carriages, and paved with broad Moor ſtones,
tained by a moſt uncommon creature brought while the ſpace left between them is ſufficient to
from Carolina. It was a female, whoſe height was admit three carriages, and two horſes, to go
about four feet, and in every part formed like a a-breaſt, without the leaſt danger.
26
TH

302
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
a
Its extent from wharf to wharf is 1223 feet, the bridge much ſtronger than if the arches ſprang
which is above 300 feet wider than the ſame ri from taller piers, beſides the ſaving a great quan-
ver at London-bridge.
tity of materials and workmanſhip.
The free water-way under the arches of this The middle arch is ſeventy-ſix feet wide, and
bridge is 870 feet, which is more than four times the others decreaſe in width equally on each ſide
as much as the free water-way left between the by four feet; ſo that the two next to the middle
ſterlings of London-bridge; which, together with arch are ſeventy-two feet wide, and ſo on, to the
the gentleneſs of the ſtream, are the chief reaſons leaſt of the two arches, which are each 52 feet
why no ſenſible fall of water can ever ſtop, or in wide. As to the two ſmall ones, cloſe in ſhore to
the leaſt endanger the ſmalleſt boats, in their paſ. the abutments, they are each about 25 feet wide.
ſage through the arches.
The ſoffiet of every arch is turned and build
It conſiſts of 14 piers, 13 large, and two ſmall quite through, the ſame as the fronts, with large
arches, all ſemi circular, and two abutments. Portland blocks, over which is built, bounded in
The length of every pier is about 70 feet, from by the Portland, another arch of Purbeck ſtone,
point to point; and each end is terminated with four or five times thicker on the reins than over
ſaliant right angle againſt either ſtream.
the key; ſo calculated and built, that by the help
The two middle piers are each 19 feet wide at of this ſecondary arch, together with the incum-
the ſpringing of the arches, and contain 3000 cubic bent load of materials, all the parts of every arch
Feet, or near 200 tons of ſolid ſtone; and the are in equilibrio ; fo that each arch can ſtand
others decreaſe in breadth equally on each ſide, by || ſingle, without affecting or being affected, by any
one foot ; ſo that the two next to the largeſt are of the other arches.
each ſixteen feet wide; and ſo on to the two leaft Moreover, between every two arches a drain is
of each ſide which are twelve feet wide at the managed to carry off the water and filth, which
Springing of the arches.
in time, might penetrate, and accumulate in thoſe
Each of theſe piers are four feet wider at their places, to the great detriment of the arches. Some
foundation than at top, and each of them is laid bridges have been ruined for want of this precau-
on a ſtrong bed of timber, of the ſame ſhape as tion, which ſhould be obſerved in all conſiderable
the pier; about 80 feet long, 28 feet wide, and ſtone or brick bridges; and yet it has been gene-
two feet thick.
rally if not always omitted.
The value of 40,000 pounds is computed to Juſt above and below each abutment there
be always under water, in ftone, and other ma are large and commodious flights of Moor ſtone
terials. And here it
And here it may not be improper to ob ſteps, for the ſhipping and landing of goods and
ſerve, that the caiſſon, on which the firſt pier was paſſengers.
funk, contained 150 loads of timber: for it is a All the piers are laid at a conſiderable depth un-
precaution uſed in moſt heavy buildings, to lay || der the bed of the river, in a hard bed of gravel,
their foundations on planks, or beds of timber, which never requires piling ; it being, after rock,
which (if found when laid, and always kept wer) the beſt ſort of foundation; whereas the uſual
will not only remain ſound, but grow harder by method of building ſtone or brick bridges over
time.
large tide-rivers, is to build them upon ſtilts; that
The depths or heights of every pier are different, || is, driving piles in the bed of the river, ſhowing
but none of them have their foundations laid at a their heads at low-water mark, and often above;
leſs depth than five feet under the bed of the river, then laying ſome planks, to erect the piers thereon.
and none at a greater depth than fourteen feet Such are the foundations of London and Ro-
under the ſaid bed. This difference is occafioned cheſter bridges, and of many others in Great-
by the nature and poſition of the ground; for Britain as well as abroad.
though the foundations of all the piers and abut The materials of Weſtminſter-bridge, are the
ments are laid in a hard bed of gravel (which by beſt four kinds of ſtone (for the ſeveral uſes to
boring was found to grow harder, the deeper it which they are employed) that are; and they are
was bored into) yet this bed of gravel lies much all not only durable, but ſome of the heavieſt
lower, and is more difficult to come at on the in England, ſome kinds of marble only excepted.
Surry ſide than on the Weſtminſter ſide.
And the ſize and diſpoſition of thoſe materials
All the piers are built the ſame on the inſide as are ſuch, that there is no falſe bearing, or ſo much
on the outſide, of ſolid Portland block ſtones, as a falſe joint, in the whole bridge ; ſo that every
none leſs than one ton, or twenty hundred weight, part is fully and properly ſupported ; and what-
unleſs here and there a ſmall one, called a cloſer, ever ought to be made of one ſtone, is not made
placed between four other large ſtones; but moſt of ſeveral ſmall ones, as is but too common in
of them are two or three tons weight, and ſeveral other buildings.
of four or five tons. All the ſtones are ſet in (and Inſtead of chalk, ſmall, ſtones or rubbiſh, with
their joints fitted) with a cement called dutch tar which the inſides of moſt buildings are filled, the
ris, and they are beſides faſtened with iron cramps, piers are entirely built with ſolid blocks of Port-
run in with lead, and ſo placed, that none of land, and ſecured as we have explained before ;
thoſe cramps can be ſeen, or ever affected by the and in building the arches, ſeveral precautions
have been uſed, as have been ſcarcely ever before
All the arches of Weſtminſter-bridge are ſemi obſerved, ſuch as building them quite through
circular, that form being one of the ſtrongeſt and with the ſame ſorts of large ſtones as in the fronts,
the beſt adapted for diſpatch in building.
thus deſtroying their lateral preffures by a proper
They all ſpring from about two feet above low diſpoſition of the inaterials, in, between, and over
water mark, and from no higher; which renders thoſe arches.
Nothing
water,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
303
66
to
Nothing is more common in the conſtruction of ſented to the houſe by his grace the duke of Bed-
bridges, than for ſome of the piers to fink, or at ford, who introduced the ſame in words to the
leaſt ſo far give way, as to occaſion the neceffity || following effect :
of rebuilding them, even before the fabric is pafi-
able: this has been the caſe of one of the piers “ My lords,
of Weſtminſter-bridge, which, by ſinking, da « I have in my hand a petition from a very
maged the arch to which it belonged ſo much, great body of men, no leſs a body, my lords,
that the commiſſioners thought fit to have it pul 6s than the citizens of London. The importance
led down; when, by laying 12,000 Tons of can “ of this juncture called upon them to aſſemble
non and leaden weights on the lower part of the «s and deliberate upon the moſt proper means of
pier, the foundation was ſettled and ſet to rights, preventing the effects of the convention, which
in ſuch a manner as to render it completely ſecure they apprehend to be ruinous, not only to
from all accidents of the like kind for the future. co them, but the whole kingdom, from taking
This misfortune happened in 1747, when this no place. Encouraged, my lords, by their for-
ble ſtructure was almoſt compleated, and pre mer experience of your lordſhips great indul-
vented its being finiſhed till the tenth of Novem gence, they reſolved to proceed in the moſt
ber 1750 ; when the laſt ſtone was laid by Thomas « dutiful manner, by petitioning your lordſhips
Lediard, eſq; in the preſence of ſeveral of the take the reaſons they are ready to offer
commiſſioners; and, on the ſeventeenth, about cs againſt the convention into your mature deli-
twelve at night, it was opened by a proceſſion of 66 beration."
ſeveral gentlemen of that cicy, the chief artificers
of the work, and a crowd of ſpectators, preceded The purport of the petition itſelf was as fol.
by trumpets, kettle drums, &c, and guns firing lows : 66 That the citizens of London are too
during the ceremony.
deeply intereſted in whatever affects the trade
As to the time that has been employed in erect " of this nation, not to expreſs the utmoſt anxiety
ing this magnificent bridge, it is ſufficient to ob “ for the welfare of that only ſource of our riches;
ſerve, that the ballaft-men having dug the foun and it is with a concern the petitioners are una-
dation of the firſt pier to the depth of five feet " ble to expreſs, that they perceive the trade to
under the bed of the river, levelled it, and kept as his majeſty's American colonies ſtill continues
it level, by a proper incloſure of ſtrong piles, and expoſed to the inſults of the Spaniards, who,
the caiſſon being brought over to the place where « under unwarrantable and injurious pretences,
it was to be funk, on the 29th of January, 1738-9, ".continue to ſtop, ſearch, and make prize of
the firſt ſtone of the weſtern pier was laid by the “ Britiſh veſſels navigating the American ſeas,
Right Hon. the earl of Pembroke ; ſo that the va in manifeſt violation of the creaties ſublifting
erecting this noble ſtructure was compleated in " between the two crowns; and that the peti-
eleven years and nine months; a very ſhort period, tioners apprehend, that the trade from theſe
conſidering the vaſtneſs of the undertaking, the “ his majeſty's kingdoms to his American colo-
prodigious quantity of ſtone made uſe of, hewn u nies is of the utmoſt importance, and almoſt
out of the quarry, and brought by ſea ; the in " the only profitable trade this nation now enjoys
terruptions of winter, the damage frequently done “ unrivalled by others; and that the petitioners
by the ice to the piling and ſcaffolding, and the "s were induced to hope, from his majeſty's
unavoidable interruption occaſioned twice a day s known goodneſs and paternal care of his ſub-
by the tide, which, for two years together, re “ jeets, ſupported by the vigorous reſolutions of
duced the time of labour to only five hours a 66 both houſes of parliament, and the equipment
day.
cs of a very powerful feet, that his majeſty's
The charge of building this bridge, from the "s trading ſubjects in the ſeas of America, as well
beginning to the finiſhing, and for procuring the as in all other parts of the ocean, would not
ſeveral conveniencies requiſite thereto, amounted 66 only have received a full fatisfaction for all
to the ſum of 389,500l. whereof 197,500l. was " their loſſes, occaſioned by the Spaniſh depreda-
raiſed by three ſucceſſive lotteries, and the re tions, but alſo an undoubted ſecurity for their
mainder, being 192,000l. was granted by parlia navigation and commerce in time to come;
o and that reaſonable and adequate reparation
A guard, conſiſting of twelve watchmen, is 66 would likewiſe have been obtained for the bar-
appointed for the ſecurity of the paſſage over this “ barities and inhuman cruelty exerciſed by that
bridge ; they are to be upon duty at the cloſe nation on the Engliſh ſeamen, who have had
of every day, till the opening of it the next “ the unhappineſs of falling into their mercileſs
morning
" hands; and expreſſing their great concern and
In the year 1739, the citizens of London find.
ſurprize to find, by the convention lately conclud-
ing themſelves greatly injured by the miniſtry, so ed between his majeſty and the king of Spain,
who had, during the receſs of parliament, con " that the Spaniards are ſo far from giving up
trived and ſigned a convention between the two “ their, as the petitioners apprehend, unjuſt pre-
courts of London and Madrid, thought it expe “ tenſions of a right to viſit and ſearch our ſhips
dient to exert their accuſtomed ſpirit of liberty, " in the open ſeas of America, that this preten-
and to petition the houſe of lords againſt the ſaid
“ fion of theirs is, aniongſt others, referred to
convention. For which purpoſe a court of com " the future regulation and deciſion of pleni-
mon-council was immediately called, and a peti potentiaries appointed on each ſide, whereby
tion drawn up which was approved of, and pre “ the petitioners apprehend it is in ſome degree
66 admitted
66
65
ment.

304
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
66
« admitted ; and that the petitioners conceive The citizens, however, took every meaſure to
" they have too much cauſe to fear, if the right ſhew their abhorrence of the miniſter's colluſion
pretended to by Spain, of ſearching Britiſh with the court of Spain; and being thoroughly
ſhips at ſea, be admitted in any manner or de convinced that Sir George Champion, knt. who
gree whatſoever, that the trade of his majeſty's was the alderman next the chair, and member for
fubjects in or to America will become ſo pre Ayleſbury, had voted for the convention, they,
“ carious, as to depend in a great meaſure upon on the twenty-ninth of September, the day of
" the indulgence and juſtice of the Spaniards, of election, rejected him from the high office of
“ boch which they have given, for ſome years Lord-mayor, and for ever looked on him with the
paft, ſuch ſpecimens, as the petitioners think greateſt contempt.
66 this nation can have no cauſe to be ſatisfied On the tenth of September, about ſeven o'clock
“ with; and expreſſing the apprehenſions of the the evening, there fell a moſt violent ſtorm of
“ petitioners, that ſuch a precarious ſituation as thunder and lightening, accompanied with very
this muſt inevitably expoſe the trade in and to heavy rain, which continued till near twelve at
" the American ſeas to continual interruptions | | night. Though the thunder was not very vio-
"s and alarms; as well as to frequent loſſes ; and lent, yet the flaſhes of lightening were as quick,
" that, to theſe unhappy cauſes the petitioners
and at the ſame time as ſtrong as perhaps were
apprehend the preſent low ſtate of the Britiſh ever known in this part of the world. This tem-
" colonies in America may, in a great meaſure, peſtuous night, among many other things, was
“ be attribured ; and that, if the cruel treatment the deſtruction of a large aviary of ſparrows,
"s of the Engliſh failors, whoſe hard fate has which had for many years reſted themſelves in a
6 thrown them into the hands of the Spaniards, grove of high trees adjoining to Mile-end turn-
“ ſhould be put up without any reparation, the pike. Such numbers of them were killed by the
petitioners apprehend it may be the means of || lightening, that the next morning the ground was
deterring ſeamen from undertaking voyages to
covered with their dead bodies.
“ the ſeas of America, without an advance of The ſtatue of king Edward VI. in braſs, left
wages, which that trade, or any other, will by Charles Ivy, eſq; late treaſurer, was, on the
not be able to ſupport, and that the peti- || twenty-ſecond, fixed on a marble pedeſtal in the
« tioners therefore, having laid before parliament middle ſquare of St. Thomas's hospital in South-
" the high importance this trade is of to the
wark.
kingdom in general, and this city in particu-
The day of election for Lord-mayor being ar-
" lar, thought it their indiſpenſable duty to re rived, the livery paid no regard to the ſeniority
prefent to parliament, the fatal conſequences | of Sir George Champion. They returned Sir
" of leaving the freedom of our navigation and John Salter and Sir Robert Godſchall: but a poll
commerce any longer in ſuſpenſe and uncer being demanded by the friends of Sir George,
"s tainty; and therefore expreſſing their hope, the fame was continued for about a quarter of an
" that the parliament will take it into mature hour; when, finding the livery were determined
56 deliberation, and do therein as ſhall ſeem to oppoſe him, it was thrown up, and the num-
bers, on inſpection, appeared as follows :
66
meet.'
2
Various were the debates in the houſe of lords in
Sir John Salter
95
conſequence of this petition ; and notwithſtand-
Sir Robert Godſchall
90
the merchants minutely proved all their allega-
Sir George Champion
tions, and were ſtrongly ſupported by many noble
lords, yet it was at laſt carried in favour of the In conſequence of which Sir John Salter, knt.
convention by a majority of twenty-four voices. was declared, in the common-hall, Lord-mayor
And the miniſtry procured an addreſs of thanks for the year enſuing.
to his majeſty from the houſe of commons alſo, The nation grew more and more clamorous
for procuring the ſaid convention. This, how. || againſt the miniſtry, and repeated their addreſſes,
ever, prognoſticated Sir Robert Walpole's decay ſo ſtrenuouſly to the houſe of commons for a vi-
of power in that houſe ; for, upon the diviſion, gorous war with Spain, that his majeſty reſolved
he had no more than two hundred and fixty-two to comply with their requeſt. Accordingly, on the
contents, againſt two hundred and thirty-five non twenty-ſecond of October the officers of arms with
contents, with ſixty-one abſentees; and among the ſerjeants at arms and trumpeters, mounted
theſe two hundred and ſixty-two, were two hun-
their horſes in the ſtable-yard, St. James's, and
dred and thirty-four placemen, whoſe employ- || proceeding thence to the palace-gate, garter prin-
ments amounted to the value of two hundred || cipal king of arms read his majeſty's declaration
and twelve thouſand, nine hundred and fifty-ſix || of war, and Norroy king of arms proclaimed it
pounds, thirteen ſhillings and four-pence. It aloud; which being done, a proceffion was made
was in conſequence of this that Sir Robert took to Charing croſs in the following manner:
the liberty of calling the citizens fiurdy beggars;
and in order to propagate a mean opinion of them, A party of horſe-guards or grenadiers to clear
and to leffen them in the eſteem of the members
of both houſes, he procured printed liſts of the Beadles of Weſtminſter bare-headed, with ſtaves,
common-council, with the addition of their fe two and two.
veral trades, or companies, to inſinuate that they Conſtables of Weſtminſter in like manner.
were an inſignificant or contemptible body of | High conſtable of Weſtminſter with his ſtaf.
tradeſmen and mechanics.
The
the way

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London,
1995
IBI
W
The MANSION HOUSE
Dis:
YA
MURANIN
IN
OD
,
The GUILDHALL of London.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
305
The officers of the high bailiff of Weſtminſter
COMMONERS.
on horſeback, with white wands.
Mr. Deputy John Snart, Mr. Deputy James Danſie,
Clerk of the high bailiff of Weſtminſter.
Mr. William Tims,
Mr Deputy Tho. Sandford,
High bailiff himſelf, with the deputy ſteward on Mr. John Everett,
Mr. Deputy John Ayliffe,
his right hand.
Mr. Deputy R. Farrington, Mr. Deputy Benj. Hodges,
Knight marſhal's men.
Mr. Deputy Samuel Tatem, Mr. Deputy Thomas Naſh,
Mr. Robert Evans,
Mr. Charles Hartley.
Knight marſhal.
Drums.
Being the committee appointed by order of the Lord.
Drum major.
mayor, aldermen, and commons of this city, in common-
Trumpets.
council aſſembled, to erect this fabric for a manſion-houſe,
Serjeant trumpeter in his collar, bearing his mace.
for the uſe of the Lord-mayor of this city for the time being.
Purſuivants, bluemantle, rougedragon, portcul.
lis.
George Heathcote
, the mai. } Aldermen, being ſheriffs-
Richmond herald.
George Dance, Architect
Windſor herald.
York herald between two ſerjeants at arms.
Somerſet herald between two ditto.
Deſcription of the MANSION-HOUSÉ.
Norroy king of arms, between two ditto.
Garter king of arms, between two ditto.
HIS edifice is very ſubſtantially built of
And the proceſſion was cloſed by
Portland ſtone, and has a portico of fix
A party or troop of horſe-guards.
lofty Auted columns of the Corinthian order in the
front; the ſame order being continued in pilaſters
At Charing.croſs the declaration was read by both under the pediment, and on each ſide. The
Norroy king of arms, and proclaimed aloud by baſement ſtory is very maſſy and built in ruſtic.
Somerſet herald. They then proceeded to Tem. || In the centre of this ſtory is the door which leads
ple-bar, where the officers of the city of Weſtmin to the kitchens, cellars, and other offices; and on
fter retired; and within the gate the Lord-mayor, each ſide riſes a flight of ſteps of very conſider-
aldermen, deputy-recorder, and ſheriffs in ſcarlet
able extent, leading up to the portico, in the
attended; and bluemantle purſuivant having middle of which is the door that leads to the
preſented to his lorſhip the earl marſals warrant, apartments and offices where buſineſs is tranſ-
the city proceſſion followed the troops. At the acted. The ſtone baluſtrade of the ſtairs is con-
end of Chancery-lane Somerſet herald read the tinued along the front of the portico, and the
declaration, and York herald proclaimed it aloud. columns, which are wrought in the proportions
At the end of Wood-ſtreet York herald read the of Palladio, ſupport a large angular pediment,
declaration, and Windſor herald proclaimed it adorned with a very noble piece in bas relief, re-
aloud. And laſtly, at the Royal Exchange, | preſenting the dignity and opulence of the city
Windſor herald read the declaration, and Rich of London. Beneath this portico are two ſeries
mond herald proclaimed it aloud. This ceremo of windows, which extend along the whole front,
ny was performed at each reſpective place amidſt and above theſe is an attic ſtory with ſquare win-
innumerable ſpectators, who teſtified their ap dows crowned with a baluſtrade. The building is
probation by the moſt joyful acclamations. an oblong, and its depth is the long ſide; it has
The chief corner-ſtone of the Manſion-houſe an area in the middle, and the fartheſt end is an
for the Lord-mayor of the city of London to re Egyptian-hall, which is the length of the front,
ſide in, was laid on the twenty-fifth of this month, | very high and deſigned for public entertainments.
by the Right Hon. Micajah Perry, Eſq; Lord-
Near the ends at each ſide is a window of extra-
mayor: on which was cur the following inſcrip- ordinary height, placed between coupled Corin-
thian pilaſters, and extending to the top of the
attic ſtory.
This chief corner-ſtone
The inſide apartments and offices are moſt ele-
Was laid the twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of gantly furniſhed ; and the bas relief over the
our Lord MDCCXXXIX.
And in the thirteenth year of the reign of our
grand pediment is finely deſigned, and as beauti-
Sovereign Lord George the Second,
fully executed by Mr. Taylor. The principal
King o Great-Britain, France and Ireland,
figure on which repreſents the genius of the city
By the Rt. Hon. MICAJAH Perry, Eſq;
of London in the dreſs of the goddeſs Cybele,
Lord-inayor of the city of London.
cloathed with the imperial robe, alluding to her
ALDERMEN.
being the capital of this kingdom, with a crown
Sir Francis Child, Knt.
of currets on her head; in her right hand holding
John Barber, Eſq;
Sir Edward Bellamy, Knt. Sir John Williams, Knt. the prætorian wand, and leaning with her left on
Sir John Barnard, Knt. Sir Robert Godſchall, Knt. the city arms. She is placed between two pillars
tion:
*
Before the building of this noble edifice, it was
cuſtomary for the chief magiſtrate of the city to hold his
mayoralty at one or other of the halls belonging to the
twelve principal companies. This, however, being attended
with great inconveniencies, it was thought proper, for the
honour of the city, and the more regular diſcharge of that
high office, to erect a houſe, as the Manfion for the Lord-
mayor for the time being. This being determined by the
Lord-mayor, aldermen and common.council, ſeveral places
26
were propoſed, as the end of Pater-noſter-row, fronting
Cheapfide, Moorfields, and Stocks-market, and the latter
was choſen from its being ſituated nearly in the centre of the
city, and in the heart of buſineſs. Stocks-market was there-
fore removed to Fleet-ditch, and the earth dug up for laying
the foundation, when the ground was found ſo full of ſprings,
that it became neceffary to erect the building on piles. This
great work was finiſhed in 1753, and Sir Criſp Gaſcoigne
was the firſt Lord-mayor who reſided in it.
Hhhh

306
HISTORY and SURVĒr of LONDON.
(
66
or columns, to expreſs the ſtability of her condi ment of this charity, and with unwearied aſſiduity
tion; and, on her right hand, ſtands a naked | ſpent all the remainder of his life in promoting
boy, wich the faſces and axe in one hand, and this noble deſign.
the ſword, with the cap of liberty upon it, in Previous to his preſenting any petition to the
the other; to ſhew, that authority and juſtice are king, his firſt ſtep was to procure a recommenda-
the true ſupports of liberty ; and that while the tion of his deſign from ſome perſons of quality
former were exerted with vigour, the latter will and diſtinction. This he purſued with ſuch un-
continue in a ſtate of youth. At her feet lies bounded diligence, that in a ſhort time he pro-
faction, as it were in agony, with ſnakes twining cured the following memorial, ſigned by the la-
round his head ; intimating, that the exact go dies whoſe names are underwritten :
vernment of this city, not only preſerves herlelf,
but retorts juft puniſhment on ſuch as envy her " Whereas, among the many excellent deſigns
happy condition. In the group farther to the " and inſtitutions of charity which this nation,
right, the chief figure repreſents an ancient River " and eſpecially the city of London, has hitherto
god, his head crowned with flags and ruſhes, his encouraged and eſtabliſhed, no expedient has
beard long, a rudder in his right hand, and his yet been found out for preventing the frequent
left arm leaning on an urn, which pours forth a “ murders of poor miſerable infants at their birth,
copious ſtream ; the ſwan at his feet ſhews this to or for ſuppreſling the inhuman cuſtom of ex-
be the Thames; the ſhip behind, and the anchor poſing new-born infants to periſh in the ſtreets,
and cable below him, very emphatically expreſs the or the putting out ſuch unhappy foundlings to
mighty tribute of riches paid by the commerce of " wicked and barbarous nurſes, who, undertak-
this river to the city, to which it belongs. On the "ing to bring them up for a ſmall and trifling
left hand there appears the figure of a beautiful « ſum of money, do often ſuffer them to ſtarve
woman in an humble poſture, preſenting an orna-
" for want of due ſuſtenance or care, or, if
ment of pearls with one hand, and pouring out a “ permitted to live, either turn them into the
mixed variety of riches from a cornucopia or hora “ ſtreets to beg or ſteal, or hire them out to looſe
of plenty, with the other; ſignifying, that abun perſons, by whom they are trained up in that
dance which flows from the union of domeſtic « infamous way of living, and ſometimes are
induſtry and foreign trade. Behind her is a ſtork, • blinded or maimed, and diſtorted in their
and two naked boys, playing with each other, limbs, in order to move pity and compaf-
and holding the neck of the ſtork; to ſignify that “ fion, and thereby become fitter inſtruments of
piety, brotherly love, and mutual affection, pro " gain to thoſe vile, mercileſs wretches.
duce and ſecure that vaſt ſtock of wealth, of va “ For a beginning to redreſs ſo deplorable a
rious kinds, which appears near them in bales, “ grievance, and to prevent as well the effuſion
bags, and hogſheads ; ſo that every thing in this 66 of ſo much innocent blood, as the fatal conſe-
piece is not barely beautiful and ornamental, but, quences of that idleneſs, beggary, or ſtealing,
at the ſame time, inſtructively expreſſive of the « in which ſuch poor foundlings are generally
happy condition of that great city, for the reſi 66 bred up, and to enable them, by an early and
dence of whoſe chief magiſtrate this noble build c effectual care of their education, to become
ing was erected.
“ uſeful members of the commonwealth; we,
The whole expence of building the Manſion “ whoſe names are underwritten, being deeply
houſe, (including the ſum of 3900l. paid for s touched with compaſſion for the ſufferings and
purchaſing houſes to be pulled down) amounted “ lamentable condition of ſuch poor, abandoned,
TO 426381. 185. 8d.
helpleſs infants, as well as the enormous a-
In the reign of queen Anne ſeveral eminent « buſes and miſchiefs to which they are expoſed;
merchants, filled with compaffion for the many 6 and in order to ſupply the government plenti-
innocent children who were daily expoſed to mi fully with uſeful hands on many occafions ;
ſery and deſtruction, propoſed to erect an hoſpi " and for the better producing good and faithful
tal for the reception of ſuch infants, as either the “ ſervants from amongſt the poor and miſerable
misfortunes or inhumanity of their parents ſhould " caft-off children or foundlings, now a peſt to
leave deftitute of other ſupport; and to employ as the public, and a chargeable nuiſance within
them in ſuch a manner as to render them fit for “ the bills of mortality ; and for ſettling a yearly
the moſt laborious offices, and the loweſt ſtations. ( income for their maintenance and proper edu-
With theſe laudable views, they propoſed a ſub - cation, till they come to a fit age for ſervice;
ſcription, and ſollicited a charter; but from the are deſirous to encourage, and willing to con-
ill-grounded prejudices of ſome weak people, who “ tribute towards erecting an hoſpital for infants
ſuggeſted that ſuch an undertaking would encour " whom their parents are not able to maintain,
age perſons in vice, by making too eaſy a provi " and having no right to any pariſh; which we
fion for their illegitimate children, all their ſolli 66 conceive will not only prevent many horrid
citations proved ineffectual.
“ murders, cruelties and other miſchiefs, and be
Although this was ſuſpended, yet it did not “ greatly beneficial to the public, but will alſo
entirely defeat this laudable deſign: ſome of theſe “ be acceptable to God Almighty, as being the
worthy perſons left large benefactions for the uſe of « only remedy of ſuch great evils, which have
ſuch an hoſpital as ſoon as it ſhould be erected ; “ been ſo long neglected, though always com-
which coming to the ears of Mr. Thomas Coram, “ plained of; provided due and proper care be
a commander of a ſhip in the merchants ſervice, cs taken for ſetting on foot ſo necefſary an efta-
he left the ſea to follicit a charter for the eſtabliſh " bliſhment, and a royal charter be granted by
66
66 the

Engravel for Chamberlains Heitory of London
a
Wood
al
sh
Terrier
PETTIDERE
I HOTELLIT
มอง)
Vin of the FOUNDLING HOSPITAL Lambs Conduit Fidelo.
foil
BALL
CAREERS
View of the SMALL-POX HOSPITAL nur S+Panorafs.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
307
THE
“ che king to ſuch perſons as his niajeſty ſhall || garden. And a chapel being much wanted, and
approve of, who ſhall be willing to become ſeveral ladies of quality expreſſing their deſire of
" benefactors for the erecting and endowing ſuch | contributing to it
, a ſubſcription was opened for
an hoſpital ; and for the receiving the vo that purpoſe, and a neat and elegant edifice was
" luntary contribucions of charitable and well foon erected.
diſpoſed perſons; and for directing and ma Two years after the governors being informed
naging the affairs thereof gratis to the beſt ad of the increaſe of benefactions to this charity, of
vantage, under ſuch regulations as his majeſty the number of the children, and the expediency
« in his great wiſdom ſhall judge moſt proper for of keeping the boys feparate from the girls, gave
attaining the deſired effect of our good inten directions for building the other wing of the
66 tions.
hoſpital; ſince which the whole deſign has been
compleated.
Charlotte Somerſet, F.Wa. and Nottingham,
S. Richmond,
E. Cardigan,
Deſcription of the FOUNDLING-HOSPITAL.
H. Bolton,
Dorothy Burlington,
Anne Bolton,
F. Litchfield,
THE wings of the hofpital are directly oppo-
I. Leeds,
A. Albemarle,
ſite to each other, and are built in a plain
A. Bedford,
F. Biron,
but regular manner, of brick, with handſome
M. Cavendiſh Portland, A. Trevor,
piazzas. At the farther end is placed the chapel,
J. Mancheſter, A. Torrington,
which is joined to the wings by an arch on each
F. Hartford,
E. Onſlow,
ſide, and is very elegant within. Before the hof-
M. Harold,
A. King."
pital is a large piece of ground, on each ſide
S, Huntington,
whereof is a colonade of great length, which alſo
extends towards the gates, that are double, with
After Mr. Coram had obtained this recommen a maffy pier between, ſo that coaches may paſs
dation from the ladies, he procured another to the and repaſs at the ſame time; and on each ſide is a
ſame purpoſe, figned by a great number of no door to admit thofe on foot. The large area be-
blemen and gentlemen, both of which he annexed tween this outer gate and the hoſpital is adorned
in his petition to the king, who not only approved with grafs plats, gravel walks and lamps erected
of the fame, and paſſed a licence for nominating upon handſome poſts, excluſive of which there
truſtees, for erecting an hoſpital for foundlings, are two handſome gardens.
&c. but was moſt graciouſly pleaſed to grant his In the court room are placed four capital pic-
royal charter, dated the 17th of October 1739, tures, taken from ſacred hiſtory, the fubjects of
for eſtabliſhing this hoſpital.
which are ſuitable to the place for which they were
His grace the duke of Bedford, who was ap- || deſigned.
pointed firſt preſident, ſummoned the ſeveral The firſt, which is painted by Mr. Hayman, is
members of the ſociety to meet him at Somerſet taken from Exodus ii. 8, 9.
66 The maid went
houſe on the twentieth of November, when moſt 6 and called the child's mother, and Pharaoh's
of the noblemen and gentlemen mentioned in the daughter ſaid unto her, take this child away
charter being aſſembled, Thomas Coram, eſq; " and nurſe it for me, and I will give you
thanked his grace in particular and the reſt of them “ wages.”
in general, for their protection and affiſtance in The following verſe is the ſubject of the next
promoting the patent.
picture, done by Mr. Hogarth, viz. “ And the
After this, the court, purſuant to their charter, “ child grew up, and ſhe brought him to Pha-
proceeded to the election of a ſecretary ; and a “ raoh's daughter, and he became her ſon, and
committee of fifteen noblemen and gentlemen (6 ſhe called his name Moſes."
were choſen to conduct the affairs of the corpo The third picture is the hiſtory of Iſhmael,
ration.
painted by Mr. Highmore, the ſubject of which is
Books were now opened, and the governors taken from Gen. xxi. 17. “ And the angel of the
obtained large ſubſcriptions ; the work went on “ Lord called to Hagar out of heaven, and faid
with great ſpirit; an act of parliament was ob to her, what aileth thee, Hagar? fear not, for
tained to confirm and enlarge the powers granted " God hath heard the voice of the lad where he
by his majeſty to the governors and guardians of 4 is."
the hoſpital. A piece of ground was purchaſed 2. The fourth picture is painted by Mr. Wills, and
in Lamb's Conduit-fields, of the earl of Saliſbury, is taken from Luke xviii, 16. « Jeſus ſaid, ſuffer
which his lordſhip not only ſold at a very reaſon little children to come unto me, and forbid
able confideration, but promoted the charity by " them nọt, for of ſuch is the kingdom of hea-
a noble contribution.
Ob
The governors were ſo anxious for the com. On each ſide of theſe pictures are placed ſmall
mencement of this charity, that, during the drawings in circular frames of the moſt conſider-
building of the hoſpital, they hired a large houſe able hoſpitals in and about London, done by Mr.
in Hatton-Garden, nurſes were provided, and it Haytley, Mr. Wilſon, Mr. Whale, and Mr.
was reſolved that fixty children ſhould be admit Gainſborough.
ted; but as the funds increaſed, ſo a greater num Over the chimney is placed a very curious baf-
ber were received in proportion.
relief, done by Mr. Ryſbrack, and preſented by
31 As ſoon as one wing of the hoſpital was finiſh him, repreſenting children employed in huſbandry
ed, the committee ordered the children to be re and navigation. 27003 bis
moved thither, and quitted the houſe in Hatton-
The
66
92
66 ”
ven.

308
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
ing
66
The other ornaments of the room were given was enacted as follows: " That it ſhall be law-
by ſeveral ingenious workmen, who had been - ful for every citizen and freeman of London,
employed in building the hoſpital, and were " and every other perſon inhabiting within the
willing to contribute to adorn it. The ſtucco ſaid city or liberties, and every perſon who
work was given by Mr. William Wilton; the rents or keeps any ſhop, ſhed, ftall, or ſtand,
marble chia:ney-piece by Mr. Deval; the table or ſeeks a livelihood in the ſaid city or liberties,
with its frame curiouſly carved, by Mr. John 56 which have any debt owing to him not exceed-
Saunderſon, and the glaſs by Mr. Hallet.
ing forty ſhillings, by any perſon inhabiting,
In the other rooms of the hoſpitalare the pictures or ſeeking a livelihood, within the ſaid city or
of ſeveral of the governors and benefactors, viz. “ liberties, during their reſpective inhabiting
Mr. Thomas Coram, by Mr. Hogarth ; Mr. 66 there, to cauſe ſuch debtor to be fummoned
Milner and Mr. Jacobſon, by Mr. Hudſon ; Dr. " by any of the beadles, or officers of the Court
Mead, by Mr. Ramſey; and Mr. Emerſon, by e of Requeſts, by writing left at the dwel-
Mr. Highmore. In the dining-room is a large ling-houſe, lodgings, ſhed, ſtall, or ſtand, or
and beautiful ſea-piece of the Engliſh fleet in the any other place of ſeeking a livelihood, of ſuch
downs, by Mr. Monamy; and over the chimney “ debtor, or by any other reaſonable notice, to
in another room is Mr. Hogarth's original paint appear before the commiſſioners of the Court
of the march to Finchley.
" of Requeſts, holden in the Guildhall of the
The altar-piece in the chapel, which is moſt " ſaid city. And the ſaid commiſſioners, or three
beautifully painted, repreſents the wiſe men mak os of them, ſhall, after ſummons, have power
ing their offerings to the infant Jeſus, who is held 66 by this act to fet down ſuch orders between
in his mother's arms. Here is likewiſe a fine or " ſuch parties as ſtand with equity and good con-
gan preſented by Mr. Handel ; in conſequence of ſcience; all ſuch orders to be regiſtered in a
whom the foundation has been enriched by a ſa book, as they have been accuſtomed to be.
cred oratorio being performed ſeveral times in “ If any perſon contemptuouſly affront any
the year to crowded audiences.
“ of the commiſſioners of the ſaid court, during
Several very handſome ſhields done in lead were " the time of their ſitting, it ſhall be lawful for
given by Mr. Ives, and placed over the charity “ the commiſſioners then ſitting, or three of
boxes, with proper inſcriptions; and other artiſts " them, to certify under their hands and feals the
have contributed their labours to the ornamenting name of the perſon ſo offending, and the na-
of the hoſpital and chapel, for which they re ture of his offence, to the Lord-mayor of
ceived the thanks of the corporation : and an in London, who ſhall ſummon ſuch perſon before
ſcription is put up to inform the public, that « him ; and upon his appearance, and the fact
thefe ornaments were the benefactions of the fe alledged being proved upon the oath of one or
veral artiſts whoſe names are wrote thereon.
more witneſſes, or in default of his appear-
ance, ſhall puniſh the perſon fo offending, by
Another good foundation was eſtabliſhed this 6 fine or impriſonment, or both ; provided the
year, which was the erecting a mathematical “ fine do not exceed twenty ſhillings, and im-
ſchool in the Grey-coat hoſpital, in the pariſh of “ priſonment be for no longer than ten days.
St. Margaret, Weſtminſter, for training up boys “ Upon the non-payment of the ſaid fine, it
in the art of navigation, ſo as to fit them for the « ſhall be lawful for the Lord-mayor to iſſue a
ſervice of their country ; many of whom, ſince "s warrant for levying the ſaid fine on the goods
the erection of this ſchool, have been put appren " and chattels of every offender, and to cauſe
tice to captains in the king's ſervice.
“6 fale to be made thereof in caſe they be not re-
On Chriſtmas-day a moſt ſevere froſt began, 66 deemed in five days; which fine, when levied,
which continued, with ſome ſhort intermiſſions, 66 ſhall be paid over to the church-wardens or
near eighe weeks. Its intenſeneſs and bad effects “ overſeers of the poor of the pariſh, wherein
exceeded all others ever remembered. A few days “ ſuch offender, at the time of ſuch offence, in-
after it began a very high wind aroſe, which did - habits, or ſeeks a livelihood, towards the fup-
great damage among the ſhipping. Several ſhips port of the poor.
loaded with corn, others with coals, &c. were i The number of beadles or officers employed
ſunk by the ice; many were thrown on their an 66 in the execution of the orders of the ſaid com-
chors which made holes in them ; ſome on their miſſioners, may, by the court of Lord-mayor
fides, foul of others ; feveral lighters and boats 66 and aldermen of London, be enlarged to two
under the ice ; and, on the whole, the river or more, not exceeding four.
Thames preſented a more diſmal ſcene than had “ The act 3 Jac. I. c. 15. and all things there-
ever been beheld by the oldeſt man living. The « in not hereby altered, ſhall continue in force,
damage done between the Medway and Lon " and extend to all perſons to whom this preſent
don-bridge amounted to 100,000l.' beſides the 66 act doth extend.
number of perſons who loſt their lives. The “ If any action be brought for any thing done
neceſſities of the poor were ſo great, that had it “ in purſuance of this act, or the act 3 Jac. I.
not been for the extenſive collections in moſt < c. 15. the action ſhall be brought within fix
pariſhes, and the benefactions of a great num " months after the fact is committed ; and ſhall
ber of the gentry, they muſt have inevitably “ be laid in the city of London : and the defen-
periſhed.
“ dant may plead the general iſſue ; and if the
An act of parliament was paſſed this ſeſſions, "s plaintiff become nonſuited, &c. the defendant
to amend and extend the powers of the Court of « ſhall recover double coſts."
Conſcience in the city of London; in which it
10H Tobiap bolti sov In
66
(6

HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
30g
any fine.
66
s6
In the year 1740 both houſes of parliament were accordingly returned by the common-hall;
addreſſed his majeſty on the ſucceſs of admiral but the court of aldermen, contrary to the uſual
Vernon, who, with fix ſhips only, had entered method, choſe Mr. Heathcote, who very politely
the port, and taken the town of Porto-Bello; begged to be excuſed on account of his health be-
and on the twenty-fifth of March a motion was ing greatly impaired by ſerving the office of
made in the common-council to preſent the admi ſheriff the foregoing year.
ral with the freedom of the city of London, in This occaſioned great debatés; and ſtrong op-
a gold box ; and to congratulate his majeſty poſition was made by the friends of the negative
on the occaſion: both of which being agreed to, aldermen. However, it was at laſt carried that
the latter was preſented to his majeſty, by the Mr. Heathcote ſhould not be compelled to ſerve ;
Lord-mayor, aldermen and common-council, on and that he ſhould be excuſed without paying
the twenty-ſeventh of the ſame month. And,
On the tenth of May the Lord-mayor and al-
Another common-hall was ſuinrnoned to meet
dermen waited on his majeſty with their compli on the fourteenth of October, previous to which
ments on the nuptials of the princeſs Mary with the livery met again at Vintner's hall, and reſolved
the prince of Heffe ; after which they addreſſed on the nomination of Sir Robert Godſchall and
the new married princeſs on the occaſion.
Humphry Parſons, eſq; who had lately been
In conſequence of a motion being made in the Lord-mayor ; accordingly theſe two were una-
laſt feffion of parliament for a place bill, the court nimouſly returned by the common-hall; but the
of common-council met on the eighteenth of aldermen, after a debate of near three hours, were
June, and agreed to thank their four worthy re pleaſed to put by Sir Robert Godſchall again, and
preſentatives for their good conduct in parliament; returned Humphry Parfons, eſq; who, at a court
which they did in the following manner :
of common-council held on the twenty-ſecond
told them, that if iç was their deſire, he was wil-
“We, the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com ling to accept the office of Lord-mayor, for the en-
mons, of the city of London, in common-coun ſuing year, let the expence be what it would. This
« cil aſſembled, return you our thanks for your declaration was received by the court with una-
66 faithful and diligent attendance in parliament, nimous applauſe; and thereupon the following
particularly while the place bill was depending motion was made : 66 That the thanks of this
" laſt feffions; and being ſollicitous that the rights court be given to Humphry Parſons, eſq;
66 and liberties which this nation has hitherto en Lord.mayor elect, for accepting a ſecond time
joyed, ſhould be continued to lateſt poſterity, " the laborious and expenſive office of the mayor-
" and conſidering that thoſe bleſſings can alone alty, and thereby, in ſome meaſure reſtoring
“ be ſecured by the independency of parliament, " the peace and tranquillity of this city, which
« do moft earneſtly require of you to renew your " has been greatly diſturbed by a late extraordi-
as endeavours in procuring a proper bill for re nary and uncommon proceeding;” which queſ-
- ducing and limiting the number of placemen tion, after long debates, was agreed to by a
" in the houſe of commons.
great majority: but an amendment being propoſed
" As we apprehend that your expectations laſt || by ſome of the aldermen preſent, and Sir John
"ſeſſions were in a great meaſure diſappointed, || Eyles and Sir Robert Baylis inſiſting that the opi-
as through the abſence of a few members from nion of the aldermen ſhould be ſeparately taken
« parliament, we cannot but entertain the ſtrong thereon, and ſeveral of the court of aldermen
" eſt hopes of ſucceſs the next year, not doubt inſiſting upon a negative, a long debate enſued,
ing but thoſe gentlemen, being at laſt con in which their power of putting a negative on
“ vinced that a diligent attendance in the houſe the queſtion, was diſputed with great warmth ;
s of commons is of the utmoſt conſequence to but they ſtill inſiſting upon that power, Sir John
56 the nation, will not hazard a ſecond loſs of this Barnard, and the reſt of the worthy aldermen,
“ falutary law, ſo immediately neceſſary to pre who voted for Sir Robert Godſchall, and a very
c ferve the freedom of our conftitution ; to re great majority of the com non-council, withdrew
es ſtore unanimity among the people, and eſta from court, proteſting, that the aldermen had no
" bliſh that confidence in his majeſty's meaſures, right to vote feparately, or to put a negative in
as may effectually enable him, at this impor the forming of a queſtion. After which the al-
s tant juncture, to aſſert the honour of his crown dermen and common-council returned thanks to
C and kingdom.”
the Lord-mayor elect, for his accepting the office
a ſecond time. And
On the twenty-fifth of September a previous On Wedneſday the twenty-ninth the right hon.
meeting of the livery was held at Vintner’s-hall, Humphry Parſons, eſq; the new Lord-mayor,
to conſider of two proper perſons to be returned was, with the uſual ſolemnity, ſworn into that
on Michaelmas-day at Guild-hall, to the court high office for the year enſuing. --This gentleman
of aldermen, for the choice of one to be Lord. was the firſt who rode in a coach drawn by fix
mayor.
horſes in the proceſſion on Lord-mayor's day.
After Mr. Glover, who was in the chair, had On the third of November the London In-
opened the cauſe of their meeting, it was reſolved firmary, now called the London-hoſpital, which
to ſupport the nomination of Sir Robert Godf was carried on in a little houſe adjoining to
chall, kot, and George Heathcote, efq; in the Upper Moor-fields, was removed and opened in a
common-hall on Michaelmas-day, they being the more commodious ſituation in Preſcot-ſtreet,
two ſenior aldermen (except Sir George Cham Godman's- fields.
pion) below the chair. Theſe two gentlemen On the eleventh of the fame nionth, a court of
26
Fiii
ic
Common

gio
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
non.
common-council was held at Guildhall, when a purpoſe without the gate, he was ſworn in by the
motion was made and the queſtion put, " That right honourable the lord Cornwallis, conſtable
" the court of aldermen have the power of put of the Tower, according to ancient cuſtom when
ting a negative upon the framing of a queſ the barons of the exchequer are out of town.
“ tion,” which paſſed in the negative; and it The laſt Lord-mayor that had been ſworn on
likewiſe paſſed the ſame in the court of aldermen, Tower-hill was Sir Thomas Bloodworth, in the
by a majority of ten to four. Another motion year 1665, when the courts of law were held at
was then made, and the queſtion put, 66 that the Oxford on account of the dreadful plague in
court of aldermen have not the power of put-
London.
“ ting a negative upon the framing of a quef The election of an alderman for Broad-ſtreet
“ tion,” which paſſed in the affirmative ; and the ward was ſoon after attended with great trouble
fame paſſed in the affirmative, by a majority of and expence. The candidates were Charles Ewer,
eleven to four, in the court of aldermen.
eſq; and Mr. Eggleton. On the cloſe of the poll a
The day following, being the birth day of ad ſcrutiny was demanded, and the numbers appear-
miral Vernon, the citizens of London, to expreſsing to be exactly equal, the Lord-mayor held a
the ſenſe they entertained of the advantages the wardmote at Draper's hall for a new election ; ac
nation might reap from a vigorous war with which Charles Ewer, eſq; meeting with no oppo-
Spain, celebrated the ſame with the greateſt re ſition, was declared duly elected. In conſequence
joicings that had been known for many years. of this Mr. Eggleton petitioned the court of al-
The effigy of Don Blaſs, governor of Porio Bello, dermen, ſetting forth his right to the ſaid elec-
was burnt in many places; and at Chancery-lane tion. On the day following, a rule was made in
end was erected a pageant, repreſenting a Spaniard the court of King's-bench, to fhew cauſe why
on his knees, offering his ſword to admiral Ver a mandamus ſhould not be granted to ſwear in
A view of Porto Bello, and the ſhips and Mr. Eggleron alderman of Bread-ſtreet ward ;
warlike implements. Over the admiral's head and on the cwenty eighth the court of aldermen,
was written, Veni, vidi, vici, and under him theſe by conſent of both parties, returned that neither
words, Semper viret.
party was duly elected. So that the determina-
On the nineteenth a meeting of the livery was tion of the election muſt be tried in the court of
held at Vintner's-hall, to conſider of proper per King's-bench, which was accordingly done in the
fons to repreſent the city in the enſuing parlia Michaelmas term following, in favour of Charles
ment; and a letter was produced from Sir John Ewer, eſq; who was accordingly ſworn in.
Barnard, in which he deſired to be excuſed all On the twelfth of May 1741, the poll ended
further attendance in parliament, on account of at Guildhall for members of parliament for the
his ill ſtate of health. This plea, however, had city of London; when the liſt at Vintner's-hall
no effect on the livery, who, unwilling to loſe ſo carried it by a great majority ; the numbers ſtand-
worthy a member, put him in nomination, toge-
ing thus :
ther with Mr. alderman Parſons, Sir Robert God-
ſchall, and Mr. alderman Heathcote. Death, For the Rt. Hon. Daniel Lambert, eſq; Lord-mayor 3217
however, ſoon after fruſtrated their deſigns, by Sir John Barnard
3769
taking off alderman Parſons, their Lord-mayor,
Sir Robert Godſchall
Alderman Heatchcote
who died on the twenty-firſt of March, in the
3322
Admiral Vernon
fixty-fifth year of his age. In conſequence of Sir Edward Bellamy
which, the next day (being Sunday) a court of
Alderman Perry
1710
aldermen was held at Guildhall, when the queſ-
tion was put, Whether precepts ſhould be iſſued Whereupon the ſheriffs next day declared the
for a new election, which was carried accordingly, four firſt gentlemen duly elected.
And on Monday the twenty-third, a court of huf It having been found, on the great increaſe of
tings was held at Guildhall, by virtue of a pre-
inhabitants of this city, that it was neceſſary for
cept from the Locum Tenens and court of alder the better government thereof, and the more eaſy
men, for the election of a Lord-mayor for the bringing delinquents to puniſhment, to increaſe
reſidue of the year; when the common-hall al the juſtices of peace within the city of London,
moſt unanimouſly returned Sir Robert Godſchall and its liberties, his majeſty, for that purpoſe
and Sir John Barnard to the court of aldermen, was pleaſed to grant the following charter:
who, in oppoſition to the livery, once more re “ George the ſecond, by the grace of God,
jected Sir Robert, and elected Sir John Barnard,
«s of Great-Britain, France, and Ireland, king,
who, in a moft geenteel ſpeech, informed them he
" defender of the faith, &c. To all to whom
was not obliged by the laws of the city to ſerve “ theſe preſents ſhall come, greeting. Whereas
that high office more than once; after which, de. " our royal predeceſſor king Charles I. late king
firing to be excuſed, it was readily granted. They “s of England, by his letters patent, under the
then proceeded to a new election; when the li great ſeal of England, bearing date at Weft-
very returned Sir Robert Godſchall and Daniel minſter, the eighteenth day of October, in the
Lambert, efq; and the aldermen elected the lat « fourteenth year of his reign, did give and
ter by a majority of thirteen to ten. Accordingly “ grant unto the mayor and commonalty, and
that ſame evening at nine o'clock, alderman “ citizens of the city of London, and their ſuc-
Lambert was accepted by the lord-chancellor “ ceffors, amongſt other things, that the then
with the uſual ceremonies; and next day went in mayor and recorder of the ſaid city, and the
great ſtate to the Tower, attended by the twelve mayor and recorder of the ſaid city for the
companies, where, on a booth erected for that e time being, as well as thoſe alderinen who be-
3143
1175
1311
66
cs fore

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
301
6-fore that time had fuftained and borne, as thoſe “ ties of the juſtices of the peace, within the
66 aldermen who thereafter ſhould have ſuſtained “ faid city and liberties, are, by many acts of
56 and borne, the charge and office of mayoralty « parliament, very much increaſed , ſo that the
“c of the ſaid city, although they ſhould ceafe “ petitioners, who are conſtituted juſtices by the
“ from the mayoralty, or ſhould be diſmiſſed " ſaid charter, have, for the more ſpeedy and ef-
" therefrom, ſo long as they ſhould remain alder. « fectual execution of juſtice, agreed amongſt
men there, and the three ſenior aldermen of " themſelves to fit daily, by turns, in the Guild-
“ the ſaid city, for the time being, who ſhould “ hall of the ſaid city, for the public adminiſtra-
66 have been longeſt in the office of aldermanſhip, « tion of juſtice : and that the petitioners moſt
66 and had not before fuſtained and borne the “ humbly conceive it will be for the public uti-
charge and office of mayoralty of that city for “ lity of all our ſubjects within the ſaid city and
ever, ſhould be all and every of them a juſtice “ liberties, and that juſtice may ſtill be more
“6 and juſtices, to preſerve and keep the peace of “ commodiouſly and expeditiouſly adminiſtered,
" the ſaid king, his heirs and ſucceſſors, within “ if the preſent number of juſtices of the peace,
" the ſaid city of London and liberties thereof, "s within the ſaid city of London and liberties
and appointed the ſaid mayor and recorder, for " thereof, was increaſed : and the petitioners fur-
the time being, to be of the Quorum. And " ther repreſent, that the Lord-mayor and re-
es whereas our royal predeceſſors, king William « corder being the only juſtices of the Quorum,
66 and queen Mary, by certain other letters patent, “ if by ſickneſs or other unavoidabl accident, it
“ under their great ſeal of England, bearing date s ſhould happen that neither may be able to attend
66 at Weſtminſter, the 28th day of July, in the " the ſeſſion, great inconveniences may ariſe :
« fourth year of their reign, reciting the ſaid let " the petitioners, therefore, have humbly be-
" ters patent of king Charles I. and reciting ſought us to grant to our good ſubjects, the
66 alſo, that the ſaid mayor and aldermen, by 6 mayor and commonalty and citizens of the
« their humble petition, had repreſented to their 66 faid city, that, for the future, the mayor, re-
“ majeſties, that the number of juſtices of the “ corder, and all the aldermen, for the time be-
“ peace, conſtituted within the ſaid city by the “ ing, may be juſtices of the peace for the ſaid
“ faid letters patent of king Charles I. were ſo “ city of London and liberties thereof; and that
« few, that, by reaſon thereof, it frequently so all thoſe aldermen, for the time being, who
“ happened, that juſtice could not be admini C6 ſhall have borne and ſuſtained the office of
“ ſtered within the ſaid city with ſo much ex " mayoralty of the ſaid city, may be of the Quo-
“ pedition, ſo commodiouſly, and in ſuch a man rum, as well as the mayor and recorder : we
ner, as might be moſt expedient for their faid “ being willing to gratify the petitioners in their
« late majeſty's ſervice, and the utility of their “ requeſt; know ye, therefore, that we, of our
ſubjects: and their faid late majeſties, there ſpecial grace, certain knowledge, and mere
« fore, by their faid recited letters patent, did " motion, have given, granted, and by theſe
« grant to the ſaid mayor and commonalty, and " preſents, for us, our heirs and fucceffors, do
“ citizens of the city of London, and their fuc “ give and grant, to the mayor and commonalty
66 ceffors, that fix other aldermen of the ſaid “ and citizens of the city of London, and their
56 city for the time being, who then were, or for “ ſucceſſors, that the mayor, recorder and all the
" the future ſhould be, next in the office of al " aldermen of the ſaid city of London, for the
" dermanſhip to the three ſenior aldermen men " time being, and every one of them, be for ever
« tioned and conſtituted juſtices of the peace in " hereafter a juſtice or juſtices of the peace of us,
as the ſaid firſt-mentioned charter, and who then “ our heirs and ſucceſſors, within the ſaid city
66 had borne, and thereafter ſhould have borne, " of London and liberties thereof : and we do
" the office of ſheriff of the ſaid city, beſides by theſe preſents, for us, our heirs and ſucceſ.
« and beyond the three ſenior aldermen as afore 6 fors, conſtitute, make, and ordain, the mayor,
« faid, ſhould for ever thereafter be juſtices of “ recorder, and all the aldermen of the ſaid city
" the peace within the ſaid city of London and " of London, for the time being, and every of
« liberties thereof; and theſe ſix aldermen, with " them, or any four of them (of whom the mayor
" the mayor and recorder for the time being, as 6 and recorder, or any one of the aldermen who
k well as thoſe aldermen who had borne the office “ have ſuſtained the office of mayoralty, for the
“ of mayoralty, and the aforeſaid three fenior «« time being, we will ſhall always be one) juſtices
56 aldermen, or any four of them, whereof the “ of us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, within the ſaid
« faid mayor or recorder for the time being to be " city of London and liberties thereof, to keep,
one, are by the faid laſt-recited letters patent “s and cauſe to be kept, all and ſingular ſtatutes
os conſtituted juſtices of the peace for the faid 66 and ordinances, in all their articles, made, and
cicy and liberties, with the ſame powers that « to be made, for the préſervation of the peace,
are granted to the juſtices of the peace of any " of us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, and for the
county of this kingdom, as by the faid ſeveral peaceable ruling and governing the people of
“ recited letters patent (amongſt divers other us, our heirs and ſucceffors, as well within the
matters and things therein contained, rela " ſaid city as the liberties thereof, according to
“ tion being thereto reſpectively had) may
" the form and effect of the ſame ; and to cor-
more fully and largely appear. And whereas 65 rect and puniſh, in the manner preſcribed by
" the Lord-mayor and aldermen of the ſaid city " thoſe ſtatutes and ordinances, all ſuch perſons
« of London have, by their petition, humbly 6 as ſhall be found offending, within the ſaid
“ repreſented unto us, that, ſince the granting of « city and liberties thereof, againſt the form and
" the faid laft-mentioned letters patent, the du « effect of the fame ſtatutes and ordinances, or
any
66

312
HISTORY and S URV E T of LONDON
66
66
56
any or either of them; and to demand fuch bi ſtore the ancient freedom of our conſtitution,
& fufficient ſecurity for the peace, and good be 6 and ſecure it againſt all future attempts either
“ haviour towards us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, " of open or fecret corruption, or of any undue
" and all the ſubjects of us, our heirs and ſucceſ-
66 influence whatſoever.
* fors, of all ſuch perſons who ſhall ſend threat “ And more particularly they recommend that
" nings to any ſubject or ſubjects, of us, our " you will perlift, with unwearied diligence, to
6 heirs or fucceffors, concerning their bodies, or 66 make the earlieſt and ſtrictelt enquiry into the
“ the burning their houſes; and if they refuſe to 66 cauſes of all paſt miſmanagements, and exert
66 find ſuch ſecurity, then to cauſe them to be your utmoſt endeavours to prevent the like for
“ ſafely kept in our goal of Newgate, or in any
66 the future.
other priſon of us, our heirs or fucceffors, in “ And they further expect, that you will ex-
our faid city of London, until they ſhall have " tend ſuch enquiry to all perſons who, in their
found ſuch ſecurity; and to do and perform all " reſpective employments, have contributed to
" and ſingular other matters and things, which “ the complicated evils, which have ſo long op-
any juſtices or keepers of the peace of us, our preſſed and diſhonoured this nation.
" heirs and ſucceſſors, within any county of that 56 And they congratulate themſelves and the
) -
“
or
“
form, by virtue of any ſtatutes and ordinances as of diſtinction will ſoon be loſt among us, and
" of this part of our kingdom of Great-Britain " that from this happy period they may date their
" called England, or by virtue of any commiſſion 66 entire abolition of parties, of which the moſt
56 of us, our heirs and ſucceſſors, to preſerve the pernicious uſe has hitherto been made, to the
peace in any ſuch county. In witneſs whereof “ imıninent danger of our liberties.
we have cauſed theſe our letters to be made “For now they may reaſonably expect, that
patent.
" thoſe who wiſh the real and ſolid ſupport of his
majeſty and his royal family; and are qualified
“ Witneſs John archbiſhop of Canterbury, by their virtues and abilities, may have it in
« and other guardians and juſtices of the " their power to ſerve both their king and country;
kingdom, at Weſtminſter, the 25th day C6 and that no diſtinction will remain but of thoſe
s6 of Auguſt, in the fifteenth year of our " who are friends or enemies to the conſtitution ;
reign.
10 deres " of thoſe who would maintain the freedom
66 and independency of parliament, and of thoſe
About eleven o'clock in the forenoon, on the "s who would ſubject it to corrupt and miniſterial
eighth of September, the wind due ſouth, a pro-
66 influence."
digious hurricane aroſe, which did conſiderable da-
mage to the ſhips and craft in the river Thames; DiAt a general meeting of the independant elec-
it uncovered houſes, threw down chimnies, and tors of the city and liberty of Weftininſter, held
tore up trees by the roots. But the moſt con on the ſeventeenth of February at the Fountain
ſiderable damage was done in the countries. tavern in the Strand, it was unanimouſly agreed
About this time the city of London, and pla that the following repreſentation be delivered
ces adjacent were viſited with an epedemic fever, to the right hon. lord viſcount Percival, and
which carried off great numbers for ſeveral months Charles Edwin, eſq; their repreſentatives in par-
together. The cauſe of it was ſuppoſed to ariſe liament: de
from the heat of the weather, which occaſioned
a coagulation of the blood, or a ſtagnation there “We, the burgeſſes and inhabitants of the
of in the capillary arteries.
city and liberty of Weſtminſter, cannot avoid
The removal of Sir Robert Walpole producing taking the firſt opportunity of paying our moſt
a great change in the miniſtry, the city of Lon grateful acknowledgments for your faithful be-
don, in common-council aſſembled, on the tenth " haviour during this ſhort, but important period
of February, preſented the following inſtructions “ of parliament; and though we have no reaſon
to their repreſentatives in parliament.
“ to doubt your ſteady perſeverance, yet we can-
“ not think it altogether improper to acquaint
To the right hon. Sir Robert Godſchall, you with our ſentiments on the preſent criſis
knt. Lord-mayor, Sir John Barnard, knt. "s of affairs ;---a criſis which we apprehend muſt
Mr. alderman Lambert, and Mr. alder « determine the fate of us and our poſterity, and
man Heathcote.
giugno “ render this kingdom either a glory or ſcoff
among the nationis. stop
• This court doth take this public occaſion to 56 We have beheld, with the deepeſt concern,
“ acknowledge their grateful ſenſe of your vigi-
“ ſuch meaſures purſued for many years paſt, as
56 lant and faithful conduct in parliament, which « have manifeſtly tended to diſgrace the name,
“ hath already contributed to the production of “ betray the intereſts, ruin the trade, weaken
" many good effects.
" the liberties, and depreſs the courage of the
“ As they have now reaſon to hope for a change - Britiſh nation. It is now with the moſt ſenſible
66 of meaſures as well as of men, they deſire you “ pleaſure we behold the agreeable proſpect of
« will ftrenuouſly promote all thoſe falutary laws being delivered from the fatal effects of ſuch
o as are or ſhall be propoſed in the houſe of com " meaſures, by the virtue of a truly Britiſh par-
6 mons, ſuch as the place-bill, a penſion-bill and “ liament, and the removal of thoſe perſons who,
66 the repeal of the ſeptennial act, in order to re ſupported by the influence of corruption (that
canker

HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
313
.
36 canker of our conſtitution) have two long wan “ repeated applications of the ſuffering merchants
" toned in the abuſe of power, and mocked the " for protection and redreſs, their lofſes and mif-
56 calamities of an almoſt deſpairing people. “ fortunes have conſiderably increafed of late,
" But as the melancholy experience of paſt to the impoveriſhing of many of his majeſty's
6 times evinces, that the removal of the perſon “ ſubjects, the great détriment of trade in ge-
«s of a miniſter from the helm, is inſufficient for “ neral, the diminution of his majeſty's revenue,
“ ſecuring the intereſts and liberties of a people, “and the diſhonour of the nation ; that upwards
" while his creatures, his maxims, and his views, “ of three hundred ſhips and veſſels have been
« are entailed upon the government; we there " taken, (the greateſt part of them in or near the
“ fore hope you will moſt ſtrenuouſly oppoſe “ Britiſh channel and ſoundings) and carried into
" them, and endeavour to procure us ſuch a con-
“ St. Sebaſtian, and other adjacent ports ; by
“ ftitutional ſecurity, as may prevent this king " which numbers of his majeſty's moſt uſeful
" dom from ſuffering by the like errors or iniqui ſubjects have been reduced to want and im-
66 ties for the future.
priſonment, or, compelled by inhuman treats
“ As the ſtricteſt enquiry only can fatisfy, ſo ment, and deſpairing of a cartel for the ex-
nothing but the moſt rigorous juſtice ought to “ change of priſoners, have inliſted in the ſervice
avenge an injured people ; it is therefore we “ of Spain; that the petitioners apprehend, that
“ earneſtly intreat you to make a diligent ſcrutiny “ moſt of theſe misfortunes might have been
s into the authors of thoſe grievances we have ſo prevented, conſidering the weakneſs of our
long groaned under, and not ſuffer impunity enemy at fea, had a few of his majeſty's ſhips
to be the lot of the oppreffor: juſtice is a duty so of war been properly ſtationed, and the com-
you owe to poftericy, as examples are moſt « manders kept ſtrictly to their duty; a neglect,
likely to prevent future evils. Should the dif " which appears the more ſurprizing, as there
“ turber of the public be permitted the enjoy was a precedent of an act of parliament in
ment of private tranquillity, or his influence 1707, expreſsly made for thoſe purpoſes, in-
« remain in thoſe counſels from which his perſon titled, An act for the better ſecuring the trade o£
* is removed, we conceive that ſuch an event at " this kingdom, by cruizers and convoys: chat
" this juncture muſt give a fatal encouragement,
by means of this neglect, and the many va-
or rather ſanction to a wanton and wicked ex « luable prizes the Spaniards have made, they
" erciſe of power in all ſucceeding miniſters. “ have been encouraged and enabled to fit out
6 Lenity to ſuch an one would be cruelty to the - ſuch numbers of privateers from St. Sebaſtian
« nation ; and the calling to a ſevere account the " and Bilboa, excluſive of other ports, as to ren-
6 inſtruments of pernicious meaſures, however “ der the navigation to and from theſe kingdoms
unavailing to procure us reparation for what is " every day more and more dangerous; and that
pait, may have the happy effect of henceforth “ the preſent great and unexpected power of the
preventing the like violations of the conſtitu- “ enemy, in the Mediterranean gives the peti-
" tion, the like profuſion of public treaſure at « tioners reaſon to apprehend, that their trade is
“ home, and the like proſtitution of the public “ become extremely precarious in thoſe parts ;
" faith and honour abroad.
" that there have been various neglects and de-
“ We zealouſly recommend to your endea “ lays in the appointment and ſending out of con-
vours the extirpating thoſe party diſtinctions, voys; and that out of thoſe few, which have
« which, though their foundation have long « been granted, ſome of the commanders have
« ceaſed to exiſt, were yet ſo induſtriouſly fo. “ paid fo little regard to the ſhips under their
« mented among us, in order to ſerve the miſ care, that they have deferted them at ſea, and
s chievous purpoſes of a miniſterial tyranny, and “ left them as a prey to the enemy: and praying
" in oppoſition to the real and permanent intereſts 66 leave further to repreſent, that the navigation
" of the preſent royal family. The common in " to and from ſeveral of his majeſty's colonies has
“ cereſt, it is hoped, has now united all parties " often been much expoſed to the enemy, and
« and perſuaſions, and every man will be regarded 66 that many fhips have been taken in the Ame-
s only as he prefers the welfare and liberties of “ rican ſeas by their privateers, principally owing,
« his country to any private dependence or venal as the petitioners preſume, to a want of a ſuf-
66 conſideration whatever."
66 ficient number of fhips, or of proper care iit
“ fome of his majeſty's commanders, ſtationed
The merchants and traders of the city of Lon “ in thoſe parts ; that many fhips have been
don, finding themſelves greatly oppreſſed by the brought into danger by the arbitrary impreſſing
Spaniſh privateers, owing to the bad conduct of 6 of their ableft hands out of the homeward bound
the admiralty in not granting them proper convoys ſhips before they had made the land, or ar-
and cruizers to protect their ſhips, preſented a “ rived to a place of ſafety ; and out of the oue-
petition to both houſes of parliament on the 2oth 56 ward-bound ſhips, in the proſecution of their
of January, in which they ſet forth, “ that the pe voyages; and praying leave to aſſure the houſe,
" titioners, with the utmoſt concern, have found " that they do not complain of ſuch captures as
“ the mſelves under the neceſſity of repreſenting are the unavoidable conſequence of a war, bus
to the houſe that the navigation and commerce " of ſuch only as have been occaſioned by a want
« of theſe kingdoms have been continually ex " of due care for the protection of trade, which
"s poſed to the growing infolence of the Spaniſh " has, during the whole war, laboured under an
“ privateers, from the commencement of this apparent neglect and diſregard; nor ſhall they
“ juſt and neceſſary war ; that during its whole ever be induced, either by their paft misfor-
progreſs and continuance, notwithſtanding the tunes or future apprehenſions, ſo far to forget
27
K k k k
their
66
52
56
5

314
HISTORY and SURVEY of İ ONDON.
66 fit.
66
" their duty to his majeſty and the legiſlature, as 66 and the poffeffion of ſuch a pledge as may efa
once to repine or murmur at the preſent war - fectually ſecure the freedom of navigation to
with Spain, which his majeſty and theſe king our lateſt poſterity : and therefore intreating
o doms are ſo neceſſarily engaged in, and upon " the houſe to take the calamitous ſtate of trade,
“ the vigorous proſecution of which the intereſt « occaſioned by the grievances complained of,
"s of the Britiſh trade and the freedom of naviga " into their conſideration : and that the houſe
« tion fo evidently depend; and praying the " would be pleaſed to make ſuch a proviſion, for
« houſe to take the premiſes into their conſidera Cs the future ſecurity of the navigation and com-
“ tion, that ſuch proviſion may be made for the “ merce of theſe kingdoms, as they ſhall think
« future protection of the trade and Navigation
" of theſe kingdoms as the houſe ſhall think fit;
cs and that the petitioners may be heard by them In conſequence of theſe petitions, the Lord-
“ felves or council thereupon."
mayor and Sir John Barnard were ordered to pre-
pare and bring in a bill for protecting and ſecur-
This petition was cloſely followed by another ing the trade and navigation of this kingdom in
of the fame tendency from the city of London, times of war. The citizens and merchants were
which was preſented by the ſheriffs on the twenty ſo elated at this order of the houſe, that they
ſixth of the ſame month ; ſetting forth, “ that, teſtified the ſame by the moſt public rejoicings.
at a time when a feeble enemy holds our naval On the twenty fixth of June 1742, Sir Robert
power in deriſion, and the conduct and diſtri- Godſchall, Lord-mayor of the city of London,
« bution of our ſhips of war are the ſubject of died of a violent fever. He was fucceeded as
" univerſal cenſure, to remain unconcerned and mayor by George Heathcote, eſq; and as mem-
« ſilent, would ill become the repreſentative body ber of parliament, by William Calvert, efq;
“ of this great metropolis, which fo ſenſibly At a court of common-council held the twen-
« ſhares in every public misfortune; that the peti-ty-firſt of October, the following inſtructions
« tioners therefore beg leave humbly to repreſent were drawn up, approved of, and ordered to be
o to the houſe, that it is with the utmoſt grief preſented to the city repreſentatives in parliament.
" they have ſeen the navigation and commerce of
" theſe kingdoms fo conſtantly interrupted, on To the right hon. George Heathcote, eſq;
our own coaſts, and almoſt in fight of our Lord-mayor, Sir John Barnard, knt. and
6 late powerful naval armaments, by the priva-
alderman, Mr. alderman Lambert, and
us teers of Spain, to the ruin of our trade, the
Mr. alderman Calvert.
enriching of the enemy, and the diſgrace of
as the Britiſh name ; that the loſſes hereby « In the preſent unhappy conjuncture, when
« fuſtained, the manner in which applications 56 the domeſtic enemies of theſe kingdoms are
os for redreſs have been often evaded, and other flattering themſelves, that, by the late aftoniſh-
« numerous inſtances of negligence and diſre “ing example of unpuniſhed treachery, and
s6 gard of the commercial intereſt of theſe king “ corruption, the nation muſt be driven to def-
“ doms, (whilſt a neighbouring nation is every “ pair, and abandon all thoughts of any future
day converting theſe errors to their own ad “ efforts for the ſupport and ſecurity of the pub-
« vantage) have given the petitioners the moſt “ lic liberty; We, the Lord-mayor, aldermen and
“ dreadful apprehenſions, left our trade, the commons of the city of London, in common.
«s foundation of our wealth and power, and which " council aſſembled, think it our indiſpenſible
" has formerly enabled us to maintain the liber “ duty to declare, in this moſt folemn manner,
“ ties of Europe, ſhould be transferred into the " that as we were fully ſenſible how advantage-
« hands of our potent and dangerous rival; that " ouſly this nation has hitherto been diſtinguiſh-
“ the petitioners cannot but obſerve with concern, “ ed, by its freedom, from the reſt of mankind,
« that thoſe ſhips of war, which they might rea we will not, by ſupineneſs, reſign our claim to
« ſonably have expected would have been em « ſo invaluable a bleſſing ; but that we will ftill
“ ployed in protecting our trade, have not as perſevere, with the ſame uniform and unſhaken
es contributed either thereto, or to the intereſt reſolution, againſt the malice of our undif-
« or honour of the nation : and that the peti guiſed enemies, and the falfhood of our pre-
"
s tended friends, whoſe ſhameful union and con-
fleet
,
" more ingloriouſly putting to ſea, without the “ time that they ſerve to increaſe our apprehen-
appearance of any enterprize in view, or even “ fions, ſhall redouble our attention and zeal for
ss the poſſibility of meeting an enemy worthy of " the defence and preſervation of all our conſti-
« its attention, whilft our trading vefſels have « tutional rights. We, therefore, addreſs our-
« been daily expoſed in the Britiſh channel and “ ſelves to you, our worthy repreſentatives in
“ foundings to the privateers of a place ſo incon parliament, and, with the moſt grateful ac-
« fiderable as St. Sebaſtian's. And that, not “ knowledgments of your former meritorious
« withſtanding theſe various ſubjects of com “ conduct, take this occaſion of laying our fen-
“ plaint, the petitioners beg the houſe to believe, 6 timents before you.
" that they do not hereby intend to ſignify the • We cannot but lament that means have been
“ leaſt deſire of peace with Spain, until his ma “ uſed to defeat our hopes of a ſpeedy and effec-
" jeſty ſhall, by a vigorous proſecution of the “ tual reformation. We had long ſeen the great
FORF, have obtained from the enemy an ample concerns of the kingdom all perverted to the fin-
to acknowledgment of his people's juſt rights, gle purpoſe of maintaining power in one hand.
66
60
66
With

HISTORY and SURVEY of ONDON.
315
(G
66
• With this pernicious deſign our wealth has « deſires of the people, who aſk no more than
“ been exhauſted, our trade neglected, our honour juſtice and the re eſtabliſhment of the Britiſh
“ proſtituted, and the independency of parlia s conſtitution, can alone give weight and ſucceſs
ment invaded ; at length, after a continued to his majeſty's councils and meaſures, can
ſtruggle of twenty-years, when we had reaſon 66 alone recover the loft confidence of our antient
to expect that the happy period of our deliver “ allies, and ſtrike terror into our moſt powerful
ance was at hand, that each offender would (6 enemies. We therefore apply to you now,
" have received the chaſtiſement due to his 66 with all the urgent ſollicitations of men fully
o crimes, and ſuch regulations have been eſta co convinced that their all is at ſtake, the rights
bliſhed as would have ſecured us from the likes and privileges of ourſelves and poſterity, with
«s enormities in time to come, how great was our |“ every valuable advantage purchaſed for us by
ſurprize to find, that ſome of thoſe, who, un “ the blood of our anceſtors, conjuring you to
" der a maſk of integrity, and by diffembling a poſtpone every other conſideration, particu-
so zeal for their country, had long acquired the larly the ſupplies for the current ſervice of the
largeſt ſhare of its confidence, ſhould, with enſuing year, till you have renewed the ſecret
s out the leaſt heſitation or ſeeming remorſe, committee of enquiry; procured an effectual
greedily embrace the firſt occaſion to diſgrace 66 bill to reduce and limit the number of place-
o all their former conduct, and, in defiance of " men in the houſe of commons ; reſtored the
"s the moſt folemn proteſtations, openly conſpire, frequency of elections, and reſtrained the abuſe
us with the known enemies of the public, to de " of power in returning officers. Yet, after
s fraud the nation of that juſtice and ſecurity, “ theſe falutary proviſions, when you ſhall think
" which they themſelves had ſo often and ſo pe “ fit to grant the ſupplies, at the ſame time have
si remptorily declared was indiſpenſibly neceſſary “ fome regard to their application. A nacion
s to its preſervation and ſupport?
"s burdened with taxes, oppreſſed with debts,
“ Amidſt theſe melancholy confiderations, we " and almoſt exhauſted by one laviſh adminiſtra-
66 have the ſatisfaction to find, that the general - tion, can but ill undergo a freſh profuſion of
« cenſure and indignation have ſo immediately "s its treaſure in the parade of numerous land
" purſued theſe betrayers of their truſt, that few armies, and the hire of foreign forces, without
s have been miſled by their pretences ; and that " the appearance of any ſervice in the behalf of
“ they ſucceed in the public hatred thoſe they “his majeſty's Britiſh dominions.
“ have ſcreened, though they have not, as yet, “ Theſe points alone can give ſafety to the
ſucceeded to their power. And we may reaſon kingdom, and appeaſe the general diſcontents;
ably expect a more fortunate iſſue in the ap " and the vigorous proſecution of them, in con-
proaching ſeſſions, ſince many of thoſe crimes currence with all true friends of the public,
" which have ſo long excited the juſt reſentment (independent of party, or of any other invi-
ss of the public, are now inconteftibly evinced “ duous diſtinction whatſoever) will inſure to
a to all mankind, notwithſtanding the various “ yourſelves the lafting favour and affection of
« artifices put in practice to conceal and protect " this great metropolis."
" them : for it cannot now be a doubt that
" our troops, under the extremeſt diſtreſs in On the twentieth of December a cauſe was
56 an unhealthy climate, were defrauded, by tried before lord chief juſtice Willes, in which
« colluſive contracts, of their juft pay; that the
of weavers were plaintiffs, and Mr.
power of an adminiſtration hath been ap Thomas Handycraft, defendant, who refuſed to
plied to corrupting of returning officers, the be of the livery of the company, not being free
purchaſing of votes, and the ſubverſion of of the city. It appearing, however, that every
« charters ; and that immenſe ſums of that pub member of a company is eligible to the livery,
“ lic treaſure, which was appropriated to the though not free of the city, a verdict was given in
66 ſupport of the civil government, have been favour of the plaintiffs.
partly ſecreted, and partly converted to purpo Another cauſe was tried on an action brought
« ſes injurious to the dignity of the crown, and by one Anthony Wright againſt William Ayres,
" deſtructive of our happy conſtitution.
the lefſee of the toll on London-bridge, who had
" We therefore moft earneſtly entreat, that, received and inſiſted upon a preſcriptive right co
this important criſis, you will not ſuffer receive two-pence for the paſſage of each care
yourſelves to be amuſed with diſtant objects, laden with one ton weight, or upwards, paſſing
56 which of late have been ſo fpeciouſly dreſſed up over the bridge. After many learned arguments
" with all the arts of fallacy and deluſion ; but, on both ſides, it appearing by the evidence that
“ whatever plea may be offered in behalf of our the uſage had been to take one-penny only for a
“ ſafety abroad, be perſuaded that ſecurity at a cart with two horſes, although laden with a con
s6 home is the firſt point which merits your con or upwards, a verdict was given in favour of the
ſideration; that the gratifying the reaſonable plaintiff.
Dorot tudtones
sill: torved as a ***
Euro Sen an Aoteam
021
be
braut avis to be
СНАР.
Lists in flori 18 to 2007
anging bus IOSREDO
66
66
92
che company
at

316
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
CHAPTER XLII.
Birth of prince William Henry. City addreſs to his majeſty on the occaſion. French invaſion
intended. War declared againſt France. Combination of journeymen taylors. Proclamation
for detecting ſtreet-robbers. Act of parliament for better lighting the city. Fire at Shad-
Thames. Letter from the duke of Newcaſtle to the Lord-mayor concerning a rebellion.
Proclamation againſt papiſts. The city guarded by the militia. Voluntary ſubſcriptions for
the army. Aſociation of lawyers. Quakers ſubſcribe to the army. A regiment of lawyers
The rebels defeated. Duke of Cumberland preſented with the freedom of the city. Execu-
tion of the earl of Kilmarnock, lord Balmerino, Charles Ratcliffe, and Simon lord Lovat.
Corporation for clerg ymens widows. Election of members of parliament. Great fire in Corn-
bill. Ordinances
for electing Sheriff's.
A
a
66 line.
BOUT the time his majeſty returned " that your majeſty's reign may be long and glo-
from his German dominions, her royal Crious over a free, dutiful, and united people;
highneſs the princeſs of Wales was fafely " and that the ſceptre of theſe realms may always
delivered of a prince on the fourteenth of No “ remain in your royal family."
vember, who was baptized by the name of Wil-
liam Henry; and his majeſty's daughter, the And on the 15th of December, the ſaid court
princeſs Louiſa being married about the ſame waited on their royal higneſſes the prince and
time to the prince royal of Denmark, the citi- princeſs of Wales, whom they addreſſed in the
zens of London in common-council aſſembled, following manner :
agreed to addreſs his majeſty on theſe ſeveral oc-
caſions. Accordingly on the nineteenth, the Lord « May it pleaſe your royal highneſſes,
mayor, aldermen and common-council waited
on his majeſty at St. James's, and preſented him “ We, the Lord.mayor, aldermen, and com-
with the following congratulations :
mon-council-men of the city of London, hum-
“ bly beg leave to preſent our moſt hearty con.
“ Moſt gracious ſovereign,
gratulations, upon the ſafe delivery and happy
“s recovery of madam, your royal highneſs, and
“ We, your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal ss the increaſe of your illuſtrious family, by the
ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com " birth of another prince; an event, which muſt
mons, of the city of London, in common-coun greatly contribute to our happineſs, as it
« cil afſembled, moſt humbly approach your “ ſtrengthens our preſent conftitution, and yields
" throne with hearts full of the fincereſt wiſhes further proſpect of its continuance in the
“ for the honour and proſperity of your ſacred « proteſtant ſucceſſion of his majeſty's royal
perſon and government, and beg leave to offer
our moſt hearty congratulations upon your “ We cannot ſufficiently expreſs our joy when
ſafe return to theſe your Britiſh dominions. we reflect on the many eminent virtues, which,
" Permit us, royal Sir, at the ſame time to ex we promiſe ourſelves, will be tranſmitted from
preſs our joy, that your happy arrival hath been “ your royal highneſſes to your poſterity; form-
es bleſſed with the ſafe delivery of her royal high " ed with the ſame generous and benevolent dif-
* neſs the princeſs of Wales of a prince : an au " poſitions, for which you are ſo univerſally ad-
6 ſpicious omen and further pledge of our future " mired; and inſtructed by the ſame great ex-
happineſs by the increaſe of your royal progeny, amples to pay a dutiful obedience to his ma-
" to defend our religion, laws, and liberties, and jefty, and a tender regard for the liberties of
protect our trade and commerce, always confid-
« his ſubjects.
“ ing that a race of princes, deſcending from " Permit us likewiſe, Sir, to make uſe of this
your majeſty, will be ever mindful to preſerve opportunity, to return you our particular
s theſe bleſſings to our lateſt pofterity.
" thanks for the repeated declarations of your
“ We further beg leave to congratulate your 66 attachment to the intereſts and welfare of our
66 majeſty upon the marriage of your royal daugh “ city, of which you have ſo graciouſly conde-
“ ter the princeſs Louiſa to the prince royal of « fcended to become a member, and wich minds
* Denmark, by which alliance we have reaſon “ truly ſenſible of the high honour of your
si to hope that the proteſtant intereſt in Europe princely patronage and protection, we offer up
36 will be more firmly united.
our conſtant prayers, that your royal highneſſes
“ We ſhall ever think it our indiſpenſable du may enjoy all happineſs and proſperity; and
ty to pray, that the hearts and affections of
" that your deſcendants may ſucceſſively con-
your loyal ſubjects may be the juſt and grateful “ tinue the bleſſings derived from you to the
reward of
your paternal care and protection;
“ lateſt poſterity."
On
(6

HISTORY and SURVEY -of LONDON. 4
317
66
66
૮૮
66
7
66
66
On the eighteenth of February. 1744, his ma paternal care and vigilance, not to give your
jeſty having informed both houſes of parliament, " majeſty the ſtrongeſt aſſurances of our higheſt
and the Lord-mayor of London, that he had gratitude for ſuch invaluable bleſſings ; nor
received undoubted intelligence of the pretender's can we doubt, but by the bleſſing of God upon
eldeſt ſon intending to invade this kingdom thro' your majeſty's arms, and the unanimous ſup-
the ſupport of France, the Lord-mayor, alder port of your faithful ſubjects, the attempts of
men and common-council, on this occaſion pre your faithful ſubjects, the attempts of your
ſented his majeſty with the following addreſs : " enemies will recoil upon themſelves, and end
66 in their own confuſion-
co Moft gracious fovereign,
“ We therefore humbly beg leave to declare
We, your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal to your majeſty our unſhaken reſolution, that
ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com we will, on this critical conjuncture, exert our
mons of the city of London, in common coun utnioſt endeavours for the ſupport of public
"cil aſſembled, having heard, that attempts are “ credit, and at all times hazard our lives and
forming by the common difturbers of the peace « fortunes, in defence of your majeſty's ſacred
" and tranquillity of Europe, in favour of a perſon and government, and for the ſecurity
popiſh pretender, to interrupt that happineſs w of the proteſtant ſucceſſion in your royal fa-
we thankfully enjoy under your majeſty's go 6 mily.”
vernment, humbly beg leave to take this ear Many other addrefſes were preſented on this
« lieft opportunity, to expreſs our greateſt con occaſion, particularly from the lieutenancy of
cern for, and abhorrence of this indignity in London, the city of Weſtminſter, Briſtol, Ro-
« tended againſt your majeſty and theſe king- cheſter, Leiceſter, Poole, the univerſity of Cam-
c doms.
,
66 , , On the 25th of February a proclamation was
so the bleſſing of God on your majeſty's arms, iſſued, commanding all papiſts to depart the cities
our enemies will be diſappointed in their ex of London and Weſtminſter, and within ten
pectations. As your majeſty's ſubjects muſt miles of the fame; for confining papiſts and re-
“ be too ſenſible of the bleſſings of Liberty, pro puted papiſts to their habitations'; for ſeizing the
perty, and the free exerciſe of their religion, arms and horſes from ſuch as refuſe to take the
" which they enjoy under your moſt auſpicious | oaths, &c. And for putting the laws in execu-
reign, to exchange them for a certain arbitrary tion againſt the inſtigators of tumultuous pro-
" and tyrannical government; ſo the loyalty and ceedings.
66 unanimity of your faithful ſubjects, will greatly On the thirty-firſt of March his majeſty's de-
s6 tend to diſcourage theſe deſperate endeavours claration of war was proclaimed againſt France ac
to deſtroy and ſubvert our excellent conſtitu the uſual places, and with the accuſtomed cere-
« tion. We therefore beg leave moſt humbly to monies on ſuch occaſions.
" affure your majeſty, of our firm and fincereft A great number of journeymen ſtay-makers and
“ attachment to your ſacred perſon and govern taylors having entered into a combination not to
ment, and our preſent happy eſtabliſhment in work for the wages eſtabliſhed by law, and the
16 church and ſtate, and that no endeavours of ſame being repreſented to his majeſty, the privy-
ours ſhall, even at the hazard of our lives and council on the eighteenth of September, by his
"
fortunes, be wanting to fruſtrate theſe attempts, majeſty's command, wrote a letter to the duke of
to the prejudice of both, and to ſecure the laws Newcaſtle, Cuſtos Rotulorum of the county of
" and liberties of this country, and the proteſ- || Middleſex, requiring his grace to recommend the
tant ſucceſſion in your majeſty's moſt illuftrious || juſtices of the peace to carry into execution the
es houſe, to lateſt generations.
act of 7th George I. for preventing all unlawful
afſemblies and combinations. Letters to the ſame
This addreſs was foon followed by another purport were ſent to the conſtable of the Tower,
from the merchants of the city of London ; and to the Lord-mayor of London. In conſe-
which runs thus:
quence of which the juſtices miet on the twenty-
ſixth, and came to the following reſolutions :
We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal " that if any journeyman ſhould refuſe to work
ſubjects, the merchants of your city of Lon “ for the wages fettled by act of parliament, he
" don having obſerved, by your majeſty's moſt 66 ſhould be committed to hard labour for two
gracious meſſage to your parliament, that de " months: and that the maſter that paid more
ſigns are carrying on by your majeſty's enemies, " than the act allowed, ſhould forfeit five
« in favour of a popiſh pretender, to diſturb the “ pounds."
peace and quiet of theſe your majeſty's king The ſtreets of the city of London were this
doms, think it our indiſpenſable duly, not to winter fo peftered with the moſt daring ftreet-
« omit this opportunity of expreſing our juft || robbers, that it became dangerous to thoſe whoſe
sa reſentment and indignation at fo rafh an at buſineſs called them out after dark. And to fuch
tempt.
a pitch of inſolence had they ariſen, that they went
" We have too lively a ſenſe of the happineſs to the houſes of the peace officers, and made them
we enjoy in our religion and liberties under beg pardon for endeavouring to apprehend them;
your majeſty's mild and auſpicious reign, and of and many, whoſe lives they had threatened, were
the flouriſhing condition of our trade and com obliged to ſecure themſelves by taking ſhelter in
merce, even in the midst of
your
Bridewell.
27
L111
For
&5
66
war, under

318
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
CG
66
46 curity
For the immediate ſuppreſſion of theſe deſpe and above all other rewards, to be paid by the
rate villains, and the preſervation of the citizens, lords of the treaſury, for the apprehenſion of
the Lord-mayor and aldermen, on the thirteenth any perſon or perſons found guilty of robbery or
of October, waited on his majeſty with the fol murder.
lowing addreſs :
This was followed by an act of parliament ob.
tained by the citizens for the better enlightening
“ Moſt gracious ſovereign,
the city, which in the preamble ſets forth as fol-
lows: “ Whereas to prevent the committing of
“We, your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal “ murders, robberies, burglaries, felonies, and
« ſubjects, the court of Lord-mayor and alder 16 other crimes of a heinous nature, in the night
“ men of the city London, having taken into " ſeaſon, in the ſtreets, lanes, paſſages, and
“ conſideration che many diſorders and robberies courts within the city of London, and the li-
66 which have been committed within theſe few “ berties thereof, an act of parliament was made
“ weeks laſt paſt, in the ſtreets of your loyal " and paſſed in the ninth year of the reign of his
metropolis, beg leave to approach your chrone, “ preſent majeſty, for the better enlightening the
" and humbly to repreſent to your moſt ſacred “ ſtreets of the city of London: And whereas
majeſty,
" the proviſions made by the ſaid act have been
“ That divers confederacies of great numbers “ found defective, and inſufficient to anſwer the
ss of evil diſpoſed perfons, armed with bludgeons, ſeveral ends and purpoſes thereby intended :
piſtols, cutlaſſes, and other dangerous weapons, “ wherefore, and to the end the good purpoſes
“ infeſt not only the private lanes and paſſages, os intended by the ſaid act may be carried on,
“ but likewiſe the publick ſtreets and places of " and fully executed, for the ſafety and preſerva-
u uſual concourſe, and commit moſt daring out - tion of the citizens and inhabitants of the ſaid
rages upon the perſons of your majeſty's good city, the mayor, aldermen, and commonally
“ ſubjects, whoſe affairs oblige them to paſs thro? “ of the city of London, in common-council al-
" the ſtreets, by terrifying, robbing, and wound ſembled, do moſt humbly befeech your majeſty
" them; and theſe facts are frequently at ſuch " that it may be enacted ; and be it enacted by
“ times as we heretofore deemed hours of fe “ the king's moſt excellent majeſty, by and with
as the advice and conſent of the lords fpiritual
" That the officers of juſtice have been re. " and temporal, and commons, in this preſent
pulſed in the performance of their duty, ſome " parliament aſſembled, and by the authority of
" of whom have been ſhot at, ſome wounded, " the ſame, that ſuch a convenient and ſufficient
" and others murdered, in endeavouring to dif " number of glaſs lamps, of ſuch fort and
cover and apprehend the ſaid perſons; by which “ faſhion, as the mayor, aldermen, and com-
means many are intimidated from duly execuc monalcy of the ſaid city, in common-council
ing their offices, and others put in manifeſt "s afſembled, ſhall think proper and requiſite,
es danger of their lives.
* ſhall from time to time be erected, fixed, feť
“ Theſe unhappy circumſtances do, as we ap “ up, and lighted, in ſuch parts and places,
"s prehend, tend greatly to weaken the hands 56 within the ſaid city or liberties thereof, as to
“ of the magiſtrates, and render the laws inef " the ſaid mayor, aldermen, and commonally,
66 fectual.
“ in common.council aſſembled, thall feem meer
" It is to us a moſt alarming conſideration, " and expedient."
“ and matter of great grief, that theſe crimes
56 ſhould, in ſo ſhort a time, have grown to ſo It likewiſe enacted, that the rates for defray-
great a height; and we beg leave humbly to ing the charges of erecting, maintaining, &c. the
aſſure your majeſty, that we will vigoroudy, ſaid lights ſhall be ſettled by the Lord-mayor, al-
" and with the utmoſt diligence, apply ourſelves dermen and common-council, ſo as they do not
66 to reſtrain theſe violences, and detect the au exceed fix-pence in the pound, nor fifty ſhillings
66 chors of them.
on any one perſon in the whole, in any one year:
" Permit us, Sir, to expreſs our hopes, that with a right of appeal to the court of Lord-
“ a ſpeedy, rigorous, and exemplary execution mayor and aldermen in caſe of being aggrieved,
“ of the laws upon the perſons of offenders, which appeal to be determined in ten days with-
as they ſhall fall into the hands of juſtice, may,
And it likewiſe enacts, that houſes let
« under your majeſty's princely wiſdom, conduce into tenements ſhall pay to the lamps ; that the
“ greatly to the ſuppreſſing thoſe enormities, by | aſſeſſment ſhall be allowed the tenant by his land-
ſtriking terror into the wicked, and prevent-
lord.
ing others from entering into ſuch evil courſes. Another act of parliament paſſed this year for
“ We thought it our indiſpenſible duty to lay || preventing the abuſes and annoyances ariſing from
45 theſe facts, and our apprehenſions upon them, carts within the weekly bills of mortality. In
“ before your majeſty ; not doubting but we ſhall which it was enacted, “ That no perſon ſhall drive
" receive effectual ſupport, and your good fub any cart within the bills of mortality, un-
jects all poſſible ſecurity, from your majeſty's « leſs the owner place upon ſome conſpicuous
authority and fatherly protection.”
part the name of the owner, and the number
of ſuch cart, in order that the driver may be
In conſequence of this addreſs his majeſty, on “ the more eaſily convicted for any diſorder.
the ninth of January, iſſued a proclamation, “ Every owner of ſuch cart reſiding within the
promiſing a reward of one hundred pounds over limits aforeſaid, ſhall enter his name and place
<5
&
S6
out fee.
46 of

HISTORY and SURV E r of LONDON.
gig
6C
66 of abode, with the commiſſioners for licenſing « Bridge-ſtreet, Parliament-ftreet, George-ſtreet,
hackney-coaches, for which entry he fhall pay " St. Margaret-ſtreet; or Abingdon-ſtreet, in the
one ſhilling and no more.
as the city of Weſtminſter; or ſtay in any of the
" If any perſon drive any cart within the limits " ſaid ſtreets, with any wheel carriage, longer
66 aforeſaid, not numbered and entered as before " than is reaſonable to wait to take or fet down
“ directed, he ſhall forfeit forty ſhillings, and it “ his fare, or to load and unload goods; and
« ſhall be lawful for any perſon to ſeize and de 6 every perſon having the care of ſuch wheel car-
“ tain the cart, or any of the horſes, till ſuch riage offending, and being convicted either by
" penalty be paid.
" confeffion or by oath of one witneſs, before
is It ſhall be lawful for any perſon uſing any “ any juſtice of peace for Weſtminſter, ſhall for
cart as aforeſaid, having the wheels of the every offence, forfeit any ſum not exceeding
« breadth of ſix inches when worn, to have the twenty ſhillings, and not leſs than five ſhillings,
66 fame bound with ſtreaks of iron, provided
or be committed to the houſe of correction in
“ ſuch ſtreaks be of the breadth of fix inches, “ Weſtminſter, to be kept to hard labour for
" and made flat, and not ſet on with roſe-headed any time not exceeding one kalendar month, as
“ nails.” And by ſtat. 30 Geo. II. it was fur “ fuch juſtice ſhall order.
ther enacted, “ That the juſtices of the peace “ If the driver of any carriage in the cities of
“ of the city of London Mall, at the general
" London or Weſtminſter, or in any public ſtreet
66 ſeſſions of the peace holden for the city of or common highway within the weekly bills of
« London next after the twenty-fourth of June “ mortality, by negligence or wilful miſbehaviour
“ in every year, aſſeſs prices for the carriage of interrupt the free paſſage in any of the public
s goods taken up in the city of London, as from
as ſtreets in London or Weſtminſter, or in any
“ the city of London to the city of Weſtminſter, public ſtreets or common highways within the
or any other place not exceeding the diſtance " ſaid weekly bills of mortality, every ſuch dri-
56 of three miles from the city of London; and ver, being convicted either by confeſſion of,
“ make rules for governing ſuch carts, &c. and " or by oath of one witneſs, before any juſtice
s the drivers ; and compel payment for carriage
“ of the county, &c. wherein the offence is com-
« of goods by ſuch licenſed carts, &c. accord « mitted, ſhall for every offence forfeit any ſum
“ ing to the prices aſſeſſed, annex penalties for - not exceeding twenty ſhillings, or be commit-
" breach of any ſuch rules, not exceeding five " ed to the houſe of correction, or fome other
pounds for any one offence, as to the major priſon of the county, &c. in which ſuch of-
part of the juſtices at ſuch ſeſſions ſhall ſeem “ fence is committed, or the offender apprehend-
meet; and at any other ſuch ſeſſions of the "ed, to be kept to hard labour for any time not
peace in London, alter ſuch rules, and make exceeding one kalendar month, as ſuch juſtice
new ones. All which rules ſhall, within thirty
66 ſhall order."
“ days after, be printed and affixed in ſome pub-
“ lic places of the city of London, and be made On the fourteenth of May 1745, a fire broke
public in ſuch manner as the ſaid juſtices in out at a fail-makers in Shad Thames, occaſioned
"s feffions ſhall order.
by a pot of tar boiling over, which not only con-
“ No perſons ſhall wilfully obſtruct the paſſing fumed the ſhop in which it began, but being
" and repaſſing in any public ſtreets, lanes, or cloſe to the river, communicated itſelf to the
paſſages, within the limits beforementioned, Berwick, captain Kemp, a ſhip of three hundred
or ſet any empty caſks or other veſſels in any tons, which it burnt to the water's edge, together
s ſuch ſtreets, &c. (except for ſuch time only as with ſeveral lighters ; and the flames were fora-
" is neceſſary for the removing thereof to or from pid on ſhore, that in leſs than three hours near
any place, or for the trimming thereof) or fet thirty houſes were entirely deſtroyed, beſides a
any empty cart or other carriage, in any ſuch great number which were conſiderably damaged.
66 ſtreet, &c. except only during ſuch time as On the tenth of June Edward Gibbon, alder-
any ſuch cart, &c. is plying for hire in the man of Vintry ward, begged permiſſion of the
6 places appointed by the perſons authorized to court to reſign his gown on account of his con-
as appoint the ſtandings thereof, and except
ftant reſidence in the country; which being grant-
as during ſuch time as any ſuch cart, &c. is ed, he was ſucceeded in his office by Criſp Gaf-
66
waiting in any ſuch ſtreet, &c. to load and coigne, eſq;
s6 unload goods or commodities, or to take up or
On the fifth of September, the Lord-mayor
ſer down a fare ; and every perſon offending received a letter, in his majeſty's name, from the
65 and convicted by confeſſion, or by oath of one duke of Newcaſtle, informing him that one of
« witneſs, before any juſtice of the peace of the the pretender's fons had erected a ſtandard in
« county, &c. where ſuch offence is committed, Scotland, and that a great number of people had
« fhall, for every offence, forfeit any fuin not affembled together in a rebellious manner; at the
“ exceeding twenty ſhillings, and not leſs than ſame time recommending his lordſhip to uſe his
“ five ſhillings, or be committed to the houſe of utmoſt care and vigilance for the preſervation of
« correction or ſome other priſon of the county, peace and quietneſs throughout his juriſdiction.
" &c. in which the offence is committed, or the On the receipt of this letter, the Lord-mayor
“ offender apprehended, to be kept to hard la and aldermeni addreffed his majeſty on his fafe ar-
" bour for any time not exceeding one kalendar rival from Germany, and on the conqueſt of
6 month, as ſuch juſtice ſhall order.
Cape Breton; and aſſured him that they would
“ No perſon ſhall ply for hire with any hack ſupport and defend his perfon and government,
ney coach, cart, or other wheel carriage, in even at the hazard of their lives and fortunes.
Two
22

320
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
66
66
66
Two days after a proclamation was iſſued, com were muſtered, and brought upon duty to guard
manding all papiſts and reputed papiſts to depart the city gates both night and day. The most
from the cities of London and Weſtminſter, and ſubſtantial citizens, eſpecially young gentlemen
from within ten miles of the fame; and for con. of fortune, merchants and tradeſmen, entered
fining all papiſts and reputed papiſts to their ha into ſeveral aſſociations, learned the military exer-
bitations; and for putting in execution the laws cife, and provided themſelves with proper accou-
againſt riots and rioters.
trements and arms, in defence of their king and
On the tenth of September, the Lord-mayor, country. The very lawyers thought it time to
aldermen, and common-council, attended by the exert their courage ; and on the twenty-third of
ſheriff, recorder, and all the city officers, waited November they, preceded by the lord-chancellor,
on his majefty ac Kenſington, and preſented him the chief juſtices, and maſter of the rolls, the
with the following addreſs :
chief baron, and the reſt of the judges, pro-
ceeded from Weſtminſter-hall in a train of near
“ Moſt gracious fovereign,
two hundred coaches, and preſented their addreſs
and aſſociation in defence of his majeſty's facred
“ We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal || perſon and government, and of the proteſtant
ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and coin ſucceſſion in his royal family; and promiſed to
mons of the city of London, in common-coun concur in any meaſure conducive to the great
6 cil aſſembled, beg leave to approach your fa end of it, at the hazard of their lives and for-
“ cred perſon, and with the ſincereft joy to con (unes. This addreſs was ſigned by the lord-chan-
gratulate your majeſty upon your ſafe and hap cellor, the ſpeaker of the houſe of commons, the
py return to theſe your British dominions. judges of the ſeveral courts, and 369 gentlemen
“ Permit us, moft gracious ſovereign, at the
of the law.
e ſame time, with the warmeſt ſentiments of loy The quakers likewiſe raiſed a ſum of money
alty and affection to your majeſty, to expreſs among their own people, to purchaſe woollen
our grateful returns to heaven for the bleſſing waiſtcoats for the foldiers to wear under their
upon your majeſty's arms in the conqueſt of the cloathing when obliged to keep the field in
cc iſland and forts of Cape Breton ; a place of the
winter; and the ſame was tranſmitted to the army
greateſt conſequence to this nation, as it fe in the north.
cures to your majeſty's ſubjects a free and unin At a court of Lord-mayor and common-coun-
terrupted irade in America, and protects them cil held on the the third of December, it was
“ from the inſults of a dangerous and inveterate unanimouſly agreed to ſubſcribe 1000l. out of the
enemy. And we entirely rely upon your royal chamber of London, towards the relief, ſupport,
patronage and protection, to ſecure to theſe and encouragement of ſuch ſoldiers, as then were,
kingdoms the perpetual enjoyment of this in or ſhould thereafter be employed in his majeſty's
56 valuable acquiſition.
ſervice during the winter ſeaſon, towards the ſup-
“ The raſh and daring attempts of the pro- | preſſion of the then unnatural rebellion. By this
" feſſed enemies of this nation, in favour of a and a voluntary ſubſcription paid into the cham-
popiſh and abjured pretender, have filled the berlain's office at Guildhall, there was raiſed a
“ hearts of us, your loyal citizens, with the ut ſufficient ſtock to provide 12,000 pair of breeches,
" moft abhorrence and deteſtation. And we beg 12,000 ſhi:ts, 10,000 woollen caps, 10,coo pair
" leave to give your majeſty the moſt folemn af of woollen ſtockings, 1000 blankets, 12,000
" ſurances, that we will be ready upon all occa pair of woollen gloves, and 9000 pair of woollen
" fions to ſacrifice all that is dear and valuable ſpatterdalhes, which were immediately converted
to us, in defence of your majeſty's royal per-
to the ufe of the army.
“ fon and family, and in ſupport of our happy
On the ſeventh of December another pro-
« conftitution both in church and ſtate.”
clamation was iſſued for diſcovering, apprehend-
ing, and bringing to trial all jeſuits and popiſh
The merchants of London the day following || prieſts, who ſhould be found after the ninth of
went in a cavalcade of one hundred and forty that inſtant, in the cities of London and Weſt-
coaches, and preſented his majefty with a moft minſter, or the borough of Southwark, or with-
dutiful and loyal addreſs on the ſame occaſion. in ten miles of the ſame, with a reward of one
And ſo determined were thay to ſupport the pub hundred pounds to thoſe who ſhould diſcover or
lic credit, chat above eleven hundred of the moſt apprehend, any ſuch jeſuit or popiſh prieſt.
conſiderable merchants, traders, and proprietors The next day a great nurober of lawyers met
of the public funds ſubſcribed their names to the in the middle Temple-hall, and agreed to form
following agreement : “ We, the underſigned themſelves into a regiment, under the command
“ merchants. and others, being ſenſible how ne of lord-juſtice Willes, for the defence of the
ceſſary the preſervation of public credit is ar royal family, in ſuch manner as his majeſty ſhould
" this time, do hereby declare, that we will not think proper within the cities of London and
os refufe to receive bank notes in payment of any Weſtminſter ; to be denominated, “the aſſo-
“ ſum of money to be paid us; and we will uſe - ciated regiment of the law, for the defence of
our utmost endeavours to make all our pay " the royal family, and the preſervation of the
ments in the ſame manner.”
"s conftitution in church and ſtate.” This was ſo
The citizens took all neceſſary precautions for well received by the king, that the lord-chief
maintaining their juſt rights, privileges and pro- | juſtice next day took his commiſſion as colonel of.
perties, in oppoſition to the attempts of the pre-
the ſaid regiment..
tender and his French abettors. The militia.
In
66

HISTORY and SURVE r of LÔN ĐÓN:
321
In conſequence of the great progreſs made by The rebellion being quelled, it now became
the rebels, who had, by forced marches, and abſolutely neceſſary to make ſome examples of
avoiding the rout of his majeſty's forces under | juſtice. In conſequence of which bills of indict-
general Wade, advanced as far as Derby in their ment for high creaſon were found by the county
way to London, the diſaffected in and about of Surry againſt the earls of Kilmarnock and
che metropolis were ſo ſpirited up, that they Cromartie, and the lord Balmerinio. Theſe no-
publickly declared their ſentiments ; and ſeveral blemen were cried by their peers in Weſtminſter-
treaſonable papers, called the pretender's declara hall, the lord chancellor preſiding as lord high
tions, were put under the doors of peoples houſes, ſteward on the occaſion-
and dropped on the parade in St. James's Park. Kilmarnock and Cromatie confeffed their crime,
Matters at laſt came to ſuch a criſis, that a and, in pathetic ſpeeches, recommended them-
camp was ordered to be formed on Finchley Com ſelves to his majeſty's mercy. Lord Balmeri-
mon, to cover the metropolis, and to make a ſtand no pleaded not guilty ; he denied his having
in caſe of need. Accordingly, on the ninth of
been at Carliſle at the time mentioned in the in-
December a large train of artillery ſet out from dictment; but this exception was over-ruled :
the Tower, for that place, with a preſumption after this he moved a point of law in arreſt of
that his majeſty intended to repair thither in perſon, judgment, and was allowed to be heard by his
and erect his royal ſtandard for aſſembling toge council, Being told, however, that this plea was
ther all his faithful ſubjects able to bear arms. altogether frivolous, he thought proper to ac-
It was owing to theſe vigorous proceedings quiefe; and fentence of death was paffed upon
that the pretender and his rebel crew altered their him and his two aſſociates. Cromartie's life was
opinions, and inſtead of advancing to London, | fpared, but the other two were beheaded on
determined to return into Scocland, whither they Tower-hill on the eighteenth of Auguſt.
precipitately fled by the way they had come. His About ſix o'clock on the morning of their ex-
royal highneſs the duke of Cumberland, however, ecution, a thouſand of the foot-guards, a troop
cloſely purſued, and gained a complete victory of life-guards, and one of horſe grenadier-guards,
over them boyond the Spey and near Culloden, in marched through the city to Tower-hilt. They
the highlands; and on the twenty-firſt of Decem marched in upon the hill from Tower-ſtreet, and
ber he, with his whole army, inveſted Carliſle, the foot threw themſelves into the form of a bat-
and on the thirtieth, the garriſon ſurrendered at tledore, the round part incloſing the fcaffold in
difcretion. The priſoners, amounting to about the center, and the handle being formed by two
four hundred, were diſtributed in different goals | lines, extending to the Tower-gate, with a pro-
in England, and the duke immediately returned per ſpace between for the proceſſion to paſs. The
to London, which he entered amidſt the moſt horſe-grenadiers and horſe-guards were drawn up
joyful acclamations of the people.
in the rear of the foot, with a ſpace between for
On the twenty-third of January 1746 the new the commanding officers to traverſé the lines.
common-council began the year with a petition to About nine, the fheriffs of London (attended by
parliament for leave to bring in a bill to take off their officers and the executioner) came to view
the negative voice of the court of aldermen; and the place of execution, as alſo the houſe to which
at the ſame time they unanimouſly agreed to pre che lords were to be conducted, two roonis
fent his royal highneſs the duke of Cumberland whereof were hung with black. At ten o'clock
with the freedom of the city of London in a gold || the block was fixed upon the ſcaffold, and co-
box. And on advice being received of the total vered with black cloth, with which alſo the fcaf-
defeat of the rebels by his royal highneſs, the fold was hung; and ſome ſacks of ſaw-duft were
Lord-mayor and aldermen, and the common carried up to ſtrew upon it. Soon after, the two
council, and the merchants, &c. of the city of coffins were brought on the ſcaffold, covered
London, reſpectively addreſſed his majeſty with with black cloth, with gilt nails, &c. On the
their moſt ſincere congratulations on that happy
earl of Kilmarnock's was a plate with this in-
ſcription, viz. “ Gulielmus Comes de Kilmar-
On the twenty-ninth of September, when the nock, decollat. 18 Auguſti, 1746, ætat. fuæ
new Lord-mayor was elected, Sir Richard Hoare, 42.” And that for ford Balmerino' had this
knt, who had governed the city the preceding | inſcription on the plate, viz. “ Arthurus Donti-
troubleſome year, addreſſed the livery as follows: nus de Balmerino, decollat. 18 Auguſti 1746,
ætar fuæ 58.” In the mean time the ſheriffs
C6 Gentlemen,
went to the Tower, and, after knocking at the
" I take this opportunity before I quit my gate, were admitted ; and the priſoners, on their
preſent ſtation, to return you my hearty thanks giving a receipt, were delivered to them. Soon
" for having honoured me with fo great a truſt, after this the proceſſion began: and when they
6 and for your indulgence to me in the execution had paſſed through the lines into the area of the
" of it: in which I can preſunie to claim no circle formed by the guards, the paſſage was
* merit to myſelf, any further, than that my en cloſed, and the troops of horſe drew up behind
66 deavours have been fincere to diſcharge my the foot. The lords were conducted into ſepa-
duty in ſuch a manner, as might beft inticle me rate apartments in the houſe, facing the ſteps of
es to your eſteem. Your welfare, gentlemen, has the ſcaffold; their friends being admitted to ſee
“ been my chief concern. Your approbation them. The earl of Kilmarnock was attended by
« will be my higheſt honour.”
thereverend Mr. Foſter, the reverend Mr. Hume,
27
M m mm
and
event.

HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
the chaplain of the Tower; and another cler but this being made up ſo wide as not to keep up
gyman of the church of England accompanied his long hair; the making it leſs occafioned a little
lord Balmerino ; on entering the door, hearing | delay; his neck being laid bare, cucking down
feveral of the ſpectators aſk eagerly, which is the collar of his ſhirt and waiſtcoat, he kneeled
lord Balmerino? he anſwered ſmiling, I am lord down on a black cuſhion at the block, and drew
Balmerino, gentlemen, at your ſervice.
his cap over his eyes, in doing which, as well as
Alter which lord Balmerino, purſuant to his in putting up his hair, his hands were obſerved to
requeſt, being admitted to confer with the earl, Take; but, either to ſupport himſelf, or as a
firſt thanked him for the favour, and then aſked more convenient poſture for devotion, he hap-
“ if his lordſhip new of any order ſigned by the pened to lay both hands upon the block, which
“ prince (meaning the pretender's ſon) to give no the executioner obſerving, prayed his lordſhip to
quarter at the battle of Culloden?” and the let them fall, left they ſhould be mangled or
earl anſwering, no; the lord Balmerino added, break the blow. He was then told that che neck
nor
I neither, and therefore it feenis to be an of his waiſtcoat was in the way, upon which he
" invention to juſtify their own murders.” The roſe, and with the help of a friend took it off,
earl replied, “ he did not think this a fair inference, and the neck being made bare to the ſhoulders,
66 becauſe he was informed, after he was a pri-
hé kneeled down as before. In the mean time,
- foner at Inverneſs, by ſeveral officers, that ſuch when all things were ready for the execution, and
an crder, figned George Murray, was in the the bays which hung over the rails of the ſcaffold
“ duke's cuſtody”–
“ George Murray ! faid having, by direction of the colonel of the guard,
es lord Balmerino, then they ſhould not charge it or the ſheriffs, been turned up that the people
on the prince.” After this he took his leave, eni might ſee all the circumſtances of the execution ;
bracing lord Kilmarnock, with the ſame kind of in about two minutes (the time he before fixed)
noble and generous compliments as he had uſed after he kneeled down, his lordflip dropping his
before, “ my dear lord Kilmarnock, ſaid he, I am handkerchief, the executioner at once ſevered
only forry that I cannot pay this reckoning his head from his body, except only a ſmall part
« alone; once more farewel for ever!” and re of the ſkin, which was immediately divided by a
turned to his own room.
a gentle ſtroke; the head was received in a piece
The earl then, with the company kneeling of red bays, and, with the body, immediately
down joined in a prayer delivered by Mr. Foſter; put into the coffin,
after which having fac a few moments, and taking While this was doing the lord Balmerino, after
a ſecond refreſhment of a bit of bread and a glafs || having foleinnly recommended himſelf to the
of wine, he expreſſed a deſire that lord Balmerino mercy of the Almighty, converſed chearfully
might go firſt to the ſcaffold ; but being informed with his friends, refreſhed himſelf twice with a
that he could not be indulged in this as his lord bit of bread and a glaſs of wine, and deſired the
ship was named firſt in the warrant,
the warrant, he appeared company to drink to him, acquainting them that
ſatisfied, faluted his friends, and ſaid he thould he had prepared a ſpeech, which he ſhould read
make no ſpeech on the ſcaffold, but defired the on the ſcaffold, and therefore ſhould there fay
minifters to aíliſt him in his laſt moments, and nothing of its contents. The under ſheriff com-
they accordingly, with other friends, proceeded ing into his lordſhip’s apartment to let him know
with him to the ſcaffold. The multitude who had the ſtage was ready, he prevented him by imme-
been long expecting to ſee him on ſuch an awful diately aſking if the affair was over with the lord
occaſion, on his firſt appearing on the ſcaffold Kilmarnock, and being anſwered, it is, he en-
dreſſed in black, with a countenance and demeanor, quired how the executioner performed his office,
teſtifying great contrition, ſhewed the deepeſt and upon receiving the account, ſaid, it was well
figns of commiſeration and pity ; and his lord done; then addreſſing himſelf to the company, he
fhip, at the ſame time, being ſtruck with ſuch a gentlemen, I ſhall detain you no longer;"
variety of dreadful objects at once, the multitude, and with an eaſy unaffected chearfulneſs faluted
the block, his coffin, the executioner, the inſtru his friends, and haſtened to the ſcaffold, which he
ment of death, turned about to Mr. Hume, and mounted with ſuch compoſure of mind as aſto-
faid, “Hume! this is terrible ;" though without niſhed the ſpectators. He then took off his coat
changing his voice or countenance.
and waiſtcoat, together with his nekcloth, and
After repeating a ſhort prayer, concluding with threw them on his coffin; putting on a flannel
a petition for his majeſty king George, and the waiſtcoat, which had been provided for the pur-
royal family, in verification of his declaration in poſe, and then taking a plaid cap out of his.
his ſpeech, his lordſhip embraced, and took his pocket, he put it on his head, ſaying, he died a
laſt leave of his friends. The executioner, who Scotchman : after kneeling down at the block,
before had ſomething adminiſtered to keep him to adjuſt his poſture, and ſhew the executioner
from fainting, was ſo affected with his lordſhip’s || the ſignal for the ſtroke, which was dropping his
diſtreſs, and the awfulneſs of the ſcene, that, on arms, he once more turned to his friends, and
aſking him forgiveneſs, he burft into tears. His
took his laſt farewel, and looking round on the
lordſhip bid him take courage, giving him at the croud, ſaid, “ perhaps fome may think my be-
fame time a purſe with five guineas, and telling “ haviour too bold, but remember, Sir, (ſaid he
him that he would drop his handkerchief as a ſig to a gentleman who ſtood near him) that I
nal for the ſtroke. He proceeded, with the help now declare it is the effect of confidence in
of his gentleman, to make ready for the block, “ God, and a good conſcience, and I ſhould dif-
by taking off his coat, and the bag from his hair, “ ſemble if I ſhould ſhew any ſigns of fear.”
which was then tucked up under a napkin cap,
Obferving
ſaid, "

HISTORY and SURVEY 323
of Ž
I ONDON.
Of Obſerving the axe in the executioner's hand, as On the eighth of December Charles Ratcliff,
he paſſed him, he took it from him, felt the edge, || eſq; commonly called earl of Derwentwater,
and returning it, clapped the executioner on the who had been taken in a ſhip bound to Scot-
ſhoulder to encourage him ; he tucked down the land, was beheaded on Little Tower-hill, near
collar of his ſhirt and waiſtcoat, and ſhewed him the Minories, in conſequence of a rule of the
where to ſtrike, defiring him to do it reſolutely, for court of King's-bench, for being concerned in
in that, ſays his lordſhip, willconſiſt your kindneſs. the rebellion in the year 1715; ſentence of death
He went to the ſide of the ſtage, and called being at that time paſſed againſt him.
up the warder, to whom he gave ſome money, As ſoon as he arrived at the ſcaffold, he aſked
aſked which was his hearſe, and ordered the man for the executioner, who coming to him, he took
to drive near.
a parcel of gold out of his pocket, and gave ic
Immediately, without trembling or changing him, ſaying, “I am but a poor man, and there
countenance he again knelt down at the block, " is ten guineas for you; if I had more I would
and having with his armis ſtretch out, faid, “O give it you, and I deſire you to do your exe-
“ Lord reward my friends, forgive my enemies, "cution fo as to put me to the leaſt miſery you
66 and receive my ſoul,” he gave the ſignal by " can.” He then kneeled down before the block,
letting them fall : but his uncommon firmnels and, putting his hands together, made a ſhort
and intrepidity, and the unexpected ſuddenneſs of prayer; after which two of the warders of the
the ſignal, lo ſurprized the executioner, that Tower came to him, one of whom took off his
though he ſtruck the part directed, the blow was wig, and the other put a white cap upon his head;
not given with ſufficient ſtrength to wound him and then the unhappy criminal rofe upon his legs,
very deep; on which it ſeemed as if he made an and, with their affiſtance, pulled off his coat and
effort to turn his head towards the executioner, waiſtcoat. He turned about and took his leave
and the under-jaw fell and returned very quick, || in a reſpectful manner, of the ſheriffs, and then
like anger and gnaſhing the teeth; but it could untied the collar of his ſhirt, which was faſtened
not be otherwiſe, the part being convulſed. A with a black ribbon, and began to fuck the collar
ſecond blow immediately ſucceeding the firſt, ren of his ſhirt down, but not being able to reach
dered him, however, quite inſenſible, and a third far enough behind, be deſired the executioner to
finiſhed the work. His head was received in a do it for him, which he did accordingly. Then,
piece of red bays, and with his body, put into after ſaying a ſhort prayer to himſelf, and croſſing
the coffin, which, at his particular deſire, was himſelf ſeveral times, he laid his head down upon
placed on that of the late marquis of Tullibar the block, and deſired the executioner to ſtrike far
dine’s in St. Peter's church in the Tower. They | enough, adding theſe his laſt words, When I
were both interred the fame evening.is
Spread my hands thus, do you take my head off.
The earl of Kilmarnock was a nobleman of || Which lignal he gave in leſs than half a minure,
fine perſonal accompliſhments; he had been edu when one ſtroke of the axe fevered his head, ex-
cated in revolution principles and engaged in the cept a bit of ſkin, which was cut aſunder at two
rebellion, partly from the deſperate ſituation of or three chops. The body then fell down upon
his fortune, and partly from reſentment to the the ſcaffold; and the executioner, ſearching his
government, on account of his being deprived | pockets, found half a guinea, a ſilver crucifix
of a penſion for which he had for ſome time en and his beads. Four undertaker's men ſtood
joyed. The enemies of doctor Foſter (who at ready with a piece of red bays to receive the
tended him after condemnation) pretended that head as it fell off, and the body and head were
he had all along flattered his lordſhip with the put into the coffin, and conveyed in a hearſe to
hopes of a pardon, provided he kept up his ſhew the Nags-head in Gray's inn Lane, and ſoon after
of penitence to the laſt. This calumny, for it interred at St. Giles's in the Fields.
was probably no other, received fome counte Thus fell this unhappy man thirty years, within
nance by Kilmarnock’s raiſing his head after it three days, after his eſcape from Newgate ;
the
was laid upon the block, and looking round principal part of which time he ſpent with the
among the ſpectators; notwithſtanding which, he || pretender in Italy. He was the youngeſt brother
died as a man and a chriſtian.
of James earl of Derwentwater, who was beheaded
The behaviour of Lord Balmerino, on this ſo in the year 1716.
lemn occaſion, though very different from that This year an hoſpital was founded for relieving
of Kilmarnock, was far from ſuch as his enemies
poor people amicted with the ſmall-pox, and for
reported. It was well known he would have ac inoculation; and this was the firſt of the kind in
cepted of a pardon from the crown, could he have | Europe. It conſiſted of three houſes; one in
obtained it ; but finding all his applications in Old ſtreet, for preparing patients for inoculation;
effectual, he prepared himſelf for death with
another in Frog-lane, Iſlington, when the diſeaſe
great fortitude and reſolution. The moſt accu- || appeared ; and the third in the Lower-ftreet Il-
rate obſervers could not diſcover in his eye or lington, for patients in the natural way.
geſture the ſmalleſt ſymptom of concern, much On the fifth of February 1747 the bill for na-
lefs of fear ; but he was ſo far from being inſen- || ruralizing foreign proteſtants
, which had been
fible, that he was ſeen to check his natural bold ſeveral times attempted, being brought again
neſs left the ſpectators ſhould think it indecent. into the houſe of commons, the city petitioned
He maintained his principles to the laſt. Kilo | ſtrongly againſt it, which had its effect, and the
marnock ſeemed to be convinced of the guilt of || bill was thrown out.
.
his conduct, but Balmerino had undoubtedly On the ninth of April Simon, lord Lovat,
acted upon principle.
another Scotch nobleman concerned in the rebel-
lion,

324
HISTORY and SURVÉ V of LONDON.
very feldom
great exceſs.
lion, was, purſuant to his ſentence by the houſe withſtanding his great age, he had never made uſe
of lords, beheaded on Tower-hill: an account of of any, which was owing it is ſuppoſed, to his
whom wich his behaviour after condemnation, we ſober and regular way of living ; for though he
ſhall be a little particular.
often drank a chearful glaſs, yet
he
When the warrant for the execution of this no taſted wine without water, and never drank to
ble lord was notified to him, he remained uncer-
tain as to his fate, and really ſeemed indifferent All this morning he behaved with his uſual
to live or die; for though he was preſed by his | gaiety, without once diſcovering the leaſt ſign of
friends to throw himſelf at his majeſty's feet, and fear or uneaſineſs, as appeared by ſeveral incidents.
petition for mercy, he abſolutely refuſed it, ſaying, | At eight, he deſired his wig might be ſent to
66 he was ſo old and infirm that his life was not the barber, that he might have time to comb it
“ worth aſking."
out in the genteeleſt manner; and having deſired
Through the whole of his conduct after con the warder to get him a purſe, to put the gold in,
viction he appeared undaunted, but preſerved his which he deſigned for the executioner, he added,
jocoſe ſatirical temper to the very laſt moment of “ Let it be a good one, left the gentleman ſhould
his life. He received the notice of his death. “ refuſe it.” Upon the warder's bringing two to
warrant without the leaſt alteration in his coun chuſe, he did not approve much of either ; how-
tenance, thanked the gentleman who brought it ever, he choſe one and ſaid, “ Tho' it be none
for the favours he had done him, and drank a « of the beſt, it is a purſe that no man would
glaſs of wine to his health ; after which he fat “ refuſe with ten guineas in it.” Between eight
down with him, entertained chearfully a conver and nine, he called for a plate of minced veal, eat
ſation for ſome time, and drank part of a bottle || heartily, and then having called for ſome wine
of wine. Next morning being informed of the and water, drank the healths of ſeveral of his
report, that an engine was to be made for his friends
execution like that called the Maiden, provided In the morning, Mr alderman Allop, one of
many years ago for beheading ſtate criminals in the high ſheriffs of London and Middleſex, (the
Scotland, he commended the contrivance, for, other being ill) attended by the two under ſhe-
ſays he, as my neck is very ſhort, the executioner riffs and the proper officers, with the executioner,
will be puzzled to find it out with his axe; and if went from the Mitre Tavern in Fenchurch-ſtreer,
ſuch a machine be made, I ſuppoſe it will get the to the houſe hired for them on Tower-hill. At
name of lord Lovat's Maiden.
ten o'clock the block was fixed on the ſcaffold,
On Monday the ſixth, the major of the Tower and his lordſhip’s coffin brought, which was co-
came to ſee him, and aſked him how he did. Do, vered with black cloth, adorned with coronets,
ſays he, why, Sir, I am doing very well; for I am &c. and with this inſcription on the lid, “ Simon
fitting myſelf for a place where hardly any majors - Dominus Fraſer de Lovat, decollat. April 9,
go, and very few lieutenant generals. Next morn 1747, ætat. ſuæ 80.”
ing he deſired one of the warders to lay a pillow Ar eleven o'clock, the high ſheriff, with his
upon the floor at the foot of the bed, that he attendants, went to the Tower, where they
might try if he could properly perform his part knocked at the gate, and demanded the priſoner;
in the tragedy in which he was next Thurſday to and when it was notified to his lordſhip, that the
be chief actor; and after having kneeled down, ſheriff was come to demand him, he deſired the
and placed his head upon the foot of the bed, he company to withdraw a little, till he put up a ſhort
roſe up and ſaid, By this ſhort practice, I believe, I prayer. In a few minutes, he called them in again,
fall be able to act my part well enough.
and ſaid, “ gentlemen, I am ready;" and after
On Wedneſday his lordſhip waked about two having got down one pair of ſtairs, being invited
o'clock in the morning, and prayed moſt de by general Williamſon to reſt himſelf a little in
voudiy for ſome time ; after which he went to his apartment, his lordſhip, upon his entrance,
ſleep again, and ſlept till between fix and ſeven, paid his reſpects, in a very polite manner, to the
when he called for the warder to dreſs him as ladies, then to the gentlemen, and talked as freely,
uſual; and, during the remaining part of the and with as little ſeeming concern as if he had
day, he not only talked pertinently and fedately been come to an entertainment. After getting
with ſome gentlemen that came to ſee him, both down the other pair of ſtairs, he was put into the
about his own private affairs and the public af- || governor's coach, and carried to the Tower-gate,
fairs of the nation, but cracked his jokes merrily || where he was delivered to the high ſheriff attend-
with the warders that attended him, the barber || ing, upon his receipt.
that ſhaved him, and almoſt every one that came From the Tower-gate he was conducted into
near him.
After eating a hearty dinner, he another coach to a houſe, from the upper rooms
ſmoaked a pipe, according to cuſtom, and then of which there was a paſſage to the ſcaffold, and
ſent orders to the cook, to get ſome veal roaſted, the rooms were lined with black cloth, and hung
that it might be ready to mince for his breakfaſt with ſconces for his lord ſhip's reception, which
in the morning.
diſmal proſpect produced no alteration in his
On Thurſday the ninth, being the fatal day, lordſhip’s countenance. After delivering a paper
his lordſhip waked about three o'clock in the to the ſheriffs, he told them, they might give the
morning, and, as he had done the morning be word of command when they pleaſed, “ For, fays
fore, prayed in a very devout manner for ſome he, as I have been an officer in the army many
time. At five he got up, called for a glaſs of years, I have been accuſtomed and amt ready
wine and water, as uſual, and ſet reading in his to obey command ;” and after having faid' a
chair for two hours without ſpectacles; for not fort prayer on his knees, and drank a little burnt
brandy
CG

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
325
66
brandy with bitters, he was conducted up the nard, Sir William Calvert, Slingſby Bethel, and
ſcaffold.
Stephen Theodore Janſſen, eſqrs; were declared
As his lord'hip was going up the ſteps to the to have a majority of hands; and on the cloſe of
ſcaffold, he looked round, and obſerving ſuch a the poll carried the election by as great a majo-
prodigious crowd of people upon the hill, he ſaid, rity. Theſe were ſupported by the intereſt of
66 He wondered there ihould be ſuch a buſtle merchants in oppoſition to Sir Daniel Lambert
us about taking off an old grey head, that could and Sir Robert Ladbroke, who was ſtrongly re-
not get up three ſteps without two men to commended by the aldermen and common-
ſupport it;” and after being upon the ſcaffold, council.
and obſerving one of his friends very much de The fixpence per chaldron on coals allowed by
jected, he clapped him upon the ſhoulder, ſaying, | parliament in aid of the orphan fund, expiring at
s chear up thy heart, man; I am not afraid, Michaelmas 1750, the court of common-council,
" why ſhouldeſt thou ?” then he gave the exe after having agreed on the twenty-fecond of Oc-
cutioner the purſe with ten guineas in it, recom tober laſt, and paſſed a bill on the eighteenth of
mending to him, to act his part handſomely; for December, to raiſe 2000l. on the perſonal eſtates
ſays he, “if you do not, and I am able to riſe of the inhabitants, for the orphan's fund, from
again, I ſhall be very angry with you ;” and Midſummer 1747 to Midſummer 1748, petitioned
after examining the axe, and viewing his coffin, parliament for a continuation of the ſaid duty. In
he ſat down in the chair provided for him, and conſequence of which a bill was brought into
repeated ſeveral lines from Horace and Ovid. the houſe, whereby the ſaid fixpence per chaldron
After which, delivering his cloaths and things on coals was continued for the further term of
to his friends, he kneeled down at the block, tel.thirty-five years, from and after the thirtieth day of
ling the executioner, he would ſay a ſhort prayer, September 1750 ; under theſe conditions : Thao
and then drop his hankerchief as a ſignal for him the ſaid city, out of the produce of the ſaid im-
to do his buſineſs.
pofition, ſhall pay 3000l. per annum to the mer-
Having placed himſelf too near the block, the cer's company; and that the revenues of the city
executioner deſired his lordſhip to move a little ſhall be charged with two thouſand pounds per
farther back, which he did; and after having annum, over and above the cool. per annum ap-
placed his head and neck properly on the block, plied by the fifth and ſixth of William and Mary,
in half a minute he dropped his handkerchief, for the relief of the orphans; with power to che
and the executioner being now, it ſeems, become Lord-mayor and aldermen to pay off the princi-
expert at his buſineſs, ſevered the head from the pal debt and intereſt, due upon the act above.
body at one blow, both of which were put into mentioned. Purſuant to which power the city
the coffin, and carried in a hearſe back to the borrowed 25000l. at the rate of three pounds fix
Tower, where, the next day, they were interred. ſhillings per cent. And the chamberlain, by or-
His lordſhip, who had in France profeffed him der of the common-council, dated on the 20th
ſelf a papiſt, and in Scotland was deſirous to be of June 1751, diſcharged the ſum of 21,7351.
deemed a proteſtant, pulled off the maſk, after 175. gd. due to the orphan's fund, from the city
his dead warrant came down, and avowed himſelf || account, and placed it to the credit of the or-
a jacobite and a papiſt.
phan's fund in diſcharge of the ſame debt. And
A little after ten o'clock on the morning of from this time, by act of common-council, the
his execution, a large high ſcaffold, at the ſouth | city has always been affeffed, at Midſummer, from
ſide of the hill, ſuppoſed to contain upwards of year to year, and paid two thouſand pounds per
four hundred perſons, ſuddenly fell down without
giving the leaſt warning: by which accident about On the twenty-fifth of March 1748, about
twenty perſon's were killed on the ſpot, or died one o'clock in the morning, a moſt dreadful fire
of their wounds, and many others had their broke out in the houſe of one Mr. Eldridge, a
limbs and bones broke, or were otherwiſe greatly || peruke-maker, in Exchange-alley, Cornhill. It
maimed or wounded.
was at firſt ſaid to begin by the careleſſneſs of a
Courts of judicature were opened in South- || boy placing a candle near ſome wig-boxes in the
wark, and in the north of England, for the trial || ſhop; but it afterwards appeared to be occaſioned
of thoſe of inferior note. Out of forty-three by a girl living at a green ſtall adjoining to
who were condemned at London, no more than Mr. Eldridge, who had left a candle burning in
ſeventeen were executed ; and in other parts of her ſhed, while ſhe was diverting herſelf by hear-
the kingdom a ſtill leſs number in proportion ; ing the muſic at a concert in the Swan-tavern.
but a great many of them were tranſported to The flames communicated themſelves with ſuch
America.
amazing rapidity, that notwithſtanding they had
About this time a perpetuity paſſed the great che greateſt ſupply of water and engines, and the
feal for incorporatig the biſhopric of London, || buildings in that ſituation were ſo very ſtrong,
&c. into one body politic, for the relief of poor yet, before twelve o'clock at noon, upwards of
clergymen's widows and children, within the dio one hundred houſes were entirely levelled with
ceſe of London, and to hold in mortmain lands the ground. Mr. Eldridge, his wife, and child
of 1500l. per annum.
were burnt; and Mr. Cook, a lodger, was
The thirtieth of June being appointed for the ſo much hurt by leaping out of a window, that
election of repreſentatives to ſerve in parliament for he died ſoon after. The maid fortunately ſaved
the city of London, a ſmart conteſt aroſe between herſelf by leaping out of the two pair of ſtairs
a liſt ſet up by the corporation, and another by the || window; and the two apprentices eſcaped by gec-
merchants of London. However, Sir John Bar- | ting over the tops of the houſes to the Swan-
Nnnn
tavern,
annum,
28

326
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
I 000
IOOO
Igoo
IOO
100
IOO
tavern. Notwithſtanding the utmoſt vigilance thence next enſuing, and no longer, until fome
was uſed by the magiſtrates and officers to ſup other perſons ſhall be duly elected, and ſworn into
preſs this dreadful conflagration, yet the leaſt the fame office in their ſtead. That at the
computation made of its deſtruction in effects and general elections for ſheriffs, all the aldermen,
merchandize amounted to two hundred thouſand who have not actually ſerved the faid office
pounds.
ſhall be publickly put in nomination, according
Several gentlemen, bankers, and others, im to their ſeniority, before any commoner : thao
mediately ſet about a contribution for the relief the Lord-mayor may, at any time, between
of thoſe ſufferers who were real objects of charity, the fourteenth day of April, and the fourteenth
and whoſe claims amounted to Soool. On the day of June, in every year, nominate in the
nineteenth of April a committee was choſen at a court of Lord-mayor and aldermen, nine perſons
general meeting of the contributors, who ap free of this city, to be put in nomination for the
pointed alderman Janſſen, efq; chairman; and on faid office of fheriffalty, to the liverymen affem-
the thirteenth of September following they pub- || bled for the election of ſheriffs, who ſhall be put
liſhed a report of the ſums contributed, and what in nomination publickly for the ſaid office, before
was paid to each claimant.
any other commoner, and in the fame order as
On the twenty-eighth of January following, nominated by the Lord-mayor. That if any ſo
when the ſubſcribers met at Guildhall to examine nominated fhall, within fix days after notice
into the diſpoſal of the money collected on this thereof, pay 400l. to the chamberlain, and twen-
occaſion, the committee reported, that there was ty marks towards the maintenance of the mini-
remaining in their hands 3300l. in balance of the ſters of the ſeveral priſons, together with the
faid ſubſcription; and recommended the ſaid re uſual fees, every ſuch perſon ſhall be exempt and
maining balance to be thus diſpoſed of, viz. diſcharged from ſerving the ſaid office, except he
ſhall afterwards take upon him the office of an al-
£ derman. That any two liverymen having a
To St. Bartholomew's-hoſpital
right to vote at the election of ſheriffs, may pub-
St. Thomas's-hoſpital
lickly nominate any perſon or perſons free of the
Hoſpital at Bath
city for the ſaid office, afer the aldermen, and
London Infirmary
thoſe nominated by the Lord-mayor. That no
Weſtminſter Infirmary
freemen ſhall be diſcharged from ſuch election or
Infirmary at Hyde-park-Corner
nomination for inſufficiency of wealth, unlefs he
voluntarily ſwears himſelf not worth 15000l. in
3300 lands, goods, and ſeparate debts, and the fame
be atteſted upon oath by fix other freemen of
credit and reputation. That every perſon elected
For the more expeditious rebuilding the houſes co the ſaid office ſhall, at the next court of Lord-
deſtroyed by the above fire, the court of common may and aldermen, give 1000l. bond to the
council, on the twenty-ninth of March, did em chamberlain, that he will take upon him the ſaid
power the court of Lord-inayor and aldermen to office on the twenty-eighth of September next
permit as many non-freemen as ſhould be found | following. That the perſon elected who does not
neceſſary to be employed in the execution of the give bond to ſerve, ſhall, if an alderman or com-
faid work.
moner of the Lord-mayor's nomination, forfeit
About eight o'clock on the following evening and pay 6ool. but if he be neither aldermen nor
ſeven priſoners in Newgate for ſmuggling, on the one nominated by the Lord-mayor, he ſhall for-
turnkeys opening the door of their apartment, feit and pay only four hundred pounds to be re-
ruſhed on them with piſtols and broom-ſticks, and covered by action of debt, in the name of the
knocking them down, ran out of the priſon and chamberlain of London, to go and be applied to
made their eſcape. An alarm, however, being the uſe of the Lord-mayor, commonalty and citi-
immediately ſpread, five of them were retaken in zens of London, ſubject to the orders and reſolu-
the neighbouring ſtreets, and carried back to tions of the court of common-council; except one
Newgate ; the other two got clear off.
one hundred pounds to be paid to each of the
At a court of common-council held the ſeventh new ſheriffs out of 8ool. if two fines happen to
of April, a bill paſſed for repealing all for be paid, or fifty pounds to each of the ſaid ſheriffs,
mer acts, orders and ordinances of their court, ſhould there be only one fine paid unto the cham-
touching the nomination and election of ſeriffs berlain. That no perſon who has fined ſhall be
of the city of London and county of Middleſex; ever after eligible, except he takes upon him the
and for regulating and enforcing fuch nominations office of an alderman; neither ſhall any perſon
and elections for the future: in which it was be compelled to ſerve the faid office more than
ordained, that the right of electing perſons
to the office of ſheriffalty ſhall be veſted in On the fifth of May a ceſſation of arms was
the liverymen, and that the general election proclaimed at the royal exchange, and the uſual
day of ſheriffs ſhall be the twenty-fourth of June, || places in London and Weſtminſter. And on the
except it be Sunday, and then on the following || evening of the fifth of Auguſt, juſt before a great
day. That the perſon or pefons elected to the ſtorm of rain, there appeared in the city of Lon-
ſaid offices, ſhall take the ſame upon him or them don, and parts adjacent, a prodigious multitude
on the vigil of St. Michael the archangel, next of locufts; which, by a perſon who took parti-
following the ſaid election, and hold the
ſame for cular notice of them, are thus deſcribed : “ they
and during the ſpace of one whole year from “ faid he, reſemble graſhoppers in ſome particu-
once.
66 lars;

HISTORY and SURV E r of 327
LONDONLONDON.
. is
2
" lars ; but are different from them in others : Mary, intituled, 6 An act for the relief of or-
" they are more robuft. Their common length s phans, and other creditors of the city of Lon-
" is about cwo inches and an half, including the o don.” And on the twenty-ſecond, the com-
• head and the wings. The body is ſcaly, and mittee appointed for enquiring into the laws relat-
66 coloured like a ſalmon. The head, neck, and ing to hawkers and pedlars, came to a reſolution
part of the body are covered with a grafs cowl to proſecure all hawkers felling wares within the
or hood. The head is large, and the face || city, or liberties of the ſame, notwithſtanding
co ſtreaked with brown and white. The eyes they ſhould appear to have licenſes.
are very bright, and of a hazel colour. The That the peace in agitation, and the arts of
jaws are rounded like a pair of pincers, are the miniſtry were not ſo pleaſing to the moſt diſ-
“ blunt and open, and ſhut horizontally, and are cerning part of the people is particularly exem-
" of a black, horny fubſtance. The tongue is like plified in a ſpirited letter wrote by Mr. alderman
ſmall French bean feed. Their mouths are Heathcote to the Lord-mayor and aldermen, re-
large, and their teeth big and ſtrong; and over queſting leave to reſign his gown. It was dated
" the jaws, where they meet, they let fall a thin from Bath, on or about the tenth of January,
cover, to be contracted and folded at pleaſure 1748-9; and is as follows:
to draw in their nouriſhment. Their wings
" which come from the neck, underneath are 6 My Lord-mayor,
greeniſh, though ſome are tranſparent and
“ brown, divided into panes by a ſmall black * The general corruption of the age I have
“ line ſpotted and ſcaly like a falmon, The so the misfortune to live in, and the frequent de-
“ back is green, the belly duſky, and the tail or 66 teftable inftances of apoſtacy from every prin-
6 ſtem blackiſh at the end. They have fewer • ciple of honour, integrity, and public ſpirit of
* legs than the graſshopper; and in flying they " many of my countrymen, both of my own
“ make a buzzing with their wings like that of " and a fuperior rank, having fully convinced
" the great black beetle.”
me, that the endeavours of the few determin-
"sed to live and die honeſt men, are fruitleſs
At a court of common-council held the twenty 66 and vain, I have reſolved to ſeek that ſmall
fourth of September, a committee was appointed “ ſhare of happineſs, which is to be acquired in
to examine into the ſtate of the city income, to " this venal country, in privacy and retirement,
conſider in what manner it might be capable of 56 where I am ſure it is only to be found ; and,
being improved, and how to raiſe money for diſ therefore, I am determined to return no more
charging the debt due to the fund for the relief 6 to London, unleſs my own private concerns
of orphans.
s6 call me thither. I cannot think it in any reſpect
A prodigious hurricane of wind happened on s right to hold an office I ſhall never attend :
the ſecond of December, which laſted for near " this obliges me to apply to your lordſhip and
eight hours. It blew down two houſes entirely, court of aldermen for leave to reſign my gown,
unſtripped the tiling of others, and tore up trees " and beg the court will accept of this my re-
by the roots. By the number of chimnies and fignation, and that your lordſhip will be pleaf-
ſigns which fell, many perſons who were paſſing " ed to iſſue out a precept for the election of
the ſtreets were greatly wounded; and a child 66 ſome other Perſon to ſerve inſtead of me for
was killed that ſtood by the fire by the fall of " the ward of Walbrook. I moſt ſincerely wiſh
bricks, from a chimney. But the moſt conſider “ health and felicity to my brethren the alder-
able damage was done to the ſhipping and ſmall men, and the moſt flouriſhing commerce, with
craft in the river.
c. the full enjoyments of liberty, to the citizens
The court of common-council, on the fifteenth, 66 of London, to whom I am inexpreſſibly oblig-
paſſed a bill for raiſing two thouſand pounds up a ed for the many honours and truſts they have
on the perſonal eſtates of the inhabitants of the repofed in me; all which I can, with a fafe
city and its liberty, towards paying the intereſts " conſcience, ſay I have faithfully diſcharged,
of the orphan debt, in purſuance of the power “ without ever having once betrayed or deceived.
granted by an act of king William and queen
66
66
66
66
Toys
go
CH A P.

328
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
Ć H A P T E R XLIII.
Remarkable impoſition on the public. Peace proclaimed. Proclamation againſt murderers and
robbers. Account of the fire-works on occaſion of the peace. Great fire at Battle-bridge.
Another in the Poultry. Aldermen Janſſen preſerves the conſtitution of the city of London
by rejecting the aſſiſtance of the military power. Two earthquakes. A&t of common-council.
for licenſing foreigners. Death and funeral of Frederick prince of Wales. Election of
a chamberlain. Remarkable burricane. Priſoners attempt to eſcape out of Newgate. Act
of parliament for preventing thefts and robberies.
T
" wait of any at their houſes, and perform as
« above, for five pounds each time. There will
“ be a proper guard co keep the houſe in due de-
corum,
HE year 1749 was introduced by one of
the moſt extraordinary impoſitions on
the public that ever brain projected, or
credulity countenanced. The particulars of which
cannot be unentertaining to our readers.
About the middle of January the following
advertiſement appeared in the London news-
papers:
In ridicule to this mad-headed advertiſement,
and to open the eyes of the people, the next day
produced the following:
« At the new theatre in the Hay-market, on Lately arrived from Italy.
« Monday next the ſixteenth inſtant, to be ſeen a
perſon who performs the moſt ſurprizing things " Sig Capitello Jumpedo, a ſurprizing dwarf,
following, viz. Firſt, he takes a common walk no taller then a common tavern tobacco-pipe ;
ing cane from any of the ſpectators, and thereon " who can perform many wonderful equilibres
“ plays the muſick of every inſtrument now in on the ſlack or tight rope: likewiſe he'll trans-
uſe, and likewiſe ſings to ſurprizing perfection. “ form his body into above ten thouſand different
“ Secondly, he preſents you with a common ſhapes and poſtures; and, after he has diverted
« wine bottle, which any of the ſpectators may " the ſpectators two hours and a half, he will
“ firſt examine ; this bottle is placed on a table in open his mouth wide, and jump down his
" the middle of the ſtage, and he (without any “ own throat. He, being the moſt wonderfuleſt
equivocation) goes into it in ſight of all the 66 wonder of wonders as ever the world wondered
the ſpectators, and ſings in it; during his ſtay at, would be willing to join in performance
“ in the bottle, any perſon may handle it, and ſee “ with that ſurprizing muſician on Monday next
“ plainly that it does not exceed a common tavern " in the Hay-market. He is to be ſpoke with ac
“ bottle. Thoſe on the ſtage, or in the boxes
" the Black Raven in Golden-lane every day,
may come in malked habits (if agreeable to s from ſeven to twelve, and from twelve all day
" them) and the performer (if deſired) will in long."
« form them who they are. Stage 7s. 6d. Boxes
55. Pit 3s. Gallery 2s. To begin at half an The ſcheme, however, took, and the playhouſe
66 hour after ſix o'clock. Tickets to be had at was crowded with dukes, dutcheſſes, and the moſt
- the theatre. The performance continues about principal people of diſtinction; the iſſue of which
46 two hours and a half.
was as follows:
“ N. B. If any gentlemen or ladies, after the About ſeven o'clock the theatre was lighted,
* above performances (eicher ſingly or in com and the audience ſat a conſiderable time without
pany, in or out of malk) are deſirous of ſeeing even the entertainment of a ſingle fiddle. Their
“ repreſentation of any deceaſed perſon, ſuch as patience being tired out produced a chorus of
66 huſband or wife, fiſter or brother, or any inti. cat-calls, heightened by loud vociferations and
“ mate friend of either ſex, (upon making a gra- | beating with ſticks. Soon after which a fellow
tuicy to the performer) ſhall be gratified by came from behind the curtain, and, bowing, ſaid,
“ feeing and converſing with them them for fome that if the performer did not appear, the money
“ minutes as if alive. Likewiſe (if deſired) | ſhould be returned. In reply to which ſome
“ he will tell you your moſt ſecret thoughts in perſon in the pit ſpoke out aloud, that if the la-
your paſt life; and give you a full view of dies and gentlemen would give double prices, the
perſons who have injured you, whether dead | conjuror would get into a pine bottle. After this
66 or alive. For thoſe gentlemen and ladies who a young gentleman in one of the boxes took a
are deſirous of ſeeing this laſt part, there is a lighted candle, and threw it on the ſtage; which
" private room provided. Theſe performances || alarming the greateſt part of the audience, they
“ have been ſeen by moſt of the crowned heads made the beſt of their way out of the theatre,
& of Aſia Africa, and Europe and never ap ſome loſing their cloaks and hats, and others
peared publick any where but once ; but will their wigs and ſwords. The remaining party af-
fifted

HISTORY and SŰRŰ r of LONDON
329
99
fiſted by the mob, who broke into the houſe, tore retired. And, within the gate, the Lord-mayor,
up the benches, broke to pieces the ſcenes, pull aldermen, recorder, and ſheriffs, performed the
ed down the boxes, and entirely diſmantled the uſual ceremony, at their entrance into the city.
theatre; all which they conveyed into the ſtreet, Proclamation was made a third time at the end of
preceded by the curtain faitened on a pole, as a Chancery-lane; a fourth time at the end of
flag of triumph, and converted the ſame into a Wood-ſtreet in Cheapſide ; and the laſt time at
large bonfire. A party of guards was ſent for, the Royal Exchange. It was afterwards proclaim-
but did not arrive time enough to prevent the
ed in all the cities and market towns in Great
reſentment of the populace. No material damage Britain and Ireland.
enſued from this diſaſter, except a young noble On the fifteenth, the Lord-mayor, and the reſt of
man's chin being hurt, occaſioned by his falling the commiſſioners of the lieutenancy for the city
into the pit.
of London, addreſted his majeſty with congratula
Many enemies to a book publiſhed about that tions on the above occaſion, and his ſafe and hap-
time concerning the ceaſing of miracles, were py return to his British dominions. And on the
greatly diſappointed by the conjuror's non-ap twenty-firſt, the Lord, mayor, aldermen and com-
pearance in the bottle; they imagining that his mon-council waited on his majeſty with another
jumping into it would have been the moft con addreſs of congratulation on the ſafe delivery of
vincing proof pollible, that miracles were not yet her royal highneſs the princeſs of Wales, of the
ceaſed.
princeſs Louiſa Anne.
This ſtrange deluſion and diſappointment after Murders and robberies were become, at this
wards produced many ſatirical ſtrokes in the pub- || time, ſo frequent in and about the cities of Lon-
lic papers : among which was the following: don and Weſtminſter, that the next day, Febru-
the third, a proclamation was iſſued, offering a
“ This is to inform the public,
reward of one hundred pounds over and above
" That, notwithſtanding the great abuſe that all other rewards, to be paid by the lords of the
" has been put upon the gentry, there is now in treaſury, upon the conviction of any murderer
« town a man, who, inſtead of creeping into a or robber in thoſe cities, or within five miles
" quart or pint bottle, will change himſelf into a thereof. Violent riots and tumults alſo prevailed
6 rattle; which he hopes will pleaſe both young throughout the kingdom, which were evidently
" and old. If this perſon meets with encourage owing to the numbers of unprovided perſons dif-
" ment to this advertiſement, he will then ac charged from the army and navy. The moſt
quaint the gentry, where and when he per dangerous inſurrection happened at Briſtol, where
6 forms."
great numbers of people from Glouceſterſhire
and Somerſetſhire aſſembled, cut down the turn-
One very particular reaſon aſſigned why the pikes, and committed various other ourages.
conjuror did not go into the quart bottle was, that Many of them were well armed, and bid defiance
after ſearching all the taverns, not one quart bot to the magiſterial power for ſome conſiderable
tle could be found.
time ; but at length fix troops of dragoons being
On the twenty-ſixth of this month, a court of ſent down againſt them, they were obliged to dilo
common-council was held at Guildhall; when, || perſe, and the quiet of the country was reſtored.
after augmenting the ſalary of the recorder from The great preparations made for ſolemnizing
one hundred and twenty to two hundred pounds, the peace being of a more extraordinary and ex-
they came to the following reſolutions : is That penſive nature than were ever exhibited in this
“ the thanks of this court be given to George | metropolis, we ſhall be a little particular in giv-
“ Heathcote, eſq; for his uniform, active and ing an account of them. The following is a de-
“ diſintereſted conduct in every ſtation of public || fcription of the machine for the fire-works, that
“ truſt; for his many and great ſervices done were exhibited on the twenty-ſeventh of April,
es this metropolis, as magiſtrate and repreſenta 1749.
« tive in parliament; for his zeal and laudable
“ endeavours to promote the trade and proſperity HẾ machine was ſituated in the Green
e of his fellow-citizens; and for his exemplary Park, 500 feet from his majeſty's library,
public ſpiric and independence in making the and repreſented a magnificent Doric temple,
preſervation of the laws and liberties of his from which extended two wings terminated by
country, the conſtant and invariable rule of all
pavillions.
66 his actions.
It was 114 feet high to the top of his majeſty's
On the ſecond of February, the heralds at arms, and 410 feet long. The ornaments were
arms, accompanied by the ſecond troop of horſe all in relief, and it was adorned with frets, gild-
guards, attended by the knight-marſhal's men, || ings, luſtres, artificial flowers, inſcriptions, ſtao
ſerjeant-trumpeter, high-bailiff of Weſtminſter, tues, allegorical pictures, &c.
and other proper officers, met at St. James's gate,
where, his majeſty having from the window of
The inſcriptions were as follow :
the apartments over the gate firſt ſheathed the On the pedeſtal of Peace in the center, Paxreo
ſword, the proclamation of peace was read with diviva an. MDCCXLVIII.-Peace reſtored in the
beat of kettle drums and ſound of trumpet. year 1748. In the frieze over the center arch,
From St. James's, the cavalcade proceeded to Georgius II. Rex. Which appeared tranſparent
Charing-croſs, where peace was proclaimed a during the whole performance of the fire-work.
fecond time. From thence they proceeded to
On the left-ſide of the machine, Redintegrata
Temple-bar, where the officers of Weſtminſter Europe pace, ſecuritate federum ſtabilita, commer.
28
оооо
cio
TI

330
HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
cio feliciter reſtituto, ſub auſpiciis opt. princ. lætatur On the left was a medallion repreſenting Bri-
S. P. Q: B.--To give peace to Europe, to ſecure tannia joining hands with Spain: the legend, Salus
the faith of treaties, to reſtore and enlarge com mutua. Exergue, Brit. Hifp. Mutual Benefit.
merce, is the auſpicious work of a Britiſh king, the Britain, Spain. Below this was the figure of
triumph of a Britiſh people.
Plenty.
On the right ſide of the machine, Hinc princi At the right end were two medallions, one of
pem bello accingit, libertati devota, fortitudo. Illinc Auguſtus: the other of Antoninus Pius. At the
pacificum oſtendit, ſaluti omnium, conſulens, clemen lefc end, two medallions, one of Veſpaſian : The
tia.-A prince never diſpoſed to engage in war other of Trajan. Underneath two Genii on each
but from a fortitude ſacred to liberty. Ever fide a globe, one fitting with a book in his hand,
ftudious of peace from clemency intent on the the other ſtanding, holding parchments with ſeals
public good.
pendant, &c.
On the attic in the middle of the back front, The exhibition began about nine in the even-
Georgio II. Regi opt. auctori falutis, libertatis vin ing, and was introduced by a grand concert of
dici, fundatori quietis, patri patrie.—To the guar-
warlike inſtruments. The fire-works were opened
dian of our ſafety, che aſſerter of our liberty, the by a royal falute of one hundred and one braſs
eſtabliſher of our tranquillity, the moſt gracious | ordnance, which was immediately followed by a
ſovereign, and father of his people, George the diſplay of rockets of various forts, air balloons,
fecond.
&c. in eleven courſes the number amounting to
The ſtatues which adorned it were twenty-three, || 32,684.
viz.
After all theſe had been diſplayed, there fol-
On the firſt half-pace of the great ſtair-caſe on lowed a grand girandole from the top of the
the right hand was the figure of Tame; on the Temple, conſiſting of fix thouſand rockets,
left Iſis, each reclining on an urn.
headed with ſtars, rains, and ſerpents, all in one
In the center of the Temple, feated on an al flight. Then the machine cleared of its com-
tar, was the goddeſs of Peace, holding an olive buſtibles, became ſo illuminated as to thew the
branch, and ſupported on the right by Neptune, emblematical figures; and the front was beauti-
and on the left by Mars. Theſe five were caſt in fully illuminated with a variety of deſigns, which
plaiſter of Paris.
continued burning for a conſiderable time.
In the front were four ſtatues, viz. Juſtice,
Temperance, Fortitude, Prudence. On the right The following is an abſtract of the number of
end, Religion, Conſtancy, Honour, Clemency. || pieces fired on this occaſion :
In the back front, Faithfulneſs, Vigilance. On
the attic above the cornice in the front, Jupiter,
Sky-rockets.
Ceres, Diana, Apollo. In the back front, at the
Honorary
angles, were Mercury, Minerva.
Caduceus
The pictures in the front of the machine were
Girandole
eighteen, each painted double: They at firſt ap-
In flights
10072
peared as marble baſſo relievos, and after the fire-
work was played off they were removed by ma Total from 4 ounces to 6lb. weight 10,650
chinery, and diſcovered pictures repreſenting the
fame ſubject in colours, which were rendered
Air balloons
tranſparent by a great number of lampions.
Tourbillons
88
The great picture over the cornice in the center Regulated pieces
of the machine was twenty-eight feet by ten. It Figured pieces
30
repreſented his majeſty giving Peace to Britannia. Pocs d’Aigrettes
180
The attendants on Peace were Plenty, Riches,
Pots de brins
12,200
Felicity, Trade, and Commerce. The attendants
Caſcades
on Britannia were Liberty, Agriculture, and the
Vertical ſuns and wheels 136
Arts and Sciences.
Fixed ſuns
71
On the right of this, below the entablature,
Fountains
160
was a picture of fifteen feet by eight, repreſenting
Gerbes
260
the return of Neptune : he was riding on the
Lances
3700
ocean in a carr drawn by ſea-horſes : his right
Marrons
5000
hand held a trident, and his left ſupported a
globe : he was conducted by the genius of Peace, About eleven o'clock the whole building was
and attended by tritons, ſea-nymphs, &c. On || illuminated, and continued
illuminated, and continued ſo till between two
the left of the central arch, was the return of and three in the morning. His majeſty and the
Mars ſeated on a càrr drawn by three lions, the royal family retired about twelve.
arms of England, and was conducted by Fame, All the various parts of this great work were
with an olive-branch, who proclaimed the peace. performed by direction of Charles Frederick, eſq;
On each ſide of theſe two laſt pictures was a comptroller, and captain Thomas Deſaguliers,
feſtoon of arms and military inſtruments, chief fire-maſter of his majeſty's royal labora-
The medallion on the right hand was Britannia tory.
joining hands with France: the legend, Concordia On the twelfth of Auguſt about ten o'clock at
redux. Exergue, Brit. Gall. Concord renewed. night, a terrible fire broke out in Mr. Spencer's
Britain, France. Below this was the figure of || dye-houſe, near Battle-bridge, Southwark. A
Liberty
loft adjoining, which was full of ſtraw, catching
fire,
482
48
58
87
21
21

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
331
fire, the flames communicated themſelves to feve-
For lord Trentham
4811
ral wooden houſes which burnt with ſuch rapidity,
For Sir George Vandeput 4654
that all endeavours to ſtop it proved ineffectual.
What contributed to the misfortune was, the But a ſcrutiny being demanded by Sir George
tide being then at ebb. Excluſive of the dye and many of the electors, the ſame was allowed
houfe, a large brew-houſe, four wharfs, a coo by the high-bailiff, who on examination thereof,
perage, and about eighty houſes were entirely declared lord Trentham to have a majority of
deſtroyed: many others were greatly damaged, 170, and returned him accordingly.
and ſome coafters on the ſhore had their rigging
About this time, a grant paſſed the great ſeal,
burnt. Three men and one woman loſt their wherein his majeſty was pleaſed to re-incorporate,
lives. Upwards of 2000 quarters of malt, a ſingular, all the freemen of the art of butchers
large quantity of hops, and 800 buts of beer of the city of London, and all others who then
were loft by this accident : and the whole damage uſed or exerciſed, or ſhould thereafter uſe and ex-
was fuppoſed to amount to 50,00ol.
erciſe the art within the ſaid city, the liberties
On the twenty-third of Auguſt, a melancholy and ſuburbs thereof, or in any place within two
accident happened at Bartholomew fair, occaſion miles from the faid city, by the name of the maf-
ed by the falling down of a gallery in Mr. Phi ter, wardens, and commonalty of the art or
lip's booth, wherein were a great number of peo myſtery of butchers.
ple. Two men were killed, and many others This year an act was paſſed for the more eaſy
had their limbs broke, or were dangerouſly bruiſ and ſpeedy recovery of ſmall debts within the
ed or wounded.
city and liberty of Weſtminſter, and that part
On the twenty-ſeventh, between three and four of the dutchy of Lancaſter, which adjoineth
in the morning, a fire broke out at Mr. Har thereto. By which it was enacted, That there
wood's, in Grocer's-alley, near the Poultry comp Mall be two hundred and thirty-two commiſſion-
ter, which entirely burnt that and four others. ers in the whole, to be nominated on the firſt day
The compter and ſeveral houſes adjoining, were of May, yearly, by the inhabitants who have a
greatly damaged. In conſequence of the for right to afſemble in veſtry, viz.
mer being on fire, fifty priſoners for debt, and
nine felons, were ſet at liberty. One of the felons In the pariſh of St. Margaret's
30
only was retaken ; and about forty of the deb-
St. John's
20
tors returned voluntarily to their confinement.
St. James's
42
On the eighteenth of October, Mr. ſheriff
St. George's, Hanover-ſquare 30
Janſſen gave the following example of the conſti-
St. Anne's
24
tution and ancient cuſtom of this city, and of the
St. Martin's in the Fields
30
little neceſſity there is of calling in a military aid
St. Clement Danes
24
to aſſiſt a civil magiſtrate in the due execution of
St. Mary le Strand
his office. Fifteen criminals being ordered for exe-
St. Paul Covent Garden
cution on that day at Tyburn, it was reported
and apprehended that a reſcue would be attempt-
232
of at leaſt two of them, named Wilſon and
Penlez; (the former of whom was pardoned the And that any three of them may hold a court by
day before execution) and a party of foot the name of the Court of Requeſts, in the pariſh
guards were therefore ordered to attend the fhe of St. Margaret, on every Tueſday; in St.
riff or his officers on that occaſion: but Mr. ſhe James's, every Wedneſday ; and in St. Paul's,
riff Janſſen, for the dignity of the city and his | Covent-garden, every Thurſday, to hear and de-
office, mounted on horſeback, when the criminals termine, and to execute judgment, and to award
were put into the carts at Newgate, and with no execution with coſts : but that none ſhall be im-
other weapon than the authority of his office, ſig- || priſoned upon an execution longer than forty
fied by a white wand in his hand, very civilly | days.
diſmiſſed the party of ſoldiers at Holbourn-bars ; Another act was likewiſe paſſed the ſame year
and, attended by his proper officers, prevent for the eaſy and ſpeedy recovery of ſmall debts
ed all diſturbance and violence, with a promiſe within the Tower Hamlets. Whereby they that
that the bodies of the malefactors, after execu have a right to meet in veftry for the choice of
tion, ſhould not be delivered to the ſurgeons. || pariſh officers, are empowered to nominate two
It was hoped, that the remarkable example ſet hundred and forty commiſſioners in the whole,
by that magiftrate, in executing (agreeable to our viz.
conſtitution and ancient cuſtom) his office, with-
out a military aid, would be productive of the In the pariſh of St. Mary Whitechapel
31
moſt happy effects in a multitude of other inſtan-
Chriſt-church
ces, and prevent the ſoldiers from being called in
St Leonard, Shoreditch
to quell every trifling diſorder.
St John's, Hackney
Towards the cloſe of the year there was the
St. Matthew's, Bethnal-Green 8
moſt remarkable conteſt for parliament men in
St. Mary Stratford, Bow 4
the city of Weſtminſter, that was ever known.
Bromley, St. Leonard
The canditates were, lord Trentham, and Sir
St. Anne's Limehouſe
George Vandepur ſet up by the independent elec-
St. Paul's, Shadwell
16
On the cloſe of the poll, however, it ap-
St. George's
peared, that the numbers were,
St. John's, Wapping
17.
Sr.
I 2
20
21
20
18
cow A
cow
tors.
18

332
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
,
8
4
CO
65
Sc. Botolph, without Aldgate 15 es of this city be empowered, from time to time
Trinity, Minories
3 upon application, any Tueſday, by any maſter
Mile End, Old Town
- freeman, to give leave to employ any number
Mile End, New Town
3
" of non-freemen to work under him within
Ratcliff
15 có this city and liberties thereof, and for ſuch time
Popler and Blackwall
7
" and under ſuch reſtrictions, as the court ſhall
Tower without
6 “ think neceſſary and proper; but in caſe there
St. Catharine's
7 “ ſhall be any Tueſday on which the ſaid court
Well-cloſe
3
66 ſhall not be held, that then the Lord-mayor
Old Artillery Ground
“ for the time being, upon ſuch Tueſday, ſhall
Norton Falgate
66 have the like power.
5
6. That no freeman of this city ſhall be liable
240 to the penalty inflicted by the act of common-
« council made and paſſed the fourth of July
By the name of the Court of Requeſts; wherein 1712, if it be proved that the defendant did,
any three commiſſioners are empowered to ſet on immediately before ſetting fuch foreigners to
Tueſdays and Fridays, weekly, to hear, determine, 56 work, uſe his beſt endeavours to procure a
give judgment, and award execution with coſts, journeyman being a freeman to work wich him;
againſt bodies or goods, for any debts under forty " and could not procure any ſuch freeman being
fhillings.
a fit and proper perſon to be employed by him
This year finiſhed with a remarkable cauſe tried (6 in his work.”
in the Lord-mayor's court, between a club of
journeymen free painters, plaintiffs, and Mr Row, This affair was finally determined at a court of
citizen and maſter painter, defendant, for employ common-council held the twenty-ſecond of No-
ing a perſon not free to work for him in the city. vember following; when, after a debate of near
The defendant, pleaded, and made it appear by four hours, ic paffed unanimouſly.
evidence, that from the want of free journeymen
of the trade, it was not poſſible for the ſummer 66 That after the firſt day of December, 1750,
buſineſs of the city to be done, without the af “ the court of Lord-mayor and aldermen might
fiftance of at leaſt an equal number of non-free grant a licence to a free maſter, who has uſed
men; and that no freeman was ever refuſed, or “ his beſt endeavours and cannot procure a ſuf-
could ſometimes be got on any terms. To which « ficient number of fit and able free journeymen
the counſel for the plaintiffs replied with a very to carry on his buſineſs, to employ ſuch num-
learned argument, upon a by-law made by the ber of foreigners, for or during ſuch time or
city in the reign of queen Anne. The jury went - times, and under ſuch reſtrictions, as to the
out at two o'clock in the afternoon, and recurned « faid court ſhall ſeem fic and neceſſary.
twice without agreeing on the verdict; and be “ That on any Tueſday, on which no court of
ing ſent out again, and continuing a long time, “ Lord-mayor and aldermen ſhall be holden, the
the court ordered them to be locked up in the power above-mentioned, ſo as the ſame do not
room, without fire, candle, or any ſuſtenance, “ exceed the ſpace of fix weeks, ſhould be veſted
by an officer ſworn to obſerve the ſame, and to " in the Lord-mayor for the time being.
attend them : in which ſituation they continued 66 That no licence ſhall be granted, by virtue
till fix o'clock next morning, when they brought cs of this act, to any freeman to employ any fo-
in a verdict for the plaintiffs.
6 reigner, unleſs he has one apprentice at leaſt,
The maſters of the ſeveral handicraft trades or has had one apprentice, within twelve kalen-
finding themſelves greatly aggrieved by this ver 5 dar months next before his application for ſuch
dict, petitioned the common-council for liberty
a licence.
to employ foreigners, under certain reſtrictions. 66 That no freeman ſhould be enabled to em-
This produced a counter-petition from the jour s ploy any foreigner by virtue of this licence,
neymen; the conſideration of which was deferred “ until he has regiſtered the chriſtian and ſur-
till their next meeting. And
name, and place of abode, of the ſaid fo-
On the 8th of February 1750 a committee of “ reigner, and in what buſineſs he is to be em-
fix aldermen and ten commoners met in the old ployed, with the town clerk of the city for the
council chamber, to hear and examine the diſ “ time being, who is to enter the ſame in a book
putes between the ſeveral maſters and journeymen “ to be kept for that purpoſe, he being paid two
freemen; when a day was appointed, and thirty “ ſhillings and fixpence for every licence ſo to be
maſters, with the ſame number of journeymen “ regiſtered : which book any freeman of this
were allowed to attend the faid committee; who, “ city ſhould have liberty to inſpect, gratis, every
after ſeveral adjournments, made their report on “ day, between twelve o'clock at noon and two
the 21ſt of June, in which they ſaid they had “ in the afternoon, (Sunday's excepted :) and if
come to the following reſolutions:
any perſon regiſtered by virtue of this licence,
66 ſhould leave his maſter's ſervice, or be diſ-
“ That the matters complained of by the ſe s charged the fame, the town clerk is, upon ap-
* veral petitioners require ſome regulation, “ plication, to inſert and enter in the licence and
« That the preſent method of proceedings in «s regiſter another perſon's name in the room of
56 the Mayor’s-court againſt perfons employing “ the perſon diſcharged, for the remaining term
non freemen likewiſe requires ſome regulation. " of the licence without any fee.
“ That the court of Lord-mayor and aldermen
66 Thar
66
CC

HISTORY and SURVE 2 of LONDON.
333
“ That the court of Lord-mayor and alder a ſerious air upon every face. The pulpits and
“ men have a power to revoke or call in any preſs were employed in calling a degenerate peo-
« licence, though the time limited therein be not ple to repentance, and in deprecating the wrath of
expired.”
heaven. “ In after ages (fays a modern writer) it
56 will ſcarcely be believed, that on the evening
On the eighth of February, between twelve “ of the eighth day of April; the open fields
and one o'clock 'at noon, the ſhock of an earth " that ſkirt the metropolis, were filled with an
quake was felt all over the cities of London and “ incredible number of people, affembled in
Weſtminſter, and parts adjacent. It was more chairs, in chaiſes, and coaches, as well as on
particularly felt by the inhabitants bordering near foot, who waited in the moſt fearful ſuſpence,
the river Thames; and at Limehouſe, Poplar, &c. « until morning and the return of day diſproved
it was ſo violent, that many boats and ſhips in the " the truth of the dreaded prophecy. Then
river received a very conſiderable ſhock. The 6s their fears vaniſhed: they returned to their
counſellors in the court of King's-bench and Chan reſpective habitations in a tranſport of joy :
cery in Weſtminſter-hall were ſo alarmed, that they were ſoon reconciled to their abandoned
they expected the building to fall; and in the new << vices, which they ſeemed to reſume with re-
buildings about Groſvenor-ſquare, people ran out 46 doubled affection, and once more bade defiance
of their houſes, the chairs ſhaking, and the pew to the vengeance of heaven."
ter rattling on the ſhelves. A ſlaughter-houſe, On the eighteenth of March, between five and
with a hay-loft over it, was thrown down in ſix o'clock in the evening; a ſhock of an earth-
Southwark, a chimney in Leadenhall-ftreet, ano quake was felt at Goſport, Portſmouth, and the
ther in Billiter-ſquare, and ſeveral chimneys and Iſle of Wight, which greatly alarmed and terri-
part of a houſe near Horſydown. And
fied the inhabitants. Several other places in Eu-
On the eighth of March, about half an hour rope, particularly France and Germany, were
after five o'clock in the morning, the town was viſited with this dreadful calamity; and the
again alarmed with another ſhock of an earth iſland of Cerigo, in the Archipelago, was almoſt
quake, which was generally allowed to be more deſtroyed, and above two thoufand of the inha-
violent, and of a longer continuance than that bitants periſhed.
which was felt that day month. Great numbers On the twentieth of April died Sir Samuel Pen-
of people were awaked from their ſleep meerly nant, Lord-mayor of London, whoſe deach was
by its violence, which, however, did no other occaſioned by an infectious fever which prevailed
miſchief than throwing down ſeveral chimneys in Newgate, and was from thence communicated
and damaging ſome houſes. The ſhock was ſo to the Seſſions-houſe in the Old Baily, where it
great in ſome parts, that the people ran from was catched by a great number of perſons, and
their houſes and beds almoſt naked. In the high proved fatal, not to his lordſhip only, but to Sir
grounds by Groſvenor-ſquare, &c. it was ſaid to Daniel Lambert, knight and alderman; to Sir
have been felt more than in other parts, the Thomas Abney, a judge of the common-pleas ;
braſſes and pewters of ſeveral kitchens being to Mr. Clark, a baron of the exchequer; to many
thrown down, and to ſome diſtance from the of the lawyers that attended the ſeſſions; to a
ſhelves on which they ſtood. In St. James's park, || greater part of the jury, and to a large number of
and all the open places, the ground moved very others who happened to be preſent.
perceptibly, and the noiſe ſeemed to break three About four o'clock in the afternoon of the
times. It was obſerved about five o'clock, that twenty-fifth of June, à man ſuppoſed to be a
there was a continual, though confuſed lighten weaver, fell from the top of the monument into
ing, till within a minute or two of the ſhock the ſtreet. He pitched againſt the top of the
being felt, which darted very low, and the flaſhes deſtal, and from thence againſt one of the poſts,
were great and ſtrong. A lady in Piccadilly, a whereby the upper part of his ſcull was laid open,
curious collector of old china, who had piled a and the other parts of his body moſt terribly
conſiderable quantity on ſtands, had it thrown ſhattered.
down and broke; bells in ſeveral ſteeples were On the 27th of June the Lord-mayor, alder-
ſtruck by the chime hammers ; and great ſtones men and common-council waited on their royal
fell from the new ſpire of Weſtminſter-abbey. || highneſſes the prince and princeſs of Wales, with
A maid ſervant in Charter-houſe ſquare was the following congratulatory addreſs on the birch
thrown out of bed by the ſhock, and broke her of prince Frederick William :
arm. The dogs howled in an uncommon manner,
and the water was ſo agitated, that the fiſh leaped “ May it pleaſe your royal highneſſes,
half a yard above the ſurface.
It was felt in Effex, Kent and Surry, as well « We the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
as in moſt parts of Middleſex; and the panic “ mon-council-men of the city of London, hum-
which was univerſal in the four counties, was con bly beg leave to preſent our moſt fincere and
ſiderably increaſed, by the predictions and admo “ hearty congratulations to your royal highneſſes
nitions of a fanatic ſoldier, who publickly preached on the birth of another prince, and the happy
up repentance, and boldly prophefied that the " recovery of her royal highnefs.
next ſhock (which he ſaid would happen the ſame “ We cannot, at prefent, better ſhew our loy-
day in the next month) would lay the cities of “ alty to the king than by paying our duty to
London and Weſtminſter in aſhes. The fanatic, your royal highneſſes, and expreſſing our un-
however, happened to be miſtaken ; but the two feigned joy at this increaſe of his majeſty's fa-
fhocks which had already been felt, had brought mily.
28
6 We
the pe-
66
PPPP

334
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
56 have !
66
66
66
" We conſider every child of your royal high- || jeſty at St. James's, to congratulate him on his
“ neſſes as an additional ſecurity of the peoples happy return, from his German dominions and
happineſs and freedom; by your examples they the birth of a prince; when the recorder made
c. will learn the practice of every ſocial virtue, to their compliments in the following ſpeech:
66 be earneſt and zealous in the cauſe of liberty,
« and to maintain our religious and civil rights. May it pleaſe your majeſty,
“ May we never want one of your royal high-
“ nefs's deſcendants to reign over a free, grate We, the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com-
“ ful, and obedient people !
mons of the city of London in common.coun-
« cil afſembled, your majeſty's truly loyal and
To which his royal highneſs returned the follow « faithful ſubjects, humbly beg leave, with moſt
ing anſwer:
" reſpectful duty to congratulate your majeſty on
your ſafe return to your Britiſh dominions, and
My Lord and Gentlemen,
" with joy to expreſs the ſatisfaction we derive
« from your royal preſence amongſt us.
" I return you my thanks and thoſe of the 66 As our zeal and affection for your royal
princeſs, for this very remarkable inſtance of “ houſe have the next place in our hearts to our
duty to the king, and regard to us.
cs zeal and affection for your royal perſon, we
“ The expectations you expreſs to have of my gladly embrace this firſt opportunity of con-
so children are moſt agreeable to me; may they gratulating your majeſty on the birth of another
always be a bleffing to this nation, and main s prince: an additional ſecurity for perpetuating
“ tain the liberty, wealth, and power it ought to “ the proteſtant ſucceflion and the Britiſh conſti-
- tution, the greateſt bleſſings theſe kingdoms
66 The city has always ſhewed ſo much parti can enjoy.
ality to me, that they may be aſſured none of “ We want words to expreſs the grateful ſenſe
66 their fellow citizens can be warmer than I we have of your majeſty's gracious acceptance
am for promoting their welfare and their “ of our duty, and your majeſty's repeated de-
• trade.”
" clarations of favour and protection. It ſhall be
our conſtant prayer, that your majeſty may long
About this time his majeſty's royal charter hav reign over a free, grateful, and obedient people;
ing paſſed the great feal for encouraging the 66 and that the ſceptre of theſe kingdoms may be
Britiſh White Herring Fiſhery, and for incorpo 56 ſwayed to the end of time by a race of princes
rating certain perſons of great wealth and diſtinc “ deſcended from your majeſty, and inheritors of
tion, by the name of “the Society of the Free “ thoſe virtues which adorn your royal perſon."
“ Britiſh-fiſhery,” for the term of twenty-one
years, his royal highneſs the prince of Wales, To which his majeſty was pleaſed to return the
on the twenty-fifth of October, (eſcorted by a following moft gracious anſwer :
party of horſe-guards to Temple-bar) went in
his ſtate-coach, attended by two others, in which 6 I thank you for this very affectionate addreſs.
were the lords of the bed-chamber, his footmen My care and attention ſhall never be wanting
and watermen walking before, to Fiſhmonger's “ for the ſupport of the trade and commerce of
hall in Thames-ſtreet, to receive the charter of my ſubjects: and the city of London may al-
the Britiſh herring-fiſhery company, as governor ways depend upon my favour and protection.”
thereof. His royal highneſs was received at the
door of the hall by Mr. alderman Bethel, preſi On the 22d of December a proclamation was
dent of the ſociety, Mr. alderman Janſſen, vice publiſhed by order of council, promiſing 100l.
preſident, admiral Vernon, general Oglethorpe, over and above all other rewards, for the diſcover-
and ſuch of the fociety as were in town; and af ing and apprehending any offender, who ſince the
terwards by the maſter and court of aſſiſtants 2oth of September, has committed, or before the
of the Fiſhmonger's company, in their gowns, 2oth of December 1751 ſhall commit, any mur-
who all waited on him to their parlour. His deror robbery by violence, or make an aſſault with
royal highneſs made a moft gracious ſpeech, offenſive weapons with intent to rob, in any of
in which he expreſſed his great regard for the the ſtreets of London, or within five miles of the
proſperity of the city of London. After which, city.
the fiſhery charter being read by the clerk of the In the beginning of the year 1751 a cauſe was
Fiſhmonger's company, his royal highneſs wiſhed tried at Hicks's Hall betwen the tin-plate workers
all imaginable ſucceſs to this national un and one Milton, whom they indicted upon the
dercaking, and declared that he had the welfare ſtatute of Queen Elizabeth, for exerciſing their
of it extremely at heart. The clerk of the com art and myſtery, not having ſerved a regular ap-
pany then thanked his royal highneſs for the great prenticeſhip to the fame. The verdict was given
honour done the ſociety, and befeeched him, in for Milton, becauſe the tin-plate workers were not
the name of the company, to accept of the free incorporated till many years after the enacting
dom thereof; and his royal highneſs being gra-
that ſtatute.
ciouſly pleaſed to accept of the ſame, it was pre At a court of common-council held the 8th of
fented to him on the twenty-fifth in a gold box of || January it was unanimouſly reſolved and ordered,
the moſt exquiſite workmanſhip.
that the Recorder's ſalary ſhould be further aug-
On the eighth of November, the Lord-mayor, mented by the additional ſum of 280l. to the fomer
aldermen, and common-council waited on his ma 12cl. and that the ſaid fum fhould be paid to
Richard
60

HISTORY and SURV E r of LONDON.
339
Richard Adams, the then recorder of London, as was read to them, and a party of ſoldiers brought
long as he ſhould continue in the ſaid office, unleſs to prevent miſchief, yet they would not diſperſe
he ſhould be thereafter made a judge in any of till one of them was ſent to Newgate.
his majeſty's courts, or accept of the office of On the twentieth of March, between ten ånd
attorney or folicitor-general; in which caſe the eleven at night died his royal highneſs Frederick
ſaid grant of 280l. ſhould ceaſe.
prince of Wales, father to his preſent majeſty
The ſame court likewiſe unanimouſly agreed || king George III. His death was occaſioned by the
to petition the parliament to apply ſuch remedy || breaking of an impoſthume between the pericar-
as might be effectual for preventing the pernici dium and diaphragm, which threw the matter
ous uſe of ſpirituous liquors; and about the contained in it upon the ſubſtance of the lungs.
ſame time the grand jury for the county of Mid His royal highneſs was faid to have caught a cold
dleſex delivered ſeveral preſentments to the court about three weeks before in Kew-gardens, and to
of King's-bench; to which was annexed the fol have encreaſed it on the twelfth by coming very
lowing writing, which had been by them unani warm from the houſe of lords with the windows
mouſly agreed to, and ſigned:
of his chair down ; foon afcer which he com:
plained of pains which were thought to be pleure-
« We, the grand jury for the county of Mid tic, and were attended with a fever. About a
“ dleſex, beg leave, in diſcharge of the duty | quarter of an hour before his death, he told
we owe to our king and country, to repreſent, doctor Wilmot who attended him, and had been
“ that returns and preſentments made of public up all the preceding night, that he was much
“ nuiſances by the conſtables from the ſeve better, and adviſed the doctor to go home: the
< ral wards, by virtue of our precept to them princeſs remained with him, to whom he foon
directed, are become a mere matter of form ; after complained of a ſudden pain, and an offen-
“ occaſioned partly (as ſome of them confeffed) five ſmell, and immediately threw himſelf back-
" from lewd, diſorderly, and gaming houſes, ward and expired. And on the thirteenth of
s and unlawful places of aſſembly, having been April at half an hour after one o'clock in the
“ often preſented without effect.
morning, the bowels of his royal highneſs, whichz
• The preſent ill ſtate of this country, in re in an urn covered with crimſon velvet, were brought
gard to idleneſs, luxury, robberies, and other from Leiceſter houſe in a coach and fix to the
“ Thameful, deſtructive practices, induces us to prince's chamber, were from thence carried to
make this repreſentation to this honourable | Henry the VIIth’s chapel, and there interred in
court, in hopes, that if it ſhall appear proſe the vault, together with the royal corpſe, at nine
" cutions upon ſuch preſentments have not been o'clock the ſame evening. The proceſſion began
« carried into execution from any defect of the at half an hour after eight o'clock at night, and
" laws, or the extraordinary expence attending || when it arrived at the abbey-garë, the corpſe was
" them, that this honourable court will be pleaf met by the dean and prebendaries, attended by
“ed to repreſent it to his majeſty for his royal || the gentlemen of the choir
, and king's ſcholars,
" confideration.
who fell into the proceſſion inimediately before
“ We are the more ſolicitous for a fummary the officer of arms, with wax tapers in their hands,
« and effectual law to ſuppreſs theſe public nui properly habited, and began the common burial
“ fances, as we conceive them to be the princi ſervice (no anthem being compoſed on the occa-
“ pal root of the enormous and threatening vices ſion) two drums beating a dead march during the
s of the age, which greatly endanger the pub- || ſervice. Upon entering the chapel, the royal
« lic peace, and every perſon's property and || body was placed on treſſels, the crown and
ſafety.”
cuſhion at the head, and the canopy held over,
the ſupporters of the pall ſtanding by; the chief
On the twentieth of February, a great num mourner and his two ſupporters feated in chairs
ber of failors affemoled at the Fountain tavern at the head of the corpſe ; the lords aſliſtants,
behind the Royal Exchange, having miſtaken the maſter of the horſe, groom of the ſtole, and
fenſe of an advertiſement inſerted to procure a lords of the bed-chamber, on both fides; the four
meeting to conſult agents and managers, how to white ſtaff-officers at the feet, the others ſeating
obtain a few bounty bills, for which they were themſelves in the ſtalls on each fide the chapel;
not proper vouchers; and imagined themſelves the biſhop of Rocheſter, dean of Weſtminſter,
ſummoned to receive money, and (upon their then read the firſt part of the burial ſervice, after
diſappointment) that the advertiſement was pub- || which the corpſe was carried to the vault, pre-
liſhed by one who had before fummoned them, ceded by the white ſtaff-officers, the maſter of the
and raiſed two ſubſcriptions, they were ſo irritated horſe, chief mourner, his ſupporters and affift-
as to force the agent into a coach, and carry him ants, Garter king of arms going before them.
to the Lord-mayor: here they were adviſed to When they had placed themſelves near the vault,
apply to the admiralty, where they went, and the corpſe being laid upon a machine even with
afterwards to juſtice Fielding, who not being at the pavement of the chapel, was by degrees let
home, they returned to the Lord-mayor, who, to down into the vault, when the biſhop of Rochef-
prevent the agent being pulled to pieces, had ter went on with the ſervice ; which being ended,
ſent him to Newgate. And ſome ill deſigning Garter proclaimed his royal highneſs's titles.
people having reported that their money was ar As foon as the proceſſion began to move, two
Mr. Belchier's, in Lombard-ſtreet, they aſſem rockers were fired off in Old Palace-yard, as a
bled before his houſe, and threatened to demo ſignal for the guns in the Park to fire, which
lith it; and notwithſtanding the proclamation were followed by thoſe of the Tower; during
which

336
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
1358
which time the great bells of Weſtminſter, and the livery in the following moſt genteel and oblig-
that of St. Paul's, toiled, as did moſt of the ing manner :
pariſhes in and about London.
On his royal highneſs's coffin was a ſilver plate
" Gentlemen,
with a latin inſcription, fignifying his titles and
defcent, and that he died the 20th of March “ After the trouble which I have had ſo large
1751 aged 45.
a ſhare in giving you, by my application for
About this time Sir John Boſworth, knight, re your favour to ſucceed Sir John Boſworth in
figning the office of chamberlain of the city of " the office of chamberlain, this day ſo worthily
London, on account of his ill ſtate of health, the ſupplied, I ſhould deem myſelf inexcuſable in
citizens ſeemed deſirous to invire the late alderman quitting this place, before I rendered my
Heathcote to ſucceed him; and gave it out that " thanks to thoſe in particular who ſo generouſly
he intended to offer himſelf for that important “ have eſpouſed my intereſt ; to your new-elect-
office. As ſoon as Mr. Heathcore, who was then 66 ed chamberlain himſelf, and numbers of his
at Bath, heard of this report, he ſent a letter to os friends, whoſe expreſſions and actions have
the liverymen of London, declaring that he never s done me peculiar honour, amidſt the warmth
had any ſuch intention, and did entirely decline " of their attachment to him ; to the two de-
offering himſelf for the chamberlainſhip. In con ſerving magiftrates who have preſided among
ſequence of which there immediately appeared us with impartiality, humanity, and juſtice;
the following candidates : Mr. Deputy Harriſon, " and, laſtly, to all in general, for their candour,
Mr. Richard Glover, Mr. deputy Hodges, Mr. “ decency, and indulgence.
Thomas Meakes, and Mr. deputy Pycroft. When " Gentlemen, heretofore I have frequently had
they were put in nomination at the common-hall, « occaſion of addreſſing the livery of London
the majority of hands was declared in favour of " in public; but at this time I find myſelf at an
Mr. Harriſon. However, a poll was demanded “ unuſual loſs, being under all the difficulties
by the friends of Mr. Glover, Mr. deputy Hodges, "s which a want of matter, deſerving your notice,
and Mr. deputy Pycroft ; and on caſting up the -
can create. Had I now your rights and privi-
books, the numbers appeared as follows:
leges to vindicate, had I the cauſe of your ſuf-
"fering trade to defend, or were I now called
For Mr. Harriſon
1938
" forth to recommend and enforce the parlia-
Mr. Glover
mentary ſervice of the moſt virtuous and illuf-
Mr. Pycroft
542
“ trious citizen, my tongue would be free from
Mír. Hodges
474
" conſtraint, and, expatiating at large, would
" endeavour to merit your attention, which now
There being a majority of five hundred and 66 muſt be ſolely confined to ſo narrow a ſubject
eighty voices for Mr. Harriſon, he was declared as myſelf. On thoſe occaſions, the importance
duly elected chamberlain of the city of London, “ of the matter, and my known zeal to ſerve
in return for which he immediately paid his re you, however ineffectual my attempts might
ſpects to the livery in the following ſpeech :
prove, were always ſufficient to ſecure me the
“ honour of a kind reception and unmerited re-
« Gentlemen,
gard.
“ Your countenance, Gentlemen, firſt drew
“ I return you my warmeſt and moſt ſincere me from the retirement of a ſtudious life ;
« thanks, for the very high honour you have your repeated marks of diſtinction firſt pointed
“ done me, in electing me chamberlain of this me out to that great body, the merchants of
great and opulent city.
" London, who, purſuing your example, con-
5 So honourable a preference ſpeaks the more «s deſcended to entruſt me, unequal and unwor-
“ favourable opinion you are pleaſed to entertain thy as I was, with the moſt important cauſe, a
« both of my integrity and abilities: the former " cauſe, where your intereſt was as nearly con-
“ of theſe my heart tells me you cannot be miſ “ cerned as theirs. In conſequence of that de-
s taken in, how partially ſoever you may have « ference which has ever been paid to the fenti-
judged of the latter. I fatter myſelf therefore, "ments and choice of the citizens and traders of
“ that by a due exertion of theſe abilities (ſuch “ London, it was impoſſible but ſome fainc luſtre
as they are) in a diligent and conſcientious dif “ muſt have glanced on one, whom, weak as he
“ charge of the important truſt repoſed in me, I “ was, they were pleaſed to appoint the inftru-
« ſhall be honoured with the continuance of your 66 ment on their behalf; and from theſe tranſac-
“ favour and protection.
“ tions I accidentally acquired the ſmalleſt ſhare
“ Give me leave, gentlemen, once more to "s of reputation, it was to you, Gentlemen of
" thank you, and, with a heart overflowing with “ the livery, that my gratitude aſcribes it; and
“ gratitude, to aſſure you, that I ſhall endeavour Ijoyfully embrace this public opportunity of
sc to act, both in my public and private capacity, " declaring, that whatever part of a public cha-
as becomes a faithful ſervant of the corpora “ racter I may preſume to claim, I owe prima-
«« tion, and a fincere friend to every individual rily to you. To this I might add the favour,
« member thereof."
“ the twenty years countenance and patronage
" of one, whom a ſupreme degree of reſpect
After Mr. Harriſon had finiſhed his ſpeech, « ſhall prevent me from naming ; and though
Mr. Glover, who had declined the poll, addreſſed “ under the temptation of uſing that name, as a
certain
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
337
66
66
66
" certain means of obviating ſome miſconſtruc (6 highneſs the princeſs of Wales, and the birth
tions, I ſhall, however, avoid to dwell on the
“s of a princeſs.
memory of a loſs fo recent, fo juftly and ſo “ As we are truly fenfible of the bleſſings we
univerſally lamented. Permit me now to re enjoy under your majeſty's government, and
« mind you, that when placed by theſe means in are convinced that the ſecurity of our rights
a light not altogether unfavourable, no lucra 66 and liberties, in time to come, depend on the
us tive reward was then the object of my purſuit, proteſtant ſucceſſion eſtabliſhed in your illuf.
“ nor ever did the promiſes or offers of private " trious houſe; it is at this time a peculiar fatif-
“ emolument induce me to quit my indepen " faction to us, that we have once more the ho-
$ dance, or vary the leaſt of my former profeſ « nour of congratulating your majeſty on the in-
" fions, which always were, and remain ſtill “ creaſe of your royal family.
“ founded on the principles of univerſal liberty ; “ And, upon this occaſion, permit us, Sir, to
s principles, which I aſſume the glory to have 66 render our moſt dutiful thanks to your ma-
“ eſtabliſhed on your records. Your ſenſe, livery jeſty, for a late ſignal inſtance of your majeſty's
men of London, the ſenſe of your great cor “ paternal care of your people, in the proviſion
“poration, fo repeatedly recommended to your " made by parliament for the future tranquillity
repreſentatives in parliament, were my ſenſe, cs of this kingdom: a proviſion moving prima-
" and the principal boaſt of all my compoſitions, rily from your majeſty's goodneſs, and brought
"contained matter imbibed in my earlieſt edu to perfection by your majeſty's wiſdom. Yet,
cation, to which I have always adhered, by " wiſe and ſalutary as it is, we cannot forbear to
" which I ſtill abide, and which I will endeavour " expreſs our wiſhes, that a long continuance
to bear down with me to the grave. And even "s of your majeſty's life may make it unne-
at chat gloomy period, when deſerted by my
66 ceſſary.
good fortune, and under the ſevereſt trials, even • Fixed in theſe ſentiments of duty and grati-
" then, by the fame conſiſtency of opinions and “ tude, our prayers ſhall always be, that your
uniformity of conduct, I ſtill preſerved that majeſty may long reign over us ; and that the
part of reputation which I originally derived “ throne may be filled by your majeſty's deſcend-
« from your favour, whatever I might pretend ants even to remoteſt ages.'
" to call a public character, unſhaken and un-
" blemiſhed; nor once, in the hour of affliction, On the twenty-ſecond of October a cauſe was
“ did I baniſh from my thoughts the moſt ſincere heard before the Lord-mayor and court of alder-
« and conſcientious intention of acquitting every men about laying open the port of London for
“ private obligation as ſoon as my good fortune bringing in foreign oats, purſuant to a ſtatute 1.
“ Ihould pleafe to return; a diſtant appearance || James II. empowering that court in April and Oc-
" of which ſeemed to invite me, and awakened tober to determine the common market prices of
«« ſome flattering expectations on the rumoured middling Engliſh corn, by the oaths of two ſub-
“ vacancy of the chamberlain's-office; but, al ftantial perſons of Middleſex and Surry, being
ways apprehending the imputation of preſump neither merchants, cornfactors, mealmen, nor
« tion, and that a higher degree of delicacy and factors for importing corn, nor intereſted in the
caution would be requiſite in me than in any corn, and each having a freehold eſtate of 20l, or
“ other candidate, I forbore, till late, to preſent a leaſehold eſtate of 50l. per annum, and by ſuch
“ myſelf one more to your notice, and then, for other ways as to them ſhall ſeem fit; and if the
" the firſt time, abſtracted from a public conſi ſame ſhall appear to be above ſixteen ſhillings
deration, follicited your favour for my own a quarter, they are to certify the ſame with two
“ private advantage. My want of ſucceſs ſhall ſuch oaths annexed, to the commiſſioners of the
not prevent my chearfully congratulating this cuftoms, to be hung up in the cuſtom-houſe.
" gentleman on his election, and you on your The perſons that made the application were ſeve-
« choice of ſo worthy a magiſtrate; and if I may ral maſters of livery ſtables, and inn-keepers, and
« indulge a hope of departing this place with their opponents were the cornfactors, After a
a ſhare of your approbation and eſteem, I hearing which laſted ten hours, it was decided
« folemnly from my heart declare, that I ſhall for the cornfactors, five aldermen being for laying
not bear away with me the leaſt trace of dif open the port, and five, with the Lord-mayor,
appointment.”
who threw in his caſting vote againſt it.
On the twenty-fifth the court at Guildhall, af-
Her royal highneſs the princeſs of Wales being ter a hearing of ſeveral hours, allowed the jour-
ſafely delivered of a princeſs, the Lord-mayor and neymen taylors two ſhillings and fixpence per day
aldermen of London on the nineteenth of July, for the ſummer half year, and two ſhillings for
waited on his majeſty with congratulations on the the winter half year, and three half pence for
ſame; when the recorder made the following || ſtrong beer, to work from ſix o'clock in the
ſpeech :
morning till ſeven in the evening, which is an hour
leſs than is preſcribed by act of parliament.
“ Moſt gracious Sovereign,
On the twenty-fixth his majeſty granted his
royal charter for incorporating ſeveral of his lov-
“ We your majeſty's loyal ſubjects, the Lord. || ing ſubjects therein named, by the name of the
“ mayor and court of aldermen of the city of || ſociety of antiquaries of London. And at a meet-
“ London, humbly beg leave to congratulate || ing of the ſaid ſociety on the twelfth of Decem-
your majeſty on the ſafe delivery of her royal ber their newly granted royal charter of incorpo-
29
Q999
ration
CC
7

338
HIS TORr and SURVEY of LONDON.
ration was read, and ſeveral other deeds drawn || tilt-yard. The Lord-mayor, Sir William Calvert,
and ſigned by the preſident, vice-preſidents, and alderman Gaſcoigne, and ſeveral other gentlemen,
council, and a committee appointed to inſpect came ſoon after; and the guard was reinforced
their former rules and orders, and to draw up with another from the Tower. The fellows being
ſuch by-laws as might be neceſſary to perpetuate quite deſperate, his lordſhip waited on the duke
the fociety for ages
to come : at the ſame time the of Newcaſtle, and got an order to fire on them,
archbiſhop of Canterbury and the lord chancellor in caſe they refuſed to ſurrender. However, upon
were admitted members.
being ſurrounded in their cells, and having a par-
This is the year in which the royal affent was | ly with his lordſhip through the cell doors, they
given to the memorable act of the Britiſh legiſ- ſurrendered, and were immediately, with the
lature, for regulating the commencement of the reſt of the priſoners, double ironed and hand-
year, and for correcting the kalendar now in uſe; || cuffed.
that is, for aboliſhing the old and eſtabliſhing the On the fourth of June Thomas Winterbottom,
new-ſtile, which was already in uſe in moſt other Lord-mayor of London, died in his mayoralty,
parts of Chriſtendom. It took place the day and was ſucceeded by Robert Alfop, eſq;
following, the ſecond of September 1752, which The honourable Sir Peter Warren, knight of
inſtead of being called the third was dated the the Bath, vice-admiral of the red, and member
fourteenth. This act was modelled with great of parliament for the city of Weitminſter, having
ſkill and learning, by the earl of Macclesfield, been preſented with the freedom of the city of
and has been productive of many excellent con London for the ſignal ſervices he had done his
fequences ; in particular, the correſpondence be country in the late war, and made free of the
tween the Engliſh and foreign merchants, has company of Goldſmiths, was put in nomination
been and will be greatly facilitated, with reſpect to ſucceed the late Lord-mayor as alderman of
to the dates of letters and accounts.
Billingſgate-ward. An honour which Sir Peter
The year 1752 was introduced by a violent declined; but at the ſame time ſent the common-
ſtorm of wind which happened on the fifteenth council of Billingſgate 200l. one to be diſtributed
of March. It blew down a great number of | amongſt the poor of the ſaid ward, and the other
chimnies; and in fome places the roofs of the to be at the diſpoſal of the inhabitants. The de-
houſes were ſo beat in, that many perſons were puty and common-council waited on him again,
killed, and others greatly bruiſed and wounded. hoping to prevail with the admiral to accept that
The head of Levi, and the feet of Abraham, in office. He received them with great politeneſs, but
the curiouſly painted window in Weſtminſter ſaid it was incompatible with the duty he owed
abbey, were blown out, windows were greatly to his king and country as a naval officer. The
damaged in many places, and in St. James's-park, inhabitants, however, 'did, elect him ; and on
and the villages about this metropolis, great num. the twenty-third of June Sir Peter fent a mef-
bers of trees were torn up by the roots. The fage to the court of aldermen, deſiring to be ex-
ſhips in the river were driven from their moor cuſed from ſerving the office of an aldermen, to
ings, lighters and wherries ſunk, and many lives which he had been elected, and paid his fine of
loft.
five hundred pounds for that purpoſe. He was
About ſeven o'clock in the evening, on the ſucceeded by William Beckford eſq;
twentieth of March, three of the priſoners under · About one o'clok in the morning, on the
ſentence of death in Newgate, and ordered for twenty-ſeventh of June, a fire broke out at No. 10.
execution, viz. Hayes, Agnew, and Broughton, || in Lincoln’s-inn New-ſquare; and, for want of
(who had found means to faw off their irons) || water, in a ſhort time, that and the next build-
attacked Mr. Sinclair the turnkey when he went | ing were entirely conſumed. The honourable
to lock them up in the cells, and ſtabbed him in Charles Yorke and Mr. Hoſkyns who lay up one
ſeveral parts of the belly in ſo deſperate a manner, pair of ſtairs in No. 10, were both aſleep, and
that there were no hopes of his recovery. After eſcaped in their breeches and ſhirts at the moſt
which two of them ſtripped Derby (who was imminent hazard of their lives. All their papers,
confined there for robbing the mail) of his cloaths books, plate, furniture, and wearing-apparel were
when one put on his great coat, and the other his entirely deſtroyed, as were thoſe in the other
cloſe bodied-coat, and inſiſted on Sinclair's cal- chambers under the ſame roof. Mr. Pickering,
ling to Wood, the other turnkey, to open the clerk to Mr. Wilbraham loft upwards of 11ool.
door to let the two gentlemen out ; but, up in money and bank notes of his own, and other
on hearing a ſtruggle, he began to ſuſpect ſome-perſons, and ſecurities for 30,000l. more.
thing more than ordinary, and made an alarm ; On the twenty-ſecond of November the Lord-
when the priſoners ran to ſecure Derby, whom mayor, aldermen, and common-council waited
they ſuſpected of betraying them ; and Agnew, on his majeſty at St. James's, with their congra-
whoſe poſt it was to keep the door, upon hearing || tulatory addreſs on his fafe recurn from Germany;
a ſtruggle between his confederates and two af when his majeſty was pleaſed to confer the honour
fiftant turnkeys, who were with Sinclair at the of knighthood on the Lord-mayor, ſheriffs, re-
firſt onſet, and whom they had hauled into the corder and chamberlain.
cells) forgot his charge of door-keeper, and ran About this time an act of parliament paſſed for
to their aſſiſtance, when Derby immediately ſhut | the better preventing of thefts and robberies, and
the cell door and bolted it on the outſide, which for regulating places of public entertainment, and
faſtened them altogether in the cell. Mr. Aker- | puniſhing perſons keeping diſorderly houſes in
man, the keeper, immediately applied to the London or Weſtminſter, or within twenty miles
ſheriffs, and a guard was preſently had from the thereof. In which it was enacted, “ That as the
66 multitude

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
339
LONDON:
66
66
60
és multitude of places of entertainment for the " making oath that ſuch notice they believe to be
" lower fort of people is another great cauſe of true, and entering into a 2ol. recognizance to
" thefts and robberies, as they are thereby “ produce material evidence againſt ſuch perſon
“ tempted to ſpend their ſmall ſubſtance, and ſo “ To offending, and the conſtable into a thirty
put upon unlawful methods of ſupplying their “pound recognizance, to proſecute ſuch perſon
wants and renewing their pleaſures ; in order to at the next ſeſſions, or next aflizes; and ſuch
prevent ſuch thefts, and to correct the habit 66 conſtable to be allowed all the reaſonable ex.
" of idleneſs, from the firſt of December 1752, pences of ſuch proſecution, to be aſcertained
“ any houſe, room, garden, &c. kept for pub " by two juſtices of the peace, and paid by the
“ lic dancing, muſic, or other public entertain 66 overſeers of the poor ; and, upon conviction,
ment, in London or Weſtminſter, or within " each of the inhabitants to be paid, forthwith,
twenty miles thereof, without a licence from 6 by the overſeers, ten pounds each, on penalty
" the laſt preceding Michaelmas quarter feffions, “ of forfeiting double the ſum.
es under the hands and feals of four or more of Upon this the juſtice is to make out a war-
" the juſtices, who are hereby empowered to rant to bring the perſon fo accuſed before him,
grant licences, ſhall be deemed a diſorderly " and bind him or her over to appear at the fef-
“ houſe or place, and every ſuch licence to be 6 fions, or aſlizes, and in the mean time take fe-
figned and ſealed in open court, and not at any curity for ſuch perſon's good behaviour.
adjourned ſeſſions, and publickly read by the Upon the conſtable's neglect in any of the
clerk, together with the juſtices names ſub " above particulars, he is to forfeit 2ol.
fcribing the ſame, without any fee or reward “ And as it is difficult to prove who is the real
" for ſuch licence. And any conſtable or other owner or keeper of ſuch bawdy houſe, &c.
perſon thereto authorized, by warrant from one any perſon who acts as maſter or miſtreſs ſhall
or more of the juſtices of peace, may enter so be deemed the keeper thereof, though he, or
« ſuch houſe or place, and ſeize every perſon “ ſhe, ſhall not, in fact, be ſo. And any perſon
"found there, to be dealt with according to law: may give evidence for or againſt the defendant,
“ and every perſon who keeps ſuch houſe, &c. " though he or ſhe be an inhabitant. And ſuch
s without licence, ſhall forfeit 100l. to ſuch as “ indictment ſhall be finally determined at the
“ will ſue for it, and be otherwiſe puniſhable, as " ſeſſions or affizes, and not removed by certiorari-
" in caſes of diſorderly houſes. And over the to any other court.
“ door or entrance of ſuch houſe, &c. ſo li-
66.cenſed, ſhall be the following inſcription in One miſs Blandy was executed this year for
capital letters, Licenſed purſuant to act of par poiſoning her father, an eminent attorney at
“ liament of the twenty-fifth of king George the Henley upon Thames. And one miſs Jefferies, a
« fecond. And no ſuch houſe, &c. ſhall be young woman, with Swan, her lover, were exécut-
“ opened before five in the afternoon. The in ed for murdering her uncle, a wealthy tradeſman,
« ſcription, and reſtriction as to the time, ſhall who had retired from buſineſs, and with whom
“ be made conditions of every ſuch licence; and ſhe had lived for a conſiderable time. A large mob
« in caſe of breach of either, ſuch licence ſhall aſſembled at Tring in Hertfordſhire, and ſeizing
es be forfeited and revoked at the next general or an old woman and her huſband, under the notion
quarter feffions, and ſhall not be renewed to of their having commerce with the devil, treated
“ the ſame perſon ; always excepting the theatres them with ſuch inhumanity, by ducking and
“ of Drury-lane, Covent-garden, and the Hay- beating them, that the woman died on the ſpot,
" market, or any other licenſed by the crown or and the man with difficulty eſcaped with his
« lord chamberlain.
life ; for which murder one Colley, a chimney-
“ And to encourage proſecutions againſt perſons ſweeper, was executed. Two felons, Welſh and
es who keep bawdy-houſes, gaming-houſes, or Jones, were diſcovered to be the perpetrators of
“ other diſorderly houſes, upon any two inhabi a rape and murder for which one Coleman, a
tants, who pay ſcot and lot, giving notice in brewer's clerk, had unjuſtly ſuffered. Thoſe
“ writing, to a conſtable or other peace officer, wretches were preſent at Coleman's execution,
« of any perſon keeping ſuch diſorderly houſe, the heard the declaration of his innocence, and drew
« conftable ſhall go with ſuch inhabitants to a the cart from under him. Both of them were
juſtice of peace, and upon ſuch inhabitants || hanged, confeſſing the crime.
92
66
ca
STA
СНАР,

340
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
CHAPTER XLIV.
The caſe of Elizabeth Canning. A&t of parliament for purchaſing Sir Hans Sloane's curioſities.
Deſcription of the Britiſh muſeum. Execution and behaviour of doctor Archibald Cameron.
Axt of parliament for naturalizing Jews. Edward Ironſide, Eſq; dies in his mayoralty,
and is ſucceeded by Thomas Rawlinſon, Eſq; A&t for relief of conſtables. Motion for a new
bridge over the river Thames between thoſe of London and Weſtminſter. Mr. Dance's plan
and eſtimate for a new bridge. Election of members of parliament for the city of London.
Mr. Holland's verdict againſt the toll-gatherers in Smithfield,
T
f
HE year 1753 was introduced by an the moſt clear falfhoods, advanced by her and
event of ſo extraordinary a nature, that her adherents, were admitted as unqueſtionable
(though little connected with hiſtory, truths ; while the witneſſes for Squires were fo
yet) it might be thought unpardonable in us en over-awed by the rabble, that they durit not en-
tirely to omit it.
We ſhall, therefore, proceed ter the court; and thoſe who had reſolution
to relate it in as conciſe a manner as poſſible. enough to give evidence in her behalf, were in-
A young woman, whoſe name was Elizabeth ſulted in ſuch a manner, that even their lives were
Canning, pretended that, on the firſt day of Ja ſometimes in danger.
nuary, as ſhe was coming home at night, ſhe Sir Criſpe Gaſcoigne, who was at this time
was mer under Bedlam-wall by two men, who Lord-mayor of London, conducted himſelf in
pulled off her gown, cap, and apron; and hav this affair with the greateſt juſtice and imparciality.
ing ſecured her mouth with a gag, threatened to Conſidering the improbability of the charge, the
kiil her if ſhe made the leaſt noiſe: that they heat, paffion, and furious zeal with which it was
dragged her along to the houſe of one Wells near proſecuted ; and being convinced of the old wo-
Enfield Waſh, where a woman robbed her of man's innocence by a great number of affidavits,
her ſtays: that ſhe was then forced into a cold, || voluntarily ſent up from the country by perſons
damp room, where ſhe was confined for a month of undoubted veracity, he, in conjunction with
without any other ſuſtenance than a few ftale ſome other worthy citizens, determined to oppoſe
cruſts of bread, and about a gallon of water : the torrent of popular prejudice. Application
that all theſe hardſhips were impoſed upon her in was made to the throne for mercy. The affair
order to make her turn proſtitute: that neverthe was referred to the attorney and ſolicitor-general,
leſs, ſhe was enabled to preſerve her virtue: and who, having examined the witneſſes on both ſides,
that having, at laſt, found means to make her made their report in favour of Squires, who was
eſcape through a window, on the twenty-ninth of firſt reſpired, and afterwards received his majef-
the month, ſhe ran home almoſt naked to her ty's free pardon.
mother, who lived near Moorgate.
A bill of indictment was preferred by the Lord-
Notwithſtanding the improbability of this mayor againſt Elizabeth Canning for perjury.
ſtory, yet it ſo powerfully operated on the paſſions Her friends did the like againſt the witneſſes
of the common people, eſpecially the enthuſiaſts from Abbotſbury in favour of Squires. The Ab-
of all denominations, that large ſubſcriptions | botſbury people appeared; but no evidence com-
were raiſed for proſecuting the ſuppoſed delin- || ing againſt them, they were acquitted. Canning,
quents. Accordingly, warrants were immedi- || being admitted to bail, at firſt abſconded, but
ately iſſued for apprehending Wells, miſtreſs of afterwards ſurrendered to take her trial, which
the houſe at Enfield Waſh, the maid ſervant, continued by adjournment five days; when ſhe
whoſe name was Virtue Hall, and one Squires, was convicted of perjury, and committed to
an old gipſey woman, whom Canning charged Newgate.
with having robbed her of her ſtays.
When Canning was brought up to the Old
No evidence appearing to convict Wells of the Bailey to receive ſentence, her council moved
felony, ſhe was puniſhed as a bawd. Hall, being for a new trial, on the affidavit of two jurymen,
intimidated by the juſtice who examined her, who ſwore, that what they had done was contrary
turned evidence for Canning, and Squires was to their conſciences; for though they believed her
convicted of the robbery, although ſhe produced guilty of perjury, they did not believe her guilcy
undoubted evidence to prove that ſhe was at Ab of wilful and corrupt perjury. The argument of
botſbury in Dorſetſhire that very night in which which point, in arreſt of judgment, was put off
the felony was ſaid to have been committed ; and till next ſeſſions ; and Canning remained in New-
during the courſe of the trial, Canning and her gate till the thirtieth of May following, when,
witneffes contradicted themſelves in many parti five judges on the bench, it was adjudged that
culars.
the verdict was a good one, and perfectly agree-
The prepoſſeſſion of the common people, how able to the evidence. After which the court
ever, in favour of Canning was ſo great, that paffed judgment, that ſhe thould ſuffer one
month's

Engravd for Chamberlains History of London
,
FEATUREDHILLHLHD-
LTEL
छैन
VIEW of the BRITISH MUSEUM
JUNI
VILLE HOTEL
JULIERER
DUUUU
RESIDE
ITE
SIEWS
IHIN
A.Smith Sculp!
VIEW of BEDFORD HOUSE.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
341
for her voyage.
count.
month's impriſonment, and then be tranſported 1 and the making apartments for the officers, coſt
to America for ſeven years. Her friends, how 15000l. more, And every part is now ſo excel-
ever, ſtuck ſo cloſe to her, that they obtained lently contrived for holding this noble collection,
permiſſion for her to tranſport herſelf, and ſhe and the diſpoſition of it in the ſeveral rooms is ſo
was liberally fitted out with every convenience orderly and well deſigned, that the Britiſh Mu-
ſeum may juftly be eſteemed an honour and orna-
The corporation of London were fo truly ſen ment to the Engliſh nation. The contents of
ſible of the rectitude of Sir Criſpe Gaſcoigne's which we ſhall in this place give a particular ac-
conduct in the above affair, that the court of com-
mon-council, at the expiration of his mayoralty,
in their thanks preſented to him, had the follow Deſcription of the curioſities in the British
ing expreſſion : “ That the thanks of this court
MUSEUM.
“ be given to the right honourable Sir Criſpe
Gaſcoigne, kot, late Lord-mayor, for his ſteady Before we begin to deſcribe the different de-
“ perſeverance in the cauſe of juſtice, his gene partments in this ſpacious building, it may not be
rous protection of the diſtreſſed, and his re improper to inform the reader of the method to
« markable humanity."
obrain admittance.
About this time an act of parliament paſſed for | If any number, not exceeding fifteen, are in-
the purchaſe of the Muſeum or collection of Sir clined to ſee it, they muſt ſend a liſt of their
Hans Sloane, (who died the eleventh of January chriſtian and ſurnames, and places of abode, to
1753) and of the Harleian collection of manu the Porter's-lodge, in order to their being entered
fcripts, and for providing one general repoſitory in the book, in a few days the reſpective tickets
for the better reception and more convenient ufe will be made out, ſpecifying the day and hour in
of the ſaid collections, and of the Cortonian li which they are to come, which, on being ſent for
brary and the additions thereto. By which act are delivered. The fewer names there are on a
twenty thouſand pounds was paid to Sir Hans lift, the ſooner they are likely to be admitted to
Sloane's executors for his collection, and ten ſee it.
thouſand pounds to the truſtees of the earl and In the Britiſh Muſeum are three departments.
counteſs of Oxford and Mortimer for the Har The firſt is of manuſcripts, medals and coins;
leian collection. And it was enacted, that the the ſecond of natural and artificial productions ;
faid collections. together with the Cottonian li and the third confifts of printed books; excluſive
brary and its additions, ſhould be repoſited in of many articles in the hall, in the firſt room
one place, to be erected or purchaſed for that above ſtairs, and other places.
purpoſe by the truſtees therein mentioned; and In the hall you will firſt take notice of ſeven
that the collection of Sir Hans Sloane, in all its blocks of very 'hard marble, of an hexangular
branches, ſhould be kept and preſerved together | form, which were brought from the Giant's cauſe-
in the general repoſitory whole and entire, and way near Coleraine in Ireland. And next to them
with proper marks of diſtinction; and that the is a ſtone brought from the Appian road, which
Harleian collection of manuſcripts ſhall be kept || led from Rome to Brundufium.
together in the ſaid repoſitory, as an addition to Two fragments of Granite columns; ſome cu-
the Cottonian library. And the ſaid truſtees were rious pebbles, and two antique heads called Ter-
made a body corporate, with power to make ſta- | mini, which were uſed by the Romans as land-
tutes, rules and ordinances; to chooſe librarians, || marks.
officers and ſervants, and to appoint ſalaries: upon A large piece of ſerpentine marble: it was
this ſpecial truſt and confidence, « that a free called Ophites, from its reſemblance to a ſerpene's
« acceſs to the ſaid general repoſitory, and to the ſkin. It has a duſky brown ground, ſtreaked
" collections therein contained, ſhall be given to with green and pale yellow.
« all ſtudious and curious perſons, at ſuch times A beautiful large cubic piece of lava, iſſued
" and in ſuch manner, and under ſuch regula- || from Mount Veſuvius.
« tions, for inſpecting and conſulting the ſaid In another part is a painted genealogical tree
“ collections, as by the ſaid truſtees, or the ma-
of a noble Venetian family.
“ jor part of them, in any general meeting af A ſkeleton of a unicorn fiſh.
“fembled, ſhall be limited for that purpoſe." The head of a very particular kind of buffalo,
And it was farther enacted, that there ſhould be which inſtead of hair, is covered with long
raiſed 300,000l. by way of lottery, to ſatisfy and wool,
diſcharge the ſeveral ſums neceſſary for the pur The paintings on the ſide of the ſtaircaſe re-
poſes of this act: 30,00cl. of which to be put out preſent Cæſar and his military retinue, the
at intereſt in the public funds, towards paying of || chiefs of the provinces he had in part
fubdued
officers ſalaries, and other neceſſary expences. attending on him, and others on their knees, im-
Soon after the paſſing of this act it very fortu- | ploring his protection and aſſiſtance.
nately happened that, while the truſtees were at In a compartment are the feaſts and facrifices
a loſs where to purchaſe or build a proper repofi- || of Bacchus.
tory, an offer was made them of Montague-houſe, In another, the rivers Nile and Tiber are re-
in Great Ruffel-ftreet, Bloomſbury; which being || preſented by gigantic figures emblematically or-
readily accepted of, the ſame was purchaſed for namented : and there are views of emblematical
10,000l. The repairs of which, together with al- || landſcapes at a diſtance, and ſeveral fine pieces of
terations, book-caſes, cabinets, and other conve architecture.
niences for placing the whole collection properly, On the ceiling is repreſented the ſtory of Phae-
29
Rrrr
ton.
1

342
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ton: the gods are aſſembled, and the youth ap flowers, ſtatues, and other things properly ar-
pears aſking Phæbus to permit him to drive his ranged.
chariot for a day; he conſents, and in another The dome is ſupported by ſeveral atlantes, and
part is ſeen conducting him to the chariot: Diana on it is repreſented a council of the heathen gods.
is near them, and Juno is attended by Iris.
In the different compartments, The giants are
Farther on, Phaeton, with all the ardour of turned out of heaven. Mercury is ſeen ready to
youth, is driving the ſun's chariot, accompanied receive his orders, as meſſenger of the gods. In
by the hours in the form of women.
Time is re-
another appears Ceres and Neptune, Pan and
preſented by Saturn, Eternity by a woman holding || Amphitrice.
a ſerpent, and Cybele, or the goddeſs of the Phaeton is repreſented driving the chariot of
earth, appears alſo.
Phoebus, preceded by Aurora, and properly at-
On a pedeſtal, as you go up ſtairs, is the buſto tended by the hours.
of Sir Hans Sloane.
On a table in this room is a fine model of Lao-
In the firſt room, the ſtory of Phaeton is com coon and his two fons, encircled with ſerpents,
pleated on the ceiling. The gods are aſſembled, as deſcribed by Virgil.
and whilſt Jupiter is cafting his thunder bolts at The ſaloon is for the reception of company that
Phaeton falling from the chariot, you ſee Saturn, || happen to come before the hour mentioned in
Apollo, Mars, Neptune, Juno, Diana, Venus, their tickets.
Cupid, Mercury, Minerva, and Bacchus, in va Having viewed the articles already mentioned,
rious attitudes, and agitated by different paſ the firſt department conſiſts of a collection of
fions.
manuſcripts, medals, and coins.
The portraits of many illuſtrious perſonages The firſt room contains two ſeveral collections
hang up in the ſeveral departments of this Mu of manuſcripts.
feum ; they are all preſents, and continually in Bibliotheca Regia MSS. Theſe manuſcripts are
creaſing in number.
in number upwards of two thouſand volumes.
This room is ſet apart for the immediate re There are in this collection ſome very ancient
ception of preſents : it contains
copies of the holy ſcriptures, and tranſations of
An Egyptian mummy, which is depoſited in them into many different Oriental and other lan-
a glaſs-cafe, in one corner of the room, as its guages.
coffin is in the other. The face of the mummy
Some old and curious manuſcripts, treating on
is covered with a gilded maſk; near its feet is a the ſubject of religion, and of the different con-
ſkull, and ſeveral bones, viz. feet and hands, feſſions of faith, in various languages.
taken from a broken mummy. Over its head are Many large volumes of hiſtory, finely wrote,
ſome ſmall earthen idols. Over the coffin is a and ornamented in a moſt elegant nanner with
ſquare caſe, in which the Egyptians placed ſome paintings.
utenſils belonging to the deceaſed, and depoſited A great number of manuſcripts relating to the
it near the body : as alſo two models of a mum hiſtory and government of the church, and other
niy, one of which they put near the coffin at the curious ſubjects.
head, they other at the feet.
Bibliotheca Cottoniana MSS. In this room is
Over the mummy is an urn of the Ibis, and likewiſe contained the Cottonian collection of ma-
ſeveral Egyptian idols in bronze. We ſhall firſt nuſcripts ; it is ancient and noble, conſiſting of
mention Ofiris: it is the figure of a man, the original charters, deeds, and evidences of facts.
body in the ſhape of a mummy, with a three There are many ancient copies of ſeveral parts
cornered cap on its head, a whip in one hand,
of the bible.
and a lituus (a ſtaff not unlike a crozier) in the But what is more particularly to be admired,
other. Iſis is figured by a woman, with the infant is an original of that great bulwark of our liber-
Orus in her lap. Orus, or Harpocrates, their ties, the Magna Charta.
fon, is the figure of a young man, holding the
Bibliotheca Harleiana MSS. Theſe are a part
fore-finger of his left hand on his lips, to enforce of the Harleian manuſcripts. The room we are
filence as the greateſt mark of prudence, and a now treating of, contains many curious copies of
reverential awe for the divinity.
the bible, and the different parts of it, in a va-
In this room are ſome natural productions ; as riety of languages. Some original manuſcripts,
ſeveral large corals, a ſubſtance produced in the treating of divinity and eccleſiaſtical matters ;
ſea, but in what manner is not yet determined by alcorans, and other Turkiſh books; and a Tho-
the naturaliſts.
rah, the five books of Mofes, finely wrote in
Here are likewiſe various ſpecies of corals ; Hebrew on a vellum roll.
and in one of the repoſitories is a curious large In this room is a ſeries of Engliſh medals, be-
brainſtone, which is of the nature of coral. ginning with William Rufus, and reaching down
In one of the cabinets is a wafp's neſt, which to the preſent times.
is very curious ; and in ſpirits you ſee a vulture's Bibliotheca Harleiana İl. This room contains
head, ſome ſerpents, birds, ſpiders, lizards, and another part of the Harleian manuſcripts, treat-
other articles; but what muſt attract particular | ing chiefly of philoſophical, hiſtorical
, and phi-
notice, is a fine young flamingo ſtuffed.
lological ſubjects, in a variety of languages, and
Here is a fine jay, brought from the Eaſt-
by many
different authors.
Indies, and the back-bone of an elephant petri In this room is a ſeries of French medals, be-
fied.
ginning with thoſe of Pharamond.
The ſaloon is finely ornamented with freſco Harleiana III. Charte & Rotuli. This fourth
paintings, conſiſting of architecture, ftair-caſes, room of the department contains the Harleian
collection

HISTORY and SURVÉ V of LONDON.
343
collection of orignals (or very ancient and authen charms, or preſervatives againſt bad fortune, un-
tic copies of) charters, acts of parliament, deeds, foreſeen accidents, ſickneſs, &c.
warrants, rolls, and other inſtruments in writing, The head of Anubis, or Cynocephalus; a dog
relative to a great number of tranſactions at home which in Egypt they worſhipped.
and abroad.
Figures of a cat, a monkey, &c. ſcarabs, beetles
In the fifth room is carefully preſerved, in fe of various ſizes made of marble, agate, cornelian,
veral ſmall cabinets, Sir Hans Sloane's collection &c.
of medals. Their number is ſaid to be upwards Some ſmall oblong pieces of enamelled earth,
of twenty thouſand.
notched, as is in general conjectured, to mark the
Bibliotheca Sloaniana MSS. The ſixth room riſing and falling of the water of the Nile. Alſo
contains Sir Hans Sloane's manuſcripts. They a cylinder, and ſome pebbles curiouſly marked
are a valuable collection, though not ſo ancient with hieroglyphics and figures, and fome Phoe-
as thoſe already mentioned. Their ſubjects are nician feals.
comprehenſive, and conſequently may be eſteem Antiquitates Hetruſcă. The four repoſitories
ed of general uſe. There are many original trea under this title contain Hetrufcan antiquities.
tiſes on philoſophy, phyſic, natural hiſtory, and, The firſt are ſome bronzes; as a figure of Mars,
in fine, almoſt the whole circle of ſciences. the god of war; a Deus Averruncus, the god who
In this room is to be ſeen a table of the pon- || preſided over the common fewers; a head of Pro-
tifical medals, beginning with Martin the fifth, || ferpine, &c.
(who was the firſt of the popes that ſtruck them A great number of veſſels of different forms,
good) and carried on in a chronological feries to made of a kind of fine pale red earth; fome of
the preſent times.
them plain, but elegantly varniſhed ; others
The ſecond department contains natural and painted with figures, letters, and various orna-
artificial productions.
ments. Theſe veſels conſiſt of amphoras, or
Colle Etio Sloaniana. There are many pieces of vaſes with two handles, and covers to them very
antiquity in this room, conſiſting of a great num curiouſly painted and ornamented.
ber of urns, veſſels, &c. uſed of old by different Jars with triangular mouths, intended to pour
nations.
water on the hands of the prieſts, or for libations
Antiquitates Ægyptiaca. In the repoſitories in their facrifices.
bearing this title are a great number of Egyptian Many pateras, diſhes, of various ſhapes and
antiquities ; and firſt, ſeveral bronze figures, ſome ſizes; ſome of them have pedeſtals.
repreſenting Iſis with the infant Orus on her lap; Cups for containing the great variety of pre-
in others ſhe is ſtanding with a variety of fym- || cious ointments that were formerly in uſe.
bols.
Some pateras very large, and ornamented with
Here are ſome figures of Oſiris, repreſented by figures and Hetruſcan letters.
a man with a large beard.
Some urns of plain alabaſter, and others very
A figure of an old bearded man, with a kind || large, but ornamented with the fame kind of
of baſket over his head.
figures and infcriptions as the large pateras above-
A muſical inſtrument of metal, in form of a mentioned. The letters do not agree with any
racket, traverſed by ſeveral moveable bars. alphabet now in uſe, or known.
An urn, with a cover cemented to it, contain Antiquitates Romane. The next fix partitions
ing an Ibis; its form is that of an inverted are filled with Roman antiquities, and conſiſt of
ſeveral ancient figures, buftos and baſſo relievos
A baffo relievo in marble, repreſenting an idol of various kinds, and other curious articles.
of Mendes in Egypt, where they formerly wor Firſt the copy of an antique piece of ſculpture,
ſhipped a goat.
made to perpetuate the memory of a ſlave that
An alabaſter urn, with a cover made in form diſcovered a dangerous conſpiracy againſt Rome,
of a hawk's head, and marked with ſeveral hieto whilſt grinding his knife.
glyphics.
Some wreſtlers in ftucco.
A great number and variety of ſmall earthen Lucina the goddeſs of childbirth, Æſculapius
figures, ſhaped like mummies, with the head of the god of phyſic, fome veſtals and facrificing
Ilis, or Ofiris, ſome adorned with heiroglyphics, | veſſels in marble, and many marble heads, parti-
others plain.
cularly of the emperor Adrian, Hercules, Plato
Several buſtos and groups of figures in earthen the Philoſopher, Juno, and others.
The bronze figures of Venus, Cupid, Hercules,
A veſſel of white porous earth, which is ſaid Mars, &c. &c. Likewiſe the heads of Juno,
to have a particular quality ; for if you fill it Diana, Apollo, Mercury, Minotaurus, Faunus,
with water, and lay ſeeds of ſmall faller in the &c.
furrows of the outſide, they will grow, and be | Uncommon maſks, various votaries or obla-
fit for uſe in a few days.
tions, models of circuſes, the places where they
At the upper end of the table are ſeveral more exhibited their public games; and ſeveral pieces
figures in metal of Oſiris, Iſis, Harpocrates, | of ſtones, bricks, and earthen pipes, dug out of
Egyptian prieſts, &c.
the ruins of the ancient Roman buildings, aque-
An Egyptian god repreſented by the figure of ducts, &c.
Sacrificing Inſtruments. Under this head are a
Several ſmall amulets with loops to them, || variety of odd fancied metal lamps; fome like
which the Egyptians wore about their perſons, as animals ; others, monſters as have not their like-
neſs in nature.
A facris
cone.
ware.
a bull.

344
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
A facrificing knife, ſimpulums, chalices, ladles, On the table of Roman antiquities are ſeveral
and other inſtruments of braſs, uſed by the prieſts
heads and buſtos, of which the head of Mercury,
in their facrifices.
with a chain fixed to it, deſerves notice.
A great number of Roman pateras, and diſhes, Some pieces of bricks and tiles with figures and
various in form and ſize.
letters ftamped on them.
Lacrymatories. Theſe were ſmall glaſs, or Here are likewiſe ſome figures of animals, and
earthen boteles, chiefly in the form of Phials. At heads of canes or ſticks; and the ſpecimens of
the Roman funerals, the friends of the deceaſed the Roman fibulas, a kind of buckle or claſp,
uſed to fill them with their tears, and depoſit them uſed by them to faften their upper garments.
with the aſhes.
Alſo a variety of keys of different forts, par-
A number of earthen fepulchral lamps of va cicularly the ring key, which for greater ſecurity
rious forms.
was worn on the finger; and ſome bracelets and
Several ſquare urns, with covers and inſcriptions | other ornaments, &c. of metal.
on them. And others of a more ordinary kind Various kinds of meaſures for oil, pulſe, &c.
of Roman and Britiſh urns, wherein the ancients Some corn brought from the ruins of Hercu-
after having burnt the bodies of the deceaſed, de-
laneum.
poſited their aſhes, burying them with the lamps, Some Turkiſh taliſmans, or charms, with ara-
lacrymatories, &c. already deſcribed.
bic inſcriptions, being generally a fentence of
Antiquitates varie. T. Hollis, armr. dono dedit. the Alcoran.
Under this title are preſerved a collection of an Some tahbahs or ſeals, (inſcribed with Arabic
tiquities of various kinds, which T. Hollis, eſq; words) which the Turks uſe inſtead of figning
gave to the Muſeum.
their names.
The firſt are an alabaſter round urn with a co Some taliſmans and abraxas, a kind of ſpells or
ver, and another of the ſame kind, but ſquare : charms. Many of them are marked with the
theſe were for the purpoſe of depoſiting aſhes. conſtellations; others have the figures of angels,
Several bronze figures of Egyptian idols,
&c.
prieſts, &c.
A ſnuff-box made of the lava of Mount Veſu.
A Typhon, Hercules, Mercury, Silenus, &c. vius.
and ſome more Hetruſcan veſſels.
A ring ſet with a tranſparent agate.
Several figures of Roman gods, heroes, gene Two pieces of ſerpentine ſtone for the lid and
rals and ſoldiers.
bottom of a ſnuff-box, and ſome pieces of me-
Some marble buſtos of Janus, Bifrons, Her tallic cryſtal from mount Ætna.
cules, Balbinus Lucina and Diana.
Among ſome bronze figures brought hither
Some large earthen jars, which the ancients with the Cotton library, is one particularly worthy
uſed for philtration of liquids.
of remark, the naked body being covered with a
American idols. Theſe are made of earth, and rough ſubſtance, and upon the whole bears a
either burnt or hardened in the ſun.
great reſemblance to the porcupine man, who
Next is a Japoneſe pagod, a model of a tem ſome years ago ſhewed himſelf to the Royal
ple with an idol in it.
Society.
Several kinds of Indian pots and a variety of Some thread, corn, hinges, and other matters,
other articles by them applied to domeſtic uſes. brought from the ruins of Herculaneum.
A neft of baſkets made of the bark of a tree, Leiheuillier, dono dedit. We find here ſome
and edged with porcupines quills, died of various Egyptian idols of a ſmall ſize ; among them is a
colours; and ſome large baſons and ewers, of a figure of Harpocrates, adorned with all the ſym-
pale green jaſper with black ſpots.
bols he is ever repreſented with.
On the ſides of the room are hung up in frames Over the repoſitories in this room, are a great
ſeveral pieces of ſtucco ceilings, &c. ſome of || variety of modern and ancient articles, brought
them brought from Nero's bath at Rome, others from the ſeveral diſtant parts of the world; par-
from Pompeii.
ticularly a large calabaſh (a kind of American
A Bacchus of alabaſter, and two earthen diſhes | vegetable) in the form of a globe.
of Raphael's painting.
Some Indian ſhields made of hides of the
The ſword of ſtate of Hugh Lupus, firſt earl rhinoceros, or elephant.
of Cheſter ; and ſome baſtinadoes, which are in Many ſpecimens of hats of all ſizes, and va-
ftruments of puniſhment uſed by the Turks to rious materials.
beat the ſoles of the feet of offenders.
Fans from Japan, China, Tonquin and other
Some calumets of peace, large tobacca-pipes, || places ; one of them is a remarkable large
which the Indians of North America uſe as a co ſize, and made of the ſingle leaf of a taliput
ken of friendſhip.
Some whiſks made of an Indian cow's tail, and Here are fome drums, targets, and a great
bruſhes of fibrous roots and feathers.
number of inſtruments of war.
A variety of muſical inſtruments from the A variety of American houſhold utenſils, made
Eaſt and Weft-Indies; ſome of which are wind of vegetables, chiefly gourds ; and ſome ſnow
inſtruments, others have ſtrings: likewiſe drums ſhoes and fledges uſed in the northern nations of
of ſeveral kinds from China and America, but || Europe.
more particularly ſome from Lapland.
Collectio Sloaniana. This room contains a col-
A great variety of ancient mathematical in lection of minerals and foſſils.
ftruments.
Silices. Achates, Sardi, In the cabinet under
theſe
tree.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
345
theſe titles are many ſpecimens of Aints, agates,
In the cabinet between the windows are a great
and cornelians.
variety of incruſtations and petrifactions, as ſhells,
At the top are ſome large pieces of chryſtal, corals, and other things.
brought from the Hartz-foreſt in Germany, and In the two large tables are a very curious col-
other mines.
lection of foſlil ſhells, figured foffils, natural and
Iafpides. Jaſper, a low.prized precious ſtone. || fimple foſſils, and particularly of minerals.
Heliotropium, the blood ſtone. Ophites, the Colle&tio Sloaniana. This room contains a fine
ſerpentine marble. The Nephritic ſtone. Many collection of foffil ſhells, figured foſſils, recent
fores of Aorid jaſpers, diſtinguiſhed by a great
ſhells, and ſome other articles. This is not the
variety of colours: ſome have, by the hand of leaſt curious part of the Muſeum ; and the re-
nature, delineated on them repreſentations of ri cenc ſhells here preſerved particularly claim the
vers, trees, landſcapes, ruins of buildings, &c. attention of the ladies; many of them are very
Apyri. Sulphura. ' In this repoſitory are many ſcarce and valuable, others remarkably beautiful.
ſpecimens of itones that relift fire, and of the Among the contents of the repoſitories, or ca-
different kinds of Sulphers, or inflammable mine-
binets round the room, are,
rals. Apyri, opake rough ſtones. Lapis, Olla Salactites. Theſe are a kind of ſtones formed
ris, a ſoft ftone. Mica, che glimmer. Talc, a by droppings of water, which being impregnated
ſhining ſtone. Amianthus, an opake browniſh with certain ſtony particles, by degrees petrify,
ſtone. Albeſtos, the cotron-ſtone. Ambers of and grow to the hardneſs of a ſpar, and conſiſt of
various kinds. Bitumens, jets, and coals, and
ſeveral coats.
the Aſphaltus, or Jews picch. Sulphurs, or
The Ludus Helmontii or waxen veins, as they
brimſtones.
are often called. This ſtone conſiſts of ſeveral
Mineraiia. Metallica. In this repoſitory is to pebbles bedded in a maſs of pure earth, which is
be ſeen a large collection of ores, from almoſt all grown to the hardneſs of a ſtone.
the known mines in the world.
Under this title are depoſited a human ſcull
Here we find alſo many ſpecimens of the dif and a ſword, both of which are compleatly co-
ferent kinds of jaſper.
vered over and incruſted with the ſame ftony ſub-
Likewiſe a rough Egyptian pebble, broke into ſtance to a conſiderable thickneſs, yet without
two parts; on each piece is a perfect reſemblance loſing their form. They were found in the Tyber
of the head of Chaucer, as he is uſually painted,
at Rome
entirely the work of nature.
Siliquaftræ, many ſpecimens of the palates of
Various pieces of Lapis Lazuli, or azure
various kinds of fiſh,-- petrified crabs.
ſtone,
Zoolithi, petrified parts of land animals.
Next to theſe are a great number of ſpeci- Among other ſpecimens are the grinders of an
mens of precious ſtones of all kinds, opake and elephant, &c.
tranſparent, rough and poliſhed, ſome luoſe, others Calculi, ſtones or balls found in the ſtomach
ſet.
or other parts of the inteſtines of animals.
Here are a great variety of pearls, particularly Under this head are depoſited the Bezoars;
one of a purple colour, and another in the form they are found in the inteſtines of an Indian
of a bunch of grapes.
goat, and have been deemed of great uſe in me-
Among the models of diamonds, is that of dicine.
Pitt's brilliant, which was fold to the king of Under this title likewiſe are the ſeveral ſpeci-
France for 120,000l. The preſent king wears it mens of ſtones extracted from human bodies, the
in his hat inſtead of a button ; its weight is 1363 larger from the urine bladder, the ſmall from the
gall bladder, and the ochers were formed in the
A model of a fine roſe diamond, weighing kidneys.
139 carats, being 2 carats more than Pice's The contents of the next room are no leſs
brilliant juſt above-mentioned; but, not having curious and worthy of notice than the fore-
ſo fine a luftre, is not ſo valuable. This diamond || going.
formerly belonged to Charles the Bold, the laſt Vegetabilia. Fructus. Ligna. Under theſe ti-
duke of Burgundy; and is at preſent in the tles are comprehended a great variety of foreign
poſſeſſion of the emperor of Germany.
fruits, different kinds of aromatic and other cu-
Among a great variety of chryſtals, manufac rious woods, many ſorts of gum, barks, and
tured into vales, cups, boxes,' &c. are fome a numerous train of other vegetable produce
beads and balls of Chryſtal. Likewiſe fome tions.
bright glittering ſtones, and ſome pieces of coral, Here are four tables of ſea productions, chiefly
finely cut in various ſhapes.
of the coral kind, diſpoſed of their ſeveral
In this table is a great deal of amber manufac claſſes in the form of landſcapes. On each
tured, particularly a fine cabinet, a curious crab, | of theſe tables there is a ſhort account of the
ſome bells, bottles, handles for inſtruments, &c.
tota
and ſome pieces of amber, in the ſubſtance of Neſts of infects.
which infečts are incloſed.
Here are depoſited ſeveral waſps neſts, a large
Here is a peſtle, mortar, and plate of Egyp- horner's reft, many neſts of ſpiders, fome hum-
tian porphyry.
ble bees cells, and ants neſts of various kinds.
In this room is the collection of Guftavus Here is a curious ſpider's neſt brought from the
Brander, eſq; it is very curious and conſiſts chiefly Weſt-Indies to which the infect has with great na-
of ſuch ſpecimens as are to be ſeen in the Sloanian tural ſkill and ingenuity contrived a valve or crap-
collection,
door to ſecure the entrance, thereby defending its
29
Sfff
progeny
carats.
contents,

346
HIS TORY and SURVEY of LONDON.)
progeny from the attack of ſome enemy of the In the ſecond of the ſmall tables are preſerved
fpecies.
ſeveral very curious models.
Nefts of birds. It is impoſſible to attempt A ſmall half-length of Sir Thomas Greſham,
noticing all the neſts that are here preſerved. neatly carved in wood in relievo.
The hanging neſts, from the Indies, claim our Many impreſſions taken in glaſs paite from
firſt regard; they hang by a ſlender filament to a antique feals.
ſmall twig of a cree, and are by that means put A number of impreſſions taken in ſulphur,
out of the reach of any enemy of the quadruped from the ſeals, gems, and carved ſtones of the
or reptile kind. The neſts of the various forts king of France's cabinet.
of humming birds are pretty, particularly one, The third ſmall table is entirely filled with the
on which a very beautiful bird is fitting. The remainder of the impreſſions from the king of
king fiſher's neſt, and that of the tom tit, are France's cabinet.
not unworthy of remark. Here is a neft from The firſt of the large tables contains a great
the Eaſt Indies, about the ſize of a gooſe's egg, number of inſects of various kinds; thoſe that
and in ſubſtance not unlike iſinglaſs : it is made firſt occur, are ſuch as have moveable cruſtaceous
by a ſmall Indian ſwallow of a delicate taſte. ſhields to guard their wings.
There is only one kind of neſt more to be men Beetles. The elephant-beetle, the rhinoceros-
tioned, and we have done with this title ; it is beetle, the Cervus Volans, or ftag-beetle ; the
brought from the Indies, covered with leaves, unicorn-beetle, wood-beetles, tortoiſe-beetles, ca-
which the birds are ſaid to ſew together with their pricorn-beetles, the great ſweet-ſmelling capri-
beaks, whence they have the name of taylor corn or muſk-beetle, water-beetles, the large and
birds.
long black beetle, mill-beetles, crickets, locuſts,
Eggs, are very numerous. Among others, balm crickets, or harveſt flies, boat-flies, a wa-
here are ſpecimens of the eggs of the oftrich, the ter infect, water ſcorpions. Cochineal, is a ſmall
caftoware, owls and eagles of various kinds, pen fly that feeds and breeds on the leaf of an Indian
guins, cormorants, maccaws, ſome parrots eggs, fig.
thoſe of the China pheaſant, king fiſher, miſcle In the other great table, where the inſects are
birds, and ſome remarkable blue eggs from Vir- | continued, are
ginia. There are alſo a ſmall egg contained with A kind of ſmall fly not unlike the gnat, and
in another, very curious ; ſome that have irregu the ephemeron, whoſe whole extent of life is but
lar furrowed ſurfaces, and an egg on which is a few hours.
neatly and whimſically rivetted a ſmall horſhoe. Dragon-fies, or adder flies.
Beſides theſe eggs of birds, are ſome ſpecimens Butter-fies. They are divided into ſeven claffes,
of thoſe of crocodiles, guianas, lizards, turtles, each of which contain a great variety of fpe-
and tortoiſes.
cies.
Star-fiſh. Some of the ſpecimens are very A very great number of ſpecimens, curious and
large, the number of their points or rays being beautiful, are here preſerved. The moſt remark-
various. The reticulated ſtar-fiſh, called Meduſa's able among them are, a fine green fly, the mother
head, is very curious.
of pearl, the owl and the peacock from the Eaſt
-5.* A variety of crabs of different kinds, colours, || Indies, and a remarkable fine purple fly from the
and countries ; ſome lobſters, ſea-locuſts, prawns, Weſt Indies.
Ihrimps, the black crab from Jamaica, and others Moths, divided into ſeven claſſes. Some of
from the Eaſt-Indies, finely variegated in colour; them fill the remainder of this table, the reſt
but what really moſt demands regard, is an ex being in the infect table in the next room.
traordinary large claw of a lobſter.
Collectio Sloaniana. The inſects contained the
A number of large ſea-ſhells, as helmets, buc- || great table, are
cina, &c. In the upper end of this repoſitory is Waſps, bees, ants, horſe-flies, gad-flies, or
a log of wood, with a great number of barnacles breeze-fies, gnats, inſects without wings.
ſticking to it.
Wood-lice, or millepedes. Theſe infects are
Under this title is to be ſeen the ſoldier, or her divided into ſeven ſpecies, fome rare.
mit-crab from Jamaica.
Scorpions of different forts.
- I° Over the repoſitories are diſpoſed, in order, a Gally-worms.
great number of fea productions, of the coral Several ſpecimens of the centipes from Ameri-
kind, as ſea-fans, ſea-willows, &c. and ſome large ca and elſewhere.
ſhells, as conchs, buccina, &c. together with a $Aurelias, or chryſaliſes of ſeveral ſpecies of
few of that kind called Pinna Marina, which are inſects.
a very large ſpecies of muſcle.
A miſcellaneous collection of worms.
Here are three ſmall tables. The firſt con Some neſts of infects, as ſpiders, beetles, lo-
tains ſome ſhells finely poliſhed and carved in cufts, &c.
emboſſed work.
Coccoons of Gilk-worms. Under this title is a
Some cameos cut in ſhells, and many more in ribbon made of ſpiders web, and ſome ſilk of the
onyxes, ſardonyxes, cryſtals, hyacinths, and other fame.
precious ſtones.
Tortoiſes and turtles of the ſmaller ſizes.
A variety of intaglios, in jaſpers, &c.
Parts of birds; they conſiſt of heads, beaks,
Several rings ſet with cameos, others with in talons, legs, quills, &c. Particularly to be no-
taglios of the ſtones abovementioned; and many ticed are ſome heads of the rhinoceros bird. The
antique rings and ſeals, and ſome beads made of beak of a toucan, or Brazil pye. The beak of
carved fruit-ſtones.
of a ſpoonbill, or platea, of Holland. Some
quills

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
349
armour.
qüills of the condor of South America, a bird of of a ſcaly lizard, fome lizards, guanas, and the
ſuch a prodigious ſize and ſtrength as to be able fkin of an ant bear; a flamingo, a young wild
to carry a ſheep through the air in its talons: boar, a porcupine, armadillos, an oron outon,
Parts of fiſh, conſiſting of jaws, palates, teeth, or wild man of the mountains; the head of a
back-bones, fins, &c. of various kinds of fiſh. ſea horſe, jaws of fiſh, and ſome crocodiles.
On the ſhelves round this room are a great Here are a great variety of horns of differene
number and variety of articles, preſerved in fpi- || animals, particularly the foffil horns of mouſe-
rits, from the animal and vegetable kingdoms.deer, horns of elks, the rhinoceros, rein-deer,
The firſt title that preſents itſelf to our view, is antelope, and chamoiſe. Sir Hans Sloane's fa-
Quadrupeds. Among theſe are the Armadillo, mous horned owl, ſtuffed. Some birds ſtuffed,
called by the natives of Brazil Tatu, a little ani placed in glaſs fraines ; particularly a bird of
mal covered over with hard ſcales, like a fort of paradiſe, ſome humming birds, manakeens, ſome
The Sloth, called Haii by the natives of the titmoufe kind, a Virginia nightingale, and
of Brazil ; it is ſaid this animal is a whole day in a tropic bird : and ſome portraits of feveral kinds
walking a few yards. The Yerbua, a kind of of birds taken from the life.
beautiful field-mouſe. Several kinds of mon In a large cabinet are depoſited å great many
keys. The flying ſquirrel frequent in Virginia. dried fiſh, brought from various parts of the
A hedge-hog, and the opoffum, an animal, which world ; among other ſpecimens are a ſmall faw-
in caſe of danger, protects its young in a cavity fiſh, the head of a ſword fiſh, fome Aying fiſh,
under its belly.
a dolphin, a ſturgeon, a young ſhark, a porcupine
Under this title are a great number of foetus's fiſh, a torpedo, or cramp-fiſh, &c.
of different animals, and ſome unnatural pro Over this cabinet is a ſtuffed emeu, or caffo.
ductions, among which is the cyclops pig, hav waty, a balearic crane, or crown-bird, an eaglez
ing only one eye, and that in the middle of the and a vulture.
forehead.
The ſkeleton of a very young whale, ſome
Birds. We find here a great number and va horns of the unicorn.fiſh, the head and paws of
riety of Engliſh and foreign birds, brought from the walroſs, uſually called the ſea-lion, and the
all countries, and preſerved in ſpirits. Among ſnouts of the law and ſword-fiſh.
theſe are the king fiſher, the wheat ear, the croſs We now enter upon the laſt room of this de-
bill; feveral ſpecimens of humming birds; fome partment, which is filled with productions of artz
birds of the citmoufe kind, as the blackcap, the diſpoſed in ſeveral cabinets.
blue ritmouſe or nun, and the blue American tit In the firſt cabinent is a variety of little arti-
mouſe. Among the ſpecimens are a great num cles manufactured in glafs, of different fhapes;
ber of others no leſs curious, and ſome unnatu coloured, painted, and ſpun glaſs; ſome cups,
ral productions, as a gofling with three legs, &c. diſhes, and other matters, made of paper machiè,
&c.
reſembling china ware ; and other enamelled and
Reptilia. Amphibia, Serpentia. In theſe three curiouſly manufactured bagatelles.
repoſitories are many amphibious animals in fpi In the next we muſt remark ſome articles in
rits, among them are frogs, roads, fome young great eſteem among many Roman Catholics, as
crocodiles, allegators, guanas, cameleons, fala relics, beads, &c, and fome models of ſacred
manders, the flying lizard, and other kinds of buildings. angla
lizards.
We now come to the utenſils and ornaments
The ſerpents conſiſt of ſnakes, now-worms, of the Indian inhabitants of the great continent
vipers, adders, rattle-ſnakes, aſps, hooded ſnakes, of North America, as feather crowns, necklaces,
coach-whip ſnakes, ſome amphiſbænæ, a kind of knives, and ſome curious contrivances for combs,
ſerpent whoſe head can ſcarcely be diſtinguiſhed bruſhes, &c: an Indian ſcalp, and ſome wam-
from the tail ; they are brought from South Ame pum: theſe are a fort of ſhells uſed as money
rica.
among the Indians. Here is alfo fome Caffada
Fith of many kinds in ſpirits, and among others bread, or Caſſavi; this is made of the root of a
the hippocampus, or ſea-horſe ; the flying fiſh, plant called yucca, manioc, or manihot.
the remora, pearl oyſters, the John Doree, the In another cabinet are European productions
ſea polipus, barnacles, and many others.
of art, as ſome ſmall cabinets, figures in bronze,
Inſects. Many kinds of caterpillars, beetles; and ſeveral ivory anatomical repreſentations of
locuſts, centipes, ſcorpions, ſpiders, and worms ſkulls, eyes, ears, &c. and fome fine work of
from human bodies.
turnery and carving. 10. ib.
Vegetables. Theſe conſiſt chiefly of foreign We next fee fome Japan idols, řery fmall,
fruits preſerved in ſpirits, and ſome of our own many cut out of almonds, and even grains of
produce, but of an uncommon form. There of rice: Eaſt India money, fome Chinefe figures
are alſo under this title a collection of oils, bal of their gods, men, and beaſts, made after their
fams, and other chemical preparations, extracted | fancy, and dreſſed in their faſhions, part of them
from vegetables, chiefly the growth of the Eaſt în bronze, the reſt chiefly in rice-paſte, called
Indies.
congee.
In different parts of this room on the wainſcot The model of a palanquin, a kind of chair of
over the repoſitories, &c. are ſome dried animals, ſtate, in which the grandees of the Eaſt are car-
and ſtuffed ſkins of others, particularly fome large ried on mens ſhoulders ; cards, dice, and other
bats, turtles and tortoiſes, ſharks jaws, more heads bagatelles ; forks, chopſticks, backſcratchers,
and beaks of birds, a very large ſtuffed ſnake's ſteelyards, weights, and beads for caſting up their
ſkin from Surinam in the Welt Indies, the ſkin accompés, called fchwampam.
Some

348
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
room.
Some China paper, womens ſhoes, pendants as may be had in the reign of his preſent ma-
made of beetles, inks of all colours, rulers, ſmall | jefty.
japanned vefſels, &c.
Major Edwards's Library. This is a good
In the laſt of the cabinets are various fpeci collection of Engliſh, French, and Italian books,
mens of curious earthen ware, ſome porcellain | but chiefly the laft. Ic is joined to the Cotion
cups before they are burnt, ſome other cups, library, and depoſited in this room.
which they ſay the Chineſe made of Engliſh gravel
Bilbliotheca Sloaniana. I. In this room are pre-
which happened to be carried over in one of our ſerved part of Sir Hans Sloane's, library conſiſt-
fhips; and ſeveral forts of plain, painted, and ing of books of phyſic, pharmacy, anatomy,
gili China ware of various ſhapes.
ſurgery, chemiſtry, &c.
Under glaſs bells are ſome very curious pieces Bibliotheca Sloaniana. II. Another part of Sir
of work in ivory, particularly one made by the Hans's library, containing natural hiſtory, her-
late queen of Denmark. The fower-pots in ivory baria, hortus ficcus. Here are many drawings,
are very fine.
perhaps the fineſt that are to be ſeen in the world;
Some models of Chineſe grottos; a model of particularly a book, containing ſome drawings of
captain Gilbert, made in China of the fine earth. Monf. Robert, painter to Louis XIV. of France:
The root of the tea-planc.
they conſiſt of a great number of vegetables, cu-
Here are alſo ſome pieces of ſculpture, as king rious animals, ſhells, and other natural produc-
William and king George the firſt, cutin walnut tions. Sir Hans Sloane paid this artiſt five gui-
ſhells and in ivory; the head of Baker, who neas for doing each leaf. We muſt alſo notice a
wrote the Chronicle ; alſo an impreſſion of Oliver great many drawings, elegantly coloured from
Cromwell's ſeal; paintings at large, in miniature nature by Madam Marian; they conſiſt of a great
and enamel; as a man that had an excreſcence, or variety of plants, with the inſects that fed on
wen, in form of a head growing out of his left them, and ſome other things.
breaſt.
Bibliotheca Sloaniana. III. Here are many books
A cyclops pig.
on philological ſubjects, grammars, lexicoons, cri-
A woman who had two horny ſubſtances tics creatiſes on rhetoric, geography, ſome tra-
grew out of the back part of her head; one of vels, journals, and miſcellanies.
the horns is kept in ſome of the cabinets in this Bibliotheca Sloaniana. IV. In this part of Sir
Hans Sloane’s collection, are hiſtories of all na-
Thomas Briton, the muſical ſmall-coal man. tions, ancient and modern ; ſome treatiſes on
A black whale, and a buffalo.
chronology, prints, globes, and large maps of
Several drawings in miniature, compoſed of different countries.
very ſmall writing, particularly two heads, one of Bibliotheca Sloaniana. V. This room contains
queen Anne, the other of prince George of Den treatiſes on the arts and ſciences, ſyſtems of phy-
mark. Alſo the head of the duke of Glouceſter,loſophy, ethics, aſtronomy, commerce, philoſo-
done in the ſame manner.
phical tranſactions.
Inſects and reptiles.
Bibliotheca Sloaniana. VI. The remaining part
A plantation of cochineal, with the people of Sir Hans Sloane's collection, being books of
gathering and drying it.
divinity and law.
Several flowers and plants.
Bibliotheca Regia. I. In this next room is depo-
In our way to the next department, we are led fited
part of the royal library, given by his late
down the back ſtairs, where are two canoes, the majeſty. It conſiſts of the books collected in the
one brought from America, the other from Green- | reigns of Henry VII. Henry VIII. Edward VI.
land, differing both in form and materials; the queen Mary, and queen Elizabeth. Here are
firſt is very ingeniouſly covered with the bark of | alſo ſeveral other collections, as the libraries of
a kind of birch tree, which is fixed to ſmall ribs archbiſhop Cranmer, More, Arundel, and Lum-
on the inſide; the whole boat is remarkably light, ley. In this place are preſerved the firit books
inſomuch that two men may eaſily carry it many printed in England and France; ſome are upon
miles from one lake or river to another. The vellum, others on paper.
other is entirely covered with ſeals ſkins, at a Bibliotheca Regia. II. In this laſt room of the
diſtance bearing fome reſemblance to parchment; library is depoſited the remaining part of the
the upper part of it is, as it were, decked with books given by his late majeſty. They were
the ſame materials, there being only a ſmall hole collected in the reign of James the firſt, Charles
left open in the middle for the man to fit in and the firſt and Charles the ſecond.
manage his paddle.
If any ingenious perſon has either a mind to
On the wainſcot going down theſe ſtairs, is a || improve himſelf in the ſeveral ſciences or langua-
large piece of painting repreſenting ſeveral kinds ges by reading, or is prompted by curioſity to
peruſe ſome of the valuable books of this depart-
The laſt department to be mentioned is that of ment, by applying to the truſtees, he may have
printed books.
an order to attend the reading room for a time,
Croſſing the hall, in the way from the back where there is a particular officer appointed to
ſtairs, the firſt room we enter is appropriated for provide ſuch books as may be wanted.
modern works of the preſs ; part of it is filled
The laſt room we have to mention contains
with books fent in by the Stationer's company, ſome ſea compaffes, improved by doctor Knight,
and other preſents given to the Muſeum in the ſuch as are now uſed in the royal navy, and
reign of his late majeſty ; the remaining part of ſeveral magnets, and apparatuſes, ſerving to
the preſſes are prepared for the reception of ſuch Mhew the magnetical powers in philoſophical uſes.
On
of dead game.

HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
349
66
On the ſeventh of June doctor Archibald Ca 5 theſe I have left in the hands of my wife,
meron, convicted of joining the pretender in the charging her, on her duty to her dying huſ-
late invaſion, and ſuſpected of being concerned in “ band, to tranſmit, with all convenient ſpeed,
an attempt to renew the rebellion in Scotland the a faithful cranſcript of them to you, and I am
beginning of this year, was executed at Tyburn. confident ſhe will honourably diſcharge the
On his arrival at the place of execution, he
cs' truſt.”
looked on the officers and ſpectators with an un-
daunted and compofed countenance; and as ſoon He then told the ſheriff he would no longer
as he was unlooſed from the ſledge, he ſtarted up, preſume upon his patience; but the ſheriff, with
and with an heroic deportment, ſtepped up into looks that beſpoke a great deal of concern, and
the cart, by the help of the executioner, whence, with much good-nature, begged he would take as
looking round with unconcern on all the awful much time as he pleaſed, for they would wait till
apparatus of death, he ſmiled; and ſeeing the he was ready. The doctor thanked him ; and then
clergyman that attended him coming up the ſteps, || turning to the clergyman, faid, “I have now
he ſtepped forward to meet him, and endeavoured sc done with this world and am ready to leave it."
with his fettered hands to help hiin up, ſaying, ſo He joined heartily in prayer and then repeated
-are you come? this is a glorious day to me! ſome ejaculations out of the pſalms ; after which
" it is my new birth day; there are more witneſſes he embraced the clergyman, and took leave.
at this birth than were at my firſt.” The clergy As the clergyman was going down from the
man aſked him how he did; to which he anſwer cart, he had like to have miſſed the ſteps, which
" ed, thank God, I am very well, but a litele fa the docior obſerving, called out to him with a
“ tigued with my journey; but, bleſſed be God, I chearful tone of voice, “ ſaying, take care how
am now come to the end of it.” Some perſon you go, I think you don't know this way fo
aſking the clergyman whether he would be long 66 well as I do.”
about his office, the doctor, who over-heard him, He was then turned off, and after hanging
faid, he required but very little time, for it was about twenty minutes, was cut down, his heard
but diſagreeable being there, and he was as im taken out and burnt, but his body not quartered;
patient to be gone as they were. The clergyman and on the Sunday following it was interred in the
then aſked the gentleman who had ſpoke if he large vault in the Savoy chapel.
was the ſheriff, and on his being anſwered in the When this gentleman was under examination
affirmative, he told him doctor Cameron's buſi before a committee of the privy-council, he de-
nefs there would be chiefly with him ; that he had nied his being the perſon deſcribed in the bill of
ſomething to communicate to him, if he would attainder; but at his trial he owned it, and be-
take the trouble to come near; which he very haved with decency and compoſure ; pleading the
readily complied with, and endeavoured to bring acts of kindneſs and humanity, which he had
his horſe cloſe to the cart: but finding him a performed through the courſe of the rebellion,
little unruly, and that he could not hear what particularly his having ſaved the whole town of
the doctor ſaid by reaſon of the noiſe of the || Aronche near Glaſgow from deſtruction, and his
multitude, he beckoned with his hand for ſilence, behaviour before it broke out, (which he ſaid
but to no purpoſe; whereupon he very obligingly would have been atteſted by general Wade, and
alighted, and came up the ſteps, and with great colonel Hopfon if they had been living) as in-
civility and attention liſtened to the doctor who ducements to ſpare his life. He heard his fen-
ſpoke as follows:
tence without
any
alteration of countenance, ex-
cept that his lips cloſed together, and his mouth
Sir, you ſee a fellow ſubject juſt going to began to fill, and he made three or four
three or four very low
pay
his laſt debt. I the more chearfully reſign reverences to the bench, when he retired. His
my life, as it is taken from me for doing my behaviour in the Tower was ſuch as became his
“ duty according to my conſcience. I freely unhappy circumſtances, manly and fedate, and
forgive all my enemies, and thoſe who are his death was regretted even by thoſe who abhor-
« inſtrumental in taking away my life. I thank red his principles.
« God I die in charity with all mankind.
The citizens being highly fatisfied with the
“ As to my religion, I die a ſteadfaſt, though conduct of Sir Criſpe Gaſcoigne during his mayor-
« unworthy, member of that church in which alty, it was moved in the court of common-
“ I have always lived, the church of England ; council that the thanks of that court ſhould be
« in whofe communion I hope (through the me preſented him, which being unanimouſly agreed
«s rits of my bleſſed Saviour) for forgiveneſs of to, the ſame was preſented as follows:
my ſins, for which I am heartily forry.
“ The cuſtom of delivering ſomething in Reſolved, “ that the thanks of this court be
<< writing on ſuch occaſions as this I ſhould “ given to the right honourable Sir Crifpe Gaf-
willingly have complied with, had it not coigne, kot. late Lord-mayor, for his diligent
s been put out of my power, being denied the « attendance to, and faithful diſcharge of, the
« uſe of pen, ink, and paper, except in the «s duties of that high office: for his ſteady per-
« preſence of ſome of my keepers. Buc what I « feverance in the cauſe of juſtice, his generous
« intend my country ſhould be informed of with protection of the diſtreſſed, and his remark-
“ regard to my dying ſentiments, I have, by the « able humanity : for the many generous in-
means of a blunt pencil, endeavoured to ſet « ftances of his benevolence, and great regard to
« down on ſome lips of paper, as I came by them, “ his fellow citizens, and for ſupporting the dig-
of in as legible characters as I was able ; and s nity of chief magiſtrate with the utmoſt fplen-
30
Tttt
66
si dor

350
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
“ dor and magnificence : for giving at all times 1189, when the title of Lord-mayor was firſt
“ eaſy acceſs to his perſon ; and for determining, conferred on Henry Fitz-Alwin, who continued
on every occaſion, with the greateſt candour, in that high office twenty-three years, are as fol-
" ability, and integrity.”
low: After the death of Henry Fitz-Alwin, no
ſucceeding Lord-mayor died in his mayoralty till
About this time a great commotion aroſe among Jacob Alderman, eſq; in the year 1216; nor after
the people, occafioned by an affair of a very that, till William Brown, eſq; in the year 1513,
public nature. The lords had, with great dif which was 297 years from the death of Jacob
patch, and without any great oppoſition, paſſed | Alderman, eſq; Sir William Bowyer died in 1543,
a bill “ to permit perſons profeſſing the jewiſh Sir Cuthbert Buck, in 1593, and Sir Thomas
religion, to be naturalized by parliament, | Skinner in 1596 ; ſince which period no Lord-
66 &c." and ſent it down to the commons. Here mayor died in his mayoralty till 1740, which is
the bill was ſtrongly oppoſed; but the miniſtry, 144 years from the death of Sir Thomas Skinner,
being determined it ſhould go, backed their when Humphry Parſons died in his mayoralty, it
friends in the houſe with a petition from ſeveral being the ſecond time of his election into that
merchants and craders in London for it; under office: and ſince him have died Sir Robert God-
a fuppoſition, “ that the paſſing of this bill into ſchall, Sir Samuel Pennant, Thomas Winter-
a law might encourage perſons of wealth and bottom, eſq; and Edward IronGide, eſq; where it
" ſubſtance to remove with their effects from fo is worthy of obfervation, that from the firſt inſti-
« reign parts into this kingdom, and increaſe the tution of this office in 1189, to 1740, which is 551
commerce and credit of this nation.” The years, there died only fix Lord-mayors in their
miniſtry, however, had not the ſame intereſt with mayoralty ; and from the year 1740 to 1753,
the citizens, who, conceiving a quite different there have died five.
opinion of the effects of ſuch a bill, the Lord Complaints having been repeatedly made by
mayor, aldermen and common-council, on the the citizens of London, obliged to ſerve divers
very ſame day, preſented a petition againſt it; in offices in this corporation, that the oaths of of-
which they expreffed their apprehenſions, “ that fice were of that nature and tenure as could not
6 ſhould the ſaid bill paſs into a law, the ſame be taken by conſcientious people, the common-
“ would tend greatly to the diſhonour of the council, on the 2oth of December, ordered the
“ chriſtian religion, endanger our conſtitution, ancient oaths of office, taken by the conſtables,
" and be highly prejudicial to the intereſt and inqueſtmen, and ſcavengers, to be laid aſide, and
“ trade in general, and to London in particu- || ſuch others preſcribed as were in the power of
“ lar.” The next day another ſet of London mer every conſcientious perſon to diſcharge. At the
chants and tradeſmen, following the example of ſame time a bill was paſſed for raiſing 24431. on
the corporation, petitioned the ſaid houſe in be the inhabitants of the city, for the ſupport of the
half of themſelves and all other merchants and London workhouſe. A motion was likewiſe
traders in Great-Britain; alledging, “ that ſhould made at the ſame court to conſider of the utility
" the ſaid bill paſs into a law, it would greatly of a bridge over the river Thames, between that
« affect our trade and commerce with foreign na from Filh-ſtreet-hill and the Borough, and Weft-
“ tions; and particularly with Spain and Portugal,minſter-bridge. They divided on the motion,
" and would alſo be attended with many other but it was at length carried in the affirmative by
“bad effects to the kingdom :" and praying, || 76 againſt 69. A motion was then made for ap-
that they might have leave, by themſelves or pointing a committee to conſider of the beſt plan,
council, to be heard againſt the faid bill.
ſituation, &c. of ſuch a bridge ; but that was
Immediately after this another petition was pre-
deferred to another court,
fented from a number of ſubſcribing merchants, An act of parliament paſſed this ſeſſions for the
traders, manufacturers, ſhipwrights, and com relief of conftables labouring under great dif-
manders of ſhips, in favour of the bill, as an en-
ficulties by loſs of time and expence in attending
couragement to perſons of wealth and ſubſtance upon, and conveying offenders to jail: in which
to remove with their effects from foreign parts it was enacted, “ that when offenders have not
into this kingdom, which might be employed in money ſufficient to defray the expences of con-
foreign trade and commerce, in ſhipping, and “ veying them to jail, juſtices of the fhall
the exportation of our woollen and other manu grant a warrant on the treaſurer of the county
factures. The bill was then read a third time; “ for the payment of the charges of ſuch con-
and ſome of the laſt peticioners againſt it were “ veyance. And it was farther enacted, “that
called in, and heard ; but, after very warm de " the charges of trouble and attendance ſhall be
bates on both ſides, it paſſed without any amend " allowed, by order of the court, to poor per-
fons bound to give evidence againſt felons. The
On the twenty-ſeventh of November Edward “ ſum of fixpence, and no more, to be paid to
Ironſide, eſq; (who ſucceeded Sir Criſpe Gaſ “ the officer as his fee for making out the order
coigne, knt. in the high office of Lord-mayor
on the treaſurer of the county for the money.
of London) died in his mayoralty, after having " But in Middleſex, the overſeers of the poor of
enjoyed that office only a few weeks, and gave " the pariſh where the offender ſhall be appre-
place for the election of Thomas Rawlinſon, eſq; “ hended, are to pay all charges for conveying
who was elected Lord mayor the day follow " him to jail, and for poor perſons bound to give
ing.
66 evidence."
The Lord-mayors who have died in their At a court of common council held the 22d
mayoralty, from its firſt inſtitution in the year of February 1754, a motion was made to repeal
the
peace
60
ment.
92

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
350
326
222
326
335 466
2II
the reſolution of the twentieth of December, re to be the laſt favour which I can expect. I have
lating to the building of a new bridge from Lon not of late preſumed to offer my ſervice,
don to Southwark. After ſome debates, and a knowing my inability of giving that attendance
diviſion made, there appeared a majority of two “ in parliament, which this honourable city has a
for the queſtion. On which a committee was im right to require fron its members; but the
mediately appointed to carry the ſame into exe " continuance of your polling for me is a proof
cution. This committee met on the twenty-fifth “ of your kindneſs in overlooking, my failings,
of March, and after reſolving to take into conſi " and of your affectionate regard for me. The
deration the ſtate of London-bridge, they gave ora
impreſſion which this has made upon my heart
ders for accounts of the revenue, the then ſtate of can never be effaced, of which I beg leave to
its foundation, the annual expence of repairs, and " aſſure you, and of my beſt endeavours to pro-
the produce of the rents of the houſes on the ſaid mote the good of this city in particular, and
bridge for ten years paſt, to be laid before them. as the nation in general."
And in July following Mr. Dance, the city ſur-
veyor, reported the foundation of London-bridge The conteſt on this election was the greateſt
to be very good. A motion was then made to that had been ever known: the whole body of
pull down the houſes on that bridge; and the ſur-
difſenters and the intereſt of the miniſtry uniting
veyor was ordered to prepare a plan of a commo to ſupport Sir William Calvert in oppoſition to
dious footway on each ſide of the ſaid bridge, and the-antiminiſterial livery, whoſe diſike of their
a casriage way ſufficient for four carriages to go
late favourite Sir William aroſe from his attach-
a-breast.
ment to the advocates for naturalizing the Jews.
At another court of common-council held the The number of Liverymen that voted at this
twenty-fixth of September following, the com election were 5931 ; and the number of voices
mittee made their report, and gave it as their that ſtood on the poll each day were as follows:
opinion, that the only
proper place for building
a new bridge over the Thames, was from the end
Barnard.Bethel: Ladbroke.Beckford.Glynn. Calvert.
of Fleet-ditch to the oppoſite thote : that Mr. | Tueſday 335 329 24.1 273 257 178
Dance had prepared a plan to build the fame of
Wedneſday 1082
2 1039 824 903 846 538
ſtone, which would coſt 185,950l. excluſive of
Thurſday 653 649 579 485 465 443
purchaſes, &c. That it would be proper to pull
Friday
605
642 617 428 401
723
down the houſes, and widen the ways on London-
Saturday
313 386 267 294
bridge; which might be rendered more fafe, com-
Monday
338 253
282
modious and ornamental, at the charge of 30,000l. | Tueſday 226
240 277 247
192
That the neat rent of the houſes out upon leaſe,
and neceſſary to be taken down, let yearly for
3553 3547 3390 2941 2655 2650
4301. 175. And the houſes of tenants at will (the
land-tax to be deducted) amounted to 3971. gs. per
On the election for ſheriffs this year George
annum. So that the bridge-houſe eſtate would
Streatfield and Alexander Sheafe, efqs. were cho-
looſe thereby about 8281. 6s. per annum, beſides
ſen by a conſiderable majority, but being called
the tythes, church rates, poors rates and land tax,
upon to give bond to ferve the office, they declined
payable by the inhabitants of ſuch houſes to be
and gave anſwer to the court of alderman, by
pulled down, which amounted to the ſum of
their attornies to the following effect : that being
4841. 195. iod. per annum.
proteſtant diffenters, they had not, within a year
On the thirtieth of April the election for city re-
of the election, taken the ſacrament, according
preſentatives in parliament began at Guildhall.
to the rites of the church of England, and there-
The candidates were Sir John Barnard, Sir Robert | fore dared not to take upon them that office,
Ladbroke, Sir Richard Glynn, Sir William Cal-
in defiance of the act 13 Car. II. Stat. 2. Cap. I.
vert, Mr. alderman Bethel, and Mr. alderman
In conſequence of this a common-hall was fum-
Beckford. Theſe being ſeparately put in nomina-
moned to chooſe other two ; who chooſing Allan
tion at the common-hall, the majority of hands
Evans, a proteſtant diffenter, he likewiſe pleaded
appeared in favour of Sir John Barnard, Sir
the fanie excuſe. The court of common-council
Richard Glynn, Slingſby Bethel, and William
therefore, on the twenty-ſixth of September, or-
Beckford, eſgrs. But a poll was demanded on
dered that actions ſhould be brought againſt all
behalf of Sir Robert Ladbroke and Sir William
thoſe gentlemen for the penalties incurred by their
Calvert. The poll began the ſame day, and con-
refuſing to ſerve the office of ſheriff; and a com-
tinued for ſix days afcer; at the clofe of which
mittee was appointed to ſee the ſaid proſecution
the Sheriffs, in the preſence of the Lord-mayor,
executed.
declared the election had fallen on Sir John Bar.
A cauſe was tried this term in the court of
nard, Slingſby Bechel, efq; Sir Robert Ladbroke, King's-bench, Guild-hall
, on an action brought by
and William Beckford, eſq; who were accordingly
Mr. Richard Holland, a leather-ſeller in New-
declared duly elected. Immediately after which
gate.ſtreet, againſt the collectors of toll in Smith-
Sir John Barnard addreſſed himſelf to the livery | field, during the time of Bartholomew-fair, when
as follows:
Mr. Holland's witneſſes were examined; but no
perſon appearing on the other ſide a verdict was
« The honour you have done me in chuſing me
given in favour of Mr. Holland, on fifteen iſſues,
« fix times one of your repreſentative in parlia-
with coſts of ſuit. By which determination all
ment, calls for my ſincere and hearty thanks ;
the citizens of London are exempted from paying
« the rather, as I look upon the preſent election
toll at the ſaid fair for the future.
When
it, and

352
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
CC
CC
When Mr. Holland firſt attempted to vindicate “ of the ſaid market-place, and two-pence for
theſe rights, it gave ſuch an alarm to ſeveral of every ſuperficial foot of the ground or ſoil of
his fellow citizens reſiding in London, that they “ the ſaid wall, as it is now ſet out by the ſur-
were determined to oppoſe the oppreſſive nea veyors of the city and of the dean and chapter,
ſures of the farmers of che ſeveral markets in this - and ſo from forty years to forty years for ever,
city, in exacting tolls from them, which annually at the like yearly rent, and one year's rent af-
amount to a very conſiderable fum.
ter the rates aforeſaid, to be paid by way of
The oppoſition was firſt made in Newgate “ fine for each of the ſaid grounds reſpectively,
market, by one Mr. Ralph Twyford, by trade a upon the making every new leale thereof,
butcher, and a freeman of the city; but for ſome “ which ſaid leaſe and leaſes ſhall be good and
years had declined that buſineſs, and carried on " effectual in the law as againſt the ſaid dean and
that of ſelling dead victuals by commiſſion, which chapter and their ſucceffors, and all perſons
were ſent up to him from different counties by claiming by, from, or under them, and that
common carriers, and were brought to his houſe no houſe, ſhed, or other building, ſhall ſtand
in Newgate-market by porters in packs, hampers or hereafter be erected and fixed upon the ſaid
and baſkets, the rent of which houſe was zol. " market-place, other than the market-houſe al-
per annum.
ready built, without the conſent of the ſaid
The toll demanded by the farmers, of the 66 dean and chapter, any thing in this or any
houſekeepers who fold ſuch goods by commiſſion, “ other act to the contrary notwithſtanding."
was four pence for every pack of victuals, and
one penny for every hamper, baſket, or ped. In purſuance of this act, the dean and chapter
The manner of collecting this money was very of St. Paul's, from time to time, have granted
uncertain, ſometimes they would demand a ſum leaſes of the ſaid market to the Lord.mayor,
in groſs, and to aſcertain it would form ſuch a commonalty and citizens of London. An ab-
number of packs hampers and peds, to make it ſtract of the laſt leaſe is as follows:
up the ſum demanded; whereas the people of
whom theſe demands were made might have, nay, “ Indenture, dated April 6, 1749, between
often had, more or leſs; of ſome they took no “ the right reverend father in God Joſeph lord
more than four-pence a pack, of others fix-pence, biſhop of Briſtol, dean of the cathedral church
of others what they would be pleaſed to give “ of St. Paul in London, and the chapter of the
chem, and of others nothing at all.
! ſame church, of the one part, and the mayor,
Theſe exactions naturally led the people to re commonalty, and the citizens of London, of
flect on their ſituation: firſt, they were freemen " the other part; in conſequence of the ſurrender
of London : fecondly, they were houſekeepers, “ of a former leaſe of indenture dated the fixth of
and paid large rents : and, thirdly, as freemen April, 1709, and of or in the pieces or parcels
and houſekeepers they had, (agreeable to the “ of ground therein after-mentioned, granted by
method Mr. Holland was then taking) an indif " the worſhipful Henry Godolphin, doctor in
penſable right to ſell their commodities free, and
divinity, then dean of the ſaid cathedral and
exempt from any kind of toll whatſoever, and
" the then chapter, unto the ſaid mayor, &c. all
therefore they determined to pay no toll for the " that and thoſe piece or parcel, pieces or par-
future.
“ cels of ground adjoining together, as the ſame
The conſequence of this determination and re " is and are deſigned, marked, admeaſured and
fuſal to pay, produced no leſs than twelve actions « ſet out for the holding and keeping a market,
at law, to be brought by the farmers againſt the “ ſituate, lying and being between Warwick-lane
houſekeepers in this market, who all came to a " and Ivy-lane, in the pariſh of St. Faith the
reſolution to defend themſelves in their rights and « Virgin, in London, containing in the whole by
privileges.
" admeaſurement 23797 ſuperficial feet of aſſize;
In order to their defence they had recourſe to " and alſo all the pieces or parcels of ground
an act of parliament made the twenty-ſecond of "s which are allotted, marked, ſet out and de-
Charles II. intitled, An act for the rebuilding of ſigned for paſſages, ways and avenues into, out,
the city of London, uniting of pariſhes and rebuild " and from the ſaid market, as is and are therein
ing of the cathedral and parochial churches within " after-mentioned; which ſaid market-place a-
the ſaid city. In which is the following clauſe: " butteth eaſt unto and upon other ground of the
" that for ever hereafter, the Lord-mayor and " ſaid dean, &c. now or late in the occupation of
« commonalty, and citizens of London, may and “ Sir John Olborn, bart. or his under-tenants, in,
6 ſhall have a market to be kept three or four upon, and through which, is a way or paſſage
" days in the week, as to them ſhall ſeem con “ of ten feet broad, admeaſured, marked and
es venient, upon the ground now ſet out by the cs ſet out, to lead from the ſaid market-place into
“ afſent of the dean and chapter of the cathedral “ Ivy-lane aforeſaid, containing by admeaſure-
« church of St. Paul's, London, for a market s ment 960 fuperficial feet ; and the ſaid ground
place within Newgate, and that the ſaid dean deſigned for the ſaid market abutteth weſt unto
“ and chapter ſhall make and give one or more " and upon other ground of the ſaid dean, &c.
« leaſe or leaſes of the ſaid ground to the ſaid of then or late in the ſeveral tenures of Jon Am-
mayor and commonalty, and citizens, and alſo 65 herſt, in, upon, and through which, is another
« of the wall of the ſaid church-yard abutting “ paffage or way of eighteen feet broad, marked,
ſeverally upon Pater-noſter-row and the Old " admeaſured and ſet out, to lead from the faid
change, for the term of forty-years, reſerving « market-place into Warwick-lane aforeſaid, con-
" the yearly rent of four pounds for the ground taining by admeaſurement 1422 ſuperficial feet;
norch
(C
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
353
66
63
G.
5. north unto and upon other ground of, &c. predeceſſors of the preſent farmers claimed the
“ then or late in the occupation of the ſaid Sir ſame right; but how abſurd is it to conceive ſuch
• John Oſborn, in, upon, and through which, a number of perſons ſhould rent houſes of ſuch
part of another way or paffage of eighteen feet | large rents, and ſhould have no entrance to them
“ broad, is marked, admeaſured and ſet out, to without paying rent alſo to the farmers for the
“ lead from the ſaid market into Newgate-ſtreer, ground they ſtep upon to go into and out of
containing, &c. 711 ſuperficial feet; ſouth their houſes. To conclude, one of the cauſes
upon other ground of, &c. in the tenure, &c. was tried by a ſpecial jury, in the court of com-
" of William Watfon, eſq; and Daniel Shetter mon-pleas, Guildhall, in July, 1754, and the
“ den, eſq; in, upon, and through which, is plaintiffs in that, (as in Mr. Holland's caſe) were
another way or paſſage of ten feet broad, nonſuited, and the people have ever ſince conti-
marked, admeaſured, and ſet out, to lead froni nued free and unmoleſted.
“ the ſaid market-place in Pater-nofter-row, con The following is the memorable certificate ob-
taining by admeaſurement 710 fuperficial feet; tained by Mr. Holland in the mayoralty of Sir
except and reſerved out of this preſent leaſe William Calvert; by which the ancient franchiſes
" and demiſe unto the ſaid dean, &c. and their of the citizens of London are afferted and main-
“ fucceffors, tenants or aſſigns, free liberty to
tained.
" build over the ſaid two ways or paſſages of ten
"* feet broad, leading into Ivy-lane and into Pa 66 To all whom theſe preſents ſhall come, we,
"ter-nofter-row, at both ends of either of the " Sir William Calvert, knt. Lord-mayor of the
" ſaid ways or paſſages, ſixteen feet deep, or city of London, and the aldermen of the ſaid
66 thereabouts, from the firſt ſtory above ground city, ſend greeting. Know ye, that among
as high as the adjacent houſes, and to be laid “ other che liberties, free-cuſtoms and privileges,
unto and uſed with any of the next adjoining by the charters of the late kings Henry II.
“ houſes or tenements, to hold for forty years, at “ Henry III. Edward iII. and other kings of
“ the yearly rent of four pounds."
England, to the citizens of the city aforeſaid
“ granted, and by the authority of divers par-
The preſent farmers obtained an under-leaſe; s liaments ratified, approved, and confirmed, it
from the city, of this market, upon paying a fine - appearech, that all the citizens of London, and
and a certain annual rent, and therefore in “ their goods, are, and ought to be, quit and
ſiſted they were entitled to all the ground to the
- free from all tolls, leſtage, paſſage, package,
upright of all the houſes which environ the mar pontage, pavage, and murage, through the
ket; and that no perſons whatſoever occupying « whole realm of England, and the ports of the
the buſineſs of a butcher, or ſelling meat, have 66 ſea, and through the whole dominions of the
any right even to put out hooks or rails at the “ fame, as well on this ſide, as beyond the feas;
fronts of thoſe houſes, in order to hang their " and that if any man ſhall take any coll or
meat on them, without paying toll.
66 cuſtom of the citizens of London, the citi.
As the act of the twenty-ſecond of Charles II. “ zens of London may take of the borough or
directs that the mayor, commonalcy, and citizens, " town where any toll or other cuſtom ſhall be
of London, ſhall have a market as therein is de « ſo taken, as much as the ſaid citizens have given
ſcribed, ſurely the houſekeepers, as citizens, and “ for toll, and are thereby indemnified: and that
all other citizens of London, have a right to the - if any man within the realm of England, or
free uſe of this marker. In this act there is no « in any of the dominions of the ſaid kings, on
notice of toll; and however the farmers of this 6 this ſide, or beyond the ſeas, or in any of the
and other markets, claiming under the mayor ports of the ſea, on this ſide, or beyond the
and commonalty of the city of London, may "feas, ſhall take any toll, or other cuſtom, of
have ſet up ſuch kind of demands, it was cer 66 the citizens of London, the ſheriffs of the ſaid
tainly intended to affect ſuch perſons only (non-
56 city of London for default of juſtice upon that
freemen) who bring into the market various com “ behalf, their goods may take at London: and
modities out of the country to ſell, and are pro as alſo that the ſaid citizens, through the whole
vided by the farmers with ſtalls, ſtandings, boards, 66 sealm and dominions aforeſaid, freely, and
truffels, ſcales, weights, &c. but as to the houſe co without any let of the ſaid kings, or their of-
keepers, they furniſh themſelves with all thoſe 66 ficers or miniſters, as well by ſea as by land,
kinds of neceſſaries, abſtracted from the far concerning their goods and merchandizes, in
any place or port, may traffic, and do their
Whereupon it was thought neceſſary to have a « buſineſs as to them ſhall ſeem good, quit of all
proper ſurvey taken, by two able ſurveyors, who 56 cuſtom, toll or pavage, and alſo may abide
performed it in the moſt accurate manner, in in any place within the ſaid realm for doing
which it is demonftrable that the 23,797 ſuper “ their faid buſineſs, as in time paſt they have
ficial feet, granted by the dean and chapter of 66 been accuſtomed to do. And further ic is for-
St. Pauls to the city of London, by the leaſe “ bidden, upon forfeiture, that none ſhall pre-
above-mentioned, comprehended the whole of « ſume from henceforch to moleft, or otherwiſe
the ground, as the ſame was deſigned, mark diſquiet or vex the ſaid citizens, contrary to
ed, admeaſured and ſet out for the holding " the liberties to them, as aforeſaid, granted.
and keeping a market, excluſive and leaving Wherefore we pray and friendly intreat you, on
a way or paffage of eight feet eight inches, to " the behalf of Richard Holland, who is a free-
the fronts of all the houſes round the marker. It man and citizen of this city, that you will not
is very probable, and I do nor doubt, but the “ in any wiſe moleft him in his perſon, nor in his
30
U u u u
goods,
66
mers.
66

354
HISTORY and SURVĒr of LONDON.
goods, nor inaſmuch as in you is, ſuffer the " aforeſaid on you, or ſome of you, or to proſea
« fame to be done by any ochers : and that if you çuce ſome other hard courſe againſt you; which
“ have taken any thing from the ſaid Richard we hope you will in your wiſdoms prevent. In
" Holland, his attorney, factor, aſſignee, or any " witneſs whereof, we, the Lord-mayor and al-
" of them, you make thereof reſtitution unto “ dermen of the city of London, have cauſed
“ him, his attorney, factor, aſſignee, or ſome of “ the great ſeal of the office of the mayoralty of
" then, without delay, left we, for want of " the ſaid city, to be affixed to theſe preſents.
juſtice on your part to be performed, ſhould " Dated at London, the tenth of October,
" be urged to inflict the penalties of the charter
23 George II. &c. 1749."
CHAPTER XLV.
Act of parliament for removing the Borough market. Another for eſtabliſhing Ratcliff-ferry.
Great fire at the Hermitage. Mr. Trueman, being a diſenter, forbids the livery to elet
him heriff City militia ordered to be ready. Petition to parliament for building Black-
friars-bridge. A general faft. Fire at Black-friars. Invahon threatened. City addreſs
on the occahon. War declared againſt France. Conteſt on the choice of Lord-mayor. Tem-
porary-bridge burnt. A new one ereeted. Sir John Barnard rehgns his gown.
Great rem
joicings on the taking of Louiſbourg. City addreſs on the prince of Wales coming of age.
A
T a court of common-council held the the dining room window; three ſiſters jumped
15th of January 1755, the committee out of another room in their ſhifts. Mr. Forbes,
appointed to enquire whether the con a lodger, threw himſelf out of a two pair of
ſtruction of a new bridge might any wiſe preju- || ſtairs window ; and Mr. Thompſon's maid, and
dice the navigation, preſented a report, ſetting miſs Swan's maid and her huſband all periſhed in
forth, that it would greatly obſtruct the ſame, and the flames.
be very prejudicial to the commerce of the city An act of parliament was paſſed on the twen-
of London. On which a motion was made, that tieth of March to preyent the holding of any
the court ſhould agree to the ſame report ; but market in the high-ſtreet of the Borough of
that being oppoſed, a debate aroſe which conti Southwark. And another for eſtabliſhing a ferry
nued near three hours, and the queſtion being put acroſs the Thames from the Narrow-ftreet, in
for agreeing to the ſaid report, it was carried in Limehouſe pariſh, to the eaſt end of Rother-
the negative, 132 to 106, of whom ten alder. || hithe.
men were for the report, and ſix againſt it; on On the fifth day of May a fire broke out in a
which the Lord-mayor declared a majority of 26 hay-loft over the ſtables at Walker's wharf near
againſt agreeing with the report.
the Hermitage brew-houſe, which in a ſhort
On the twenty-third of the ſame month a pro time conſumed ſeveral warehouſes of hemp, flax,
clamation was iſſued promiſing a bounty of 305. &c. to the damage of 20,000l.
for all able ſeamen, not more than 50, nor under At a court of common-council beld the 12th
20, who ſhould enter as volunteers on board the of June, 410l. per annum was allowed the comp-
royal navy, before the 20th day of February ; troller of the bridge houſe, in lieu of his cuſto-
and alſo a bounty of twenty ſhillings a man for mary annual bills. And a motion being made to
each ordinary ſea.man who ſhould enter with alter and render more commodious the jail of
in the ſaid time, to be paid by the clerks of Newgate, the fame was referred to a committee of
the cheque, at the third muſter, at whatever fix aldermen and twelve commoners.
port ſuch ſeamen ſhould enter themſelves. And At the time of electing ſheriffs, Mr. Trueman,
on the ſeventeenth of February another procla- || apprehenſive that he ſhould be put up at the
mation was iſſued for recalling and prohibiting common-hall, did, by letter, read to the livery
ſeamen from ſerving foreign princes; for giving previous to the naming thoſe on the liſt, forbid
a further encouragement of three pounds for them to chuſe him, as being a proteſtant difſenter,
every able, and forty ſhillings to every ordinary he was, by act of parliament, diſqualified for thac
ſeaman, who ſhould enter themſelves on board office.
his majeſty's ſhips of war ; and for granting re On the 27th of Auguſt one Barlow, a book-
wards for diſcovering ſuch ſeamen as ſhould con ſeller in Star-alley, Fenchurch-ftreet, ſhot his
ceal themſelves.
child of two years old, which died inſtantly, and
On the twentieth of February a terrible fire then himſelf in at the mouth, but the ball glancing
broke out at Mr. Thompſon's an embroiderer, in ſideways did not kill him. The father was com-
Bury-ſtreet, St. James's, which foon conſumed mitted to the compter, where, after a few days,
that houſe, and damaged two others adjoining:
he died of his wound. His friends took away
Theflames were ſo rapid, that Mr. Swan, a lodger, his body and buried it ; of which the Lord.
was obliged to ſave himſelf by jumping out of mayor being informed, ordered it to be dug up,
and

HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
355
put in a hole made for that purpoſe in the croſs Information being received of a moſt dreadful
road at the upper end of Moor-fields, and a ſtake earthquake that happened at Liſbon, on the firſt of
drove through the body. It appeared by a paper Nov. by which the greateſt part of the public edifi-
left behind him, that being hard preſſed by his ces, and houſes of that ſuperb capital were deſtroy-
creditors who refuſed to give him time, he ed, and upwards of 100,000 perſons buried in the
took this deſperate method to put an end to his ruins, his majeſty was pleaſed to fend a meſſage
troubles.
to the houſe of commons, requeſting their affiſt-
On the nineteenth of September the Lord ance for the remaining part of the inhabitants of
mayor, aldermen and commons of the city of that great city, wholaboured under the moſt direful
London waited on his majeſty to congratulate him afflictions. In conſequence of which, the houſe
on his fafe return from Germany to his Britiſh do unanimouſly reſolved to enable his majeſty, to
minions; when William Moreton, eſq; the re give what aſliſtance he ſhould think fit, and that
corder, made their compliments in the following || luch expences as ſhould be incurred by his ma-
addreſs :
jeſty, in relieving the miſery to which the people
of Portugal muſt be reduced, by this deplorable
« Moft gracious Sovereign,
calamity, ſhould be made good out of the next
aids.
" We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal At a court of common-council, held the
« ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com eighteenth of December, the petition for a new
mons of the city of London, in common bridge, prepared by the committee, was agreed
« council aſſembled, humbly beg leave to addreſs to by a majority of one hundred againſt ſixty-ſix;
your majeſty with our moſt ſincere and joyful | and Mr. Sheriff Whitebread was ordered to pre-
« congratulations, on your majeſty's fafe and fent the fame to the houſe of commons, which
happy return to your Britiſh dominions.
being done on the thirteenth of January, an act
“ Permit us, royal Sir, with hearts full of gra of parliament was ſoon after paſſed for that pur-
« titude, to expreſs our ſincere acknowledg. || poſe.
ments of your inajeſty's paternal care and The act provides, that the mayor, aldernien,
“ vigilant regard for the true intereſt and proſpe and commons of the city of London, in common-
Crity of your people, by the vigorous meaſures council aſſembled, ſhall have power and autho-
"s taken by your majeſty to protect our commerce rity to direct, order, and build the ſaid bridge,
" and colonies from the encroachments of the and to maintain, preſerve, and ſupport the ſame,
6 French.
when built ; for which purpoſe, they are to ap•
" And we do humbly affure your majeſty, that point a committee, from time to time, to manage
we will, to the utmoſt of our power on this, and tranſact ſuch affairs as they may find necef-
“ and every other occaſion chearfully contribute | ſary, who are to have ſuch powers and authorities
" towards the ſupport of your majeſty's ſacred as ſhall be delegated to them, from time to time;
s perſon and government, and the defence of the || by the faid mayor, &c. in common-council al-
juſt rights and poſſeſſions of your crown againſt || ſembled, or ſuch general powers as are granted
“ all attempts whatſoever."
by the act. But no perſon concerned in build-
ing, or dealing in any materials for building, ſhall
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to be eligible, or capable of acting as a member of
return this moſt gracious anſwer:
any ſuch committee, nor any other perſon, dur-
ing the time he ſhall poffefs any office, or place
“ I thank you for this very dutiful and affec of profit under the act, or under the mayor and
« tionare addreſs. The ſupport of the rights of commonalty of London. The ſaid mayor, &c.
my crown, and the preſervation of my do in common-council aſſembled, are impowered to
w minions in America, are ſo eſſential to the trade deſign, and lay out, in what manner the ſaid in-
" and commerce of my people, that the city of tended bridge ſhall be erected, and the ways,
« London may depend, that I will continue to ſtreets, and paſſages, to and from the ſame, made,
" take ſuch meaſures as may beſt tend to theſe widened, enlarged, or improved, and to do all
“ great and insportant ends. The aſſurances you matters and things, for carrying on and effecting
“ give me of your zeal and aſſiſtance are very the purpoſes of the act. The ſaid bridge is to be
es pleaſing to me; and the city of London may fo conſtructed, as that there ſhall remain a free
46 rely upon the continuance of my favour and and open paſſage for the water, thro' the arches,
protection.”
or paſſages under the ſame, of ſeven hundred and
fifty feet, at leaſt, within the preſent banks of the
It being apprehended, by the motions of the river, that the navigation thereof may receive no
French, that an invaſion was intended, the ſecre prejudice. No buildings, but the proper gates
tary of war fent an order, on the fifteenth of and toll-houſes, to be built upon the ſaid bridge,
November, to the court of aldermen, for the and any perſons damaging, or deſtroying, ma-
militia of the city of London to hold themſelves liciouſy, or hindering or interrupting the build-
in readineſs to march. On which a court of lieu ing of the bridge, ſhall be adjudged guilty of fe-
tenancy was immediately ſummoned to carry the lony, and ſuffer as a felon. The faid mayor, &c.
faid order into execution, who, on the twentieth, are empowered to make, widen, and enlarge ſuch
gave orders for the militia to be exerciſed in the ſtreets, ways, and paſſages, as they ſhall think
Artillery-ground, by four companies every day, neceſſary, on each ſide the river, to and from the
till they had gone through the fix regiments. ſaid bridge, and to agree with the owners and oc-
cupiers

356
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
cupiers of ſuch lands, tenements, or heredita months rent, or on twelve months notice. Pero
ments, as they ſhall judge proper to be purchaſed, fons who have mortgages on any of the ſaid lands,
removed, or pulled down for that purpoſe, for &c. not being in poſſeſſion thereof by virtue of
the purchaſe thereof; and, upon the payment ſuch mortgages, to aflign over their mortgages
of ſuch ſums, as ſhall be agreed upon, this act to the mayor, &c. on the tender of the principal
ſhall be as ſufficient an indemnification againſt che money and intereſt due, together with ſix months
heirs, executors, adminiſtrators, or aſſigns, of intereſt of the ſaid principal money. The mayor,
any of the ſaid owners, as if the ſame had been &c. are authorized to treat with the waterman's
ſold by deed or feoffment, bargain and ſale, or company about a recompence to be made to that
other aſſurance in the law whatſoever: and it ſhall
company in lieu of their Sunday's ferry from
and may be lawful for all bodies politic, corpo Black-friars to the oppoſite ſhore. Fines not ex-
rate or collegiate, corporations aggregate or ſole, ceeding ten pounds to be levied by diſtreſs and
truſtees and feoffees in truſt, guardians and com ſale of goods, on ſuch ſheriffs, deputy-ſheriffs,
mittees for lunatics and ideots, executors, guar bailiffs, agents, jurymen, &c. as reſpectively make
dians and adminiſtrators, not only for and on be default in the premiſes. They are empowered
half of themſelves, their heirs, &c. but alſo to fill up the channel of Bridewell-dock, between
their ceſtuique truſts, whether iſſue, or infants the Thames and Fleet-bridge, and to take away
unborn, &c. &c, or other perſons whatſoever, the bridge croſs the faid channel, making ſuffici-
and for all femes-covert, co ſell and convey ſuch ent drains and ſewers, and from time to time
lands, &c. to the ſaid mayor, &c. and all ſuch cleanſing the ſame, to carry the ſoil, &c. into the
perſons ſo conveying, ſhall be indemnified for Thames. When the bridge is finiſhed and made
what they ſhall do, by virtue of this act, not paſſable, no coachman or driver ſhall ſtand or ply,
withſtanding any omiſſions or miſtakes as to mat nor any drayman, carman, carter, or driver of
ter of form. Perſons refuſing to treat with the any carriage whatſoever, ſhall wilfully ſtand or
faid mayor, &c. for the ſale of ſuch eſtates, remain with his carriage on the ſaid bridge, or
lands, &c. a jury is to be called, and impan within 100 yards on either ſide thereof. Nor is
nelled by the ſheriffs, and proper witneſſes ſum any filth, dung, or rubbiſh, to be put thereon:
moned, which jury is to enquire into the value of perſons offending to forfeit a ſum not exceeding
ſuch lands, &c. and of the eſtate and intereſt of twenty ſhillings, nor leſs than two ſhillings and
every perſon therein, and ſhall aſſeſs and award ſixpence, to the informers and apprehenders of
the ſums payable to every ſuch perſon, for the ſuch perſons, or be committed to hard labour on
purchaſe thereof, and ſuch verdict and the judg default of payment, for ſuch time as the magiſ-
ment of the mayor, &c. (if in the city) or of trate ſhall think proper, not exceeding three days.
the juſtices, (if in Surry) ſhall be binding and A proper number of lamps are to be fixed on the
concluſive againſt all perſons, bodies politic and bridge, and to burn from ſun-ſetting to ſun-riſing
corporate, claiming right to, or in the ſaid lands, throughout the year, and a number of watchmen
&c. Upon the payment of the ſums ſo awarded, appointed for the ſafety of the paſſengers. For
legal conveyances, &c. are to be made to the faid
the erecting, repairing, and preſerving the bridge,
mayor, &c. of ſuch lands, &c. If the perſons for widening the ſtreets, purchaſing ground,
are not to be found who have a right to ſuch pur houſes, &c. lighting and watching it, the mayor,
chaſe-money ſo awarded, or there be any other &c. are empowered to appoint a toll, not exceed-
impediment or doubt with regard to the payment ing the following rates, viz. For every coach,
of it, it is to be lodged in the bank of England, chariot, berlin, chaiſe, chair, or calaſh, drawn
for the uſe of the parties intereſted therein, to be by fix or more horſes, 25. With four horſes, is.
paid them at ſuch times as the mayor, &c. ſhall 6d. leſs than four horſes, is. For every waggon,
order and direct. The ſaid verdicts and judg. wain, car, cart, or carriage, drawn by four or
ments ſhall be good and effectual evidence in all more horſes, or other beaſts, Is. and by leſs than
courts of law, being duly recorded in the court four, 6d. For every horſe, mule, or aſs, laden
of mayor and aldermen, or general quarter fef or unladen, and not drawing, id. For every food
ſions of the peace for the county of Surry, where paſſenger on Sunday id. and every other day one
all perſons may have recourſe to them gratis, and halfpenny. Power is given to appoint receivers
take copies, paying for every copy ſuch conſider and other collectors of the ſaid toll, and regula-
ation as the act preſcribes. On the payment or tions made for the better management of them.
entry of ſuch verdicts, judgments, &c. all the The whole of the bridge to be deemed to be in
eſtate, truft, &c. in ſuch eſtates, &c. ſhall veſt in the pariſh of St. Anne, Black-friars. The may-
the faid mayor, &c, and they ſhall be deemed in or, &c. are empowered to raiſe, upon the credit
law, to be in actual poſſeſſion thereof fully and of the colls, any fum, not exceeding 30,000l. a
effectually. Perſons having any claim or demand year, until 160,000l. be raiſed in the whole, to be
on ſuch lands, &c. ſold as above, not entering || applied to the purpoſes of the act. Perſons ſued
their claim with the town-clerk of the city, or the for doing any thing in purſuance of this act, may
clerk of the peace for Surry, who are to keep || plead the general iſſue, and it is declared to be
books for that purpoſe, within five years, from a public act, and is to be deemed ſuch by all
the enrollment of ſuch bargain and ſale, ſhall for judges, juſtices, and others, in all courts and
feit their right and intereſt in the ſaid lands, &c. || places, without pleading the ſame.
for ever.
Tenants at will, and leſſees for a year, In conſequence of the dreadful calamity which
to deliver up poſſeſſion immediately of ſuch lands, happened at Liſbon, the following proclamation
tenements, &c. on the payment or tender of fix was publiſhed on the twentieth of December :
66 Whereas

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
357
a fine.
36
66
66
65
66 Whereas the manifold ſins and wickedneſs in Newgate, to find ſecurity of ioool. each for
* of theſe kingdoms have moſt juftly deſerved their good behaviour for ſeven years, and to pay
heavy and ſevere puniſhments from the hand
Their crime was enticing two young
s of heaven; and the almighty, out of his great lads to commit a robbery, and then proſecuting
mercy, hath not only been our defence in them for the ſake of the reward On the fifth of
“ times of danger, but hath protected and
pre-
February Berry and Macdaniel ſtood in the pillory
“s ſerved us from imminent deſtruction, eſpecially oppoſite Harton Garden, and were ſeverely pelted
at this time, when ſome neighbouring coun by the populace. The latter received a terrible
“ tries, in alliance and friendſhip with us, have wound in his forehead with a ſtone, and Berry,
s been viſired with a moſt dreadful and extenſive who was weak before, was ſcarce able to ſurvive
earthquake, which hath alſo, in fome degree, it. And on the eighth Egan and Salmon ſtood in
“ been felt in ſeveral parts of our dominions : the pillory in Smithfield, the former of whom in
ss and whereas the preſent ficuation of public af leſs than twenty minutes received a mortal wound
" affairs (as to the iſſue of them) is of the high of which he died, and the other was miſerably
" eft importance to the peace and ſafety of theſe bruiſed. The populace were ſo exaſperated
kingdoms, to our commerce and liberty, and, againſt theſe miſcreants, that the peace officers in
56 above all, to the moſt valuable bleſſing of the vain endeavoured to reſtrain their fury. Berry
proteſtant religion : we, from the deepeſt ſenſe and Salmon died in Newgate, and Macdaniel,
"s of this our ſtate, and of the miſeries which after a courſe of years was ſent abroad.
our people would ſuffer if a like viſitation A bill being at this time depending in the houſe
66 ſhould be ſhewed forth upon theſe kingdoms, for laying a duty on plate, to the farther exten-
and placing our whole truſt and confidence in fion of the exciſe laws, the common-council, on
" the mercy of almighty God, have reſolved, the eighteenth of March, prepared a petition
65 that a general and public faſt be obſerved, againſt it, and ordered Mr. Sheriff Whitebread
" that both we and our people may humble our to preſent the ſame. And the committee who
“ felves before almighty God, and in a moſt de drew up the ſaid petition was likewife ordered to
vout and folemn manner, ſend up our prayers prepare inſtructions to be delivered to the repre-
and ſupplications to the divine majeſty, to avert ſentatives to oppoſe the ſaid bill, which ſubjected
“ all thoſe judgments which we moſt juſtly have every poſſeſſor of ſilver plate to the information
os deſerved, to continue his mercies, and to per of his ſervants or diffolute perſons. The follow-
petuate the enjoyment of the proteſtant reli ing is a copy of the inſtructions:
gion among us, and ſafety and proſperity to our
kingdoms and dominons, and to implore his
" Whereas a bill is now depending in parlia-
“ protection and bleſſing upon our fleets and ar " ment, by which owners, uſers and keepers
- mies; and we have therefore thought fit, by ſilver plate, are ſubjected to the laws of exciſe;
“ the advice of our privy council, to iſſue this
so we therefore take this opportunity of expreſſing
" our proclamation, hereby appointing and com “ our univerſal diſapprobation of every extenfion
" manding, that ſuch general and public faſt be 6 of laws, which tend to deprive the ſubjects of
s obſerved throughout that part of our kingdom
" Great-Britain of their invaluable right, a trial
56 of Great Britain called England, the domi.
"
by jury.
" nion of Wales, and town of Berwick upon
56 And this bill appears to fubject all perſons
Tweed, on Friday the ſixth day of February (although not engaged in trade) to penalties
s next enſuing.” Which faſt was kept with a “ arbitrarily levied by exciſe laws.
becoming decency by all ranks of people, except
" And we moreover recommend to you the
the quakers, who, in London, kept their ſhops oppoſing the bill, as tending to the ruin of
open; otherwiſe the churches and meeting houſes many thouſands of the moſt ſkilful artificers
were thronged, and there was, in appearance,
« and manufacturers, or to compel them to carry
an entire ceſſation from buſineſs throughout the
66 their art and induſtry to foreign countries,
whole city and ſuburbs.
leaving their families a burden to their
On the nineteenth of February 1756 a dread-
ful fire broke out in the houſe of Mr. Howell, “ We apprehend a further confequence of paſ-
a timber-merchant at Black-friars-ſtairs; which ſing this bill, will be the exportation of bullion
burnt with ſuch violence that it deſtroyed Mr. 6 unwrought, and the nation may be left without
Howell's, and two more timber-yards, the New " the only commodity, to which they can have
caſtle glaſs warehouſe, and about thirteen more “ recourſe in the moſt preſſing diſtreſs.
houſes: ſome lighters loaded with deals likewiſe " We conceive that this bill will alſo lay an
took fire, and their moorings being burnt, they fell « unequal burden upon the middle and lower
down with the tide through London-bridge. One “ rank of ſubjects, from which the rich and
of them ſtopping at the bridge would have ſet “ opulent, (who are beſt able to contribute) are
fire to it had it not with great difficulty been pre partially exempted.”
vented by ſome watermen. The others ſet fire
to a ſhip from Maryland, and to another which Notwithſtanding theſe endeavours to oppoſe a
run aſhore at Rotherhithe to prevent being en bill fo apparently detrimental to the liberty of
tirely burnt.
the ſubject, yet it received the royal affent on the
On the twenty-eighth of February, four thief fifteenth of April. By this act five ſhillings is
takers (Macdaniel, Berry, Salmon, and Egan) to be paid for every hundred ounces as far as
received ſentence, each to ſtand twice on the pil 4000, and all perſons within the diſtrict of the
lory, two at a time, to be impriſoned ſeven years
chief office of exciſe in London are to enter their
30
xxxx
plate
66
66
66 own.
66

358
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
plate at that office, and all other perſons at the - yourſelves to the utmoſt in ſupport of my go-
next office to where they live, and at the ſame vernment; and the city of London may al-
time to pay the duty, and to pay every year with ways depend upon my favour, countenance,
in thirty days after the commencement of the “ and protection ; and my conſtant care to defend
year. The firſt entry to be made within forty " the rights and poffeffions of my crown, and
days after the fifth of July, under the penalty promote the trade and commerce of this
of twenty pounds, half to the informer; to be a
kingdom.”
determined in London before the commiſſioners
of exciſe, or in any court of record, with liberty An act of parliament paſſed this ſeſſions for
of appeal from the commiſſioners of exciſe to repairing London-bridge. By which the Lord-
thoſe of appeal, and all other places in England, mayor, aldermen and commons of London, in
by two juſtices of the peace, with appeal to the common-council'aſſembled, were empowered to
quarter ſeſſions. The forfeitures to be levied by | purchaſe and remove the buildings on, and con-
diſtreſs of goods; but if no goods are found, tiguous to, the bridge, in order to enlarge the
then the perſon to be committed to jail till the paſſage over, and the avenues leading to and from
money is paid. No notice or entry is neceſſary the ſaid bridge ; and to widen or enlarge one or
for any new acquiſition of plate within the year. more arches of the ſaid bridge ; and to deſign
Perfons receiving plate in pawn, without uſing it how the paſſage might be rendered more ſafe and
are not liable to pay the duty, but the owners commodious, and the bridge preſerved and kept
thereof are. Church plate not to pay the duty ; in repair. It directed that there ſhould be a bal-
nor the ſtock in trade of any goldſmith or manu luſtrade on each ſide of the bridge, and a paſſage
facturer of plate, except for what ſhall be uſed of thirty-one feet open for carriages, and ſeven
by them or their families. No oath to be taken feet on each ſide for foot paſſengers ; with lamps
at the entry of any plate, nor officer authorized to be kept lighted from ſun-ferring to fun-riſing,
to enter any houſe to ſearch for plate.
and a number of able-bodied watchmen to pa-
His majeſty having informed the parliament of trole the ſame by night: and that the expence of
his receiving advice, that the French were prepar the faid lamps and watch ſhould be defrayed out
ing in divers ports ro invade England, the Lord of the bridge eſtate. It was further enacted, that
mayor, aldermen, and common-council waited on
the tythes, poors rates, land-tax, and cuſtomary
his majeſty on the ſixth of April, with the fol payments due from the houſes, &c. pulled down,
lowing addreſs:
îhould be charged upon the bridge-houſe lands.
There were likewiſe an additional toll eſtabliſhed,
“ Moſt gracious fovereign,
to be paid by carriages and horſes paſſing over the
bridge ; and a toll to be paid by loaded veſſels
“ Your majeſty having been graciouſly pleaſed | paſſing under the bridge : which tolls were to
to acquaint your two houſes of parliament, continue till the principal and intereſt of the
" that a deſign hath been formed by the French money borrowed for the purpoſes of the faid act
court to make an hoſtile invaſion
ſhould be repaid.
« Britain or Ireland; we your majeſty's moſt du At the fame time another act paſſed for build-
66 tiful and loyal ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, alder- || ing a new bridge from Black-friars to the oppoſite
men, and commons, of the city of London, ſhore. By this act the commiſſioners were em-
" in common-council aſſembled, beg leave to powered to purchaſe houſes and lands, &c. and
“ expreſs our abhorrence of ſo unjuſt and def to levy any toll not exceeding the following rates.
perate an enterprize, projected in revenge for For every coach, chariot, berlin, chaiſe, chair,
your royal and gracious protection of the trade or calaſh, drawn by fix or more horſes, two fhil-
“ and commerce of your people, and the neceſſary | lings. With four horſes one ſhilling and fix-
s6 defence of the undoubted rights and poffeffions pence ; leſs than four one ſhilling. For every
46 of your crown.
waggon, wain, cart, or carriage, drawn by four
6. With gratitude and unfeigned loyalty, we or more horſes, or other beaſts, one ſhillling, and
“ moſt humbly aſſure your majeſty, that the ci- || by leſs than four, fix-pence. For every horſe,
“ tizens of your faithful city, united in duty and mule, or aſs, laden or unladen, and not drawing,
« affection to your facred perſon and government, one penny ; for every foot paſſenger on Sunday
“ will exert their utmoſt power, and hazard their one penny; and every other day one halfpenny.
« lives and fortunes, to ſupport and defend your On the 18th of May his majeſty's declaration of
“ majeſty, and the proteſtant ſucceſſion in your war was declared in the uſual places and with the
" royal family ; not doubting, but the zeal and accuſtomed ceremonies. Which declaration, after
" loyalty of your majeſty's ſubjects, conducted reciting the various hoftilities committed by the
« by your known wiſdom and courage, with the French in the Weſt Indies and North America, con-
“ aſſiſtance of the divine providence, you will cludes thus : « We have therefore thought proper
66 be able to defeat all the deſigns of your ene to declare war, and we do hereby declare war
66 mies :
againſt the Frenchiking, who hath fo unjuſtly
begun it, relying on the help of almighty God
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to " in our juſt undertaking, and being aſſured of
return the following moſt gracious anſwer : “ the hearty concurrence and aſſiſtance of our
“ ſubjects in ſupport of ſo good a cauſe; hereby
" I thank you for this very loyal and dutiful “ willing and requiring our caprain-general of
addreſs, I have the firmeſt reliance on the af our forces, our commiſſioners for executing the
56 fectionate aſſurance you give me, of exerting << office of our high-admiral of Great-Britain,
upon Great-
92
our

HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
359
65
our lieutenants of our ſeveral counties, gover " Nor can we help expreſſing our apprehen-
nors of our forts and garriſons, and all other « fions for the great danger of your majeſty's
« officers and ſoldiers under them, by ſea and “ poffeffions in America, by the miſmanagements
« land, to do and execute all acts of hoſtility, " and delays, which have attended the defence of
“ in the proſecution of this war, againſt the 's thofe invaluable colonies, the object of the pre-
“ French king, his vafſals and ſubjects, and to a fent war, and the principal ſource of the wealth
oppoſe their atternpts; willing and requiring cs and ſtrength of theſe kingdoms.
all our ſubjects to take notice of the fame, C6 Permit us, at the ſame time, royal Sir, to
" whom we henceforth ftrialy forbid to hold any 56 Jament the want of a conftitutional and well-
correſpondence or communication with the faid “ regulated militia, the moſt natural and certain
16 French king or his ſubjects : And we do " defence, under divine providence, of your ma-
“ hereby command our own ſubjects, and adver jeſty's ſacred perſon and government againſt all
6 cize all other perfons, of what nation foever, « invaders whatſoever, as thereby your majeſty's
not to tranſport or carry any ſoldiers, arms, c fleets and armies may be more ſecurely employ-
powder, ammunition, or other contraband " ed abroad, to the annoyance of your majeſty's
goods, to any of the territories, lands, planta “ enemies ; your faithful and loyal ſubjects being
tions or countries of the ſaid French king; ready and willing, whenever called upon by
declaring, that whatſoever ſhip or veſſel ſhall “ your majeſty, to ſhed the laſt drop of their
be met withal, tranſporting or carrying any fol 6 blood in your ſervice.
“ diers, arms, powder, ammunition, or any other cc As your majeſty's reign has ever been diſtin-
“ contraband goods, to any of the territories, “ guiſhed by a love of liberty and juſtice, we can-
" lands, plantations or countries of the ſaid “ nor doubt of your majeſty's directing the au-
" French king, the ſame being taken, ſhall be “ thors of our late loſſes and diſappointments to
56 condemned as good and lawful prize.
66 be enquired into and puniſhed, that your ma-
66 And whereas there are remaining in our " jeſty's known intencions of protecting and de-
kingdom divers of the ſubjects of the French 6. fending your ſubjects in their rights and poffef-
• king, we do hereby declare our royal intention “fions may be faithfully and vigorouſly carried
to be, that all the French ſubjects, who ſhall « into execution, and that the large ſupplies, ſo
166 demean themſelves dutifully towards us, ſhall neceffarily called for, and ſo chearfully granted;
“ be fafe in their perſons and effects.”
may be religiouſly applied to the defence of
" theſe kingdoms and colonies, and their com-
The national diſcontent at the meaſures of the merce, and to the diſtreſſing our inveterate and
miniſtry, which did not promiſe any great ſuc “ perfidious enemies, as the only ſure means of
cefs in the war lately proclaimed, and diſhonour obtaining a laſting and honourable peace.
ed the ancient and approved valour, courage, and " And we do, with the utmoſt ſincerity of
loyalty of the national forces, by calling in foreign “ heart, aſſure your majeſty, that your loyal city
troops to protect and defend us from the French " of London will, at all times, readily and chear-
invaders, was greatly increaſed by the loſs of Mi fully contribute to whatever may be neceſſary
norca: on which occaſion the citizens of London “ for the defence of your majeſty, and your illuf-
thought it their duty to addreſs his majeſty on the 6 trious family, and towards the attainment of
then ſituation of affairs; and, on the twentieth " theſe great and deſirable ends."
of Auguſt, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
mon-council waited on his majeſty with the fol To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to
lowing addreſs :
return this moſt gracious anſwer :
55 Moft gracious ſovereign,
66 I thank you for theſe profeſſions of your duty
to me. My concern for the loſs of my iſland
" We, your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal " of Minorca is great and ſincere. My utmoſt
ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldernien, and com care and vigilance have been, and ſhall be,
« mons, of the city of London, in common 66 executed to maintain the honour of the nation,
46 council afſembled, humbly beg leave to ap " and the commerce of my ſubjects. The events
proach your ſacred perſon, and with hearts "5 of war are uncertain; but nothing ſhall be
46 full of gratitude for your majeſty's paternal wanting on my part towards carrying it on with
66 care of the true intereſts of your people, to vigour, in order to a ſafe and honourable
66 expreſs our ſorrow and apprehenſions for the peace, and for recovering and ſecuring, by
« diſquietudes which our late loſſes and diſap " the bleſſing of God, the poſſeſſions and rights
" pointments muſt create in your majeſty's royal “ of my crown.
cc mind.
“ I will not fail to do you juſtice upon any
“ The loſs of the important fortreſs of St. 6 perſons who ſhall have been wanting in their
Philip, and the iſland of Minorca, (poffeſfions “ duty to me, and their country; to enforce
of the utmoſt conſequence to the commerce “ obedience and diſcipline in my fleets and ar-
«c and naval ſtrength of Great Britain) without os mies; and to ſupport the authority and reſpect
any attempt, by timely and effectual ſuccours, “ due to my government.”
to prevent or defeat an attack, after ſuch early
“ notice of the enemy's intentions, and when The city of Briſtol likewiſe preſented an ada
your majeſty's navy' was ſo evidently ſuperior dreſs to his majeſty on the ſame occaſion, as did
“ to theirs, will, we fear, be an indelible reproach moſt counties in England: ſome of them recom-
on the honour of the Britiſh nation:
mending a ſtrict enquiry to their members, and
others
66
66

360
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
others requeſting theſe to preſent their addreſs to
his majeſty for the ſame purpoſe.
On the twenty-ninth of September came on at
Guildhall the election for Lord-mayor; when all
the aldermen below the chair, who had ſerved
the office of ſheriff, was ſeverally put in nomina-
tion, and the ſheriffs declared the majority of
hands to be for Sir Charles Afgill and Sir Richard
Giynn ; but a poll was demanded and granted for
Marſhe Dickenſon, eſq; againſt Sir Richard
Glynn. At the cloſe of the poll, which laſted
ſeven days, there were
66
For Marſhe Dickenſon, eſq;
For Sir Richard Glynn
1492
511
66
and Marſhe Dickenſon, eſq; being returned with
Sir Charles Afgil, the fomer was choſen. The
objection made by the citizens co alderman Dick-
enſon was, that, as a member of the houſe of
commons, he had, by miniſterial influence, been
prevailed upon to vote to addreſs his majeſty for
the importation of lawleſs mercenaries.
At a court of common council held at Guild-
hall the 28th of October, it was unanimouſly
agreed to inſtruet the repreſentatives in parliament
for the city of London, on the then unhappy and
dangerous ſituation of public affairs; when twelve
aldermen and twenty-four commoners were cho-
ſen for that purpoſe : and the following inſtruc-
tions being agreed to, a copy thereof was de-
livered to each of their repreſentatives :
66
To the right hon. Slingſby Bethel, efq; Lord-
mayor, Sir John Barnard, knt. Sir Robert
Ladbroke, knt. and William Beckford, efq;
repreſentatives in parliament for the city of
London:
6 their ordinary compliment, and this at a time
is when our naval force was confeffedly ſuperior
" to che enemy's.
" The cruelties ſuffered, and loſſes fuſtained
“ by our fellow ſubjecis in North-America
“ have long called for redreſs, whilſt the miſ.
managements in the attempts for their ſup-
port, and the untimely and unequal fuc-
cours ſent to their relief, have only ſerved to
“ render the Britiſh name contempcible. We
ss therefore require you to uſe your utmoſt en-
" deavours for detecting all thoſe, who by trea-
« chery or miſconduct have contributed to thole
great diſtreſſes, his majeſty having been gra-
ciouſly pleaſed to aſſure us, that he willn ot fail
6 to do juſtice upon any perſons, who ſhall have
“ been wanting in their duty to him and their
country.
" To theſe intereſting enquiries we have but
too much reaſon to add our preſſing requeſt,
" that you uſe your earlieſt endeavours to eſtablish
a weli regulated and conſtitutional militia as the
6 moſt honourable defence of the crown, and
" the moſt consiſtent with the rights of a free
“ people. And this we are more anxious to re-
"commend to your particular care and attention,
as every apprehenſion of danger has furniſhed
“ reaſon for encreaſing the number of our regu-
“ lar forces, and for the introduction of foreign
mercenaries; the expence of which is infup-
« portable. We therefore truſt that you will
purſue this meaſure before you conſent to the
grant of ſupplies, experience having convinced
us, that your laudable endeavours afterwards
may prove fruitleſs.
" The inſult offered to our laws by a claim of
“ exception which theſe foreigners are ſaid to
“ have made, demands that you ſtrictly enquire
"s whether the ordinary courſe of juſtice has been
interrupted or ſuſpended on their account, or
“ whether any perſon in authority under his ma-
jeſty has given countenance to ſuch claim,
" which, if you ſhould diſcover, we confide in
your reſolution and integrity, that nothing will
“ be wanting on your part, to bring to juſtice the
" adviſers and inſtruments of ſuch a violation of
" the bill of rights as the only means of quieting
" the minds of his majeſty's loyal Britiſh ſubjects;
s and at all events we recommend it to you, to
as oppoſe the continuance of any foreign troops
" within the kingdom, a circumſtance which muſt
" ever be conſidered as a reproach to the loyalty,
courage, and ability of this nation.
“ We alſo hope that you will endeavour to
" limit the number of placemen and penſioners,
“ of late ſo remarkably increaſed, and at a pro-
per ſeaſon to reſtore triennial parliaments, as
we conceive it the only means to obtain a free
“ preſentative of the people.
c. The immenſe ſums ſo chearfully paid, when
"s almoſt every meaſure reflects national diſgrace,
“ call upon you ſtrictly to enquire into their ap-
plication, and we truſt that you will carefully
- watch and endeavour to prevent all unnatu-
ral connections on the continent, in order to
preſerve the independency of theſe king-
66 doms.
66
" We, the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com-
mons of the city of London, in common-
“ council aſſembled, juſtly alarmed at the criti-
" cal and unhappy ſituation of theſe kingdoms,
“ do moft earneſtly call upon you, our repre-
“ ſentatives, to exert your utmoſt ability towards
procuring a ſtrict and impartial parliamentary
enquiry into the cauſes of theſe national cala-
66 Mities.
“ An almoſt total neglect of our important
s6 fortreſſes in the Mediterranean, of ſuch ineſti-
"s mable conſequence to the trade and power of
" theſe kingdoms, and the permitted abſence of
“ their principal officers many months after the
commencement of hoſtilities, the actual loſs
56 of Minorca, and apparent danger of Gibraltar,
are circumſtances which fill us with amazement
" and concern; but when we reflect on
the
great
“ preparations for an embarkation of troops and
66 artillery, and the equipment of a powerful Aleet
publickly known to be carried on at Toulon,
« whoſe neighbourhood to Minorca was ſuffici-
" ently alarming, we cannot impute theſe fatal
events to neglect alone, and therefore conjure
you to enquire, why a reſpectable fleet was not
“ immediately ſent from hence, and why at laſt
65 ſo ſmall. a ſquadron was ordered upon this
“ important ſervice, without any frigate, fire-
" fhip, hoſpital-ſhip, tranſport or troops beyond
66
CG
By

HISTORY and SURVĒr of L ON D Ô N.
361
1
66
66
« By rendering theſe neceffary ſervices to your which kept off all others. Mr. Byng, accom-
king and country, you will give his majeſty | panied by a clergyman who attended him during
" the ſtrongeſt teſtimony of your duty and af his confinement, and two gentlemen his relations,
fection, and moſt effectually ſecure to his go walked out of the great cabbin to the quarter-
"vernment obedience and refpect.
deck, where he ſuffered a few minutes before
" At the ſame time we deſire you, thus pub twelve o'clock. He was dreſſed in a light coat;
« lickly to accept our moſt grateful acknowledg white waiſtcoat and white ſtockings, and a large
“ments of your paft conduct in parliament, and white wig, and had in each hand a white handker-
to enjoin you at all times to hold ſacred and in chief. He threw his har on the deck, kneeled on
“ violable the act made for eſtabliſhing his ma a cuſhion, tied one handkerchief over his eyes,
jeſty's right to the crown of theſe realms, and and dropped the other as a ſignal, on which a
“ ſecuring the rights and liberties of the ſubject; || volley from ſix marines was fired, five of whoſe
" and that you oppole every meaſure tending to bullets went through him, and he was dead in an
“ weaken that compact, which under the divine inftant. It was not more than two minutes from
providence will ever prove the beſt ſecurity to his coming out of the cabbin till he fell motion-
“ his majeſty's facred perſon, and the ſucceſſion leſs on his left ſide. He died with great refolu-
66 in his illuſtrious houſe."
tion and compoſure, not ſhewing the leaſt ſign of
timidity. Juſt before he fuffered, he delivered a
On the 27th of November a terrible fire broke paper to the marſhal of the high court of admiral-
out at No. !. in Staple's-inn, Holborn, which ty, the contents of which were as follow :
entirely conſumed the chambers of Mr. Ward,
and thoſe belonging to three other gentlemen. It " A few minutes will now deliver me from the
was with the greateſt difficulty that Mr. Ward, " violent perſecutions, and fruſtrate the further
his wife, and ſeveral others ſaved their lives; " malice of my enemies. Nor need I envy them
but Mrs. Ward's fifter, (a young lady who came a life fubject to the fenſacions my injuries and
out of the country upon a viſit but the night as the injuſtice done me muſt create. Perſuaded
before) two of Mr. Ward's children, and their “ I am, juſtice will be done to my reputation
nurſe, periſhed in the flames.
C6 hereafter. The manner and cauſe of raiſing
On the 27th of December at a court-martial " and keeping up the popular clamour and pre-
appointed for that purpoſe on board his majeſty's judice againſt me, will be ſeen through, I Mall
fhip the St. George, in Portſmouth harbour, came 66 be conſidered, as I now perceive myſelf, a
on the trial of admiral Byng on a charge of cow 66 victim deſtined to divert the indignation and
ardice and neglect of duty in preventing the “ reſentment of an injured and deluded people
French fleet attacking the iſland of Minorca. “ from the proper objects. My enemies them-
And after a trial which continued till the 28th of “ felves muſt now think me innocent. Happy
January, the court gave it as their opinion, that “ for me, at this my laſt moment, that I know
admiral Byng did not do his utmoſt to engage the my own innocence, and am conſcious that no
enemy, and that he had fallen under part of the « part of my country's misfortunes can be owing,
twelfth article of war; and therefore they ad " to me. I heartily with the ſhedding my blood
judged and ſentenced him to be ſhot to death. At
may contribute to the happineſs and ſervice of
the ſame time, however, they unanimouſly re my country ; but cannot reſign my juft claim
commended him to mercy.
*s to a faithful diſcharge of my duty according
Notwithſtanding the recommendation of the
to the beſt of my judgment, and the utmoſt
court-marcial to his majeſty's mercy, an order was 66 exertion of my ability for his majeſty's honour,
fent down for the execution of the ſentence on « and my country's ſervice. I am ſorry that my
the 28th of February ; but ſtrong application endeavours were not attended with more ſuc.
being made in his behalf, was reſpited a further s ceſs, and that the armament under my com-
time, in conſequence of an order from his ma « mand proved too weak to ſucceed in an ex-
jefty, who was pleaſed to declare that the ſentence 66 pedition of ſuch moment.
Truch has pre-
fhould yet be carried into execution if it did not « vailed over calumny and falliood; and juſtice
appear to be unjuft. Which ſentence being af-
sc has wiped off the ignominious ftain of my
terwards declared to be clearly legal, the admiral 6C ſuppoſed want of perſonal courage or diſaffec-
was ſhot to death in purſuance thereof, on board 6c tion. But who can be preſumptuouſly ſure of
the Monarque at Portſmouth, on Monday the « his own judgment? If my crime is an error in
fourteenth of March, 1757.
judgment, or differing in opinion from my
On the morning of his execution, orders being a judges ; and if yet, the error in judgment
given for all the men of war at Spichead to ſend 46 Thould be on their fide, God forgive them, as
their boats with the captains and all officers of “ I do; and may the diſtrefs of their minds, and
each fhip, accompanied by a party of marines s uneaſineſs of their conſciences, which injuſtice
under arms, to attend the execution, they, in 66 to me they have repreſented, be relieved and
purſuance of that order rowed from Spithead, ſubfide, as my refentment has done. The ſu-
and made the harbour a little after eleven o'clock
“ preme judge fees all hearts and motives;
with the utmoſt difficulty and danger, ic blowing 66 and to him I muſt ſubmit the juftneſs of my
a very hard gale of wind. Notwithſtanding
66 cauſe.
J. Byng.”
which and the ſea ran very high, there was a
prodigious number of other boats round the On board his majeſty's fhip Monarque, in
ſhips on the outſide of the men of war's boats, Portſmouth Harbour, March 14th, 1757
31
The
92
Yyyy

362
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
The inftability of the ſtate at this time produced country, and the fons of freedom began to fura
a change very diſagreeable to the nation. Mr. « bifh their own arms; placemen, penſioners,
Pitt and Mr. Legge; in whoſe abilities and inte “ jobbers, and agents, the corrupt fons of bad
grity every one placed confidence, had ſcarce « adminiſtration, hung down their heads, ſnarled
made their appearance upon the political ſtage, " and retired into corners; and every aſpect fore-
before they were diſmiſſed from their places in v told better times. But ſee the uncertainty of
the miniſtry. This, however, was not any dif « human events ! we had no ſooner pleaſed our-
grace in the eyes of the public: on che contrary ſelves with the ray of proſperity, but Bri-
there was no corporation of any conſequence but cs tannia's props are taken away, and, every one
haſted to ſhew their diſlike of their diſmiſſion, « fears the danger of a relapſe, by having loft
and to approve of their conduct during the ſhort " thoſe who ſo well adminiſtered, and underſtood
time they had been permitted to be at the head "s her conſtitution. The appointing and removal
of the miniſtry. The city of London led the 66 of minifters, being the act of ſacred power
way. And at a court of common-council held
56 and ſovereign authority, duty, as well as dif-
the fifteenth of April, Mr. deputy Hodges role "cretion, requires I ſhould be filent on that
up, and ſpoke as follows:
- head; but as a ſubject of Britain, I can la-
“ ment the loſs of ſuch patriots and protectors ;
“ Hiſtory, the key of knowledge, and experi " as an Engliſhman, I have a right to acknowledge
ence, the touchſtone of truth, have convinced ca and thank. We have all that right. Wiſdom
us, that this country owes the preſervation of as as well as policy dictate the exerciſe of it on the
" its moſt excellent conſtitution to the frequent preſent occaſion. I therefore beg leave to:
jealouſies, fears and apprehenſions of the peo 66 move that the freedom of this city be preſented
ple. Whenever the face of public affairs has « in golden boxes, to the right honourable Wil-
« borne a diſagreeable or dangerous aſpect ; co liam Pict, and the right hon. Henry Bilſon:
us whenever the people have been injured by the 66 Legge, gentlemen who have ſo gloriouſly led
" conduct of thoſe who have undertaken the di " the van, in our late excellent but ſhort admin
« rection and management of their public affairs, " niftration. It has been cuſtomary for this court
they have always by a vigorous and timely " to give the freedom of the city to thoſe who
« oppoſition, impeded the impending danger ; “ have eminently ſerved, and we ſhall ſurely do it
“ and when they have been proſperous and Hou " to theſe gentlemen who have ſaved their coun-
riſhing, when thoſe in power have done, or try : if we cannot appoint men, or promote
« attempted any material ſervice to their country, " their continuance, we can and ought to fanc-
“ the people have been always equally ready to " tify their meaſures, when ſo evidently tending
acknowledge and reward. Inſtances of this " to the good of our country. The queſtion I
“ kind are ſo freequent in our hiſtory, that it is “ ſhall propoſe, and which I hope will meet with
“ needleſs to deſcend to particulars, and it would cc the unanimous concurrence of this court, is,
“ be taking up your time unneceſſarily to enter " that the freedom of this city be preſented ta
« into a defence of this conduct: as applications • the right honourable William Pitt, late one of
56 to puniſh, when neceffary, are intended to de « his majeſty's principle ſecretaries of ſtate, and
ter, ſo thanks and rewards do conduce to excite 66 to the right honourable Henry Bilſon Legge,
« and create emulation ; both abſolutely necef 6 late chancellor and under-treaſurer of his ma-
“ ſary to ſupport the principal ends and deſign “ jeſty's exchequer, in teſtimony of the grateful
“ of government, the happineſs of ſociety; and ca ſenſe which the citizens of London entertain
« in all caſes of this fort, it has been cuſtomary • of their loyal and diſintereſted conduct during
« for this corporation, as the metropolis to ſet " their truly honourable, though ſhort admini-
« the example. Not long ſince, too late to be “ ftration : their beginning a ſcheme of public
66 forgot, this country was on the brink of ruin, 5% economy and at the ſame time leſſening the
« brought ſo by the miſtakes or deſigns of thoſe extent of miniſterial influence, by a reduction
es who had undertaken the direction of national c of the number of uſeleſs placemen ; their no-
« affairs: on this melancholy occaſion this court 66 ble efforts to ftem the general torrent of cor-
“ did preſent an addreſs of condolence to the " ruption, and to receive, by their example, the
s king; his majeſty received them with candour, “ almoſt extinguiſhed love of virtue and our
“ and, with the affection of a parent, regarded country; their zeal to promote a ſtrict and im-
“ their complaints ; a change of men ſoon fol « partial enquiry into the real cauſes of our great
“ lowed; and with them ſuch a change of mea “ loſſes and diſgrace in America and the Medi-
" ſures, as revived the ſinking ſpirits of the peo 6 terranean ; and laſtly, their vigilant attention
“ ple, and raiſed a finking land. Our country, " to ſupport the glory and independance of
“ Britannia, almoſt expiring, raiſed her dying 66 Great Britain, the honour and true intereſt of
66 head, ſaw virtue and integrity (who had long ac the crown, and the juſt rights and liberties of
e deſerted her) offer their aſſiſtance in the per as the ſubject, thereby moſt effectually ſecuring
6 fons of Mr. Pitt and Mr. Legge, chearfully CC the affections of a free people to his majeſty
accepted their friendly aid, at once forgot 6 and his illuſtrious family.”.
“ paſt misfortunes, though very great, and ſuf-
« fered them to be buried in future hopes; the A motion was then made, that a copy of the
conſequence of which was, public ſpirit and freedom of this city, be delivered by the cham-
« economy ventured once more to appear in berlain to each of thoſe gentlemen, in a gold box
« our aſſemblies ; commerce put on a new gar of the value of 100 guineas, which motion be-
"ment, foreign mercenaries retired from our ing unanimouſly agreed to, the ſame were pre-
fented
66
*66
66
66

HISTORY and SURVÉ Ž' of LONDON.
363
fented by Sir Thomas Harriſon, the chamberlain, | Lord-mayor for the year enſuing, when Sir
on the twenty-fourth of May. And at a court Charles Afgil, knt. alderman of Candlewick-ward,
of common-council held the fifteenth of June | being the alderman next the chair, was choſen
Sir Thomas acquainted the court that he had without oppoſition.
waited on the right honourable William Pitt and On the ſeventh of October, about ten o'clock
Henry Bilſon Legge, eſqs; agreeable to their re in the morning, an uncommon darkneſs was ob-
ſolution on the fifteenth of April, and that he ſerved in London and its neighbourhood, which
had received from thoſe gentlemen the following occaſioned terrible apprehenſions in many weak
anſwers, which they have given him in writing: people, who conſidered it as the effect
: of a comer
which at that time appeared every evening, and
The anfwer of the right hon. William Pitt. which had been predicted to produce fatal conſe-
quences.
“ Give me leave, Sir, to requeſt the favour of On the 12th of February 1758, a petition of
you, to preſent, in the moſt expreſſive terms, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and commons of the
" to the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common city of London, in common-council aſſembled,
" council of the city of London, the high ſenſe was preſented to the houſe by the ſheriffs of Lon-
" I have of the diſtinguiſhed honour they have don; in which petition they alledged, that the
“ been pleaſed to do me, in conferring on me the office of bailiff and conſervator of the river
< freedom of their city.
Thames, and waters of Medway, had been, time
“ I have ever been zealouſly devoted to the out of mind, veſted in the mayor and coma
ſupport of the liberty, trade, and proſperity of monalty, and citizens of the ſaid city, to be ex-
" that great and reſpectable, body; and I am now erciſed by the mayor or his ſufficient deputies;
proud and happy to have ſuch cauſe to add the and reciting the proviſions of an act, paſſed in
66 ſentiments of trueſt gratitude for fo generous the ninth of queen Ann, for the better preſerva-
a mark of their favour; and for ſo unmerited tion and improvement of the fiſhery within the
an approbation of my inſufficient endeavours river of Thames, and for regulating and govern-
to carry into effect the moſt gracious intentions, | ing the company of fiſhermen of the ſaid river ;
" and paternal care of his majeſty, for the pre and alledging, that the ſaid company had ceaſed
« fervation and happineſs of his people." to act ever ſince the year 1727 and that the body
of fiſhermen were then under no government or
The anſwer of the right hon. Henry Bilſon Legge, regulacion ; in conſequence whereof frequent
eſq;
abuſes were committed, to the prejudice of the
“ Give me leave, Sir, to beg the favour of fiſhery within the ſaid river, which abuſes could
you to return my fincereſt thanks to the Lord not be prevented or redreſſed without the aid of
“ mayor, aldermen and common-council, of the parliament; and therefore praying, that leave
city of London, for having admitted me to might be given to bring in a bill for the more ef-
c the freedom of their corporation.
fectual preſervation and improvement of the fry
" So eminent a mark of diſtinction, derived and ſpawn of fiſh in the ſaid river of Thames and
“ from the moſt reſpectable city in Europe, and waters of Medway, and for the better regulating
to which ſo few have ever received the honour the fiſhery thereof, and more ſpeedy puniſhing of
" of admiffion, cannot but fill my heart with the offenders, in ſuch manner as to the houſe ſhould
« higheſt ſenſe of gratitude and regard : and
ſeem meet.
" though it far exceeds the bare merit of mean In conſequence of this petition a bill was ſoon
using well, which is all I have to plead, muſt after brought in and paſſed; the purport of which
prove a ſtrong incentive to thoſe, whom his " that the court of Lord-mayor and alder-
" majeſty ſhall hereafter think fit to employ, to men of London ſhall have full power, and they
“ extert with equal zeal, much greater abilities are thereby required, on or before September
66 in the ſervice of their country.
29, 1757, to make, and ſet down in writing
“ I hope every part of my future conduct, < ſuch reaſonable rules and ordinances for the go-
conſiſtently with that which I have hitherto vernment and regulating all perſons who ſhall
« endeavoured to hold, will few my firm attach “ fiſh or drudge in the river of Thaines, and
« ment to the rights and privileges of my fellow 66 waters of Medway, (within the juriſdiction of
ſubjects, as well as to his majeſty and his illuf the mayor of London, as conſervator of the
66 trious family, upon whoſe eſtabliſhment the « faid river and waters) as common fiſhermen or
o maintainance of thoſe rights and privileges does “ drudgermen, or otherwiſe ; and for declaring
66 ſo effectually depend."
« in what manner they ſhall demean themſelves
« in fiſhing, and with what manner of nets
On the thirteenth of July a violent ſtorm of " and engines, and at what times and ſeaſons
rain happened at London, which ſo ſuddenly fil they ſhall uſe fiſhing; and for aſcertaining the
led the ſhores, that five men employed in cleaning « aflīze of the ſeveral fiſh to be taken; and for
the main ſhore at Fleet-ditch, were forced down " the preſervation of the ſpawn and fry of fiſh
by the ruſh of water, one of whom periſhed not 56 within the juriſdiction aforeſaid ; and for oblig-
withſtanding the utmoſt endeavours to ſave him. “ ing every common fiſherman or drudgerman,
On the the 28th of September William Nelſon, other ſuch perſon who ſhall fiſh with a boat,
eſq; aldermen of Alderſgate-ward, and Francis os &c. to have his chriſtian name and ſurname,
Goſling eſq; alderman of Farringdon without, “ and the name of the place in which he dwelleth,
were ſworn ſheriffs of the city of London, And painted in large and legible characters, in ſome
the next day came on at Guildhall the election of
“ convenient place of his boat, &c. where any
66
was,
(G
(6
or
one

364
HISTORY and SURVEN of LONDON.
one may
manner:
66
66 French navy.
fee and read the ſame; and for pre proſperity of his fellow-citizens, his inviolable
“ venting the fame from being changed or de-
66 attachment to the laws and liberties of his
« faced; and to annex reaſonable penalties and country, and for the noble example he has ſet
« forfeitures for the breach of ſuch rules, not " of a long and uninterrupted courſe of virtue
“ exceeding five pounds for any one offence ; “ in private as well public life.”
< and from time to time to alter and amend ſuch
“ rules, &c. and make new ones touching the Both theſe acknowledgments were afterwards
matters aforeſaid, fo as the ſame be allowed tranſmitted to Sir John by the town.clerk.
“ and approved of by the lord-chancellor, lord On the twenty-ſixth of Auguſt the Lord-may-
“ keeper, or commiſſioners of the great feal, the or, aldermen and commons of the city of Lon-
two lord chief juſtices, and the lord chief ba don waited on his majeſty at Kenſington, when
ron, or any two of them, &c. which rules and Sir William Moreton, the recorder, pronounced
“ ordinances are required to be printed and
their addreſs to his majeſty on the conqueſt of
“ made public within thirty days after being Louiſbourg and the reduction of the iſlands of
66 allowed.”
Cape Breton and St. John, in the following
On the eleventh of April between the hours of
ten and eleven at night, the temporary wooden
bridge, built for the convenience of carriages and “ Moſt gracious fovereign,
paſſengers, whilſt London-bridge was widening
and repairing, was entirely conſumed by fire. “ Amidſt the joyful acclamations of your faith-
See page 33
“ ful people, permit us, your majeſty's moſt duti-
On the ſeventeenth of July Sir John Barnard, “ ful and loyal ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, alder-
knt. father of the city, and alderman of Bridge men, and commons, of the city of London, in
ward without, deſired the court of aldermen common-council aſſembled, humbly to congra-
would permit him to reſign his gown, on account " tulate your majeſty on the ſucceſs of your
of his age and bad ſtate of health ; to which, arms, in the conqueſt of the important for-
after much reluctance, and many importunities “ treſs of Louiſbourg, the reduction of the
uſed by the aldermen preſent to the contrary, the " iſlands of Cape-Breton and St. John, and the
court conſented. And on the twenty-fifth it was “ blow there given to a conſiderable part of the
unanimouſly reſolved by the common-council,
(who had many years before erected his ſtatue un An event ſo truly glorious to your majeſty,
der the piazza within the Royal Exchange, in “ important to the colonies, trade, and naviga-
gratitude for the many ſervices he had done this " tion of Great Britain, and ſo fatal to the com-
city) “ That Sir John Barnard, knt. fo juſtly and « mercial views and naval power of France, af-
“ emphatically ſtiled the father of this city, hav “ fords a reaſonable proſpect of the recovery of
ing lately (to the great and laſting regret of “ all our rights and poſſeſſions in America, fo
“ this court) thought proper to reſign the office “ unjuſtly invaded; and in a great meaſure an-
ss of alderman, the thanks of this court be given “ ſwers the hopes we had formed when we beheld
" him for having ſo long and ſo faithfully de " the French power weakened on the coaſt of
6 voted himſelf to the ſervice of his fellow-cici " Africa, their ſhips deſtroyed in their ports at
zens, for the honour and influence which this “ home, and the terror thereby ſpread over all
u city has, upon many occaſions, derived from 66 their coaſts.
" the dignity of his character, and the wifdom, “ May theſe valuable acquiſitions, ſo gloriouſly
56 ſteadineſs, and integrity of his conduct : for « obtained, ever continue a part of the Britiſh
« his firm adherence to the conſtitution both in 6 empire, as an effectual check to the perfidy
• church and ſtate, his noble ſtruggles for liberty, “ and ambition of a nation whoſe repeated inſults
« and his diſintereſted and invariable purſuit of " and uſurpations obliged your majeſty to enter
the true glory and proſperity of his king and “ into this juſt and neceſſary war: and may theſe
country, uninfluenced by power, unawed by « inftances of the wiſdom of your majeſty's
46 clamour, and unbiaſſed by the prejudice of 66 councils, of the conduct and refolution of
your commanders, and of the intrepidity of
Sir Robert Ladbroke, at the ſaid court, de " your fleets and armies, convince the world of
clared his aſſent to take upon him the office of fa 66 the innate ſtrength and reſources of your king-
ther of the city, and the aldermanſhip of Bridge “ doms, and diſpoſe your majeſty's enemies to
ward without. And a motion was made by the “ yield to a ſafe and honourable peace.
faid gentleman, that the thanks of the court of « In all events we ſhall moft chearfully con-
aldermen ſhould be given to Sir John Barnard ; c tribute, to the utmoſt of our power, towards
and the fame, being agreed to, was expreſſed in « fupporting your majeſty in the vigorous pro-
the following terms :
“ fecution of meaſures ſo nobly defigned, and ſo
“ wiſely directed. And it ſhall be our moſt fer-
“ It is unanimouſly agreed and ordered, that “ vent prayer, that your majeſty may long, very
" the thanks of this court be given to Sir John « long, enjoy the fruits of your auſpicious go
66 Barnard, knt, late one of the aldermen, and « vernment, in returns of loyalty and affection
“ father of the city, for his conſtant attendance “ from a grateful people ; and that the crown of
" and falutary counſels in this court, his wiſe, 16 theſe realms may flouriſh, with equal luſtre, on
vigilant, and impartial adminiſtration of juſtice, as the heads of your auguſt deſcendants to lateſt
« his unwearied zeal for the honour, fafety and « pofterity."
To
56
party."
66

Engraved
for Chamberlainis Hiftory of London
.
Pipunu
P
His?
Wale adin.
Grognon faulp.
Elephant
View of the TEMPORARY Bridge of London
i Jive in the Nigiſt of April 11"1938.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
365
66
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to drawn by thirteen horſes each; nine ditto by nine
return this moſt gracious anſwer :
horſes each ; three ditto by ſeven horſes each;
one ditto by five horſes ; then two mortars by
" I receive this moſt dutiful and loyal addreſs nine horſes each. Theſe pieces were finely orna-
as a freſh mark of your conſtant affection to mented with the arms of France, and other hiero-
me and my government; and I return you my glyphics, ſuch as trophies, &c. finiſhed in a
hearty thanks for it. The ſteady affections of maſterly manner.
my people, united in a hearty zeal for the At a court of common-council held the 12th
6 honour of my crown, will, I doubt not, ena of December, the apothecaries were permitted to
" ble me to carry on, with vigour and ſucceſs, employ foreigners as journeymen to the end of
a war which was neceſſarily undertaken, to de the war, and for twelve months after.
“ fend the religion, liberties, and valuable poſ On the eighth of January 1759, his royal high-
“ ſeſſions of my kingdoms againſt the unjuſt at neſs George prince of Wales being arrived at the
tempts of my enemies. The city of London age of twenty-one years, the right honourable the
may always depend upon my protection and fa Lord-mayor, aldermen, and commons, waited on
“ vour, and upon my conſtant care for the extent his majeſty with the following moft dutiful ad-
o of their trade and navigation.”
dreſs on the occaſion:
On the twenty-eighth the colours taken at May it pleaſe your majeſty,
Louiſbourg were preſented to his majeſty at Ken-
fington, who was graciouſly pleaſed to order 'the “ We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal
fame to be depoſited in the cathedral church of " ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
St. Paul. Accordingly on the ſixth of September, mons of the city of London, in common-
proper detachments of horſe and foot grenadiers “ council aſſembled, humbly beg leave to con-
were ordered to parade at Kenſington at ten gratulate your majeſty on the fatisfaction of
o'clock in the morning for that purpoſe. The feeing your royal grandſon, the prince of
form of the cavalcade was as follows:
" Wales, that great object of your majeſty's pa-
• ternal care and follicitude, arrived at his age of
A ferjeant and twelve horſe-grenadiers.
twenty-one years, mature in all the accompliſh-
A field officer and officers in proportion. “ ments that can add luſtre to his high dignity, or
A detachment of eighty horſe-grenadier guards.
" command the love and veneration of mankind.
Eighty of the life-guards, with officers in pro “ Long may his royal highneſs enjoy the bene-
portion, with their ſtandard, kettle-drums and « fit of your majeſty's falutary precepts and ex-
trumpets.
ample, and continue to make your majeſty the
A ferjeant and twelve grenadiers of the foot ampleſt returns of filial duty and reſpect. May
guards.
“ his royal highneſs live to emulate the virtues
Eleven ſerjeants of the foot-guards carrying " that have endeared your majeſty's facred perſon
the eleven French colours.
" and government to a free people ; and may
And the march was cloſed by the four com " there never be wanting one of your majeſty's
panies of grenadiers of the foot-guards.
“ illuſtrious race to perpetuate the bleſſings we
66 derive from your auſpicious reign.
In this manner they proceeded from Kenſington 6 Permit us, moſt gracious ſovereign, to em-
through Hyde-park, and through the Stable-yard, “ brace this opportunity of affuring your majeſty,
St. James's, into Pall-mall, and ſo on to the weſt " that no hoſtile threats can intimidate people
gate of St. Pauls, where the colours were received « animated by the love of liberty, and inſpired
by the dean and chapter, attended by the choir ; " with a ſenſe of duty and affection to your
about which time the guns of the Tower, and in majeſty ; who, confiding in the divine pro-
St. James's Park were fired.
“ vidence, and the experienced wiſdom and
Theſe colours were put up near the weſt-door vigour of your majeſty's councils, are reſolved
of the cathedral, as a laſting memorial of the « to employ their utmoſt efforts towards enabling
ſucceſs of his majeſty's arms, in the reduction of your majeſty to repel the inſults, and defeat
the important fortreſs of Louiſbourg, and the 6 the attempts of the ancient enemies of your
iſands of Cape Breton and St. John. The greateſt majeſty's crown and kingdom.”
rejoicings were made on the above occaſion with-
in the cities of London and Weſtminſter.
To which addreſs his majeſty was graciouſly
On the ſixteenth of September the cannon and pleafed to return the following anſwer:
mortars taken at Cherbourg paſſed by his majeſty
at Kenſington, from whence they proceeded, and 66 The cordial expreſſions of your conſtant at-
came through the city in grand proceſſion, guard “ tachment to my perſon and family are very
ed by a company of matroſſes, with drums beat agreeable to me ; and I return you my hearty
ing and fifes playing all the way to the Tower, “ thanks for this freſh mark of your zeal and af-
where they arrived about four o'clock in the af $c fection.
There were twenty-three carriages, “ I have the firmeſt confidence in the fidelity
drawn by 229 horſes, with a poftillion and driver " and ſpirit of my people; and I truſt I ſhall be
to each carriage, in the following manner : the “ well enabled, under the divine providence, to
firſt drawn by fifteen grey horſes, with the Engliſh defeat and fruſtrate the moſt daring attempts
colours and the French underneath ; ſeven ditto " of the ancient enemy of my crown.".
31
ZZZZ
The
CC
(6
ternoon.

366
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
as fol-
commoners; the ſubſtance of which was ,
The next day they complimented his royal ſhould incur fuch forfeiture as chis committee ſhall
highneſs, and his auguſt mother on the fame joy. ſee fit, in caſe of neglect to make good any of the
ful occaſion.
ſtipulated payments: the ſaid annuities to be paid
At a court of common-council held the nine half-yearly by the chamberlain, but to be redeem-
teenth of July, the committee appointed to carry
able at the expiration of the firſt ten years, upon
the act of parliament into execution for building fix months notice, and payment of the money
a bridge croſs the river Thames from Black friars, advanced.
delivered to the court a repreſentation in writing, 6. That it is the opinion of this committee,
under the hands of fix aldermen and twenty that the chamberlain ſhould be authorized and
directed to affix this city's ſeal to ſuch inftruments
lows:
as the committee ſhall think fit to give, purſuant
to the ſaid act, for ſecuring the payment of the
1. That it is the opinion of this committee, ſaid annuities, redeemable as aforeſaid, and which
that the intended bridge ſhould be of ſtone. ſhall be tranſacted and paid for in manner before-
2. That from the evidence given to parliament, mentioned.
upon the application for an act to build the ſaid 7. That it is the opinion of this committee,
bridge, it is the opinion of this committee, that that the chamberlain ſhould be authorized and
an elegant, fubftantial and convenient ſtone directed to pay and apply the monies ſo to be paid
bridge may be erected for a fum not exceeding | in, for the purpoſes of the ſaid act, in ſuch a
120,000l.
manner as this committee fhall, from time to
3. That, from eſtimates laid before us, it is time, think fit and order.
the opinion of this committee that proper avenues 8. That it is the opinion of this committee,
to the ſaid bridge may be purchaſed and com that the chamberlain ſhould be authorized and di.
pleated for a ſum not exceeding 24,000l.
rected to lay out and apply the ſheriff's fines, ap-
4. That it is the opinion of this committee, that propriated by order of the court of common-
a ſum not exceeding 144,000l. ſhould be forth council, for the purpoſes of the ſaid act, either
with contracted for, and raiſed within the ſpace in the public funds, in order to carry intereſt,
of eight years, by ſuch inſtallments as this com or to payment of the ſaid annuities or otherwiſe,
mittee ſhall think proper in each year, not exceed as this committee ſhall, from time to time think
ing thirty thouſand pounds in any one year : the fit and order. And it was ordered, that the court
money ſo to be contracted for to be paid into the of common council be moved purſuant to the five
chamber of London.
laſt reſolutions.
5. That it is the opinion of this committee, In conſequence of which, at another court ap-
that the perſons contracting to advance the ſaid pointed for that purpoſe, the ſaid affairs of the
money ſhould be intitled to an intereſt of four new bridge were conſidered and ſtrongly debated.
pounds per cent. per annum, by way of annui They divided three different times; and there
ties, to be computed from the time of the firſt being, on each diviſion, a majoricy of forty, and
payment in each year, upon the whole ſum by upwards, they were agreed to.
them reſpectively advanced within the year ; but
CHAPTER XLVI.
Subſcription opened at Guildhall for the ſupply of landmen. Death of princeſs Caroline. Re-
joicings on the taking of Quebec. City addreſs on the occaſion. Great fire in Sweeting'sa
alley. Another in Covent-garden. Improvements in the city of London by act of parlia-
ment. Remarkable high wind. Earl Ferrers tried before the houſe of lords at Weſtminſter-hall,
for the murder of his ſteward. His execution. Firſt pile drove for the new bridge at Black-
friars. City addreſs on the conqueſt of Canada. Death of king George II. Accefſion of king
George III. City right to tolls in markets. Election of members for the city of London. Free-
dom preſented to Arthur Onſlow, eſq; and the duke of York. Addreſs to his majeſty on the
conqueſt of Bellifle.
HE power of the enemy in Germany be-
ing very ſtrong, and continual recruits
wanted to ſupply the great draughts of
men neceſſary to be made from England to defeat
their deſigns, the Lord-mayor called a common-
council, and acquainted them, that he had ſum-
moned that court to deliberate on a propoſition of
great conſequence to the ſervice of their king and
country, and hoped that the reſult would be ſuch
as ſhould do honour to the city, by proving the
ſincerity of their profeſſions to his majeſty. Where-
upon the court, among other confiderations, re-
ſolved and ordered, that voluntary ſubſcriptions
ſhould be received in the chamber of London,
to be appropriated as bounty-money to ſuch per-
ſons as ſhould enter into his majeſty's ſervice, and
that the city ſubſcribe soool. for that purpoſe ;
and a committee of twelve aldermen and twenty-
four

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON .
367
four commoners was appointed to attend at who ſhould enlift into the land ſervice, into ef-
Guildhall, to diſpoſe of the ſaid bounty-money
fectual execution. By an account afterwards
to perſons applying for the ſame; and that one publiſhed, it appeared that the Guildhall ſubſcrip-
alderman and two commoners be à quorun to tion mounted to 70391. 75. with which money
tranſact buſineſs: and, as a further encouragement, were enliſted 1235 men for his majeſty's land-
every perſon, ſo entering, ſhall be entitled to the ſervice.
freedom of this city at the expiration of three On the fourth of September died her royal
years, or ſooner, if the war ſhould end : and the highneſs princeſs Elizabeth Caroline, ſecond daugh-
town clerk was ordered by the court to wait upon ter to the late prince of Wales ; and on the four-
the right honourable Mr. Pitt with the ſaid reſo teenth her royal highneſſes's obſequies were inter-
lutions, and deſire him to inform his majeſty of red with the uſual folemnities in the royal vault in
the fame. Some of the committee were ordered king Henry the VIIth's chapel at Weſtminſter.
to wait upon lord Ligonier, to deſire him to ſend On the twenty-eighth, George Errington and
proper officers to Guildhall to receive ſuch per Paul Vaillant, efqrs. were ſworn in at Guildhall
fons às ſhould be enliſted.
ſheriffs of London and Middleſex for the year en-
Agreeable to the above order the town clerk ſuing. And the next day Sir Thomas Chitty,
waited on Mr. Pitt, who the next day ſent the knt. alderman of Tower-ward, was elected Lord-
following letter.
mayor of London.
Among the various conqueſts obtained over
To the right honourable the Lord-mayor of the the French, this year records the taking of Que-
city of London.
bec: on the receipt of which news the Park and
Tower guns were fired, flags every where diſplay-
59. My lord,
Whitehall Aug. 15 1759,
ed from the ſteeples of churches, and the great-
eſt illuminations made throughout the city and
" Having, in conſequence of the deſire of the ſuburbs, that were ever known. And on the
court of common-council, had the honour to twentieth of October, the right honourable the
« lay before the king their reſolutions of yeſter- | Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common-council,
5 day, for offering certain bounties and encou waited on his majeſty with the following congra-
ragements to ſuch able bodied men as ſhall en tulatory addreſs on the occaſion :
" liſt themſelves at the Guildhall of London, to
“ ferve in his majeſty's land forces, upon the “ May it pleaſe your majeſty,
termis contained in his majeſty's order in coun.
“ cil; I am commanded by the king to acquaint " To accept the moſt humble but warmeſt
“ your lordſhip, (of which you will be pleafed to " congratulations of your majeſty's dutiful and
“ make the proper communication) that his ma loyal ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and
jeſty thanks the city of London for this freſh commons, of the city of London, in common-
" teſtimony of their zeal and affection for his « council aſſembled, upon the rapid and unin-
royal perſon and government. I am farther « terrupted ſeries of victories and ſucceſſes,
« commanded by the king to expreſs his majeſty's " which, under the divine bleſſing, have attended
" moſt entire ſatisfaction in this ſignal proof of your majeſty's arms by fea and land, within
" the unſhaken reſolution of the city of London " the compaſs of this diſtinguiſhed and ever me-
to ſupport a juſt and neceſſary war, undertaken
66 morable year.
“ in defence of the rights and honour of his « The reduction of Fort du Queſne on the
crown, and for the ſecurity of the colonies, " Ohio; of the iſland of Goree in Africa; and
" the trade and navigation of Great-Britain." 56 of Guadaloupe, with its dependencies, in the
“ I am, with great truth and reſpect, “ Weſt-Indies; the repulſe and defeat of the
My Lord,
" whole French army, by a handful of infantry,
“ Your lordſhip’s moft obedient humble ſervant, 6 in the plains of Minden; the taking of Nia-
16 W. PITT.” gara, Ticonderoga, and Crown-Point; the na-
“ val victory off cape Lagos; the advantages
A ſubſcription was immediately opened at “ gained over the French nation in the Eaſt-In-
Guildhall which met with fuch univerſal en “ dies; and, above all, the conqueſt of Quebec,
couragement, that they were ſoon enabled to carry " (the capital of the French empire in North-
this laudable ſcheme into execution : for, by giv 66 America) in a manner ſo glorious to your ma-
ing five guineas to each perſon who ſhould volun jeſty's arms, againſt every advantage of fitua-
tarily offer himſelf for his majeſty's ſervice, and 56 tion and ſuperior numbers ; are ſuch events as
a promiſe that he fhould be admiteed a freeman " will for ever render your majeſty's auſpicious
of London without fee or reward, upon produc « reign the favourite æra in the hiſtory of Great-
ing a teſtimonial of his good behaviour from a 66 Britain,
general officer, great numbers immediately of “ But, whilft we reflect with ſurprize and gra-
fered and enliſted.
“ titude upon this laſt and moſt important con-
The city of Weſtminſter ſoon after adopted queſt, permit us, gracious fovereign, to expreſs
the ſame ſcheme; when, on the nineteenth of “ our great regard for the immenſe (though al-
September, a great number of the nobility, &c. “ moſt only) loſs which has attended it, in the
met at the St. Alban's tavern, ſubſcribed 47261. « death of that gallant general James Wolfe,
immediately, and appointed a committee to carry
( whoſe abilities formed, whoſe courage attempt-
the ſaid ſubſcription, to pay bounties to perſons " ed, and whoſe conduct happily effected, the
“ glorious
27

368
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
1
glorious enterprize in which he fell, leaving to be invited into the new buildings on the Surry
" future times an heroic example of military ſkill, ſide; by which the eſtates in the city would be
C diſcipline, and fortitude.
greatly prejudiced. To prevent this, and for the
« Meaſures of ſuch national concern, ſo inva farther emolument of the city, the common-coun-
riably purſued, and acquiſitions of ſo much cil, on the twenty-ſecond of January 1760, re-
“ conſequence to the power and trade of Great ſolved that an application ſhould be made to par-
“ Britain, are the nobleſt proofs of your majeſty's liament for a bill to empower the city to make
“ paternal affection and regard for the true in ſuch alterations in regard to the avenues leading
« tereſt of your kingdoms, and reflect honour into it, as ſhould be thought neceſſary, and might
upon thoſe whom your majeſty has been pleaſed tend to its advantage. Accordingly a petition
to admit into your council, or to intruſt with was preſented on the twenty-fourth, praying that
" the conduct of your fleets and armies.
leave might be given to bring in a bill to widen
" Theſe will ever command the lives and for and enlarge ſeveral old ſtreets, lanes, &c. and to
tunes of a free and grateful people, in defence open ſeveral new ſtreets and ways, and for deter-
“ of your majeſty's facred perſon and royal fami mining, in a ſummary way, all diſputes ariſing
“ ly, againſt the attempts of all your enemies. about the rebuilding of houſes, in which ſeveral
“ And we humbly truſt that almighty God will perſons had an intermixed property. In conſe-
6 bleſs your majeſty's falutary intentions with a quence of this petition an act of parliament was
so continuance of ſucceſs, and thereby, in time, foon after paſſed, by which the citizens were em-
« lead to a ſafe and honourable peace.”
powered to make the following openings, im-
provements and enlargements in the reſpective
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to wards of the city of London.
return the following moſt gracious anſwer.
Openings.
“ I receive, with particular fatisfaction, this
6 moft dutiful and loyal addreſs, as an additional In Alderſgate-ward. A paffage 20 feet wide,
“ mark of your affection to my perſon, and of from the eaſt ſide of Alderſgate-ſtreet (oppoſite
your ſignal zeal for the honour of my govern to Little-britain) to the weſt of Noble-ſtreet, op-
ment in this juſt and neceſſary war. Our fuc poſite to Oat-lane; and from thence through
« ceſſes are, under the bleſſing of God, the na Wood-ſtreet, oppoſite to Love-lane.
s6 tural and happy fruit of union amongft my Aldgate-ward. A paffage 50 feet wide, from
6 people, and of ability and valour in my Aeets the maſon's ſhop, facing Crutched-friars, in a
" and armies. I have an entire confidence in this direct line to the Minories. A paffage, 25
truly national ſpirit, and the city of London feet wide, through Northumberland-alley, into
may depend on my tender care for the rights, Crutched-friars.
• trade, colonies, and navigation of my faithful Biſhopſgate-ward. A paffage, 25 feet wide,
ſubjects.”
through Angel-court, in Biſhopſgate-ſtreet, into
Little St. Helen's. A paſſage, 20 feet wide, from
On the tenth of November, about five o'clock Broad-ſtreet, through Union-court into Biſhopf-
in the morning, a dreadful fire broke out at Ham-
lin's coffee-houſe in Sweetingºs-alley, near the Coleman-ſtreet-ward. A paffage, 50 feet wide,
Royal Exchange, which conſumed that and ano. from Token-houſe-yard to London-wall.
ther coffee-houſe adjoining. The Aames ſpread Farringdon-ward without. A paffage, 30 feet
themſelves with ſuch rapidity into Cornhill, that wide, in the middle part of Snow-hill, to Fleet-
thirteen capital houſes were entirely deſtroyed, and market. A paſſage, 25 feet wide, from Butcher-
ſeveral others very conſiderably damaged. And hall-lane into Little-britain.
on the twenty-third of December, about four in Farringdon-ward within. A paſſage through
the morning, another fire broke out at a cabinet- | Cock-alley on the ſouth-ſide of Ludgate-hill, and
maker's in King-ſtreet, Covent-garden, which oppoſite to the Old-bailey, 40 feet wide, into
entirely conſumed that houſe, and two others in Black-friars.
front. A large workſhop backwards took fire,
and the flames foon reached ſeveral houſes in
Improvements and enlargements.
Hart-ſtreet, which were burnt down ; as were
likewiſe all the houſes on the right hand ſide of In Aldgate-ward. The houſes on the eaſt-ſide
the
way in Roſe-ſtreet, through to Long Acre. of Billiter-lane to be pulled down, to enlarge the
About fifty houſes were entirely conſumed, beſides paſſage to thirty feet. The houſes at the eaſt-end
many others greatly damaged. One fireman and of Leadenhall-ſtreet to be pulled down, to make
a brewer's ſervant loſt their lives by the fall of a the paſſage there 35 feet-wide. Part of the houſes
houſe, and ſeveral others had their legs and arms on the eaſt-ſide of Poor-jury-lane, beginning with
broke. The damage was computed at more than a houſe on the north-fide of the Horſe and
ſeventy thouſand pounds.
Trumpet, and extending ſouthward to Gould-
The building of the new bridge being finally || ſquare, to range in a line with that end of the
determined, and all preparations made for its ex lane next to Aldgate; the paſſage of which is to
ecution, the more diſcerning part of the city fore be made 35 feet wide, by letting back all the
ſaw, that unleſs proper meaſures ſhould be taken houſes from the gate to the Horſe and Trumpet,
to make the city of London more airy and com Broad-ſtreet-ward. The houſe at the weſt end
modious for trade before the bridge ſhould be of the buildings between Cornhill and Thread-
finiſhed, the genteel part of its inhabitants might II needle-ſtreet, oppoſite to the ſouth end of
Princes-
gate-ſtreet.

HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
369
1
Princes-ſtreet, to be pulled down, and the ground Tower-ward, Such part of the houſes on St.
laid into the ſtreet. The houſes to be pulled Dunſtan's-hill, adjoining to the George alehouſe,
down on the ſouth ſide of Threadneedle-ſtreet, and oppoſite to the chain, and ſuch part of the
extending from the houſe before-mentioned eaſt warehouſes oppoſite to the end of St. Dunſtan's
ward to that part of the ſtreet which is oppoſite church, to be pulled down as will make the paſ-
to the bank gates; and the paſſage there enlarged | fage 30 feet wide.
to 35 feet in width.
The houſe on the north weſt corner of Great
Coleman-ſtreet-ward. One houſe on the north Tower-ſtreet, and alſo the houſe on the ſouth
eaſt corner of the Old-Jury, and another houſe eaſt corner of Little Tower-ſtreet, to be pulled
at the ſouth weſt corner of Coleman-ftreet, to be down to make a convenient paſſage. The houſe
pulled down, and the ground laid into the ſtreet, in Mark-lane which adjoins to Allhallows-ſtain-
Cordwainer's ward. The houſe at the north ing, and projects 12 feet before the other houſes,
eaſt corner of Trinity-lane, near the Dog-tavern, to be pulled down, to make it range in a line
to be pulled down, and laid into the ſtreet. with the other houſes, and enlarge the paſſage,
Cornhill-ward. The houſe at the weſt end of Vintry-ward. The houſes on the north ſide of
the buildings, between Cornhill and Lombard Thames-ſtreet, which reach from Elbow-lane to
ſtreet, to be taken down, and the ground laid College-hill, and alſo thoſe on the ſouth ſide of
into the ſteet.
the ſaid ſtreet, which reach from Vintners-hall to
Cripplegate-ward within. The houſes which Bull-wharf-lane, to be pulled down, in order to
project forward at the weſt end of Silver- ftreet ake the ſtreet 40 feet wide. The houſe at the
from the end of Monkwell-ſtreet, quite through corner of Tower-Royal, facing College-hill, to
into Alderſgate-ſtreet, to be pulled down, to be pulled down, and the ground laid into the
make a ſtreer forty feet wide. The houſe at the ſtreet.
corner of Aldermanbury, formerly the Baptiſt Walbrook-ward. The houſe at the north eaſt
head tavern, facing Milk-ſtreet, to be taken down, corner of Bucklerſbury, which projects before
and the ground laid into the ſtreet.
the other buildings, to be pulled down.
Farringdon-ward within. The tin ſhop and Biſhopſgate-ward. The two houſes between
the trunk-makers, at the ſouth weſt corner of New Broad-ſtreet, and New Broad-ſtreet build-
Cheapſide, leading into St. Paul's-church-yard, || ings, which project fo far into the ſtreet, to be
to be pulled down and the ground laid into the pulled down.
ftreet, Such part of the houſes in Creed-lane,
to be taken down as are neceſſary to widen the On the fifteenth of February à moſt terrible
paſſage to thirty feet.
hurricane aroſe, which did incredible damage
Farringdon-ward without. All the houſes in both at land and on the river, but more particu-
the middle row between the paved-alley adjoining | larly the latter. A ſtack of chimnies fell on a
to St., Sepulchre’s-church, and Gilt-ſpur-ſtreet, | houſe in Groſvenor-ſquare, and demoliſhed the
from the north end quite through to the ſouth bed and furniture of two rooms. A houſe in
end, facing Hart-ſtreet, to be taken down, and Hanover-ſtreet had the gable end blown off: and
the ground laid into the ſtreet. All the houſes one of the pinnacles of a houſe adjoining to the
in the middle row between the Great and Little houſe of commons was blown down, and broke
Old-bailey, from the north end facing Hart-ftreet, | through the roof of the room over the ſpeaker's
to the Baptiſt-head at the ſouth end ; as likewiſe chamber. On the roof of the admiralty upwards
the ſhops or ſheds under St. Dunſtan's church, in of twenty-ſeven feet of the lead was rolled up by
Fleet-ſtreet, to be pulled down, and the ground || the force of the wind like a ſcroll. The mall in
laid into the ſtreet. can
St. James's Park was covered with branches of
Langbourn-ward. Such part of the houſes at trees; and a great number of chimnies, fences,
the end of Mark-lane, next to Fenchurch-ftreet, &c. were blown down in Weſtminſter, by which
and ſuch part of thoſe at the eaſt end of Lombard-
many people loſt their lives.
ſtreet, to be pulled down, as will make the pal On the ſixteenth of April came on before the
ſage in each place 30 feet wide.
houſe of lords at Weſtminſter-hall, the trial of
Portfoken-ward. The houſe at the north eaſt Laurence earl Ferrers, for the murder of Mr.
corner of Houndſditch, adjoining to the church- | Johnſon, * his ſteward, by ſhooting him with a
yard, to be pulled down, and the ground laid into || piſtol, the balls from which entered one ſide of
Lhe ſtreet.
his
1
* This murder was committed at his lordſhip's ſeat in
Leiceſterſhire. Mr. Johnſon lived about nine hours after
he was ſhot; in which time he gave the following account:
That his lordſhip had ſent all the ſervants out of the way
but
one, when he called him up to deliver in his accounts; that
when he entered the room, he obſerved that his lordſhip
turned the key upon him, and, when he preſented his pa-
pers, he expreſſed ſome diſcontent, and bid him fall upon
his knees. 'Mr. Johnſon expoftulated with him, defiring to
know in what he had offended; that he doubted not, upon
examination, he would find his accounts exact, and, as they
had always been, to his fatifaction; he beſeeched his lord-
ſhip to give him leave to explain them. His anſwer was,
that he did not doubt his accounts, but he had been a tyrant,
and he was determined to puniſh him, and inſiſted on his
31
falling on his knees to make his peace with his God, for
he never ſhould riſe again till he roſe at the reſurrection. Mr.
Johnſon then fell upon one knee, and befought him to con-
ſider his
age
and his ſervices; that he had been thirty years
a faithful ſervant in the family, and that he could never be
charged with wrong to any man. His lordſhip made an-
ſwer, that he muſt either be a rogue to him, or to others,
and, pulling a piſtol out of his pocket, and cocking it, bid
him inſtantly fall on both knees, and pray to God, for now
was the laſt moment he had to live. He then obeyed, and
his lordſhip diſcharged the 'piſtol full at his body. He
dropped, and his lordſhip raiſing him up, aſked, “ how he
« felt himſelf now;" to which he replied, “ like a man
" who has but a few moments to live.” Then ſaid he,
make good uſe of your time; and, taking him in his arms,
5 A
placed

370
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
his belly, and came out at the other. Lord keeper phreys, chaplain of the Tower, eſcorted by two
Henley was appointed lord high ſteward of Eng other parties of horſe-grenadiers and foot.
land on this occaſion. The priſoner, in his own Mr. fheriff Vaillant's chariot, with his under
coach, attended by the major of the Tower (where fheriff.
he was confined) and ſome other gentlemen, and A mourning coach and ſix, with ſome of his lord-
guarded by a party of the foot-guards and war fhip's friends.
ders of the Tower, arrived about eleven o'clock A hearſe and fix, provided to carry his lordſhip's
at Weſtminſter-hall, and was immediately fol body from the place of execution to Surgeons-
lowed by the lord high ſteward in his ſtate coach, hall.
drawn by fix horſes, and followed by the twelve
judges and maſters in chancery. All the crown The proceſſion was flow and folemn, taking up
evidence, and part of his lordſhip's, were that two hours and three quarters, through an innu-
day examined ; and the next day the evidence merable concourſe of ſpectators, who behaved
being cloſed, earl Ferrers was unanimouſly found with the utmoſt decency, and were, in general,
guilty of felony and murder. In conſequence of impreſſed with an awful melancholy filence. His
which, the day following, being the eighteenth,t lordſhip behaved with eaſe and compoſure during
the lord high ſteward pronounced ſentence on the whole time of his paſſage from the Tower to
the earl as follows: “That his lordſhip be car Tyburn. He told Mr. ſheriff Vaillant, as they
“ ried back to the priſon of the Tower from | fat in the landau, that his dreſs (light cloaths em-
« whence he came, and from thence to the place broidered with ſilver) might ſeem odd; but that
“ of execution, on Monday next, and there be he had his reaſons for wearing them that day :
“ hanged by the neck till he was dead ; after which, however, he did not mention. After tak-
“ which his body was to be delivered to Sur-
ing notice of the innumerable multitude that
geons-hall to be diffected and anatomized." crowded round him every foot of the way, he
At this part of the ſentence his lordſhip cried out, added, that he ſuppoſed they came to ſee a lord
“ God forbid !” but foon recollecting himſelf, hanged. He had applied in vain to the king, by
added, “ God's will be done !” Afterwards the
letter, that he might ſuffer in the Tower, where
lord high ſteward took notice that by the act of
Effex, queen Elizabeth's favourite, was behead-
parliament, the lords, his judges, had a power ed: he made this application with the more con-
of reſpiting, and therefore, that he might have fidence, as he had the honour, he ſaid, to quarter
more time to prepare himſelf, they poſtponed his
part of his majeſty's arms, and to be allied to
fentence to the fifth of May. On the ſecond of him. To die at the place for executing common
which the ſheriffs received a writ for the execution
felons he thought hard: and obſerved, that the
of this unhappy nobleman, under the great ſeal
apparatus of death, and the being made a ſpecta-
of Great Britain, and a writ was alſo ſent to the
cle to ſuch multitudes, was worſe than death it-
lieutenant of the Tower, for the delivery of his
ſelf. Mr. Humphreys had never ſeen him till that
lordſhip’s body to the faid ſheriffs.
morning; and that gentleman fignifying to him
On the morning of his execution, about nine
that ſome account of his religious fentiments would
o'clock, the ſheriffs, attended by their under
be expected, he made anſwer, That he did not
ſheriffs, &c. went to the outward gate of the
think himſelf accountable for theſe to the public.
Tower, of which ear] Ferrers being informed,
That he had always adored one God, the niaker
ſent to deſire of them the permiſſion of going in
of the world, and for any peculiar notions of his
his own landau, inſtead of a mourning coach pro-
vided by his friends. The ſheriffs having given
own, he had never propagated them, or endea-
voured to make profelytes; that he thought it
a receipt for his body, the folemn proceſſion mov-
wrong to diſturb any national form of religion,
ed on thus :
as lord Bolingbroke had done by the publication
of his writings. He added, that the multitude
A large body of conſtables.
of fects, and the many diſputes about religion,
A party of horſe-grenadiers and another of foot.
had almoſt baniſhed morality. [Did ever theſe
Mr. Sheriff Errington, with his deputy, in his hurt the morals of any fincere enquirer after
chariot.
truth?] His ſhooting Mr. Johnſon, againſt whom
His lordſhip in his landau, accompanied by Mr.
he declared that he had no malice, he aſcribed to
ſheriff Vaillant, and the reverend Mr. Hum-
his not knowing what he did, which diſorder was
placed him in a chair. The only ſervant in the houſe, his
lordſhip ſent for a ſurgeon; and, when the ſurgeon came,
he took him to the room where the ſteward was, and bid him
take care of him ; but, at the ſame time, with the ſevereft
menaces, threatened, that if ever he ſaid a ſyllable about the
wound, he would, with the other piſtol, which he pulled
out and ſhewed him, ſerve him juſt as he had ſerved old
Johnſon. The ſurgeon, with great preſence of mind, an-
ſwered, there would be no occaſion to ſay any thing, for the
man would be well in four and twenty hours. But when he
was got out of his reach, he then applied to a neighbouring
juſtice of peace, told him of the caſe, and deſired that his
lord ſhip might be ſecured, which was accordingly done.
He was firſt confined in his own houſe, from whence he en-
deavoured to make his eſcape ; but on the man's dying he
was committed to the county priſon, and from thence to the
Tower,
+ Between nine and ten o'clock this morning, as earl
Ferrers was going from the Tower to Weſtminſter to receive
ſentence, a dreadful fire broke out at an oil-fhop in Thames-
ftreet, occaſioned by a ſervant intruſted with the care of
ſome combuſtible matter, which he had inadvertently left
on the fire, to gratify his curioſity with the fight of the
noble priſoner. The flames communicated theinſelves with
ſuch rapidity, that in a ſhort time feven houfes with ware-
houſes, &c. were entirely conſumed ; and St. Magnus's
church received very conſiderable damage. The valuable
goods which were deſtroyed in the different warehouſes in
Thames-ſtreet, amounted to at leaſt forty thouſand pounds.
Several firemen were greatly wounded, and one blown up
with gunpowder.
occaſioned

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
371
7
with energy,
occaſioned, he ſaid, by many croſſes and vexa terwards delivered to his friends, and interred in
rions he had met with at that particular time.
Leiceſterſhire.
As he approached Tyburn, he expreſſed a deſire On the ſeventh of June the firſt pile of the
to ſee a perſon (whether male or female is not new bridge from Black-friars to the oppoſite ſhore
mentioned) who waited there in a coach, and for in Surry, was drove in the middle of the Thames.
whom he ſaid he had a very ſincere regard ; And on the ninth the foundation was laid for a
but, being told that parting with this perſon new chapel at the end of Portland-ftreet, Mary.
might give him too great a ſhock, he declined it, bone.
and delivered to the ſheriff a bank note in a At the court of common-council held the
pocket book, with a ring, and a purſe with ſome eighteenth, the committee of the city lands were
guineas, to be given this perſon.
empowered to put in execution the act of parlia-
Being arrived at the place of execution, he ment paſſed the laſt ſeſſions, for widening and
alighted and aſcended the ſcaffold with the ſame improving the ſeveral ſtreets, &c. in the city :
compoſure he had hitherto ſhewn, where, after a and at the ſame time directed an opening to be
ſhort ſtay, he was aſked by the clergyman to join made as ſoon as poſſible from the eaſt end of
in prayer with him, which he declined; but, Crutched-friars into the minories. The ſaid com-
kneeling on black cuſhions, readily joined with mittee fold Aldgate for 1771. 1os. Cripplegate
him in the Lord's prayer, which he ſaid he had for 911. and Ludgate for 1481. to be pulled down
always admired. After it was over, he added, and taken away by the purchaſer within a certain
6 O Lord, forgive me all my er time. The ſtatue of queen Elizabeth, which
rors; pardon all my fins.” He then roſe, ſtood on the weſt ſide of Ludgate, was purchaſed
and preſented his watch to Mr. ſheriff Vaillant, | by alderman Goſling, and ſet up againſt the eaſt
thanked him and the reſt of the gentlemen for end of St. Dunſtan's church, in Fleet-ſtreet.
their civilities, and ſignified his deſire to be bu On the twenty-ninth of September came on at
ried at Breden, or Stanton, in Leiceſterſhire. Guildhall the election of Lord-mayor for the year
Then the executioner's man came to tye his lord enſuing, when the majority of hands appeared in
ſhip's hands; and his lordſhip miftaking him for favour of Sir Matthew Blackiſton, knight. alder-
the executioner, gave him his purſe with five man of Biſhopſgate-ward, and Sir Samuel Fludyer,
guineas, which the executioner demanded of his bart. alderman of Cheap-ward, who being re-
man, and he refuſed to deliver it. This incident turned to the court of aldermen, the former was
would have retarded the execution, and greatly declared duly elected. And at the court of com-
diſcompoſed his lordſhip, had not the ſheriff im mon-council held the fourteenth of October, it
mediately interpoſed, and commanded them to was agreed to petition the parliament for leave to
proceed in their buſineſs, and end the diſpute. take down Greſham-college, and to build a ſtreet
They then put on his white cap, took off his through the ſame into Broad-ſtreet, to be called
neckcloth, and put on the halter, which was a Greſham-ſtreet.
common one. He then ſtepped upon the little On the eighteenth of October the Lord-mayor,
ſtage in the middle of the ſcaffold, and it was aldermen and commons of the city of London,
explained to him in what manner it would fink. in common-council aſſembled, waited on his ma-
His cap being pulled over his eyes, Mr. ſheriff | jeſty with an addreſs of congratulation on the
Vaillant gave the ſignal for removing the board conqueſt of Canada ; and being introduced to
by ſtamping with his foot.
his majeſty by Mr. Secretary Pitt. the recorder,
His lordſhip was turned off about two minutes in their name ſpoke as follows:
before twelve, and ſeemed to die very eaſy ; but
his hands very ſoon turned remarkably black. « Moſt gracious Sovereign,
After he was turned off the hearfe and mourning
coach drew up to the ſcaffold, and a ſhell, co « Permit us, your ever dutiful and loyal ſub-
vered with black, was taken out of the hearſe : jects the Lord-mayor, aldermen and commons
his lordſhip’s body, after hanging one hour and “ of the city of London, in common-council af-
five minutes, was cut down ; and the ſhell, being « ſembled, humbly to congratulate your majeſty
raiſed up on end, the body was dropped into it, upon the late ſignal ſucceſſes with which it hath
and carried in a hearſe, attended by the two ſhe “ pleafed the divine providence to bleſs your
riffs, to Surgeons-hall.
« majeſty's arms by ſea and land.
From the time of his aſcending the ſcaffold to “ The conqueſt of Canada, fo heroically begun
his execution was not more than eight minutes, at Quebec, fo nobly ſeconded by the defeat and
during which his countenance never changed, nor diſperſion of the enemy's fleet upon the coaſt
did his tongue faulter.
of Britany, and ſo happily compleated without
His lordſhip wore his own light brown curled s6 the effuſion of human blood at Montreal; at
hair, light coloured cloaths, black ſilk breeches, «s the ſame time that it reflects the higheſt honour
white ſilk ſtockings, and ſtone ſhoe and knee upon the wiſdom and vigour of your majeſty's
buckles. The gallows was covered with black
councils, upon che conduct, fortitude, and ac-
bays, as was alſo the ſcaffold, which was erected
tivity of your commanders, and upon the bra-
under it and railed round.
very and diſcipline of your feets and armies,
A great number of perſons were admitted to " is an event of the utmoſt importance to the
ſee the diſſected body at Surgeons-hall, for three “s trade and manufactures of theſe kingdoms, as
days. On the coffin was the following inſcrip - it is the only effectual means of ſecuring your
tion : « Laurence earl Ferrers ſuffered May the majeſty's induſtrious ſubjects in North America,
“ 5th, 1760." His lordſhip’s remains were af " againſt the continual encroachments and unpa-
rallelled
36
CG

372
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66 war.
CC
66
૮૮
66
“ rallelled barbarities of a reſtleſs and inſidious ftate, nobility, and privy-counſellors were preſent,
enemy, ever more dangerous in peace than with the officers of arms, all being on foot: after
which the officers of arms being mounted on
Deeply ſenſible of your majeſty's paternal horſeback, the like was done at Charing-croſs ;
“ goodneſs, in thus graciouſly protecting the moſt whithin Temple-bar ; at the end of Wood-ſtreet
« diftant of your faithful ſubjects, your majeſty's in Cheapfide; and laſtly, at the Royal-exchange,
grateful citizens of London, will ever chear with the uſual ſolemnities. The archbiſhop of
fully exert thoſe means, for which (under the Canterbury, the duke of Leeds and lord Fal-
“ divine favour) they eſteem themſelves indebt mouth attended the proceſſion. The guns were
" ed to preſerve this valuable acquiſition, and fired at the park and Tower on this occa-
«s effectually to proſecute the various and exten fion; and the evening concluded with ringing of
« five ſervices of this juſt and neceffary war, and bells, &c.
to di&tate to the aggreſſors the terms of a fafe On the twenty-eighth the right honourable the
cs and honourable peace.
Lord-mayor and aldermen of the city of London
" To this deſirable end, may the God of ar waited on his majeſty at Saville-houſe, and being
“ mies crown the juſtice of your majeſty's cauſe introduced to his majeſty by his grace the duke
“ with repeated and deciſive victories; and of Devonſhire, lord-chamberlain of the houſhold,
“ when your majeſty ſhall have long enjoyed the Sir William Moreton, the recorder, made their
glorious fruits of all your care and labours, | compliments of congratulation and condolence in
may the empire of Great Britain continue in the following addreſs :
your majeſty's illuſtrious race, in full ſplendor
" and ſecurity, till time ſhall be no more.
Moſt gracious Sovereign,
To which addreſs bis majeſty was pleaſed to " Your majeſty's truly dutiful and loyal ſub-
return the following moſt gracious anſwer:
jects, the Lord-mayor and aldermen of the city
“ of London, beg leave to approach your royal
" I have the higheſt ſatisfaction in this freſh perſon and congratulate your majefty upon
" and ſignal proof of your affection to me, and your happy acceſſion to the imperial crown of
to my government, for which I return you my " theſe realms; and, at the ſame time, to con-
hearty thanks. The fame union amongſt my “ dole the loſs of our late moſt gracious fove-
“ people, and the ſame ability and valour in my reign, whoſe glorious reign and princely vir-
" fleets and armies, will, I truſt, under the bleſ tues muſt ever make his memory dear to a
“ ſing of God, enable me, in the end, to termi grateful people.
nate this neceffary and expenſive war, by an . It is our peculiar happineſs, that your ma-
so honourable, advantageous, and laſting peace. " jeſty's heart is truly Engliſh, and that you have
“ The city of London may depend on my con “ diſcovered in your earlieſt years, the warmeſt
“ ftant care for their proſperity, and for the ex « attention to the laws and conftitution of theſe
" tenſion of the trade, manufactures, and navi kingdoms; laws fo excellently formed, that as
“ gation of my faithful ſubjects.”
they give liberty to the people, they give power
to the prince; and are a mutual ſupport of the
On the twenty-fifth of October, between the prerogatives of the crown, and the rights of
hours of ſeven and eight in the morning, his moſt
" the ſubject.
gracious majeſty king George the ſecond was “ Your majeſty is now in poſſeſſion of the
ſeized, at his palace at Kenſington, with a violent - united hearts of all your people, at a time when
diſorder, and fell down ſpeechleſs; ſoon after 56 the honour and credit of the nation are (by the
which he expired, notwithſtanding all poſſible “ courage and activity of your majeſty's fleets
means were uſed for his recovery. He that morn “s and armies) in the higheſt extent ; a time
ing roſe at his uſual hour without any apparent " when we have happily no diviſions at home to
ſigns of indiſpoſition : he called his page, drank “ obſtruct thoſe meaſures, which have carried
his chocolate, and enquired about the wind, as “ terror to our enemies abroad.
if anxious for the arrival of the mails. He " As your majeſty's reign is ſo happily begun
opened his window, and looked out of it ; “ with the univerſal approbation and joy of the
ſeeing it a fine day, ſaid he would walk in the « whole nation, permit us, great Sir, to expreſs
gardens. This paſſed while the page attended “ the high ſenſe we have of your majeſty's vir-
him at breakfaſt; but on leaving the room he tues, by the ſtrongeſt aſſurances of our unal-
heard a deep ſigh, which was immediately fol “ terable zeal for your majeſty's ſacred perſon and
lowed by a noiſe like the falling of a billet of “ government; being convinced, that your ma.
wood from the fire; and returning haftily, found “ jeſty has the true intereſt of this nation entirely
the king dropped down from his ſeat, as if in at “ at heart, and that your power will be ever ex-
cempting to ring the bell, who ſaid faintly,
" erted in protecting the trade, rights, and liber-
" Amelia, and then expired. Thus died one of s ties of your ſubjects. May your majeſty reign
the moſt magnanimous monarchs that ever adorn long in the hearts of your people ; and may
ed the Britiſh throne, in the ſeventy-ſeventh year " the crown of theſe kingdoms ever deſcend to
of his age, and 34th of his reign.
one of your majeſty's illuſtrious family to lateſt
The next day his majeſty's grandfon, George pofterity.”
prince of Wales, was proclaimed by the title of
king George III. The proclamation was firſt To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to
made before Saville-houſe, where the officers of return this moſt gracious anſwer :
« I have
and
C Call
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
373
« I have great fatisfaction in the early marks
The Britiſh Empire
you have given me of your zeal and affection
in Aſia, Africa, and America,
“ for me and for my government. And I return
And reſtored the ancient reputation
you my hearty thanks. You may rely on my
and influence of his country
“ tender concern for the rights, crade, and ma-
amongſt the nations of Europe,
“ nufactures of the city of London.”
The Citizens of London have unanimouſly voted
And on the thirtieth the court of common-
this Bridge to be inſcribed with the name of
WILLIAM PITT.
council waited on his majeſty with their addreſs
on the ſame occaſion.
The right of the city to take toll for proviſions
The next day, about noon, the firſt ſtone of
the new bridge at Black-friars was laid in the
expoſed to ſale before houſes in the markets, was
north abutment, by the right honourable the
tried in the court of King's-bench, Guild-hall,
by a jury of non-freemen, between the citizens
Lord-mayor (attended by ſeveral aldermen and
of the city of London, plaintiffs, and Edward
commoners of the committee) by the ſtriking the
Smith and Ralph Twyford, ſaleſmen in Newgate-
ſame with a mallet, the officers laying thereon, at
market, defendants: and between the ſaid plain-
the ſame time, the city ſword and mace. Several
ciffs and John Cope, a faléfman, defendant, for
pieces of gold, ſilver, and copper coins of his
the ſale of proviſions expoſed to ſale in White-
late majeſty were placed under the ſtone, together
hart-ſtreet, an avenue or paſſage leading to New-
with the following lacin inſcription in large plates
gate-market. In each of theſe cauſes the jury
of pure tin.
gave a verdict for the city: by which the citizens
Ultimo die Octobris, anno ab incarnatione have eſtabliſhed their right to the colls, for all
MDCCLX.
the avenues leading to, and to the tolls in the
auſpicatiſſimo principe GEORGIO Tertio markets.
regnum jam ineunte,
At a court of common-council held the eigh-
Pontis hujus, in reipublicæ commodum teenth of February 1761, a motion was made
urbiſq; majeftatem,
and agreed to, that the freedom of this city be
(Laté tum flagrante bello)
preſented to Sir John Phillips, bart. and George
à S. P. Q. L. ſuſcepti,
Cooke, eſq; one of the knights for the ſhire of
Primum Lapidem pofuit
Middeſex, in teſtimony of the grateful ſenſe which
THOMAS Chitty, Miles,
the citizens of London entertain of the many
Prætor,
benefits received from their readineſs and aſſiduity,
ROBERTO MYLNE, Architecto.
to affift and ſupport ſuch of their reſolutions, as
Utque apud pofteros extet monumentum required the aid and authority of parliament.
voluntaris fuæ erga virum
The court, however, looking on this with ſome
qui vigore ingenii, animi conftantiâ, ſurprize, unanimouſly agreed, that, for the fu-
probitatis & virtutis fuæ félici quadam contagione, ture, no perſon ſhall have the freedom preſented
(favente Deo
to him, unleſs the motion for the ſame ſhall be
fauſtiſq; Georgii Secundi auſpiciis) mentioned at one court, previous to the putting
Imperium Britannicum
the queſtion for granting the ſame.
in Afâ, Africâ, & America.
In the afternoon of the twenty-ſixth a fire
reſtituit, auxit, & ftabilavit,
broke out at the mill belonging to his majeſty, at
Necnon patriæ antiquum honorem & auctoritatem the Red-houſe, Deptford, which conſumed the
inter Europæ gentes inftauravit,
fame, together with a large quantity of flour.
Cives Londinenſes, uno conſenſu,
The damage was computed at about 2000l. It
Huic Ponti infcribi voluerunt nomen was occaſioned by the violence of the wind, which
GULIELMI PITT.
drove the mill with ſuch velocity that it could not
be ſtopped.
Tranſlated.
On the ſecond of March the flow of the tide
On the laſt day of October, in the year 1760, was ſo ſmall, that the ſterlings of London-bridge
and in the beginning of the moſt auſpicious reign were not covered at high water. A circumſtance
of GEORGE the Third,
never known before.
Sir THOMAS CHITTY, Knight, Lord-Mayor, On the twenty-ſixth came on at Guildhall the
laid the Firſt Stone of this Bridge, election for members to repreſent this city in the
Undertaken by the Common-Council of London, | enſuing parliament, when, after holding up of
(in the height of an extenſive War) hands,
the ſheriffs declared the election was fallen
for the public accommodation,
on Sir Robert Ladbroke, Sir Richard Glynn,
and ornament of the city,
William Beckford, eſq; and the honourable Tho-
ROBERT Mylne being the Architect. mas Harley, eſq; But a poll being demanded on
And that there may remain to poſterity the behalf of Sir Samuel Fludyer, the ſame was
a monument of this city's affection to the man immediately begun and continued till che ſecond
who, by the ſtrength of his genius, of April, when, on caſting up the books, the
the ſteadineſs of his mind,
numbers appeared
and a kind of happy contagion of his probity and For Sir Robert Ladbroke, knt. 4306
ſpirit,
Sir Richard Glynn, bart,
3285
(under the divine favour
William Beckford, eſq;
and fortunate auſpices of George che ſecond)
Hon. Thomas Harley, eſq; 3983
recovered, augmented, and ſecured,
Sir Samuel Fludyer, bart. 3193
And
32
3663
5 B

374
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
66
66
And on the fourth the four firſt were returned " flouriſh in all proſperity and dignity in a
duly elected.
dignity that becomes the metropolis of a great
About ten o'clock at night, on the twenty s kingdom, and of which the city of London is
fourth, a fire broke out in a ſtable-yard behind fo conſiderable and reſpectable a part.”
Swallow-ftreet, Golden-ſquare, and deſtroyed four-
teen houſes, two of which were new and of great And at another court of common-council held
value. The fire was ſo fierce, that a box of the 5th of June, it was unanimouſly agreed,
writings, which was in an iron cheſt, though in " That the freedom of the cicy be humbly pre-
cloſed in fand near a foot thick, was entirely 6 ſented to his royal highneſs Edward Auguftus,
conſumed, and a quantity of caſh in the ſame “ duke of York and Albany, one of the rear-
box was melted. And
" admirals of the blue ſquadron of his majeſty's
On the ſecond of May another fire broke out “ feet, in a gold box of 150 guineas value, in
at a biſcuit maker's, near Pelican-ſtairs, in Lower teſtimony of the dutiful affection of this court
Shadwell
, and burnt almoſt to Wapping-wall; 66 for their illuſtrious fovereign, whoſe peculiar
by which thirty-four houſes were deſtroyed. Eight glory it is to reign 'over a free, happy, and
barges and lighters were burnt, and three were « united people, and as a pledge of the grateful
funk. The whole damage was computed at fifty “ reſpect they bear his royal highneſs for his early
thouſand pounds.
entrance into the naval ſervice of his king and
At a court of common-council held the fifth
country, the nobleſt and moſt effectual bul-
of May, it was unanimouſly reſolved, “ That "c. wark of the wealth, reputation and indepen-
“ the freedom of this city, in a gold box, value “ dence of this commercial nation.”
“ 1ool. fhould be preſented to the right honour-
« able Arthur Onſlow, eſq; ſpeaker of the houſe On the ſeventeenth the Lord-mayor, aldermen
“ of commons in five ſucceſſive parliaments, as and common-council waited on his majeſty at St.
" a grateful and laſting teſtimony of the reſpec- James's with the following congratulatory addreſs
co tive love and veneracion which the citizens of on the conqueſt of Belline:
66 London entertain for his perſon and diſtinguiſh-
66 ed virtue ; for the many eminent qualifications " Moft gracious ſovereign,
“ he diſplayed, the unwearied and diſintereſted
«s labours he beſtowed, and the impartial and S6 With reverential awe and gratitude to the
judicious conduct he maintained, in the execu ſupreme giver of all victory, we, your ma-
- tion of that arduous and important office, dur jeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal ſubjects, the
ing a courſe of thirty-three years : and for that " Lord-mayor, aldermen, and commons, of your
« exemplary zeal, which, upon all occaſions, he “ city of London, in common-council aſſembled,
« exerted with ſo much dignity and ſucceſs, in “ humbly approach your royal preſence, to ex-
« ſupport of the rights, privileges, and conftitu prefs our joy and exultation on the entire re-
66 tional independencies of the commons of Great - duction of the important iſland of Belliſe, by
6 Britain.”
" the conduct, intrepidity, and perſeverance of
The following is the anſwer which the right your majeſty's land and naval forces : a con-
honourable Arthur Onſlow gave in writing, when queſt, which after more than one fruitleſs at-
attended upon by the chamberlain with the free-
tempt in former times, ſeems to have been re-
dom of this city.
• ſerved by divine providence to grace the auſpi-
" cious beginnings of your majeſty's reign, and
“ Mr. Chamberlain,
“ confirms our hopes of a long continuance of
wiſe, ſteady, and ſucceſsful meaſures.
56 I receive, with the trueſt fenfe of gratitude, A blow ſo humiliating to the pride and power
e this great mark of reſpect the city of London " of France, cannot but impreſs that haughty
« is pleafed to fhew towards me in their gift of 66 nation with a due ſenſe of the ſuperiority of a
" the freedom, and which I can only impute to patriot king ruling over a free, brave, and
st the high regard the citizens of London bear to “ united people, and will, we truſt, convince
" the houfe of commons, and as a teſtimony for 56 them of the danger of delaying to accept fuch
« their eſteem for thofe who faithfully perform terms of peace as your majeſty's equity, wil-
" their duty to the public there.
“ dom, and moderation, ſhall think fic to pres
“ The expreſfions of good will and kindneſs « fcribe.
to me, which are uſed in confering this honour “ What therefore have we more to wiſh, but
« upon me, however little deſerving I may think “ that your majeſty may long, very long, con-
myſelf of them, do indeed affect me extremely, “ tinue the guardian and protector of the religi-
" as an argument of the favourable opinion the ous, civil, and commercial rights of Great-
city of London entertains of my fincere and “ Britain, and her colonies ; and that your ma-
s dutiful endeavours to ſupport, upon all proper jeſty's wiſdom may ever be ſeconded by
" occaſions, the rights, privileges and conſtitu equally faithful and ſpirited councils; and
" tional independence of the commons of Great your commands executed with no leſs ardour,
66 Britain.
66 emulation and ſucceſs.
“ I beg my Lord-mayor, aldermen, and the “ On our part, permit us humbly to aſſure
" whole of the common-council, will accept my your majeſty, that your faithful citizens of
reſpectful and humbleft thanks upon this occa - London will, with unwearied zeal and chearful.
" fion, and be aſſured of my conſtant and warmeſt “ neſs, contribute to ſupport a vigorous proſecu.
“ wiſhes that this great metropolis may ever « tion of this juſt and neceſſary war; until your
majeſty,
66
||
e
66
66
66

Engraved for Chamberlainis History of London).
Gehead
VASSO
.
WWW
Wale delen
C.Grigner fooly
Thu Cremony of Laying the first Stone of Black Friars Bridge
by the LORD MAYOR & ALDERMEN of the City of LONDON.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
375
06
e majeſty, having ſufficiently vindicated the ho toll-houſe or toll-houſes, in or upon, or adjoining
nour of your crown, and ſecured the trade, to, the ſame: and the following tolls ſhall be
navigation, and poffeffions of your ſubjects, demanded and taken; that is to ſay,
66 ſhall enjoy the bleſſing and glory of giving For every horſe, mare, gelding, mule, or aſs,
« repofe to Europe, of wholly attending to, and drawing or not drawing, one penny.
“ promoting the virtue and happineſs of
your
For every drove of oxen, or neat cattle, five-
4 people, and of cultivating all the ſofter arts of pence per ſcore; and fo in proportion for any
peace.”
greater or leſſer number.
For every drove of calves, hogs, ſheep, or
To which his majeſty was pleaſed to return the lambs, two-pence half-penny per fcore ; and ſo
following moſt gracious anſwer :
in proportion for any greater or leffer number.
With a penalty of twenty-fhillings to ſuffer any
" I return you my hearty thanks for this freſh | perſon to paſs with a horſe, carriage, &c. through
<mark of your affection to my perſon, and of a private way.
your conſtant zeal for the luſtre of my arms, That none of the ſaid tolls ſhall be taken at
« and for the glory of my reign. Your repeated any of the gates or turnpikes for any horſe, &c.
« aſſurances of chearful and ſteady ſupport in the drawing any waggon or other carriage, which
proſecution of this neceſſary war, are moſt ſhall be uſed and employed in the carriage of any
highly pleaſing to me, and cannot fail to pro materials for repairing the ſaid road, or in the
mote the deſirable object of peace, on juſt, || carriage of any lime, chalk, dung, mould, ſoil,
“ honourable, and advantageous conditions. The or compoſt, of any nature or kind whatſoever,
city of London may always depend on my for manuring of any garden or other land or
“ unwearied endeavours for the ſecurity and ground; or in the carriage of any hay, ſtraw,
« extenſion of their trade, navigation and com or corn in the ſtraw, not ſold or diſpoſed of, but
66 merce."
to be laid up in barns, &c. of the owners thereof;
or for any implements of, or employed in, huf-
On the twenty-third Sir Robert Ladbroke, bandry, or for manuring of land in the ſeveral
with many other gentlemen of the committee for' || pariſhes in which the ſaid road, hereby intended
building Black-friars-bridge, went on board the to be made and repaired, does lie; or for any
caiffoon, and laid the firſt ſtone of the firſt pier. horſe, or other cattle, going to, or returning
And
from, paſture or water ; or for any poſt-horſe, or
On the twenty-ninth was opened the road from vehicle carrying the mail or public packet; or
Illington to the Dog-houſe-bar, in Old-ſtreet, by for horſes, carts, or waggons, travelling with va-
the name of the Cicy-road, which is undoubtedly grants ſent by paſſes. Nor of any perſon going
the fineſt about London. It was made in con- | to, or returning from, any election of a knight
ſequence of an act of parliament paſſed in the or knights of the fhire to ſerve in parliament for
firſt year of his preſent majeſty king George III. the county of Middleſex, on the day or days of
in which it was enacted, “ that a new road ſhould fuch election
be opened from the north eaſt ſide of Goſwell Provided always, that no perſon ſhall be liable
ſtreet-road, next Iington, and near to the road to pay toll more than once the ſame day, to be
called the New.road, over and along part of || computed from twelve o'clock at night, to twelve
a meadow-ground late belonging to Mrs. Mary o'clock in the fucceeding night, with the fame
Walker, croſs the New-river, and then over and horſe or other cattle, and ſhall produce a note or
along the other part of the ſaid meadow, and over ticket that the toll was paid at any of the faid
and along divers other meadows, &c. to Old gates or turnpikes.
ſtreet road, oppoſite to the Doghouſe-bar; and But whereas ſeveral waggons, carts, drays, or
alſo that the cruſtees for putting the ſaid act in other carriages, may probably paſs the ſaid road
execution ſhould be impowered to open, repair, many times in the ſame day, and it is but reaſona
widen, and keep in repair, the preſent road, at able that the horſes, or other cattle, drawing
and from the Doghouſe-bar, over and along cer ſuch carriages, laden, and ſo paſſing as aforeſaid,
tain grounds belonging to the reverend doctor ſhould pay more than once in the ſame day; it
Chriſtopher Wilſon, one of the prebendaries of was farther enacted and provided, that all horſes
the cathedral church of St. Paul, London, lord or other cattle, drawing ſuch waggons, carts,
of the manor of Finſbury, in right of his prebend, drays, or other carriages, that ſhall paſs through
and to the mayor, aldermen, and commons, of the any gate or turnpike to be erected by virtue of this
city of London, as lefſees thereof; and to Bibye | act, laden as aforeſaid, more than twice in the
Lake, eſq; under a leaſe from the ſaid city; and ſame day, ſhall, at the third time, pay the ſeveral
to John Witton, tenant of the ſaid Bibye Lake; and reſpective tolls directed to be paid at the
and from thence to the end of Chiſwell-ftreet, by firſt time for paſſing through any of the ſaid
the Artillery-ground.”
gates or turnpikes."
And it was further enacted, “that the new part It was further enacted, “ that no part of the
of the ſaid road ſhall be forty-feet wide at the lands to be purchaſed by the authority of this
leaſt: and that part of the road leading at and act, and made uſe of for making or widening any
from the Doghouſe-bar, to the end of Chiſwell. part of the ſaid road, ſhall be made uſe of for
ſtreet by the Artillery-ground, ſhall not exceed the erecting of any buildings whatſoever, other
50 feet in width. That the ſaid truſtees ſhall and than of ſuch toll-houſes and watch-houſes as may
may erect gates or turnpikes acroſs or on the ſides be erected by order of the ſaid truſtees; and chac
of any part or parts of the ſaid road, and alſo a
no building ſhall be erected on any new founda-
tion,

376
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
tion, by any proprietors or occupiers of lands, ſtreet road, from the firſt day of January to the
adjacent to the new intended part of the ſaid thirty-firſt day of December 1760, both in-
road, betwixt the Fountain at Peerleſs Pool, cluſive.
and that end of Goſwell-ftreet road, near Iing And further, that no gate or turnpike ſhall be
ton, within forry feet of the fame ; and that no erected, or any toll taken or received, where the
part of the ſaid road ſhall be payed.
ſaid new road opens into that part of Goſwell-ſtreet
And if any ſuch buildings, within forty feet road, next INington, or within fixty yards thereof,
as aforeſaid, ſhall be hereafter erected, or any by virtue or in purſuance of any powers granted
part of ſuch road ſhall be paved, contrary to the to the truſtees of the Illington turnpike.
true intent and meaning of this act, the fame ſhall That the ſaid truſtees ſhall have full power to
be deemed a common nuiſance.
caufe lamps to be erected upon the ſaid road, and
And further, that no gate or turnpike ſhall be to appoint a number of fit and able bodied men
erected, or any toll taken or received, on either to watch and guard the ſaid road in the night-
ſide of the Old-ſtreet road, where the ſaid new time. And that the expences of erecting, light-
road opens into the fame, by virtue or in purſuing and maintaining ſuch lamps, and the allow-
ance of any powers granted to the truſtees of the ances to be made to ſuch watchmen, and all other
Old-ftreet road, by any act or acts of parliament charges incident to the ſaid reſpective ſervices,
made for repairing the ſame ; unleſs it ſhall ap ſhall be paid and defrayed out of the money to
pear, by certificate under the hands of ſeven of be raiſed by virtue of this act.”
the faid truſtees, and verified by the oath of their And it was further enacted, “that if any perſon
treaſurer, to be made before one or more juſtice ſhall hale or draw, in, upon, and along, any part
or juſtices of the peace for the county of Mid of the ſaid road, any tree or trees, piece or pie-
dleſex, that the tolls of the ſaid Old-ſtreet truſt, ces of timber, or any ſtone or ſtones, (mill ſtones
collected at the gates as they now ſtand, are di- | excepted) otherwiſe than on wheel carriages, every
miniſhed above 12ol. a year, ſince the making of ſuch perſon for every ſuch offence ſhall forfeit the
the ſaid new road, ſuch diminution to be com ſum of forty ſhillings."
puted from the monies collected on the ſaid Old-
CH A P T E R XLVII.
Marriage and coronation of bis preſent majeſty king George III. City inftru&tions to their mem-
bers. Their majeſties dine at Guildhall. Declaration of war againſt Spain. Cock-lane
ghof. City addreſs on the conqueſt of Martinico. Birth of bis royal bigbneſs the prince of
Wales. Remarkable form of thunder and lightning. Negociations of peace. Fire in New-
gate. Conqueſt of the Havanna. Great flood. Articles of peace hgned. Ceſſation of arms
proclaimed. High tide. Riot in Covent-garden playhouſe. Peace proclaimed. City addreſs
on the occaſion. Fire at Shadwell
. Remarkable great darkneſs. Violent ſtorm of wind and
rain. Burning of the North-briton, No. 45. Conſequences thereon.
A
CG
Treaty of marriage having been con-
cluded between his majeſty king George
III. and her moſt ſerene highneſs the
princeſs Charlotta of Mecklenbourg, the ſame
was completed on the eighteenth of September,
1761. At nine in the evening, her highneſs,
preceded by. 120 ladies in extreme rich dreſſes,
was handed to the chapel royal by the duke of
York, attended by fix dukes daughters as her
bride maids, and her train ſupported by the
daughters of fix earls, where the nuptials were
ſolemnized by his grace the archbiſhop of Can-
terbury, in the preſence of the royal family and
the principal part of the nobility.
And on the fourteenth the Lord-mayor, alder-
men and common-council waited on their majef-
ties with the following congratulatory addreſſes on
the above joyous occaſion.
• Be pleafed, moſt gracious fovereign, to ac-
cept the cordial and reſpectful congratulations
“ of your majeſty's ever dutiful and loyal ſub-
66 jects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
mons of the city of London, in common-
“ council aſſembled, on the folemnization of your
majeſty's moſt auſpicious nuptials.
Warmly intereſted from every motive of
“ gratitude as well as duty in whatever can affect
your royal mind, we enjoy the higheſt ſatisfac-
« tion in the completion of our wiſhes, by your
majeſties happy union with a princeſs of the
“ moſt exalted merit ; a princeſs, who, by her
« deſcent from an illuſtrious lineage (repectable
“ for their firm and conſtant zeal for the proteſ-
tant religion, and dear to us for their particu-
" lar attachment to your majeſty's royal houſe)
“ and above all, by her own moſt eminent vir-
“ tues, and amiable endowments, was moſt wor-
“ thy to engage your majeſty's eſteem and af.
“ fection, and to ſhare the honours of the Britiſh
66
To the king's moſt excellent majeſty.
crown.
The humble addreſs of the Lord-mayor, alder-
men and commons of the city of London, in
common-council aſſembled.
" We adore the divine goodneſs, that, as in
s all your majeſty's other conduct, fo more parel
ticularly

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
377
65
97
c me.
66
ticularly in a choice of the higheſt importance Her majeſty's moſt gracious anſwer.
ss to your majeſty and to your kingdoms, hath
“ fo viſibly guided and inſpired your royal breaſt.
“ I thank you for
your kind congratulations
" A choice, which we thankfully acknowledge ! ſo full of duty to the king, and affection to
" the ſtrongeſt and moſt acceptable proof of " me. My warmeſt wiſhes will ever attend this
your majeſty's paternal attention to improve
great city.”
" the happineſs and ſecurity of your people, and
66 to render che lame ſtable and permanent to
Addrefſes on the fame occaſion were preſented
pofterity.
by the univerſities of Oxford and Cambridge.
May the ſame providence long preſerve your On the twenty-ſecond his majeſty's coronation
majeſty, and your royal confort, to enjoy the was performed in the abbey-church at Weftmin-
« fruits of this bleſſed marriage, in an uninter ſter, with the uſual ſolemnities. Their majeſties
rupted courſe of conjugal felicity, and in a and the princeſs dowager went in the morning
numerous offspring, reſembling their illuſtrious through the park from St. James's in chairs, and
parents in every public, as well as private their attendants in coaches, to Weſtminſter hall,
“ virtue. And may the imperial crown of theſe from thence they walked about twelve o'clock in
es realms be worn with undiminiſhed luftre by grand proceſſion to the abbey. After the cere-
66 their deſcendants, till time ſhall be no more." mony, which laſted ſix hours, they returned to
the hall, where they dined moſt magnificently,
The following is his majeſty's moſt gracious an in the preſence of numberleſs ſpectators richly
fwer:
dreſſed. All the way of the proceſſion was lined
with crowded ſcaffolds, and the abbey alſo was
I thank you moſt heartily for your dutiful and as full and ſplendid as poſſible. On the queen's
« affectionate addreſs. This freſh mark of your
entrance into the hall, three thouſand wax tapers
w attachment to my perſon, and particularly the were all lighted in leſs than five minutes. The
“ warm ſentiments of joy and ſatisfaction which || royal ſtandard was hoiſted at the Tower, the
you expreſs on the happy choice I have made ſhips in the river diſplayed their flags, the ſtreets
“ of a queen for a confort, are moſt pleaſing to were univerſally illuminated, and there was an
The city of London may always depend
entire ſtagnation of all ſorts of buſineſs.
on my unceaſing care for their welfare and A little before the proceſſion began, proceeded
prosperity."
that of her royal highneſs the princeſs dowager
of Wales, from the houſe of lords, acroſs Õld
The humble addreſs of the Lord-mayor, al-
Palace yard, on a platform erected for that pur-
dermen, &c. to her majeſty.
poſe, to the ſouth-croſs of Weſtminſter-abbey.
She was led by the hand by his royal highneſs
“ Moſt gracious queen,
prince William Henry, dreſſed in white and fil-
ver. Her train, which was of filk, was but ſhort,
“ We, his majeſty's ever dutiful and loyal ſub and her hair flowed down her ſhoulders in hang-
jects, the Lord-mayor, aldermèn, and com-
ing curls.
mons, of the city of London, in common The reſt of the princes and princeſſes, her
“ council aſſembled, humbly beg leave to ex highneſſes's children, followed in this order:
preſs, in your royal preſence, the exceeding His royal highneſs prince Henry-Frederick,
great joy we feel at your majeſty's fafe arrival, alſo in white and filver, handing his ſiſter the
" fo ardently wiſhed for, and ſo impatiently ex princeſs Louiſa-Anne, dreſſed in a flip with hang-
pected ; and at the ſame time to congratulate ing ſleeves. Then
your majeſty's moſt happy nuptials with a mo His royal highneſs prince Frederick-William,
“narch, whoſe early wiſdom, fortitude, and in the ſame dreſs, handing his youngeſt Gifter the
piety, add luſtre to the diadem he wears, and princeſs Caroline-Matilda, dreſſed alſo in a flip
“ render him the darling, as well as father, of his with hanging fleeves.
people.
The other perſons who made up the remainder
“ We do, with that honeſt warmth and ſince of this proceſſion were thoſe who had not a right
srity which characterize the Britiſh nation, hum to walk with their majefties.
bly aſſure your majeſty, that as the many vir The proceſſion was cloſed by the three Maho-
« tues and amiable endowments, which your ma metan ambaſſadors, in the proper dreſſes of their
jeſty poſſeſſes in ſo eminent a degree, cannot country, having their turbans of fine mullin on
6 fail to bleſs our beloved ſovereign with every their heads, and long gowns of flowered and
“ domeſtic happineſs; ſo will chey ever endear laced ſilk; their ſabres were crimſon, and in each
your majeſty to a people, not more diſtinguiſh- || of them were encloſed a dagger and a poniard.
" ed for their love of liberty, and their country, The great diamond in his majeſty's crown fell
ss than for their inviolable loyalty and gratitude out in returning from the abbey to Weſtminſter-
" to thoſe princes, from whom they derive pro hall, but was immediately found and reſtored.
56 tection and proſperity.
On the twenty-eighth alderman Naſh and alder-
“ Long may your majeſty live to ſhare the fe man Cartwright were ſworn in at Guildhall fhe-
“ licity you are formed to inſpire. And may your
riffs of London and Middleſex. And the next
“ majeſty prove the happy mother of a race of day Sir Samuel Fludyer, bart. was choſe Lord-
princes, to tranſmit the glories of this diſtin mayor of London for the year enſuing.
guiſhed reign to the lateſt of our pofterity.” The nation being greatly diſcontented at the
32
meaſures
65
66
66
5 C

378
HISTORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
nient.
meaſures of the court, and more particularly ac “ tereſt of his kingdoms, and place him above
the reſignation of the right honourable Mr. Pitt, " the menaces of any power that may pretend to
whoſe conduct in adminiſtration they highly ef give laws, or preſcribe limits, to the policy and
teemed, the court of common-council, on the " intereſts of this nation. But, as it is apparent
twenty-ſecond of October, made a motion to in " that our enemies flatter themſelves with the
ſtruct their members, or to repreſent to them the “ hopes of exhauſting our ſtrength by the im-
then critical conjuncture ; which motion being s menfe expence in which we are at preſent en-
unanimouſly agreed to, the fame was preſented gaged, we therefore require you, in the fur-
as follows:
as ther proſecution of this war, to ſupport ſuch
" meaſures as may fruſtrate thoſe expectations :
The repreſentation of the Lord-mayor, alder yet to act with the utmoſt vigour in the re-
men and commons of the city of London, in o duction of their remaining colonies, ſo as to
common-council aſſembled, to Sir Robert Lad 66 obtain a ſafe and honourable peace."
broke knt. Sir Richard Glynn, knt. and bart.
William Beckford, eſq; and the hon. Thomas At the ſame time another motion was made,
Harley, efq; this city's repreſentatives in parlia that the thanks of the court be given to the
right hon. Mr. Pitt, for the many and important
ſervices rendered to his king and country. And
We, the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com a third, that the committee in their thanks to
mons of the city of London, in common-coun Mr. Pitt, do lament his reſignation, &c. Theſe
s cil aſſembled, think it at this time our duty, as motions being unanimouſly agreed to, the town-
« it is our natural and undoubted right, to lay clerk preſented their reſolutions to Mr. Pitt, who
“ before you, this city's repreſentatives in the was pleaſed to return the following anſwer :
" the great council of the nation, ſoon to be af-
“ ſembled in parliament, what we deſire and ex “ Mr. Pite requeſts of Sir James Hodges, that
pect from you, in diſcharge of the great truſt 66 he will be ſo good to repreſent him, in the
“ and confidence we and our fellow-ſubjects have " moſt reſpectful manner, to the Lord-mayor,
repoſed in you.
16 aldermen, and commons of the city of London,
". That you take the earlieſt opportunity to - in common-council afſembled, and expreſs his
es uſe your utmoſt endeavours to obtain the repeal high ſenſe of the ſignal honour they have been
or amendment of the late act, inrituled, An pleaſed to confer on him, by their condeſ-
" act for the relief of inſolvent debtors ; in ref ss cending and favourable reſolution of the twen-
pect to the inconveniences ariſing from the " ty-ſecond of October ; an honour which he
compulſive clauſe, by which a door has been « receives with true reverence and gratitude, not
opened to the greateſt frauds and perjuries ; without confuſion at his own ſmall deſervings,
" and, if continued, muſt become the deſtruc cs while he views with exultation the univerſal
65 tion of all private credit, ſo eſſential to the “ public ſpirit diſperſed through an united peo-
ſupport of a trading people.
ple; and the matchleſs intrepidity of the
" That you concur in and promote all necef 66 Britiſh ſailors and ſoldiers, conducted by offi-
fary meaſures for eſtabliſhing good ceconomy “ cers, juftly famed through all the quarters of
" in the diſtribution of the national treaſure; " the world : To this concurrence of national
s and for that purpoſe that you endeavour to have “ virtue, graciouſly protected by the throne, all
a committee appointed, in order to 'enquire " the national proſperities (under the favour of
“ into any abuſes which may have ariſen in the “ heaven) have been owing; and it will ever be
application of it, and to prevent any frauds or “ remembered to the glory of the city of Lon-
“ illicit practices in the management thereof. “ don, that through the whole courſe of this ar-
“ That you entertain juſt ſentiments of the 66 duous war, the great feat of commerce has
“ importance of the conqueſts made this war by “ generouſly ſet the illuſtrious example of ſteady
" the Britiſh arms, at the expence of ſo much u zeal for the dignity of the crown, and of un-
« blood and treaſure ; and that you will, to the “ ſhaken firmneſs and magnanimity."
« utmoſt of your power and abilities, oppoſe all
attempts for giving up ſuch places as may tend Sir Samuel Fludyer, the Lord-mayor elect,
to leſſen our preſent ſecurity, or, by reſtoring having invited their majeſties to dine at Guild-
" the naval power of France, render us ſubject hall on the approaching Lord-mayor's day, they
to freſh hoftilities from that natural enemy; were graciouſly pleaſed to accept of the fame.
particularly that the ſole and excluſive right of And on the ninth of November, being the day
our acquiſitions in North America, and the on which the Lord-mayor entered into his office,
fiſheries, be preſerved to us.
the ceremonial on the occaſion was conducted in
“ As the preſent happy extinction of parties, the following order :
« the harmony and unanimity of all his majeſty's
" ſubjects, their zeal and affection to their na The aldermen, ſheriffs, and other officers, hav-
" tive king, and the great increaſe of commerce ing met at the Manſion-houſe about ten in the
« are moſt convincing proofs to us of this na forenoon, Sir Samuel Fludyer, bart. Lord-mayor
“ tion's ability ſtill to carry on, and vigorouſly | elect, in the uſual manner, and with the uſual at-
“ proſecute, the juſt and neceſſary war—it is our tendants, proceeded to Weſtminſter, where his
“ deſire that you concur in giving his majeſty || lordſhip was ſworn in before the barons of the
“ ſuch ſupplies, as ſhall enable him to purſue all exchequer.
“ thoſe meaſures which may promote the true in While that ceremony was performing, their
majeſties
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
379
majeſties, with the royal family, honoured the which, the ſenior ſcholar delivered two copies of
city with their preſence. The manner in which he ſpeech to the king and queen, who received
this viſit was paid was as follows:
them moſt graciouſly.
His royal highneſs the duke of Cumberland, From thence they went to the houſe of Mr.
in his coach drawn by fix horſes, preceded and Barclay, oppoſite to Bow-church, which, on this
followed by guards.
occaſion, was decorated in a very ſumptuous
Her royal highneſs the princeſs Amelia, in the manner; the rooms, balcony, &c. being hung
ſame manner.
with crimſon damaſk ; and from this houſe they
His royal highneſs the duke of York, in a ſaw the proceſſion of the Lord-mayor, &c.
new and ſuperb ſtate coach, in the ſame manner. A great number of grand equipages, belong-
Their royal highneſſes prince William, prince | ing to the nobility and gentry, the judges, foreign
Henry, and prince Frederick, in one coach, in the ambaſſadors, ladies, &c. mingled in the proceſſion
ſame manner.
of the royal family, by which means it was made
Their royal highneſſes the princeſs dowager of extenſive and brilliant.
Wales, the princeſs Augufta, and the princeſs At the cloſe of the proceſſion, earl Temple and
Caroline, in one coach, preceded by twelve foot the right honourable William Pitt, efq; coming
men in black caps, with guards, and a grand in one chariot, were honoured with the moſt
retinue.
hearty acclamations of people of all ranks.
Their majeſties in their ſtate coach, preceded The ſhow on the water was very brilliant.
by the earl of Harcourt in his chariot, and the The Lord-mayor, aldermen, &c. returned in
dukes of Rutland and Devonſhire in another cha the order they went.
riot, the grenadier-guards and the yeomen of the The ſtate coach was drawn by ſix beautiful iron
guards, followed by a corps of the horſe-guards, grey horſes, richly capariſoned and adorned with
paſſed on to St. Paul's church-yard, at the eaſt ribbons; and all the companies made a grand ap-
end of which the following ſpeech was addreſſed,
pearance.
with all humility, to the king's moſt excellent The armourers and braziers, the ſkinners and
majeſty, by the ſenior ſcholar of the grammar the fifhmongers companies, particularly diſtin-
ſchool in Chriſt's-hoſpital.
guiſhed themſelves on this occaſion. The former
were marked by an archer riding erect in his car,
« Moſt auguſt and gracious fovereign, having his bow in his left hand, and his quiver
and arrows hanging behind his left ſhoulder; and
“ From the condeſcenſion and goodneſs, which a man in complete armour. The ſkinners were
your' majeſty diſplays towards even the meaneſt diſtinguiſhed by ſeven of their company being
“ of your ſubjects, we are emboldened to hope dreſſed in fur, having their ſkins painted in the
you will accept the tribute of obedience and form of Indian princes. The fifhmongers pa-
“ duty which we, poor orphans, are permitted to geants conſiſted of a ſtatue of St. Peter finely gilt,
preſent you.
a dolphin, two mermaids, and two fea-horſes,
• Educated and ſupported by the munificence which had a very pleaſing effect.
" of a charity, founded, enlarged, and protected The proceſſion being ended, the royal family
by your royal predeceſſors, with the warmeſt were conducted by the ſheriffs to Guildhall, at
gratitude we acknowledge our inexpreſſible the entrance of which they were received by the
obligations to its bounty, and the diſtinguiſhed || Lord-mayor, who, kneeling, preſented the city
happineſs we have hitherto enjoyed under the ſword to the king, which being returned, it was
“ conſtant patronage of former princes. May this carried before his majeſty by his lordſhip to the
ever be our boaſt and our glory! Nor can we council-chamber, where the compliments of the
65 think we ſhall prefer our prayer in vain, whilſt city were made, and where his majeſty conferred
s6 with earneſt but humble ſupplications, we im the honour of knighthood on Nathaniel Naſh and
<< plore the patrónage and protection of your ma John Cartwright, eſqrs. the two ſheriffs, and on
Thomas Fludyer, eſq; brother to the Lord-mayor.
rom
66 To our ardent petition for your princely fa From thence, in like manner, the royal family
vours, may we preſume, dread ſovereign, to proceeded to the huſtings, where a moſt magni-
" add our moft reſpectable congratulations on ficent and ſumptuous entertainment was provided.
your auſpicious marriage with your royal con Their majeſties were attended, as they paſſed
“ fort. Strangers to the diſquietude, which often from St. James's to the city, with the loudeſt ac-
66 dwells within the circle of a crown, long may clamations of joy. Scaffoldings were built at
your majeſties experience the heart-felt fatis-
many of the houſes in the city, and the concourſe
« faction of domeſtic life; in the uninterrupted of people who were aſſembled was almoſt incre-
poffeffion of every endearment of the moſt ten dible. Four regiments of the London militia.
“ der union, every bleſſing of conjugal affection, lined the ſtreets from Temple-bar to Ludgate,
every comfort of parental felicity. And may and were of fingular ſervice in preventing the
a race of princes, your illuſtrious iſſue and de greateſt multitude that perhaps was ever beheld
“ ſcendants, formed by the example, and inherit from incommoding the walk of the liverymen in
ing the virtues of their great and good proge the return of the Lord-mayor's proceſſion.
nitors, continue to ſway the Britiſh ſcepter to The entertainment was elegant, ſumptuous,
" the lateſt poſterity."
and well conducted. His majeſty and all the royal
family expreſſed their entire approbation of it;
As ſoon as he had finiſhed, the boys in a grand || and the nobility and foreign miniſters acknow-
chorus chanted God ſave the king, Amen. · After ledged it was beyond any thing they had ever ſeen.
In
jeſty
6

380
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
In the evening, the ball was opened by his At a court of common-council held the 18th
royal highneſs the duke of York and the lady of November, a motion was made and agreed to,
mayoreſs; and minuets were danced by ſome that his majeſty's ſtatue be erected in the Royal
others of the royal family, the nobility, &c. till || Exchange, among thoſe of his predeceſſors; and
one o'clock.
that the pictures of his majeſty, and his royal
Their majeſties returned to St. James's about confort, be put up in the Guildhall of the city.
one o'clock, and the reſt of the royal family fol-
And another motion was made and agreed to,
lowed them as faſt as their coaches could be that fit and able perſons be employed to make the
brought up; the Lord-mayor, with the ſword of ſaid ſtatue, and to draw the ſaid pictures; and
ſtate carried before him, the ſheriffs, and gentle. || chat an humble application be made to their ma-
men of the committee, conducting them to the || jefties that they would be pleaſed to do the city
hall-gate.
the honour to fit for their pictures. And a com-
Mr. Pitt, at his departure, was faluted with mittee being appointed, they, on the twenty-
the acclamations of the people, which continued third, waited on their majefties, ſeparately, for
to ſurround his chariot all the way to his houſe. that purpoſe; and at the ſame time Sir Samuel
The reſt of the company did not ſeparate till af Fludyer, the Lord-mayor, in obedience to his in-
three, and the whole was concluded with the ut ſtructions, took occaſion to expreſs the deep and
moſt regularity and decorum.
grateful ſenſe which the common-council held of
The ſtreets through which their majeſties paſſed their majeſties gracious condeſcenſion, in honour-
in their return to St. James's, were illuminated
ing their late entertainment with their royal pre-
in the moſt brilliant manner, but an accident had ſence. Their majeſties were pleaſed to receive
like to have happened by the breaking of the the committee in a very gracious manner, to ex-
glaſſes of their coach, in paſſing under St. James's preſs their entire ſatisfaction at the late entertain-
gate-way.
ment, and to aſſure the committee that both the
pictures ſhould be ſent to the city ; which was
Bill of fare, as ſerved up at the royal table in Guild- | accordingly ſoon after done, and placed over the
hall, on the Lord-mayor's day, by Mel. Horton huſtings in Guildhall. And the ſtatue of his ma-
and Birch.
jeſty was fixed in a nich by the ſide of his grand-
father in the Royal Exchange, where it now
KING and QUEEN.
ftands.
Each four ſervices and removes.
On the fourth of January 1762, war was de-
Firſt ſervice,
clared againſt Spain in the uſual places, and with
Conſiſting of turrenes, fiſh, veniſon, &c. nine the accuſtomed ceremonies.
diſhes.
On the ſeventh a terrible fire broke out in a
Second ſervice.
granary at St. Saviour's dock, which, in a ſhort
A fine roaſt; ortolans, quails, knotts, ruffs, time, conſumed that, and eight houſes, beſides
pea-chicks, &c. nine diſhes.
greatly damaging ſeveral others. And on the
Third ſervice.
twelfth there was a violent ſtorm of wind, attend-
Conſiſting of vegetables and made diſhes, green
ed with rain, which did very conſiderable damage
peas, green morells, green truffles, Cardoons, &c. to the ſhipping and craft in the river. Some
eleven diſhes.
houſes, and many chimnies were blown down, by
Fourth ſervice.
which ſeveral lives were loft. The river Thames
Curious ornaments in paſtry, jelly, blomonges,
roſe ſo high, that the gardens at Millbank, Weſt-
cakes, &c. nine diſhes.
minſter, were laid under water.
Eight of the Royal FAMILY.
About this time the town was greatly alarmed
Four on the right-hand of the king, and four || by the impofture of the Cock-lane ghoſt, which
on the left.
was managed by a girl about twelve years old
Each four ſervices before them, as follows. (under the direction of her parents) fo artfully,
First ſervice.
that it drew in ſeveral clergymen and other peo-
Conſiſting of veniſon, turtles, ſoops, fiſh of ple of ſenſe and reputation, to believe, and to
every fort, viz. dorys, mullets, turbots, bets, countenance the deception. The particulars of
tench, ſoals, &c. feven diſhes.
this myſterious affair were as follow.
Second ſervice.
On the thirteenth of February, between the
Ortolans, teals, quails, ruffs, ſnipes, partridges, || hours of eleven and twelve at night, a gentleman
pheaſants, &c. ſeven diſhes.
was ſent for to the houſe of one Parſons, officiat-
Third ſervice.
ing pariſh-clerk of St. Sepulchre's, in Cock-lane,
Vegetables and made diſhes, green peas, arti-
near Weſt-Smithfield, to be witneſs to the noiſes,
choaks, ducks, tongues, fat livers, &c. nine and other extroardinary circumſtances, attending
diſhes.
the ſuppoſed preſence of a ſpirit, that for two
Fourth ſervice.
years paſt had been heard in the night, to the
Curious ornaments in cakes, both ſavoury and great terror of the farnily. To throw ſome light
ſweet, and jellies, blomonges in variety of ſhapes, on this ſtrange affair, we ſhall begin with a narra-
figures, and colours, nine diſhes.
tive publiſhed at that cime, the ſubſtance of which
On the table, between each ſervice, was placed was as follows:
near 100 cold ornamentals, and a grand ſilver
That in 1759, one Mr. K-employed an agent
epergne, filled with various kinds of ſhell-fiſh of to carry a letter to a young gentlewoman of a
different colours,
reputable family in Norfolk, and to bring her
Hot and cold diſhes 414, the deſert not included. up to London in a poſt chaiſe, if ſhe ſhould be
willing

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
381
willing to come: that ſhe did come; but Mr. clergymen, about twenty other perſons, and two
K-being at Greenwich, ſhe followed him there negroes, and ſat up another night.
directly, and was received by him, after a journey They firſt thoroughly examined the bed, bed-
of one hundred miles performed in one day, with cloaths, &c. and, being ſatisfied there was no
much tenderneſs. After ſome ſhort ſtay at Green viſible appearance of a deceit, the child, with its
wich, where it was thought neceſſary that ſhe ſifter, was put into bed, which was found to
ſhould make a will in his favour, ſhe was removed ſhake extremely by the gentleman who had placed
to a lodging near the Manſion-houſe; from thence himſelf at the foot of it.
to lodgings behind St. Sepulchre's-church; and, Among others, the following queſtions were
laſtly, to a houſe in Bartlet-court, in the pariſh of aſked: Whether her diſturbance was occaſioned by
Clerkenwell: here, in 1760, ſhe was taken ill of any ill treatment from Mr. K-? Yes. Whe-
the ſmall-pox, and, on or before the 31ſt of Ja cher ſhe was brought to an untimely end by poi-
nuary, her ſiſter who lived reputably in Pall-Mall, ſon? Yes.--In what was the poiſoni adminiſtered,
was firſt made acquainted with her illneſs and in beer or purl? Purl.-How long before her
place of reſidence, and, being overjoyed to hear death? Three hours ? —Is the perſon called Car-
of her, went immediately to ſee her, and found rots able to give information about the poiſon?
her in a fair way of doing well: next day ſhe Yes. Whether ſhe was K_'s wife's fifter?
ſent to her, and received a favourable account of Yes. Whether ſhe was married to K-? No.-
her'; but, on the morning following, word was Whether any other perſon than Kế were con-
brought that her ſiſter was dead. She died on cerned in the poiſoning ? No.-Whether ſhe
February the ſecond 1760, and was buried, in could viſibly appear to any one? Yes. Whether
two or three days after, at the church of St. John, ſhe would do ſo? Yes. Whether ſhe could go
Clerkenwell, her fiſter attending the funeral, out of that houſe? Yes. Whether ſhe would
who was ſurpriſed at not ſeeing a plate on the follow the child every where? Yes. Whether
coffin, and expreſſed that ſurprize to Mr. Brown ſhe was pleaſed in being aſked queſtions? Yes.
after the funeral was over ; lamenting, at the Whether it eaſed her mind ? Yes.--[Here a
ſame time that ſhe had not been permitted to ſee myſterious noiſe, compared to the fluttering of
her ſiſter's corpfe, the coffin being ſcrewed down wings round the room, was heard]-How long
before ſhe came. She added, that K-- had mar before her death had ſhe told Carrots (her ſervant)
ried one of her ſiſters, and had ruined the other, that ſhe was poiſoned ? One hour.—Here Carrots,
who was buried by the name of -, as appears
who was admitted to be one of the company that
by the pariſh regiſter. By the will already men night, aſſerted that the deceaſed had not told her
tioned K— availed himſelf of her fortune, to the ſo, ſhe being at that time ſpeechleſs]–How long
prejudice of her brother and ſiſters, who all lived did Carrots live with her? Three or four days.--
in perfect harmony till this unhappy affair hap [Carrots atteſted the truth of this.]—Whether if
pened. Such is the account given by Mr. Brown, the accuſed ſhould be taken up he would confefs ?
of Amen corner. A worthy clergy men, how Yes.-Whether ſhe ſhould be at eaſe in her mind
ever, who attended her ſeveral times, and who if the man was hanged? Yes. How long would
adminiſtered to her the laſt comforts of his func it be before he would be executed? Three years.
tion, declares, that the finall pox, with which -How many clergymen were in the room ?
ſhe was ſeized, was of the confluent fort, and Three. --How many negroes ? Two.-Whether
that the gentlemen of the faculty, who attended ſhe could diſtinguiſh the perſon of any one in the
her, had pronounced her irrecoverable ſome days room? Yes.-Whether the colour of a watch
before her death.
held up by one of the clergy, was white, yellow,
It was, however, the ghoſt of this perſon that blue, or black? Anſwered black.-[The watch
Parſons declared had taken poſſeſſion of his girl, was in a black ſhagreen čaſe]—At what time ſhe
a child about twelve years old, who lay with the would depart in the morning? At four o'clock.
deceaſed in the abſence of her ſuppoſed huſband | Accordingly at this hour the noiſe removed to
when he was in the country at a wedding about the Wheatſheaf, a public houſe, at the diſtance
two years ago, and then it was that the knocking || of a few doors, in the bed-chamber of my land-
was firſt heard, to the great terror of this child; lord and landlady, to the great affright and terror
ſhe frequently crying out that ſhe might not be of them both. Such is the manner of interrogac-
taken away. Soon after this woman died, whoſe || ing the ſpirit ; the anſwer is given by knocking or
apparition was now ſuppoſed to appear to this fame ſcratching. An affirmative was one knock; a nega-
child; and, in anſwer to the queſtion put to her tive, two. Diſpleaſure was expreſſed by ſcratching.
one night, what was the occaſion of the firſt On the night of the firſt of February many
knocking, &c. before ſhe died? anſwered that it gentlemen, eminent for their rank and character,
was the ſpirit of her fifter, the firſt wife of Mr. were, by the invitation of the reverend Mr. Al-
K-, who was huſband to them both.
drich of Clerkenwell, aſſembled at his houſe, for
Having now ſufficiently prepared the reader, the examination of the noiſes ſuppoſed to be
we ſhall proceed in our narrative.
The gentle-
made by a departed fpirit for the detection of
man, already ſaid to have been ſent for, attended, fome enormous crime.
and found the child in bed, and the ſpirit being About ten at night the gentlemen met in the
at hand, ſeveral queſtions were put to it by the chamber in which the girl, ſuppoſed to be
father, as ſhall be related hereafter. The gentle diſturbed by a ſpirit, had, with proper caution,
man, not caring to pronounce too haſtily upon been put to bed by ſeveral ladies. They ſat ra-
what appeared to him extraordinary, got ſome ther more than an hour, and, hearing nothing,
friends together, among whom were two or three went down ſtairs, when they interrogated the
32
father
5 D

382
HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
fented April 7:
father of the girl, who denied, in the ſtrongeſt On the ninth of February, the banks of the
terms, any knowledge or belief of fraud. Thames were ſo overflowed that many full caſks
The ſuppoſed fpirit had before publickly pro and other merchandize were ſwept away from the
miſed, by an affirmative knock, that it would at keys and wharfs, and the priſon-yard of the bo-
tend one of the gentlemen into the vault under rough compter was ſome inches under water.
the church of St. John, Clerkenwell, where the And on the tenth of March the tide roſe ſo
body was depoſited, and give a token of her pre high, that it flowed into Weſtminſter-hall as far
ſence there by a knock upon her coffin: it was as the ſtairs leading up to the houſe of commons.
therefore determined to make this trial of the ex The great ſucceſs of his majeſty's operations
iſtence or veracity of the ſuppoſed ſpirit.
by ſea being farther crowned in the conqueſt of
While they were enquiring and deliberating, Martinico (the moſt conſiderable of the French
they were ſummoned into the girl's chamber by ſugar-iſlands) the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com-
ſome ladies, who were near her bed, and who had mon-council, on the ſeventh of April, waited on
heard knocks and ſcratches. When the gentle his majeſty with the following congratulatory ad-
men entered, the girl declared that ſhe felt the dreſs on the occaſion :
fpirit like a mouſe upon her back, and was re-
quired to hold her hands out of bed. From that To the king's moſt excellent majeſty.
time, though the ſpirit was very ſolemnly re-
quired to manifeſt its exiſtence, by appearance,
The humble addreſs of the Lord-mayor, al-
by impreſſion on the hand or body of any preſent, dermen, and commons, of the city of London,
by ſcratches, knocks, or any other agency, no on the conqueſt of the iſland of Martinico, pre-
evidence of any preternatural power was exhi-
bited.
The ſpirit was then very ſeriouſly advertized, May it pleaſe your majeſty,
that the perſon to whom the promiſe was made,
of ſtriking the coffin, was then about to viſit the Graciouſly to accept the humble congratu-
vault, and that the performance of the promiſe " lations of your ever dutiful and loyal ſubjects,
was then claimed. The company, at one o'clock, " the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and commons, of
went into the church, and the gentleman, to “ your city of London, in common-council af-
whom the promiſe was made, went, with one ſembled, upon the glorious and important
more, into the vault.
The ſpirit was ſolemnly conqueſt of the ſtrong, fertile, and opulent
required to perform its promiſe ; but nothing cs iſland of Martinico, and the conſequential ſur-
more than ſilence enſued : the perſon ſuppoſed “ render of the iſland of St. Lucia; acquiſitions
to be accuſed by the ſpirit then went down, with “ doubly valuable, as they conſiderably diminiſh
ſeveral others; but no effect was perceived. " the naval and commercial ſtrength of France,
Upon their return they examined the girl, but " and proportionably extend and ſecure the com-
could draw no confeſſion from her. Between two merce and navigation of Great Britain and her
and three ſhe deſired, and was permitted, to go
" colonies.
home with her father.
" The amazing rapidity of this conqueſt re-
It was therefore the opinion of the whole af “ fle ets a luſtreupon our former triumphs, as
ſembly, that the child had ſome art of making "s well as the higheſt honour upon the royal wiſ-
or counterfeiting particular noiſes, and that there “ dom that planned and directed, the ſkill, unan-
was no agency of any higher cauſe.
imity, and activity, that conducted, and the
This myſterious affair, however, was afterwards “ heroic valour of the fleet and army that effect-
diſcovered to be no more than a wicked contri " ed it with ſo little loſs, and leaves your majeſty
vance to be revenged on Mr. K-, for ſuing for “ at full liberty to turn your victorious arms to
a ſmall ſum of money he had lent, and could not “ other places, where the enemies of your ma-
otherwiſe recover, from one of the parties con jeſty and your kingdoms are no leſs vulnera-
cerned. Mr. K-- being ſufficiently ſupported by 6 ble, and will moſt ſenſibly feel the neceſſity of
, William
diſſolving their late dangerous compact, and
fons and Elizabeth his wife, the parents of the " of ſubmitting to terms of peace adequate to
girl that acted the chief part in this affair, and our ſucceſſes, and the expences of this juſt and
alſo the reverend Mr. Moor, and a reputable « neceſſary war; your majeſty, undazzled by
tradeſman, for a conſpiracy, in the affair of the " the fplendor of repeated victories, having no
Cock-lane ghoſt, to injure his character : and « other view than to vindicate the honour of
their trials came on before lord chief juſtice your crown, and to eſtabliſh and ſecure the juſt
Mansfield in the court of King's-bench at Guild “ rights and poffeffions of your ſubjects.
hall, by a ſpecial jury, on the tenth and twelfth “ In ſo laudable a purſuit, ſo becoming the
of July, when, after a trial of twelve hours, the us father of his people, your majeſty may firmly
contpirators were found guilty, and puniſhed. rely on the ſtrongeſt and moſt chearful efforts
The clergyman and another were brought to the " of the grateful citizens of London, united in
bar and ſeverely reprimanded, and, having com “ duty and affection to your majeſty's facred per-
promiſed the affair with the proſecutor, for a fum “ ſon and government, and in zeal for the glory
of money, they were diſmiſſed. Parſons was " and proſperity of their country.”
pilloried three times in one month, and impri-
ſoned two years ; his wife was impriſoned one To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to re-
year: and Mary Frazier ſent to Bridewell for ſix
return the following moſt gracious anſwer :
months.
66
66
(6 1

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
383
void.
66 I thank
you
for
your loyal and affectionate but mackarel brought up by ſuch carriages, may
la congratulations upon our late important ſuc be ſold on Sundays.
« ceſs. Too much praiſe cannot be given to the All contracts made for fiſh, except for ſalmon
as bravery and conduct of my fleet and army. and lobíters, are vacated after May 1, 1762, and
“ You ſay truly that I am not dazzled by the the parties diſcharged from the penalties of their
5 fplendor of repeated victories: the permanent contracts; and perſons contracting after the faid
s proſperity of my people, as a free and com time for buying up fiſh, other than falmon and
mercial nation, has always been the object of
of || lobſters, before the ſame ſhall be firſt brought to
my ambition: what conduces moſt to that end, market, and duly expoſed to ſale there, ſhall for-
“ I ſhall ever count my greateſt glory.”
feit fifty pounds, and the contract is declared
The city of London having laboured under And after May 1, 1962, no contract for Bri-
great inconveniences for want of a proper ſupply tiſh falmon and lobſters ſhall be in force longer
of wholeſome fiſh at a moderate price, an act of than one year; and the like ſhall take place with
parliament was paffed this feffions for better fup reſpect to any parole contracts.
plying the cities of London and Weſtminſter with After May 1, 1762, no perſon ſhall employ,
fiſh, to reduce the exorbitant price thereof, and or be employed, in buying at the markets of
to encourage and protect fiſhermen. The parti London and Weſtminſter, &c, any fiſh brought
culars of which act were as follow :
thither for ſale, to be afterwards divided among
That any perſon, though no fiſhermonger, may fichmongers, or others, to be ſold ; nor ſhall any
buy, at any market, ſea-coaſt, or river, &c. any perſon buy, in che faid markets, any fiſh but
fiſh in ſeaſon, and ſizeable, paying the accuſtom what ſhall be for his own ſale or uſe, on penalty
ed dues at the place of purchaſe, and may fell of twenty pounds.
the ſame again in any fiſh or Acfh market, paying No ſaleſman or other perſon ſhall refuſe to fell,
the uſual market dues, Covent-garden market and or enter into an agreement not to fell, to or for
the precincts thereof excepted.
any particular perſon's uſe, any fiſh expoſed to
Such fiſh ſhall not be reſold by the firſt pur ſale, at a public market, on penalty of twenty
chaſer, before the ſame ſhall be brought to Lon- | pounds.
don or Weſtminſter, or to where conſigned, un And all fiſh of the reſpective forts hereafter
der penalty of twenty pounds, and ſhall be con ſpecified, brought after May 1, 1762, for ſale
veyed to the places conſigned, without being lia to the London markets, ſhall be open'y ſold ac
ble to be ſtopped, and expoſed to ſale on the the firſt hand, and in' no greater number or quan-
way.
tity in a lot than is hereafter preſcribed; and
Carriages employed in this ſervice ſhall carry and every lot ſhall conſiſt of one ſort of fiſh only,
fiſh only, and ſhall be marked on the outſide, viz.
Fiſh Machine Only; and ſhall be entered at the All freſh ſalmon, ſturgeon, large freſh cod,
office for licenſing hackney-coaches, paying one ſkait, turbot, bret, brill, pearl, kingſton, ling,
fhilling for the regiſtering: and numbered, on and dorys, by the ſingle fiſh: all half freſh cod,
penalty of forcy fillings, and ſhall not be liable not exceeding two in any one lot : all quarter
to be deemed common ſtage-waggons, &c. freſh cod, not exceeding four in any one lot: all
They ſhall be permitted to travel with four mullets, cole-filh, falmon-trout, and other trouts,
horſes in pairs, or with one horſe, or three horſes not exceeding two in any one lot; all ſmall
in length, though with narrow wheels, and ſhall cod, not exceeding twenty-four in any one lot,
pay the like toll as poft-chaiſes, &c. drawn by a in Billingſgate market, or within 150 yards
like number of horſes; and ſhall be allowed to of Billingſgate dock; and in any other market
travel on Sundays and holidays ; as ſhall alſo the within the weekly bills of mortality, not exceed-
returned horſes of fuch carriages; and neither ing eight in any one lot.
carriage nor horſes, if returning empty, ſhall be Small pike, Billingſgate, fix in a lot; other mara
liable to pay toll; and if any game, or other
kets four.o
thing beſides fiſh, and the neceſſary implements Large haddock, Billingſgate, four; other mare
of the carriage, be put therein for conveyance,
kets two.
the perfon putting in the ſame ſhall forfeit five Small haddock, Billingſgate, twenty-four ; o-
pounds, and if the driver ſhall take up, or fuf ther markets eight.
fer
any paſſenger, game, or other thing, to be Carp, gurnet, tench, and ſea baſs, Billingſ,
carried therein, he ſhall forfeit forty ſhillings, and gate, fix; other markets four.
on non-payment ſhall be committed and kept to Thornbacks, Billingſgate, two; other markets
hard labour for any time not exceeding one
month.
Large foals, Billingſgate, four pair ; other
If bulk ſhall be broke of any fish carriage con-
markets two pair.
ſigned for the London markets, &c. before being Small foals, Billingſgate, eight pair ; other
brought within the bills of mortality, or ſale markets four pair.
made of the fiſh before they are expoſed in the Mackarel, whitings, whiting-pouts, plaice,
faid markets, the offender forfeits ten pounds. dabbs, herrings, pilchards, garb-filh, flounders,
The fiſh, after being ſo brought up, ſhall be and maids, Billingſgate, ſixcy; other markets
forthwith ſorted, and expoſed to fale in ſome pub thirty.
lic market the next morning, Sundays excepted ; Smelts, Billingſgate, fifty-two; other markets
and until ſuch fiſh is ſo expoſed, no pare thereof twenty-fix.
ſhall be ſold by retail, on penalty of ten pounds,
Eels,
one.

384
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Eels, Billingſgate, twenty pounds; other mar their compliments of congratulation, in the fol-
kets ten pounds, unleſs any ſingle fiſh ſhall exceed lowing addreſs:
that weight.
Large lobſters and crabs, Billingſgate, twenty; 6. Moſt gracious Sovereign,
other markets, ten.
Small lobſters and crabs, Billingſgate, 40; “ We, your majeſty's ever dutiful and loyal
other markets ten.
“ ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
None of the faid ſeveral fpecies of fiſh ſhall be mons of your city of London, in common-
bought or ſold at the firſt hand, in the ſaid mar “ council aſſembled, humbly beg leave to em-
kets, in a greater number or quantity in a lot than « brace this earlieſt opportunity of congratulat-
is preſcribed above, nor more than one ſort of ing your majeſty upon the ſafe and happy de-
fiſh in a lot ſhall be ſold, or offered for ſale, on " livery of the queen, and the auſpicious birth
penalty of five pounds.
s of a prince.
But a ſmaller number of any of the ſaid fiſh “ So important an event, and upon a day ever
than a lot conſiſts of, if it contains more than " ſacred to the liberty of theſe kingdoms, fills
one ; and alſo a leſſer weight of eels than makes us with the moſt grateful ſentiments of the
one lot, may be fold or expoſed to fale in the faid 6c divine goodneſs, that has thus early crowned
markets.
your majeſty's domeſtic happineſs, and opened
No fith ſhall be ſold again, or expofed to fale to your people the agreeable proſpect of per-
the ſame day, in the fame market where it was be “ manence and ſtability to the bleſſings they de-
fore ſold, on penalty of ten pounds, but the 6 rive from the wiſdom and ſteadineſs of your
buyer may ſell the ſame, whilſt ſound and whole majeſty's victorious reign.
ſome, in any other place.
“ May the ſame gracious providence foon re-
Before any fiſh, to be ſold at the firſt hand in “ ſtore your majeſty's moſt amiable and beloved
any of the ſaid markets, be expoſed to ſale, an ac confort, and give perfect health and length of
count of the forts, and quantity of each, in large “ days to the royal infant.
legible characters, ſhall be put up at the fiſh-ſtand Long, very long, may your majeſty live,
(the number of founders, plaice, dabbs, ex « the guardian and protector, the ornament and
cepted; and alſo of mackarel, maids, herrings, delight of Great-Britain; and, by your inſtruc-
and pilchards;) and if any other fiſh of the forts “ tions and example, form the mind of your royal
mentioned in the act be brought for fale, be 65 fon, to the government of a free, brave, and
fore the market of the day is over, they hall generous people: and, in the fulneſs of time,
likewife be added to the account, before they may that ſon ſucceed to the virtues as well as to
are expoſed to fale; and the ſaid accounts ſhall be " the throne of his royal father; and preſerve,
kept up, undefaced, till all the fiſh be ſold, or “ for a long ſucceſſion of years, the glory, hap
the market be over, on penalty of five pounds. “ pineſs, and proſperity of his country.”
Or if any perfon, before ſuch time, ſhall wilfully
take down, deface or alter, the accounts fo put To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to
up, or cauſe the ſame to be done, he ſhall forfeit return the following moft gracious anſwer:
forty ſhillings.
No fiſherman, &c. after the arrival of his " I receive with the greateſt pleaſure, theſe
veſſel from fiſhing, ſhall deſtroy, or caſt away, very affectionate expreffions of your duty and
any of the fiſh, not being unwholeſome, periſhed, “ attachment to me and to my family, and thank
or unmarketable, remaining unſold after market
your congratulations upon an event fo
is over, on penalty of being committed and kept “ intereſting to me, and to the future welfare of
to hard labour for any time not exceeding two my people, with which my own happineſs,
months, nor leſs than one week.
“ upon this and every other occaſion, is inſepa-
The proviſions in this act touching the ſale or “ rably connected. The city of London may
buying of fiſh within the bills of mortality, and " always depend upon my conſtant favour and
penalties for non-obſervance thereof, ſhall extend “ proteclion."
to the pariſh of St. Mary-le-bone in Middleſex.
The prohibitory clauſes in this act againſt con Soon after her majeſty's delivery, the waggons
tracts ſhall not extend to thoſe made, or to be with the treaſure of the Hermione (a ſpaniſh regi-
made, with regard to falt or dried fiſh, oyſters, fter ſhip taken by the Engliſh, and whoſe cargo
conſiſted of near twelve millions of money) entered
No information ſhall be received by a juſtice || St. James's-Street; on which his majeſty and the
againſt any perſon for being concerned in any nobility went to the windows over the palace-gate
contract for buying up fiſh to be ſold again con to ſee them, and joined their acclamations on two
trary to this act; but the penalty for entering into || ſuch joyful occaſions: from whence the proceſſion
ſuch contract, ſhall be recoverable only, with || proceeded to the Tower in the following order.
double coſts, in one of the courts of Weſtmin-
ſter; one moiety to go to Greenwich hoſpital, and A company of light-horſe attended with kettle
the other to the proſecutor.
drums, French horns, trumpets, and hautboys.
The queen being happily delivered of a prince A covered waggon decorated with an Engliſh
on the twelfth of Auguſt, the right honourable || jack, and a Spaniſh flag underneath, hanging be-
the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and common-coun-
hind the waggon.
cil, waited on his majeſty, on the fourteenth, with
Two more covered waggons.
Seven
66
you for
carp, or tench.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
38%
He was
Seven waggons uncovered.
two unfortunate priſoners in the rooms which were
One covered waggon, decorated with an Eng burnt, who periſhed in the flames : the one was
liſh jack, and a Spanilh flag underneath.
captain Ogle, who had been tried for murder,
Another covered waggon, decorated with an but being found a lunatic was ordered to remain
Engliſh pendant, and a Spaniſh one underneath. in priſon; the other unhappy perſon was one
Several waggons uncovered.
Thomas Smith, who had been confined on ſuſpi-
And laſtly, a covered waggon, decorated with cion of ſtealing corn, and left a wife and three
an Engliſh jack, and a Spaniſh flag.
children; the former of whom, the night pre-
In the whole twenty waggons.
ceeding the accident, carried him his whole ef-
The proceſſion was concluded with an officer fects, amounting, in money and bank bills, to
on horſeback, carrying an Engliſh enſign, at between five and fix hundred pounds.
tended by another holding a drawn cutlaſs. heard to call out for help, and ſeen to put his
The eſcort to each waggon conſiſted of four arm through the iron grate, which was ſo exceſſive
marines, with their bayonets fixed. And the hot, that it fet his ſhirt on fire, at which time it
whole cavalcade was faluted by the populace with was imagined he threw his pocket-book out with
the greateſt acclamations of joy.
the notes in it, which were ſaved. In a few mi-
nutes after the floor fell in, and they were both
About ten o'clock at night on the twenty buried in the ruins; for it burnt ſo violently, and
fourth, a moft dreadful ſtorm of thunder and the flames ſpread ſo faſt, that none of the peo-
lightning began at London, which greatly alarmed ple could get to their aſſiſtance. The fury of the
the inhabitants: about eleven it was accompanied || Aames was greatly abated by ſix, but continued
by a heavy rain, which, with ſome intermiſſion, burning till two in the afternoon, when a party
continued till near four the next morning. The wall fell down, but happily did no damage.
flaſhes of lightning were particularly pale and Though the confufion was fo great, not one pri-
very frequent. At times there were ſix or ſeven ſoner eſcaped, nor were any hurt, except the two
of them ſucceſſively, almoſt without intermiſſion. unfortunate perſons abovementioned.
They caft ſuch a light, that objects in the adjacent On the ſixteenth another fire broke out at a
parts of this metropolis were plainly diſtinguiſhed carpenter's in Great Pultney-ſtreet, by Carnaby-
two and three miles diſtance.
market, occaſioned by a woman lodger reading in
Negociations of peace with France being ab bed, which, in a ſhort time, entirely conſumed
ſolutely determined on by the court, and miniſters that houſe, and greatly damaged two others ad-
appointed on the part of each nation to tranfact joining. The greateſt part of the houſe was in
the affairs in debate at London and Paris, the flames before the lodgers knew of their danger;
French king nominated the duke de Nivernois to two of whom, a man and his wife, were burnt in
reſide at London for that purpoſe, and the court their bed; and ſeveral, to eſcape the flames,
of London appointed his grace the duke of Bed threw themſelves out of the windows, but receiv-
ford to go to Paris to treat of peace, of which ed ſo much hurt, that they were obliged to be
reſolution the miniſtry thought proper to inform carried to the hoſpital; among the latter a poor
the Lord-mayor of London by the following ſpe woman died as ſhe was carrying there.
cial letter, dated the thirtieth of Auguſt:
On the twenty-ninth of September came on at
Guildhall the election of a Lord-mayor for the
" To the right hon. the Lord-mayor. year enſuing, when alderman Beckford and alder-
man Bridgen were returned to the court of alder-
« My Lord,
men; and upon their ſcrutiny, there were eigh-
teen votes for Mr. Beckford, and one for Mr.
« I have the earl of Egremont's directions to Bridgen ; in conſequence of which the former
acquaint your lordſhip, that, in conſequence of was declared duly elected. Mr. Beckford, it
6 his moſt chriſtian majeſty's nomination of the was imagined, would have fined rather than have
66 duke de Nivernois to come here to treat of a ſerved ; but the livery having elected him, he
peace, the king has been pleaſed to name the was determined, he ſaid, to ſerve the office to the
« duke of Bedford to go to Paris for the ſame beſt of his abilities, let the conſequence to him.
“ purpoſe; and his grace's appointment will be felf be what it might.
« declared on Wedneſday next the firſt of Sep On the fourth of October, the right honour-
6 tember. My lord Egremont thinks it may be able the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and commons
" of uſe to make this public in the city as ſoon of London waited on his majeſty with the follow-
" as poſſible.
ing addreſs of congratulation on the conqueſt of
the Havannah :
« I am with the greateſt reſpect,
My Lord, your lordſhip's moſt obedient To the king's moſt excellent majeſty.
66 humble Servant,
R. Wood.”
The humble addreſs of the Lord-mayor, al-
About two o'clock in the morning on the eighth | dermen, and commons, of the city of London,
of September, a fire broke out at the back of a in common-council afſembled.
ſtair-caſe in the preſs-yard, Newgate, which in a
few hours conſumed all the apartments in that “ Moſt gracious ſovereign,
place, greatly damaged the chapel, and the back
part of a houſe belonging to a ſtocking-trimmer, “ We your majeſty's ever dutiful and loyal
in Phænix-court, Newgate-ftreet, There were ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
33
5 E
nam
66
mons

386
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
mons of your city of London, in common Moſt of their cattle in the fields were carried offs
“ council aſſembled, humbly beg leave to con likewiſe ſtacks of hay and wood, with the loſs of
gratulate your majeſty upon the late ſignal all the hogs that were in their ſtyes and yards, to-
“ ſucceſs with which it hach pleaſed the Al gether with all the horſes that were in the ſtables.
“ mighty to bleſs your majeſty's arms, in the re In ſome parts of Stratford the flood reached
« duction of the Havannah and its dependencies their chamber windows, and the face of the wa-
(moſt properly ftiled the key of the Spaniſh ters was covered with the bodies of the beaſts that
“ Weft-Indies, and long deemed impregnable) periſhed. From the neareſt computation that
“ under a capitulation that does honour to the could be made, not leſs than 5000 hogs periſhed
ſpirit and humanity of the Britiſh nation. in this flood, together with all the horſes and other
" It is with the higheſt pleaſure we reflect cattle that were in the meadows, whoſe numbers
upon the value and importance of this con were very conſiderable. The flood extended itſelf
queſt, attended with the acquiſition of im over all the cauſeways, and ſeveral people were
“ menſe riches, and an irreparable blow to the loft in the high roads ; a woman and horſe, and
“ trade and naval power of Spain. A conqueſt a gentleman in a poft chaiſe, with the horſes and
“ that gives additional luſtre to an already glori- | poſt-boy, all periſhed in the water ; and three of
ous and ſuccefsful war; and which cannot but the paſſengers in the Bury-machine, with two of
• ftrike terror into an enemy, not only unpro the horſes, were alſo drowned. The china works
“ voked, but inſenſible to the repeated inſtances beyond Bow-bridge were overflowed in ſuch a
" of your majeſty's good-will, friendſhip, and manner that the current ruſhed through the great
“ moderation; and convince him, that there is | arch like the tide through the arches of London-
no attempt, how arduous foever, but what, || bridge. The callico-grounds in the neighbour-
planned and directed by the wiſdom of your hood of Bow and Stratford were all overflowed,
majeſty's councils, may, under the divine pro and great quantities of linen carried off. The
« vidence, be effected by the harmony, activity, houſes from Bow-bridge to Stratford were all un-
66 and abilities, of ſuch commanders, and the der water, and the inhabitants were compelled to
valour, zeal, and emulation of your fleets and take refuge by getting out of their windows.
“ armies, regardleſs of any fatigues or dangers, This powerful innundation was productive of the
" wherever the glory of their king and country like diſmal conſequences in moſt other parts of
66 is concerned.
the kingdom.
“ May the poffeffion of this very valuable On the eighth of November the right honour-
conqueſt, together with other happy conſe able the Lord-mayor received the following letter
quences of your
your majeſty's meaſures, thus wiſely from the ſecretary of ſtate's-office, which was
“ and vigorouſly purſued, prove the means of ſent to him in conſequence of the preliminary ar-
effectually defeating the ambitious views of ticles of peace having been ſigned by the duke of
your majeſty's enemies, and of for ever dif Bedford :
“ folving the late alarming compact of the houſe
" of Bourbon, calculated to deſtroy the com To the right honourable the Lord-mayor.
merce of your ſubjects, and replete with dan-
ger to the exiſtence of your majeſty's ancient My Lord, Cleaveland-row Noy. 8, 1762.
6 and natural ally, and to the independence of
- the reſt of the powers of Europe.
66. I am directed by my lord Egremont to ac-
“ And we beg leave humbly to aſſure your quaint your lordſhip, that one of his majeſty's
“ majeſty, that your faithful citizens of London, meſſengers has this moment brought an ac-
animated with the warmeſt ſenſe of duty to 66 count of the duke of Bedford's having ſigned
your majeſty and their country, will, with “ the preliminary articles of peace with France
unwearied chearfulneſs, contribute their utmoſt " and Spain, ac Fontainbleau, on the third in
efforts to ſtrengthen your majeſty's hands, until < ftant. The ſecretary of ſtate's intention, for
your enemies, moved by their own repeated “ making this immediate communication to your
“ loſſes and diſtreſſes, ſhall be diſpoſed to liſten lordſhip of the firſt account relative to the ſige
« to ſuch terms of accommodation as your royal nature of the preliminaries, which has been
« wiſdom ſhall think adequate to our glorious • tranſmitted to his office by the king's minifter
“ ſucceſſes; and ſuch as may effectually ſecure at Paris, is in order to have it publicly known
“ the trade and navigation of your ſubjects, and “ in the city without loſs of time. Your lordſhip
prevent the calamities of a future war. “ will, no doubt, take ſuch ſteps as are moſt
proper to anſwer the purpoſe.
On the twenty-ſeventh of this month it ap-
peared that, by the rains which fell for ſome days
“ I am, &c. R. Wood."
paft, a high tide in the river Thames, and a
ſtrong gale of wind at north, the rivers within And on the firſt of December the ceffation of
twenty-miles of London were fo raiſed, that the arms was proclaimed in the uſual places, and with
like had never been known in the memory of the accuſtomed ceremonies.
man; and the damage that was ſuſtained, more On the thirteenth of February, 1763, the
eſpecially on the river Lee, was almoſt incredible. Thames roſe ſo high, that many houſes on the
In leſs than five hours the water roſe twelve feet | Surry ſide were four or five feet under water :
in perpendicular height. About Stratford, Weſt the long walk at Lambeth, by the biſhop's-palace,
ham, Plaiſtow, Waltham-abbey, and along the was overflowed, and boats were employed in the
marſhes, they were very fatal to the inhabitants. town to carry people from houſe to houſe. The
damage
66
46
1

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
387
damage done by this high tide was computed at to oppoſe every enlargement or extenſion of the
20,000l. In Weſtminſter-hall the water was four powers of exciſe ; and that you do not conceal
feer deep; and the inhabitants of Tooly-ſtreet from the public any ſuch attempt, nor ſuffer
and Wapping were obliged to keep to their up yourſelves to be amuſed by any plauſible alteration
per rooms.
in the bill ſubjecting the makers of cyder and
On the twenty-fourth a riot happened at Co-
perry, to exciſe laws."
vent garden theatre, occaſioned by a demand be And on the twenty-eighth the ſaid court, hav-
ing made for full prices throughout the whole ing been informed that the commons had paſſed
performance of Artaxerxes : all the benches in and ſent up the cyder bill to the lords, reſolved
the boxes and the pit were entirely torn up,
the that an humble petition ſhould be preſented, in
glaſſes and chandeliers broken, and the linings of their name, to the houſe of lords, and another to
the boxes cut to pieces. The raſhneſs of the the king, praying that the ſaid bill might not paſs
rioters was ſo great, that they cut away the into a law. The petition to his majeſty was as
wooden pillars between the boxes, ſo that, if the
follows:
inſide of them had not been iron, they would
have brought down the galleries upon their own • The humble petition of the Lord-mayor, al-
heads. The damages were computed at two
" dermen, and commons, of the city of
thouſand pounds
" London, in common-council aſſembled,
On the twenty-ſecond of March the definitive
-treaty of peace was proclaimed at the uſual places, 66 Moſt humbly ſheweth,
purſuant to bis majeſty's royal warrant ſigned for
that purpoſe.
" That your petitioners are fully convinced,
There being at this time a bill depending in 66 that the collecting the duties intended to be
parliament to ſubject the makers of cyder and “ laid on the makers of cyder and perry, by
perry to the exciſe laws. The court of com way of exciſe, is not nor can in many inſtances
mon-council, on the above day, unanimouſly “ be, ſo regulated, but that it will occaſion num-
came to the following reſolution :
56 berleſs difficulties and queſtions.
" That the method of trial and deciſion of
6. That it is the opinion of this court, that a « exciſe diſputes are founded only in neceſſity,
« petition be prepared to the honourable houſe being in their nature arbitrary, and inconſiſtent
s of commons, againſt ſo much of the bill now «s with the principles of liberty, and the happy,
" depending in that houſe, for granting an addi - conftitution of your majeſty's government.
“ tional duty on wine, cyder, and perry, as re " That the expoſing private houſes to be en-
«s lates to ſubjecting the makers of cyder and « tered into and ſearched, at pleaſure, by per-
perry to the laws of exciſe.”
- fons unknown, will be a badge of ſlavery upon
your people.
And at another court held the next day, a mo “ That your petitioners, firmly confiding in
tion was made that inſtructions ſhould be given your majeſty's favour, and filled with a moſt
to the members of this city, in regard to the faid humble and grateful ſenſe of your paternal af-
petition, and a committee of four aldermen and « fection for your people, moſt humbly beſeech
eight commoners was appointed to prepare the your majeſty to protect their liberty, and keep
fame, which being done, and read in court, was " them happy and at eaſe; free from the appre-
unanimoufly agreed to.
“ henfion of being diſturbed in their property;
The repreſentation of the Lord-mayor, alder by which your majeſty will erect a Iafting
men, and commions of the city of London, in monument of your goodneſs in every houſe in
common-council aſſembled, to the repreſentatives «s the kingdom.
of this city in parliament.
“ Your petitioners, therefore, moſt humbly
66 This court cannot forbear expreſſing to you implore your majeſty, that you will not give
their furprize, at the precipitate progreſs which your royal affent to ſo much of the bill, as
has been already made in a new attempt towards 66 fubjects the makers of cyder and perry, to ex-
a general exciſe. The extenſion of exciſe laws (6 ciſe laws.
into private houſes, whereby the ſubject is made
liable to a frequent and arbitrary vifitation of And your petitioners ſhall ever pray, &c.".
officers, and the judicial determination of com-
miſſioners, removeable at pleaſure, is inconſiſtent For theſe zealous endeavours to oppoſe a bill
with thoſe principles of liberty which have hitherto ſo detrimental to the ſubject, the citizens received
diftinguiſhed this nation from arbitrary govern the particular thanks of the city of Exeter, and
An attack upon the liberty of the ſub were greatly applauded by their fellow ſubjects
ject, made ſo immediately after a glorious and in general; but their petitions had not ſufficient
ſucceſsful
war,
and at a time when we had effect to prevent the ſaid bill paſſing into a law:
juſt reaſon to expect to enjoy the bleſſings of though, by their repeated applications it was af-
peace, demands your ſerious atcention. And this terwards repealed.
court doth remark, that whatever may be the ne On the ninth of April fome recruits confined
ceſſity of the times, the ſmallneſs of the fum in in the Savoy for the Eaſt-India ſervice, roſe upon
dicates that cannot be the only motive to fo ex che centinels, wrefted their arms from them, and
traordinary a meaſure. For theſe reaſons, this made themſelves maſters of the keys; but the
court doth earneſtly recommend your conſtant || guards in the barracks being alarmed, another
attendance in parliament, and utmoſt endeavours Il fray enſued, in which three of the recruits were
fhoc
66
co
66
66
ments.

3.88
HISTORY and SURVEY of Ľ ONDON.
manner :
ces
two.
11
ſhot dead, ſome others mortally wounded, and “ My lords,
one of the ſoldiers had his hand ſo ſhattered, that
it was obliged to be cut off.
« I feel myſelf happy to be at laſt brought
On the eighteenth the two ambaſſadors extra “ before a coutty and before judges whoſe cha-
ordinary from the republic of Venice to the court - racteriſtic is the love of liberty. I have many
of London, made their public entry through " humble shanks to return for the immediate or
the city to Somerſet-houſe, in the following “ der you 'were pleaſed to iſſue, to give me an
opportunity of laying my grievances before
you. They are of a kind hitherto unparalleled
The whole company aſſembled at Greenwich, “ in this free country, and I truſt the conſequen-
from whence they ſet off between twelve and one. will teach miniſters of Scottiſh and arbitrary
There were three ſtate barges, viz. the queen's principles, that the liberty of an Engliſh ſub-
of ten oars, and two others of eight oars each, ject is not to be ſported away with impunity, in
with another of fix oars for their attendants: be " this cruel and deſpotic manner.
fides a great number of other barges belonging to “ I am accuſed of being the author of the
the nobility and gentry, who accompanied the “ North-Briton, No. 45. I fhall only remark
proceflion,
upon that paper, that it takes all load of accu-
They landed about three o'clock at the Tower, “ fation from the facred name of a prince, whoſe
from whence they proceeded in the following family I love and honour as the glorious de-
order through the Minories, Leadenhall-ftreet, “ fenders of the cauſe of liberty, and whoſe per-
Cornhill, Cheapſide, Ludgate-ſtreet, Fleet-ſtreet, " fonal qualities are fo amiable, great and re-
and along the Strand to Somerſet-houſe, where ſpectable, that he is deſervedly the idol of his
they were entertained at the king's expence, till people. It is the peculiar faſhion and crime of
their audience of his majeſty.
c. theſe times, and of thoſe who hold high mi-
Four king's under marſhal-men on horſeback. 56 niſterial offices in government, to throw every
City marſhal on horſeback.
" odious charge from themſelves upon majeſty :
Maſter of the ceremonies affiftant, in a coach " the author of this paper, whoever he may be,
and fix.
has, upon conſtitutional principles, done di-
Thirty eight footmen, two and two, on foot. rectly che reverſe, and is therefore in me, the
Eight gentlemen of the bedchambers, belong ſuppoſed author, meant to be perſecuted ac
ing to the ambaſſadors, on horſeback, two and cordingly; the particular cruelcies of my treat-
ment, worſe than if I had been a Scotch rebel,
Houſe ſteward alone, on horſeback.
« this court will hear, and I dare ſay, from your
Eight pages on horſeback, two and two.
juſtice in due time redreſs.
Kettle drum.
“ I may, perhaps, ſtill have the means left me
Second maſter of the horſe, alone.
to ſhew that I have been ſuperior to every
King's ſtate-coach, with the ambaſſadors, the " temptation of corruption. They may, indeed,
earl of Guilford, and maſter of the ceremonies ; “ have flattered themſelves, that when they found
fix horſes.
sc corruption could not prevail, perſecution might
King's ſecond coach, with the two ſecretaries ss intimidate. I will ſhew myſelf ſuperior to
to the embaſſy, fix horſes.
“ both. My papers have been ſeized, perhaps
Six gentlemen of the privy-chamber, in the ss with a hope the better to deprive me of that
next royal coaches.
proof of their meanneſs and corrupt prodiga-
The queen, princeſs of Wales, duke of York, lity, which it may, poſſibly, in a proper place
princeſs Auguſta, duke of Cumberland, and “ be yet in my power to give.”
")
princeſs Amelia’s coaches with ſix horſes each.
The ambaſſador's grand ftare-coach with eight The caſe was then learnedly argued by eminent
horſes, empty.
lawyers on both ſides, and when they had finiſhed,
The ſecond coach empty, with ſix horſes. the court, after making a polite excuſe to Mr.
The third coach with two Venetian noblemen, Wilkes for the delay, took time to conſider the
fix horſes.
caſe; and to give their opinion : therefore they
The peer's coaches and fix.
remanded him priſoner to the Tower, till Friday
All the dreſſes of the perfons attending this the fixth of May. On which day he was brought
proceſſion, both on the water, as well as at land, up to the court of common-pleas, where the
were extremely ſplendid.
lord chief juſtice and the other judges being
aſſembled, Mr. Wilkes addreſſed them as fol
On the 29th John Wilkes, eſq; member of lows :
parliament for Ayleſbury, was taken into cuſtody
by a warrant from the ſecretary of ſtate, for writ 66. My lords,
ing a paper called the North-Briton, No. 45, and
after examination was committed to the Tower. “ Far be it from me to regret that I have paf-
At the lame time all his papers were ſeized, to be “ ſed ſo many more days in captivity, as it will
examined by perſons appointed by the ſecretaries. « have afforded you an opportunity of doing,
And on the third of May, he was brought from upon mature reflection, and repeated examina-
the Tower to the bar of the court of common cs tion, the more ſignal juſtice to my country.
pleas, Weſtminſter, where he made the following “ The liberty of all peers and gentlemen, and
ſpeech:
“ what touches me more ſenſibly, that of all the
middling
66
66

HIS TO R Y and SURV E T of LONDON.
389
"middling and inferior claſs of people, who And to the laſt point he obſerved, that the pri-
66 ftand moſt in need of protection, is, in my vilege of parliament ſhould be held ſacred and in-
" caſe, this day to be finally decided upon : a violable; and as there were but three particular
" queſtion of ſuch importance as to deter caſes in which that privilege was forfeited, it only
" mine at once, whether Engliſh liberty be
remained to examine how far Mr. Wilkes's was
a reality or a ſhadow. Your own free-born endangered. Mr. Wilkes ſtood accuſed of writ-
e hearts will feel with indignation and compaſſion || ing a libel; a libel in the ſenſe of the law was a
“ all that load of oppreſſion under which I have high miſdemeanor, but did not come within the
« ſo long laboured. Cloſe impriſonment, the deſcription of treaſon, felony, or breach of the
“ effect of premeditated malice, all acceſs for peace; at moſt it had but a tendency to diſturb
more than two days denied to me, my houſe the peace, and conſequently could not be ſuffi-
“ ranſacked and plundered, my moſt private and cient to deſtroy the privilege of a member of par-
“ ſecret concerns divulged, every vile and malig liament.
“ nant inſinuation, even of high treaſon itſelf, Thus was the point of privilege determined,
no leſs induſtriouſly than fally circulated by and Mr. Wilkes, by order of the court, imme-
« my cruel and implacable enemies, together | diately diſcharged.
66 with all the various inſolence of office, form In his way from the hall to his houſe in Great
" but a part of my unexampled ill treatment. George-ſtreet, he was ſurrounded by many gen-
" Such inhuman principles of ſtar-chamber ty tlemen of dictinction, amidſt the moſt repeated
ranny will, I truít, by this court, upon this acclamations of more than ten thouſand people.
6 folemn occaſion, be finally extirpated ; and [The particulars reſpecting the above gentleman
“ henceforth every innocent man, however poor will be progreſſively given from this firſt circuma
" and unſupported, may hope to ſleep in peace ſtance to the cloſe of our work.]
es and ſecurity in his own houſe, unviolated by
king's meſſengers, and the arbitrary mandates On the ſixth of May, about four o'clock in the
of an overbearing ſecretary of ſtate.
morning, a terrble fire broke out at the houſe of
" I will no longer delay your juſtice. The na lady Moleſworth, in Upper Brook-ſtreet, Groſve-
stion is impatient to hear, nor can they be ſafe || nor-ſquare, which, in a ſhort time, entirely con-
or happy till that is obtained. If the fame fumed the ſame, with all its furniture. Lady
“ perſecution is after all to carry me before ano Moleſworth, her brother captain Uſher, her ſe-
“ther court, I hope I ſhall find that the genuine | cond and third daughters, and four or five ſer-
•6 fpirit of Magna Charta, that glorious inheri vants, periſhed in the flames. Her eldeſt daugh-
" tance, that diſtinguiſhing characteriſtic of En ter jumped out of a window and broke her leg:
gliſhmen, is as religiouſly revered there, as I the mother intended to follow, but the fire over-
" know it is here, by the great perſonages before powered her, and ſhe ſunk into the midſt of the
« whom I have now the happineſs to ſtand ; and fames. Her fourth and fifth daughters jumped
" (as in the memorable caſe of the impriſoned out of a garret window; the former broke her
“ biſhops) that an independent jury of free-born thigh, and the latter was greatly bruiſed. Dr.
• Engliſhmen will perſiſt to determine my fate, Coote Moleſworth, with his lady, being on a
as in conſcience bound, upon conftitutional viſit, narrowly eſcaped with their lives. The
a principles, by a verdict of guilty or not guilty. ||doctor's lady threw herſelf from a two pair of
" I aſk no more at the hands of my country ſtairs window into the garden, and was much
men."
ſcorched and terribly bruiſed. The doctor hung
from the window by his hands till a ladder was
When Mr. Wilkes had finiſhed his ſpeech, the brought him. An elderly woman, governeſs of
lord chief
the children, threw herſelf out of the nurſery-
opinion of the court on the three following heads, window, and was killed on the ſpot. One of the
which were chiefly inſiſted on by counſel: footmen, in jumping from a window, fell upon
I. The legality of Mr. Wilkes's commitment. the iron ſpikes, where he hung till a chairman, at
2. The neceſſity for a ſpecification of thoſe par the hazard of his own life, took him off; but he
ticular paſſages in the 45th number of the North afterwards died of his wound. Notwithſtanding
Briton, which had been deemed a ltbel. And the fire in this houſe was fo fatal to its inha-
3. Mr. Wilkes's privilege as a member of par bitants, yet it is remarkable no other houſe re.
liament.
ceived the leaſt damage.
To the firſt of theſe his lordſhip was of In order to ſhew the contempt with which the
opinion, that Mr. Wilkes's commitment was not citizens held the conduct of the miniſtry, in
illegal.
having made up a peace fo very inadequate to
To the ſecond, which required a ſpecification | the glorious ſucceſſes of the late war, it is only
of the particular paſſages in the North Briton, || neceſſary to obſerve, that the common-council
which were deemed a libel, his lordſhip took no could by no means be prevailed on to addreſs :
tice, that the inſertion of theſe paſſages, ſo far as and the greateſt cavalcade which could be formed
they related to the point in queſtion, was not at from the city for that purpoſe, conſiſted only of
all neceſſary.
eight aldermen, * including the locum tenens at
33
6 F
their
6
* On the twelfth of May 1763, between twelve and one
o'clock, the following aldermen went in proceflion from
Guildhall to wait upon his majeſty with an addreſs on the
peace :
Sit

3'90
HIS TO Řr and SURVEY of LONDON.
6 Sir,
their head, who, affuming the name of the Lord 66 ſettlement, after the concluſion of peace with
mayor, and court of aldermen, waited on his " all our foreign enemies.
majeſty with the following:
“ Your reſolution to ſupport, in oppoſition
" thereto, the true conſtitutional liberty of theſe
kingdoms, is highly acceptable to me.
“ The city of London may depend upon my
“ Your majeſty's faithful and loyal ſubjects, os conſtant favour and protection."
€ the Lord-mayor and aldermen of the city of
66 London, deſire to be permitted to pay their The fourth of June being his majeſty's birth-
“ humble duty to your majeſty, and to expreſs day, the ſame was celebrated with more public
" their grateful ſenſe of your majeſty's gracious demonſtrations of joy than had been ever known
" and benevolent attention to your people, in re on a like occaſion. The principal buildings were
lieving them from the increaſing burdens of a grandly illuminated, as were almoſt all the pri-
a long and expenſive, though glorious and fuc vate houſes in the ſquares and ſtreets of this mea
66 ceſsful war.
tropolis ; each vying with the other to expreſs
They enter not into a particular conſidera their loyalty to their ſovereign, however they diſ
« tion of the national advantages reſulting from liked the meaſures of the miniſtry. A terrible
" the treaty of peace, which your majeſty has accident happened in the evening on Tower-hill,
“ been pleaſed to conclude: Theſe have been where were exhibited grand fire-works at the
" ſubmitted to a conftitutional examination, but public expence. The populace repaired thither
“ they beg leave thus publicly to declare to your in ſuch ſhoals, and crouded ſo faſt on each other,
majeſty their entire acquieſcence in a meaſure, that the rails which ſurrounded a well, on the
66 which your majeſty's councils, and the great bank of the ditch, at the poſtern, gave way, and
« council of the nation, have ſeen reafon to ap the multitude fell together about thirty feet deep.
prove. And this they have thought it their By which accident fix were taken up dead, fours
" duty to do at this time, when they have with teen were ſo hurt that they died of their wounds,
concern obſerved a ſpirit of faction unhappily and many others were moſt dreadfully bruiſed.
ariſing, and are apprehenſive their filence About two o'clock in the morning on the 23d
might be interpreted an encouragement of prac a fire broke out in King-ſtreet, Rotherhithe, which
56 cices, which their dutiful attachment to your entirely conſumed fifteen houſes, beſides damage
majeſty's perſon and government leads them to ing many others. And on the tenth of July fol-
deteft and abhor.
lowing, about one in the morning, a moſt terria
They further beg leave to aſſure your majeſ ble fire began in a ſtable, or ſome out-houſe, near
that as magiftrates to whom the executive the eaſt ſide of the plying.place called New-crane,
power of the government of the city of Lon in the pariſh of Shadwell, which communicated
is intruſted, it ſhall be their conſtant endea-
its flames to a loft adjoining, full of dry reeds for
vour to maintain and preſerve domeſtic tran the uſe of the ſhip yard, in which it ſtood, and
quillity, order, and government, and that true ſet fire to a ſhip in the dock. The wind being
“ and perfect liberty, which has its foundation in high, the flames immediately catched the back-
« obedience to the laws, and of which licentiouſ fronts and out-buildings of the houſes next the
" neſs, though it often aſſumes the name, is, in water in the ſtreet called Wapping-wall; and ſo
“ this country, the only enemy.
rápid was their progreſs, that before proper affifte
“ By a conduct fo conformable to your royal ance could be brought, the fire croſſed the ſtreet,
s example, they preſume to hope they ſhall in and, in a few hours, the houſes on both the
title themſelves to the continuance of your ma ſouth and the north ſides were entirely conſumed.
jeſty's protection and favour."
Eighty-ſeven houſes were burnt to the ground,
and ſeveral perfons periſhed in the fames.
His majeſty's moſt gracious anſwer.
On the nineteenth of Auguſt, about twelve
o'clock at noon, began a very terrible ſtorm of
" I return you my ſincere thanks for this ad. wind, rain, thunder, and lightning in this city,
“ dreſs, and for che ſatisfaction you expreſs in which was preceded by an almoſt total darkneſs.
“ the ſucceſs of my endeavours to reſtore the The air ſeemed greatly convulſed; the heat was
“ public peace.
intenſe, and was felt by the people as like the
<< I receive with great pleaſure the aſſurances heat of an oven. The appearance of it being
you give me, of your abhorrence and deteſta much the ſame as preceded the great earthquake
« tion of thoſe factious and licentious practices, at Liſbon, many people expected the moſt direful
“ which, alone, can endanger our preſent happy || conſequences would follow: but it went off much
ty,
The Chamberlain.
The Town-clerk.
Sir Charles Afgill, as locum tenens.
Robert Alfop, eſq;
Sir Thomas Rawlinſon, knt..
Marſh Dickinſon, eſq;
Sir Richard Glynn, bart.
Sir Samuel Fludyer, bart:
Sir Francis Goſling, knt, and the Recorder
Richard Blunt, efq;
.
A great number of people aſſembled in Guildhall-yard to
ſee them ſet out, who teſtified their diſpleaſure by continued
hiſſing &c. As the proceſſion paſſed St. Bride's church the
great bell began to toll, and then a dumb peal ftruck up,
which continued a conſiderable time ; and at their return
they were treated in the ſame manner by Bow bells.
milder

HISTORY and SUR Ver of LONDON. -
3
66
66
milder in the city of London than in other places; “ my family. The religion and liberties of my
for about Chatham the darkneſs was accompanied people always have been, and ever ſhall be,
with one continual rolling of thunder for the ſpace " the conſtant objects of my care and attention.
of forty minutes, and the lightning was almoſt “ I ſhall at all times depend upon the aſſurances
inceffant, but at a great diſtance, for the ſame " which you give me of your allegiance and
ſpace of time. At Twickenham large trees were duty.”
torn up by the roots, ſtacks of chimnies were
blown down, and other damage done by the hur On the eighth of September another terrible
ricane that accompanied the darkneſs. About fire broke out at Shadwell-dock, which burnt
Reading ſeveral trees were torn up by the roots, thirty houſes before it could be extinguiſhed,
two ſheep were killed, and ſeveral people were among which was Stoker's brewhouſe, and ſeveral
beat down and terribly frightened. At Brithelm others of great value.
ſtone che ſtorm was very awful, and the oldeſt On the twenty-ninth of September, William
fiſhermen ſaid they had never ſeen any thing like Bridgen, efq; alderman of Farringdon without,
it in their memories. About Maidſtone in Kent, was elected Lord- mayor of London for the year
the hops ſuffered conſiderably by the ſtorm. But enſuing; at which time Mr. Beckford, the then
the moſt ſurprizing circumſtance that attended this Lord-mayor, roſe up, and addreſſed the livery
phænomenon was the ſudden fux and reflux of as follows:
the tide in Plymouth pool, which exactly corref-
ponded with the like agitation in the ſame place “ Gentlemen, and fellow citizens,
at the time of the great earthquake at Liſbon.
At Sheerneſs, ſome dreadful convulſions of nature “ You were pleaſed to do me the honour of
were apprehended. The windows expoſed to the electing me your firſt magiſtrate this day-
fury of the ſtorm were cruſhed to pieces; fowls “ twelvemonth, and I entered on that duty with
were killed by the hail and much damage done. “ diffidence and reluctance, being conſcious to
Her majeſty being ſafely delivered of a prince myſelf, that it was not in my power to execute
(afterwards chriſtened Frederick) the Lord-mayor, " ſo great a truſt with the affiduity and attention
aldermen, and common-council, on the twenty " that the dignity and importance of the office re-
fifth waited on his majeſty with the following quired; how far I have been able to go through
congratulatory addreſs on the occaſion:
it with any degree of propriety, you are the
only judges. Very great aſſiſtance I have ex-
To the king's moſt excellent majeſty, “ perienced from my brethren of the court of
" aldermen, and I ſhall always retain a grateful
The humble addreſs of the Lord-mayor, alder cs remembrance of their good-will towards me.
men, and commons of the city of London, in “ The time of my mayoralty draws near a
common-council aſſembled.
- concluſion ; and I can ſafely ſay, it will give
me more comfort and ſatisfaction of mind to
« Moſt gracious ſovereign,
quit, than it ever did to receive this high ho-
" We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal “ nour, the greateſt chat can fall to the ſhare of
fubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com a citizen. That ſatisfaction is increaſed by the
66 mons of the city of London, in common 66 reflection of being ſucceeded by a very worthy
5 council afſembled, moſt gladly embrace this alderman, for whoſe firmneſs, integrity, and
joyful occaſion of approaching your ſacred “ reſolution, I have the greateſt veneration : and
cs ſon, with our ſincereſt and warmeſt congratu-
66 indeed firmneſs and reſolution are at all times
« lations on the ſafe delivery of the queen, and s neceſſary in your firſt magiſtrate, eſpecially in
“ the auſpicious birth of another prince; firmly « times ſo critical and difficult as the preſent
“ truſting that every increaſe of your royal family | “ ſeem to be: however, I truſt that the old
56 will prove an additional ſecurity to our religion, good humour and good ſenſe of this great city
56 and that great charter of liberty, which, in « will ſet an example of moderation to the reſt
conſequence of the glorious revolution, your “ of the kingdom, and convince every impartial
s illuſtrious houſe was choſen to defend.
man that the duty and affection of the citizens
“ Your majeſty's ever loyal and faithful citi " of London to the beſt of kings, can be equalled
zens of London, exceeded by none of your “ only by their love of juſtice and of liberty,
ſubjects in honeſt and anxious zeal for your “ founded on the glorious principles of the revos
“ majeſty's happineſs, and the glory and proſpe-
66 lution.
rity of your reign, rejoice in every event, which • Permit me to take this opportunity of re-
sé augments your majeſty's domeſtic felicity. turning my ſincere acknowledgements to my
« Permit us, royal Sir, to intreat your ma « fellow-citizens, for all their favours conferred
" jeſty's acceptance of our faithful aſſurances, on me; and of afſuring them, that it ſhall be
« that we will, at all times, be ready, chearfully " the ſtudy of my life to ſupport che honour and
to render your majeſty, every inſtance of alle dignity of the crown, liberty, and confticution-
giance and duty, which affectionate and loyal « al independency of the people, and the rights
ſubjects can pay to the beſt of princes.” « and privileges of my fellow-citizens, always
keeping in remembrance that noble declaration
His majeſty's moſt gracious anſwer. “s of the great revolution patriots, That under
“ the houſe of Hanover only they could, and
“ I thank you for this loyal addreſs, and for “ under the houſe of Hanover they were deter-
o the fatisfaction you expreſs on the increaſe of e mined they would be free."
$
per-
On

392
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
On the ſixteenth of November à duel was both ſides, and a moſt maſterly, pathetic, and elo:
fought between Samuel Martin, eſq; member of quent charge given by his lordſhip, the jury gave
parliament for Camelford, and late ſecretary to a verdict for the plaintiff with one thouſand pounds
the treafury, and John Wilkes, eſq; when the damages, and full coſts of ſuit; on which the
latter was greatly wounded in the belly by a piſtol populace, as before, teftified their joy in the moſt
bullet. The wound, however, not proving mor extravagant manner.
tal, Mr: Wilkes ſoon after recovered.
On the evening of the day on which this ver-
On the eighteenth the tide in the river Thames dict was obtained, a perſon knocked at Mr.
at eleven o'clock, when it was flowing, ſuddenly Wilkes's door, deſiring to ſpeak with him on
ftopped, and ebbed for the ſpace of an hour; af particular buſineſs; but it appearing by his dialect
ter which it returned, and flowed the uſual that he was a Scotchman, and being beſides an
time.
entire ſtranger, he was refuſed admittance, on
A moſt violent ſtorm of wind and rain happen which he went to a coffee-houſe near Parliamento
ed on the ſecond of December, which did incredi- | ſtreet, where a perſon made affidavit, that he
ble damage in and about London, and in many overheard him declare, that himſelf and ten more
other parts of the kingdom. Several houfes were were determined to cut off Mr. Wilkes, let the
blown down, ſome people killed, many wounded,
event be what it would; and next morning gave
and buſineſs interrupted; chimnies in many parts information of it by a letter to Mr. Wilkes, de-
of the town fell upon the roofs; the roofs were firing him to be on his guard. According to the
ſtripped, and the ſtreets, during the violence of information, the perſon ſworn againſt, as was
the ſtorm, rendered impaſſable; part of the walls | ſuppoſed, bringing a letter to Mr. Wilkes's
of Hyde-park and Sadler's-wells gave way; trees houſe, figned Alexander Dun, the purpoſe of
were blown up by the roots; and the river which was to beg an interview with him on an af-
Thames roſe ſo high, that in many places it over fair of the moſt intereſting nature, he was deſired.
Howed its banks, filled cellars, and did immenſe to call again at one o'clock, which he did accord-
damage to the ſhipping and craft.
ingly; and ſeven o'clock being then appointed,
The next day, when the executioner, by order as he was going out at the parlour door, into Mr.
of both houſes of parliament, came to burn No. Wilkes's bedchamber, two gentlemen who had
45, of the North-Briton at the Royal-Exchange, placed themſelves behind it, ſeized him by the
there was ſuch a multitude gathered together upon arms, and threw him on his back. On ſearching
the occaſion, that the officers appointed to put the him a new pen knife was found in his pocket,
order into execution, were greatly interrupted in which he pretended he had purchaſed about nine
the performance of their duty. Not only the months ago, but after many equivocations, owned
executioner, the conftables, and the inferior offi he bought it at Chatham about a fortnight before.
cers were pelted with filth and dirt, but the chief | Upon this he was taken into cuſtody by a tipſtaff
officers preſent were inſulted in the groffeſt man then preſent for that purpoſe, was carried next
ner ; the fore-glaſs of Mr. Harley's chariot, (one morning before one of the judges; and a com-
of the city fheriffs, and a member of parliament plaint likewiſe exhibited againft him in the houſe
for the city of London, was broken by a billet of commons, who thereupon ordered the officer
thrown at his perſon, which was taken from the in whoſe cuſtody he was, to bring him to the bar;
fire that was kindled co conſume the North-Briton. but when he was there, the houſe diſcharged him
Mr. Harley being ſlightly wounded, and obſerv from any farther appearance, as it was evident
ing the ſpirit of licentiouſneſs that prevailed a from his behaviour, that he was diſordered in his
mong the multitude, haftened to the Manſion mind.
houſe to apprize the Lord-mayor of the danger. A little before this a complaint was exhibited
The executioner thinking it his duty to follow againſt Mr. Wilkes in the upper-houſe, for affix-
the high ſheriff, made his retreat likewiſe as ſoon ing the name of a member of that houſe, to a
after as he could; and the conſtables, moſt of book, intituled, “ An Eſſay on Woman,” which
their ſtaves being broken by the furious reſiſtance book was produced to the eternal diſgrace of all
they had made, mixed among the crowd, and concerned in it; but Mr. Wilkes could not prefer
marched off without further oppoſition. The his anſwer, being at that time indiſpoſed in con-
North-Briton, however, was partly conſumed by || ſequence of the wound he had received in the
means of a lighted link, on which it was placed,
duel with Mr. Martin. On which account the
by the zeal of the proper officers, but the remains houſe gave him time for his appearance, and af-
of it were reſcued from the flames by the violence terwards enlarged it on the report of his phyſician
of the aſſailants, who carried them off in tri and ſurgeon ; but beginning at laſt to ſuſpect
umph, and in the evening diſplayed them at ſome colluſion betwixt him and them, on the ſix-
Temple-bar, where a bonfire was made, and a teenth of December they ordered doctor Heber-
Jarge jack .boot committed to the flames inſtead den and Mr. Hawkins to attend him, in order to
thereof, amidſt the acclamations of a great con obſerve the progreſs of his cure, and to report
courſe of ſpectators.
the ſame to the houſe. Doctor Heberden ac-
Mr. Wilkes having commenced an action in quainted the phyſician with this order, and deſired
the court of common-pleas againſt Robert Ward, him to communicate it to Mr. Wilkes, that the
efq; the under ſecretary, for ſeizing his papers, time of attendance might be ſettled. Mr. Wilkes,
the fame was tried on the ſixth of December, be in conſequence of the intelligence received by
fore lord chief juſtice Pratt, and a ſpecial jury, him from his phyſician, diſpatched cards to the
at the defendant's requeſt; when, after an hearing two gentlemen appointed to attend him, ex-
of near fifteen hours, many learned arguments on preſſing his ſenſe of the kind care of the houſe
fos

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
393
for his ſpeedy recovery, intimating his perfect | ſurgeons, who attended him accordingly. The
reliance on the gentlemen to whom he had com reaſon Mr. Wilkes gave to thoſe cwo gentlemen
mitted his caſe, and aſſuring them, that though for ſending for them was, that as he found the
he did not wiſh to ſee them at preſent, he was houſe thought ir proper that he ſhould be watched,
impatient for an opportunity of inewing the juſt he himſelf thought two Scotchmen moſt proper
regard he would ever pay to diſtinguiſhed merit.
for his ſpies.
After Mr. Wilkes had acted in this fpirited We will not pretend to ſay whether the atten-
manner, he thought proper, in juſtification of the tion of the houſe had any happy effect on Mr.
characters of doctor Brockleſby his phyſician, and Wilkes's health, but he recovered fo faft, that on
Mr. Graves his furgeon, to ſend for doctor Dun the twenty-fourth of December he ſuddenly fer
can, one of his majeſty's phyſicians in ordinary, out for France to viſit his daughter, as he himſelf
and Mr. Middleton one of his majeſty's ſerjeant | gave out, then dangerouſly ill at Paris.
CHAPTER
XLVIIL
Violent form of wind. Marriage of princeſs Auguſta. City addreſs on the occaſion. Mr.
Wilkes expelled the houſe of commons. The common-council preſent lord chief juſtice Pratt
with the freedom of the city. The filk weavers petition bis majeſty againſt the importation
of foreign ſilks. Fire in St. James's-Square. Remarkable ſtorm of thunder and lightning.
Election of a chamberlain. Freedom of the city preſented to the duke of Glouceſter. Great
fire at Rotherhithe. Remarkable phenomenon in the air. Death of the duke of Cumber-
land.
T
HE year 1764 was introduced by a vio-
lent ſtorm of wind, on the fourteenth
of January, which did great damage to
houſes, trees, and ſhipping in the river. During
the ſtorm two dreadful fires broke, the one near
Hyde-park corner, and the other in Ratcliff-
Highway; at each of which feven houſes were
entirely conſumed.
On the evening of the ſixteenth the ceremony
of the marriage of her royal highneſs the princeſs
Auguſta, eldeſt ſiſter to his majeſty, with his
moſt ſerene highneſs the hereditary prince of
Brunſwick Lunenburgh, was performed in the
great council-chamber, by his grace the arch-
biſhop of Canterbury, in preſence of a great
number of peers, peereſſes, and foreign miniſters.
After the folemnization of the nuptials, their
ferene and royal highneſſes repaired to Leiceſter-
houſe, where was prepared an elegant entertain-
ment; at which their majeſties, the princeſs
dowager of Wales, and the reſt of the royal fa-
mily were preſent. On this joyful occaſion, the
right honourable the Lord-mayor, aldermen and
commons of the city of London, in common-
council aſſembled, waited on his majeſty, to whom
being introduced by earl Gower, lord-chamber-
lain, James Eyre, eſq; the recorder, made their
compliments in the following addreſs :
“ poſals for an alliance with a proteſtant family ſo
« illuſtrious ; and that a lady, whoſe amiable
" character is not more exalted by the dignity of
“ her birth than her private virtues, was deſtined
to be the happy partner of a prince, whoſe
“ eminent and diſtinguiſhed ſervices, during 2
" ſucceſsful and glorious war, will ever be re-
“ membered by every friend of true religion and
" public liberty.
<< Your majeſty's faithful citizens of London
" have ſeen, with gratitude, the conſtitution of
" this country, ſettled and eſtabliſhed by our
great deliverer king William, maintained and
improved by the illuſtrious houſe of Brunf-
« wick; and, therefore, they cannot ſufficiently
" applaud your majeſty's great wiſdom and good-
“ nefs in further ſtrengthening it by this happy
66 alliance.
“ May this marriage anſwer your majeſty's
“ warmeſt wiſhes and expectations; and may the
prince and princeſs be bleſſed with an offspring
truly worthy of fo royal and illuſtrious a de-
a ſcent!
“ Permit us to aſſure your majeſty of our firm
« attachment to your majeſty's facred perſon
" and government ; and of our conſtant endea-
vours, within our ſphere, to contribute to the
“ happineſs and proſperity of your majeſty's
reign.”
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to re-
turn the following moſt gracious anſwer :
“ May it pleaſe your majeſty, i isabi
« Graciouſly to accept our ſincere and dutiful
“ congratulations on the marriage of your ma-
jeſty's eldeſt ſiſter, her royal highneſs the prin-
6 ceſs Auguſta, with his moſt ferene highneſs the
« hereditary prince of Brunſwick Lunenburg,
“ It was with the utmoſt joy and ſatisfaction, that
we ſaw your majeſty's wiſdom yield to the pro-
33
My lord and gentlemen, tanam
" I return you my thanks for your dutiful
“ congratulations on the marriage of my fifter
" the princeſs Auguſta, with the hereditary prince
« of
GS

394
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
56
ment.
ment.
“ of Brunſwick Lunenburg; and am glad that “ ſential to the impartial adminiſtration of juſtice,
" this happy alliance gives ſuch general fatisfac " and one of the beſt ſecurities to the rights and
6 tion.
“ liberties of the ſubject,” this court, in mania
“ I receive, with pleaſure, your aſſurances of feſtacion of the juſt ſenſe of the firmneſs and in-
“ duty and affection to my perſon and govern tegrity of the right honourable Sir Charles Pratt,
The city of London may always de lord chief juſtice of his majeſty's court of .com
pend on my favour and protection."
mon pleas, doth direct, that the freedom of this
city be preſented to his lordſhip, and that he be
They afterwards waited on her royal highneſs deſired to ſit for his picture to be placed in Guild-
the princeſs dowager of Wales, and their ſerene hall, in gratitude for the honeſt and deliberate de-
highneſſes the prince and princeſs of Brunſwick, ciſion upon the validity of a warrant which had
to whom they reſpectively preſented their com been frequently produced to, but, ſo far as ap-
pliments of congratulation.
pears to this court, never debated in the court of
On the twentieth of this month the commons, King's-bench, by which he hath eminently dif-
after long debates, expelled John Wilkes, efq; tinguiſhed his duty to the king, his juſtice to the
for a contempt of their authority, and publiſhing | ſubject, and his knowledge of the law. This
the North-Briton, being adjudged an infamous example of the city of London in thanking and
libel; and iſſued vut a writ of election for Ayleſ- inſtructing their repreſentatives, in regard to ge-
bury in his room.
neral warrants, and thanking Lord chief juſtice
On the twenty-fifth his majeſty went to the Pratſ, and preſenting him with the freedom of the
houſe of peers, and gave, among others, the city, was followed by a great many corporations
royal afſent to the bill for naturalizing his ſerene and private companies in England.
highneſs the prince of Brunſwick, who was in On the twenty-fifth a treatiſe, intituled, “Droit
the houſe during his majeſty's ſtay. In the mean “ le Roy,” a rhapſody of all the prerogatives at
time her royal highneſs the princeſs of Brunſwick any time attributed to the kings of England, was
remained at Leiceſter-houſe, taking leave of the burnt by the common hangman at Weitminſter-
ladies of quality her intimates with the greateſt hall gate, and on the 27th at the Royal Exchange,
tenderneſs and fortitude. In the afternoon their purſuant to an order of both houſes of parlia-
highneſſes took leave of the company; when the
prince, on the populace expreſſing their ardent About this time an act of parliament paſied for
wiſhes for their highneſſes happinels and proſpe- the better regulating of buildings, and to prevent
rity, returned his prayers for the ſucceſs of the miſchiefs that may happen by fire within the
Britiſh nation, for which he faid he had already weekly bills of mortality, &c. by which ſo much
bled, and would again with pleaſure, on any fu of the act of 2. George I. for regulating build-
ture occaſion. Their highneſſes then deſcended ings, &c. as relates to party walls, ſhall extend to
the ſtairs to their coaches, amidſt an innumerable all caſes whatſoever within the city and liberty of
crowd of ſpectacors, who were waiting for their Weſtminſter, and within the pariſnes of St. Mary-
laſt farewell of their amiable princeſs; and the le-Bone and Paddington, and Chelſea and Sc.
people attended their departure with acclamations Pancraſs, when it ſhall be neceſſary to pull down
and tears.
and rebuild any party wall, whether cither of the
On the twenty-firſt of February came on at the adjoining houſes ſhall or ſhall not be, or require to
court of King's-bench, Weſtminſter, the trial of be, rebuilt, or new built; excepe che city of Lon-
John Wilkes, eſq; for reprinting and publiſhing | den and liberties thereof, and party-walls of houſes
the North-Briton No. 45, at his own houſe. The on the river Thameş below bridge. It then di-
trial laſted eight hours, and the jury, retiring an rects a ſurvey of the ſaid walls, and that upon a
hour and three quarters, returned, and brought || diſagreement of the ſurveyors it ſhall be lawful
in their verdict guilty. The court then proceed- || for two neighbouring juſtices of the peace to add
ed to the trial of Mr. Wilkes for printing and another to them: and that the ſaid wall viewed
publiſhing the Effay on woman, of which alſo by them may be pulled down and rebuilt, if the
the jury, after withdrawing about half an hour, || majority ſigns a certificate of ſuch wall being de-
found him guilty.
fective.
At a court of common-council held at Guild After which the ſaid act enacts, “ that all
" that all party
hall the ſame day, the thanks of the court were
“ walls to be erected or built within the ſaid city
ordered to be preſented to the repreſentatives of or liberty of Weſtminſter, and the pariſhes,
the city, for their zealous and ſpirited endeavours “ precincts and limits aforeſaid, ſall be two
to affert the rights and liberties of the ſubject, by « bricks and an half thick at the leaſt in the cellar,
their laudable attempt to obtain a ſeaſonable " and two bricks thick upwards to the garret
and parliamentary declaration. “ That a general “ floor, and from thence one brick and an half
“ warrant for apprehending and ſeizing the au “ thick, at leaſt, eighteen inches above the roofs
"thors, printers and publiſhers of a feditious li “ or gutters which adjoin to ſuch party-walls; and
“ bel, together with their papers, is not war " that the ſame ſhall be built of ſtone, or of good
" rantable by law ;” and to exhort them, in the " found burnt bricks, and none other.
warmeſt manner, ſteadily to perſevere in their duty " And that no timbers, except the timbers of
to the crown, and uſe their utmoſt endeavours to “ the girders, binding joiſts, and the templets
ſecure the houſes, papers, and perſons of the “ under the fame, ſhall be laid into the party-
fubject from arbitrary and illegal violations. Ar « walls erected or built, or to be erected or built,
the ſame time it was reſolved, thar, “ as the in “ within the ſaid city or liberty of Weſtminſter,
s dependency and uprightneſs of judges is ef " and the pariſhes, precincts, and limits afore-
« faid;

HISTORY and SUR Ver of LONDON.
395
per rod.
66
( ſaid ; and that no timbers of the roof be laid " and computed at and after the rate of 61. ios:
into ſuch party-walls, (except the purloins or
4 kerb thereof) and that the ends of girders, and ic Provided alſo, That in all caſes where any
" binding joiſts, lying within ſuch party-walls, s party-wall ſhall be erected or built, agreeable
ç ſhall not exceed nine inches; and that none of to the directions of this preſent act, in execu-
as the ends of the girders, or binding joiſts, in stion of any contract or contracts entered into
adjoining houſes, ſhall meet, or be laid oppo 56 with the builder or work man before the firſt
* ſite to each other; and that the ſides thereof day of July, 1964, the expence of ſuch party-
ſhall be, at leaſt, 14 inches diſtant from each " wall ſhall be eſtimated and computed at and
" other; and that there ſhall be nine inches, at “ after the rate of 61. ros. per rod; any thing
« leaſt, of ſolid brick-work left at or between the
" in ſuch contract or contracts to the contrary
« ends of all lentils, wall-plates, and bond-cim as thereof in any wiſe notwithſtanding."
bers, which may or ſhall be laid in or upon And be it further enacted, " That for the fur-
" the walls of the fore and back fronts of all " ther and better preventing the ſpreading of
“ houſes which ſhall adjoin to each other, on the “ fires, all houſes and other buildings, which
« penalty of 50l. on the head builder.
“ fhall be erected or built within the ſaid city or
" That no timber or timbers whatſoever ſhall liberty of Weſtminſter, and the pariſhes, pre-
“ be laid or placed under the hearth or hearths “ cincts, and limits aforeſaid, Ihall be built of
" of any room or rooms, or within nine inches " Itone, or of good, found, hard, well-burnt
~ of any funnel or few of any chimney or chim “ bricks, and none other, both in the fore front,
“ nies, of any houſe or houſes within the limits “ and back front thereof, from the breaſt-lumia
« aforeſaid ; and that no timber buildings what mer upwards, (and likewiſe the party-walls
“ foever ſhall be built adjoining to any houſe or “ thereof) and that ſuch breaſt-ſummer, in all
6 houſes fo as the timbers thereof ſhall be laid “ ſuch houſes or other buildings, ſhall not be
- into the wall of any ſuch houſe or houſes al “ higher than the floor of the one pair of ſtairs,
ready built, or hereafter to be built, within This act concludes with a clauſe directing,
« the limits aforeſaid, under the penalty of 50l. " That in all caſes where any of the rewards
“ That after any party-wall or party-walls ſhall “ ſhall be claimed by virtue of the ſtatute of the
"be erected or builc purſuant to the directions “ 6th of queen Anne, for engines brought to
“ of this act, no perſon or perſons whatſoever, “ 'help to extinguiſh fires, ſuch reward ſhall be
es who ſhall build againſt ſuch party-wall or par payable and paid in the fame manner to the
" ty-walls, ſhall, on any pretence whatſoever, keeper of any other 'engine, though not a pa-
co cut into or wound the ſame, for the convenience “ riſh-engine, who ſhall bring in ſuch engine in
" of making a chimney or chimnies, or for any “ good order and complete, to help and exçin-
" other purpoſe whatſoever; nor ſhall lay inco guiſh ſuch fire, in the fame manner as if ſuch
as the fame any other timbers than are allowed by “ engine was a pariſh engine.”
“ this act to be laid into new party-walls, under
“ the penalty of sol.
On the ſeventh of March Sir Thomas Harria
« That every maſter-builder who ſhall erect or ſon having waited on the right honourable che
66 build any houſe within the limits above men lord chief juſtice Pratt, and preſented to his lord-
e tioned, thall, within fourteen days, after the ſhip the freedom of the city of London in a gold
" fame fhall be covered in, cauſe the ſame to be box, purſuant to the order of common-council,
“ ſurveyed by one or more ſurveyor or ſurveyors; his lordſhip returned the following anſwer:
“ and ſuch ſurveyor or ſurveyors ſhall make
5 oath, before one or more of his majeſty's juſ-
s tices of the peace for the ſaid county of Mid.
6 dleſex or city of Weſtminſter, that the ſame “ It is impoſſible for me not to feel the moſt
“ hath been (to the beſt of his or their judgment " ſenſible pleaſure in finding my behaviour in the
" and belief) built and erected agreable to the " adminiſtration of juſtice approved by the city
• ſeveral directions in this act contained; which “ of London ; the moſt reſpectable body in this
(6 affidavit ſhall be filed with the clerk of the “ kingdom, after the two houſes of parliament.
for the ſaid county of Middleſex, within “ If they have been pleaſed, from any part of
« ten days after the making thereof; and if any my conduct, to entertain an opinion of my in-
a maſter-builder ſhall make default in the pre tegrity (the beſt quality of a judge) my utmoſt
c miſes, by neglecting to cauſe ſuch ſurvey to « ambition is ſatisfied; and I may venture, with-
« be made, or ſuch affidavit to be made and out the reproach of vanity, to take to myſelf
“ filed as aforeſaid, ſuch mafter-builder ſhall, for “ the character of an honeſt man, which the city
every ſuch neglect or default, forfeit the ſum c of London hath told me I am entitled to;
< of sol.
“ but they will give me leave, at the ſame time,
« Provided always, that in all caſes where any " to aſcribe it only to my own good fortune, that
party-wall within the ſaid city or liberty of “ I happened to be diſtinguiſhed upon the pre-
« Weſtminſter, and the pariſhes, precincts and “ fent occaſion beyond the reſt of my brethren ;
s límits aforeſaid, fhall, by virtue of the act of “ fince I am perſuaded, that, if they had been
“ the ir George I. and of this preſent act, be “ called upon as I was, they would have acted
pulled down and rebuilt, agreeable to the di << with the like conſcientious regard to their
« rections of this preſent act, by the owner or " oaths, and to the law of the land.
« occupier of one of the adjoining houſes, the “ Since, however, the city of London has
of expence of ſuch party-wall ſhall be eſtimated s now given me a reputation, I muſt take more
than
65
Sir,
« peace

396
HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
" than ordinary care to preſerve their gift by the dition ; the contractor being left behind, and caſt
66 ſtricteſt attention to my duty, knowing, that into a Dutch priſon, for debts he imprudently
“ the beſt way of thanking the public for ho contracted to carry this chimerical ſcheme into
nours like theſe is by perſevering in the ſame execution, without the leaſt countenance even of
“ conduct, by which their approbation was firſt a promiſe from the Britiſh court, to realize his
acquired."
agreement with the German emigrants : of which
incident there appeared the following intelligence
On the ninth of April many thouſand journey from the Hague gazette, on the thirty-firſt of
men filk-weavers went in proceſſion from Spital- || Auguſt laſt.
fields, and waited on his majeſty at the queen's
palace in St. James's park, with a petition, re « One - de S.-, who ſtiles himſelf a colo-
preſenting the miſerable condition themſelves and " nel in the ſervice of the king of Great-Britain,
families were reduced to, by the clandeſtine im having engaged a number of perſons to go into
portation of French filks. They waited before England, upon aſſurances which he gave them,
the court-yard, and two gentlemen, belonging " that he was authorized by his Bricannic majeſty
to that manufactory, had the honour to be intro "s to promiſe them ſettlements in America, and
duced to his majeſty's preſence; and preſent their " that they ſhould be carried there at the king's
petition, which his majeſty received in the moſt expence: in order to prevent his continuing to
gracious manner; and gave for anſwer that he impoſe upon the credulity of the public in this
would ſend immediate orders to put an entire ſtop reſpect, it is thought proper to advertiſe that
to the importation of French ſilks; that an affair " the faid S.-_was never authorized, as he pre-
of ſo much conſequence to the kingdom ſhould “ tends, to engage people for thoſe ſettlements,
be properly laid before the parliament, and nor to make any promiſes on the part of the
that he would do his utmoſt to procure them
« Britiſh miniſtry.”
redreſs.
A terrible fire broke out, on the fourteenth, at The poor half ſtarved Palatines, who were put
Mr. Naſh's in St. James's ſquare, which inftantly aſhore without a patron to provide for them, were
conſumed that houſe, and greatly damaged two not able to get entertainment or ſhelter from the
others. The fire ſpread fo rapid, that fix perfons || intemperature of the rainy ſeaſon, which, juſt at
periſhed in the flames.
that time, (about the middle of Auguſt) was
On the eighteenth of June happened in and very heavy. The men, with their wives, chil.
about London one of the greateſt thunder ſtorms dren, and infants, even their very women in la-
in the memory of man. Some buildings were bour, were driven to the neceſſity of lying in the
very much damaged, particularly the elegant open fields, without proviſions, without cover,
ſpire of St. Bride's-church, Fleet-ſtreet, which and without any friend or aſſiſtance, but what
was ſhattered ſo much, that it was obliged to be could be collected during this exigency for them
rebuilt. Several balls of fire were ſeen in the in German churches and chapels about this metro-
ſtreets at the fame time, but foon diſappeared | polis. All which is more fully and publickly de-
without doing any miſchief. Many perſons, how ſcribed by the clergyman, whoſe piety led him
ever, were hurt by the ſtones that few from the to miniſter to them in their great diſtreſs, and to
damaged buildings.
make their caſe known to the great and good,
In the month of Auguſt about fix hundred who had it in their power, and were ready to re-
Palatines, and other German proteſtants were lieve their almoſt deſpairing German brethren.
landed at the port of London, in the greateſt This clergyman wrote a letter to the printer of
diſtreſs; and were relieved with that generoſity
the Daily-advertiſer, who publiſhed it on the
which does honour to the Britiſh nation. Theſe thirtieth of Auguſt, in theſe words :
unhappy people were prevailed upon to leave “ I hope you will permit ine, by means of your
their own country, on the promife of a German paper, to inform thoſe who have the power to re-
officer, that on their arrival in England they ſhould dreſs it, of the very deplorable ſituation of the
be immediately provided with a paſſage to Britiſh poor unhappy Palatines lately arrived here from
America, and appointed to fettle ſome of our Germany. They are in number, men, women,
new acquiſitions on that continent. This delu and children, about fix hundred, conſiſting of
ſion aroſe from a pretence ſet up by one, who had Wurtzburghers and Palatines, all proteftants, and
no authority, as after appeared, to make a con were brought hither from their native country by
tract with them, or to procure them a ſettlement a German officer, with a promiſe of being imme-
in
any of our American plantations ; though the diarely fent to fettle, at his own expence, in the
poor deluded people had great reafon to hearken iſland of St. John and le Croix, in: America ;
to fuch propoſals, as were tendered to them, in but, by ſome inability, he has been obliged to
the name of a nation, which had always given decline the undertaking ; ſo that inſtead of their
them the preference in ſuch caſes, and could not being ſhipped off for thoſe places, ſome of them
poſſibly people and cultivate their new acquired have lain, during the late heavy rains, and are
deſerts, without a vaſt number of new hands. now lying in the open fields adjacent to this
However, they were deceived, and being em metropolis, without covering, without money,
barked by the contractor's contrivance, and and in ſhort, without the common neceſſaries of
brought to the port of London, they who were in life ; others lie languiſhing under the complicated
a condition to pay their paſſage, were permitted || evils of ſickneſs and extrenie want, at the Statute
to land , ſuch as had no money, were kept on hall in Goodman's-fields; and more than two
board, and both were reduced to a ſtarving con hundred remain on board the ſhip, which brought
them

HISTORY and SURVEY of LO-NDO N.
397
22
them over on account of their paſſage not being || lic, a brief account of the amazing ſucceſs with
paid for, where they are periſhing for want of which it hath pleaſed the Almighty God to bleſs
food, and rotting in filth and naſtineſs. Collec my endeavours therein for the ſervice of the dif-
tions have been made at the German churches and treffed Palatines ; and to teſtify their moſt grateful
chapels here feveral times, to afford them fome acknowledgments, as well as my own, to the
relief; but as the number of theſe poor creatures very benevolent inhabitants of this metropolis,
are ſo conſiderable, it is impoſſible, by ſuch means, for their exceeding liberal and ſeaſonable contri-
to furniſh them with a regular and continual ſup butions. When I reflect on the ſituation of theſe
ply, adequate to their wants; ſo that unleſs fome poor people at the time their caſe was related to
proviſion is very ſpeedily made for them, they the public, and the change that immediately ſuc-
muſt inevitably periſh. Theſe unfortunate peo ceeded, I am really loſt in wonder, and overcome
ple would think themſelves inexpreſſibly happy, with gratitude !
if the Engliſh government would be graciouſly
Before eleven in the morning, on which my
pleaſed to take them under its protection, to al. letter appeared, we received from the Tower, by
low them, for the preſent, ſome ground to lie on, order of a great perſonage, one hundred tents,
tents to cover them, and any manner of fub with all neceſſaries thereunto belonging ; by the
fiſtence, till it ſhall be thought proper to ſhip fame bountiful hand the freight of thoſe on board
them off, and ſettle them in any Engliſh colonies the ſhips was diſcharged, and they were releaſed
in America; where, I doubt not, they will give that day. The ſame morning a ſervant arrived
their protectors and benefactors conſtant proofs of expreſs from a lady at Illington with twenty
their affection and gratitude for ſuch kindneſs, by pounds. Mr. Baldero, banker in Lombard-ſtreet,
behaving as becometh honeſt, induſtrious, and ſent twenty-pounds. Shortly after the earl and
dutiful ſubjects, to the Britiſh government. I
counteſs of Cardigan ſent one hundred pounds,
take the liberty of thus expreſſing the hopes and ten guineas came from his grace the archbiſhop of
wiſhes of theſe wretched beings, as they have no Canterbury, ten guineas from David Berkeley,
friend to intercede for them, who has intereſt fuf eſq; and fons: ten guineas ſigned M. W. C. S.
ficient for ſuch an undertaking, or even a know-
From Batſon's coffee houſe, thirty-one pounds
ledge of the proper method of application. ten ſhillings, (nearly four hundred pounds have
That their diſtreſſes are unutterably great, I ſince been received from the ſame place): five
myſelf have been too often a mournful witneſs of, pounds five ſhillings from the Bedford coffee-
in my attendance on then to adminiſter the du houſe: a bank note No. K. 280, for 100l. and a
ties of my function ; with one inſtance of which great number of finaller donations. The contri-
I ſhall conclude this melancholy detail. One of
butions ſince the above have ſtill increaſed more
the poor women was ſeized with the pangs of la abundantly."
bour in the open fields, and was delivered by the Crowds of people reſorted to the place of
ignorant people about her in the beſt manner they their encampment, and, with hearts melted to
were able; but from the injury the tender infant compaſſion, gave them what they could ſpare ;
received in the operation, it died foon after I to the honour of a benevolent baker, let it be
baptized it; and the wretched mother, after remembered, that even before their caſe was
receiving the facrament at my hands, expired, known, paſſing by and perceiving their famiſhing
from the want of proper care and neceffaries ſuit condition, he beſtowed upon them his whole
able to her afflicting and truly lamentable condi baſket of bread! By theſe means they were
tion.
cloathed, their ſubſiſtence provided for, phyſi-
That the Almighty may, of his infinite mercy, cians, furgeons, and midwives, offered their
incline the hearts of the great and good of this
ſervice for the fick and thoſe in travail, for whom
kingdom, diſtinguiſhed for its charity and hoſpi warm apartments were hired. The committee of
tality, to take under their protection theſe their gentlemen choſen to manage the ſubſcription, upon
unhappy fellow-chriſtians, (who did not intrude | application to his majeſty, had a moſt gracious
themſelves into this country, but were invited anſwer by Lord Halifax, purporting that the Pa-
hicher) and ſend them whitherfoever they in their latines ſhould be ſent and eſtabliſhed in South
wiſdom and goodneſs ſhall think proper, is the Carolina, and that 150 ſtands of arms ſhould
moſt ardent prayer of their and your moſt obe be delivered out for their uſe; upon which they
dient ſervant,"
contracted for proper veſſels to carry them to that
G. A. WACHSEL, colony, and for their proviſion and maintainance
Miniſter of the German Lutheran St. George's in the voyage, and for a time after their ar-
church, in Little Ayloffe-ftreet.
rival.
The city of London in particular, and the na-
This information reached the ears of the great, , tion in general, having, about this time preferred
the noble, and the royal ; and penetrated their complaints in parliament, concerning the exor-
hearts with ſuch expedition and abundance of bitant price of proviſions ; his majeſty, in order
compaſſion, that teſtifies the truth of that paſſage to prevent all unlawful combinations for enhanc-
in holy writ, “the mercy of God is over all his ing the price of proviſions, and encourage thoſe
“ works.” Of which the reverend Mr. Wachfel who might diſcover any concerned in ſuch illegal
publiſhed the following account, September 5. practices, promiſed to all perſons who ſhould diſ-
cover, or cauſe to be diſcovered ſuch offenders,
" Your readineſs in giving a place to my letter ſo as to be convicted, a reward of one hundred
of Thurſday laſt, emboldens me to entreat that || pounds, to be paid out of the treaſury, without
you would ſuffer me to communicate to the pub- l) any other warrant in that behalf. When the
34
merchants
5 H

398
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
6c
1202
merchants petition, touching the above complaint, “publickly to declare, whether I have gof, or
was preſented to one of the ſecretaries of ſtate, a have been promiſed, the receiverſhip of the
council was immediately called, and after an exa "land-tax.” Now, gentlemen, this is a queſtion
mination of evidence, his majeſty directly ordered that no man has a right to aſk me. As to anſwer
his royal proclamation to be iſſued as abovemen the public news papers any thing I find relative
tioned.
to me, it is my determined refolution never to
On the twenty eighth of September, there was do it, unleſs it is figned by a reputable perſon:
the higheſt tide in the river Thames that had been but, gentlemen, if it will be the leaſt ſatisfaction
known for many years. Great damages were done to any one of the candidates, or to any particular
by the filling of cellars, and overflowing of the liveryman, it is a reſpect that I ſhall be glad to
Tow marſhes. Several ſhips were daſhed againit ſhew them, and am both willing and ready to de-
each other by the violence of the wind; and in clare here, what I have repeatedly done both
many houſes near the river the waters roſe wo publickly and privately for this week paſt, that
feet in the ground floors.
I have neither myſelf, or any perſon for me, to
About ten o'clock at night, on the twenty my knowledge, ſollicited for the receiverſhip of
fourth of November, a dreadful fire broke out the land-tax; nor has it ever been offered me.
in the workſhop of a fnuff-maker in Alderſgate But that I may be clearly underſtood, (for in every
ſtreet, which conſumed that and ſeveral other part of my conduct I love to be open and ex-
houſes, together with the timber-yard of Mr. plicit) I do declare that if it ſhould be the inten-
Hatton, valued at ſeveral thouſand pounds. tion and reſolution of adminiſtration to ſeparate
Many perſons were hurt, and ſome loft their the receiverſhip of the land-tax, from the office
lives.
of chamberlain of London, and it ſhould be of
On the fourth of December her royal highneſs fered to me, I ſhall think myſelf as much at li-
the princeſs Augufta, ſiſter to his majeſty, and berty to accept of it, as any one citizen of Lon-
confort to his ſerene highneſs the hereditary prince don."
of Brunſwick, was fafely delivered of a princeſs,
to the great joy of that ancient line, as well as On caſting up the books at the cloſe of the
univerſal pleaſure of her native country.
poll on the twenty-fifth the numbers appeac-
During the courſe of this month, the weather ed as follows:
proved extremely boiſterous, by which many
ſhips were wrecked, and other very conſiderable
For Mr. Alderman Janſſen
1316
damage was ſuſtained both by fea and land.
Mr. Alderman Turner
The firſt remarkable circumſtance which hap.
Mr. Till
250
pened in the year 1765, was, the election of a
Mr. Deputy Ellis
229
chamberlain of the city of London, in the room
Mr. Freeman
180
of the late Sir Thomas Harriſon, which came
on at Guildhall the fifteenth of January. The In conſequence of which the former was de-
candidates were, Mr. alderman Janſſen, Mr. al clared dulyelected.
derman Turner, Mr. Bonus, Mr. deputy Ellis, Mr. Alderman Janſſen then came forward, and
Mr. Freeman, Mr, deputy Long, and Mr. Till. addrefled the livery, to the following purpoſe :
On holding up of hands, the ſheriffs ſaid they
were doubtful which of the two aldermen had « Gentlemen and fellow citizens,
the majority, and therefore deſired they might be
put up a ſecond time, which being done, they « The honour you have conferred, by elect-
declared in favour of Mr. alderman Janſſen ; but ing me to the important office of chamberlain
a poll was demanded in behalf of Mr. alderman " of this city, calls for my moſt grateful ac-
Turner, Mr. Ellis, Mr. Freeman, Mr. Long, 66 knowledgments for fo ſignal a mark of your
and Mr. Till. After which Mr. alderman Janſſen
C6 favour.
made a very polite ſpeech to the livery, returning " While many of you, gentlemen, have moſt
them thanks for the great honour conferred on 66 affectionately recollected my former endea-
him, and hoped they would ſupport their choice "vours to deſerve your notice, and have been
by the poll.
s pleaſed to call me forth, to offer my ſervices
When Mr. Janſſen had finiſhed his ſpeech, Mr. C on this occaſion, I muſt confeſs I was too back-
alderman Harley (who had been called upon in an “ ward in complying; and not for want of an
advertiſement on the Monday preceding, to de " ardent deſire to accept your kind invitation,
clare whether he had not received or been pro-
" but from a diffidence, natural to one in my,
miſed the general receiverſhip of the land-tax for
66 fituation.
this city and county of Middleſex) roſe up and “ It was therefore an additional honour to me,
addreſſed himſelf to the livery as follows:
" to have been thus rouſed in my ſtate of obfcu-
rity, and to have been compelled (as it were)
cc Gentlemen, and fellow-citizens,
“inco your ſervice; an obligatior, greatly height:
“ ened by the uncommon unanimity, and remark-
“ I am always happy to meet you, when aſſem “ able generoſity, manifeſted towards me at ſo
bled here ; particularly when any part of my “ intereſting a juncture; it having been out of
conduct is called in queſtion. I now find myſelf my power to bias, or in the leaſt to influence,
called upon in a very extraordinary manner, by “ the fuffrage of any one of you
in
my
behalf.
a news-writer in the name of the ſeveral candi " It has given me a ftill greater ſatisfaction,
dates for the office of chamberlain of this city, " that your fortitude alone could have afforded
16
6 me

HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
399
« mies.
“ me the opportunity of diſproving the fallity “ which ſhall be brought to him, to be meaſured
« of thoſe many baſe and inveterate aſperſions " and ſized with the ſtandard in his cuſtody, and
of my private enemies, to leſſen and depreciate - ſhall then cauſe the ſame, and every of them,
“ me in the eſteem of my fellow citizens; but I « to be plainly and apparently ſigned, ſtamped,
" am inclined to hope, that even thoſe will now 66 and marked with W. R. and a crown, for
s become my friends, who, through miſinfor " which they ſhall not receive above one far-
66 mation, were before induced to be my ene thing for each meaſure, on pain of 51. to be
«s recovered as aforeſaid ; and he ſhall alſo pay
" I ſhall trouble you no further, gentlemen, “ to the party grieved treble damages, with coſts,
« than to aſſure you, I will do my utmoſt to con " by action at law;" the Lord-mayor, in purſu-
“ vince you, by a faithful and aſſiduous atten ance of this act, fum moned the publicans under
“tion to the truſt you have ſo generouſly repoſed his juriſdiction, for ſelling beer in pots that were
" in me, that you have not miſplaced your con not ſealed with the city mark, according to law.
6 fidence."
On which occaſion a great number of publicans
were obliged to pay the penalty of ios, each.
This gentleman having reduced his circum On the firſt of May, a great number of jour-
ſtances, by his connections with ſeveral public neymen weavers, (jealous that they ſhould not
fpirited plans, had for ſome years lived in obſcu receive the aid they petitioned for to both houſes
rity, and abridged himſelf of every ſuperfluity, of parliainent) with a black flag carried before
gradually to compenſate the loſs of his creditors. them, accompanied by their wives and children,
Such was his modeſty, that he was not without went up to St. James's, to repreſent to his ma-
much difficulty prevailed upon to offer himſelf a jeſty their diſtreſſed condition for want of work,
candidate for the vacant poft; but merit over. occaſioned by the importation of French filks,
came every obſtacle, and his grateful fellow-citi and other foreign goods. Their majeſties being
zens exulted in an opportunity of publickly ho. gone for Richmond before they reached Se.
nouring a man, who had given ſuch abundant and James's, moſt of them went to Richmond, where
uncommon proofs of his integrity.
one of the lords in waiting, brought them word
On the fourteenth of February Mr. John Wil. from his majeſty, that he would do all in his
Jiams, bookſeller, was, purſuant to his ſentence,
power for their relief.
brought from the King'sbench priſon, to ſtand in The lord-mayor and court of aldermen, at
the pillory in New-palace-yard, Weitminſter, for Guildhall, having notice of the above large body
re-publiſhing the North Briton in volumes. A of weavers going up to St. James's, diſpatched
few minutes after twelve he mounted amidſt the orders to the beadles of the ſeveral wards, to
acclamations of upwards of ten thouſand people, ll give notice to the conftables in every pariſh, to
who maintained an inceſant ſhout during the repair to their reſpective watch-houſes, with affiſt-
hour of his ſtanding. Oppoſite to the pillory ance, and there to remain till further orders, to
were erected four ladders, with cords running prevent any riots that might happen.
from each other, on which were hung a jack boot, On the ſixteenth they proceeded to St. James's
an axe, and a Scotch bonnet. The two latter, again ; and, poſſeſſed with an opinion, that the
after remaining there ſome time, were burnt, and good effect of their petition had been prevented,
the boot beheaded. During his ſtand alſo, a in a great meaſure, by his grace the duke of
purple purſe ornamented with orange coloured Bedford, they went in a very riotous manner to
ribbons, was produced by a gentleman eminent Bloomſbury-ſquare, with ſuch threatenings of
for his patriotiſm, who began a collection for the vengeance, that it was thought neceſſary to ſend
benefit of the culprit; after which, the purſe for a ſtrong military force, to prevent their miſ-
being carried round, every one contributed ac chievous intentions. They, by this means, were
cording to pleaſure, to the amount in the whole, || diſperſed ; but on the ſeventeenth, in the morn-
as was ſuppoſed, of more than two hundred || ing, they aſſembled again, by beat of drum, in
guineas. He had a ſprig of laurel in his hand all Spital-fields, to the number of more than thirty
the time, and received, on this occaſion, greater thouſand, from whence they proceeded, in three
and louder marks of the public applauſe, than large bodies, to Weſtminſter. One corps took
would, perhaps, have been given to a foreign the rout of Gracechurch-ſtreet and London-
prince, at the head of a victorious army.
bridge, from whence they paſſed over St. George's-
In the month of April, William, lord Byron, fields. Another corps marched along Ludgate-
was tried by his peers in Weſtminſter, for the hill, and the Strand, while the third proceeded
murder of Mr. Chaworth, in a duel at the Star by way of Holborn and Covent-garden. When
and Garter tavern in Pall-mall; when, after a uniced again in Weſtminſter, the crowd was ſo
learned diſcuſſion of the caſe, the peers adjourn- || great, that the members could hardly get to
ed to their own houſe, and after ſome conſidera their reſpective houſes. All Old Palace-yard,
tion returned, when they found his lordſhip guilty New Palace-yard, and the ſtreets adjoining, quite
of felony, but not of murder.
as far up as Weſtminſter-bridge, were filled with
The law having declared by the 11 and 12 theſe poor petitioners, beſides multitudes of others
William III.
C. 15. ſec. 5. . Th
" That every mayor,
that were in the Park. Before them, in their
« or chief officer of every city, town corporate, march, flags of various colours were borne by the
cs borough, or market town, ſhall, on requeſt to women, particularly a French ſilk handkerchief,
“ him made, cauſe all ale-quarts and ale-pints, with a golden border on it, and a croſs of gold
« made of wood, earth, glaſs, horn, leather, in the middle; a large piece of French ſpotted
pewter, or other good and wholeſome metal, || Gilk, ſaid to have been procured from the ſhop of
a
a mercer

408
HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
man.
a mercer in town, and three or four pieces of || fore Mr. Carr's houſe, but happily the night
French lace, &c. The men wore red cockades paſſed without any farther diſorder.
and ſhreds of filk in their hats. In Weftminſter, A court of aldermen had previouſly met the
they ſtopped the carriages of the members, as morning before, to confult on proper niethods for
they went to the houſe, praying them to take preventing the ill conſequences that might ariſe
pity on the poor weavers, but behaved in all other from fo large a body of people daily affembling,
reſpects with the greateſt good order. To pre a party of guards from the Tower, did duty all
vent any tumult, however, the firſt troop of che night of the fixteenth, in Moorfields; ano-
horſe-guards, with a party of horſe-grenadiers, ther party had been ſent for the ſame night to
and three companies of the foot-guards, all un Spitalfields, on account of the mob breaking the
der arms, and headed by their proper officers, windows there of ſome maſter-weavers, who were
were ordered from the parade to Old Palace-yard, reported to have had French filks in their houſes,
where they were drawn up in two lines before particularly of one in Princeſs-ſtreet, whoſe win-
Weſtminſter-hall, to clear the paſſage for the dows were entirely demoliſhed. And early on the
members to get to the houſe. They continued ſeventeenth, another party of guards, attended
afſembled till near four o'clock, when being in by a great number of conſtables, headboroughs,
formed by their heads, that hand-bills would be &c. marched from Hicks's-hall to Moorfields, to
diſtributed next day, which would allay all their be at hand againſt any further riots.
fears, and every other neceſſary ſtep be taken for Their principal orator was one Jones, a Welſh-
their advantage, they were recommended to fe-
This perſon received the meſſage when
parate peaceably, and accordingly began their they were at St. James's, after which he drew his
march home again ; ſo that by five, the ſtreets brethren off to the Green-park, and ſignified what
round Weſtminſter-hall were entirely cleared of had paſſed from a tree. He alſo made a long
chem. Sir John Fielding, and his brother juſtices | harangue to them in Old Palace-yard, perſuading
had attended at the New Guildhall all the time; them to diſperſe, and ſeemed to conduct himſelf
at which place there was alſo a conference between with a good deal of modeſty and decorum; he
the chieftains of the weavers, to the number of || perſonally having no other view in taking the lead
about four hundred, their maſters, and the mer on that occaſion, but to keep his brethren from
cers, when it was agreed by the latter, immedi- || running into any exceſs that might be conſtrued
ately to recall all their contracts for foreign goods, a breach of the laws, or diſaffection to the go-
and ſet the journeymen inſtantly to work. But vernment, as he himſelf declared.
though this had ſo good an effect, that it contri About this time the court of common.council
buted, perhaps, more than any thing elſe, to diſ voted the freedom of the city, in a gold box, to
perſe them; yet, in their return, they ſaid they the duke of Glouceſter ; previous to which the
ſhould not depend entirely upon promiſes, and Grocers preſented his royal highnefs with the
talked of getting the watermen to join them. A
freedom of their company.
body of them even went to Bloomſbury-ſquare,
Between fix and ſeven o'clock in the evening,
where they pulled down the ſtone poſts, and part on the firſt of June, a dreadful fire broke out in
of the wall, before the duke of Bedford's houſe, a maſt-yard near Rotherhithe church, which in
with the rails in the road to Fig-lane, beſides a few hours conſumed upwards of two hundred
ploughing up the ground in the middle of the and ſix houſes. It alſo burnt the inſide of a brigg ;
ſquare, and doing other damage. Theſe outra but the wind driving the flames off from the wa-
ges being apprehended to be dangerous, a party ter-ſide, there was no other damage done to the
of the horſe-guards had been added to the foot, || 'hipping, which otherwiſe, in all probability,
which had been placed there the night before ; would have greatly ſuffered. The fire was ſaid
but the nob was ſo unruly, that they tore up
the to have been occaſioned by a pitch-kettle boiling
very pavement to ſupply them with ſtones to pelt over, which ſet the maſts and timber in the yard
the guards : in conſequence of which much miſ all in flames. Great contributions were made in
chief was done, many of the ſoldiers were cut the city for the relief of the ſufferers; and ſo
and wounded, and ſeveral of the people trampled || generouſly, that it exceeded the ſums required to
down by the horſes. Theſe outrages continued
reſtore their loffes. And on the twenty-firſt,
a great part of the night.
about ten o'clock at night, another dreadful fire
Another party went to Mr. Carr's, a ſilk mer broke out in the fail-cloth warehouſe of Mr.
cer, on Ludgate-hill, where they demoliſhed the Bovan, at Gun-dock, Wapping, which, in a few
windows, broke the lamps at the door, and did hours, deſtroyed that and about thirty dwelling-
other miſchief. In conſequence of this, between houſes, beſides warehouſes and other out-build,
ſeven and eight o'clock, the lord-mayor, attended ings. A ſhip in Gun-dock took fire, but by cut-
by the ſheriffs, recorder, city-marſhal, and ſword ting away the maſts, &c. was faved. Moſt of the
bearer, with a number of peace-officers, repaired || poor inhabitants loſt their all, and ſeveral had
to the ſpot; but his lordſhip was obliged to leave their arms and legs broke in endeavouring to ſave
his coach in St. Paul's church-yard, from whence their children.
he proceeded on foot to Mr. Carrºs, when the re By a general act of parliament paſſed this fef-
corder told the populace, that unleſs they diſperf- || fion, all waggons and carts, with nine inch wheels,
ed, the riot act ſhould be read. His lordſhip | paſſing through any turnpike gate or bar, after
then repaired to the Globe-tavern in Fleet-ſtreet, the twenty-fourth of June, are to pay full toll,
and attended there with his brethren for ſome time. unleſs they are ſo conſtructed as to roll a ſurface
About nine in the evening, a ſtrong party of of ſixteen inches, and in that caſe only half toll;
horſe, with another of foot, were drawn up be and all narrow wheels are to pay one-half toll
more

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
401
66
me.
66
more than the nine inch wheels, except carts and ment to it, cannot but be very agreeable to
carriages drawn by one horſe and two oxen, and
I have nothing ſo much at heart, as the
no more, having fix inch wheels. And no per “ welfare and happineſs of my people; and have
ſon, by virtue of any act of parliament, is to “ the greateſt ſatisfaction in every event that may
have claim, or take the benefit or advantage of “ be an additional ſecurity to thoſe civil and re-
any exemption from tolls, unleſs the fellies of the gious liberties upon which the proſperity of
wheels are nine inches broad.
" theſe kingdoms depend,”
About this time the inhabitants of the city of
London and its ſuburbs were greatly alarmed, by The above addreſs was but ill received by the
many incendiary letters, threatening fire and de new miniſtry, who thought themſelves highly re-
ſtruction, which had been dropped in many parts
flected on.
of London. No leſs than ſeven or eight trains On the twenty-fifth, about four o'clock in the
laid for this deſperate purpoſe, were diſcovered morning, a fire broke out at a houſe oppoſite the
and defeated within a few weeks. Several of the Ship tavern, Ratcliff-croſs, which conſumed be-
incendiaries were taken into cuſtody, and the ut tween twenty and thirty houſes, and did confider-
moſt precaution ueſd to prevent the execution of able damage to many others. The Aames - were
their horrid deſigns.
fo rapid, that moſt of the inhabitants loſt all
Her majeſty being ſafely delivered of a prince their effects, to the amount of twenty thouſand
on the twenty-firſt of Auguſt (afterwards chrif pounds.
tened by the name of William Henry) the Lord About nine o'clock at night, on the eighth of
mayor, aldermen and common-council waited on October, a moſt extraordinary phænomenon ap-
his majeſty, the twenty-eighth with the following | peared in the air over the city of London. At
congratulatory addreſs on the occaſion :
firſt a ſtrong light was ſeen on the gravel and pav-
ed walks in the Temple, bright enough to pick
The humble addreſs of the Lord-mayor, alder up a pin; which ſurprize was encreaſed on the
men, and commons of the city of London, in beholders looking upwards, when a globe of rud-
common-council aſſembled.
dy fire was ſeen defcending from a great altitude
over Temple-bar, as large as the full moon a lit-
“ Moſt gracious ſovereign,
tle after her riſing; and taking its courſe ob-
liquely towards the river Thames, as if it would
" We your majeſty's ever loval and faithful have fallen therein, but coming low and over the
ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com fame, it ſhot itſelf into a ſheet of fire, with one
c mons of the city of London, in common-coun edge turned towards the water, in the form of a
s cil aſſembled, humbly beſeech your majeſty to boy's kite, with head, wings and tail, appearing
accept our moſt ſincere and dutiful congratula half as long, and in one part twice as broad, as.
" tions on the ſafe delivery of the queen, and the Fleet-ſtreet. It fell or vaniſhed on the Souch-
“ auſpicious birth of another prince.
wark ſide of the water, in a yellow fire, to the
“ The joyful event of an increaſe in your ma ſurprize not only of all the watermen there on that
jeſty's illuſtrious family, will always be grate part of the river, but of all the ſpectators, who
“ fully conſidered by' us as a further ſubſtantial declared they had never beheld the like appeara
ſecurity to the civil and religious liberties of ance before.
<< this your majeſty's free and native country. At a court of common-council held at Guilda
« Every addition to your majeſty's domeſtic hall, on the fifteenth of October, it was reſolved
es happineſs fills our hearts with the higheſt plea to preſent the freedom of the city, in a gold box,
“ fure and ſatisfaction; and fully confiding that to his ſerene highneſs the hereditary prince of
your majeſty's royal ſentiments ever coincide Brunſwick. And on the twenty-ſecond they agreed
56 with the united wiſhes of your faithful people, to grant, as a benefaction to the ſociety of arts
we gladly embrace every opportunity of teſti and ſciences in the Strand, the ſum of five hun
< fying our joy, and laying our congratulations dred pounds.
at your majeſty's feet.
To ſo great a height was the ſpirit of mono-
« Permit us, therefore, royal Sir, to aſſure poly and oppreſſion got at this time, that the
your majeſty, that your faithful citizens of very retailers of milk, in and about this metro-
" London, from their zealous attachment to your polis, attempted to raiſe the price of that com-
royal houſe, and the true honour and dignity || modity from three-halfpence to two-pence half-
« of your crown, whenever a happy eſtabliſh penny a wine quart, which they purchaſe at a
- ment of public meaſures ſhall preſent a favour penny Wincheſter meaſure ; and in ſome parts
• able occaſion, will be ready to exert their ut they carried their point; though the price was
“ moſt abilities in ſupport of ſuch wiſe councils afterwards ſettled at two-pence the quart.
as apparently tend to render your majeſty's At a very numerous meeting of the grand jury,
reign happy and glorious.”
and other principal inhabitants of the borough of
Southwark, at their Town-hall, it was unani-
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to mouſly agreed to give the following inſtructions
return this moſt gracious anſwer:
to their members :
66
“ I thank you for this dutiful addreſs. Your
« congratulations on the further increaſe of my
« family, and your aſſurances of zealous attach.
To Sir Joſeph Mawbey, bart. and Henry
Thrale, eſq; repreſentatives in parliament for the
town and borough of Southwark.
Gentlemen,
34
34 20
51

402
HISTORY and SUR ver of LONDON .
« Gentlemen,
of lords, in a hearſe drawn by fix white horſes,
adorned with white feathers. The next evening,
c. We, the grand jury for the town and bo about ten o'clock, a fignal from Weſtminſter-
6 rough of Southwark, and other's the inhabi bridge, by the firing a ſky-rocket, was given,
tants thereof, this day aſſembled in the Town that the funeral proceffion of his royal highneſs
« hall, ſenſibly touched with the juſt complaints was begun, which ſignal being anſwered by ano-
" of the poor of this borough, as well as of thoſe ther from the centre arch of London-bridge, mi-
«' of the nation in general, occaſioned by the nute guns were immediately fired at the Tower,
preſent enormous price of every neceſſary of and ſo continued, until, by ſecond ſignals from the
“ life, and the almoſt total ſtagnation of many ſame places, it was known the funeral ceremony
66* valuable branches of our manufactures in con was ended. The great bells in ſeveral of the
« ſequence thereof, think we ſhould be wanting churches in London and Weſtminſter alſo conti-
us in the duty we owe to our fellow-inhabitants, nued to toll, until the funeral was over.
“ did we not employ every means in our power The proceſſion was made through Old Palace.
66 to procure a removal of this national evil. yard to the ſouth-eaſt door of the abbey, upon a
" Actuated by theſe motives, gentlemen, we floor railed in, covered with black cloth, and
s take this early opportunity to inſtruct you, our lined on each ſide with a party of the foot-
repreſentatives in the great council of the land, | guards.
* to uſe your utmoſt efforts, and influence to at At the entrance of Weſtminſter abbey, within
es tain this falutary purpoſe, and as we apprehend the church, the dean and prebendaries attended
nothing will ſo readily effect this, as the imme. by the choir, received the body, falling into the
" diate prohibition of the exportation of all ſort proceſſion juſt before the officer of arms, who
" of grain, that of bread corn more eſpecially (to conducted the lord-chamberlain ; and ſo pro-
" the current price of which indiſpenſable necef ceeded into king Henry VIIth's chapel, where
« ſary of life, that of every other article bears ſo the body was depoſited on treſſels, the head to-
great a proportion) we do hereby require and wards the altar: the coronet and cuſhion being
intruſt you to exert your beſt endeavours in laid upon the coffin, and the canopy held over it,
“ parliament to obtain ſuch prohibition, or ſuch while the ſervice was read by the dean of Weſt-
" other wholeſome law as the body of the legif minſter ; the chief mourner and his two ſup-
“ lature fhall in its wiſdom judge moſt expedient porters, fitting on chairs, at the head of the
to put a ſtop to this crying grievance.
corpſe ; the lords aſſiſtants, and ſupporters of the
“ In giving you theſe inſtructions, gentlemen, pall fitting on ſtools on either ſide.
we firmly believe that we ſpeak your own fen The part of the ſervice before the interment
“ timents, who, as perſons of generoſity and being read, the corpſe was depoſited in the vault,
6s humanity, cannot but feel for the diſtreſſes of and the dean having finiſhed the burial ſervice,
Garter proclaimed his royal highneſs's ſtyle as
follows:
On the thirty-firſt of October, between ſeven
and eight o'clock in the evening, his royal high Thus it hath pleaſed Almighty God to take
neſs William, duke of Cumberland, died ſud out of this tranfitory life, unto his divine
denly at his houſe in Upper Groſvenor-ſtreet. mercy, the late moſt high, moſt mighty, and
His royal highneſs was at court in the morning, moft illuſtrious prince William Auguſtus,
dined with lord Albemarle in the afternoon, and duke of Cumberland, and duke of Brunſ-
drank tea with the princeſs of Brunſwick at St. wick and Lunenburgh, marquis of Berk-
James's ; from whence he came to his own houſe hamſtead, earl of Kennington, viſcount Tree
in the evening, to be preſent at a council to be maton, baron of the iſle of Alderney, knight
held on affairs of ſtate. As ſoon as he came in, of the moſt noble order of the garter, and
he complained of a pain in the ſhoulder, with a firſt and principal companion of the moſt
cold and ſhivering fit, and deſired to be laid on honourable order of the bath, ſecond ſon ot
the couch, which was done ; but in about twenty
his late moſt excellent majeſty king George
minutes after expired without the leaſt ftruggle. the fecond.
On opening the body there was found in the
right ventricle of the brain, a coagulation of ex Twenty-one pieces of artillery were drawn into
travaſated blood, about the ſize of a pidgeon's the park, and fired minute guns during the cere-
egg, which was the cauſe of his death. All the mony ; and three battalions, viz. one of each
noble parts were found, except the membrane be regiment of guards, were drawn up in St. Mar-
tween the lobes of the brain, which was offified. garet's church-yard, and fired vollies, on a ſignal
His royal highneſs gave near fix thouſand given, as ſoon as the corpſe was depoſited.
pounds a year in private charity: and though he A very eminent hiſtorical writer gives the fol-
did not allow his workmen at Windſor (where he lowing character of the above illuſtrious prince :
generally reſided) greater wages than the reſt of " A review of his life, ſays he, will afford a moſt
the country, he allowed them every day at noon ſhining example of patriotiſm, valour, juſtice,
table beer, and bread and cheeſe, and generally “ friendſhip, ſincerity and humanity. Inflexibly
twice a week a hot dinner. This his royal high “ attached to the intereſt of his country, he
nefs called Old Engliſh hoſpitality.
braved every danger, nor indulged a thought
On the eighth of November, the body and urn “ of life, when called on his fovereign's duty.
of his royal highneſs were conveyed from Grofa Patriotic from principle, he gave fanction to
venor-ſquare to the prince's chamber in the houſe << wiſe and conſtitutional meaſures; nor feared
o the poor.
to

HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
403
ment.
two cats.
to difcountenance the ſchemes of oppreſſion, ſtill alive under the rubbiſh, ventured among them
's ambition and avarice. Conſcientiouſly juít, he the next day, before the fire was quite extin-
“ rewarded merit irreſpective of rank, nor ſuf guiſhed, and, waving his hat upon the top of a
« fered the dignified minion to eſcape his refent pile of ruins to engage the attention of the ſpec-
Refined in his friendſhip, he ſweetened tators, declared that he was fure many were ac-
* life by a judicious ſelection of worthy men tually under the ſpot on which he ſtood. Upon
to partake at his hoſpitable board, and amuſe this the firemen, with their pick-axes, came to
" his leiſure hours with an unreſerved affability their aſſiſtance, and dug out alive two men, three
ot of converſe. Inviolably ſincere, he never pro women, a child about
ſix years old, a dog and
so miſed without deliberation, or the moſt punc-
The next day as ſome workmen were
5 cual performance of his engagements. Above clearing out the cellar of a tobacconiſt, whoſe
all, ſympathetically humane, and extenſively houſe had been burnt, a ſtack of chimnies fell
generous, his royal heart never failed to feel, fuddenly, by which eight perſons loſt their lives,
nor his royal hand to relieve the diſtreſſes of and ſeveral had their limbs cruſhed in a moſt
« his fellow creatures, of every age, ſex, and ſhocking manner. Subfcriptions were imme-
• condition. Nay, he fought opportunities for diately ſet on foot for the relief of the uninſured
doing good, and ſtudied plans for the em fufferers by this fire, and ſoon produced 30001.
s ployment of the poor. With theſe virtues to of which his majeſty was pleaſed to contribute
“ preponderate, his foibles may be eaſily con 1000l. the grocers and ironmongers company one
" ligned to oblivion, eſpecially when it is remem hundred pounds each, and the Lord-mayor fifty
s bered, that to err is the lot of humanity, but pounds, a handſome part of which was diftributed
25 to do good is the property of piety. If ſome amongſt the unfortunate widows and children of
"s from prejudice may deem our deſcription ex the men who were killed by the falling of the
aggerated, we preſume others from juſtice will ſtack of chimnies,
« allow it but adequate, nor refrain a tributary On the twenty-ſeventh the right honourable
tear at the loſs of ſo eminent a compound of the lord Cambden gave his opinion upon the
" all that was great, excellent, and aniable in granting of general warrants by ſecretaries of ſtate,
« human nature." See Clarendon's Hiſtory of which fonie days before had been learnedly argued
England, vol. II. page. 552.
in his preſence. After enlarging upon and ex-
plaining numbers of caſes, which laſted upwards
About three o'clock in the morning, on the of two hours, his lord ſhip declared it, as the un-
ſeventh of November, a molt terrible fire broke animous opinion of the court, thac fuch warrants
out at a peruke-makers, near the end of Biſhopſ (except in caſes of high treaſon) were illegal, op-
gate-ſtreet, next Cornhill; when the wind being preſſive and unwarrantable.
high and weſterly, the flames foon ſpread to the The court of common-council having referred
corner houſe, and from thence to the oppoſite ſide, to the commiſſioners of fewers and pavements
and ſet fire to a millener's; and it being ſome time the conſideration of the moſt effectual way to
before aſſiſtance could be got, the fire foon com correct the complaints of bad pavements and
municated itſelf to all the four corner houſes, other nuiſances within the limits of the city juriſ-
which was burning at one time : the paſtry-cook's diction, they made a repreſentation of what they
houſe at the head of Corphill was greatly da had conſidered in the manner and form following:
maged; the oppoſite paſtry-cook’s the corner of
Gracechurch.ſtreet was deſtroyed; all the houſes To the right honourable the Lord-mayor, al-
from the corner of Cornhill to the church of St. dermen and commons of the city of London, in
Martin, Outwich, the corner of Threadneedle common-council aſſembled.
ſtreet, excepting the parſonage houſe, were con-
fumed ; and the ſaid church likewiſe taking fire, The humble repreſentation of the commiſſion-
a part of the ſteeple was ſoon burnt down, ers of the ſewers and pavements within the ſaid
whereby the great bell in it fell with a prodigious city and liberties,
noiſe; the inſide of the church was next con-
fumed, and the flames ſpread to the back of Sheweth,
in jou
Threadneedle-ftreet
, where ſeveral houſes were
entirely burnt down to the ground; every
That they, the commiſſioners of the fewers,
in White-lion-court; among thern the White-lion having received frequent complaints of bad pave-
tavern, which was bought but the evening before, ments, and other nuiſances, within the limits of
at nine o'clock, for between two and three thou our juriſdiction, and having found our repeated
fand pounds. The back
The back part of Merchant-tay endeavours to correct the ſame ineffectual, we
lors-hall received ſome damage. Five houſes on think it incumbent on us to reprefent to this ho-
the Exchange-ſide of Cornhill
, and upwards of | nourable court :
twenty in Leadenhall-ſtreet, were entirely con 1. That the pavements are in general rough and
fumed. On the whole, it was computed that this irregular, and in many of the principal ſtreets
fire deſtroyed upwards of one hundred houſes, very defective and bad, chiefly owing, as we
and did more damage than the memorable fire, conceive, to their being partially and at different
which broke out oppoſite the Royal-Exchange on || times, and with different materials, repaired by
the twenty-fifth of March 1748, the loſs being the ſeveral inhabitants themſelves, to the frequent
computed at 100,000l. of which a conſiderable breaches made therein by the different water com-
part was uninſured.--A gentleman who attended panies, and to their fight and inſufficient manner
at this fire, thinking that many perſons might be ll of patching up the fame.
2. That

404
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
2. That the prevailing method of placing the
without which the little of our retail trade that
channels in the middle of the ſtreets, which are ge remains will in time be totally loſt, our wards
nerally made very deep, and in many caſes (fome- and pariſhes depopulated, and the burthen of our
times neceſſarily) attended with croſs channels, offices and taxes proportionally increaſed.
renders the coach-way very diſagreeable and unſafe To obviate the objection which, in the minds
to paffengers, as well as highly detrimental to of fome, nay ariſe fom a dread of the expence
horſes and carriages.
attending the propoſed regulations, and which can
3. That the too common practice of the lower only be defrayed by a new tax, we humbly beg
fort of inhabitants, and ſervants, throwing aſhes,
leave to offer it as our opinion, that a very mo-
rubbiſh, broken glaſs, and earthen ware, offals, and derate tax, little exceeding the average of the
other offenſive things, into the ſtreets, ſtops the preſent ordinary repairs, might, by borrowing a
current of the channels, makes the highway very ſum of money upon the credit of it, be ſufficient ,
inconvenient, and ſometimes dangerous to coach, to anſwer the expence, not only of the firſt outſet,
horſe and foot paſſengers, and even to the health but of all neceſſary reparations for many years to
of the neighbouring inhabitants.
come; that the difference (if any) would be more
4. That the pallage of ſome of the greateſt than amply compenſated by the preſervation, not
thoroughfares is often obſtructed by the loading to ſay recovery, of our retail trade, and that
and unloading of ſtage coaches, ſtage.waggons, every ground of complaint of oppreſſion or par-
and country carts, and by the waſhing of butts, tiality might be effectually removed, if the pro-
caſks, and barrels, in the highway.
poſed reformation was limited to ſtreets, the ma-
5. That the foot-ways, by not being raiſed jor part of whoſe inhabitants ſhould apply for and
above the level of the ſtreets, are much annoyed
requeſt it.
with mud, and frequently overflowed with water, To enable ourſelves to form this conjecture,
which renders them diſagreeable and Alippery in as well as others to judge of its probability, we
moiſt, and very dangerous in froſty weather; a have enquired the prices contracted for by the
nuiſance every day accumulated by the neglect commiſſioners for the new pavement at Weſtmin-
of the houſholders to cauſe their ſervants to ſter, have cauſed the ſtreets from Temple-bar to
fcrape and ſweep away the mud from before their Aldgate-church to be ſurveyed and meafured, and
houſes.
different eſtimates to be made of the propoſed im-
6. That poſts intended for the ſecurity of paf provements within that diſtance; from all which
ſengers, do but in part anſwer that intention, con we have formed the following computation :
fiderably leſſen the paſſage on both ſides, in ſtreets
already too narrow, and, by their irregularity and An ESTIMATE of the expence of altering all
aptneſs to decay, offend the eye, at the ſame time the paving from Temple-bar, proceeding eaſt-
that they occaſion an expence which might be ward up Fleet-ſtreet, Ludgate-hill, Ludgate-
entirely ſaved by raiſing the foot-way a little ſtreer, all round the ſouth-ſide of St. Paul's,
higher.
along Cheapſide, the Poultry, Cornhill, Leaden-
That ſeveral of the foot-ways are encumbered hall-ſtreet, and home to Aldgate-church.
with goods and packages, and others of them
ſtreightened by the unwarrantable projection of
£
ſhop-windows, bulks, and ſhew-boards, or the 16,461 feet running of Moor
more dangerous encroachments of vaults and ſtone curb, at 2s.gd. per foot 2263 7 9
cellar doors.
115,414 feet ſuperficial of ſquare
8. That the daily increaſing rivalſhip in the ing and laying of old and new per-
ſize and projection of ſigns in a great meaſure de beck paving in the foot-way, at it
feats the purpoſe of them, obſtructs the free cir-
721
8
culation of the air, (ſo deſirable in a large and 77,200 feet ſuperficial of new pur-
populous city) in times of high wind often proves beck paving at 71 per
foot
2,444 19 6
dangerous, and in rain always an annoyance to 32,428 yards of paving with
foot-paſſengers, and at night, inore or leſs, inter-
Scotch ſtones in the coach-way, at
cepts the light of the lamps.
8d.
12,430 14 8 8
9. That foot-paſſengers are likewiſe greatly For digging and removing rub-
annoyed, in rainy weather, by the water conveyed biſh, being 32,428 yards ſuperfi-
from the tops of old houſes through ſpouts pro cial, at 4d. për yard
540 9 4
jecting into the ſtreets.
For removing poſts and level-
10. That for the want of the ſtreets and courts ling ground, being 16,461 feet
being properly marked and diſtinguiſhed, and running at 3d. per foot
205 16 3
the houſes regularly numbered, ſtrangers are of For fitting curbs round areas
ten put to great trouble and difficulty to find and windows, altering water-
their way to places and perſons they have occaſion ſpouts, iron grates, &c. being
sends
to reſort to.
16,46 ı feet running at iod. per
From this view of the many nuiſances and de-
foot
barato
685 17 6
fects which leſſen the beauty, neatneſs, and con-
venience of this great and famous metropolis, we
19292 12 0
humbly conceive, that every perſon (not bigoted Deduct for 32,428 yards of old
to ancient forms and cuſtoms, or biaſſed by nar pebbles, at is. 6d. per yard 2,432
row conſiderations of immediate intereſt) muſt be
astrol heal 54
convinced of the neceſſity of a ſpeedy reformation,
16,860 10
narrar
An
5. do
0
per foot
7s,
per yard
2
O
о

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
405
Ι Ο
O
O
load,
per foot,
685 17
8 9
An ESTIMATE of the expence of re-laying the compleat in about eleven years; and, if parlia-
old Guernſey pebbles, and uſing purbeck ſtep for ment(who have been ſo liberal in their encourage-
the curb, throughout all the aforeſaid ſtreets, from ment to the improvements at Weſtminſter) Mould
Temple-bar to Aldgate-church, as follows : viz. be prevailed on to grant us the benefit of a Sun-
day's toll, the whole debt might be paid off, and
to s. d. the tax reduced, in a much ſhorter time.
16,461 feet run of purbeck ſtep
It remains only to be conſidered what further
for the curb, at is. rod. per foot, 1,508 18 6 powers will be requiſite for the execution of the
Purbeck paving in the foot-way 3,166 76 || plan in queſtion, in caſe it ſhould meet with che
32,428 yards of old pebbles in
approbation of this honourable court; for which
the coach way re-layed including
purpoſe we humbly conceive that we cannot bec-
digging, levelling and removing
ter inform or direct their judgment than by a
rubbiſh, at gd. per yard,
1,216
faithful enumeration of the many defects we have
3,243 tons of new pebbles at
experienced in the exerciſe of our preſent autho-
twenty. Shillings per ton
3,243
rity: we therefore beg leave to repreſent,
3,243 loads of gravel at 35. per
1. That, whatever might have been the original
486 90
intention and legal conſtruction of our authority
Ficting curbs round areas, &c.
as to pavements, at the time of its creation, we
eing 16,461 feet running at iod.
are adviſed, that the conſtant and uniform method
6 in which it hath been exerciſed for near a century,
Removing poſts, &c. being 16,461
as well as the implied interpretation of it by
feet at 3d. per foor,
205 15 3
ſome late ſtatutes, reſtrain it wholly to the order-
ing, deſigning, and regulating, the manner of
10512
the paving; ſo that (except in two caſes, viz. that
of untenanted, or where a defect complained of
Dolos binti continues unreformed) we have no power to in-
October 11, 1765. George Dance. terfere with the paving itſelf, or (the former of
thoſe caſes only excepted) to aſſeſs or levy any tax
f. s. d. for the doing of it.
A tax of 12d. in the pound upon
2. That we have no authority to try or puniſh
the rents of the front houſes, which
even the moſt petty offenders in a ſummary way;
we find to amount to the ſum of
the paviours and rakers, who are by law enjoined
47,8ool. and upwards would raiſe
to obey our orders, and who we may fine for diſ-
the yearly ſum of
2390
obedience, having it in their election whether they
And as it ſeems reaſonable that
will ſubmit to ſuch fine or not; ſo that, in fact,
the neighbouring inhabitants, whoſeos
we have no other way to enforce our orders, or to
houſes do not front the high ſtreets, cari hes remove nuiſances of any kind, but by indictment
ought to contribute towards the ex-
at the ſeſſions, which, as it generally proves a very
penceof improvements of which they
tedious and expenſive (and ſometimes a fruitleſs)
will equally enjoy the benefit, we
remedy, without any fund appropriated to ſup-
think the propoſed tax ſhould extend
port the charge of it, is ſeldom purſued.
to all houſes in the adjoining yards,
3. That we have no particular controul over
courts, and alleys, but with a power
the water companies, to compel them to repair,
of mitigation in favourof the inferior
in a proper and fufficient manner, or within a
and poorer fort of houſholders;
reaſonable time, the ſeveral breaches which their
which diſcretionary tax we eſtimate
workmen are daily making in the pavement of
at the yearly ſum of
150
fome or other of our moſt frequented ſtreets.
4. That we have no authority to pull up or re-
Total of the tax per annum 2540
any poſts, though found to be ever ſo in-
convenient to the public.
On the other hand the intereſt of
5. That we have no kind of juriſdiction over
17000l. (which is more than the
ſigns, nor authority to affix any marks to houſes,
larger eſtimate requires) at 41. per
whereby to diſtinguiſh them or the ſtreets they
cent. would amount to the yearly
ſtand in.
ſum of 2
680 0
Having preſumed to trouble this honourable
5 We eſtimate the future annual re-
court with our ſentiments upon a ſubject with
pairs at
400
which the duty of our office ſeems in ſome ſort
And the proportionable ſhare of
connected, and in which the honour of this city,
the additional ſalaries of offices, fur-
and the intereſt of its inhabitants, appears to us
veyors, &c. at
to be greatly concerned, we humbly ſubmit it to
their fuperior wiſdom, how far they will think
Total of the annual charge 1280
proper to adapt a plan ſo ſucceſsfully purſued in
the city of Weſtminſter, and what meafures ic
may be expedient to take for carrying the ſame
Which total charge being deducted from the into execution. Dated at Guildhall, the fifteenth
amount of the tax, will leave a ſurplus of 1260). day of November 1765. By order of court.
per annum, applicable to a gradual diſcharge of
the principal money borrowed, which it would
John Smich, clerk to the commiſſioners.
34
An
o
o
O
O
O
move
O
0 0
200
O
O
0
5 K

406
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
An act of common.council being ſoon after
paſſed, a petition was preſented from the corpo-
ration to the houſe of commons, praying that a
bill might be brought in to pave the city of Lon-
don, purſuant to the faid order. The laſt cir-
cumſtance which cloſes the year 1765 was the
death of his royal highneſs prince Frederick Wils
liam, youngeſt brother to his preſent majeſty,
which happened on the twenty-ninth of Decem-
ber, at his houſe in Leiceſter-ſquare. His royal
highneſs, at the time of his death, was in the
fixteenth year of his age.
CH A P T E R
XLIX.
The American ſtamp-act repealed. Great rejoicings on the occaſion. Weavers relieved by par-
liament. Aet for new paving the city of London. City gates pulled down. Riots occa-
fioned by the high price of proviſions. Proclamation againſt foreftallers. Marriage of her
royal big hneſs princeſs Carolina Matilda. Remarkable ſtorm of thunder and lightning. Great
frost. Violent hurricane. Fire in the Strand. State of the city hoſpitals. Death of the
duke of York.
T
crown.
HE year 1766 began with a very warm dom. That theſe tumults and inſurrections had
conteſt in the houſe of commons reſ been encouraged and inflamed by ſeveral votes
pecting the repeal or continuance of the and reſolutions which had paſſed in the aſſemblies
American ftamp-act; and perhaps there ſcarce of the ſaid colonies, derogatory to the honour of
ever was any affair debated in a Britiſh parlia government, and deſtructive to their legal and
ment, in which the public thought themſelves conftitutional dependency on the crown and par-
more deeply intereſted, or for the reſult of which liament.
they felt a more impatient anxiety. Petitions By che bill itſelf, all votes, reſolutions, or or-
were received from the merchants of London, ders, which had been paſſed by any of the ge-
Briſtol, Liverpool, Lancaſter, Hul), Glaſgow, neral afſemblies in America, by which they af-
&c. and indeed from moſt of the trading and ſumed to themſelves the ſole and excluſive right
manufacturing towns and boroughs in the king of taxing his majeſty's ſubjects in the colonies,
dom, ſetting forth the great decay of their trade, were annulled, and declared contrary to law, de-
owing to the new laws and regulations made for rogatory to the legiſlative authority of parliament,
America. Petitions were likewiſe received from and inconſiſtent with their dependency upon the
the agents for Virginia and Georgia, ſetting forch
their inability to pay the ſtamp duty. But neither The oppoſition, far from being difpirited,
the arguments nor facts contained in the petitions ſeemed to gather freſh vigour, and ſtill oppoſed
could prevail on the party who had refolved to the' repeal in every part of its progreſs: buc
fupport the ſtamp act at all events, to remit in notwithſtanding all their endeavours, the bill
the leaſt of their ardor.
paſſed upon a diviſion, by a majority of 275 to
No matter of debate was ever more ably and 167, and was carried up to the houſe of lords by
learnedly handled in both houſes. The ſubject above two hundred members of the houſe of
was of the higheſt importance, and it was not commons, where it met with a ſtrong oppoſition;
without difficulties both conftitutional and poli-thirty-three lords entered a proteſt againſt it at the
tical, in the diſcuſſion and in the conſequences. fecond reading, as did twenty-eight at the third.
On the queſtion being put, the power of the le At laſt, however, it was carried through by a
giſlature of Great Britain over her colonies, in majority of thirty-four; and on the eighteenth
all caſes whatſoever, and without any diſtinction of March his majeſty went to the houſe of peers,
in regard to taxation, was confirmed and aſcer and gave his royal aſſent to the fame.
tained without a diviſion. And this was, per On this occaſion the American merchants made
haps, the only queſtion that could have been a moſt numerous appearance to expreſs their joy
thought of, upon which the miniſtry, and their and gratitude ; the ſhips in the river diſplayed
antagoniſts in the oppoſition, would have gone their colours ; great numbers of houſes in the
together on a diviſion.
city were illuminated ; and every decent and
The grand committee who had paſſed the reſo- | orderly method was obſerved, to demonſtrate the
lutions on which the foregoing queſtion was de- juſt ſenſe that was entertained of his majeſty's
bated, had alſo paſſed another for the total repeal goodneſs, and the wiſdom of parliament in con-
of the ſtamp-act; and two bills were accordingly | ciliating the minds of the people on this critical
brought in to anſwer thefe purpoſes. By the occaſion.
reſolutions on which the former was founded, it On the fourteenth of May, his majeſty having
was declared, that tumults and inſurrections of given the royal aſſent, among others, to “ the
the moſt dangerous nature had been raiſed and a bill to prohibit the importation of foreign
carried on in ſeveral of the colonies, in open de « wrought ſilks and velvets for a limited time,">
fiance of government, and in manifeſt violation ſeveral thouſand weavers went to St. James's,
of the laws and legiſlative authority of this king- || with colours Aying, drums beating, and muſic
$
playing

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
407
playing, and teſtified their gratitude by loud ac ç is to be open on the north ſide of St. Paul's,
clamations of joy.
"s whilſt the ſouth ſide is repairing.
At the ſanie time his majeſty ſigned the act for
6 The commiſſioners are alſo hereby impower-
better paving, lighting and cleanſing the city of 66 ed to have taken down and removed all ſigns,
London, and to prevent annoyances therein, and or other emblems, uſed to denote the trade,
for other purpoſes. The particulars of which occupation, or calling of any perſon or perſons,
act run thus :
together with the ſign.poſts, ſign-irons, pent-
56 houſes, ſhew-boards, ſpouts, and gutters, and
és That, from and after the paſſing of this act, • all other incroachnients, projections, and an-
6s the ſole power and authority of pitching, pav noyances whatſoever, within the ſaid city or lje
sing, cleanſing and enlightening the ſtreets, &c, “ berties; and for the future all ſuch ſigns, &c.
" is veſted in the mayor and commonalty of Lon are to be fixed on the fronts of the houſes, and
es don, to be executed by ſuch perſons as they, not otherwiſe, and every perſon, offending
ss in common-council aſſembled, ſhall appoint to contrary to theſe directions, for every ſuch of
66 be commiſſioners of the fewers, which com “ fence, is to forfeit and pay the ſum of 51. and
56 millioners of the fewers ſhall be conſtituted 65 the further ſum of 2os. for every day ſuch of-
“ commiſſioners for carrying this act into execu “ fence ſhall continue.
66 tion.
“ Cranes ſhall be kept cloſe to the walls of
“ The recorder and common-ſerjeant of the “ warehouſes; and, after the 24th of June, 1766,
" ſaid city of London, for the time being, are no waggon ſhall, for the purpoſe of loading
" to be commiſſioners, and ſeven commiſſioners “ and unloading the ſame, ſtand in the ſtreets
s-are to be a quorum.
« above an hour ; nor any cart, waggon, dray,
66 The commiſſioners are to meet on or before or other carriage, be ſuffered to ſtand athwart
" the twenty-fourth of June 1766, with power or acroſs any ítreet, &c. or otherwiſe, longer
56 to adjourn; and the mayor may appoint fpe " than is neceſſary for the loading or unloading
“ cial meetings.
" thereof; nor any goods, materials or things
• The commiſſioners ſhall and may appoint « whatſoever, to be laid or placed in any ſtreet,
« clerks, ſurveyors, and as many other officers as “ &c. ſo as to obſtruct the paſſage thereof: and in
" they ſhall find neceſſary; and the ſaid com every ſuch offence, any one of the commiſſion-
“ miſſioners ſhall take ſuch ſecurity as they ſhall ers, or officers by them appointed to remove
" think proper, and may remove any of the ſaid
«
nuiſances, may ſeize the waggon, cart, dray, or
66 officers at their will and pleaſure, and appoint other carriage, ſo placed together with the
“ others in their room, with ſuch ſalaries as they “ horſe or horſes; or the goods, materials, and
“ſhall judge reaſonable.
5 things fo laid and left, and remove the fame
“ The penalty on exactions of clerks, ſur to the common pound of the city, commonly
veyors, and other officers, is, that every per “ called the Greenyard, till claimed by the owner
$6 ſon ſo offending ſhall from henceforth for ever or owners, on payment of the ſum of 20s.
So be incapable of being employed under this act, " with the charges of removing and keeping the
" and ſhall, over and above, forfeit and pay the " fame; and, in caſe of non-claiming and pay-
" ſum of 501. to any who ſhall ſue for the ſame, ment within the ſpace of three days next after
66 within ſix calendar months next after the of < ſuch ſeizure, it ſhall be lawful for the com-
« fence committed.
“ miſſioners to appraiſe and ſell the ſame, and the
« Non-freemen may be employed in paving, “ monies ariſing therefrom are to be applied to
« cleanſing, &c. any of the ſtreets, &c. and may " the purpoſes of this act. This clauſe extends
C contract for the performance of the ſaid works, to ſeizing, pounding, and ſelling in like man-
« or any of them, as the commiſſioners ſhall think ner, any poſts, bars, rails, boards or other
66 fit. No common-council-man ſhall be con-
" thing, by way of incloſure for the purpoſe of
s cerned in any contract.
making mortar, or depofiting bricks, lime or
". The general powers granted to the commif u other materials for building or repairing houſes,
5 ſiners are, that they may cauſe all or any of 66 or other works, if ſuffered to remain any
« the ſtreets, lanes, ſquares, yards, courts, alleys, «s longer time than is neceſſary. The claiming
paſſages, and places, to be new paved, or re << of them before fold is limited to the ſpace of
“ paired, when, and as often, and in ſuch man eight days.
ner, and with ſuch materials, as they ſhall. " No lime is to be ſacked in the foot or carri-
" think fit, and may cauſe ſuch poſts, as they age way of the ſtreets, &c. nor in any houſe,
6 ſhall think uſeleſs or inconvenient, to be taken « but only on vacant ſites, where any houſe or
up and removed ; and likewiſe all ſteps, bulks, “ houſes are totally pulled down in order to be
“ fhew-glaſſes, and ſhew-boards, incroaching up « rebuilt, on the penalty of forty ſhillings.
s on the foot-ways; as alſo all ſteps and doors, " The penalty of driving any bier, wheel or
opening or leading from the foot-ways into " wheels, Nedge, wheel-barrow or other carriage
« vaults or cellars, to be removed or altered. so whatſoever, or wilfully riding, leading, or
• The ſtreets that are to be firſt paved and en driving, any horſe, coach, or other carriage
lightened are the great ſtreets from Temple-bar " whatſoever, upon any part of the foot-pave-
« 'to Whitechapel-bars, and they are to be paved “ ments, is ros. for the firſt offence; 20$. for
us with the ſtone known by the name of whyn " the ſecond; and 40s, for the third, and every
quarry ſtone, or with rock ſtone, or with ſtone
" other time of offending. Any perſon whatever,
ss of a fat ſurface. And a paffage for carriages " without any other warrant, who ſhall ſee any
fuch
CG
CC

308
HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON.
“ fuch offence committed, may ſeize the offender,
cs and convey him to the cuſtody of a juſtice of
peace, before whom he muſt be convicted upon
66 Oath.
" The names of ſtreets, &c. are to be put up,
“ painted, engraved, or deſcribed in ſtone or
« otherwiſe at or near each end, corner or en-
trance, of each of the ſtreets, &c. and the
" houſes are to be numbered, in order to the di-
“ ſtinguiſhing them; and the penalty of malici-
« ouſly defacing or obliterating the ſame, for
every fuch offence, is 405.
os. The form of the new pavement is not to be
C6 altered without authority from the commiffion-
ers, on the penalty of 51. over and above the
expence of relaying and reinſtating the ſame.
“ But the pavements are to be repaired on com-
plaint; and, when water-pipes are broken,
" and the pavement taken up for repairing them,
" the ground muſt be filled up within four days
6 after, upon the penalty of the paviour of the
« water-company, to whom the pipes belong,
“: paying 51. or the owners of ſuch pipes, not
belonging to any of the water-companies, pay-
ing forty ſhillings. The paviours of the water-
ce companies are to give notice of their names,
66 &c. and the water companies are to pay the
expence of new laying the pavement, when
6* the pipes are broken, 8zc. The expence of
* alterations in the pipes is to be defrayed out of
" the monies ariſing or to ariſe by virtue of this
« act, and liſts of the turn-cocks are to be de-
65 livered to the houſholders.
• The commiſſioners ſhall have full power to
« cauſe the ſtreets to be watered as often as they
« ſhall think fit, and to have wells funk and
“ pumps erected in proper places, for that or any
“ other purpoſe ; likewiſe duſt holes erected,
“ where the occupiers of houſes and tenements
“ are required to have all their duſt, aſhes, and
56 other filth to be depoſited, till the ſame ſhall be
“ carried away by the reſpective rakers or ſca-
“ vengers. The perſon offending contrary to
6 this claufe is to forfeit ten ſhillings for every
66 offence.
" The foot-ways are to be cleaned daily by the
“ occupiers of houſes or tenements, under the
penalty of two ſhillings. O
" The commiſſioners are empowered to direct
" the ſetting up of lamps in ſuch a manner, and
at ſuch diſtances, as they ſhall judge proper,
“6 and at what time they are to be lighted, and
“ how long to continue fo ; the commiſſiones are
« alſo to direct the placing of private lamps.
“ The property of the pavements, &c. are
“, veſted in the mayor, commonalty, and citizens,
w of the city of London, and all actions and
" indictments are to be preferred in their name.
" From and after the 29th of September,
1766, rates are to be collected half-yearly, or
oftener, as the commiſſioners ſhall think fit to
“ order, and not to exceed is. 6d, in the pound
“ in any one year, in the whole of the yearly
“ rents of lands, houſes, ſhops, warehouſes,
es cellars, vaults, or other tenements or heredi-
taments reſpectively, as ſhall be ſituate in any
« ſtreet, &c. actually begun to be new paved ;
" and is. in the pound of the yearly rents of
6 ſuch of the lands, houſes, &c. as ſhall not be
66 fo
ſo fituate. Thoſe lands, houſes, &c. are ſuch
as are actually rated towards the relief of the
poor in the reſpective pariſhes; and the owners
" of large warehouſes, &c. and poor tradeſmen,
" manufacturers, &c. upon petition to the com-
miſſioners, are intitled to relief, as they ſhall
" think juſt and reaſonable. The parties con-
" cerned, thinking themſelves aggrieved, by the
" award of the commiſſioners, may appeal to the
“ court of mayor and aldermen, who ſhall finally
6 determine what relief to be granted.
“ The ſeveral aldermen of the city or their
reſpective deputies, are empowered to examine
« poor's rates and land-tax books. Duplicates
“ of the rates are to be made out and ſigned; and
" collectors are to be choſen annually, on St.
us Thomas's-day. 501. is the penalty on refuſing
" to ſerve, and, notwithſtanding, the party or
parties continue liable to be chofen again the
year following, or at any other time; and are
“ liable to the like penalty fo often as they refuſe
6 or neglect to take and duly execute the ſame.
" In caſe of death, or refuſal, the alderman of
“ each reſpective ward may appoint others, under
" the like penalty; and the only perſons exempta
<< ed are thoſe who are ſo by the laws now in be-
“ing from ſerving any ward office.
" Inmates, or the occupiers of houſes in lodg-
ings or tenements, are to pay the rates, but
are to be allowed the fame out of their rents
66 by the owners.
“Public buildings, hoſpitals excepted, may
66 be rated at 4d. per ſquare yard, and dead walls
" at 6d. per yard running meaſure. St. Paul's
" church and yard are to be rated by the alder-
« man of Caſtle. baynard ward, or his deputy, at
“ ſuch rate as the major part of his common-
« council-men ſhall judge reaſonable, not exceed-
ing the rate of is. 3d. by the year for every
« ſquare yard of the ſaid pavement: wharfs,
“ warehouſes, &c. are not to pay more than two-
" thirds of the rates herein before directed: the
rates on meeting-houſes are to be paid by thofè
officiating therein; and of unoccupied houſes,
" &c. by the firſt tenants or occupiers thereof,
allowance in the rent to be made by the land-
66 lords or owners.
“ The collector is to diftrain in caſe of non-
payment; and, if diſtreſs followed, the war-
rant is to be backed. The penalty on the neg-
« lect of granting or executing ſuch warrants, is
4os. Nothing in this act ſhall be deemed to
“ make void any agreement between landlord and
tenant, concerning the paving, cleanſing, or
“ enlightening any part of the ſaid ſtreets, &c.
“ Freemen, not paying the rates, are incapa-
« ble of voting ; and perſons aggrieved may ap-
peal to the commiſſioners, within 30 days nexe
« after ſuch rates ſhall have been demanded, and
" the commiſſioners are to hear and determine
« complaints. at do
« The money collected is to be paid into the
" chamberlain's office; and the collector, upon
“ demand, is to give in an account of all monies
" collected. The penalty on refuſal to account,
or make
payment,
is diſtreſs and ſale of the
« collector's goods and chattels, and if none ſuch,
ſufficient
CG
66
(6
66
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
409
66
6 fufficient to ſatisfy the ſaid money, can be commiſſioners) for any thing done, or to be done,
« found, with the charges of diſtreſs and ſale, for forbearing to do any thing, or on any account
“ then the collector may be committed to one of whatſoever, relating to the execution or non exe-
w the compters, there to be detained till he ſhall cution of this act.
pay the fame, or ſuch compoſition as the com 3. They muſt not be intereſted in any bargain
« miflioners ſhall agree to accept.
made by the commiſſioners, on forfeiture of 5ol
". The collector dying, or becoming bankrupt, and perpetual diſability: .
« his eſtate is liable to payment; but if inſolvent, 4. They muſt be active, and pay ready obedi-
" the money is to be again aſſeſſed.
ence to the commiſſioners.
" The chamberlain is to pay all ſums of mo 5. They muſt behave with good manners to-
ney, by order of the commiſſioners, and to wards their ſuperiors, and every inhabitant; and,
66 make entries.
upon all occaſions, manifeſt a diſpoſition to oblige
“ The preſent contracts for lighting, &c. the them as far as their truſt will permit,
" ſtreets, are not hereby vacated.
66 The commiſſioners may borrow money on
Duty of the three INSPECTORS.
" the credit of the rate's, and 100,000l. may be
" borrowed by annuities on lives, at 81. per cent. 1. The city and its liberties to be divided into
to be paid by four equal quarterly payments three diſtricts, as nearly equal as poffible; and
during the full term of the natural life of the ſuch inſpector is to act within his own diſtrict as
a annuitants, being of the age of 45 years, or deputy to the principal ſurveyor, and to follow his
upwards. The clerk is to enter all ſecurities. direction.
" The annuities are not liable to taxes, and the 2. He is, in a book to be by him kept, to en-
“ ſecurities are transferrable. The money bor ter an alphabetical liſt of all the ſtreets and places
" rowed is charged on the rates; and perſons within his diſtrict, with an account in four fepa-
ss charged towards theſe rates are not liable to rate columns, of the quantity of paving in the
any former rates, in purſuance of any former carriage and footways, (diſtinguiſhing each fort)
" acts of parliament, towards paving, cleanſing, the number of lamps, the ſituation of the grates,
66.&c. of the ſaid city and liberties, but arrears or gully-holes, and the courſes, dimenſions and
" of former rates are ſtill recoverable.
declivities of the ſewers.
« The ſurplus remaining in the chamber of 3. He is frequently to preambulate his diſtrict
a London, under act 17. George II. is to be ap both day and night; and to obſerve whether the
“plied to this act.
contractors for cleanſing and lighting do their
And that the purpoſes of this act may the duty; whether the foot-ways are daily ſcraped
66 better be carried into execution, the following and cleanſed; whether any poſts, ſpurs, or ken-
46 tolls are to be taken at the turnpikes at nels, are inconvenient; whether any pavement is
“ Mile-end, Bethnel green, Hackney, Kingſland, out of repair; whether any water-pipe appears
“ Ball's-pound or pond Illington, Holloway, end to be decayed; whether any fewer is broken, or
€ of St. John's-ftreet, end of Goſwell-ftreet, and ſtopped up; whether any privies communicate
** the turnpike on the City-road; all which Turn with the common-fewer; whether any of the
e pikes are in the county of Middleſex; viz. For grates or gullyholes are too narrow or ill-placed ;
every coach &c. drawn by fix or more horſes, whether any lime is ſlaked in any ſtreet, place or
" the ſum of iod. For ditto drawn by four houſe; whether any carriage or horſe is driven
" horſes, 8d. For ditto, drawn by three, or two upon the foot-pavements; whether any marks for
" horſes, 6d. For every chaiſe, chair, calaſh, diſtinguiſhing the ſtreets, or houſes, ſhall be de-
“ or other carriage, drawn by one horſe, 3d. || faced; whether the form of any pavement new
« and for every horſe, &c. id.”
made, ſhall be altered; whether any ſigns or gut-
ters ſhall be placed otherwiſe than in the fronts of
At a court of common.council held at Guild houſes; whether any cranes are to project over
hall the fixteenth of May, commiſſioners were the highway when not in actual uſe; whether any
choſen for executing the purpoſes of the above occupiers of tenements ſhall cauſe to be depo-
act, who met, on the twenty-third, and ſettled ſited any duſt in any ſtreet, except in ſome box,
the appointments to their reſpective officers and or conveniency, provided by the commiſſioners;
fervants, as follows: To the chief clerk, 100l. whether any of the lamps are broken, or the light
per annum ; firſt-aſliftant-clerk, 60l. Junior af extinguiſhed, or the irons damaged; whether any
fiftant-clerk, 50l. Surveyor, 200l. Three in-
private lamps are placed otherwiſe than directed
fpectors, 60l. each.
by the commiſſioners; and, laſtly, whether there
The following is the ſubſtance of the inſtruc are any nuiſances in the highway : and he ſhall
tions given by the commiſſioners of the pave make a minute of each obſervation on the left
ments for the city of London to their officers. hand pages of a book, called The regiſter of
the diſtrict; marking the place and time,
GENERAL DUTIES.
propoſing the remedy, and eſtimating the ex-
pence, if incumbent on the commiſſioners.
1. They muſt give ſecurity for the due execu 4. He is, on the right hand of his regiſter,
tion of their offices as the commiſſioners ſhall
(correſponding with his obſervations on the other
require.
ſide) to make fair diſtinct minutes of what is done
2. They muſt not accept any fee or reward in conſequence thereof, marking the time, and
(other than ſalaries and rewards allowed by the totals of the charges.
35
L
5 L
5. He

410
HISTOR2" and SURVEY of LONDON.
5. He is to attend every meeting of the com that they ripped open the ſacks, and ſcattered the
miſſioners with his regiſter, and be ready to an corn about, ſeized butter, cheeſe and bacon, in
fwer all queſtions.
the ſhops, and threw it into the ſtreets, and com-
6. He is, immediately upon receipt of orders mitted numberleſs other violences,
for any repairs, to cauſe the ſame to be done, if On the firſt of Auguſt, about four o'clock in
the expence fhall not exceed five pounds. But the morning a terrible fire broke out at Mr.
where the expence is likely to exceed that ſum, Smith's, cheeſemonger, in Blackmoor-itreet, Clare-
he is to carry the order to the principal ſurveyor, market, which entirely conſumed that houſe,
that he may view, and report.
greatly damaged two others in front, and burnt
7. He is to employ fuch workmen only as the backwards as far as Craven-buildings in Drury-
commiſſioners ſhall direct.
lane. The fire was fo rapid, that an elderly wo-
8. He is, upon the burſting of any pipe be man, who lodged in the houſe, perished in the
longing to the water company, to give immediate flames; and it was with the greateſt difficulty the
notice thereof to the paviours of the company; family eſcaped ſharing the ſame fate.
and, upon the burſting of any other pipe, to give In order to prevent the dreadful conſequences
the like notice to the owner, requiring an imme which had been, and ſtill were like to continue on
diate repair; and if ſuch defect is not repaired, account of the high price of proviſions, a pro-
and the ground filled up within four days he is to clamation was publiſhed on the eleventh of Sep-
report the ſame to the commiſſioners.
tember for putting in force an act of parlianient
9. If after Midſummer, 1766, any common of the fifth and fixth of Edward VI. and likewiſe
ſtage-waggon ſhall ſtand in any ſtreet, &c. above an act made in the fifth of queen Elizabeth,
an hour at a time; or any cart or other carriage, againſt foreſtallers, regrators, and engroffers of
ſhall be placed acroſs any ſtreet, &c. or ſtand in corn, &c. and that all judges, juſtices of the
any part thereof longer than is neceſſary for load peace, mayors, ſheriffs, bailiffs, &c. within Eng-
ing and unloading; or if any goods ſhall be left land and Wales, and the town of Berwick upon
in any ſtreet, &c. ſo as to obſtruct the paſſage; Tweed, ſhould put the ſaid act (as well as all
he is, upon complaint by any two reputable other acts relating to the ſame matter) into exeo
houſekeepers, to remove ſuch carriages, with the cution, on pain of his majeſty's high diſpleaſure,
horſes, and ſuch goods, to the Green-yard. and of ſuch pains and puniſhments as right by
The commiſſioners, having thus adjuſted the law be inflicted upon the contemners of his royal
neceſſary preparations for fo capital an undertak- authority.
ing, immediately applied to parliament for leave The following melancholy circumſtance, which
to pull down what obſtructed the free air; and happened this month, is of ſo fingular a nature,
to make and widen ſuch ſtreets as ſhould be found that we think its infertion in chis place needs
neceſſary. And in conſequence of an act paſſed little apology. A foldier being ſentenced to be
for that purpoſe, Ludgate, Alderſgate, Cripple ſhot at Plymouth dock for deſertion, the marine
gate, Moorgate, Biſhopſgate, and Aldgate, with companies and fourch regiment were ordered to
the poſterns within their limits, were taken down ; attend the execution. After having received the
and the city wall, between the feite of Cripple- facrament, the priſoner was brought out of the
gate and Moorgate, and in ſeveral other places, barracks, eſcorted by an officer's guard, and at-
was razed from the foundation by the people who tended by a clergyman; his coffin was carried
rent the adjacent ground from the city on a build before him, which made the proceſſion appear
ing leaſe. Narrow paſſages, which before were more dreadful and ſolemn. About ten he goc to
dangerous, were opened and widened, and new the field of execution, where he repeatedly kneel-
ſtreets formed on the ruins of the old. The ed and prayed. About eleven o'clock the com-
figns, ſign poſts and irons, together with all manding officer ordered him to march round the
ſpouts and projections, were entirely removed ; troops to admoniſh them, and the clergyman
and, in ſhort, ſuch extenſive amendments have dictated what he ſhould ſay, after which he return-
been, and ſtill are making, as muſt in the end ed to his place. There were nine men who were
form the city of London the moſt elegant (as formerly deferters, ordered to ſhoot him: he
well as the moſt opulent) city in the world. kneeled, and was bid by the officer to pull his cap
At a court of common-council held the zoth over his face, which he did ; and whilſt the officer
of July, the report of Mr. Recorder was read, turned round, the man dropped a handkerchief
touching the city of London's rights to import out of his hand, which being underſtood as a
4000 chaldrons of coals for the benefit of the ſignal to ſhoot him, three of the men inſtant-
city-poor ; by which opinion it appeared, the cor ly fired through his body. The officer had
poration are by charter entitled to that quantity, a reprieve in his pocket, but by heightening the
at is. per chaldron leſs duty than is the cuſtom ſcene of horror too much, and by ſome unac-
to pay in the port of London.
countable fatality, the poor man loft his life. The
This month great outrages were committed by | dreadful confuſion of the officer may be more
the poor in various parts of the kingdom, || eaſily conceived than expreſſed.
on account of the high price of proviſions. They The committee for building Black-friars bridge
aſſembled in large bodies, when they pulled down, | being met at Guildhall on the nineteenth, agreed
burnt, or otherwiſe deſtroyed four mills, ſeized to transfer to the watermen's company the ſum of
on corn and other proviſions, which they fold at 13,650l. three per cent. Bank annuities, which
a moderate price and delivered the produce to the produces 409l. 10s. per annum, and which the
owners. At ſome places they were ſo exaſperated laid company was annually to receive, in confi-
deration

HISTORY and SURV E r of LONDON.
66
66
to
65
GG
man,
deration of the ferry at Black-friars being re " muſt afford the moſt intereſting fatisfaction,
moved to admit the opening of the temporary
not only to us and all your majetty's loyal ſub-
bridge.
jects, but alſo to every proteſtant power in
On the evening of the firſt of October, her Europe.
royal highneſs princeſs Carolina-Matilda was mar " Permit us, royal Sir, to aſſure you, that
ried to the king of Denmark at the chapel royal your
faithful citizens of London are ever ready
at St. James's; the duke of York being proxy
evince to all the world, that their hearts and
for his Danih majeſty; and the next morning her
" affections are fincere oblations of gratitude to
majeſty ſet out from Carlton-houſe, in order to your majeſty, for your conſtant paternal care,
embark for Denmark. She was attended by his " and eſpecially for the recent inſtance of your
royal highneſs the duke of Glouceſter, right hon.
" tender attention to the neceſſities of your
lady Mary Boothby, and count de Bothmar, her “ people.”
majeſty's vice-chamberlain, in a train of three
coaches, eſcorted by parties of light-horſe, horſe-
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to
grenadiers, and life-guards, and a numerous train return the following moſt gracious anſwer :
of domeſtics and attendants. The parting be-
tween the queen of Denmark and her royal high “ Your loyal and affectionate profeflions upon
neſs the princeſs of Wales, was extremely tender : " the happy events of my queen's fafe delivery,
the young queen was obſerved on getting into " and the marriage of my liſter to my very good
her coach, to ſhed tears, which greatly affected ally, the king of Denmark, cannot but be moſt
the populace aſſembled in Pall-mall, to ſee her acceptable to me.
departure.
" It is with pleaſure that I ſee the juſt ſenſe
About two o'clock in the morning of the fifth " which the city of London entertains of thoſe
of this month, there happened in London one of " meaſures, which the neceſſity of the occaſion
the greateſt ſtorms of rain, thunder and lighten obliged me to take for the relief of my people;
ing, that had been ever known in the memory of " and I hope they will have the deſired effect of
A watchman in High Holbourn declared, quieting mens minds, and removing the diſ-
that about three o'clock a ball of fire fell near “ treſſes which ſeemed daily to encreaſe."
his ſtand, that the earth trembled under him, and
that there was ſo great a ſmell of ſulphur that he
Towards the end of December a violent froſt
was near being ſuffocated.
began, which continued to increaſe, and was
Her majeſty having been delivered of a prin- | very fevere till the ſixteenth of January following:
ceſs on the twenty-ninth of the preceding nionth, when, on that and the two following days, there
(who was afterwards baptized by the names of was an appearance of its breaking ; but on the
Charlotte-Augufta-Matilda) the right honourable nineteenth ic returned with increaſed vigour, and
the Lord-mayor, aldermen and common-council continued till the twenty-ſecond, when a kindly
waited on his majeſty the eighth of October with thaw removed the diſmal apprehenſions of the
the following addreſs on the occaſion :
people.
During the continuance of this froſt the dif-
« Moſt gracious fovereign,
treſſes of the poor in town and country were truly
pitiable, though the generous hand of charity
" We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal was held forth by numbers of worthy perſons,
< ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com and ſeveral public bodies. Fuel, and all other
« mons of the city of London, in common neceſſaries of life were remarkably dear: the river
“ council aſſembled, with the moit zealous ar Thames was frozen ſo hard as to ſtop the naviga-
6. dour and affection, embrace the earlieſt oppor-
tion both above and below the bridge : many
"tunity of approaching the throne of the beſt perſons retarded, or jammed in by the ice, pe-
of princes, with our joyful congratulations on riſhed wich cold, in boats, or other craft; and
every event pleaſing to your majeſty and falu the wherries in the river where wholly unemploy-
tary to your kingdoms.
ed. In the cities of London, Weſtminſter, and
" The ſafe delivery of the queen, a princeſs their ſuburbs, many melancholy accidents hap-
endeared to your majeſty and the whole nation pened, ſuch as numbers of people periſhing with
by every royal and virtuous accompliſhment, cold, or breaking limbs by the ſlipperineſs of the
« fills our hearts with the utmoſt thankfulneſs to ſtreets; and it was with the utmoſt difficulty the
“ divine providence.
draught catile could keep their feet. Many fatal
« An increaſe of your majeſty's auguſt family accidents likewiſe happened to thoſe who were
" by the birth of a princeſs royal, cannot fail of purſuing the diverſion of ſkaiting on the ice. In
diffuſing univerſal joy amongſt all your faith the country the ſnow lay fo deep, and ſo filled
“ ful ſubjects, as it farther fecures to them and up the roads, hollows and valleys, that many
“ their pofterity, a long continuance of thoſe people loſing their way, died through the ſeverity
“ ineſtimable bleſſings, which they have hitherto of the weather. Sheep and cattle periſhed in con-
enjoyed under the protection of your majeſty's fiderable numbers : the roads were almoſt impal-
« illuſtrious houſe.
fable, and the ſtages and mails performed their
" The auſpicious marriage of your majeſty's ſeveral journies with the utmoſt difficulty, dan-
« royal fiſter, the princeſs Carolina Matilda, with ger, and loſs of time.
" that great potentate the king of Denmark, (on On the firſt of January 1767, about a quarter
" which we beg leave to felicitare your majeſty) || paſt ten at night, a moſt uncommon change of
weather

412
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
weather happened in London. The evening, || capable of acting fo contradictory to evey prin ".
which till then had been a bright ſtar-light, and ciple humanity.
remarkably ſerene, varied on a ſudden to cloudy, At a court of common-council held the 23d
and in an inſtant a moſt terrible burſt of wind it was unanimouſly refolved, that, on account of
was heard, attended with a furious ſtorm of hail the diſtreffes of the poor (which at that time were
from the rorth eaſt. During this hurricane, win very great, occafioned by the inclemency of the
dows ſhook, houſes trembled, and a ſtrange ſeaſon) one thouſand pounds ſhould be ſubſcribed
ruſling was perceived as if in the inſide of the out of the chamber of che city; and that a ſub-
buildings with the perſons who inhabited them. fcription book ſhould be opened in the chamber-
Though many people were too much engaged to lain's office for the donations of all well-diſpoſed
perceive it, yet ſuch as did, particularly thoſe, perſons; which money ſhould be appropriated to
who by their ſituation lay expoſed to the north the relief of ſuch poor perſons inhabiting within
and the north-eaſt, were not leſs ſurprized than the city and liberties as did not receive alms of the
alarmed. The gable end of a houſe in Weſt pariſh : and a committee was appointed, confift-
minſter, with ſome chimnies there, and in other ing of the Lord-mayor, and all the aldermen,
parts of the town, were blown down. 'Great da and fifty-two commoners, who immediately with-
mages were ſuſtained near the Thames, by goods drew, and began a fubfcription among them-
being ſpoiled in cellars and warehouſes on each ſelves ; to which the Lord-mayor gave one hun-
fide the river. Several-boats were overſet, and dred pounds, and the reſt of the gentlemen very
twenty-ſeven perfons loſt their lives. The whole liberally. By this noble plan great numbers of
damage ariſing from this violent hurricane (which || people were happily relieved from the moſt abject
did not continue above two minutes) was com ſtate of diſtreſs. .
puted at fifty-thouſand pounds.
Between two and three o'clock in the morning
On the nineteenth of this month one William of the twenty-fifth, a terrible fire broke out at
fon, a ſhoemaker, was executed in Moorfields a baker's in the ſtrand, oppoſite Hungerford-
for the murder of his wife by ſtarving her to market, which in a ſhort time conſumed the fame,
death. The poor unhappy woman was a kind of with the houſe adjoining. The flames were fo
idiot, who having a ſum of money left for her rapid, that the inhabitants could not preſerve any
maintenance, Williamſon, to poffeſs himſelf of of their effects. The apprentice and ſervant maid
the money, found means to marry her. They | periſhed in the flames, as likewiſe a young woman
were firſt afked in church, but her truſtee forbid big with child. A youth about fixteen years of
the banns ; the villain, however, procured a li age, apprentice to a jeweller, who lodged in the
cence, and about eight months before her death, ſaid houſe, in order to avoid being burnt, jumped
they were married ; after which time the uſage out of a two pair of ſtairs window into the ſtreet,
the unhappy creature met with was one continued || by which means his ſcull was fractured, and his
fcene of cruelty, He drove a ſtrong ſtaple into arm, two of his ribs, and his back broke; of
the wall of a clofet in the room where they lodged; which he expired in great agonies the morning
and to this ſtaple he daily tied her with a rope following. Six perſons loſt their lives, beſides a
which he drew round her middle, her hands be great number that were ſhockingly bruiſed and
ing faſtened behind her with iron handcuffs, and wounded.
the little ſuſtenance ſhe received was laid upon a On the ſeventh of February a large houſe ad-
ſhelf juſt within the reach of her mouth, fo that || joining to the gate way of the Saracen’s-head-inn,
if ſhe dropped any part of it, ſhe could not again on Snow-hill, ſuddenly fell to the ground, toge-
recover it; and to ſuch a height did he carry his ther with part of another houſe which went over
barbarity, that he often tied her up ſo tight that the gate way. The houſe was only occupied by
her toes only reached the ground; and if his the family of Mr. Dodd, and that of Mr. Jarvis,
daughter endeavoured to alleviate her miſery by a caſe-maker in the three pair of ſtairs forward.
ſetting a ſtool for her to ſtand on, he would beat Mr. Dodd's family happily eſcaped unhurt; but
her unmercifully. In this manner ſhe languiſhed Mrs. Jarvis and one of her children periſhed in
till ſhe became a mere ſkeleton; and when ſhe was the ruins.
ſo far reduced that her ſtomach loathed food, he The following calculation was made about this
releaſed her, let looſe her hands, ſet coarſe meat time of the number of cattle, &c. killed in one
before her, and tempted her with tender words year in the city of London: ſheep and lambs
to eat, with a view to ſcreen himſelf from juſtice, 711,121; bulls, oxen, and cows, 78,254; calves,
In a day or two after this fhe died a ſhocking {pec 104,760; hogs for pork, 146,932 ; for bacon,
tacle, having no fleſh upon her bones, and the 41,000; fucking pigs, 52,600.
ſkin that encloſed them covered with vermin. At the ſpital ſermon preached at St. Bride's,
There were not leſs than eighty thouſand people, in Fleet.ftreet, before the Lord-mayor, aldermen,
who attended the execution of the inhuman &c, as governors of the city hoſpitals, was read
wretch ; and it was with great difficulty that the the following report of the ſtate of thoſe hoſpi.
refentment of the populace was reſtrained; for tals for the year 1766:
they were prepoſſeſſed that the puniſhment of
hanging was too mild for ſo heinous a crime. He
Chriſt's-Hoſpital.
feemed apprehenſive of being torn in pieces, and
haftened the executioner to perform his office. Children put forth apprentices, &c. ten where-
"Ne have mentioned this circumſtance, as we of had been inſtructed in the mathematics
159
think it a duty incumbent on us to tranſmit to Buried this
year
17
pofterity the infamy of a wretch, who could be Remaining in this hoſpital
$
873
St.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
413
II
400
76
St. Bartholomew's-Hospital.
their grant, upon paying the faid proprietors their
whole expence in occupying the ſaid arch.
Cured and diſcharged from this hoſpital 3745 On the fourteenth of September, Elizabeth
Out-patients relieved
3100 Brownrigg (wife of James Brownrigg, painter in
Truffes given by the hoſpital to
Fetter-lane, Fleet-ſtreet) was executed at Tyburn
Buried this year
349
for the murder of Mary Clifford her apprentice.
Remaining under cure
It appeared upon the trial that this infainous woman
Out-patients
141 had occaſioned the death of the child by a ſeries
of barbarities, which, if they were not well at-
St. Thomas's-Hoſpital.
tefted, would ſeem incredible to a compaſſionate
mind : that ſhe had beaten her on the head and
In-patients cured and diſcharged
3245 ſhoulders with the ſtump of a riding whip and
Out-patients ditto
3797 other weapons: that the child ſometimes lay on
Buried this year
301 the boards in the parlour, ſometimes in the paſ-
Remaining under cure
470 ſage, and ſometimes in the cellar ; but that her
Out-patients ditto
236 || general lodging was in the cellar, under the
kitchen ſtairs, a place about the bigneſs of a cloſet:
Bridewell-Hospital.
that ſometimes ſhe had a piece of ſack with ſome
ſtraw in it to lie on, fomecimes had a bit of a
Vagrants, &c. relieved and diſcharged 461 blanket to cover her, and ſometimts quite naked:
Maintained in ſeveral trades, &c.
that ſhe had been fometimes tied to a water-pipe,
and at others to a hook, and being ſtripped
Bethlehem-Hospital.
naked, whipped till the blood came : in a word,
it appeared from the depoſitions of an apothecary
Admitted into this hoſpital
195 and ſurgeon, that this poor child was beaten ſo as
Cured
172
to occaſion almoſt one continued wound from
Buried
44
head to foot, and that theſe wounds were the
Remaining under cure
251
cauſe of her death. The buſband and ſon of the
woman, who were in ſome degree concerned in
At a court of common-council held at Guild the cruelties inflicted on the child, being acquit-
hall the twenty-ſecond of May, a propoſal from ted of the murder, were afterwards tried for the
the lords of the treaſury was laid before the court aſſault, and ſentenced to be impriſoned in New-
for taking Greſham-college, in order to pull it gate fix months, and enter into recognizance for
down, and build on that ground an Exciſe-office. their good behaviour for ſeven years. Before ſhe
The plan was agreed to, and a committee ap left Newgate, her huſband and ſon took leave of
pointed to carry the ſaid work into immediate ex her in the cell. She appeared very penitent in the
ecution. Since which the college has been taken way to, and at the place of execution, where the
down, and the Exciſe-office is now building with crowd was ſo great, that many perſons were cona
all poſſible diſpatch.
ſiderably hurt. Her body was afterwards carried
On the fourth of June an uncommon inunda to Surgeon's-hall, and diffected.
tion happened in the road between Newington and On Sunday the twenty-ſeventh captain Wrot-
Clapham, occaſioned by heavy rains which had telly arrived in London with the melancholy
been falling three days before; the waters col news, that his royal highneſs Edward Auguſt,
lected in the road meeting with a high tide, run- || duke of York and Albany, died of a malignano
ning up Vauxhall creek, ſwelled to ſuch a degree, fever, at Monaco, the capital of a principality
that they foon covered Kennington-common, and of the ſame name, in the territories of Genoa,
entering ſome low grounds, deſtroyed the brick in Upper Italy, on the ſeventeenth.
works, and did other damage to the amount of The particulars of his royal highneſs's ſickneſs
two hundred pounds.
and death were as follow.
At another-court of commmon council held at His royal highneſs had danced rather too much
Guildhall the ſeventeenth of June, the freedom at the chateau of a perſon of faſhion, which had
of this city was voted to be preſented to the not only fatigued him, but occaſioned a very
right honourable Charles Townſhend, chancellor ſtrong perſpiration.
ſtrong perſpiration. As ſoon as the ball was
of the exchequer, in a gold box, as an acknow finiſhed, the prince gave orders for his carriages
ledgment of his kind and ſucceſsful endea to be got ready immediately, to ſet off for Tou-
vours to ſerve them in their application to parlia lon, from whence he was diſtant fome three or
ment for the ſeveral improvements to be made in four leagues. The gentlemen of the train, colo-
the metropolis. At the ſame time the report nels Morriſon and St. John, and captain Wrot-
which had been made relating to London-bridge, teſly, earneſtly repreſented to his royal highneſs
was taken into conſideration ; when Mr. Milne, the neceſſity of his remaining where he was, if
the ſurveyor, being examined, it was after a long not to go to bed yet till he was cool and had ſhift-
debate agreed, that the proprietors of the Lon- | ed himſelf: The prince declared there was no
don-bridge water-works ſhould be allowed the actual occaſion for ſuch caution, that he would
fifth arch of the ſaid bridge, agreeable to the wrap
himſelf
up
in his cloak, and that would be
terms contained in the city lands report, but un ſufficient; he did ſo, and ſtepped into his car-
der the expreſs conditions, that ſhould this grant || riage. The next day his royal highneſs com-
be hereafter found prejudicial to the navigation of plained of a ſlighe chillneſs and ſhivering; the in-
the river, the city ſhould have liberty to revoke diſpoſition, however, appeared ſo trifling, thac
35
he
5 M

HỈ S TORT and SURVE r of LONDON.
he went at night to the comedy ; but before it was every half hour, till the body ſhould be depoſited
over, his royal highneſs found himſelf infinitely on board the ſhip, and the chambre ardent to be
worfe, and was obliged to withdraw. He was prepared for lying in ſtate, according to the
feveriſh, thirſty, and complained of an immo. cuſtom of that country, with his body guard to
derate heat all over his body. By proper care, attend, and a guard from the regiment. Ac-
and drinking plentifully, the duke was much cordingly, the preparations were made in the
better in the morning, and therefore ſet forward largeſt apartment of the palace, hung with black:
for Monaco, the prince of which (who was per a high canopy in the middle, of black and ſilver,
fonally acquainted with his royal highneſs in with a repreſentation of a coffin of the fame,
his former tour to Italy), was waiting there in ex upon the top of fix ſtages or ſteps of black, on
pectation of the honour of a viſit from him; and each of which was a row of tapers, in large gold
the duke was rather inclined to accelerate his and ſilver candleſticks; on the coffin a ſilver pil-
journey thither, as in that prince's palace he low, with a coronet upon it, the ſword next to the
might naturally look for an affiſtance and accom coffin, and then the garter, george and ſtar; on
modation ſuperior to what he could reaſonably the ground, a row of torches round the whole :
hope to meet with in common places.
under the canopy behind the ſtage, was placed
The weather happened to be uncommonly hot, the coffin, which was made as near as poſſible in
which not a little incommoded his royal highneſs: the Engliſh manner, covered with the pall: on
he nevertheleſs arrived at Monaco in good ſpirits, each ſide were two mutes; and behind, colonel
but yet feveriſh, and with an head-ach; the latter St. John, colonel Morriſon, commodore Spry,
of which he imputed principally to the intenſe and Mr. Schutz, attended. The whole lighting
heat of the fun that whole day. The next day conſiſted of near two hundred tapers. The pro-
clie duke was worſe, and took to his bed entirely. ceffion from thence to the water fide was fixed
In hopes of a recovery, and unwilling to alarm for Sunday, at four o'clock in the afternoon, and
the king, his royal parent, and relations, he en the chambre ardent was opened at nine o'clock
joined his attendants on no account to write con that morning. At the ſetting out of the procef-
cerning his illneſs ro England. All poſſible ad ſion a ſignal was made for the ſhips to fire minute
vice and aſſiſtance was given, but to no purpoſe; guns, till the body ſhould be aboard. As it came
the fever was unconquerable. His royal highneſs out of the palace the regiment was drawn up,
now ſaw the danger of his ficuation, and he ſaw their drums in black, and officers in crapes; ac
it with a fortitude and reſignation rarely to be met the water-fide was the long boat, with a canopy
with, when bloon of youth and dignity of fta for the body, covered with black, and the royal
tion are united. Convinced that without ſome ſtandard hoiſted half height; and this was towed
unexpected turn in his diſtemper he muſt die, his by the captain's barge with mutes in it; behind
royal highneſs with the utmoſt calmneſs and com was the commodore's barge, with his royal high-
poſure of mind, adjuſted every ſtep conſequent neſs's ſervants, and two more barges for the re-
of the fatal event himſelf. He ordered that cap maining officers. The prince of Monaco con-
tain Wrotteſly ſhould bring the news to England, tinued at the water-ſide till the whole was on
and in what method it ſhould be diſcloſed. The board, when the royal ſtandard was hoiſted half
captain was firſt to wait on Mr. Le Grand, of high on board the ſhip, and the minute guns
Spring-Gardens, and with him to go to Leiceſter ceaſed : che garriſon then fired two rounds of
houſe, and then to Glouceſter-houſe, and having || cannon, and the regiment two rounds of running
communicated the event to the dukes his brothers, fire ; and the whole was conducted with the
to proceed to their majeſties, ſubmitting it to the greateſt regularity and folemnity.
king and queen in what manner and by whom it
ſhould be imparted to his royal parent. After The order of the proceſſion was as follows:
his royal highneſs had ſettled this arrangement, he
20
ſeemed remarkably eaſy. He declared himſelf
The guard.
perfectly reſigned to the divine will; and he
Sailors with flambeaux.
ſpoke of his diſſolution with all the piety and re-
All the duke's ſervants,
folution of a chriſtian and a man; acting up to
Two ſurgeons a-breaſt,
thoſe exalted characters to his lateſt breath. His
Four mutes.
royal highneſs, through the mercy of the great Gentlemen who carry the enſigns of the garters
creator, was ſenſible to his laſt moment, and the
Lieutenants, two by two.
very morning of his death dictated a letter to their
The coffin, fupported by failors.
majeſties, his illuſtrious parent, and the royal fa Four pall-bearers, two on each ſide.
mily; defiring the writer to expedite it, as he Six canopy bearers, three on each ſide.
had but a few minutes to ſpare, and thoſe to em-
Colonel St. John.
ploy in ſtill more momentous concerns.
Colonel Morriſon.
Before his royal highneſs died, he ordered all
The prince of Monaco.
the gentlemen of his retinue to his bedſide, where
Gentlemen his attendants.
he took a very affectionate leave of them, and The reſt of the Engliſh gentlemen, two by two.
deſired, that as he could not poſſibly live many
hours longer, his bliſters might be taken off to Such were the laſt honours paid to the duke of
give him a little eaſe in his laſt moments, which York in a foreign country, by a catholic prince,
was accordingly done.
a circumſtance which proves, that politeneſs and
As ſoon as his royal highneſs was dead, the humanity are of all nations.
prince of Monaco ordered a cannon to be fired His royal highneſs's remains arrived at London

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON .
4.15
66
66
>>
And on
૯૮
In the ſhip Montreal on the firſt of November, " I regard your condolence on the melancholy
and on the third was depoſited in the royal vault event of the duke of York's death, as an ad-
in king Henry the VIIth's chapel, with the ac “ ditional proof of your attachment to me, and
cuſtomed pomp and folemnity. The coffin in my family; and I take this firſt opportunity of
which bis remains were brought home was chang " expreſſing my thanks for it."
ed for one made by the king's upholſterer, on
which his bighneſs's titles were elegantly en-
At a court of aldermen held at Guildhall the
graved.
fixteenth, the ſum of one hundred pounds was
About noon on the ſecond of November the ordered to be paid to the widow of the late wor-
queen was fafely delivered of a prince, who, on thy alderman Cockayne, as a teſtimony of the
the firſt of December following, was baptized ſenſe they entertained of his ever being ready and
at St. James's by the name of Edward.
willing to ſerve his fellow-citizens,
the eleventh the right honourable the Lord On the twenty-eighth the tide ebbed and flowed
mayor, aldermen and commons of the city of about five in the morning, twice in an hour and
London, in common-council afſembled, waited a half, at London-bridge and Greenwich.
on his majeſty; and being introduced to his ma A body of weavers, armed with ruſty ſwords,
jeſty by the right honourable the earl of Hertford, piſtols and other offenſive weapons, aſſembled on
lord chamberlain of his majeſty's houſold, Jaines the thirtieth at a houſe on-Saffron-hill, with an
Eyre, eſq; the recorder, made their compliments || intent to deſtroy the work in the looms of an eni-
in the following addreſs :
nent weaver near that place, but were happily
diſperſed without much miſchief. Some of them
“ May it pleaſe your majeſty,
were apprehended, and being examined before
the juſtices at Hicks’s-hall, it appeared that two
* We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal claſſes of weavers were mutually combined to
* ſubjects, the Lord mayor, aldermen, and com diſtreſs each other ; namely, the engine and nar-
mons of the city of London, in common row weavers. The former were ſuppoſed to be
« council aſſembled, happy in every occaſion of ruinous to the latter, becauſe, by means of their
approaching your royal preſence with our moſt engines, one of them could do as much in one
“ dutiful congratulations, beg leave to expreſs | day as fix of the other, and the ſame kind of work
our unfeigned joy on the ſafe delivery of that || equally good; for which reaſon the narrow wea-
“ moſt excellent princeſs the queen, and further vers were determined to deſtroy them. The men
“ increaſe of your royal family by the birth of who were taken up were engine weavers, and they
65 another prince.
urged in their favour that they only affembled in
“ We cannot but feel ourſelves deeply in order to defend themſelves from a party of the
" tereſted in every event which affects the illuf others who were expected to riſe. As they had
« trious houſe of Hanover, under whoſe mild done no miſchief, they were all diſmiſſed with a
government the Britiſh ſubjects have, for more ſevere reprimand for not having applied to the
" than half a century, been bleſſed with a full civil magiſtrate for protection.
“ enjoyment of their civil and religious rights,
At a court of common-council held at Guild-
"5 and a ſeries of happineſs unknown to the fame
hall the fifteenth of December, the ſum of two
" extent in any former period.
hundred pounds a year additional ſalary was vot-
" Permit us, therefore, royal Sir, at the ſame ed to the recorder of London; and one hundred
66 time, humbly to offer our ſincere condolence and fifty pounds a year to the common-ſerjeant.
on the much lamented death of your majeſty's On the twenty-firft a ſevere froſt fet in from the
royal brother the duke of York, whoſe many
E. S. E. which was followed by a deep ſnow,
“ eminent and princely virtues have moft juftly || by which the navigation of the river Thames was
“ endeared his memory to all your majeſty's || greatly obſtructed, and the poſts retarded all over
loyal ſubjects, and made the private loſs of the the kingdom. This froſt was ſo ſevere in the
“ royal family a public misfortune.
Weſt of England, that a carpenter at work there,
“ May the divine providence long preſerve having put a key into his mouth, loft the ſkin of
your majeſty; and may there never be wanting his lips by taking it out again.
“ one of your majeſty's royal deſcendants to be About eight o'clock in the evening of the
guardian of our moſt happy conſticution.” twenty-fifth, a dreadful fire broke out adjoining
to a cabinet-maker's in Hounſditch, which con-
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to ſumed that houſe, a large ſtock of cimber, new
return this moſt gracious anſwer:
furniture, &c. and alſo two other dwelling.
houſes adjoining, with many out-houſes, work-
" I thank you for this loyal addreſs, and for fhops, and warehouſes. Among the goods con-
« the ſatisfaction you expreſs in the increaſe of ſumed was 1000l, of furniture juſt finiſhed for
“ my family : thoſe expreſſions of your zealous Mr. David Barclay, and intended to have been
" attachment cannot but be agreeable to me. carried home in a few days. It was remarkable
“ The religion and liberties of my people always that a fire broke out the ſame day at the ſaid Mr.
" have been and ever ſhall be, the conſtant ob Barclay's ftables at Hackney, and deſtroyed cwo
jects of my care and attention, and I ſhall fine hunters, with three other horſes.
« efteem it one of my firſt duties to inſtill the His majeſty having been graciouſly pleaſed to
« fame principles into thoſe who may ſucceed ſignify his intention of filling up the vacant ſtall
of the principal companion of the moſt honour-
able
46
66
66 me.

416
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
able military order of the bath, in the room of || by the earl of Breadalbane to the fovereign, his
his late royal highneſs the duke of Cumberland; royal highneſs, kneeling, was knighted : after
the ſeveral officers of the order attended at St. which the earl of Cholmondley having received
James's on the thirtieth for that purpoſe. The the ribbon from Bath king of arms, preſented it
ceremony was performed in his majeſty's cloſet, to the ſovereign, who put the ribbon over his
after the levee in the following manner: The royal highnefs's right ſhoulder : his royal high-
ſovereign wearing the ribbon, with the ſymbol neſs then kiffed his majeſty's hand, and, riſing
of the order pendant to it, Henry Hill, eſq; up, retired. His majeſty was afterwards pleaſed,
gentleman uſher, bearing the ſcarlet rod, and in confideration of the tender years of his royal
habited in the mantle of the order, and Samuel highneſs, to grant a diſpenſation under his royal
Horſey, eſq; Bath king of arms in his mantle, ſign manual and ſeal of the order, declaring it to
bearing on a cuſhion the ribbon, with the badge be his royal pleaſure, that the conferring the de :
of the order, preceded his royal highneſs prince | gree of knighthood by the ſword of ſtate ſhould
Frederick, ſupported by the earls of Chulmondley be ſufficient to inveſt his royal highneſs fully and
and Breadalbane, the two fenior knights of the effectually with this order, in as ample manner as
order, a gentleman ulher, daily waiter, carrying || if his royal highneſs had perſonally performed all
the ſword of ſtate. The ſword being delivered the accuſtomed folemnities.
CH A P T E R L.
Great froſ. Election of the city repreſentatives. Mr. Wilkes's addreſs to the livery. Is
choſen member for the county of Middleſex. Riots occafioned thereby. Remarkable low tide.
Diſturbances among the coalheavers. Mr. Wilkes committed to the King's-bench priſon.
Fire in Whitechapel
. The failors petition bis majeſty to raiſe their wages. Riot in St.
George's-fields. Another in the Borough. Great fire at Dockhead. Fray between the
coalbeavers and failors. Farther proceedings againſi Mr. Wilkes. Violent form of thun-
der and lightning. Remarkable fall of rain. Mr. Wilkes ele&ted alderman. Twice re-
choſen member for Middleſex. Petitions preſented to his majeſty from the livery of London,
and counties of Middleſex and Surry, &c. &c.
As this laſt chapter of the Hiſtory will contain many circumſtances of a very peculiar nature,
we ſhall
, for the ſake of perſpicuity, give them as near as poſſible in the order in which they
occurred.
T
HE year 1768 began with a very ſevere of the lady's, on whom he had lately conferred a.
froſt, which greatly contributed to the genteel place. This young fellow had been at
calamity of the lower ſort of people, firſt recommended to the general by the duke of
who were already ſeverely diſtreſſed by the exor Richmond. He therefore waited upon his grace,
bitant price of proviſions. And on the ninth of and deſired that the clerks of the bank who were
January the river below bridge carried all the ap concerned in paying the money would attend him
pearance of a general wreck; ſhips, boats, and there. They did lo; and the young man, being
In all craft lying in a very confuſed manner, fome ſent for, came, and on his firſt appearance was
on ſhore, and others ſunk or overſet by the ice. known, and poſitively charged with being the
A filhing boat was diſcovered near Deptford | perſon who changed the note : on which he con-
creek cloſe choaked in with ice ; the people were feſſed the fact, with all its circumſtances; and for
all frozen to death; the youngeſt of them, a which he was afterwards executed.
youth about ſeventeen, was found fitting as erect On the fixteenth of March came on at Guildhall
I almoſt as if alive.
the election of members to repreſent this city in
On the ſecond of March, between five and ſix parliament; when the right hon. Mr. Harley,
o'clock in the morning, a fire was diſcovered in Lord-mayor, Sir Robert Ladbroke, William
the library of the right hon. Henry Seymour Con Beckford, efq; John Wilkes, eſq; Sir Richard
way, in Warwick-ftreet, which conſumed a great || Glyn, Barlow Trecothick, eſq; and John Pater-
number of books and writings, and greatly da ſon, efq; offered themſelves as candidates. The
maged the apartment. On examining the drawers four firſt were declared to have the greateſt ſhew
in the writing table, bank notes to the value of of hands; but a poll being demanded, the ſame
925l. were miſſing, one of which for 500l. was commenced immediately, and was finiſhed on the
the ſame morning received at the bank : this cir 23d when the numbers appeared as follow :
cumftance left no room to doubt but that the li The Lord-mayor
3279
brary had been wilfully ſet on fire ; the general Sir Robert Ladbroke
3678
himſelf went therefore to the bank to ſee, if from William Beckford, efq;
3402
the hand writing on the note received, any diſco Barlow Trecothick, eſq;
2957
very could be made; and by a peculiar character Sir Richard Glyn
in the aſſumed name, the gentleman was led to John Paterſon, eſq;
1269
ſuſpect a young fellow who had married a ſervant John Wilkes, eſq;
1247
$
After
2823
1

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
417
827
After the poll was over, Mr. Wilkes addreſſed The election for Middleſex having been ap-
himſelf to the livery in the fo'lowing ſpeech : pointed on the twenty-eighth, Sir William Beaus
champ Proctor and Mr. Wilkes, two of the can-
6 Gentlemen and fellow-citizens,
didates for the ſaid county, ſet out for Brentford,
where the election came on about ten in the morn-
" The poll being now finiſhed, I return my ing. Mr. Cooke, the other candidate, could not
fincereft thanks to thoſe diſintereſted and inde attend, being confined to his room with the gout.
pendent friends, who have ſo generouſly and Mr. Wilkes went in a coach drawn by ſix long-
ſteadily ſtood forth in my favour. The want of tailed horſes, and was attended by a prodigious
ſucceſs, out of your power to command, has not number of people to the place of election, which
in the leaſt abated my zeal for your ſervice. You was held in the middle of Brentford Butts, a tem-
cannot be unacquainted with the various circum porary booth being erected there for that pur-
ftances which have contributed to it. My friends | poſe. The majority of hands appeared in favour
were of opinion that I ſhould wait a diffolution of Sir William Beauchamp Proctor and Mr.
of the laſt parliament, while the other candidates Wilkes, who were accordingly returned; but a
had been for many months ſolliciting your inter- | poll being demanded in behalf of Mr. Cooke,
eſt. Miniſterial influence, affiſted by private ma the ſame came on immediately ; and at five in the
lice, has been exerted in the moſt arbitrary and afternoon Mr. Wilkes had polled fix to one more
unconfticutional manner, and by means of the than that gentleman. At nine o'clock the poll
bafeſt chicanery and oppreſſion.
finally cloſed, when the number for each candi-
“ But, though diſappointed, I am not in the date appeared as follows:
leaſt diſpirited : on the contrary, I reflect with
pride and graticude on the many inſtances of re For John Wilkes, eſq;
1 292
gard and affection I have received from the livery
Sir W. B. Proctor
807
of London.
George Cooke, eſq;
“ I beg leave to make my beſt acknowledg-
ments to the ſheriffs, who have ſhewn the utmoſt Accordingly George Cooke, eſq; and Mr.
candour and impartiality during the election, ac Wilkes were declared duly elected.
companied with a dignity of character becoming The mob behaved in a very outrageous inan-
their ſtation in this great metropolis.
ner at Hyde-Park Corner, where they pelted Mr.
“ And now, gentlemen, permit me to addreſs | Cooke, ſon of the city marſhal, and knocked
you as friends to liberty, and freeholders of the him from his horſe, took off the wheels of one
county of Middleſex; declaring my intention of of the carriages, cut the harneſs, and broke the
appearing as a candidate to repreſent you in par the glaſſes to pieces; and ſeveral other carriages
liament, and ſtill hoping, by your means, to have were greatly damaged. Theſe violent proceed-
the honour of being uſeful to you in the Britiſh ings were occaſioned by a flag being carried be-
ſenate.
fore the proceſſion of Mr. Wilkes's antagoniſts,
“ Gentlemen of the livery, I recommend it on which was painted, No Blaſphemer. Exclu-
to you in the ſtrongeſt manner, to exert yourſelves five of the aſſault made upon Mr. Cooke, ſon of
to preſerve the peace and quiet of this great the city marſhal, ſome other gentlemen, and more
city.”
o particularly the two old members, were affronted
by the populace.
The populace, on Mr. Wilkes's return from At night likewiſe the rabble were very tumul-
Guildhall, to ſhew their zeal, took the horſes tuous : fome perſons who had voted in favour of
from his carriage, and drew it themſelves. Mr. Wilkes, having put out lights, the mob pa-
The conteſt, during this election, was very raded the whole town from Eaſt to Weſt, oblig-
warm; and papers and addreſſes to the public ing every body to illuminate, and breaking the
were every day publiſhed, as uſual, for and againſt windows of ſuch as did not do it immediately.
the ſeveral candidates. Mr. Wilkes ſeemed to The windows of the manſion houſe, in particular,
be the darling of the populace, and ſome inde were demoliſhed all to pieces, together with a
cencies were committed in and about the hall. large chandelier and ſome pier glaſſes, to the
A ſubſcription was ſet on foot, ſucceſsfully, for amount of many hundred pounds. They de-
paying that gentleman's debts; and there ap moliſhed all the windows of lord Bute, lord Ega
peared the following copy of a letter from him, mont, Sir Sampſon Gideon, Sir William Mayne,
to Meſſrs. Nuthall and Francis, ſollicitor and de and niany other gentlemen and tradeſmen in moſt
puty follicitor of the treaſury.
of the public ſtreets of both cities, London and
Weſtminſter. In ſhort, the whole evening was
Sir,
London, March 22, 1768. one continued ſcene of noiſe and tumult.
The next day orders were given to the guards
I take the liberty of acquainting you, that in on duty at St. James's, to be in readineſs at the
the beginning of the enſuing term I ſhall preſenc beat of drum, to march to ſuppreſs any riot that
myſelf to the court of King's-bench. I pledge || might happen. And the day following, a court
my honour as a gentleman, that on the very firſt of common-council was ſummoned on purpoſe
day I will there make my perſonal appearance. to conſider of the moſt proper and effectual
means to prevent for the future, as well as to pu.
I am, Sir,
niſh, all ſuch as ſhould be found to have been
Your moſt humble fervant, guilty of the late riots and diſturbances in this
JOHN WILKES. city, and the court came to a reſolution to proſe-
35
cute,
5 N

478
HİSTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
cute, with the utmoſt vigour, all and every per " As to the charge againſt me, for the publi-
fon who ſhould be convicted of having been ac cation of a poem, which has given juſt offences
,
tive in the riots, and to offer, by advertiſement, I will afiert that ſuch an idea never entered my
a reward of fifty pounds for the diſcovery of mind. I bluſh again at the recollection that in
every offender, to be paid on their conviction ; has been at any time, and in any way, brought to
and ordered the fame to be inſerted in every daily the public eye, and drawn from the obſcurity in
and evening paper, and a large number of the which it remained under my roof. Twelve co-
faid reſolution to be printed and poſted up in the pies of a ſmall part of it had been printed in my
moſt public places of this city, and the liber houſe, at my own private preſs. I had carefully
ties thereof. They alſo directed, that ſuch locked them up, and I never gave one to my
proſecutions as ſhould ariſe from their reſolu moſt intimate friend. G -t, after the affair
tion ſhould be referred to the committee appoint of the North Briton, bribed one of my ſervants
ed to direct their law proceedings. It was re to rob me of the copy, which was produced in
ferred to the manſion-houſe committee to order the houſe of peers, and afterwards before this
the immediate reparation of all ſuch damages as
honourable court. The nation was juſtly offend-
the ſaid houſe might have ſuſtained by the faid ed, but not with me, for it was evident that I
riots and tumults.
had not been guilty of the leaſt offence to the
On the tenth of April the tide in the river public. I pray God to forgive, as I do, the jury,
Thames was ſo remarkably low, that it was wich
who have found me guilty of publiſhing a poem
difficulty even a wherry could croſs it. The ſand I concealed with care, and which is not even yer
banks on both ſides London-bridge were entirely publiſhed, if any preciſe meaning can be affixed
dry.
to any word in our language.
On the fifteenth a deſperate fray happened at “ But, my lords, neither of the two verdicts
Wapping among ſeveral gangs of coalheavers, in could have been found againſt me, if the records
which many perſons were wounded, and three had not been materially altered without my con-
houſes almoſt deſtroyed. And on the twentieth, ſent, and, as I am informed, contrary to I-.
a great body of them aſſembled at Wapping, and On the evening before the two trials,
belet the houſe of Mr. Green, a publican, who
cauſed the records to be altered at his own houſe,
defended the ſame all night; and a great many againſt the conſent of my follicitor, and without my
shot were fired on both ſides, wherein three of the knowledge; for a dangerousillneſs, ariſing from an
aſſailants were killed, and ſeveral dangerouſly affair of honour, detained me at that time abroad.
wounded.
The alterations were of the utmoſt importance;
On the twentieth Mr. Wilkes appeared before and I was in confequence tried the very next day
the court of King's-bench, Weſtminſter, and de on two new charges, of which I could know no-
clared his ſurrender in the following ſpeech: thing: I will venture to declare this proceeding
un--nal. I am adviſed that it is il, and that
My lords,
it renders both the verdiets abſolutely void.
“ I have ſtood forth, my lords, in ſupport of
" According to the voluntary promiſe I made the laws againſt the arbitrary act of minifters.
to the public, I now appear before this ſovereign This court of juſtice, in a folemn appeal reſpect-
court of juſtice, to ſubmit myſelf in every thing ing general warrants, ſhewed their ſenſe of my
to the laws of my country.
conduet. I ſhall continue to reverence the wiſe
“ Two verdicts have been found againſt me. and mild ſyſtem of Engliſh laws, and this excel-
One is for the re-publication of the North Briton, lent conftitution. I have been much miſrepre-
No. 45, the other for the publication of a ludi ſented; but, under every ſpecies of perſecution,
crous poem.
I will remain firm and friendly to the monarchy,
“ As to the re-publication of the number of dutiful and affectionate to the illuſtrious prince
the North Briton, I cannot yet fee that there is who wears the crown, and to the whole Brunf-
the ſmalleſt degree of guilt. I have often read wick line.
and examined that famous paper. I know that it “ As to all nice, intricate points of law, I
is in every part founded on the ſtrongeſt evidence am ſenſible how narrow and circumſcribed my
of facts. I find it full of duty and reſpect to ideas are; but I have experienced the deep
the perſon of the king, although it arraigns, in knowledge and great abilities of my counſel.
the ſevereſt manner, the conduct of his majeſty's With them I reſt the legal part of my defence,
then miniſters, and brings very heavy charges ſubmitting every point to the judgment of this
home to them. I am perfuaded they were well honourable court, and to the laws of England.”
grounded, becauſe every one of thoſe miniſters
has ſince been removed. No one inſtance of When Mr. Wilkes had finiſhed this fpeech,
falſhood has yet been pointed out in that pretend Mr. Attorney general moved for his immediate
ed libel, nor was the word falſe in the informa commitment on the outlawry. He was anſwered
tion before this court. I am, therefore, perfectly by Mr. Serjeant Glyn, Mr. Recorder of London,
eaſy under every imputation reſpecting a paper, Mr. Mansfeld, and Mr. Davenport, ſucceſſively:
in which truth has guided the pen of the writer, who all moved the court for a writ of error, which
whoever he was, in every ſingle line; and it is Mr. attorney-general, on being applied to the
this circumſtance which has drawn on me, as the Saturday week before, had refuſed to grant. They
ſuppoſed auchor, all the cruelties of miniſterial ſpecified ſeveral particulars in which the proceſs of
vengeance,
ad op the outlawry was erroneous, as fufficient ground
for
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
419
for the motion, and offered to give any bail for veral troops of horſe, in caſe of any diſturbance.
Mr. Wilkes's appearance. The court then pro Proper precautions were likewiſe taken in the
ceeded to give their opinions : and firſt, lord M. city, by the conſtables being ordered to be in rea-
ſpoke long and forcibly on the impropriety of dineſs, all of whom, both in Weſtminſter and the
the procedure on both ſides ; obſerving, that the city; together with the military, were ordered to
attorney-general could not, with the leaſt appear be in waiting till two o'clock the next morning.
ance of reaſon or of law, move for the commit On the twenty-fifth a large body of coal-
ment of a perſon who was not legally in court; heavers aſſembled in a riotous manner in Wap-
nor had the counſel for the defendant any better ping, went on board the colliers, and obliged
plea for their motion in favour of a man who ap the men who were ac work to leave off. Theſe
peared gratis before them: He added, that had men complained of their maſters, the under:
Mr. Wilkes been brought thither by a writ of takers ; that they oppoſed them in various ſhapes;
capias utlegatum, the motion might then have that they curtailed their wages, paid them not in
been made with propriety, and the court might money, but in liquor and goods of a bad quality;
have exerted, had they pleaſed, their diſcretionary and that theſe undertakers got fortunes, while
power in accepting or refuſing his bail. His | they, who did the work, were ſtarving. This
lordſhip farther expreſſed himfelf as very happy riot was attended with much bloodſhed: the riot-
in having an opportunity of explaining his fenti ters having met with oppoſition, fought deſpea
ments publickly, before ſo large an audience, with rately, and ſeveral lives were loft.
regard to the charge brought againſt him by Mr. To return to the affair of Mr. Wilkes. On
Wilkes, of granting an order for the amendment the 27th Mr. Wilkes's attorney acquainted the
in the information againſt him, in fub titucing the attorney-general, that Mr. Wilkes was in cuſtody
word tenor inſtead of purport; declaring, repeat- || by a writ of capias utlegatum, and prayed that
edly, that he thought himſelf bound in duty to the writ of error might be granted, but the at-
grant it; that he conceived it to be the uniform
torney general not thinking that information fuf-
practice of all the judges to grant ſuch amend ficient (though he doubted not that gentleman's
ments; that he had himſelf frequently repeated || veracity) for him to grant it, the under-ſheriff
the ſame practice in other cauſes, without the leaſt waited on him in conſequence, and acquainted
objection being over offered againſt it. The reſt him, that Mr. Wilkes was in cuſtody, and would
of the judges agreed with the chief juſtice in appear in court by his Habeas ; whereupon the
opinion, that, as Mr. Wilkes was not legally be attorney-general admitted the writ of error; and,
fore the court, no proceedings could be had up about three o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Wilkes
on his caſe. And it was particularly remarked, was introduced in a legal manner into the court
that the officers of the crown had no right to of King's-bench : when his counſel moved, as
throw upon that court the buſineſs of commiting the writ of error was granted, that Mr. Wilkes
Mr. Wilkes upon his gratis appearance, out of might be admitted to bail; but the court were of
the common courſe of law, when they might have | opinion that neither he nor any perſon could be
brought him before it legally by a writ of capias admitted to bail after conviction, and accordingly
ut legatum, which it would have been very eaſy to ordered Mr. Wilkes into cuſtody by the proper
have executed, ſince he had notoriouſly appeared officers of the court ; but as he was conveying to
in publick for ſeveral weeks paft; and in that the king's-bench priſon in a hackney coach, at-
caſe the attorney-general might have made his mo tended by Mefl. Stichall and Holloway, tipſtaffs
tion with propriety.
to lord Mansfield, the mob ſtopped the coach on
Theſe arguments being adjuſted, Mr. Wilkes, Weſtminſter-bridge, took out the horſes, and
about two o'clock, left the court ; and though drew it along the Strand, Fleet-ſtreet, &c. to
there was a very great crowd, not the leaſt dif- Spital-fields. When they came to Spital-ſquare,
turbance happened. Information indeed had been they obliged the two tipſtaffs to get out, and let
given to the Lord-mayor, that ſome perſons at a them go very quietly away: they then drew Mr.
public houſe in Duke’s-place were preparing to Wilkes to the Three Tuns tavern in Spital-fields,
raiſe a mob; and his lordſhip ordered the proper where, from a one pair of ſtairs window, he
officers to enquire into the truth of that informa earneſtly entreated them to retire, which they did
tion, who found a blue flag with No. 45 upon it, || accordingly. After which he went in a private
a hanger and hatchet lying by it, and two men as manner, and ſurrendered himſelf to the inarſhal
a guard to defend it, whom the officers appre of the King's-bench priſon. Many juſtices of the
hended, and his lordſhip comınitted them to the peace, and a prodigious number of conſtables ac-
compter.
tended in and near Weſtminſter-hall, but not the
Weſtminſter hall was very full on the occaſion, leaſt noiſe or riot enſued.
as well as both the palace-yards; but the populace The next day he was viſited by many of his
behaved very quiet, except huzzaing Mr. Wilkes friends, and the priſon was ſurrounded by a nu-
when he came to the window of a coffee-houſe, merous concourſe of people, who it was expected
where he retired after he quicted the court. The would have offered fome outrage ; but all re-
magiſtrates of Weſtminſter divided themſelves in mained quiet till night, when they pulled up
the ſeveral liberties, and the conſtables attended the rails which encloſed the footway, with which
at call in every part, two battalions of the guards || they made a bonfire, and obliged the inhabitants
lay on their arıns in St. James's-park, others were of the Borough to illuminate their houſes ; but
in St. George's-fields, alſo thoſe at St. James's, the a captain's guard of 100 men arriving, about
Savoy and the Tower, were all kept in readineſs twelve, they all quietly diſperſed.
tomarch at a minute's warning; as were alſo ſe-
On
2

420
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
65
On the thirtieth a dreadful fire broke out in “ the remains of arbitrary power and ſtar-cham-
Whitechapel-road, occaſioned by laying wet faw " ber inquiſition, and of improving as well as
duſt on the oven to dry, which taking fire, ſoon ſecuring the generous plans of freedom, which
communicated itſelf to a coach-makers adjoining; " were the boaſts of our anceſtors, and I truſt
from whence the flames ſpread fo rapidly, that fix
66 will remain the nobleſt inheritance of our po-
houſes were intirely conſumed, and the inhabi ſterity, the only genuine characteriſtic of Eng.
tants loſt all their effects.
Co lifhmen.
On the ſecond of May fome thouſands of ſailors
aſſembled in Stepney-fields, where certain articles
“I have the honour to be, with affection
relating to an increaſe of wages, and a pecition
" and regard, gentlemen, your obliged
intended to be preſented to parliament, were read;
66 and faichful humble ſervant,
after which, a numerous party of them paraded
JOHN WILKES.
to the Royal-exchange, and joined in repeated “ King's-bench priſon,
huzzas, but on remonftrances from a gentleman
Thurſday, May 5, 1768."
there to one of their chieftains, they were imme-
diately drawn off, and a deputation appointed to On the tenth, in the afternoon, a great body
attend ſome merchants, affembled at the King's of people aſſembled about the King's bench pri-
arms tavern in Cornhill, in order chat their com fon, in expectation that Mr. Wilkes was to go
plaints might be taken into conſideration. On the from thence to the parliament-houſe, (it being the
ſeventh a great number of them aſſembled in St. firſt day of opening the new parliament) and de-
George's-fields, and went to St. Janies's, with ſigning to convey him thither. They demanded
colours flying, drums beating, and fifes playing, him at the priſon, and grew very tumultuous;
and preſented a petition to his majeſty, ſetting whereupon the riot act was begun to be read, but
forth their grievances, and praying relief. the populace threw ſtones and brick bats while it
was reading, when William Allen, ſon of Mr.
The following addreſs was at this time iſſued Allen, maſter of the Horſeſhoe-inn, in Blackman-
from Mr. Wilkes to the freeholders of the county ſtreet, Southwark, being ſingled out, was pur-
of Middleſex.
ſued by one of the foldiers, and ſhot dead on the
ſpot. Soon after this, the crowd increaſing, an
“ Gentlemen,
additional number of the guards were ſent for,
who marched thither, and alſo a party of horſe-
« In ſupport of the liberties of this country grenadiers; when the riot continuing, the mob was
againſt the arbitrary rule of miniſters, I was fired upon by the ſoldiers, and five were killed on
“ before committed to the Tower, and am now the ſpot, and about fifteen wounded. Two wo-
" ſentenced to this priſon. Steadineſs, with, I men were among the wounded, one of whom af-
6c hoje, ſtrength of mind, do not however leave terwards died in St. Thomas's hoſpital. The next
me; for the ſame conſolation follows me here, day an inquiſition was taken by the coroner for
ss the conſcienciouſneſs of innocence, of having || Surry, on the body of the above William Allen,
“ done my duty and exerted all my poor abilities, when the verdict was given by the jury, that
not unfuccefsfully for this nation. I can ſubmit Donald Maclane was guilty of wilful murder,
even to far greater fufferings with chearfulneſs, and Donald Maclaury, and Alexander Murray,
" becauſe I fee that my countrymen reap the the commanding officer, were aiding and abet-
" happy fruits of my labours and perſecutions, || ting therein.--This inqueſt was held at the houſe
" by the repeated deciſions of our ſovereign of Mr. Allen; and it appeared on the examination
“ courts of juſtice in favour of liberty. I there that the deceaſed was only a ſpectator, and, on
• fore bear up with fortitude, and even glory that || ſeeing ſome perſons run, he ran alſo, but was un-
I am called to ſuffer in this cauſe, becauſe I con happily miſtaken, and followed by the ſoldiers
56 tinue to find the nobleſt reward, the applauſe five hundred yards into a cow-houſe, where he
< of my native country, of this great, free, and was ſhot. Donald Maclane was committed to
fpirited people.
priſon for the murder, but his aſſociates were ad-
" I chiefly regret, gentlemen, that this con mitted to bail. Two inquiſitions were afterwards
“ finement deprives me of the honour of thank taken in the Borough, on perſons killed by the
“ ing you in perſon, according to my promiſe ; ſoldiers in quelling the above riot; one on the body
" and at preſent takes from me, in a great degree, of Mary Jeffs, who, having a baſket with oranges
<< the power of being uſeful to you. The will, to ſell, was ſhot dead in removing them; the
“ however, to do every ſervice to my conſtituents other on William Bridgeman, who was ſhot on
* remains in its full force; and when my ſuffer. the top of a bay.cart, as he was looking at the
ings have a period, the firſt day I regain my fray at a diſtance : on both theſe inquiſitions the
liberty ſhall reſtore a life of zeal in the cauſe || jury brought in their verdict chance medley. It
" and intereſts of the county of Middleſex. appeared, by the evidence, that, on the juſtices
“ In this priſon, in any other, in every place, || taking down a paper that had been fixed againſt
my ruling paſſion will be the love of England a wall of the priſon, the mob grew riotous, and
" and our free conſtitution. To theſe objects I
“ give us the paper ; which the juſti-
s6 will make every ſacrifice. Under all the op ces not regarding, ſtones began to be thrown; and
preſſions which miniſterial rage and revenge the cry, “give us the paper,” grew louder ; the
can invent, my ſteady purpoſe is, to concert drums beat to arms; the proclamation was read ;
56 with you, and other true friends of this coun the juſtices were pelted who read it; great pains
try, the moſt probable means of rooting out were taken to perſuade the people to diſperſe ; the
horfer
(6
cried out,

HISTORT and SURV E T of LONDON.
421
horſe-guards were ſent for, and it was not till the failors, wherein ſeveral of the latter were killed.
laſt extremity that the ſoldiers received orders to The coalheavers marched off in triuniph; with
fire. But what was very remarkable, not one colours flying, drums beating, &c. offering five
concerned in the riot was hurt by the firing, in guineas for a ſailors head. The ſhips below
the open fields. Donald Maclane was afterwards bridge were obliged to keep conftant watch, day
tried at the Surry aſſizes held at Guilford, and and night, crying, “all is well.” In ſhort, to ſo
acquitted.
great a height was this inſurrection got, that the
The next day the mob aſſembled before the inhabitants of Wapping were perpetually under
houſe of Edward Ruſſel, eſq; diſtiller in the the moſt direful apprehenſions. A party of guards
Borough, broke open the door, ſtaved ſome caſks conſtantly attended for ſome days; during which
of liquor, drank ic immoderately, and began pul ſeveral diſturbances aroſe, and many coalheavers
ling down the houſe; but the military interpoſing, were taken up by the ſoldiery, and carried before
four of the moſt intoxicated were ſeized, and the Sir John Fielding, who, on examination, com-
reſt made their eſcape. At the ſame time the mitted theni to' Newgate. Two of them were
front of the houſe of Richard Capel, eſq; in Ber afterwards tried at the Old-Bailey for the murder
mondſey was demoliſhed, and Mr. Capel himſelf of one Battie, a ſeaman, and being convicted,
wounded. Theſe outrages were occaſioned by were executed at Tyburn, as were ſeven others (in
the activity of the above two gentlemen, in ſup the Sun-tavern fields, near where the riot was
preſling the tumults in St. George's-fields. committed) for ſhooting at Mr. Green, the maſter
The ſame day upwards of fifteen thouſand of the Round-about-tavern in Shadwell. This
failors went through the city to petition the par example produced a happy effect; the tumults
liament for an augmentation of their wages. immediately ceaſed, and peace and induſtry fup-
When they were in Palace-yard, they were ad plied the place of reſentment and miſchief.
dreſſed by two gentlemen, mounted on the roof
On the fifteenth Mr. Wilkes was brought to
of a hackney-coach, and were cold, that they the court of King's-bench, Weſtminſter-hall; when
could receive no immediate anſwer to their peti- || the arguments on the arreſt of judgment was en-
tion ; but that it would be conſidered in due tered on by Mr. Attorney-general, Mr. Thurloe,
time: on which they gave three cheers and diſ and Sir Fletcher Norton, on behalf of the crown ;
perſed. Their chiefs afterwards waited on a com and by Mr. Serjeant Glyn, Mr. Recorder of
mittee of merchants, and matters were accommo London, and Mr. Davenport, on the part of the
dated to their general fatisfaction.
defendant. Mr. Serjeant Glyn, entered further
A very conſiderable body of coalheavers affem than he had before done on the impropriety of the
bled in Stepney-fields, and proceeded from thence information being filed by the ſollicitor-general;
to all the coal-wharfs from Shadwell to Eflex but the court were ſo clearly of opinion, the bu-
ſtairs, carrying with them a writing, which they ſineſs of the attorney-general (in caſe of there be-
preſented to the maſters of the wharfs to fign, | ing a vacancy in that office) muft neceſſarily de-
ſignifying their conſent to raiſe their wages ; volve on the follicitor-general, that it was judged
which having accompliſhed, they next day waited needleſs to ſay more on that head. The whole that
on the Lord-mayor at the Manſion-houſe, to ob Mr. Wilkes then had to avail himſelf of was, the
tain a confirmation of this agreement; but his
alteration of the record ; which having been very
lordſhip thought proper to decline intermeddling || learnedly and elaborately canvaſſed, the court de-
with their affairs.
clared themſelves fully of opinion, that the al-
On the thirteenth died much lamented, after teration of the record at the judge's chambers was
a long and painful illneſs, her royal highneſs what they had an indiſpenſable right to in the
princeſs Louiſa Anne, daughter of her royal high courſe of practice. After this the informations
neſs the princeſs dowager of Wales, and ſecond || againſt Mr. Wilkes were read; and lord Manf-
ſiſter to his preſent majeſty. And on the twenty-
field ſtated to the court the evidence as it ſtood on
ſecond the corpſe of her royal highneſs was pri the former trial, when Mr. Attorney-general and
vately interred in the royal vault in king Henry Sir Fletcher Norton gave their opinions in aggra-
the ſeventh's chapel.
vation of the caſe, and Mr. Serjeant Glyn an-
On the nineteenth a terrible fire broke out in ſwered in extenuation. Mr. Wilkes then deſired
a tar-yard at Dock-head, occaſioned by a tar that judgment might be paſſed; but was told,
copper boiling over, by which upwards of 2000 that the court having heard the opinion of coun-
barrels were conſumed, and near thirty houſes cil on both ſides, and ſome material objections
burnt to the ground.
having been offered, it was neceſſary to take theſe
A terrible fray happened on the twenty-fifth
into conſideration ; but was aſſured, that, though
between the coalheavers and failors belonging to no day could then be fixed for that purpoſe, no
the colliers in the river, in which many were kil time ſhould be delayed to bring it to an iſſue.
led. The ſailors, having been long detained in Among other proceedings, Mr. Serjant Glyn
the river by the coalheavers refuſing to work, had took notice that as a writ of error was intended to
begun to deliver their ſhips themſelves ; upon be brought before a higher court of juſtice, be-
which a body of coalheavers fell upon ſome of fore the houſe of lords, he deſired that the caſe
the ſailors by ſurprize, and killed ſeveral of them. of the alteration of the records, under ſuch pecu-
The ſailors took the alarm, the quarrel became liar circumſtances, might be ſtated on the back of
general, and the conſequences were, the loſs of the record, to be tranſmitted to the lords ; other-
wiſe that important point could not come be-
On the ſeventh of June another fray happened fore the houſe. This was abſolutely refuſed by
in Stepney-fields between the coalheavers and the court. He concluded by entreating their
36
lordſhips
many lives.
50

422
# ISTORÝ and SURVEI of LONDON
Jordſhips, for the ſake of the ſafety of every
flaſhed in ſuch dreadful ſtreams, in the neighbour-
ſubject of this nation, to fix fome limits to the hood of London, that ſeveral houſes were ſet on
diſcretionary power of altering records; that fire with it, and one man was ftruck dead upon
counſel might know for the future when they can his coach-box, on the Kene ftreet road. It was
be certain of the cauſe they are to plead ; and very remarkable, that his watch was found ſhi-
that the ſubject might not be liable to ruin at the vered in his pocket in a thouſand pieces, a ſmall
diſcretion of a judge.
hole in the crown of his hat, and a kind of ſeam
The deciſion of the matter being poſtponed down his breaſt.
to the eighteenth, Mr. Wilkes, on that day, at The next day a terrible fire broke out in the
tended the court again ; when Mr. juſtice Yates, King’s-arms-inn yard, near Holbourn-bridge,
after enlarging on the malignant nature and dan which was attended with the moſt melancholy cir-
gerous tendency of the
two publications of cumſtances. Mr. Green, at whole houſe it broke
which Mr. Wilkes had been convicted, proceeded out, faved his life by jumping out of a window;
to pronounce the judgment of the court, which but his wife, his child and ſiſter periſhed in the
was as follows: That, for the republication of flames; his neighbour jumped ouc of a window
the North Briton, No. 45, in volumes (of which ſeemingly unhurt, but died in leſs than ten mi-
two thouſand copies had been printed for public nutes; a porter belonging to the inn, having loft
fale) he ſhould pay a fine of five hundred pounds, his wife and child, died raving mad; a clerk to
and be impriſoned ten kalendar months : and for a merchant in Bread-ſtreef, after ſaving his wife
publiſhing the Eſſay on Woman (of which only and child, returned for a box, in which was money
twelve copies were printed for the private uſe of and writings belonging to his maſter, but not be-
ſo many particular friends) that he ſhould pay ing able to reach it, fell a facrifice to the flames.
likewiſe a fine of five hundred pounds, and be Of thoſe who endeavoured to efcape by jumping
impriſoned twelve kalendar months, to be com out of the windows, three were killed upon the
pured from the expiration of the term of the for ſpot; the ſhrieks of thoſe who were burnt were
mer impriſonment: and that he afterwards find piercing; in ſhort, a more horrid ſcene was ne-
fecurity for his good behaviour for ſeven years, ver beheld.
himſelf to be bound in the ſum of a chouſand On the firſt of September, the heavieſt rain fell
pounds, and two ſureries in five hundred pounds at London and the country round, it that had ever
each. A writ of error returnable before the been known in the memory of man. It began in
houſe of lords was afterwards noved for, in or the evening, and in a few hours the waters poured
der to reverſe the judgment, on account of the down Highgate-hill with incredible violence; the
alteration of the record ; and the court recom common fewers in ſeveral parts of the town not
mended to the attorney-general to grant it on the being able to carry off the torrent, the adjacent
firſt application.
houles were filled almoſt to the firſt floors ; im-
In an addreſs to the freeholders of Middleſex, menſe damage was done, and as it happened in
publiſhed after the event of the outlawry, Mr. the night, many were awakened from ſleep in
Wilkes made this remarkable declaration.
the greateſt confternation. The ſerpentine river
<< the whole progreſs of miniſterial vengeance in Hyde-park roſe ſo high, that it forced down a
againſt me for ſeveral years, I have ſhewn, to part of the wall, and poured with ſuch violence
* the conviction of all mankind, that my ene upon Knightſbridge, that the inhabitants expecte
si mies have trampled on the laws, and been ac ed the whole town to be overflowed; the canal in
és tuated by the ſpirit of tyranny, and arbitrary St. James's-park roſe higher than ever was
power. The general warrant, under which Í known ; in ſhort, no man living remembered fo
was firſt apprehended, has been judged illegal. much rain to fall in fo ſhort a time. About Bag-
" The ſeizure of my papers was condemned ju nigge-wells the waters roſe eight feet perpendicu.
« dicially. The outlawry, ſo long the topic of lar height, though the rain did not continue to
“ virulent abuſe, is at laſt declared to have been fall with violence more than eight hours. Seve-
contrary to law; and, on the ground firſt taken ral people in Cold Bath fields, Mutton-lane, Pea
6 by my learned counſel, Mr. ferjeant Glyn, is ter-ſtreer, and thoſe parts, ſuſtained great da-
“ formally reverſed.” It was thought neceſſary mage ; fome publicans had ſeveral butts of beer
to inſert this, as it had been ſaid in all the papers, carried out of their cellars ; three oxen and ſeves
that the error on which the outlawry was reverſed ral hogs were carried away by the drain, and
was diſcovered by Mr. Wilkes's enemies.
drowned ; and in Mutton-lane, and the lower part
On the firſt of July a moſt dreadful ſtorm of of Hockley in the Hole, the inhabitants were
thunder and lightening happened in and about | obliged to quit their ground-floors, and go up
London. Two perſons on the road leading to ftairs, for fear of being drowned. Many butts of
town were ſtruck dead by the lightening, which beer were carried away from the cellar at the
was ſo powerful, that a leaden ſtatue, in the
gar-
Cheſhire Cheeſe at Mount Pleaſant, and conveyed
den of a gentleman at Camberwell, was melted, quite to Fleet-ditch, where they were taken out.
and reduced to a heap of drofs. By this ſtorm The water in the canal in St. James's-park ſwell-
the water of the river Thames was ſo driven out ed ſo high, that it flowed up to the garden wall
of its uſual channel, above bridge, as had never belonging to the treaſury, and was ſo deep, that
been remembered by the oldeſt man living ; one foot-paſſengers could not paſs; the lower parts
half of the bed of the river remaining uncovered of ſome houſes near the Treaſury were overflowed,
with water two tides. And on the ſecond of as was the wilderneſs; the centinel placed near
Auguſt another ſtorm happened, in which the the little gate leading into Duke-ſtreet, was oblig-
thunder rolled fo terrible, and the lightning || ed to quit his box; the cellars in ſeveral parts of
Weſtminſter
CG In

HISTORY and SURVÊT of LONDON.
423
Weſtminſter were filled with water; and conſider ſelf highly pleaſed, and his admiration of the
able damage was done.
old
ſeveral great and beautiful objects round him ;
Upwards of forty ſmall craft, on the river be and fometimes condeſcended to come forward in
low bridge, were ſunk, drove on ſhore, or bulged, order to gratify the curiofity of the people, who
by the violence of the ſtorm; and a collier in eagerly endeavoured to get a fighe of his royal
Long-reach was drove from her anchors, and beat || perſon, though at the hazard of their lives.
her keel off: ſeveral ſhips alſo received damage by At the Temple, his majeſty (being landed on
running foulof each other. The late duke of Čum a platform erected and matted on purpoſe, and
berland's fine water-works, in Windfor-foreſt, were under an awning covered with blue cloth) was
intirely deſtroyed ; ſeveral perſons were drowned received by ſome of the benchers of both ſocie-
in different places, as well as horſes, oxen, and ties, and conducted to the Middle-Temple-hall,
hogs. In ſhort, almoſt every part of England where an elegant collation had been provided for
ſuſtained very confiderable damage.
him.
About this time the king of Denmark arrived His majeſty, after taking ſome refreſhment,
on a viſit, and fixed his abode in the apartments and thanking the two ſocieties for their polite re-
which had been previouſly prepared for him at ception and entertainment, was conducted to the
St. James's. He was entertained by their majef- || city ſtate coach, in which his majeſty took his feat
ties and the royal family in the moſt ſplendid man on the reight hand of the locum tenens, being
ner, as likewiſe by the principal part of the nobi accompanied by his excellency count Barnſdorff
lity. During his ſtay, among many other places, and Mr. deputy Paterſon, attended by the ſword
he viſited the univerſities of Oxford and Cam and mace, and followed by nine noblemen of
bridge ; from the latter of which he went to Tad his majeſty's retinue, and by the aldermen and
caſter, Wentworth-caftle
, York, Leeds, Derby, | ſheriffs in a long train of carriages. From the
Liverpool, Mancheiter, the duke of Bridgewa- || Temple his majeſty (preceded by the artillery
ter's canal, Leiceſter, Harborough, &c. And company, and worſhipful company of Goldſmiths,
On the twenty-third of September his Daniſh the city marſhals on horſeback, and the reſt of the
majeſty having previouſly condeſcended to dine city officers on foot) was conducted to the Man-
with the Lord-mayor, Sir Robert Ladbroke, knt. fion-houſe: the ſeveral ſtreets through which his
locum tenens (the right honourable the Lord- | majeſty paſſed, viz. Fleet-ſtreet, Ludgate-hill, St.
mayor being indiſpored) together with the alder Paul's church-yard, Cheapſide, and the Poultry,
men and ſheriffs, artended by the city officers, ſet || being crouded with an innumerable populace,
out from Guildhall for the Three Cranes, the lo while the windows and tops of houſes were equal-
cum tenens being in the ſtate coach, accompa ly crouded with ſpectators of both ſexes, whoſe
nied by deputy John Paterſon, eſq; (who was de acclamations, together with the ringing of bells,
ſired to act as interpreter on this occafion) and and the ſhouts of the multitude, loudly expreffed
the aldermen and ſheriff's in their reſpective car their joy at his majeſty's preſence; his majeſty
riages. At eleven o'clock they embarked on expreſſing his ſurprize at the populouſneſs of this
board the city ſtate barge, the ſtreamers flying, a city, and his fatisfaction at the kindneſs of the
ſelect band of water-muſic playing in the ſtern, citizens.
the principal livery companies attending in their At the Manſion-houſe, his majeſty was received
At the ſtairs leading to New || by the committee (appointed to manage the en-
palace yard, a detachment of grenadiers of the tertainment) in their mazarine gowns: who with
honourable artillery company attended, to re white wands, uſhered his majeſty into the great
ceive the locum tenens, aldermen and ſheriffs, parlour, where, after he had reſted himſelf a
who, upon notice of his Daniſh majeſty's ap few minutes, Mr. Common Serjeant (in the ab-
proach, immediately landed to receive and con fence of Mr. Recorder) made him the city's com-
duct him on board. As ſoon as his majeſty en pliments in the following words :
tered the barge he was faluted by ſeveral pieces
of cannon, and the joyful acclamations of the 66 Moſt illuſtrious prince,
ſeveral livery companies, and a vaſt ſurrounding “ The Lord-mayor, aldermen, and commons
multitude,
The locum tenens, in order to give his majel- | * exprefs their grateful fenfe of your very oblig-
ty a more compleat view of the cities of London ing condeſcenſion, in honouring them with
and Weſtminſter, and of the river and the feve-
your preſence at the Manſion of their chief
ral bridges thereon (which as well as the river it magiſtrate.
ſelf, and the ſhore on both ſides, were crouded “ The many endearing ties which happily
with innumerable ſpectators) ordered the ſtate “ connect you, Sir, wich our moſt gracious fove-
barge to take a circuit as far as Lambeth, from reign, juftly entitle you to the reſpect and
whence ſhe was ſteered down as far as to the veneration of all his majeſty's faithful ſubjects.
ſteel-yard, through the centre arch of Weſtmin « But your affability and other princely virtues,
fter-bridge, and thence up to the Temple-ſtairs, “ ſo eminently diſplayed, during the whole courſe
his majeſty being faluted at the New-bridge, both 66 of your reſidence amongſt us, have in a par-
at his going and returning through the great arch, ticular manner, charmed the citizens of Lon-
by fifes and drums, with the ſhouts of the ſeve « don; who reflect with admiration on your
ral workmen above, and french horns under “ early and uncommon thirſt of knowledge, and
neath.
your indefatigable purſuit of it by travel and
During the courſe of this grand proceſſion on “ obſervation; the happy fruits of which they
the water, his majeſty frequently expreſſed him “ doubt not will be long employed and acknow-
ledged
66
“

424
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
ledged within the whole extent of your
influ how much he admired the grandeur of the Egyp.
ence and command.
tian hall, the brilliancy of the illuminations round
“ Permit us, Sir, to exprefs our earneſt wiſhes, it, the magnificence of the dinner, the excellence
• that your perſonal intercourſe with our amiable of the muſic, and the good order and decorum
« monarch may tend to increaſe and perpetuate of the whole entertainment.
a friendſhip ſo eſſential to the proteſtant intereſt After dinner, his majeſty was reconduced into
“ in general, and ſo likely to promote the power,
the great parlour, where he was preſented with tea
happineſs and proſperity of the Britiſh and and coffee, and entertained with Solos on different
6 Danish nations, and that the citizens of Lon inſtruments, by ſeveral capital performers.
“ don, in particular, may ever be honoured with Ac eight o'clock in the evening, his majeſty and
a ſhare of your remembrance and regard." his retinue, after taking leave of the locum tenens
and the corporation, were uſhered to their coaches,
To this compliment his majeſty was pleaſed to the committee going before his majeſty with wax
return a moſt polite anſwer, in the Daniſh lan- || lights. His majeſty then returned to his apart-
guage; which, by his majeſty's permiſſion, was ment in St. James's palace, amidſt the ſame crowd
interpreted to the company, by Mr. Deputy and acclamations as before, with the addition of
Paterſon, as follows:
illuminations in almoſt every window, that the
people might have the pleaſure of ſeeing his mà.
6 Gentlemen,
jeſty as long as poſſible.
The diſpoſition of the lights, (which were at
“ I am highly ſenſible of the kindneſs of your leaſt 2000) the arrangements of the tables, the
expreſſions to me; I deſire you will accept my erection of the temporary orcheſtra, and the
beſt thanks in return, and be fully perſuaded that
whole of the ornamenting the Egyptian-hall were
I can never forget the affection which the Britiſh executed with the utmoſt propriety and elegance,
nation is pleaſed to ſhew me, and that I ſhall al under the direction of Mr. George Dance, clerk
ways be diſpoſed to prove my grateful ſenſe of it to the city works.
to them, and in particular to you, gentlemen,
On the tenth of October, his majeſty the king
and this great, celebrated, and flouriſhing city of Denmark gave a moſt ſuperb maſked ball at
which you govern."
the Hay.market, at which were preſent the
greateſt number of the nobility and gentry ever
Upon notice that the dinner was ſerved, his aſſembled together upon any occaſion of the
majeſty, with the locum tenens on his left, was
like nature. The illuminations were particularly
conducted by the committee into the Egyptian- ſplendid and elegant. His Daniſh majeſty went
hall; where his majeſty condeſcended to proceed in a private manner, to the theatre, accompanied
quite round, that the ladies (who made a moſt only by his excellency Count Holke, in his own
brilliant appearance in the galleries) might have a coach and pair and afterwards robed himſelf in
full view of his royal perſon; and all the gentle maſquerade in one of the dreſſing-rooms. A lit-
men of the common-council below, an opportu-
tle after ten the noblemen of his majeſty's retinue
nity of perſonally paying him their reſpects. followed in chairs, in their maſquerade dreſſes, ex-
His majeſty being ſeated in a chair of ſtate, on tremely rich and elegant. The ball was opened
the right hand of the locum tenens, at a table
by his Daniſh majeſty and the dutcheſs of Ancaſter.
placed upon an elevation acroſs the upper-end of The principal groteſque characters were a conju-
the hall, with his noble attendants on the right, ror, a black, and an old woman; there was alſo
and the aldermen above the chair on the left, was a methodiſt preacher, a chimney-ſweeper, with
ſaluted by a band of above forty of the beſt per his bag, ſhovel and ſcraper, and a boor with a
formers, in an orcheſtra fronting his majeſty's bull's head, all which were ſupported with the
table.
higheſt honour imaginable.
During the dinner, the following toaſts were On the twelfth the king of Denmark took
drank, being proclaimed by ſound of trumpet :
leave of their majeſties, and all the royal family.
And the next day, after having breakfaſted, he
1. The king.
took a reſpectful leave of the earl of Hertford and
2. The queen, prince of Wales, and royal lord Talbot, who attended him, and ſet out for
family.
Dover, to embark for Calais, in his way to Parisa
3. His majeſty of Denmark and Norway. Before his departure, he made a preſent to the
4. The queen and royal family of Denmark. right hononourable the earl of Hertford, lord
5. Proſperity to the kingdoms of Denmark chamberlain, and to the right honourable lord
and Norway
Talbot, lord Steward, of a ring each, valued at
15col. and left 1000 guineas to be diſtributed
After which his majeſty was pleaſed to propoſe among the domeſticks at the king's palace.
the following toaſts, which were proclaimed in the The
expence of the king of Denmark's table
ſame manner :
at St. James's was defrayed by the king of Great
Britain. Beſides inferior ones, there were two
I. Profperity to the Britiſh nation.
principal tables ; that of his Daniſh majeſty was
2. Proſperity to the city of London..
ſumptuous, the defart elegant and ſuperb; and
the whole daily coſt was eſtimated at eighty-four
Mr. Deputy Paterſon having the honour to at pounds excluſive of wines.
tend his majeſty as interpreter, his majeſty, thro' Her majeſty being happily delivered of a prin-
him, repeatedly expreſſed to the locum tenens ceſs on the eighth of November (afterwards bap-
tized
men

HISTORY and SÜRP Èr of LONDON.
425
tized by the name of Auguſta Sophia) the right The following ſpirited addreſs which appeared
honourable the Lord-mayor, aldermen and com in the papers, together with the enſuing conſe-
mons, of the city of London, waited on his ma quences of this riot, will ſufficiently ſerve to fhew
jeſty; when James Eyre, eſq, the recorder, the nature and deſign of it.
made their compliments in the following addreſs :
" To the gentlemen, clergy, and freeholders
« Moſt gracious ſovereign,
of the county of Middleſex.
« We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal
« Gentlemen,
< ſubjects, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
56 mons of the city of London, in common " The warm profeflions of gratitude, ſo fre:
« council aſſembled, moſt humbly beg leave to quently uttered by thoſe who feel no gratitude to
expreſs our ſincere and hearty congratulations || their conſtituents becauſe the means by which
on the ſafe delivery of the queen, and the au they ſucceed take off all obligation, make me at
fpicious birth of another princeſs.
a loſs for terms to expreſs myſelf on ſo ſignal, ſo
" Every increaſe of domeſtic happineſs to your generous, and fo glorious a ſupport as I have met
majeſty and moſt amiable confort will always
with from you.
“ fill the hearts of your faithful citizens of Lon Every means employed, every influence ex-
" don with joy and gratitude to the divine good erted during a ſix months canvaſs, have not been
« neſs.
able to divert a great majority of you from ef-
“ Permit us, Sir, to offer you our moſt un pouſing the cauſe of a candidate, whom you ſup-
feigned aſſurances of duty and affection to poſed a friend to the cauſe of the people, and in
your royal perſon ; and we moſt ardently pray, whom you hoped to find a zealous defender of the
" that your reign may be long and proſperous; || rights and liberties of his country.
" that loyalty to your majeſty, ſubmiſſion to the “ Honour or infamy will deſervedly attend
" laws, the love of true conſtitutional liberty, me, in the fame manner as my future conduct
< and a well-governed zeal for the common wel ſhall anſwer or diſappoint your expectations. I
k fare, may animate your majeſty's ſubjects || do not owe your ſupport to any perſonal friend-
" throughout every part of your extenſive em ſhip or connections; and am therefore free, even
pire."
from the temptation of leaning to them: my
obligations are to the public, and to the public I
To which addreſs his majeſty was pleaſed to
will return them.
return the following moſt gracious anſwer :
“ For my conduct in the courſe of this elec-
tion, I can appeal even to my adverſaries; and
“ I receive with the greateſt pleaſure this duti che truth of my declaration to you has been moſt
« ful and affectionate addreſs, and return you convincingly proved, by the infamous behaviour
my hearty thanks for your congratulations on of my opponents, in their lawleſs interruption of
" the happy delivery of the queen, and the the poll, when a mob of hired ruffians were at a
“ birth of a princeſs, as well as for the repeated || ſignal let looſe upon the peaceable, unarmed, and
« aſſurances you give me of your loyalty and at inoffenſive freeholders of the county of Middle-
“ tachment to my perſon and family.
ſex, in order to deſtroy thoſe whom they could
“ The preſervation of the religion, laws and not corrupt, and to wreſt from them by violence
« liberties of my people, in every part of my that freedom of election, which every undue and
“ dominions, is eſſential to their true happineſs
, unconſtitutional interpoſition has failed to overa
ct and is, therefore, the great object of my at throw.
o tention. Theſe are the principles which ever “ The ſheriffs, and every perſon preſent, were
es have been, and ever ſhall be, the ſole rule of witneſſes of a ſcene never before exhibited at an
my government."
election. A deſperate ſet of ruffians, with Liberty
and Proctor in their hats, without the leaſt oppo-
There being at this time a vacancy in the houſe || fition, without the leaſt provocation, or cauſe or
of commons by the death of Mr. Cooke, member | quarrel, deſtroying thoſe who did not lift up a
for Middleſex, Mr. ſerjeant Glyn and Sir William hand in their defence. Sir William, to whom I
Beauchamp Proctor offered themſelves as candi called to go with me and face this mob, made me
dates for the ſaid county. And on the eighth of no anſwer, and left me: I remained laſt man up-
December, about eleven o'clock in the morning, on the huſtings,
the election began at Brentford, which was car However, I live, gentlemen, to aſſert not
ried on with much tranquillity till about a quar ſo much my election, as your rights; and I pledge
ter after two; at which time it was generally myſelf to you, that your blood ſo wantonly ſhed
thought that Mr. ferjeant Glyn had polled a greater || yeſterday, ſhall be vindicated, and the charge
number than Sir William Beauchamp Proctor, brought home both to the hired and the hirers.
a
The more exalted their ſtations, and the more
ſome
,
the poll-books, and entirely put a ſtop to the bu- || juſtice; and the more neceſſary its execution.
fineſs. On this, great numbers of freeholders Whether as your repreſentative, or as a private
were hurt in trying to get away, others came gentleman, I pledge myſelf to you to go through
home directly, and the remainder of the day was with this buſineſs, or to periſh in the attempt.
a ſcene of confuſion.
" The freedom of a county election is the laſt
36
ſacred
5 P

426
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
facred privilege we have left; and it does not be derman of the ward of Farringdon without (va-
come any honeft Engliſhman to ſurvive it. For cant by the death of Sir Francis Goſling.) The
my own part, I will not. And if by this decla-. candidates were John Wilkes, eſq; and Mr.
ration I may ſeem to depart from that moderation Bromwich, paper ſtainer. The ſhew of hands
which has always particularly marked my charac appeared in favour of Mr. Wilkes, but a poll
ter, it is becauſe I think tameneſs in a cauſe like being demanded by the latter, the fame began
this, is infamy. There is virtue ſtill left in this immediately, at the cloſe of which (for that day)
country ; we are come to a criſis, and the conſe the numbers appeared as follow:
quence of this ſtruggle will determine whether
we ſhall be freemen or ſaves.
For Mr. Wilkes
255
" It is at preſenc depending before the houſe
For Mr. Bromwich 60
of commons, what meaſures ſhall be next pur-
ſued in regard to this election. When they have Whereupon Mr. Bromwich declined the elec-
decided, I will give you the earlieſt notice poffi tion, and Mr. Wilkes was declared duly elected.
ble; and I promiſe you that no diſcouragement At a numerous and reſpectable meeting of free-
ſhall ever make me deſert you, who have ſhewn holders of the county of Middleſex, held at the
that you will not defert yourſelves,
Mile-end afſembly room on the twelfth, the fole
lowing inſtructions were unanimouſly agreed to,
I am, gentlemen,
and directed to be tranſmitted to the knights of
Your moſt grateful, and the ſhire :
faithful humble ſervant,
Bloomſbury-ſquare,
JOHN GLYN, To John Wilkes, eſq; and John Glyn, eſq;
Dec. 9, 1768.
knights of the fhire for the county of
Middleſex.
The election was renewed on the fourteenth,
and carried on with the utmoſt tranquillity, with Gentlemen,
out the leaſt appearance of diſorder, except that
a few ſnow-balls were thrown at the friends of one We the freeholders of the county of Middlea
of the candidates ; but the conſtables interfering, fex, direct and inſtruct you our repreſentatives in
all was quiet: and at the cloſe of the poll, the parliament,
number for each candidate appeared as follows:
1. To endeavour to continue to us, and to
For Mr, ferjeant Glyn
1542
confirm our old conftitutional and only rightful
For Sir W. B. Proctor
1278
trial by jury.
2. To promote a ſtrict parliamentary enquiry
In conſequence of which the former was de. into the tranſactions of the military in St. George's-
clared duly elected.
fields on Tueſday the tenth of May laſt.
The next day Edward Umfreville, eſq; one of 3. To promote a like enquiry into the riot and
the coroners for the county of Middleſex, took murders committed at Brentford, on the eighth of
an inquiſition on the body of John Clarke, a laſt December.
young gentleman, then lying dead, at the White 4. To examine into the adminiſtration of juſtice
Hart, in Welbeck-ítreet, in the pariſh of Mary in this county ; particularly into the preſent ſtate
bone, before a reſpectable jury of neighbours,
of the commiſſion of the peace.
ſummoned to enquire how he came by his death; 5. And, as far as in your power, to promote
when it appeared to them, from very clear and an enquiry into the rights of the public to the
poſitive evidence, that it was occaſioned by a blow territorial revenue ariſing from the conqueſts in
given him by a ſtick or bludgeon at Brentford India.
election, on the eighth inſtant, from a perſon or The like inſtructions were preſented by the
perſons, of the mob concerned in the riot on that electors of Weſtminſter, to the right honourable
day, at the time of the ſaid election. The jury the earl Percy, and the honourable Edwin Sandys,
deſired to have the aſſiſtance and opinion of a ſur repreſentatives in parliament for that city and li.
geon, when a very eminent one was fent for, and, berty, with the following additional article:
after opening the head of the deceaſed, examin-
ing him in a very particular manner, and giving “ And we do ſtrongly inſiſt, that you never
his opinion, that the ſaid blow was the cauſe of us ceaſe your endeavours to promote an enquiry
his death, the jury, without the leaſt heſitation, “ into the caſe and grievances of John Wilkes,
unanimouſly gave in their verdict to be wilful efq; and to vindicate and ſupport the rights of
murder, by ſome perſon or perſons unknown. " the people who have elected him their repre
Soon after this two perſons (Lawrence Balfe, « fentative.”
and Edward Mº Quirk) were taken up for the
faid murder, and being tried at the Old Bailey, After various debates in the houſe of commons
were capitally convicted ; but in the intermediate reſpecting the legality of Mr. Wilkes being mem-
time between their conviction, and that appointed ber for the county of Middleſex, it was deter-
for their execution, a reſpite was ſent to Newgate mined on the fourth of February that he was not
during pleaſure ; after which they both received a proper perſon to fit as member, and was there-
his majeſty's free pardon.
fore expelled the ſaid houſe.
On the third of January 1769, came on at St. On the tenth, a common hall of the livery of
Bride's-church Fleet-ſtreet, the election for an al. the city of London was held at Guildhall, when
Mr.
)

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON .
427
do not,
uſe
accounts.
Mr. Clavey, an eminent linen-draper, and one the only profitable trade this kingdom enjoys un-
of the common-council of Farringdon-ward rivalled by other nations ; for which purpoſe we
within, was appointed chairman. Soon after
recommend
your
utmoſt endeavours to reconcile
which the livery being informed, that Mr. alder the unhappy differences ſubſifting between the
man Beckford was in the council-chamber, ſome mother country and the colonies, the fatal effects
of the gentlemen were deputed to wait on him to of which have, in part, been ſeverely felt by the
deſire his preſence, with which he complied; when manufacturer, and commercial part of the king-
they preſented the following inſtructions:
dom,
8. That you will, at this time particularly, at-
To Sir Robert Ladbroke, knt. William tend to the preſervation of public faith, the ſole
Beckford, eſq; The right hon. Thomas foundation of public credit; and that you
Harley, eſq; and Barlow Trecothick, eſq; upon any pretence of public good whatſoever,
aldermen, the repreſentatives in parlia concur in any meaſure that ſhall tend to weaken
ment for the city of London.
or deſtroy that faith.
9. That you your utmoſt endeavours, that
Gentlemen,
the civil magiſtracy of this kingdom be put on a
reſpectable footing, and thereby remove the pre-
We, your conſtituents, aſſembled in the Guild tence of calling in a military force, and preſerye
hall of London, fully ſenſible of the value of this nation from a calamity which has already been
the laws and conſtitution tranſmitted to us by our fatal to the liberties of every kingdom round us,
anceſtors, and firmly reſolved to preſerve this in and which we, at this day, are beginning to
heritance entire, as we have received it, think it feel.
our indiſpenſible duty at this time, as well as our 10. That you promote a ſtrict enquiry into the
undoubted right, to inſtruct you, our repreſen-
uſe which has lately been made of military power,
tatives in parliament, as follows:
whether any encouragement has been given to
premature or injudicious military alacrity, and
1. We recommend that you exert your utmoſt whether any undue meaſures have been taken ta
endeavours, that the proceedings in the caſe of prevent or elude the courſe of public juſtice on
libels, and all other criminal matters, may be ſuch an occaſion.
confined to the known rules of law, and not ren. 11. That you uſe your beſt endeavours for
dered dangerous to the ſubject by forced con having a ftanding committee appointed, from
ſtructions, new modes of enquiry, unconſtitu time to time to examine, and to ſtate the public
tional tribunals, or new and unuſual puniſhments,
tending to take away or diminiſh the benefit of 12. That if any demand ſhould come before
trial by juries.
parliament for payment of the debts of the civil
2. That you carefully watch over the great lift
, you will diligently enquire how theſe debts
bulwark of our liberties, the Habeas Corpus act, have been incurred, to the prejudice of the ſub-
and that you enquire into, and cenſure any at ject, and the dignity of the crown.
tempt to allude, or enervate the force of that
you will promote a bill for limiting
law.
the number of placemen and penſioners in the
3. That you preſerve equally inviolate the houſe of commons, for preventing the peers of
privilege of parliament, and the rights of the Great Britain from interfering in elections for
electors in the choice of their repreſentatives. members of parliament, and that an oath to pre-
4. That you do not diſcourage petitions, by vent bribery and corruption be taken not only by
ſelecting ſuch parts thereof as may tend not to the electors, but alſo by the candidates, at the
relieve, but to criminate the petitioner, ſo as to opening of the poll.
prevent all approach to your houſe, by which
14.
That
you
utmoſt endeavours to
means the moſt effential article of the declaration obtain an act to ſhorten the duration of parlia-
of rights may be eluded, or rendered of the leſs ments; and laſtly, we ſubmit it to your conſide-
effect.
ration, whether a change in the preſent mode of
5. That you endeavour to prevent all appli election, to that of ballot, would not be the moſt
cation of the public money to influence elections likely method of procuring a return of members,
of members to ſerve in parliament,
on the genuine and uncorrupted ſenſe of the
6. That you give no countenance to the dan people.
gerous doctrine of conſtructive treaſons, or to
the application of doubtful or uncertain laws to Mr. Wilkes having been expelled the houſe of
this intereſting object, nor ſuffer miniſters to be commons, a new writ was iſſued out for the elec-
inveſted with a vague and diſcretionary power of tion of a knight of the ſhire for the county of
judging on, or proſecuting this offence, and that Middleſex, which came on at Brentford the 17th;
you will vigorouſly oppoſe any meaſures tending || when John Wilkes, eſq; being put in nomination
to introduce modes and circumſtances of trial, || by James Townſhend, eſq; member for Weſt-
which may render it difficult or impoſſible for the Loo, in Cornwall, and ſeconded by John Saw-
party accuſed to obtain full and equal juſtice. bridge, eſq; member for Hithe, the freeholders ;
7. That you will, as the repreſentatives of this were unanimous in their approbation of the gen-
great commercial city, be particularly attentive tleman nominated, and accordingly Mr. Wilkes
to the intereſt of the manufactures, and the trade was returned without oppoſition.
of this kingdom in all parts of the world, and Notwithſtanding this the houſe of commons
more efpecially in the Britiſh American colonies, || rejected Mr Wilkes, as not being a proper per-
fon
13. That
uſe your

428
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
fon; and iſſued out a writ for a new election, no coach was arrived there, which for ſome time
which came on the ſixteenth of March, when cauſed great confuſion. At laſt, however, they
Mr. Wilkes was re-chofen without oppoſition. ſent to the coach-makers, and luckily found the
Mr. Dingley, who had offered himſelf as a can addreſs under the cuſhion, which was immediately
didate by advertiſement in the papers, appeared forwarded to St. James's. This accident retarded
on the huſtings, but was not propoſed by any the preſenting the addreſs upwards of two hours.
gentleman preſent; and though the ſheriffs re In the mean time, thoſe gentlemen who had ar-
peatedly went round the huſtings to aſk if any rived at St. James's, and were waiting for it, had
gentleman would offer himſelf as a candidate, began to ſign a copy, which one of the gentle-
no one was nominated; whereupon Mr. Wilkes men had with him, in order to preſent; when
was declared duly elected.
luckily the addreſs came, after about a dozen had
The houſe, however, ftill perſevered in their ſigned the copy.
objections to Mr. Wilkes, and that very evening On the fourteenth of April came on again at
declared the election null and void ; after which Brentford the election of a knight of the ſhire for
they iſſued out a new writ for another election. the county of Middleſex. The candidates were,
Addreſſes were at this time preſented to his Mr. Wilkes, Mr. Luttrel, Mr. Roche, and Mr.
majeſty from almoſt every part of the kingdom ; ferjeant Whitaker. At four o'clock in the after-
among which was that of the merchants of the noon the poll was cloſed, when the numbers for
city of London, who waited on his majeſty the each candidate appeared as follow:
twenty-ſecond, and being introduced by the earl
of Hertford, lord-chamberlain of the houſhold,
For Mr. Wilkes
1143
they preſented the fame, and were moſt graciouſly
Mr. Luttrel
293
received. When they ſet out from the Royal-
Mr. Whitaker
5
Exchange, in order to preſent the addreſs, the
Mr. Roche
populace ſhewed their reſentment by the throwing
of mud, &c. they ſhut the gates at Temple-bar, Whereupon Mr. Wilkes was declared duly
and did every thing poſſible to impede their pro elected.
greſs. When ſome of the coaches got to Exeter The next evening the houſe of commons, af-
change, a hearſe came out of Exeter-ſtreet, and ter very conſiderable debates, determined that
preceded them, drawn by a black and a white Mr. Wilkes was ſtill incapable of being a mem-
horſe, the driver of which was dreſſed in a ber in this parliament; and that colonel Luterel
kind of rough coat, reſembling a ſkin, with a ſhould be fitting member for the county of Mid-
large cap, on one ſide black, the other white, dleſex. In conſequence of which the next day
whoſe whole figure was very groteſque. On one colonel Luttrel took the oaths and his feat in the
fide of the hearſe was painted on canvaſs a repre houſe of commons, as knight of the Thire for
ſentation of the rioters killing Mr. Clarke at the
the ſaid county
Brentford election; and on the other ſide was a The freeholders of Middleſex finding them-
repreſentation of the foldiers firing on young Al-
. ſelves thus deprived of their right of election, im-
len in the cow-houſe. The populace were lo mediately ſet about ineans for the recovery of
outrageous, that ſome of the merchants were their loft privileges. For which purpoſe various
obliged to quit their carriages, and take ſhelter in meetings were held at the aſſembly room, Mile-
the houſes; and others, whoſe clothes were en end, the moſt material of which was on the
tirely covered with mud, retired home to ſhift twenty-eighth of April, when it was reſolved that
themſelves before they could proceed with the John Glyn, efq; Walpole Eyre, eſq; George Belo
addreſs.
las, eſq; James Adair, eſq; John Sawbridge, eſq;
When Mr. Boehm (in whoſe poffeffion was the James Townſhend, eſq; the Rev. Dr. Wilſon,
original addreſs) was obliged to get out of his George Preſcot, eſq; Arnold Wallinger, eſq;
coach at Nando's coffee-houſe, to avoid the mob, and Francis Aſcough, eſq; be deſired to wait up-
in his hurry he left the addreſs under the cuſhion on his majeſty with a petition, which was read to
on one of the ſeats in the coach, and imme and approved by all the freeholders. Mr. Townſ-
diately ordered the coachman to go home: ſome hend defired that it might be underſtood, that no
of the mob opened the coach door, and began other freeholder ſhould attend the delivering of
to ſearch for the addreſs, but the coachman de this petition, becauſe it might give a pretence to
claring it was ſent before, they were leſs diligent adminiſtration, to miſrepreſent to his majeſty an
in their ſearch, and miſſed laying hold of it, by not act of their innocent curioſity as tumult, inſur-
feeling fix inches farcher on the ſeat. The coach rection, and open rebellion. The petition was
man then drove back; but inſtead of going home, then ſigned by above five hundred freeholders,
he drove to the coach-makers in Bifhopfgate- || and on the twenty-fifth of May was preſented ro
ſtreet. As ſoon as Mr. Boehm was fafe in the his majeſty at St. James's by the following gen-
coffee-houſe, fome gentlemen went to St. James's || tlemen : Mr. ſerjeant Glyn, Mr. Sawbridge, Mr.
to inform the lords in waiting of the occaſion of Townſhend, Mr. Bellas, Mr. Ellis, Mr. Aſcough,
their delay, and that Mr. Boehm would follow and the rev. Dr. Wilſon. They were very gra-
when the crowd was a little diſperſed; but after || ciouſly received, and all had the honour of kiſling
waiting an hour or more, and no addreſs arriving, his majeſty's hand.
a meſſenger was diſpatched back to the coffee This petition being of a very ſingular nature,
houſe for the addreſs, where Mr. Boehm having and of the higheſt importance to the liberty of
miſſed it, remained in great ſuſpence, and had the ſubject, we ſhall, for the fatisfaction of our
ſent to his houſe to have the coach fearched; but readers, inſert it at large.
To

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
429
To the king's moſt excellent majeſty. ly ſuch parts as might be wreſted to criminate
the petitioner, and refuſing to hear thoſe which
The humble petition of the freeholders of the might procure him redreſs
county of Middleſex.
The thanks of one branch of the legiſlature
propoſed by a miniſter to be given to an acknow-
Moſt gracious fovereign,
ledged offender, for his offence, with the declared
intention of ſcreening him from law-
We, your majeſty's dutiful and loyal ſubjects, Attachments wreſted from their original intent of
the freeholders of the county of Middleſex, beg | removing obſtructions to the proceedings of law,
leave, with all affectionate fubmiffion and bumi to puniſh, by ſentence of arbitrary fine and im-
lity, co throw ourſelves at your royal feet, and priſonment, without trial or appeal, ſuppoſed of-
humbly to implore your paternal attention to fences committed out of court-
thoſe grievances, of which this country and the Perpetual impriſonment of an Engliſhman
whole nation complain, and thoſe fearful appre without trial, conviction, or ſentence, by the ſame
henſions with which the whole Britiſh empire is mode of attachment, wherein the ſame perſon is
moft juſtly alarmed.
at once party, accuſer, judge, and jury.--
With great grief and forrow, we have long Inſtead of the ancient and legal civil police,
beheld the endeavours of certain evil minded per the military introduced at every opportunity, un-
fons, who attempt to infuſe into your royal mind, || neceſſarily and unlawfully patrolling the ſtreets,
notions and opinions of the moſt dangerous and to the alarm and terror of the inhabitants
pernicious tendency, and who promote and coun The lives of inany of your majeſty's innocent
fel ſuch meaſures as cannot fail to deſtroy that ſubjects deſtroyed by military execution--
harmony and confidence, which ſhould ever ſub Such military execution folemnly adjudged to
lift between a juſt and virtuous prince and a free
be legal
and loyal people.
Murder abetted, encouraged, and rewarded
For this diſaffected purpoſe, they have intro The civil magiſtracy rendered contemptible by
duced into every part of the adminiſtration of the appointment of improper and incapable per-
our happy, legal conſtitution, a certain unlimited fons-
and indefinite diſcretionary power ; to prevent The civil magiſtrates tampered with by ad-
which is the ſole aim of all our laws, and was the miniftration, and neglecting and refuſing to diſ-
fole cauſe of all thoſe diſturbances and revolucions, charge their duty-
which formerly diſtracted this unhappy country ;
Mobs and riots hired and raiſed by the miniſtry,
for our anceſtors, by their own fatal experience, in order to juſtify and recommend their own il-
well knew that in a ſtate where diſcretion begins, | legal proceedings, and to prejudice your majeſty's
law, liberty, and ſafety end. Under the pretence mind by falſe inſinuations againſt the loyalty of
of this diſcretion, or, as it was formerly and has your majeſty's ſubjects
been lately called-Law of State—we have ſeen
The freedom of election violated by corrupt
Engliſh ſubjects, and even a member of the and undue influence, by unpuniſhed violence and
Britiſh legiſlature, arreſted by virtue of a gene murder-
ral warrant, iſſued by a ſecretary of ſtate, con The juſt verdicts of juries, and the opinion of
trary to the law of the land-
the judges, over-ruled by falſe repreſentations to
Their houſes rifled and plundered, their pa your majeſty; and the determinations of the law
pers ſeized, and uſed as evidence upon trial ſet aſide by new, unprecedented, and dangerous
Their bodies committed to cloſe impriſon means ; thereby leaving the guilty without re-
ſtraint, and the injured without redreſs, and the
The Habeas Corpus eluded-
lives of your majeſty's ſubjects at the mercy of
Trial by jury diſcountenanced, and the firſt every ruffian protected by adminiſtration-
law officer of the crown publicly inſinuating that
Obfolete and vexacious claims of the crown
juries are not to be truſted-
ſer on foot for partial and election purpoſes--
Printers puniſhed by the miniſtry in the fu Partial attacks on the liberty of the preſs; the
preme court without a trial by their equals, with moſt daring and pernicious libels againſt the con-
out any trial at all
ftitution, and againſt the liberty of the ſubject,
The remedy of the law for falſe impriſonment | being allowed to paſs unnoticed, whilſt the ſlighteſt
barred and defeated-
libel againſt a miniſter is puniſhed with the utmoſt
The plaintiff and his attorney, for their appeal || rigour.
to the law of the land, puniſhed by expences and Wicked attempts to encreaſe and eſtabliſh a
impriſonment, and made, by forced engagements, ſtanding army, by endeavouring to veſt in the
to deſiſt from their legal claim-
crown an unlimited power over the militia ;
A writing determined to be a libel by a court which, ſhould they fucceed, muft, ſooner or
where it was not cognizable in the firſt inſtance; later, ſubvert the conſtitution, by augmenting
contrary to law, becauſe all appeal is thereby cur the power of adminiſtration in proportion to their
off, and inferior courts and juries influenced by || delinquency-
ſuch predetermination-
Repeated endeavours to diminiſh the importa
A perſon condemned in the ſaid court as the ance of members of parliament individually, in
author of the ſuppoſed libel unheard, without de order to render them more dependant on admi-
fence or trial-
niſtration collectively. Even threats have been
Unjuft treatment of petitions, by ſelecting on employed by minifters to ſuppreſs the freedom of
36
5 Q
debate ;
at ba
DOE
boros
ment-

HISTORY moners.
HISTORY and
430
and SURVEY of LONDON.
debate; and the wrath of parliament denounced laws which have ſecured the crown of theſe realms
againſt meaſures authoriſed by the law of the to the houſe of Brunſwick, in which we make
land
our moſt earneſt prayers to God, that it may con-
Reſolutions of one branch of the legiNature tinue untarniſhed to the lateſt pofterity.
ſet up as the law of the land, being a direct uſur-
Signed by 1565 Freeholders.
pation of the rights of the two other branches;
and therefore a manifeſt infringement of the con-
On the fifth of May a court of common-coun-
ſtitution-
cil was held at Guildhall, in conſequence of an,
Public money ſhamefully ſquandered and un application of a large body of the livery to the
accounted for, and all inquiry inco the cauſe of Lord-mayor, deſiring him to call a common-hall,
arrears in the civil liſt prevented by the mi and acquainting him, it was for the purpoſe of
niſtry—
taking the ſenſe of the livery of London, on the
Inquiry into a pay-maſter's public accounts meaſures proper to be purſued by them on the
ſtopped in the exchequer, chough the ſuns un preſent alarming ſituation of public affairs, which
accounced for by that pay-maſter amount to a his lordſhip had refuſed till ſuch time as he had
bove forcy millions ſterling-
taken the fenſe of the common council upon it;
Public loans perverted to private miniſterial upon which a queſtion was moved by Mr. Bellas,
purpoſes
and ſeconded by Mr. Freeman, " that the right
Proſticution of public honours and rewards, to “ hon, the Lord-mayor be deſired to iſſue a pre-
men who can neither plead public virrtue nor cept to aſſemble the livery in common-hall,
ſervices
“ purſuant to the application to his lordſhip,"
Irreligion and immorality, ſo eminently dif and after long debates thereon, the ſaid queſtion
countenanced by your majeſty's royal example, || being put, was declared to be carried in the nega
encouraged by adminiſtration both by example tive; upon which a diviſion was demanded, Mr.
and precept.
Bellas and Mr. Freeman, tellers for the queſtion,
The ſame indiſcretion has been extended by the Mr. Paterſon and Mr. Deputy Ellis, tellers againſt
fame evil counſellors to your majeſty's dominions the queſtion ; when there appeared to be for the
in America, and has produced to our ſuffering queſtion, three aldermen, ſixty nine commoners,
fellow ſubjects in that part of the world, griev- againſt the queſtion, ſix aldermen, eighty-ſix com-
ances and apprehenſions ſimilar to thoſe of which
we complain at home-
The aldermen that divided on the queſtion were
Moſt gracious fovereigns
Aldermen for the queſtion.
Such are the grievances and apprehenſions
which have long diſcontented and diſturbed the
William Beckford, eſq;
greateſt and beſt part of your majeſty's ſubjects.
Sir William Stephenſon
Unwilling, however, to interrupt your royal re-
Barlow Trecothick, eſq;
pofe, though ready to lay down our lives and
fortunes for your majeſty's ſervice, and for the
Aldermen againſt the queſtion.
conftitution as by law eſtabliſhed, we have waited
patiently, expecting a conſtitutional remedy by
Robert Alfop, eſq;
the means of our own repreſentatives : but our
Rc. hon. Thomas Harley, eſq;
loyal and free choice having been repeatedly re-
Brackley Kennert, eſq;
jected, and the right of election now finally taken
John Kirkmam, efq;
from us by the unprecedented ſeating of a can-
Thomas Hallifax, eſq;
ve Is
didate who was never choſen by the county; and
John Shakeſpear, eſq;
who, even to become a candidate, was obliged
fraudulently to vacate his feat in parliament, un On the twenty-fourth of June, a wardmote
der the pretence of an inſignificant place, invited was held at Leatherſeller’s-hall by the right hon.
thereto by the prior declaration of a miniſter, that the Lord mayor, for the election of an alderman
whoever oppoſed our choice, though but with | of Biſhopſgate-ward, in the room of Sir Matthew
four votes, ſhould be declared member for the Blackiſton, bart, who had refigned ; when James
county. We fee ourſelves, by this laſt act, de Townfend, eſq; member for Weft-Looin Cornwall,
prived even of the franchiſes of Engliſhmen, was choſen without oppoſition. Upon which Mr.
reduced to the moſt abject ſtate of Navery, and Townſend expreſſed his thanks in a conciſe ſpeech;
left without hopes or means of redreſs but from but at the ſame time obſerved, that the ſatisfaction
your majeſty or God. 90
he felt on the honour conferred on him, prevented
Deign then, moft gracious ſovereign, to liſten his being able to expreſs the grateful ſenſe of it,
to the prayer of the moſt faithful of your ma in the manner he could have wiſhed, but that his
jeſties ſubjects ; and to baniſh from your royal || future life ſhould be dedicated to the ſervice and
favour, truſt and confidence, for ever thoſe evil intereſt of this great city in general, and the
and pernicious counſellors, who have endeavoured above ward in particular.
to alienate the affection of your majeſty's moſt On the twenty-ſixth a court of aldermen was
fincere and dutiful ſubjects, and whoſe ſuggeſtions held at Guidhall for the choice of ſheriffs, and
tend to deprive your people of their deareſt and other officers for the year enſuing. Previous to
moſt effential rights, and who have traiterouſly the opening of the court, Samuel Vaughan, eſq;
dared to depart from the ſpirit and letter of choſe addreſſed himſelf to the livery, and ſtrongly re-
commended

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
431
92
tions.
commended decency in their behaviour, as the alteration, which was this, that inſtead of " the
noſt likely, and indeed the only means, by which “ humble petition of the Lord-mayor, alder-
they could accompliſh the end for which ſo nu. men, and livery of the city of London," ic
merous a body had aſſembled.
ſhould run thus : “ The humble petition of the
At one o'clock che Lord-mayor and court of livery of the city of London.”
aldermen came upon the huftings, when the re The petition was read a ſecond time with this
corder came forward, and attempted to open the alteration, and was univerſally approved of.
buſineſs of the day, but an almoſt general hiſs A propoſal was then made by Mr. Vaughan,
and uproar enſued, many calling out for them to that the Lord.mayor, ſheriffs, and members
con Gider of a perition in the firſt place : on which of the city of London, ſhould be requeſted to
the Lord-mayor addreſſed himſelf to the livery, wait on his majeſty with this petition, which, upon
and in a very genteel ſpeech acquainted them, holding up of hands, was univerſally approved
that he had taken a great deal of pains to inform
of.
himſelf of the duty of his office on the preſent Sir Robert Ladbroke then came forward, and
occafion, and that he could not find one ſingle told the gentlemen of the livery, that he not
inſtance of any buſineſs being done previous to only aſſented to the propoſal, but thought it his
the choice of officers ; at the ſame time aſſuring duty.
them, that no one had a greater regard to the li Alderman Beckford being next, addreſſed
berty of the ſubject than himſelf, but ſtrongly re then), by afſuring them he was ever at the ſervice
commended decency and guod order, declaring of the livery of London; that in regard to giving
that he would not break up the court till ſuch in the petition, it was a requeſt that made him
time as they had taken the opinion of the livery happy, as it agreed entirely with his own opinion;
relative to the matter they wanted to enforce, if and that in regard to the particulars of the peti-
the livery would firſt proceed to do the buſineſs tion now read (as far as he could judge from
for which the common hall was called. This twice hearing it) he koew moſt, if not all of the
declaration was received with ſhouts of applauſe ; || particulars to be facts, and concluded by referring
but a gentleman expreſing his diſike to the to his conſcience for the uprightneſs of his inten-
meaſure of delay, another clamour aroſe, when
Mr. Bellas deſired to be heard, and begged the Mr. alderman Trecothick next ſpoke to the
gentlemen to proceed to buſineſs in an orderly ſame effect; and ſaid he was happy in attending
manner, as the only means to preſerve their liber his brother members on this occaſion. The other
ty, and to free themſelves from the imputation member, Mr. Harley, was not in court.
of licentiouſneſs, obſerving, that as the Lord A motion was then made, and univerſally ap.
mayor had promiſed not to break up the court proved of, to return thanks to the Lord-mayor
till they were ſatisfied, it would be the height of for his great candour and imparciality on this oc-
rudeneſs to doubt the veracity of their chief ma cafion; which his lordſhip afterwards very po-
giſtrate.
litely thanked then for, and concluded by aſſur-
Mr. recorder then ſpoke to the following || ing them, that he would, to the beſt of his power,
effect :
finiſh, as he had begun, his office, with juſtice
He told them, that he did not intend to intrude and impartiality. The buſineſs of the day was
any opinion of his own on the gentlemen of the then adjourned, which, during a courſe of four
livery, what he had to ſay was officially, and hours, and an unexampled number of liverymen,
when that was over his buſineſs was done. He was conducted with the greateſt ſpirit, order and
then deſcanted on the importance of the office, || unanimity.
of ſheriff, and concluded with obſerving, “ that Ac a general and numerous meeting of the in-
honeſt, reſpectable, conſcientious men, ſhould be habitants of Langbourn-ward, held at Pewterer’s-
" the objects of their choice.”
hall the 30th of June, to conſider of a proper
Thirteen candidates were then put in nomina- || perſon to be put in nomination for alderman of
tion, amongſt whom were James Townſend and || that ward, in the room of Sir Joſeph Hankey,
John Sawbridge, eſqrs. who, upon holding up || knight, deceaſed, John Sawbridge, eſq; ſheriff
of hands, carried it nemine contradicente. What | elect, and Mr. deputy Wilſon were propoſed.
" was very remarkable, amongſt the other eleven || Upon the queſtion being puc for the former, the
there were but two hands up. Several other offi-| greateſt part of the inhabitants held up
their hands
cer were then put up for the enſuing year who are with joyful acclamations, and for the latter a very
now in office, and who were all re-choſen, except few ; upon which Mr. deputy Wilſon, who was
two of the auditors, in whoſe room Mr. de in the chair, declared Mr. Sawbridge to have the
puty Richard Townſend and Mr.Boddington ſuc- || majority.
ceeded.
After Mr. Sawbridge was unanimouſly elected
The Lord-mayor, agreeable to his promiſe, || alderman of Langbourn:ward, he addreſſed the
then came into court, and ſaid he was ready to inhabitants to the following effect :
chear the livery’s propoſal, on which Mr. Lovel
got up, and ſpoke for near a quarter of an hour “ Gentlemen,
* on the many grievances the liverymen, in com-
mon with their fellow-citizens, laboured under. " I return you my warmeſt thanks for this
After he had finiſhod, there was a propoſal made || diſtinguiſhed mark of your eſteem and confidence,
(which was carried una voce) that the petition an honour which gives me the higheſt ſatisfaction,
Thould be then read, and it was read accordingly; as it can only proceed from your approbation of
but the Lord-mayor begged leave to make one my publick conduct, and to which I have not the
leaſt

432
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
leaft claim or pretence from perſonal friendſhip || tonly and wickedly facrificed the lives of marig
or connection. Permit me to give you this public of your majeſty's innocent ſubjects, and have pro-
aſſurance that I will endeavour to meric the con ſtituted your majeſty's ſacred name and authority,
tinuance of your eſteem by a diligent and con to juſtify, applaud, and recommend their own
fcientious diſcharge of the duties of this high of illegal and bloody actions.
fice, ever remembering, that your unanimous They have ſcreened more than one murder
choice can only be conſidered as an approbation of from puniſhment, and in its place have unnatu-
my zealous endeavours to procure redreſs of our rally ſubſtituted reward.
invaded liberties."
They have eſtabliſhed numberlefs unconſtitu-
tional regulations and taxations in our colonies.
The before-mentioned petition of the livery of || They have cauſed a revenue to be raiſed in ſome
London was preſented to his majeſty the fifth of of them by prerogative. They have appointed
July, and was as follows:
civil law judges to try revenue cauſes, and to be
paid from out of the condemnation-money
To the king's moſt excellent majeſty.
After having inſulted and defeated the law on
different occafions, and by different contrivances,
The humble petition of the livery of the city
both at home and abroad, they have at length
of London in common-hall aſſembled.
completed their deſign, by violently wreſting from
the people the laſt facred right we had left, the
Moſt gracious ſovereign,
right of election, by the unprecedented ſeating of
a candidate, notoriouſly ſet up and choſen only by
We your majeſty's dutiful and loyal ſubjects, themſelves. They have therefore taken from
the livery of the city of London, with all the your ſubjeéts all hopes of parliamentary redreſs,
Humility which is due from free ſubjects to their and have left us no reſource, under God, but in
lawful ſovereign, but with all the anxiety which your majeſty.
the ſenſe of the preſent oppreſſions, and the juſt All this they have been able to effect by cor-
dread of future miſchiefs, produce in our minds, ruption ; by a ſcandalous miſapplication and em-
beg leave to lay before your majeſty fome of choſe bezzlement of the public treaſure, and a ſhameful
intolerable grievances, which your people have proſtitution of public honours and employments
ſuffered from the evil conduct of thoſe who have procuring deficiencies of the civil liſt to be made
been intruſted with the adminiſtration of your good without examination; and, inſtead of pu-
majeſty's government; and from the ſecret un niſhing, conferring honours on a pay-maſter, the
remitting influence of the worſt of counſellors. public defaulter of unaccounted millions.
We ſhould be wanting in our duty to your ma From an unfeigned ſenſe of the duty we owe
jeſty, as well as to ourſelves and our pofterity, to your majeſty, and to our country, we have
ſhould we forbear to repreſent to the throne the ventured thus humbly to lay before the throne
deſperate attempts which have been, and are too theſe great and important truths, which it has
ſucceſsfully, made, to deſtroy that conſtitution, been the buſineſs of your miniſters to conceal.
to the ſpirit of which we owe the relation which We moſt earneſtly beſeech your majeſty to grant.
fubfifts between your majeſty and the ſubjects of us redreſs. It is for the purpoſe of redrefs alone
theſe realms, and to ſubvert thoſe ſacred laws, and for ſuch occaſions as the preſent, that thoſe
which our anceſtors have fealed with their great and extenſive powers are intruſted to the
blood.
crown by the wiſdom of that conftitution, which
Your miniſters, from corrupt principles, and in your majeſty's illuſtrious family was choſen to de-
violation of every duty, have, by various enu fend, and which we truſt in God it will for ever
merated means, invaded our invaluable and una continue to ſupport.
lienable right of trial by jury.
The gentlemen, clergy, and freeholders of the
They have, with impunity, iſſued general war county of Surry met at Epſom on the twenty-fixth
rants, and violently ſeized perſons and private of June, in confequence of ſeveral public adver-
papers.
tiſements, to conſider of the beſt conſtitutional
They have rendered the laws non-effective meaſures to be taken in ſupport of the right of
to our ſecurity, by evading the Habeas Corpus. election. After one o'clock the gentlemen, who
They have cauſed puniſhments, and even per were as numerous and reſpectable as were perhaps
petual impriſonment, to be inflicted, without trial, ever aſſembled on any occaſion at that place, en-
conviction or ſentence.
tered the bowling green, where, in the abſence of
They have brought into diſrepute the civil ma John Thornton, eſq; the ſheriff, the honourable
giftracy, by the appointment of perſons who are, Peter King was choſen to preſide. Mr. King then
in many reſpects, unqualified for that important addreſſed the freeholders, and acquainted them how
truſt, and have thereby purpoſely furniſhed a neceſſary he, and many other refpectable gentle-
pretence for calling in the aid of a military || men, had thought it to call a county meeting, to
power.
conſider of the beft meaſures to be taken in ſup-
They avow, and endeavour to eſtabliſh, a port of the right of election, which he and they,
maxim, abſolutely inconſiſtent with our conſtitu had deemed one of the moſt valuable privileges
tion—that “an occaſion for effectually employing we were poffeffed of, and in conſequence told them
a military force always preſents itſelf, when the they were now aſſembled to conſider of ſuch mea-
civil power is trifled with or inſulted ;” and, by a ſures. Sir George Colebrooke next ſpoke in vin-
fatal application of this maxim, they have wan dication of one of the moſt important rights we
5979 banget
bould enjoy

HISTORY and SÜRVE r of LONDON.
433
taken away:
enjoy as freemen; ſhewed, in clear and approved || has violated the firſt principles of the conſticu-
terms, how. that right had been infringed in the tion; or ſhould determine on a diffolution of the
caſe of the Middleſex election, and made the fol preſent parlianient, which, he hoped would take
lowing motion, which was ſeconded by Sir Robert place, fooner than the right of election ſhould be
Clayton, bart. and unanimouſly agreed to, viz.
After this the reverend Mr. Horne, Claud
" That it is the opinion of this meeting, that Creſpigny, eſq; Marchant Tubb, eſq; and others,
by the law of the bind, the freeholders and ſpoke with great ability, in favour of a petition,
electors of Great Britain have an undoubted and its being immediately prepared; and that
right to be repreſented in parliament by any meaſure appearing to be the almoſt general ſenſe
perſon qualified according to law, who has a ma of the company, Sir George Colebrooke declared
jority of legal votes ; and that they have reaſon he would no longer object, provided a petition
to apprehend theſe rights have been abridged in was prepared in decent terms, and confined to
the caſe of the Middleſex election."
the ſingle object of the Middleſex election.
Sir Robert Clayton then propoſed to give the
After this Sir George Colebrooke further ex thanks of the county to Sir Francis Vincent, bart.
patiated on the object of the preſent meeting, and in which he was ſeconded by Sir Joſeph Mawbey,
acquainted the freeholders, that there appeared in and they were given with the greateſt unanimity,
the judgment of the gentlemen he had talked and chearfulneſs, in the following words:
with on this occaſion, two meaſures to be propoſed Reſolved, that the thanks of this county be
fortheir adoption, that ſeemed likely to procure re given to Sir Francis Vincent, bart, our worthy
dreſs in a caſe affecting the moſt important right of repreſentative, for his ſteady, firm, and inde-
every elector of this kingdom; the one, a petition pendent conduct in parliament, and particularly
to the king; the other, inſtructions to the county for his endeavours to maintain the rights and
repreſentatives. He gave his reaſons why he franchiſes of the freeholders and other electors
thought the latter more parliamentary and conſti of England.
tutional, and concluded his ſpeech with a mo Before fix o'clock in the evening, the petition,
tion for inſtructions; which being ſeconded, Dr. which had been prepared by twenty-three gentle-
Allen immediately addreſſed the company, and men of the firſt rank and fortune in the county,
ſhewed how ineffectual inſtructions were like to was ingroſſed and read twice by the honourable
prove in the preſent caſe: one of the members Mr. King to the freeholders, who unanimouſly
had already done every thing in his power to pre approved of the ſame. The petition was after-
vent a violation of our franchiſes, and therefore wards diſperſed in various parts of the county,
needed them not: the other all he could to de where it met with univerſal approbation ; and was
prive us of them, who was not likely, in his pre preſented to his majeſty the 24th of Auguſt by the
ſent ſituation, to change his opinion, and there following gentlemen :
fore there could be no uſe in inſtructing him: he
inſiſted there was no meaſure ſo proper to be ta Sir Francis Vincent, bart. member for the county,
ken, as to petition the king on the grievance com The honourable Peter King.
plained of. In this opinion he was ſtrongly ſup Sir George Colebrooke, bart.
ported by William Ellis, eſq; who shewed the le Sir Robert Clayton, bart.
gality of the meaſure in clear terms; ſupported Sir Joſeph Mawbey, bart:
it by the example of the petitions of the county Joſeph Martin, eſq;
of Middleſex, and livery of London, and de Barlow Trecothick, eſq;
clared, that as the conſtitution had given us the Braſs Croſby, eſq;
right, he thought it the only proper method now Henry Crab Bolton, eſq;
to be adopted.
Sir Joſeph Mawbey next ſpoke againſt the mo Sir Anthony Abdy, bart. met the above gentle-
tion for inſtructions, and inſiſted on their being men, previous to their going to court, at the
unneceſſary, and would prove ineffectual in the Thatched houſe tavern; but being greatly indiſ-
preſent caſe. Sir Francis Vincent, he obſerved, | poſed with the gout, could not attend them to
with an integrity and independency which had the palace.
done him honour, had already diſcharged his duty On the king's return from the drawing-room,
in ſuch a manner, as, he hoped, would procure Sir Francis Vincent, Bart, repreſentative of the
him the unanimous thanks of this meeting; and county, preſented the peticion to his majeſty,
Mr. Onſlow, there was reaſon to think, would which was moſt graciouſly received, and was as
pay no kind of attention to them in the preſent follows.
caſe: he therefore hoped a petition would be pre-
pared to his majeſty, in temperate and becoming To the king's moſt excellent majeſty.
terms, and full of that duty, love and attach-
ment, this county has always borne to his ma The humble petition of the freeholders of the
jeſty; but, at the ſame time, confined to one fin-
county of Surry.
gle point, and aſcertaining, in manly terms, that
right which we conſider as the foundation of all “ Moſt gracious ſovereign !
others we enjoy. Redreſs might be obtained, if
in conſequence his majeſty ſhould either think it “ We your majeſty's moſt dutiful and loyal
right to remove ſuch of his preſent miniſters, as ſubjects, the freeholders of the county of Surry,
have counſelled and ſupported a meaſure, which from a grateful ſenſe of the ineſtimable bleſſings
37.
which
5 R

434
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
which this nation has enjoyed under the mild and Robert being ſeated in an arm chair for that pura
equal government of your majeſty, and your il poſe placed on the ſteps of the court of con-
luſtrious predeceſſors of the houſe of Brunſwick, mon-pleas, Mr. Jones opened the buſineſs of the
and from a ſteady attachment, zeal, and affection day in the following addreſs :
to your royal perfon, and family, think it our
duty to join with our injured fellow ſubjects in " Gentlemen,
humbly offering to your majeſty our complaints
of the meaſures adopted by pernicious counſel - Senſible of the man; grievances, that the
lors, who, we apprehend, have countenanced and “ electors of the county and city of Weſtminſter
adviſed a violation of the firſt principle of the “ labour under, in common with bis majeſty's
conſtitution.
ſubjects, a committee of gentlemen has been
66
" The right of election in the people, which is appointed (of which I had the honour to be
the ſecurity of all their rights, is alſo the founda chairman) to draw up a petition to his majeſty,
tion of your majeſty's; we cannot, therefore, for praying a redrefs of thoſe grievances; we have
bear being alarmed when we ſee that firſt prin accordingly, gentlemen, drawn up a petition,
ciple violaced in the late inſtance of the Middleſex " which I Hatter myſelf will be agreeable to you,
election.
" and if it is your pleaſure, it is now prepared for
6 We have feen, royal fire, with great con “ reading to you.”
cern, an application of the freeholders of the
county of Middleſex, made by their humble pe The electors then unanimouſly cried out, read,
tition to the houfe of commons, complaining of read, and accordingly the petition was read, firſt
that meaſure, defeated, and it is with the utmoſt by Sir Robert Barnard; the purport of which was
reluctance we now find ourſelves conſtrained to as follows:
appealto your ſacred perſon, from whoſe juſtice and
goodneſs we can alone hope for redreſs.
“ The petitioners in common with the reſt of
“ We therefore moſt humbly implore your ma « his majeſty's loyal ſubjects, feeling ſenſibly a
jefty, that you would be gracicully pleaſed to give “ variety of grievances and oppreſſions, could
us ſuch relief as to your royal wiſdom ſhall ſeem not be longer ſilent on the ſubject of a late vio-
meet, by an exertion of that prerogative which " lent and moſt alarming invaſion of their liber-
the conftitution has fo properly placed in your ma-
" ties, in the affair of the Middleſex election,
jeſty's hands.
" which threatens a ſpeedy annihilation of our
And your majeſty's petitioners ſhall ever pray, « excellent conſtitution.” And in the concluſion
&c."
they petioned to his majeſty to diffolve the preſent
parliament, and call another as ſpeedily as may be.
Petitions of the like nature are now in agitation
from Worceſter, Hertford, Cornwall, Kent, Bucks, The petition was received with univerſal ap-
Norfolk, Liverpool, Norwich, Yarmouth, Briſtol, plauſe: after which Mr. Martin read it again with
York; and, in ſhort, from almoſt every part of a loud voice; and when he had ended, Sir Robert
the kingdom
Barnard aſked, if they choſe to have it read
On the 26th of July, about eight o'clock in any more ; to which they univerſally anſwered,
the evening, a terrible fire broke out at Mr. Roſs's, enough, enough,” and accompanied it with
whip-maker to the duke of Cumberland, in huzzas, and other demonſtrations of joy.
Marybone-ftreet, St. James's, which entirely con The chairman then deſired all thoſe who were
ſumed the ſame, together with Mr. Mundy's, a for the petition to hold up their hands, when every
ſhoe-maker; Mr. Frith's Mancheſter warehouſe; hand in the hall was inſtantly up; and, on the
Mr. Warren's, a perfumer ; Mr. Thackwait's, queſtion being reverſed, not a ſingle ha
cabinet-maker, with his workſhop, and a large
raiſed.
quantity of timber; Mr. Lynes, confectioner; After this eight clerks were placed in different
beſides damaging a number of houſes on each ſide, parts of the hall, with large ſkins of parchment,
and three which lay backwards, with a great quan on which was wrote the petition for the electors
tity of goods. The flames communicated them to ſign. Sir Robert Barnard and Mr. Jones were the
ſelves into Sherard-ſtreet, and deſtroyed Ruſtat’s two firſt who ſigned the parchment, which was
coffee-houſe; Mr. Schooler's, a ſilk-dyer, and Mr. placed next the chair, and at the cloſe of the after-
Hole's a taylor. The number of houſes conſum noon, it was ſigned by near 4000 people.
cd and damaged was about eighteen. It was Thus ended the buſineſs of the day, which,
occaſioned by melting of ſome roſin for whip | notwithſtanding the prodigious concourſe of peo-
handles.
ple, and the public ſituation of the place, was
A moſt numerous and reſpectable meeting of conducted with the greateſt ſpirit, unanimity and
the electors of the city of Weſtminſter was held moderation.
at Weſtminſter-hall the 29th of Auguſt, agree-
The chairman's ſeac was firſt placed on the up-
able to a publiſhed notice for that purpoſe, to per ſtep in the hall, that leads to the King's-
conſider of a petition to his majeſty for the re bench; but ſome little time before the committee
dreſs of grievances. About twelve o'clock Sir arrived, the electors carried it off, and removed
Robert Barnard, the chairman, attended by Ro it juſt before the entrance of the court of com-
bert Jones, eſq; chairman of the committee, and mon-pleas, declaring that the fitter ſituation ; for
ſeveral other gentlemen, entered the hall, amidſt the chair of liberty fhould be near that court
the re-ecchoed acclamations of the populace. Sir where general warrants were firſt condemned.
On
was

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
435
On the fourteenth of September, about two damage was computed at ſome thouſands of
o'clock in the morning, a fire broke out at Mr. pounds.
Hill's, an ironmonger, in St. Martin's-le-Grand, Thus have we reduced the Hiſtory of this great
which entirely conſumed that houſe, and four || metropolis to the month of September, 1769; ac
others in St. Chriſtopher’s-court adjoining. Two a time, when we are ſorry to ſay, that not only the
brothers with great difficulty ſaved themſelves by city of London, but almoſt every county in the
eſcaping over the tops of the houſes. And the kingdom, is in the greateſt commotion.—The
ſame morning, about ſeven o'clock, another fire enſuing parliament, however, will, in all proba-
broke out in the dwelling-houſe of Meſſrs. Bux-bility, bring theſe commotions to ſome iſſue: and
con and Enderby, oil nierchants at Paul's-wharf, we heartily wiſh that iſſue may tend to the univer-
Upper Thames-ſtreet, which entirely conſumed ſal ſatisfaction of the people, and to the farther
the ſame, with their Warehouſes adjoining, in emolument of the Britiſh throne.
which were 4000 barrels of oil: alſo a timber-
yard and many other adjacent houſes. The flames
If any material circumſtances ſhould
reached quite to the water-ſide, where two barges occur during the courſe of the Survey,
(which could not be got off, it being low-water) we ſhall for the better completion of our
cook fire, and were conſumed : one of them was undertaking, inſert the ſame at the cloſe
loaded with oil, which was thrown into the
of the work, by way of Appendix,
Thames to prevent its feeding the fames. The
Τ Η Ε

Wo [ ] In
( ]
436436 THE
SURVEY
OF
L
0
N
D 0
N.
CHAPTERI.
Containing the number of ſtreets, houſes, and inhabitants in the city and liberties of London.
Number of pariſhes within the bills of mortality. Proviſions brought to London market .
Juriſdictions and government of the city. Its officers and different courts. Number of
wards, &c.
T
HE foundation, form, extent, and ſitu from the year 1592, in which was a great peſti-
ation of this great metropolis has been lence that continued for three years after; when
already given in the former part of this the plague ceaſing, they were diſcontinued, and
work. We ſhall now take as minute a ſurvey of laid aſide as uſeleſs, till the year 1603; fince
its preſent ſtate and condition as the great im which they have extended, at different intervals,
provements which have been made, and ſtill are to ſuch a length as to include 97 pariſhes within
making will poſſibly admit.
the walls, and 16 without; 23 out pariſhes in the
By an eſtimate made in the year 1738 of the counties of Middleſex and Surry, and 10 pariſhes
number of ſtreets, ſquares, lanes, alleys, courts, in the city and liberties of Weſtminſter. Theſe
&c. within the bills of Mortality there appeared to pariſhes, which form the circuit uſually called
be
5099; and the number of houſes 95,897 ; but within the bills of mortality, are as follow:
the very conſiderable improvements which have
been made fince that time of the waſte ground
Within the walls.
in the city, and the new buildings which extend
towards Paddington and Chelſea on the weſt, to St. Alban in Wood-ſt. St. Ann within Alderſ-
Marybone on the North, and to Bow on the eaſt, Allhallows Barking
gate
render it almoſt impoſſible to aſcertain the exact Allhallows in Bread. St. Anne in Black-friars
number at this time, but by the neareſt computa ſtreet.
St. Anthony vulgarly
tion they cannot be leſs than 150,000, which, || Allhallows the Great Antholin
upon an average of 2ol. per annum for each Allhallows in Honey. St. Auguſtin, vulgarly
houſe, amounts to 3,000,000l. total for rent; and lane
Auſtin
if, upon a like average, we allow 300l. for the Allhallows the Leſs St. Bartholomew by the
building of each houſe, the eſtate of this circuit Allhallows in Lombard-
Exchange
of buildings will amount to 45,000,000l. ſter ſtreet.
St. Benedict, vulgarly
ling.
Allhallows Staining Bennet Finck
Various have been the attempts made to aſcer Allhallows on London- St. Bennet Gracechurch
tain the number of inhabitants within theſe exten wall
St. Bennet at Paul's
five buildings; but the only method of forming | St. Alphage near Sion wharf
any calculation is from the bills of mortality which college
St. Bennet Sherehog
give the births and deaths, and from the great St. Andrew Hubbard St. Bocolph at Billingſ-
number of houſes ; in which, if we allow upon St. Andrew Underſhaft
gate
an average, eight perſons to a houſe, the number St. Andrew by the Ward- Chriſt church pariſh
of inhabitants will appear to be 1200,000.
robe.
St. Chriſtopher's pariſh
The weekly bills of mortality took their origin
Sr.

HISTORY and SURVer of LONDON
432
$t. Clement near Eait- St. Mary Culechurch St. Dunſtan at Stepney St. Leonard in Shore-
cheap
St. Mary at Hill near St. George in Bloomf ditch
Sr. Dionis Backchurch Billingſgate
bury
St. Luke in Middleſex
St. Dunſtan in the Eaſt St. Mary Magdalen in St. George in Middleſex St. Mary, Illington
St. Edmund the King Milk ſtreet
St. George in Queen's. St. Mary' at Lambeth
St. Ethelburga's pariſh St. Mary Magdalen in ſquare
St. Mary Magdalen,
St. Faichunder St. Paul's Old Fiſh-ſtreet
St. Giles in the Fields Bermondſey
St.Gabriel in Fenchurch- St. Mary Mounthaw St. James at Clerken- St. Mary at Newington
ſtreet
St. Mary Somerſet
well
St. Mary at Rotherhithe
Sr. George in Botolph- St. Mary Sraining St. John at Hackney St. Mary in Whitechapel
lane
St. Mary Woolchurch Sr. John at Wapping St. Matthew at Bethnal
St. Gregory by St. Paul's St. Mary Woolnuth St. Catherine by the Green
St. Helen near Biſhopf- St. Matchew in Friday Tower
St. Paul at Shadwell
gate
ſtreer
St. James's in Duke's St. Michael Baffiſhaw
City and Liberties of Weſtminſter.
place
St. Michael in Cornhill
St. James at Garlick- St. Michael in Crooked St. Annein Weſtminſter St. Margaret in Weſt-
hithe
lane
St. Clement Dants
minſter
St. John Baptiſt near St. Michael at Queen St. George Hanover- St. Martin in the Fields
Dowgate
hithe
ſquare
St. Mary-le-Strand
St. John the Evangeliſt St. Michael-le-quern St. James in Weſtminſter The Precinct of the Sa-
St. John Zachary St. Michael Royal St. John Evangeliſt in woy
St. Katherine Coleman St. Michael in Wood Weſtminſter
St. Paul Covent-garden
St. Katherine-Cree ſtreet
church
St. Mildred in Bread-ft. The number of inhabitants in this metropolis
St. Laurence Jewry St. Mildred in the Poul may be in a principal degree aſcertained by the
St. Laurence Pouneney try
great quantity of proviſions which are yearly
St. Leonardin Eaſtcheap St. Nicholas Acons brought to the London markets, of which the
St. Leonard, Foſter-lane St. Nicholas Coleabby following is an eſtimate from Midſummer 1759
St. Magnus by London - St. Nicholas Olave to Midſummer 1760.
bridge
St. Olave in Hait-ſtreet
St. Margaret in Loth: St. Olave in the Old Wheat-flour 369,635 quarters
bury
Jewry
Cattle
98,244
St. Margaret Moſes St. Olave in Silver-ſtreet Sheep and Lambs 711,123
St. Margaret in New St. Pancras in Pancras Calves
194,760
Fiſh ſtreet
lane
Hogs
186,932
St. Margaret Pattens St. Peter in Cheapſide
Sucking Pigs 52,000
St. Martin in Ironmon- St. Peter in Cornhill
Oyſters
115,536 bulhels
ger-lane
St. Peter near Paul's Mackarel 14,740,000
St. Martin within Lud wharf
Butter
16,366,728 pounds
gate
St. Peter-le-poor in
Cheeſe
21,066,000 pounds
St. Martin Orgars
Broad-ſtreet
St. Martin Outwich St. Stephen in Coleman Excluſive of all kinds of poultry, fiſh, garden-
St. Martin Vintry
ſtreet
ſtuff and milk. And the quantity of beer brewed
St. Mary Abchurch St. Stephen in Walbrook in the city and ſuburbs the ſame year amounted
St. Mary Aldermanbury St. Swithin ac London-
to 975,217 barrels.
St. Mary Aldermary
ftone
We have included in this view not only the city
St. Mary-le- bow in St. Thomas the Apoſtle | of London and its liberties, but likewiſe the city
Cheapſide
Trinity pariſh
of Weſtminſter and Borough of Southwark; we
St. Mary Bothaw at St. Vedaſt, alias Foſter ſhall now divide theſe parcs, and conſider each
Dowlingſgate
ſeparately as enjoying ſome peculiar advantages,
Without the walls.
and ſubject to particular modes of government;
St. Andrew in Holborn St. Dunſtan in the Weſt beginning with that part which contains the city,
St. Bartholomew the St. George in Southwark of London and its liberties.
Great
St. Giles without Crip We are to underſtand by the city of London
St. Bartholomew the plegate
no more than that part which was formerly en-
Leſs
St. John in Southwark
compaſſed by the wall of the city. Within this
St. Botolph without Al- St. Olave in Southwark wall were eight gates, all of which, except New-
derſgate
St. Saviour in Southwark gate, have been taken down to make the ave-
St. Botolph without St. Sepulchre without nues to the city more airy and commodious.
Aldgate
Newgate
The wall likewiſe has ſhared the ſame fate for the
St. Botolph without Bi- St. Thomas in South admillion of new buildings.
ſhopſgate
wark
The other parts of the city called the liberties,
St. Bridget, vulgarly St. Trinity in the Minories and which lie without the wall, are bounded on
Bride
the eaſt, in Whitechapel, the Minories, and Bi-
In Middleſex and Surry.
ſhopſgate, by bars, which were formerly poſts
St. Anne in Middleſex Chrift-church in Mid and chains. They are bounded on the north in
Chriſt church in Surry dleſex
the ſame manner in Pickax-ſtreet, the end of Fan-
37
5 S
alley,

438
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
commons.
alley, and in St. John's-ſtreet. On the weſt by || barges, elegantly adorned with a great number
bars in Holbourn, at the eaſt end of Middle-row, and variety of flags and pendants; and thence
and at the weſt end of Fleet-ſtreet by the gate proceed to Weſtminſter, forming a moſt grand and
called Temple bar. And on the ſouth may be magnificent appearance.
included the juriſdiction which the city holds on When the ceremony is over at Weſtminſter,
the river Thames, and over the borough of the dazzling fleet returns in the ſame pompous
Southwark.
manner to Black-friars ſtairs, from whence the
The city and liberties of London are ſubject livery of many of the city companies, preceded
to three governments, viz. civil, eccleſiaſtical, by colours and bands of muſic, march to cheir re-
and military. The firſt divides it into wards and ſpective ſtands, which are erected on both ſides
precincts, under a Lord-mayor, aldermen and the ſtreets through which his lordſhip is to paſs.
common-council; the ſecond into pariſhes, under The Lord-mayor being at length landed at
a biſhop, archdeacon, and miniſters or paftors ; Black-friars, he is preceded by the artillery-com-
and the laſt is the milicia, under the power of a pany, which is followed by the company of which
Ford-lieutenant, which is lodged in the mayor
and the Lord-mayor is free. After them follow feve-
aldermen, and ſome of the principal citizens. ral others with their muſic, flags, and ſtreamers,
The government of the city may be ſaid to bear and among the reſt the armourers have a perſon rid-
fome affinity to the legiſlative power of the na ing on horſeback,completely dreſſed in poliſhed ar-
tion; the former being directed by the Lord mour. At length march the Lord-mayor's domeſ
mayor, aldermen and common-council, in the ticks and ſervants, followed by his lordſhip in the
fame manner as the latter is by the king, lords and coach of ſtate, and after him come the aldermen,
recorder, ſheriffs, chamberlain, common-ferjeant
The Mayor, or Lord.mayor, who is the ſu town-clerk, &c. in their ſeveral coaches and cha-
preme magiſtrate of this metropolis, was, before riots, and in this manner proceed to Guildhall,
the Norman conqueſt, called the Portreve, or where an elegant entertainment is provided, as
Portgreve, which title in the reign of Henry II. there is likewiſe for the ſeveral companies at their
was changed for that of Mayor, a name by which reſpective halls.
the chief magiſtrate of the city of Roan, the On all public occaſions the Lord-mayor is
capital of Normandy, was then diſtinguiſhed.cloathed, according to the ſeaſon, either in ſcarlet
In 1215 the citizens obtained from king John a or purple robes richly furred, with a velvet hood
charter which granted them the privilege of chuf and golden chain, or collar of S. S. with a rich
ing this magiſtrate, which was afterwards con jewel appendant. When he goes abroad in his
firmed by ſeveral other royal grants ; and the ſtate coach, the mace bearer fits upon a ſtool in
mayors were elected by the court of aldermen, the middle facing one of the windows, and the
and a number of commons ſummoned by them ſword-bearer upon another ſtool oppoſite the
out of each of the wards; but the number thus other; and when on foot his 'train is ſupported
fummoned being occaſionally varied at the dif by a page, and the mace and ſword carried before
cretion of the aldermen, gave great uneaſineſs to
him.
the commonalty ; for the removing of which the The principal officers belonging to the Lord-
method of election was altered by an act of com mayor for the ſupport of his dignity are, the ſword-
mon-council in the year 1476, whereby the pre-
bearer, the common hunt, common crier, and water
fent manner of electing by the liverymen of the bailiff, who have all great ſalaries or perquiſites,
ſeveral companies was eſtabliſhed by virtue with each the title of eſquire. He has alſo three
whereof the Lord-mayor is annually choſen on ſerjeant carvers, three ferjeants of the chamber,
Michaelmas day. On which day the liverymen a ferjeant of the channel, two yeomen of the
aſſemble in Guildhall
, where, by holding up of chamber, four yeomen of the water-ſide, a yeoman
hands, they uſually chooſe two of the ſenior al of the channel, an under water bailiff, ſix yeo-
dermen below the chair, who being returned to men waiters, three meal weighers, two yeomen of
the court of Lord-mayor and aldermen, the fe the wood wharf; an officer called a foreign
nior is generally declared Lord-mayor elect. taker; and the city marſhals.
Soon after the new Lord-mayor, accompanied The power of this great officer is at preſent
by the recorder and ſeveral of the aldermen, is much more conſiderable than it was formerly, for
preſented to the lord chancellor (as his majeſty's he is not only the king's repreſentative in the civil
repreſentative) for his approbation ; which being | goverment of the city, but alſo firſt commiſſioner
obtained he is ſworn into the office of mayor, at of the lieutenancy, perpetual coroner and eſchea-
Guildhall the eighth of November, and the next tor within the city and liberties of London and
day before the barons of the exchequer at Weft the Borough of Southwark; chief juſtice of oyer,
minſter.
terminer and jail-delivery of Newgate; judge of
On the morning of the ninth of November, the court of wardmote at the election of alder-
being the day on which the Lord-mayor elect men; conſervator of the river Thames and Med-
enters upon
his office, the aldermen and ſheriffs way ; perpetual commiſſioner in all affairs relating
repair to the Lord-mayor's reſidence, from whence to the river Lea, and chief butler of the kingdom
they attend him to Guildhall in a proceſſion at all coronations.
formed by coaches, which about noon proceed to The aldermen are properly the fubordinate go-
the Three-crane ſtairs, where the Lord-mayor, vernors of their reſpective wards under the Lord-
aldermen, recorder and ſheriffs, go on board the mayor's juriſdiction, and hold their offices during
city barge, attended by ſeveral corporations of life or good behaviour. The perſon elected muſt
the citizens, in their formalities, and magnificent | be returned by the Lord-mayor (or other return-
ing

HİSTORY and SURV É Ñ of L Ő NDON.
439
ing officer in his ſtead, duly qualified to hold a impannel juries ; to compel head ſtrong and ob-
court of wardmote) to the court of Lord-mayor ftinate men by the paſſé comitatus to ſubmit to the
and aldermen, by whom the perſon fo returned deciſions of the law, and to take care that all
muſt be admitted and ſworn into the office of al condemned criminals be duly puniſhed and exe-
derman before he can act. If he refuſes to ſerve cuted. In particular, they are to execute the or-
the office when chofen, he is ſubject to a fine of ders of the court of common-council, when they
500l. There are twenty five in number, and each have reſolved to petition parliament, or to addreſs
has his ſeparate ward, to the government of which his majeſty. They have a power to make arreſts,
he is more immediately to attend. Thoſe who and ſerve execution on the river Thames.
have ſerved the office of Lord-mayor, are ſaid to After the ſheriffs are elected, the livery chuſe
be above the chair, and with three of the eldeſt the chamberlain of the city, and other officers,
that are next it, are juſtices of the peace by char called the bridge-maſters, auditors of the city and
ter. All the aldermen keep their wardmote for bridge-houſe accounts, and the aleconners,
chooſing ward officers, and ſettling the buſineſs The recorder is choſen by the Lord-mayor and
of the ward; for redreſſing grievances, and pre aldermen only, and continues in his office during
venting all defaults found in the ward. In the life. He takes place in all courts, and in the
management of theſe affairs every alderman has common-council before any one that hath not
his deputy, choſen out of the common-council, been mayor: of whom we have the following
and in ſome of theſe wards, which are very large || deſcription in one of the books of the chamber.
the alderman has two deputies.
- He ſhall be, and is wont to be, one of the
The common-council are choſen after the ſame moſt ſkilful and virtuous apprentices of the law
manner as the aldermen, only with this dif of the whole kingdom; whoſe office is always to
ference, that as the Lord-mayor preſides in the fit on the right hand of the mayor, in recording
wardmote, and is judge of the poll at the election pleas, and paſſing judgments; and by whom re-
of an alderman, ſo the alderman of each ward is cords and proceſſes, had before the Lord-mayor
judge of the poll at the election of a common and aldermen at Great St. Martin's, ought to be
council-man. Thus the Lord-mayor, aldermen recorded by word of mouth before the judges af-
and common-council, when aſſembled, may be ſigned there to correct errors. The mayor and al-
deemed the city parliament, reſembling the great
dermen have therefore uſed commonly to fet
council of the nation : for it conſiſts of two forth all other buſineſſes, touching the city, be-
houſes; one for the Lord-mayor and aldermen, or fore the king and his council, as alſo in certain
the upper-houſe; another for the commoners or of the king's courts, by Mr. Recorder, as a chief
repreſentatives of the people, commonly called man, endued with wiſdom and eminent for elo-
the common-council-men. Theſe have a power quence.” He ſpeakes in the name of the city
in their incorporate capacity to make and to re upon extraordinary occaſions ; reads and preſents
peal bye laws; and the citizens are bound to obey their addreſſes to the king; and when ſeated upon
or ſubmit to thoſe laws. When they meet in their the bench delivers the ſentence of the court. He
incorporate capacity, they wear deep blue filk is the firſt officer in order of precedence that is
gowns. No act can be performed in the name of paid a ſalary, which originally was no more than
the city of London without their concurrence : ten pounds ſterling per annum, with ſome few
but they cannot aſſemble without a ſummons from perquiſites; but it has from time to time been
the Lord-mayor, who, nevertheleſs, is obliged || augmented to 6ool. per annum and become the
to call a common-council, whenever it ſhall be high road to preferment in the law.
demanded, upon extraordinary occaſions, by ſix The chamberlain of London is an officer of
reputable citizens and members of that court. great truſt, and is annually choſen by the livery
The two ſheriffs of this city, which is a county on Midſummer-day, though he enjoys his place
of itſelf, are alſo ſheriffs of the county of Middle. for life, if he is not found guilty of ſome great
fex, and are choſen at Guildhall on Midſummer crime. He has the keeping of the monies, lands
day by the liverymen, but not ſworn till Michael and goods, of the city orphans, or takes good ſecu-
mas-eve, when they enter on their office; and rity for the payment thereof when the parties come
two days after are preſented in the Exchequer to age. To which end he is deemed in the law a
court in Weſtminſter-hall, to the lord-chancellor, ſole corporation, to him and his fucceffors, for
by the Lord-mayor and aldermen. Each ſheriff has orphans; and therefore a bond, or a recognizance
an under-ſheriff, fix clerks, thirty-ſix ferjeants ; made to him and his fucceffors, is recoverable by
and every ſerjeant a yeoman, who belongs to ei his ſucceſſors. His office may be termed a pub-
ther of the priſons, called Woodſtreet-compter, lic treaſury, collecting the cuſtoms, monies, and
or the Poultry-compter. If the perſon choſen yearly revenues, and all other payments belonging
ſheriff refuſes to ſerve, he pays a fine of four to the corporation of the city. He hath a court
hundred pounds to the city, and thirteen pounds, particularly belonging to him, of which we fall
fix ſhillings and eight-pence to the miniſters of ſpeak of bereafter.
the city priſons, unleſs he fwears himſelf not The common-council, conftables, and other
worth fifteen thouſand pounds; and if he ferves officers, are choſen by the houſekeepers of the
he is obliged to give bond to the corporation. ward, on St. Thomas's-day at a wardmote then
Their office in general is to collect the public re held by the aldermen.
venues within their ſeveral juriſdictions ; to ga The coroner of London is an officer of great
ther into the exchequer all fines belonging to the antiquity, even ſo far back as the time of king
crown ; to ſerve the king's writs of proceſs; to Alfred. His buſineſs is, to enquire into the
attend the judges and execute their orders ; to cauſes of all ſudden deaths, where there is the
leaſt

40
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
leaſt ſuſpicion of murder ; and for that purpoſe The common hunt is an officer whole buſiness
he impannels a jury, to whom he gives a charge, it is to take care of the pack of hounds belorg.
and takes evidence upon oach. The Lord-ınayoring to the Lord-mayor and citizens, to attend
for the time being is coroner of the city ; but he them in hunting in thoſe grounds to which they
appoints a deputy for the diſcharge of that office. are authorized by charter.
The coroner's jury have a right to examine the The common crier is to ſummon all executors
body of the deceaſed, and to call in the aſſiſtance and adminiſtrators of freemen to appear, and to
of phyſicians and ſurgeons. They are to try the bring in inventories of the perſonal eſtates of free-
ſuppoſed murderer; and if they acquit him of all men, within two months after the deceaſe; and
guilt, and concern in the death of the deceaſed, and he is to have notice of their appraiſements.
he is fec ac liberty ; but if they find him guilty, He is likewiſe to attend the Lord-mayor on fet
their ſentence is not final : the ſuppoſed murderer days, and at the courts held weekly by the mayor
being ſent to priſon to take his trial at the Old and aldermen.
Bailey. The coroner is likewiſe to enquire into The water bailiff is ro look after the preſerva-
the eſcape of a murderers, and alſo concerning tion of the river Thames againſt all encroachments,
found treaſure, deodands, and wrecks at ſea. There and to prevent the fiſhermen from deſtroying the
are ſeveral other coroners, who hold courts out of young fry by unlawful nets. For that end there
the liberties of the city, as for Weſtminſter, the are juries for each county, that hath any part of it
Tower Hamlets, &c.
lying on the ſides or ſhores of the ſaid river:
Befides theſe the Lord-mayor has the following which juries, fummoned by the water bailiff az
òfficers, viz. The common ſerjeant; the town certain times, do make enquiry of all offences
clerk; the city remembrancer; the ſword bearer; relating to the river and the fiſh, and make their
the common hunt; the conmon crier; and the preſentments accordingly. He is alſo bound to
water bailiff; all of which, except the town clerk, attend the Lord mayor on fet days in the week.
who is choſen by the livery, purchaſe their The following officers are likewiſe belonging to
places.
the city: farmer of the markets; auditor; clerk
The common ſerjeant is to attend the Lord. of the chamber; clerk to the commiſſioners of
mayor and court of aldermen on court, days, the fewers, clerk of the court of conſcience;
and to be in council with them, on all occaſions, beadle of the ſame court; clerk of the city works
within or without the precincts or liberties of the printer to the city; juſtice of the Bridge-yard ;
city. He is to take care of orphan's eſtates, either clerk comptroller of the Bridge-houſe ; ſteward
by taking account of them, or to ſign their inden of the Borough ; bailiff of the Borough.
Cures, before their paſſing the Lord-mayor and The city of London is at preſent divided into
court of aldermen. He is likewiſe to let, fet and twenty-ſix wards, viz. Alderſgate, Aldgate, Bal-
manage the orphans eftates, according to his fiſhaw, Billingſgate, Biſhopſgate, Bread-ſtreer,
judgment, to their beſt advantage.
Bridge, Broad-treet, Candlewick, Caſtle Bay-
The town-clerk, or common clerk is an officer nard, Cheap, Coleman-ftreet, Cordwainer, Corn-
who keeps the original charters of the city, the hill, Cripplegate, Dowgate, Farringdon-within,
books, rolls and other records, wherein are re Farringdon without, Langbourn, Lime-ſtreet,
giſtered the acts and proceedings of the city
. ; ſo Portſoken, Queenhithe, Tower, Vintry, Wall-
that he may not be improperly ftiled the city brook, and the ward of Bridge without.
regiſter. He attends the Lord-mayor and al The city has alſo two ſubordinate kinds of go-
dermen at their courts, in order to take down any vernment: one executed by the aldermen, deputy,
extraordinary proceeding that may occur. The and common-councilmen, and their inferior offi.
town clerk and common ſerjeant take place ac cers, in each ward; under which form are com-
cording to ſeniority.
prehended all the inhabitants, free or not free of
The city remembrancer is to attend the Lord the city. Every ward is therefore like a little free
inayor on certain days, to put his lordſhip in mind ftate, and at the ſame time ſubject to the Lord-
of the ſelect days when he is to go abroad with mayor, as chief magiſtrate of the city. The of-
the aldermen, &c. He is to attend daily at the ficers and ſervants of each ward manage the af-
parliament houſe, during the ſeſſions, and to re fairs belonging to it, without the aſſiſtance of the
port to the Lord-mayor their tranſactions. reſt, and each has a court called the wardmote,
The ſword-bearer is to attend the Lord-mayor || (of which we ſhall ſpeak hereafter) for the ma-
at his going abroad, and to carry the ſword before nagement of its own affairs. The other by the
him, being the emblem of juſtice. It is an an maſter, wardens, and court of affiftants, of the
cient and honourable office, repreſenting the ſtate incorporate companies ; whoſe power reaches no
and princely office of the king's moſt excellent further than over the members of their reſpective
majeſty, in his repreſentative the Lord-mayor, guilds or fraternities; except that in them is in-
and according to the rule of armory, “ he muſt vefted the power to chuſe repreſentatives in par-
carry the ſword upright, the hilts being holden liament for the city, and all thoſe magiſtrates and
under his bulk, and the blade directly up officers elected by a common-hall : which com-
the midſt of his breaſt, and ſo forth between the panies are inveſted with diſtinct powers, according
fword-bearer's brows."
to the tenor of their reſpective charters.
C H A PA

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
446
CHAPTER .
Containing an account of the ſeveral courts of juſtice within the city and liberties of London:
T
The Lord-mayor's Court.
leaſes and other inſtruments that paſs the city ſeal,
are executed; the aſſize of bread aſcertained ;
HIS is a court of record, held before conteſts relating to water-courſes, lights and party-
che Lord-mayor, aldermen, and recor walls adjuſted; and the city officers ſuſpended and
der, every Tueſday in Guildhall, where- || puniſhed according to the notoriety of their feve-
in actions of debt, treſpaſs, attachments, cove ral offences.
nants, &c. ariſing within the city and liberties of The faid court has not only a power of electing
any value may be tried, and actions from the ſhe- || annually eleven overſeers, or rulers of the frater-
riffs court removed hither, before the jury be || nity of watermen; but likewiſe a right of fixing
ſworn. It is alſo a court of chancery or equity, their ſeveral taxes, with the approbation of the
reſpecting affairs tranſacted in the city and liber privy council; and alſo a right of diſpoſing of
ties; and gives relief when judgment is obtained moſt of the places belonging to the city officers:
in the ſheriffs court, for more than the juſt debt.
This court has an office peculiar to itſelf, conſiſt-
The Sheriffs Courts.
ing of four attornies, by whom all actions cog-
nizable therein are entered, for the execution Theſe are courts of record, held in Guildhall
whereof there are ſix ferjeants of mace, who daily every Wedneſday and Friday, for actions entered
attend in the ſaid office. In many reſpects this at Wood-ſtreet-Compter, and on Thurſdays and
court is the beſt to commence a proceſs in, ſeeing || Saturdays for thoſe entered at the Poultry-Comp-
an action (excluſive of ſtamps) may be entered at ter, of which the ſheriffs being judges, each has
the ſmall charge of four-pence, and which, tho' his aſiſtant or deputy, who are commonly called
not proceeded upon, never dies, as thoſe in other || judges of theſe courts, before whom are tried ac-
courts : beſides, a fuit may be begun and ended tions of debt, treſpaſs, covenant, &c. and where
here, within the ſpace of fourteen days, for fo the teſtimony of an abſent witneſs in writing is al.
ſmall a charge as thirty ſhillings. In ſhort, this
lowed to be good evidence. To each of theſe
is the moſt extenſive court of the kingdom ; for courts belong four attornies, who upon their be-
all that is cognizable in the ſeveral courts of Eng- | ing admitted by the court of aldermen, have the
land, is the ſame in this. The juries for trying || following oath adminiſtered to them :
cauſes in this, and the ſheriffs courts, are by the
feveral courts of wardmote annually returned at ". Ye ſhall ſwear, that ye ſhall well and lawe
Chriſtmas, when each ward, according to cuſtom, fully examine your clients, and their quarrels,
appoint a fufficient number of perſons to ſerve on without champarty and without procuring of any
the faid juries for every month in the year as juries, or any inqueſt embracing. And that ye
follows:
ſhall change no quarrel out of ill-nature, after
your underſtanding. Alſo ye ſhall plead, nor ſuf-
Months
Wards.
fer to be pleaded by your aſſent, no foreign releaſe,
acquittance, payment, arbitration, plain account,
January, Aldgate, Portſoken and Cornhill. whatſoever it be, to put the court out of its ju-
February, Cheap-ward.
riſdiction ; nor none other matter; but it ſhall be
March, Baffiſhaw and Cripplegate.
ſuch as ye may find rightful and true by the in-
April, Vintry and Bread-ſtreet,
formation of your client, whoſe information and
May,
Tower and Billingſgate.
ſaying, upon your oath and conſcience, ye ſhall
June, Farringdon Without.
think to be true.
July, Bridge-ward.
And ye ſhall not inform, nor inforce, any man
Auguſt, Alderſgate, Coleman-ſt. and Broad-
to fue falſely againſt any perſon, by falſe or forged
ſtreet.
action. Ready ye ſhall be at all times to come
September, Farringdon Within, and Caſtle Bay and attend at the warning of the ſaid mayor, and
nard.
of the ſheriffs of the ſaid city, unleſs ye be letted
OEtober, Queenhithe, Dowgate, and Wall about the buſineſs of the ſaid city, or for ſome
brooke.
reaſonable cauſe. The franchiſes, laws, and or-
November, Langbourn, and Lime-ſtreet. dinances of this city, you ſhall keep, and due to
December, Candlewick,
Candlewick, Cordwainer, and Bi be kept co your power: and that well and lawfully
ſhopſgate.
ye ſhall do all things that to the office of attorney
mit Deinde
pertaineth to do, as God help you...
The Court of Lord-mayor and Aldermen,
To each of theſe courts likewiſe belong a few
This is a court of record, wherein is lodged a condary, a clerk of the papers, a prothonotary,
great part of the executive power, whereby all and four clerks fitters. The ſecondary's office
37
5T
IS

442
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
2.
to allow and return all writs brought to remove officers in each ward, the tenor: whereof is 25
cauſes out of the ſaid courts; the clerk of the follows:
papers files and copies all declarations upon ac-
tions; the prothonotary draws and engroſſes all 6. To the alderman of the ward of
declarations; the clerks, fitters, enter actions and
attachments, and cake bail and verdicts. To « We charge and command you, that, upon
each of the compters, or priſons belonging to St. Thomas's day the apoſtle, next coming, you
theſe courts, appertain ſixteen ferjeants at mace, do hold your wardmote; and that you have afore
with a yeoman to each, beſides inferior officers, us, at our general court of aldermen, to be holden
and the priſon keeper.
the Monday next after the feaſt of Epiphany next
In the ſheriffs court may be tried actions of coming, all the defaults that ſhall be preſented
debt, caſe, treſpaſs, covenant, and all perſonal afore you by inqueſt in the ſaid wardmote; and
actions, attachments and ſequeſtrations. And the che faid inqueſt ſhall have power and authority,
uſual practice of this court is to enter your action by one whole year, to inquire into and preſent all
at one of the compters; and any one of the fer ſuch defaults as ſhall be found within your ſaid
jeants may arreſt the defendant and bring him in ward, as oftentimes as ſhall be thought to you
to cuſtody, which arreſt may be made without expedient and needful; which we will fhall be
warrant or precept; and the ferjeant need not de-
once every month at leaſt.
clare his name, becauſe he is ſworn and known; “ And if it happen any of your faid inqueſt
but he ought to ſhew at whoſe ſuit the arreſt is do die, or depart out of your faid ward, within
made, for what, and of what return the pro the ſaid year, that then, in place of him or them
ceſs is of, that the defendant may know how to fo dying, or departing out of your faid ward, you
make his defence. After a verdict obtained in cauſe to be choſen one able perſon in his ſtead, to
the ſheriffs court, before the judgment is entered, inquire and preſent with the other, in manner and
the defendant may ſtop judgment by marking the form abovefaid.
cauſe before the Lord-mayor, for time to pay the 3.
" And that, at the ſaid general court, you
money recovered. This is to be done by an at give afore us the names and ſurnames of all them
torney of the mayor's court ; and if, upon hear of your faid ward that come not to your faid
ing of a marked cauſe, it appears that the plain-wardmote, if they be duly warned; ſo that due
tiff had a verdiet for more than his own juſt debt, redreſs and puniſhment of them may be had, as
his lordſhip may remit the cauſe to judgment the caſe ſhall require, according to the law.
for the juſt debt only, and allow ſuch time to 4. " And that you provide that, at all times
pay the ſame as he ſhall think reaſonable, on ſe convenient, a ſufficient watch be kept; and that
curity given. When an erroneous judgment is lanterns, with light by nightertail, in old manner
given in either of the ſheriffs courts of the city, accuſtomed, be hanged forth; and that no man
the writ of error to reverſe this judgment, muſt go by nightertail without light, nor with vizard,
be brought in the court of huftings, before the on the peril that belongeth thereto.
Lord. mayor, for that is the ſuperior court,
5 “ And alſo that you do cauſe to be chofen
men of the moſt ſufficient, honeſt, and diſcreet
The Court of Huſtings.
men of your ſaid ward, to be, for your ſaid ward,
of the common-council of this city for the year
This is a court of record, and the ſupreme ju- | enſuing, according to the cuſtom in that behalf
dicature of the city of London, and held weekly yearly ufed. And alſo that you do cauſe the faid
on Tueſdays: it was originally eſtabliſhed for the men, fo to be chofen to be of the common-coun-
preſervation of the laws, franchiſes, and cuſtoms cil, to be ſworn before you, and in your preſence,
of the city, and there preſided as judges, the according to the oath by them uſed and of old
principal magiſtrates; as at preſent do the Lord time accuſtomed.
mayor and ſheriffs, who are affifted by the recor 6. “ And that alſo, in the ſaid wardmote, you
der upon all cauſes of conſequence. In this court, cauſe to be choſen certain other honeſt perſons to
two ſorts of cauſes are pleadable, viz. pleas of land, be conftables and ſcavengers, and a common
and common pleas, diſtinctly; for one week, pleas || beadle, and a raker, to make clean the ſtreets
merely real are held, and the next, mixed ac and lanes of all your faid ward, according to the
tions are decided. Here deeds are inrolled, re cuſtom yearly uſed in that behalf; which conſta-
coveries paſſed, writs of right, waſte, partition, bles have, and ſhall have, full power and autho-
dower and replevin determined.
rity to diftrain for the ſalary and quarterage of the
ſaid beadle and raker, as oftentimes as it ſhall be
The Court of Wardmote.
behind, or unpaid.
7. " Alſo that you keep a roll of the names,
This court is denominated from the words ward ſurnames, dwelling-places, profeſſions and trades,
and mote ; that is, the ward court : for, in this of all perſons dwelling within your ward, and
city, pariſhes are as towns, and wards as hun. within what conſtables precinct they dwell; where-
dreds, wherefore this court reſembles that of the in the place is to be ſpecially noted by ſtreet, lane,
leet in the county; for, as the latter derives its alley, or ſign.
authority from the county court, ſo does the for 8. “ Alſo that you cauſe every conſtable, from
mer from that of the Lord-mayor; as is manifeſt time to ti
time to time, to certify unto you the name, ſur-
by the annual precept iſſued by the Lord-mayor name, dwelling-place, profeſſion and trade, of
to the ſeveral aldermen, for holding their re every perſon who ſhall newly come to dwell with-
ſpective motes or leets, for the election of proper in his precinct, whereby you may make and keep
your

HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
443
ΙΟ. ,
is
every church, houſe, ſhop, warehouſe, door, dead-
your roll perfect; and that
you
cauſe
every con-
keep no bawdry, nor ſuffer no letchery, dice play-
itable for his precinct, to that purpoſe; to make ing, carding, or any other unlawful games, to be
and keep a perfect roll in like manner.
done, exerciſed, or uſed within their houſes; and
9.
« Alſo that you give ſpecial charge to every
to ſhut in their doors at nine of the clock in the
inholder, and other perſons within your ward, who night from Michaelmas to Eaſter, and from Eaſter
Thall receive any perſon to ſojourn in his houſe to Michaelayas at ten of the clock in the night;
above two days, ſhall, before the third day after and, after that hour, ſell no ale or beer, And if
his coming thither, give knowledge to the con any huckſter of beer or ale after this act is pub-
ftable of the precinct, where he ſhall be ſo receiv liſhed and proclaimed, fell any ale or beer within
ed, of the name, ſurname, dwelling-place, pro any ward of the city of London, and be not ad-
feſſion and trade of life, or place of ſervice, of mitted by the alderman of the ſame ward ſo to do,
ſuch perſon, and for what cauſe he ſhall come to or find not fufficient ſurety, as is above rehearſed,
reſide there; and that the ſaid conſtable give pre the ſame huckſter to have impriſonment, and
fent notice thereof to you; and that the ſaid in make fine and ranſom for his contempt, after the
holder lodge no ſuſpected perſon, or men or wo diſcretion of the Lord-mayor and aldermen. And
men of evil name.
alſo that the ſaid huckſters ſuffer no manner of
“ Alſo that you cauſe every conſtable common eating or drinking within their cellars or
within his precinct, once every month at the far vaults, contrary to the ordinance thereof ordained
theft, and oftener if need require, to make diligent
ſearch and inquiry what perſons be newly come peareth at large. We charge you that you put
the
into his precinct to dwell, ſojourn or lodge ; and fame in due execution accordingly.
that you give fpecial charge, that no inholder or 17.
" And alſo that you ſee all tipplers, and
perſon ſhall reſiſt or deny any conſtables in mak other ſellers of ale or beer, as well privy oſteries
ing ſuch ſearch or inquiry ; but ſhall do his beſt as brewers and inholders within your ward, not
endeavour to aid and affiſt him therein.
ſelling by lawful meaſures, ſealed and marked
11. “ And for that, of late, there is more with the city arms, or dagger, be preſented, and
reſort to the city of perſons evil affected in religion their names in your faid indentures be expreſſed,
and otherwiſe than in former times hath been; you with their defaults; ſo that the chamberlain may
ſhall diligently inquire if any man be received to be lawfully anſwered of their amerciaments.
dwell or abide within your ward that is not puc 18. “ And alſo that you ſuffer no alien, or ſon
under frank.pledge, as he ought to be by the cuf of any born an alien, to be of the common-coun-
tom of the city, and whether any perſon hath cil; nor to exerciſe or uſe any other office within
continued in the ſaid ward by the ſpace of one this city ; nor receive nor accept any perſon your
year, being above the age of twelve years, and watch, privy or open, but Engliſhmen born; and
not ſworn to be faithful and loyal to the king's if a ſtranger born out of this realm, made deni-
majeſty, in ſuch fort as by the law and cuſtom of zen by lecters patents, or any other, after his
this city ought to be.
courſe or lot, be appointed to any watch, that
« To all theſe purpoſes the beadle of then ye command and compel him, or them, to
every ward ſhall employ his diligence, and give find in his ſtead and place an Engliſhman to ſup-
his beſt furtherance.
ply the ſame.
13. " Alſo you are to take order that there be 19. “ And alſo that you cauſe an abſtract of
provided and ſet up a pair of ſtocks, and a whip the aſſize, appointed by act of parliament for bil-
ping-poſt, in ſome convenient place in every pariſh lets and other fire wood, to be fair written in
within your ward, for the puniſhment of vagrants parchment, and to be fixed or hanged up in a ta-
and other offenders.
ble, in fome fit and convenient place in the pa-
14.
6 Alſo that you have ſpecial regard that, riſh within your ward, where the common people
from time to time, there be convenient proviſion may beſt ſee the ſame.
for hooks, ladders, buckets, ſpouts, and engines,
“ And furthermore we charge and com-
in meet places, within the ſeveral pariſhes of your mand you, that you cauſe ſuch proviſion to be
ward, for avoiding the peril of fire.
had in your ſaid ward, that all the ſtreets and
15.
“ Alſo that the ſtreets and lanes of this lanes within the ſaid ward be, from time to time,
city be, from time to time, kept ciean before cleanſed, and clearly voided of ordure, dung,
mire, rubbiſh, and other filthy things, whatſoever
wall, and in all other common-paſſages and ſtreets ſhall be the annoyance of the king's majeſty's ſub-
of the ſaid ward.
jects.
16. " And whereas, by divers acts of com-
5. And alſo that at all times, as you ſhall
mon-council, aforetime made and eſtabliſhed for think neceſſary, you do cauſe ſearch to be made
the common-weal of this city, among other within your ſaid ward for all vagrant beggars,
things, it is ordained and enacted as hereafter ſuſpicious and idle people, and ſuch as cannot
enſueth :
ſhew how to live ; and ſuch as ſhall be found
That, from henceforth, no huckſter of ale within your ſaid ward, that you
cauſe to be pu-
or beer be within any ward of the city of Lon niſhed and dealt with according to the laws and
don, but honeſt perſons of good name and fame,
ſtatutes in ſuch caſe ordained and provided.
and ſo taken and admitted by the aldermen of the
And alſo we will and charge you, the
ward for the time being, and that the ſame huck ſaid alderman, that yourſelf certify and preſent
ſters do find ſufficient ſurety, afore the mayor and before us, at the ſaid general court, to be holden
aldermen for the time being, to be of good guid the aforeſaid Monday next after the feaſt of the
ing and rule; and that the fame huckſters ſhall || Ephiphany, all the names and ſurnames, truly
written,
12.
20.
21.
22.

444
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
written, of ſuch perſons being and dwelling Henry VIII. by an act of common-council, for
within your ſaid ward, as to be able to paſs in the recovery of ſmall debts, under the value of
any petty jury by themſelves; that is to ſay, forty ſhillings and has ſince been confirmed by
every grand juryman to be worth - in goods an ſeveral acts of parliament (ſee page 184. 211.)
hundred marks, and every petty juryman forty It is of great uſe to ſuch poor debtors as are not
marks, according to an act in that caſe ordained able to pay their debts immediately; and alſo of
and provided; and the ſame you ſhall indorfe on great benefit to ſuch poor perſons as have ſmall
the back-ſide of your indenture.
debts owing to them, and are unable to enter
23. “ Item, For divers reaſonable and urgent into a more expenſive ſuit.
conſiderations us eſpecially moving, we ſtraightly The Lord-mayor and court of aldermen ap-
charge and command you, on the king our fo point monthly ſuch commoners to ſit as commil-
vereign lord's behalf, that ye diligently provide ſioners in this court as they think fit, and theſe,
and foreſee, that no manner of perſon or perſons, or any three of them, compoſe a court, kept in
within your ſaid ward, what condition or degree Guildhall every Wedneſday and Saturday, from
ſjever he or they be of, keeping tavern or ale eleven till two o'clock, to hear and determine ſuch
houſe, ale-cellar, or any other victualling houſe, cauſes as are brought before them. They have
or place of common reſort to eat or drink in, the power of adminiftering an oath to the credi-
within the fame ward, permit or ſuffer, at any tor, of examining witneſſes, and of making
time hereafter, any common women of their bo ſuch orders between the plaintiff and defendant,
dies, or harlots, to reſort and come into their the creditor and debtor, as they think moſt agree-
ſaid houſe, or other the places aforeſaid, to eat or able to equity and conſcience ; and if the debtor
drink, or otherwiſe to be converſant, or abide, be unable to pay the whole ſum at once, they ap-
or thither to haunt or frequent, upon pain of im point it to be paid monthly in ſuch proportions
priſonment as well of the tenant and keeper of as they judge to be in his power; but if he neg-
every ſuch houſe or houſes, and all other the places lects paying monthly into court the ſmall ſums
aforeremembered, as of the common women and appointed, he may be ſerved with an execution,
harlots.
and carried to priſon; or if the perſon cannot be
24. " Alſo that you do give in charge to the found, his goods may be ſeized.
wardmote inqueſt of your ward all the articles In this court a cauſe may be brought and de-
delivered to you herewith ; and that you may
termined for the value of ten pence, viz. ſixpence
have a ſpecial care of keeping the peace and good for the plaint and ſummons, and four-pence for
order during your wardmote; and if any offend the order ; but if the defendant does not appear
herein, you may fine or puniſh them according the ſecond court day after the ſummons, an at-
to law.
tachment may be awarded againſt him.
25.
66 And whereas the monies received for If any citizen ſhall be arreſted for a debt under
the fines of perſon's refuſing to hold ward-offices forty ſhillings, this court will grant a ſummons for
within your ward ought to be employed in the the plaintiff in the action, and if he does not ap-
ſervice and for the public benefit of the whole pear on the firſt court day after the ſummons is
ward, and not of any particular precinct or pariſh left at his houſe, the court will grant an attach-
within the ward; theſe are therefore to require ment againſt him, force him to take his debt, and
you to take care that all ſuch fines be, from time pay the defendant his coſts ; and if any attorney
to time, diſpoſed of accordingly, for the benefit in London ſhall preſume to proceed in any ſuch
of the whole ward, as you, with the deputy and ſuit, after notice to the contrary, or ſhall refuſe
common-council-men of your ward, ſhall think to obey the order of this court, upon complaint
moſt ficting and convenient; and that no ſuch thereof to the court of aldermen, they will ſuf-
fines be received or employed in any particular ſpend ſuch perſon from his practice.
precinct or pariſh.
“ Not failing hereof, as you tender the com The fees taken by the clerks of the Court of
mon-weal of this city and advancement of good Conſcience are as follows:
juſtice, and as ye will anſwer to the contrary at
d.
your utmoſt peril.
For every plaint
Dated at
under the ſeal-office of may For every appearance
oralty of the ſaid city, in the
For every order
4
the reign of our ſovereign lord George the For every remittance to the common law
4
Third, &c.
For every precept or warrant to commit to
priſon
6
It appears by this precept, that the court of For every ſearch
wardmote conſiſts of the alderman and the re For every ſatisfaction acknowledged on an
ſpective houſholders of his ward, by whom are order
6
annually elected the ſeveral officers peculiar to För warning any perſon within the liberties o 6
the ſame ; among whom being thoſe of the inqueft, For ſerving
any precept or warrant
they receive the aforeſaid inſtructions for their
better regulation
Beſides the Court of Conſcience held at Guilda
hall for the city, there is one in Bedford-court,
The Court of Requeſts ; alſo called the Court of near Covent-garden; another in Fulwood's-rents,
Conſcience.
High-holbourn; another at St. Margarets-hill
This court was firſt inſtituted in the reign of Southwark; and another in Whitechapel.
The
o
2
O
2
year of
O O
O
2
o 6

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
445
The Court of Conſervacy.
ging, &c. or take away any boards or ſtakes, un-
dermine banks, walls, &c. he ſhall forfeit five-
This court is yearly held eight times before the pounds. ſee page 191.
Lord-mayor, at ſuch places and times as his lord And, for the more effectual preſervation of the
fhip ſhall think fit to appoint, within the reſpective || navigation and fiſh in the river Thames, the Lord-
counties of Middleſex, Effex, Kent, and Surry ; mayor, as conſervator thereof has his affiftant, or
in which ſeveral counties he has a power of fun deputy, the water-bailiff; who, together with his
moning juries, who for the better preſervation of ſubſtitutes, detect and bring to juſtice all ſuch
the fiſhery of the river Thames, and regulation of perſons as ſhall preſume to deſtroy either the cura
the filhermen that fiſh therein, are upon oath to renc, or the fiſh of the ſaid river.
make inquiſition of all offences committed in and
upon the ſaid river, from Staines-bridge in the
Pie-Powder Court.
weſt to Yenfleta in the eaſt ; and to preſent all
perſons that are found guilty of a breach of the This is a court of record denominated pipoudres
following ordinances :
(vulgarly Pie-powder) and is incident to every
That no perſon hall ſhoot any draw-net, &c. fair, as a court-baron is to a manor. It is derived
at any time of the year before fun-riſing or after from pedas pulveriſati, and is ſo called from its
fun fetting ; that no filherman Mall ftill-lie, or expeditious proceedings in the deciſion of all
bend over any net during the time of the flood, controverſies that happen in fairs ; becauſe for
whereby falmons, &c. may be hindered, and the encouragement of traders who frequent the
kept back from ſwimming upwards ; that no ſame, juſtice is as quickly adminiſtered as duſt
fiſherman, or others, ſhall uſe any ſpear called an can fall from the feet.
eel-ſpear, nor exerciſe any fiue-trarmel, double This is held in Cloth-fair (during the time of
walled net, or hooped net, to deſtroy the fry of Bartholomew-fair by the city of London, and
fiſh ; that no fiſherman uſe any mill poſts, or Mr. ---, for hearing and deciding all differences
other engines, with the heads againſt the ſtream ; committed againſt the tenor of the
following pro-
that no fiſherman ſhall rug for flounders between clamation, which is annually made before the
London-bridge and Weſtminſter, &c. but only Lord-mayor, on the eve of St. Bartholomew, for
two caſts at low water, and two caſts at high wa the better regulation of the ſaid fair.
ter; and that no founder be taken under the ſize
of ſix inches; that no fiſherman, or other, fiſh " The right honourable, Lord-mayor
with or uſe any angle with more than two hooks of the city of London, and his right worſhipful
upon a line, within the limits of London-bridge;
brethren the aldermen of the ſaid city, ſtraightly
that no Peter-men fiſh further weſtward than Rich charge and command, on the behalf of our
mond, to which place the water ebbs and flows; ſovereign lörd the king, that all manner of per-
that no fiſherman keep two boys in one boat, un fons, of whatſoever eſtate, degree or condition
leſs one be at man's eſtate ; nor take up any they be, having recourſe to this fair, keep the peace
wreck or drift upon the water, without notice to of our ſovereign lord the king.
the water-bailiff,' &c. and all fiſherman ſhall be . “ That no perſon or perſons make any congre-
regiſtered, &c. under divers penalties and forfei gation, conventicles, or affrays, by which the
fame peace may be broke or diſturbed, upon pain
Theſe orders are for regulating the fiſh weſt of impriſonment, and fine to be made after the
ward, between London bridge and Staines-bridge; direction of the Lord-mayor and aldermen.
and there are ſeveral orders for the government of " Alſo, that all manner of ſellers of wine, ale,
the fiſhery eaſtward, between London-bridge and or beer, ſell by meaſures unſealed, as by gallon,
Yendale, touching unlawful taking of ſmelts, pottle, quart, and pint, upon pain that will fall
whitings, ſhads, fiſh out of ſeaſon, royal fiſh; thereof.
ſuch as whales, fturgeons, porpuſſes, &c. and “ And that no perſon ſhall fell any bread ex-
preſerving the ſame, at the court of conſervacy of cept it keep the aſſize; and that it be good and
the river Thames.
wholeſome for man's body, upon pain that will
By an order of the tenth of July, 1673, no follow thereof.
perſon ſhall draw the ſhores in the river of Thames, 66 And that no manner of cooke, pie-baker,
ſave only for falmon, by perſons empowered, &c. nor huckſter, ſell or puc to fale any manner of
and none ſhall fiſh with a net under ſix inches in victual, except it be good and wholeſome for man's
the mealh, on pain of 2ol. and the water-bailiff || body, upon pain that will fall thereof.
hath
any town, &c. to be aſſiſtant to him in ſearching but with true weights and meaſures, ſealed ac-
for and ſeizing unlawful nets, &c. no fiſherman, || cording to the ſtatute in that behalf made, upon
or other perſon, ſhall caſt any foil, gravel, or rub pain that will fall thereof.
biſh, in the Thames, whereby banks or ſhelves are " And that no perſon or perſons take upon him
raiſed, and the common paffage hindered, nor or them, within this fair, to make any manner of
drive any piles or ſtakes in the ſaid river, upon arreſt, attachment, ſummons, or execution ; ex-
which the like danger may ariſe on the penalty of cepe it be done by the officers of this city there.
ten pounds.
unto aſſigned, upon pain that will befal thereof.
And by ftatue 27. Hen. 8. if any perſon ſhall " And that no perſon or perſons whatſoever,
procure any thing to be done to the annoyance of within the limits or bounds of this fair, preſume
the Thames, in making of ſhelves, mining, dig to break the Lord's day, in ſelling, fhewing, or
38
offering
tures.
, nor fell,
5 U

446
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON..
offering to ſale, or in buying or offering to buy, caſions, are attended by both the ſheriffs, and by
any commodities whatſoever; or in fitting, tip one or more of the national judges. The offences
pling, or drinking, in any tavern, inn, ale houſe, in the city are tried by a jury of citizens, and
tippling-houſe, or cook’s-houſe, or in doing any thoſe committed in the county by a Middleſex
other thing that may tend to the breach thereof, l jury. The crimes tried in this court are high and
upon the pains and penalties contained in ſeveral petty treaſon, murder felony, forgery, petty lar-
acts of parliament, which will be ſeverely inflicted ceny, burglary, cheating, libelling, the uſing of
upon the breakers thereof.
falſe weights and meaſures, &c. the penalties in-
“ And finally, that what perſons foever find curred by which are the loſs of life, corporal pu-
themſelves grieved, injured, or wronged by any nilh ment, tranſportation, amerciaments, &c.
manner of perſon in this fair, that they come with
their plaints before the ſtewards in this fair, af-
The Coroner's Court.
ſigned to hear and determine pleas; and they will
miniſter to all parties juſtice according to the laws The Lord-mayor being perpetual coroner of
of the land and cuſtoms of this city."
che city, this court is held before him or his de-
puty; the buſineſs of which has been explained in
The Chamberlain's Court.
deſcribing the office of coroner.
The Court of Orphans.
This is an office kept in Guildhall, in a room
on the right hand ſide of the paſſage leading into
the court of King's-bench, where the chamberlain
attends every morning to decide the differences
that ariſe between maſters and apprentices, to en-
roll and turn over the latter, and to admit all who
are duly qualified, to the freedom of the city; of
whom there are annually admitted about fifteen
hundred.
The Court of Hallmote.
This courtis denominated from the place where-
in it is kept, and belongs to the ſeveral compa-
nies of citizens, by whom it is occaſionally held
in their reſpective halls, and wherein, the affairs
belonging to each of the ſaid corporations are re-
fpectively tranſacted.
This court is occaſionally held at Guildhall, by
the Lord-mayor and aldermen, who are guardians
to the children of freemen under the age of twen-
one years at che deceaſe of their fathers, and take
upon them not only the management of their
goods and chattels, but likewiſe that of their per-
ſons, by placing them under the care of tutors,
to prevent diſpoſing of themſelves during their
minority, without their approbation.
By this court the common ſerjeant is authorized
to take exact accounts and inventories of all the
deceaſed freemens eftates; and the youngeſt at-
torney of the Lord-mayor's court being clerk to
that of the orphans, is appointed to take ſecuri-
ties for their ſeveral portions in the name of the
chamberlain of London, who is a corporation of
himſelf for the ſervice of the ſaid orphans ; and
to whom a recognizance or bond, made upon the
account of an orphan, ſhall by the cuſtom of
London, deſcend to his fucceffor.
It is likewiſe to be obſerved, that when a free-
man of London dies and leaves children in their
minority, the clerks of the ſeveral pariſhes are,
according to a law of the city, to give in their
names to the common crier, who is immediately
to fummon the widow, or executor, to appear
before the court of Lord-mayor and aldermen,
to bring an inventory of, and ſecurity for the tef-
tator's eſtate ; for which two months time is com-
monly allowed : and, in caſe of non-appearance,
or refuſal of ſecurity, the Lord-mayor may com-
mit the contumacious executor to Newgate.
St. Martin's-le-Grand Court,
This court, though within the city, is yet with-
out its juriſdiction, as being in, and belonging to
the liberty of that name, which is ſubject to the
dean and chapter of Weſtminſter. It is a court
of record, held weekly on Wedneſdays, for the
trial of all perſonal actions whatſoever, the princi-
pal whereof is a capias againſt the body, or an
attachment againſt the goods ; ſo that a man's
goods may be ſeized upon in his own houſe, upon
the firſt proceſs, if his perſon is not ſecured be-
fore; which is according to the practice of all
ancient liberties or franchiſes.
The Court of the Tower of London.
The Court of Eſcheator.
This is a court of record held by preſcription
within the verge of the city, on Great Tower-hill,
by a ſteward appointed by the conſtable of the
Tower of London, by whom are tried actions of
debt (for any ſum) damage and treſpaſs.
The Lord-mayor of London being perpetual
eſcheator within the city, the court is held before
him or his deputy, to whom all original writs of
Diem clauſit extremum, Mandamus Devenerunt,
Melius inquirend', &c. are directed to find an of-
fice for the king, after the death of his tenant who
held by knight's ſervice. The efcheator may alſo
find an office for treaſon, felony, &c.
Juſtice-hall Court.
This court is held eight times a year by the
king's commiſſion of oyer and terminer, for the
trial of criminals for crimes committed within the
city of London and county of Middleſex. The
judges are, the Lord-mayor, the aldermen paſt
the chair, and the recorder, who, on all ſuch oc-
The Court of Common-Council.
This court conſiſts of the Lord-mayor, alder-
men and repreſentatives of the ſeveral wards ;
and

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON. 3 447
and being the city legiſlature, make bye-laws for one of the number. They alſo, by virtue of a
the good government thereof. They affemble in royal grant, yearly appoint a governor, deputy
Guildhall as often as the Lord-mayor by his ſum and aſſiſtants, for managing the civil lands in
mons thinks proper to convene them: they an Ireland. They have alſo a right of diſpoſing of
nually ſelect from among themſelves a committee || the offices of town-clerk, common-ſerjeant, judges
of fix aldermen and twelve commoners for letting of the ſheriffs court, common crier, coroner, bai-
the city lands, to which end they generally meet liff of the Borough of Southwark, and city gar-
at Guildhall on Wedneſdays. They likewiſe ap bler.
point another committee of four aldermen and Having thus gone through the juriſdiction and
eight commoners, for tranſacting the affairs be-
government of this great metropolis, we ſhall
longing to the benefactions of Sir Thomas Gre now proceed to ſurvey the reſpective wards into
ſham, who generally meet at Mercer’s-hall at the which the city of London is divided,
appointment of the Lord.mayor, who is always
senses
BEDRE
CHO
C Η Α Ρ Τ Ε R
III.
T
Of the antiquity of wards. Deſcription of Alderſgate Ward, with an account of its bounds,
ſtreets, churches, halls, and all other public buildings.
HE firſt intelligence we have of the ward within. Its principal ſtreets are Alderſgate-
number of wards in this city is in the ſtreet, Pickax-ſtreet, Jewin-ſtreet, Noble-ſtreet,
year 1284, at which time there appear Long-lane, Little-Britain, Staining.lane, Maiden-
ed to be twenty-four ; and in the year 1393, the lane, and Foſter-lane.
great ward of Farringdon being very much in Alderſgate-ſtreet, which is very ſpacious and
creaſed both in number of houſes and inhabitants, long, runs northward to the end of Barbican on
it was, by parliament, divided into the inward the eaſt ſide, and Long-lane on the weſt.
and outward wards, by which the number was in. About the middle of this ſtreet formerly ſtood
creaſed to twenty-five. And in the year 1550 the London-Houfe, ſo called from its being the pa-
citizens having purchaſed of king Edward VI. lace of the biſhops of that ſee. It was a large
the Borough of Southwark, with divers privi- || commodious brick building, with a neat chapel
leges thereunto belonging, they formed the ſame belonging to it; but being deſerted by the pre-
into another ward, which made twenty-ſix; but lates, was at laſt let out into ſeveral tenements
the power granted them by charter not proving and warehouſes
. This ancient edifice was lately
fufficient to ſupport their title thereto, by exclud conſumed by fire, ſince which new buildings have
ing the juſtices of peace for the county of Surry been erected in its ſtead.
from interfering in the government thereof, it is Nearly oppoſite to this ſtands Shafteſbury-
only therefore a nominal ward, and is of no other houſe, now called
ufe then adding a farther dignity to the ſenior al-
derman, who is called Father of the city.
The London Lying-in Hoſpital.
Theſe wards, being twenty-ſix in number, and
which contain the whole city and liberty of Lon This edifice is built with brick and ornamented
don, we ſhall deſcribe in alphabetical order, be with ſtone, in a moft noble and elegant tafte.
ginning with
The front to the ſtreet is adorned with lonic pi-
laſters. The door which is arched, and has a
ALDERSGATE WARD. balcony ſupported by ſcrolls, opens into a ſmall
area encompaſſed with buildings, within which
This ward took its origin from a city gate, are accommodations for the patients. It was
which lately ſtood near St. Botolph's church: it built by the maſterly hand of Inigo Jones, and
is divided in two parts, viz. Alderſgate within, was formerly the reſidence of the earls of Shaftes-
and Alderſgate without; each of which conſiſt of || bury; but being deſerted by its polite inhabitants,
four precincts, under one alderman, eight com it was alſo let out for ſeveral mechanical uſes, and
mon-council-men (two of whom are the alder would have entirely run away to decay, had it
man's deputies) eight conſtables, fourteen inqueſt not been for the pious founders and promoters of
men, eight ſcavengers and a beadle; excluſive of this noble charity ; by which every neceſſary, ac-
the officers belonging to St. Martin's le Grand. commodation and affiſtance are furniſhed for mar-
The jurymen returned by the wardmote inqueſt ried women in the laſt ſtate of their pregnancy,
ſerve in the feveral courts in Guildhall in the time of labour, and month of lying-in.
month of Auguſt.
This excellent charity was inſtituted on the
The north extremity of this ward terminates thirtieth of March 1750, by ſeveral generous and
in Pickax-ſtreet, and other parts without the free humane perſons ; and has met with great en-
dom: on the eaſt it is bounded by Cripplegate || couragement from both ſexes ; but ſo many dif-
ward; on the weſt by Farringdon ward within treffed objects daily prefent themſelves, that its
and without; and on the ſouth by Farringdon income, ſupported only by voluntary contribu-
cions,

443
HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LONDON. IT
tions, is not equal to its wants ; wherefore the
Qualification for admiſſion. 'god in
governors find it ſtill neceſſary to apply for the af-
031 ay laron to
GAſtance of the public, to whom the following Married women admitted into this hoſpital,
conditions are offered :
muſt previouſly produce a certificate of their
marriage from a lawful miniſter, or in caſe they
I. Such perſons as ſubſcribe thirty guineas are cannot, then an affidavit of their being married,
governors for life, and may recommend one preg. and the time when and place where, and alſo the
nant woman to be upon the books at a time. fecilement of the huſbands, and by what means
2. Thofe who ſubſcribe five guincas per an. ſuch ſettlement was gained. And no woman is
num, are governors fo long as they continue their to be taken into the houſe, who hath any conta-
ſubſcriptions, and entitled to recommend as in the gious diſtemper.
former article.53
The preſent ſtate of the hoſpical, together with
3. Annual governors may
make
up
their fub the number of patients which have been delivered,
ſcriptions thirty guineas, within one year from the ſince its firſt inſtitution, is as follows:
laſt payment, and thereupon become governors
for life.
Women delivered, from the inſtitution
4. Ladies and gentlemen are at liberty, in all of the hoſpital to the 27th day of July
elections of officers, to vote by proxy, ſignified 1769, of whomi ſeventy-five had twins, and
in writing
one delivered of three children.
6698
ŞMales ? 3457 }
Children born
N. B. All leffer benefactions are thankfally
Fem.
6775
received. And for the ſatisfaction of the pub-
lic, that the women are well and properly taken
£.
care of, ladies, though not governeſſes, are per-
Monies received from the inſti.
mitted to go into the wards.
tution of the hoſpital, to the fifth
day of March 1769
20078 I 7
Rules of the hoſpital.
Moniesexpended, from the inſti-
tution of the hoſpital, to the ninth
A general court of the governors is held four day of the ſame month
15234 54
times a year; namely, in the months of March, Four thouſand five hundred and
June, September and December, to receive the fifty pounds Old South-ſea annui-
report of the quarterly committees, elect a new ties, which coſt
4367 18
committee, and tranfact ſuch other buſineſs as Caſh in the treaſurer's hands to
may then be laid before them.
the ſame day, and at the banker's 475 18 3
3318
S. d.
I
Houſe committee.
20078 7
A houſe committee is appointed at every ge Beſides fifty pounds Old South-ſea annuities,
neral quarterly court, confifting of twelve go transferred by a lady, and 100l, dicto, left by
vernors; three of whom are à quorum. This Charles Welt, eſq;
committee meets every Wedneſday morning at A little to the ſouth of London-houſe formerly
eleven o'clock in the forenoon, at the ſaid hoſpital ſtood the fine manſion of the earls of Weſtmore-
to receive and difcharge patients, inſpect the diet land; but this, like the two former, being de-
and proviſions, order any furniture and conve ſerted by its inhabitants, was afterwards let oud
niences that may from time to time be wanted, in tenements and to mechanic uſes; and at length
and examine into and regulate the conduct of all became ſo decayed, that the whole of the remains
the ſervants and patients of the houſe. Theſe com have been entirely taken down, and new build-
mittees are to make their reports to the general || ings are now erecting in their ſtead.
quarterly courts.
At the ſouth-weſt corner of this ſtreet, where
Little-Britain ends in the eaſt, ſtands the pariſh
The number of Beds at preſent in this Hoſpital is 40. church of
Servants.
St. BOTOLPH, ALDERSGATE.
A matron, who is a midwife, conſtantly reſides
in the hoſpital, and acts as ſuch in all natural and
eaſy labours.
A ſufficient number of nurſes and ſervants to
take care of the patients, and the common bu-
fineſs of the houſe.
Alſo a beadle, who conſtantly reſides at the
hoſpital, to be ready to go on all meſſages on
ſudden emergencies, and ſummon the governors,
&c.
Note, the ſervants of the houſe are forbid to
take any fee or reward from the patients, on any
pretence whatſoever, on pain of being diſcharged.
This church is ſo denominated from its dedica-
tion to St. Botolph, a Saxon Monk, and its vi-
cinity to one of the city gates. It eſcaped the fire
of London in the year 1666, but afterwards grew
ſo ruinous, that, except the roof, it was entirely
rebuilt. The building is a plain brick edifice,
with a Tower ſupported on a kind of arch-work,
and crowned with an open turret and its fane. It
was anciently a rectory, but is at preſent a curacy
in the patronage of the dean and chapter of Weſt-
minſter-abbey; and is ſubject to the biſhop and
archdeacon of London, to whom it pays procura-
tion.
Nearly

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London.
TIMU
02.
TURAN
hen
FLIPC
DILOR
HEHHELL
estos marco
S'Annes & Agnies Aderogatel.
S.+Botolphis Aldersgatel.
jelesne
26
mas
St Martin Outwick Threadneedle Street.
S:t Olaves Old Sonry:
CAC
000
쿠
​22
St Bartholomew the Great..
St Bartholomew the defa.

HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
449
Nearly oppoſite to this church is
The affairs of this office are under the manage.
COOK's H A L L.
ment of twenty-four directors, elected by a majo-
rity of the members out of their own body, by
Which takes its name from the compariy of || ballot, at a general meeting in the month of Sep-
cooks, incorporated by Edward IV. in the year tember; at which time the eldeſt eight of the
1480, and is more to be admired for its conve twenty-four go out, and eight others are elected
nience than elegance in building. This company in their ſtead in a way of conſtant rotation. Theſe
have two maſters, two wardens and twenty-five appoint all the other officers, and meet every
aſſiſtants, and are entitled to the livery of the Wedneſday in the afternoon, between the hours
city; but, in conformity to their charter, every of three and ſeven, to diſpatch buſineſs; and in
member of the company muſt be preſented to the March to acertain the dividends and contributions
Lord-mayor before he is admitted into the free-
for the preceding year. The directors alſo chuſe
dom.
out of their own body; by ballot, a. treaſurer,
On the north fide of St. Anne’s-lane, within and two aſſiſtant treaſurers; aiſo ſix cruſtees, three
Alderſgate is the pariſh church of
of whom ſign all policies; and five auditors to
paſs and examine the accounts.
St. A N N E.
There are alſo porters, watermien, &c. provided
This church owes its name to its dedication to
by the office, who are commonly called firemnen,
St. Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mary. The
becauſe it is their duty to attend all fires, and to
old church was entirely burnt down in the fire of
affiſt in putting out the ſame, and moving of
London, and the preſent was raiſed in its place || goods ; and theſe men are diſtinguiſhed by the
about three years after. It is a very plain edifice : || livery and badge of the ſociety.
the body is enlightened by a few large windows,
caſed with ruſtic; the Tower, which is very
At the north-eaſt angle of Foſter-lane ſtands
plain, is alſo ſtrengthened at the corners with
GOLDSMITH S-H A L L.
ruftic, and from its top riſes a turret and ſpire.
The advowſon of this church was given by queen
Mary to the biſhop of London, in whoſe gift it
This ſpacious building ſupplies the place of
continues: and the pariſh of St. John Zachary,
one which was originally built by Drew Berentin,
whoſe church was burnt down in the year 1666,
about the year 1407, but was deſtroyed by the
not being rebuilt, is now annexed unto it,
fire of London in 1666. It is an irregular ſtruc-
Theſe
ture built with brick, and the corners wrought in
joined together have made the living worth 1401.
ruſtic of ſtone. The door is large, arched, and
per annum: and St. John Zachary's being in the
decorated with doric columns, which ſupport a
gift of the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, the
biſhop and the dean and chapter alternately pre-
pediment of the arched kind, but open for a
ſent to this united living. It is a rectory, and
Thield, in which are the arms of the company.
ſubject to the archdeacon.
The hall room is ſpacious, and both that and the
The fire and church-yard of the aboliſhed
other rooms well enlightened. In the hall are ſe-
church of St. John Zachary, whoſe pariſh is
veral good pictures, particularly thoſe of Sir
united to St. Anne's, is ſituate at the corner of
Martin Bowers, and Sir Hugh Middleton, both
Maiden-lane, in Foſter-lane; adjoining to which
of this company, and great benefactors to it.
there formerly ſtood the ſtately houſe of Sir
The company of Goldſmiths appears to be of
Richard Kennet, on whoſe ruins is raiſed a hand-
great antiquicy ; for in the reign of Henry II. in
ſome modern building for the
the year 1180, it was, among other guilds, fined
for being adultering, that is, ſetting up without
UNION FIRE-OFFICE of aſurance for
the king's ſpecial licence, But at length, in
goods and merchandize from loſs by fire.
1327, Edward III. in conſideration of the fum
of ten marks, incorporated this company by let-
This office was erected by a conſiderable num ters patent, and granted them the privilege of
ber of perſons, who mutually agreeing to inſure purchaſing an eſtate of twenty pounds per annum
each others goods and merchandize from loſs by in mortmain, for the ſupport of their valetudi-
fire by an amicable contribution, entered into a
nary
members, which, in the year 1394, was con-
deed of ſettlement for that purpoſe, on the 16th firmed by Richard II. for the ſum of twenty
of February 1714-15, and had it enrolled in chan-
marks. Theſe grants were afterwards confirmed
cery on the third of July following; and this by Edward IV. in the year 1462, who alſo con-
deed being ſigned by all perſons deſirous of be. ſtituted this ſociety a body politic and corporate,
coming members, they are thereby admitted to to have a perpetual ſucceſſion, and a common ſeal.
an equal ſhare in the profit and loſs, in proportion By the ſaid grant they had likewiſe the privilege
to their reſpective policies. They inſure for all of inſpecting, trying, and regulating all gold and
merchants, traders, houſe-keepers, and others in filver wares, not only in this city, but in all other
the cities of London and Weſtminſter, and within parts of the kingdom ; with the power of puniſh-
ten miles round, merchandize, goods, wares, ing all offenders concerned in working adulterated
untenſils in trade, houſhold furniture, and wear gold and ſilver ; and the power of making bye-
ing apparel; except plate, pictures, glaſs and laws for their better government.
china ware not in trade; ready money, jewels, This fraternity is governed by a prime warden,
books of account, tallies, writings, barns, ricks, three other wardens, and a numerous court of
and ſtacks of corn, hay, ſtraw and horſes. The affiftants.
term of inſurance is ſeven years, or leſs if required. At the eaſt end of Staining-lane is the ſite and
church.
38
5X

450
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
06
church-yard of St. Mary Staining's parih-church, Holy Trinity. The ſite of this ancient religious
burnt down in 1666, which parilh is fince united houſe remains ftill, by the name of Trinity-hall,
with St. Michael's, in Wood-ſtreet.
and ſeveral tenements in Trinity-lane, in the pof-
Towards the north end of Noble-ſtreet ſtands ſeſſion of the pariſh; and part of the building
a ſpacious hall originally built by the Scriveners, now remains. The lower part is let out for a cof-
an ancient fraternity, denominated “ The wri fee houſe, (called Alderſgate coffee-houſe) but
ters of the court letter of the city of London;" the upper room retains ſomething of the appear-
but not incorporated till the year 1616, when ance of its original uſe, and is uſed as a place of
king James I. granted them his letters patent by worſhip for a congregation of Non-jurors. This
the name and ſtyle of “ The maſter, wardens, room is likewiſe uſed by the pariſhioners who
“ and aſſiſtants of the ſociety of writers of the meet in veftry on particular occafions.
“ city of London.” This company is governed We come now to the liberty of St. Martin's-
by a maſter, two wardens, and twenty-four af le-Grand, which comprehends no more than that
fiftants; and enjoy the livery: but being reduced part of the ſtreet which runs from Blowbladder-
to low circunſtances, they ſold their hall to the ſtreer, on the ſouth, to Bell-court near St. Anne's
company of Coach-makers, from whom it takes lane on the eaſt ſide : the remaining part of St.
its preſent name of
Martin's-le-Grand-ſtreet being in the freedom of
the city.
COACH-M AKERS HALL. This liberty was an ecclefiaftical foundation.
It takes its name originally from a Collegiate
This company was incorporated in the year church founded by Ingalricus and his brother Ed-
1677 by the name and ſtyle of “ The maſter, ward, in the year 1056, for a dean and ſecular
wardens, affiſtants, and commonalty, of the canons or prieſts, and dedicated to St. Martin,
company of coach and coach-harneſs makers of with the addition of Le Grand, from the great or
" London.” It is a livery company, and is govern extraordinary privileges of fanctuary, &c. granted
ed by a maſter, three wardens, and twenty-three by divers monarchs thereto.
aſſiſtants. The company, however, cannot be in
The charter granted by William the conqueror,
much better circumſtances than their predeceffors, concerning the ancient privileges of St. Martin's-
the hall being at this time let out as an auction le-Grand, concludes with this remarkable clauſe,
room, and for other very trifling purpoſes.
" that whoſoever ſhall prefume to alter any thing
At the north eaſt corner of Noble-ſtreet is fitu hereby granted, let him periſh with Judas the
ate the church-yard of St. Olave's, Silver-ſtreet ; traitor." "
this church was burnt down in 1666, and the This charter was confirmed by king Henry III.
pariſh was afterwards united to St. Alban's-church who granted the dean of the monaſtery and church
in Wood ſtreet.
more ample privileges. And it was again con-
Barbican is a large ſtreet which comes out of firmed by Edward III, with an additional privi-
the upper end of Alderſgate ſtreet, and runs up lege, that no inhabitant within this juriſdiction
to Redcroſs-ſtreet; on the north ſide of which is
ſhould be ſued out of their own court, except
Bridgewater-ſquare, the ſite where once ſtood a before the king or his chief juſtice.
large houſe fronting Barbican, and the garden of King Henry III, Edward I, and king Henry
the earl of Bridgewater. It is a ſmall and neat VI. confirmed the foregoing charters ; but this
quadrangle, covered with plain, but handſome laſt mentioned king eſtabliſhed certain articles
and convenient houſes, with a graſs plat and gra concerning its fanctuary, in caſes of debt, felony,
vel walks, ſhaded with trees and ſurrounded with and treaſon ; by which articles or regulations it
iron rails.
appears that St. Martin's was at that time a fanc-
Carthuſian-ſtreet takes its name from the Char tuarý for great diſorders, and a ſhelter for the
ter-houſe, which, before the reformation, was a looſeſt fort of people, ſuch as rogues, ruffians,
convent of Cathufian Monks.
chieves, felons, and murderers; and that every ex-
In Little-Britain, anciently called Britain-ftreet, ceſs of vice and irreligion, fraud, oppreſſion, and
was once the city manſion of the duke of Bre breach of the laws, were exerciſed within its
tagne, near to the church of St. Botolph ; but liberty.
this has for ſeveral ages paſt been crazed, and By the charter of king Edward III. it was or-
the ſite alienated to private property.
dained that all inquiſitions to be taken by the juf-
Ar the ſouth eaſt corner of the fame ſtreet, and tices, and other the minifters of the men of thę
near the ſpot where the ſouth part of St. Bartho city of London, ſhould be taken at Great St.
lomew's hoſpital now ſtands, was formerly Peter Martin's in London, and not elſewhere; except
borough-houſe, a palace belonging to the earls of || inquiſitions to be taken in circuits in the Tower
that citle. And almoſt the whole eaſt ſide of Lit of London, and for the jail delivery of Newgate.
tle-Britain was adorned with a ſuperb palace, the But king Henry VIII, in the year 1519, revoked
ancient reſidence of the lord Mountague.
that charter, and removed the ſeſſions of the
Near the north eaſt corner of Little-Britain, in peace from St. Martin's to Guildball.
Alderſgate ſtreet, formerly ſtood an hoſpital, hall,
or priory belonging to the abbey of Cluny in To ſo great a height of licentiouſneſs was this
France; which, among other alien foundations, ſanctuary grown, that in the reign of Henry VII,
being fuppreffed by king Henry V. his majeſty the ſheriffs of London venturing to take from
granted its revenues to the pariſhioners of St. thence by violence a perſon who had taken ſhelter
Botolph, on condition that they ſhould found in there, the abbot of Weſtminſter (to whom the
their church a fraternity or altar dedicated to the deanery, with its ſanctuary and privileges had
$
been
See page
185.

HISTORY and SURVEL of LONDON.
an-
been granted) exhibited a bill to the king againſt Though this place is in a manner in the heart
them, upon which the cauſe was heard in the of the city, it is ſtill in the liberty of Weſtmin-
ſtar-chamber, and the ſheriff ſeverely fined. ſter; and the inhabitants are governed and vote
The church of St. Martin's-le-Grand was accordingly. The courts and alleys are now chiefly
ciently in the donation of the king, as appears by inhabited by Taylors and others who are not free
an inquiſition taken at the Tower in the reign of of the city ; for all foreigners carry on their trades
king Edward II. And in this church there was and profeſſions there without moleftation.
a curfeu bell, at whoſe found all perſons were Aš St. Martin's-le-Grand is a libercy diſtinct
obliged to repair home, or, at leaſt, not to wan from the government of London, and ſubject to
der in the ſtreets.
the deanery of Weſtminſter, it has a court of re-
In the year 1585 a great number of foreign cord kept every Wedneſday, for the trial of all
tradeſmen and artificers planted themſelves on perſonal actions of what nature foever. In this
this ſpot; among whom were John James and court the leading proceſs is a capias againſt the
Anthony Emerick, ſubjects of Philip, king of body, or an attachment againſt the goods; ſo
Spain, and who were ſaid to have been the firſt that a man's goods may be ſeized in his own
fik-twiſters, or filk-throwers, in London, and houſe, upon the firſt proceſs, if he himſelf be not
to have brought that trade into England.
taken.
CHAPTER IV.
ile Of A L D G A TE W A RD.
T
HIS ward takes its name from the eaſt and in Little Bury-ſtreet is an independent meet-
gate of the city, called Aldgate, or ancient- ing. The names of Bevis, Bury, and Heneage,
ly Ealdgate. It is bounded on the eaſt by are derived from a manſion-houſe, which anciently
Portfoken ward ; on the ſouth by Tower-ſtreet ſtood upon, and, with courts and gardens, took
ward ; and on the weſt and north, by the wards up the whole fite of Heneage and Bury-ſtreet,
of Langbourn, Lime-ſtreet and Biſhopſgate. It and belonged to the abbots of Bury in Suffolk :
extends from the place where Aldgate ſtood, to from whence the ſtreet in which it ſtood was
Lime-ſtreet corner in Leadenhall-ftreet, and takes called Buries-marks. And after the diſſolution of
in all the ſtreets and lanes on the one hand to Be the abbey of Bury, this manſion being granted to
vis Marks and Shoemaker-row; and on the other Sir Thomas Heneage, it was pulled down, and
to Ironmongers-hall in Fenchurch-ſtreet.
two ſtreets were built upon the ſite thereof,
The principal ſtreets which this ward contains called Bury-ſtreet and Heneage-ſtreet.
are, High-ſtreet, Leadenhall-ftreet, as far as Cloſe to the ſpot where Aldgate ſtood, on the
Lime-ſtreet: Fenchurch-ſtreet, as far as Filh ſouth fide of High-ſtreet, runs poor Jerwy-lane,
monger’s-alley incluſive: Poor Jewry-lane and on the eaſt ſide whereof the old houſes have been
Crutched-friars, as far as Seething-lane: Shoe- || lately pulled down, and handſome ones built in
maker-row and Bevis Marks, to Camomile-ſtreet: their ſtead ; in which alſo is a preſbyterian meet-
St. Mary Axe and Lime-ſtreet, as far as Cullum ing-heufe. And at the north weſt corner of
ſtreet. The ward is governed by an alderman, Crutched-friars * is a large pile of warehouſes
ſix common council-men, fix conſtables, twenty built by the Eaſt India company, which open
inqueſt men, feven ſcavengers, and a beadle. a way quite from Crutched-friars to Fenchurch-
Aldgate High-ſtreet, which is the principal, || ſtreet ; oppoſite to which is a fine fpacious ſtreet
begins where Aldgate formerly ſtood, and reaches with new buildings, that leads into the Minories,
weſtward as far as the ſtone pump between Leaden- | Adjoining to this new ſtreet is Gold-ſquare and
hall-ftreet and Fenchurch-ſtreet ; from whence, Woodroof-lane, which leads to Tower-hill.
cloſe to the North-eaſt corner, branches out Shoe On the weſt ſide of Shoemaker-row is the fy-
maker-row, and thence, more to the north, runs nagogue of the Dutch Jews, as they are com-
Bevis marks; near the ſouth-eaſt corner, between monly called, with whom the Jews from all the
Heneage-lane and Bury-ſtreet, ftands the Portu northern parts communicate, who are a diſtinct
gueſe Jews fynagogue, an handſome, large and feet from the Portugueſe, Spaniſh, Italian, &c.
commodious brick building, which is ſupported This fynagogue has been lately enlarged by an
and frequented only by the fect of the Phariſees ; addition of building in brick, which has ap-
* This ſtreet took its name from a monaſtery of the Holy
Croſs, at the ſouth-eaſt corner of Hart-ſtreet, near Tower-
hill. This monaſtery was founded about the year 1298, and
continued till the ſuppreſſion of the other religious houſes,
In the reign of Henry VIII. a prior of this houſe being
found in bed with a whore in the day-time, by the viſitors
appointed by the lord Cromwell, he diſtributed thirty
pounds among them, and promiſed them as much more ; an
account of which being ſent by the viſitors to Cromwell,
theſe ſcandalous crimes haftened the diffolution of monafte.
ries. The ruins of this religious houſe have been entirely
erazed for a confiderable time paft, and nothing of it re-
mains but the name, which is given to the ſtreet, that is
more commonly called Crutched-friars than Hart ſtreet.
In the place where the monaſtery ſtood is now. erected the
Navy-office, and many other handſome buildings.
proached

452
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
counts.
courts.
proached fo near to the church of St. James's, reſt, as a precaution againſt accidents by fire,
Duke’s-place, that the congregation may be heard the papers here being of the utmoſt importance ;
from each other.
and in the other buildings ſome of the commil-
The ward of Aldgate terminates at about two fioners and other oficers reſide.
thirds on the eaſt ſide of Woodroff-lane: and on The treaſurer of the navy is an officer of great
the weſt it takes in both that and River-ſtreet, trutt, as he receives and pays all ſums for the uſe
Colcheſter-ſtreet, and Draper's-Alley ; in the of the navy: his ſalary is 2000l. per annum, and
latter of which are fourteen houſes called
8ool. for his inſtruments.
Here are likewiſe ſeven commiſſioners, who
MILBOURN'S ALMSHOUSES.
have their different departments in the manage-
ment of the buſineſs of the office, and a falary of
Theſe were founded and left in cruſt to the 500l. per annum each.
Draper's company, by Sir John Milbourn, Lord One is comptroller of the navy : he attends
mayor of London, for thirteen poor houſeholders, and comptrols all payments of wages; is obliged
either married or unmarried, free of the Draper's to know the market price of all ſtores belonging
company, old men and their wives, with an ap to ſhipping, and to examine and audit all the irea-
pointment of ſeven-pence per week each: and in ſurers, victuallers, and ſtore keepers accounts.
caſe there ſhould not be found ſo many poor houſ Two others are joint-furveyors of the navy;
holders in the Draper's company, as would re and their buſineſs is to know the ſtate of all ſtores,
ceive the ſaid alms, then there ſhould be named, and to ſee the wants fupplied; to ſurvey the hulls,
to ſupply the ſame number of alme-men, other mafts and yards, and to eſtimate the value of
houſholders of the pariſh of St. Edmund, in repairs by indenture, to charge all boatſwains and
Lombard-ſtreet, and St. Bartholomew the Listle, Carpenters of the navy with what ſtores they have
to receive the ſaid alms. It was likewiſe directed" || received; and at the end of each voyage to ſtate
and provided by the ſaid founder, that theſe poor
and audit their accounts.
people to be elected ſhould be of ſober and how The fourth is clerk of the acts. Ic is his office
neſt converſation, and not detected of any open to record all orders, contracts, bills, warrants,
crime ; and that after their admiſſion they ſhould and other buſineſs tranſacted by the principal offi-
be reſident and abiding upon the ſame, and not cers and commiſſioners of the navy.
to keep any common ſelling of ale, beer or wine, The fifth is comptroller of the treaſurers ac-
or any thing concerning tippling, or any petty
oiſtrey; with an obligation alſo that the faid The fixth is comptroller of the victualling ac-
alms men ſhould daily come into the church of
che Croſſed Friars, place themſelves near the And the ſeventh is comptroller of the ſtore-
founder's tomb, and abide and continue there keeper's accounts.
till ſervice was ended. Over the gate of theſe There are alſo three extra commiſſioners, who
houſes, towards the ftreet is the figure of the al have 500l. per annum, and sol, each for houſe
fumption of the Virgin Mary, ſupported by fix
angels in a cloud of glory, with this inſcription : Beſides thefe there are alſo a commiſſioner re-
“ Ad laudem dei et gloriofæ virginis Maria, hoc ſiding at Gibraltar, who has 1000l. a year, and
opus erexit donus Johannes Milbourn, miles et ſeveral officers who have confiderable under him.
ss elderman hujus civitatis; A. D. 1535." In A commiſſioner reſident at Chatham yard, ac
Engliſh thus : * To the praiſe of God, and the Portſmouth yard, and at Plymouth yard, who
glory of the Virgin, this edifice was erected have 500l. a year; but Deptford and Woolwich
* by John Milbourn, mayor of this city, in the yards are under the immediate inſpection of the
year 1535." The appointniene for the poor of navy board; as Sheerneſs yard is under the in-
theſe houſes was augmented by Sir Richard Cham ſpection of the commiſſioner at Chatham. The
pion, with the addition of nineteen pounds four principal of theſe officers hold their places by pas
teen ſhillings per annum more. And the Dra tent under the great feal.
pers company have not only increaſed the num On the north fide from Aldgate formerly ſtood
ber of penſioners to fifteen, but have doubled the priory of Holy Trinity, founded by queen
their penſions, with a load of coals, and twenty Maud, wife to king Henry I. in the year 1108, for
or more fhillings annually, out of the money canons regular of the order of St. Auguſtin, with
left to be diſtributed by that company at difcre great endowments; amongſt which the faid king
tion.
granted the port of Aldgate, and the ſake there-
At the extremity of this ward, in Crutched unto belonging, &c. And, in order to eſtabliſh
friars, is ſituate
this foundation, the four pariſhes of St. Mary
Magdalen, St. Michael, St. Catherine, and the
The N A V Y OFFICE. Bleſſed Trinity, were united in the one pariſli of
the priory of the Holy Trinity called Chriſt-
Here all affairs relating to the royal navy are
church.
managed by the commiſſioners under the lords of This priory was built on a piece of ground
the admiralty. Though the plainneſs of the building | upwards of three hundred feet long, in the pa-
gives us no idea of its importance, yet it muſt be riſh of St. Catharine, near a parochial chapel
allowed the merit of being very convenient. The dedicated to St. Michael, which ſtood where
office where the commiſſioners meet, and the are now the row of houſes by the pump, be-
clerks keep their books, is detached from the tween Leadenhall-ſtreet and Fenchurch-ſtreet.
The
rent.
6

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
453
The priory was diſſolved by Henry VIII. in the This church is a curacy, the patronage of
year 1531; after which his majeſty gave the houſe, which being in the Lord-mayor and commonalty
church and fite thereof to Sir Thomas Audley, || of London, the pariſh claims a right of exemp-
who fold the bells, four to the pariſh of Stepney tion from the biſhop of London's juriſdiction, in
(where they now are) and five to the pariſhioners matters ecclefiaftical. The incumbent receives
of Coleman ſtreet. The church was pulled down, about 6ol. a year by tiches, and 131. a year from
and the priory converted into a noble manſion, in the chainber of London.
which Sir Thomas reſided when he was lord At the ſouth eaſt corner of St. Mary-ax, and
chancellor, and when he died in the year 1544. at the weſt extremity of this ward, on the north
His only daughter being married to Thomas duke ſide of Leadenhall.ſtreet, is the parochial church
of Norfolk, the eſtate deſcended to his grace,
of
and was from that time called and known by the
name of Duke's place, which it retains to this St. ANDREW UNDERSHAFT.
day. The duke of Norfolk, however, loſing his
head on Tower-hill, this manſion deſcended to This church was originally founded in the year
Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk, eldeſt ſon to 1362, and obtained the name of Underſhalft from
the ſaid duke, by Audley's daughter ; who by in a maypole, which was annually raiſed in the ſtreet
denture of bargain and ſale, dated the 21ſt. July near it on May-day, and which was called a ſhaft.
34 Eliz. fold the ſame to the mayor, commonalty,
The ancient church fell to decay, and the pa-
and citizens of London, to have and to hold to riſhioners began to build the preſent church in or
them and their ſucceſſors, in as large and ample a
ſoon after the year 1520.
The whole north-fide
manner as the ſaid earl, or lord Audley, or the of the great iniddle inle, both of the body and
king, or the prior and convent, or their prede- || choir, was built by Stephen Jennings, merchant-
ceffors at any time before the diffolution of the taylor, and ſome time Lord-mayor of London;
ſaid priory, or any other time, had, uſed, or en as appears by his arms carved over every pillar: as
joyed the ſame, by virtue of any grant, privi was the north iſle alſo, which he roofed with tim-
lege, preſcription, law, cuſtom, or any other ber and ceiled: alſo the whole fouth ſide of the
ways or nieans whatſoever.
church was glazed, and the pews in the ſouth
Some time before the priory of Holy Trinity chapel were made at his expence. This generous
was diffolved, the inhabitants within its bounda benefactor to the pariſh died in 1524, and the
ries, who had been deprived of their pariſh work went on fo heavily after his deceaſe; that it
churches, to make way for that religious foundation,
was not finiihed till the year 1532.
finding it very inconvenient to be confined to the This church is a plain gochic ſtructure, with a
conventual church, pecitioned and obtained leave, well enlightened body, and a ſquare tower ter-
under certain conditions and reſtrictions, to build minated by battlements, with pinnacles at the
a chapel in the church yard of the ſaid priory, for corners, within which riſes a turret that contains
their own conveniency, which eſcaping the fate the bell. It is a rectory in the patronage of the
of the religious houſes at the diffolution of the || biſhop of London: and the incumbent receives
priory, became the only place, after the conven 120l. per annum by tithes.
tual church was pulled down, for the inhabitants At the north eaſt corner of St. Mary ax ſtreet
within that diſtrict to repair to for divine ſervice. ſtands
This, however, in time, creating ſome diſlike,
the inhabitants of Duke's-place were deſirous to FLE TCHERS H A L L.
raiſe a ſufficient pariſh church for themſelves, on
the ground within their own precinct ; to effect This is a ſmall, neat, convenient building,
which they applied to the archbiſhop of Canter and belongs to the company of Fletchers or arrow
bury for his affiſtance ; who having obtained the makers, from the french word féche, an arrow.
king's warrant, under the broad ſeal, for pro Though arrows have been near three centuries out
ceeding in their pious intention, prevailed with of uſe in England, and notwithſtanding this is a
the lord-mayor, the court of aldermen, and com company only by preſcription and not by charter,
mon-council, to build them a church of the they have nevertheleſs obtained a coat of arins
ſtones of the conventual church, which ſtill re and a livery: they are the thirty-ninth company
mained on the premiſes. And the ſame was com in the city, and feem in all reſpects as firmly eſta-
pleated, conſecrated, and dedicated to St. James, bliſhed as thoſe incorporated by letters patent.
on the ſecond of January 1622, and is now called This fraternity which entirely conſiſts of people of
other trades, is under the government of two
St. JAMES's, DUKE's Place, wardens, ten aſſiſtants, and the liverymen.
On the north fide of Leadenhall-ſtreet, formerly
This pariſh is a precinct within itſelf, diftinét ſtood the church of St. Mary-ax. "It was origi-
from the ward of Aldgate, under a miniſter, two nally dedicated not only to the Virgin Mary, but
church-wardens, an overſeer, two conftables, two to St. Urſula, and her eleven thouſand virgins ;
headboroughs, a ſcavenger, and fifteen jurymen. but it was commonly called St. Mary at the Ax,
The church having eſcaped the dreadful fire in from the ſign of the ax which hung over againft
1666, ſtill remains in its orignal form. The bo the eaſt end of the church; and ſometimes it was
dy is well enlightened, and the Tower, which is named St. Mary Papillar, from a plot of ground
compoſed of four ſtages, is terminated by a belonging to the Skinners company, that lay on
very ſingular kind of turret in the form of a ca the north ſide of it. But this pariſh being, about
nopy.
the year 1565, united to the parish church of Sr.
Andrew
a
38
5 Y

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Andrew Underſhaft, St. Mary at the Ax, was let poor of the company of Ironmongers and the ſea
out as a warehouſe to a merchant, and for mecha veral charity ſchools within the bills of morta-
nical uſes; but the ſtreer, however, in which this lity.
edifice ſtood, ſtill retains its namie.
At the corner of Magpye-alley, behind the
From the time of the union of theſe pariſhes, houſes that front Fenchurch-ſtreet, ſtands the pa-
the biſhop of London, for the time being, has riſh church of the
Dedah
ſucceſſively, as the ſaid church of St. Andrew has
happened to be void, collated to it with the ST. CATHARINE COLEMAN.
church of St. Mary-ax thereunto annexed. Be-
fides, queen Elizabeth, at the time ſhe granted This church is ſo denominated from its dedie
the patronage of St. Mary-ax to the biſhop of cation to St. Catharine, a virgin of Alexandria,
London, alſo granted the church-yard for bury and celebrated for her great knowledge in philo-
ing the dead, and all the houſes, buildings, rents, phy, and as being a martyr for the chriſtian faith.
&c. Belonging to the ſaid church of St. Mary, It received the addition of Coleman from a great
to the rector and churchwardens of the ſaid pariſh || yard or garden, called at that time Coleman-haw,
of St. Andrew and their fucceffors for ever, to in the pariſh of the Trinity, afterwards Chrift-
the uſe, ſuſtaining, and reparation of the ſaid church. It is a rectory of ancient foundation,
church of St. Andrew.
even fo far back as the year 1346. The old church
Near the extremity of this ward, on the north was ſubſtantially repaired, and a ſouth iſe added in
fide of Fenchurch-ftreet, is a very noble, modern 1489, by Sir William White, Lord-mayor of Lon,
building, erected in the year 1748, by the Iron don; which church eſcaped the fire of London in
mongers, for tranſacting their affairs as a body | 1666, and, with the aſſiſtance of ſeveral other
corporate, and from that company called
repairs, frood, but was much buried by the rail-
ing of the ſtreet, till the year 1734, when it was
IRONMONGERS HALL. pulled down, and the preſent church was erected
at the expence of the pariſh, under the fanction
This edifice is entirely fronted with ſtone, and of an act of parliament 12 Geo. II. whereby, and
the whole lower ſtory is wrought in ruftic. The by another act paſſed for the fame purpoſe, the
cenrer part of the building projects a little; and pariſhioners were enabled to raiſe money by an-
in this are a large arched entrance, and two win nuities at the rate of eight pounds per cent per
dows, with two others on each ſide. Over this annum, and to rate the inhabitants to pay the ſaid
ruſtic ſtory riſes the ſuper-ſtructure, which has a annuities.
light ruftic at the corners, to keep up a correſpon This church was originally in the patronage of
dence with the reſt of the building: the part the dean of St. Martin's-le-Grand, London, and
which projects is ornamented with four Ionic pi. ſo continued till that religious houſe with its ap-
laſters coupled, but with a large columniation. purtenances, was annexed to the abbey of Weſt-
In the middle is a very noble venetian window, minſter: at whoſe diffolution it fell to the crown,
and over it a circular one. In each ſpace between and the advowſon was given by queen Mary, on
the pilaſters, is a ſmaller window, with an angu the third of March, in the firſt year of her reign,
lar pediment; and over theſe are alſo circular to the biſhop of London and his fucceffors in that
ones ; but the ſide parts have arched windows fee for ever. The preſent church has a lofty body,
with ſquare ones over them. The central part well lightened with two rows of windows, The
is crowned with a pediment ſupported by theſe || ſteeple is a plain tower, crowned with battlements;
pilaſters, and in its plain is the arms of the com and the floor is raiſed ſo much above the ſurface
pany with handſome decorations in relievo. The of the ſtreet, that you aſcend by ſeveral ſteps in-
reſt of the building is terminated by a baluſtrade to the church from the church-yard ; by which
crowned with vaſes.
means there is little reaſon to expeết this edifice
The Ironmongers company was incorporated will ever fall under the like diſadvantage with the
by charter from king Edward IV. in the year former.
1464, and is the tenth of the twelve principal In this pariſh is a ſelect veftry, which conſiſts
companies in this city. It was incorporated by of thoſe who have ſerved the office of church-
the name and ſtyle of “ The maſter and keepers warden. The officers are two churchwardens,
or wardens and commonalty of the art or myſte who are likewiſe collectors for the poor.
ry of Ironmongers of London”. And, by virtue Adjoining to the ſouth-fide of this church-yard
of the ſaid charter, the government of this fra is a Jews fynnagogue, fupported by the congre-
ternity is now in a maſter, two wardens, and a gation of Portugueſe Jews. And cloſe to the
court of affiftants, which conſiſts of the whole eaſt ſide ſtands a large pile of brick buildings
livery, and repreſent the commonalty or whole erected by the Eaſt India company for ware-
freedom. This company enjoys very great eſtates
houſes; with convenience for carts and waggons
both in their own right and in truft from ſeveral to load and unload within, and to paſs through
donors, by whoſe will they pay yearly near 1800l. from Fenchurch-ftreet into Crutched Friars.
in charities ; beſides the intereſt or profits of Oppoſite St. Catherine Coleman's church is
26oool. left to them by Mr. Thomas Betton, a the new ftreet called Fenchurch-buildings, a
Turkey merchant, in the year 1724, under the paved court, well built, and genteelly inhabited ;
fpecial truſt of employing one moiety of the ſaid the north end of which aſcends by a narrow paf-
profits perpetually in the redemption of Britiſh fage into Sugar-loaf court.
captives from Mooriſh Navery; and the other More to the eaſt is Northumberland-alley, fo
moiety to be equally diſtributed between the called from the manſion-houſe of Henry Piercy,
$
earl

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
455
earl of Northumberland, in the 33d. of Henry Chriſt or Cree, to be ſupplied by one of the ca-
VI. This noble manſion ſoon after fell ſo greatly to nons, and removeable at the pleaſure of the prior.
decay that it became the common rendezvous for This church was ſo buried, by the frequent raiſ-
all forts of diffolute people. The ſite of it, howa ing of the pavement in the high-ſtreet, (now calle
ever, is at preſent covered with very mean build ed Leadenhall-ſtreet) that they were obliged to
ings, inhabited by induſtrious and labouring peo deſcend into it by ſeven ſteps, and otherwiſe ap-
ple.
peared very old and much decayed, except the
About thirty yards from Mark-lane is a new bell-tower or ſteeple, which had been rebuilt, at
built ſtreet, called London ítreet ; ſo called from the
of Sir John Percival, in the year
its being built upon that ſpot of ground where 1504.2 11
the London tavern, and the firſt houſe of that The preſent edifice was erected in the year
kind, formerly ſtood.
1630: it is built with ſtone, and of a mixed Go-
At the fouth eaſt angle of Cree-church-lane, thic ſtyle. It has rounded battlements on the tops
in Leadenhall ſtreet, ftands the church of
and a ſquare tower that has the ſame kind of
battlements : this tower is crowned with a ſquare
St. CATHERINE-CREE.
curret, over which is a dome, and from its fum-
mit riſes the weather-cock.
So called from its being dedicated to St. Ca When this church was built, they took in a
therine, an Egyptian virgin ; and diſtinguiſhed cloiſter, which ſtood on the back-fide of the old
from other churches of the name, by the addi church, of more than ſeven feet in breadth: and
tion of Cree or Chriſt, from its vicinity to the at the weſt-end of this new church, on the ſouth-
conventual church of the Holy Trinity, which ſide, ſtands a pillar of the old church, as it ſtood,
was originally called Chriſt's church.
and was there erected; which pillar being eighteen
King Henry VIII. in his grant of the priory of feec high from the baſis or foot to the chapiter or
Holy Trinity to Sir Thomas Audley, afterwards head, upon which the old arch was raiſed, and
lord Audley, gave this church alſo to Sir Thomas; not above two feet appearing now above the floor
the prior and canons of Chriſt-church having been of the preſent church; fhews that the floor is raiſ-
originally and always patrons thereof. By the ed fifteen feet above that of the old.
will of lord Audley, dated April-nineteen, 1544; This pariſh church being a donacive, pays
this church fell to the maſter and fellows of Mag neither firſt fruits: nor tenths. It is a curacy,
dalen.college, in Cambridge, and their ſucceſſors, and the pariſhioners have the privilege of chuſing
whom he enjoined to ſerve the cure for ever; who their own miniſters, who muſt be licenced by the
leaſed out the impropriation to the pariſhioners biſhop of London. Here is a ſelect veftry, con-
for ninety years : but a diſpute ariſing between liſting of the church-wardens, and thoſe who have
the college and the pariſh, at the expiration of ferved or fined for that office : the officers are two
the faid leaſe, in 1725, about a renewal, a leaſe church wardens, four overſeers, and two fideſ
was granted to Jerome Knapp, haberdaſher of
London; and, in order to ſettle the difference, Nearly oppoſite to this, but behind houſes, on
it was agreed, that one hundred and fifty pounds che ſouth ſide of the High-ſtreet, ftands
per annum, ſhould be raiſed by the pariſhioners,
in lieu of tythes, &c. out of which the officiating BRICK L A Y ERS HAL L.
curate ſhould be paid fifty pounds per annun,
for the firſt ten years, beſides ſurplus fees, &c. This is a handſome and convenient building,
and after the expiration of that term of years, adapted for tranſacting the affairs of the company
ſeventy pounds per annum, beſides ſurplus fees; of tylers and bricklayers, who were incorporated
and this agreement was, in May 1727, confirmed in the tenth of Elizabeth, on the third of Auguſt
by act of parliament.
1568, by the ſtyle and title of " The maſter and
The antiquity of this church may be collected keeper and wardens of the Society of the free-
from its priority, to the conventual church of men of the myſtery or art of tylers and brick-
Holy Trinity, Chrift-church, in which founda layers of London.” It is a livery company and
tion St. Catherine's, St. Michael's, St. Mary Mag. governed by a maſter, two wardens and a court of
dalen's, and the Bleſſed Trinity, were ſwallow affiftants.
This being the laſt material building, we ſhall
Within the church-yard of the ſaid priory, leave the ward of Aldgate, and proceed to the
another church was founded with the addition of next chapter.
mench warden, four ove
ed up
CH A P
Orthomologougestata
1

456
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
festirferono 16 gosta
a la scoa TIY
vishnui
sa online datud vous
(189
och bred
CH A P T E R V.
Of BASSISH AW and BILLINGSGATE Wards.net
ad jo bom
T
THE ward of Baffiſhaw is very fmall, con errelMA SONS HA L L.
fiſting only of one ftreet, which is called
Baſinghall-ftreet, and derives its name A ſmall building, but very convenient; it is
from Baſinghall, the manſion-houſe of the re nade of ſtone, and bounded on the ſouth by
nowned family of Baſings, which was the prin Coleman-ftreet church-yard. This company was
cipal houſe in it, and ſituate where Blackwell incorporated about the year 1410, by the name
hall now ftands.
and ſtyle of “ The Free Maſons;" a fraternity
This ward is bounded on the eaſt and ſouth by which have been honoured by many of the gen-
Coleman-ſtreet ward; on the north by Cripple- | try and nobility, and even by ſeveral kings, who
gate ward; and on the weſt by Cheap and Cripple have been members of their fociety. William
gate wards. It begins in the ſouth by Black Hanckſtow, clarencieux king at arms, in the
well-hall, and runs northward to the ſpot where year 1477, granted them the arms of their ſocie-
London-wall ſtood. It is governed by an alder ty, as borne at this time: but the prefent com-
man, four common-council men, one of whom pany act under the incorporation granted by the
is the alderman's deputy ; three conftables ; ſe letters patent of the 29th of Charles II. on the
venteen inqueſt men; three ſcavengers, and a feventeenth of September 1677, by the name of
beadle.
" Thc maſter, wardens, affiſtants and common-
Baſinghall-ftreet, of which this little ward con “ alty of the company of Maſons of the city of)
fifts, is of no great uniformity, as not running " London.” Under which title they enjoy the
ftraight, and of an equal breadth ; but it is graced privilege of the livery, and are governed by a
with good buildings, and well inhabited by mer maſter and two wardens, who are choſen annu-
chants. Near the center of this ſtreet, on the ally, as in all other companies; and a court of
weſt-fide, is the parochial church of
affiftants, who are choſen for life, except guilty
of ſome capital offence.
St. MICHAEL BASSISHA W, From this hall we proceed to another in the
di s Doced
ſame ſtreet, called
So denominated from its dedication to St. Mi-
chael the archangel, and its ſituation near Ba 10 W E A V E R S H A L L.
finghaw or hall. It is a rectory of very ancient
foundation, dedicated to the ſame ſaint, - in It is handſomely built, and neatly adorned on
or about the year 1140, at which time, and till the inſide with hangings, fret work, and a crown
the year 1327, it was in the gift of the prior and of the Ionic order.
canons of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield ; tho' From the origin of this company we have rea-
the regiſter of London gives no name of its rec ſon to imagine it was the firſt incorporated ſociety
tor before Ralph de Waltham, who died in the in the city of London. Anciently the weavers
year 1327, at which time the preſentation was in were named Thelarii; and in the reign of king
Henry Bodyke, citizen of London ; but about Henry I. they paid fixteen pounds to the crown
a century after, it fell to the dean and chapter of for their immunities, and eighteen marks an-
St. Paul's, who, from that time to this, have nually. King John, in the year 1200, disfran-
continued patrons thereof.
chiſed them, at the inſtance of the mayor and ci-
The old church, which was very beautiful, tizens of London. for which favour the citizens
was entirely deſtroyed by the fire of London in paid the king twenty marks per annum. This
1666'; ten years after which, the preſent ſtruc- || difference between the citizens and weavers, in
ture was begun, and finiſhed in 1679. The walls all probability, aroſe from ſome bad practices of
of this building are ſtrengthened with ruſtic work the latter, who, by virtue of a power granted by
at the corners, and the body is well enlightened || king Henry II. in the thirty-firſt year of his reign,
by a ſingle ſeries of large windows. At the eaſt were put under the inſpection of the portgreve, or
end, where the top is terminated by an arch, the chief magiſtrate of London; for, amongſt other
light is given by three windows; one of them articles, the king ordained, “ if any man made
tail and upright, the two others circular : the cloth of Spaniſh wool mixed with Engliſh wool,
ſteeple is a tower, crowned with a turret, from the portgreve, or chief magiſtrate of London,
which riſes a kind of ſpire. The veftry is ge-
ought to burn it.
neral, and the parochial officers, are too church In the ſeventh of Henry IV. this company
wardens and two overſeers.
which originally conſiſted of tapeſtry and cloth-
On the South-eaſt angle of Maſon's-alley, on weavers, were reinſtated with their freedom, and
the eaſt-lide of Baſinghall-ftreet, is ſituate by act of parliament put under the management
and
WEAVERS HA

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
457
weavers.
and authority of the Lord-mayor and aldermen crown, and was ſold, with its gardens and ap-
of the city; but its preſent ſtate is very different, purtenances, by king Richard II. to the city of
conſiſting chiefly of worſted, cotton, and filk London for fifty pounds ; and has, from that
time, been called Blackwell hall, and employed
This fraternity is governed by two officers call as a weekly market for all broad and narrow
ed bailiffs, two wardens, and a court of affiftants. woolen cloths brought out of the country.
It is privileged with the livery, and is the forty This hall, which was rebuilt in 1558, was de-
ſecond company.
ſtroyed by the fire in 1666, and the preſent
To the north of this ſtands
ſtruciure was erected in 1672. It is a ſquare build-
ing with a court in the middle, ſurrounded with
GIRDLERS H A L L. warehouſes, and has two ſpacious entrances or
gates for carriages; one from Baſinghall-ſtreet,
A handſome and convenient building, finiſhed the other fron Guildhall-yard, where is the prin-
in 1681, well wainſcotted within, and adorned cipal front, and a door-cafe, adorned with two
with a ſcreen of the composte order for tranſ columns of the Doric order, with their entabla-
acting the affairs of the company, which is li ture and a pediment, in which are the king's
very company, and the twenty-third on the liſt. arms, and the city arms a little lower, enriched
It was incorporated in the twenty-ſeventh of with cupids.
Henry VI. on the ſixth of Auguſt 1449 ; and Theſe buildings have likewiſe an entrance on
re-incorporated with the Pinners and Wire-draw the weſt ſide from Cateaton-freet ; and within
ers by queen Elizabeth on the twelfth of Octo them are divers apartments or warehouſes, called
ber 1568, by the name of " The maſter and the Devonſhire, the Glouceſterſhire, the Worceſ-
wardens or keepers of the art or myſtery of the terſhire, the Kentiſh, the Medley, the Spaniſh,
Girdlers of London.” It is governed by a maſ. and the blanket halls ; in which cach piece of
ter, three wardens, and a court of affiftants. cloth pays one penny for pitching, and a half-
Between the church-yard of St. Michael Baſ penny per week reſting; by which means it is
fiſhaw and Guildhall paſſage ſtands
ſaid, there ariſes a revenue of eleven hundred
pounds. per annum ; which, by the generoſity
COOPER S H A L L.
of the citizens, is applied towards the ſupport of
Chriſt's Hoſpital; the governors whereof have
This a is ſtately edifice, and well built of brick. the fole management of theſe warehouſes.
The hall is a handſome room, paved with mar This market may be ſaid to be the greateſt
ble and wainſcotted, about fourteen feet high. woolen cloth market in the world, and therefore
The company was incorporated in 1501, by king it has always been the particular care of the city
Henry VII. under the title of " The maſter, of London to keep it under the moſt eſtabliſhed
wardens, and aſliftants of the company of coopers | regulations and orders: for, fo early as the 21ſt
of London and ſuburbs thereof;" and in the of Richard II. it was ordained, that no manner
ſucceeding reign was impowered to ſearch and of perſon ſhould fell any woolen · cloths, except
gauge all beer, ale, and ſoap veffels within the they were firſt brought, harboured, and diſcharge
city of London, and two miles round its ſuburbs, ed at the common market of Blackwell-hall, up-
for which they were allowed a farthing for each on pain of forfeiture thereof. And that ordinance
caſk. They are governed by a maſter, three was confirmed by an act of common-council, held
wardens, and a court of aſſiſtants; and their li on the firſt of Auguſt, 8 Henry VIII, with this ad-
very are very numerous.
dition, that no manner of perſon, being freeman of
On the ſouth ſide of Baſinghall-ſtreet is fitu this city, ſuffer any manner of perſon whatſoever,
be he free or foreign, to buy or ſell any manner
of woolen cloths, harboured, or lodged, contrary
B L A C K W E L L H A L L. to the ſaid ordinance, within his ſhop, chamber,
or other place within his houſe, unleſs the faid
This is a very ancient edifice, and has been cloths were firſt brought to Blackwell-hall, and
uſed for ſeveral ages paſt as a market for all broad chere bought and ſold; under the penalty of fix
and narrow woolen cloth brought to London. ſhillings and eight-pence for every broad cloth ;
It was originally called Baſings-haw or hall, from three ſhillings and four-pence for every Kerſey;
the family of the Baſings, who built the houſe, and twenty-pence for every Deſſein of Bridge-
and gave name alſo to the ward. In proceſs of water and other pieces of cloth. Double for a
time this houſe deſcended to Mr. Thomas Bake ſecond offence; and disfranchiſement for a
well in the 36th of Edward III. and from him third.
called Bakewell-hall. It afterwards fell to the
ate
VE Bonitas kino Dic
sto: bes nisis Dato
aerensioni anlat: te
valined to a ne 912 Lii
Octanete
5 000 ini
39
52
Of

458
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Of BILLINGSGA TE WAR D.
F
lane;
1.
ROM whence this ward took its name,
is not quite certain. Some authors have
St. MARY at HILL:
deduced it from king Ballinus; but the
moſt probable opinion refers us to ſome eminent This church is ſo called, from its being dedi-
perſon, who, in ar cient times, had large poſſeſ cated to the Virgin Mary, and its ſituation on an
fions in this part of the city, or held this ward | eminence. With reſpect to the original founda-
by the ſame tenure as the Baſings, &c. held other tion, we have no certain date ; but, if we may
wards. It is ſituated on the river ſide, and is be permitted to conjecture, from its being fo
bounded on the ſouth by the Thames; on the much decayed in the year 1497, as to require
eaſt by Tower-ftreet ward ; and on the weſt by rebuilding, it muſt be allowed to have ſtood above
the ward of Bridge Within. It extends from the two hundred years at leaſt before that time. Be-
weſt end of Tower-ſtreet ward, about to Smart's ſides, we can account for one hundred and fixty
key in Thames-itreet, from whence it runs, on years: for Roſe de Wrytel founded a chantry in
the ſouth ſide of Thames-ſtreet, to St. Magnus the church of St. Mary at Hill, in the year 1330,
church, at the foot of London-bridge ; and from and Richard de Hackney, citizen of London,
Smart's-key, it runs up almoſt to Fenchurch preſented Nigellus Dalleye to this living, in the
ftreet, in a direct line, and then weftward, within
year 1337
a few houſes of Gracechurch.
It is remarkable, that, in digging the founda-
This ward is divided into twelve precincts, viz. tion of the new church, in 1497, the corpſe of
St. Mary Hill, Smart’s-key, Billingſgate, Love Alice Hackney, who died about the year 1322,
the three precincts of St. Botolph Billingſ was diſcovered in a very rotten coffin; and that
gate; two precincts of St. Andrew Hubbard ; the ſkin was found and flexible, and the joints
St. George, Botolph-lane, Pudding-lane, and pliable, though buried about one hundred and
Rood-lane. It is governed by an alderman, ten ſeventy-five years. The body was kept above
common-council men, (one of whom is the al ground three or four days, without any noiſome
derman's deputy) eleven conftables, fourteen in ſmell, but then beginning to be tainted, was
queſt men, fix ſcavengers and a beadle.
again laid in the ground.
Thames-ſtreet is a place of very conſiderable Though this church was not entirely deſtroyed
trade, on account of its convenient ſituation near by the dreadful conflagration in 1666, every
the river, the Cuſtom-houſe, Billingſgate, and thing combuſtible in it was conſumed: it was,
the ſeveral wharfs and keys for lading and un however, ſoon after repaired, and the pariſh of
lading merchants goods, &c. and is well adapted || St. Andrew Hubbard annexed to it. It is a well-
for that purpoſe. The keys, wharfs, and docks, || proportioned Gothic ſtructure, conſiſting of a
which are aſſigned by act of parliament, for ſhip- || plain body, enlightened by large windows, and a
ping, lading, and landing of goods and merchan tower crowned by a handſome turret. The veftry,
dizes, are as follow: Brewer's-key, Cheſter’s-key, which is ſelect, conſiſts of nineteen members,
Galley-key, Wooldock, Cuſtom-houſe-key, Por and the officers are two church-wardens, and two
ter’s-key, Bear's-key, Sab’s-key, Wiggan’s-key, ſideſmen.
Young's-key, Rafe’s-key, Dice-key, Smart's-key, The advowſon appears to have been in private
Somer's-key, Lion's-key, Botolph’s-key, Ha- hands, till about the year 1638, when it was
mon’s-key, Gaunt’s-key, Cock’s-key, Freſh-wharf, || purchaſed by the pariſh; but ſince the pariſh of
and Billingſgate : the latter of which is not fo St. Andrew Hubbard was united to it, the duke
remarkable for loading and landing of goods and of Somerſet, who is patron thereof, preſents in
merchandize, as it is for being the greateſt market his turn. The rector receives two hundred pounds
for fiſh in England, and the only port for fiſh in a year in lieu of tythes.
London. It is a large water-gate or key, or port In this church is founded a divinity-lecture,
for ſmall veſſels, laden with fiſh of all ſorts, to be preached every Thurſday morning, en-
oranges, lemons, Spaniſh onions, and other com dowed with forty pounds per annum, by Sir John
Loman.
boats and wherries to take in their fare, from
whence they are (under a penalty) to depart at day, according to ancient cuſtom, the fraternity
the ringing of a bell, erected near the ſtairs for of fellowſhip porters of the city of London, re-
that purpoſe, which rings a quarter of an hour, || pair to this church in the morning, where, dur-
to give notice of the time of high-water at Lon ing the reading of prayers, they reverently ap-
don-bridge, and the time of ebb. On the wharf proach the altar, two and two; on the rails of
is the common exchange every day at noon, for which are placed two baſons, into theſe they put
maſters of colliers, and dealers in coals concerned their reſpective offerings; and being generally
in the Newcaſtle coal trade.
followed by the congregation, the money offered
Nearly oppoſite Billingſgate, is the ſtreet call is diſtributed among the aged poor and indigent
ed St. Mary-hill; on the weſt-ſide of which is members of that fraternity.
ſituate the church of
In

HISTORY and S URVÈ T of LONDON
459
In this church is the following epitaph on Sir || ſtroyed by the fire, and not rebuilt
, was a very
Thomas Blancke, Lord-mayor of London; in the ancient foundation. It was a rectory, and ſtood
year 1582;
oppoſite the end of Botolph-lane, on the ſouth
ſide of Thames-ſtreet, and gave name to the ad-
Here lyeth a knight, in London borries joining gate or wharf, known by the name of
Sir Thomas Blancke by name,
Botolph's-gate in the reign of Edward the Con-
Of honeſt birth, of merchants trade, feffort in the reign of Richard I. the patronage
A man of worthy fame.
was in the dean and chapter of St. Paul's.
Religious was his life to God,
The greateſt part of the ground on which the
To man his dealing juſt;
chancel ſtood was, after the fire of London, taken
The poor and hoſpitals can tell,
into the paſſage to Botolph-wharf; and on part
That wealth was not his truſt.
of the ground where the body of the church
With gentle heart and ſpirit milde,
ſtood, there was built a houſe, at ſix pounds per
And nature full of pitie,
annum, ground rent. The reſt was walled in for
Buth ſheriff, Lord-maior and alderman, a burying place. About 1677, a vault was built
He ruled in this citie.
for the interment of the dead in part of the
The good knight was his common name, church-yard ; and a leaſe was let to Francis Min-
So cald of many men :
ſhall, to build a ſhop or ſhed thereon for the bene-
He lived long and died of yeares
fit of the poor at four pounds per annum. The
Twice feven and fix times ten.
pariſhioners alſo built another vault in a different
Obiit 28 Octob. Ann. Dom. 1588. part of the ſaid church-yard ; and, for the bene-
fit of the poor, did, in 1693, let to the ſaid Min=
The pariſh church of St. Andrew Hubbard ſhall the ſite thereof for fixty one years, at the
ſtood where, at preſent, the king's weigh-houſe rate of two pounds per annum, and a fine of one
is ſituate, between St. Botolph's-lane, and Love hundred and fifty pounds to build a ſhop over
lane in Little Eaſtcheap. The patronage of which, the ſaid vault. There was alſo another church-
anno 1389, was in the earl of Pembroke, who || yard or burying place in Botolph-lane belonging
being killed in a tournament at Woodſtock, and to this pariſh, part of which was leafed out to
leaving no iſſue, the crown ſeized on the advowſon Joſhua Green for ſeventy-one years, at twenty
for ſome time, till it came to John lord Talbot,pounds per annum on a building leaſe. Both vel.
afterwards earl of Shrewſbury, in whoſe family it || tries are general; and the officers of each pariſh
continued till the death John earl of Shrewſbury are, two church-wardans and two overſeers.
at the battle of Northampton, anno 1460, when At the ſouth eaſt angle of Rood-lane, in Lit-
it came to Edward IV, who a few years after tle Tower-ſtreet, ftands the parochial church
reſtored it to that noble family ; wherein it of
continued till it came to the earls of Nor-
thumberland, from whom by marriage it went St. MARGARET P A T TENS.
to the duke of Somerſet. This church being de-
ſtroyed by the fire of London in 1666, and not It is ſo called, from its dedication to St. Mar-
rebuilt, the pariſh thereof was by act of parlia garet, virgin and martyr, and its ſtanding in a
ment, annexed to that of St. Mary Hill, where lane, which was entirely occupied by makers and
upon the pariſhioners diſpoſed of the ground both dealers in pattens. In after-times, however, this
of church and cemetery to the city, the purchaſe lane was called Rood-lane, on account of a rood
money whereof they gave towards new paving the or croſs ſet up in the church-yard of St. Marga-
church of the ſaid St. Mary Hill, the place of ret, when pulled down to be rebuilt. This croſs
public worſhip for the united pariſhes.
or rood was bleſſed in a particular manner, and
On the weſt ſide of Botolph-lane is a parochial | privileged by the pope with many indulgences,
church, dedicated to St. George of Cappadocia, for the pardon of their fins who came to pray be-
and patron of the Engliſh nation. It is called fore it, and to make their offerings towards the
rebuilding of St. Margaret's-church: by which
St. GEORGE, BOTOLPH-LANE. means much money was collected from the de-
votees that frequented the tabernacle in which
From its ſituation near the middle of the hill this rood was placed or ſet up. But the church
that leads from Thames-ſtreet to Little-eaſtcheap. || being finiſhed in the year 1538, ſoon after the
It is a rectory founded in the year 1321, and was reformation, ſome people unknown aſſembled
originally in che abbot and convent of St. Sa without noiſe in the night of the twenty-ſecond
viour's Bermondſey ; at whoſe diffolution it came of May that ſame year, and broke the rood to
to the crown, where the patronage ſtill remains. || pieces, and demolished the tabernacle in which it
This church was burnt down in 1666; after which was erected. The lane adjoining has, however,
the preſent ſtructure was raiſed. It is built of ever ſince been called Rood-lane.
ftone, and though fmall, yet it is very neat ; the The advowſon of this church, which is a rectory,
outſide is handſome, the inſide well adorned. was anciently in the family of the Nevils, in
The pariſh of St. Botolph Billingſgate was an which it continued till the year 1392, when it came
nexed to it when rebuilt; and their yearly value to Robert Rickenden of Effex, who, in the year
togecher was ſettled by act of parliament at 1801. 1408, confirmed the ſame to Richard Whitting-
in lieu of tythes.
ton: and in 1411 the ſaid Richard Whittington
The church of St. Botolph Billingſgate, de- || conveyed it to the mayor and commonalty of Lon-
dong

జనం
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.1
At the north-weſt corner of Love-lane, as you
enter into Little Eaſtcheap, is ſituate
The KING's WEIGH-HOUSE.
don; fince which time it has been in the gift of the
citizens, who have preſented thereto after various
manners, viz. ſometimes the mayor alone; at other
times, the mayorand aldermen; then, the mayor and
commonalty, and again, the mayorand commonal-
ty and citizens of London, in whom it ſtill remains.
This church was entirely deſtroyed in the la-
mentable fire of 1666, and the preſent one was
erected in the year 1687. It is built part of ſtone
and part of brick, and conſiſts of a plain body,
66 feet in length, 52 feet broad, and 32 feet in
height to the roof. The windows are arched,
with port-hole windows over them. Over the
front door is a large Doric window, with a cheru-
bim's head and a large feftoon over it ; and above
theſe is a pediment, which ſtretches from the
ſteeple to the end of the church. The tower
riſes ſquare to a conſiderable height, and is termi-
nated by-four plain pinnacles, crowned with balls,
and a baluſtrade, within which riſes a very ſolid
fpire, terminated by a ball and fane.
The officers of this pariſh are, one church-
warden, and one overſeer or collector for the
poor; and the veítry is general.
After the fire of London, the living of St.
Gabriel Fenchurch, which was entirely deſtroyed,
was annexed to St. Margaret Pattens. That was
alſo a rectory, founded about the year 1321, and
dedicated to the angel Gabriel ; it ſtood in the
middle of Fenchurch-ſtreet, in the broad way
near Cullum-ſtreet, and was originally a ſmall
church, but was enlarged and richly beautified in
1632.
The patronage of this rectory appears to have
been anciently in the prior and convent of the
Holy Trinity within Aldgate, in whom it con-
tinued till the ſuppreſſion of their priory, when
it devolved to the crown, in which it ſtill remains.
The veftry is general, and has but one church-
warden.
The living of theſe two pariſhes, ſince the
union, is ſettled at 120l. per annum, in lieu of
tythes ; and as there is but one rector to ſerve
them both, the patrons of each preſent alternately.
This houſe ſtands on the ground where che
church of St. Andrew Hubbard ſtood before the
fire of London, at which time the weigh-houſe
was in Cornhill. The original intent of this
houſe was, to prevent frauds in the weight of
merchandize brought from beyond ſeas, by the
king's beam. It was under a maſter and four
nafter porters, with labouring porters under
them; who uſed to have carts and horſes to fetch
the merchants goods to the beam, and to carry
them back. The houſe belongs to the Grocers
company, who choſe the ſeveral porters, &c. but
of late years little is done in this office, as a com-
pulſive power is wanting to oblige merchants to
have their goods weighed, they alledging it to be
an unneceſſary trouble and expence.
In a large room over the weigh-houſe is a com-
modious meeting-houſe uſed by a congregation
of proteſtant difſenters.
In Pudding-lane, the weſt boundaries of this
ward, is ſituate
BU TCHERS H A L L.
This is a neat convenient little building, and
is finely adorned with fret-work and wainſcot.
The fraternity of butchers appears to be of
great antiquity; for in the 26th of Henry II. ic
was fined for ſetting up a guild without the king's
licence, And its preſent charter, under which
the butchers act, was not granted till the third of
James I. who, on the 16th of September 1605,
did, by letters patent, incorporate them by the
ſtyle of " The maſter, wardens, and common-
alty, of the art or nyſtery of butchers of the
city of London.” The company is governed by
a maſter, five wardens, and a court of aſſiſtants :
it is a livery company, and the twenty-fourth in
the city lift.
ali edo Mabis! South
lagt til aw boca
T
.
.tulisanü 9n3 10
CHAPTER VI.
00 Doo za pouca bez
σε τι Ειτοτο Ιουλ JO
OF BISHOPS GATE and BRE A D-STREET WARDS.
.
SA
THE ward of Biſhopſgate takes its name and then winding by the weſt corner of Leaden-
from a gate which ſtood almoſt in the hall, down Gracechurch-ſtreet, to the ſouth-weſt
center thereof, between the north-weſt
corner oppoſite Fenchurch-ſtreet.
end of Camomile-ſtreet and the north-eaſt end This ward confifts of two parts, viz. Biſhopf-
of Wormwood-ſtreet. It is bounded on the eaſt gate within, and Biſhopſgate without : and is di-
by Aldgate ward, Portſoken ward, and part of vided into nine precincts, five in the former, and
the Tower liberty ; on the ſouth by Langbourn
four in the latter. It is under the government of
ward; on the weſt by Broad-ſtreet ward, and one alderman, two deputies, twelve commons
Moorfields; and on the north by Shoreditch ; council-men, ſeven conſtables, thirteen inqueſt-
and extends from the bars at the north end near men, nine ſcavengers, and two beadles.
Spital-ſquare, on both ſides of the way, includ In ſurveying this ward we ſhall begin at the
ing almoſt half of Houndſditch, as far as the ſouth extremity, which takes in that part of
pump, at the corner of St. Martin's Outwich ; || Gracechurch-ſtreet, on both ſides the way, that
$
reaches

HISTORY and S U R Ver of LONDON.
461
reaches from the north-weſt corner of Leadenhall windows. The Tower was not built till the year
ſtreet, and north-eaſt corner of Cornhill, to Lom 1669, and is wrought with ruſtic at the corners,
bard ſtreet and Fenchurch-ſtreet.
and is crowned with a turret and dome, with a
Grace, or Graſs-church-ſtreet, is a large and bell in it. In this church are ſeveral very curious
ſpacious ſtreet, with well build and lofty houſes, monuments ; particularly that of Francis Ben-
and inhabited by good tradeſmen. The whole croft, who having in a courſe of years amaſſed a
ftreet begins at Eaftcheap, and falls into Leaden very conſiderable ſum of money, left the princi-
hall-ſtreet at the four croſs ſtreets; but the part pal part of it in truſt to the draper's company to
in this ward begins only at Lombard-ſtreet end, as found and maintain an alms-houſe and a ſchool,
mentioned before.
Soft
and to keep this his monument in good and ſub-
Leadenhall herb market, which is large and ſtantial repair ; within which he is emboweled,
not inferior to any in London, is in this ward; embalmed, and in a cheft or box, made with a
but the other parts of Leadenhall, viz. the feſh lid to fall down, with a pair of hinges without any
market, and the fiſh market, &c. are in Lime faſtening; and a piece of ſquare glaſs in the lid
ſtreet ward.
juſt over his face. It is a very plain monument,
Biſhopſgate-ſtreet is large, long and ſpacious, || almoſt ſquare; and has a door for the fexton, on
and generally well inhabited: on the eaſt ſide of certain occaſions, to go in and clear it from duſt
which is Croſby-ſquare; ſo called from Sir John and cobwebs; but the keys of the iron rails about
Croſby knt, who built a great houſe thereon in the monument, and of the vault door, are kept
the year 1466, upon a building leaſe of ninety by the clerk of the drapers company. The mi-
nine years, from the prioreſs and convent of St. niſter has twenty ſhillings for preaching a ſermon
Helen's. In this houſe Richard, duke of Glou once a year in commemoration of Mr. Bencroft's
ceſter, who feized upon the crown by contriving charities ; on which occaſion the alms-men and
the death of his two nephews, reſided during the ſcholars attend at church, and are, by the will of
time he was forging his deſigns and plots to pave the founder, entertained with a good dinner at
his way to the throne. Part of this houſe, as it ſome neighbouring public houſe. The ſexcon has
was repaired and carried higher by a turret built forty ſhillings a year for keeping the monument
by alderman Bond, in the year 1576, is ſtill to be
clear of duft.
feen on the north ſide of the entrance into the At the weſt end of the church in the center
ſquare from Biſhopſgate ſtreet; the ſquare being of the ſquare, lies the church-yard, which is en-
chiefly built upon the garden ground. Part of
cloſed with a wall and iron rails, and ornamented
the houſe is at this time uſed by a congregation
with tall trees.
of diffenters.
The officers of this pariſh are, two church-
Nearly oppoſite to this ſquare ſtood Greſham wardens, four overſeers of the poor, and two
college. This ancient building, which was the fideſmen; and the veftry is general,
manſion-houſe of the renowned Sir Thomas Gre Juſt at the entrance of this ſquare are the alms-
ſham, founder of the Royal Exchange, has been houſes founded by lady Holles, and given by her
lately taken down, and a moſt fuperb edifice of || ladyſhip in truſt to the ſkinners company for ſix
ſtone is at this time erecting (as an Exciſe office) poor nien or women, and endowed the fame with
in its ſtead.
lands, lett at ten pounds per annum, out of which
In a ſpacious court called Great St. Helen's, each perſon was to receive ſeven pence per week.
on the ſouth ſide of this ſtreet, is ſituate the Alice Smith afterwards gave more lands, lett at
church of
fifteen pounds per annum for their ſupport. And
theſe eſtates being increaſed in value, the com-
ST. HE LE N's,
pany has rebuilt the houſe in a very handſome
manner, and augmented the allowance of the
So denominated from its dedication to St. He penſioners.
len the mother of Conſtantine the Great. The A little beyond this, on the fame ſide, is ano-
patronage of this church appears to have been ther court called Little St. Helen's. On this ſpot
anciently in lay hands; for one Ranulph, about ſtood the nunnery, which was annexed to the
the year 1180, granted the ſame to the dean above church, and from which this court is fepå-
and canons of St. Paul's, by whom it was ſome rated only by a row of dwelling-houſes, built on
time after granted to William, ſon of William, the ruins of that religious fabric: ſome remains
the Goldſmith, who founded the adjacent of which are ſtill to be ſeen in
priory of St. Helen; on the prioreſs and nuns
of which he conferred the advowſon thereof, LEATHERSELLERS HALL,
in whom it continued till the ſuppreſſion of
their convent in 1539, when it came to the Which contains the nuns hall, and other apart-
crown.
Edward VI. in the year 1550, granted ments belonging to that nunnery, purchaſed from
the advowſon to Nicholas, biſhop of London, the crown from the company of leatherſellers ;
and his ſucceffors ; which was confirmed by queen and notwithſtanding its antiquity, may be ſaid to
Mary in the year 1553. But it having been Gince vie with moſt of the halls in London, for neat-
re-granted to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, neſs and convenience. The entrance into the
they are both patrons and ordinaries, and collate common hall is up a handſome flight of ſtone
to the vicarage.
ſteps from the court yard. The ſcreen is mag-
This church eſcaped the fire of London in nificently adorned with ſix columns of Ionic order,
1666, and is a gothic ſtructure of the lighter | enrichments, &c. and the ceiling enriched with
kind, conſiſting of a plain body, with large fret work.
6 A
39
The

462
HISTORY and SURVer of LONDON.
The company of leatherſellers was incorporated new church; which was begun in 1725, and
by letters patents of the twenty fecond of Henry finiſhed in two years after.
VI. in 1442, by the name of, “the wardens and The preſent ſtructure is maffy and ſpacious ;
66 fociety of the myſtery or art of leatherfellers of the body is built with brick, and well enlightened,
or the city of London.” They are governed by and the roof hid by a handſome baluſtrade. The
a prime, three wardens, and a court of affiftants. ſteeple, though heavy, maintains an air of mag-
It is a livery company, and the fifteenth among nificence. In the center of the front is a large,
the corporations of this city.
plain, arched window, decorated at a diſtance
By a grant of Henry VII. the wardens of this with pilaſters of the Doric order. Over this win-
corporation, or their deputies, were empowered dow is a feftoon, and above that an angular pe-
to have the inſpection of ſheep, lamb and calves diment; on each ſide 'is a door, crowned with
leather throughout the kingdom, for the more ef- || windows, and over theſe there are others of the
fectually preventing frauds in theſe ſeveral com port hole kind; above which riſes a ſquare tower,
modities,
crowned with a dome, whoſe baſe is circular, and
Not far from the hall is an alms-houſe for four ſurrounded by a baluſtrade in the ſame form ; by
poor men and three women, erected by the com the fide of which, on the corners of the tower,
pany of leatherſellers, agreeable to the will of are placed urns with Aames. From this part
John Hafdwood, who endowed them with eight- riſes a ſeries of coupled corinthian pillars, ſup-
pence per week each; ſince which it has been porting other urns like the former, and over them
augmented by other benefactions to two ſhillings riſes the orgive dome, crowned with a very large
per week, and fix buſhels of coals at Chriſtmas. vaſe, with flames. The roof within-ſide is arch-
In this court is likewiſe a preſbyterian meeting ed, except over the galleries, and two rows of
houſe.
corinthian columns ſupport both the galleries and
Some little way further to the north, in Biſhopf arch, which extends over the body of the church,
gate-ſtreet, ftands the pariſh church of
and is neatly adorned with fret work. The
whole expence of building this church amounted
ST. ETHELBURG.
to £10,444 IS. 8d.
This church has a ſelect veftry, which conſiſts
This church is ſo denominated from its dedica of twenty-ſeven, including the rector and church-
tion to Ethelburga, the firſt chriſtian Saxon prin wardens for the time being; and there are two
ceſs, and daughter to Ethelbert king of Kent, churchwardens and four overſeers. The rector
the firſt chriſtian Saxon prince, and patron to
beſides other conſiderable advantages, receives
Auſtin the monk, the Engliſh apoftle.
about zool. per annum by tythes.
The advowſon of this church, which is a rec This pariſh being greatly confined for room to
tory, was in the prioreſs and nuns of St. Helen, bury their dead, the city, in the year 1615, gave
till the ſuppreſſion of their convent in the year them a piece of waſte ground, which is now the
1539; when coming to the crown it was ſome church-yard, and is handſomely railed with iron
time after granted by queen Elizabeth, to the work: ſince which time that ſpot of ground has
biſhop of London and his ſucceſſors, who have been raiſed above eight feet.
ever ſince collated and inducted to the ſame. And At the Weſt end of this burial ground, and
in ecclefiaftical matters it is ſubject to the arch-
eaſt ſide of Moorfields, was a ſtreet of mean
deacon. This church is very ancient, having | buildings, denominated Petty France, from its
eſcaped the fire of London. The body is irre being originally inhabited by people of that na-
gular and in the Gothic ſtyle, with very large tion. But this place, which about forty years
windows: and the ſteeple is a tall ſpire, ſup ago was little better than a layitall, is now co-
ported on a ſquare tower. The rector receives vered with capital houſes, inhabited by for of
about bol. a year in lieu of cythes.
the moſt reputable citizens ; and is called New
Being now arrived at the ſite of Biſhopſgate, we Broad-ſtreet; at the ſouth weſt angle of which is
enter that part of the ward called Biſhopſgate a Preſbyterian meeting-houſe, and at the north
without: on the north ſide of which ſtands the eaſt corner an independent ineeting-houſe.
parochial church of
From this ſtreet we proceed to a place called
Old Bethlehem, (or more commonly Old Bed,
ST. BOTOLPH's, BISHOPSGATE, lam) which was originally a priory, founded in
the year 1247, by Simon Fitzory, alias Fitz-
This church appears to be of very ancient Mary, ſheriff of London, for the ſupport of a
foundation, and dedicated to St. Botolph, an community of brothers and ſiſters that wore a
Engliſh ſaxon ſaint, who died about the year 680; ſtar upon their outer
their outer garments ; and dedicated to
but the firſt rector we have any account of was St. Mary of Bethlehem. c
John of Northampton, who reſigned the ſame This priory, however, undergoing the fate of
on the fourth of June 1323. Ac which time it all other religious houſes, was ſuppreſſed by king
was, and ſtill remains, in the gift of the biſhop || Henry VIII. and in the year 1546, the mayor
of London.
and commonalty of London purchaſed the faid
The old church, which was built of brick and priory from the crown; and it was by them con-
ſtone, eſcaped the fire of London, but became verted into an hoſpital for the cure of lunatics, at
ſo ruinous, that the parſhioners thought it neceſ a certain expence to be paid weekly by the rela-
ſary to apply to parliament to enable them to raiſe tions or pariſh of the patient admitted. And at
money by annuities, to pull it down and build a a court of aldermen held the ſeventh of April,
alho5 Edward

HDXH) SALUROHT:s p maa € HƏYAH) I1U15 p mara Hai MATOLOGS E MIA
oppfum
hing
NAS
Suurzewo
ve
LUUUUU
HD
IK
ul
ODODE DD
Juopio ",
Ongraved for Chamberlains History of

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
463
5 Edward VI. it was ordered, that the inhabitants came ſubject to the Tower hamlets, and the inha-
within the precinct of Bethlehem ſhould be from bitants are ſtill ſummoned on juries belonging to
thenceforth united to the pariſh of St. Botolph the court held on Tower-hill.
without Biſhopſgate, and to be allotted and At the ſouth eaſt corner of Halfmoon-alley, on
charged to all officers and charges, tythes and the weſt ſide of Biſhopſgate-ſtreet, is a large and
clerks wages excepted.
commodious brick building, called
This priory encloſed all the eſtate and ground,
in length, from Biſhopſgate-itreet eaſt, to the The LONDON WORK-HOUSE.
great ditch in the weſt, which was called deep
ditch, dividing the ſaid lands from Moorfields, This edifice was founded by act of parliament,
and in breadth, to the land of Ralph Downing, in 1649, for the relief and employment of the
viz. Downing’s-alley in the north, and to the poor, and the puniſhing vagrants and diſorderly
land of the church of St. Botolph in the ſouth. perſons within the city and liberties of London.
The ſite and lands of this priory, after its dil. However, in the year 1662, the continual increaſe
ſolution, being diſpoſed of to the citizens, it was of the poor, and the defects in the laws relating
immediately let out to divers tenants, and was to the ſettlement of them, occaſioned another act,
built upon and divided into ſtreets, alleys and by which the governors were conſtituted a body
courts, except a ſquare piece of ground, con corporate with a common ſeal; the Lord-mayor
fiſting of about one acre, which is at the north for the time being was appointed preſident, and
caft extremity of the lower Moorfields, com the preſident and governors were allowed to pur-
monly known by the name of Broker’s-row, chaſe lands or tenements to the annual value of
where formerly was the place called deep ditch. 300l. Beſides, the common-council were em-
In the year 1568, Sir Thomas Roe, merchant powered to rate the ſeveral wards, precincts, and
taylor and Lord.mayor of London, cauſed this pariſhes of this city, for the ſupport of the ſaid
ground to be incloſed with a brick wall, to be a workhouſe; as will more clearly appear from the
common burial-ground, at a low rate, for ſuch following extract:
pariſhes in London, as wanted convenient burial
places. He called it the New church-yard near " Be it further enacted, by the authority afore-
Bethlehem, and eſtabliſhed a ſermon to be preach faid, that it ſhall and may be lawful to and for the
ed there on Whitſunday, annually; which, for ma ſaid preſident and governors of the ſaid corpora-
ny years, was honoured with the preſence of the || tion for the time being, or any two of them, or
Lord-mayor and aldermen. This, however, has to or for any perſon authorized and appointed by
been for a conſiderable cime diſcontinued, and them, or any two of them, from time to time, to
the burial place ſhut up.
apprehend, or cauſe to be apprehended, any
On the fouth ſide of this burial ground, oppo rogues, vagrants, ſturdy beggars, or idle or diſ-
fite the ftreet leading from Moorfields, is ſituate orderly perſons, within the ſaid city and liberties,
Devonſhire ſquare. On this ſpot originally was places, diviſions, and precincts, and to cauſe
a large houſe built by the lord Tohn Powlet; and them to be kept and ſet to work in the ſeveral and
near that a ftill more beautiful houſe, built by reſpective corporacions or workhouſes.
Jaſper Fiſher, a freeman of the Goldſmiths com as Be it further enacted by the authority afore-
pany, one of the ſix-clerks in chancery, and a ſaid, that if the preſident and governors of any
juſtice of peace. It was afterwards the earl of of the ſaid corporations ſhall certify, under their
Oxford's houſe, and then earl of Devonſhire's, common ſeal, their want and defect, either of a
whofe name is ſtill preſerved in the ſtreet and preſent ſtock for the foundation of the work, or
ſquare built upon its ruins. This houſe being for ſupply, thereof for the future, and what ſum
- fo large and ſumptuouſly built by a man of no or ſums of money they ſhall think fit for the fame,
great birth or fortune, (for he was much in debt) to the common-council of the ſaid city of Lon-
was mockingly called Fiſher's Folly.
don, that thereupon the common-council of the
This is a neat but ſmall ſquare, ſurrounded ſaid city of London are hereby required, from
with good houſes,) with rows of trees before time to time, to ſet down and aſcertain ſuch com-
them) which are principally inhabited by wealthy petent ſum and ſums of money for the purpoſes
* merchants ; and juſt without the eaſt paffage is a aforeſaid, not exceeeding one year's rate from
baptiſt meeting. houſe, and a quaker's meeting time to time uſually ſet upon any perſon, for or
houſe.
towards the relief of the poor, and the fame to
North eaſt from this lies a ſpacious incloſure || proportion out upon the ſeveral wards, precincts,
called the artillery-ground, let by the prior of St. and pariſhes, as they ſhall think fit: and there-
Mary Spittal to the gunners of the Tower, for upon the aldermen, deputies, and common-coun-
thrice ninety-nine years, for the uſe and practicecil-men of every ward in the city of London,
of the great and ſmall artillery. And they came ſhall have power and authority, and are hereby
hither every Thurſday to exerciſe their large ar required, equally and indifferently, according to
tillery; which moved his majeſty king Henry the proportions appointed, as aforeſaid, for the
VIII. to grant them a charter ; and the ſame was ſeveral wards, precincts and pariſhes, as afore-
confirmed in 1584, and was eſtabliſhed, with ad- || faid, to tax and rate the ſeveral inhabitants with
ditions, for the increaſing of good gunners for in the ſaid reſpective wards, precincts, and pa-
the royal navy and forts. In both thoſe charters || riſhes, as well within the liberties as without ;
this ground being nominated and ordered to be with which cax if any perſon or perſons find him
fet apart for thoſe uſes, the artillery ground be or themſelves aggrieved, ſuppoſing the ſame to

464
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
66
be unequal, he or they ſhall and may make their receives a penny a week. There are here ſeldorn
complaint known to the juſtices of the peace at leſs than four hundred children thus employed,
the next open feſfions, who ſhall take ſuch final all of whom are dreſſed in ruffet cloth, and wear
order therein, as in like cafe is already by the a round badge upon their breaſts, repreſenting a
law provided.
poor boy, and a ſheep with the following motto:
"And be it further enacted by the authority God's providence is our inheritance. Theſe chil-
aforeſaid, That it ſhall and may be lawful to and dren thus ſaved from the miſeries of vice and
for any alderman of the city of London, or his beggary, after being inſtructed and inured to la-
deputy, by their warrant under their hands and bour, are put out apprentice ; the boys to the
feals, to authorize the churchwardens or overſeers ſea ſervice or to trades, and the girls to ſervice
for the poor within the places and pariſhes afore in honeſt families.
faid, to demand, gather, and receive of every It may not be altogether unpleaſing to recite
perſon and perſons ſuch ſum and ſums of money, the ſpeech of John Trufty, one of theſe poor
as ſhall be affeffed upon them by virtue of the boys, to her majeſty queen Anne, upon her com-
taxations and contributions aforeſaid; and for de ing to dine at Guildhall
, on Thurſday the 29th
fault of payment within ten days after demand of October 1702, the Lord-niayor's day.
thereof made, or notice in writing left at the
dwelling-houſe or lodging of every perſon fo af “ May it pleaſe your moſt excellent majeſty to
feffed, to levy the fame by diſtreſs and ſale of the " pardon this great prefumption in us poor chil-
goods of every ſuch perſon, and after ſatisfaction 6 dren, who throw ourſelves at your royal feet,
made, to reſtore the ſurpluffage to the party ſo anong the reſt of your glad ſubjects, that here
diftrained. cage og
" in crouds appear to behold your facred ma-
66 And it is further enacted by the authority jefty.
aforeſaid, That the reſpective preſident and go We, madam, have no fathers, no mothers,
vernors, or any ſeven of them, ſhall have power no friends; or, which is next to none, thoſe
from time to time to make and conſtitute orders co who, through their extreme poverty, cannot
and bye-laws for the better relieving, regulating, help us. God's providence is our inheritance,
and ſetcing the poor to work, and the apprehend “ [pointing to the motto on his breaft.] All the
ing and puniſhing of rogues, vagabonds, and ſupport we have is from the unexhauſted cha-
beggars, within the city, liberties, and places “ rities of your loyal citizens of London, and
aforefaid, that have not wherewith to maintain “ others your good ſubjects, and the pious care
themſelves, and for other matters aforeſaid. “ of our governors, who are now teaching our
66 Provided the ſaid orders and bye-laws ſhall
« little hands to work, and our fingers to ſpin.
from time to time be preſented to the juſtices of " Theſe threads, madam, [holding out fome
the peace in their quarter ſeffions affembled, to yarn, which he had in his hand] are ſome of
be allowed by the major part of them, and con “ the early fruits of our induſtry. We are all
firmed by order of the ſaid court."
daily employed in the ſtaple manufacture of
England, learning betimes to be uſeful to the
The ſeveral pariſhes, beſides their affeffments, 66 world. And there ſeemed nothing wanting
formerly paid one ſhilling per week for pariſh to compleat our happineſs, but the opportunity
children ; but in 1751 the governors came to a “ which this day affords us, of being the ob-
reſolution, that no more children paid for by the jects of your tender pity and compaffion. One
pariſhes to which they belong, ſhould be taken gracious ſmile from your majeſty on this new
inco che houſe; and ſince that time it has been 56 foundation will make us live--and live to call
reſolved, that only ſuch children ſhould be taken
in, as were committed by the magiſtrates of the • And may God Almighty long preſerve your
city, found begging in the ſtreets, pilfering on “ majeſty, for the good of theſe your kingdoms,
the keys, or lying about in glaſs-houfes and unin “ and your royal conſort the prince. So pray
habited places ; the common receptacles of the we, your little children: and let all your peo-
wretched and the wicked.
“ ple ſay, Amen.”
Theſe poor abandoned children are educated
according to the uſage of the church of England, In another part of the houſe, called The
and meet at ſix in the morning and evening in a Keeper's ſide, are kept beggars, vagrants, diffo-
large room, which ſerves them both for a chapel lute and abandoned ſturdy fellows, who have no
and dining room, where they hear prayers ; they honeſt means of ſupport; and the lewd women
are taught the catechiſm; have a miniſter who at who are taken up in the ſtreets. All theſe are
tends upon them; and on Sundays they all go kept to hard labour and employed in beating of
to church at Great St. Helen's. A part of the hemp and waſhing of linen. All theſe are not
day is appropriated to their learning to read, only ſupported, but in caſe of ſickneſs, broken
write, and obtaining ſome knowledge of arith limbs or wounds, have advice, phyſic and ſur-
metic; the reſt of their time is ſpent in weaving gery gratis.
nets for the Britih fiſhery; and the girls are It is a large, ſtrong and uſeful building, with
employed in ſewing, knitting, and other labour, three long rooms or galleries one over another,
by which they are qualified for ſervice. The which are filled with boys and girls at work, who
boys make twenty-five yards of nercing per have a proper number of men and women to in-
week; and, as an encouragement to induſtry, ſtruct them. They have likewiſe a large and
every boy who makes above twenty-four yards, convenient brewhouſe for brewing their own drink,
and
$
you bleſſed.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
465
and over that a malt houſe. In ſhort, every thing | convenient; after which he was to make a fermon
is managed with the greateſt prudence and eco himſelf. At theſe fermons, ſo ſeverally preached,
nony.
the mayor, with his brethren the aldermen, were
Farther to the north is Lamb-alley; in which accuſtomed to be preſent in their violets at St:
are two charitable foundations.
Paul's on Good Friday, and in their ſcarlets, at
1. Alleyn's alms-houſes for ten poor men and the Spittal in the holidays, except Wedneſday in
women, built and endowed with forty ſhillings || violet; and the mayor, with his brethren, oni
per annum each, by the founder of Dulwich col Low Sunday, in ſcarlet, at Paul's croſs.
lege, in 1614, in Petty France, now New Broad This cuſtom was kept up till the year 1642 ;
ſtreet. And
but in the grand rebellion the pulpit was broken
2. Alms-houſes for ſixteen poor old women, down, and the cuſtom of preaching was diſcon-
built and endowed with two ſhillings and ſixpence tinued. However, at the reſtoration, it was ſo
a month each, by one Mr. Underwood:
far revived, that the Spittal ſermons have been
Both chefe charitable foundations were removed ſince preached every Eaſter at St. Bride's in Fleet-
from their ſituation into Lamb-alley; where they ſtreet, and honoured with the preſence of the
are accommodated with new houſes, at the ex Lord-mayor, aldermen, &c.
pence of the pariſh, and builders of New Broad We ſhall leave this ward at the ſouth-eaſt cor-
ſtreet.
ner of Biſhopſgate-ſtreet, next Cornhill, where
Returning again to the eaſt lide of Biſhopſgate are a row of ſpacious new buildings, which ſup-
ſtreet, we come to Spittal-ſquare, and the ſite of ply the place of thoſe conſumed by fire in the
the ancient priory and hoſpital of St. Mary Spit year 1765. Among theſe is one remarkably ex-
tal, founded in the year 1197, by Sir Walter tenſive and lofty, which was built at the expence
Brune, and Roſſia his wife, for canons regular, of ſome principal merchants, who are proprietors
and dedicated to the honour of Jeſus Chriſt, and thereof, as a tavern, and is called The London.
his mother the Bleſſed Virgin Mary.
It is worthy of remark, that in clearing the
This foundation was of very conſiderable ex rubbiſh to make way for theſe new buildings,
tent; for in the compoſition made by the prior there appeared the remains of an ancient church
with the rector of St. Botolph's, concerning tythes, or chapel, which had long ſerved for the uſes
it appears to have begun ac Berwards-lane, to of cellaring to the four houſes that covered
wards the fouth, and to run as far as the pariſh | this relick of antiquity; but when, or by
of St. Leonard, Shoreditch, to the north, in whom this old church was founded, we have no
breadth: and from the king's ſtreet in the weſt, account. In taking the dimenſions of it, the
to the biſhop of London's field, called Lallorf inſide meaſured forty feet in length, and twenty-
worth, (now Spittalfield) on the eaſt.
fix feet and an inch in breadth. The length con-
At the diffolution of this priory in the reign of ſiſted of four arches; and the breadth of two
Henry VIII. it was valued at 4781. per annum, iſes : that towards the ſouth being of nine feet
and there were found in it 178 beds for the receipt three inches broad, and that on the north fixteen
feet. The roof of this ſubterraneous monument
On the ſpot where this hoſpital ſtood, and near was at that time only ten feet nine inches above
adjoining, are now many handſome houſes, in the preſent floor, occaſioned by the extenſive raiſ-
habited by manufacturers, and merchants of ing of the ground in this part of the city. And
great trade and worth.
if we may be allowed to form a conjecture upon
A part of the large church-yard pertaining to a well grounded authority, that this was once a
this hoſpital, and ſevered from the reſt by a brick church dedicated to St. Andrew the apoſtle, ſuper
wall, was for a long time remaining, with a pul or at the top of Cornhill, which cannot be ap-
pit croſs therein, ſomewhat like to that in St. || plied to St Andrew's Underſhaft, without many
Paul's church-yard ; and againſt the ſaid pulpit, || objections ; and as there are no other remains of
on the ſouth ſide, before the charnel and chapel a church near the top of Cornhill, beſides theſe
of St. Edmond the biſhop, and St. Mary Mag- ruins, it appears very probable that the premiſes
dalen (which chapel was founded about the year here deſcribed are the remains of the church,
1391) there was a handſome houſe of cwo ſtories which once ſtood at the top or above Cornhill,
high, for the mayor, aldermen, ſheriffs, and dedicated to St. Andrew the apoſtle, from which
other perſons of diſtinction to ſic in, to hear the the other church at the corner of St. Mary-ax,
fermons preached in the Eaſter holidays.
dedicated to the ſame faint, was diſtinguiſhed by
It was for a long time a cuítom, on Good Fri the addition of Underſhaft.
day in the aftermoon, for ſome learned man, by About twelve feet more to the north, and un-
appointment of the prelates, to preach a fermon der the very houſe where the fire was ſuppoſed to
at Paul's croſs, treating of Chriſt's paſſion; and have begun, there was another ſtone building,
upon the three nexe Eaſter holidays, Monday, thirty feet long, fourteen feet broad, and eight
Tueſday and Wedneſday, other learned men, by feet fix inches above the preſent floor, with a
the like appointment, preached in the forenoon at door on the north ſide, a window at the eaſt end;
the Spittal, to perſuade the articles of Chriſt's re and the appearance of another at the weſt end.
ſurrection. And then, on Low Sunday, before This building was covered with a ſemicirculat
noon, another learned man, at Paul's Croſs, was arch, made of ſmall pieces of chalk in the form
to make rehearſal of thoſe four former fermons, of bricks, and rubbed with ftone, reſembling
either commending or reproving them, as to him, the arches of a bridge : but this ſtructure did
(by judgment of the learned divines) was thought not appear to have any connection or communi-
39
6 B
cacion
of the poor.

466
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
any
cation with the before-mentioned. Nor does tion in this neighbourhood, ſerving to lead us to
ancient hiſtory give us the leaſt account thereof; a diſcovery and explanation of ſo remarkable a
nor of any religious or other remarkable founda- || building, buried by the ſtreets of London.
Of B R E A D S T R E E T WAR D.
T T
open market.
THIS ward takes its name from the prin- || biſhop of Canterbury, and his ſucceſſors, in whom
cipal ſtreet therein, called Bread-ſtreet, it ſtill continues,
where formerly was held the bread-mar The old church being deſtroyed by the fire of
ket; as appears by records of the year 1302, London in 1666, the preſent edifice was erected
when the bakers of London were obligated not in 1684, at the expence of the public; and ſerves
to ſell any bread in their ſhops or houſes, but in not only for the accommodation of the inhabi-
tants of its own pariſh, but likewiſe thoſe of St.
Bread-ſtreet ward is encompaſſed on the north John the Evangeliſt's, who are thereunto annexed
and north-weſt by the ward of Farringdon with by act of parliament. This church conſiſts of a
in; on the eaſt by Cordwainer's ward ; on the plain body, with a ſquare tower eighty-ſix feet
ſouth by Queenhithe ward ; and on the weſt high, divided into four ſtages with arches near
by Caſtle Baynard ward. It begins in Cheapſide the top. The inſide is handſomely wainſcoted and
on the north, and runs on the ſouth fide from pewed, the pulpit finely carved, the founding
where the ſtandard, to where the croſs formerly board veneered, a neat gallery at the weſt end,
ſtood, then called Goldſmiths-row. It extends and a ſpacious altar-piece well adorned and beau.
on the ſouth in Watling-ftreet up almoſt to the tified. The veſtry is general, and the officers are
houſe next to St. Auguſtin's church on the north two church-wardens.
fide; and on the ſouth ſide, up to the Old At this church are prayers every Thurſday at
Change; and down the ſame at the eaſt fide, by five o'clock in the afternoon, from Michaelmas
the weſt end of Maiden-lane, or Diſtaff-lane, to to Midſummer, and a ſermon, the gift of Mr.
Knightrider-ſtreet, or, as that part is called, Old Daniel Elliot. And on the twenty-fifth of July
Fiſh-ſtreet ; and all the north fide of the ſaid is another gift fermon in memory of the defeat of
ſtreet, till over againſt the Trinity church and the Spaniſh armada.
Trinity-lane.
The pariſh church of St. John the Evangeliſt
This ward is divided into thirteen precincts, burnt down in 1666, (and afterwards united to
and is governed by an alderman, twelve com Allhallows) was a rectory, and ſtood on the eaſt
mon-council-men, (of whom one is the alder. ſide of Friday- ſtreet, next Watling-ftreet
. It
man's deputy) thirteen conſtables, thirteen in was founded about the ſame time as Allhallows,
queft-men, thirteen ſcavengers, and a beadie. and was in the gift of the prior and chapter of
The principal ſtreets and places in this ward Chriſt church, Canterbury, till they conveyed it,
are, Watling ſtreet, Bread-ſtreet, Friday-ſtreet, with the aforeſaid church, to the archbiſhop of
Diftaff-lane, Bafing-lane, with the eaſt ſide of || Canterbury.
the Old Change, from the corner of St. Auſtin's The ſite of this church remains now only as a
gate to Old Fish-ſtreet ; and the north fide of burial place for the inhabitants of this pariſh.
Old Fiſh-ſtreet and Trinity-lane, with part of the The veſtry is general, and they have two church-
ſouth ſide of Cheapſide, betwixt Friday-ſtreet, wardens. The two pariſhes united together pro-
and St. Mary-le-Bow church.
duce the yearly value of 1401. in lieu of tythes.
Bread-ſtreet is an open ſtreet, well built, and On the ſame ſide of this ſtreet ſtands the
principally inhabited by hop-merchants and other riſh church of
great dealers : on the eaſt ſide of which, at the
ST. MILDRED, BREADSTREET.
corner next Watling-ſtreet, is ſituate the pariſh
church of
So denominated from its dedication to St. Mil-
dred, a Saxon faint, who was abbeſs of a mo-
A LLH ALLOWS BREAD STREET. naftery in the Iſle of Thanet, where ſhe died in
the year 676.
This church, which is a rectory, and a pecu It is a rectory, founded by lord Trenchant of
liar belonging to the archbiſhop of Canterbury, St. Albans, about the year 1300 ; but it had
owes its name to its ficuation, and dedication to neither veſtry-room nor church-yard till 1428,
All Saints.
when Sir John Chadworth, or Shadworth, by his
The advowſon of this church was in the prior || will gave a veftry and church-yard to the pa-
and canons of Chriſt's church in Canterbury till riſhioners, and a parſonage houſe to the rector.
the year 1365, when, in return for the
After this church was burnt down in 1666, and
vours conferred upon them by their archbiſhop, || rebuilt, it had the pariſh of St. Margaret Moſes
they, on the twenty-fourth of April, by a proper united to it.
inftrument under their common ſeal, did convey The front of the preſent edifice is built of free-
and allign the right of preſentation to Simon arch ſtone ; the other parts of brick : the roof is co-
vered
pa-
many fa-
5

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
4.67
vered with lead, and the floor paved with pur King Richard II. marrying the daughter of
beck ſtone. Within is a neat wainſcot gallery at Wenceſlaus king of Bohernia, the Engliſh by
the weſt end, and the pulpit is enriched : the al. her example wore long peaked ſhoes tied to their
tar-piece is handſomely adorned; and the com knees with ſilk laces, or ſilver chains gilt. This
munion table ftands upon a foot-piece of black prepoſterous faſhion occaſioned the paſſing of an
and white marble, incloſed with rails and ban act of parliament, in the reign of Edward IV.
niſters.
in which it was enacted, that no cordwainer or
The advowſon of this church was anciendly in cobler within the city of London, or three miles
the prior and canons of St. Mary Overies, South of it, ſhould make any ſhoes, galoſhes or hu-
wark, till Bartholomew, the prior, and convent, ſeans; that is, boots or buſkins, with any pyke, or
in the year 1533, granted the patronage thereof || poleyn, exceeding the length of two inches, to
to John Oliver and others, of be adjudged by the governors of
; to ſame myſtery in
Sir Nicholas Criſpe, in whoſe family the gift is ſume to ſell, or put upon the legs or feet of any
ſaid ſtill to remain. The veftry is general, and perſon, any ſhoes, boots, or buſkins, on Sun-
the pariſh officers are only two churchwardens. days, or on the feaſts of the nativity and aſcen-
The pariſh of St. Margaret Mofes, which is fion of our Lord, or on Corpus Chrifti day, on
annexed to St. Mildred, was a rectory, the church the penalty of paying twenty ſhillings for each of-
whereof ſtood at the ſouth weſt corner of Piſling- || fence. See page 131.
alley (now Little Friday-ſtreet) oppoſite diſtaff This company, by a late charter, is ftiled,
lane. It received its name from being dedicated " The maſter, wardens and commonalcy of the
to St. Margaret, virgin and martyr of Antioch in myſtery of cordwainers, of the city of Lon-
Pifidia ; and takes the addition of Moſes from don.” They are governed by a maſter, four war-
one of that naine who was a conſiderable bene dens, and a court of aſſiitants. It is a livery com-
factor or rebuilder thereof.
pany, and the twenty ſeventh on the city líſt.
The patronage of this rectory appears to have On the weſt ſide of Bread-ſtreet formerly ſtood
been anciently in lay, hands; for Robert Fitz a priſon. houſe belonging to the ſheriffs of Lon-
walter gave the ſame to the prior and canons of don, called the compter. But in the year 1555
St. Faith's, at Horeham in the county of Nor the priſoners were removed from thence to another
folk; which being confirmed to them by a bull new compter in Wood-ſtreet ; provided by the
of pope Alexander III. in the year 1163, it con city's purchaſe, and built for that purpoſe. The
tinued in the ſaid prior and cannons till the ſup cauſe of this priſon being removed may be ſeen
preſion of their convent by, Edward the third: in page 203.
when this church came to the crown, where it has On the ſouth ſide of Baſing-lane is ſituate
ever ſince continued.
This church, which was burnt down in 1666, GERAR D's-H ALL-INN.
being annexed to St. Mildred's, the yearly value
of both theſe rectories was ſettled by act of par This building has ſtood many geenerations in
liament at 1301. per annum in lieu of tythes. great repute, for its accommodations and good
One part of the ſite of this church was ſold entertainment, both for man and horſe, and for
to the city for widening Pilling-alley, lying between all kinds of carriages. It is built upon the re-
Friday-ſtreet and Bread-ſtreet; and the money mains of the manſion houſe of the ancient family
which aroſe from the ſale thereof was applied to.
of Giſors, ſome of whom, for many ages, filled,
wards the paving and beautifying the ſaid church and with dignity and honour ſerved, the chief
of St. Mildred; the other part now remaining offices in the magiſtracy of this city. In thoſe
is the burial place form the inhabitants of St. days it was called Gifor’s hall. John Giſor, may-
Margaret's pariſh.
or of London, was owner of it in 1245, and by
The officers of this pariſh are two church-war deſcent it came to another of the fame name in
dens; and the veftry is general.
1386, who made a feoffment of it. From which
The patronage of St. Mildred's being in the we are to look upon the preſent appellation of Ge-
family of the Criſps, and that of St. Margaret's rard's-hall to be no other than a corruption of
in the crown, they preſent to both livings alter Gerard for Giſor, and Gerard's-hall for Giſor’s-
nately.
hall; without having recourſe to the fabulous
On the north ſide of Great Diſtaff-lane is a tradition which was ſwallowed by our credu-
handſome brick building, conſiſting of ſeveral lous anceſtors, who were weak enough to be-
good rooms, called mes te ga
lieve that this was the habitation of Gerard, a
CORD WAINERS HALL;
giant, who uſed a poll in the wars forcy feet long,
stoto
and fifteen inches round; and whoſe ſkull being
The principal room of which, is adorned found would hold five pecks; and his thigh
with the pictures of king William and queen bone was ſix feet long, and one of his teeth
Mary
weighed ten pounds troy: without conſidering thac
This company was incorporated by letters a perſon of ſuch prodigious dimenſions could not
patent granted by king Henry IV. in the year poſſibly inhabit a houſe or hall of the ſize this
1410, by the name of Cordwainers and Coblers, appears to have been by its remains, which are
the latter of which names was chen far from being ſtill to be ſeen in the arched vaults, ſupported by
a deſpicable term, as it ſignified not only a ſhoe ſixteeen pillars, built of ſtone brought from Caen
maker, but a dealer in ſhoes; and it does not in Normandy, and are now uſed for cellars, be.
appear that the word ſhoe-maker was then in uſe. ing entirely under the floor of the building.
Before

468
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Before we leave this ward, we ſhall take notice || richly painted over and gilt. Theſe he gave to
of a moſt beautiful fet of houſes and ſhops which the goldſmiths, with a ſtock of money to young
were, in ancient times, ficuate between Bread men who inhabited theſe ſhops. This ſaid front
ſtreet end, and the croſs in Cheap, at that time was again new painted and gilt over in the year
called Goldſmith's Row. This row of houſes 1593, Sir Richard Martin being then mayor.
was built by Thomas Wood, goldſmich, one of The goldſmiths originally kept their ſhops and
the ſheriffs of London in the year 1491. It con trade in Weft-cheap, even before the days of
tained in number ten dwelling houſes and four king Edward III. to the time of king Charles I.
teen ſhops, all in one frame, uniformerly built And the Exchange for the king's coin was not
four itories high, beautified towards the ſtreet far off the place now called the Old Change, as
with the goldſmiths arms, and the likeneſs of appears by record, which not only ſhews the
woodmen, in memory of his name, riding on place of the goldſmiths habitation, but their oc-
monſtrous beaſts; all which were caſt in lead, cupation and buſineſs about the coin and plate.
9
CHAPTER VII.
Of BRIDGE-WARD Within and BRO A D-STREET Ward.
B
RIDGE Ward within derives its name number of ſtrokes in a minute are 684. And as
from its connection with London-bridge ; the ſtroke is two feet and a half in a feven inch
for it begins at the end next Southwark, bore, which raiſes three ale gallons, they raiſe
from whence it reacheth direct north up Grace 2052 gallons in a minute; that is, 123,120 gal.
church-ſtreet, as far as the corner of Lombard lons, or 1954 hogſheads in an hour, which is
ſtreet and Fenchurch-ſtreet, including all the at the rate of 46,896 hogſheads per day, to the
bridge, the greateſt part of all the alleys and height of 120 feet, including the waſte, which
courts on the eaſt fide, and on the weſt ſide all may be computed at a fifth part of the whole.
the alleys, courts and lanes in Thames-ſtreet on The wheels force the water to a baſon on the top
both ſides to New key, part of Michaels-lane, of a high cower of wood, which ſtands on the
and part of Crooked-lane.
ſterling of the firſt arch on the north weſt end of
It is encompaſſed on the ſouth by Southwark the bridge ; by which means the water is raiſed
and the river Thames ; on the eaſt by Billingſgate to any part of the city. A farther addition has
ward ; on the north by Langbourn ward; and been lately made to theſe water-works on the
on the weſt by Candlewick and Dowgate wards. fouth-weſt ſide of the bridge.
The government of this ward is an alderman, Excluſive of the improvements made to Lon-
fifteen common-council-men, (of whom one is don bridge, the narrow entrance on the 'north
the alderman's deputy) fourteen conftables, fifteen fide is made as wide as the bridge, by pulling
inqueft-men, fourteen ſcavengers and a beadle. down all the houſes on the weſt fide of the ſtreet
London bridge, which is the firſt principal as far as Thames-ſtreet, and throwing the new
place in this ward, the reader will find particu- buildings backwards ; and on the eaſt fide a foot
Iarly deſcribed (from its origin to its preſent ſitu way is made under the ſteeple or cower of the
ation) in pages 29–34.
church of
At the north end of this bridge, under the
four arches, are fixed the works of a water com-
ST. M A GNU S.
pany, who, from this ſituation, are called the
company of the London-bridge water-works. It This church, which is a rectory, ſituate at the
was originally the invention of Peter Maurice, a north-eaft corner of London-bridge, owes its
Dutchman, in 1582, to fupply the city with wa name to its dedication to St. Magnus, who ſuf-
ter from the Thames through wooden pipes. | fered martyrdom under the emperor Aurelian,
(See page 207) This invention has, by many in the city of Cæſarea, for his ſtedfaſt adherence
improvements, arrived to ſuch perfection, under to the chriſtian religion.
the direction of that great maſter the late Mr. The patronage of this church was anciently in
Hadley, that thefe works, in their preſent con-
the bots and convents of Weſtminſter and Ber-
dition, are ſaid to be ſuperior to the moſt famed | mondſey, who preſented alternately, till the ge-
water-engine at Marli in France, which coſts neral ſuppreſſion of monaſteries; when coming
25000l. ſterling per annum, to keep it in re to the crown, queen Mary, by her letters patent,
pair.
A. D. 1553, granted the ſame to the biſhop of
The wheels placed, under the arches, are mov London, and his fucceffors, in whom it ſtill re-
ed by the common ſtream of the tide water of mains.
the river Thames. One turn of the four wheels The old church fuffered the like fate with
makes 114 ſtrokes; and, when the river is ac beft, others in the general conflagration in 1666; and
the wheels go fix times round in a minute ; and when rebuilt, was made the parochial church for
but four and a half at middle water ; fo that the this and the pariſh of St. Margaret, New Fiſh-
ftreet,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
469
ton.
ports the fane.
ſtreet, which is annexed to ic by act of parlia St. Paul's, London, in the year 1181, in whom
ment. The body of the preſent ſtructure was the patronage ſtill continues.
built in the year 1676, but the ſteeple was not The old church, being much damaged by the
added till ſeveral years after,
fire in 1666, was taken down, and the prefent
It is a ſpacious and maſſy ſtone building; plain, ſtructure erected in its place, which is built prin-
and yet well ornamented. The corners have || cipally of ſtone, and is a regular, convenient and
ruſtic quoins, and the body is enlightened by tall neat edifice, without the expence of columns and
arched windows, over each of which is a cornice | poreicos. It has a handſome baluſtrade at the
ſupported by ſcrolls, and between theſe is a che top, and a very high ſpire of the obeliſk kind,
rub over the center of each window. At the the baſe of which is ſupported by four porticos.
weſt end coupled pilaſters riſe on each ſide the The inſide is well wainſcoted and handſomely
door, from a plain courſe, and ſupport a pediment. pewed; the pulpit well veneered, carved, and
The door on the northſide is alſo placed under a adorned with cherubs, &c. Here is a Sunday's
pediment, but without the particular decorations afternoon lecture, with an endowment of forty
of the other. Over each door is an oval window, pounds per annum, founded by Mrs. Joan New-
and the laſt is decorated with feſtoons. The roof
is hid by a kind of attic courſe, from which the The veftry is ſelect; and the officers of the
tower riſes ſquare and plain ; and from this pariſh are, only two churchwardens.
the dial, which is very richly ornamented, pro This church not only accommodates its own
jects over the ſtreet. The courſe above this is inhabitants, but likewiſe thoſe of the pariſh of
adorned at the corners with coupled pilaſters of St. Leonard, Eaſtcheap, which is annexed to its
the Inoic order, ſupporting an open work in the and both together are of the yearly value of 1401.
place of a baluſtrade, with large urns at the cor-
in lieu of tythes.
ners of an uncommon ſhape. From within this The church of St. Leonard Eaſtcheap was
open work riſes the lanthorn, which has alſo Ionic burnt down in 1666, and never rebuilt. It was
pilaſters, and arched windows in all the interco dedicated to one Leonard, a french faint, and
lumniations. The doom reſts upon theſe pila- || biſhop of Limognes, and was ſome time named
fters, and on its crown is placed a piece of open St. Leonard Milk-church, from William Malker,
work like that which ſurrounds the baſe of the the builder thereof.
lanthorn. On this is raiſed the turret which ſup The patronage of this rectory, which was an-
ciently in the prior and convent of Canterbury, is
The veſtry is ſelect, and conſiſts of thirty-three at preſent in the dean and chapter of that ſee. The
members; and the officers are, two church-war ſite of it remains now only a burial place for the
dens, one of whom is collector for the poor. In inhabitants of this pariſh, whoſe veftry is ſelect,
this church is a peal of ten bells.
and has no more officers than two church-war-
Before the fire of London the parochial church
dens.
of St. Margaret was ſituate on the eaſt ſide of Some little way from the bridge, on the weſt
Fiſh-ſtreet-hill (ſo called from the number of ſide of this ward, oppoſite the Thames, ſtands
fiſhmongers which formerly inhabited this ſtreet ;
but now there is only one of that trade, or two FISH M ON G E R S H A L L.
at the moſt) on the ſpot where the monument now
ſtands, and dedicated to Margaret, a virgin, who
The front entrance to this hall is from Thamese
was beheaded for the chriſtian faith under the em ſtreet, by a handſome paſſage, that leads into a
large ſquare court, paved with flat ſtones, and en-
The patronage of this rectory appears to have compaffed by the great hall, the court room for
been in the abbot, and convent, and biſhop of the affiftants, and other grand apartments, with
Wincheſter, till queen Mary, by her letters pa galleries. Theſe are of an handſome conſtruction,
tent, in the year 1553, granted the fame to the and are ſupported by Ionic columns, with an ar-
biſhop of London, and his fucceffors, in whom cade. The back front, or that next the Thames,
it ſtill continues.
has a grand double flight of ſtone ſteps, which
The veſtry is general; and the pariſh officers lead to the firſt apartments from the wharf. The
are two churchwardens.
door is adorned with Ionic columns, and theſe
This pariſh being annexed to St. Magnus, || ſupport an open pediment, in which is a ſhield,
the two are valued together at 1701. in lieu of with the arms of the company. The windows
tythes.
are ornamented with ſtone caſes, and the quoins
On the ſite of St. Margaret's church now ſtands of the building are wrought with a handſome
the monument, which the reader will ſee fully ruſtic. Within is, the ſtatue of Sir William
deſcribed in page 253-4
Wallworth, knt. Fiſhmonger, who, when he was
At the ſouth weſt corner of Fenchurch-ftreet | Lord-mayor, New Wat Tyler. (See page 85.)
is ſituate the parochial church of
The company of fifhmongers, as well as other
perſons concerned in furniſhing the city with pro-
St. BENNETS GRASS-CHURCH, viſions, were anciently under the immediate direc-
tion of the court of Lord-mayor and aldermen,
So called from its dedication to St. Benedict, to whom this power was confirmed by an act of
and its vicinity to the graſs or herb market, which parliament in the ſeventh of Richard II. in the
was anciently kept before the weſt door of this year 1384. At that time the dealers of fiſh con-
church.
fiſted of two communities, viz. the ſtock fiſh-
It is a rectory, and in the gift of the canons of mongers and ſalt fiſhmongers; and both of them
6C
had
peror Decius.
40

470
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
no leſs than fix halls; two in Thames-ſtreet, two ter from king Henry VIII. in 1536, by which
in New Filh-ſtreet, and two in Old Fiſh-ftreet ; they were incorporated by the name of " the
and were in ſuch reputation for valuable mem " wardens and commonalty of the myſtery of
bers, that fix Lord-mayors were choſen out of fiſhmongers of the city of London.”
then in twenty-four years.
This is one of the twelve principal companies ;
The falt filhmongers were incorporated in the and is governed by a prime, five other wardens,
year 1433, but the ſtock fiſhmongers not till and a court of affiftants. It is a livery com-
1509. This feparation, however, proving pre pany, and the fourth on the liſt of the city cor-
judicial to both, they united, and obtained a char poration.
Of BRO A D-S TRE E T
W ARD.
T'
HIS ward takes its nanie from that part truſt. Theſe houſes however have been lately
of it called Old Broad-ſtreet, which be taken down to make way for the new exciſe
fore the fire of London, was accounted office.
one of the broadeſt ſtreets in the city.
On the weſt-ſide of this ſtreet, nearly oppoſite
It is bounded on the north and eaſt by Biſhopſ the back entrance of the South ſea-houſe, is
gate-ward, on the ſouth by Cornhill-ward and ſituate the pariſh of
Wallbrook-ward, and on the weſt by Coleman-
ſtreet ward: and extends from the eaſt corner of St. P E T ER LE POOR.
Helmet or Croſs keys court in Wormwood-ſtreet
in the north eaſt, to the iron grate over the com We cannot minutely account for che origin of
mon fewer, near the backgate of Bethlehem-hoſ this church; but that it is of ancient foundation
pital, in the north weſt, and from the eaſt corner is manifeſt from the ſtate thereof in 1181. It was
of Allhallows church, where New Broad-ſtreet dedicated to St. Peter, the apoſtle, and diſtin-
begins, in the north, to the iron grate over the guifhed from other churches of that name, by
common fewer, under the eaſt end of St. Mar the addition of le Poor, either from the builder's
garet's-church in Lothbury, in the ſouth weſt, name, or the poor ſtate of the pariſh at the time
and up pig-ſtreet, to the pump facing St. Bennet of its foundation.
Fink's church in the ſouth; and from the pump This church, which eſcaped the general confia
near the north eaſt corner of St. Martin Out gration in 1666, is ſuppoſed to have been rebuilt
wich's church-wall in Biſhopſgate-ftreet, in the in the year 1549. And in 1615 it was enlarged
ſouth eaſt, to ſcalding-alley in the Poultry, which with the left wing, at the fole expence of Sir
is the fouth-weſt extremity, including Thread William Garway, knt. who expended 400l. in
needle-ftreet, both ſides ;. Bartholomew-lane ; the improvement for the convenience of the
Princes-ftreet, almoſt as far as Catharine-court on pariſhioners. After which the pariſhioners, be-
the eaft ſide; both ſides of Lothbury, from the ing animated by this generous act, repaired and
grate eaſtward ; Throgmorton-ſtreet, Pig-ſtreet, beautified the whole church, new built the ſteeple
and Broad-ſtreet, both ſides; Wincheſter-ſtreet, and a good gallery at the weſt end, and new caft
Auguftine-friars, and Wormwood-ſtreet, as far and hung the bells, at the charge of 158-1.3
as Helmet-court in the eaft; and ſo much of It is a gothic ſtructure, but mean in itſelf; and
London wall as extends from the north weſt cor made more ſo by its untoward ſituation : one of
ner of Old Broad-ſtreet to the grate near Bethle its corners being thruſt as it were into the ſtreet,
hem back-gate, with the alleys and courts on the makes the ſtreet narrow, obſtructs the paſſage,
ſouth ſide, as far as Swan-alley in Little Bell-alley, and deſtroys the vifta. It is of very conſiderable
Coleman-ſtreet pariſh.
breadth in proportion to its length, viz. fifty
This ward is governed by an alderman, ten four feet long, and fifty-one broad ; the height
common-council-men, (one of whom is the al to the roof is no more than twenty-three feet,
derman's deputy) ten conſtables, thirteen inqueſt and the height of the tower and turret together
men, eight ſcavengers, and a beadle ; and is di. ſeventy five feet. The body is plain and unorna-
vided into ten precincts.
mented; the windows are very large ; and the
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward in that dial is fixed to a beam, that is joined at one end
ftreet which gave riſe to its name, viz. Old to a kind of turret, and extends acroſs the ftreet
Broad-ſtreet ; on the eaſt ſide of which food a like a country fign poft. The tower riſes ſquare,
ſet of alms-houſes, founded by Sir Thomas Gre without diminution, is ſtrengthened at the core
fham in the year 1575, for eight decayed poor ners with ruſtic; and upon this is placed a turret,
'men, citizens of London, which Sir Thomas which conſiſts of ſtrong piers at the corners arch-
endowed with fix pound, thirteen ſhillings and ed over, and covered with an open dome; whence
four pence per annum for each perſon, to be paid riſes a ball, with a fane.
quarterly out of the chamber of London ; a load The advowſon of this church, which is a rec-
of coals every year, and a gown once in two tory, appears to have been all along in the dean and
years. And the Lord-mayor and commonalty of || chapter of St. Paul's. The tythes at preſent amount
London were empowered to execute the ſaid to about 1301, a year ; and the other profics by
annual

HISTORY and SURVEY of LOND O N.
471
near.
annual donations ſettled upon the rector, are ſup was founded; but we have reaſon to ſuppoſe it
poſed to amount to near as much more.
was ſome time after the foundation of the priory
The veftry is general, and the pariſh officers of the Holy Trinity near Aldgate, in whoſe pa-
are, fix auditors of accounts, two church wardens tronage this church was originally, and who pre-
and two ſideſınen.
fented Thomas Richer de Saofton thereunto in
A little to the north of this church is a ſtreet the year 1335. At the diffolution of their reli-
known by the name of Auſtin-friars. On which gious houſes under king Henry VIII. this church
ſpot was a priory dedicated to St. Auguſtin, biſhop was, with the priory, unto which it belonged,
of Hippo in Africa, and founded for the Friars ſurrendered to the crown, in whom the advowſon
Eremites, of that order, in the year 1253, by
ſtill remains, the lord-chancellor or lord-keeper,
Humphrey Bohun, earl of Hereford and Effex. for the time being, preſenting thereunto.
Theſe eremites or friars, were of the mendicant The old church eſcaped the fire of London in
fort, and continued in the poffeffion of the place till 1666; but was become ſo ruinous, that in 1765
its diffolucion by king Henry VIII. who granted the pariſhioners obtained an act of parliament to
a great part of it to William Pawler, lord St. John, empower them to pull it down, together with the
afterwards marquis of Wincheſter ; ſince which parſonage-houſe, and to enable them to raiſe mo-
time the greateſt part has been pulled down, and
ney by annuities to rebuild the fame. This church,
many houſes built; bue a part of the old church which has been finiſhed ſome time, is built with
belonging to the priory is ſtill remaining. King
brick and ſtone ; and though plain, yet is very
Edward VI. granted all the church, except the
It is ſomewhat longer than the old church,
choir, to a congregation of Germans, and other and the parſonage houſe is built at the north eaſt
ſtrangers, who fed hither for the ſake of religion,
corner of the church-yard.
ordered it to be called the Temple of the Lord
The produce of this living is computed to be
Jeſus; and feveral ſucceſſive princes have con-
about 150l. per annum. The veftry is ſelect,
firmed it to the Dutch, by whom it is ſtill uſed
and formed of ſuch as have ſerved or fined for
as a place of divine worſhip.
|| church wardens and conſtables. And the pariſh
It is a large and ſpacious Gothic edifice, fup-
officers are two churchwardens, two overſeers of
ported by two rows of ſtone pillars. At the eaſt the poor, and two ſideſmen.
end are ſeveral ſteps, which lead to a large plat.
In a court on the ſouth ſide of the ſtreet called
form, on which is placed a long table with ſeats
London Wall, nearly oppoſite the eaſt end of
againſt the wall, and forms round, for the uſe of Bethlehem hoſpital, is ſituate.
the holy communion, and the windows on one
ſide have painted on them in ſeveral places, the
C A R P EN Í E RS H A L L.
word Jeſus Temple. On the weſt end over the
ſcreen is a library thus inſcribed, Ecclefiæ Londino
This building, though very old, and compoſed
Belgica, Bibliotheca, extru&ta fumptibus Mariæ
of timber and plaiſter, is not without its beauty
Dubois 1659, It contains ſeveral valuable manu-
and peculiar ornaments; and it enjoys an agree-
ſcripts, among which are the letters of Calvin,
able proſpect into drapers gardens, which lie to-
Peter Martyr, and other foreign reformers.
wards the fouth. :o
This church is now called the Dutch church in
This fraternity, which is very ancient, was in-
Auſtin Friars ; and is ſerved by two miniſters,
corporated by king Edward III. in the yearı 344,
who preach twice every Sunday, and once in the
with power to make by-laws. It is now governed
week. They adminifter the facrament on the laſt
by a maſter, three wardens, and a court of affift-
Sunday of every month; and exchange churches
ants ; and has a livery.
At the ſouth eaſt corner of Great Wincheſter-
every firſt Sunday in the month with the Walloon
ſtreet is
congregation, for their adminiſtration of the Eu-
chariſt, their own church in Threadneedle-ſtreet
being too ſmall for them. The miniſters have
PINNERS OR PINMAKERS HALL.
good ſalaries, and the church provides a ſufficient
fubfiftence for their widows.
This hall is principally uſed as a meeting-houſe
In 1704 this Dutch congregation in Auguſtin- || for independents and anabaptiſts'; and is the
friars, built at their common charge, in Middle only meeting-houſe in London where the audi-
Moorfields, a handſome alms-houſe, containing
ence are not Calviniſts. The independents meet
twenty-fix rooms, for maintaining their poor
on the Sunday morning ; and the anabaptiſts on
men ,or women, and a room for the elders and the Sunday afternoon.
deacons of their church to meet weekly upon
This company was incorporated by king
buſineſs, and to pay the alms people, who re-
Charles I. in the year 1636 ; and are governed
ceive more or leſs, as their neceſſities may re-
by a maſter, two wardens, and a court of affiſta
quire. The whole charge of their poor is com-
ants : but have not a livery.
puted at 12001. per annum, part of which is This end of Wincheſter-ſtreet leads us into Old
collected after fermon every Sunday, &c, at the
Broad-ftreet, and terminates on the north ſide
church door.
with
A little to the eaſt of Bethlehem hoſpital is
ſituate the parochial church of
THE PAY OFFICE. ETI
000
ALL HALLOWS, LONDON-Wall,
This office, whoſe front is in Old Broad-ſtreet,
is kept in a large houſe, part of the remains of
the marquis of Wincheſter's manhon-houſe, called
Wincheſter-
It does not ſufficiently appear when this church

472
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Wincheſter-place. It is under the direction of a kot. ſometime Lord-mayor of London. The
treaſurer and paymaſter, who pay for all the ſtores ſouth end of this gallery leads into the apart-
uſed in the royal navy, and the wages of thoſe ments alloted to the clerk, which are very com-
that fail in his majeſty's ſervice. The treaſurer's modious and elegant, with offices below for the
ſalary is 2000l. per annum; and the paymaſter, tranſacting of buſineſs. And theſe apartments,
who is alſo accomptant, has 500l. a year: under with the accommodation for the upper porter,
this laſt are eight clerks who attend the payment fill up the whole front of this noble building.
of wages ; three who have eighty pounds a year; Ai the north-weſt angle of this quadrangle
and five who have forty pounds a year each ; be there is a paved paſſage to the gardens belonging
fides two extra clerks who have each 50l. a year. to this hall. Over this paſſage, upon an arch
There are alſo five clerks for paying bills in courſe, built of brick and ſtone, is a ſtrong rooin, co-
and writing ledgers, viz. three who have eighty || vered with a large back or ciftern of water. This
pounds a year; and two who have only forty is the record room, where the company keep their
pounds a year each; beſides an extra clerk who writings, books, and papers; and their place,
has 50l. a year.
which for quantity and workmanſhip, is ſaid to
In this office there is likewiſe a caſhier of the exceed all the ſervices of plate in other compa-
victualling, who has a ſalary of 150l. per annum, nies. The gardens, which are pleaſant and com-
and has three clerks under him; one of 7ol. one modious, are open every day except Sundays and
of 5ol. and one of 4ol. a year.
wet days, for the recreation of all perfons de-
Not far from this is Wormwood-ſtreet, incently dreſſed. The ground which they occupy is
which are a ſet of alms-houſes for twelve poor very near upon a Square : the middle is inclofed
women, founded by Mr. Kemp, and endowed with iron rails, and laid out in graſs beds, gravel
with one ſhilling per week, with other per walks and borders of flowers, with a ſtatue of
quiſites.
Flora in the center. Without the rails are fine
From this ſtreet we return back to Throgmor-ſpacious walks, kept in good order, and agree-
ton-ftreet, on the north ſide of which is ſituate ably ſhaded with rows of lime trees. At the
ſouth weſt corner is a very handſome pavilion for
DR A PERS H A L L.
the accommodation of company in hot weather,
when tired with walking: and near the north eaſt
This is a ſpacious and noble edifice, built upon angle is a very commodious houſe for the uſe of
the ruins of a palace erected on that ſpot by Tho the upper beadle of the company. The north
mas lord Cromwell in the reign of king Henry ſide lies open to carpenters hall; and at the ſouth
VIII. which, being forfeited to the crown by his eaſt angle there is a privy garden, incloſed with
attainder and execution for high treaſon, was pur walls ; on the ſouth ſide of which, under the
chaſed by the company of drapers, who converted ladies chamber, is a private room elegantly fur-
it into a hall for tranſacting the buſineſs of their || niſhed, where the managers, or ruling part of the
corporation : and that building being deſtroyed company, hold their ſecret committees, or pre-
in the fire of London, the drapers company built vious meetings, before matters are repreſented to
the preſent hall, which is a moſt elegant building, a general court.
compoſing the four ſides of a quadrangle, each of This company was an ancient ſociety or guild,
which is elevated on columns, and adorned with devoted and dedicated to the Virgin Mary; and
arches, formed in a piazza round a ſquare court ; was incorporated by letters patent of Henry VI.
and between each arch is a ſhield mantling and A. D. 1439, by the ſtile and title of " the maſter,
other fretwork. On the eaſt ſide is the common “ wardens, brethren and ſiſters of the guild or
hall, to which you aſcend by a grand ſtair-caſe; “ fraternity of the Bleſſed Mary the Virgin,
and within it is adorned with a ſtately ſcreen and “ of the myſtery of drapers of the city of
fine wainſcot. On the ſcreen between the two
66 London."
doors, hangs the picture, a three quarters length This is the third of the twelve principal com-
of Henry Fitz-Alwyn, a draper, and the firſt panies, and is governed by a maſter, four war-
Lord-mayor of London. At the north end of dens and a court of aſſiſtants. They have very
this room are the pictures, at full length, and as large eſtates, and pay to charitable uſes about four
big as life, of king William III. king George I. thouſand pounds per annum.
and king George II, in their royal robes.
Near the ſouth end of Princes, ſtreet, on the
At the north weſt angle of this room a door north ſide of Threadneedle-ſtreet, is ſituate the
opens into another called the court room, richly | parochial church of
wainſcoted and furniſhed; at the eaſt end of
which hangs an original picture of Mary queen of
St, CHRIS T O P H E R.
Scots, at full length, with her infant fon, king
James I. in her hand. From this court room This church, which is a rectory, was founded
another door, at the weſt end, opens into a large || by the noble family of the Nevils about the year
gallery, at the north end of which a folding faſh 1368, and dedicated to St. Chriſtopher, a con-
door opens into a ground ſquare rooom called the vert from paganiſm, and martyr for the chriſtian
ladies chamber; in which, formerly, the com faith under Decius the emperor. It was rebuilt
pany treated their wives and friends with a ball. of ſtone in 1506 in its preſent form, except the
In the center of this room hangs a large and inſide, which was entirely conſumed by the fire
beautiful chandalier of cut glaſs, preſented to the in 1666. The body is well enlightened, and the
company by Sir Joſeph Eyles, knt. and over the tower is crowned with four handſome pinnacles.
chimney is a fine picture of Sir Robert Clayton, The patronage of this church has been in the
bifhop

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London !
WAN
RI
UNUN
TRE
LE
IMA
Adam Smith Sculp
J. Malton deline
Cat
ST CHRISTOPHER's Church, The BANK of England & STBARTHOLOMEW's Church
ele Threadneedle Streetle

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
473
per cent.
biſhop of London for upwards of three hundred tended, that when finiſhed it will in all probabia
years; and the rector beſides other advantages, || lity be the moſt magnificent building of a public
receives 120l. a year in lieu of rithes.
nature in the whole univerſe:
Here are two pious foundations: one by Mr.John The bank was eſtabliſhed by act of parliament
Kendrick, citizen and draper, who left lands to in the year 1693, under the name of « the goa
the drapers company to pay 20l. per annum for vernor and company of the Bank of England,"
tver to the curate of this church, to read divine in conſideration of 1,200,000l. lent to the go-
ſervice in the ſaid pariſh-church at ſix o'clock in vernment by the ſubſcribers, at the rate of eight
the morning every day in the week, except Sun-
days; with fifty ſhillings per annum to the clerk; This company is now under the direction of a
the like to the fexton; and five pounds to the governor, deputy governor, and twenty four
churchwardens yearly for ever, for the ſupport directors, who are annually elected at a general
of lights in the winter. The other was founded court by ballot. Thirteen make a court of di-
by Mr. Benedict Harlewing, who gave certain rectors for managing the affairs of the company.
houſes in Fleet-ſtreet to this pariſh, on condition And if the governor and deputy governor ſhould
they ſhould pay, out of their rent 20l. per annum be abſent two hours after the uſual time of pro-
to the curate, for reading prayers every day in the ceeding to buſineſs, the directors may chuſe a
week, Sundays excepted, at fix o'clock in the chairman by majority ; all whoſe acts are equally
evening
valid, as if the governor and deputy governor had
The veſtry is general, and the pariſh officers been preſent.
are, two churchwardens and overſeers, and two
ſideſtnen.
The privileges of this bank are,
A little to the eaft of this church ſtands
1. Their ſealed notes were by law made tranſ-
ferable by indorſement.
The BANK OF ENGLAND. 2. They have power to purchaſe lands, (except
thoſe of the crown) and to receive goods as a
This is a ſtone building, the front of which next fecurity for money lent, to buy gold or ſilver
Threadneedle itreer is about eighty-feer in length, bullion, and to ſell goods, &c. forfeited to
of the Ionic order, raiſed on a ruſtic baſement, in a then.
good ſtile. Through this front is a grand gate 3. Their ſtock ſhall not be taxable in any
that opens into the court yard, and leads into the caſe.
great hall. This is of the Corinthian order, with
4. They may negotiate bills of exchange, and
a pediment in the middle. The top of the build receive or take them for other bills or caſh.
ing is adorned with a baluſtrade and handſome 5. The government was to give them a year's
vaſes, and in the face of the above pediment is notice upon paying them back their 1,200,000l.
engraved in relievo the company's ſeal, viz. 6. To counterfeit their notes was made felony.
Britannia ficting with her ſhield and ſpear, and at 7. No perſon dealing in this ſtock could be a
her feet a cornucopia pouring out fruit. The hall bankrupt thereby, nor the ſtock liable to foreign
within this building is ſeventy-nine feet long, and attachment.
forty feet broad, wainſcoted about eight feet high, 8. During the continuance of this bank, the
with a fine fretwork ceiling, and is adorned with time for which was enlarged, no other bank ſhall
the ſtatue of king William III, in a nich at the be erected by parliamentary authority.
upper end. On the pedeſtal of the ſtatue is a
latin inſcription, the tranſlation of which the The transfer days of the Bank have been va-
reader will find in page 297.
rious times altered, but at preſent they are as fol-
Behind this is another quadrangle, with an ar lows:
cade on the eaſt and weſt ſides thereof: and on
the north ſide is the accomptant's office, which Bank Stock-Tueſday, Thurſday and Friday.
is ſixty feet long and twenty-eight feet broad. 4 per cent. conſolidated annuities-- Tueſday,
Over this and the other ſides of the quadrangle Wedneſday, Thurſday and Friday.
are handſome apartments, with a fine ſtair-caſe,
3 per cent. conſolidated
ditto
adorned with fretwork ; and under it are large
3 per cent reduced
vaults, with ſtrong walls and iron gates, for the 3 per cent. 1726-Wedneſday and Saturday.
preſervation of the caſh.
31 per cent. 1756– Tueſday and Thurſday.
Very conſiderable additions having been lately 31 per cent. 1758-Monday, Wedneſday and
made to this noble edifice, and a new ſtreer is Friday.
opened before it, which ſhews the front to great Long annuities----Wedneſday and Saturday.
advantage. This ſtreet which leads from the
bank gare into Cornhill, conſiſts of no more than The hours of transfer are from eleven to one;
one large building on each fide, made of brick
and the hours of payment of dividends from
and ſtone, and uniform, to ſerve for public offi nine to eleven, and one to three, except on the
The old offices next St. Bartholomew-lane || following holidays, which are equally obſerved
have been taken down, and new ones erected in at all other public offices.
their ſtead; as have likewiſe all the houſes from
the eaſt ſide of the bank, now buile to Bartholo-
January.
25. St. Paul.
mew-lane, and down thar lane within fifty feet 1. New Year's Day. 30. King Charles's mar-
of Lothbury. In ſhort ſuch extenſive improve 6. Epiphany.
tyrdom.
ments have been already made, and others ftill in 18. Q. Charlottee born.
6 D
February
1
}
ces.
40

474
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
more.
D. kept.
February
Auguſt. houſe, into the hands of the crown, in whom it
12. P. of Wales born. has continued to the preſent time. The value of
2. Purification of Vir- 24. St. Bartholomew. the living, as ſettled by act of parliament, in lieu
gin Mary.
of tythes, is no more than 100l. per annum: but
24. St. Matthias.
September the value of the glebe, &c. is computed at 300l.
2. Fire of London.
March.
21. St. Matthew.
The veſtry is general, and the pariſh officers
25. Lady Day. 22. King George III. are, two church-wardens, and five auditors of
coronation.
accounts, beſides the common-council-men.
April.
29. St. Michael.
Here is founded a Tueſday's lecture, endowed
23. St. George.
at 70l. per annum, paid by the company of ha-
25. St. Mark.
October.
berdaſhers. One upon Wedneſdays, at 20l. per
18. St. Luke
annum, paid by the church-wardens for the pa.
May. 25. King George III. riſh. Another upon Fridays, at 251. only for
1. St. Philip and Ja Inaug.
three quarters of a year, paid by the mercers
cob.
28. St. Simon and Jude. company.
Another at 121, per annum, on the
19. Q. Charlotte birth
laſt Saturday of every month, paid alſo by the
November
mercers; beſides the donation of James Wilford,
21. King Charles II. re. 1. All Saints.
ſheriff, in 1499, who appointed by his will, a
ſtoration.
4. King William born. doctor of divinity, every Good-Friday, for ever,
5. Gunpowder treaſon. to preach a ſermon in the evening at chis church,
June.
9. Lord-mayor's Day. on the paiſion of our Saviour.
4. King George III. 30. St. Andrew.
A little eaſtward from the Royal Exchange, on
born.
the ſouth ſide of Threadneedle-ftreet, is fituate
11. Sr. Barnabas.
December
the church of
24. St. John Baptiſt. 21. St. Thomas.
29. St. Peter and Paul. 25. Chriſtmas day.
St. BENNET FIN K.
26. St. Stephen.
July
27. St. John.
This is a curacy, and ſo denominated from its
25. St. James.
28. St. Innocents.
dedication to St. Benedict, an Icalian ſaint, and
founder of the order of Benedictine monks ;
Moveable Holidays.
and it received the addition of Fink from its re-
Shrove Tueſday Afcenfion-day.
builder, Robert Fink. It is of ancient founda-
Aſh Wedneſday. Whit. Monday
tion, and was originally a rectory, John de Aneſty
Good Friday.
Tueſday.
being collared rector thereof before the year 1323.
Eaſter Monday.
Wedneſday. The patronage of this church, which was anci-
Tueſday. Fafts, and
ently in the family of the Nevils, falling to the
Wedneiday. Thankſgiving days. crown, king Edward IV. gave it to the dean and
chapter of Windſor; and the impropriation be-
This account is taken from a corre Et copy at the ing in the faid dean and chapter, it is ſupplied
Bank, in the month of October, 1769.
by one of the canons of Windſor, or fuch as
they ſhall appoint, to be licenſed by the biſhop of
At the ſouth eaſt corner of St. Bartholomew London.
lane, ftands the pariſh church of
The old church being deſtroyed by the fire in
1666, the preſent ſtructure was erected in 1673.
St. BARTHOLOMEW, Exchanges The body is of an irregular form, enlightened
by large arched windows, which reach to the
So called from its dedication to St. Bartholo roof. This is encompaſſed with a baluſtrade,
mew the Apoſtle, and its ſituation near the Royal and crowned with a lanthorn: a dome rifes upon
Exchange.
the whole extent of the tower, and on its top riſes
This church is of great antiquity; for it was
founded before the year 1331, when John de The church-yard was given for a free burial-
Tyerne was preſented to the living, on the death place, without any charge to the pariſhioners
of John de Aldeburgh, the rector ; and, it was who uſe it. The veſtry is general, and the pa-
become ſo decayed in 1438, as to require re riſh officers are, iwɔ church.wardens, and thir-
building.
teen auditors of accounts.
The old church being conſumed in the general The curacy is rated by act of parliament, at
conflagration in 1666, the preſent ſtructure aroſe iool. in lieu of cythes; beſides which, there
in its place, and conſiſts of a very irregular body, is a conſiderable glebe worth near iool. per an-
with a tower crowned with arches, ſupported by
columns of ihe Corinthian order.
Near the ſouth-ſide of Pig-ſtreet, on the north-
The living, at the time of the reformation, ſide of Threadneedle-ſtreet, ftands the French
being in the gift of the abbey of Sc. Mary of and Walloon proteſtant church, founded upon
Grace, fell, with the diffolution of that religious the ruins of the hoſpical of St. Anthony
*
had
å turret.
num more.
, which
* Among other accounts of this hoſpital, a former writer
ays, he could remember, that the overſeers of the markets in
this city, would take a ſtarved pig from the market people,
and having flit its ear, would give it to this hoſpital ; and that
the

OUTOCOLLOWITET
Engraved for Chamberlains History of London,
s
II & I
12
WOULUTATU
SESSEE
1
1
VIEW of the South SEA HOUSE.
SEE
A. J mith vulpte
VIEW of the EAST INDIA HOUSE.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON. .
475
is a
had been a Jew ſynagogue, built about the year
St. MARTIN's OUTWIC H.
1231, and converted into a church, dedicated to
the Virgin Mary. This hoſpital flouriſhed, raiſed This church was dedicated to St. Martin, bi-
a large free-ſchool, and built alms-houfes at the ſhop of Tours in France, about the year 376,
weft-end of the church for poor men. Its demo and receives the addition of Outwich from two
lition is attributed to one Johofon, a ſchool-maf brothers of that name, who were ſome time pro-
ter, who becoming a prebendary of Windſor, prietors chereof. The earl of Surry preſented to
firſt diſſolved the choir, chen conveyed away the the living in the year 1325: but he dying with-
plate and ornaments, then the bells; and laſtly, out iſſue, and leaving his eſtates to the crown,
turned the poor out of the alms-houſes, let out the advowſon was purchaſed in 1387 by William
the premiſes for rent, and the church for a place and John Otewich, who, by licence of king
of worſhip to the French proteſtants, who hold Henry IV. in the ſixth year of his reign, gave the
it of the dean and chapter of Windſor to this day. advowſon of this church, four meſſuages, and
They perform divine ſervice in the French tongue,
ſeventeen ſhops, with the appurtenances, in the
after the manner of the church of England. ſaid pariſh, to the maſter and wardens of the
The old building being entirely deſtroyed by taylors and linen armorers (now the company of
the fire of London, the preſent church was erect- Merchant Taylors) and to their fucceffors, in
ed, at the ſole expence of the French proteſtants. | perpetual alms, to be employed for the help and
It is a ſmall, but neat place of worſhip, with a relief of the poor brethren and ſiſters of the ſaid
convenient veſtry at the fouth-eaſt corner. They company; by virtue of which grant the Mer-
have alms-houſes, containing apartments for forty- || chant-Taylors have the right of patronage. The
five
poor men and women, who are allowed two additional epithet of Otewich or Ourwich, mighty
ſhillings and threepence, and a buſhel of coals in all probability, have been given by the above
every week, and apparel every other year. They company, in grateful commemoration of their
maintain their own poor, and their church is go great and generous benefactors.
verned by a miniſter, elders and deacons.
This church, which was rebuilt about the year
Atthe ſouth-eaſt corner of Threadneedle-ſtreet, 1540, is one of the few that eſcaped the fire in
a ſpacious building, called
1666. It is an old gothic ſtructure, of the meaner
ſtyle, fixty-ſix feet long, and forty-two broad;
MERCHANT-TAYLORS HALL. the height of the roof thirty-one feet, and the
height of the ſteeple fixty-five feet. The body
In the front of this hall, is a large handſome is of brick, ſtrengthened at the corners by a
door-caſe, adorned with two demi.columns, whoſe maffy ruſtic. The windows, which are large,
entablature and pediment are of the Compoſite are of the coarſe gothic kind, and the top is ſur-
order. The inſide is furniſhed with tapeſtry, rounded with plain ſquare battlements. From
containing the hiſtory of their patron, John Bap the tower rifes a turret that is open, arched, and
tiſt, and cho'theſe hangings are old, they are cu ſupported by four piers; and from the dome riſes
rious and valuable. The great hall is ſo capacious,
a fane. This church received ſo much damage
that it is better adapted for the reception of nu by the fire in Biſhopſgate-ſtreet in 1765, that the
merous aſſemblies, than any other in the city, turret, dome and fane were entirely rebuilt : they
and is generally uſed for ſuch purpoſes.
are of the ſame principle as before, though the
This company, antiently denominated “ Tay workmanſhip is rather more modern.
« lors and Linen Armorers," was incorporated The living of this church, which is a rectory,
by letters patent, of the 5th of Edward IV. in including the parſonage-houſe, is not allowed to
the year 1466: but many of the members of the be more than 12ol. per annum, except the fees,
company, being great merchants, and Henry VII. The veftry is general ; and the pariſh officers
a member thereof, he, by letters patent, of the are two church-wardens.
18ch of his reign, A. D. 1503, re incorporated Oppoſite to this church, at the north eaſt cor-
the ſame, by the name of “ The maſter and war ner of Threadneedle-ſtreet, is ſituace
“ dens of the Merchant-Taylors, of the frater.
nity of St. John the Baptiſt, in the city of The SOUTH-SEA-HOUSE.
“ London.” They are governed by a maſter,
four wardens, and a court of affiftants. Their This building, in which the company's affairs
livery is very numerous, and their eſtates are very are now tranſacted, is a magnificent ſtructure of
conſiderable ; out of which they pay co charita || brick and ſtone, about a quadrangle, ſupported
ble uſes, purſuant to the wills of the reſpective || by ſtone pillars of the Tuſcan order, which form
donors, about two thouſand pounds per an a fine piazza. The front in Threadneedle-ſtreet
is beautiful, and of the Doric order. The walls
At the ſouth eaſt angle of Threadneedle ſtreet, are of a great thickneſs, and the ſeveral offices
and partly in Biſhopſgate-ſtreer, is ſituate the pa admirably difpoſed. The back front, which
rochial church of
runs as far as Old Broad ſtreet, facing the church
of
66
num,
the proctors of St. Anthony's, having turned it out into the
ſtreets, with a bell about its neck, the pig might 'range
about the city without danger. If any perſon gave it bread,
or other feeding, the ſubtle creature would watch him, and
whine after him for more: from whence aroſe the proverb,
that, " he follows me like a Tancony, or St. Anthony's
“ pig." But he adds, when any of theſe pigs became fit
for the ſpit, the proctor took them up for the uſe of the hof-
pital.

476
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
65
of St. Peter le Poor, was formerly the Exciſe the coaſt of Greenland. At this time, however,
office; then the South-Sea company's office; they have no trade : they only receive intereſt for
and at this time known by the name of the Old their capital, which is in the hands of the go-
South-ſea houſe.
vernment, and alſo 8oool. a year out of the trea-
The origin of the South-fea company is as fol ſury, towards the expence attending the manage
Jows: In the glorious and ſucceſsful war againſt ment of their affairs.
France, in the reign of queen Anne, the ſeamen The buſineſs of this company is managed by
employed in the royal navy had tickets granted a governor, ſub-governor, deputy-governor, and
them inſtead of caſh ; which they were frequently twenty-one directors, annually cholen before the
obliged to get diſcounted at 401. and ſometimes ſixth of February, by a majority of votes. Such
501. per cent. to avaricious men, who taking ad members of the company as have 1oool. in the
vantage of their neceflities, amaſſed very confi capital ſtock in their own names, having one vote;
derable fortunes.
ſuch as have 3000l. two votes ; ſuch as have
The debe due from the government upon this 5oool. three votes; and ſuch as have 10,0oola
and other accounts, unprovided for by parlia ftock or more, four yotes, and none above : bue
ment, amounted to 9,177,9671. 15s. 4d. and no perſon can be governor, ſub-governor, depu-
theſe people taking it into their hands, were in ty-governor, or director, while he is governor, de-
corporated by act of parliament in the year 1710. puty-governor, or director of the Bank of Eng-
The following year che company, after the dif land.
charge of the debe due to them from the govern The hours of payment of dividends are from
meni, was made perpetual; and her majefty in nine o'clock to twelve, and the hour of transfer
corporated then by the nanie of “ The governor from twelve to one.
and company of merchants of Great Britain The days of transferring South-ſea ſtock are,
trading to the South feas and other parts of Monday, Wedneſday and Friday.
“ America, and for encouraging the fiſhery." Old Annuities, ditto.
And in 1714, they lending the government an New Annuities, Tueſday, Thurſday and Sa-.
additional ſum of 822,0321. 4s. 8d. the capital curday.
of the company was, by act of parliament, en 3 per cent. 1751, Tueſday and Thurſday. Ex-
larged to ten millions; for which the members cept on holidays, which are the ſame as at the
received fix per cent. intereſt, or 600,000l. per Bank.
annum. But in 1720, an act of parliament was On the north ſide of Throgmorton-ſtreet, near-
paſſed, by which the company were granted the ly oppoſite Bartholomew lane, is the chief office
ſole privilege of trading to the South ſeas within for the Penny Poſt, which, before the enlarge-
certain limits, and enabled to increaſe their capi ment of the Bank, was kept in St. Chriſtopher's
tal, by redeeming ſeveral of the public debts ; church-yard.
but by the arts uſed on this occaſion by fome in This office is under the direction of the poſt-
power, the capital ſtock of the company was maſters general; who appoint a comptroller, ac-
raiſed to 33,543,263). By this iniquitous ſcheme comptant, receiver and comptroller's clerk and
many wealthy perſons lost their eſtates, and others meſſengers. There are fix forters, and eight ſub-
acquired immenſe fortunes; and a conſiderable forters of the letters, ſeventy-four meſſengers, or
number of the directors were obliged by parlia lecter carriers, and 334 houſes within the bills of
ment to refund their ill-gotten treaſures. (See mortality for receiving or taking in letters ;
p. 282, 283.)
which are divided amongſt the fix following ofan
This company, however, was not diſſolved; fices :
and in the year 1733, it was enacted by parlia.
ment, that the capital ſtock of the South-ſea com 1. The general office in Throgmorton-ſtreet,
pany, which then amounted to 14,651,1031. 8s. 2. The corner of Bull-head court, Newgate-
id. and the ſhares of the reſpective proprietors, || ſtreet.
ſhould be divided into four equal parts: three 3. At Lincoln's-Inn.
fourths of which ſhould be converted into a joint 4. In Weſtminſter.
ftock, attended with annuities after the rate', of 5. In King.ſtreet, Little Tower-hill.
four per cent. till redemption by parliament; 6. In St. Mary Overies, Southwark.
and ſhould be called the New South-ſea annuities:
and the other fourth part ſhould remain in the Each of theſe has a number of villages and
company as a trading capital ſtock, attended with places under its particular direction : from and
the reſidue of the annuities or funds, payable at to the moſt diftant of which letters are carried and
the exchequer to the company till redemption. returned at leaſt once in the day.
It is neceſſary to obſerve with reſpect to this This uſeful method of circulating letters in,
company, that, notwithſtanding the terms of and ten miles round the metropolis, was project-
their charter, they have never carried on any con ed by one David Murray, an Upholder, in Pater-
fiderable trade. Indeed, by the afliento contract nofter-Row, in the year 1683, who communicat-
they had, for ſome years, the privilege of fur ed the ſcheme to Mr. William Dockwra, who cara
niſhing the Spaniards with negro Naves for their ried it on for ſome time with great ſucceſs, till
mines and plantations in America, and of fending || the government laid claim to it as a royal prero-
a large ſhip annually, with European goods, con gative; Dockwra was obliged to ſubmit, and in
fiſting chiefly of our woollen manufactures, to return had a penſion allowed him by the king of
the Spaniſh Weft Indies ; and for nine years they two hundred pounds per annum, during his
annnually ſent a ſmall number of ſhips to fiſh on life.
IC

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
477
ounces.
It was erected to carry any parcel of paper un late act of parliament che weight of the parcels
der one pound within a certain circuit for one to be ſent by penny-poft is reduced to four
penny, to be paid by the perſon that ſent it: but
in length of time it has been ſo managed as to We ſhall conclude the account of this ward
oblige the party to whom the letter or parcel is with mention of a free-ſchool belonging to it for
directed or delivered, to pay one penny alſo, if the education of fifty boys and thirty girls, ſituate
that party happens to live out of the bounds of | oppoſite the Back-gate of Bethlehem Hoſpital.
London, Weſtminſter, or their ſuburbs and liber The houſe was rebuilt in 1763, and the charity
ties, or ouc of the Borough of Southwark. And by \l is ſupported by private ſubſcription.
CHAPTER VIII.
Of CANDLE WICK WARD.
T
HIS ward takes its name from a ſtreet
formerly called Candlewick, or Candle-
wright-ſtreet (now Canon-ſtreet) which
was principally inhabited by candle-wrights, or
candle-makers, both in tallow and wax. It is
bounded on the eaſt by Bridge-ward, on the ſouth
by Bridge and Dowgate wards; on the north by
Langbourn-ward; and on the weſt by Dowgate
and Wallbrook wards.
Though this ward is but ſmall, yet it is divided
into ſeven precincts; and is governed by an al-
derman, eight common-council-men, (of whom
one is the alderman's deputy) ſeven conſtables,
thirteen inqueſt men, ſeven ſcavengers and a
beadle.
Great Eaſtcheap, * which is a principal ſtreet
in this ward, begins at the top of Fiſh-ſtreet-hill,
and runs weſtward to the end of Clements-lane,
where Canon-ſtreet begins. On the ſouth ſide of
this ſtreet ſtands the Boar's-head tavern, ac-
counted the oldeſt in London, and the houſe in
which Shakeſpear laid ſome of the ſcenes of his
Henry IV, where he introduces prince Henry and
his companions. And at the upper end of
Maidenhead-court is a baptiſt meeting-houſe.
Not far from this ſtreer is St. Michael's-lane, on
the eaſt ſide of which ſtands the pariſh church of
St. MICHAEL, CROOKED LANE.
So called from its dedication to St. Michael,
and its vicinity to the above lane.
This church is of ancient foundation, as ap-
pears by John de Borham, who was rector there-
of in the year 1304 : at which time it was a very
ordinary ſmall building, and ſtood amidſt lay-
ſtalls and Naughter-grounds uſed by the butchers
of Eaſtcheap-market. But in 1366 John Love-
40
ken or Loufken, four times Lord-mayor of Lon-
don, obtained a grant of the ground where the
lay-ſtalls were, and built a handſome and capaci-
ous church thereon. This church received conſie
derable additions from Sir William Walworth,
Lord-mayor, who likewiſe founded a college
for a maſter and nine prieſts ; ſettled his own
new built houſe adjoining to the church for an
habitation of the ſaid maſter and chaplains, or
prieſts, for ever, and was buried in the north cha-
pel by the choir.
This church, however, being entirely deſtroyed
by the great conflagration in 1.666, the preſent
edifice aroſe in its ſtead. It is a plain ſtructure
built with ſtone, and enlightened by a ſeries of
large arched Windows. The Tower, which is at
the weſt end, is carried ſquare to a conſiderable
height, and the upper-moft window in the center
of each face, is ornamented with a head, and
handſome feſtoons. From hence, inſtead of a
baluſtrade, is a range of open work of the Gothic
kind, with vaſes at the corners. From within
this part the tower riſes circular, diminiſhing
in three ſtages, with an open buttreſs riſing from
each corner of the ſquare tower, to the top of
the firſt ſtage; from this buttreſs riſes a large
fcroll to the top of the ſecond, and a ſmaller to
the top of the third ſtage, above which riſes a
kind of ſhort round fpire of a peculiar kind; it
ſwells out at the bottom, and then rounding off
riſes to a ſmall height, where it is terminated by
a gilt ball and fane.
The patronage of this church was anciently in
the prior and convent of Canterbury, in whom it
continued till the year 1408, ſince which time it
has been in the archbiſhops of that fee, and is
6 E
one
* This ſtreet originally took its name from a market kept
there, to ſerve the eaſt part of the city; which was after-
wards removed to Leadenhall-ſquare. And by the early ac-
count we have of Eaſtcheap-market, and its vicinity to the
ferry, or Roman trajectus, over the Thames, we have great
reaſon to ſuppoſe this to be the firſt, or one of the firſt mar-
kets in London, even of a Roman date. In which ſtate it
continued for many ages, eſpecially for vi&tuals; as may
be
collected from the following ſong, called London Lickpenny,
made by Lidgate, a monk of Bury, in the reign of Henry V.
in the perſon of a countryman coming to London, and tra.
velling through the ſame. In Weſtcheap (faith the ſong)
he was called on to buy fine lawn, Paris thread, cotton umble,
and other linen cloths, and ſuch like; but not a word of filks.
In Cornhill, to buy old apparel, and houſhold ſtuff, where he was
forced to buy his own hood which he had loft in Weſtminſter-hall.
In Candlewright-ftreet, drapers profered him cheap cloth. In
Eaſtcheap, the cooks cried, hot ribs of beef roaſted, pieces well
baked, and other victuals. There was claitering of pots, harp,
pipe and ſawtrie ; yea by cock, nay by cock, for other greater
oaths were fpared. Some ſang of Jenkin and Julian, &c.
all which melody liked well the paſſenger, but he wanted
money to abide by it, and therefore got him into a Graveſend
barge and home into Kent.

478
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
the poor.
the poor.
one of the thirteen peculiars in this city belonging The pariſh of St. Martin's Orgar is a rectory,
to Canterbury. The rector, in conformity to an the church whereof (before the fire of London)
act of parliament granted in the reign of king ſtood on the eaſt ſide of St. Martin's-lane, near
Charles II. receives, beſides his other profits, | Canon-ſtreer; and is ſo denominated from its de
100l. per annum in lieu of tythes
dication to St. Marcin aforeſaid : and the ad.
The veftry is general; and the pariſh officers ditional epithet of Orgars is a corruption of Oda
are, two cherchwardens, and two collectors for
garus, or Ordgarus, who was the founder and
patron thereof, who granted the ſame to the dean
Among the ſeveral monuments in this church and canons of St. Paul's about the year 1181.
is that of Sir William Walworili, who New War From which time the advowſon has continued in
Tyler; (ſee page 85,) the inſcription on which is the ſaid dean and chapter.
as follows:
Since this pariſh has been united to St. Cle-
ment's Eaſtcheap, the ſite of the church is made
Here under lyth a man of fame,
a burial place for the pariſhioners. Part of the
William Walworth callyd by name;
ſteeple, however, remains, in which is a dial
Fiſhmonger he was in life-time here,
projecting into the ſtreet; and part of the nave
And ewife Lord-mayor as in bookes appere; alſo being found repairable, a body of French
Who with courage ftout and manly might, proteſtants, in communion with the epiſcopal
Slew Wat Tyler in king Richard's fight; church of England, obtained a leaſe of the tower
For which act done, and trew intent,
and ruinous nave from the miniſter and church-
The king made him knight incontinent : wardens, and got it confirmed by parliament:
And gave him armes, as here may fee,
in purſuance of which the purchaſers erected a
To declare his fact and chivalrie.
church for their own uſe; in which they continue
He left this life the yere of our God,
to perform divine ſervice according to the rights
Thirteene hundryd fourſcore and three od. of the church of England. The veftry is gene-
ral; and the pariſh officers are, five auditors of
Here is alſo a monument erected to the me. accompts, two churchwardens, and a collector for
mory of queen Elizabeth; and the following
very concife infcription on the tomb of William On the north ſide of Cannon-street is another
Wray :
lane, on the weſt ſide of which ſtands the parilla
church of
Here lyeth, wrapt in clay,
The body of William Wray,
St. MARY AB CHURCH.
I have no more to ſay.
This church owes its name to its dedication to
In an alley on the other fide of St. Michael's che Virgin Mary; and the additional appellation
lane is an independent meeting houſe.
of Ab or Upchurch, was given it on account of
On the north ſide, and at the extremity of its elevation in compariſon of the neighbouring
Great Eaſtcheap, is Clement’s-lane; on the eaſt ground towards the Thames, and to diſtinguiſh
fide of which is ſituate che pariſh church of it from the many other churches of the ſame
name in this city. A church dedicated to St.
St. CLEMENT, EAST CHEAP. Mary has ſtood here from very early times; and
we find that in the year 1448, it was in the pa-
This church is dedicated to St. Clement, diſ tronage of the prior and canons of St. Mary
ciple of St. Peter the Apoſtle, and ordained bi Overy's; but devolving to the crown in the reign
fhop of Rome in the year 93. It receives the of queen Elizabeth, her majeſty granted the per-
additional epithet of Eaſtcheap, not only on ac petual advowſon to Corpus Chrifti college in
count of its ficuation, but likewiſe to diſtinguiſh || Cambridge, in whom it has continued to the pre-
it from other churches dedicated to the ſame laint. ſent time.
It was founded in or before the year 1332 ; and The old church being conſumed by the fire in
before the ſuppreſſion of religious houſes, was in 1666, the preſent one was raiſed in its ſtead;
the gift of the abbot and convent of St. Peter's, and to which, by act of parliament, is annexed,
Weſtminſter. But queen Mary, in the firſt year the pariſh of St. Laurence Poultney, whereby the
of her reign, gave the advowſon thereof to the rectorial profits are greatly augmented, the two
biſhop of London for ever, who is now the together producing the yearly value of 1201. in
patron.
lieu of tythes. The veftry is general, and the
The living of this church is conſiderably aug pariſh officers are only two church wardens.
mented by the pariſh of St. Martin's Orgar being This ſtructure is built of brick, ſtrengthened
annexed to it, which, by act of parliament, || by ruſtic quoins of ſtone at the corners, with three
makes iç of the yearly value of 1401. in lieu of windows on each fide, of which the middle one
tythes,
is the principal, that riſing higher, and taking
This church ſharing the common fate in the up the ſpace above, while the others, which are
year 1666, was rebuilt in 1686; and is a very plain, ſmaller have round wiodows over them; chefe
neat ſtructure, with a tower crowned only by a have all ſtone cafes. The tower riſes ſquare with
battlement. The veſtry is general; and the pa the corners ſtrengthened with ruftic; and a large
riſh officers are, two churchwardens, and two window in the center of each face, ornamented
collectors for the poor.
like the reft. From this tower riſes a kind of
dome,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
479
dome, and upon its ſummit ſtands a plain fpire || church, a college of Jeſus and Corpus Chriſti, for
ſupported by a lanthorn baſe.
a maſter, warden, thirteen prieſts and four cho-
The church of St. Laurence Poultney, which riſters. This living is at preſent abſorbed in the
was a curacy, ſtood on the weſt fide of Law. patronage of Abchurch, and the ſite of the old
rence Poultney-lane, on the ſouth ſide of Cannon church and college remains only as a burial place
it reet; and received the addition of Poultney, for the inhabitants of the pariſh. The veftry is
from its great benefactor Sir John Pouleney, who, general; and the pariſh officers are two church-
about the year 1345, founded in the ancient wardens, and two collectors for the poor.
CHAPTER IX.
Of CA S T L E-B A Y N A R D WAR D.
T T
**
HIS ward is bounded on the eaſt by thority who came from Normandy with William
Queenhithe and Broad-ſtreet wards; on the Conqueror. This caſtle, after the deceaſe of
che ſouth by the river Thames, and on the above Baynard, (which happened in the reign
the weſt and north by the ward of Farringdon of William Rufus) fell into the hands of various
within.
people, and at length became the poſſeſſion of
It takes its name from an ancient caſtle which Robert Fitz-walter, who was caſtelain and ſtand-
ſtood on the bank near the Thames, and was ard-bearer of London in the reign of king
built by one Bayoard, a nobleman of great au John, A. D. 1213. Ac which time there aroſe
--
The great privileges enjoyed by Robert Fitz-Walter,
The rights belonging to him and his heirs in the city of
in conſequence of this office, were as follows:
London, in time of peace, were as follow :
“ That is to ſay, the ſaid Robert Fitz-Walter had a ſoke
“ The ſaid Robert and his heirs ought to be and are chief “ or ward in the city, where was a wall of the canonry of
" banners of London, in fee for the caſtelary, which he " St. Paul, which led down, by a brewhouſe of St. Paul,
“ and his anceſtors had by Caſtle-baynard in the ſaid city. " to the Thames, and ſo to the ſide of the mill which was
“ In time of war the ſaid Robert and his heirs ought to ſerve " in the water coming down from Fleet-bridge, and went
" the city in manner as followeth : that is,
" by London-wall betwixt the friars preachers and Ludgate,
" The ſaid Robert ought to come, he being the twentieth “ and ſo returned by the houſe of the ſaid friars to the wall
16 man of arms, on horſeback, covered with cloth or armour, " of the canonry of St. Paul; that is all the pariſh of St.
“ unto the great weft door of St. Paul's, with his banner dif “ Andrew, which was in the gift of his anceſtors by the
“ played before him of his arms. And, when he is come to “ faid ſeniority; and ſo the ſaid Robert had appendant unto
“ the ſaid door, mounted and apparelled as before is ſaid, “ the ſaid foke all the things underwritten :
" the mayor, with his aldermen and ſheriffs, armed in their “ That he ought to have a fokeman, and to place what
arms, ſhall come out of the ſaid church of St. Paul unto
“ fokeman he will, fo he be of the fokemanry, or the ſame
« the ſaid door, with a banner in his hand, all on foot ; “ ward : and if any of the fokemanry be impleaded in the
* which banner ſhall be gules, the image of St. Paul, gold ; “ Guildhall of any thing that toucheth not the body of the
“ the face, hands, feet, and ſword, of filver : and as ſoon mayor that for the time is, or that toucheth the body of no
as the ſaid Robert ſhall ſee the mayor, aldermen, and ſhe 6. theriff, it is not lawful for the fokeman of the fokemanry
“ riffs, come on foot out of the church, armed with fuch a 6 of the ſaid Robert Fitz-Walter to demand a court of the
“ banner; he ſhall alight from his horſe and falute the may " ſaid Robert; and the mayor and his citizens of London
" or, and ſay to him, Sir mayor, I am come to do my ſervice “ ought to grant him to have a court; and in his court he
66 which I owe to the city,
ought to bring his judgments, as is aſſented and agreed
" And the mayor and aldermen ſhall anſwer, We give to upon in the Guildhill, that ihall be given him.
you, as to our banneret of fee in this city, the banner of this city, " If any therefore be taken in fokemanry, he ought to
to bear and govern the honour of this city to your power. “ have his ſtocks and impriſonment in his foken; and he
"And the ſaid Robert and his heirs ſhall receive the banner “ ſhall be brought from thence to the Guildhall before the
“ in his hands, and go on foot out of the gate, with the mayor, and there they ſhall provide him his judgment
“ banner in his hands; and the mayor, aldermen, and the "s that ought to be given of him; but his judgment ſhall
s riffs, ſhall follow to the door, and ſhall bring an horſe to not be publiſhed till he come into the court of the ſaid
" the ſaid Robert, worth 201. which horſe ſhall be faddled " Robert, and in his liberty.
“ with a faddle of the arms of the ſaid Robert, and ſhall “ And the judgment ſhall be ſuch, that, if he have deſerv-
be covered with findals of the ſaid arms,
" ed death by treaſon, he to be tied to a poſt in the Thames,
“ Alſo they ſhall preſent to him 2ol. Iterling, and deliver at a good wharf, where boats are faſtened, two ebbings
" it to the chamberlain of the ſaid Robert, for his expences " and two flowings of the water.
" that day. Then the ſaid Robert ſhall mount upon
the horſe " And if he be condemned for a common thief, he ought
• which the mayor preſented to him, with the banner in his to be led to the elms, and there fuffer his judgment as
“ hand; and, as ſoon as he is up, he ſhall ſay to the mayor, 56 other thieves. And ſo the ſaid Robert and his heirs hath
" that he muft cauſe a marſhal to be choſen for the hoſt, one “ honour, that he holdeth a great franchiſe within the city,
“ of the city; which being done, the faid Robert ſhall com " that the mayor of the city and citizens are bound to do
“ mand the mayor and burgeſſes of the city to warn the com “ him right ; that is to fay, that, when the mayor will
« mons to aſſemble, and all go under the banner of St. Paul; " hold a great council, he cught to call the ſaid Robert
ar and the ſaid Robert ſhall bear it himſelf to Aldgate, and « and his heirs to be with him in council of the city; and
" there the faid Robert and mayor fhall deliver the ſaid " the faid Robert ought to be ſworn to be of council with
“ banner of St. Paul to whom they think proper. And, if “ the city againſt all people, ſaving the king and his heirs.
they are to go out of the city, then the ſaid Robert ought “ And when the ſaid Robert cometh to the hoſtings of the
« to choſe two out of every ward, the moſt fage perſons, to “ Guildhall of the city, the mayor, or his lieutenant, ought
" look to the keeping of the city after they are gone out. to riſe againſt him, and ſee him down near unto him ;
" And this counſel fall be taken in the priory of the Tri " and ſo long as he is in the Guildhall, all the judgments
nity near Aldgate. And befcre every town or cafle which « ought to be given by his mouth, according to the record
" the hoſt of London ſhall beſiege, if the fiege continue a " of the recorders of the ſaid Guildhall : and ſo many
whole year, the ſaid Robert fhall have, for every fiege, of “ waifes as come fo long as he is there, he ought to give
" the commopalty of London, one hundred fillings, and “ them to the bailiffs of the town, or to whom he will, by
no more.”
" the council of the mayor of the city.”
a great
&
66
66

480
HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
a great contention between the king and his ba officers are, two churchwardens and two over-
rons, on account of Matilda, called The Fair, a feers.
daughter of the ſaid Robert Fitz-Walter, whom On the eaſt fide of Bennet's-hill, at the ſouth
the king unlawfully loved, but could not obtain; weſt end of St. Paul's Cathedral, ſtands the colo
whereupon, and for other cauſes of the like ſort, lege or office of arms, commonly called
there enſued a war throughour the realm. The
barons, being received into London, did great The HERALDS OFFICE.
damage to the king ; but in the end the king not
only baniſhed the ſaid Fitz-Walter, among others, This office was deſtroyed by the dreadful fire
out of the kingdom, but likewiſe cauſed his caf in 1666, and rebuilt about three years after; the
tle, called Baynard's-caſtle, and two other houſes, expence of which, at a moderate computation,
to be demoliſhed. (See page 41.). After which amounted to 5000l, but the corporation not being
a meſſenger was ſent to Matilda the Fair about the able to diſcharge that ſum, petitioned his majeſty
king's fuit ; but the, not conſenting to it, was for a commiſion to receive the ſubſcriptions of the
poiſoned.
nobility and gentry. This petition was referred
King John being in France in the year 1214, to the commiſſioners for executing the office of
with a great army, a truce was made between the earl-marſhal; and, upon their lordſhip's report,
two kings for five years. There being a river or a commiſſion was granted, bearing date the ſixth
arm of the fea between the two armies, a knight of December, 1672: but the commiſſion direct-
among the Engliſh called out to thoſe on the other ing the money ſo collected to be paid to ſuch per-
fide to challenge any one among them to come fons, and laid out in ſuch a manner, as the earl.
and take a jutt or two with him : whereupon, marſhall ſhould appoint, it diſguſted the officers
without any delay, Robert Fitz. Walter, who ſo much, that it cauſed a coldneſs and inactivity in
was on the French fide, ferried over, and got on them to promote the ſubſcription ; ſo that, al-
horft back, without any one to help him, and though they had reaſon to hope for large contri-
ſhewed himſelf ready to the face of this chal butions, litele more than 700l. was raiſed by this
lenger; and at the firſt courſe ſtruck him ſo vio commillion : what fums were neceſſary were made
lently with his great ſpear, that both man and up out of the general fees and profits of the of-
horſe fell to the ground; and, when his ſpear fice, or by the contribution of particular mem-
was broken, he went back again to the king of bers. Sir William Dugdale built the north weſt
France. King John, feeing this, cried out, corner at his own charge; and Sir Henry St.
** By God's tooth, (his uſual oath) he were a George, Clarenceux, gave the profits of fome vi-
“ king indeed who had ſuch a knight." The ſitations, made by deputies appointed by him for
friends of Robert, hearing theſe words, kneeled that purpofe, amounting to 530l. the houſes on
down, and ſaid, “ O king, he is your knight; it the eaſt ſide, and ſouth eaſt corner, were erected
6 is Robert Fitz-Walter."
." Whereupon he was upon a building leaſe, agreeable to the original
ſent for the next day, and reſtored to the king's || plan; by which means the whole was made one
favour; by which means a peace was concluded, uniform quadrangular building, as it now appears,
Fitz-Walter was reſtored to his eſtates, and had and is one of the beſt deſigned and handſomelt
permiſſion to repair his caſtle of Baynard. brick buildings in London: and the hollow arch
This ward is divided into ten precincts, and is of the gateway is eſteemed a curioſity. In No-
governed by an alderman, ten common-council vember, 1683, the college part of the building
men, (of whom one is the alderman's deputy) || being finiſhed, the rooms were divided amongſt
nine conftables, fourteen inqueſt-men, ſeven ſca the officers according to their degrees, by agree-
vengers and a beadle.
ment among themſelves, and afterwards confirma
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward on the ed by the earl-marſhal; which apartmenes have
north ſide of Thames ſtreet, where, at the ſouth been ever ſince annexed to their reſpective offices,
weſt corner of Bennet's-hill is ſituate the pariſh The inſide of the lodgings were finiſhed, at dif-
church of
ferent times, by the officers to whom they be-
longed.
St. BENNE T, PAUL'S WHARF.
It is a ſquare incloſed by regular brick build-
ings, which are extremely neat, without expen-
This church is ſo called from its being conſe five decorations. The floors are raiſed above che
crated to St. Benedict, and its vicinity to the level of the ground, and there is an aſcent ta them
above wharf. It is of very ancient foundation, by flights of plain ſteps. The principal front is
as appears by Dicets, dean of Sc. Pauľs, who in the lower ſtory, ornamented with ruſtic, upon
has it in his regiſter, under che year 1181. The which are placed four - Ionic pilaſters, that fup-
old church being deſtroyed by the fire of London port an angular pediment. The fides which are,
in 1666, the prefent one was erected in its place conformable to this, have arched pediments, that
from a deſign of Sir Chriſtopher Wren. It is a are alſo ſupported by Ionic pilaſters. Within is a
neat ſtructure; the body is well proportioned : large room for keeping the court of honour, a
the tower has ruſtic corners, and the turret and library, with houſes and apartments for the king's
fmall fpire are raiſed from the crown of a dome. heralds and purſuivants.
This church is a rectory, the collation to which This corporation conſiſts of thirteen members,
is in the dean and chapter of St. Paul's. The viz. three kings at arms, fix heralds at arms,
pariſh of St. Peter, Paul's wharf is united to it, and four purſuivants at arms; who are nominated
and the rector receives 100l. per annum in lieu of by the earl.marſhal of England, as miniſters ſub-
tythes. The veftry is general; and the pariſh | ordinate to him in the execution of their offices,
and

V HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
4.8t
arms.
and hold their places by patent during their good the creation of peers have been laid aſide, the
behaviour. They are all the king's ſervants in kings of arms have been created by the earl-
ordinary, and therefore, in the vacancy of the marshal, by virtue of the ſovereign's warrant.
office of earl-marſhal, have been ſworn into their Upon this occaſion he takes his oath; wine is
offices by the lord-chamberlain. vu
poured upon his head out of a gilt cup, with a
Their meetings are termed chapters, which covers his title is pronounced; and he inveſted
they hold the firſt Thurſday in every nionth; or with a tabart of the royal arms richly embroidered
oftener if neceſſary, wherein all ouaiters are deter upon velvet; a collar of SS. with two portcul-
mined by a majority of voices of the kings and lices of ſilver gilt ; a gold chain, with a badge of
heralds, each king having two voices.94
his office; and the earl-marſhal places on his
The kings are Garter, Clarenceux, and Norroy. head the crown of a king of arms, which formerly
Garter was inſtituted by king Henry V. in the reſembled a ducal coronet ; bur, fince the reſco-
year 1417, for the ſervice of the moſt noble order ration, it has been adorned with leaves reſembling
of the garter ; and, for the dignity of that order, thoſe of the oak, and circumſcribed, according
he was made ſovereign, within the office of arms, to ancient cuſtom; with the words, Miſerere mei
over all the other officers, ſubject to the crown of Deus fecundum magnam miſericordiam tuam. Gar-
England, by the name of Garter, king of arms of ter has alſo a mantle of crimſon ſaccin, as an of-
England. By the conſtitution of his office he nruſt ficer of the order; with a white rod or ſcepter,
be a native of England, and a gentleman bearing with the fovereign's arms on the top, which he
To him belongs the correction of arms, bears in the preſence of the fovereign ; and he is
and all enſigns of arms uſurped or borne unjuſtly ; ſworn in a chapter of the Garter, the foyereign in-
and the power of granting arms to deſerving veſting him with the enligns of his office.
perſons, and ſupporters to the nobility and knights The kings of arms are diſtinguiſhed from each
of the Bath. It is likewiſe his office to go next other by their reſpective badges, which they may
before the ſword in ſolemn proceſſion, none inter wear at all times, either in a gold chain or a
poſing except the marſhal, to adminiſter the oath ribbon, Garter's being blue, and the provincials
to all the officers of arms.; to have a habit like the purple. but to other
regiſter of the order; with baron's ſervice in the The ſix heralds are Windſor, Cheſter, Lan-
court, and lodgings in Windſor caſtle; he bears caſter, York, Richmond, and Somerſet; who
his white rod; with a banner of the enligns of the take place according to ſeniority in office. They
order thereon, before the ſovereign : when any are created with the ſame ceremonies as the kings,
lord enters the parliament chamber, it is his poſt taking the oath of an herald, and are inveſted
to aſſign him his place, according to his dignity with a tabart of the royal arms, embroidered up-
and degree; to carry the enſigns of the order to on fattin, not ſo rich as the kings, but better than
foreign princes, and to do, or procure to be done, the purſuivants, and a ſilver collar of SS. They
what the ſovereign ſhall enjoin relating to the or are eſquires by creation, and have a falary of
der; for the execution of which he has a ſalary 261. 135. 4.d. per annum, and fees according to
of 100l. a year, payable at the exchequer; and their degree.lt
Iool. more out of the revenue of the order; be The kings and heralds are ſworn upon a ſword
ſides his fees.
as well as the book, to ſhew that they are military
The others are called provincial kings, and as well as civil officers.
their provinces together compriſe the whole king The four purſuivants, who are, Rougécroix,
dom of England; that of Clarenceux com Blúemantle; Rougedragon, and Portcullis, are alſo
prehending all to the fouth of the river Trent, created by the earl-marſhal, when they take their
and that of Norroy all to the north of that river; oath of a purſuivant, and are inveſted with a ta-
but, though theſe provincials have exiſted time bart of the royal arms upon damalk. They have
immemorial, they were not conſtituted to theſe a ſalary of twenty pounds a year, with fees ac-
offices by the titles of Clarenceux and Norroy cording to their degree. It is the duty of the
before Edward III.
heralds and purſuivants to attend in the public of-
Clarenceux is thus named from the duke office, one of each claſs together, by a monthly
Clarence, the third ſon of king Edward III. It rotation.
is his duty, according to his commiſſion, to viſit Beſides theſe particular duties of the ſeveral
his province, to ſurvey the arms of all perſons, claffes, it is the general duties both of the kings,
&c. and to regiſter their deſcents, marriages, &c. heralds, and purſuivants, to attend his majeſty at
to marſhal the funerals of all perſons within his the houſe of peers, and, upon certain high feſti.
province not under the direction of Garter; and vals, to the chapel royal; to make proclamations;
in his province to grant arms, with the conſent of to marſhal the proceedings at all public proceſa
the earl-marſhal. Before the inſtitution of Garter, fions; to attend the inftallation of the knights of
he was the principal officer of arms, and, in the the Garter, &c.
vacancy of Garcer, he excutes his office. Ex All theſe officers have apartments in the col-
cluſive of his fees he has a ſalary from the exche lege, annexed to their reſpective offices. They
quer of 40l. per annum.
have likewiſe a public hall, in which is a court
The duty and office of Norroy, or North Roy, for the earl-marſhal, where courts of chivalry are
that is, North king, is the fame on the north of occaſionally held, and the officers of arms attend
the Trent as that of Clarenceux on the ſouth. in their tabarts, his lordſhip being preſent. Their
The kings of arms were formerly created by public library contains a large and valuable col-
the ſovereign with great folemnity, upon ſome lection of original records of the pedigrees and
high feſtival; but, ſince the ceremonies uſed at arms of families, funeral certificates of the nobi-
6 F
lity
3:41

482
HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
is done
lity, and gentry, public ceremonials, and other is ſtiled Judex Curie, Přerogative, Cantuarienfis ;
branches of heraldry and antiquities,
and a regiſter, who hath convenient rooms in his
Facing the north weſt corner of the herald's office for the diſpoſing and laying up fafe all ori-
office is a paſſage into
ginal wills and teſtaments. This regiſter alſo
hath his deputy, beſides ſeveral clerks.
DOCTORS COMMONS. 1 3. The court of faculties and diſpenſations. This
court can empower any one to do that which in
This is properly a college for ſuch as ſtudy law he could not otherwiſe do, viz. to marry
and practice the civil law, and where cauſes in without the publication of banns; to fucceed a
civil and eccleſiaſtical caſes are tried under the father in an ecclesiaſtical benefice; to hold two or
biſhop of London, and the archbiſhop of Canter more benefices, incompatible, &c. This authority
bury. The addition of commons is taken from was given to the archbiſhop by the ſtatute 25
the manner in which the civilians live here, coin Henry VIII. cap. 21. And the chief officer of
moning together, as practiſed in other colleges. this court is called Magiſter ad Facultates; under
The front of this college is ſituate in Great whom is a regiſter and his clerks. voi sisi
Knightrider-ſtreet, and conſiſts of two ſquare 4. The court of admiralty. This court was
courts, chiefly inhabited by doctors of the civil erected in the reign of Edward III. and in for-
law. Here are tried all cauſes by the court of mer times kept in Southwark. It belongs to the
admiralty, and the court of delegates. Here are lord high admiral of England, and takes cogni-
offices where wills are regiſtered and depoſited, zance of the death or maihem of any perſon mur.
and licences for marriage, &c. are granted, and dered on the high ſeas. Here alſo are cognizable
a court of faculties and diſpenſations. Several all matters relating to feamens wages, &c. The
other offices are likewiſe kept here, viz. The judge of this court muſt be a civilian, and is called
regiſtry of the archbiſhop of Canterbury, and Supreme curiæ admiralitatis angliæ locum tenens ju-
the regiſtry of the biſhop of London : in which dex; under whom is a regiſter and a marſhal,
offices are regiſtered all wills, and other matters who carries a ſilver oar before the judge; beſides
done in the eccleſiaſtical courts of thoſe ſees. an advocate and proctor. This court is held in
The cauſes, whereof the civil and eccleſiaſtical the hall of Doctors-commons, where the other
law take cognizance, are theſe: blaſphemy, apo civil courts are kept; except in the trial of pi-
ſtacy from chriſtianity, hereſy, ſchiſm; ordina rates, and crimes connnitted at fea; on which
tions, inſtitutions of clerks to benefices, celebra cauſes the admiralty court fits at the fefſions houſe
tion of divine ſervice, matrimony, divorces, in the Old Bailey. do no
baftardy, tythes, oblations, obventions, mortue 5. The court of delegates. This is the higheſt
ries, delapidations, reparation of churches, pro court for civil affairs belonging to the church, to
bate of wills, adminiſtrations; fimony, inceſts, which appeals are carried from the ſpiritual courts;
fornications, adulteries, ſolicitation of chaſtity; for upon the aboliſhing of the papal power within
penſions, procurations, commulation of penance, this kingdom by Henry VIII. in the year 15345
right of pews, and other ſuch like, reducible to it was enacted by parliament, that no appeals
theſe matters.
fhould from thence forward be made to Rome;
in default of juſtice in any of the ſpiritual courts,
The courts belonging to the civil and eccleſi the party aggrieved might appeal to the king in
aftical law are various; ſuch as
his court of chancery upon which a commiſſion
1. The Court of Arches. This is the higheſt under the great ſeal ſhould be directed to ſuch
court under the juriſdiction of the archbiſhop of perſons as his majeſty ſhould think fit to nominate.
Canterbury. It takes its name from Bow-church Theſe commiſſioners to whom the king thus dele-
which was originally built upon arches, and in gates his power, generally conliſt of noblemen,
which this court firſt ſat for the diſpatch of buſi. bilhops, and judges, both of the common and
neſs. Here all appeals are directed in ecclefiafti civil law; and as this court is not fixed, but oc-
cal matters within the province of Canterbury. caſionally, theſe commiſſioners, or delegates, are
The judge of this court is ftiled the dean of the varied at the pleaſure of the Lord chancellor, who
Arches, becauſe he holds a juriſdiction over a appoints them. No appeals lie from this court;
deanery in London, conſiſting of thirteen pa but upon good reaſons aſſigned, the lord chan-
riſhes, exempt from the bilhop of London's ju cellor may grant a commiſſion of review.
riſdiction. The officers under this judge are, an The practiſers in theſe courts are of two forts,
examiner, an actuary, a beadle or crier, and an viz. advocates and proctors.au: 3.3
apparitor; beſides advocates, and procurators or The advocates are ſuch as have taken the de-
proctors.
gree of doctor of the civil law, and are retained
2. The prerogative court. This court is thus as counſellors or pleaders. Theſe muſt firſt upon
denominated from the prerogative of the archbi their petition to the archbiſhop, obtain his fiat ;
ſhop of Canterbury, who by a ſpecial privilege and then they are admitted by the judge to praca
beyond thoſe of his ſuffragans, can here try all cice. The manner of their admillion is folemn.
diſputes that happen to ariſe concerning the laſt Two ſenior advocates in their ſcarlet robes, with
wills of perſons within his province, who have the mace carried before them, conduct the doctor
left goods to the value of five pounds and up up the court with three reverences, and preſent
wards, unleſs ſuch things are fettled by compo him with a ſhort latin ſpeech, together with the
ſition between the metropolitan and his fuffra- || archbiſhop's reſcript; and then having taken the
gans; as in the dioceſe of London, where it is oaths, the judge admits him, and aſſigns him a
ten pounds. To this court belongs a judge, who place or a ſeat in the court, which he is always to
keep

HISTORY and SURVE r of LÓN DO N.
483
keep when he pleads. Both the judge and ad city of London's new pavements : and nearer to
vocates, if of Oxford, wear in court ſcarler robes, the Old-change, on the ſouth ſide of Little Car-
and hoods lined with taffaty; but if of Cam ter-lane, is a celebrated Preſbyterian meeting
bridge, white minever, and round black velvet houſe,
caps,
On the north ſide of Knightrider-ſtreet, and
The proctors or procurators, exhibit their at the ſouth-weſt angle of the Old Change, ſtands
proxies for their clients; and make themſelves the pariſh church of
parties for theni, and draw and give pleas, or li-
bels and allegations, in their behalf; produce St. MARY MAGDALEN, Old Figh-ſtreet,
witneſſes, prepare cauſes for ſentence, and at-
tend the advocates with the proceedings. Theſe So called from its dedication to the above ſaint,
are alſo admitted by the archbiſhop's fiat, and and its vicinity to Old Fiſh-ſtreet. This was a
introduced by two ſenior proctors. They wear vicarage in the tenure of the canons of St. Paul's
black robes and hoods lined with fur.
in the year 1181: but now, and for ſome ages, it
The terms for the pleading and ending of has been a rectory in the gift of the dean and
cauſes in the civil courts, are but little different chapter of St. Paul's. The old edifice was de-
from the term times of the common law. The ſtroyed by the fire of London, and the preſent
order as to the time of fitting of the ſeveral ſtructure aroſe from its ruins, and was built in the
courts, is as follows: The court of arches having year 1685.
the pre-eminence fits firſt in the morning. The It is a ſmall well proportioned church, built
coure of admiralty fits in the afternoon on the with ſtone, fixty feet in length, forty-eight in
fame day; and the prerogative court fits alſo in breadth, and thirty in height to the roof. It is
the afternoon.
enlightened by a ſingle ſeries of arched windows,
In the account of this place we muſt not forget each ornamented with a cherub and ſcrolls, fup-
its library, which is a ſpacious room, well ſtocked porting a cornice, which runs round the building;
with books of all ſorts, eſpecially in civil law and but theſe windows are of ſuch an unuſual height
hiſtory: for which they are greatly indebted to from the ground, that the doors, which are low
James Gibſon, efq; and to the benefactions in and plain, open completely under them : both
money given by every biſhop at his conſecration, theſe and the windows are of the ſame general
to purchaſe books for this library.
conſtruction, and the wall is terminated by a ba-
This learned body were originally feated in Pa luſtrade. The tower is divided into two ſtages,
ter-nofter-Row, and in the very place where now in the upper of which is a large window on each
ftands the Queen's head tavern; which aforetime fide. From the top of this tower the work ſud-
had been a houſe for a reſidentiary of St. Paul's. || denly diminiſhes in the manner of high ſteps on
But that ſituation being found very inconvenient, each ſide, and on the top of theſe is a turret,
doctor Henry Harvey, dean of the arches, pur- || crowned with a very ſhort ſpire, on which is
chaſed and provided a large houſe in Knight- | placed a fane with flames.
rider-ſtreet which at that time was an old ſtone This was originally a very poor living, but
building belonging to and let out by the canons ſince the pariſh of St. Gregory's has been united
of St. Paul's.
to it, and made parochial for both pariſhes, it is
The preſent college was built upon the ruins of raiſed by act of parliament to the value of 1201.
the houſe, given by the above doctor Harvey, and per annum, in lieu of tythes. And though St.
burnt down in the general conflagration of this || Gregory's ſtill remains an impropriation to the
city in 1666: on which occaſion the buſineſs of petty canons of St. Paul's, who are to receive all
the inſtitucion was transferred to, and carried on tythes, oblations, and duties of that pariſh, in
at Exeter change, in the Strand, till the new as large and beneficial a manner as formerly they
college was finiſhed in a more convenient and have, or lawfully might have done; yet the pa-
elegant manner.
riſhioners thereof are obliged to pay
their
quota
On the north fide of Knightrider-ſtreet is Bell of the ſaid 1201. which by act of parliament is to
yard, which leads into Great Carter-lane, inha be levied on both theſe pariſhes, in lieu of tythes
bited chiefly by gentlemen belonging to or de to the incumbent. The veftry is general ; and
pending upon the courts of Doctors.commons. the pariſh officers are, two churchwardens and
On the north fide is Dean's-court, which is but two overſeers.
Small, but graced with the remarkable buildings, The church of St. Gregory, which was an-
viz. the prerogative court, and a large houſe on ciently a rectory, was ſituate at the ſouth-weſt
the weſt fide, the fear of the deans of St. Paul's angle of St. Paul's cathedral; and took its name
fucceflively.
from Gregory the Great, biſhop of Rome, who
On the ſouth ſide of Little Carter-lane is a ſent hither Auſtin the monk, to convert the Enge:
place called Sermon-lane, corruptly for Shere-
Tiſh nation to chriſtianity.
monier’s-Jane, this having once been the place This is one of the peculiars belonging to the
where che filver was prepared, cut, and rounded dean and chapter of St. Paul's, where they are
for the coiners in the Old-change. On the weſt both patrons and ordinaries ; and it is not charg-
fide of this lane is a ſchool belonging to Caſtle ed with firſt fruits and tenths, but only with pro-
Baynard ward, purchaſed and beautified by alder curations yearly to the dean and chapter afore-
man Barber, for the education of thirty boys and ſaid. After its union with St. Mary Magdalen's,
twenty girls.
the ground on which it ſtood was laid open to St.
In a court near this is the paving office for the Paul's church yard.
The

484
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
The veftry is general; and the pariſh officers rendered into the king's hands, in the 30th of
are two church wardens, and three overſeers and Henry VIII. and were granted to Sir Thonias
collectors.
Corden, who ſoon demoliſhed both the houſe
On the eaſt ſide of Puddle-dock-hill, near the and church. The pariſhioners, who had been
wharf, is ſituate the pariſh church of
accommodated for their religious rites in the
priory church, and now left without a place of
St. ANDREW WARDROBE. worſhip, complained thereof in queen Mary's
reign; and Sir Thomas being obliged to find a
This church is a rectory of very ancient foun church for the inhabitants, allowed them a lodg -
dation, originally known by the name of St. ing chamber above ſtairs, which, in the year
Andrew near Baynard's caſtle, but that caſtle be 1597, fell down. After this the pariſhioners pur-
ing afterwards deſtroyed, and the king's wardrobe chaſed an additional piece of ground to enlarge
built near the church, it changed its name from their church, which they rebuilt by ſubſcription ;
Caſtle. Baynard to that of St. Andrew Wardrobe. and it was conſecrated and dedicated to St. Anne,
It is very probable this church was founded about on December 11. A. D. 1597, and ordained to
the ſame time as Caſtle-Baynard was erected, and be thenceforward called "the church or chapel
perhaps by the ſame nobleman: for the patronage ss of St. Anne, within the precinct of Black.
deſcended to the noble family of Fitz-Walters, “ friars.” This precinct increaſed ſo much with
from whom it paſſed into many hands, and at inhabitants, that, in the year 1613, they found it
length came to the crown, who have preſented || neceſſary to enlarge their church; and for that
to this living from the reign of king Charles II. purpoſe purchafed ſo much ground on the fouth
by the lord-chancellor, who alternately preſents Gide thereof as enlarged the church thirty-five
with the patrons of St. Anne's, Black-friars, an feet, eleven inches in breadth, and fifty-four in
nexed to it after the fire of London. And, by length; whereon they built an ayle, as an ad-
The act of their union, the living is made of the dition to it, and alſo a vault for a burial place be-
value of 14cl. per annum, in lieu of tythes. neath: having before purchaſed the church,
The old church being deſtroyed by the fire of church-yard, porch and parſonage houſe, with
London in 1666, the preſent ftructure, which the right of patronage, from Sir George Moore.
was built in 1670, was made the parochial church But it had no tyches belonging to it.
of this pariſh and that of St. Anne, Black-friars. The Gite of St. Anne's church, at this time,
The body is enlightened by two rows of win. ferves only as a burial place for the inhabitants of
dows, but the tower has neither turret, pinnacle, the precinct of Blackfriars
. And though the
for ſpire. The roof is adorned with fret work parish was annexed to St. Andrew's Wardrobe,
of flowers, fruits, &c. the pews are very neat,
yet it is directed by its own officers, viz. two
and the walls well wainſcotted, with two hand churchwardens and two overſeers of the poor :
ſome galleries, a carved pulpit, a veneered ſound and they have a general veſtry, in whom centers
ing board, and a very complete altar-piece. The the election of a miniſter for the united pariſhes
veſtry is ſelect ; and the officers are two church alternately with the lord chancellor.
wardens.
We ſhall leave this ward by the way of St.
The church of St. Anne, Black-friars, (which Paul's church.yard : on the ſouth ſide of which,
was a donative or curacy) ſtood on the eaſt fide at the very extremity, is St. Paul's college, or the
of Church-yard alley, in the precinct of Black college or place of reſidence for the petty canons,
friars ; but having ſuffered in the fatal calamity which is a ſmall court backwards, conſiſting of
of 1666, and not being rebuilt, the pariſh was ſeveral houſes appropriated to each ſtall. And
annexed to the above mentioned St. Andrew's. || nearly oppoſite this college, at the north weſt
The antiquity of this church will appear from corner of the ſaid church, (which is now called
the following account: In the year 1276 Gregory London-houſe-yard, and covered with houſes,
Rokeley, mayor, and the barons of London, that pay a ground rent to the bihop of London)
granted and gave unto Robert Kilwarby, arch there formerly ſtood the biſhop of London’s-pa-
biſhop of Canterbury, two lanes or ways next lace, a very large and magnificent houſe, which
the ſtreet of Baynard's-caſtle, and the cower of was deſtroyed by the fire of London in 1666.
Mountfitchet, to be deſtroyed; on the ſite of In this palace king Edward V. took up his
which ſtreets the ſaid Robert built the church of lodging when he was brought to London to take
Black-friars, with the reſidue of the ſtones that poffeffion of the crown; and under king Edward
were left of the laid tower, which were not uſed VI. the Scotch queen was here entertained.
by the biſhop of London in the repairs of St. The dean's lodging on the other ſide, directly
Paul's cathedral.
againſt the palace, was a fair old houſe; and alla
This priory church was very large, and highly || divers large houſes were built on the ſame fide,
favoured by king Edward I. and his queen Elea which, of old time, were the lodgings of
nor; and, in proceſs of time, divers parliaments
bendaries and reſidentiaries, who kept great
and other great meetings were held here : parti houſholds and liberal hoſpitality.
cularly the tribunal by the cardinals Campejus In the ſouth church-yard of St. Paul's was the
and Wolſey for annulling the marriage of king || ſouth ſide and weſt end of the ſaid church, ac
Henry VIII. with queen Cacharine of Arragon, || which end were three ſtately gates or entries, cu.
his royal confort, and the parliament which foon riouſly wrought of ſtone: in the center of the
after condemned cardinal Wolfey in a præmunire. middle gate was placed a maſſive pillar of braſs,
This priory enjoyed many and great privileges ; in which the leaves of the ſaid great gate cloſed,
but they all fell at once ; when this houſe ſur and were faſtened with locks, bolts and bars of
pre-
iron;

HIS TOR and SURV E L of LONDON.
489
iron; notwithſtanding all which, on the twenty tower of ſtone, made for bell towers; one of
fourth of December, 1565, by a tempeſt of wind, which was called the Lollard's tower, * and uſed
theſe gates were blown open, and the bars, bolts, as the biſhops priſon, for ſuch as were detected
and locks, broken aſunder, or greatly bent. for opinions in religion contrary to the faith of the
At each corner of this weſt end was a ſtrong church.
CHAPTER IX.
Of CHE A P W AR D.
T
HIS ward receives its name from the over it, and is crowned with a bell tower. In
Saxon word Chepe, which ſignifies a mar this market are a number of ſtanding ſtalls for
ket, and was formerly held in this di butchers covered over, and alſo ſeveral ſtalls for
viſion of the city. This market was peculiarly fruiterers; the paſſages into it are inhabited by
known by the name of Weſt-cheap from its ſitua- || filhmongers, poulterers, &c. It is famous for the
tion, to diſtinguiſh it from the market between goodneſs of the proviſions ſold there, with which
Candlewick-ſtreet and Tower-ſtreet, which, from it is well ſupplied on Mondays, Wedneſdays,
its ficuation alſo, was called Eaſt-cheap.
Fridays, and Saturdays.
It is bounded on the eaſt by Broad-ſtreet and From this market we return into Cheapſide,
Wallbrook wards; on the north by Coleman and proceeding more eaſtward on the ſouth ſide,
ſtreet, Bafiſhaw and Cripplegate wards; and on we come to New Queen-ſtreet, which, before the
the ſouth by Cordwainer's ward. It extends from fire of London was called Soper-lane, on the
the entrance of Scalding-alley in the north eaſt to eaſt ſide of which this ward turns down Pancras-
near the eaſt corner of Milk-ſtreet, on the north lane into Bucklerſbury.
weſt, and from the weſt corner of the Manſion On the north ſide of Pancras-lane were for-
houſe on the ſouth eaſt to within thirty-three feet merly two pariſh churches, viz. St. Pancras
weſt of Bow-lane on the ſouth weſt: within which Soper-lane, and St. Bennet Sherehog. The for-
circuit is encompaſſed the Poultry, the eaſt end of mer was conſumed in the fire of London, and
Cheapſide, part of Pancras-lane, Queen-ſtreet not rebuilt; the ſite of which, ſince that time
and Bow-lane; and on the north fide, Grocer's has been uſed as a burial place for the inhabitants
alley, about 136 feet of the ſouth end of the of the pariſh, which is annexed to St. Mary-le-
Old Jury, Ironmonger-lane, King-ftreet, Lau Bow. And the latter ſharing the ſame fate, the
rence-lane, and the principal part of Cateaton ſite has been likewiſe converted for a burial place
ſtreet and Honey-lane market, excluſive of all to the pariſhioners who are united with the pariſh
the courts, alleys, &c. within theſe limits. of St. Stephen, Wallbrook.
This ward is divided into nine precincts; and Turning to the ſouth eaſt end of Cheapſide
is under the government of an alderman, twelve you enter Buckleſbury, (corruptly Bucklerſbury)
common-council-men, (of whom one is the al which leads to the head of Wallbrook, and is ſo
derman's deputy) eleven conſtables, thirteen in called from one Buckle, lord of the manor, who
queſt men, nine ſcavengers, and a beadle.
reſided and kept his court in a large ſtone houſe
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward on the that ſtood where now is Barge-yard. This place
north ſide of Cheapfide, where, behind the houſes is ſo called from the barges which were rowed up
nearly oppoſite Bow-church is ſituate
hither from the Thames when the ſtream of
Wallbrook was open for navigacion. And where
HONE Y-LANE MARKET. Bucklerſbury meets Cheapſide, viz. at the weſt
end of the Poultry, there formerly ſtood the
After the fire of London Honey-lane, and o great conduit, which was the firſt erected to
ther buildings were converted into this market, convey ſweet water in leaden pipes under ground
among which was the pariſh church of Allhallows, from Paddington to this place. It was caftellated
Honey-lane. It is the ſmalleſt market in the city, with ſtone and ciſterned with lead. But theſe
being but 193 feet in length, from eaſt to weit, conduits becoming leſs uſeful, as the New-river
and 97 from north to ſouth. In the middle is a and Thames water-works improved ; and ſuch a
market houſe which ſtands on pillars, has rooms large building ſtanding almoſt in the middle of
41
6 G
the
* It was in this tower that Richard Hunne, a citizen of
London, in the year 1515, a man of fair character, and
well beloved, was made priſoner, on pretence of having
Wickliffe’s bible: but, indeed, the occaſion of his ruin was
a diſpute he had with a clerk about a mortuary, which was
made the cauſe of the whole clergy. He ſubmitted to the
biſhop's correction, upon which he ought to have been en-
penance, and ſet at liberty; but he was found hang-
ing in his chamber, and his neck broken; which murder,
the biſhop's ſumner owned that he, and the chancellor, doc-
tor Horſey, and the bell ringer, had committed: and when
the coroners inqueſt proceeded to trial, the biſhop began a
new proceſs againſt the dead body for hereſy, which, not
contented to have murdered, they afterwards burnt in Smith-
field.
joined

486
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
the ſtreet, being incommodious for coaches and Becket, (as commonly called) and St. Edmund,
carts, the magiſtracy did not rebuild it, but re both archbiſhops, regiſtered in this pariſh. And
moved it quite away after the fire of London. it is conjectured that the impropriation anciently
The Poultry, which begins on the weſt, by belonged to the maſter and brethren of the ad-
the Old Jewry where Cheapſide ends, and reaches joining hoſpital of St. Thomas de Acon Martyr,
to the Manſion houſe by Cornhill, is not only now called Mercer's chapel; the ſite of which,
well built and inhabited by capital tradeſinen, but together with the advowſon of St. Mary Cole-
may be counted the greateſt thoroughfare for church, was granted by king Henry VIII. in the
carriages and foot paſſengers from the weſtern di year 1542, to the company of mercers, in whom
viſions of this metropolis; it lying cloſe to the it has remained as a donative ever ſince.
center of buſineſs, for thoſe who frequent the When this church was burnt down in 1666, the
'Change, the Manſion-houſe, Lombard-ſtreet, the pariſh was annexed to St. Mildred's Poultry: and
Bank, and other public ofices.
the mercers company, empowered by act of par-
In this ſtreet, at the weſt ſide of Scalding liament, built a free-ſchool and other buildings;
alley, is ſituate the parochial church of on the ſite thereof. In this ſchool twenty-five
boys are taught the claſſics, for which the maſter
St. MILDRE D's POULTRY. receives 401. per annum, beſides the uſe of a
commodious dwelling-houſe.
The foundation of this church appears to be The veftry is general; and the pariſh officers
very ancient; for fo early as 18 Edward II. we are two churchwardens.
find it with the chapel of Corpus Chriſti and St. On the north ſide of the Poultry, a little to the
Mary de Coney-hope annexed : which chapel of weſtward of St. Mildred's church ſtands
Corpus Chriſti and St. Mary ſtood at the end of
Coney-hope-lane, or the rabbit market, now The POULTRY COMPTER.
called Grocer's-alley; and being ſuppreſſed by
king Henry VIII. on account of a fraternity This priſon is called the compter, from the
found therein, it was purchaſed by one Thomas priſoners being obliged to account for the cauſe
Hobſon, who converted the chapel into a ware-
of their commitment before they are diſcharged;
houſe.
and the addition of Poultry is to diſtinguiſh it
The old church which had been rebuilt in 1450, from another compter in Wood-ſtreer. The
was burnt down in 1666; and when the preſent charge of theſe priſons is committed to the ſhe-
one was built, the legiſlature annexed thereunto riffs, under whom are the following officers in
the pariſh of St. Mary Colechurch ; and the liv each compter, who give ſecurity to the ſheriff for
ing was thereby endowed by parliament with 1701. the faithful diſcharge of their reſpective trufts.
per annum in lieu of tythes.
The patronage of this church, before the re 1. The principal officer, next to the ſheriff, is
formation, was in the convent and prior of St. the ſecondary, whoſe buſineſs is, to return writs,
Mary Overies; but from the ſuppreſſion of that mark warrants, impannel juries, for the courts
religious houſe, it fell to the crown, in whom it both above and below, and alſo for the ſeſſions.
has continued to the preſent time.
2. The clerk of the papers; whoſe office is to
This church is a plain ſubſtantial ſtone building, || impannel juries for the ſheriffs court; and who
enlightened by a ſeries of large windows and enters upon judgment, and makes out all pro-
ſtrengthened with ruftic at the corners. The || ceſſes.
tower is crowned with a plain courſe, without 3. Four clerk-fitters, who enter actions, take
pinnacles, curret, or any other ornament; except bail, receive verdicts after trial, &c. 5
a clock, whoſe dial projects about half way over 4. Eighteen ſerjeants at mace, each of whom
the ſtreet. The inſide is paved with purbeck has his yoeman or follower. Their office is to
ſtone mixed with black marble; and at the weſt arreft perſons for debt, to execute all proceſſes, to
end there is a handſome gallery, and a good pul ſerve writs, executions upon actions, and ſum-
pit. The veftry is ſelect, and the pariſh officers monſes from above, as well as from the courts
are, two churchwardens, two ſideſmen, and fix below. Each of theſe ferjeants gives-400l. fecu-
auditors of accounts.
rity to the ſheriff, for the due execution of his
St. Mary Colechurch, whoſe pariſh is annexed
office. Four of theſe ferjeants, and as many
to that of St. Mildred's, was ſo called from its yoemen out of each compter, wait upon their
dedication to the Virgin Mary; and received the reſpective ſheriffs daily; and during the time of
additional epithet of Cole from the name of its feffions; double the number, Ac which time in
founder. It was built upon a vault, after the the morning they bring the priſoners down from
faſhion of moſt of our modern churches, above Newgate to the Seffions-houſe; put them in the
ground, ſo that there was an aſcent up to the floor dock; and after waiting all day, return the pri-
of the church by ſeveral ſteps.
ſoners back to the jail at night; they alſo attend
The origin of this church does not plainly ap-
at the execution of priſoners. Upon their days
pear, but we have reaſon to ſuppoſe it of great
of waiting they always wear blue cloth gowns,
antiquity, from the baptiſm of St. Thomas-à which are given them annually by the theriffs.
*' In this alley was formerly a large houſe, known by the
name of the Scalding-houſe; for the ſtreet called the Poultry
containing a number of Poulterers ſtalls, the fowls they ſold
there were firft fcalded in this houſe.
To

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London).
muma
HHHH
í
View / SIMILDRED's Church Ven of ST MICHAEL
Church liebe Machant's View of S?Peter's Cornhill
in the Poultry

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London,
---
man
FP
23
bir
DUTIE
2)
A. Smith sculp.
View of the Royal STABLES & part of s Martins Church. Niew of S? GEORGES CHURCH Bloomsbury

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London,
t
MIN
0
01
-recrry
Lizarra
274
-Carrar
محمد
VIEW of GROCER'S HALL.
HALIHUDHURIDAD URDUM
7. TVhite Joulp.
VIEW of GOLDSMITH'S HALL.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
487
To each compter alſo belongs a maſter keeper, pearance, yet it is capacious and well adapted
and under him two turnkeys, and other ſervitors. for the particular uſes to which the government
The poorer ſort of priſoners, as well in this have appointed it. It is the principal office of
compter as that in Wood-ſtreet, receive daily re. exciſe within his majeſty's dominions, and is ma-
lief from the ſheriffs table, of all the broken naged by nine commiſſioners whoſe appointments
meat and bread; and there are alſo ſeveral bene are 1000l. per annum each. Under theſe are a
factions made by charitable perſons, for the re great number of officers, both within and without
leaſement of choſe, whoſe debts are ſmall, or the houſe, viz. five commiſſioners for appeals ;
perhaps have lain a conſiderable time for want of a ſecretary with three clerks; five accomptants
diſcharging the priſon fees.
general ; four general ſurveyors ; a receiver ge-
On the north fide of the Poultry, and at the neral; comptroller of the caſh; inſpector gene-
farther end of Grocers-alley (formerly called ral for coffee and tea; an auditor of exciſe; an
Coney-hope-lane) ſtands
auditor of hides, and a comptroller, with clerks
in each office.
GROCERS H A L L.
Theſe receive the produce of exciſe on beer,
ale, and ſpirituous liquors ; on tea, coffee, and
This building is ſituate on a ſpot of ground chocolate ; on malt, hops, ſoap, ftarch, candles,
purchaſed by the Grocers company in the year paper, callicoes, gold and ſilver wire, vellum,
1411, of Robert Fitz-Walter, for three hundred
parchment, hides and ſkins, plate, and wheels
and twenty marks. The building is well deſign of body carriages, collected all over England,
ed and executed for the purpoſes of a common and pay it into the exchequer. And for the col-
hall; and is not only a ſtately edifice, but ſo ca lecting; ſurveying, &c. of which monies, and
pacious, that for many years it ferved for the things exciſeable; they have a great number of
uſes of the Bank of England, which was kept in out-door officers in all parts of the kingdom,
this hall, till the edifice in Threadneedle-ſtreet regulated within certain diſtricts, or diviſions,
was erected for that purpoſe. The ancient ſtone both horſe and foot; to gauge, and to prevent
and brick building at the north weſt corner of frauds and loſs in the duties of exciſe. "Before
the garden, inhabited by the beadle of the com the commiſſioners of exciſe are tried all frauds
pany, is probably part of the ancient city man committed in the ſeveral branches of the revenue
fion of the noble family of Fitz-Walter, and con under their direction ; without any appeal, ex-
ſequently the oldeſt building within the city cept to the commiſſioners of appeal for a re-hear-
walls.
ing
The company of Grocers is the ſecond of the This office is intended to be removed, as ſoon
twelve principal companies, and was anciently as the new ſtructure, now erecting on the ſite of
denominated Pepperers; but having changed Greſham college, is finiſhed.
their name to that of Grocers, were, under that On the north of Cheapſide, almoſt in the cen-
denomination, incorporated by letters patent of ter between the Old Jewry and Ironmonger-lane,
Edward III, in the year 1345, by the name of || is fituare
« The wardens and commonalty of the myſtery
“ of the Grocers of the city of London;" which MERCERS HALL and CHAPEL.
was confirmed by Henry VI. in the year 1429.
Theſe grants were afterwards confirmed by a new
On this ſpot, in ancient times, ſtood an hoſpi-
charter of Charles I. in the year 1640, with an tal dedicated to St. Thomas of Acars, or Acons,
additional power of ſearching and inſpecting the and was founded by Thomas Fitz-Theobald de
goods and weights of all Grocers within the city Heili, and his wife Agnes, fiſter to Thomas-à-
and ſuburbs of London, and three miles round. Becket, who was born on the ſame ſpot in the
They had anciently the management of the reign of king Henry II.
king's bear in the city, with the right of appoint Thomas-à-Becket (to whom this hoſpital or
ing a maſter-weigher, and four porters to attend chapel was probably dedicated) was the ſon of
it.
Gilbert Becket, a citizen of London, and of Ma-
This corporation conſiſts of a prime miniſter tildis his wife, who was the daughter of a pagan
and three other wardens, with a numerous court prince, under whoſe cuſtody Gilbert being taken
of affiftants. It is a livery company; and out priſoner, when he travelled into the Holy Land,
of their poffeffions they pay about 7ool. per an was for a year and a half in confinement, and at
num to the poor.
laſt eſcaping by the help of this Matildis (who fell
About the middle of Grocer's-alley, on the in love with him, being converted to the chriſtian
weſt ſide is Dove-court, which leadeth into the
religion) he came again ſafe into England, whom
Old Jewry, * nearly oppoſite, at preſent, (1769) || Matildis, not long after, for love of him, ad-
ventured to follow, and getting away from her
The E XCISE OF FIC E.
father, came at laſt to London, where finding
Gilbert, he married her, and of her begat this
This is a large brick building, formerly the Thomas, who was born in his father's houſe,
dwelling. houſe of Sir John Frederick :, and tho'
which was then in the place where Mercerscha-
it has nothing to recommend it in its outward
ap-
pel in Cheapfide now ſtands.
* This ſtreet was originally called the Jewry, from its
being the reſidence of the Jews in this city; but the Jews
being baniſhed by Edward I. they, upon their re-admiflion
into England, ſettled near Aldgate, in a place from them
called Poor Jewry-lane; on which occafion this, their an-
cient place of abode was called the Old Jewry.
He

4.88
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
He was murdered in his own cathedral church death. And it is probable, that in imitation of
at Canterbury, on Innocent's day, at even, anno thoſe dedications at Acars, this in London might
1170, as he was going up the ſteps towards do the like.
the choir, by four knights, named Reynald Fitz From this St. Thomas anciently was a folemn
Urſe, Hugh de Mortenill, William de Tracy, proceſſion uſed by the new mayor; who, the af-
and Richard Briton, none of which (as the re ternoon of the day he was ſworn at the exchequer,
port is) lived above three years after, and then met with the aldermen here; whence they repaired
died very penitent. And as he ſuffered for his together to St. Paul's, and there prayed for the
zeal in defence of the papacy, we find him ſoon ſoul of the biſhop William at his tomb; who
after canonized, and worſhipped by the pope's was biſhop of London in the time of William the
command.
conqueror. Then they went to the church-yard,
Why this chapel was dedicated to St. Thomas to a place where Thomas-à-Becker's parents lay;
à-Becket, by the name of St. Thomas of Acons, and there they prayed for all faithful ſouls de-
is not perfectly known ; but the following ac parted. And then they went all back to St. Tho-
count, from the X. Scriptores, ſeems very proba mas of Acons again; and both mayor and alder-
ble: when the city of Acars, or Acon, in the Holy
men offered each a penny.
Land called alfo Ptolemnatis) was beſieged by the This hoſpital, after its ſurrender, 30 Hen.
chriſtians, one William, an Engliſhman by na VIII, was purchaſed by the mercers company,
tion, being chaplain to Radulphus de Diceto, dean and opened by them immediately under the name
of London, when he went to Jeruſalem, bound of Mercer's chapel. They were both deſtroyed
himſelf by a vow, that if he ſhould proſperouſly by the fire of London in 1666; after which the
enter Acon, he would build a chapel to St. Tho ſchool was re-eſtabliſhed and built over or near the
mas the Martyr, at his own charge, according ſite of Sc. Mary Cole-church, at the ſouth weſt
to his ability; and would procure there, to the end of the Old Jewry. The hall and chapel were
honour of the ſaid martyr, a church-yard to be rebuilt upon their former foundation, with one
conſecrated; which was done. Then many flock front in Ironmonger-lane, and the other towards
ing from all parts to ſerve in this chapel, Wil Cheapſide; the latter of which is adorned with a
liam himſelf, as a token of his chriſtianity, took very handſome entrance; the door caſe is enriched
on him the name of prior; who, whilſt he ſerved with the figures of two cupids mantling the com-
bodily as a ſoldier of Chriſt, had an eſpecial care pany's arms, and with feftoons, &c. and over it
of the poor, and he freely beſtowed all his dili the balcony is adorned with two pilaſters of the
gence and labour, in burying the bodies of ſuch Ionic order, and a pediment; with the figures
as died, as well natural, as of others who were of Faith, Hope and Charity, and other enta-
flain with the ſword, repreſenting himſelf in
blatures.
man's fight, the next ſucceſſor of that great The inner court is adorned with piazzas, formed
Tobias.
of columns of the Doric order; the hall room
There is another teſtimony out of the Theatre and great parlour are wainſcored with oak, and
of honour, lib. 9. cap. 11. where the author re ornamented with Ionic pilaſters ; and the ceiling
peating the military orders of the Holy Land, with fret work. The chapel is neatly wainſcoted,
faith thus: 6 The order of St. Thomas was in and paved with black and white marble.
ſtituted by the king of England, Richard, ſur The company of mercers, which is the firſt of
named Cour de Lyon, after the ſurprizal of the twelve principal companies, was incorporated
Acars, and being of the Engliſh nation, they | by letters patent, granted by king Richard II. in
held the rule of St. Auguſtin, wore a white habic, the year 1393, under the title of, " The wardens
and a full red croſs, charged in the middle with " and commonalty of the myſtery of the mercers
a white ſcallop; they took for their patron the “ of the city of London.” The inembers of
archbiſhop of Canterbury, the metropolitan of this company are not only exempt from quar-
England, Thomas-à-Becket, who ſuffered mar. terage, but upon their admiſſion to the livery,
tyrdom (as his favourers ſay) under the king of pay only a ſmall fine. They are governed by a
England, Henry II. of that name. Peter de prime, three other wardens, and a court of af-
Rupibus, biſhop of Wincheſter, who had been ſiſtants ; and pay in charitable benefactions about
five years in the Holy Land, removed the church three thouſand pounds per annum.
there of St. Thomas the martyr, from an unfit
More weftward from this hall is King-ſtreet,
place to a more convenient, and cauſed the pa at the north extremity of which ſtands
triarch of Jeruſalem to take order, that the bre-
GUI L D H A L L.
thren of this church, who were before laymen,
might be under the order of the Templers, wear This is the hall in which are kept the nine
ing a croſs on their breaft. He bequeathed alſo courts for tranſacting the buſineſs of the city,
to this houſe of St. Thomas of Acons, 500
marks.” So much M. Paris in vita Hen. III. p. 1. The court of common-council.
472. ſub anno 1238.
2. The court of Lord mayor and aldermen,
Hereby it is clear, that the dedication of this 3. The court of huftings.
hoſpital, or chapel, to Sr. Thomas of Acons, or
4.
The court of orphans.
Acars, muſt have relation to the like dedication of 5. The two courts of the ſheriffs.
the chapel and holy order in the city of Acars, in 6. The court of wardmote.
the Holy land to the fame archbiſhop; all theſe 7. The court of hallmote.
three dedications being near about one and the 8. The court of requeſts, commonly called
ſame time, within few years after the archbiſhop's the court of conſcience.
viz.
9. The

HISTORY and SURVE Y of LONDON. 4.89
9. The Chamberlain's court for binding and ther by the Chamberlain, whoſe office is at the
apprentices, and making them free.
right hand at the head of the ſteps.
In the front of this balcony is a clock, on the
The Guildhall ſtood formerly in or near Alder-
frame of which is carved the four cardinal vir-
manbury, or Alderniens-court, from which fitu tues, with the figure of Time on the top, and a
ation of this hall the ſtreet is ſaid to take its de cock on each ſide of him. Behind this clock
nomination, and conſequently the hall muſt have are two giants of an enormous ſize, which ſtand
been founded before the year 1189; for then we on the outſide of the balcony cloſe to the wall,
find this ſtreet to have had that name. The old one on each ſide; they have black and buſhy
hall, however, being fallen to decay, the preſent beards; one holds an halbert, and the other a
ſtructure was begun in the year 1411, upon a
ball fet round with ſpikes, hanging by a chain
larger and more noble plan, and ten years were to a long ſtaff.
Theſe ornaments are ſuppoſed to
employed in compleating it; towards the charge repreſent an ancient Briton and a Saxon.
whereof the companies gave great benevolences. Round the hall, on fourteen demi-pillars,
,
The executors of Richard Whittington gave a above the capitals, are the king's arms on the
purbeck pavement to the hall, and glazed fome north-eaſtward, and the arms of London on the
of the windows, on each of which Whittington's ſouth-eaſtward pillar : and weſtward from them
arms were placed ; others of the aldermen glaz are the arms of the twelve companies.
ed different windows, and had alſo their arms At the eaſt end are the king's arms, between
painted on the glaſs.
the portraitures, finely painted, of their preſent
The hall being, however, much damaged by majeſties king George III. and queen Charlotte ;
the fire of London in 1666, was repaired and cloſe by the firſt is the picture of queen Caroline;
beautified three years after, at the expence of
and by the latter his late majeſty king George
two thouſand five hundred pounds, in fo effectu II. And at the ſame end of the hall, on che ſouth
al a manner, that it has Itood to the pretent fide, are the pictures of king George I. and queen
time.
Mary; directly oppoſite to which, on the north
The entrance has a ſtately Gothic frontiſpiece, ſide, are thoſe of king William III. and queen
enriched with the king's arms under a cornice, Anne. The inter columns are painted in imita-
pediment and vaſe, and between two cartouches tion of porphyry, and embelliſhed with the pic-
and the city ſupporters, on acroſters, and theſe tures, in full proportion, of twenty two judges,
between two other vaſes, under which are niches ; which were there put up by the city in gratitude
and in the middle of this front are the following for their ſignal ſervices done in determining dif-
words done in gold: (though ſo obliterated by ferences between landlords and tenants, without
time as not to be intelligible to the ſpectator) the expence of law-ſuits, in rebuilding the city,
Reparata et ornata Thoma Rawlinſon, milit. purſuant to an act of parliament, after the fire of
Majore, An. Dom. MDCCVI.
London. To theſe the city of London has late-
ly added the picture, in full proportion, of the
Over the gate is a balcony, above which are late chief juſtice Pratt, now lord Camden, and
placed in niches on each ſide, the figures of lord-high-chancellor of England.
Moſes and Aaron; and on the ſides beneath are At the eaſt end of the hall is held the court of
the four cardinal virtues, over the aperture ; and huſtings, and occaſionally that of the exchequer ;
below the balcony are depicted the arms of the and before the huſtings is held the Court of Con-
twenty-four companies.
ſcience. At the weſt end is held alternately the
On entering this Gothic arch, you come into ſheriffs court for the Poultry and Wood-ſtreet
the hall, which is one hundred and fifty-three compters. Oppoſite to the Chamberlain's office,
feet long, forty-eight broad, and fifty-five feet || already mentioned, is the office of auditors of the
high. The roof is flat, and divided into pan cicy accounts, within which is the Lord-mayor's
nels; the walls on the north and ſouth ſides are court office, where the lord chief-juſtice occafion-
adorned with four Gothic demi-pillars, painted || ally fits in trials by niſi prius. On the weſt ſide
white with blue veins, and gilt capitals, upon of the mayor's court office is the court of Or.
which are the royal armis, and thoſe of Edward phans, where the lord chief-juſtice of the com-
the confeſſor, who, in all probability, had a con mon-pleas occaſionally fits. Adjoining to this
ſiderable ſhare in the foundation of this ancient court on the north is the Old Council Chamber,
building
now uſed by the commiſſioners of bankrupts ;
Nearly fronting the gate are nine or ten ſteps, || contiguous to which is the New Council Cham-
leading to the Lord-mayor's court, over which is ber. Beneath the Mayor's court is the Town
a balcony ſupported at each end by four iron pil Clerk's office, where are depoſited the city ar-
lars in the form of palm-trees; by theſe is a ſmall chieves. To the eaſt and north are the reſidences
incloſure on each ſide on the top of the ſteps, of the Chamberlain and Town Clerk; near
uſed on ſome occaſions as offices for clerks to which are two rooms wherein the buſineſs of
write in, each being juft fufficient to hold one bankrupts is executed. Adjoining to the north-
perſon. Under theſe are two priſons called Lit weſt is the kitchen ; in the porch is the Comp-
tle Eaſe, from the lowneſs of the ceiling, by troller's office; and over it the Iriſh chamber.
which priſoners were obliged to fic on the floor. And over the piazzas on the weſt, are the offices
Theſe priſons are intended for city apprentices, belonging to the Common Serjeant, Remembran-
who upon complaint, and a ſtrict examination
cer, and City Sollicitor.
into the offence, were ſometimes committed thi. This hall is generally uſed for the entertain-
6 H
41
ment

490
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ment of our kings, queens, and other poten alive upon a gridiron, with a flow fire, till he
tates, foreign miniſters, &c. and for chuling the died. And it received the addicional epithet of
Lord-mayors, ſheriffs, inembers of parliament, Jewry, from its ſituation among the Jews, who
&c.
formerly refided in the ſtreets near that church ;
Guildhall-chapel, which is ſituate between Black to diſtinguish it from St. Lawrence Poultney,
well-hall and Guildhall, was founded in the year now demoliſhed.
1299, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen and All This church, which was anciently a rectory,
Saints, and called London college. A chauntry was being given by Hugo de Wickenbroke to Baliol
founded in this chapel for four chaplains, and college in Oxford, anno 1294, the rectory ceaf-
lands and tenements left for their ſupport. It ed; wherefore Richard, biſhop of London, con-
was rebuilt in the reign of Henry VI. and re verted the ſame into a vicarage ; the advowſon
ceived new endowments : bue at the ſuppreſſion whereof ſtill continues in the maſter and ſcholars
of religious houſes it reverted to the crown, and of the ſaid college.
was bought of king Edward VI. with other lands This church being burnt, with many others,
and tenements, for the ſum of 4561. 135. 4d. And in the dreadful fire of London 1666, was rebuile
the city holds itin ſoccage of the manor of Green at the pariſh expence, with a very conſiderable
wich. It was defaced, but not burnt down by benefaction by Sir John Langham; and the pa-
the fire of London in 1666, and, was afterwards riſh of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk-ſtreet, there-
repaired.
unto annexed.
This edifice is perfectly in the Gothic taſte. In It is eighty.one feet long, fixty eight broad,
feveral niches are ſet the figures in ſtone of king foriy feet high to the roof, and the ſteeple one
Edward VI. of queen Elizabeth, with a phoe hundred and thirty feet high. The body is en-
mix under her; and of king Charles I. treading lightened by two ſeries of windows, the lower
on a globe. The windows are extremely large, ones large and uniform, and the upper ſmall.
and the walls within-lide are hung with tapeſtry. At the eaſt end is a pediment with niches, ſup-
Over the aldermen's feats there is a wainſcot co ported by Corinthian columns. The tower, which
vering, and a particular ſeat for the Lord-mayor, is lofty, is terminated by a baluſtrade with plain
adorned with cartouches. There is a gallery at pinnacles, and within this baluſtrade riſes a kind
the weſt end, a handſome wainſcot pulpit and of lanthorn, which ſupports the baſe of the
deſk, and a neat altar piece incloſed with rails ſpire.
and baniſters.
The income to the incumbent, for this united
The chapel remaineth to the mayor and com pariſh, is ſettled by act of parliament at 12cl.
monalty, wherein they have ſervice weekly; as per annum, paid by the pariſh in lieu of tythes,
alſo at the election of mayor, and at the mayor's and zol. per annum from Baliol college.
feafts, &c.
Here is a gift fermon every Tueſday, Thurſ-
On the ſouth fide of this chapel was formerly day and Friday, well endowed by lady Cambden.
a library belonging to Guildhall and the college. And over the veſtry is a free-ſchool.
But it is ſaid that in the reign of king Edward It is an impropriation in the gift of Baliol
VI. Edward duke of Somerſet, then lord pro college. The veftry is general; and the pariſh
tector, ſent for the books with a promiſe of re officers are two churchwardens.
turning them; but that promiſe being never af The church of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk-
ter fulfilled, the room has been long made a ftreet, whoſe pariſh is annexed to St. Lawrence
ftorehouſe for cloths.
Jewry, ſtood on the eaſt fide and towards the
On the north ſide of Cateaton-ftreet, and at ſouth end of Milk-ſtreet, near Cheapfide, in the
the ſouth weſt corner of Guildhall-yard, is ſituate milk market, and was in the gift of the dean and
the pariſh church of
chapter of St. Paul's, as early as the reign of
king Henry 1. The ſite of this church, after the
St. L A WRENCE JEW RY. fire of London, was laid into Honey-lane mar-
ket : but the pariſhioners ſtill maintain their own
This church is thus denominated from its be poor, and have one church warden,
ing dedicated to St. Lawrence, a native of Hueſ. Having thus arrived at the place from whence
ca, in the kingdom of Arragon in Spain, who, we fet off, we ſhall leave this ward, and proceed
after having ſuffered the moſt dreadful torments to the next chapter.
under the emperor Valerian, was cruelly broiled
1
CH A P,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
491
CHAPTER XI.
OF COL E M A N-S T R E E T WAR D.
T
HIS ward takes its name from the prin-
cipal ſtreet therein; ſo called from one
Coleman, who, in all probability, was
either the builder or a principal owner or inhabi-
tant chereof. It is bounded on the north by
Cripplegate ward, Upper Moorfields, and Bi-
Shopſgate ward; on the eaſt by Biſhopſgate ward,
Broad-ſtreet ward, and Cheap ward ; on the ſouth
by Cheap ward; and on the weſt by Bafliſhaw
ward. Its extent from eaſt to weſt is, from the
grate by Lothbury church, to the ſouth ſide of
Ironmonger-lane; but no farther than the ſouth
weſt corner of Balinghall-ſtreet on the north ſide;
and, in the other direction it extends ſouth from
Moorgate to the garden belonging to Grocers-
hall in the Poultry.
This ward is divided into ſix precincts; and is
governed by an alderman, fix common-council-
men, fix conftables, thirteen inqueſt men, fix
ſcavengers, and a beadle.
The principal ſtreets in this ward are, Cole-
man-ſtreet ; the north part of the Old Jewry ;
Lothbury, from Coleman-ſtreet to St. Margaret's
church on the north ſide, and on the ſouth to
about twenty-ſeven feet beyond Princes-ſtreet ;
the north ſide of Cateaton ſtreet, from Baſing-
hall-ſtreet to Coleman ſtreet, and the ſouth ſide
from Ironmonger-lane.
The moſt remarkable buildings are, the pa-
riſh churches of St. Stephen Coleman-ſtreet, St.
Margaret's Lothbury, and St. Olave's Jewry ;
Founders-hall, and the Armourers and Braziers-
This pariſh was antiently a rectory, the pa-
tronage of which was in the dean and chapter of
St. Paul's, till about the year 1181, when it was
transferred by them, with the chapel of St. Ste-
phen, Coleman-ſtreer, to the prior and convent
of Bucley, in Suffolk : and became a vicarage.
At the ſuppreſſion of that convent the impropria-
tion was forfeited to the crown, in which it ſtill
remains.
The old church was burnt down in 1666, and
nade way for the preſent edifice, which is built
partly with brick, and ſtone faceas. It is ſeventy-
eight feet long, twenty-four broad, thirty-ſix feet
high to the roof, and eighty-eight feet to the top of
the tower and pinnacles, which are all of ſtone. The
door is of the Doric order, well proporcioned,
and covered with an arched pediment. The tower
is very plain ; and on the upper part of it riſes a
cornice ſupported by ſcrolls; and upon this plain
attic courſe, on the pillars at the corners, are
placed the pinnacles, upon balls, and each ter-
minated on the top by a ball. It is a well en-
lightened body. The floor is paved with purbeck,
and the walls wainſcoited. The pulpit is enriched
with carvings of cherubims; the altar-piece is
adorned with the king's arms, and the commu-
nion table is ſet upon an anabathrum of black and
white marble.
In this church are likewiſe three famous pieces
of painting
I. Of queen Elizabeth, lying on
a fine couch with her regalia, under an arched
canopy, on which are placed her arms.
king Charles I. 3. Of the figures of Time, with
wings diſplayed, a ſcythe in his right hand, and
an hour glaſs in his left: at his foot is a cupid
dorment, and under him a ſkeleton eight feed
long.
To this church, which is vicarage, is annexed
the pariſh of St. Martin, Ironmonger-lane, and
both together are of the value of : 20l. per annum,
as ſettled by parliament, in lieu of cythes. The
veſtry is general; and the pariſh officers are two
churchwardens.
In this church is a lecture founded at twenty-
nine pounds per annum by lady Weld, Mr.
Vaughn, and Sir John Frederick, to be preached
every Wedneſday, for eight months, to begin
on the firſt Wedneſday in October, and to end
in the laſt Wedneſday in May, annually.
The pariſh of St. Martin Ironmonger-lane
(annexed to St. Olave's Jewry) was a rectory, the
church whereof ſtood at the corner of church-
alley, and on the eaſt ſide of Ironmonger-lane ;
the ſite of which remains now only as a burial
place for the inhabitaots of this pariſh.
The patronage of this rectory appears anciently
to have been in lay hands; for Ralph Tricket,
in the reign of Henry III. granted the ſame
2. Of
hall.
In ſurveying this ward we ſhall begin at that
part of it which takes in the Old Jewry; a ſtreet.
that runs north and ſouth into Cheapſide, and is
inhabited by merchants and perſons of repute.
It retains the ancient name given to this part
of
London on account of its being the principal
place of reſidence for Jews at their firſt arrival
and ſettlement in England after the conqueſt ;
and before that known by the name of Cole-
church-ſtreet, ſo called from the church of St.
Mary Colechurch, fituate at the ſouth end there-
of.
Near the center of this ſtreet, on the weſt ſide,
is ſituate the pariſh church of
S. O L A V E's JE W RY.
This church is of very ancient foundation,
and was originally called St. Olave's Upwell,
from its dedication to the faint of that name,
and probably from a well under the caſt end,
wherein a pump is at this time placed; but
that
gave way to the name of Jewry, owing to
this neighbourhood becoming the principal reſi-
dence of che Jews.

492
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
to the prior and canons of St. Bartholomew in ARMOURERS HALL,
Smithfield, which was confirmed to them by the
ſaid king in the year 1233; from which time it Which is an old pain brick building. The fra-
continued in the ſaid prior and canons till the ternity of armourers were incorporated by king
diſſolution of their convene by Henry VIII. after Henry VI. about the year 1423, by the title of,
which it came to the crown who now preſents - The maſter and wardens, brochers and ſiſters of
to theſe two united livings. The veftry is ge " the fraternity of or guild of St. George, of the
neral; and the pariſh officers are two church men of the myſteries of the armourers of the
wardens.
city of London.” The ſame prince alſo ho-
Near to the north eaſt corner of the Old Jewry noured the company by becoming one of their
ſtood the firit ſynagogue of the Jews, which was members. To this company, which formerly made
deſtroyed in the maſſacre of that nation, when coats of mail, is united that of the braziers, who
ſeven hundred Jews were murdered, and their are jointly governed by a maſter, two wardens,
goods ſpoiled by the citizens of London, in the and a court of affiftants.
year 1262. The ſite whereof was given by queen On the weſt ſide of this ſtreet, and near the
Eleanor to the friars called de penitentia Jeſus, or ſouth end, ftands the parochial church of
de Sacca, an order of begging friars, 56 Henry
III. Afcer whoſe ſuppreſſion, by a decree of the St. S T E P H EN, COLEMAN-STREET.
council of Lyons, king Edward I. in the year
1305, granted leave to the faid friars to aflign un This church is of great antiquity, and was ori-
to Robert Fitz Walter their chapel and church, of ginally a chapel belonging to the dean and chap.
old time called the fynagogue of the Jews, which
ter of St. Paul's, who between the years 1171,
near adjoined with its back front to the nianſion and 1181, granted the church of St Olave Jewry,
place of the ſaid Robert, now Grocerºs-hall. The together with this chapel, as an appendage to it,
ſite of that ſynagogue, &c. after various altera to the prior and abbor of Butley, in Suffolk.
tions is now partly covered with a good private
This chapel was made parochial in the year
dwelling houſe in front, and backward with a 1456, but continued under the patronage of the
handſome capacious meeting-houſe of the preſby- prior and canons of Burley, till the ſuppreſſion of
terian denomination; and with two alms-houſes that convent, when it came to the crown. How-
in Windmill-court, for nine poor widows of ar ever, in the year 1577, queen Elizabeth granted
mourers and braziers, founded by Mr. Tindal, the patronage, together with the church and rec-
and endowed by fix ſhillings per quarcer, and nine tory, to Thomas Paſkins and others, and in 1590
buſhels of coals annually; and with twenty fhil.
co William Daniel, ferjeant at law, and other pa-
lings per quarter to thoſe widows who are incap-
riſhioners ; which rectory impropriate, and right
able of doing any buſineſs.
of advowfon, have been held by the pariſh in fee-
On this ſpot, in ancient times, ſtood one large farm of the crown ever ſince.
building of ſtone, made in the place of the Jews The old church ſharing the common fate in the
houſes, which reached from the pariſh church of dreadful fire of London in 1666, the preſent
St. Olave to the north end of the Old Jewry, ſtructure was erected in its ſtead about four years
and fron; thence weſt to the north end of Iron after. It is a plain, neat, and folid building,
monger-lane; and from the ſaid corner into Iron ſtrengthened with ruſtic at the corners, and en-
monger-lane, almoſt to the pariſh church of St. lightened by one ſeries of large windows, with a
Martin ; but of what antiquity, or by whom the handſome cornice, and one of the broadeſt ceil-
ſame was built, or for what uſe, is uncertain ; ings and roofs that can be ſeen, without a pillar
more than that king Henry VI. in the 16th of to ſupport it. The ſteeple is a ſquare tower,
his reign, gave the office of porter or keeper crowned with a lantern, which has four faces,
thereof to John Stent, for the term of his life, and incloſes the facring-bell, to call the pariſhion-
by the name of his principal palace in the Old ers to prayers, read twice here every day, for
Jewry. And king Richard III. committed the which the pariſh pays the vicar 2ol. per annum.
keeping of the prince's wardrobe (for ſo it was The front is adorned with a cornice, two pine-
afterwards called) to his truſty ſervant John Ken. | apples, and the figure of a cock handſomely
dall, his ſecretary, by his patent, dated Decem- || carved. Within it is well wainſcorted and pewed,
ber 12, 1483, and left him to dwell in the ſame. has a handſome pulpit neatly carved, and an al-
And in the reign of Edward VI. it was aleniated tar-piece adorned with the king's arms, carved,
from the crown, being called a great meſſuage, gilt, and depicted, a black and white marble foot
under the name of the prince's wardrobe ; to piece to the communion table, incloſed with a
which belonged divers houſes ; edifices, gardens, neat rail and bannifter; and at the weſt end is a
&c. being ſold to Sir Anthony Cope, a privy commodious wainſcot gallery.
counſellor in 3 Edward VI. for fixty pounds, and On the north fide is the green church-yard:
in confideration of ſervices; the yearly value be on the ſouth is a large pavement that covers a
ing reckoned at fix pounds twelve ſhillings and burial vault the whole length of the church: to
which pavement you aſcend by ſeveral ſteps,
Nearly oppoſite the north end of the Old Jewry || through a gate, over which is cut in ſtone a moſt
is Coleman-ſtreet, which is a broad ſpacious ſtreet, curious repreſentation of the general reſurrection.
and well inhabited by eminent merchants, and
This living is ſettled at viol. per annum by
reputable cradeſmen and ſhopkeepers. Near the act of parliament. The advowſon is in the pa-
north eaſt corner of this ſtreet ſtands
riſhioners that pay to church and poor. The
veftry
four pence.

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
494
counts.
2
veſtry is in ſome caſes ſelect; and the pariſh of- | Jeſus by John baptiſt, and Philip baptizing the
ficers are two churchwardens and four overſeers. eunuch: and the cover is adorned with the
Among the monumental inſcriptions in this figures of St. Margaret, Faith, Hope, and Cha-
church are the following:
rity. brenda
On the north ſide of the church, in the church-
1. Our life is all but death; time that enſueth; yard, is a good parſonage houſe. The value of
Is but the death of time that went before : the living is ſettled by act of parliament at iool.
Youth is the death of childhood; age of youth. per annum in lieu of tythes. The veſtry is gene-
Die once to God, and then thou dieſt no more. ral, and the pariſh officers are, two churchwar-
dens, four overſeers, and twelve auditors of ac-
2. Agnes the wife of Leonard Darr, whoſe ſight,
By fickneſs much impair’d, in heav'nly light,
More weſtward from this church is Founders-
Look'd, liv'd and died, as dimneſs her were given; court, at the north end of which is ſituate
That her ſoul's eyes might better look to heav'n.
FOUNDERS H A L L.
On the eaſt ſide of Coleman-ftreet, farther
north, is Great Bell-alley, which runs eaſt and This hall is not only uſed for tranſacting the
weſt, and makes an angle with Little Bell-alley, buſineſs of the company, but likewiſe let out to
that runs north and fouth to Thompſon's-rents. a congregation of the Scotch kirk; of which de-
The weſt ſide of Little Bell-alley opens into nomination there is but one other in England.
Pitchers-court, Mulberry-court and White’s-alley, The fraternity of Founders was incorporated
which is long and narrow, leading into Coleman by letters patent of the 12th of king James I.
ſtreet. In the middle of this alley is a place called in the year 1614, by the name of “ The maſter,
Alms-houſe-yard, containing fix houſes, for fix 56 wardens, and commonalty of the myſtery of
poor men and their wives, and the ſurvivors of “ Founders of the city of London ;” and they
them, in the gift of the leatherſellers company. have power to ſearch all braſs weights, and braſs
Ac the north eaſt corner of Lothbury, which and copper wares, within the city of London,
is well built and inhabited, ſtands the parochial and three miles thereof. And all makers of braſs
church of
weights within that circuit are obliged to have
their ſeveral weights ſized by the company's
St. MARGARET, LOTHBURY. ſtandard, and inarked with their common mark:
and ſuch of theſe weights as are of avoirdupois,
This church receives its name from being de to be ſealed at the Guildhall of this city; and
dicated to St. Margaret, a virgin faint of An thoſe of troy weight at Goldſmiths-hall.
tioch, who ſuffered martyrdom in the reign of This company enjoys the privilege of the li-
the emperor Decius; and the addicional appella very, and is governed by a maſter, two wardens,
tion of Lothbury is to point out its ſituation, and and a court of affiftants.
diſtinguiſh it from the other churches in this city At the north-eaſt extremity of this ward, on
of the ſame name. The antiquity of its founda the ſouth ſide of Moorfields, is ſituate
SU
tion may be collected from the preſentation of
John de Haningfield to this rectory, by the abbeſs BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL.
and convent of Barking in Effex, on the ſixteenth
of Auguſt, in the year 1303, in whom the ad This hoſpital, as before obſerved in the ſurvey
vowſon continued, till the convent being ſuppreſ of Biſhopſgate, was founded for lunatics, near the
ſed, it fell to the crown, in whom it ſtill re. north eaſt corner of Lower Moorfields, in Bi-
mains.
ſhopſgate pariſh. But that becoming ruinous,
The old church, which was built in 1440, be and unable to anſwer the ends of that laudable
ing deſtroyed by the general conflagration in charity, the Lord-mayor, aldermen, and com-
1666, the preſent ſtone edifice was erected in its mon-council, granted the governors the piece of
ſtead, and compleated in 1690. It ſtands upon ground on which this hoſpital now ſtands; the
the ancient courſe of Wallbrook, and is a plain, foundation of which was laid in the inonth of
neat building. It is fixty-ſix feet in length, and April 1675. And the expence of erecting this
fifty-four in breadth: the height to the roof edifice, beſides that of building the wings, a-
is thirty-fix, and the height of the ſteeple 140 mounted to near 17,000l.
feet. The body is well enlightened by a row of This magnificent building, (excluſive of the
lofty windows; over which the wall is terminated two wings which were added after its firſt erec-
by a baluſtrade; and the principal door is orna tion) is 540 feet in length, and 40 feet in breadth.
mented with Corinthian columns, which ſupport The middle and ends, which project a little,
an angular pediment. The tower has large win are adorned with pilaſters, entablatures, foliages,
dows in the uppermoſt ſtage, and is terminated a and other ornaments, and riſing above the reſt of
little above by a plain cornice, upon which is the building, have each a flat roof with a hand-
raiſed a ſmall dome that ſupports a ſlender ſpire. ſome baluſtrade of ſtone, in the center of which
Within it is wainſcotted; the floor neatly paved; is an elegant turret. That in the middle is adorn-
the pulpit veneered; the altar-piece ornamented; ed with a clock and three dials, a gilt ball, and
and the font remarkably handſome, the baſon and a fane at the top.
being carved, and repreſenting the garden of The entrance is grand, and the figures on the
Eden, and the Fall of Man; the ſalvation of piers, one repreſenting raving, and the other
Noah and his family in the ark; the baptiſm of melancholy madneſs, are finely expreſſed, and do
6 I
honour
42

494
HISTOŘr and SURVÈr of LONDON.
honour to their author Mr. Cibber, father of the of the houſe takes care to have bim delivered to
late poet laureat. Before this fabric is a hand his friends: at which time the patient is furniſhed
fone wall 680 feet in length, which, like the with medicines to prevent a relapſe.
ſtructure itſelf, is built with brick and ſtone. It The hoſpitals of Bethlehem and Bridewell being
enclofes a range of gardens neatly adorned with made one corporation, they have the ſame preſi-
walks of broad ſtone, graſs plats and trees, dent, treaſurer, clerk, phyſician, ſurgeon and
wherein thoſe of the lunaticks who are well enough apothecary ; yet each hoſpital has its proper ſtew-
to be ſuffered to go about, are allowed to walk ard and inferior officers, and a particular com-
there and enjoy the benefit of the freſh air. In mittee is choſen out of the governors for each.
the middle of this wall is a large pair of fine iron Out of that appointed for Bethlehem, there are
gates, and by them a finall entrance for the ad fix who meet every Saturday, to examine the
miſſion of thoſe who come out of curioſity to viſit ſtewards account of expençes for the preceding
this hoſpital
week, and to ſign it afrer it is approved : they alſo
The inſide chiefly conſiſts of two galleries one view the proviſions, examine the patients that are
over the other, which croſs the wings, and are to be received or diſcharged, and have the direc-
193 yards long, thirteen feet high, and fixteen cion of other affairs belonging to this hoſpital.
féet broad; without including the cells for the Moorfields, in which this hoſpital is ſituate, is
patients, which are twelve feer deep. Theſe gal divided into four ſquares impaled, and each
leries are divided in the middle by two iron grates, ſquare planted regularly with elm trees round a
in order to ſeparate the men from the women; the graſs plat. Between theſe ſquares, or quarters as
latter being confined to the weſtern part, and the they are generally called, are broad gravel walks
former to the eaſtern part of the hoſpital. At the from eaſt to weſt, and from north to ſouth, which,
entrance, between theſe two grates in the lower with the trees on each ſide, form a tolerable viſta,
gallery, and on the right hand cloſe to the por and is ſo well frequented by the citizens of both
ter's lodge, is an handſome apartment for the ſexes in the evenings and fine weather to walk in,
ſteward, who is the manager, under the direction that it has obtained the name of the city mall.
of the committee. On the left hand is the com The houſes on the north and eaſt are occupied
mittee room, where they fit every Saturday to re principally by brokers, who deal in both new and
ceive and diſcharge patients ; and at each end of old houſhold goods. And the ſouth ſide is en-
this gallery the warder of the diviſion has a par- | tirely encloſed by Bethlehem hoſpital.
Eicular apartment. Above there are commodious At the weſt end of this hoſpital formerly ſtood
apartments for the porter, matron, nurſe, and Moorgate; and on the paved ſtones, commonly
fervants. Below ſtairs there is a good kitchen, called Pavement-row, there is a meeting houſe of
and all neceſſary offices for keeping and dreſſing the independent denomination.
proviſions, waſhing, &c. And at the fouth eaft Oppoſite the weſt end of Bethlehem, alias
corner there is the ſurgeon's quarter, with a bath Bedlam hoſpiral, is Fore-ſtreet, which is one of
for the patients, fo contrived as to be hot or cold, thoſe improved by virtue of the late act of par-
as occafion ſhall require.
liament. This ſtreet runs in a direct line to
There are about two hundred cells, or rooms Cripplegate church; and from narrow, confined,
for patients, which are generally full and furniſhed irregular, and mean buildings, it is become an
with a bed, when the patient is found capable of open, ſpacious ſtreet, accommodated with good
uſing one ; or with clean ſtraw every day, when houſes, and well inhabited. The city wall from
the patient is miſchievous, and ſtroys every
Moorgate to Cripplegate is removed, and the
thing that comes in the way.
two pofterns, that faced Baſinghall-ſtreet and Al-
The method of obtaining admiſſion into this dermanbury have been taken down, and the paſme
hoſpital is by petitioning to the committee; the ſages into Fore-ſtreet widened, and lined with
petition to be ſigned by one or more of the go good and ſubſtantial houſes. Among the various
vernors. Then the committee and phyſician, who buildings which gave way to this improvement,
always attend on Saturdays, having examined and was Loriners-hal], fituated upon London-wall,
found the peticioner a proper object of their cha between Moorgate and Baſinghall-ſtreet.
rity, he is admitted, upon bond given by two This company of Loriners or bitt-makers were
houſekeepers in London, to take himn away when not incorporated till the year 1712, by the appel-
difcharged, and to be at the expence of his burial lation of " The maſter, wardens, aſſiſtants, and
if he dies, and to provide him with cloachs. “ commonalty of Loriners, London,” They have
When a patient is cured he is called before the a livery; and are governed by a maſter, two war-
committee and phyſicians, who examine him; dens, and a court of affiftants, who at preſent
and, if found fit to be diſcharged, the phyſician tranſact their bufineſs at coach-makers-hall in
gives a certificate to that purport, and the ſteward Noble-ſtreet.
СНАР,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
495
CHAPTER XII.
Of CORD WAIN ERS-STRE E T WAR D:
D
T
HIS ward takes its name from the occu in the ward goeth no farther than St, Thomasa
pation of its principal inhabitants; who Apoſtles.
were cordwainers, or ſhoe-makers, cur Pancras-lane comes out of New Queen ſtreetz
riers, or other workers in leather. It is bounded and falls into Bucklerſbury; but only the ſouth
on the north by Cheap ward ; on the weſt by ſide of it is in this ward. On the north fide of
Bread-ſtreet ward ; on the ſouth by Vintry ward; this lane (before the fire in 1666) ſtood iwo
and on the eaſt by Wallbrook ward.
churches, viz. Pancras Sopers-lane, and St. Ben-
The extent of this ward from the eaſt begins net's Sherehog, both of which have been already
on the weſt ſide of Wallbrook, and runs weſt to mentioned.
wards Budge-row, and thence up Watling-ſtreet, Sithe-lane comes out of Pancras-lane, and falls
as far as Red-lion-court: within which compaſs into Budge-row, by St. Anthony's-church, a lane
are theſe principal ſtreets, or parts of them, viz. well built and inhabited by merchants.
Watling-ſtreet, Bow-lane, Queen-ſtreet, Pancras Budge-row (which is ſo called from the Budge
lane, Sithe-lane, Budge-row, Tower-royal, St. Furr and Skinners dwelling there) takes its riſe
Thomas Apoſtles, and Little St. Thomas Apof from Watling-ſtreet, and runs eaſtward to Canon-
tles; excluſive of the courts, alleys, &c. It is ſtreet; from which it is ſevered by Wallbrook on
divided into eight precincts; and is governed by the north, and Dowgate on the ſouth. In this
an alderman, cight common.council-men, eight ſtreet is
conftables, fourteen inqueſt-men, eight ſcaven Dodſon's.court, a large place, well built, and
gers and a beadle.
inhabited, and hath a paſſage into Cloak-lane.
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward at Bow On the ſouth ſide is a paſſage that leads into
lane, which begins at Trinity-lane, and falls into Tower-royal-ſtreet, which comes out of Budge:
Cheapſide by St. Mary-le-Bow-church. That row, and falls into St. Thomas Apoftle. In this
part of it which is in this ward begins about fifty | ſtreet are two ſmall courts, one of which bears
feet from Cheapfide, on both ſides the way; and the name of the ſtreet : the other is called Straw-
ſixty feet beyond Baling-lane; and then on the berry-coure.
weft only to Trinity-lane.
In Little St. Thomas are theſe courts :
In this lane are the following courts, and places Croſs-keys-court, which is but ſmall.
of note, viz.
Key court, likewiſe ſmall and ordinary.
Eagle-court, pretty open, and indifferently
Half-moon-court, by ſome called Lugg-yard, well built and inhabited, with a freeſtone pave-
a place fomething open but ordinary : it is like-
wiſe called Whale-bone-court, from its being Having thus ſurveyed the principal ſtreets,
once inhabited by a perſon who uſed to boil whale lanes, courts, &c. in this ward, we ſhall now
bone.
proceed to deſcribe the moſt remarkable build-
Taylor's-court, a handſome, open place. ings, beginning with the pariſh church of
Robinhood’s-court, indifferent long, and well
built.
St. M A R Y L E BO W.
New-court, a handſome genteel place, with a
door next the ſtreet, to ſhut up on nights.
This church, which is a rectory, and the chief
Gooſe-alley, but ordinary; at the upper end of the thirteen peculiars belonging to the arch-
of which is
biſhop of Canterbury, is ſituate at the north weſt
Twelve-bell-court, which is but ſmall and nar angle of Bow-lane ; and is ſo denominated from
row. It hath a paſſage through
its dedication to the Virgin Mary, and the arches
Compter’s-alley into Bow-church-yard; both or bows wherewith the ſteeple was antiently em-
places of ſmall account.
belliſhed.
George-alley, or yard, but narrow, hath a paſ Though we cannot aſcertain the time when, or
ſage into New Queen-ſtreet, through
by whom this church was founded, Sir Chrifto-
Weld-court, which is a handſome ſquare place, | pher Wren, the ingenious architect, who rebuild
with well built and inhabited houſes.
the churches of this city after the conflagration in
Roſe-court, but mean and ordinary.
1666, was of opinion that this was an ancient
New Queen-ftreet, which is built in the place Roman chriſtian church. It may, indeed, ree
where (before the fire of London) Soper's-lane ſemble the architecture of that people; but that
ſtood, is a handſome ſpacious ſtreet well inhabited: it was not of their conſtruction is evident from its
it fronts King-ſtreet, which is oppoſite to Guild having been erected in the time of William the
hall, and runs in a ſtrait line down to the Thames, | Conqueror. And as it was the firſt church in
at the Three-cranes; but chat part of ic which is this city, that was built with arches, it was
therefore
ment.

496
HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON.
therefore denominated New-May church; which After the fire of London, the parliament unit-
åppellation has been ſince converted into that of ed to this church the pariſhes of Allhallows Ho-
St. Mary-le-Bow.
ney-lane, and St. Pancras, whereby the incuma
In the hiſtory of the ancient edifice, we find, bent's profits were conſiderably increaſed ; he
that in the year 1271, a great number of people || receiving, beſides glebe, caſualties, and three
were deſtroyed, and many more maimed by the parſonage houſes, 200l. per annum in lieu of
falling of the ſteeple*; after which it remained tythes.
without one till the year 1512, when it was finiſh The veftry is general, and the pariſh officers
ed upon the old plan, with ſtone brought from are, two churchwardens and two collectors.
Caen in Normandy; and thus continued till it Allhallows Honey lane was a rectory ; the
was deſtroyed with the other buildings in the church whereof ſtood where the eaſt end of Ho-
city, by the fire in 1666.
ney-lane market is now ſituate.
The preſent noble ſtructure, which was built The advowſon of this church was anciently in
by the great Sir Chriſtopher Wren, + was finiſhed private hands, as appears by Simon de Crapping,
in 1673, and is chiefly admired for the elegance a citizen of London, preſenting William de Co-
of its ſteeple, which is excremnely light in its af ventre thereto in the year 1327. But in the
pect, and though very high and full of openings, year 1471 it came to the conipany of Grocers, in
ſecure from any fecond fall by the geometrical whom it ſtill remains. It is united to St. Mary-
proportion and lightneſs of its ſeveral parts. le-Bow; but preſerves its right as a pariſh to hold
The tower is ſquare from the ground, and in a general veftry, and to chuſe one churchwarden,
this form riſes to a conſiderable height; but with who is alſo colle&tor for the poor. Ian 12
more ornament as it advances. The principal The church of St. Pancras, which was a rece
decoration of the tower part is the entrance, which tory, ſtood, before the fire of London, on the
is a noble, lofty, and well proportioned arch, on north fide of St. Pancras-lane, near to Soper's-
two of the ſides faced with a bold ruſtic, and lane, now called New Queen-ſtreet.
raiſed on a plain folid courſe from the foundation. The patronage of this rectory was in the prior
Within the arch is a portal of the Doric order: and canons of Canterbury, cill they granted the
the frize örnamented in tryglyphs, and with advowſon thereof to Simon the archbishop in the
ſculpture in the meropes : over this arch is an year 1365; ſince which time it has been in the
opening, with a ſmall balcony, which anſwers to collation of the archbiſhop of that fee.is At
a window on the other face. The firſt ſtage is preſent the pariſh being united by act of
terminated by an elegant cornice, over which parliament to St. Mary-le-Bow, the ſite of the
again riſes a plain courſe, where a dial projects. || church remains only as a burial.place for the in
Above this, in each face, is a large arched win- || habitants. The veſtry, is general, and the pa-
dow, with coupled Ionic pilaſters at the ſides riſh officers are two church wardens.
near the corners. The cornice over the windows Near the middle of Bow-lane, on the eaſt ſides
fupports an elegant baluſtrade, with attic pillars is ſituate the pariſh church of 't og vi
over the Ionic columns, ſupporting turrets, each Ebbq asaros gruwoli tasas de ce
compoſed of four handſome ſcrolls, which join St. MARY ALDERM.AR Y. 10
at the top, where are placed urns with Aames.
From this part the ſteeple riſes circular. There || This church, which is a rectory, owėsi its
is a plain courſe to the height of half the ſcrolls, name to its dedication to the Virgin Mary afore-
and upon this are raiſed a circular range of Co ſaid; and the additional epithet of Aldermary,
rinthian columns, while the body of the ſteeple or Elder Mary, from its being the oldeſt church
is continued round and plain within them. Theſe in this city dedicated to the laid virgin. It is
ſupport a ſecond baluſtrade, with very large one of the peculiars belonging to the archbiſhop
ſcrolls extending from it to the body of the of Canterbury, and was founded before the
fteeple. Above theſe are placed a ſeries of com.
conqueft, under the Saxon kings.
poſite columns, and from the entablature riſes
In the year 1510 Sir Henry Keble, Lord-
another ſet of fcrolls, ſupporting the ſpire, which mayor of London, bequeathed roool. towards
reſts upon four balls, and is terminated by a rebuilding this church. And, in 1626, William
globe, whence riſes a fane in the form of a dra Rodoway gave, towards the building of the
gon.
ſteeple then greatly decayed, the ſum of 30001.
The author of the Critical Review of the and Richard Pierfon, about the ſame year, gave
public buildings fays, “ The ſteeple of Bow 200 marks towards the ſame works, with condi-
s church is a maſter-piece in a peculiar ſtyle of tion that this ſteeple, thus to be built, ſhould
building : it is, beyond queſtion, as perfect as follow its ancient pattern, and go forward, and
“ human imagination can contrive or execute : be finiſhed, according to the foundation of it laid
" and, till we ſee it outdone, we ſhall hardly before by Sir Henry Keble, which, within three
" think it to be equalled.” In this church
years after, was fo finiſhed, that, notwithſtanding
are twelve bells, whoſe harmony is faid to be ſu: the body of the church was burnt in the fire of
perior to any other ſet in the kingdom.) ALOE 1666, the ſteeple remained firm and good. That
side
end
OLE
* See page 56.
deep through made ground, under which he found a Roman
+ In digging the foundation for the new ground (the cauſeway, four feet thick, of rough ftone, cloſe and well
preſent edifice being brought about forty feet more towards rammed, with Roman brick and rubbiſh at the bottom ; on
the high-ftreet, fo as to make it range with the houſes) Sir which cauſeway Sir Chriſtoper laid the foundation of this
Chriſtopher, to his great ſurprize, funk about eighteen feet weighty and lofty tower.
part

Caputh pony °
pump scaud'un:S pamē MOQ JUVK:s puy eyumpy hamunopps*xuVW:s baum
, prm
AB
ORI
ER!!
111100
MIGIUSTO
270EUDE BERTILIKU
Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London).

HISTORIC and SURVEY of LONDON
4.97
part of it which was conſumed was afterwards St. ANTHONY, commonly called St, ANTLIN.
rebuilt in its preſent form by the munificence of
Henry Rogers, efq; as appears by the following This church, which is a rectory, is ſo denomi-
inſcription over the weſt door of the church. nated from its dedication to St. Anthony, an
Ædes hæc Deo O. M. jam olim facra, que com Egyptian hermit, and founder of the order of
muni Urbis Incendis ad Cineres redacta, impenfis Eremites of St. Anthony.
Una Manu, ſed larga & ſanctiſſimè prodiga, inte-
The
patronage of this church is in the dean
gre Quinque Librarum Millibus ſurrrexit denus and chapter of St. Paul's, who alſo give inſtitu-
maxime munificentior. Tam piam Beneficentian tion to it. Its foundation is not certainly known ;
Henrico Rogers, Armigero, Edwardi Rogers, de but it was in the gift of the canons of St. Paul's
Cannington, Militis, & fub Mariana Perſecutione in the year 1181.
Xti, militantis, Pronepoti & Pietatis etiam Hæredi The old church was deſtroyed by the fire in
honeſta hæc & ingenua Fronte fatetur. A. D. 1666, and the preſent edifice finiſhed in 1682. It
MDCLXXXI. Memoria Juſti in Benedi&tione. is built of ſtone, and is of the Tuſcan order, firm
This Gothic edifice is very ſpacious, it being and maſſy. The length of the church is fixty-fix
an hundred feet in length and fixty-three in feet, and breadth fifty-four. The roof is a cu-
breadth; the height of the roof is forty-five feet, pola of an elliptic form, enlightened by four port-
and that of the ſteeple an hundred and thirty.five. hole windows, and ſupported by compoſite co-
The body is enlightened by a ſingle ſeries of lumns. The ſteeple conſiſts of a tower, and a
large Gothic windows. The wall has well con very neat ſpire.
trived buttreffes and battlements; theſe buttreffes The pariſh of St. John Baptiſt is annexed to
run up pilaſter faſhion, in two ſtages, not pro this by act of parliament, and the rector receives
jecting in the old manner from the body of the 1201. per annum in lieu of tythes.
building. The tower, which is full of ornament, There are prayers in this church every morn-
conſiſts of five ſtages, each of which, except the ing, and a ſermon preached on the ſix working
loweſt, has one Gothic window; and the pinna- days by differenĆ clergymen, each of whom re-
cles, which are properly ſo many turrets, are con-
ceives about twelve pounds per annum.
Which
tinued at each corner down to the ground, divide morning lecture was founded by the contribution
ed into ftages as the body of the tower, and of the pariſh, and of divers other pious perfons,
cabled with ſmall pillars bound round it, with who gave in money 5931. 6s. 8d. and in yearly
a kind of arched work, and ſubdiviſions be rents fixty-two pounds. Here is likewiſe a rent
charge of ten pounds per annum paid to the reca
The pariſh church of St. Thomas Apoſtles be tor on St. Thomas's day, left by one Mrs. Parker,
ing by act of parliament annexed to this church, who alſo gave five pounds to the clerk, and five
the profits of the rector are greatly augmented, | pounds to the poor. The veſtry is general; and
he receiving 150l. per annum in lieu of tythes, the pariſh officers are two churchwardens and four
and about 100l. a year by glebe. The veftry is
auditors of accounts.
general, and the pariſh officers are, two church The church of St. John Baptiſt, whoſe pariſh
wardens (one of whom is collector) two ſideſmen is annexed to the above, ſtood fó near Wallbrook,
and four auditors of accounts.
that it has ſometimes been recorded by the name
There are two alms houſes in this pariſh for of St. John upon Wallbrook.
the poor of the Salters company.
The antiquity of this church may be collected
The church of St. Thomas Apoſtles, before from the mention thereof by Ralph de Diceto,
the fire of London, ftood where the burial place dean of St. Paul's in the year 1181, whoſe canons
now is in Queen-ſtreet. It is a rectory of great were the patrons, and gave it to the prioreſs and
antiquity, dedicated to St. Thomas the Apoſtle, convent of St. Helen, London, in whom it con-
and in the gift of the dean and chapter of St. tinued till the ſuppreſſion of their nunnery, when
Paul's ; ſo that the archbiſhop of Canterbury and it came to the crown in which it ſtill remains. So
the dean of St. Paul's, preſent alternately to this that the preſentation to theſe united pariſhes is
united living
alternately in the king and dean and chapter of
The veftry of this pariſh is general, and the St. Paul's.
officers are two churchwardens and two ſidef The ſite of St. John Baptiſt is converted into a
burial place for the inhabitants of this pariſh,
At the ſouth-weſt corner of Sithe-lane, on the who ſtill maintain the form of their own govern-
north ſide, and near the weſt end of Wacling ment, in a general veſtry, and two churchwar-
ſtreer, is ſituate the pariſh church of
dens.
tween.
men.
ਹੀ ੧੦੧
42
6 K
С НА Р.

498
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
CHAPTER XIII.
fos Of
C OR N H I L L
W A R D.
C
Ornhill-ward receives its name from the than the north paſſage, and the front houſes op-
principal ſtreet therein, which was ſo call. poſite the Royal Exchange.
ed from a corn market anciently kept Pope's-head-alley takes its name from a noted
there.
tavern and eating-houſe formerly ſituated therein,
This ward is bounded on the eaſt by Biſhopf whoſe fign, for ſeveral ages, was the Pope’s-head.
gate ward; on the north by Broad-ſtreet ward ; This alley is narrow, and leads into Lombard-
on the weſt by Cheap ward; and on the ſouth by ſtreet ; but well inhabited by thoſe whoſe buſi-
Langbourn ward. Its extent is very ſmall: for, nefs requires their attendance near the Royal Ex-
beginning on the north eaſt, at the ſouth eaſt cor change. Only the north entrance and front houſe
ner of St. Martin Outwich's church, it runs in in Cornhill is in this ward.
ſeveral windings ſouth weſt, to the weſt extent The remarkable buildings in this ward confift
of Cornhill : then beginning again on the north only of three, viz. St. Michael's church, St. Pe-
at about fifty feet from the ſouth weſt corner of ter's church, and
Bishopſgate-ſtreet, it runs fouth to St. Peter's-
alley in Gracechurch-ſtreet, and from thence by The ROYAL EXCHANGE.
divers windings to the ſouth weſt corner of Corn-
hill.
Which laſt is fituate between Sweeting's-alley
This ward is divided into four precincts, and and Caftle-alley; and was originally built by Sir
is governed by an alderman, fix common-council Thomas Greſham. See page 205. The old edi-
men, four conſtables, fixteen inqueft-men, four fice was deſtroyed in the great fire of London in
ſcavengers, and a beadle.
the year 1666: in whoſe place the preſent mag-
On the north ſide of Cornhill are ſeveral lanes, nificent ſtructure was raiſed at the expence of
courts, &c. as Star-court, Weigh houſe-yard, 80,00ol.
BE
Newman’s-yard, Finch-lane, Freeman’s-court, The ground plot of this building is 203 feet in
Sweeting’s-alley, Caſtle-alley, and the opening to length; 171 feet in breadth, and the area in the
the Bank. On the fouth ſide there are Peter's-alley, middle 61 ſquare perches, and is ſurrounded with
Michael’s-alley, Birchin-lane, Change-alley, and a ſubſtancial and regular ſtone building wrought
Pope's-head-alley. There is no more than about in ruſtic. In each of the principal fronts, which
feet on both fides of Finch-lane from Corn are north and fouth, is a piazza; and in the cen-
hill in this ward; nor any more of Sweeting's ter are the grand entrances into the area, under
alley than as far as the eaſt paſſage or entrance an extreme lofty and noble arch. The fouth
into the Royal Exchange, and one third at the front in Cornhill is the principal, on each ſide of
ſouth end of Caêle-alley, the whole weſt ſide of which are Corinthian demi-columns, fupporting
which is covered with a new building, erected by a compaſs pediment; and in the intercolumnia-
the Bank, whoſe front is towards the new open tion on each ſide, in the front next the ſtreet, is
ing.
a niche, with the figures of King Charles I. and
Birchin-lane, corruptly from Burchover-lane, king Charlrs II. in Roman habits, and well exe-
fo denominated from the builder, has a ſmall part, cured. Over the aperture, on the cornice be
about 170 feet on both fides of the way, in this tween the two pediments, are the king's arms in
ward; and is chiefly inhabited by reputable tradeſ relievo ; on each ſide of this entrance is a range
of windows, placed between demi-columns, and
'Change-alley, ſo called from its vicinity to the pilaſters of the compoſite order, above which
Royal Exchange, and the connexion or buſineſs runs a baluſtrade.
there is between them, is fituate with its north The height of the building is fifty-fix
feet ; and
entrance facing the ſouth gate of the Royal-Ex from , a
change. This place is univerſally known through turret 178 feet high, on the top of which is a
out the mercantile part of the world, on account fane in the form of a Graſshopper, made of po-
of the buſineſs tranſacted there in money affairs ; liſhed braſs, eſteemed a very fine piece of work-
it being the grand market for buying and ſelling manſhip; a Graſshopper being the creſt of Sir
ftocks, lottery tickets, &c. And the coffee-houſes Thomas Greſham's arms. This turret and fane
called Jonathan's, Garraway's, Baker's, &c. has been very lately repaired and beautifaed.
within this diſtrict, are contrived for the reception The north front in Threadneedle-ftreet is
and entertainment of merchants, brokers, &c. adorned with pilaſters of the compoſite order ;
who aſſemble here daily in great numbers from but has neither columns nor ftatues on the outſide;
all parts of the world. But it is to be obſerved | and, inſtead of the two compaſs pediments, has
that no more of this alley is within Cornhill-ward, a triangular one,
The
113
men,
Change alley, fo called from its vicinity to the

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London.
7400
BE
Intru
HI
View of the ROYAL EXCHANGE
EEN EISEENEDEKADELINE
2013
Cher
Greſham College as it appeared before it was taken Down to build an
Exciſe ‘Office

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
499
The inſide of the area is ſurrounded with pi In this area merchants, and ſuch as have deal.
azzas alſo ; forming ambulatories for merchants, ings with them, meet every day, as in the center
&c. to ſhelter themſelves from weather, when of mercantile buſineſs, between twelve at noon,
met there upon buſineſs. Above the arches of and three o'clock : and for the more regular and
This quadranglar piazza is an entablature ſtanding eaſy diſpatch of buſineſs, they diſpoſe of them-
round, and a compaſs pediment in the middle of ſelves in ſeparate walks, adapted to the reſpective
the cornice of each of the four ſides. Under the places to and from which they trade, .
pediment, on the north ſide, are the king's arms; Within the piazzas of the north and fouth fronts
on the ſouth the city arms; on the eaſt Sir Tho are two ſpacious ſtair-caſes with iron rails, and
mas Greſham's arms; and on the weſt the mer black marble ſteps; theſe lead into a kind of
cers arms, with their reſpective enrichments. gallery that extends round the four fides of the
There are twenty-four niches in the inter co building, and in which were formerly about two
lumns, twenty of which are filled with the ſtatues hundred ſhops, occupied by milliners, haber-
of the kings and queens of England, ſtanding | daſhers, &c. and lett from twenty pounds to ſixty
erect in their royal robes, and with the regalia, pounds a year each: but trade taking another
except three, which are dreſſed like Roman Cæ-
turn, thoſe ſhops have been long deſerted ; and
ſars. Among theſe has been lately put up the the galleries are now let out to the Royal Ex-
ftatue of his preſent majeſty king George III. change aſſurance office; the merchants feamens
Within this area, under the piazzas, are twenty office, the marine ſociety, and to auctioneers, &c.
eight niches, which are all vacant but that in And under the area are vaults occupied by the
which Sir Thomas Greſham's ftatue is placed in Eaſt-India company as a pepper warehouſe.
the north weſt angle; and that in the ſouth weſt, In the turret is a good clock, which goes with
where the ſtatue of Sir John Barnard was placed chimes at three, fix, nine, and twelve; it has
in his life-time by his fellow citizens, to expreſs | four dials, and is fo regulated every day, as to
the true ſenſe of his merit, as a merchant, a ma become a ſtandard of time to all the mercantile
giſtrate, and as a wiſe, active and faithful repre parts of the town.
ſentative of the city of London.
Within this building, as mentioned above, are
In the center of the area is erected, on a marble || kept the three following offices, viz.
pedeſtal, about eight feet high, another ſtatue of
king Charles II. in a Roman habit, erected by 1. The ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE OFFICE,
Mr. Gibbon, and encompaſſed with iron rails.
On the ſouth ſide of the pedeſtal, under an im This is a corporation eſtabliſhed by act of par-
perial crown, a ſcepter, palm branches, and other liament, for affuring houſes and other buildings,
decorations, is the following inſcription :
goods, wares, and merchandize from fire; ſhips
and merchandize at fea; and for lending money
Carolo II. Cæfari Britannico,
upon bottomry; and to inſure lives. For which
Patriæ Patri,
charter they agreed to pay 300,000l, into his ma-
Regum Optimo, Clementiſſimo, Auguſtiſſimo, jeſty's exchequer, for diſcharging the debes of the
Generis humani deliciis,
civil lift. But this not anſwering at firſt, the
Utriuſque Fortunæ Victori,
crown remitted "moſt part of that money, and
Pacis Europæ abitro,
granted them a new charter to aſſure buildings,
Marium Dominis ac Vindici,
houſhold furniture, wearing apparel by ſpecial
Societas Mercatorum adventur. Angliæ agreement, goods, wares, and merchandize, ex-
Quæ per CCCC jam prope annos,
cepe glaſs and china ware not in trade, and all
Regia benignitate floret,
manner of writings, books of accounts, notes,
Fidei intemeratæ et gratitudinis æternæ bills, bonds, tallies, ready money, jewels, plate,
Hoc teftimonium
pictures, gunpowder, hay, ſtraw, corn unthraſhed,
Venerabunda poſuit
from loſs or damage by fire, unleſs any of theſe
Anno falutis humanæ M.DC.LXXXIV. goods excepted be aſſured by ſpecial agreement.
This corporation has ſeveral engines, and men,
On the weſt ſide of this pedeſtal is cut in relievo, with proper tools and inſtruments, to extinguiſh
a cupid refting his hand on a ſhield, containing | fires; and alſo porters to remove goods when there
the arms of France and England quarters, and || happens an alarm of fire, who wear a badge on
holding in his left a roſe.
their arm, with the figure of the Royal Exchange
On the north fide are the arms of Ireland on a upon it; and theſe badges are numbered, in order
Thield, ſupported by a cupid.
to aſcertain the perſon who wears it, in caſe of
On the baſe of the pedeſtal on the ſouth ſide is any complaint againſt him.
the following inſcription:
The management of this corporation is in a
a governor, ſub governor, deputy governor, and
“ This ſtatue was repaired and beautified by | twenty-four directors ; under whom are a trea-
“ the company of Merchant adventurers of Eng- || ſurer, a ſecretary, an accomptant, and clerks.
“ land, anno 1730 ; John Hanbury eſq; go-
2. The office for fick and wounded ſeamen in the
merchants ſervice.
And on the eaſt fide are the arms of Scotland,
with a cupid holding a thiſtle ; all done in re This corporation was inſtituted for the relief of
lievo.
ſuch feamen and their widows as have no right to
Greenwich-
vernor."

$00
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Greenwich-hoſpital by fervitude aboard his ma is a regular extent of building. The principal
jeſty's navy, and are reduced to diſtreſs in the door opens in the lower ſtage of the tower, which
merchant's ſervice. It conſiſts of a number of riſes with angulated corners from the ground,
merchants who were incorporated on the twenty forming a kind of baſe, terminated at the height
fourth of June, 1747, and are governed by a of the body of the church. The ſecond ſtage,
preſident, and a council of twenty-one.
which is plain and lofty, has two tall windows,
one over the other, properly ſhaped for the ſtyle
3. The MARINE Society Office: of the building; this is terminated with a truly
Gothic cornice. The third ſtage is exactly in the
The original intent of this fociety was to ſupply form of the two ochers, only they are plain, and this
the royal návy with fea-boys and land. men. IC is covered with ornaments, the angulated corners
was begun by a number of gentlemen, at the are Aured, and terminated by cherubims heads
beginning of the late war; and had to good an under a cornice : the plain face between has four
effect, that great numbers of the loweſt claſs of windows in two ſeries. Above the cornice, over
people, inſtead of remaining a peſt to fociety, the uppermost of theſe windows, runs a battle-
became uſeful ornaments to their country. ment on the plain faces of the tower, and from
By this conſtitution every man of war, priva the corners are carried up four beautiful fluted
teer, and merchant ſhip, is obliged to take a cer turrets, cafed, a part of their height, with Doric
tain number of boys, viz. in a ſhip of 60 guns
currets; theſe terminate in pinnacle heads, froin
and 400 men, there muſt be thirty ſervants, which within which riſes a ſpire at each corner crowned
are provided and cloached by the marine ſociety; with a fane.
who give to each boy, to be ſhipped, a felt hat, The rector of this church, inſtead of uncer-
a worſted cap, a kerſey fea jacket, a kerſey pair tain tythes, has by act of parliament a ſettled
of breeches, a ſtriped fannel or kerſey waiſtcoat, ſtipend of 1401. per annum.
The veſtry is ge-
a pair of trowſers, two pair of hoſe, two pair neral; and the parish officers are, three church-
of ſhoes, two handkerchiefs, three ſhirts, a pair wardens, four overſeers, and four ſideſmen.
of buckles and buttons, thread, worſted, and Here is a lecture every Sunday morning, and
needles, a knife, a prayer-book and teftament, on every holiday, founded by John Rayney, eſq;
and a bag to put their cloachs in. And to each who left houſes in Gracechurch-ftreet to the com-
landman ſhipped by them, a felt feaman's hat, a pany of Drapers, charged with the payment of
kerſey fea jacket, a waiſtcoat and drawers of che forty pounds per annum for the ſupport thereof.
fáme, a pair of drab breeches, a pair of thin trow Contiguous to this church, on the ſouth ſide,
fers, a pair of worſted hoſe, a pair of yarn hoſe, was anciently ſituate a handſome cloiſter, and a
two ſhirts, two worſted caps, one pair of ſhoes, beautiful church-yard, wherein was a pulpit croſs
one pair of buckles, one pair of buttons, a knife, (reſembling that of St. Paul's) erected by Sir
thread, worſted and needles, with a bag for their John Ruditone, ſome time mayor of this city ;
cloaths.
who purchaſing ground in the neighbourhood,
The charity is managed by a committee, which not only enlarged the ſaid church-yard, but like-
conſiſts of a conſiderable number. Of this com wiſe erected convenient apartments for the cho-
mittee not leſs than three perſons act, who riſters, who daily officiated in the church: but
meet every Thurſday at eleven o'clock at the the choir being ſoon after diſſolved, the apart-
above office.
ments were converted into habitations for decay-
Leaving the Royal Exchange, we now croſs ed pariſhioners.
to the other ſide the ſtreet, where, farther to the On the ſame ſide of the ſtreet, about 300 feet
eaſt, is ſituate the pariſh church of
more to the eaſt, ſtands the parochial church of
St. MICHAEL, CORNHILL.
St. PETER, CORNHILL.
This church, which is a rectory, was founded That this church is of great antiquity will ap-
and dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel be pear from the following inſcription, which is en-
fore the year 1133, and then in the patronage of || graved on braſs, and hangs up near the font for
the abbot and convent of Coveſham, alias Eve baptiſm :
ſham; but they, in the year 1503, transferred
the advowſon to the Drapers company, who, in
" Be hit known to all Men, that the Yeerys
conſideration thereof, ſectled a perpetual annuity of owr Lord God, An. CLXXIX. Lucius, the
of five pounds, ſix ſhillings and eight-pence || fyrſt Chriſten King of this Lond, then cally’d
upon the ſaid abbot and canons, and their ſuc Brytayne, fowndyd the fyrft Chyrch in London,
ceffors ; beſides an ancient penGon of fix fhil that is to fey, the Chyrch of Sent Peter apon Corn-
lings and eight-pence annually paid them out of hyl; and he fowndyd ther an Archbiſhop's See,
the ſaid church. By virtue of which contract, and made that Chirch the Metropolitant and
the ſaid company of Drapers have been patrons
cheef Chirch of this Kindom, and ſo enduryd
ever ſince.
the Space of CCCC. Yeerys and more, unto the
The old church being deſtroyed by the fire of || Commyng of Sent Auſten, an Apoſtyl of Englond,
London in 1666, the preſent Gothic ítructure the whych was ſent into the Lond by Sent Gre-
aroſe in its ſtead : the body of which is 70 feet gory, the Doctor of the Chirch, in the Tyme of
long, 6c broad, 35 in height, and 130 feet to King Ethelbert, and then was the Archbiſhoppys
the top of the tower. The lower part of the See and Pol removed from the aforeſaid Chirch of
tower occupies the center, and on each ſide there Sent Peters upon Cornhy! unto Derebernaum,
that

HISTORY and SURVEY of" LONDON. 1
$0 1
that now ys callyd Canterbury, and ther yt re for the lady Alice, relict of Sir Hugh Nevil, in
meynyth to this Dey."
the year 1362, made a feoffment chereof to Rich-
ols And Millet Monk, whych came into this ard earl of Arundel and Surrey; and paſſing af-
Lond with Sent Auſten, was made the fyrſt bi terwards through various hands it was, in the year
ſhop of London, and hys ſee was made in Powllys 1411, conveyed, by Richard Whittington, and
Chyrch. And this Lucius, Kyng, was the fyrſt | others, to the Lord mayor and conmonalcy of this
Foundyr of Peter's Chyrch apon Cornhyl, and city, in whom the right of advowſon ſtill remains.
he regnyd King in thys Ilond after Brut, The old church ſharing the cominon face in the
MCCXLV. Yeerys. And the Yeerys of owr year 1666, the preſent edifice was built on its
Lord God a CXXIV. Lucius was crownyd Kyng, ruins; and is a ſubſtantial ſtructure, eighty feec
and the Yeerys of hys Reygne LXXVII Yeerys, || long, forty-ſeven broad, furty feet high, to che
and he was beryd aftyr fum Cronekil at London, roof, and one hundred and forty feet to the top
and aftyr fum Cronekil he was beryd at Glow of che ſteeple. The body is plain, with a ſingle
ceſter, at that Plaſe wher the Ordyr of Sent ſeries of windows. The tower is likewiſe plain,
Francys ftandyth.”
with one window in each ſtage, and the donie,
If we could depend upon the authenticity of which ſupports the ſpire, is of of the lanthern
this inſcription, it would clearly demonſtrate, that kind. The ſpire is crowned with a ball, on which
this church was the firſt chriſtian temple erected is a fane in form of a key, alluding to the key of
in Britain ; as it is manifeſt, by Bede, that there St. Peter.
was no chriſtian church in London at the arrival The rector of this church receives, beſides
of Mellitus ; for Echelbert, as an encourage other profits, 1201, a year by glebe, and 11ol. 2
ment for him to proceed in the work of conver. year in lieu of tythes. The veftry is ſelect; and
Gon, erected a church in this city for the accom the pariſh officers are, (wa churchwardens, two
modation of him and his profelytes, and dedi overſeers, one collector and four ſideſmen.
cated the fame to St. Paul. It is hardly, there In the church-yard, on the ſouth ſide is a mo-
fore, to be doubted but that this, and all the numental ſtone, erected at the expence of the
other ancient churches in London, owe their parilh, to the memory of John Butler, who, with
origin to the Saxons, Danes, and Normans. unwearied diligence ſerved the office of clerk to
The earlieſt authentic account we find of this this pariſh for twenty-two years; and died the fixch
church is, that William Kingſton, before the year of November, 1768; on which ſtone is engraved
1298, gave to it his tenenient in Graſs ftreet, the following epitaph:
called the Horſe-iMill. And that anciently be Oft have I view'd the gloomy place,
longed to the ſame a public library well furnished Which claims the relicts of the human race;
with books, which being diſpoſed of in a pri. And read on the inſculptur'd ſtone,
vate manner, the building was converted into a “ Here lies the body of -
ſchool-houſe for the education of youth.
- but now my own
The patronage of this rectory appears to have 56 Diffolves to native duſt, and as you ſee,
been originally in the noble family of the Nevils ; " Another here has done the ſame for me."
CH A P T E R XIV.
Of CR I P P L E G A TE W A R D.
T
HIS ward takes its name from a gate ſtreet, as far as to St. Lawrence's church, Lad-
which formerly ſtood in the north weſt lane, Aldermanbury, Love-lane, Addle-ſtreet,
part of the city, and which the reader London-wall-ſtreet from Little Wood-ſtreer to
will find particularly deſcribed in
page 12.
beyond the poſtern ; Philip-lane ; Great Wood-
It is bounded on the eaſt by Little Moorfields, ſtreet, all but ſeventy feet on the weſt ſide to-
part of Coleman-ftreet ward, Bafiſhaw ward, and wards Cheapſide; Little Wood-ſtreet, Hart-ſtreet,
Cheap ward; on the north by the pariſh of St. the ſouth ſide thereof; Monkfwell-ſtreet the eaſt
Luke's, Old-ſtreet ; on the weſt by Alderſgate || fide, Fell-ftreet, Silver-ſtreet; Maiden-lane the
ward ; and on the ſouth by the ward of Cheap. eaſt part thereof; Huggin lane; Goldſmith's-
: The extent of this ward reaches from Cheap. ſtreet, the whole, except 25 feet on the weſt ſide;
fide on the ſouth to beyond Bridgewater-ſquare in Gutter-lane, the weſt ſide from Maiden-lane, to
the north ; and from Jewin-ftreet in the weſt, to over againſt the end of Carey-ſtreet, on the eaſt
Back-ftreet, or little Moorfields in the eaſt. And ſide of the way only; and Cheapfide, on che
is to be taken within the city wall, and without, ſo north ſide one hundred and ſeventy feet from the
far as the freedom reaches.
corner of Wood-ftreet eaſtward.
The part of this ward within the wall contains The places in this ward without the wall are
ſeveral ſtreets and lanes, ſome in whole, others in Fore-ftreet, and the poſterns leading to Moor-
part, viz. Milk-ſtreet on both ſides, and the fields. Back-ftreet or Little Moorfields, Moor-
greater part of Honey.lane, market; Cateaton lane, Grub-ſtreet, the ſouth part to the poſts
6 L
and
42

502
HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON.
;
and chain; Whitecroſs-street, the ſouth ſide fo
St. ALPHA G E.
far as che poſts and chain Redcroſs-ſtreet,
about 450 feet feet on both ſides; Beech-lane, This church is ſo called from its dedication to
Golden-lare, the fouth part to the poſt and chain; St. Alphage, or Elphege, a noble Engliſh Saxon
Barbican, the eaſt part chereof, on both ſides, for ſaint, and archbiſhop of Canterbury, who was
about 450 feet from the corner of Golden-lane; murdered by the Danes at Greenwich in the
Jewin-ftreet, the eaſt part thereof, and on both year 1013
lides to Redcroſs-ftreet, for about 450 feet; Brack The firſt church in London dedicated to this
ley.ſtreet, Bridgewater.ſtreet, and Letton ſtreet, all ſaint, ſtood adjoining to the city wall near the eaſt
of them built in the place where Bridgewater ſide of Cripplegate. But at the ſuppreſſion of
houſe formerly ſtood.
religious houſes by Henry VIII. the fame being
This ward is divided into thirteen precinas, | demoliſhed, and the ſite thereof turned into a
viz. nine within the wall, and four without; and carpenter's yard, the ſouth iſle of the church of
is governed by an alderman, twelve common St. Mary Elfing Spical was converted into the
council-men (two of whom are the alderman's | preſent parish church.
deputies) thirteen conflables, thirty-four inqueſt The advowſon of this church was anciently
men, fixteen ſcavengers and chree beadles. in the dean and canons of St. Martin's-le-Grand,
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward at the in whom it continued till Henry VII. annexed it
ſouth extremity within the wall, viz. with Milk to St. Peter's, Weftminfter, when it fell to the
ftreet, which begins from Cheapfide, and termi abbot and convent ; but that being diffolved,
nates in Lad-lane. In this ſtreet, towards Cheap Queen Mary, in the year 1553. granted the pa-
ſide, ſtood the pariſh church of St. Magdalen, tronage thereof to Edmund biſhop of London,
Milk-ftreet, which parifh, after the fire of Lon and his fucceffors, in whom it ſtill remains.
don, was united to St. Lawrence Jewry, and the This church, which is a rectory, eſcaped the
ground converted into Honey-lane market. dreadful fire in 1666 ; but is ſo plain in its build-
Lad-lane is between Wood-ſtreet in the weſt, ing as not to admit of any deſcription.
and Milk-Atreet and Aldermanbury in the eaſt: it The tythes paid to the miniſter is about 1001.
is a ſtreet of good trade, and well inhabited. beſides the glebe and furplus fees. The veftry
Aldermanbury is a handſome ſtreet, graced is general; and the pariſh officers are two church-
with good buildings, which are well inhabited by wardens, and two collectors for the poor. denta
merchants, wholeſale dealers, &c.
Adjoining to this church in Londonwall-ſtreet,
Between Love-lane and Addle-ſtreet, on the ſtands
weſt ſide, and in the broadeſt part of the ſtreet,
stands the pariſh church of
SION COLLEGE.
St. MARY ALDERMANBURY. This building, which is ſituated upon the ruins
of the priory of Elling Spital, was founded and
This church is of very anciene foundation, and ſet apart for the meetings and improvements of
was formerly part of the poffeffions of the dean the London clergy, who were incorporated by
and chapter of St. Paul's, who, in the year 1331, king Charles I. on the third of July, in the ſixth
appropriated it to the hoſpital of Elling Spital, year of his reign, by the name of “ The prefident
which, at that time, ſtood near adjoining. It ap-
« and fellows of the college of Sion, within the
pears at all times to have been no otherwiſe than “ city of London.” It conſiſted of a college
a donative or curacy ; the patronage of which, for a warden, four prieſts and two clerks, and an
fince the diſſolution of the above hoſpital, has hoſpital for an hundred old blind and poor per-
been in the pariſhioners.
fons of both ſexes.
The old church being deſtroyed by the dreadful This college owes its foundation to Dr. Tho.
fire in 1666, the preſent ſtructure was finiſhed ten mas White, vicar of St. Dunítan's in the weſt,
years after. It is built of ſtone, and very plain : who, among other charities, left 3000l
. to pur-
the body is well enlightened and the corners are chaſe and build the fame, with alms-houſes for
wrought with ruſtic. It is feventy-two feet long, twenty poor people, ten men and ten women.
and forty-five broad; the roof is thirty-eight feet He alſo gave 160l. per annum for ever to the
high, and the fteeple about ninety feet. It has a college and almos. houſes; 1201. for the ſupport of
plain folid tower, conſtructed in the fame manner the alms-people, and 401. per annum for the ex-
as the body; and the angles in the upper ftage pences of the foundation.
are adorned with ruſtic: the cornice is ſupported The ground was purchaſed in 1627 ; but the
by ſcrolls, and above it is a plain attic courſe. In library was not appointed by the founder; for it
this riſes a turret with a ſquare baſe that ſupports || being obſerved to Mr. Simfon, one of doctor
the dial. This curret is arched, but the corners White's executors, that a convenient library
are maſfy; and its roof is terminated in a point, might be erected over the alms-houſe, which was
on which is placed the fane.
then building, Mr. Simfon took the hinr, and
The incumbent receives by act of parliament
erected it at his own expence.
150l. per annun, and 161. from the impropriators. The work being finiſhed, in proſecution of the
The veſtry is general ; and the pariſh officers are will, the above incorporation was obtained, by
two churchwardens, one of which is collector for which all the rectors, vicars, lecturers, and cu-
rates, are conſticuçed fellows of the college; and
Ac the north weſt corner of Aldermanbury is out of the incumbents are annually to be elected
ficuate the pariſh church of
on Tueſday three weeks after Eaſter, as gover-
nors,
the poor.

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of
London?
CUSUKUTUSUSIRCUISIS
யாயப்பயபடி
S. Mary Adermanbury
Se Michads Wood Street
S.Dawrence Jewry Caleaton Street.
HHHH
ALLELE
24
***
1:11:
June
Roseanne
Sh"Giles's Cripplegate.
S. Stephen's Colemun Street,
J. MergandiLethbury

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
503
66
nors, a preſident, two deans; and four affift a guild or religious fociety in the conventual
ancs, who are to meet quarterly to hear a latin church of White-friars in Fleet-ſtreet, , in the
ſermon, and afterwards to be entertained at din year 1367. And in the year 1605, king James
ner in the college-hall, at the charge of the foun, incorporated them by the appellation of "The
dation. And in 1632 the governors and clergy “ maſter, wardens, and commonalty of the art
being fumrboned, agreed upon a common ſeal, or myſtery of the Curriers of the city of Lon-
which had the good Samaritan, with the inſcrip “ don.” It is a livery company, and the twen-
tion Vade & fac fimiliter, and round it Sigillum ty-ninth on the city lift ; and is governed by a
Collegii de Sion Londini.
H|| maſtertwo wardens, and a court of alfiſtants.
The books were given by various benefactors,
A little farther to the weſt from this hall is
and particularly a great many were brought thither Wood-ſtreet, on the eaſt ſide of which, at the
from the old Cathedral of St. Paul, in the year ſouth-weſt angle of Love-lane, is ſituated the
1647. But, in 1666, one third part of the books, parochial church of
the alms-houſes, ſeveral chambers for ſtudents,
and the apartments reſerved for the governors and St. A L B AN, Wood.STREET.
fellows to meet in, and for the reſidence of the
librarian and the clerk, were deſtroyed by the This church is a rectory, and takes its name
great fire of London. However, this whole edi from its dedication to St. Alban, the firſt martyr
fice was afterwards rebuilt in that plain manner of of Great Britain. It is ſuppoſed to have been
brickwork, as it now appears; except the cham founded in the year 930, by king Adleitan, or
bers of the ſtudents; their ground being let out Athelſtan, the Saxon, who began his reign in or
on leaſes. And the new library has been from about the year 924, and was ſo well built, that
time to time improved by a part of the Jeſuits this original foundation continued, with proper
books ſeized in the year 1679; by the donation repairs, till the year 1634; when it was taken .
of lord Berkley, who gave half of his uncle down, and a new church erected on the ſame
Cooke's books to the library ; by ſeveral legacies, ſpot. This church, however, being deſtroyed
to be laid out yearly in books ; by a great num by the great fire in 1666, the preſent edifice was
ber of private benefactors ; by the copies of new built from the ſame model as the former, in an
publications, which bookſellers are obliged, by entire Gothic ſtyle, conſiſting of a ſpacious body,
an act of the tenth of queen Anne, to give to this
and a handſome tower with pinnacles.
library, in order to ſecure their own copy righe The patronage of this church was originally in
and property; and by the books, which has been the abbot and convent of St. Alban’s, in Hert-
ſome time a cuſtom given by every incumbent fordſhire ; from whom it paſſed into the hands
within the city and fuburbs, upon his taking pof-
of the maſter, &c. of the hoſpital of St. James,
ſeſſion of his living; who preſents a book to this Weſtminſter, with whom it continued till the
library of at leaſt ten ſhillings value. For the founding of Eaton College by Henry VI, who
care and preſervation of which library, there is granted the fame to that college, with whom it
one librarian, who has a genteel apartment at the
ftill remains.
ſouth ſide of the college, that communicates by
This church, after the fire of London, was
a door with the library.
made the pariſh church of St. Alban in Wood-
The alms-houſes conſiſt of twenty rooms ; for ſtreet, and St. Olave in Silver-ſtreet, by 22 Car.
ten men within the college, and ten women with II. And by another act 22 and 23 Car. II. the
out it. Four of whom are nominated by the two livings together were made of the yearly
city of Briſtol, where Dr. White was born; value of 1701. to the incumbent in lieu of tythes.
eight by the merchant-taylors company ; fix by The veſtry is general; and the pariſh officers
the pariíh of St. Dunſtan, where he was miniſter are, two church wardens, and four overſeers of
forty-nine years; and two by St. Gregory's pariſh,
where he had lived about twenty years : except
In the old church, deſtroyed in 1666, were ſe-
any of the kindred of either of his wives appeared, veral very uncommon epitaphs, among which
who were firſt to be conſidered ; but theſe were was the following:
not to exceed four ac a time.
A little to the eaſt from Sion College, at the Hic jacet Tom Shorthoſe,
fouth-eaſt angle of the new opening which leads
Sine combe, fine ſheet, fine riches,
from Aldermanbury to Fore-ftreet, is a very Qui vixit fine gowne,
handſome and capacious meeting-houle, built of
Sine cloake, ſine ſhirt, ſine breeches.
brick. And at the fouth-weſt corner of that
opening which leads from Coleman-ſtreet to Fore The pariſh of St. Olave, Silver-ſtreet, is a
ftreet, is another meeting-houſe of equal beauty
eeting-houſe of equal beauty | rectory, the church whereof ſtood at the ſouth-
and capacity.
weſt corner of Silver-ſtreet. It was a ſmall
Weſtward from Sion-College, and a little be church of fome antiquity, though we cannot
yond Philip-lane, is Çurriers-court, at the upper trace it higher than the year 1593. Before the
end of which is a neat, handſome building called fire of London it was in the gift of the dean and
chapter of St. Paul's, who ſince that time have
CURRI E R S H A L L. alternately preſented to this living, with the pro-
voft and fellows of Eaton college.
The fraternity of Curriers appears to be of
The fire of this church remains now only as a
conſiderable antiquity, by their having founded burying place for the inhabitants of the pariſh,
who
the poor.

$0+
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
who ſtill maintain a ſeparate government by a On the ſame ſide Wood-ſtreet is Maiden-lane,
general veftry, two churchwardens and four over the north part of which, from the Union In-
feers for the poor.
furance office, is in Cripplegate ward. In this
Farther to the ſouch from St. Alban's church, lane on the north, fide is ſituate
on the farre ſide, is Wood-ſtreet Compter, or the otol be
city priſon ; the origin of which the reader will HABERDASHERS HALL.
find in page 203; and as to other matters relating
to its uſe and offices, fee Poultry Compter, in the This is a good brick building, and the room
ſurvey of Cheap ward.
called the hall is very neat and lofty. It is paved
with marble and purbeck ſtone, wainſcoted about
St. MICH A E L, WOD-STREET. twelve feet high ; and the ſcreen at the weſt end,
where are two arched apertures, is adorned with
This church is of ſome antiquity, as appears by || pilaſters of the Corinthian order. In this hall is
John de Eppewell, who was rector thereof in the kept an independent meeting,
year 1328. The old church being deſtroyed by The company of Haberdaſhers, which is one
the fire of London in 1666, the preſent ſtructure of the twelve principal companies of this city,
was finiſhed a few years after, and the pariſh of and the eighth in order of precedency, was an-
St. Mary Staining annexed to it. The eaſt end ciently known by the name of Harriers and Mil-
of this building is ornamented with four Ionic leners, from their dealing principally in merchant-
columns raiſed upon a continued pedeſtal, with dize imported from Milan in Italy. They were
arches between, and ſupporting a handſome pe afterwards incorporated by king Henry VI. in
diment, in the middle of which is a circular win the year 1467,1 by the flyle of “ The fraternity
dow. Between the columns are three upright " of St. Catherine the Virgin, of the Haber-
arched windows that fill the whole ſpace. The daſhers of the city of London,” But at pre
reſt of the body is plain, and the windows are ſent they are denominated " The maſter and
raiſed ſo high, that the doors open under them. " four wardens of the fraternity of the art or
The tower confifts of three plain ftages with large ", myſtery of Haberdaſhers in the city of Lon-
windows, from the uppermoſt of which riſes a « don:" but by what authority does not ap-
fall ſquare courſe, the foundation of the baſe of pear.hsgildo 9TS. Lood
the turret. The baſe is cut away from the breadth 2: This corporation is governed by a maſter, four
of the tower gradually to the diameter of the wardens, and a numerous court of affiftants. Ic
Curret, which is plain, but handſome ; and from is a livery company; and has at all times been
its top riſes a ba
ball that ſupports the fane.ba | of ſuch repute, that they have been intruſted
The patronage of this rectory was anciently in with the benefactions of many pious perſons, pur-
the abbot and convent of St. Alban's, in whom
ſuant to the wills and directions of whom, they
it continued till the ſuppreſſion of their monaſ pay annually for charitable uſes about the ſum of
tery; when, coming to the crown, it was, with three thouſand five hundred pounds,
the appurtenances, in the year 1544, fold by Nearer Wood-ſtreet, on the ſouth ſide of
king Henry VIII. to William Barwell, who Maiden-lane, ſtands
platio 3
in the year 1588, conveyed the fame to John
Marſh, and others, in truſt for the pariſh, in WAXCHANDLERS HALL.
which it ftill continues ; but being united with
the pariſh of St. Mary Staining, which living is This is handſome building, and well contrived
in the crown, the pariſhioners preſent twice, and for the buſineſs and entertainment of the com-
the king once. The rector receives, beſides his pany, which was incorporated by Richard III. on
other profits, rool. per annum in lieu of tythes. che ſixteenth of February 1483, by the ſtyle of
The veſtry is general; and the pariſh-officers The maſter, wardens, and commonalcy of the
are, two churchwardens and four overſeers. « art or myſtery of Waxchandlers of London."
The church of St. Mary Staining, or Stone It is a livery company, the twentieth in the
church, before the fire of London, ſtood on the city liſt; and governed by a maſter, two war-
north ſide of Oat-lane. The reaſon why it re dens, and a court of affiftants.
ceived the additional epithet of Staining is very Returning down Wood-ſtreet, towards the
uncertain; fome imagining it to be derived from north, we come to Addle-ftreet, near the north
the painter ſtainers, who might probably live near eaſt end of which ſtands
it; while others ſuppoſe that it was originally
called Stany or Stony, from its being built with in BREWERS H A L L.
ftone, to diſtinguiſh it from thoſe in the ciry built
A solo a chest
with wood, &c.
This is a handſome and conimodious building,
The advowſon of this rectory was anciently in with a genteel entrance into a large court paved
the prioreſs and convent of Clerkeowell, in whom with free ſtone, and the building above ſupport-
it continued till their ſuppreſion by Henry VIII. ed by handſome pillars.
when it came to the crown, in whom it ſtill re. This company, which is the fourteenth among
mains.
the city companies, was incorporated by king
The ſite of this church is ufed now as a burial Henry VI. in the year 1438, by the name of
place for the pariſhioners, who hold a general " The maſter, and keeper or wardens, and com-
veſtry, and have two churchwardens and four monalty of the myſtery or art of Brewers of
overſeers.
" the city of London,” King Edward IV, not
only
demon it
66

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
go5
only confirmed that charter, but granted them a The art of ſurgery was anciently practiſed in
further power to make by-laws.
this city only by the barbers, who were incorpo-
This corporation anciently bore the arms of rated by letters patent granted by king Edward
Thomas-à-Becket; impaled with their own: but IV, in the year 1461; and in 1512, an act was
that faint's bones being taken up and burnt, and paffed to prevent any perſons beſides the barbers
unfainted, by the powers in being, Clarencieux, practiſing ſurgery within the city of London, and
king at arms, in the year 1544, ſeparated them, ſeven miles round. At length ſeveral perſons,
and gave the brewers a creſt in lieu thereof. It who were not barbers, being examined and ad-
is now a livery company; and is governed by a mitted as practitioners in the art of ſurgery, the
maſter, three wardens, and a court of affiftants. parliament united them in the thirty-ſecond year
Nearly adjoining to this is ſituate
of the reign of king Henry VIII. by the appella-
tion of “The maſter or governors of the myſtery
PLAISTERERS H A L L. or commonalty of barbers and ſurgeons of the
- city of London ;” and by this act all perſons
This is a very handſome building, and was for practiſing the art of ſhaving were ſtriatly enjoined
merly Pinners-hall. The plaiſterers company is
not to intermeddle with that of ſurgery, except
the forty-ſixth upon the city lift, incorporated on what belonged to drawing of teeth. Thus this
the tenth of March 1501, by king Henry VIII. company obtained the nanie of Barber-ſurgeons,
under the name and ſtyle of s. The maſter and which they continued to enjoy till the eighteenth
“ wardens of the guild or fraternity of the bleſſed year of the reign of his late majeſty king George
Mary of plaiſterers, London.” Which charter II. when the ſurgeons applying to parliament co
was confirmed on the eleventh of June, 1667, in have this union diffolved, were formed into a few
the reign of king Charles II. It is a livery com parate company, though the barbers were left in
pany, and is governed by a maſter, two wardens, poffeffion of the hall and theatre, and were conſti-
and a court of affiftants.
tuted a body politic, under the name of “The
Directly oppoſite to Addle-ſtreet is Silver-ſtreet, “ maſter, governors, and commonalty of the my-
formerly the ſituation of working ſilverſmiths, “ ſtery of barbers of London.” It is a livery
who have now collected themſelves nearer to company, and under the direction of a maſter,
Goldſmiths-hall. In a court on the ſouth ſide of three other governors, and a court of aſſiſtants.
this ſtreet is a well built independent meeting. Farther to the north, on the eaſt ſide are the
houſe,
alms-houſes founded in the year 1575, by Sir
On the north ſide of Silver-ſtreet, directly op Ambroſe Nicholas, knt. Lord-mayor and Salter,
poſite the ſite of St. Olave's church, is Monkwell for twelve aged people, and endowed at this time
ſtreet, (ſo called from a well belonging to the with three ſhillings per week in money, and eight
convent of monks, which once ſtood at the north facks of coals to each yearly.
end of it.
At the north weſt corner of Monkwell-ſtreet is
On the weſt ſide of this ſtreet, near the center ſituate Lamb's-chapel; which was founded as
is ſituate
early as the time of king Edward I. and dedicated
to St. James, and diſtinguiſhed from other cog-
BARBERS H A L L.
nomical dedications, by the name of James's
chapel, or Hermitage on the Wall, becauſe ſitu-
This magnificent building conſiſts of a ſpacious ated in or near London-wall. This hermitage be-
hall room, court room, theatre, library, and other longed to the abbot and convent of Gerondon in
commodious offices. The grand entrance from Leiceſterſhire, who kept two Ciſtertian monks of
Monkwell-ſtreet is enriched with the company's their own order here. At the diffolution it was
arms, large fruit, and other decorations. The
granted, in the reign of Henry VIII. to William
court room has a fret work ceiling, and is alſo Lamb, a rich clochworker of this city, who be-
adorned with the pictures of king Henry VIII. queathed it, with his houſe and apurtenances,
and the court of affiftants, in one fine piece ; lands and tenements, to the yearly value of thirty
a portrait of king Charles II. and other paintings. | pounds per annum to this company, for paying a
The theatre contains four degrees of Cedar ſeats, miniſter to read divine ſervice on Sundays, Wed-
one above another, in an elliptical form, and the neſdays and Fridays in the ſaid chapel, and to
roof is an elliptical cupola : this room is adorned relieve the poor in the undermentioned manner.
with a buft of king Charles I. the figures of the In this chapel the worſhipful company of
ſeven liberal ſciences, and the twelve ſigns of the Clothworkers have four ſermons preached to
Zodiac ; the ſkins of a man and woman on wooden them upon the four principal feſtivals in the year,
frames, in imitation of Adam and Eve; the viz. upon the feaſt of the annunciation of the
figure of a man flayed, done after the life, all the Bleſſed Virgin Mary, March 25; on the feaſt of
muſcles appearing in their due place and propor St. John Baptiſt, June 24; on the feaſt of Sc.
tion; the ſkeleton of an oſtrich; an human Michael the Archangel, September 29; and on
ſkeleton, with copper joints, and five other the feaſt of St. Thomas the Apoſtle, December
ſkeletons of human bodies. But as this fur On which days the maſter, wardens, and
niture was introduced by the ſurgeons, it is now. livery of the company meet at ſome convenient
of no uſe, and the theatre is entirely deſerted place, near unto the chapel, where they go in their
This hall is one of the works of that great archi gowns and boods to the chapel and hear a fermon;
tect Inigo Jones, and is a maſter-piece in its kind; after which they relieve twelve poor men, and as
that elegant fimplicity which characterizes all his
many poor wonen, with twelve pence each in
works, giving the ſpectator the higheſt ſatisfaction,
money; and once a year, viz. at Michaelmas,
43
6 M
give
21.

500
HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
over.
give them a frieze gown, and a lockram fhift, 1090, by Alfune, the firſt maſter of St. Bartho-
and a good pair of winter ſhoes fic for their lomew's-hoſpital.
wearing
The patronage of this church, was in private
Directly oppoſite to Lamb's chapel is Hart hands, till Aelmund a prieſt, granted the ſame
ftreet; on the north ſide of which is a charitable (after his own death, and that of Hugh his only
foundation by Mr. Robert Rogers, leather-ſeller ſon) to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's church,
and merchant-adventurer, for fix ancient couple, whereby they became not only ordinaries of the
who have a room below and another above, and pariſh, but likewiſe proprietors of the rectory,
four pounds per annum each; paid by the city of and patrons of the vicarage, as they are at this
London, in whom is the gift of this charity.
time.
Having thus ſurveyed that part of Cripplegate This church which eſcaped the dreadful con-
ward which is within the wall, we ſhall now pro flagration in 1666, may be numbered amongſt
ceed to that without the wall
the beſt of our Gothic buildings. It is 114 feet
This is a large tract of ground, containing in length, 63 feet in breadth, 32 feet high to the
many ſtreets, and all crowded with courts and roof, and the tower, with che turret, 122 feet in
alleys: the principal are Fore.ſtreet, Back ſtreet height. The tower (in which is a ring of ten
in Little Moorfields, Mcor-lane, Grub-ſtreet, bells) is not groſs in proportion to its height, and
Whitecroſs-ſtreet, Redcroſs-ſtreet, Berch-lane, the turret at the top is light and open. It is built
Golden lane, Barbican and Jewin-ſtrect.
of old ſtone, boulder, and ſome brick finiſhed
Fore-ftreet, which runs from the north end of
The roof is flat, neatly ceiled, and over
Cripplegate church to Moor-lane, is a large ſpa the altar painted in clouds.
cious ſtreet, and by the late improvements is or This church is no more than a vicarage ; but it
namented, particularly on the ſouth ſide; with is valued at 500l. per annum, in tyches, cafual-
hew buildings inhabited by reputable tradeſmen. ties, and vicarage-houſe. The veftry is ſelect; and
On the Weſt ſide of Little Moor-fields, other the pariſh officers are, two churchwardens, (wo
wiſe called Back-ftreet to diſtinguiſh it from Little overſeers, and four fideſmen.
Moor-fields Pavement-row, are many courts and Here is an endowment for prayers, at eleven
alleys ; as Crown-court, Hind alley, Halfmoon o'clock in the morning, and at eight in the even-
alley, Angel-alley, Hartſhorn-alley, Butler's-alley, | ing every day; and for a fermon at fix o'clock
Oyſter's-hall-court, Gun-alley, White's-alley, and every Sunday, and at three o'clock every Thurſ-
Rope-maker's-alley ; many of which are tolera day, left by Mr. Throckmorton Trottman, and
ble well built and inhabited.
payable by the company of Haberdaſhers. Like-
Moor lane is bus indifferently built and inha wiſe fix ſermons in Lent, and another gift fermon
bited ; but there are many paſſages from it, viz. on All-faints-day. The charitable donacions on
Back-alley; Ram's head court, Sugar-loaf-court; this day will beit appear by the following monu-
Seven-ſtar court; Sugar-loaf-alley; Butler's-alley; mental inſcriptions ; the two firſt of which are
Cur-yard ; Cock-alley; Vine-coure, and Maiden ſituate at the eaſt end of the church, on the north
head-court; all which, except the two laft, are fide of the altar.
very ordinary places.
Roger Maſon, of this pariſh, citizen and vint-
Returning down Fore-ftreet, towards the weſt ner of London, gave to the poore of the freedome
on the north fide, we come to Grub-ſtreet, which, of this pariſh 200l. wherewith an yeerly rent of
as far as Sun-alley, is in Cripple-gate.ward. In fixteen pounds or thereabout, is purchaſed for
this ſtreet are the following courts and alleys, viz. ever ; to be beſtowed on ten gownes of black
Lun’s-alley, Honey-ſuckle-court, well built ; cloch lined, to be diſtributed yeerly upon tenne
Fleur-de-lis-court, Little Bell-alley, Flying-horſe poore men of the freedom of this pariſh, upon
court, Oakley-court, Butler’s-alley, Crofs keys All-ſaints-day, at the diſcretion of the vicar and
court, Great-Bell-alley; all very mean.
But churchwardens for the time being. He died the
Haberdaſher’s-ſquare is tolerably genteel and well third day of September 1603, Ætet. ſuce 37,
built.
leaving his wife Jane, by whom he had three
- A little further from this is Whitecroſs ſtreet, ſons and three daughters, whereof one only now
which is well built and inhabited by conſiderable liveth, named Katherine ; which Jane cruely
traders and dealers in various branches. The paid the above-mentioned two hundred pounds ;
tourts and alleys in this ſtreet are, Cock-alley, and joined the erection of this monument; ſet
King's-arms-yard, King's-head-court, Croſs-keys up
An. Dom. 1606 May the eighth day.
court, Halfmoon-alley, Horſhoe-alley, Bowling William Day, citizen and vintner of London,
alley, Anabaptiſt-court, Caſtle.court, Red-roſe the ſonne of Thomas Day, of Boſeham in Suſſex,
court, and Fern’s-yard ; moſt of which are in a gentleman, and Elizabeth, his wife, gave to the
mean declining ſituation.
poore of this pariſh eighty pounds; which was
r At the ſouth weſt end of Fore-ſtreet, and paid by his brother George Day, wherewith an
facing Redcroſs ſtreet, ftands the parochial || yeerly rent of ſix pounds, or thereabout, is pur-
church of
chaſed for ever; to be beſtowed on twelve coats
of greene cloth, to be diſtributed yeerly upon
St. GILES, CRIPPLE G A T E. twelve poor orphans, upon All-faints day; at the
diſcretion of the vicar and churchwardens for the
This church was dedicated to a faint of that time being. Hee lyeth buried in his pariſh church
name, born ac Athens, who was abbot of Niomes of St. Michael in Cornhill, and dyed the twenty-
in France, and faid to be the great patron of the || eighth day of September 1603, Ætatis fuæ 32 ;
poor and diſeaſed. It was founded about the year det up Anno Domini, 1606, May the eighth day.
Near

HISTORY and S U R N E T of LONDON.
Oy
men.
Near the center of the north ifle is the fol Cripplegate church, is a noble, wide, and well
lowing:
built ſtreets and inhabited by conſiderable tradef-
In this ſtreet are a great number of courts
Within this ile lyeth buried the body of Charles and alleys on both ſides, but none of them of
Langley, ſometime of this pariſh; ale-brewer, any eſtimation, either for their buildings or in-
who was buried che eighth day of June, An. Dom. habitants : but it is graced, near the middle, on
1601, and did give bountifully to the poore of the eaſt ſide, with a library, founded by Daniel
this parish.
Williams, D.D. a prefbyterian miniſter, for the
uſe of the diffencing miniſters of the preſbyterian,
If Langley's life you liſt to know,
independent, and baptiſt perſuaſions. In 1711
Read on, and take a view ;
this reverend divine bequeathed his valuable col-
Of Faith and Hope I will not ſpeake
lection of books and manuſcripts for the ſaid pur-
His works fall ſhew them true.
poſe, with a handſome ſalary for a librarian and a
Who whilſt he liv'd with counſell grave
houſekeeper: and in purſuance of his will, a neat
The better fort did guide;
building was erected in this ſtreet, with a genteel
A ſtay to weake, a ſtaffe to poore,
apartment for the librarian, &c. and a ſpacious
Without back-bite, or pride.
room, capable of containing 40,000 volumes. In
And when he dyed he gave his mite,
this library is a regiſter, wherein parents may
All that did him befall,
regiſter the birth of their children.
For ever once a year to cloath
This foundation, which has been greatly aug.
Saint Giles his poor withall.
mented ſince its firſt inſtitution, is under the di-
All-Saints he pointed for the day,
rection of twenty-three truſtees, viz. fourteen mi-
Gownes, twenty, ready made,
niſters and nine laymen, who muſt be all preſby-
With twenty ſhirts and twenty ſmocks,
terians : under whom there is a ſecretary and
As they may beſt be had.
ſteward. Here are likewife ſome curioſities; as
A ſermon eke he hath ordain'd,
an Egyptian mummy, and a glaſs bafon which
That God may have his praiſe,
held the water where with queen Elizabeth was
And others might be won thereby,
baptized.
To follow Langley's wayes.
At the north end of Redcroſs-ſtreet is Beech-
On vicar and churchwardens chen
lane, t which is tolerably well inhabited, but in
His truſt he hath repos’d,
general extreme dirty, and a place of little trade.
As they will anſwer him one day,
In this lane are Ship-yard, King's-head court,
When all ſhall be diſclos'd.
and Glover's-court : in the latter of which ſtands
Thus being dead yet ſtill he lives,
Lives never for to dye,
GLO V ERS H A L L.
In Heaven's bliffe, in World's fame;
And ſo I truſt ſhall I.
The company of Glovers, who hold the fixty-
ſecond place amongſt the city companies, were
The ſite of this pariſh of St. Giles was anciently not incorporated till the 14th of Car. I. who, on
a fen or moor, and the houſes and gardens there the fifth of September, in the year 1638, granted
upon were accounted a village without the wall them a charter by the name and ſtyle of “ The
of London, called Mora ; which, in proceſs of maſter, wardens, and fellowſhip of the com.
time, increaſed greatly in number of buildings, pany of Glovers of the city of London.” It
and was conſtituted a prebend of St. Paul's cathe. is a livery company ; and is governed by a maſ-
dral of that appellation. And now this village ter, four wardens, and a court of aſſiſtants.
is totally ſwallowed up by London; and the At the north-eaſt end of this lañe are a ſet of
prebendary of Mora, or Mora without the alms-houſes, built in the year 1540, purſuant to
wall of London, hath the ninth ſtall on the right the will of lady Ann Aſkew, widow of Sir Chriſ-
fide of the choir in St. Paul's Cathedral: of whom topher Aſkew, Lord-mayor of London in the
it is ſaid Nigellus Medicus was the firſt pre year 1533, for eight poor widows of the Drapers
bendary.
company, with an allowance of three pounds per
A little farther to the north from Cripplegate annum, and half a chaldron of coals, in truſt of
church is Jewin-ſtreet ; a place well built and
the Drapers company.
inhabited, except at the weſt end which leads in Golden-lane, which runs out of Redcroſs-ſtreet
to Alderſgate-ſtreet. The moſt remarkable place into Old-ſtreet, is but a mean place, and indiffer-
in this ſtreet is Crowder’s-well-alley, which re ently inhabited. Here are ſeveral courts and
ceives its name from a well therein, (made at the alleys, as Jacob's-well-alley, Cook's head-court,
expence of Sir Richard Whittington) whoſe Black-raven-court, Crown-court, Sun-court, Dix-
water is reputed to be not only exceeding fine and on's-rents, and Vine-court , ſome of which are
wholeſome, but falutary in many diſorders. tolerably well built and inhabited. In this lane
Redcroſs-ſtreet, which faces the north end of Richard Gallard, of INington, eſq; citizen and
*
This place, with the apurtenances, was anciently called + This lane takes its name from the number of beeeh
Leyreſtowe; which king Edward I. granted to William de trees that formerly grew upon the ſite thereof; amidſt which
Monte Forte, dean of St. Paul's
, London : being a place (as fecedi ve hemen during his nag in London ; and was afterwards
it is expreffed in a record) without Cripplegate, and the fu-
burbs of London, called Leyreftowe : and which was the
called Drewrie-houfe.
burying-place of the Jews, valued at 40s. per annum.
painter-

504
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
painter-ſtainer of London, founded thirteen alms i. e. Barbican, a kind of advanced poſt for Crip-
houſes for as many poor people, and endowed plegate, to look out or watch for the ſafety of the
each with two pence per week, and a load of coals city on that fide. Adjoining to this tower was a
yearly divided amongſt them, charged upon cer palace, or grand houſe called Garter-houſe, built
tain lands in Illington.
by Sir Thomas Writheſly, Garter principal king
Directly oppoſite the founh end of Beech-lane at arms; on the top of which was built a chapel,
is Barbican; at the eaſt end of which, in ancient || by the name of Sanetiſimæ Trinitatis in alto.
days, ſtood a watch tower, called Burgh-kenning,
CHAPTER XV.
Of
D O W GATE
GATE WARD.
D.
Owgate ward derives its name from the On the weſt ſide of Dowgate-hill is ſituate
ancient water-gate called Dourgate,
which was made in the original wall that TALLOWCHANDLERS HALL,
ran along the north ſide of the Thames, for the
ſecurity of the city of London againſt all ac Which is a ſtately and large building, with
tempts to invade it by water.
piazzas, formed by arches and columns of the
This ward is bounded on the weſt by Vintry Tuſcan order,
ward on the ſouth by the river Thames, on the This ſociety was incorporated by king Edward
eaſt by Candlewick and Bridge-wards, and on IV. in the year 1460, by ſtyle of - The maſter,
the north by Wallbrook ward.
" and keepers of the art and myſtery of Tallow-
The extent of this ward reaches from St. Mar “ chandlers of the city of London." + It is a
tin’s-lane in the eaſt, to Cloak-lane in the weſt, || livery company, the twenty-firſt in the city lift,
and from thence both eaſt and weſt to the river and is governed by a maſter, four wardens, and a
Thames, in almoſt a direct line: within which court of affiſtants.
tract are contained, on the ſouth ſide of Thames A little farther from this, on the fame fide,
ftreet, between it and the Thames, Old Swan. ſtands
lane, Cold-harbour, Allhallows-lane, Campion-
lane, Friar's-lane, Coſin's-lane, Dowgate-dock, SKINNERS HA L L.
and the Steel-yard; St. Laurence Pountney-hill,
almoſt as far as St. Laurence's church-yard; Suf This is a very handſome building, and well
folk-lane, as far as the paſſage into Buſh-lane ; provided with apartments to accommodate both
Buſh-lane, almoſt the whole; Dowgate-hill, as the company and their ſervants. The hall room
far as Tallowchandler's-hall northwards; Che is neatly wainſcotted with oak, and the parlour
quer-yard; Elbow-lane as far as the church-yard, with cedar.
only the ſouth eaſt ſide of the way; Cloak-lane, This fraternity, which is the ſixth of the twelve
the ſouth ſide, to 160 feet weſt of Dowgate-hill
. principal companies, was incorporated by king
This ward is divided into eight precincts; and Edward III. in the year 1327, by the appella-
is under the government of an alderman, eight tion of “The maſter and wardens of the guild or
conimon.council-men, (one of whom is the alder " fraternity of the body of Chriſt, of the Skin-
man's deputy) eight conftables, fifteen inqueſt ners of London;" which was confirmed by
men, five ſcavengers, and a beadle.
Henry VI. in the year 1438, whereby every per-
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward at Dow ſon, upon his being admitted into the freedom of
gate-hill, which is a large, open ſtreet, and the the company, is to be preſented to the Lord-
houſes, well built and inhabited. On the weſt mayor. And by theſe grants the corporation
fide, near Budge-row, is the Church-yard of St. was reſtrained from making bye-laws.
John the Evangeliſt, where formerly the church The government of this company is veſted in
ſtood, not being rebuilt ſince the fire of London. a maſter, four wardens, and a numerous court of
Adjoining to the church-yard is Cloak-lane, affiftants. The members pay no quarterage, owing
which runs weſtward to College hill.
to the great eſtate they are pofſeffed of; out of
* This was originally one of the four gates, or the ſouth
gate of this city, where anciently was the trajectus, or ferry
of the Watling-ſtreet, (See page 18) whoſe direction was to-
wards the north weſt, as was diſcovered in digging the foun-
dation of Bow-church in Cheapſide, and one of the four
great Roman military ways.
† The tallow-chandlers of this city, anciently, not only
dealt in candles, but likewiſe in oil, vinegar, butter, hops,
ſoap, &c. at which time great frauds were committed by
adulterating oil; for the preventing of which this company
was, by act of parliament, impowered to ſearch the fame,
and to deſtroy all ſuch as ſhould be found bad. But no re-
ward being aſcertained for the ſearchers, it was ſoon neg-
lected.
which
cu coltid

HIS TORÝ and SURVÊr of LONDON.
Šog
upon the
which, according to the wills of the ſeveral do. form an handſome cloiſter, within which are
nors, they annually pay to charitable uſes about apartments for the three uſhers. Adjoining to
ſeven hundred pounds per annum.
which is a library ſupported alſo by ſtone pillars,
Near the further end of Dowgate-hill anciently and well furniſhed with books. And on the ſouth
ſtood a caſtellated conduit for Thames water. of the library is the part called the chapel. Con-
And lower down was a college called Jeſus com tigious to theſe is a large houſe appropriated to
mons, for the reception and maintenance of a the uſe of the head maſter.
certain number of poor prieſts. On the eaſt ſide The ſchool conſiſts of eight forms, in which
ſtood a royal meſſuage, the great old houſe called near three hundred boys have their education ;
the Erber, near to the church of Sc. Mary Bo an hundred of whom, according to the conſtiru-
thaw. It was alienated by king Henry VIII. who tions of the company, are taught gratis ; an
gave it to Sir Philip Hoby, who fold it to one hundred more at five ſhillings, and fifty at two
Doulphin a draper, and he fold it to the drapers ſhillings and ſix pence per quarter.
company. Sir Edward Pulliſon, lord mayor of The head maſter receives from the company a
London in the year 1584, rebuilt this houſe; in ſalary of ten pounds ſix ſhillings per annum, and
which Sir Francis Drake, who firſt taught the thirty ſhillings for water ; beſides the quarterage
way to fail round the world, for ſome time re from the ſcholars, which renders his ſalary very
fided.
conſiderable. The firſt uſher has zol. per annum,
Chequer-yard is a dirty paſſage on the eaſt ſide and the two others 25l. all of whom have proper
of Dowgate-hill, which runs croſs into Bufh-lane; apartments.
and is chiefly taken up with ftables and coach Several of the ſcholars are annually fent to St.
houſes: on the ſouth ſide thereof is Hand-alley, || John's College, Oxford, which ſeems to have
a paved paſſage that leads into Thames-ſtreet; been founded by Sir Thomas White chiefly for
and at the north eaſt angle ſtands
their uſe.
For the better inquiry into the proficiency of
PLUMBERS H A L L. all the ſcholars, there are four probations in the
year performed only by the maſter and uſhers;
This building is but ſmall, though ſufficiently the firſt on the eleventh of March ; the ſecond on
convenient for the uſes of the company; and is the fifteenth of June; the third on the eleventh
let out for a dancing ſchool.
of Septenber; and the fourth on the eleventh of
This company was incorporated by king December, not being Sundays, and then
James I. on the twelfth of April 1611, by the next day following:
name of “ The maſter, wardens, and common-
For the farther ſatisfaction of the maſter, war-
alty, of the myſtery of plumbers of the city || dens, and court of aſiſtants of the merchant-
s of London.” It is a livery company, the taylors, the probations themſelves undergo an ex-
thirty-firſt in the city liſt; and is governed by a amination cwice every year, by two judicious men
maſter, two wardens, and a court of aſſiſtants. well learned in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, ap-
In that part of Buſh-lane which branches off pointed by the maſter and wardens of the com-
into Little Buſh-lane, is
pany. Upon theſe days, which are between the
eleventh and twenty-firſt of March, and Septem-
The ENGLISH COPPER-Office.
ber, the maſter and wardens, or at leaſt two of
them are preſent. The examination, which is
This company was incorporated by charter in performed in the chapel, begins at fix in the
the third of William and Mary, September 22, morning and ends at eleven. Theſe are called
1692, by the title of “ The governor and com the doctors days. After the examination is finiſh-
“pany of copper-miners in England.” Which ed, the audience, which are generally numerous,
was confirmed by queen Anne, in the year 1710. return into the ſchool, where certain public ex-
And by ſubſequent grants, their power of work. erciſes are performed by the eight ſenior ſcholars,
ing of mines was extended to all parts of Ireland or monitors of the ſchool.
and New England. This company is under the There is yet another public examination of the
direction of a governor, deputy governor, and ſcholars of the upper form, by the preſident and
eighteen aſſiſtants.
fellows of St. John's college Oxford, annually
Out of this lane there is a paſſage that leads performed upon the eleventh of June, previous
into Suffolk-lane ; on the eaſt ſide of which to the election of ſcholars to be made upon that
ſtands
day, to fill up the vacant fellowſhips in that col-
lege. And after the public exerciſes are finiſhed,
MERCHANT TAYLORS SCHOOL.
the dean of the college addreſſes himſelf to the
ſcholars, out of whoſe number the vacancy is to
This ſchool was founded by the company of be filled up, in a latin ſpeech ſuited to the occa-
merchant taylors, in the year 1658, for the edu fion. At this time an account is uſually printed,
cation of boys. It was anciently kept in a houſe containing the names and order of the head ſcho-
which belonged to the duke of Buckingham, and lars, their birth, admiſſion, and continuance in
was called the Manor of the Roſe; but that edi. the head form ; and alſo an account of the ſub-
fice being deſtroyed by the fire in 1666, the pre jects of the orations.
fent ſtructure was erected upon the ſame ſpot, at Suffolk-lane leads into Thames-ſtreet, on the
the expence of the merchant-taylors company. fouch ſide of which, towards the eaſt extremity of
The ſchool is a long and ſpacious building, chis ward, is Old Swan ſtairs, a very noted land-
ſupported on the eaſt by many ſtone pillars that ing place for paſſengers above bridge, upon the
43
6N
river

sto
HISTORY and SURVĒr of LONDON.
river Thames. This is the antient Edgate. unleſs he regiſters the place of his known habita-
From Old Swan ftairs we now proceed to the
tion with the clerk of the company, on pain of
weſt extremity of this ward; and the firſt place forfeiting ten pounds; and if any perſon not have
is
ing ſerved ſeven years to a waterman, ſhall row
George-alley. This is very narrow and ordi any boat for hire, he incurs the like penalty, buc
nary; from the ſouth end of which to the Steel gardeners boats, dung boats, lighters, &c. are
yard included, the wharfs are occupied chiefly by excepted.
dyers, diſtillers, brewers, and dealers in iron. All boats and barges belonging to the ſeveral
White-cock-alley is likewiſe very narrow; at
members of this conipany, are obliged to be num-
the ſouth end of which there once ſtood Dyers bered and entered in the company's regiſter. And
hall.
to prevent any impoſition on paſſengers, the fol-
Cold-harbour, corruptly Coal-harbour, is a lowing table of rates have been appointed by the
narrow-lane, inhabited by coopers and ochers court of Lord-mayor and aldermen, to be taken
employed in mercantile buſineſs. At the ſouth by the reſpective watermen rowing upon the river
weſt angle of this lane ftands
Thames, between Graveſend and Windſor.
W A T E R M ANS HA L L.
Rates of Watermen plying upon the river Thames,
either with oars or ſcullers.
1
Oars Scul.
From London-bridge to Limehoufe, New-ig
crane, Shadwell-dock, Bell wharf, Ratcliff olo 6
croſs
From London-bridge to Wapping-dock, Wap-
ping Old and New-ſtairs, the Hermitage, so 60 3
or Rotherhithe church ſtairs
From St. Olave's to Rotherhithe-church-kairs to 60 3
and Rotherhithe-stairs
From Billingſgate and St. Olave's to St. Sa-
viours mill
From any ſtairs between London bridge and
Weſtminſter ist 101
From either ſide above London-bridge to Lam-
beth or Vauxhall
} olo 6
From Whitehall, to Lambeth or Vauxhall
610
3
From the Temple, Dorſet ſtairs, Black friars.
}o 80
ſtairs, or Paul's Wharf to Lambeth
4
For crofing the river in any part between 3 o 40 2
Limehouſe and Vauxhall
60 3
610 3
I
This is a handſome brick building, and is ficu-
ated with its front toward the Thames.
The company of watermen do not appear to
have had any charter of incorporation before the
reign of Philip and Mary; at which time they
were eſtabliſhed by parliament, who enacted, that
out of the watermen between Graveſend and
Windſor, eight overſeers ſhould be choſen by the
court of aldermen of the city of London, to keep
order over the whole body. And it was farther
ordained, that their wherries ſhould be cwelve feet
and a half long, and four feet and a half broad in
the midſhip, or be liable to forfeiture; and that
the names of the watermen be regiſtered by the
overſeers, and their fares appointed by the court
of aldermen, &c. and the Lord-mayor and alder-
men, and the juſtices of the peace of the counties
adjoining to the Thames, have power to deter.
mine offences.
And by another ſtatute made in the reign of
king William III. lighrermen, &c. on the
Thames, between Graveſend and Windſor, are
to be of the Society of watermen and wherry-
men, who are made a company. The Lord-
mayor and court of aldermen fhall yearly elect
eight of the beſt watermen, and three of the beſt
lightermen, to be overſeers and rulers ; and the
watermen thall chufe affiftants, not exceeding
ſixty, nor leſs than forty, and the lightermen nine,
at the principal ſtairs, for preſerving good go-
On court days the rulers are to appoint a cer-
tain number of watermen to ply on Sundays, be-
tween Vauxhall and Limehouſe, for carring pal-
ſengers croſs the river, and to pay them for their
labour, and apply the overplus of the money for
decayed watermen, &c. * No perſon ſhall row
or ply on the river excepe ſuch as have ſerved their
time, or are ſervants or apprentices to watermen.
And by an order of the rulers, watermen uſing
any lewd expreſſions on the river Thames, are to
forfeit two ſhillings and ſix-pence for every of-
fence.
By ftat. 2. George II. c. 26. no waterman on
the Thames ſhall take any apprentice or ſervant,
Rates of oars up and down the river, as well for
the whole fare as campany. I
1
6103
2
4
3 151780's Up the River.
os dada
Fare Comp.
To Chelſea, Batterſea, and Wandſworth
To Putney, Fulham, or Barn alms
610
To Hamerſmith, Chiſwick, or Mortlacks 2 610
2 606
To Brentford, Illeworth or Richmond ps39188
To Twickenham
4
To Kingſton
5
To Hampton-court go
6 01
To Hampton-town, Sunbury or Walton
7 101
To Weybridge and Chertſey
To Stanes
To Windſor
vernment.
9
JO
1 2
0 0.0
14 011
Down the River. - ATT
From London to Graveſend
To Grays, or Greenhithe
Tu Purfleet or Erith
To Woolwich
To Blackwall
To Greenwich or Deptford
Fare Comp,
4
6,0
9
4
4 o
8
6
2
4
2 O 4
1
6
3
OOO OOO
* On the nineteenth of September, 1766, the committee
of the new bridge agreed to inveſt the watermens company
with 13,65ol. conſolidated 3 per cent annuities, to ſatisfy
them for the loſs of the Sunday's ferry at Black-friars, which
was proved to have produced, upon an average, for fourteen.
years, the fum of 4091. 1os. per annum.
Rates

HISTORY and SURVËr of LONDON.
vo
sos
9
2
I
NQ O O O O ON
4
6
0
6
Rates of carrying goods in the tilt boat from London the owners of ſuch boats ſhall forfeit 5li to be le-
to Graveſend.
vied on the boats or goods of the owners of ſuch
boats. And if the company of watermen neg.
£. s. d. lect ſetting up the ſaid bells, and appointing pro-
For every ſingle perſon in the ordinary paſſage
For a hogſhead
per perſons to ring chem, they ſhall forfeit gol:
For a whole firkin
as ſhall ſuch perfons appointed to ring the ſaid
For a half firkin
bells, forfeit 401. for every neglect.
One hundred weight
This company has a court of aſſiſtants, which;
One lack of corn, ſalt, &c.
by the act of 2 Geo. II. is reſtrained to thirty:
An ordinary cheft or trunk
6
An ordinary hamper
It is the ninety-firſt in the liſt of companies ; and
The hire of the whole tilt boat
6 is ſaid to pay above 8ool. per annum to their
poor.
.
Any waterman that takes more than the above Between Campion-lane * and Allhallows-lane,
rates is liable to forfeit 405, and to to ſuffer fix ſtands the parochial church of
months impriſonment: and if he ſets up a fail
between Lambeth and London-bridge, on pro - ALL H ALLOWS THE GRÈ AT.
per complaint made, he forfeits 5s.
It is neceſſary to add, that to prevent the loſing This church, which is a rectory, and one of
the lives of perſons paſſing on the river, it is the thirteen peculiars in London belonging to the
enacted in a ſtatute of the oth of George II. archbiſhop of Canterbury, was anciently deno-
chat no tilt-boat, row-barge, or wherry, cake at minated Allhallows the More, and Allhallows ad
one time more than thirty-ſeven paſſengers, and Fænum, in the Ropery, from its vicinity to a hay
three more by the way; nor in any other boat or wharf, and ſituation among Rope-makers. It
wherry more than eight, and two more by the was founded by the noble family of the Deſpen-
way; nor in any ferry-boat or wherry, allowed to cers, who preſented thereunto in the year 1361.
work on Sundays,any more than eight paſſengers, From whom it paffed with the heireſs to the earl
on pain of forfeiting for the firſt offence 5l. for of Warwick and Saliſbury; and at laſt to the
the ſecond offence iol. and for the third offence, crown, by ſettlement from the widow of Richard
to be disfranchiſed for twelve months from work Nevil, earl of Warwick, upon king Henry VII.
ing on the river, and fron) enjoying the privileges After which Henry VIII. exchanged the fame
of the company. And in caſe any perſon ſhall with Thomas archbiſhop of Canterbury, in the
be drowned, where a greater number of paſſen-year 1546, in whofe fucceffors it ſtill continues.
gers is taken in than is allowed, the waterman This ſpacious and ſtately church, with a large
ſhall be deemed guilty of felony, and tranſported cloiſter on the ſouth ſide thereof, was conſumed
as a felon.
in the general conflagration in 1666, and the
It is alſo enacted by the fame ſtatute, that every preſent edifice was finiſhed in 1683; planned by
tilt-boat be of the burden of fifteen tons, and Sir-Chriſtopher Wren, but not executed with the
any other boat or wherry three tons; and that no fame accuracy that was deſigned. It is 87 feet
Graveſend boats or wherries with cloſe decks or long, 60 feet broad, and 33 feet high to the roof :
bails nailed down, and not moveable, be navi built of ſtone, ſtrong and folid. The walls are plain
gated, tilt-boats only excepted, on the penalty and maſſy: the ornaments are few and ſimple; and
of iol.
the windows, though large, in order to enlighten
Any watermen or wherrymen who wilfully or ſuch a conſiderable breadth, are not numerous.
negligently loſe their tide from Billinfgate to The tower is plain, ſquare, and divided into five
Graveſend, or from thence to Billinſgate, by ſtages, but terminates abſolutely ſquare and
putting alhore for other paſſengers, or by waiting plain, without ſpire, turret or pinnacles. The
or loitering by the way, fo that the firſt paſſen- | cornice is fupported by ſcrolls, and over theſe
gers ſhall be ſet on ſhore two miles ſhort of the riſes a baluſtrade of ſolid conſtruction, ſuitable
place to which they are bound; ſuch paſſengers to the reſt of the building. It is well finiſhed, and
ſhall be diſcharged from paying anything for their ornamented within.
paſſage.
After the fire of London the pariſh of Allhal-
The rules of this company are to appoint two lows the leſs was annexed to this church; and the
or more officers to attend, one at Billinſgate, at two together were made of the yearly value of
every time of high-water at London-bridge, and 200l. in lieu of tythes. The veftry is ſelect, and
the other at Graveſend at the firſt of flood; who the pariſh officers are, two church wardens, two
ſhall publicly ring a bell for fifteen minutes, to overſeers or collectors, and two ſideſmen.
give notice to the cilt-boats and wherries to put The church of Allhallows the Leſs was fitu-
off. And if ſuch wherrymen, &c, do not imme ate nearly adjoining to this, and was ſometimes
diately put off on ringing the ſaid bell, and do called Allhallows on the Cellars, or ſuper Cellari-
not effectually proceed on their voyage, but put from its ſtanding on vaults let out for cel-
on ſhore within two miles of Billinfgate or Graveſ lars.
end, as the caſe may be; or if ſuch boats are not The advowſon of this church, which was an
navigated by two ſufficient men, the youngeſt to ciently a rectory, was in the biſhop of Wincheſ,
be eighteen years old at leaſt ; in every ſuch caſe ter; in whom it continued till a college was
am,
with hay.
This was formerly called Hey-wharf-lane, on account
of its being the market for ſupplying the city of London
founded

512
HISTORY and SURVEY• of LONDON.
founded in the church of St. Laurence Poulte queen Elizabeth, on the eighteenth of April
ney, about the year 1347, who purchaſed the pa 1565, by the by the name of " The maſter and
tronage, and appropriated the fame to his faid col “ wardens and commonalty of the faculty of
lege: from which time it became a curacy or do joyners and cielers of London.” It is a livery
nacive: and falling to the crown, at the general company, the forcy-firſt in the city lift ; and is
fuppreſſion of religious houſes, queen Elizabeth governed by a malter, two wardens and a court
firſt granted it for twenty-one years to William of affiftants.
Verle; and king James I. in the ſecond year of The remaining avenues on the ſouth ſide of
his reign, ſold it to Richard Blake, &c. and their Thames-ſtreet are Brewer's-lane and Friar's-lane,
heirs for ever, in free foccage. By which means which are very mean and ſerve chiefly as paſſages
the impropriation is now in the heirs or aſſigns to the lay-ſtall at Dowgate-dock.
of the right Reverend Dr. Edward Waddington; On the north fide of Thames-ſtreet is Little
late biſhop of Chicheſter.
Elbow-lane, ſo called from its bending form from
The Gre of this church is now uſed as a burial St. Michael's Royal, into Thames-itreet; both
place for the inhabitants. The veftry is gene which, and that part of Great Elbow-lane, that
ral; and the pariſh officers are, two churchwar lies in this ward, are well inhabited.
dens, and two collectors for the poor.
On the north fide of Great Elbow-lane, near
More to the weſt, and cloſe to Coſin-lane, is the church is a very beautiful and convenient
the Sceel-yard, corruptly called Still-yard. This building, called
was originally the hall of the Almaine, Anſeatic,
or German merchants, where they had warehouſes INNHOLDERS HALL.
for wheat, rye, and other grain ; and for cables,
ropes, pitch, tarr, malls, hemp, flax, linen, This company was incorporated by king Hen-
cloth, wainſcots, wax, ſteel, &c. It is a large, ry VIII, on the twenty firſt of December, 1515,
open place, with two wide paſſages for carts, to by the ſtyle of “ The maſter, wardens, and com-
the river ſide, where is a crane, and ſtairs for land pany, of the art or myſtery of innholders of the
ing iron, of which here are always large quanti city of London. It is a 'livery company the
ties kept. In this yard are ſome good houſes for thirty ſecond on the city liſt; and is governed
merchants who trade in iron, for which it is of by a matter, three wardens and a court of af-
great note, but was formerly of greater, from Giftants.
the merchants of Almaine. Here are likewiſe In Little Eibow-lane is ſituate
large warehouſes for depoſiting goods belonging to
the Eaſt India company.
D Y ERS H A L L.*
Farcher to the weſt and near Friars-lane, is
ſituate
This company was incorporated in the ſecond
of Edward Iv. in the year 1472, by the name of
JOYNERS H A L L.
“ The wardens and commonalty of the myſtery
" of dyers, London ; with the privilege of
This building is remarkably curious for a mag keeping ſwans upon the river Thames. It is now
nificent ſcreen at the entering into the hall room, governed by two wardens and a court of affiftants;
having demi-ſavages, and a variety of other en was anciently one of the twelve companies; but
richments carved in right wainſcot. The great now ranks only in the thirteenth place; and en-
parlour is wainſcotted with cedar.
joys the privilege of the livery.
The company of joiners was incorporated by
CHAPTER
XVI.
Of F A R RIN G D O N W A R D Within.
T:
HIS ward, as well as that of Farring- i| by the following abſtract of a deed made in the
don without, takes its name from Wil reign of king Edward I.
liam Farringdon, citizen and goldſmith
of London, who with his ſon Nicholas, were " Thomas de Ardene fonne and heire to Sir
poffeffors thereof for a great number of years. Ralph Ardene, knt, granted to Ralph le Feure,
Theſe two wards in ancient times, had but one citizen of London, one of the ſheriffs in the
alderman, and that not by election, but by in year 1277, all the aldermanrie, with the ap-
heritance or purchaſe, as will more fully appear purtenances, within the city of London and
* The old hall, which formerly ſtood near Old Swan-lane,
Thames-ſtreet, being deſtroyed by the dreadful conflagration
in 1666, and a number of warehouſes erected in its place,
the company thought proper to convert one of their own
houſes (the preſent building) into a hall to tranſact their af-
fairs in.
ſuburbs

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
513
ſuburbs of the ſame, between Ludgate and church on the weſt ſide. From this ſtreet it runs
Newgare, and alſo without the ſame gates ; along Cheapſide to the Old Change, which is in
which aldermanrie Ankerinus de Averne held this ward on the eaſt ſide, as far as one houſe
during his life, by the grant of the ſaid Thomas fouth of St. Auguſtin's church, adjoining to
de Ardene. To have and to hold unto the ſaid Watling-ſtreet; and on the weſt fide to the place
Ralph, and to his heires, freely without all chal where once ſtood the eaſt arch, or gate, built by
lenge; yeelding therefore yeerly to the ſaid Tho Nicholas Farendon in 1361, at the entrance into
mas and his heires, one clove (or ſlip) of gilli the ſouth church-yard of St. Paul's; and within
flowers, at the feaſt of Eaſter, for all ſecular the ſaid gate, all that part which was formerly
ſervice and cuſtome, with warrantie unto the ſaid called the north church-yard. Then from the
Ralph de Feure, and his heires, againſt all people, north end of the Old change to the ſite of the
Chriſtians and Jewes, in conſideration of ewenty north gate of St. Paul's church-yard, which
markes, which the faid Ralph de Feure did give opened into Cheapſide ; ſo up the ſouth ſide of
before hand, in name of a gerſum or fine, to the Pater-noſter-row to within about cwelve doors of
ſaid Thomas, &c.
Avemary-lane, the weſt ſide of which is in this
Dated the 5th of Edward I.
ward : and thence fouthward, Ludgate-ſtreet,
Witneſſe, G. de Rokelly, maior.
(formerly called Bowyer-row, as far as the ſpot
R. Arrar, one of the ſheriffes.
where lately ſtood Ludgate : and on the north
H. Wales,
ſide, up Pater-noſter-row, beginning where the
P. le Taylor,
conduit ftood, facing the Old Change, to Pan.
T. de Balling,
nier-alley, Ivy-lane, Newgate-market, and War-
J. Horn,
wick-lane, the eaſt ſide of which, and the weſt
N. Blackthorn, alderman of London.” end of Pater-nofter-row, are in Baynard-caſtle
ward. But this ward croſſes Ludgate-ftreet, and
After this, John le Feure, fon and heir to the takes in the weſt ſide of Creed-lane, and all
ſaid Ralph le Feure, granted to William Faren Black-friars.
don, citizen and goldſmith of London, and to From the above great croſs, or the ſite thereof,
his heirs, the ſaid aldermanry, with the appurte-
this ward runs weſtward on the north fide, and
nances, for the ſervice thereunto belonging in the down Gutter-lane, as far as Huggen-lane on the
feventh of Edward I. in the year of Chriſt 1279. eaſt ſide, and to Kery-lane on the weſt. Then
This aldermanry deſcended to Nicholas Faren from the ſouth end of Gutter-lane weſtward to
don, ſon to the ſaid William, and his heirs. Foſter-lane, and down that lane to the north fide
Which Nicholas, alſo a goldſmith, was four times of St. Foſter's church-yard only on the eaſt ſide,
mayor, and lived many years after. He made and to over againſt the ſouth weſt corner of the
his will in the year 1361, which was fifty-three faid church-yard on the weſt fide. But from
years after his firſt being mayor, and was buried thence to the wall on the weſt ſide of Noble-ſtreet
in St. Peter's church in Cheap. So this ward is in Alderſgate ward. Then from the ſaid wall
continued under the government of William Fa down to Windfor-houſe, or Nevil's-Inn, and
rendon, and Nicholas his ſon, the ſpace of four down Monkwell-ſtreet, on the weſt ſide, and then
ſcore and two years, and retains their name to this by London-wall to Cripplegate, all which is in
preſent day.
Farringdon ward. Then from the ſouth end of
At the firſt nomination or diviſion of this city Foſter-lane weſtward to St. Martin's-le-Grand,
into wards, it was called the ward Fori; and the and away to Newgate, which includes both ſides
addition of Within the wall of London, and of the way in Newgate-ſtreet, and terminates the
Without the wall of London, was in proceſs of north ſide of this ward.
time given to each part by act of parliament, We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward at the
when that large poffeffion of the Farendons, or eaſt extremity, which takes in thac part of Cheap-
Farringdons, was divided into two aldermanries, ſide where formerly ſtood the great croſs erected
to be governed by two aldermen, in the choice of by king Edward I. in the year 1290.
the inhabitants.
The ſtreet of Cheapſide is ſpacious and large,
This ward is bounded on the eaſt by Cheap || graced with very lofty buildings, which are well
ward and Caſtle Baynard ward; on the north by inhabited by goldſmiths, linen-drapers, haber-
Alderfgate and Cripplegate wards, and the liber daſhers, and other noted tradefmen, being the
ty of St. Martin’s-le-Grand ; on the weſt by Far chief high ſtreet in the city, and of a very great
ringdon without; and on the ſouth by Baynard reſort, as leading to and from the Royal Exchange
caſtle ward, and the river Thames. It is divided to all parts weſtward.
into eighteen precincts, and is governed by an At the ſouth weſt angle of Wood ſtreet there
alderman, ſeventeen common-council-men, (of once ſtood a church dedicated to St. Peter ; but
whom one is the aldernian's deputy) nineteen of what antiquity we know not, other than that
conſtables, ſeventeen inqueft-men, nineteen ſca Thomas de Winton was rector thereof in the year
vengers and two beadles.
1324. It was ſometimes called by the name of
This ward begins where once ſtood the great St. Peter's in Wood-ſtreet, and at other times St.
croſs in Weſtcheap, alias Cheapſide ; thence it Peter of Weſtcheap. The church, however, be-
runs on the ſouth ſide from Friday-ftreet weſt- || ing deſtroyed by the fire in 1666, the pariſh is
ward, including as much of Friday-ſtreet as the united to St. Matthew's, Friday-ſtreet ; and the
north eaſt corner of St. Matthew's church on the ſite is now uſed as a burying place for the in-
eaſt fide, and till the ſouth corner of the ſaid habitants.
43
6 O
More

$14
HISTORY and SURV É r of LONDON.
More weſtward from Wood ſtreet, on the ſame and as ſuch it continued many years after. It
fide, is Gutter-lane, which is principally inha was not made a rectory till poffeffed by Thomas
bited by working ſilverſmiths, and fuch as are de Newton, who was buried in the choir in the year
pendent on that trade. In this lane ſtands
1461. In ancient records it is called St. Michael
ad Bladum, i. e. at the corn (which poſterity has
EM BROIDERERS H A L L. corruptly pronounced Querne) becauſe, at the
time this church was founded, there was a corn
This building, though ſmall, is very handſome, market that reached up from it weſtward to the
and conveniently adapted for the management of
ſhambles or fleſh market; from which fituacion
the affairs of the company, who were incorporat it was ſometimes called St. Michael de Macello.
ed by queen Elizabeth in the year 1591, by the At the eaſt end of this church ſtood the Old
title of " The keepers or wardens and company Croſs in Weſtcheap, which was taken down in
" of the art or myſtery of the Broiderers of the che year 1390. And in this church was buried
s city of London.” It is a livery company, the John Leland, or Leyland, the celebrated anti-
48th in the city liſt; and is under che government | quarian, who was a prieſt in holy orders, and
of two keepers or wardens, and a court of af miniſter of Hafeley, in Oxfordſhire, and other
fiftants.
churches. He was empowered by commiſſion
A little farther to the weſt is Foſter-lane, on the under the broad ſeal, to ſearch all libraries, &c.
eaſt ſide of which ſtands the parochial church of for the antiquities of England; and having re-
tired to his houſe in St. Michael's pariſh, to finiſh
St. VEDAS T, alias Foster's. the books he had promiſed to the king, he fell
diſtracted, and died in 1552.
This church, which is a reétory, is fo denomi The pariſhioners of St. Michael Querne ftill
nated from its being dedicated to St. Vedaft, preſerve their rights and privileges; they hold a
biſhop of Arras; and the additional appellation, veftry, which is general, and chuſe their own of-
eicher from the place of its ſituation, or the found. ficers, who are two churchwardens and fix audio
er or rebuilder. The firſt mention made of this tors of accounts.
church is, that Walter de London was preſented On the weſt ſide of Foſter-lane, is the ſite of
therero in the year 1308.
a ſmall ancient pariſh church, which was a rectory,
The patronage of this church was anciently dedicated to St. Leonard, and recorded by the
in, and continued with the prior and convent of name of Ecclefia SanEti Leonardi in Venella S. V 8+
Canterbury, till the year 1352, when coming to daſti, London. It was founded by the dean of
the archbiſhop of that ſee, it has been in him and St. Martin's-le-Grand for the uſe of the laicy in
his ſucceſſors ever ſince ; and is one of the thir that liberty, in whom the patronage continued
teen peculiars in this city, belonging to the archi till Henry VII. annexed that deanry to Weſtmin-
epiſcopal fee.
fter-abbey, fince which it has remained in the
Though this church was not entirely deſtroyed dean and chapter of Weſtminſter, who, in right
by the dreadful conflagration in 1666, yet it re thereof, preſent alternately to the living of
ceived very conſiderable damage ; and was after Chriſt-church, Newgate-ſtreet and St. Leonard.
wards repaired for the moſt part upon the old
The ſite of the church is now a burying-ground
walls. The ſteeple ſtood till the year 1694, when for the pariſhioners, who hold a veſtry which is
it was found in ſuch a weak condition that the
general, and chooſe two churchwardens.
pariſhioners had it taken down and rebuilt, at At the ſouth-eaſt angle of Foſter-lane, and
their own charge, entirely of ſtone. It is ſixty- || facing Cheapfide, ſtands
nine feet long, fifty-one feet broad, and thirty-
fix feet high to the roof; and is well enlightened
S A D L E R S HA L L.
by a range of windows placed ſo high, that the
doors
open
under them, The tower is plain, and This is a very neat building, the inſide of which
the ſpire, which is ſhort, riſes from a double is adorned with fret work and wainſcot; and
baſe.
though ſmall, yet it exceeds many others both
To this pariſh, after the fire of London, was with reſpect to beauty and convenience.
annexed that of St. Michael Querne ; both of The fraternity of Sadlers appears to be of ſuch
which are ſettled at the yearly value of 160l. per antiquity, that there is extanta convention between
annum, in lieu of tythes, with the right of pre them and the dean and chapter of St. Martin's-le
ſentation to the archbiſhop, and dean and chap Grand, about the reign of Richard I. But it
ter of St. Paul's alternately. The veſtry is ge does not appear that they were legally incorporat-
neral; and the pariſh officers are only two church ed till Edward I. granted them a charter by the
wardens, and ſeven auditors of accounts.
ſtyle of « The wardens or keepers, and com-
The pariſh of St. Michael Querne is a rectory, “ monalty, of the myſtery or art of Sadlers of
the church whereof ſtood at the weſt end of « London.” It is a livery company, the 26th in
Cheapſide, fronting the ſtreet, the ſite of which the city liſt; and is governed by a prime, three
after its deſtruction in 1666, was laid into the other wardens, and a court of aliftants.
ſtreet by the act for rebuilding the city.
Returning ſome way eaſtward, on the ſouth
The earlieſt account we find of this church is ſide of Cheapfide, we take in that part of Fri-
in the year 1181, when the ſtate thereof was re day-ſtreet which is in this ward: on the weſt ſide
turned to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's ; at of which, and almoſt at the north end thereof, is
which time it appears to have been only a chapel, ſituate the pariſh church of
St.

HISTORY and SURVEY of L ON Ñ O N.
SIS
St. MATTHEW, FRIDAY-STREET, of this living is, and always has been in the deari
and chapter of St. Paul's.
This church owes its name to its dedication to The old church was burnt down in 1666, and
St. Matthew the Evangeliſt, and its ſituation in afterwards rebuilt very ſubſtantially with ſtone.
the ſtreet of chat nane.
It is well pewed and wainſcotted ; and the altar-
The patronage of this rectory being anciently in piece is ſpacious and beautiful, having, peculiar
the abbot and convent of Weltminſter, it conti to it, a winged heart aſpiring towards glory, with
nued in them till their ſuppreſſion; when the con theſe words in gold on a blue ground, Surſum
ventual church being converted into a cathedral, corda, i. e. lift up your hearts.
Henry VII. conferred the fame upon the biſhop. After the fire of London this church was made
But the new biſhopric being ſoon after diffolved, parochial for St. Auſtin's and St. Faith's annexed
Edward VI. in the year 1551, granted the fanie to it, and the living of both united was made
to the biſhop of London, and his fucceffors, in of the yearly value of 1721. in lieu of tythes.
whom the advowſon ftill continues,
The veftry is ſelect, and the pariſh officers are
The old church being deſtroyed by the fire of only two churchwardens.
London in 1666, the preſent ſtructure was erect The church of St. Faith, * when in being;
ed on its ruins. It is a plain ſtone building, was only a kind of chapel within the cathedral
with one ſeries of large arched windows; and at church of St. Paul. It was dedicated to St.
the eaſt end is the ſteeple, which conſiſts of a Faith, a holy virgin of Agen, in Aquitain in
ſquare brick tower, void of all ornament.
France, who ſuffered martyrdom for the chriſtian
This church not only ſerves for the uſe of its faith under Dioclefian the emperor, becauſe ſhe
own inhabitants, but likewiſe thoſe of the pariſh would not offer facrifices to the idol gods; and
of St. Peter's Weſtcheap, whoſe church being it was called Ecclefia ſancte Fidei in cryptis, or the
deſtroyed in 1666, and not rebuilt, the pariſh is church of St. Faith in the vaults underground;
united to this, and both together made of the being ſituated at the weſt end of Jeſus chapel,
yearly value of 1501. in lieu of tythes. The under the choir of the cathedral church of St.
veftry is general, and the pariſh officers are, two Paul; which chapel being ſuppreſſed by king
churchwardens and collectors, and five auditors Edward VI. the pariſhioners of St. Faith
were,
of accounts:
in the year 1551, permitted to remove into the
The church of St. Peter, Cheap, ſtood at the fame, which continued as a pariſh church till the
fouth-weſt corner of Wood-ſtreet; but of what cathedral was demoliſhed by the great fire in
antiquicy we know not, other than that Thomas
1666. It is a rectory, and one of the peculiars
de Winton, was rector thereof in the year 1324, belonging to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's,
The patronage of this church was anciently in the where they are both patrons and ordinaries. The
abbot and convent of St. Alban's; with whom veftry is general, and the pariſh officers are, two
it continued till the ſuppreſſion of their monaſ churchwardens, and four auditors of accounts.
tery, when Henry VIII, in the year 1546, grant In leaving the eaſt extremity of this ward, we
ed the fame to the earl of Southampton, in which proceed from the north weſt corner of Cheapſide
family it continued till the year 1667, when, by into Newgate-ſtreet, which takes its name from
the death of Thomas, ear) of Southampton, it the gate at the weſt end, and is a place of good
deſcended to one of his daughters, by which trade and well inhabited. On
On the north ſide of
means it came to the Montague family; ſo that this ſtreet is Butcher-hall-lane, which in former
the right of preſentation to St. Matthew Friday-
times was known by the name of Stinking-lane,
ftreet and St. Peter Cheap united, is alternately
on account of the naftineſs of the place, occa-
in the biſhop of London and the Montague fa-
ſioned by the ſlaughter-houſes in it. Since the
mily.
removal of which it has been well built and in-
This pariſh holds a general veftry, and is go . habited. The lane runs, through ſeveral turn-
verned by two churchwardens or overſeers, and
ings, on the eaſt into St. Martin's le Grand, and
ſeven auditors of accounts.
to Alderſgate; on the north through a broad
Farther to the weſt, on the fame ſide, is the
paved paſſage into Town-ditch; and on the weſt
ftreet called the Old Change, which leads into
into Chriſt.church hoſpital.
Watling-ſtreet: at the weſt end of which, on the
Farther to the weſt from Butcher-hall-lane, on
north ſide, is ſituate the pariſh church of the ſame fide, is a paſſage which leads to
St. AUGUSTIN, OR AUSTIN, CHRIST CHURCH, Newgate-ſtreet.
This church, which is a rectory, is ſo called This church, which is dedicated to the name
from its dedication to Auſtin or Auguſtin the and honour of Our Saviour, originally belonged
monk, and firſt archbiſhop of Canterbury. It
to the convent of Grey Friers, or Franciſcans,
was anciently denominated Ecclefia Sankti Auguf-
which falling to the crown at the diſſolution of
tini ad Portam, from its vicinity to the ſouth-eaſt
thac religious houſe, king Henry VIII. gave it to
gate of St. Paul's church-yard, The patronage che mayor, commonalty and citizens of London,
* This church was originally a diftin& building from St.
Paul's, at the eaſt end of the cathedral ; but that building
was demoliſhed to make way for the enlargement of
St. Paul's church, in the year 1251 or 1256. In lieu
whereof a conveniency was made under the choir, and on
the ſpot where St. Faith's church had ftood, as a place of
worſhip for the pariſhioners.
to

516
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
to make a pariſh church thereof, in lieu of the Adjoining to this church, at the north weſt
two churches of St. Ewen, in Newgate-market,
corner we enter
near the north corner of Eldeneſs (now called
Warwick lane) and of St. Nicholas in the Sham-
CHRIS T's HOSPITAL.
bles, on the north ſide of Newgate ſtreet, where
there is now a court. Both which churches and This hoſpital was founded by king Edward VI.
their pariſhes were thereupon demoliſhed; and (See page 201) for the maintenance and educa-
as much of St. Pulchre's pariſh as laid within tion of poor fatherleſs children, † to be virtu-
Newgate, was added to this new erected pariſh ouſly brought up, and fitted for crades.
church, which was then ordered to be called by
This pious example of the young king was
the name of Chriſt-church. From which time it from time to time improved by his royal luccef-
was made a Vicarage and pariſh church, in the ſors. King Charles II. founded a inathematical
patronage of the mayor, commonalty, and citi ſchool and ward, lying on the weſt part of the
zens of the city of London, governors of the hoſpital, for the inſtruction of forty boys in the
poor, called the hoſpital of Little St. Bartholo mathematics, eſpecially in that part of it that re-
niew's, alſo of the foundation of Henry VIII.* ſpects navigation; and liberally endowed it with
The Old church being deſtroyed by the fire of 1oool. per annum, paid out of the exchequer for
London in 1666, only the choir or eaft end there ſeven years, for the founding thereof.
of has been rebuilt, with a tour added to it, hav Sir William Cheſter, knt, and aldermen of
ing none before. This edifice, however, is built London, and John Calthorp, citizen and draper
of ſtone, very ſtrong, ſpacious, and beautiful. of the fame city, at their own proper coits and
The tower is fquare, and of a conſiderable charges, made the brick walls and way on the
height, crowned with a light handſome turret,
back ſide, which leadeth from the ſaid hofpital to
adorned with vaſes. The inſide is neatly orna-
the hoſpical of St. Bartholomew; and alſo covered
mented; the walls and pillars are wainſcoted; and
and vaulted the Town ditch, from Alderſgate to
there are very large galleries on the north, weſt, Newgate; which before was very loathſome, and
and ſouth ſides. The pulpit is veneered and
infectious to the ſaid hoſpital.
Carved with the figures of our Saviour and his
This hoſpital being thus erected, and put into
twelve apoſtles, fitcing at the laſt fupper, and the
good order, there was one Richard Caftel, alias
four Evangelifts. The altar is ſpacious; and the
Caſtellar, ſhoe-maker, dwelling in Weſtminſter,
communion table ſtands on a foot-piece of black
man who was very aſſiduous in his faculty with
and white marble, encompaſſed with handſome
his own hands; and ſuch a one as was named
rails and banniſters; and the front is made of the Cock of Weſtminſter, becauſe both winter
white marble, neatly carved in relievo.
and ſummer he was at work by four o'clock in
After the fire of London it was made the paro-
the morning. This man thus truly and painfully
chial church for the inhabitants of this, and the labouring for his living, God bleffed and increaſed
pariſh of St. Leonard Foſter-lane, which is an-
his labours fo abundantly, that he purchaſed lands
nexed to it; and both together are made of the
and tenements at Weſtminſter, to the yearly value
yearly value of two hundred pounds in lieu of of 441. and, having no child, with the conſent
tythes.
of his wife, who ſurvived him, and was a virtu-
This living is alternately in the gift of the go ous good woman, gave the fame lands wholly to
vernors of St. Bartholomew's hoſpital, who, being || Chriſt's hoſpital aforeſaid, to the relief of the
impropriators, appoint a vicar; but the pariſh of
innocent and fatherleſs children, and for the fuc-
St. Leonard is a rectory in the gift of the dean
cour of the miſerable, ſure and ſick, harboured
and chapter of Weſtminſter, ſo that they preſent in the other hoſpitals about London.
alternately. The veftry is general; and the pa-
By the conſtitution of this hoſpital the mache-
riſh officers are two church-wardens and four col matical maſter muſt be thus qualified: he muſt
lectors for the poor.
be a ſober, diſcreet, and diligent perſon, of good
Here are ſeveral gift fermons, viz. one on St. life, a good ſcholar, very well underſtanding the
Matthew's day; on the fifth and ſeventeenth of latin and greek languages, a very good mathe-
November ; on St. Stephen's day; on the firſt matician, well knowing and ready in the theory
Sunday in lent; on the Sunday after aſcenſion-day;
and practice of all its parts; to the end boys may
on Chriſtmas-day and Midſummer-day.
be furthered in the latin tongue, and the maſter
Facing the weſt end of the church, acroſs the
able to anſwer ſtrangers, if need be; and that
public paſſage is the old church-yard, and the they and others may find his abilities to facis-
remaining ſite of the old church.
faction.
* The king gave five hundred marks per annum in land,
for ever, for the maintenance of the ſaid church, with di-
vine ſervice, repairs, &c. In conſideration whereof, the
mayor, commonalty, and citizens, did covenant and grant
(inter alia) to find and ſuſtain one preacher at this church,
who was to be from time to time vicar thereof; giving unto
him yearly for his ftipend 161. 135. 4d. to the viſitor (now
called the ordinary of Newgate) iol. and to the other five
prieſts in Chriſt's-church, all to be helping in divine ſervice,
miniftering the facrament and ſacramentals, 81. each ; to two
clerks 61. each ; and to a ſexton 41. yearly,
† In the year 1552 began the repairing of the Grey-
friers houſe, for the poor fatherleſs children ; and, in the
month of November the children were taken into the ſame,
to the number of almoſt 400. On Chrifmas day in the af-
ternoon, while the Lord-mayor and alder men rode to St.
Pauls, the children of Chriſt's hoſpital ftood from St. Lau.
rence's-lane end in Cheap, towards St Paul's, all in one
livery of rufſet cotton, 340 in number; and the Eaſter
following they were in blue, and ſo have continued ever
ſince,
Ten

Engravet for Chamberlain's History of London in
mit
BRUIEN
HHHHH
VIEW of CHRISTS-CHURCH HOSPITAL
LEITTEET
ROW A K L
TININ
T 90 000 1
A.Smith sculp.
VIEW of ST BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL.

HISTORM and SURV E T of LONDON.
517
Ten boys are to be put forth yearly appren John Morice and Sir Robert Clayton, the former
tices to maſters of ſhips, to the end that they giving a 1oool. the other much more.
may be fit in time to do ſervice in the navy royal, There is another convenient ward apart by it-
and ten more to be received in their rooms. Theſe ſelf, for the ſick, where they that fall into any
youths, who are chofen out of the reſt of the diſtempers are removed, and due care taken of
blue coat boys, are to be the moſt acute, and of them. It conſiſts of a room for the lodging of
the readieſt wits, that they may be fit for mathe the ſick, a kitchen, a conſultation chamber, and
niatical ſtudies. Theſe, as a badge of diſtinction, other convenient places; with a proper nur'e.
wear on their breaſts, faſtened to their coats, a Of the ancient buildings remaining, there is
plate of ſilver, with ſome figures engraven, the an old cloiſter of the Grey-friars, and was part of
dye whereof is kept in the lower, where they the old priory. It ferves for a thoroughfare, and
are all ſtamped. The chief figures are three li a place of recreation for the boys, eſpecially in
beral ſciences, viz. arithmetic with a ſcroll of ac rainy weather : but, being gone to decay, it was
counts in one hand, and laying her other hand repaired, by the direction of that excellent archi-
upon a blue coat boy's head, having his cap un tect Sir Chriſtopher Wren, knt.
der his arn. The next figure repreſents Geome For ſchools, there are theſe: a grammar ſchool,
try, with a triangle in her hand. The third aſtro a mathematical ſchool, a writing ſchool, and a
nomy, with a quadrant in one hand, and a ſphere ſchool for the girls, where they learn to read, to
in the other. There is alſo the figure of a ſhip or few and to mark.
two under fail, with a wind from heaven, blowing The grammar ſchool is ancient; the other more
as it were upon it a proſperous gale. There are modern, and ſet up ſince the great fire.
alſo in the clouds two angels, one of them a The writing ſchool is a very fair ſtructure, at
Mercury; and theſe words wrote round, declar the end of the great hall, lofty and airy ; founded
ing the royal founder, and the year when this by Sir John Moore, knt: ſometime one of the
ſchool commenced, viz. Aufpicio Caroli Secundi aldermen of the city, and preſident of this houſe.
Regis, 1673. This badge they wear conſtantly, | It containeth long writing boards, fufficient for
not only in the hoſpital, and about the town, but three hundred boys to ſit and write at. It coſt
when they are put forth; which, when ſeen, ſe the builder 5000l. whoſe ftatue, in white marble,
cureth them from being preffed.
at full proportion, is placed at the upper end,
There have been ſometimes 1000 poor chil with this inſcription:
dren, and more, maintained here at one time.
There is a great and ſpacious hall, built after
Anno Dom. 1694.
the great fire by Sir John Frederick, alderman of “ This writing ſchool, and ſtately building,
London, the expence of which amounted to five
was begun, and compleatly finiſhed, at
thouſand pounds. In this hall at the upper end " the ſole charge of Sir John Moore, knt.
is a large picture, that covereth all the wall of " and Lord-mayor of the city, in the year
the north end, and ſtretcheth on the eaſt and weſt “ MDCLXXXI ; now preſident of this
walls, repreſenting king James II. but intended " houſe; he having been otherwiſe a liberal
for king Charles II. had he lived but a lictle 66 benefactor to the ſame."
longer, fitting there, and his nobles, and the
go-
vernors, and treaſurer, and others in great num The maſters of theſe ſchools are four, viz. a
bers ſtanding about him, with the pictures of king grammar maſter, who hath alſo an ulher to aſſiſt
Edward VI. and king Charles II. as founders, him; a mathematical maſter; and a writing
drawn half way, painted as hanging up in the maſter; who have cool. per annum each, for their
ſame table. And there is a particular repreſenta- || falaries, beldes houſes.
tion of the mathematical ſchool; it is done by There are alſo two ſchool miſtreſſes that teach
Vario, and reckoned worch 100ol. There is like the girls; who alſo have ſufficient ſalaries, and
wiſe at the other end of this hall, a large picture houſes to dwell in.
more ancient of king Edward VI. the firſt foun The grammar maſter hath alſo an addition of
der, delivering his royal charter for this hoſpital twenty pounds yearly, for catechiſing the boys ;
to the mayor, who kneeleth with the aldermen and his uſher fifty pounds a year beſides. In ſhort
behind him; a biſhop, which we ſuppoſe is Rid twelve or thirteen hundred pounds per annum is
ley, with many others ſtanding about ; an ancient expended in ſalaries to the officers, clerks, and
and a fine piece: nor muſt we forget the fine piece ſervaitts; all of whom are choſen by the go-
of the pool of Betheſda, very large, and painted
in a maſterly ſtile by Mr. Hogarth.
This hoſpital has been further improved, by
In this hall is a good organ, that oftentimes entertaining a maſter to teach the boys drawing.
plays, when the boys alſo fing their pſalms or Some ſkill in which art is ſo very uſeful to many,
anthems on Sundays and other ſpecial days. or moſt mechanical trades; as, beſides painters,
There are eight wards where the children's beds thoſe of feamen, carpenters, joiners, plumbers,
are, and where they lodge and harbour: in each carvers, maſons, bricklayers, &c.
of theſe wards are harboured above fifty odd, one The governors are many, and commonly
with another.
perſons that have been maſters or wardens of
The girls have a ward alſo by themſelves; which their companies, or men of eſtates, or from
is ſituated paffing out of the great hall on the eaſt. whom there are expectations of charity. Out of
It is fair and handſome, and indeed, the beſt theſe, one is preſident, and he commonly is
ward of all. It was built ar the coſt of Mr. ſome ancient alderman chac hath paſſed the
44
6 P
chair
vernors.

$18
HIS TORT and SURV É r of LONDON.
chair; and another is treaſurer, who takes care Itreet-men, that fee to the well government of
of the affairs of the whole houſe, and of the the carts of London. Likewiſe certain clerks for
revenues, and therefore is commonly reſident, Blackwell-hall; whence are certain duties coming
and hath a good houſe to dwell in, but without to the houſe.
any ſalary: and ſuch an one is choſen by the The beer provided by this great family is ſup-
governors for this great truſt, who is of note plied by two brewers, and the bread by three
for his ability, integrity, and charity: and ac bakers.
cording to the repure he hath, ſo the hoſpical There are two of the governors that are called
uſually flouriſheth, and the benefactions come in almoners, who for a month, or more, take care
plentifully.
to buy and lay in butchers meat, that is, beef
Every governor, when he is admitted into this and mutton; the fteward attending them.
fociety, hath this charge folemnly given him, in Every morning the children have for their
the prelence of the preſident or treafurer, and breakfaſt bread and beer, at half an hour paſt
other governors afſembled in court :
fix in the morning in the ſummer time; and at
half an hour paſt ſeven in the winter. On Sun-
Worſhipful,
days they have boiled beef and portage for their
dinners; and for their ſuppers bread and butter.
" The cauſe of your repair hither at this preſent On Mondays milk-potrage, Tueſdays roaſt
4 is, to give you knowledge, that you are elected mutton, Wedneſdays rice-milk, Thurſdays boiled
" and appointed, by the Lord-nayor and court beef and broth, Fridays boiled mutton and broth,
66 of aldermen, to the office, charge, and govern-
and on Saturdays peale pottage.
" ance of Chriſt's-hoſpital.
Their ſupper is bread and cheeſe, or butter for
" And, therefore, this is to require you, and thoſe that cannot eat cheeſe.
every of you, that you endeavour you felves, They have roaſt beef about twelve days
66 with all your wiſdom and power, faithfully in the year, by the kindneſs of ſeveral be-
and diligently to ſerve in this vocation and nefactors; who have left, fome three pounds,
calling, which is an office of high truſt and ſome thirty ſhillings per annum for that end and
worſhip: for ye are called to be the faithful purpoſe.
5 diftribucors and diſpofers of the goods of Al To ſupport all this, the hofpital has a great
mighty God to his poor and needy members. | annual revenue in houſes and lands; the benefic
os In the which office and calling if you ſhall be of licenfing and looking after the four hundred
“ found negligent and unfaithful, ye ſhall not and twency carts allowed by the city, each of
only declare yourſelves to be the moſt unthank which pays a certain fum for ſealing ; and the
ss ful and unworthy ſervants of Almighty God; the duty of about three farthings upon every piece
being put in truit to ſee the relief and ſuccour of cloth brought to Blackwell-hall.
" of his poor and needy fock ; but alſo ye ſhall This hoſpital alſo provides for a conſiderable
“ fhew yourſelves to be very notable and great number of younger children at Ware and Hert-
“ enemics to that work, which moſt highly ford; at each of which places there is a ſchool-
s doth advance and beautify the common maſter, with a falary of fifty pounds each, to
" wealth of this realm, and chiefly of this city teach chofe children to read. Ac Ware, the hof.
ss of London. relegats
pital ſchool is built like a college, making a large
“ Theſe are therefore to require you, and every quadrangle, for boys: conſiſting of a ſchool-
e of you, that ye here promiſe before God, and houſe, the maſter's houſe, and thirteen houſes for
this affembly of your fellow-governors, faith nurſes to keep the children. At Hertford, there
" fully to travail in this your office and calling, is a ſchool-houſe, a malters houſe, and twenty
" that this work may have its perfection, and others, with two rooms on a floor, and gardens
as that the needy number committed to your belonging.
“ charge be diligently and wholomely provided On the north ſide of the cloiſters are two doors:
“ for, as you will anſwer before God, at the one opens into Town ditch, which is now a fine
“ hour and time when you and we ſhall ftand be open area, with ſeveral good houſes built, and
66 fore him, to render an account of our doings. || well inhabited: the other opens a way into St.
65 And, promiſing this to do, you ſhall be now Bartholomew's-hoſpital and Smithfield. And cloſe
• admitted into this company and fellowſhip.”. to this door or gate, on the weſt ſide is a burial
ground, in which are interred ſuch as die in New-
Befides the chief governors, they have divers
gate, &c.
officers that receive ſalaries, viz. four clerks, a The principal gate into this hoſpital is on the
ſteward and a matron; for every ward, a nurſe weſt, and almoſt at the ſouth weſt corner of the
and her maid; a porter and four beadles. old building, from the court which to this day is
They have alſo three ſervants, which they call called the Grey-friars.* In queen Mary's days
there
os
* Theſe were a fociety or religious order founded by St.
Francis of Alili, canonized by pope Gregory IX. in 1228.
Of whom a detached body of nine brethren, five whereof
were prieſts, and four lay brothers, were ſent from Italy to
ſettle and propagate their order in England. The prieſts
placed themſelves at Canterbury, in the year 1224. The
lay-brothers came to London, and were entertained by the
Friars Preachers in Oldborn for about fifteen days, or till
they could be accommodated with a convenient houſe for
themſelves, which they ſoon obtained of John Travers, one
of the ſheriffs in 1224. In which houſe they made them-
ſelves cells, and continued till their numbers, in a few
years,

HISTORY and SUR VÉT of LONDON.
$19
September, granted a charter twenty-third of | ceeding fourteen days, unleſs for non-payment
there was in this place a ſtinking loathſome dun the ſame faculty. By virtue whereof they were
geon, where it had been uſual to confine and pu enabled to purchaſe and poſſeſs; in fee and per-
niſh vagabonds; and in the Marian perſecution it || petuity; lands, tenements and rents, and any
ſerved for the impriſonment of ſuch as fell under ocher poffeffion ; that they might make ſtatutes
the diſpleaſure of the popiſh miniſtry ; amongſt and ordinances for the wholeſome government
whom we read of one Thomas Green, fervant to and correction of the college, and of all perſons
John Wayland, a printer, who was confined and practiſing phyſic within ſeven miles of the city :
cruelly whipped in this dungeon, for being con and, within that compaſs, none to practiſe, as
cerned in printing a book called Antichriſt. well as in the city, unleſs firſt allowed by the pre-
At the weſt extremnity of Newgate-ſtreet ſtands fident and fellowſhip, upon pain of forfeiting five
Newgate ; the origin and defcription of which pounds for every month; that four be choſen
the reader will find in page 13; &c.
yearly by the preſident and college, who ſhall
On the ſouth ſide of Newgate ſtreet is War have the ſuperviſing, ſearch, examination, and
wick-lane, on the weſt ſide of which, near to the government of all the phyſicians of the city and
north end, is ſituate
fuburbs within ſeven miles; with an exemption
that no phyſician ſhall be liable to ſerve
any
offices
The COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.+ in wards or pariſhes, or be put upon juries, in-
queſts, &c.
This is a very noble edifice built with brick and By a ſtatute made in the thirty ſecond of Henry
ſtone. The entrance, which is grand, is under VIII. the phyſicians of this college were exempt
an octangular theatre, finiſhing in a dome, with from keeping watch and ward, and from ſerving
a cone on the top, making a lantern to it. The other offices within the city and ſuburbs ; and
inſide is elegant, finely enlightened and very ca they were empowered to chuſe four phyſicians
pacious; deſigned by Sir Chriſtopher Wren. The yearly to ſearch the apothecaries wares, drugs, and
central building, which contains the library and
ſtuffs. This charter was confirmed by queen
other rooms of ſtate and convenience, was the
Mary I.
deſign of Inigo Jones. The aſcent to the door is Queen Elizabeth gave them another charter to
by a flight of ſteps, and in the under part is a
take four human bodies, executed at Tyburn, to
baſement ſtory. The whole front is decorated anatomize. king James I. and king Charles II.
with pilafters of the Ionic and Corinthian orders; each of them granted them a charter.
and on one ſide, over the door caſe, is the ſtatue By the power granted them by theſe and other
of king Charles II. placed in a niche, and in the their charters, they have called before them the
other ſide that of Sir John Cutler- The build preſident, or, in his abſence, the vice preſident,
ings at the two fides of the court are uniform, and che cenſors, the ſurgeons, apothecaries, and
and have the window caſes handſomely orna other perſons, that have practiſed phyſic without
mented. The orders are well executed, and the their allowance; and have ſometimes warned them
whole edifice both beautiful and commodious. co forbear, and ſometimes impofed pecuniary pe
Here is a hall in which the phyſicians fit to give nalties' or impriſonment upon them. For they
advice to the poor gratis ; a committee room; a may convene any phyſician or practiſer before
library, furniſhed with books by Sir Theodore them, and examine them concerning their ſkill in
Mayern and the marquis of Dorcheſter, who was the faculty of phyſic; and if they ſhall not ap-
one of the fellows; a great hall for the quarterly pear to their ſummons, or appearing refuſe to an-
meetings of the doctors, adorned with pictures iwer, or to be examined, the college may aſſeſs a
and ſculpture; a theatre for anatomatical diffec penalty or fine upon them for every default of ap-
tion; a preparing room, where there are thirteen pearance, or refuſal to anſwer; the fine, for one
tables, containing all the muſcles in the human default, not exceeding forty ſhillings, or, if any
body; and over all, garrets to dry the herbs for adminiſter unwholeſome and noiſome medicines,
the uſe of the diſpenſatory.
he may be fined according to their direction, not
The phyſicians were incorporated in the tenth exceeding ten pounds, or impriſonment, not ex-
of Henry VIII, who, the
to cer of fine, when it ſhall be lawful to detain them in
tain phyſicians in one body, and perpetual com priſon till it be diſcharged.
monalcy or fellowſhip of the faculty of phyſic; On a complaint made, about the latter end of
and to have a perpetual fucceffion, and a common queen Elizabeth's reign, by Jenkins and Read,
feal; and to chooſe yearly a preſident, to overſee, againſt the college, which had uſed fome puniſh-
rule ar.d govern che faid fellowſhip in all even of ment towards them for evil practice of phyſic,
years, required a more coinmodious convent. For which
purpoſe John Ewen purchaſed a vacant piece of ground near
St. Nicholas fhambles, and, with proper affiftants, built a
houſe thereon for the ſaid friars; and, having appropriated
the ſame to the commonalty of London, he himſelf became
a lay brother in the faid houſe ; which in proceſs of time
was greatly augmented by the benevolence of queen Mar-
garet, ſecond wife to Edward I. and other benefactors
amongft whom we find Sir Richard Whittington, who
founded a library in the Grey-friars convent, 129 feet long
and thirty-one broad, and furniſhed it well with books.
+ The firſt college belonging to this fociety was ſituate in
Knight-rider-ſtreet, and given them by doctor Linaçre,
phyſician to Henry VIII. They afterwards removed to a
houſe which they purchaſed in Amen-corner, where doctor
Harvey, who found out the circulation of the blood in 1652,
built a library and a public hall, which he granted for ever
to the college, and endowed it with his eſtate, which he re-
figned to them in his lifetime. Part of which they aſſigned
for an annual oration in commemoration of their beneface
tors, and to provide a good dinner for the ſociety. This
building periſhed in the fames in the fire of London.
and
;

520
HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
and exerciſing that art without the licence, after “ ſkill and knowledge in the practice of phyſic,
a long and careful hearing on both parts, Pop 6 and hath refuſed or neglected to attend accord-
ham, lord-chief-juſtice, in the year 1602, gave ing to ſuch ſummons, or attending, hath re-
his judgment, the ſum of which was in theſe par. “ fuſed to ſubmit to be examined, according to
ticulars :
" the form and manner of examination preſcribed
by the ſtatutes of their college, or, having
1. That there was no ſufficient licence without “ been examined, hath been adjudged, by the pre-
the college feal.
• ſident and cenſors, not fufficiently learned and
2. That no ſurgeon, as a furgeon, might prac qualified to practiſe ; and that the preſident
tice phyſic, no, not for any diſeaſe, chough it was " and cenſors have, for any of the ſaid reaſons,
the great pox.
“ prohibited ſuch perſons to practiſe phyſic within
3. That the authority of the college was ſtrong, as the limits aforeſaid ; then, and in ſuch caſe,
and ſufficient to commit to priſon.
no fellow, candidate, or licentiate of this col.
4. That the cenſure of the college, riſing from lege, at any time after ſuch information ſo
lefſer mulets, to greater, was equal and reaſon given to the college by the preſident, ſhall in
able.
any wiſe meet in conſultations for the cure of
5. That it were fit to ſet to phyſicians bills the any diſeaſe, with any perſon ſo prohibited to
day of the month, and the patient's name. “ practiſe: and that if any fellow, candidate, or
6. That the lord-chief-juſtice could not bail or « licenciate of this college ſhall, after ſuch in-
deliver the college's priſoner, but was obliged by formation ſo given, in any wiſe meet in con-
law to deliver him up to the cenſure of the col ſultation, for the cure of any diſeaſe, with any
lege.
perſon ſo prohibited, every fuch fellow, can-
7. That a freeman of London might lawfully didate, and licentiate, being convicted thereof
be in priſoned by the college.
“ before che preſident and cenſors of this college
8. That no man, though ever ſo learned a phy “ for the time being, ſhall, for ſuch his meeting,
ſician or doctor, might practice in London, or « forfeit and pay to the treaſurer of this college
within ſeven miles, without the licence of che " for the time being, for the uſe of the college,
college.
" the ſum of five pounds of lawful money of
66 Great Britain for the firſt offence; and if ſuch
October 12, 1747, Mr. Mead read the draught 66 fellow, candidate, or licentiace, Ahall, after ſuch
of a new ſtatute, forbidding any member of che “ conviction, offend again in the like manner,
college to meet or conſult, in any caſe of phyſic, co and be thereof convicted in the manner afore-
with perſons prohibited from practice. Which " ſaid, he ſhall forfeit and pay to the ſaid trea-
ftature was ordered to be engrofſed, in order to ſurer, for the uſe of the college, the ſum of
be read at the next college meeting. And - ten pounds of ſuch lawful money as aforeſaid;
On the fourth of April 1748, the following and if ſuch fellow, candidate, or licentiate,
ſtatute, prohibiting any fellow, candidate, or li “ ſhall refuſe or neglect to pay either of the ſaid
centiate, to confult, in any caſe of phyſic, with « ſums or forfeitures, within the ſpace of three
perſons prohibited by the college from the prac “ calendar months next after notice in writing of
tice thereof, was read the fecond time, and ap “ ſuch his reſpective conviction, given to or left
proved by the majority of the college.
“ for him at his then dwelling-houſe, or moſt
“ uſual place of abode, by the beadle of this
A ſtatute againſt conſulting with any perſon pro college for the time being; or if ſuch fellow,
hibited to practiſe phyſic.
" candidate, or licentiate, ſhall, after ſuch ſecond
« conviction, offend a third time in like manner,
" That we may, as much as in us lies, anſwer 46 and be thereof convicted in the manner afore-
" the good ends and laudable purpoſes of our so faid; then, and in either of the laſt mentioned
inſtitution, and the privileges and powers " caſes, he ſhall be expelled this college, and
granted to us by the royal charter, and con 6 ſhall not be reſtored to be a fellow, candidate,
55 firmed by ſeveral acts of parliament, for pre “ or licentiate of this college until he ſhall have
a venting the great miſchiefs which often hap paid to the treaſurer of this college for the time
pen to the health of his majeſty's ſubjects, and being, for the uſe of the college, all ſuch ſum
" the diſhonour ariſing to the profeſſion of phy • or ſums of money, as ſuch fellow, candidate,
“ fic by enspiricks and unſkilful perſons, who “ or licentiate ſhall have forfeited by virtue of
“ take upon them to practiſe phyſic in the eity
66 this ſtacute.
“ of London, or the ſuburbs thereof or ſeven " We do further ordain and order, that every
6 miles circuit of the ſame, and refuſe or are not “ fellow, candidate, or licentiate of this college,
qualified to undergo an examination by the “ who ſhall in any wiſe meet in conſultation, for
preſident and cenſors of this college, touching “ the cure of any diſeaſe, with any perſon, who
“ their ſkill and knowledge in medicines, and by virtue of this ſtatute ſhall be expelled the
“ the practice of phyſic:
“ college, ſhall incur and be ſubject to the fame
We do ordain and order, that if the preſident " or the like reſpective forfeitures and penalties
" ſhall at any time inform the college, at any as are above-mentioned.
“ of their folemn or greater meetings, ordinary And, for the bercer putting this ſtatute in
or extraordinary, chat any perſon practiſing “ execution, we do ordain and order, that, when,
es phyſic, within the limits aforeſaid, hath been " and as often as any perſon or perſons ſhall, by
“ duly ſummoned to attend the preſident and “ virtue of this ſtatute, be expelled this college,
5 cenſors, to be examined by them touching his “ notice thereof in writing, ſpecifying the name
2
56
or

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
521
tec
or names of ſuch perſon or perſons, figned by
About the middle of this church-yard for-
" the beadle of this college for the time being, merly ſtood the pulpit croſs, $ where fermons
“ ſhall be given to, or left for every fellow, can were preached every Sunday forenoon to the po-
“ didate or licentiate, at his dwelling-houſe, or pulace, and many public notices were uſually
a uſual place of abode."
iſſued out from the Lord-mayor and from the
Ordered that the college ſeal be put to the king. This croſs was made of timber covered
faid ſtatute next Comitia majora.
wich lead, mounted upon ſteps of ſtone; and
was ſupported by as many donations as amounted
The officers of this college are, a preſident, to 18141. 6s. 8d. and the preachers were appoint-
eight electors, four cenſors, a regiſter, and a ed by the biſhop of London, and had 455. for
treaſurer, annually choſen the firſt week in Octo each ſermon, and four days diet and lodging at
ber.
ſuch houſe as the ſaid biſhop ſhould appoint, and
Near the north eaſt corner of Warwick-lane was on that account called the Shunamite, and
formerly ſtood the pariſh church of St. Ewen, allowed 155. per week. The preachers are now
whoſe pariſh was diffolved to make way for the appointed to preach in the church, and are al-
eſtabliſhment of Chriſt-church.
lowed 35s. by the city, and 55. only by the
Farther to the eaſt is a paſſage which leads into church.
The government of St. Paul's cathedral is in
NE W G A TE MARKE Ti* a biſhop, a dean, a precentor, chancellor, trea-
furer, five archdeacons, thirty prebendaries, twelve
This is a handſome, commodious ſquare piece petty canons, or minor canons, ſix vicars coral,
of ground, meaſuring 194 feet from eaſt to weſt, and ſeveral other inferior officers. All the pre-
and 148 feet from north to ſouth. In the middle bends, or canonries are in the collation of the
is a market-houſe, under which are vaults or cel. biſhop of the dioceſe ; and out of theſe thirty
lars, and the upper part of the building is em canons, there are three reſidentiaries, beſides the
ployed as a kind of warehouſe for the fruiterers, dean ; ſo called from their continual reſidence in
and the keepers of green-ſtalls by night. In the the church, to tranſact the buſineſs of the church
ſhops under this building tripe and other things in the chapter, and daily to take care of the con-
are fold, and in the middle, near the marker cerns of the church.
houſe, are ſold fruit and greens. At a convenient On the north ſide of St. Paul's church-yard &
diſtance are ſhops for butchers, the ſellers of but ſtands
ter, &c. and the houſes beyond theſe, which ex-
G
iend along the ſides of the market, are allo taken The CHAPTER HOU S E.
up by butchers. The paſſages to the market
from Pater-nofter-Row and Newgate ſtreet, are This is a handſome building, belonging to St.
occupied by poulterers, fiſhmongers, cheeſemong Paul's, in which the convocation of the province
ers, and dealers in bacon.
of Canterbury fat to conſult about ecclefiaftical
Farther to the eaſt from this market we paſs affairs, and to form canons for the government
Ivy-lane, and come to Pannier-alley, the north of the church: but though the upper
and
end of which almoſt faces St. Martin's-le-Grand. lower houſe are called by the king's writ at
In this alley is a ſtone pedeſtal, ſupporting a pan every feffion of parliament, they are now con,
nier, with a figure of a boy upon it, and this ftantly prorogued, and diſmiſſed by his majeſty's
inſcription:
authority.
On the eaſt ſide of St. Paul's church-yard is
When you have fought the city round, ſituate
Yet ſtill this is the higheſt ground.
ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL,
Returning a little to the weſt, on the ſouth
fide of Pater nofter-Row, is Canon-alley, (com This was founded by Dr. John Colet, dean of
monly called King's-head alley) which leads into St. Paul's, in the year 1507, for 153 children to
St. Paul's church-yard, in the center of which is be taught free by three maſters: the particulars
ficuate the cathedral church of St. Paul.+
and origin of which will beſt appear from the fol-
Before the fire of London this market was kept in New-
gate-ftreet, where there was a market-houſe for meal, and a
middle row of theds, which were afterwards converted into
houſes, inhabited by butchers, tripeſellers, &c. while the
country people, who brought proviſions to the city, were
forced to ſtand with their falls in the open ſtreet, where
their perſons and goods were expoſed to danger by the paſ-
{age of coaches, carts, and cattle that paſſed through the
ftreets. At that time Butcherhall-lane was filled with ſlaugh
ter-houſes for the uſe of this market; and Blow bladder-
ſtreet was rendered remarkable by blown bladders hanging
in the windows of the ſhops where bladders were fold.
† The reader will find a particular deſcription of this
building in page 275, &c.
I Facing this croſs ſtood the charnel, in which the bones
of the dead were decently piled together, a thouſand loads
whereof were reinoved to Finſbury fields, in the reign of
44
Edward V1, and there laid in a mooriſh place, with ſo much
earth to cover them as raiſed the ground for three windmills
to ſtand upon. The charnel itſelf, together with a chapel
called Sheryngton's chapel, the library which belonged to
the old Chapter-houſe, and other chapels adjoining, wele
at the ſame time pulled down, and their materials, by order
of Edward duke of Somerſet, converted to the building of
Somerſet houſe in the Strand.
$ At the eaſt end of this church-yard formerly ſtood the
clochier, or bel.-tower, in which were four great bells called
Jeſus Bells, becauſe they actual y belonged to Jeſus chapel
in St. Faith's church ; but theſe, together with the fine
image of St. Paul on the top of the ſpire, being won by
Sir Miles Partridge, knt. of king Henry VIII, at one caſt
of the dice, were, by that gentleman, taken down and
fold.
6 Q
lowing

522
HÍŚ TORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
lowing piece, wrote by the founder himſelf, and pence for writing their name: which money the
delivered to Mr. Lilly, on the 18th of June, in poor ſcholar that ſwept the ſchool was to have.
the year 1518.
Thrice a day, viz. morning, noon, and evening,
proſtrate to ſay the prayers contained in a table in
" John Colet, ſon of Henry Colet, dean of the ſchool. No tallow candles, but only wax to
St. Paul's, deliring nothing more than education, be uſed, no meat, drink, or bottles, to be brought;
and bringing up children in good manners and li nor no breakfafts nor drinkings in the time of
terature, in the year of our Lord 1512, built a learning. That the ſcholars uſe no cock-fighting,
ſchool (not fully finiſhed till that year] at the eaſt nor riding about of victory, nor diſputing at St.
end of St. Paul's church, for 153 boys, to be
Bartholomew's; whịch are but fooliſh babbling,
taught free in the fame.
and loſs of time. That they have no remedies
" And ordained there a maſter, a ſur-maſter, || [i. e. that is play-days begged] except the king,
and a chaplain, with ſufficient and perpetual ſti an archbiſhop, or a biſhop, preſent in his own
pends ever to endure; and let patrons, defenders, | perſon, deſired it. The children every Childer-
governors and rulers of the ſame ſchool, the moſt mas-day to go to Paul's church, and hear the
honeſt and faithful fellowſhip of the Mercers of child biſhop fermon, and after to be at the high
London.
maſs, and each offer a penny to the child biſhop;
si ". And, for becauſe nothing can continue long
and with them the maſters and ſurveyors of the
and endure in good order without laws and fta ſchool. In general proceſſions, when warned,
tutes, I, the ſaid John Coler, have expreffed my they ſhall go cwo and two together ſoberly; and
mind, what I would ſhould be duly and diligent not fing out, but ſay devoutly ſeven prams with
ly obſerved and kept of the ſaid maiter, ſur-mal the litany. That if any child admitted here, go
ter and chaplain, and of the Mercers, governors to any other ſchool to learn there, ſuch child for
of the ſchool : that in this book may appear to no man's fuit be again received into the ſchool.
what intent I founded this ſchool.”
“ To be taught always in good literature both
Then follow his ordinances :" That he found Latin and Greek, and good authors, ſuch as have
ed che ſchool in the honour of Chriſt Jeſu in the very Roman eloquence joined with wiſdom ;
pueritia, and of his bleſſed mother Mary. That eſpecially chriſtian authors, that wrote their wife
the high maſter ſhould be choſen by the wardens dom with clean and chaſte Latin, either in verſe
and affiſtants of the Mercers. That he be a man or profe. But, above all, the catechiſm in Engliſh;
whole in body, honeft, virtuous, and learned in after that the accidence. Then Inſtitutum Chrif-
clean Latin literature, as alſo in Greck, if ſuch tiani hominis, which Eraſınus made at niy [i. e,
might be gorren ; a wedded man, a fingle man, Colet's] requeſt; the Copia Verborum of the fame
or a prieſt that hath no benefice with cure or fer author, Then other chriſtian authors; as Lac-
vice. His wages to be a mark a week, and a li tantius, Prudentius, and Proba; Sedulius, Juven-
very gown of four nobles delivered in cloth. His
cus, and Baptiſta Mantuanus ; and ſuch other as
lodgings to be free ; and to have the tenement of ſhall be thought convenient for the true Lati
Stebbonhith to reſort unto. That the fur:maſter ſpeech.
be verſed in learning, and well lettered, to teach “ The honourable company of Mercers of
under the maſter ; either ſingle man, wedded, or London to have all the charge, and care, and
prieſt that hath no benefice with cure or ſervice: rule of the ſchool. They to chuſe every year
to be whole in body. The high maſter to chuſe of their company, two honeſt, fubſtantial men to
him, as the room ſhall be void : and to be con be the ſurveyors of the ſchool, who, in the name
firmed by the ſurveyors of the ſchool. Lodgings of the whole fellowſhip, ſhould take all the care
to be aſſigned him in the Old Change. His and buſineſs of the ſchool for that year. They to
wages to be 6s. Ed. per werk, and a livery gown come into the ſchool fix days before Chriſtmas,
of four nobles delivered in cloth. That there and ſo many days before eaſter, St. John Baptiſt,
fhall be in the ſchool a prieſt daily, as he could, and Michaelmas; and pay the maſters and chap-
to fing maſs in the chapel of the ſchool, and to lains their quarterly wages; and at the latter end
pray for the children to proſper in good life and of the year their liveries in cloth. And once in
in good letters. That he was to be ſome honeſt, the year to give up their accounts to the maſter,
good, and yirtuous man; to be choſen by the wardens, and aſiſtants; and that to be about
wardens and aftiſtants of the Mercery. To learn Candlemas, three days before, or three days after.
himſelf, or, if learned, to help to teach the Then a little dinner to be made ; and to call to
ſchool, if it ſeemed convenient to the high mai account the receiving of all the eſtate of the
To have no benéfice with cure of ſouls, ſchool: and the maſter warden to receive a na-
nor no other office or occupation. To teach the ble, the two other wardens five ſhillings ; the fura
children the catechiſm, and inſtruction of the ar veyors two fhilliogs ; and for their riding to viſit
ticles of faith and the ten commandments in Eng. the lands eleven ſhillings, the, clerk of the Mer-
liſh. His wages to be 81. by the year, and a livery cery three ſhillings and four-pence with ſome
gown of 26s. 8d. delivered in cloth. His cham other gifts. That which was ſpared that day in
ber and lodging to be in the new houſe in the rewards and charges to be put into the treafury
Old Change, or the maſter's lodging.
of the ſchool. What remained to be given to
“ Children of all nations and countries indiffer the fellowſhip of the Mercery, to the maintaining
ently to be taughr, to the number of 153. The and repairing all belonging to the ſchool from
maſter to admit theſe children as they be offered ; time to time. The ſurpluſage, above repairs and
but firſt to ſee that they can ſay the catechiſm, and caſualties, to be put into a coffer of iron, given
alſo read and write competently; and to pay four || by Colet, ſtanding in their hall. And there, from
year
ter.

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London) s
பரம்
பயாமாமா
View of STANDREW's Church Holborn).
TETETETTE TEE SETETULLA
Macao-
Vion of ST SEPULCHRE'S CHURCH Snow hill.

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON :
year to year, to remain apart by itſelf, that it youth are to be initiated into the grounds and
mighe appear how the ſchool of itself maintained principles of chriſtian knowledge, as a good and
itſelf. And at length, over and above the whole proper introduction into other human learning.
livelihood, if the ſaid ſchool grow to any further We now leave St. Paul's church-yard and enter
charge to the Mercery, that then alſo it might ap Ludgate-ſtreet, on the north ſide of which is
pear, to the laud, and praiſe, and mercy of the Ave-mary-lane. This lane is well built, and
frid fellowhip.
principally inhabited by bookſellers, printers,
“ Laſtly, that he left it to the ſaid company and other tradeſmen. On the weſt ſide is an open
to add and diminish to and from this his book, ſquare court, with good houſes, called ſtationer's
and to fupply it in every default, and alſo to rents : out of which is a paſſage into Amen-cor-
declare in it, as time, place, and juſt occaſion ner, and another that leads to
ſhould require."
STATION ER S H A L L.*
The original building was conſumed by the fire 2 AT
of London in 1666, ſoon after which the preſent This is a ſpacious brick building; and though
edifice aroſe in its place; with the addition of a it hath not many ornaments, yet it is well de-
library, and an houſe on the ſouth end thereof | ſigned and fitted for buſineſs. There is an af-
for the ſecond maſter; whoſe dwelling before, cent to it by a fight of ſteps, and the light is
and from the firſt founding of the ſchool, was in thrown in by two ſeries of windows ; the lower
the Old Change. This houſe hath a very hand large and upright, and the upper of an elliptical
ſome front, anſwerable to the high maſter's át form. Underneath it, and at the north end, are
the north end of the ſchool; on which is en warehouſes for the company's ſtock.
graven, Ædes PRÆCEPTORIS GRAMMATICES. This fraternity (which includes printers, book-
St. Paul's ſchool is a very fingular and at the ſellers, ftationers, or dealers in paper, &c. and
fame cime a very handſome edifice. The central book-binders) was incorporated by Philip and
building, in which is the ſchool, is of ſtone ; it Mary in the year 1556. By which their majeſties
is much lower than the ends, and has only one did give and grant to ninety-ſeven printers, book-
ſeries of windows, which are large, and raiſed a ſellers, ftationers, &c. freemen of the myſtery or
conſiderable height from the ground. The cen art of a ſtationer of the city of London, and ſu-
ter is adorned with ruſtic, and on the top is a burbs thereof, that they may be one body of it-
handſome pediment, in which are the founder's
ſelf for ever, with one maſter, and two keepers
arms placed in a fhield; upon the apex Itands a or wardens, by the name of “ The maſter, and
figure repreſenting Learning. Under this pedi- || keepers or wardens, and commonalty, of the
ment are two windows which are ſquare, and on myſtery or art of a ftationer of the city of
each ſide are two circular windows crowned with “ London.” And that the fame maſter, and
buſts, and the ſpaces between them are hand keepers or wardens, and commonalty, and their
fomelý ornamented by work in relievo. Upon a fucceffors, may from time to time make and or-
level with the foot of the pediment runs on either dain, and eſtabliſh for the good and well ordering
fide a handſome baluſtrade, on which is placed on and governing of the freemen of the aforeſaid arc
each ſide a large buſt with a radiant crown, be or myſtery, and of the aforeſaid ſociety, ordi-
tween two flaming vafes.
nances, proviſions, and laws, as often as they
The ſchool-houfe is large and ſpacious. It Thall ſee proper and convenient; provided that
confiftech of eight claſſes, or forms; in the firſt theſe ordinances, proviſions and laws, be in no
whereof children learn their rudiments ; and wiſe repugnant or contrary to the laws and ſta-
from thence, according to their proficiency, are tutes of this our kingdom of England, or in pre-
advanced unto the other forms, till they riſe to judice to the common-weal of our faid king-
the eighth. Whence, being commonly made
dom.
perfect grammarians, good orators and poets, well And that the ſame, and their ſucceſſors for
inſtructed in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and ever, are enabled, and may lawfully and faith-
ſometimes in other oriental languages, they re fully, without moleftation or diſturbance of us,
move to the univerſities ; and many of them en or the heirs or fucceffors of our foreſaid queen,
joy exhibitions, ſome of ten pounds a year for or of any other perſon, hold, as often as they
ſeven years, if they continue ſo long, towards pleaſe, lawful and honeſt meetings of themſelves,
their maintainance there. The fchool is go for the enacting ſuch laws and ordinances, and
verned and taught by two maſters, viz. an tranfaéting other buſineſs for the benefit of the
high maſter, and a fur-maſter, and a chaplain, ſame myſtery or art, and of the ſame fociety,
whoſe cuſtomary office was to read the Latin and for other lawful cauſes in the manner afore-
prayers in the ſchool, framed for the peculiar uſe faid. SIO2031 :: bos bain dan
thereof, and to inſtruct the children of the two
And that the foreſaid maſter, and keepers or
firſt forms in the elements of the Latin tongue, wardens, and the commonalty of the ſaid myſtery
and alſo in the catechiſm and chriſtian manners ; or art of a ſtationer of the forefaid city, and their
for which there is a room, called the Veſtibulum, fucceffors, or the greater part of them, being af-
being the anti-room to the ſchool, where the ſembled lawfully and in a convenient place, may
a
* This hall was a great houſe, built of ſtone and timber,
of old time, pertaining to John Duke of Britain, earl of
Richmond, as appeareth by the records of Edward II. Since
that, it was Pembroke’s-inn, near unto Ludgate, as be-
: basbiris
longing to the earls of Pembroke, in the time of Richard II.
the eighteenth year, and of Henry VI. in the fourteenth
year.
It was afterwards called Burgavenny-houſe, and belonged to
Henry late lord of Burgavenny.
yearly

524
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
0
12
yearly for ever, or oftener or ſeldomer, at ſuch companies, or touching or concerning any of
times and places within the ſaid city, as they ſhall their liberties, privileges or franchiſes, made or
think fit, chule from amongſt themſelves, and granted by the laid king James, or by the faid
make one maſter and two keepers or wardens of king Charles II. ſince the giving of the ſaid judg-
the ſame myſtery or art of a ſtationer of the fore ment, ſhall be void, and are hereby declared null
fud city, to rule, govern, and ſuperviſe the fore and void, to all intents and purpoſes whatſoever.
fuid myſtery and ſociety, and all the men of the 2 W. and M. fefl. 1. cap. 8. . 14.
fame, myſtery and their buſineſs; and to remove
and diſplace the foriner maſter and the former This, however, was made a livery company
keepers or wardens out of thoſe offices as they foon after its incorporation : a copy of which
ſhall ſee belt.
grant or conftitution is here ſubjoined.
It then ordained, that no perſon within the king-
dom of England, or dominions thereof, either Atrue copy of thegrant or confiitution which made the
by himſelf or by his journeymen, ſervants, or by Stationers a livery company of the city of London.
any other perfon, fhall practice or exerciſe the
art or myſtery of printing or ſtamping any book,
HENSELL, MÁYOR.
or any thing to be fuld or to be bargained for | Jovis 1 ° die Februarii, anno fecundo domine Eliza
within this our kingdom of England, or the do-
regine, &c.
minions thereof, unleſs the ſame perſon is or ſhall
be one of the ſociety of the foreſaid myſtery or Item. It was this day ordered and agreed, at
art of a ſtacioner of the city aforefaid at the tia:e the earneſt ſuit and prayer of John Cawood, and
of his foreſaid printing or ſta nping; or has for divers other ſaid perſons, being freemen of this city
that purpoſe obtained our licence or the licence of in the fellowſhip of the Stationers, that the ſame
the heirs and ſucceffors of our foreſaid queen. fellowſhip from henceforth ſhall be permitted
With power for the maſter and wardens to and ſuffered to have, uſe and wear, a livery and
ſearch, as often as they pleaſe, any place or ſhop, | livery-hood, in ſuch dtcent and comly-wiſe and
houſe, chamber, or building of any ftamper, order as the other companies and fellowſhips of
printer, binder or feller of any manner of books this citie, after their degrees, do commonly ufe
within the kingdom of England or dominions and wear; and that they the ſaid Stationers ſhall
thereof, concerning or for any books or things || cauſe all fuch, and as many of their ſaid fellow-
printed, ftamped, or to be printed or ftamped,fhip as conveniently may be able, to prepare and
and to ſeize, cake away, have, burn or convert make ready the ſame liveries with ſpeed, ſo that
to the proper uſe of the faid vfociety all and they may heheeforth attend and wait upon the
fingular thoſe books and thoſe things, which Lord-mayor of this citie at all common ſhews
are or ſhall be printed or ſtamped contrary to the hereafter to be made by the cityzens of this cy-
form of any Itatute, act or proclamation, made
act or proclamation, made | tie, in ſuch and lyke manner and fortë as the
on to be made. Ard to impriſon ſuch as ſhall other cityzens of the fayd cytie, for the honour of
diſturb, refuſe or hinder them. i det fins asb the ſame cytie, of long ty me paſt have done and
* In which charter there is no mention of a court yet dayley do, as occafion ſhall require.is
of aſiſtants, which was firſt conſtituted by that od pwote des Bustod JACKSON.
charter of the 36 Charles II. contrived to pave
the way to arbitrary power, the court find On the twenty-ninth of October 1603, king
ing it more eaſy to bias the few in a court of al James I. did, by his letters patent, grant unto
fiftants, than the many which compoſe the whole the company of Stationers the privilege of the
commonalty. But the additions made by that fole printing of almanacks, primers, pfalters, and
charter of 36 Charles (I. to the charter of Philip pſalms, in metre or proſe, with muſical notes, or
and Mary, were afterwards repealed and declared without notes. And by his letters patent, dated
null and void ; and this, and all other companies, the eighth of March 1615, his faid inajeſty con-
were reſtored to iheir original rights by an act of firmed the ſaid grant for the ſole printing of
parliament in 2 William and Mary ; of which primers, pfalters, pſalms, and almanacks in the
the foilowing is an abſtract :
Engliſh tongue; and did further grant to the
And be it enacted (by an act for reverſing the company of Stationers the fole right to print the
judgment in a quo warranty againſt the city of A. B. C. the little catechiſon, and the catechiſm
London, and for reſtoring the city of London to in Englih and Latin by Alexander Nowell; for
its anciene rights and privileges) by the authority the help and relief of the maſter, keeper or war-
aforeſaid, that all and every of the ſeveral com dens, and commonalty or freemen of the myſtery
panies and corporations of the ſaid city, ſhall or art of Stationers of the city of London, and
from henceforth ſtand and be incorporated by their ſucceffors, 10), born
11:23
ſuch name and names, and in ſuch ſort and usan The company of Stationers is at this time go-
ner, as they reſpectively were ac che cime of the verned by a maſter, two wardens, and a court of
faid judgment given, and every of them are here affiſtants ; not choſen by the commonalty, but
by reſtored, to all and every the lands, tenements, by and amongſt themſelves. Si dubita
hereditaments, rights, titles, eſtates, liberties, | With reſpect to the produce of the fole print-
powers, privileges, precedencies and immunities, ing of almanacks, &c. it is made a joine itock,
which they lawfully had and enjoyed at the time with a capital of about 15000l. which is divided
of giving the ſaid judgment; and that as
well
into twenty whole ſhares of 3201. each, poffeffed
all ſurrenders, as charters, letters parents and by thoſe who are of the court of affiftants; for
grants, for new incorporating any of the ſaid which depoſic they each receive 4ol. per annum
dividend :

HISTORY and SUR Er of Í ÖND ON.
$25
15.00
annum.
dividend : then into forty half ſhares, at 160). Here are four gift ſermons in the year, and
each; for which depoſit they each receive 201. daily prayers at eleven in the morning and fix in
per annnm dividend: then into eighty quarter the evening. The veftry, in chuſing pariſh-offi-
Mares, at 8ol. each ; for which depoſit they each cers is general, but in making rates it is ſelect ;
receive iol. per annum dividend : and then into the officers are, two churchwardens and four ſider
160 half quarter ſhares at 40l. each ; for which men.
depoſit they receive 5l. per annum dividend ; Adjoining to the ſouth-weſt corner of this
out of the profits ariſing from the printing ſtock church formerly ſtood Ludgate; the origin and
engrafted upon the ſaid grants by king James I. deſcription of which the reader will find in page
for the help and relief of the maſter, wardens,
D3151
and commonalty ; but theſe ſhares are all divid Directly oppoſite the church of St. Martin is a
ed amongſt thoſe who have fined for; or ſerved gateway that leads into the precinct of Black-
the office of maſter-warden.
friars, ſo named from the religious foundation of
When a married ſtockholder dies, the profits Friars-preachers, or Black-friars ; in whoſe con-
ariſing from his ſhare devolve to his widow; vent was held that which was called the Black
which ſhe enjoys during her widowhood, or life : Parliament. And in this houſe king Edward 1.
but if ſhe marry again, or die, another perſon is had his charters and records kept: at which time
choſen to enjoy the profits of her ſhare; who, at this precinct was crowded with the habitations of
his election, pays the depoſit money, not to the noblemen and gentlemen. In ancient cimes, dur-
company, but to the late widow, her huſband's || ing the exiſtence of the priory of Black-friars,
or her executors. The maſter and wardens are this was maintained as a liberty without the juriſ-
always in the direction of the ſtock, to whom diction of the city of London. But; as ſoon as
are joined fix other members from the court of the priory was diffolved, and the records of that
aſſiſtants annually ; who adjuſt all accounts relat religious place loſt or embezzled, the mayor pre-
ing to it, and at Chriſtmas report the ſtate chere tended a title to their liberties: but king Henry
of to the board. There is a lock-keeper, which VIII. being informed thereof, ſent to him to deſiſt
is a place of very conſiderable profit and great from meddling with the liberties, ſaying, “ He
truſt.
was as well able to keep the liberties as he
The Stationers have ſeveral very extenſive “ friars were.” Wherefore the mayor no further
eſtates in truſt, out of which they pay, in pen meddled, and Sir John Portynaire had the keys
fions and other charities, upwards of 4ool. per of the gates delivered to him, and a fee for keep-
.
ing the fame.
At the upper end of Amen-corner was origi. At this time there were four gates and a' wall
nally ſituated the College of Phyſicians, deſtroyed to encloſe this liberty, and a porter to keep the
by the fire of London in 1666; on the ſite of ſaid gates ; within which artificers and tradeſmen,
which ſtand three good houſes, now the habita though not free of the city, might exerciſe their
tions of the reſidenciaries of St. Paul's.
arts and buſineſs without controul.
Between Stationer's-alley and the new buildings In queen Mary's reign the city applied to par-
at the north-eaſt corner of the Old Bailey, is ſitu liament to grant them juriſdiction over Black-
ate the pariſh church of
friars precinct, but in vain. Nevertheleſs the
ample privileges which the inhabitants of Black-
St. MARTIN, LUDGATE.
friars did enjoy, have been for many years loft ;
ſo that now the ſheriffs officers can arreſt there;
This is a rectory of very great antiquity, and the ſhopkeepers are obliged to be free of the city' ;
is ſaid to have been founded by Cadwallo, the va and two common-council-men are annually elect-
liant king of the Britons, who reigned forty ed out of it, and added to the number that uſed
eight years, and died the twentieth of Novem to ſerve for this ward of Farringdon within.
ber, in the year 677, and was buried in this Proceeding farther to the ſouth, we come to a
church.
narrow ſtreet called Water-lane; on the weſt ſide
The patronage of this rectory was in the ab of which are ſeveral paſſages that lead to Fleec-
bot and convent of Weſtminſter, till the ſuppreſ ditch. In this diviſion is ſituate that laudable
fion of their monaſtery by Henry VIII. who erect foundation called
ing Weſtminſter into a biſhopric, conferred the
ſame upon the new biſhop. But that fee being
SCOTS H A L L.
diffolved by Edward VI. queen Mary, in the
year 1553, granted the advowſon thereof to the This corporation was inſtituted for the relief of
biſhop of London and his fucceffors, in whom ic the
poor and neceſſitous people of Scotland, that
ſtill continues.
refide within the cities of London and Weſtmin-
The old church was deſtroyed by the fire in fter. It owes its origin to James Kinnier, a Scotſ-
1666, and when rebuilt was enlarged with the fice man, and merchant of this city : who, on his
of the parſonage houſe; in conſideration of which recovery from a long and dangerous illneſs, re-
the parliament ſettled the value of the living at ſolved to give part of his eſtate towards the re-
16ol, in lieu of tythes ; 3ol. of which is in lieu lief of his indigent countrymen ; for which pur-
of the parſonage houſe.
poſe having prevailed with a fociety of Scotſmen,
The preſent edifice is tolerably well enlighten who compoſed a box club, to join cheir ſtock, he
ed; the ſteeple conſiſts of a plain tower and obtained a charter, by which he and his co-adju-
pretty lofty fpire, raiſed upon a fubftantial ar tors were, in the year 1665, conſtituted a body
cade.
politic and corporate, with ſeveral privileges,
6 R
which

$26
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
which king Charles II. confirmed the following buft of doctor Gideon Delaun, apothecary to
year by letters patent, wherein are recited the king James I. and with ſeveral pieces of good
privileges granted in the former charter, with painting; amongſt which is the portraiture of
the addition of ſeveral new ones, viz. That they king James I. and of the gentleman who pro-
might erect an hoſpital within the city or liber cured their charter, and had been obliged to leave
ties of London and Weſtminſter to be called, France for religion, after he had ſuffered ſeveral
“ the Scots hoſpital of king Charles II.” to be trials and perſecutions.
governed by eight Scotſmen, who were to chuſe Ir this building are two large laboratories ;
from among themſelves a maſter, who, together
one chemical and the other for galenical prepa.
with theſe governors were declared to be a body rations; where great quantities of the beſt me-
politic and corporate, and to have a common feal. dicines are prepared, after the drugs have been
They were alſo einpowered to elect thirty-three | expoſed a conſiderable time for the inſpection of
aſſiſtants, and to purchaſe in mortmain fool. per ſuch of the faculty of phyſic as chuſe to view
annum over and above an annual ſum mentioned them, for the uſe of apothecaries and others ;
in the firſt charter ; the profits ariſing from theſe and particularly for the ſurgeons of the royal
purchaſes to be employed in relieving poor old Davy, who here furniſh their cheſts, with all uſe-
Scotſmen and women, and inſtructing and em ful and neceſſary medicines.
ploying poor orphans, the deſcendants of Scotf This company was incorporated at firſt with
men within this city.
the grocers in the year 1606; but ſuch a con-
This huniane foundation had ike to have been nexion not anſwering the purpoſes of their incor-
cruſhed in its bud by two very dreadful events, poracion, they were ſeparated by another charter
the plague and the fire of Lodon, which hap- || granted by king James I. in the year 1617, and
pened in the very years when the charters were incorporated by the name of " The maſter, war-
granred. However, thoſe who had the direction " dens, and ſociety of the art and myſtery of
of the work hegan in the year 1670 to proſecute apothecaries of the city of London:” at which
it wich vigour; and found themſelves not only in
time there were no more than one hundred and
a condition to provide for their poor, but took a four apothecaries ſhops within the city and fu-
leaſe of a piece of ground in Black-friars, to build
burbs of London.
upon, for the term of a thouſand years, at a The members of this company, who by divers
ground rent of fol. and by charitable contribu acts of parliament are exempt from ward and pa-
tions were enabled to erect cheir hall, with two riſh offices, are governed by a maſter, two war-
houſes at Fleet-ditch, and four in Black-friars, dens, and a court of aſſiſtants. It is a livery com.
which were foon after finiſhed at the expence of pany, and the fifty eighth on the city lift.
44501.
Farther to the ſouth is printing-houſe-lane,
All matters belonging to this corporation are which leads up to, and takes its its name from,
managed by the governors without fee or reward; the King's printing-houſe; ſituate in a court at
for they not only, upon all ſuch occaſions, ſpend the eaſt end thereof; where, by patent from the
their own money, but contribute quarterly for the crown are to be printed the bible and common-
fupport of the ſociety, and the relief of the poor ; prayer books, acts of parliament, proclamations,
they provide for the fick; they grant penſions to king's ſpeeches, &c. It is a handſome brick build-
the reduced and aged; they bury the dead, and ing, and very commodiouſly adapted for the exe-
give money to ſuch as are diſpoſed to return to cution of buſineſs.
Scotland. The ſums diſburſed by the fociety Before we leave Black-friars, and this ward, we
amount to about 6ool. per annum.
muſt mention a memorable circumſtance that
The officers belonging to this corporation are, happened after che fire of London. Some work-
a treaſurer, a regiſter, two ſtewards and a beadle. men digging in a place there, where the convent
Black-friars ſchool was founded by Peter Joy, was, to clear it from the rubbiſh, by the appoint-
eſq; citizen of London, in the year 1716, who
ment of Mr. William Bradford, in order to
endowed the ſame with a perpetual fund of || building, they came to an old wall in a cellar, of
160l. 175. 3d. per annum, for the educating and great thickneſs, where appeared a kind of cup-
cloathing of poor children ; out of which the board ; which being opened, there was found in
mafter receives a ſalary of forty, and the miſtreſs it four pots or caſes of fine pewter, very thick,
of zol, yearly, for inſtructing forty boys and with covers of the ſame, and rings faſtened on
thirty girls in reading, writing and accounts. the top, to take up, or put down at pleaſure,
This ſchool Mr. Joy left in truſt with the gover-
The caſes were flat before and round behind.
nors of Sion college.
And in them were repoſiced four human heads,
On the eaſt ſide of Water-lane ſtands
unconſumed, reſerved, as it appeared by art;
with their teeth and hair, the Aeſh of a tawny co.
A P O T H E CARI E S H A L L.
lour, wrapped up in black filk, almoſt conſum.
This is a beautiful edifice, and has a pair of gates ed. And a certain ſubſtance, of a blackiſh colour,-
leading into an open court, handſomely paved | crumbled into duft, lying at the bottom of the pots.
with broad ſtones ; at the upper end of which you Who theſe were, there is no record as we hear
aſcend by a grand flight of ſtairs into the hall of; but they appear to have been ſome zealous
room, built with brick and ſtone, and adorned prieſts or friars, executed for creafori; whereof
with columns of the Tuſcan order. The ceiling there were many in the rebellion in Lincolnſhire in
of the court room and of the hall are elegantly the year 1538, or for denying the king's fupre-
ornamented with fretwork; and the wall is wain. macy; and here privately depoſited by theſe
ſcoited fourteen feec high, and adorned with the Black friars.
СНАР,

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
527
CH A P T E R XVII.
Of FAR RINGDON W ARD Without:
T
HE ward of Farringdon without is the Next to Shoe-lane in Holbourn, on the ſame
fartheſt in the weſt of this city, and ſide is Bartlet's buildings, a kind of ſquare, well
was originally a part of the ward of built and inhabited; and Paul's-head-alley, which
Farringdon within, till divided by act of parlia- || leads into Fetter-lane; this lane ſtretcheth fouth
liament, 17 Richard II. from which time this into Fleet-ſtreet, near the eaſt end of St. Dunſtan's
part has been diſtinguiſhed by the addition of church. Beyond which weſtward is Chancery-
without, i. e. without the city walls.
lane; and further on near the bar, is Shire-lane,
It is bounded on the eaſt by the ward of Far ſo called becauſe this lane divides the city liber-
ringdon within, the precinct of the late priory ties on this ſide from the ſhire or county. From
of St. Bartholomew near Smithfield, and the whence to the bars are the bounds without New-
ward of Alderſgate; on the north by the Charter gate, including the north ſide of Fleet-ſtreet.
houſe, the pariſh of St. John's Clerkenwell, and This ward runs up from the ſite of Ludgate to
part of St. Andrew's pariſh without the freedom; | Temple-bar, and hath on the north ſide the fouch
on the weſt by High-holbourn, and St. Clement's end of the Old Bailey. Then it proceeds down
pariſh in the Strand; and on the ſouth by the Ludgate-hill to Fleet ſtreet, and from thence to
river Thames.
Temple-bar, leaving the market on the north.
The extent of this ward may be gathered from From Ludgate again, on the ſouth, we have
the bounds without Newgate, and the ſpot where Bride-lane, which runs ſouth by Bridewell; Dor-
Ludgate ſtood: for on the eaſt part thereof is the ſec-ſtreet; Saliſbury-court; and Water-lane, which
whole precinct of the late priory of St. Bartho runs down to the Thames'; then White-friars and
lomew, and a part of Long-lane, on the north, the Temple. So that Temple bar is the extent
towards Alderſgate-ftreet ; and all Smithfield, to of this ward.
the bars in St. John's-ſtreet. Then out of Smith It is governed by an alderman, fixteen com-
field, Chicken-lane, towards Turnmill-ftreet. Back mon-council-men (two of whom are the alder-
again by the pens in Smithfield to Cow-lane, man's deputies) twenty three conſtables, forty-
which turns towards Holbourn; and Hoſier-lane eight inqueft-men, twenty four ſcavengers, and
out of Smithfield; alſo toward Holbourn, till it four beadles.
meets with a part of Cow-lane. Cock-lane, out We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward nearly
of Smithfield, over againſt Pie-corner. Giltſpur- adjoining to that part where we finiſhed the pre-
ſtreet, out of Smithfield to Newgate. Then from ceding, viz. Ludgate-hill. This is a handſome,
Newgate, weſt by St. Sepulchreºs-church, to Turn- ſpacious ſtreet, well built
, and principally inha-
again-lane on Snow-hill. From the place where bited by ſilk-mercers of great eminence ; be-
the conduit ſtood on Snow-hill to Holbourn-bridge tween which and Fleet-ſtreet, on the north ſide, is
up Holbourn-hill, to the bars on both ſides. ſituate
At the bottom of Holbourn-hill, on the north
fide is Gold-lane, commonly called Field-lane, F L E E T M A R K E T.
remarkable for ſhops that fell offal of beaſts and
baked ſheeps heads. Farther from this is Hatton This market is érected on the very place where
garden-ftreet, Leather-lane, and Brook-ſtreet. once ran the united ſtreams of the river of Wells,
From Newgate, on the ſouth ſide, lieth the the Oldbourne, and the river Fleet, and fell into
Old Bailey, which ſtretches down by the wall of the Thames. It is now arched over, upon which
the city to Ludgate-hill
. On the weſt fide of are built two rows of ſhops, with a handſome walk
which ſtreet breaks out another lane, called St. paved with rag ſtones between, almoſt the whole
George's Jane, till you come unto the ſouth end length ; into which cover there is light conveyed
of Seacoal-lane; and then turning towards Fleet by windows from the roof. In the center is a
market, it is called Fleet lane.
neat turret with a clock. Ac the ſouth end the
Out of the high-ſtreet from Newgate, turning fruiterers have ſtands on each ſide, under a kind
down ſouth, is the Litle Old Bailey, which runs of piazzas, where are convenient places for de
down to the eaſt of St. George's-lane. Then is poſiting their ſtock. And at the north end is a
Seacoal-lane, which turns down into Fleet.lane. large area for all ſorts of vegetables.
Near unto this Seacoal-lane, in the turning to Ön the eaſt ſide of this market, and a little to
wards the conduit on Snow hill is another lane, the fouch of Fleet-lane, is ſituate che
called in record Windagain-lane, for that it turn-
ed down to Turomill-brook, and from thence
F L E E T PRISON.
back again; it being impaſſable. Beyond Hol-
bourn-bridge is Shoe-lane, which runs out of This was a priſon in the reign of Richard I.
Holbourn unto the place where the conduit ftood It is a general court for debtors, and ſuch as are
in Flecc-ftreec.
in contempt of the courts of Chancery and Com-
mon.

328
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
mon-Pleas. And any priſoner for debt may be “ his houſe of Bridewell unto the city, partly for
removed by Habeas Corpus from any priſon in “ the ſetting of idle and lewd people to work,
England to the Fleet; and enjoy the rules, or li " and partly for the lodging and harbouring of
berty to walk abroad, and to keep a houſe within " the poor, fick, weak, and fore people of this
the liberties of this priſon, provided he can give city, and of poor way-faring people, repair-
ſecurity to the warden for his forth coming.
ing to the ſame ; and has for this laſt purpoſe
The rules or liberties of the Fleet are, all the given the bedding and furniture of the Savoy:
north ſide of Ludgate-hill, and the Old Bailey
Co therefore in conſideration that very great
up to Fleet-lane; down that lane into the market, charges will be required to the fitting of the
and then turning the corner on the left, all the " ſaid houſe, and the buying of cools and bed-
eaſt fide along by the Fleet priſon to the bottom ding, they ordered the money to be gotion up.
of Ludgate-hill,
“ amongſt the rich people of the companies of
The priſon itſelf is a large brick building of " London, &c.”
conſiderable length, with galleries in each ſtory,
which reach from one end of the houle to the the following reigns, granaries and ſtore-
other ; and on the ſides of theſe galleries are houſes for coals were erected at the expence of
rooms for the priſoners. All manner of provi- || the city within this hoſpital, and the poor were
fions are brought into this priſon every day, and employed in grinding corn with hand mills;
cried as in the pubic ſtreets. It has the benefit which were greatly improved in the reign of queen
of an open yard, which is encloſed with a high | Elizabeth, when a citizen invented a mill, by
wall.
which two men might grind as much corn in a
It is properly the priſon belonging to the court day, as could be ground by ten men with the
of Common-Pleas. The keeper is called War other mills, and being to be worked either by the
den of the Fleet, and is a place of very great hands or feet, if the poor were lame in the arms,
profic as well as cruft; being allowed conſidera they earned their living with their feet, and if
ble fees from the priſoners for turning the key, they were lame in their legs, they earned their
for chamber rent, &c. and endowed with the living with their arms.
rents of the ſhops in Weſtminſter-hall.
The old building was entirely deſtroyed by
Directly oppoſite the ſouth end of the Fleet the dreadful fire in 1666, together with all the
market, is a large ſpacious opening that leads to dwelling-houſes in the precinct of Bridewell, from
the new bridge now building at Black-friars ; whence had ariſen two thirds of its revenue; the
which bridge is in ſuch forwardneſs as to be || hoſpital, however, was rebuilt in 1668, in the
opened for carrriages the nineteenth of Noven manner it at preſent appears.
It conſiſts of two courts; in which the build-
On the weſt Side of this opening lies Bridewell ings are convenient and not very irregular, de-
precinct, in which ſtands the hoſpital called ligned not only for priſons and places of hard
labour and puniſhment, but for indigent citizens;
BRID E W E L L.
for arts-maſters in ſeveral branches of trade, as
fax-dreſſers, taylors, weavers of all ſorts, ſhoe-
This building is ſituated on the ſpot where makers, pin-makers, &c. who together retain
once ſtood a royal palace, even before the con one hundred apprentices, cloached in blue doub-
queft: and which continued, with ſome little in lets, and breeches, and white hats, who are en-
termiſſion, in that royal ſtate till the reign of citled to the freedom of the city, and to 10l.
king Edward VI. It was rebuilt by king Henry each after they have ſerved feven years.
VIII. in the year 1522, for the reception of the This hoſpital is likewiſe uſed as a houſe of cor-
emperor Charles, V. who
gave
it the name of rection for all ſtrumpets, night-walkers, pick-
Bridewell; on account of a remarkable well pockets, vagrants, and incorrigible and diſobe-
thereunto adjoining, and its vicinity to St. Bride's dient ſervants, who are commicted by the Lord-
church.
mayor and aldermen ; as are alſo apprentices by
In the year 1553 king Edward VI. gave this the chamberlain of the city, who are obliged to
royal palace to the mayor, commonalty and citi beat hemp, and, if the nature of their offence
zens of London, to be a working-houſe for the requires it, to undergo the correction of whip-
poor and idle perſons of the city, and to be a ping
houſe of correction, with ſeven hundred marks Here is likewiſe a chapel, with a ſquare roof,
land, formerly of the poffeffions of the houſe of and two galleries at the norch and weſt ſides, ſup-
Savoy, and all the beddings and other furniture ported by columns of the Tuſcan order : at the
of the ſaid houſe, towards the maintenance of weſt end are places for the hoſpital boys ; and
Bridewell, and the hoſpital of St. Thomas in others for the priſoners, 1 The walls are brick;
Southwark. But king Edward dying ſoon after and the wainſcot and finiſhing very neat. The
this grant was made, prevented the city's entering || altar piece conſiſts of two pilaſters, with their
upon the premiſes and taking poffeßion, till it entablature and circular pediment of the Corin-
was confirmed two years after by queen Mary. thian order ; between which are the command-
After which Gerard the mayor entered and took ments done in gold on black, and the Lord's
took poffeffion thereof: and in order to forward ſo prayer and creed in gold on blue in gilt frames,
good a work, the following act of common and farther inriched with gilt cherubims, leaves,
council was made the laſt day of February, in fruits, &c. carved in relievo. The whole chan-
the ſecond and third years of Philip and Mary: cel is neatly paved with black and white
« Foraſmuch as king Edward VI. has given marble
To
ber 1769.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
529
the porter.
vernors.
are,
To this chapel and precinct belong a preacher, vicarage ever ſince. In 1610 the earl of Dorſet
choſen by the governors; a reader, chofen alſo gave a parcel of ground, on the weſt ade of
by the governors, two chapel-wardens, one in Fleet-ditch, for a new church-yard, which was con-
the houſe, the other in the precinct; and one ſecrated the ſecond of Auguſt that ſame year, by
conftable living within the houſe, who is generally doctor George Abbot, bilhop of London.
The old church being deſtroyed by the fire of
The court-room is adorned with columns of
London, the prefent edifice aroſe in its ſtead. It
the Compoſite order, a gallery, &c. but the moſt was deſigned by Sir Chriſtopher Wren, and by
valuable embelliſhments are the ſeveral handſome him compleated within fourteen years, in ſuch a
tables, wherein the names of the benefactors are maſterly and elegant manner, as to exceed moſt
depenciled in gold letters. In this room is a chair of our pariſh churches in delicacy and beauty.
for the preſident, and convenient ſeats for the go It is one hundred and eleven féec long, eighty-
ſeven broad, and the ſteeple two hundred and
All the affairs of this hoſpital are managed by chirty-four feet high. It has a plain and regular
governors, who are above three hundred beſides
body, the openings all anſwering one another :
the Lord-mayor and court of aldermen, all of the roof is raiſed on pillars: and the altar-piece
whom are likewiſe governors of Bethlehem hor is very magnificent. The circular pediment over
pital ; for theſe hoſpitals being one corporation, the lower part is ſupported by fix Corinthian co-
they have the ſame preſident, governors, clerks, lumns. The ſteeple is a ſpire of extreme delicate
phyſician, ſurgeon, and apothecary. This hof. workmanſhip, raiſed upon a folid, yet light tower;
pical, has, however, its own ſteward, a porter, a and the ſeveral ſtages by which the ſpire gradu-
inatron, and four beadles, one of whom has the ally decreaſes are well deſigned, and executed
taſk of correcting the criminals.
with all the advantage of the orders.
Oppoſite the eaſt gate of this hoſpital lately The vicar, according to act of parliament, re-
ſtood a handſome ſtone bridge over Fleet ditch, ceives 1201. which is paid quarterly by the church-
which communicated with Black-friars; but the wardens. The tyche roll is about 270l. per an-
bridge has been taken down, and the ditch arched num, which the pariſh hold by leafe from the
over and made level with the ſtreet on each ſide, dean and chapter of Weſtminſter.
to improve the avenue to the new bridge that is The veſtry is general; and the pariſh officers
building at Black-friars.
two church-wardens, four overſeers, four
Proceedingup Fleet-ſtreet, on the ſouth ſide, we fideſmen, and three collectors.
come to Saliſbury-court, (alias Dorſet-court) ſo Within the ſteeple of this church there hang
called from the houſe and gardens which were one of the moſt melodious ring of bells in and
once the reſidence of the earls of Dorſet. This about London.
Dorſet or Saliſbury-court claimed a peculiar li Nearly oppoſite Saliſbury.court is Shoe-lane,
berty to itſelf, and to be exempt from the city which is remarkable for the habitation of artiſts
government; and the inhabitants would not ad. in ſeveral branches of Watches, clocks, toys;
mit of the city officers to make any arreſt. And gilding, chaſing, &c. and many eminent printers
at this time any perſon may open ſhop in this li have their offices in the adjacent courts, &c.
berty, though he be not a freeman of the city of More to the weſt is Water-lane, which divides
London.
White-friars from Saliſbury-court. Though this
On the eaſt ſide of this court is a paved free lane is tolerably well built, yet it is very in-
ftone paſſage, which leads to the pariſh church differently inhabited, by reaſon of its being
of
greatly annoyed by the carts which are continually
going to and from the lay-ſtall and wharfs at the
ST. BRIDGET, alias St. BRID E. bottom of it.
After the diffolution of the priory of White-
Though the origin of this church is unknown, friars, * the church and buildings, in proceſs of
yet it appears not to be of a late date, by its time, became ruinous and were pulled down ;
having had three rectors before the year 1362. afterwards converted into buildings, and now
It was originally a very ſmall church, till about contain ſeveral courts, lanes and alleys; as Dog-
the year 1480, when it was greatly enlarged by well-court, Effex.court, Afhen-tree-court; Da-
William Venor, warden of the Fleet priſon, who vis's-yard, which is converted into a glaſs-houſe
cauſed a ſpacious fabric to be erected at the weſt for making flint glafies ; Waterman's-lane, as
end thereof conſiſting of a middle and two ſide iſles; leading to the river Thames, where there is a
to which the old church ſerved as a choir. There pair of ſtairs to take water at ; all places of in-
was a vicarage alſo here, ordained and endowed different account.
about the year 1529 ; and king Henry VIII. af In the year 1608, the inhabitants of White-
ter the diffolution of the convent of Weſtminſter, friars obtained ſeveral liberties, privileges and
having given this rectory and pariſh church of St. exemptions by a charter granted them by king
Bride to che collegiate church of Weſtminſter, James I. which rendered the place an aſylum for
founded by hin, this church has continued a inſolvent debtors, cheats and gameſters, who gave
* This place took its name from the White Friars, or
Carmelites, who had their houſe next to Fleet-fireet, and
their garden probably extended from thence to the water-
ſide. They were cloathed in white, and having made a
yow of poverty, lived by begging. Their convent was
45
founded by Sir Richard Gray, knt, anceſtor to the lord
Gray of Codner in Derbyſhire, in the year 1241, and was
afterwards rebuilt by Hugh Courtney, earl of Devonſhire,
about the year 1350. In the conyentual church were interred
many perſons of diſtinction,
6 R
to

530
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
to this diſtrict the name of Alſatia ; but the in ground from the White-friars weſtward to Efex-
conveniences the city ſuffered from this place of houſe, is divided into two inns of court, viz. the
refuge, and the riotous proceedings carried on Inner Temple, and the Middle Temple. Theſe
there, at length induced the legiſlature to inter inns have ſeparate halls, but both houſes reſort
poſe ; and to deprive them of privileges ſo per to the Temple church.
nicious to the community.
In the year 1684 was built the Middle Tem-
The inhabitants of White Friars, or Carme ple-gate, next Fleet ſtreet, which is a fine ſtruc-
lites, maintain their own poor, collect their taxes, ture, in the ſtile of Inigo Jones. It has a grace-
have no church-wardens, but two collectors, and ful front of brick-work, with four large flone
chuſe their own officers,
pilaſters of the Ionic order, and a handſome pe-
More to the weſt, on the ſame fide of Fleet diment, with a round in the middle of it, having
ſtreet, and nearly oppoſite the ſouth end of Chan thefe words inſcribed in large capitals : SURREXIT
cery-lane, is a handſome arched gateway which IMPENSIS SOCIETAT. MED. TEMPLI, MDCLXXXIV.
leads into
and beneath, juſt over the arch, is the figure of
a holy lamb.
The TEMPLE.
Over the colonade at the end of Pump-court,
is the following infcription in memory of a fire
This place is thus denominated from the edi that happened there ſome years ago :
fice being founded by the Knights Templars in Vituſtiſima Templariorum porticu igne conſumpta
England, who had firſt a houſe in Holbourn, and anno 1678. Nova hæc fumptibus Medii Templi ex-
afterwards ſeteled here in the reign of Henry II. trusta anno 1681, Gulielmo Whitlock, armig.
when it was dedicated to God and the Bleſſed Vir Theſaurario.
gin in the year 1185, by Honorious patriarch of In the treaſury chamber of the Middle Temple
the church of the holy reſurrection in Jeru is preſerved a great quantity of armour, which
falem.
belonged to the Knights Templars, conſiſting of
The origin of theſe Knights Templars was as helmets, breaſt and back pieces, together with
follows: ſeveral of the cruſaders having ſettled at ſeveral pikes, a halberd, and two very beautiful
Jeruſalem about the year 1118, formed them ſhields, with iron ſpikes in their centers, of the
ſelves into an uniform militia, under the name of length of ſix inches in diameter, and each of
Templars, or knights of the Temple, a name about twenty pounds weight. They are curiouſly
they aſſumed from their being quartered near a engraved, and one of them richly inlaid with
church built on the ſpot where Solomon's tem gold : the inſides are lined with leather ſtuffed,
ple had ſtood. Theſe firſt guarded the roads, in and the edges adorned with ſilk fringe; and broad
order to render them ſafe for the pilgrims who leathern belts are fixed to them, for the bet-
came to viſic the holy fepulchre; and ſome time ter convenience of their being ſlung on the
after they had a rule appointed them by pope
ſhoulders.
Honorious II. who ordered them to wear a white In garden court, in the Middle Temple, is a
after which they were farther diftiſtin library founded by the will of Robert Alhley,
guiſhed by having croſſes made of red cloth on eſq; in the year 1641, who bequeathed his own
their upper garments. In a ſhort time many no library for that purpoſe, and three hundred
blemen in all parts of Chriſtendom, became pounds to be laid out in a purchaſe, for che main-
brethren of this order, and built themſelves tem tenance of a librarian, who muſt be a ſtudent of
ples in many cities and great towns in Europe, the ſociety, and be elected into that office by the
and particularly in England, where this was the benchers.
principal.
This library is regularly kept open (except in
Theſe Templars were in ſo flouriſhing a fitua. the time of the long vacation) from ten in the
tion in the thirteenth century, that they fre morning till one in the afternoon, and from two
quently entertained the nobility, the pope's nun in the afternoon till ſix in the ſummer, and four
cio, foreign ambaſſadors, and even the king him-
in winter.
felf; and many parliaments and great councils The Inner Temple is ſituated to the eaſt of
have been held in this place.
Middle Temple-gate, and has a cloiſter, a large
In the year 1308 all the Templars in England, || garden, and more ſpacious walks than the other.
as alſo in other parts of Chriſtendom, were ap This ſociety conſiſts of benchers, barriſters, and
prehended and committed to divers priſons; and ſtudents; the former of whom, as governors at
three years after king Edward II. gave Aimer commons have their table at the upper end of
de la Valence, earl of Pembroke, this houſe of the hall, and the barriſters and ſtudents in the
the Templars, with all their poſſeſſions within middle.
the city of London. At his death it reverted to All the members of this ſociety who have
the crown; and in 1324 was given to the knight's chambers, are obliged to be in commons a fort-
hoſpitallers of the order of St. John of Jeruſalem, night every terın, for which they pay about ten
who had driven the Turks out of the iſle of ſhillings per week. Sixteen of theſe terms, with
Rhodes, and had their chief houſes where St. a regular courſe of ſtudy, qualifies a ſtudent for
John's-ſquare is now ſituated. Theſe knights, the bar.
foon after, let this edifice to the ſtudents of the The fees of the houſe, on the admiſſion of a
common-law, in whoſe poffeffion it has continued member, are three pounds, ſix ſhillings and eight-
to this day.
pence, which, with other diſburſements, amount
The Temple which contained all that ſpace of to four pounds and two-pence.
The
habit ;

HISTORY and SURVer of LONDON.
531
tern.
The parliament, wherein the affairs of the ſo Templars who lie interred here; eight of which
ciety are treated is generally held twice every are covered with the figures of armed knights,
five lying croſs legged, as men vowed to the
The officers and feryants of the houſe are, a Holy Land againſt the infidels and unbelieving
treaſurer, a ſub-treaſurer, a ſteward, a chief and Jews; the other three ſtrait-legged ; the reſt are
three under butlers, an upper and under cook, a coped ſtones, all of grey marble. The firſt of
pannier-man, a gardener, and two porters.
the croſs-legged was William Marſhall the elder,
The Middle Temple, which joins to the Inner earl of Pembroke, who died in the year 1219.
Temple on the weſt, is thus denominated from its William Marſhall, his ſon, earl of Pembroke,
having been the middle or central part of the an was the ſecond; he died in 1231. And Gilbert
cient temple or priory of Knights Templars. Marſhall, his brother, earl of Pembroke, Nain in
The chief officer of this houſe, like the other, is a tournament at Hertford, near Ware, twenty
a treaſurer, who is annually choſen from among miles from London, who died in the year 1241.
the benchers, and whole office is to admit itu This tower is divided from the body of the
dents ; to aflign them their chambers, and to re church by a very handſome ſcreen in the modern
ceive and pay all the caſh belonging to the ſociety. taſte; on paffing which we find the church has
The officers and governors of this inn, are in all three roofs ſupported by tall and Nender pillars of
reſpects like that of the Inner Temple, except Suffex marble. The windows are all adorned
the charge of admiflion, which is five pounds; and wich ſmall neat pillars of the ſame ſtone, and the
the time to qualify a ſtudent for the bar is twenty floor paved with black and white marble. The
eight terms inſtead of fixteen.
iſes are five in number, three, as uſual, running
The moſt remarkable building in the Temple eaſt and wcft, and two croſs iſles. The walls are
is the old church which belonged to the Knights neatly wainſcotced with oak above eight feet high,
Templars of Jeruſalem, and was originally found. and the altar-piece which is of the fame wood, is
ed in the year 1185. The old ſtructure was taken much higher, finely carved, and adorned with
down in 1240, and another erected after the ſame four pilaſters and two columns of the Corinthian
model. The preſent edifice was one of thoſe that order: it is alſo ornamented with cherubims, a
eſcaped the fire of London in 1666 ; but in 1695 l ſhield, feftoons, fruit and leaves.
The pulpit,
the ſouth weſt part was new built, and in 1706 which is placed near the eaſt end of the middle
the whole was thoroughly repaired.
ile is finely carved and veneered; the founding
This beautiful gothic ttructure is built of ſtone, board is pendant from the roof, and enriched
firmly put together, and enriched with orna with ſeveral carved arches, a crown, feftoons, che-
ments. It conſiſts of a long body with a turret, rubims and vaſes.
and a round cower at the weſt end, that has much The ſcreen at the weſt end of the iſies is like
the air of a piece of fortification. The length the altar piece, of wainſcot, and adorned with
of the church from the altar to the ſcreen is ten pilaſters of the Corinthian order, with three
eighty-three feet, its breadth fixty feet, and the portals and pediments. The organ gallery is
height of the roof thirty-four. The round ſupported by two fluted Corinthian columns, and
tower is forty-eight feet high; its diameter at the ornamented with an entablature and a compaſs
floor fifty-one feet, and its circumference one pediment, with the king's arms well carved. Near
hundred and fixty feet.
the pediment, on the ſouth ſide is an enrichment
The windows which enlighten the body of of cherubims and a carved figure of a Pegaſus,
the church are large and well proportioned. che badge of the ſociety of the Inner Temple;
They are compoſed of three Gothic arches, a and in the pediment on the north ſide an enrich-
principal, and a lower on either ſide. Theſe ment of cherubims, and the figure of a Holy
window ſtand ſo cloſe that there are but very. || Lamb, the badge of the ſociety of the Middle
flender piers left between them to ſupport a heavy | Temple : for though theſe two houſes have one
they are therefore ſtrengthened with but- || church, they feldom fit promiſcuouſly there ; buc
treffes ; but theſe buttreſſes, as in moſt other the gentlemen of the Inner Temple on the ſouth,
Gothic ſtructures, exclude more light than the and thoſe of the Middle Temple northward
piers would have done, had they been larger, and from the iſle. In the church are the tombs of
the windows conſiderably leſs. The tower, which many judges, maſters in chancery and eminent
is very mafly, has few windows, and thoſe ſmall, lawyers.
yet there are buttreffes carried up between them ; Since the reign of Henry VIII. there has been
the top is crowned with plain ſquare battlements, a divine belonging to this church named a maſter
and from the center riſes a fane,
or cuftos,' who is conftituted by his majeſty's let-
The turret upon the body of the church is ters patent, without inſtitution or induction. Be-
ſmall and plain, and ſerves to receive a beil. In ſides the maſter there is a reader, who reads di-
ſhort, what can be ſeen of the outſide has a ve vine ſervice every day, at eight o'clock in the
nerable aſpect, but the principal beauties are morning, and at four in the afternoon. Formerly
within.
they had a fixed lecturer for Sundays in the after-
On entering the round tower, you find it ſup noon, who had eighty pounds a year from each
ported with fix pillars, wainſcotted with oak fix houſe, convenient ludging, and his diet at the
feet high, and adorned all round, except the benchers table ; but of late the lecture is carried
eaſt
part, opens into the church, with an on by various preaches appointed and paid by the
upper and lower range of ſmall arches, and black treaſurers of the two houſes.
apertures ; but what is moſt remarkable in this
At the weſt extremity of Fleet-ſtreet, and the
part is, the tombs of eleven of the Knighes city liberty ſtands
TEMPLE
roof;
which opens

532
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
T E M P L E B A R.
Sackvill, whoſe deſcendants alienated the impro-
priation to George Rivers, 22 Jac. I. but they
This is a very handfome gate, where anciently || kept the vicarage in their preſentation till the year
were pofts, rails, and a chain, as in other places 1631. The impropriation and vicarage are both
where the city liberties terminated. Afterwards at this time in the heirs of Mr. Taylor, late clerk
a houſe of timber was erected acroſs the ſtreet, of Bridewell. The impropriation is valued at
with a narrow gateway, and an entry through the 300l. per annum; and the vicar receives 2401.
ſouth ſide of it. But Gince the fire of London per annum in lieu of tythes.
the preſent ſtructure was erected, and is the only This church eſcaped the fire of London in
gate at the extremity of the city liberties.
1666, buc has been repaired ſeveral times ac a
This gate is a very noble one, and has two very great expence. It conſiſts of a large body,
poſterns, one on each ſide, for the advantage of and a ſmall tower, every way diſproportionate.
foot paſſengers. It is builc entirely of Portland And what renders this edifice ſtill more diſagree-
ſtone, of ruſtic work below, and of the Corin able is, its being covered with a number of ſmall
tian order. Over the gateway, on the eaſt fide, ſhops or ſheds, that not only add to its deformity,
in two 'niches, are ſtone ftatues of queen Eliza but makes it project into the ſtreet, ſo as to be
beth and king James I. with the king's arms over an incumbrance in the public way. The clock
the key-ftone, and on the weſt ſide are the ſtatues projects to the ſouth near the weſt end, and for
of king Charles I. and king Charles II. in Ro the amuſement of the gaping vulgar, two human
man hábits.
figures are placed in a kind of lonic loggia, and
This is the gate, which of late years the ſtate by means of clock-work, ſtrike iwo bells hung
has appointed to be the place to fix, on its fum over them, and declare the hour and quarters.
mit, the heads of ſuch as have been executed for Here are ſeveral gift fermons, viz. on the
high treaſon.
thirtieth of January, twenty ninth of May, Good-
Returning from Temple-bar, on the north ſide friday, &c. And a lecture every Sunday and
of Fleet-ſtreet, is Chancery-lane; on the eaſt Thurfday in the afternoon, from the beginning
fide of which are Serjeant’s-inn, Simond's inn, of Michaelmas term to the end of trinity term,
the Rolls chapel, and the Curſitor's-office. And founded by Dr. Whice.
on the weſt ſide are, Lincoln's-inn, the Six Clerks Here are two charity ſchools, one for fifty boys,
office, che examiner's-office, the Maſters in Chan four of whom are taughi navigation : the other
cery’s-office, &c. But they are all out of the city for forty girls, who are educated, cloathed, and
liberty, except Serjeant's-inn; where judges and
put out to ſervice.
ferjeants have their ſeveral chambers, not dwel The veftry is ſelect; and the pariſh-officers
ling-houſes, as in the other that goes by the fame are two churchwardens, cwo overſeers, and two
name in Fleet-ſtreet.
collectors.
Farcher to the eaſt from Chancery-lane, and on A little farther to che eaſt from this church,
the ſame fide, ftands.
and near Feater-lane, is Crane-court, at the up-
per end of which ſtands the ſeat of
CLIFF OR D's - I N N.
THE ROYAL SOCIETY.
This is one of the inns of chancery, and has three
courts and a garden adorned with rows of lime This ſociety, which took its riſe from a private
trees ſet round graſs-plots, and with gravel walks body of learned and ingenious men, was foundeá
which are kept in good order. It was formerly for the improvement of natural knowledge. It
lord Clifford's manſion; but now the habitation was begun in the chambers of biſhop Wilkins,
of gentlemen in the law, chiefly attornies and of then no more than a member of Wadham Col-
ficers belonging to the Marſhal's-court.
lege, Oxon, about the year 1650 ; and in 1658
Adjoining to this inn is ſituate the pariſh | they hired an apartment in Greſham-college, and
church of
formed themſelves into a body, under lord Broun-
ker, their firſt preſident. Their reputation was
ST. DU N S T A N, in the Weſt. ſo well eſtabliſhed at the time of the reſtoration,
that king Charles II. incorporated them by a
This church is ſo called from its dedication to charter, in which his majeſty was pleaſed to ſtile
Dunſtan aforeſaid, and the epithet of Weſt, to himſelf their founder, patron, and companion,
diſtinguiſh it from another church of the ſame which
gave
them the name of the Royal Society.
name, ſituated in the eaſt. It is a very ancient By which charter the corporation was to conſiſt of
foundation, in the gift of the abbot and convent a preſident, a council of twenty-four, and as
of Weſtminſter, who, in the year 1237, gave it many fellows as ſhould be found worthy of ad-
to king Henry III. towards the maintenance of miffion; with a treaſurer, ſecretary, curators,
the foundation of the houſe called the Rolls, for &c.
the reception of converted Jews. It was after No ſooner was this Royal Society thus incor-
wards converted to the abbot and convent of Aln. porated by king Charles II. chan that prince made
wick, in Northumberland, in which patronage it them a preſent of a fine ſilver mace gilt, to be car-
continued till that religious houſe was ſuppreſſed || ried before the preſident; and, as a farther mark of
by king Henry VIII. And Edward VI. granted | favour, their royal patron, by his letters patent of
the advowſon of this church, under the name of the eighth of April, 1667, gave them Chelſea.
a vicarage, to lord Dudley. Soon after which the college with its appurtenances, and twenty-fix
rectory and vicarage were granted to Sir Richard acres of land ſurrounding the ſame, But after-
wards

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
533
the money.
wards the ſociety neglecting to convert a part of king George II. and many of the greateſt princes
it into a phyſic garden, as was intended, and the in Europe.
king being reſolved to erect an hoſpital for old The officers choſen from among the members,
and maimed ſoldiers, thought no place more pro are, the preſident, who calls and diſſolves the
per for ſuch a deſign than this college ; he there meetings, propoſes the ſubjects of conſultation,
fore purchaſed it again of them for a conſiderable puts queſtions, calls for experiments, and admits
ſum.
the members that are from time to time received
A little before the ſociety received theſe letters into the ſociety.
patent from his majeſty, the honourable Henry The treaſurer, who receives and diſburſes all
Howard, afterwards duke of Norfolk, made
chem a preſent of a very valuable library, which The two ſecretaries who read all letters and
conſiſts of 3287 printed books in moſt languages informations ; reply to all addreſſes or letters from
and faculties ; chiefly the firſt editions ſoon after foreign parts, or at home; regiſter all experiments
the invention of printing; and a valuable col and concluſions, and publiſh what is ordered by
lection of manuſcripts in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, || the ſociety.
and Turkiſh, amounting to 554 volumes, which, The curators, who have the charge of mak-
together with the former, are thought to be of || ing experiments, receive the directions of the
ſuch value, as nor to be paralleled.
ſociety, and at another meeting bring all to the
Excluſive of this library, which takes up a teft,
large room, another curious and valuable col Every perſon to be elected a fellow of the Royal
lection was left the ſociety in the year 1715, by | Society, muſt be propounded and recommended
their ſecretary Francis Afton, eſq; which, together at a meeting of the ſociety, by three or more
with the numerous benefactions of the works of members; who muſt then deliver to one of the
the learned members, in all faculties, but more ſecretaries a paper ſigned by themſelves with their
eſpecially in natural and experimental philoſophy, own name, ſpecifying the name, addition, pro-
amount to above 3600, and are placed in glaſs || feflion, occupation, and chief qualifications; the
caſes in another room,
inventions, diſcoveries, works, writings, or other
The muſeum belonging to the ſociety was productions of the candidate for election : as alſo
founded by Daniel Colwall, eſq; in the year 1677, || notifying the uſual place of his abode, and re-
who gave his great and curious collection of na commending him on their own perſonal know-
tural and artificial rarities, which compoſe the || ledge. A fair copy of which paper, with the
greateſt part of the catalogue, publiſhed anno, date of the day when delivered, ſhall be fixed up
1681, by doctor Grew, under the title of Mu in the common meeting-room of the ſociety, at
ſeum Regalis Societatis. But theſe curioſities, by ten ſeveral ordinary meetings, before the ſaid
the generous benefaction of other curious per candidate ſhall be put to the ballot : but it ſhall
ſons, are now increaſed to above fix cimes the be free for every one of his majeſty's ſubjects,
number of thoſe mentioned in the catalogue. who is a peer, or the ſon of a
Upon the ſociety's removal from Grelham Britain or Ireland, and for every one of his ma-
college to their houfe in Crane-court, in Fleet- jeſty's privy-council of either of the ſaid king-
ſtreet, Richard Waller, eſq; one of the ſecreta dons, and for every foreign prince or ambaſſador,
ries of the incorporation, at his own expence, in to be propounded by any ſingle perſon, and to
the year 1711, erected the repoſitory in the gar be put to the ballot for election on the ſame day,
den for the reception of the ſaid rarities, which there being preſent a competent number for
are beautifully diſpoſed therein for the entertain- | making elections. And at every ſuch ballot, un-
ment of the curious. It abounds with a great leſs two thirds at leaſt of the members preſent
variety of the following ſpecies of rarities, viz. || give their bills in favour of the candidate, he
human, quadrupedes, birds, fowls, palmipedes, || cannot be elected a fellow of the Royal Society;
eggs, neſts, fiſhes, viviparous, oviparous, exan nor can any candidate be balloted for, unleſs at
guious, ſcaled and ſhelled, double and multiple, leaſt twenty-one members are preſent.
inſects, reptiles, woods, ſtalks and roots, fruits After a candidate has been elected, he may, at
of all ſorts, moffes, muſhrooms, plants, ſpunges, that, or the next meeting of the ſociety, be in-
&c. animal and vegetable bodies petrified, corals troduced and folemnly admitted by the preſident,
and other marine productions, foffils, gems, after having previouſly ſubſcribed the obligacion,
ſtones irregular, metals, antimony, mercury and whereby he promiſes, “ that he will endeavour
other metallic bodies, falts, ſulphurs, oils and “ to promote the good of the Royal Society of
earths, philoſophical and mathematical inſtru “ London, for the improvement of natural
ments, Indian, American, and other weapons, knowledge.”
with a variety of apparel, &c.
al
This fociety, by the above-mentioned royal When any one is admitted, he pays a fee of
and other benefactions, the admiſſion money, five guineas, and afterwards 13s. a quarter, as
and annual contribution of its members, was in long as he continues a member, towards defray-
fo flouriſhing a condition, that they applied to his | ing the expences of the ſociety; and for the pay-
majeſty king George the firſt, for an additional ment thereof he gives a bond ; but moft of the
privilege to purchaſe, in morcmain, 1000l. in members on their firft admittance chufe to pay
ſtead of zool. per annum, which he was pleaſed | down twenty guineas, which diſcharges them from
to grant by his letters patent, in 1725. Among any
future payments.
the fellows of this fociety was his late majeſty Any fellow may however free himſelf from
6 T
theſe
peer, of Great
maat 45

$34
HISTORY and SÜREY of LONDON.
naine.
theſe obligations, by only writing to the preſident, ber of converts decreaſed, and in the year 1377, the
that he deſires to withdraw from the ſociety, houſe, with its chapel, was annexed by patent to
When the preſident takes the chair, the reſt of the keeper of the Rolls of Chancery.
the fellows take their fears, and thoſe who are not The chapel, which is of brick, pebbles and
of the ſociety withdraw: except any baron of ſome free-ftone, is fixty feet long, and thirty-
England, Scotland, and Ireland, any perſon of
three feet in breadth ; the doors and windows are
a higher title, or any of his majeſty's privy | Gothic, and the roof covered with Nate. In this
council of any of his three kingdoms, and any chapel the rolls are kept in preſſes fixed to the
foreigner of eminent repute, may ſtay, with the ſides, and ornamented with columns and pilaſters
allowance of the preſident, for that time, and of che Ionic and Compoſite orders. Theſe rolls
upon leave obtained of the preſident and fellows contain all the records, as charters, patents, &c.
preſent, or the major part of them, any other ſince the beginning of the reign of Richard III.
perſon may be permitted to ſtay for that time: thoſe before that time being depoſited in the Re-
but the name of every perſon thus permitted to cord Office in the Tower; and theſe being made
ſtay, that of the perſon who moved for him, and up in rolls of parchment, gave occaſion to the
the allowance, are to be entered in the journal
book.
At the north-weſt angle of this chapel is a
The buſineſs of the ſociety in their ordinary bench where the maſter of the rolls hears cauſes
meetings, is, to order, take account, conſider and in chancery. And attendance is given in this
diſcourſe of philoſophical experiments and obfer chapel from ten o'clock till twelve, for taking in
vations : : to read, hear, and diſcourſe upon let and paying out money, according to order of
ters, reports, and other papers containing philo court, and for giving an opportunity to thoſe who
ſophical matters ; as alſo to view and diſcourſe come for that purpoſe to ſearch the rolls.
upon the rarities of nature and art, and to con The miniſter of the chapel is appointed by the
fider what may be deduced from them, and how maſter of the Rolls, and divine ſervice is per-
far they may be improved for uſe, or diſcovery. formed there on Sundays and holidays at about
No experiment can be made at the charge of eleven and three.
the fociety, but by order of the ſociety or coun-
On the walls are ſeveral old monuments, par-
cil. And in order to the propounding and mak cicularly at the eaſt end is that of Dr. Young,
ing experiments for the ſociety, the importance
maſter of the Rolls, who died in the year 1516.
of ſuch experiment is to be conſidered with re In a well-wrought ftone coffin lies the effigy of
ſpect to the diſcovery of any truth, or to the uſe Dr. Young in a ſcarlet gown; his hands lie acroſs
and benefit of mankind.
upon his breaſt, and a cap with corners covers his
The philoſophical tranſactions are printed at On the wall juft above him, Our Saviour
the charge of the ſociety, and the clerk delivers is looking down upon him, his head and ſhoulders
gratis one of the copies to every fellow of the fo appearing out of the clouds, accompanied by
ciecy who fhall demand it, either in perſon, or two angels.
by letter under the hand of ſuch fellow, within
The office of the Rolls is under the governm
one year after the clerk has begun to deliver ſuch ment of the Maſter of the Rolls, whoſe houſe is
copies.
by the chapel.
The meetings of the Royal Society are on The place of Maſter of the Rolls is an office
Thurſdays, at five o'clock in the afternoon. The of great dignity, and is in the gift of the king,
members of the council are elected out of the either for life or during pleaſure. He is always
fellows, upon the feaſt of St. Andrew in the the principal maſter in chancery, and has in his
morning, when, after the election, they all dine gift the office of the Six Clerks in Chancery, of
together.
the two Examiners of the ſame court, and of
Eleven of the old council are elected for the the Clerk of the Chapel of the Rolls, who acts
enſuing year, and ten are elected out of the other immediately under him in that office. He has
members. Then the preſident, treaſurer, and ſeveral revenues belonging to the office of the
ſecretary are elected out of cheſe. But the ſame Rolls, and by act of parliament receives a ſalary
perſons are uſually re-choſen into theſe offices. of 1200l. per annum out of the hanaper.
In Chancery-lane is a place for keeping the re Nearly oppoſite Crane-court is
cords of chancery, called
SERJE ANTS IN N.
The Rolls, or Chapel for the cuſtody of Rolls or
Records in Chancery.
This inn conſiſts of a court ſurrounded with
handſome new buildings, among which are the
This houſe was founded by king Henry III. in ſociety's chapel and hall; and a very handſome
the place where ſtood a Jew's houſe forfeited to edifice belonging to the Amicable ſociety. The
that prince in the year 1233. In this chapel all officers belonging to this Inn are, a ſteward, a
ſuch Jews and infidels as were converted to the maſter cook, and a chief butler,
chriſtian faith, were ordained, and in the build On the eaſt ſide of Fetter-lane is Nevil's-alley,
ings belonging to it were appointed a ſufficient in which is ſituate the epiſcopal church of the
maintenance; by which means a great number of Moravians, properly called the Unitas Fratrum,
converts were baptized, inſtructed in the doc or United Brethren; an ancient German epiſco-
trines of chriſtianity, and lived under a learned pal church, who claim their ſucceſſion from John
chriftian appointed to govern them : but in the Hus and Jerome of Prague. They came into
year 1290, all the Jews being baniſhed, the num England about the year 1737, and have been
inftrumental
ears.
Tube

HISTORÝ and SÚRVÉ V of LONDON .
523
inftrumental in propagating the goſpel in our The preſent edifice was finiſhed in 1687, and
plantations on the continent of North America, is 105 feet in length, 63 in breadth, 43 in height,
where their ſettlements are reported to be an ex-
and a tower 110 feet high, erected in 1704, I.
ample to all others for their induſtry, fobriety, and has a conſiderable ſpace before it, which is en
chriſtian conduct both in faith and practice. tered by an elegant pair of iron gates. It is a
The north end of Fetter-lane leads into Hol neat building wiſh two ſeries of windows, and a
bourn, where, turning to the weſt, are the bars handſome baluſtrade round the top. The tower,
that in this quarter divide the city liberty from which riſes ſquare, conſiſts only of two ſtages,
the county ; and cloſe within theſe bars, on the and round the top is a baluſtrade with a pinacle
ſouth ſide of Holbourn, is
at each corner; on the crown of each is placed
a pine apple, from which riſes the fanes; and
S T A P L ES IN N.
the inſide is extremely neat and well.finiſhed.
Nearly oppoſite this church ſtands
This is one of the inns of Chancery, and
conſiſts of two large courts, ſurrounded with
E L Y HOUSE.
very good buildings.
More to the eaſt, on the north ſide of Holo This is the ancient manfion-houſe fro the city
bourn, ſtands
reſidence of the biſhops of Ely. The buildings
belonging to it are very antique, conſiſting of a
FURNI V A L's IN N.
large hall, ſeveral ſpacious rooms, and a good
chapel. Here is alſo a fine capacious court-yard,
This ſo called from its founder Sir William and a conſiderable extent of garden ground;
Furnival, knt, and is likewiſe one of the inns of though it is at this time greatly run to decay. It
Chancery. It is a handſome old building, which was originally given to the biſhops of Ely by
you enter by a large gate; and behind there is a William de Luda, biſhop of that fee in the reign
pleaſant garden.
of Edward I. by the name of the manor of
Proceeding ſtill eaſtward, on the ſouth ſide of Ouldborne, with the appurtenances ; on the ſpe-
Holbourn, we come to
cial condition that his next fucceffor ſhould be-
ſtow 1000 marks to provide maintenance for three
BERNARD'S IN N.
chaplains, to ſerve in the chapel there. But this
edifice is not the original building. Thomas
This is that inn of Chancery formerly called Arundel, biſhop of Ely, in the reign of Edward
Markworth’s-inn. The ſociety is governed by
III. and Richard II. rebuilt it, with a large gatea
a principal and twelve ancients, who, with the way and front towards the ſtreet.
other members, are obliged to be in commons a At this time there was a very large piece of
fortnight in two terms, and ten days in each of ground, the quantity of forty acres, or therea
the other, on penalty of forfeiting five ſhillings abours, of orchard and paſture, incloſed with a
wall, belonging to it, which falling to the crown
Bartlet’s-buildings is a very handſome ſpacious at the death of biſhop Cox, queen Elizabeth gave
place, graced with good houſes of brick, with that incloſed land to lord chancellor Hatton and
gardens behind them, and is principally inhabited his heirs for ever. The chancellor built a large
by gentlemen.
houſe upon the premiſes; which being removed,
A little farther from this on the fame fide is the ground was afterwards laid out into ſtreets,
and covered with very good and genteel build-
TH A V I E's IN N.
ings ; among which that called Hatton-garden is
reputed one of the handſomeft in or about Lon-
This is likewiſe an inn of Chancery, and was don. In this ſtreet is a mathematical ſchool
founded by John Thavie, eſq; who lived in the founded for charity children,
teign of Edward III. It is governed by a princi Leaving St. Andrew's church, and paſſing by
pal and eleven ancients, who, with the reſt of the the north end of Shoe-lane and the Fleet-market,
members, are to be cen days in commons in iffu we aſcend Snow.hill, where, turning to the right,
able terms, and a week in every other term. on the north fide, is ſituate the parochial church
Adjoining to this inn, and at the north weſt of
angle of Shoe-lane, is ſituate the pariſh church
of
ST. SE PU L CH R E.
ST. ANDRE W, Holbourn.
This church, which is ſo dedicated in comme-
This church, which is a rectory, was originally moration of Our Saviour's ſepulchre or grave at
in the gift of the dean and canons of St. Paul's || Jerufalem, is now a ſpacious building, but not
London, who transferred it to the abbot and con fo large as of old time, part of the ſite of it be-
vent of Bermondſey; and they continued patrons | ing let out upon a building leaſe; and for a garden
thereof till their convent was diffolved by Henry plot. It is fuppofed to have been founded about
VIIÍ. His majeſty granted this church to Thomas the year 1100, at which time a particular devo-
lord Wriothelley, afterwards earl of Southampton, tion was paid to the Holy Sepulchre. And it
from whom it deſcended by marriage to the late was ſo decayed in the reign of Edward IV. as to
duke of Montague, in whole family the patron require rebuilding. Roger, biſhop of Saliſbury,
age now remains, and is faid to be worth 6ool. in the reign of Henry I. gave the patronage of
per annum,
this church to the prior and convent of St. Bar-
tholomew
per week.
w

536
HISTORY and SURVEN of LONDON.
rances.
tholomew in Weſt Smithfield, who eitabliſhed a which confiderably increaſe the value of the
perpetual vicarage in this church, and held it till living
Their diffolution, when it fell to the crown. King The ſexton of this pariſh is the perſon, men-
James I. in the ſeventh year of his reign granted tioned before, that gives an admonition to the
the rectory and its appurtenances, and advowſon condemned criminals in Newgate the night be-
of this vicarge, to Francis Philips, &c. after fore their execution, which he repeats next
which the pariſhioners purchaſed the rectory and morning, as they are carried by St. Sepulchre's
its appurtenances, and held them in fee-farm of church-yard; and the great bell tolls, by way of
the crown. And the advowſon of the vicarage a paſſing bell, from fix to ten o'clock in the
was purchaſed by the preſident and fellows of St. morning on the day of execution.
John Baptiſt College, Oxon, who continue pa The government of this pariſh is in a veſtry,
trons thereof.
that conſiſts of all who have paſſed the office of
The preſent ſtructure was much damaged by conftable; and being divided into four precincts
the fire of London in 1666. The outward walls Within the liberty and one Without, that part
and the tower were capable of reparations; and Within the liberty has four churchwardens, five
the middle idle of the church was at the ſame time overſeers, and four ſideſmen ; that Without the
made with an arched roof, which was not ſo ori liberty has no more than one churchwarden, four
ginally.
overſeers, and two fideſmen.
This church, in its preſent ſituation, meaſures Oppoſite St. Sepulchre's church is Angel-
126 feet in length, excluſive of the broad paffage court, in which ſtands
at the weſt end ; the breadth, excluſive of the
north chapel, is 58 feet. The height of the roof
The Hand-in-Hand Fire-Ofice.
in the middle iſe is 35 feet; and the height of
the ſteeple, to the top of the pinnacles, is 146 This office was erected in the year 1696 for
feet. The body of the church is enlightened inſuring only houſes. Every inſurer ſigns a deed
with a row of very large Gothic windows, with of ſettlement, by which he is not only inſured,
buttreſſes between, over which runs a ſlight cor but inſures all that have ſigned that deed, from
nice; and on the top a plain and ſubſtantial bat loſſes in their houſes by fire. So that every per-
tlement work, in the ſtyle of the public buildings ſon thus inſured, is admitted into joint partner-
in the reign of Edward IV. And the ſteeple is a ſhip, and becomes an equal ſharer in the profits
plain ſquare tower, crowned with four pinnacles. and loſs, in proportion to their reſpective inſu-
The church-yard, which lies ſouthward, and .
reaches quite up to the pavement of the ſtreet, The conditions of inſurance are 25. per cent.
was formerly incloſed with a high brick wall, with premium, and 10s. depoſit on brick houſes, and
out allowing any footway for paſſengers on the double thoſe fums on timber houſes. No more
outſide ; but this wall was removed in the year than 2000l. to be inſured in one policy.
1760, and the church-yard laid entirely open. The buſineſs of this office is managed by
There is another church-yard or burial ground | twenty-four directors, who are choſen by the per-
belonging to this pariſh in Chick-lane, given by fons inſured, in rocation, and ſerve the office
Sir William Selby for the uſe of the poor for ever.
three years without any ſalary or reward. And
And in the ſame lane is a work-houſe for the poor this office keeps in its ſervice thirty fire-men,
of the pariſh.
who are protected from a preſs, and are annually
In the year 1636 the impropriation of this cloathed, and wear a ſilver badge, with two hands
church, held in fee-farm, was worth 440l. and I joined, and over them a crown.
the vicarage, endowed with a third part of the Oppoſite the ſouth front of St. Sepulchre's
fythes, &c. was worth 1791. 14s. 60. At preſent church-yard is an opening that leads into the
the vicar receives 200l. per annum, in lieu of Old Bailey ; on the eaſt ſide of which ſtands
tythes, as ſettled by act of parliament.
The donations to the poor of this pariſh for JUSTICE-HALL, commonly called the
ever amount to 250l. beſides which Mr. Cooper
SESSIONS-HOUSE.
gave fifteen facks of charcoal; and Sir Richard
Reeves left to this pariſh 100l. per annum for This is a plain brick edifice that has but little
to recommend it. A fight of plain ſteps lead
The ſtock of money given to the poor by up into the court-room, which has a gallery at
eight charitable perſons amounts to 500l. and each end for the accommodation of ſpectators.
eight others gave 1281. 155. per annum to provide The priſoners are brought to this court from
coals and fuel for the poor.srt Newgate, by a paſſage backwards which leads to
They have alſo two alms-houſes for their poor; that priſon ; and there are two places where they
one founded on Snow-hill, a little eaſtward of are kept till called to their trials; one for the men,
Cock-lane, by Edmund Hammond, eſq; in 1651,
and the other for the women. There are alſo
for fix unmarried men, who endowed them with rooms for the grand and petty jury, and other
7). 10s. per annum each, to be paid by the com accommodations,
pany of Haberdaſhers. The other is on the A court is held here eight times a year by the
fouch ſide of Gooſe-alley, near the middle, for king's commiſſion of oyer and terminer, for the
eight poor people, who receive from 5s. to 158. trial of priſoners for crimes committed within the
quarterly from the Armourers company.
city of London, and county of Middleſex. The
There are ſeven gift ſermons on ſet days, a judges are, the Lord-mayor, the aldermen paft
parſonage-houſe, and ſome glebe and perquiſites, the chair, and the recorder, who, on ſuch occa-
ſions,
ever.
a

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London.
2012
BENE
HERO
FEEDER
View of SURGEONS HALL Old Bailey
!
00
GUCC
TV1011111111111111
View of the COLLEGE of PHYSICIANS Warmick Lane).

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
537
ſions; are attended by both the ſheriffs, and by leading a lord by his horſe's bridle, till they came
one or more of the national judges. The offences into Weft-Smithfield; and then began a great
in the city are tried by a jury of citizens, and juſt, which laſted for ſeven days.
thoſe committed in the county by one formed of Alſo in the gth of Richard II. was the like
the houſe-keepers in the county.
great riding from the Tower to Weſtminſter, and
The crimes tried in this court are high and every lord led a lady's horſe's bridle; and in the
petty treaſon, murder, felony, forgery, petty morning began the jufts in Smithfield, which
larceny, burglary, cheating, libelling, the uſing lafted three days. Henry of Darby, the duke of
of falfe weights and meaſures, &c. che penalties Lancaſter's ſon, the lord Beaumont, Sir Simon
incurred by which are, the loſs of life, corporal Burley, and Sir Paris Courntney, all behaved
puniſhment, tranſportation, amerciamenes, &c. well.
Farther to the ſouth, on the fame fide, is In the year 1393, the 17th of Richard II. cer-
fituare
tain lords of Scotland came into England to get
worſhip by force of arms. The earl of Mar
SURGEONS H A L L. challenged the earl of Nottingham to juſt with
him ; and ſo they road certain courſes, but not
This building, which is extremely elegant, was the full challenge: for the earl of Mar was caft,
erected by the ſurgeons, after their feparacion both horſe and man, and two of his ribs broken
from the barbers. Ic has a baſement ſtory, wich with the fall; ſo that he was conveyed out of
ſquare windows. The principal floor is raiſed Smithfield, and ſo towards Scotland, but died by
conſiderably above the level of the ſtreet, and the way at York.
there is an aſcent to it by a double flight of ſteps; Looſe ſerving-men would commonly meet
under which is a door, level with the ground, for here, and make uproars and quarrels ; inſomuch
the convenience of bringing in dead bodies, ex that it was many years called Ruffians-hall, being
ecuted at Tyburn, for diffection. The face of the uſual rendezvous of ruffians and quarrellers,
this part is ruſtic work. At the height of the during the time that ſwords and bucklers were
ſteps is a range of Ionic pilaſters, within the uſed; when every ſerving-man carried a buckler
height of which there are two ſeries of windows, at his back, which hung by the hilt or pommel of
a row of large ones, with ſquare ones above. his ſword hanging before him.
The entablature of the Ionic pilaſters ſupports a Between Hoſier-lane and Cow-lane, in Smith-
plain attic courſe, crowned with vaſes.
field, anciently was a large pool of water, called
The ſurgeons, under their ancient incorpora Smithfield-pond, or horſe pool, from the water.
tion, authorized ren of their body examiners of ing of horſes there, and to the fouth weſt of
the ſurgeons of London during life. And it was which, in Cow-lane, where St. John's-coure is
ordained, that no perſon ſhould practiſe ſurgery ſituate, ſtood the gallows, or public place of exe-
in and within ſeven miles of London, before they cution, denominated the elms, from the great
had been examined and licenced by the ſaid com quantity of ſuch trees growing in that neighbour-
pany; and all thus licenced might practiſe ſur hood. But, the gallows being removed to the
gery in any part of England. Which authorities weſt end of the ſuburbs, this part of Smithfield
and privileges, and ſeveral others, were confirma was foon erecled into ſtreets, lanes, &c. among
ed to the company of ſurgeons by the act of par the firſt of which buildings was that ſpacious and
liament in 1745, which made them a ſeparate | lofty wooden edifice, denominated High-hall,
body, and did incorporate them by the name of formerly ftanding in the ſaid St. John's court,
" the maſter, governors, and commonalty, of This ancient ſtructure of wood and ſtone was the
" the art and ſcience of ſurgery of London.” city reſidence of the prior of Sempringham in
And by the ſaid act they were empowered to Lincolnſhire, as is evident by the writings there-
chufe a principal, maſter or governor, two other unto belonging, in the cuſtody of Sir Harry
governors or wardens, ten examiners of furgecris, Featherſtone, wherein the faid houſe is denomi-
and to have a court of twenty-one aſſiſtants. nated Sepringham head-houſe.
Oppoſite the north end of the Old Bailey is In latter times, when the ſpirit of reformation
Gilc-ſpur-ſtreet, which leads to Pye-corner. And in religion began to appear in this metropolis,
further to the weſt is Cow-lane, a broad and good Smithfield became the Aceldema, or field of
ſtreet for carts, &c. out of which comes Hofier blood. In the center of the ſpace now incloſed
lane, that runs into Smithfield, alias Weſt-Smith with rails many were burnt for their ſteady ad-
field.
hering to the principles of the goſpel, and op-
This place is ſo called from there being another poſing the doctrines peculiar to the church of
of the ſame name in the eaſtern environs of Rome.
London. It was anciently a much larger open At the ſame time, and all the time of which
field, and perhaps ſo called from one Sinith, the we have any mention of Smithfield, it was, and
owner thereof, or becauſe it was level and ſmooth, has been, and now is, a market-place for cattle,
which by corruprion might be called Smith, in hay, ſtraw, and other neceſſary proviſions; and
ſtead of Smooth field.
once in the year at Bartholomew tide, for a ge.
This place was uſed in very early time for jufts neral fair, commonly called Bartholomew-fair.
and tournaments : as appears in the 48th of Ed This privilege was granted to the prior of St.
ward III. when dame Alice Perrars or Pierce, the Bartholom ew by king Henry II. for a fair to be
king's concubine, as lady of the Sun, rode from kept yearly at Bartholomew.cide three ſucceſſive
the Tower of London, through Cheap, accom days, viz. the eve, the day, and the morrow;
panied by many lords and ladies ; every, lady to which the clothiers of England and drapers of
45
6 U
London

538
HISTORY and SURV E T of LONDON.
London repaired, and had their booths and ſtand by the late Mr. Hogarth, containing two pictures,
ings within the church-yard of this priory, cloſed repreſenting the good Samaritan and the pool of
in with walls and gate, locked every night, and Betheſda, which, for truth of colouring and ex-
watched, for the ſafety of men's goods and wares. preſſion may vie with any thing of its kind in
A court of pye-powder was daily, during the fair, Europe. And the frontiſpiece of this hoſpital,
holden for debts and contracts.
towards Smithfield, is adorned with pilaſters, en-
The fair kept here, inſtead of three days, was tablature, and pediments, of the Ionic order,
at length prolonged to a fortnight ; and became with the figure of king Henry VIII. ſtanding in
of little other uſe than for idle youth and looſe full proportion in a niche ; and the figures of
people to refort to, and to ſpend their money in two cripples on the pediment.
vanity; and (which was worſe) in debaucheries, To this hoſpital belongs an apothecary who
drunkenneſs, whoredom, and in ſeeing and hear provides and prepares what the phyſicians direct;
ings things not fit for chriſtian eyes and ears ; and the diſeaſed are duly viſited by them in their
many of the houſes and booths here ſerving only wards, where they are lodged, every morning
to allure men and women to ſuch purpoſes of im and evening, as there is need, each having a bed
piety. Therefore the magiftracy, often incend to himſelf; and, by the care of the matrons,
ing, at laſt fully reſolved, in the year 1708, to the wards are always kept neat and clean.
reduce the fair to that ſpace of time only, accord From the time this hoſpital was firſt incorpo-
ing to which it was firſt granted, that is, to three rated it began to flouriſh under the government
days ; and accordingly an order was made : and of the Lord-mayor, four aldermen, and eight
at a court of common council in June, the ſaid commoners; who had under them an hoſpitaller,
year, the order was confirmed; whereby the fair renter-clerks, butler, porter, matrons, twelve
was to be kept for three days only, for ſelling of fifters, and eight beadles; beſides three ſurgeons
merchandizes, according to the original grants in wages, and a miniſter,
from the crown ; which regulation, though it has Although the old hoſpital eſcaped the dreadful
been ſometimes broke, the chief magiſtrate of fire in 1666, yet, a great part of its revenues
lare years has ſtrictly obſerved.
being in houſes in London, ſuffered much there-
Though Smithfield is a very handſome ſquare, || by.
by. Notwithſtanding which, ſuch hath been the
furrounded by many good buildings ; yet the care of the governors, the diligence and induſtry
great number of cattle, horſes, ſheep, &c. which of the phyſicians and ſurgeons, and the ſupplies
are brought to this market every Monday and of ſeveral good benefactors, that there have been
Friday, and the want of proper care and regula yearly received many maimed and fick feanien
tion, has made the area a ſcene of filth and naſti and ſoldiers, with other diſeafed perſons, from
nefs. But it muſt be allowed, to be the greateſt divers parts of the kingdom, and many cured,
market in Europe for black cattle, horſes and and relieved with money and other neceſſaries, at
ſheep.
their departure, beſides their diet and lodging
On the eaſt ſide of this ſquare is fituate the during their cure.
magnificent building of
One of the piles of this building contains a
large hall, for the reſort of the governors at ge-
St. BARTHOLOMEW's HOSPITAL. neral courts ; a compting-houſe for the meeting
of the committees of governors, for the diſpatch
This hoſpital was erected for ſick and maimed of the buſineſs of the hoſpital : ſeveral roonis for
people; where great care is taken of them, and examining, admitting, preſcribing for, and dil-
all neceſſaries for food, lodging, attendance, phy- || charging the patients, and other neceſſary offices.
fic and medicaments, proper for their cure, ad The other piles contain wards for the reception
miniſtered; for they have good able phyſicians of the patients and their nurſes only.
and ſurgeons provided, belonging to the hoſpital, Within the precinct of this hoſpital, at the
who give their conſtant attendance, as occaſion north-weſt angle, ſtands the parochial church
requires ; and they have matrons and nurſes to of
look to the patients, and to ſee that they have
what is convenient, and what is preſcribed for St. BARTHOLOMEW the Leſs.
their health.
The ancient hoſpital, which , eſcaped the fire This church was founded in 1102 by the origi-
of London, becoming ruinous, it was found ab nal founder of the hoſpital for a chapel to it; but,
ſolutely neceſſary in the year 1729 to rebuild it. ac the diſſolution of the priory of St. Bartholo-
A plan for that purpoſe was formed, and a grand mew the Great, it was converted into a pariſh
edifice erected, by ſubſcription, which was de church for the inhabitants of the precinct of the
ſigned to be only one out of four noble detached ſaid hoſpital.
piles of building, to be afterwards raiſed, about This church is an old fabrick of 99 feet in
a court or area 250 feet in length, and 60 in length, 42 in breadth, 34 in height, and 74 in
breadth,
the height of the ſteeple. It is a vicarage in the
The original deſign has been ſome time com patronage of the Lord mayor, aldermen, and ci-
plered, and this hoſpital altogether forms a very tizens of London: and as this building eſcaped
elegant building, or rather buildings ; for the the great fire in 1666, ic is very ancient. The
fides which compoſe the quadrangle do not join at value of this living is about 120l. per annum,
the angles, as is uſual, but by four walls, each ariſing from the Chamber of London, which pays
having a large gareway which admits you into the vicar 131. 6s. 8d. and from caſualties, and
the area. Here is a ſtair-caſe painted and given the allowance paid by the hoſpital.
. The

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
539
. .
The veftry is general; and the pariſh officers This church is a ſpacious old edifice, of the
are only two churchwardens.
Gothic and Tuſcan orders, 132 feet long, 57
At the north eaſt corner of Duck-lane ſtands broad, 47 high, and 75 the height of the ſteeple.
the remains of the ancient priory of Sc. Bartho The patronage is in the earl of Holland ; and is
lomew, which is now a parochial church, and a
6ol
The
rectory, known by the name of
veſtry conſiſts of the miniſter, churchwardens,
ſuch as have ſerved churchwarden, and thoſe
ST. BARTHOLOMEW the Great. who have fined for all offices and are choſen by
the veftrymen. Here are two churchwardens, two
This was originally a pariſh church, and ſtood collectors for the poor, and two ſidefmen.
next adjoining to the priory church: but when Within this liberty is the ſtreet called Cloth-
the priory church was pulled down to the choir, fair, noted for woollen-drapers and mercers. And
that part, by the king's order, was annexed for. any perſon, though not a freeman of London,
the enlargement of the ſaid old pariſh church may keep a ſhop and exerciſe any trade or calling
thereunto adjoining; in which manner it was uſed within this pariſh.
till queen Mary gave the remnant of the priory On the eaſt side of Smithfield runs Long-lane
church to the Black-friars, who uſed it as their which communicates with all the eaſtern parts
conventual church till the firſt year of queen Eli through Cripplegate ; but is very badly built,
zabeth, when the friars were turned out, and all and indifferently inhabited by inferior ſorts of
the faid church, with the whole pariſh church, tradeſmen and publicans.
was wholly, as it ſtood in the laſt year of Ed On the north ſide of Smithfield is the great open-
ward VI. given by parliament to remain for ever || ing called Smithfield-bars, becauſe the city bars,
a pariſh church to the inhabitants within the cloſe that fever the city liberty from the county on that
called great St. Bartholomew's ; and ſo it remains ſide, are ſet up there. And on the north weſt
and is the ſame ſtructure as then exiſted, except corner are the ſheep-pens ; from whence are the
the ſteeple, which was then timber, and was ſeveral ſtreets and lanes that communicate with
pulled down and rebuilt in 1628, of brick and Holbourn, Snow-hill, and the Old-baily.
ftone.
CH A P T E R XVIII.
Of L A N GBOURN W AR D.
HIS ward takes its name from a rivulet Gracechurch-ſtreet; and from that ſtreet to
or long bourn of ſweet water, which Smith's buildings on the north ſide of the eaſt
anciently broke out of a ſpring near to end. And at 125 feet from the weſt corner of
the place where Magpye-alley adjoining to St. the ſouth ſide of Lombard-ſtreet, acroſs Grace-
Catharine Coleman's church now ſtands, which church- ftreet, and up the ſouth ſide of Fen-
ran down the ſtreet weſtward, and through Lom church-ftreet, as far as the north weſt end of
bard-ſtreet as far as the weſt end of St. Mary Mark-lane.
Woolnoth's church, where curning ſouth, and This ward is divided into twelve precincts; and
dividing itſelf into ſeveral ſhares, rills or ſtreams, is governed by an alderman, ten common-coun-
it gave name to Sharebourn-lane, called alſo cil-men, one of whom is the alderman's deputy,
Southbourne-lane, from its running ſouth to the ſeventeen inqueft-men, nine ſcavengers, eleven
river Thames; and by its ſpreading near the conftables and a beadle.
ſpring head, the contigious ſtreet became fo The two principal ſtreets in this ward are Lom-
ſwampy, mooriſh or fenny, eſpecially about the bard.ſtreet and Fenchurch-ftreet ; beſides which
church, which ſtood in the broad way between are the following lanes and alleys: St. Swithin's.
Mincing-lane and Rood-lane, that it was thence lane, Abchurch-lane, St. Nicholas-lane, St. Cle.
called Fenchurch-ſtreet. The ward alſo partook ment’s-lane; all which are on the ſouth ſide of
of the ſame name, and was enrolled in the city re Lombard-ſtreet: and on the north ſide are Pope's-
cords by the appellation of Langbourne and head-alley, Exchange-alley, Birchin-lane, and
Fenny about.
George-yard. On the ſouth ſide of Fenchurch-
It is bounded on the eaſt by Aldgate ward, and ſtreet are Philpot-lane, Rood-lane, Mincing-lane,
on the north by Aldgate and Lime-ftreet wards; and Mark-lane; and on the north ſide, Lime-
on the ſouth by Tower-ftreet, Billingſgate, Bridge, ſtreet, Cullun-ſtreet, and Smith's-buildings.
and Candlewick wards; and on the weſt by Wall We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward in Lom-
brook ward.
bard-ſtreet, ſo called from the Lombards, or
The eaſt and weſt limits of this ward are taken Italian bankers, who feccled there. This ſtreet
at 100 feet from the weſt corner of the north fide is throughout graced with good and lofty build-
of Lombard-ſtreet to 35 feet of che weſt ſide of ll ings, among which are many thac furpaſs thoſe in
other

540
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
other ſtreets; and is generally inhabited by gold churchwardens, two collectors and two ſideſmen :
ſmiths, bankers, and other eminent tradeſmen. and thoſe of St. Nicholas, two church wardens
At the eaſt end whereof, on the north ſide, near and one collector.
Gracechurch-ſtreet, is ſituate the parochial church The next opening on the north ſide of Lom-
of
bard. ftreet, proceeding to the weſt, is Birchin-
lane, principally inhabited by reputable tradeſ-
ALLHALLOWS, Lombard-freet. men, office-keepers and bankers. On the eaſt
ſide of chis Jane ſtands a building called
This church, which is a rectory, is of very an-
cient foundation, the advowſon whereof appears
Bag The LONDON ASSURANCE OFFICE.
to have been anciently in lay hands; for Briht-
men, a citizen of London, with the approbation This office was erected for aſſuring houſes and
of Stigand the archbilhop, and Godric the dean, other buildings, houſhold furniture, goods, wares,
gave the ſame, with an adjoining iné ſſuage, to the and merchandize, from loſs or damage by fire :
church of Canterbury about the year 1053. By except glaſs and china ware, not in trade, and all
virtue of which donation the righe of patronage
manner of writings, books of accompts, notes,
ſtill remains in the dean and chapter of that me-
bills, bonds, tallies, ready money, jewels, plate,
tropolitan church.
pictures, gunpowder, hay, ſtraw, and corn un-
The preſent building is neat, plain, and well ihraſhed; and for aſſurance of lives.
proportioned, and was erected on the ruins of This fociety was incorporated by letters patent
that conſumed by the dreadful fire in 1666. The granted by king George I. for aſſuring ſhips and
body is enlightened by a ſingle ſeries of large merchandize at fea; and for lending modey upon
windows, and the tower is terminated by a plain bottomry; in conſideration of which grant the
battlement.
corporation were to advance his majeſty 300,000l.
The veſtry is general; and the rector, beſides without intereſt, for the term of thirty years :
glebe, donations, and caſualties, receives 110). towards the raiſing of which, and paying the
per annum in lieu of tythes.
juſt demands that might be made upon their re-
Leaving this church, and proceeding to the ſpective policies, the company were empowered
weſt, we paſs through Ball-alley into George to raiſe a fum, not exceeding 1500,000l. to be
yard, chiefly inhabited by warehouſemen and called the ſtock of the corporation. And by a
office-keepers. And this leads us to the parochial fecond charter granted to this corporation in the
church of
the year 1721, they were empowered not only to
inſure ſhips, but houſes, goods, and even lives.
St. EDMUND the King.
This ſociety is under the direction of a gover-
nor, ſub-governor, deputy-governor and twenty-
This church is ſo called from its dedication to four directors.
St. Edmund king of the Eaſt Angles, who was For the timely affiftance of ſuch as are aſſured
barbarouſly murdered by the pagan Danes in the by this corporation, they have ſeveral engines and
year 870, for his ſtedfaſt adherence to the chrif watermen, with proper inſtruments to extinguiſh
tian religion. It was originally called St. Ed fires, and porters for removing goods, all cloathed
mund Graſs-church, becauſe of its vicinity to in
green; each having a badge, with the figure
the Graſs-market, at that time held there.
of Britannia holding a harp, and ſupported by
The firſt edifice in this place, and of this name, the London arms, to diſtinguiſh them from fer-
was built under the Saxon heprarchy; but the vants belonging to other offices, and the badges
laſt old church was deſtroyed in the fire of 1666, are all numbered. The ſame figure is affixed on
and the preſent ſtructure finilhed in 1690. The buildings, &c. aſſured by chis corporation.
length of it from north to ſouth is 69 feet, and More to the weſt on the ſouth ſide of Lombard-
the breadth from eaſt to weſt 39 feet. The altar Atreet, and at the corner of Sherborn or Sherbourn-
is placed at the north end. It has a ſquare tower, lane ſtands the pariſh church of
upon which a ſhort ſpire riſes, with its baſe fixed
on a broad lanthorn.
Sr. M A RY WOOL NOT H.
This rectory, the patronage of which is in the
archbiſhop of Canterbury, is united with chat of This church is ſo called from ics dedication
the next pariſh, called St. Nicholas Acons, whoſe to the above virgin, and its primitive fituacion
church, before the fire of London, ftood on the near the wool ſtaple, noth ſignifying neab, nigh
welt fide of Nicholas-lane; and was a rectory in or near. It is of ſome anciquity, as appears Ly
the gift of the abbot and convent of Malo:ſbury John de Norton who was rector thereof in the
in the year 1034, dedicated to a Syrian ſaint, year 1355. And from various circumſtances it
biſhop of Myrea.
is reaſonably ſuppoſed that here was originally a
Theſe united livings were ſettled by parlia heathen Roman temple, perhaps the temple of
ment at 180l. per annum in lieu of cythes. The Concord. For in digging the foundation of the
ſite of St. Nicholas church remains as a burial preſent edifice in the year 1,16 (which is one of
place for the pariſhioners; and adjoining, on the the fifty new churches appointed by parliament to
weſt ſide thereof, ſtands a well-built parfonage be erected within the bills of mortality) there were
houſe leaſed by the rector to the Society for Equi found a conſiderable number of cuſks and bones
table Aſſurances on Lives and Survivorſhips. of boars and goats; ſeveral pieces of metal,
The veftries of theſe pariſhes are general: and ſome teffelated work, pare of an aqueduct, and
the pariſh officers in St. Edmund's are, two a great variety of Roman earthen veſſels. They
alſo

ngroved for Chamberlains Hiftory of London .
重量 ​nim
ND
ISTIE
STEESVEER Bin
RELIIIIIIIIIII
LARI
HOHLRAUN
WA
11
tulevad
101)
mah DUE
1,
VIEW of STEDMOND the KING
Lombard Street
VIEW of ALHALLOWS
Lombard Street,
VIEW of STMARY WOOLNORTH
Lombard Street
4

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
$40
alſo found a well, full of dirt, which was no their ſtead; but theſe alſo not anſwering the end
ſooner removed, than a fine ſpring aroſe, in which propoſed, a general poſt office was erected by act
is placed a pump, with an iron baſon, and pro of parliament on the 12th of king Charles II. in
duces remarkable good water.
the year 1660, to be kept within the city of Lon-
The advowſon of this church was in the prio don, under the direction of a poſt-maſter appoint-
reſs and convent of St. Helen's in Biſhopſgate ed by the king.
ftreet, till, at the diſſolution, it fell to the crown; By this act the general poſt-maſter was em-
when king Henry VIII. granted it to Sir Martin powered to appoint poft houſes in the ſeveral parts
Bowes, in whoſe family it has ever ſince con of the country hitherto unprovided, both in
tinued.
poft and bye-road : the poſtage of letters to and
The old church was not entirely deſtroyed by from all places therein mentioned was not only
the fire of London: the ſteeple eſcaped the aſcertained, but likewiſe the rates of poft horſes
flames, and all the walls, except the north ſide, to be paid by all ſuch as ſhould ride poft.
were repaired. But in length of time falling At length, upon the union of the kingdom of
to decay, it was thought neceſſary to pull it down, England and Scotland, another act of parliament
and it was rebuilt in the year 1719, in a very paſſed in the year 1710, whereby the general poft
handſome manner with ſtone.
office was eſtabliſhed not only for the united king-
The ornaments and beauties of this fine ſtruc dom of Great Britain, but likewiſe for that of
ture are ſo covered and ſhut from the fight, by Ireland, and our plantations in north America
the neighbouring houſes, that the very tower can and the West Indies.
ſcarce be ſeen, except from the roofs of houſes,
and the oppoſite garret windows. On the eaſt
fide are three very large and lofty niches, adorn Rates for carrying letters to and from the ſeveral
ed with Ionic columns, and ſurrounded with bold
places hereunder-mentioned.
ruſtic: over theſe is a large cornice, upon which
is placed a baluſtrade. The entrance is at the Double letters to be paid for twice as much
weſt end, by a lofty ruſtic arch, over which riſes ás fingle; treble letters three times as
an oblong tower, ornamented with ſix compoſite
much and the ounce four times as much.
columns in the front, and two on the ſides : upon
this is raiſed a leffer tower of the ſame form,
s. d.
crowned with a baluſtrade; from the center of To or from London, not exceeding eighty
which riſes a flag.ſtaff, with a fane. The windows miles
3
are on the ſouth ſide, where che edifice is entirely To or from any place in England, above
ſurrounded with houſes.
eighty miles from London
This living was conſiderably improved by hav. To or from London to Edinburgh, Dum-
ing the pariſh of St. Mary Woolchurch annexed fries, or Cockburnfpath
o 6
to it; for the benefice was raiſed from 801. to To or from Edinburgh, not exceeding fifty
160l. per annum, in lieu of tyches, beſides 121. miles
o 2
per annum glebe and caſualties.
To or from Edinburgh, not exceeding eighty
The veftry is general in both pariſhes; and miles
each has two church wardens, two collectors for To or from any place in Scotland above
the poor and two ſideſmen.
eighty miles from Edinburgh
Adjoining to this church, and oppoſite the To or from London to Dublin in Ireland o 6
ſouth end of Pope's-head-alley is ſituate
To or from Dublin, not exceeding forty
miles
The GENERAL POST-OFFICE. To or from any place in Ireland, above
forty miles from Dublin
Of what antiquity the poſt is in this kingdom From any part of France to London
cannot eaſily be determined. Anciently the ma From London, through France, to or from
nagement of the foreign mails was under the di Spain or Portugal
rection of a ſtranger, who by the permiſſion of To or from London to the Spaniſh Nether-
the government was choſen by the foreigners lands
dwelling in the city, who even pretended to have From London, through France, to or from
a right by preſcription of chuſing their own poſt Italy, Sicily, or Turkey
maſter. However, in the year 1568 a difference From London, through che Spaniſh Nether-
ariſing between the Spaniards and Flemings in lands, to or from Italy or Sicily
London, each choſe their ſeparate poft-maſter ; From London through the Spaniſh Nether-
and this conteft occaſioned a repreſentation from lands, to or from Germany, and all parts
the citizens to the privy-council, to befeech her of the north
majeſty queen Elizabeth, to fill that important From London, through the Spaniſh Nether-
poſt with one of her Engliſh ſubjects..
lands, to or from Spain or Portugal
By the firſt accounts we find of the poſts eſta From London through the united Provin-
bliſhed for the convenience of this kingdom it ces, to or from Italy or Sicily
appears to have been managed by ſeveral private From London, through the united Provin.
officers who had their reſpective diſtricts. But ces, to or from Germany, and all ocher
great inconveniences ariſing from their different
parts of the north
methods of proceeding, they were ſuppreſſed, From London, through the united Provin-
and a certain number of public offices erected in ces, to or from Spain or Portugal
6
46
6 X
From
o 4
o 3
O
4
O
2
4
Ο ΙΟ
I 6
Ο 1Ο
I 3
I O
I
O
I 6
I O
I O
I

542
HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
10
I
I
I
O
4
and feven ſupernumerary forters; a window man
and alphaber keeper ; fixty ſeven letter carriers;
and ſeveral other officers and ſervants. In the
foreign office there is alſo a coniptroller, an al-
phaber keeper, a ſecretary and fix clerks.
The court in which this office ſtands is ſmall,
neat, and the building itſelf is large, handſome
and commodious.
Proceeding to the eaſt from the poſt office we
come to Abchurch-lane, Nicholas-lane, Cle-
ment's-lane, Nag's-head-court, Plough-yard, and
White-hart-court; all of which are well built,
and inhabited by people in the mercantile way,
and that have the buſineſs at the 'Change. White-
hart-court is remarkable for conſiderable dealers,
who are moſt of them quakers, and here they
have their principal meeting houſe.
Fenchurch-ſtreet is large and open, well built,
and inhabited by merchants and others. In the
middle of the ftreet, before the fire of London,
ſtood the ſmall church of St. Gabriel Fenchurch,
corruptly Fenchurch, not rebuilt, but the pariſh
united fu St. Margaret Pattens.
Here is an entry called Fenchurch-alley, ac
the upper end of which is the church-yard. And
at the ſouth weſt corner of this ſtreet is the
church of St. Bennet Grace-church, but not in
this ward.
On the north ſide of Fenchurch-ftreet is Lime-
ſtreet, about the middle of which, on the weſt
ſide, ſtands
O
$. d.
From London, through the Spaniſh Nether-
lands, or United Provinces, or from
Hamburgh
To or from London, to Spain or Portugal
by Packet boats
6
To or from London to Jamaica, Barbadoes,
Antigua, Montſerrat, Nevis, and St.
Chriſtopher's
6
To or from London to New York in North
America
To or from any part of the Weſt Indies to
New York
4
To or from New York, not exceeding fixty
miles
To or from New York to Eaſt New Jerſey
and Weſt New Jerſey, and one hundred
miles from New York
6
To and from Perch-Amboy and Bridling-
ton to any place not exceeding fixty
miles
4
To or from Perth-Amboy and Bridlington
to any place not exceeding one hundred
miles
6
To or from New York to New London in
New England and Philadelphia in Pen-
Glvania
9
To or from New London and Philadelphia
to any place not exceeding fixty miles
To or from New London and Philadelphia
to any place not exceeding one hundred
miles
6
To or from New York to Rhode Inand,
New England, Maſſachuſet's Bay, New
Hampſhire, and Maryland
To or from Newport, Boſton, Portſmouth
and Annapolis, and any place not exceed-
ing fixty miles
4
To or from Newport, Boſton, Portſmouth
and Annapolis, and any place not exceed.
ing one hundred miles
6
To or from New York to Salem, Ipſwich,
Piſcataway and Williamſburgh
3
To or from Salem, Ipſwich; Pifcataway
and Williamſburgh, not exceeding fixty
miles
4
To or from Salem, Ipſwich, Piſcataway
and Williamſburgh, not exceeding one
hundred miles
6
To or from New York to Charles Town,
the capital of north or ſouth Carolina i 6
To or from Charles Town to any place not
exceeding fixty miles
4
To or from Charles Town to any place not
exceeding one hundred miles
6
O
4
o
PE W T E R E R S H A L L.
1
O
O
O
I
The fraternity of pewterers was incorporated
by letters patent of the thirteenth of Edward IV.
in the year 1474. by the title of “ The maſter,
“ wardens, and commonalty of the art or myſ-
tery of Pewterers of the city of London."
And in the year 1534 the wardens of this com-
pany or their deputies, were empowered by act
of parliament to have the inſpection of pewter
in all parts of the kingdom, in order to prevent
the ſale of the baſe pewter, and the importation
of pewter vefrels from abroad. And as a farther
encouragement to this company, all Engliſh men
are by the ſaid act ſtrictly enjoined not to repair
to any foreign country to teach the art or myſtery
of Pewterers, on pain of disfranchiſement. And
for the more effectual preventing the art from
being carried abroad, no pewterer ſhall take as
an apprentice the ſon of an alien.
This corporation is governed by a maſter, two
wardens, and a court of affiftants; and is the
fixteenth in the city liſt of companies.
At the fouch weſt corner of Lime-ſtreet ſtands
the pariſh church of
O
O
St. D I O N IS Backchurch.
The office of poft-maſter is at preſent under
the direction of two commiffioners who have
2000l. per annum, and are affifted by a ſecretary
at zool. per annum, who has four clerks, Here
are alſo a receiver general, a comptroller of the
inland office, and his deputy ; a ſolicitor, a reſi-
dent-ſurveyor, two inſpectors of the miſſent lec-
ters ; fix clerks of the roads, and ań aſliſtant to
each. There is likewiſe a court-poſt, who has
40s. per diem, and a deliverer of letters to the
houſe of commons, at 6s. 8d. per diem; a clerk
of the bye nights, and his aſſiſtants ; ten ſorters,
This church is a rectory, dedicated to St.
Dennis, or Dionyſius, the Achenian aneopagite,
or judge, and now the patron of France. It
receives the additional epithet of Backchurch
from its ſituation backwards, or behind a row of
houſes, to diſtinguiſh it from St. Gabriel's church,
which formerly ſtood in the middle of Fenchurch-
ſtreet.
The

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
543
The patronage of this church was anciently in On the ſouth ſide of Fenchurch-ftreet is Mark-
the gift of the abbot and convent of Canterbury, | lane, on the weſt ſide whereof, near the north
but is now in the dean and chapter of that church. end, ſtands the parochial church of
The old edifice was burnt down in 1666, and the
preſent fabrick of ſtone was erected in its ſtead. ALLHALLOWS STAINING.
Since which time the rector, by act of parliament, This church is a very ancient foundation, de-
has received 12ol. per annum in lieu of tyches. dicated to All-laints, and is ſaid to have obtained
The veftry is general; and the pariſh-officers the name of Staining, from the corruption of the
are, two church wardens, two ſideſmen, and two word ſtoney, becauſe built at firſt of ſtone; when
collectors for the poor.
the other churches dedicated to all the ſaints were
On the fame fide of Fenchurch-ſtreer, and of wood. It was anciently a reciory in the pa-
near che north extremity of this ward, is a very tronage of the de Walthams and others, till it
fine brick building, adorned with pilaſters, archi was annexed to the abbey of Graces, near the
traves, &c. and is the hall wherein the buſineſs is Tower of London. With which abbey this church
tranſacted belonging to
fell to the crown, and was ſold to George Bing-
ley and others, who, on October 7, 4 Jac. I. had
The HUDSON's-BAY COMPANY. a grant of this rectory and pariſh church to be
This company was incorporated by king || heid of the crown in foccage : from which time
Charles II. in the year 1670, by the name and it became a lay-impropriation, and in the patron-
title of " The governor and company of the ad age of the Grocers company, in whom it ſtill
venturers. of England trading into Hudſon's continues. And though it is no more than a do-
Bay.” And the ſaid charter granted them, native or curacy, under this impropriation, it is
and their ſucceflors for ever, all the ſtreights, bays, a rectory in its nature, the tyches (which are 100l.
ſeas, rivers, lakes, creeks, iſlands, ſhores, lands, per annum) being paid, according to act of par-
territories, and places whatſoever, within Hud liament, to the incumbent.
fon's-ftreights and Hudſon's-bay.
This church eſcaped the fire in 1666; but it
This corporation carry on a conſiderable trade was fo old, that the body of ic fell down luddenly
to the above places by a joint ſtock, and have a few years after, and was rebuilt by the pa-
ſettled ſeveral ſmall factories, to which the natives riſhioners. The body is well illuminated with
repair with their furts, ſkins, and other commo Gothic windows, and the ſquare tower is crowned
dities of the country, which they exchange for
with a ſmall turret.
thoſe of England. The company is under the The veftry is ſelect ; and the pariſh officers are,
direction of a governor, depuiy-governor, and two church wardens, two ſideſmen, and two col-
ſeven affiftants.
lectors for the poor.
CHAPTER XIX.
Of LI M E-STRE E T W A R D.
T
church, nor whole ſtreet throughout it. And
the only things worthy remark are two; the firſt
of which is
LE A DENH ALL M A RKE T.
THIS ward is very ſmall, and takes its
name from the above ſtreer, which in
ancient times was the place where lime
was either made or ſold in public market.
The body of this ward is from the north end
of Lime-ſtreer, to the weſt ſide of Leadenhall-
ſtreet, on the ſouth ſide : and from the ſouth-
weſt corner of St. Mary-ax-ftreet to another cor-
ner facing Leadenhall. From the north corner
of Lime-ſtreet to the middle thereof is in Ald-
gate ward ; and the ſouth end, on both ſides is
in Langbourn-ward.
This ward is bounded on the weſt by Biſhopf-
gate ward ; on the eaſt and north by Aldgate
ward; and on the ſouth by Langbourn ward. It
is divided into four precincts; and is under the
government of an alderman, four common-coun-
cil-men, one of whom is the alderman's deputy,
four conſtables, thirteen inqueft-men, four fca-
vengers and a beadle.
It is very obſervable, that though this ward
runs through ſeveral pariſhes, yet there is no
This is the largeſt and moſt general market for
all kinds of proviſion within the city of London,
or perhaps in Europe. Beſides the principal en-
trance out of Leadenhall-ſtreet, there are ſeveral
others, three out of Lime-ſtreet, and the reſt out
of Gracechurch-ſtreet. The market conſiſts of
three courts or yards; the firſt of which is that
at the north-eaſt corner of Gracechurch-ſtreet and
opens into Leadenball-ſtreet.
This court or yard contains in length from
north to ſouch one hundred and ſixey-four feet,
and in breadth from eaſt to weſt eighty feet.
Within this court or yard, and round about the
fame, are about an hundred ftanding ſtalls for
butchers, for the ſelling of beef, and therefore
this court is called the Beef-market; many of
which

544
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
which falls are eight, ten, or twelve feet long, 1 pavement, On this ſpot formerly food a large
and four, five, or ſix fect broad, with racks, houſe, the habitation of a merchant, and an-
hooks, blocks, and all other conveniences for the ciently ſuppoſed to belong to the kings and
ſale of their meat; all which ſtalls are either un queens.
der warehouſes above head, or ſheltered from the St. Mary-3x goes out of Leadenhall-ſtreet,
weather by roofs over them. This yard is on and runs northwards to Canjomile-ſtreet by Lon-
Tueſdays a market for leather, to which the tanners don-wall. It is a ſtreet graced with good build-
do reſort. On Thurſdays the waggons from Col ings, and much inhabited by eminent merchants.
cheſter and other parts come with baize, &c. and Leadenhall-ſtreet is large, populous and well
alſo the felmongers with their wool; and on Frie inhabited ; but the houſes eſcaping the great fire
days it is a market for raw hides, beſides Satur in 1666, are not ſo elegant and uniforni as thoſe
days for beef, as alſo other proviſions.
of a more modern building. At the ſouth lide
The ſecond market-yard is called the Green of this ſtreet, at about 100 feet weſt of Lime-
yard, as being once a green plot of ground; af ſtreet corner, is ſituate
terwards it was the city's ſtore-yard for materials
for building and the like, but now a market only The EAST-INDIA HOUSE.
for veal, mucron, lamb, &c. This, yard is an
hundred and ſeventy feet in length from eaft to This building was anciently the ſite of a city
weſt, and ninety feet broad from north to ſouth manfion belonging to the earl of Craven, and
It hath in it an hundred and forty ſtalls for the his anceſtors. The front next the ſtreet is very
butchers, all covered over, and of the bigneſs magnificent, being a ſtrong ſtone building, with
of thoſe in the Beef-market. In the middle of
In the middle of pilaſters and entablature of the Doric order; the
this Green-yard market, north to ſouth, is a row reſt of it is very ſpacious, having large rooms for
of ſhops, with kitchens or rooms over them for the directors, and offices for the clerks. It hath
Fiſhmongers; and alſo on the ſouth ſide and weſt a large ball and court yard, for the reception of
end are houſes and ſhops for fifhmongers. To- people who have buſineſs here, to attend on the
wards the eaſt end of this yard is erected a fair company on their court days, which are every
market-houſe, ſtanding upon columns, with vaults Wedneſday and Friday. To this building belongs
underneath and rooms above, with a bell-tower. likewiſe a garden, withi warehouſes on the back
and a clock, and under it are butchers ſtalls. part towards Lime-ſtreet, into which there is a
The tenements round about this yard are for the back gate for the entrance of carts to bring in
moſt part inhabited by cooks, victuallers, and their goods. Theſe warehouſes were rebuilt in
ſuch like ; and in the paſſages leading out of the the year 1725, and have been greatly enlarged.
ftreets into this market are fichmongers, poulte The firſt Eaſt India company was eſtabliſhed
rers, cheeſmongers, and ſuch like traders for pro by charter in the reign of queen Elizabeth, and
viſion.
ſince confirmed ſeveral times, under the title of
The third market belonging to Leadenhall is “ The governor and merchants trading into the
called the Herb-inarket, for that herbs, roots,
Eaſt-Indies.
fruit, &c. are only there fold. This market is In 1698 a nother company was eſtabliſhed by
about one hundred and forty-feeţ ſquare. The act of parliament, and called, “ The Engliſh
weſt, eaſt, and north ſides have walks round “ company of merchants trading to the Eaſt
them, covered over, for ſhelter, and ſtanding “ Indies," who, upon their fettlement, advanced
upon columns; in which walks there are twenty two millions of money to the government, for
eight ſtalls for gardeners, with cellars under which they received eight per cent. intereſt.
them.
On the twenty-ſecond of July, in the year
Being rebuilt in the year 1730, it is now called 1702, for the mutual advantage and ſatisfaction
New Market, or Naſhe's Rents, and hath ſhops of both companies, an expedient was found out
in it chiefly for butchers, and a new paſſage into for the uniting of them, and a charter was grant-
Lime-ſtreet. There is alſo in this yard one range ed for that purpoſe. And by order of a court of
of Stalls, covered over, for ſuch as fell tripe, neats Lord-mayor and aldermen, held the twenty-fourth
feet, ſheeps trotters, &c. And, on the ſouch of April, in 4 Edward VI. the chamberlain of
fide, the tenements are taken up by victuallers, London was yearly to pay unto the ſcavenger of
poulterers, cheeſemongers, butchers, and ſuch Lime-ſtreet ward 20s. by even portions, out of
like. Beyond this are likewiſe fome ſhops, built the profits ariſing from the butchers ſtalls in Lea-
in the year 1730, in that part called the Old Ba denhall market, to keep the ſaid ward clean.
con-market, which are chiefly occupied by poul Beſides the warehouſes belonging to this build-
terers, and ſuch as deal in bacon,
ing, the company have likewiſe others in Seeth-
Lime ſtreet is a place well inhabited by mer ing-lane, Fenchurch-ſtreet, Leadenhall-ſtreet, the
chants and others of repute.
About the middle Steel-yard, Billiter-lane, the Royal Exchange,
of the ſtreet is a place called Queen’s-ſquare, or under the laſt of which they have cellars entirely
Queen's ſquare-paffage, as leading into Leaden for pepper, and ſome now building near White-
hall-market, a well-built place, with a free ſtone chapel.
СНАР.

HISTORY and SURV E r of LONDON.
$45
CH A P T E R XX.
Of
Ρ Ο R T S Ο Κ Ε Ν
WAR D.
T
gate ward.
HE word Portſoken ſignifieth the fran Eaſt; on the ſouth by Tower-hill; on the weſt
chiſe or liberty at the gate. It was by Aldgate ward; and on the north by Biſhopſ-
ſometime a guild, and had its beginning
in the reign of king Edgar, between feven and It is divided into five precincts, and is governed
eight hundred years ago, when thirteen knights, by an alderman and five common-council-men,
well-beloved of the king and realm, for ſervices including the alderman's deputy ; twenty-two
by them done, requeſted to have a certain portion inqueft-men, five ſcavengers, five conſtables, and
of land on the eaſt part of the city, left defolate a beadle.
and forſaken by the inhabitants, by reaſon of too In ſurveying this ward we hall begin ar White-
much fervitude. They beſought the king to have chapel high ſtreet, which for its dimenſions is to
this land, with the liberty of a guild, for ever. be numbered among the beſt in London. There
The king granted their requeſt on the following is, on the ſouth ſide, the greateſt market for
conditions, to wit, that each of them ſhould vic- carcaſes of beef, mutton, veal and lamb, in the
toriouſly accompliſh three combats, one above world. And in the part beyond the bars is a
the ground, one under ground, and the third in great market for hay and ſtraw three times a week.
the water: and after this, at a certain day, in The remainder of this ſtreet is principally taken
Eaſt Smithfield, they ſhould run with ſpears up with large inns, for the entertainment of tra-
againſt all comers; all which was gloriouſly per vellers, and the reception of coaches, waggons,
formed; and the ſame day the king named it &c. this being the great thoroughfare to the Ef-
Knighten Guild, and ſo bounded it from Ald ſex road, from whence the country people fupply
gate, to the place where the bars now are, to-
this marker:
ward the eaſt, on both ſides of the ſtreet, and Houndſditch runs out of the high-ſtreet north-
extended it towards the north, and the gate, now ward unto Biſhopſgate church; and takes its name
fince called B ſhopſgate, unto the houſe chen of from its ancient ſtate, a ditch, into which dead
William Preſbyter, after of Jeffry Tanner, and dogs, carrion, and all manner of filth uſed to be
then of the heirs of Colver; after that of John thrown. On the eaſt ſide of this ſtreet, fronting
Eaſeby; but ſince of the lord Bouchier, &c. the Minories, is ſituate the pariſh church of
And again towards the fouth, unto the river
Thames, and ſo far into the water, as a horſeman St. BOTOL P H, Aldgate.
entering the ſame, mighe ride ac low water, and
throw his ſpear: ſo that all Eaſt Smithfield, with This church is of very ancient foundation ;
the right part of the ſtreet that goeth to Dodding
the advowſon of which was originally in the pro-
Pond into the Thames, and alſo the hoſpital of prietors of the ward of Portfoken, who, in the
St. Catharine, with the mills that were founded year 1115, gave ir, together with the whole
in king Stephen's days, and the outward ſtone ward, to the prior and canons of Holy Trinity.
wall, and the new ditch of the Tower, are of Which grant was not only foon after confirmed by
the ſaid fee and liberty: for the ſaid wall and Henry I. but likewiſe by the pope and biſhop of
ditch were made in the time of king Richard I. London. But no ſooner was it appropriated co
when he was in the Holy Land, by William the trinity convent, than the cannons, inſtead of
Longchamp, biſhop of Ely.
appointing a curate, reſolved to ſerve the cure al-
In the year 1115, certain burgeſſes of London, ternately themſelves ; which they regularly per-
of the progeny of thoſe Engliſh knights, coming formed till the diffolution of their monaſtery,
together into the chapter-houſe of che church of when the ſame coming to the crown, queen Eli-
the Holy Trinity, gave to the ſame, and canons zabeth, in the year 1577, granted this church and
ſerving God therein, all the lands and foke, curacy to Robert Halywell, for a certain term of
called in Engliſh, Knighten Guild, which lieth years; and in the year 1588, to George Puttenham,
to the wall of the city without the ſame gate, and for another term of years; ſince which time the
ftretchech to the river Thames; they gave it impropriation has been held in fee of the crown.
(taking upon them the brotherhood and partici The old church eſcaped the fire in 1666,
pation of the benefits of that houſe) by the hands and ſtood till the year 1741, when it was taken
of prior Norman.
down, and the preſent edifice finiſhed in 1744.
This ward is ſituate entirely without Aldgate, It is built with brick, and is a plain maſſy, and
and contains all Whitechapel as far as the bars, yet elegant ſtructure. It conſiſts of a body of a
Petticoat-lane, Houndſditch, and the Minories. regular ſhape, and a lofty and well proportioned
It is bounded on the eaſt by the pariſhes of ſteeple, formed of a tower, and ſpire. But its
Spitalfields, Stepney, and St. George's in the greateſt ornament is the bold ruftic at the corners.
6 Y
This
46

546
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
This church is a donative or curacy; the pro called the Minoreffes, founded by Edmund earl
duce of which is accounted to be worth 7ool. per of Lancaſter, brother to king Edward I. in the
annum in tythes only.
year 1293; but being ſuppreſſed in the year 1539,
The veftry is neither ſelect nor general, all be. a number of houſes were erected in its ſtead, and
ing admitted who have either ſerved or fined for a ſmall church was built for the inhabitants, and
offices. And the pariſh officers are two church dedicated to the Trinity, whence it received its
wardens, and five overſeers of the poor, for that preſent appellation ; and the additional epithet of
part of the pariſh within the freedom ; and iwo Minories was added from the above monaſtery.
churchwardens and four overſeers for that part out The preſent church is a ſmall brick edifice, with
of the freedom.
a low tower crowned with a turret.
Here are two charity fchools; one in the free The patronage of this church has been all
dom, founded by Sir John Caſs, alderman for along in the crown ; but the income of the curate
fitty boys and forty girls. The other in Eaſt is ſaid to be ſo ſmall, as to amount to no more
Smithfield for forty boys and thirty girls, found than 251. per annum, beſides ſurplus fees.
ed by Sir Samuel Stirling, knight and alderman The veftry is general; and the pariſh officers
of the city of London ; who, by his laſt will and are, two church wardens, and one overſeer of the
teſtament, bearing date the ſeventh day of Au poor.
guft, A. D. 1673, gave certain copyhold lands From the little Minories is a narrow foot-way
and tenements, lying in Eaſt Smithfield, in the into Heydon-yard, on the eaſt ſide of which is a
pariſh of St. Mary Whitechapel, belonging to narrow entry into Manfel-ftreet, Goodman's-fields,
the manor of Stepney, in the county of Middle fo called from one Goodman, che land holder of
ſex, the rents amounting to the value of 221. that ground, were, about eighty years ago laid into
yearly, as a foundation of a charity-ſchool, for four principal ſtreets, viz. Manfel-itreet on the
the better education of the poor youths of the weit, Ailoff-ſtreet on the north, Lemon-ſtreet on
pariſh of St. Botolph's without Aldgate; which the eaſt, and Preſcot-ſtreet on the ſouth, with a
lands and tenements he ſurrendered for the uſe of ſquare piece of land in the middle, uſed as a ten-
his will to Mr. Corſellis, brewer; Mr. John Par ter ground. The buildings in thefe fields are in
fons, brewer ; and Thomas Heath, Scrivener ; || general very good, commodious, and high brick
truſtees of the ſaid charity. The ſchool maſter houſes.
to be a batchelor of arts of the univerſity of Near the ſouth weſt angle of 'Ailoff-ſtreet is a
Cainbridge, and to teach ſchool in a brick houſe, Preſbyterian meeting-houſe. And in Preſcot-ſtreet
which he, the ſaid Sir Samuel Sterling, built at is a plain neat building, inſtituted in the year 1758'
his own charge at the eaſt end of the town houſe, for the reception of penitent proſtitutes, and
or queft-houle, upon Little Tower-hill, in the founded by the name of
manor of Eaſt Smithfield. The ſchool-maſter to
be choſen by the inqueft of the ward of Portſo The MA GDAL EN-HOUSE.
ken, and the leet-jury of the manor of Eaſt
Smithfield. do dia
The objects of this foundation are women,
Leaving Houndſditch we pafs eaſtward through who, having been ſeduced and plunged into ruin
Gravel-lane into Petticoat-lane, formerly called by temptations, to which their youth, and per-
Hog-lane. The alleys and courts that branch out ſonal advantages had expoſed them, repent of
of theſe lanes, and Houndſditch, are in general their lewd way of life. The ſupport of it is by
very narrow, meanly built, and occupied by Jews || voluntary ſubſcriptions; and it is governed by a
and inferior artificers.
preſident, four vice-preſidents, a treaſurer, and
Petticoat lane runs from Whitechapel bars committee of twenty one ; five of whom conſti-
northward as far as the ground called St. Mary tute a quorum. The number of governors are
Spital. On both ſides this lane in ancient times, not limited; but the ſubſcriber of five guineas is
were hedge rows and elm trees, with pleaſant governor only for a year, whereas they who ſub-
fields to walk in ; and at that time the habitation 1cribe twenty guineas are governors for life.
of great men. Among whom, fo lately as in Ladies that fubſcribe are permitted to vote at all
the reign of king James I. we find Gondomar, elections, &c. by proxy. There is a chaplain
the Spaniſh ambaſſador. In this lane is a French who is to refide in the houſe, to read prayers, to
chapel ; and at the Boar’s-head is kept a baptiſt | preach on Sunday mornings, to attend the fick,
meeting
and inſtruct the family in the principles and du-
Oppoſite the front of the pariſh church of St. ties of the Proteſtant religion as by law eſtabliſh-
Borolph is a ſpacious, broad and long ſtreet, ed. There is likewiſe another preacher who offi-
called the Minories, which is inhabited by con ciates on Sunday evenings; on which occaſion
fiderable tradeſmen in moſt branches, but parti there is always a collection for the penitents.
cularly gunſmiths. The weſt ſide of this ſtreet is To this charity belong two phyſicians, two
almoſt entirely rebuilt, and ſeveral new ſtreets || ſurgeons, and three apothecaries, who are re.
opened croſs Vine ſtreet, which lead into Crutched- | quired to behave with the utmoſt humanity and
friars, and on the eaſt ſide is an arch or gate-way prudence. One of each is to attend the con-
into a diſtrict called Little Minories. In chis mittee, and make weekly reports. They are all
diſtrict is ſituate the pariſh church of
to attend in their own perſons, and no pupil, ap-
TRINITY in the Minories.
prentice, or fervant, ſhall at any time be admitted
into the wards; and even when the phyſicians,
This church ſtands on the ſpot where was an. furgeons, and apothecaries viſit che wards, they
ciendly an abbey of nuns of the order of St. Clare, ſhall be attended by the matron.
The

Engravede for (hamberlains History of London
mu
HE
S.' Trinity Minories
ten
S.Andrew Undershaft Leadenhallf"}S Margaret Paltons Little
Little Tower ftreeh
TI
HE
RURILOR
હાની નીતીeીતી રીગીરી
La
S'Mary Mehurch Mehurch Lane,a
S' Clements Eastehoape
Athallows Staining Critchard » Joyers.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
547
The matron is to direct the economy of the committee. No perſon admitted ſhall be allowed
houſe, and conftanily co relide in it. She is to to go out of the houſe without ſpecial leave in
fee that all the women are neat and decent in writing, figned by the treaſurer or chairman, and
their cloaths and perſons, and properly employed; two of the committee.
that they diſcharge their duty, and conſtantly 2. One or more wards are to be allowed for
attend divine ſervice : ſhe is to receive from the perſons newly admitced, where they are to remain
ſteward the materials for their work, and deliver ſome time for a trial of their behaviour. There
it back to him. She is to take care of the houſe ſhall be a ſuperiority of wards, according to the
hold linen, and what belongs to the cloathing; education or behaviour of the perſons admitted ;
to require from the ſteward ſuch proviſions as are and the inferior wards ſhall conſiſt of meaner per-
neceſſary for the houſe, and to ſee that they are fons, and of thoſe degraded for miſbehaviour. In
not given away or waſted. She is to keep the each ward they ſhall be claffed, and one appointed
keys of the outward doors, which are to be de to preſide and be accountable for the conduct and
livered into her hands after the doors are locked, behaviour of the reſt, and they fhall, by rota-
at ſeven in the winter, and nine in the ſummer; tion, do the neceſſary offices in their reſpective
and ſhe is to take care that the rules of the houſe wards, excepting the perſon appointed to preſide.
be ſtrictly obſerved, with regard to the time of They are alſo to perform the neceſſary offices of
reit, diet, hours of devotion, and every thing the houſe, as they ſhall be directed by the ma-
that relates to good order.
tron; and an allowance ſhall be made to ſuch as
The ſecretary is to keep the books, take mi perform theſe offices, out of the general produce
nutes at all meetings, to collect the annual ſub of the work done in the houſe, according to the
ſcriptions, and to give notice to ſuch ſubſcriber's proportion of the value of their duty and la-
who are more than one year in arrears, &c.
bour.
The ſteward is to reſide conſtantly in the houſe, 3. Each perſon is to lie in a ſeparate bed, and
and to follow no other employment chan what re have a cheſt for her cloaths and linen, under lock
lates to this charity. He is to receive the re and key to be kept by herſelf; and, where the
ſpective proviſions and materials for the employ room will admit of it, a ſmall cloſet or apartinenc
ment of the women, ordered by the committee, is to be provided for the retirement of the moſt
and inſpect the weight, meaſures, and quality ſerious and beſt behaved, in the intervals of their
thereof, and to make regular entries of them; to employment, and theſe alſo conſidered as the re-
keep an exact account of all the work done by ward of good conduct.
every reſpective woman, as the matron ſhall deli 4. Their true names muſt be regiſtered ;
ver it to him.
if deſirous of concealing themſelves, they may
The porter is not to receive any letter, mef have liberty to aſſume a feigned name.
ſage, or oiher thing into the houſe, or ſend out reproaches muſt be made for paſt irregularities,
any thing, without the knowledge or inſpection under the ſevereſt injunctions ; neither ſhall there
of che matron: he is co reſide in the houſe, and be any inquiries made into the name of families;
ftrictly to obſerve the inſtructions that Thall be but all poſſible diſcouragement given to every
given him, in regard to viſitors, letters, &c. kind of diſcovery that the parties themſelves do
The meſſenger is alſo to dwell in the houſe, and not chuſe to make.
to be employed in errand and out-door buſineſs : 5. Upon their admiſfion, if their apparel is in
but he is not to bring any letrer, verbal meſſage, any tolerable condition, it is to be cleaned, tick-
or other thing into the houſe, or to carry out any eted, and laid by, in order to be returned them
meſſage or other thing, without the knowledge or whenever they leave the houſe: but if ſuch ap-
inſpection of the matron.
parel be too fine for their ſtation, it ſhall be fold,
Neither the ſteward, porter nor meſſenger ſhall and the produce brought to their account. They
have any communication with the wards.
are to wear an uniform of light grey, and in their
No officer, nor ſervant of the houſe ſhall, re whole dreſs to be plain and neat.
ceive any money, fee, gratuity, or reward, be Each ward is to dine at a ſeparate table. The
matron is to dine at the head of the table of the
ſuperior ward ; and the head of each ward is to
Rules and regulations relating to the penitents. dine at the upper end of each table, and co ſay
grace.
1. That the method of admiffion be by peti 7: Each perſon is to be employed in ſome work
tion to the committee, the printed form of which, or buſineſs according to her ability, and have
with proper blanks to be filled up, may be had ſuch part of the benefit ariſing from her labour
gratis by application at the houſe. That every and ingenuity as the committee ſhall judge ſhe
peticioner be examined as to her health, by the deſerves; which ſum may be increaſed by the
phyſician, ſurgeon, and matron.
pe-
bouncy of the houſe, as favourable opportunities
tition is approved, it ſhall be wrote upon Found may offer for eſtabliſhing them in the world. The
proper, and ſigned by the chairman. Every per articles propoſed for their employment are,
fon, upon admiſſion, ſhall ſubſcribe to the rules making their own cloachs, both linnen and
of the houſe, and alſo enter into an agreement to woollen; knitting, ſpinning, making bone lace,
pay the ſum of ten pounds per annum for her black lace, artificial powers, childrens toys,
board, lodgings, and neceſſaries, which is to be winding filk, drawing patrerns, making women
void, provided ſuch perſon continues in the houſe and childrens ſhoes, mantuas, ſtays, coats, &c.
three years, or leſs time, at the option of the but no part of their labour is to be ſold in the
houſe,
As no
fides their wages.
When any per

548
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
1
houſe, but at fome other place appointed by the tain a reconciliation with their parents and friends,
committee. In their work, as in every other when their contract will be cancelled.
circumſtance, che utmoſt care and delicacy, hu 16. Beſides the vouchers abovementioned, and
manity and tenderneſs will be obſerved, that this the advantages ariſing from their labour, a boun-
eftabliſhrent may not be thought a houſe of cor ty may be given, at the diſcretion of the com-
rection, or even of hard labour, but a ſafe retreat mittee, to ſuch as ſhall be properly diſcharged.
from their diſtressful circuo ftances.
This gift ſhall be preſented not only to thoſe who
8. From Lady-day to Michaelmas they are to marry in a manner farisfactory to the committee,
rife at ſix and be in bed at ten; and from Mi but alſo to ſuch as ſhall fet up trades in whatever
chaelmas to Lady-day are to riſe at ſeven and be way they ſhall have gained a proficiency : ſo that
in bed at vine; and after that time no fire or can nothing ſhall be onliced which can promote the
dle ſhall be allowed, except in the ſick ward. great ends of preſerving life, of rendering that
9. They are to breakfaſt at nine o'clock, and life uſeful, and of recovering thoſe who are now
be allowed half an hour; and are to dine at one lost to the community.
o'clock, and be allowed an hour; they may The weſt end of Preſcoc-ftreet opens towards
leave off work at fix in the winter, and ſeven in the ſouth with a paffage into Roſemary.Jane, in
fummer.
which is a Baptiſt meeting-houſe; and at the
10. No governor, or any other perfon, fall fouth-weſt corner of Lemon-itreer, in Roſemary
be permitted to viſit the wards, or any of the branch-alley, is another of the ſame denomina-
wonen, without leave in writing firſt obtained tion.
from the treaſurer or chairman, and iwo of the On the north fide of Roſemary-lane, and at
committee, except in cafes provided for; and in the weſt end, ſtands a good ſet of alms-houſes
all caſes the matron to attend them.
lacely built at the expence of the Merchant-tay-
| 11. Abuſive or reproachful language, infolence lors company, for fourteen poor old women, who
or diſobedience to the officers, indecent or prc receive 163. per week, by the founder's will, and
fane expreſſions, and ſuch kind of curbulent con 81. 155. annually from the company. On the
duct, ſhall ſubject them to confinement in a ſouth ſide of this lane lies the ground called Eaſt
room Gx hours for the firſt offence. For the fe Smithfield, now divided into a great number of
cond offence they ſhall be admoniſhed publicly alleys, lanes, courts, &c. but in the reign of
by the chaplain and the macron; and the reft of king Henry III. was an open field, on which was
their own ward may be alſo appealed to for their held a fair, by royal grant, for fifteen days, viz.
diſapprobation of ſuch conduct. The third of from the eve of Penticoſt to che octaves of Tri-
fence ſhall ſubject them to be confined for twelve nity. And the ſaid king ſent his briefs to the fe-
hours, and to have but one ſpare meal during the veral ſheriffs of Lincoln, Glouceſter, Kent, Wor-
whole day, and if found to be incorrigible, then ceſter, York, Norfolk and Suffolk, and to the
to toifeit a certain proportion, or the whole, mayor and ſheriffs of London, to proclaim the
of what hath been acquired by their labour, at fame. 66 And therefore we command you, that
the diſcretion of the committee, and be ſubject you cauſe to be proclaimed the beforeſaid fair
to the conſequences of their diſagreement; and throughout the whole bailiffwick, as is aforeſaid;
to be diſmiſſed the houſe, and never re-admitted. cauſing all merchants of your bailiffwick to know,
12. After the continuance of any woinan in that they may ſecurely come to the fair. Wit-
the houſe three years, upon the modeſt and vir neſs the king at Weſtminſter, the eighth day of
tuous demeanor and induſtrious conduct of ſuch February.” 13 Henry III.
woman, or upon application of her parents or Between Eait Smithfield and Tower-hill once
friends, or any houſekeeper of fufficient credit, if ſtood a religious foundation, called by the ſeve-
ſuch friends declare they will forgive the paſt ral names of the New Abbey, the Abbey of
offences of ſuch woman, and will provide for her; Graces, and Eaſtminſter, founded by king Hen-
or if ſuch houſekeeper will receive ſuch woman ry III. On the ſite of this abbey, diffolved by
as a ſervant ; in either of theſe caſes the gover king Henry VIII. is founded and built the king's
nors may diſcharge ſuch woman with her con-
fent.
VICTUALLING OFFICE.
13. Upon the diſcharge of ſuch woman, her
cloachs, or, if ſold, the produce of them, ſhall This building, which ſtands on the upper part
be returned to her, together wich whatever may of Little Tower-hill, near the end of King-
be due upon her account, and a cercificate given ſtreet, contains houſes for the lodging of certain
her, under the hands of the treaſurer, or the pre officers, ſeparate apartments for offices, ſtore-
fident, and two or more of the committee, of her rooms, Naughter-houſes for oxen and hogs, a
conduct and behaviour during the time of her be brewhouſe, and a houſe for ſalting and barrelling
ing in the houſe.
proviſions.
14. Every woman who ſhall be placed in a fer The buſineſs of this office is under the direction
vice from this houſe, and ſhall continue one whole of leven commiſſioners who have each 400l. per
year in ſuch ſervice, to the entire approbation of annum, and a ſeparate department ; under whoni
ſuch maſter or miſtreſs, upon its being made ap is a ſecretary, accomptanns, clerks, ſurveyors, and
pear 19 che ſatisfaction of the committee, they other officers and ſervants. In this office all
may give the woman a gratuity not exceeding two fers, and others intruſted with the public ſtores of
guineas, as a reward for her good behaviour. proviſions, or contract for them, are to paſs their
15. The conmittee will, upon the good beha . accounts. Farther matters reſpecting Tower-hill
viour of the women, intereſt themſelves to ob will be deſcribed in their proper place.
CHAP.
Purs

HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON. 'I
549
I 2 SMO 2 PM
set e bonis
gesto bons daba
no dobu v piatto totis shid ja hom os crimoivat mon
odnomous domingo 520
Non apo u nedomldsistasund 10 1909
156 DUI FETES ha od CH A P T E R XXI. ni bordil esW dwda A
Melbo hlediErt 52
Sortti
Of QUEEN HITHE WA RD. non los
has 17 ha
THIS ward receives its name from the cation to the above-mentioned faint ; but the rea-
hithe or harbour for large boats, barges, ſon of the additional epithet is not known, fome
or lighters, and even for ſhips, which conjecturing it to be a corruption of Golden-
in ancient times anchored at that place, as they | Abbey, and others that it is derived from Cold-
do now at and near Billingſgate. It bears the ad. || abbey, or Coldbey, from its cold or bleak fitu-
ditional epithet of queen, from the queens of ation. It is known that there was a church in the
T
England uſually poffefing the tolls
and cuſtoms of fame place before the year 1383: but the daft
ward
, on the north
by Bread-freer and Cord roof, and one hundred
and thirty-five to the top
conſiderable ; and all veſſels laden with corn and tion in 1666, che preſent church was built in its
fiſh were obliged to unload at this hithe, and no place, and the pariſh of St. Nicholas Olave united
where elſe. It is now a great meal-market, well to it.
Minimurria
furniſhed with conveniences to depoſit goods This edifice conſiſts of a plain body well en-
brought hither by water to be ſold ; and with a lightened by a ſingle range of windows decently
commodious market-houſe.
ornamented. It is fixty-three feet long, and forty-
This ward is bounded on the eaſt by Dowgate- || ty-three feet broad; thirty-ſix feet high to the
, , of the ſpire. The tower is plain, but ſtrength-
on the weſt by Caſtlebaynard ward. It is divided ened with ruſtic at the corners; and the ſpire,
into nine precincts; and is governed by an alder which is of the maffy kind, has a gallery and
man, fix common-council-men including the al openings-
derman's deputy and nine conſtables.
The advowſon of this rectory was antiently in
The extent of this ward beginneth on the ſouth the dean and chapter of Sr. Martin's-le-Grand;
ſide of Knightrider-ſtreet, and runneth weſt to a but upon the grant of that collegiate church to
lane called Lambert-hill; out of Knightrider the abbot and canons of Weſtminſter, the pa-
ſtreet are divers lanes running fouth to Thames tronage devolved to that convent, in whom it
ftreet. The firſt is Trinity-lane, which runneth continued till the diffolution of their monaſtery ;
down by the weſt end of Trinity-church. There when coming to the crown it remained therein,
is Spuren-lane, or Spooners-lane, now called till queen Elizabeth, in the year 1560, granted
Huggen-lane : then Bread-ſtreet-hill: then St. the patronage thereof to Thomas Reeve and
Mary Mounthaut ; out of which lane, on the George Evelyn, and their heirs in foccage, who,
eaſt ſide thereof, is one other lane, turning eaſt conveying it to others, it came at laſt to the
through St. Nicholas Olave's church-yard to family of the Hackers ; one whereof was colonel
Breadſtreet-hill. This lane is called Finimore Francis Hacker, commander of the guard
lane or Five-foot-lane, becauſe it is but five foot that conducted king Charles I. to and from
in breadth at the weſt end. In the middle of his trial, and at laſt to the ſcaffold ; for which,
this lane runneth down one other lane, broader, after the reſtoration, he was executed as a traitor,
fouth to Thames-ſtreer, called Deſborne, lane. when the advowſon reverted to the crown, in
On the north ſide, coming from Knightrider whom it ſtill continues. The rector, beſides his
ſtreet, it takes in all the eaſt ſide of Lambert-hill, other profits, receives 1301, a year in lieu of
and ſo much of the weſt ſide as from the north tythes. The church of St. Nicholas Olave ſtood
end of Blackſmith's-hall to Thames-ſtreet, and where the church yard is now, on the weſt ſide of
ſo much of Thames-ſtreet as three doors weſt Bread-ſtreet-hill; the advowſon of which is in the
from the Old-Swan brewhouſe, in the eait unto crown and the dean and chapter of St. Paul's,
Huntingdon-houſe, over againſt St. Peter's church who preſent alternately. The veftries of theſe
in the weſt, near unto Paul's-wharf, and on the pariſhes are general; and each has two church-
lane ſide from the Blue-boar to the weft end of wardens and two collectors or overſeers of the
St. Peter’s-church, and up St. Peter's-hill two poor.
voda zwobarw glon 1100 951 19 yar
houſes north above the ſaid church. * to lais
is a Thames-ſtreet runs through the heart of this
We ſhall begin the furvey of this ward at Old ward, and contains, on the ſouth ſide, ſeveral
Fiſh-ſtreet, (otherwiſe called Labour-in-vain-hill, lanes that lead down to Wood-wharf, Broken-
from the difficulty of carriages afcending it) at
wharf, Brooker’s.wharf, Brook's-wharf, Queen-
the north weſt angle of which is ſituate the pariſh | hithe, and other places on the Thames fide; on
church of
which account this diviſion is greatly thronged
with carts employed in carrying goods and mer-
ST. NICHOLAS Cole- Abbey. chandize.
| In this ſtreet, oppoſice Broken-wharf, is ſituate
9 This church is ſo denominated from its dedi the pariſh church of
46
6 Z
ST

HIS TOR Y and SURVETO of LONDON. T
was
trons.
ST. MAR Y SOMERS E T. This church has all along been in the gift of
the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, and is ſub-
This church takes the addicional epithet of ject to the archdeacon. On its being rebuilt the
Somerſec from its vicinity to Sumnor's bet, or hithe, pariſh of the Trinity was united to it, by which
a ſmall port or haven reſembling that of Queen the rector's fees were conſiderably augmented, he
hiche. A church was ſituated in this place before receiving, beſides other - advantages, 160l. per
the year 1335; but the old edifice ſharing the annum, in lieu of tyches.
fate of moft of the other public buildings, in Trinity church was ſituate at the north-eaſt
the fire of London, the preſent ftructure w corner of Trinity-lane, where at preſent ſtands
eiected in its ſtead.
the Sweediſh, otherwiſe called the Lucheran
The body of this edifice is enlightened by a church. It was in che gift of the dean and chap-
range
of lofty arched windows, and the wall is ter of Canterbury, ſo that the living of the united
terminated by a baluſtrade. A well proportioned pariſhes is alternately in the gift of thoſe two pa-
ſquare cower riſes to a conſiderable height, and is
crowned with a handſome vafe at each corner, On the weſt ſide of Trinity-lane, at the corner
fupported on a very ornamental pedeſtal, with a of Huggen-alley, ſtands
handſome turret between in the form of an obe-
liſk, each ſupported on the ſame kind of pedeſ PAINTER STAINERS HALL.
tal as the vales, and crowned with a ball.
This church is in the gift of a lay patron, and This hall is adorned with a handſome ſcreen,
being united to St. Mary Mounthaw, which is in arches, pillars, and pilaſters of the Corinthian
the gift of the biſhop of Hereford, they preſent order, painted in imitation of porphyry, with gilt
alternately to this living, which is rated by act of capitals
. The pannels are of wainſcot, and the
parliament at 11ol. per annuin, in lieu of tyches, ceilings are embellished with great variety of hiſ,
and 301. in glebe.
tory and other paintings, exquiſitely performed ;
The veftry of St. Mary Somerfet is ſelect, con amongſt which are che portraits of king Charles
fiſting of about twenty; and the pariſh officers II. and his queen Catherine, by Mr. Houſeman.
are, two church wardens, four overfeers, two col In this court room are ſome fine pictures, moſt
lectors, and two ſideſmen,
of which are portraits of che members of the
The veftry of St. Mary Mounthaw is general, company; and in the front of the room is a fine
and there are only two church wardens. It was buft of Mr. Thomas Evans, who left five houſes
called Mounthaw, or Mountauts, or Montalto, || in Baſinghall-ſtreet to the company.
from the founder, belonging to a family in Nor Mr. Camden, the famous antiquarian, gave
folk of that name. The ſite of the church, which the Painter Stainers company a ſilver cup and co-
is on the eaſt ſide of Filhſtreet-hill, is at this ver, which they uſe every St. Luke's day at their
time uſed only as a burial place for the inhabi election; the old maſter drinking to the one then
elected, out of it. On this cup is the following
On the north fide of Thames-ſtreet, at the inſcription : Gal. Camdenos Clarenceux filius Samp.
ſouth-weſt angle of Litcle Trinity-lane, is ſituate foris pi&oris Londinenſis dono dedit.
the pariſh church of
sit bos srlar 99 10-5 This company was incorporated by letters pa-
tent granted by queen Elizabeth in the year 1582,
St. MICHAEL, Queenhithe. by the name of " The maſter, wardens and com-
monalty of the freedom of the art and myf-
re About the year 1181 this church was denomi-
tery of painting, called painter-ſtainers, within
nated St. Michael de Cornhithe, which may lead “ the city of London ;” and is governed by a
us to the origin of the name by which we at pre maſter, two wardens, and a court of affiftants,
fent call that wharf, and this church from its li who have a conſiderable livery, and is numbered
cuation it of brought the twenty-eighth in the city liſt of companies,
thither down the Thames might occaſion the ori 1 Lambert-hill is well built, and inhabited by
ginal name, and Queenhithe be only a corrupt private families. On the hill ſtands a handſome
way of ſpeaking it, po e biry dogs are building called To Etudeniniai
The old church being conſumed by the dread 91 cicob sodas 35" un i to
ful fire in 1666, the preſent ſtructure was erected BLACKSM I T HS H A L L.
in its ſtead. It conſiſts of a well proportioned laura
RF 340 sotto
body, enlightened by two ſeries of windows, the The company of Blackſmiths is very ancient
firſt a range of call arched ones, and over theſe a by preſcription, but was not incorporated till the
range of large port-hole windows, above which reign of queen Elizabeth, in the year 1571, by
are cherubims heads, and underneath feſtoons, the title of “ The keepers or wardens and ſociety
that adorn the lower part, and fall between the 5 of the art and myſtery de les Blackſmiths.
tops of the under ſeries. The tower is plain but It is a livery company, the 40th in the city liſt,
well proporcioned, and is terminated by a ſpire and is governed by a maſter, three wardens and
crowned with a fane in the form of a little chip. a court of affiftants.
tants,
- Las hor gui: 199 ti stogasan new
ostbare
Ooit west cogo:591 adeI.
Tout
6b asi stort bortions of a dote
CHAP.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
5st
2
CH A P T E R XXII.
Of TOWER-STRE E T WAR D.
T
HIS ward takes its name from the prin- || ſeven feet in length, fixty-three in breadth, and
cipal ſtreet therein, which leadeth out of thirty-three in height to the roof. It is well
the city in a direct line to the grand en lightened, and agreeably diſpoſed within. The
trance into the Tower of London, and is the firſt ſteeple is 125 feet high, and well conſtructed in
ward' in the ſouth eaſt part of the city.
the Gothic manner. Tlte tower is light, ſup-
It is bounded on the eaſt by Tower-hill and ported by outworks at the angles, and divided
part of Aldgate ward, on the north by Lang into three ſtages, terminating at the corners by
bourn ward, on the weſt By Billingſgate ward, four handſome pinnacles ; in the midſt of which
and on the ſouth by the river Thames. It extends riſes the ſpire, on the narrow crowns of four Go-
from the Tower of London in the eaſt, to the chic arches, a bold actempt in architecture, and is
middle way between Great Dice-key and Smart's one proof, among many, of the great geometri-
key in the weft; and from the weſt corner of cal ſkill of the architect, Sir Chriſtopher Wren,
Tower-dock in the fouth, to within ſeventy-feet who built this light and elegant tower.
of the north end of Rood-lane in the norch, in The patronage of this rectory was anciently in
which are contained a great number of ſtreets, the prior and canons of Canterbury, who in the
lanes, &c. as, part of Thames-ſtreet, Seeching. year 1365 granted the fame to Simon their arch-
lene, Mark-lane, Mincing-lane, Hart-ftreet, biſhop, and his ſucceſſors, in whom it ſtill re-
Idle lane, St. Dunſtan’s-hill, Harp-lane, Beer mains, and is one of the thirteen peculiars in
lane, &c.
this city belonging to the archiepiſcopal fee of
This ward is divided into twelve precin&ts ; | Canterbury.
and is governed by one alderman, twelve common The value of this living is ſettled by act of
council-men, (one of whom is the alderman's parliament, at 240l. per annum, in lieu of tyches.
deputy) tuelve conftables, thirteen inqueſt-men, The veſtry is ſelect, and the pariſh officers are,
twelve ſcavengers and a beadle.
two churchwardens and two overſeers.
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward at On the north ſide of this church is the
Thames-Atreet, which is a place of conſiderable
trade, and occupied by great dealers as well
wholeſale as retail. Though this ſtreet is very
COA L-
METERS OFFICE.
broad, yet the inhabitants are greatly annoyed
with carts, employed by the merchants to carry In this office are entered all ſhips that arrive in
their goods to and from the keys. That part of the port of London with coals; and to which be-
Thames-ſtreet which is in this ward goeth not ſo long fifteen maſter-meters, who appoint a fuffi-
far as Billingſgace, and contains the following || cient number of perſons to meaſure the coals
keys or wharfs, viz. the Tower-dock, Brewers- brought by the ſaid ſhips, to prevent impoſitions,
key, Galley-key, Cuſtom-houſe-key, Potters which would otherwiſe happen both to the king
key, Wiggins-key, Ralphs-key, Temple-key, and ſubject, in reſpect to the duty and meaſure.
Litcle Dice key, Great Dice. key, Smarts-key; Thele maſter-meters have each four deputies
all which are uſed for the lading and unlading or under coal-meters, who muſt be approved of
merchandize, &c.
by the Lord-mayor and aldermen, as upon them
The firſt avenue at the weſt end of Thames the care of weighing and meaſuring coals, prin-
ſtreet, on the north lide, is Idle-lane, between cipally depends; their buſineſs being to attend
which, and Dunſtan’s-hill, ſtands the beautiful | each ſhip, to top the vats, and to return an ac-
church of
count of the coals meaſured to the coal-office, in
order to aſcertain and collect the duties. For
St. D UNST A N in the Eaft. which trouble they receive one penny per
chal-
dron for all coals meaſured, and two pence per.
This church is dedicated to St. Dunstan arch ton for all coals weighed. Both the principal and
biſhop of Canterbury, an implacable enemy and under-meters cake an oath, at their admiſſion into
cruel perſecutor of the fecular clergy, in favour | office, to give a juſt meaſure to rich and poor,
of the regulars; and the additional epithet, the without partiality or favour ; to buy no coals ex-
Ecft is given ic, to diſtinguiſh it from St. Don- || cept for his own uſe, nor to ſell any coals while in
ſtan's in Fleet-ſtreet. It Juffered greatly by the that office, nor to take any more for their trouble
fire of London in 1666, but was thoroughly re than was anciently allowed.
paired in eighteen months after, chough the Farther co che eaſt is Harp-lane, a great tho-
steeple was delayed ten years longer.
roughfare for carts from the keys: on the eaſt
It is bui į in the modern Gothic Mile, eighty- | fide of which ſtands
BAKERS
"

552
Morro
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
B A K E RS HALL.
The inner part is well diſpoſed, and ſufficiently
enlightened; and the entrances are ſo well con-
This is a plain edifice, and was originally the crived, as to anſwer all the purpoſes of conveni-
dwelling-houſe of John Chicheley, chamberlain ence for the tranſaction of ſuch extenſive buſi-
of London.
neſs.
The fraternity of Bakers appears to be of The government of the Cuſtom-houſe is under
great antiquity; for in the year 1155, it was the care of nine commiſſioners, who are intruſted
charged in the great roll of the exchequer, with with the whole management of all his majeſty's
a debt of one mark of gold, for their guild ; cuſtoms in all the ports of England, the petty
by which it ſeems as if the ancient guilds had held farms excepted, and alſo the overſight of all the
their privileges in fee farm of the crown. This | officers belonging to them. Each of theſe com-
company, however, was not incorporated till miffioners has a falary of 1000l. per annum, and
about the year 1307, which charter was renewed both they, and ſeveral of the principal officers
by Henry VII. and confirmed by divers of his under them, hold their places by patent from the
fucceffors. But when, or by whom their arms king. The other officers are appointed by war-
were at firſt granted does not appear; though it
rant from the lords of the treaſury.
muſt have been before the year 1590, becauſe in It is obſervable that in the year 1590 the cuſ-
that year their creſt and ſupporters were granted toms and ſubſidies in the port of London inwards,
by Clarencieux king at arms.
were let to farm to Mr. Thomas Smith, for
This
company is incorporated by the name of 20,000l. per annum, when it was diſcovered that
“ The maſter and wardens of the myſtery or art
they amounted annually to 30,309 1. ſo that queen
« of Bakers of the city of London;" and is
go Elizabeth loſt every year 10,3091. but by the vaſt
verned by a maſter, four wardens, and a court of increaſe of commerce ſince that time, they at pre-
alliftants. It is a livery company, and is numbered fent bring in above one hundred times as much,
the nineteenth in the city liſt.
the cuſtoms now annually amounting to above two
Near the ſouth-eaſt angle of Thames-ſtreet, millions; and yet this immenſe buſineſs is tranf-
fronting the wharfs and river, is ſituate
acted with as niuch order and regularity, as the
common affairs of a merchant's compting-houſe.
The CUSTOM HO U S E. Oppoſite Cuſtom-houſe key is Water-lane,
which leads up a winding hill to Tower-ſtreet.
This is a commodious building, erected for About the middle of this lane, on the weſt ſide,
the receipt of his majeſty's cuſtoms on goods im- || is a handſome and large building, called the
ported and exported. In ancient times the buſi-
neſs of the Cuſtom-houſe was tranſacted in a TRINITY-House OF DEPTFORD STROND.
more irregular manner at Billingſgate : but in the
year 1559, an act being paſſed that goods ſhould This fociety was founded in the year 1515, by
be no where landed, but in ſuch places as were Sir Thomas Spert, knt. commander of the ſhip
appointed by the commiſſioners of the revenue, Henry Grace de Dieu, and comptroller of the
this was the ſpot fixed upon for the entries in the navy to Henry VIII. for the regulation of ſea-
port of London, and here a cuſtom-houſe was or men and convenience of ſhips and mariners on
dered to be erected. It was, however, deſtroyed our coaſt; and incorporated by the abovemen-
by the fire of London in 1666, and was rebuilt tioned prince, who confirmed to them not only
with additions two years after by king Charles II.
the ancient rights and privileges of the company
in a much more magnificent and commodious of mariners of England, but their ſeveral pof-
manner, at the expence of 10,000l, but thac be. ſeſſions at Deptford; which together with the
ing alſo deſtroyed in the ſame manner in 1718, grants of queen Elizabeth and king Charles II.
the preſent ſtructure was erected in its ſtead. were alſo confirmed by letters patent of the firſt
This edifice is built with brick and ſtone, and of James II. in 1685, by the name of “ The
is calculated to ſtand for ages. It has underneath, " maſter, wardens and aſſiſtants of the guild or
and on each ſide, large warehouſes for the recep " fraternity of the moſt glorious, and undivided
tion of goods on the public account, and that ſide “ Trinity, and of St. Clement in the pariſh of
of the Thames, for a great extent is filled with “ Deptford Strond in the county of Kent.
wharfs, keys, and cranes for landing them. It This corporation is governed by a maſter, four
is one hundred and eighty-nine feet in length ; wardens, eight aſſiſtants, and eighteen elder
the center is cwenty-ſeven feet deep, and the brethren. The inferior members are called
wings conſiderably more. The center ſtands younger brethren ; into which number
into which number any maſter
-back from the river; the wings approach much or mate ſkilled in navigation may be admitted ;
nearer to it, and the building is judiciouſly and which excuſes him from ſerving pariſh and ward
handſomely decorated with the orders of architec offices, and entitles them to be pilots.
ture : under the wings is a colonade of the Tuf The maſter, wardens, aſſiſtants, and elder
can order, and the upper ſtory is ornamented with brethren are by charter inveſted with the follow-
Ionic columns and pediments. It confifts of two
ing powers.
floors, in the uppermoſt of which is a magnifi-
cent room fifteen feet high, that runs almoſt the 1. That of examining the mathematical chil.
whole length of the building: this room is called dren of Chriſt's-hoſpital.
the Long Room, and here fit the commiſſioners 2. The examination of the maſters of his majeſty's
of the cuſtoms, with their officers and clerks ſhips ; the appointing pilots to conduct ſhips in
and

HISTORY and SURVEY of L O D ON:
553
and out of the river Thames ; and the amercing compaſs pediment of the Corintian order, enrich-
all ſuch as ſhall preſumé to act as maſter of a ſhip ed with their arms and palm branches. The weſt
of war or pilot, without their approbation, in a end is adorned with the figures of king James
pecuniary mulct of twenty thillings.
and king Charles I. richly carved, as big as life,
3. The ſettling the ſeveral rates of pilotage and in their robes, with Regalia, all gilt with gold,
erecting light-houſes, and other ſea marks upon and highly finiſhed, where is a ſpacious window
che ſeveral coaſts of the kingdom, for the ſecurity of ſtained glaſs, and the king's-arms; alſo thoſe
of navigation; to which light-houſes all ſhips of Sir John Robinſon, knt. and barć. his ma-
pay one half penny a ton.
jeſty's lieutenant of the Tower of London, Lord-
4. The granting licences to poor ſeamen, not mayor of the city in the year 1663, and preſident
free of the city, to row on the river Thames for of the artillery company.
their ſupport, in the intervals of ſea-ſervice, or This company was incorporated by king Ed-
when paſt going to ſea.
ward VI, in the year 1482, by the name of
5. The preventing of aliens from ſerving on “ The fraturnity of the aſſumption of the Bleſ-
board Engliſh fhips, without their licence, upon « ed Virgin Mary, of the ſhearmen of London.
the penalty of five pounds for each offence. But being incorporated by queen Elizabeth, her
6. The puniſhing of feamen for deſercion, or majeſty changed their firſt appellation to that of
mutiny in the merchants ſervice.
“ The maſter, Wardens, and commonally of
7. The hearing and determining the complaints “ freemen, of the art and myſtery of Cloth-
of officers and feamen in the merchants ſervice ; - workers of the city of London.” It is now a
but ſubject to an appeal to the lords of the admi livery company and the laſt of the twelve com-
ralty, or the judge of the court of admiralty. panies of London; and is governed by a maſter,
To this company belongs the ballaft office, for four wardens, and a court of aſſiſtants. They
clearing and deepning the river Thames by tak have large annual eſtates, both in their own right
ing from thence a ſufficient quantity of ballaft, and in truft for charities; out of which they pay
for the ſupply of all tips that ſail out of that ri to the poor upwards of 1400l. per annum.
ver ; in which ſervice ſixty barges, with two men Mark-lane, which opens into Fenchurch-ftreet,
in each, are conſtantly employed, and all ſhips is well built, and principally inhabited by mera
that take in ballaſt pay them one ſhilling a ton, chants and others of opulence. It was anciently
for which it is brought to the ſhips ſides.
called Mart-lane, from a mart or free market kepe
In conſideration of the great increaſe of the there. On the eaſt ſide of this lane, near Tower-
poor of this fraternity, they are by their charter ſtreet, ſtands
empowered to purchaſe in moremain lands, te-
nements, &c. to the amount of 500l, per annum The' CORN EXCHANGE
and alſo to receive charitable benefactions of
well.diſpoſed perſons, to the like amount of 500l. This building which is very handſome, is
per annum clear of reprizes.
adapted for tranſacting buſineſs in the corn and
There are annually relieved by this company meal wayNext the ſtreet is an aſcent of three
about 3000 poor ſeamen, their widows and or ſteps to a range of eight lofty Doric columns,
phans, at the expence of about 6000l. They thoſe at the corners being coupled: between them
generally meet to chuſe their maſter at their houſe are iron rails and three iron gates. Theſe columns,
at Deptford, though they are not obliged to do it and two others on the inſide, ſupport a plain
there. Their meetings are generally on Wed building two ſtories high, which contains two
neſdays and Saturdays, but their courts are not coffee-houſes, to which they aſcend by two flights
conſtantly fixed to a ſet time.
of handſome ſtone ſteps, on each ſide underneath
Their houſe in Water-lane has been twice burnt the edifice. On entering the iron gates you paſs
down, once at the fire of London, and the laſt forwards into a ſmall ſquare, paved all over with
time in the year 1718. Among the curioſities broad ſtones. This is ſurrounded by a colonade,
preſerved in the ball of this building is a flag | compoſed of ſix columns on each ſide, and four
taken from the Spaniards, by the brave Sir Fran at the ends, reckoning the corners twice. Above
cis Drake, whoſe picture is alſo there. A large the entablature is an handſome baluſtrade, fur.
and exact model of a ſhip entirely rigged, and rounding the whole ſquare with an elegant vaſe
two large globes ; and in the parlour are five placed over each column. The ſpace around,
large drawings, curiouſly performed by the within the colonade, is very broad, with faſh
of ſeveral engagements at ſea, in the reign of windows on the top to convey the greater light to
king Charles II.
the corn factors, who fit round the court below.
On the north ſide of Tower-ftreet is Mincing Each has a kind of deſk before him, on which
lane, which is handſomely built, and well inha lie fe veral parcels of corn; and from theſe ſmall
bited. Near the north eaſt end of which is ſamples are every market day ſold many thouſand
ſituate.
quarters.
Seething lane goes out of Tower-ſtreet, near
CLOTHWORKERS HALL. the north eaſt angle into Hart-ſtreet and Crutched.
This is a neat brick building, with Auted co friars. At the ſouth eaſt corner of this lane
lumns of the ſame, crowned with Corinthian ca ſtands the pariſh church of
pitals of ſtone. The hall is a lofty room adorn-
ed with wainſcot to the ceiling, where is curious A L L H ALLOWS Barking.
fret work. The ſcreen at the ſouth end is of oak,
adorned with four pilaſters, their entablature and This chureh is ſo denominated from its being
47
7 A
dedicated
pen,

554
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
counts.
dedicated to all the faints, vulgarly called All. ſteeple is a plain tower with its curret. It is a vi-
hallows, and its anciently belonging to the abbels carage in the patronage of the archbiſhop of
and convent of Barking in Effex. It eſcaped the Carterbury; and the vicar beſides other advan-
fire in 1666, and carries about it the marks of tages, receives about 126). per annum in tythes.
that period when architecture was not well un The veftry is ſelect, and the pariſh officers
derſtood in England. That this church is of great are, two church wardens, four collectors for the
antiquity will appear from a chapel which king poor, two ſideſmen and four auditors of ac-
Richard I. founded therein upwards of five hun-
dred years ago; and in which ſome writers affirm From thence we paſs on to Tower hill, which
his heart was buried under the high altar. This || is a very ſpacious area to the north, eaſt, and
chapel was confirmed and augmented by king weſt, of the Tower-ditch, and divided into
Edward I. Edward IV. gave licence to his coulin Great and Little Tower-hill. The former is all
John, earl of Worceſter, to found there a bro that ſpace between the Thames on the ſouth weſt,
therhood for a maſter and brethren. And he and the houſes called Poftern-row on the eaſt. At
gave to the Cuſtos of that fraternity, which was the north weſt part of this angle which is well
Sir John Scot, knt. Thomas Colt, John Tate, built and inhabited, is the back entrance into the
and John Croke, the priory of Toringbroke, Navy-office: and at the north eaſt angle is the
and the advowſon of the pariſh church of Serec Sick and wounded office. Under Poſtern-row is a
ham in the county of Surry, with all the mem ſpring of excellent water; and in the middle of
bers and appurtenances, and a part of the
of the priory
Great Tower-hill, facing the Sixpenny-office, or
of Okeborne in Wiltſhire, both priors aliens, and Catharine-court, is the place where fcaffolds
appointed it to be called the king's chapel or have been uſually erected for the beheading of
chantry, In capella beatæ Maria de Barking. criminals condemned by the ſtate.
King Richard III. new built this chapel, and Licle Tower-hill is all that vacant ſpace of
founded therein a college of prieſts, conſiſting of ground which runs from Poftern-row along the
a dean and ſix cannons : all which that king Tower-ditch to Irongate ; and, except the Vic-
placed there. The deanry he gave to Edmund cualling-office, it is very badly furniſhed wich
Chaderton, a great favourite of his. The canon houſes for reputable inhabitants, moſt of the
ries he diſpoſed, at the time that Chaderton was buildings on the eaſt lide being greatly decayed.
made dean, to theſe perſons following, viz. Mr. At the ſouth end of this hill is a landing-place
Thomas Cowton, a cannon there; Richard Bal called Irongate, ſo named from an iron gate,
dry another ; Mr. Jane another; James Moli which formerly ſhut up the eaſt entrance into the
neux another; Richard Selfie another; Maculin Tower.
Cofin another. Hamond de Lega was buried in One half of the Tower, the diech on the weft
that chapel. Robert Tate, mayor of London ſide, and bulwarks adjoining, ſtand within that
1488, and others, were there buried.
part where the wall of the city of old time went
This college was ſuppreſſed and pulled down ſtraight from the Poſtern-gate ſouth to the ri-
in the year 1548, the ſecond of king Edward VI. ver of Thames, before the Tower was built.
The ground was employed as a garden-plot dur This wall extends from the poſtern acrofs Tower-
ing the reigns of king Edward, queen Mary and ditch, and, encompaſſing the Tower chapel, goes
part
of queen Elizabeth, till at length a large || along under the old houſes, where its remains are
ſtrong frame of timber and brick was ſet thereon, to be ſeen, that go to the parade from Traitor's-
and employed as a ſtorehouſe of merchants goods | bridge,
brought from the ſea by Sir William Winter, We have now no other remarkable in this ward,
&c.
except the Tower itſelf; a parcicular deſcription
This church is of conſiderable extent, and the of which the reader will find in page 89, &c.
Dahi
C H A P T E R XXIII.
Of V I N T R Y
W A RD.
T
HIS ward takes its name from a part
thereof called the Vintrie by the an-
cients,, occupied by Vintners or Wine-
merchants from Bourdeaux, ſettled on the bank
of the river Thames; at which place they landed
their wines, and were obliged to ſell them in for-
ty days, till the twenty-eighth of Edward I.
It begins in the eaſt at the weſt end of Dow-
gate ward, as the water-courſe of Wallbrook
parteth them, to wit, at Grantham's-lane on the
Thames ſide, and at Elbow-lane on the land ſide:
it runneth along in Thames-ſtreet weſt, ſome
three houſes beyond the Old Swan, a brewhouſe
on the Thames ſide, and on the land ſide ſoine
three houſes weſt beyond St. James's at Garlick-
hiche. It ſtretcherh from the Vintry north, to
the wall of the weſt gate of the Tower-royal. Ic
is bounded on the north by Cordwainers ward, on
the ſouth by the Thames, on the eaſt by Dow.
gate ward, and on the weſt by Queenhithe ward.
This

HISTORY and SURVær of LONDON.
$$$
This ward is divided into nine precincts, and is | The ordinances or orders to be obſerved in this
governed by an alderman, nine common-council college are as follow:
men including the alderman's deputy, nine con-
ftables, thirteen inqueft-men, three ſcavengers and “ To be twelve pouer folks alonely of men
a beadle.
or women togidre : after the ſad diſcretion and
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward with good conſcience of the overſeers underwrit, and
that part of Thames-ſtreet which runs eaſt and conſervators of the ſame houſe, to be provided
weſt through the heart of it, and reaches from and admitted.
the weſt end of Dowgate ward to Townſend-lane, “ The which every day, when due and conve-
where Queenhiche ward begins.
nient time is, ſhall pray for evermore for al the
In this part of Thames-ſtreer, on the ſouth now being alive, and alſo for the by-paſt, to
ſide, are Black Swan-alley and Shepherd's-alley, God: whoſe names of great ſpecialty been ex-
which are narrow, long, and indifferently well preſſed in theſe ſtatutes under-writ.
built for buſineſs at the waterſide. Emperor's “ To be one principal, which ſhal pas all other
head-court narrow and ordinary. Brickhill-lane, power and reverence, and be called tutor. The
well built and open. Three-crane-lane, crooked, office and charge of him ſhal be goods of the alms-
long and narow, chiefly occupied by coftermon-houſe, which ſhal come to his hands, well and
gers. Church-lane is alſo long and narrow. truly to miniſter; the goods diffevered to gather
New Queen ftreet, otherwiſe called the Three again togidre, to the uſe of the alms-houſe; and
cranes in the Vintry, is a good open ſtreet, eſpe- | the huſbandry of the ſame houſe, in as much as
cially that part next Cheapfide, which is beſt built he may goodly overſee, diſpoſe, and ordain ; in-
and inhabited; but it hath no more in this ward forcing himſelf to ediſie and nouriſh charity and
than a little beyond St. Thomas Apoftles, the reſt
peace among his felawes.
of this ſtreet being in Cordwainers ward and “ The pouer folks unto the ſaid tutor ever-
Cheap-ward. At the fouth end of this ſtreet, more ſhall obey.
next the Thames, is a pair of ſtairs, or landing « The thirteen pouer folke to be hable in con-
ing-place, called the Three-cranes, which is the verſation, and honeſt in living.
uſual place for the Lord-mayor to take water at
" The fame houſe to be called for ever God's
to go to Weſtminſter, to be ſworn into his office. houſe, or Almes - houſe, or the hoſpital of Rich-
And theſe ſtairs are much frequented by coſter-
ard Whittington.
mongers, who have large warehouſes near them 66 The L. Maior to be overſeer of the ſaid
to depoſit their fruit, &c.
Almes houſes ; and the keepers of the common-
The north ſide of Thames.ſtreet hath theſe alty of the craft of Mercers to be called ever-
places : Little Elbow-lane, which falls into Great more Conſervators of the forefaid houſe.
Elbow-lane, and ſo into College-hill; both which “ The tutor to have a place by himſelf, that
lanes are indifferent.
is to ſay, a cell, or little houſe, with a chimney
College-hill comes out of St. Thomas Apoſtles and a prevy, and other neceſſaries, in the which
and falls into Thames-ſtreet ; a place well built he ſhallyegge and reft ; and that he may aloon
and inhabited by merchants and others. On the and by himſelf, without let of any other perſoon,
weſt fide is Maiden-lane, which crofſeth New intend to the contemplation of God, if he woll.
Queen-ſtreet, and falls into Garlick-hill. Out 6. That the feid tutor and pouer folke, whan
of this lane is a paſſage into Thames-ſtreet, and chey be in the aforeſaid houſes and cells, and alſo
another into Maidenhead-court, which is but or in the cloiſters, and other places of the foreſaid
dinary. On the eaſt ſide of College-hill is ſituate almes-houſes, have hemſelfe quietlie and peſably,
the pariſh church of
without noiſe or diſturbance of his felawes; and
that they occupy himſelf in prayer or reading, or
St. MICHAEL RO Y A L. in labour of her hondes, or in ſome other occupa-
tion, &c."
This church, which is a rectory, is thus deno-
minated from its being anciently ſituate near the s! It endeth thus :
Tower Royal. It was a pariſh church before
tes
the year 1285, when it was under the patronage " In witneſs we have put to our feals. Gyven
of the prior and canons of Canterbury, in whom at London, the xxi day of Decemb. in the yere
it continued till it was converted into a college; our lord a thouſand CCCC xxiii. and the yere of
and even then the ſaid monks ſo far continued king Henry VI. after the conqueſt the thrydde.
patrons thereof, as to preſent a perſon nominated
by the maſter and wardens of the mercers com-
OD 371
pany.
mo
< Go litel boke, go litel tregedie, --
This church was new builded, and made a col " Thee lowly ſubmytring to al correction
lege of St. Spirit and St. Mary, founded by " Of they m being maſters now of the Mercery,
Richard Whittington, mercer, four times mayor, " Olney, Felding, Boleyne, and of Burton :
for a maſter, four fellows, maſters of arts, clerks, “ Herteley theym beſeyking with humble falu-
conducts, choriſts, &c. and alms-houſe, called " tation und
God's-houſe or hoſpital, for thirteen poor men : " Thee to accept, and thus to take in gre,
one of them to be tutor, and to have 16d. the “ For evre to be a ſervant wichyn yeare commi-
week; the other twelve each of them to have
66 naltie.”
14d. the week, for ever, with other neceſſary
proviſion.
But furt her, for the direction of their daily de-
votion,
9>
9.2

556
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
votion, of their eating, and their habit, theſe lightened by a ſingle ſeries of large arched win-
were the appointments and ordinances :
dows, placed ſo high that the doors open under
the level of their bottoms. The tower confifts
“ Every cutor and pouer folk every day firſt of three ſtages, and at the top is ſurrounded with
wban they riſe fro their bedds, kneeling upon carved open work inſtead of a baluſtrade : from
their knces, ſey a Pater Noſter and an Ave Ma hence riſes a light and elegant turret adorned with
ria, with ſpecial and herty recommendation mak Ionic columns, and ending in a fine diminution,
ing of the foreſaid Richard Whyteington and which ſupports the fane.
Alice to God, and our bleſſed lady maidyn It is one of the thirteen peculiars belonging to
Mary: and other times of the day, whan he may the archbiſhop of Canterbury; and the rector,
beſt and moſt commody have leiſure theréto, for beſides his other profits, receives 1401. a year, in
the ſtaat of al fouls aboveſaid, ſay three or two lieu of tyches. The veſtry is general; and the
faucers of our lady at the leaſt ; that is to ſay, pariſh officers are, two churchwardens, one col-
threis feaven Ave Marias, with xv Pater Noſters, lector, and one overſeer.
and chree Credes: but if he be letted with feble The church of St. Martin Vintry formerly
neſs, or any other reaſonable cawſe, one in the ſtood near the ſouth-eaſt corner of Queen.ſtreet;
day at leaſt, in caſe it may be ; that is to ſay, af the fire of which is uſed as a burial place for the
ter the meffe, or when Complyn is don, they inhabitants. The pariſh, however, ſtill maintain
conje togidder within the college about the a veftry, which is general, maintain their own
tomb of the aforeſaid Richard Whyttington and poor, and have two church wardens, one collector
Alice, and they that can fey ſhall ſey, for the for the poor, and one overſecr, .
foules of the feid Richard and Alice, and for The Tower Royal, formerly ſituate at the up-
the ſoules of all chriſten people, this pſalm, de
per
end of the ſtreet now ſo called, was a great
profundis, with the verſicles and oriolons that place, pertaining to the kings of this realm; but
longech thereto. And they that can fhal ſey three by whom the ſame was built, or of what anti-
Pater Noſters, three Ave Marias, and one crede. quity continued, is uncertain, any more than that
And, after this doon, the cutour, or oon of the in the reign of king Edward I. the ſecond, fourth,
eldeſt men of theym, ſhal fey openly in Engliſh, and ſeventh years, it was the tenement of Simon
“ God have mercy on our founders foules, and Beawnies; alſo that, in the thirty-ſixth of Ed-
“ al chriſtens;" and they that ſtond about ſhal ward III. the ſame was called the Royal, in che
aunſwer and ſey, Amen.
pariſh of Michael de Pater-nofier; and that,
“ That they be bound to dwell and abide con in the forty-third of his reign, he gave it by the
tinewally in the feid almes houle, and bounds name of his Inne called the Royal, in his city of
thereof; and that every day, both at meet and London, in value twenty pounds by the year,
Toupier, they eet and be fed within the ſaid almes unto his college of St. Stephen at Weſtminſter.
houſe; and while they be at meet or ſoupier, Notwithſtanding, in the reign of Richard II. it
they abfteyn thanne from veyn and ydel words was called the Queen's Wardrobe, as appeareth
and if they wol any thyng talk, that it be honeſt by the following circumſtance:
and profitable.
“That the overcloathing of the cutour and “ King Richard having in Smithfield over-
pouer folk be derk and brown of colour, and " come and diſperſed the rebels, he, his lords,
not ſtaring ne blaiſing, and of eaſy priſed, ac 6 and all his company entered the city of Lon-
cording to their degre."
“ don with great joy, and went to the lady prin-
“ ceſs his mother, who was then lodged in the
The executors of the will of Richard Whyt “ Tower Royal, called the Queen's Wardrobe,
tington conſtituted five chaplains in his college 66 where ſhe had remained three days and two
founded in this church; which were confirmed nights, right ſore abalhed. But when ſhe ſaw
by the king in the third of Henry VI.
" the king her ſon, ſhe was greatly rejoiced, and
This Richard Whyttington was in this church) ſaid, Ah, my ſon, what great ſorrow have I
three times buried; firſt by his executors, under “ ſuffered for you this day! The king anſwered
a fair monument ; then in the reign of Edward “ and ſaid, Certainly, Madam, I know it well,
VI. the parſon of that church, thinking ſome “ but now rejoice and thank God, for I have
great riches, (as he ſaid) to be buried with him, " this day recovered mine heritage, and the
cauſed his monument to be broken, his body to “ realm of England, which I had near hand
be ſpoiled of his leaden ſheet, and again the ſe-
66 loft.”
cond time to be buried ; and in the reign of queen
Mary, the pariſhioners were forced to take him This tower ſeemeth to have been (at that time)
up to lap him in lead, as afore, to bury him a of good defence; for when the rebels had beſec
third time, and to place his monument, or the the Tower of London, and got poſſeſſion there-
like, over him again ; which remained, and ſo of, taking from thence whom they lifted, the
he reſted, till the great fire of London violated princeſs being forced to fly, came to this Tower-
bis refting place again.
royal, where ſhe was lodged and remained ſafe, as
This church being conſumed with the other ye have heard; and it may be alſo ſuppoſed,
public buildings by the fire of London, the pre that the king himſelf was at that time lodged
ſent ſtructure was erected in its itead, and the there,
pariſh of St. Martin Vintry united to it. It is a William of Ipres, a Fleming, called out of
plain, decent and ſubſtantial ſtone building, en Flanders, with a number of Flemings, to the aid
;
CS
of

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of Londonf.
6.
OA
2
n
おお​。
le
IgN
ch
S.'James's Garlick Hith.
S.Nicholas Coleabby Old Fish Streets
01
IYIZBIZITEITIRA 1917
ti
sum
S.Mary Magdalen Old Fish Streets.
S,+Spithin's Cannon Street.
BILIETINIEMIIIIII
TRIBUTION
TIRANE
TIL
col
N
St Mathew's Friday Street.
S. Michaels College Hill

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
587
num.
of king Stephen, againſt Maud the empreſs, in taverns or wine cellars. The vintners, however, ;
the year 1138, grew fo far in favour with the faid were not incorporated till 15 Henry VI. who
king for his ſervice, that he built a houſe near granted them a charter to make them a body po-
the Tower-royal, in which tower it ſeemeth the litic, by the ſtyle of " The maſter, wardens, and
king was then lodged, as in the heart of the city, - freeman and commonalty of the myſtery of
for his greater ſafety. This proves the great an " Vintners of the city of London;" but withous
tiquity of the Tower-royal.
a power to make bye-laws.
St. Thomas Apoſtles of which there are two, This company is governed by a maſter; three
viz. Great St. Thomas Apoſtles, which is in this wardens, and a court of affiftants. And the free-
ward ; and Little St. Thomas Apoſtles, which is men belonging to it have the privilege of retail-
in Cordwainer's ward. This great St. Thomas ing wine without a licence from the Wine-office.
Apoſtles is a handſome ſtreet, and well inhabited: They have confiderable poffeffions, out of which
on the north ſide of which, before the fire of they pay to charitable uſes about bool. per an.
London, was ſicuate the church of St. Thomas
Apoſtles; but that not being rebuil, the parish Worceſter-place runs parallel with Anchor-
is united to St. Mary Aldermary. In this ſtreet lane, but is not remarkable on any other account
are the following places : Black-lion-inn, but in than its being built upon the ſite of the manſion
different; Baldwin's yard, a handſome open court, belonging to the earls of Worceſter.
with tolerable good buildings; Blunderbuſs-alley, Proceeding from the weſt, by the north ſide
on the eaſt ſide of St. Thomas's church.yard, || of Thames-ſtreet, we come to Garlick-hill. At
very ſmall. Dodſon's court, a pretty large open the fouch eaſt angle of which ſtands the pariſh
place, with a freeſtone paflage into Budge-row, church of
well built and inhabited; nearly oppoſite which,
in Cloak-lane, is a neat and convenient building St. J A M E S Garlick-bill, or Garlickbithe.
called
This church is thus denominated from its de-
CU T L E R S H A L L. dication to St. James one of the apoſtles, and its
vicinity to a garlic market, anciently held in this
This company was incorporated by king Henry neighbourhood.
V. in the year 1417, by the ſtyle of " The The old church being deſtroyed by the fire of
" maſter, wardens, and commonalty of the niy London, the foundation of the preſent edifice
“ ſtery of cutlers of London.” And they were was laid in the year 1676, and the church was
afterwards uniced to the Belt and Sheath-makers. finiſhed in 1682. It is built of ſtone, 75 feet long,
It is a livery company, and is governed by a 45 feet broad, 40 feet high to the roof, and the
maſter, two wardens, and a court of aſſiſtants ; ſteeple 98 feet. The tower is divided into three
and is numbered the eighteenth in the city lift. ſtages. In the loweſt is a very elegant door,
Anchor-lane in Thames-ſtreer, is long and with coupled columns of the Corinthian order.
narrow; adjoining to which ſtands
In the ſecond is a large window, with the form of
a circular one noi opened over it. In the third
V IN TN E R S H A L L. ſtory is a window larger than the former ; and the
cornice above this ſupports a range of open work
This is a handſome building, ſituate on the in the place of batclements, on a baluſtrade.
ſpot where once ſtood the houſe of Sir John From hence riſes the turret, which is compoſed
Stody, who gave it the company; and was at that of four ſtages, and decorated with columns,
time called the Manor of the Vintry. The pre ſcrolls, and other ornaments.
ſent building encloſes a ſquare court, with a large The patronage of this rectory appears to have
handſome iron gate in the front next the ſtreet, been in the abbot and convent of Weſtminſter,
hung upon columns wreathed with grapes and till the ſuppreſſion of their monaſtery, when
leaves, and a Bacchus upon three tons, on each coming to the crown, queen Mary, in the year
pillar. And behind the hall is a garden, with a 1553, granted the fame to the biſhop of London
paſſage to the Thames.
and his ſucceſſors, in whom it ſtill continues.
This is one of the twelve principal companies, The rector receives, by act of parliament, 1ool.
and were anciently denominated merchant wine
per annum in lieu of tythes.
tunners of Gaſcoyne, and were of cwo forts, the The veſtry is general; and the pariſh offi.
Veneatrii, who imported the wine, and the cers are, two churchwardens and four overſeers
Tabernarii who fold it by retail, and kepe either
poor.
Git
of the poor.
!
47
2 В
C Η Α Ρ.

558
HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON.
od V.
CH A P T E R XXIV.
Of W ALL BROOK
W ARD.
T
HIS ward takes its name from a ſtreet forfeit ſuch fiſh and Aeſh for the firſt offence,
which runs up from Cannon-ſtreet, near and co loſe their freedom for the ſecond offence.
London-ftune, to the ſouth weſt corner of This Stocks-market was fome time belonging
the Manſion houſe; and is called Wallbrook, to the keepers of the bridge of London, and they
from a brook which formerly ran down on the let the ſhops for term of their lives to the butchers
weſt ſide thereof.
and filhmongers'ac certain rents, which were apa
It is bounded on the eaſt by Langbourn ward, propriated for the uſe of the ſaid bridge. But
on the fouth by Dowgace ward, on the weſt by afterwards, John de Giſors, mayor, 1312, it was
Cordwainers ward, and on the north by Cheap concluded, that no keeper of the bridge fhould
ward. It is divided into ſeven precincts, and is let the ſaid ſhops for life, without the concur-
governed by an alderman, eight common-council rence of the mayor and commonalty.
men, including the alderman's deputy, feven con On the eaſt ſide of Wallbrook, about twenty
Atables, thirteen inqueſt-men, ſix ſcavengers, and feet from the ſouth end of the manfion-houſe,
a headle.
ſtands the pariſh church of
The ſtreets and lanes in this ward are, Wall-
St. STEPHEN Wallbrook.
brook, as far as Bucklerſbury on both ſides. - We read of a church near this ſpot dedicated
Bucklerſbury, the eaſt end on both ſides, about to the ſame patron ſo early as the year 1135; but
80 feer. Budge row, the eaſt end on both ſides it then ſtood on the other ſide of the ſtreet. How-
for about 70 feet. Djwgaie, the north end on ever, about the year 1428, Robert Chichely,
the weft ſide as far as Cloak-lane, and on the eaſt mayor of London, purchaſed the ground of the
ſide as far as againſt Tallowchandlers-hall, Can- | preſent church and cemetry of the Grocers com-
non ſtreet, on both ſides as far as Green Lettice Fany, and the firſt ftone of the new ſtructure was
lane on the ſouth ſide, and to Abchurch-lane on laid in 1429; but the work advanced fo ſlowly,
the north ſide. St. Swithin's-lane on both ſides that it was not finiſhed till the year 1439.
the way almoſt as far as Bearbinder-lane. The The old ſtructure was deftroyed by the fire of
whole of Bearbinder-lane, except about 35 feet London in 1666, and the preſent noble edifice
at the eaſt end. Lombard ſtreet, about 175 feet was erected in its place by the great Sir Chriſto-
on both ſides of the weſt end next the Manſion. pher Wred. The ſteeple riles ſquare to a con-
houſe. Sherborne-lane, the fouth end on both ſiderable height, and is then ſurrounded with a
fides for about 120 feet. Buſh-lane from Can baluſtrade, within which riſes a very light and
non-ſtreet fouthwards on both ſides as far as elegant tower in two ſtages ; the firft adorned
Croſs-lane, which hath the north fide in this ward. with Corinthian, and the ſecond with Compoſite
Suffolk-lane, the weſt ſide at the north end for columns, and covered with a dome, whence riſes
about 85 feet downwards. Green-Lettice-lane,
the fane.
Tube
only the weſt ſide. Abchurch-lane, the weſt îide The principal beauties of this juftly admired
as far as the church,
edifice are on the inſide; where the dome, which
The firſt principal building in this ward is is ſpacious and noble, is finely proportioned to
the Lord-mayor's manſion houſe ; a particular the church, and divided into ſmall compartments
deſcrip:ion of which has been already given in decorated with great elegance, and crowned with
a lanthorn, while the roof, which is alſo divided
This great building is ſituate on the ſpot where into compartments, is ſupported by very noble
once ſtood Stocks-market ; the origin of which Corinthian columns, raiſed on their pedeſtals. Ic
market will beſt appear from the following ac has three iſles, and a croſs ine; is 70 feet in
count: About the year of Chriſt 1282, Henry length, and thirty- fix in breadth ; the height of
Wallis, mayor, cauſed divers houſes in this city the middle roof is thirty four feet, and of the
to be built towards the maintenance of London cupola and lanthorn 58 feer. On the ſides under
bridge; namely, one void place near unto the the lower roofs are only circular windows, bue
pariſh church called Woolchurch, on the north thoſe which enlighten the upper roof are ſmall
fide chereof, where ſome time (the way being arched ones; and at the eaſt end are three very
very large and broad) had ſtood a pair of ſtocks noble arched windows.
for puniſhment of offenders. This building In the opinion of ſome perfons this is Sir Chrif-
cook name of thoſe ſtocks, and was appointed by topher Wren's maſter piece. It is even thought
him to be a market-place for fiſh and Acth in that Italy itſelf cannot produce any modern ſtruc-
the midft of the city. And it was ordained, ture equal to it in taſte, proportion, elegance and
A. D. 1322, that none ſhould ſell filh or Aeſh out beaucy. It has a very ſtriking effect at entering,
of this and the other markers, upon pain to every part at once attracting the eye, except
the
columns, and covered with a dome
page 305, &c.

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London.
IR MIRTI.
24!
thu
FEL
St Stephen's Walbrookd.
Ahallows the Great Thames Street. ?
S'Michaels Queenhythe
AMRU .
OMIL
100DCI
UN
mih.
I
UT
17--7-7-17-
AUTOHA
TOO!
NISI
.lar
F Maryat Hill near Billingsgate. S Botolphs in Botolph dane.
The Chappel in the Tower:

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
$$9
annun.
the baſes of the columns; which are injudiciouſly | nifeft, from Wibert; the prior, and convent of
eclipſed by the carving on the top of the pews, Chriſt's church in Canterbury having in the year
which was not the deſign of the architect.
1167 granted certain lands and houſes on the
This church is a rectory, dedicated to Sr. Sce north fide thereof to one Ernis and his heirs ģ
phen the martyr, in the gift of the Grocers com who, in conſideration thereof, was annually to
pany; and being united with St. Bennet Sherehog, рау the ſum of ten ſhillings in money ; a towel
is worth one hundred pounds per annum in lieu of the value of eight-pence, two pitchers, at fix
of tythes. There is a good parſonage houſe ad pieces of money; and a falt-cellar at four ; which,
joining to che ſouth ſide, worch forty pounds per were to be delivered to the prior’s ſteward for the
The veftry is ſelect ; and the pariſh
uſe of his houſe. It was a rectory, and a pecu-
officers are only two churchwardens.
liar to the archbiſhop of Canterbury, but is now
St. Bennet Sherehog, the church of which united to St. Swithin's. In this church were bu-
was burnt down in 1666, was a rectory, and ori ried divers noblemen, and perſonages of great
ginally dedicated to St. Ofyth, or corruptly St. diſtinction, anong whom was Sir Henry Fitz-
Sych ; from whence we derive the name of Alwin, firſt Iord-mayor of London.
Syth-lane ; and the church ſtood near St. Syth's The living of theſe united pariſhes is ſectled by
lane, at the eaſt end of Needler's-lane, Cheap act of parliament at 140l. per annum in lieu of
fide. Edward Hall, who wrote the chronicle from cythes. The veftry for both is general; and the
Richard II. to the end of Henry VIII. was buried parith officers are two church wardens.
in this church; the fire of which is now uſed as a Cloſe under the ſouth wall of St. Swithin's
burial place for the inhabitants, who have a gene church ſtands a great ſtone called
ral veftry, and two churchwardens. The addition
of Sherehog was given to this church frome the
LONDON ST O N E.
name of its builder or great benefactor, Benedict
Shorne; citizen and ſtock-filhmonger, in the This is a very great piece of antiquity, which
reign of Edward II. which in time was corruptly has been carefully preſerved from age to age, and
pronounced Shrog, and more corruptly Sherehog, is mentioned by the ſame name ſo early as in the
or Shornehog
time of Ethelftan, king of the weſt Saxons. It
At the ſouth weſt angle of St. Swithin's- formerly itood a litcle nearer the channel facing
lane in Cannon-ſtreet, is ficuate the pariſh church the ſame place; and being fixed very deep in the
of
ground, was ſo ſtrongly faſtened by bars of iron,
as to be in no danger from the carriages.
St. S WITHIN
ſeems very ſurpriſing that ſo great a piece of
antiquity has been conſtantly preſerved with ſuch
This church is thus denominated froin its de care, and yet ſo little has been ſaid of it, that the
dication to St. Swithin, chancellor to king Egbert original cauſe of its erection, and the uſe for
and biſhop of Wincheſter, who died in 806. We which it was intended, is quite uncertain. Moſt
read of a church in the ſame place dedicated to authorities give it a Roman erection, and place it
the above faint before the year 1331, but how in the center of that city burnt by Boadicea, and to
long it was ſtanding before that time is uncertain: ſerve for the place from whence the Romans mea-
however, the old ſtructure was deſtroyed by the ſured their miles, which they reckoned from all
fire of London, and the preſenc edifice aroſe in great towns and places ; by ſtones pitched; and
its ſtead.
perhaps this might be the ſtone for London,
It is a plain, ſolid, and ſtrong building of from which preciſe place to meaſure their miles
ſtone, 61 feet long, and 42 broad; the roof is from this city towards the other parts of the land.
40 feet, and the ſteeple 150 feet high. The And this ſtreet in former times being the chief
body is well enlightened, and the windows are ſtreet of London, as Cheapſide now is, this
arched and pell proportioned.
London-ſtone ſeems to have been the place (and
The advowſon of this church appears anciently likely enough upon this ſtone) whence proclama-
to have been in the prior and convent of Tor tions and public notices of things were given to
tington, in the dioceſe of Chicheſter, in whom it the citizens. There is a paffage in our chronicles
continued till the diffolution of their monaſtery ; that favours this conceit. In Henry VI's time,
when coming to the crown, Henry VIII. in the Anno 1450, when Jack Cade, the Kentiſh rebel,
year 1540, granted the fame, together with a who feigned himſelf the lord Mortimer, came
ſtately manſion on the north ſide thereof, to John || through Southwark into London, he marched to
earl of Oxford, who ſoon after diſpoſing of the this ſtone, where was a great confluence of people,
fame, it paſſed through ſeveral hands, and was and the Lord-mayor among the relt: Here he
at length purchaſed by the company of Salters, ſtruck his ſword upon it, and ſaid, “ Now is
in whom the advowſon ſtill remains.
6. Morcimer lord of this city:" and there mak-
To this pariſh is uniced that of St. Mary Bo ing a formal, but lying declaration to the mayor,
thaw; whofe church before the fire of London, || departed back again to Southwark.
ſtood on the eaſt fide, and about the middle of Others have ſaid the ſame to be ſet for the
Turnwheel-lane, between London-ſtone and Wall tendering and making of payment by debtors to
brook corner near Dowgate-hill, and took its ad their creditors, at their appointed days and times,
dicional name from its vicinity to a Boat-Haw, till of latter time payments were more uſually
or boat-builder's yard, in that neighbourhood. made at the font in St. Paul's church, and at the
That this church was of great anciquity is ma Royal Exchange.
7

560
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON..
At the north-weſt corner of St. Swithin's church | livery by Richard II. in the year 1394 ; but we
ftands,
cannot learn that they were incorporated till the
iſt. of Elizabeth A. D. 1558, when, by letters
SAL T E R S H A L L.
patent, they were ſtiled “The maſter, wardens,
cs and commonalty of the art or myſtery of Sal-
This is a plain brick building, the principal " ters of London."
entrance to which is out of Swithin's-lane; and This company, which is the ninth among the
is commodiouſly adapted for tranſacting the bu twelve principal companies, is governed by a
fineſs of the company. The hall room is let out maſter, two wardens, and a court of aſſiſtants.
for a diffenting meeting of the preſbyterian deno They have a very conſiderable eſtate, out of which
mination.
they pay to charitable uſes about five hundred
That the company of Salters is of conſider-pounds per annum.
able antiquity will appear from the grant of a
CHAPTER XXV.
Of the ward of Bridge Without, the Borough of SOUTHWARK, and the ſeveral pa-
riſhes and remarkable buildings contained therein; with a liſt of the Lord-mayors of London,
from Fitz- Alwyn to the preſent time.
B В
Ridge-ward without, contains the whole earl Godwin, the latter returned, and repaſſed
Borough of Southwark, extending ſouth the bridge, which was then of wood.
ward from London-bridge to Newington; Notwithſtanding the river Thames ſeparates
to the fouthweſt almoſt to Lambeth; and to this ward from the city of London, yet it does
the eaſt to Rotherhithe. The principal ſtreets nor deprive the inhabitants therein of their free-
are, the Borough, or High-ſtreet, Blackman dom, rights and privileges of that city. For,
ftreet, Long-lane, Kent-ſtreet, Tooley-ſtreet, or St. the Borough of Southwark falling totally into
Olave’s-ſtreet, and Bermondſey, coru; tly, Barna king Henry the VIII's hands by che diffolution
by-ſtreet.
of the religious houſes, the mayor, commonalty,
This ward is at preſent only nominally govern and citizens of London, purchaled the ſaid lord-
ed by an alderman and three deputies, and has ſhip and manor of Southwark from the crown,
twenty wardmote inqueft-men, fixteen conftables, for the ſum of 6471. 25. id. By which purchaſe
a ſteward and a bailiff.
they obtained a grant of all waſtes and eſtrays,
The Borough of Southwark contains divers treaſure trove, traitors grods, &c.
ftreets, ways and lanes ; many of which are well In the year 1327, the citizens finding them-
built and inhabited by tradetmen and manufac ſeves greatly infeſted by felons, thieves, and dif-
turers of reputation and property. Ic conſiſts turbers of the peace, who eſcaped to and took
of the pariſhes of St. Olave, St. Saviour, St. ſhelter in Southwark, petitioned king Edward
George, and St. Thomas ; which, together with III. and his parliament, for a grane of juriſdic-
the adjacent pariſhes, compoſe that part of the tion over the ſaid village of Southwark : and
diſtrict within the bill of mortality, ſituate their petition appeared fo juſt, that his majeſty,
fouth of the river Thames, in the hundreds of with conſent of his parliament, granted to the
Kingſton and Brixton, and county of Surrey ; faid cicizens, for himſelf and his heirs the faid
which is in length ſix miles, twenty-three poles, | village of Southwark, with the appurtenances, to
and two feet, viz. from Vauxhall-bridge to Scan have and to hold, to them, and their heirs and
gate, one mile; to within three doors of the ſucceffors citizens of the laid city, of the crown
ſign of the Earl of Warwick in Upper-ground for ever, paying at che exchequer the farms due
ftreet, one mile; to four doors eaſt of the Maze and accuſtomed.
gateway in Toolty ſtreet, one mile; to within In conſequence of the beforementioned grant
nine doors of Blackman's-alley on Rotherbithe and purchaſe confirmed to the mayor, commo-
wall, one mile; to within three doors of the nalty, and citizens of London, a court was held
Bull's head in Brimſtone-ſtreet, one mile; and about a month after before Sir Rowland Hill,
from thence to the eaſt end of Holding-ftreet, one kot, then Lord.mayor of London, and the al-
mile, twenty-three poles, and two feer.
odermen of the ſame city, in Guildhall; and the
The firſt mention we find of Southwark in faid town or borough of Southwark was admit-
hiſtory is in the year 1052, when earl Godwin red into the Freedom of the city of London, and
arrived there with a powerful fleet, and having named the ward of Bridge wichout; and the faid
caſt anchor till the return of tide, paſſed London court of Lord-mayor and aldermen did then and
bridge without oppoſition, in order to engage the there nominate and appoint Sir John Ayliffe, ci-
royal navy, which conſiſted of fifty ſhips of war, tizen and barber ſurgeon, the firſt alderman of
and then lay oppoſite to Weſtminiter ; but mat the ſaid ward of Bridge without, namely, of the
.ters being accommodated between the king and borough of Southwark, co be numbered as one of
che

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
561
the aldermen of the ſaid city; and to have the By this grant, which has received a parliamen-
rule and government of the inhabitants of the tary ſanction, the faid corporation are inveſted
ſaid borough, admitted by that court into the with all manner of royal rights and prerogatives,
freedom of the city of London.
in and over the town and borough of Southwark,
Thus the borough of Southwark was made in as full a manner, as if the ſame were in the
part of the city of London, though lying in the king's hands. In particular, to have all manner
county of Surry, wich a juriſdiction as ancient as of liberties, cuſtoms, treaſures, waifs, eſtrays,
the firſt of king Edward III. confirmed, ſtrength eſcheats, fines and forfeitures, view of frank-
ened, enlarged, and fully eſtabliſhed by the late pledge, &c. Alſo to have all goods, chattels of
grant of king Edward VI.
Nevertheleſs, we craitors, felons, fugitives, &c. together with all
find that the magiſtracy of the city of London manner of ſuits, perſonal actions, &c. and the
have adopted this ward only as a fine cure for the execution of all writs, commands, attachments,
ſenior alderman for the time being; and neglect warrants, &c. by their ſheriffs and other officers.
ed the more effential interest of the inhabitants of The ferjeants at mace for the city to arreſt for
ſaid ward; and the juſtices of the county of Sur debt in the borough, in the ſame manner as they
ry have not failed to take the advantage of their do in London.
indifference and neglect of their juriſdiction with The city magiſtrates to have the affay and af-
in the borough of Southwark, and now have ſo ſize of wine, bread, beer, victuals, and every
far encroached upon the chartered rights and pri ching ſet to fale, together with the puniſhment
vileges of the city of London, confirmed by par and correction of all perſons dealing therein.
liament, as to contend with the citizens for their Alſo to take and arreſt all thieves, felons, and
juriſdiction within the ſaid borough ; even ſo far other criminals, found in the borough, and to
as to take upon them, without interruprion, to commic chem to Newgate, until delivered by due
exerciſe the power of a juſtice of the peace within courſe of law.
the ſaid borough, and to appoint conſtables, to The mayor, recorder, and aldermen, who are
licence victuallers, and to exerciſe other powers, juſtices in London, are alſo conſtituted the juf-
as juſtices of the peace for the county of Surry in tices for the borough, where they are to exerciſe
the borough of Southwark, to the great incon the ſame juriſdiction as they do in London. And
venience and hardſhip of the inhabitants, who all and ſingular the inhabitants of the faid bo-
are entitled to the freedom and privileges of the rough to be under the magiſtracy and govern-
city of London; as may be more fully ſeen in ment of the mayor and officers of London, in
the following abſtract of the niemorial of H. the fame manner as the inhabitants of the faid
Williams, one of the conſtables of the ſaid bo city be. And laſtly, the ſheriff of Surry, and all
rough.
others the king's officers and miniſters, are ex-
preſsly prohibited from any ways intermeddling
An abſtract of a memorial preſented to the in the faid borough.
right honourable che Lord-mayor, and as
It it not intended to ſhew the impropriety, as
a petition to the court of common-council, well as inconvenience, that the conſtables and
to deſire the aid of that court in ſupport of other inhabitants of this city franchiſe are under,
the ancient rights of the Borough of South by their being ſubject to two ſeparate uncon-
wark.
nected juriſdictions, each of which may aſſume to
command their attendance at different places ac
Southwark, 14 Feb. 1761. the ſame time; nor yet to expatiate on the hard-
ſhips of their being fummoned to attend out of
To the right honourable the Lord-mayor. their borough, the commands of ſuch, as they
have at ſeveral quarter ſeſſions held by your pre-
Your lordſhip being now entered on the high deceſſors, been informed had no ſort of authority
and important office, ſo honourably conferred on over them.
you by almoſt the unanimous ſuffrages of one of The particular indignity offered to the city of
the fulleſt affeinblies ever held on that occaſion, it | London, now to be pointed out, is that whereas,
need not be ſaid that it becomes your duty, as it when the preſent conftables were ſworn in, un-
is doubtleſs your intention to be the guardian and der the auchority of the city of London, they
protector of all thoſe ancient rights and privileges had an aſſurance given them, that country-offi-
carefully handed down by their anceſtors to the cers had no juriſdiction over them; nevertheleſs
citizens of London.
chey were all ſummoned, under large penalties,
It is with concern obſerved, that there ſhould the firſt of this month, to attend the county ſhe-
be ſo ſoon an occaſion to trouble your lordſhip || riff to proclaim the king through the borough-
wich recent inſtances, in which it is apprehended, wick.
theſe ancient rights have been invaded in the As there is a bailiff appointed by the city, un-
proclamation of his preſent majeſty.
der the Lord-mayors, for the government of the
Firſt, in that ancient franchiſe granted to the borough (which officer, who is now living, it is
city of London in the borough of Southwark, || known, proclaimed his late majeſty, it is ſubmit-
which without enumerating former grants, was, ted to your lordſhip's judgment) whether ſuch
by the great charter of confirmation, to lately officer was not the proper perſon to perform this
as the 15th year of king Charles II. fully con duty, as well as he preſides at the elections for
firmed to the mayor, commonalty, and citizens members of parliament, or executes the other
of London.
duties appertaining to that imporcant office ? For
47
by
70

562
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
by what legal power can an officer execute any | juriſdiction in the borough, and to repair bridges,
part of his office in a place the law expreſsly de gaols, &c. all of which arę upheld and repaired
clares he ſhall no ways intermeddle ; or how can by the city of London.
he aſſume an authority to fummon, under great 8th. The quartering ſoldiers in the borough,
penalties, conftables, or any inhabitants of ſuch which, as a franchiſe and one of the city wards,
a place, not only to artënd in, but to follow him, it is preſumed ought to be exempted from thac
to their great trouble and expence, to a conſider burden.
able diſtance from their habitations, if he is ex gth. The king's miniſters and officers of the
preſsly prohibited from exerciſing any kind of county of Surry, taking upon them the power of
juriſdiction over them ?
ordering and governing the borough militia, which,
It has been ſaid, that ſuppoſing the city of it is alſo preſumed, ought to be ſolely ſubject to
London hath not hitherto exerciſed an excluſive the Lord-mayor, as chief magiſtrate of this an-
juriſdiction in the borough, they cannot, for that cient city franchiſe.
reaſon, maintain ſuch a power; even although
it ſhould appear that, by the original grants, they We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this ward or bo-
are inveſted there with. This objection, it is pre rough at the fouth end of London-bridge, and
ſumed, is anſwered by that part of the city char proceed eaſtward down Tooley, or St, Olave's-
ter, which declares they ſhall loſe no privilege for ſtreet; on the north ſide of which, and near the
non uſe or even abuſe. Lord Coke in his 4th in bridge, ſtands the parith church of
ftitute, fays, “ There is a moſt beneficial ſtatute
made for the preſervation of the liberties and
St. O L A V E.
franchiſes of the city of London, that they ſhall
enjoy their whole liberties, with this clauſe, Licet Though the time when a church was firſt erected
non fuerent, vel abuſ fuerent, and notwithſtand in this place cannot be diſcovered, yet it appears
ing any ſtatute to the contrary.” On this princi to be of confiderable antiquity, ſince it is men-
ple Black-friars precinct was lately reſtored to the tioned fo early as the year 1281. However, part
city freedom, which had, time immemorial, claim of the old church falling down in 1736, and the
ed and maintained that exemption.
reſt being in a ruinous condition, the pariſhioners
Therefore, as there are many citizens that are applied to parliament for a power to rebuild it,
inhabitants in the borough, who particularly which being granted, they were thereby enabled
think themſelves injured by being ſubject to two to raiſe the ſum of 5000l. by a rate of 6d. in the
feparate juriſdictions, may it not be faid, it be pound, to be levied out of the rents of all lands and
comes the city's duty, in ſupport of the citizens tenements within the pariſh ; accordingly the
rights, to fulfil the intentions of their charters, church was taken down in the ſummer of the year
which ſo expreſsly prohibits the county ſheriff 1737, and the preſent ſtructure finiſhed in 1739.
from any ways intermeddling in this city franchiſe: It conſiſts of a plain body ſtrengthened with
more eſpecially if it be a fact, that this officer has, ruſtic quoins at the corners; the door is well pro-
on a legal trial, been proved to have no right to porcioned without ornament, and the windows
exerciſe any jurifdiction therein.
are placed in three ſeries ; the loweſt is upright,
but conſiderably broad; thoſe above them circu-
The following are part of the encroachments on lar, and others on the roof are large and ſemi-
the city juriſdiction, and the privileges of the in circular, The tower conſiſts of three ſtages, the
habitants of the borough of Southwark, referred uppermoſt of which is conſiderably diminiſhed:
to in their petition..
in this is the clock, and in the ſtages below are
large windows. The top
The top of the tower is fur-
iſt. The licencing public houſes by the county rounded by a plain ſubſtantial baluſtrade, and the
magiftrates.
whole has an air of plainneſs and fimplicity.
2d. Their acting as magiſtrates of the borough, This church is a rectory in the gift of the
and holding feffions in the town-hall.
crown; and the incumbent's profits are ſaid to
3d. Their interfering in the government of the amount to about 400l. yer annum,
borough fair, granted by royal charter to the city The veftry is general; and here are five church-
of London,
wardens, and eight overſeers of the poor and col.
4th. Their exerciſing juriſdiétion over the bo lectors, who are called the pariſh officers; and
rough conftables, and taking upon them to ſwear nine conftables, nine ſcavengers, and two ſura
them into that office a ſecond time, and alſo veyors of the highway, who are called ward of-
ſwearing in conſtables by their own authority, up ficers.
on deaths or removals.
The remarkable places in this pariſh are, the
sth. The ſheriff of Surry exerciſing juriſdic Borough compter, the Bridge-houſe, and the
tion in the ſaid borough, and ſumnioning the con Anabaptiſt dipping-place ; and another meeting
ftables and other inhabitants to attend (contrary houſe of the the like denomination. A charity
to the royal charcers) the reſpective feflions held ſchool for forty boys; another for "fixty girls;
by the county magiſtrates, at different parts of the and a free ſchool founded by queen Elizabech,
county.
who incorporated fixteen pariſhioners to be go-
6th. The ſheriff and marſhal court officers ar vernors thereof. The lands and revenues with
reſting for debt in the borough.
which this ſchool is endowed, were purchaſed by
7th. The compelling the inhabitants of the bo the pariſh, and lie chiefly in Horſleydown, for
rough to contribute towards the county rate, 10 the benefit of the pariſh. The firſt maſter has a
pay the county coroner, who is prohibited any ſalary of 6ol. per annum, the fecond 401. the
writing.

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London -
WILL
11111
HHHHHHHHHHH
HAHARDALAHAHA
LELLA
HHH
을​르면
​برد
ww
my
B
These
w
My
batman
دارد -
-
02
.
ހައަ
سیر کر
CM
odra
..
sha
Southwark).
Southwark.
View of S? OLAVE's Church 3 View of ST GEORGE'S-Vienof Christ's Church
Surry.

Engraved for Chamberlains Westory London
LT
U HR22 LL LLLLL LLLLLLL
YA
17
・
AN
ITINE
Sri
S+Iohn's Church Southwark Mary Magdalens. S'Marys Church Rotherhith.
'

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
$63
writing-maſter ditto, and the Engliſh maſter only table tradeſmen, eſpecially in the hat manufactory
20l. per annum.
At the ſouth eaſt extremity of this ſtreet ſtands the
Oppoſite St. Olave's church formerly ſtood a
pariſh church of
ſpacious ſtone building, the city manfion of the
prior of Lewes in Suflex; and contiguous to the St. MARY MAGDALEN, Bermondſey:
Bridge-yard was ſituate a large houſe of ſtone and
wood, the city reſidence of the abbot of St. This church ſtands on the ſite of part of the
Auguſtin's in Canterbury; which coming after religious foundation for monks that was ſuppreſſ-
wards to Sir Anthony Sentlegar, the ſite thereof ed by king Henry VIII. It was dedicated to
was converted into a quay, which, by an eaſy || Mary the ſiſter of Lazarus, called Magdalen,
tranſition, is now called Sellenger's wharf. from Magdala, the place of her birth or reſidence;
On the eaſt ſide of the Bridge-yard was ſituate and it was founded under the Saxon government,
the manſion of the abbot of Battle in Suflex, as appears in the ſurvey made by William the
che name whereof is partly preſerved in that of Conqueror. It received the addition of Bermond-
Battle-bridge; oppoſite to which, on the ſouth, ſey from its ſituation in or near the royal manor
lay its fine and ſpacious garden, wherein was a called Bermond's-eyez corruptly Bermondſey ;
maze, or labyrinth, the name whereof is ſtill on which there ſtood a royal manſion in the reign
preſerved in the ſtreets, &c. built thereon. of Henry VIII. the remains of which are ſtill to
Bridge-yard-houſe is a receptacle for timber, be ſeen in the gateway that leads into a court at
ftone, and other materials for repairing London the ſouth end of the church-yard. This was a
bridge, and ſeems to have been cítabliſhed at the priory or abbey, dedicated to St. Saviour, when
time that bridge was firſt built of timber, and en refounded by Alwin Child, citizen of London,
dowed with confiderable eftates for that purpoſe. for Chiniac monks, in the year 1981. In 1094,
It ſtands upon a large ſpot of ground, and contains William Rufus endowed it wich the manor
many extenſive buildings for that uſe. In for of Bermond's-eye, which was confirmed by
mer times here were ſeveral granaries for wheat || Henry I. in 1127, who at the ſame time gave
and divers forts of grain for the ſervice of the unto this priory the manor of Rotherhithe and
city; and ten ovens, and a large brewhouſe, to Dulwich : and William Maminot gave them a
ſupply the poor citizens with bread and beer in moiety of the manor of Greenwich. In 1159
times of ſcarcity. Proceeding eaſtward we come king Henry II. confirmed to them the donation
to the pariſh of Horſley-down; a plot of ground of the church of Camberwell, and others. And
ſo called, corruptly from Horſe-down, it having | king Henry III. granted theſe monks a market
been originally a grazing ground for horſes. It is every Monday at their market of Charlton, in che
now, however, well covered with brick and wood
county of Kent; and a fair on Trinity Sunday
buildings, erected into a pariſh, the church of which, ) yearly. The manor of Bermond's-eye was an
as well as the pariſh is called
ancient demeſne of the crown, and all the lands
and tenements belonging to it, among which were
St. JOHN the EVANGELIST. Camberwell, Rotherhiche, the hide of South-
wark, Dulwich, Waddon, and Reyham, with
This church, like ſeveral others in the ſuburbs, their appurtenances, and were impleadable in the
owed its riſe to the great increaſe of buildings and court of this manor only, and not at the common
inhabitants, and is one of the fifcy new churches law : though this houſe was no more than a call
ordered to be built by act of parliament. It was to the privry of Charity in France; and therefore
finiſhed in 1732, and the diſtrict of Horſley-down accounted a priory alien till the year 1380, when
being ſeparated from St. Olave's, was by act of Richard II. in conſideration of two hundred
parliament conſtituted its pariſh. The ſum of marks paid into his exchequer, made it a deni-
3500l. was alſo granted by parliament to be laid when it was alſo made an abbey, and
out in lands, tenements, &c. in fee fimple; and Attleborough became firſt abbot. This abbey
as a farther proviſion, the churchwardens were to was granted by king Henry VIII. to Sir Thomas
pay the rector the additional ſum of 60l. to be Pope, who pulled down the church and built a
raiſed from the fees ariſing from burials.
large houſe upon its ſite, which afterwards be-
The body of the church is enlightened by two came the poffeffion and reſidence of the earls of
ranges of windows, with a venetian in the center. Suſſex, who were obliged to build a place for
The tower riſes ſquare, with a baluſtrade on the public worſhip, which was done in or near the
top; from whence riſes a ſpire which is very pro place where the church now ſtands,
perly diminiſhed, and well wrought. It is fituate The preſent edifice was built in 1680, at the
near the lower end of Fair-ſtreet, and the pariſh charge of the pariſh ; and is a plain ſtructure, 76
being taken out of St. Olave's ic is likewiſe in feet long, 61 feet broad, 30 feer high to the
the gift of the crown.
roof, and 87 feet to the top of the ſteeple. The
The veſtry is neither ſelect nor general, all be walls are brick, covered with ſtucco, and the
ing admitted that tent iol. per annun, or up door-caſes and arched windows are cafed with
wards. They have three churchwards, four over ſtone. The adyowſon of this church is in lay
ſeers of the poor, four conftables, four ſcaven hands ; and the rectory is valued at 200l. per
gers, two ſurveyors of the highways, one beadle, annum in lieu of cythes.
and eight watchmen.
Here is an organ and eight b-lls ; five gift
Abour the middle of Tooley ſtreet, on the ſermons ; twelve poor men and twelve poor wo-
ſouth ſide, is Barnaby or Bermondſey.ſtreet. men are cloathed on the fifth of November, by
This is a ſpacious ſtreet, and inhabited by repu the legacy of Mr. John Wright, or Wrig.
There
zen;
valued and

564
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
There is a charity-ſchool for fifty boys, and ano ter, purchaſed of king Henry the ſtately con-
ther for [wenty girls, ſupported by voluntary ventual church; which pariſhes, in the year fol-
ſubſcriptions and collections at charity fermons ; lowing, were united by act of parliament by the
and on the ſouth ſide of the Grange road is a new appellation of St. Saviour's, and the church-
free-ſchool for fifty boys founded by Joſias Bacon, wardens conſtitute a body politic and corporate.
efy;
And the churches of St. Mary Magdalen and Sr.
This pariſh is governed by a general v<ſtry ; Margaret, being laid alide, this has ever ſince
and has four churchwardens, four overſeers and been uſed as the united pariſh church.
collectors for the poor, two conſtables, four head In the year 1611, king James I. for a valuable
boroughs, two furveyors of the highways, four conſideration, granted by letters patent to the
ſcavengers, and two ale-conners. It is divided churchwardens and pariſhioners, in free foccage,
into two precincts, viz. the Land-ſide and the the rectory and pariſh church of St. Saviour, to-
Water-ſide.
gether with all the glebe lands, tythes, tenths,
In the Land-lide are part of Barnaby-ftreet, oblacions, profiis, &c. with all thoſe that be-
Sun-alley, Hedge-alley, part of Crucifix-lane, || longed to the rediories of St. Mary Magdalen and
part of Five Foor-lane, Clare's-yard, May's St. Margatet. In confideration of which the faid
yard, Trotter-alley, Snow’s-fields, Swan-alley, churchwardens and pariſhioners are obliged to
Black-boy-alley, Parker's-alley, White lion-yard, provide a fit houſe, for a grammar-ſchool, and
part of Long lane, fouth-weſt to Lord-mayor's to keep a good maſter to teach the children of
ftone, part of Kent ſtreet, Grange-yard and road, the pariſh, paying to the ſaid maſter 20l, and to
and Court-yard.
an uſher iol. per annum, and alſo, to provide
In the Water-ſide are, part of Five Foot-lane, (wo able chaplains to preach in the church, and
Dock-head, Mill-ſtreet, Hickman's-court and to pay them 301. per annum each. Theſe con-
Folly, London-ſtreet, Water-lane, Jacob's ſtreet, ditions were performed till the year 1672, when
Rotherhithe-wall, Neckinger-corner, Saliſbury-
the ſaid ſums were found inſufficient to maintain
Jane and ſtreet, Eaſt-lane, part of Weſt lane, the ſeveral officers aforeſaid, wherefore their re-
Marigold foreet, Cherry garden-ſtreer, Croſs ſtreet, ſpective ſtipends were by act of pariament ad-
Bowling-green, Saliſbury.down, and Blue-anchor vanced, thofe of the chaplains to cool. per an-
road.
num each; and thoſe of the ſchool maſters to
Reiurning to London-bridge we proceed again | 30l. each. For the paying of which ſums, and
from thence directly ſouthward up the High the repairs of the church, the church wardens,
ſtreet or Borough, which conſiſts of a felh-mar &c. were empowered to raiſe upon the inhabi -
kec on the weſt ſide, and of hop-merchants and tants, in lieu of tythes, the ſum of 350l. per
reputable tradeſmen and inn-keepers on the eaſt. annum clear of reprizes.
On the former ſide are ſeveral paſſages that lead
Both the conſtruction and extent of this Go-
to a cloſe, in which is ficuate the pariſh church thic ſtructure reſemble a cathedral more than a
of
pariſh church. The length is 260 feet, and that
St. S A V I OU R.
of the croſs iſe 109; the breadth of the body is
54 feet, and the heighth of the tower, including
On the ſpot where this church is ſituate, an che pinnacles, is 150 feet. The conſtruction of
ciently ſtood a priory of nuos, which was found the windows, entrances, and every other part, is
ed by one Mary, a virgin, the owner of a ferry || purely in the Gothic ſtile, except a modern door,
over the river Thames, before the building of which is neither Gothic nor agreeable to the rules
London-bridge. Some time after the priory was of any other architecture. The tower, which is
converted into a college of prieſts; but that ſquare, and well proportioned, is ſupported by
eſtabliſhment, as well as the former, proving cf|| maffy pillars over the meeting of the middle and
no long duration, it was in the year 1106 found croſs iſes; it is crowned with battlements, and
ed by iwo Norman knights, and the biſhop of has a pinnacle at each corner.
Wincheſter, for canons regular, and from its de In a chapel at the eaſt end of the church is tne
dication to the Virgin Mary, and its fituation, monument of biſhop Andrews, who was interred
was called St. Mary Overie, that is, St. Mary there; and in another part of the church is that
over the river.
of the biſhop of Wincheſter ; but the moſt re-
This edifice was deſtroyed by fire about the markable monument is that of the family of the
year 1207; but it being ſoon after rebuilt, Peter Auſtins, erected in the laſt century, and repaired,
de Rupibus, bishop of Wincheſter, added to ic new painted, and gilt by the relations in 1706.
a ſpacious chapel, which he dedicated to St. this firſt figure is a rock, upon which is writ-
Mary Magdalen; and this being afterwards ap ten, Petra erat XTS. that is, the rock was Chriſt.
pointed for the uſe of the inhabicanes, it ac laft Down this rock runs a ſtream of water; and out of
became their pariſh church.
it glides a ſerpent, his ſkin being ſtripped off by
This monaſtery, together with its fine church the rock, which is ſeen hanging on that part
of
(as it at preſent appears) which was rebuilt in the his back that is not yet got through. Ac the foot
reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV. was, ac che of the rock there grows ſtanding corn, on which
general ſuppreſſion of religious houfes, ſurren is a label with theſe words, Si non moriatur, non
dered to Henry VIII, in the year 1539, when the reviviſcit, that is, If it dieth not, it liveth not
revenues thereof amounted to 6241. 6s. 60. per again. Underneath the core is this motto. Nos
Whereupon the inhabitants of the pa- Sevit fovit, lavit, coget, renovabit, i, e. He hath
rißt es of St. Mary Magdalen and St. Margarer. | Town, cheriſhed, waſhed us, and fall gather us to-
by che aſſiſtance of Stephen, biſhop of Winchel gecher, and renew us.
On
annua.
I

HIS TORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
565
On the top of the rock ſtands an angel, hold houſes, wherein whores were publickly tolerated
ing a ſickle in his left hand, and with his right to act according to their vicious and depraved
pointing to the fun, which ſhines, and on its
inclinations.
lower rays is a label, upon which is written Sol The firſt mention we find of theſe houſes is in
juſticie, i. e. The fun of righteouſneſs.
the reign of Henry II. A. D. 1162, when they
On the ſides of the monument are ſcythes, were eighteen in number, under the juriſdiction
fails, ſhepherds crooks, rakes, plows, harrows, of the biſhop of Wincheſter ; wherefore they were
and other inſtruments of huſbandry hanging out commonly called Wincheſter Geeſe; for whoſe
of a death's head; and above them, Dos eſtis regulation certain conftitutions were publiſhed by
agricultura, i. e. Ye are God's huſbandry.
the ſaid biſhop, which were confirmed by parlia-
On the outſide of theſe a harveſt man with ment; among which were the following, viz.
wings is feated on each ſide, one with a fork be That no ſtewholder ſhall moleft, or obſtruct
hind him, and the other with a rake. They any ſingle woman from having acceſs to, and li-
have ſtraw hats, and lean their heads upon their berty to withdraw from his houſe at pleaſure.
hands, their elbows reſting upon their knees, as if That no ſtew-keeper permit any woman to
fatigued with labour, and under them are theſe board in his houſe.
words, Meffores congregabunt, i. e. The reapers To take no more for a woman's apartment, than
Mall gather. Under all is a winnowing fan, upon fourteen pence per week.
which is ſtretched a ſheet of parchment bearing Not to keep open bis doors on holidays.
a long inſcription in Latin.
Not to detain any ſingle woman, that is willing
Though the name of this church has been to reform.
changed from St. Mary Overies to that of St. Not to receive any woman that is devoted to
Saviour, yet the former ſtill prevails. It is a religion, nor any man's wife.
rectory in the gift of the parish, and the profiis No woman to take money for lying with a man,
ariſing to the two chaplains are at this time laid to unleſs it be for a whole night.
amount to above 300l. per annum.
No man to be artfully deluded into a ſtew.
This pariſh is divided into two liberties, viz. That the ſeveral ſtews be ſearched weekly, by
the Borough and the Clink. The officers for the the bailiff, conſtables, &c.
Borough liberty are, fix conftables and five ſca That no ſtewholder entertain any woman that
vengers. Thoſe for the Clink liberty are, fix has the perilous infirmity of burning, (the vene-
churchwardens, choſe out of the veftry, which is ral diſtemper) nor to fell bread, fitfh, ale, nor
ſelect, eight overſeers and collectors for the poor, any other ſort of proviſions.
three conítables, three headboroughs, four ſca Theſe and divers other orders were to be ob-
vengers and twenty-three inqueſt men.
ſerved by the ſaid ſtewholders, upon very ſevere
The remarkable places and things are, che | penalties. And for ſecuring all perſons that were
Town-hall on St. Margaret's-hill; the Clink pri- || accuſed of crimes committed in this diſtrict, a
ſon; the dock; a good market; and the lord || priſon was erected, denominated the Clink, which
Montague's-houſe in Montague-cloſe, where was is ſtill in being, and the place where the biſhop
alſo the lord Mounteagle's houſe, now, or late, of Wincheſter, by his ſteward and bailiff, holds
part of the eſtate of Overman. eſq; In this pleas for debt, damages, &c.
cloſe it is ſaid Gunpowder-plot was diſcovered by Theſe ſtews, or bawdy-houſes, in the year
the miſcarriage of a letter, to one of which lords | 1381, were plundered by Wat Tyler ; at which
it was delivered by a miſtake inſtead of delivering ic
appears they were kept by Flemiſh bawds.
it to the other; for which happy diſcovery Mon ſee page 8 3. And in the year 1506, they were,
tague cloſe enjoyed ſeveral privileges, particularly || by order of Henry VII. ſhut up; but, being re-
one, viz. chat whoever dwelled there was ex opened ſoon after, their number was reduced from
empted from having any actions of debt, treſpaſs, | eighteen to cwelve. And in the year 1546 they
&c. ſerved on them. But this privilege, as alſo were, by proclamation of Henry VIII. entirely
thoſe of other places, has been ſuppreſſed by act || ſuppreſſed.
of parliament.
Oppoſite the ſouth ſide of St. Saviour's church,
On the weſt of St. Saviour's church, fronting in the church-yard, is a free grammar ſchool,
the river Thames, was ficuate Wincheſter-houſe, founded at the charge of the pariſh, by parent
which was at firſt erected by William Gifford, granted by queen Elizabeth, conſtitucing lix go-
biſhop of that fee, about the year 1107, for his vernors, choſen out of the veftry. To this
city manſion and that of his ſucceſſors; but this ſchool belong two maſters, the firſt of whom has
houſe having been long diſuſed by the ſaid bi zol, and the ſecond 20l. per annum
ſhops, it is now converted into warehouſes and In the ſame place, adjoining to this, is a free
apartments for the poor.
Engliſh ſchool, founded by Dorothy Applebee,
Adjoining to Wincheſter-houſe, on the ſouth, about the year 1681, for thirty poor boys of this
was ſituate that belonging to the bishop of Ro pariſh, to be taught reading, writing, and arith-
cheſter, but when, or by whom erected, is un. metic; for the inaintenance of which ſhe ap-
known,
propriated 2ol. per annum out of an eſtate in
A little weſtward from theſe houſes is the || Fifhmonger-alley, by St. Margaret's-hill; to be
Bank-ſide, ſo denominated from its Gtuation on under the inſpection of the governors of the
the ſouthern bank of the river Thames; which
grammar ſchool.
place was anciently very notorious for its In Three-ton-alley is a free-ſchool for fifty
being the ſeat of the ſtews or licenſed bawdy- || girls, that are taught and cloached by ſubſcription.
In
time
48
7 D

566
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
men.
In angel-court is a free-ſchool for eighty boys | riſh, two churchwardens, and ten other gentlea
of this pariſh, who are educated and cloathed;
to which belongs a freehold eſtate, beſide a vo 23. This pariſh begins at the Falcon in Upper-
luntary ſubſcription,
ground-ſtreet, and extends weſtward to the Barge-
In Deadman's-place is an hoſpital or college houſe on the ſouth ſide, and ten houſes farther on
for the poor of the pariſh, founded by Thomas the north ſide of that ſtreet, and takes in the
Cure, eſq; in the reign of queen Elizabeth. buildings fronting the Thames from Hook's
It conſiſts of fixteen roonis for as many poor men hole, thirty-three houſes weſtward: and Marigold-
and wonen, each of whom hath cwenty-pence per lane, Queen’s-arms-court, Bull-alley, Hook’s-
week, beſides 31. 6s. 8d. given by his ſon, and hole, Guy of Warwick-alley, and Overbodies-
Mrs. Applebee gave 31. per annum for coals. bridge, and from the Barge-houſe, fouthward,
This hoſpital is governed by one of the wardens, in the Broad-wall, it extends to St. George's-
called the College Warden; and a chapel belongs fields, and from thence eaſtward through Melan-
to it, in which prayers are read twice a week bycholy-walk to Slut’s-well, and from thence north-
one of the old men belonging to the ſaid hoſpital ward on the weft ſide of Gravel-lane; all which
or college. There are alſo two more in the ſame part of Sr. Saviour's pariſh was called Paris-
college, founded by Henry Sprat. In the church garden-liberty.
yard are two rooms for two poor people, founded Returning again to the Borough we find, on
by Mr. Henry Jackſon in the year 1682, each of the eaſt fide thereof, near the middle,
whom hath iwenty-pence per week. Likewife
two houſes founded by Henry Young, efq; who
St. THOM A S's HOSPITAL.
endowed them with 51. 4s. per annum, paid
weekly.
This is a very noble and extenfive charity,
This pariſh extends from Chequer-alley on the founded for the reception of the neceſſitous fick
eaſt ſide of the High-ſtreet or Borough, includ-
and wounded.
ing the ſouth ſide of that alley to Ax-and-bottle With reſpect to the origin of this hoſpital, ie
yard, and takes in all the yards and alleys in that is to be obſerved, that the priory of St. Mary
ſpace of ground. It extends on the weſt fide of Overies being deſtroyed by fire in the year 1207
the Borough or High-ftreet from the Maidenhead the canons erected at a ſmall diſtance an occaſional
alehouſe, fouthward to Bell-yard, and weſtward edifice to anſwer the ſame purpoſe, till their mo-
from Piper's-alley to the Falcon along the Thames naſtery could be rebuilt ; which being accom-
fide ; from thence ſouthward to Slut’s-well, in- | pliſhed, Peter de Rupibus, biſhop of Wincheſter,
cluding the eaſt fide of Gravel·lane, along by for the greater convenience of air and water,
the Black-ditch to Bell-yard, including all the l pulled it down in 1215, and erected it in a place
ſtreers, alleys, &c. in that compaſs.
where the prior of Bermondſey had two years be-
At ſome diſtance from this, towards the weſt, fore built an almonry, or alms-houſe for the re-
is ficuate the pariſh of
ception of indigent children, and neceffitous pro-
ſelytes; and having dedicated the new ſtructure
CHRIST CHURCH. to St. Thomas the Apoſtle, he endowed it with
land to the value of 3431. per annum; from
This church was founded by Mr. John Marſhal, which time it was held of the abbot of Bermond-
of the Borough, gent. in 1627, who endowed it fey, and an hoſpital has continued in the ſame
with bol. per annum, towards the maintenance place ever ſince.
of a miniſter. In 1670 it was made parochial, In 1428 one of the abbots granted the founda-
and a diſtinct pariſh from St. Saviour's, and a
dation lands to Nicholas Buckland, the maſter of
rectory by act of parliament.
the hoſpital, and in that condition they remained,
The preſent church was built in or about the till at the diffolution of religious houſes in the
year 1737, at the expence of the pariſh, and is reign of Henry VIII. this fell with the reſt.
a regular well-conſtructed building, with a ſquare In the year 1551 the Lord-mayor and citizens
The patronage is at preſent in thirteen having purchaſed of king Edward VI. the ma-
truſtees, and the value is computed at 1401. per
nor of Southwark, with its appurtenances, for
annum beſides perquiſites,
for the ſum of 6471. 2s. id. a part whereof be-
The veſtry is free; and the pariſh offices are, ing this hoſpital, the city immediately repaired
feven auditors of accounts, iwo churchwardens, and enlarged it at the expence of about cool.
and two overſeers and collectors. Beſides which and in November following receiving into it two
there are four conftables, three headboroughs, hundred and fixty poor fick and helpleſs objects,
and two ſcavengers.
the hoſpital ſtill retained its ancient name, St.
There is in this pariſh a charity-ſchool for Thomas's ; and in 1553 the king incorporated a
thirty boys and twenty girls, maintained by fub. fociety of perſons for its government, in common
º ſcription ; a work-houſe for the poor; and a neat with the two other great charities, Bridewell and
building ſituate about two hundred yards to the Chriſt's-hoſpital.
caft of the church, founded by Charles Hopton, Though this hoſpital eſcaped the fire of Lon-
eſq; about the year 1730, for twenty-fix poor don in 1666, yet it deſtroyed a great part of its
men, who have been houſekeepers, and come to poffefſions; and two others which happened a
decay; each of whom has an upper and lower few years after in Southwark, contributed to the
room, with ten pounds per annum paid monthly, diſtreſs. By theſe accidents the hoſpital of St.
and a chaldron of coals; and committed to the Thomas was almoſt reduced to ruin. The build-
truſt and management of the miniſter of the pa ing was, old, and wanted great repairs, and the
funds
tower.

Engraved for Chamberlainis Hiftory of London .
.
View of S: Thomas's Hospital in Southwark.
III
0
অসসি
LE
LUME
2.
La
View of Gur's Hospital,
GUY's HOSPITAL in Southwark.

HISTORY and SURVÉ Ï of LONDON
567
funds that Mould have ſupported it were exhauft behind him is placed upon a kind of ſmall pédeſtaa
ed. But in the year 1699 the governors ſet on his crown laid upon a cuſhion. This ſtatue is ſur-
foot a voluntary ſubſcription, which they opened rounded with iron rails, and ſtands upon à lofty
by large donations from themſelves and their ſtone pedeſtal, upon which is the following in-
friends, and the public followed the example. ſcription in capitals :
The building was begun upon a larger and more
commodious plan, and erected at different times
This ſtatue
by the alliſtance of various benefactors, till it be-
Of king Edward the ſixth,
came entirely completed, and conſiſts in the whole
A moft excellent prince,
of three quadrangles or ſquare courts.
Of exemplary piety and wiſdom
Next the ſtreet is a handſome pair of large iron
above his years;
gates, with a door of the ſame work on each ſide The glory and ornament of his age;
for the convenience of foot paſſengers. Theſe
and munificent founder
are faſtened on the ſides to a ſtone pier, on each
of this hoſpital,
of which is a ftatue repreſenting one of the patients:
Was erected at the expence
Theſe gates open into a very neat ſquare court,
of Charles Joyce, Eſquire,
encompaſſed on three ſides with a colonade, fur-
in the year MDCCXXXVII.
rounded with benches next the wall, for people
to ſit down. On the ſouth under an empty niche On the oppoſite face of the pedeſtal is the
is the following infcription :
fame inſcription in Latin.
In the midddle of the eaſt ſide of this court is
This building on the ſouth ſide of this court, con a ſpacious paſſage into the next; the ſtructure
taining three wards, was erected at the charge of above being ſupported by rows of columns. The
Thomas Frederick, of London, efq; a worthy buildings in the third court are older than the
governor, and liberal benefactor to this hoſpital, others, and are entirely ſurrounded with a colo-
Anno 1708.
nade, above which they are adorned with a kind
of long ſlender Ionic pilaſters, with very ſmall
Under the ſame kind of niche, on the oppoſite capitals
. In the center is a ſtone ftatue of Ro-
fide, is this inſcription :
bert Clayton, eſq; dreſſed in his robes as Lord-
mayor, ſurrounded with iron rails, upon the weſt
This building on the north ſide of this court, con ſide of the pedeſtal is his arms in relievo, and on
taining three wards, was erected at the charge of the ſouth ſide the following inſcription :
Thomas Guy, eſq; citizen and ſtationer of London,
a worthy governor, and bountiful benefastor to this To Sir Robert Clayton, knt. born in Nor-
hoſpital, Anno 1707.
thamptonſhire, citizen and Lord-mayor of
London, preſident of this hoſpital, and vice-
The center of the principal front, which is on preſident of the new work-houſe, and a
the weſt ſide, facing the ſtreet, is of ſtone. On bountiful benefactor to it; a juft magiſtrate,
the top is a clock under a ſmall circular pediment, and brave defender of the liberty and reli-
and beneath that a niche with a ſtatue of Ed gion of his country. Who (beſides many
ward VI. holding a ſceptre in his right hand, and other inſtances of his charity to the poor)
the charter in his left. A little lower, in niches built the girls ward in Chriſt's hoſpital, gave
on each ſide is a man with a crutch, and a fick firſt towards the rebuilding of this houſe bool.
woman; and under them, in other niches, a man and left by his laſt will 2 zool. to the poor
with a wooden leg, and a woman with her arm in of it. This ſtatue was erected in his life-time
a ſling: over the niches are feſtoons, and between by the governors, An. Dom. MDCCI. as a
the laſt mentioned figures the king's arms in re monument of their eſteem of ſo much worth;
lievo. Under which is the following inſcription : and to preſerve his memory after death,
was by them beautified An. Dom. MDCCXIV.
King Edward the ſixth, of pious memory, in
the year of our Lord 1552, founded and endow By this noble charity many hundred thouſand
ed this hoſpital of St. Thomas the apoſtle, toge of the poor have ſince its foundation received re-
ther with the hoſpitals of Chriſt and Bridewell in lief ; and been cured of the various diſorders to
London.
which human nature is ſubject ; and though the
eſtates at firſt belonging to this foundation were
Underneath is a ſpacious paſſage down ſeveral || ruined, yet by the liberal munificence of the ci-
ſteps into the ſecond court, which is by far the tizens ſince that time, the annual diſburſements
moſt elegant, It has colonades like the former, have of late amounted to near 8oool. The houſe
except at the front of the chapel which is on the contains nineteen wards, and 474 beds, which
north ſide ; and is adorned with lofty pilaſters of are conſtantly occupied; beſide theſe they have
the Corinthian order, placed on high pedeſtals a conſiderable number of out patients.
which riſe from the ground, and on the top is a The number of governors in this and the
pediment, as there is alſo on the center of the other city hoſpitals, are unlimited, and there-
weſt and eaſt fides. And the fronts of the wards, fore uncertain. . They chuſe their own officers
above the piazzas are ornamented with handſome and ſervants, both men and women: theſe are, a
Ionic pilaſters.
preſident, a treaſurer, an hoſpitaller or chaplain,
In the midſt of this court is a good braſs ſtatue four phyſicians, three fargeons, an apothecary, a
of king Edward VI, by Mr. Scheemakers, and || clerk, a ſteward, a matron, a brewer and butcher,
a cook,

568
HISTORY and SURKEY of LONDON.
a cook, aſſiſtant and fervant, an alliſtant clerk in great expedition, he cauſed the foundation of the
the compring-houſe, two porters, four beadles, intended hoſpital to be laid the foll-wing ſpring;
nineteen fiſters, nineteen nurles, nineteen watch and this vaſt of fabric was roofed before the death
women, a chapel clerk and fexton, and one of the founder, which happened on the twenty-
watchman. On the north ſide of St. Thomas's feventh of December 1724.
behind this hoſpital, ſtands the pariſh church of The only motive that induced Mr. Guy to erect
this hoſpital in ſo low and cloſe a ſituation, was
St. T H OM AS. O
his deſign of purting it under the management
and direction of the governors of that of St.
This church was originally erected for the uſe Thomas. But by the advice of his friends he
of the hoſpital; but the number of houſes and altered his reſolution : it was then, however, too
inhabitants having greatly increaſed in the pre late to think of chuſing another ſituation, for the
cinct of that hoſpital, it was judged neceſſary to building was raiſed to the ſecond ſtory, but he
make the church parochial for the uſe of the ir. rendered the place as agreeable as poſſible by its
habitants, and to erect a chapel in the hoſpital for elevation above the neighbouring ítreets.
the uſe of the patients. This church is there The charge of erecting and furniſhing this hof-
fore neither a rectory, vicarage, nor donative, || pital amounted to the ſum of 18,7931. 165. great
but a ſort of in propriation in the gift of the part of which he expended in his life-time; and
hoſpital, the governors chuſing one out of two
the ſum he left to endow it amounted to 219,4991,
returned by the pariſhioners. Hetqi
both together amounting to 238,2921. 16s, a
The church is a plain brick building enlight much larger ſum than was ever before left in this
ened by one ſeries of large windows, and the kingdom by one ſingle perſon to charitable uſes.
corners ſtrengthened and adorned with ruſtic, as is The entrance into this building is by an ele-
the corners of the tower. The principal door gant and noble iron gate, hung on very handſome
has a cornice ſupported by ſcrolls and a circular piers, which open into a ſquare; in the middle
pediment, and the tower, inſtead of a balustrade, of which is a brazen ftatue of the founder in his
is crowned with a blocking courſe of the attic livery gown, and well executed. In the front of
kind.
the pedeſtal is this infcription :
The government of this church is in a ſelect
veftry, which conſifts of fixteen perſons, and che THOMAS GUY SOLE FOUNDER OF THIS HOPITAL
minifter; and in two churchwardens, two over IN HIS LIFE-TIME. A. D. MDCCXXI.
ſeers, two conſtables, and two ſcavengers. The
miniſter receives 6ol, per annum from the gover On the weſt ſide of the pedeſtal is repreſented
nors of the hoſpital in lieu of tythes.
in baſſo relievo the parable of the Good Samari.
Here are alms-houſes for the poor, and a ſchool, tan ; on the ſouth ſide is Mr. Guy's arms; and
ſupported by private contribucions, for the edu on that ſide facing the caſt is Our Saviour healing
cating, cloathing, and puting apprentice thirty the impotent man.
boys. And on the firſt of May the pariſhioners The ſuperſtructure of this hoſpital has three
have a feaſt of love, at which the ſtewards collect floors beſides the garrets, and the ſame conſtruc-
money to put out the children of poor houſe tion runs through the whole building, which is fo
keepers to ſervice, or to be apprentices.
extenſive as to contain twelve wards, in which
Not far from St. Thomas's church ſtands are 435 beds; and the whole is advantageouly
diſpoſed for the mutual accommodation of the
GU Y's HOSPITAL.
ſick, and of thoſe who attend them.
Soon after Mr. Guy's deceaſe, his executors,
This hoſpital was founded by Mr. Thomas purſuant to his laſt will, applied to parliament
Guy, a citizen and bookſeller of London, who, to get themſelves and fifty other gentlemen no.
from a ſmall beginning, amaſſed an immenſe for minated by the founder, to be incorporated go-
tune, by his induſtry and frugality ; and more vernors of the intended hoſpital; upon which all
particulaaly by purchaſing ſeamens tickets in the theſe gentlemen were conſtituted a body politic
reign of queen Ann; and by his ſucceſs in buy. and corporate, by the name of the preſident, and
ing and ſelling South Sea ſtock in the year 1720. governors of this hoſpital; : they were to have
He was never married nor had any near relations; perpetual ſucceſſion and a common ſeal, with the
and therefore, towards the cloſe of his life, con power of poſſeſſing the real and perſonal eſtates of
fidering how he ſhould diſpoſe of his wealth, he the late Thomas Guy, tlq; for the purpoſes of
at length reſolved to be the founder of the moſt the will, and to purchaſe in perpetuiry, or for
extenſive charity ever eſtabliſhed by one man. any term of years, any other eftate whatſoever, ,
He was ſeventy-ſix years of age when he took not exceeding 12,000l. per annum.
this reſolution, and having no time to loſe, im This corporation was nu fooner eſtabliſhed by
mediately purchaſed of the preſident and gover parliament, than the preſident and governors ſec
nors of St. Thomas's hoſpital, a leaſe of a piece || heartily about the work, by finiſhing and fur-
of ground oppoſite to thac hoſpital, for the rerm niſhing the hoſpital, chuſing their officers and
of 999 years, at a ground rent of 301. a year. ſervants, and taking in pacients, whoſe number
And as this was covered with finall houſes that at firſt amounted to 402. For the more effectual
were old and ill tenanted, he immediately gave preventing inferior fervants preying upon poor
the inhabitants notice of his intention, and when patients, or their friends, they reſolved to give
they had removed their effects, pulled down the them handſome ſalaries ; which they ftipulared as
buildings in the year 1721, and proceeding with follow.
A

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
569
00
O
O
O
O
0
O
0
O
80
O
O
O
2
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
to
0
0
O
o
O
8
A liſt of the Oficers and Servants belonging to built the two large houſes on its ſides, and erecta
Guy's Hoſpital, with an account of their reſpective ed the fine iron gate between them, all at the ex-
ſalaries and wages.
pence of 3000l. At his death, he left to his
poor aged relations the ſum of 870l. a year during
Per Annum
1.
their life; and among his younger relations, who
To the Treaſurer
were very nunierous, and his executors, he left
To the Clerk
40
the ſum of 75,5891. He left the governors of
To the Steward
80
Chriſt's hoſpital, a perpetual annuity of 400l.
To the Chaplain
80
for taking in four children annually, at the no-
To two Phyſicians 401. each
80
mination of the governors; and bequeathed 1000l.
To two Surgeons 40l. each
for diſcharging poor priſoners within the city of
To the Apothecary
80
London, and the counties of Middleſex and
To the Surgery Man
30
Surry, who could be releaſed for the ſum of sl.
To the Apothecary's two Servants 78
by which ſum, and the good management of his
To the Butler, with his hørle 67 8 executors, there were above ſix hundred poor per-
To the Cook, and her Servant
32
fons ſet at liberty, from the ſeveral priſons within
To the Porter
35
the bills of mortality,
To the Beadle
30
At the ſouth extremity of the Borough or
To the Matron
50
High-ſtreet, formerly ſtood a church dedicated
To eleven fifters 251. each
275
Margaret ; on whoſe ſite is now erected a
To eighi nurſes 161. each
128
court of juſtice, which court-houſe ſtands on a
To twelve Watch-women iol. 8s.
ſmall colonade that leads to a tavern, over which
each
124 16 0 is the court-room where the ſteward for the city
To one Brother belonging to the
of London holds a court of record every Mon-
Lunaticks
35
day, for all debts, damages, and treſpaſſes with-
To one Siſter belonging to ditto 25
in his limits. On the front of this edifice is the
ftatue of king Charles II. under which is the fol-
Sum Total 1349 18
lowing infcription:
Theſe officers and ſervants are choſen by the Combuftum anno 1670, re-ædificatum anno 1685
ſixty governors, who have carried on this noble & 1686. Jacobo Smyth, Mil. & Roberto
charity in ſuch a manner as to reſtore eaſe and Geffery, Mil. Prætoribus. Impenſis S. P. Q. L.
health to many thouſands of their fellow-ſubjects.
Beſides which, the expence of the out-patients Beſides this court, there are alſo three court-
who receive medicines gratis, generally amount to leets held in the borough: for it contains three
about 16ool. per annum.
liberties or manors, viz. the Great liberty, the
It may not be improper, before we conclude Guildable, and the King's manor, in which are
this article, to mention ſome other particulars re choſen conſtables, ale-conners, &c. There are
lating to Mr. Guy, in order to do juſtice to the alſo court-leets kept at Bermondſey, Rotherhithe,
character of that great benefactor to the public, and Lambeth.
by which it will be ſeen the little foundation there Directly fouthward from this court runs a
is for the general opinion of his being remarka ſpacious, wide, and well inhabited ſtreet of ſub-
ble for nothing more than his parſimony and ftantial tradeſmen and dealers, and inn-keepers,
avarice.
which is called St. Margaret's-hill, and extends
He was a patron of liberty and of the rights as far as the ſouth-weſt corner of St. George's
of his fellow-ſubjects, which, to his great honour, church.
he ſtrenuouſly afferted in ſeveral parliaments, On the eaſt ſide of this ſtreet is ſituate
whereof he was a member for the borough of
Tamworth in Staffordſhire, the place of his birth. The MARSHAL SE A PRISON.
To this town he was a general benefactor ; and
early in his life he not only contributed towards This is a place of confinement for perſons who
the relief of private families in diſtreſs, but erect have committed crimes at ſea, as pirates, &c. and
ed an alms-houſe, with a library, in that borough, for debtors. In this priſon is the Marſhalſea
for the reception of fourteen poor men and wo court, the judges of which are, the lord ſteward
men, to whoni he allowed a certain penſion dur of his majeſty's houſhold for the time being ; the
ing his life, and at his death he bequeathed the ſteward of the court, who muſt be a barriſter ac
annual fum of 1251. towards their future ſupport, law; and a deputy ſteward. In all civil actions
and for putting out children apprentices, &c. tried in this court, both the plaintiff and defen-
In the year 1701 Mr. Guy built and furniſhed, dant muſt belong to his majeſty's houſhold. The
at his own expence, three wards on the north ſide perſons confined here for crimes at ſea, take their
of the outer court of St. Thomas's hoſpital, and trials at the Old Bailey.
gave to thoſe wards rool. a year, for eleven years In the ſame priſon is the Palace court, the ju-
immediately preceding the foundation of his hoſ rifdiction of which extends twelve miles round
pital. Some cime before his death he renioved the palace of Weſtminſter, the city of London
che frontiſpiece of St. Thonias's hoſpital, which only excepted ; and the debtors within any part
ſtood over the gateway in the borough, and of Weſtminſter, and twelve miles round, may
erected it in the place where it now ſtands, front. be taken to this priſon for a debt of 4os. Alions
ing the ftreet: he alſo enlarged the gateway ; re-
for debt are tried in this court every Friday, and
7 E
there
48

570
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
Gituate
there are the ſame judges, counſellors and attor are raiſed a ſeries of Ionic columns ſupporcing the
nies here as in the Marſhalſea court; there are, baſe of the ſpire, which has ribs on the angles,
befides the judges already mentioned; a protho and openings in all the faces. The top is crown-
notary, a ſecondary, a deputy prothonotary; four ed with a ball from which riſes the fane.
counſellors, and fix actornies. But in this court The veftry is ſelect, and the pariſh officers are,
neither the plaintiff nor defendant muſt belong three churchwardens, fix conſtables, four fider-
to his majeſty's hovſhold.
men, three ſurveyors of the highway, and four
The buildings of this priſon are mean and
ſcavengers.
ruinous; but the court-roorn is tolerably ſpacious The remarkable places in this pariſh are, the
and convenient.
King's bench priſon, the Marſhallea, the county
How long this priſon has been kept in South jail, a bridewell, or houſe of correction, and the
wark cannot be aſcertained; but that it is of con Lock-hoſpital. A charity-ſchool for fifty boys,
fiderable ſtanding will appear from the following maintained by ſubſcription ; a baptift meeting in
Occurrence :
White's-ſtreet; and an independent meecing in
Bridewell-alley.
In the year 1377 the duke of Lancaſter, ford At the ſouth eaſt corner of Kent-ftreet is
high admiral of the kingdom, having aſſembled
the royal navy at London, a ſailor belonging to
the ſame happened to be killed by a gentleman; The LOCK HOSPITAL.
which was ſo highly reſented by the failors in
general, that they commenced a profecution This was anciently a houſe for the reception
againſt him for murder ; but obferving the par and cure of lepers ; but at preſent it belongs to
tiality of the coure in his favour, and that a par St. Bartholomew's-hoſpital, and is appropriated
don had been obtained to ſecure him in caſe of to the cure of veneral patients.
danger, theſe proceedings exaſperated the proſe It is a ſmall neat edifice; at the ſouth end of
cutors to ſuch a degree, that they ran in a body which is a chapel, built about 120 years ago.
to the Marſhalſea priſon; and breaking open the The ſtreet from St. George's church, ſouth-
fame, ſeized the priſoner, and murdered him ward, is called Blackman-ſtreet; at the ſouth
upon the ſpot; after which they dragged his welt corner of which there is a road, that runs
body to the gallows, hung it thereon, and by through St. George's-fields to Weſtminſter-bridge,
found of trumpet returned to their reſpective At the north vaſt corner of this road ſtands
ſhips in triumph. And in the year 1381 Wat
Tyler, with his rebellious crew, broke open this The KIN G's BENCH PRISON.
priſon, with ſeveral others, and releaſed the pri-
133
foners.
This is a place of confinement for debtors ;
At the ſouth eaſt angle of this ſtreet, on the and for thoſe fentenced by the court of King's-
ſame fide ſtands the parılh church of
bench to ſuffer impriſonment for libels and other
miſdemeanors ; but thoſe who can purchaſe the
St. G E O R G E,
|| liberties have the benefit of walking through a
part of the Borough, and in St. George’s-fields.
Though we cannot trace the origin of this This priſon is ſituated in a fine air; but all proſ-
church, yet, that it is of great antiquity is mani pect of the fi:lds, even from the uppermoſt win-
feſt from its being given by Thomas Arderne to dows, is excluded by the height of the walls with
the abbot and monks of Bermondſey, in the year
which it is ſurrounded. It has a neat chapel for
However, the late fabrick, being greatly the performance of divine worſhip, and only one
decayed by age, the pariſhioners applied to para bed in each room ; but theſe rooms are extremely
liament to have the ſame rebuilt ; and having ob ſmall; they are all exactly alike, and none above
tained an act for that purpoſe, the ſame was ta nine feet in length. It is a new brick building,
ken down, and the firſt ſtone of the preſent ſtruc without which the marſhal, who has the keeping
ture laid in the beginning of the year 1734, and of this jail, has very handſome apartments. Pri-
the work being carried on with great expedition, ſoners in any other jail may remove hither by
the ſame was finiſhed in the year 1736.
Habeas Corpus.
This church which is a rectory, is thus deno. On the ſouth weſt of this road, near the turn-
minated from its dedication to St. George, the pike, is a modern charity called
the Cappadocian martyr; and the advowſon
thereof is in the gift of the crown. The profits
- The A SY L U M.
ariſing to the incumbent amount to about 2201.
per annum.
This charitable foundation was eſtabliſhed in
To this church there is an aſcent by a fight of order to preſerve poor friendleſs and deſerted
ſteps, defended by plain iron rails. The door caſe, girls, under twelve years of age, from the mile-
which is Ionic has a circular pediment, ornament ries and dangers to which they would be expoſed,
ed with the heads of cherubims in clouds; and and from the guilt of proſtitution.
on each ſide of this pediment, which reaches to The evils this charity is intended to prevent,
the height of che roof the front is adorned with are not chimerical but founded on facts. It too
a baluſtrade and vafes. From this part the tower often happens, that by the death of the father, a
riſes plain, ſtrengthened with ruſtic quoins, as is mother intitled to no relief from any pariſh, is
the body of the building, and on the corners of left with ſeveral helplefs children to be ſupplied
the tower are again placed vafes. From hence from her induſtry ; her reſource for fubfiſtence
II 22.
IS

HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON. 1
571
is uſually to ſome low occupation, ſcarcely ſuf in a year, will be entered in the ſubſcription book
ficient to afford bread and cloathing, and rarely as perpetual guardians.
the means of inſtruction. What then muſt be 5. There is to be an annual general meeting
come of the daughters of ſuch parents, poor and of the guardians on the ſecond Wedneſday in
illiterate as they are, and
thereby expoſed to protein. A general quarterly meeting is to be held
temptation ? Neceſſity may make them proſti-
tutes, even before their pallion can have any ſhare on the ſecond Wedneſday in July, the fecond
in their guilt. Among theſe unhappy objects
, Wedneſday in January, the ſecond Wedneſday
very agreeable features are frequently ſeen diſ in April, and the ſecond Wedneſday in October,
guiſed amidſt dirt and rags, and this ſtill expoſes for auditing the accounts, and making laws and
them to greater hazards; for theſe are the girls rules for the government of the charity and for
which the vile procureſs ſeeks after; the trepans other buſineſs.
them to her brothel, even while they are yet 7. A commitee is appointed, to conſiſt of thirty
children, and ſhe cleans and dreſſes them up for guardians, who are to meet every Wedneſday at
proftitution. But what is ſtill more dreadful, eleven o'clock in the forenoon at the Aſylum, to
maternal duty and affection have been fo cho tranſact the buſineſs of the charity; and they are
roughly obliterated, that even mothers themſelves from time to time, to report their proceedings to
have been the ſeducers ; they have enfnared their che following general court, and any three of the
children to the houſe of the procureſs; and ſhared faid gentlemen conſtitute a quorum. In theſe
with her the infamous gain of initiating their committees are a preſident, vice preſident and a
daughters in lewdneſs: or if this has not been treaſurer.
the caſe, they have too often been prevailed on, 8. The officers and ſervants of the houſe are
for a crifiing conſideration, to conceal and forgive a phyſician, two ſurgeons, an apothecary and a
the crine of the infamous bawd.
chaplain.
Theſe and other conſiderations induced a num A ſecretary, who keeps the accounts of the
ber of noblemen and gentlenen, who had ap hoſpital, and does all ſuch other buſineſs as is
proved of a propoſal from John Fielding, eſq; one commonly done by ſecretaries, clerks, and re-
of the juſtices for the liberty of Weſtminſter, to gifters, at other charicies.
hold their firſt meeting on the tenth of May A matron, who ſuperintends the affairs of the
1758, for carrying into execution a plan of this houſe, takes care of the proviſions and furniture,
Aſylum. Several other meetings were ſoon after delivers an account of the current expences
held, in which the rules and orders for the recep- weekly to the ſecretary, to be laid before the com-
tion and management of the children were eſta mittee. She is to ſee that the children are properly
bliſhed, and the leaſe of a houſe, lately the employed, that they are attentive to their learn-
Hercules inn near Weſtminſter-bridge, agreed for. ing, and that they behave with decency; that the
This houſe was foon fitted up, and furniſhed, and teachers do their duty, and that they treat the
the firſt children admitted on the fifth of July fol children with humanity. The ſervants under her,
lowing.
are teachers of reading, knitting, ſewing, &c.
The rules and orders eſtabliſhed are as fol a cook, a houſe-maid, and a ſervant man.
low :
9. The objects to be admitted are orphans,
the daughters of neceſſicous parents, reſiding in
1. The qualification of a perpetual guardian || pariſhes where they have no relief, and deſerted
is a benefaction of thirty guineas or upwards, at girls within the bills of mortality, from eight to
one payment.
twelve years of age ; but infirm children are not
2. That of an annual guardian is a fubſcrip- || admitted, as the objects of this charity are to be
tion of three guineas or upwards per annum. conſtantly employed in every branch of good
3. Ladies ſubfcribing the ſaid ſums, will be houſwifry.
conſidered as guardians of this charity, and have 10. Each object applying for admiſſion, muſt
a right of voting at all general elections, by || produce ſuch certificate of her age and neceſlity,
proxy, ſuch proxy being a guardian, or they may as ſhall be ſatisfactory to the guardians then pre-
ſend a letter to the board, naming therein the per fent and in all caſes, wherein, during the infancy;
ſon they vote for, which ſhall be conſidered as of this Aſylum more objects ſhall apply for ad-
their vote. It is eſteemed by the guardians a miſſion than the Aſylum can at once receive, the
benefit to the charity, for the ladies occaſionally names of the objects not admitted are entered in
to viſit the houſe, and inſpect the management a book kept for that purpoſe, and a notice is ſeno
of the children; the matron being ordered to at to the perſons, ſignifying the certificate of each
tend fuch ladies, and to give them all neceſſary || child, of the firſt opportunity of taking in ſuch
information : and, whatever obſervations they children that ſhall happen afterwards; in filling up
may then make, or whatever hints, at other times, all which, the children, before refuſed, have the
may occur to them, for the good of the charity, preference as they ſtand upon the entry: each of
if they will be pleaſed to tranſmit them by letter the above certificates muſt be figned by two ſub-
to the ſecretary, or to the committe, who meet ftantial houſekeepers, of the pariſh where the ob-
every Wedneſday in the forenoon at the Aſylum, || ject reſides.
they will be immediately taken into conſideration, 11. The children are regularly and alternately
and have all reſpectful regard fhewn to them. employed in reading, knitcing, ſewing, and in
4. Thoſe gentlemen and ladies, who have alrea the buſineſs of the kitchen, to which lacrer em-
dy ſubſcribed leffer fums than thirty guineas, by ployment four are appointed weekly, to be with
making up their ſubſcriptions to thac fum, with che cook, to aſſiſt her, and to receive from her the
neceffary

572
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON..
neceſſary inſtructions in plain cookery, curing
proviſions, and other employments of the kitchen.
They likewiſe make the beds, clean the rooms,
aſſiſt in waſhing and ironing the linen, and in
other houſhold buſineſs, according to their re-
ſpective ages and abilities, at the diſcretion of the
matron.
12. The chaplain preaches on Sundays, and
performs the other parts of divine ſervice, and
catechiſes the children. On the other days of the
weck prayers are alſo read by the marron or teach-
er; and fome portion of ſcripture is read by thoſe
of the children who are beſt able. They have
alſo each of them a common prayer book, and
the new teſtament, and other good books are
likewiſe provided for them.
women.
By this noble charity a great number of un-
happy children have not only been preſerved
from the brink of deſtruction, but have likewiſe
become an happineſs to their parents, and uſeful
members to ſociety.
In the north-weſt diviſion of St. George's-
fields is a new road cutting which is to lead from
Black-friars bridge to Newington ; near the north
end of which, on the weſt ſide is, at this time,
erecting a very handſome and extenſive building,
as a Magdalen houſe, for the reception of peni-
tent proſtitutes, who, as ſoon as it is finiſhed, will
be removed hither from their preſent ficuation in
Preſcot-ſtreet, Goodmans-fields.
Proceeding fouthward from Blackman-ſtreet,
we come to a village called Newington-Butts,
where, near the turnpike, is another new road
which communicates between Weſtininfter bridge
and the county of Kent, through Deptford and
Black heath. This village extends from Black-
man-ſtreet to Kennington-common, and was ſo
called from the exerciſe of ſhooting at butts,
much practiſed on this ſpot of ground in ancient
days; or from being the patrimony of the family
of Butts in Norfolk.
A little to the ſouthward of the turnpike, on
the ſouth-weſt corner of Newington, ſtand
erected by that gentleman, and the pleaſant walks
before ir.
The fifhmongers company erected St. Peter's
hoſpital by virtue of letters patent granted by
king James I. in the year 1618, for the reception
of ſeveral of their poor members who had pen-
ſions bequeathed them by the wills of ſeveral
members of the company: thirteen of whom
were beadfmen and women of the company's
great benefactor Sir Thomas Kneſworth, who in
1513 left them 8d. per week each. Sir Thomas
Hunt alſo in 1615 left 201. 1os. per annum to-
wards the ſupport of fix ancient poor men and
In 1620 Richard Edmunds bequeathed
an annual ſum of 61. towards the maintenance of
two poor perſons, which number of twenty-one
penſioners, with one added by the company, were
put into this hofpical ; and ſoon after Sir John
Leman, Sir John Gayer, Mr. Harper, Arthur
Mouſe and Mrs. Ann Bromſgrove, by their re-
ſpective wills demiſed ſeveral lums to the amount
of 281. per annum.
Each of the twenty-two alms-people have two
rooms, and an allowance of 3s. per week, 158.
at Chriſtmas, and a chaldron of coals and a gown
yearly. And one of the penſioners, who reads
prayers twice a day in the chapel, has an addi-
tional allowance of 4os. per annum. .
The more modern ſtructure, as before men-
tioned, was founded by Mr. James Hulbert, citi-
zen and filhmonger, for the accommodation of
twenty poor men and women ; who, beſides two
neat rooms to lie in, have each an allowance of
35. per week, one chaldron of coals, a gown
every year, and 155. at Chriſtmas.
Not far from theſe alms-houſes, on the weſt
ſide of the village, is fituare the pariſh church
of
St. M A RY, NEWINGTON.
FISHMONGERS ALMSHOUSES.
Theſe almfhouſes, which are very handſome
buildings, were founded and erected at different
times. The moſt ancient is St. Peter's hoſpital, a
Gothic ſtructure, built with brick and ſtone,
with a brick wall before it, within which are cwo
rows of tall trees, and behind the buildings a
garden.
The entrance is by a pair of iron gates opening
to the center of the building, which is lofty, but
irregular. On the inſide are two courts behind
each other, in which is a hall with painted win-
dows and a chapel. Inſcriptions on the ſides of
theſe courts fnew that they were built at different
cimes.
To the ſouth of this hoſpital is another found.
ed by Mr. James Hulbert, a liveryman of the
fifhmongers company, in the year 1719, whoſe
ftatue is erected upon a pedeſtal; and in the wall
which extends before both, are iron rails to afford
a view of this ſtatue, the more modern hoſpital,
This church, which is dedicated to the Virgin
Mary, is a rectory of very ancient foundation
It is one of the peculiars belonging to che archa
biſhop of Canterbury, and is valued at 140l. per
annum, in the gift of the biſhop of Wincheſter.
The veftry is general; and the pariſh officers
are, two churchwardens, four fideſmen, and four
overſeers and collectors. The peace officers are,
four conſtables, four headborough., two ſurvey-
ors of the highway, and two ſcavengers.
Here are eight alms-houſes for the poor of the
pariſh, and for eight of the Drapers company,
founded by Mr. Waller.
On the weſt of Southwark, and near the ſouth
end of Weſtminſter-bridge, is the village of Lam-
beth. This place takes its name from Lame-
hithe, i. e. dirty-harbour. It is famous in ſtory
for the death of Canute, the valiant Daniſh king
of England; and for many ages the reſidence of
the archbiſhops of Canterbury, as it had been
long before the ſeats of the biſhops of Rocheſter.
The palace belonging to the archbiſhop of
Canterbury was originally built by archbiſhop
Baldwin in 1188, whoſe firſt intention was ta
raiſe a ſuperb ſtructure ac Hackington, near this
place; but the monks, with whom he was at va-
riance,

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
573
riance, obtained the pope's miandate againſt it; each paaty, till at length a mandate was obtain-
when, taking down what he had erected, he re ed of the pope, wherein the biſhops and monks
nioved the beft of the materials to Lambeth, were injoined to unite in the election: purſuant to
with which he built the palace, a college and which, the time of chuſing was appointed; but
church, having before purchaſed the ground of the refractory monks not appearing, the ſuffragans
the biſhop and convent of Rocheſter, by a fair choſe Baldwin, biſhop of Worceſter, for their
exchange.
metropolitan ; which the monks highly reſenting,
In the year 2250 Boniface, archbiſhop of Can ſtrenuouſly exerted themſelves to invalidate the
terbury, having, by his arrogance, rendered him election. But the king, who was a great favourer
ſelf hateful to the citizens of London, retired, of Baldwin, being made acquainted with the dea
for the ſecurity of his perſon, to this palace; and mands and promiſes of the monks, prevailed
finding it in a ruinous condition, within the ſpace upon him to renounce his election, and the elec-
of three years rebuilt the whole north fide, the tors to declare the ſame void. The monks hay.
archiepiſcopal apartments, the library and cloy- ling obtained what they wanted, proceeded to a
iters, the guard chamber, the chapel, and Lol new election, and, according to their previous
lards tower.
declaration, re-elected Baldwin.
From that time this palace became the reſidence However, the king, willing to repreſs the in-
of the greateſt perfons of the church, and was ſolence of the monks, endeavoured, by the fol-
foon enlarged by many additional buildings : || lowing ſtratagem, to wreſt from them the power
cardinal Pool built the gate, which, for that electing their archbiſhop:
time, is a noble ſtructure. The Lollards tower, He commanded Baldwin, the archbiſhop, to
which is thus named from a room in it prepared build a college at Hackington, near Canterbury;
for the impriſonment of the followers of Wick for which he (the king) was to erect one prebend,
liff, the Britiſh reformer, who were called Lola and each of the ſuffragans of the province ano-
lards, was finiſhed by Chickely, and remains a ther, whereof, as founders, they were to have the
laſting memorial of his cruelty, and antichriſtian perpetual patronage; which was done with a view
fpirit. It is a ſmall room, cwelve feet broad and to deprive the monks of the right of election,
nine long, planked with eln, and there ſtill re and to veft the ſame in the canons of the intended
main eight rings and ſtaples, to which chriſtians college. And the more eaſily to prevail upon
were chained, for preſuming to differ in opinion the pope to come into this ſcheme, they pro.
from that prelate. The ſpacious hall was erected poſed to dedicate the ſaid college to Thomas
by Juxton, and the brick edifice between the gate Becket, the moſt celebraced faint of that time,
and the hall was begun by archbiſhop Sancroft,
and who was held in ſuch veneration by the pope,
and finiſhed by Tenniſon.
that it was not in the leaſt doubted, but he would
From the preſent ſtructure being thus erected readily transfer the right of election from the
at different periods, it is not at all ſurprizing that monks of Canterbury to the canons of Hackinga
it has but little appearance of uniformity ; but
the edifice, though old, is in moſt parts ſtrong; The foundation being dug, and materials pro-
the corners are faced with ruſtic, and the top
fur-
vided for the intended work, the part thereof
rounded with battlements ; but the principal allotted to the archbiſhop to erect, was the church
parts are well proportioned and well enlightened. and a certain other part of the building. The
Some of the inner rooms are too cloſe and con monks, apprehenſive of the king's and the arch-
fined ; but there are many others open and plea- || biſhop's deſign againſt them, applied to Rome
fant in themſelves, with the advantage of being for redreſs. In the mean time the work was
convenient, and of affording very agreeable prof carried on with ſuch expedition, that the church
pects: for aš this palace is ficuated on the bank being almoſt finiſhed, it was confecrated, and di-
of the Thames, it admits of a fine view
up
and vers ſecular prieſts inſtituted and inſtalled therein.
down the river, and, from the higher apartments, But the monks having lucceeded in their applica-
a proſpect of the county each way.
tion co Rome, obtained a mandace from the pope
In this palace is a library, which is capacious, to diſolve the new corporation, and raze the edi-
and well ſtored with books; among which there fice; which neither the king nor archbiſhop dar-
are upwards of fix hundred volunies of manu- || ing to oppoſe, the arbitrary order was executed
fcripts. And at the ſouth-eaſt corner there are accordingly.
preſerved ſeveral relicks of popiſh ſuperſtition, Pope Urban the great protector of the monks,
and a complete dreſs, viz. a veitment, alb, ſtole, || dying ſoon after, he was ſucceeded by Gregory
maniple, &c. for a prieſt to ſay mals.
che eigh:h, a great favourer of Baldwin, who
Adjoining to the ſouth-weſt angle of this pa was thereby encourged to renew his deſign, but
lace ftands che parochial church of
in another place; for which end having obtained
of the biſhop and convent of Rocheſter, a certain
Sc. M A RY, LAMBETH.
ſpot of ground at Lamlee, Lamhithe, or Lam-
bech, (where the archiepiſcopal palace is ſicuate)
On the death of Richard, archbiſhop of Can he began to erect a church, and manfions for the
terbury, A. D. 1184, a conceſt aroſe between
canons, about the year 1188, which he lived not
the fuffragan biſhops of that province and the to finish. Wherefore Hubert, one of his fuccef-
monks of Canterbury, concerning their feveral fors, foon after endeavoured to accomplif the
pretenſions to the right of electing their arch fame; but the monks of Canterbury, to defeat
bifhop; on which occaſion, the monks appealing his delign, as they had done that of his prede-
to Rome, great intereſt was made in behalf of ceſſor Baldwin, applied to Rome for that purpoſe ;
when
ton.
48
71

574
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
acre.
when, after great follicitations on both ſides, a fields to the back of Newbury-gardens, where
compoſition was brought about, on the follow they mark in an oaken tree, and from thence paſs
ing terms; viz. That upon condition it were ſouthward thirty rods; and thence eaſtward to
pulled down, Hubert might erect another upon Camberwell town through a lane near Dulwich,
a new foundation, and endow the ſame witi an and ſo weſtward to Delver; alſo Wood's-farm,
annual revenue of one hundred pounds, and and thence near two miles ſoutherly to Vicar's-
place therein twenty canons. Purſuant to this oak, at which oak meet the pariſhes of Lambeth
agreement, the church was pulled down, and northward, Camberwell eaſtward, Strecham ſouth-
the foundation of a new one laid, where the pre weſtward, and Batterſea ſouth weſt by weſt. And
fent church is ſituate by Hubert, for canons re from this oak they go weſt by northward to Nor.
gular, about the year 1 200.
wood's-gate, and thence ſouth-weſtward to Stret-
This antique ſtructure, dedicated to St. Mary, ham-common, (to avoid a wood) and thence
is a very plain building. The tower is ſquare, north-weſtward to the Windmill-houſe, and thence
and both that and the body of the church are through a wood, weſt and by ſouthward, to
crowned with battlements. In the fouth eaſt win Coles-farm, which leaving to the north-eaſtward,
dow of the middle ifle there is a picture of a they paſs abouc ſouth-ſouth weſt to the road
pedlar and his dog painted on glaſs, in memory leading from London to Croydon; and, croſſing
of a pedlar who gave to this pariſh a piece of the road, they go weſt by north to Blake-hall,
ground at Lambeth-wall, meaſuring an acre and and thence on the ſame point to Brooin-hill,
nineteen poles, and called to this day Pedlar’s and ſo eaſtward about forty rods in the road, and
thence turning due weſt, they go to the road that
The veſtry of this pariſh is general. The pa leads to Keanington, and eaſterly along that road
riſh officers are, three churchwardens, three ſideſ to Nine-elms, and thence ſouth-weſtward about
men and five overſeers and collectors for the poor. thirty rods towards Batterſea, and thence back-
The peace officers are, ſix conftables, nine head ward into the road, and through Vauxhall to the
boroughs, twenty inqueſt, or leet jurymen, four Thames, and ſo along the water ſide to the plying
ſurveyors of the highway, and two ſcavengers. place at Lambeth : being in the whole a circum-
In this pariſh is an ancient royalty, in the con ference of about fixteen miles and an half.
queror's ſurvey denominated Chenincuna, but at About three quarters of a mile ſouthward from
preſent Kennington, where anciently ſtood a royal || Lambeth-palace are ſituate
manſion wherein the kings of England uſed fre-
quently to reſide; and whither John of Gaunt, VAUXHALL GARDENS.
duke of Lancaſter, in the year 1377, fled to Theſe gardens are large, well planted with lofty
Richard prince of Wales, to avoid the fury of trees that afford a delightful ſhade, with wood-
the Londoners, who threatened his life for an in bines and underwoods, which furniſh a ſafe afy-
ſult offered their biſhop. A little northward from lum for the birds.
the palace ran Canute's trench, a canal, which had From the great gate through which you enter
its influx to the river Thames, at the lower end of into the gardens, is a noble gravel walk, 900 feet
Chelſea reach, and through which it is ſaid he car in length, planted on each ſide with very lofty trees,
ried his navy to the weſt ſide of London-bridge, which is terminated by a landſcape of the country,
to attack the city by water on that fide.
a bautiful lawn of meadow ground, and a grand
The remarkable places in this pariſh are,
Lam Gothic obeliſk.
beth-wells, Vauxhall gardens, a plate glaſs-houſe, To the right of this walk, as you enter is the
a bottle glaſs-houſe, and the ſouth end of West grove; in the middle of it is a magnificent or-
minſter-bridge. Alſo a ſchool for twenty poor cheſtra, the dome of which is furmounted with a
children of the marſh and wall liberties, endowed plume of feathers, the creſt of the prince of
with thirty-five pounds per annum ; and arch Wales. In fine weather the muſical entertainments
biſhops Teniſon's ſchool for thirty boys and are performed here. It has a very fine organ,
fourteen girls, endowed with ſixty pounds per with ſeats and deſks for the muſicians, and a va-
annum for the maſter. Here are alſo alms cancy at the front for the vocal performers. The
houſes and a workhouſe for the poor.
feats or boxes round the orcheſtra are diſpoſed to
The pariſh of Lambeth is very extenſive, and the beſt advantage for hearing the muſic.
is divided into four liberties, and theſe ſubdivid In moſt of the pavilions are pictures, painted
ed into eight precincts, vict. 1. The Biſhop's. 2. from the deſigns of Mr. Hayman and Mr. Ho-
The Prince's. 3. Vauxhall. 4. Kennington. 5. garth, on ſubjects admirably adapted to the place.
Marſh. 6. Wall. 7. Scockwell. 8. The Dean's. In the ground pavilion are four pictures of "Hay-
And the extent of the pariſh is as follows: man's own hand, from the hiſtorical plays of
Shakeſpear, that are univerſally admired.
From the landing place northward and eaſtward, At ſome diſtance are ſeveral noble viſtas of
along the waterſide to the Old Barge-houſe ; and very tall trees, where the ſpaces between each
thence on to the corner of St. George's fields, and are filled up with neac hedges ; and on the
fo on the weſterly ſide of the ditch ſouthward to inſide are planted flowers and ſweet fmelling
near the Dog and Duck; and then croſs the ſhrubs.
vers
fields ſouth eaſtward (leaving the ditch on the The pavilions continue in a ſweep, which leads
left hand) to Kennington; and thence ſouthward to a beautiful piazza, and a colonade, 500 fett
to Kennington-common, (where it meets with in length, in the form of a ſemi-circle. This ſe-
Newington pariſh) to the croſs digged there in mi-circle leads to a ſweep of pavilions that termi-
she ground ; and then fouth-weſtward croſs the nate in the great walk.
continue in a weep
At

HISTORY and SURVĒr of LONDON.
575
ter.
meter.
At one end of the croſs gravel walk is a beau glittering among the trees, render it exceeding
tiful landſcape painting of ruins and running wa light and brilliant. And every thing is provided
Ar each end of another walk is a beautiful in the noft elegant manner for the entertainment
painting; one is a building, with a ſcaffold and a of thoſe who chuſe to ſup in the gården.
ladder before it ; che other is a view in a Chineſe Returning from Lambeth to Newington, we
garden.
find, as before mentioned, the road which leads
There are alſo ſeveral ſtatues, in particular one from Weſtminſter-bridge to the two great villages
in marble, by Mr. Roubiliacy of the late Mr. of Deptford and Greenwich, ſicuate on the eaſt
Handel playing on a lyre in the character of Or of this great metropolis, in the county of Kenc.
pheus; and another of Milton, erected on a rock, Deptford, which conſiſts of two large pariſhes
alnioft ſurrounded with buſhes, in a ſweet lawn well inhabited, was anciently called Weſt Green-
adjoining to the garden, as if liſtening to muſic wich, is ſaid to have received its preſenc name
ariſing from the ground.
from there have been a deep ford over the little ri-
In cold or rainy weather the muſical perform ver Ravenſbourn, near its influx into the Thames,
ance is in a rotunda, in which is an orcheſtra; with where it has now a bridge. It is a large and po-
an organi.
This rotunda is ſeventy, feet in dia. pulous town, and is divided into Upper and
Lower Deptford, which contain together two
In the center hangs a magnificent chandelier, churches, ſeveral meeting houſes, and about one
eleven feer in diameter, containing ſeventy-two thouſand nine hundred houſes. It is moſt re-
lamps in three rows.
markable for its noble dock, where the royal navy
In the roof, which is arched and elliptic, are was formerly built and repaired, till it was found
two litele cupolas, in a peculiar taite, each cupola more convenient to build the larger ſhips at
is adorned with paintings; Apollo, Pan, and the Woolwich, and other places, where there is a
muſes are in one; and Neptune, with the ſea greater depth of water ; but notwithſtanding this
nymphs in the other.
the yard is enlarged to more than double its for-
Adjoining to the walls are ten three quarter mer dimenſions, and a great number of hands are
columns.
conſtantly employed. It has a wet deck of two
Between theſe columns are four paintings, by acres for ſhips, and another of an acre and a half,
Hayman; the firſt repreſents the ſurrender of with vaſt quantities of timber and other ſtores,
of Montreal, in Canada to the Britiſh army com and extenſive buildings, as ſtorehouſes, and of-
manded by general Amherſt. On a commemorat fices, for the uſe of the place, beſides dwelling.
ing ſtone, at one corner of the piece, is this in houſes for thoſe officers who are obliged to live
fcription : “ Power exerted, Conqueſt obtained, upon the ſpot, in order to ſuperintend the works.
“ Mercy ſhewn ! 1760.”
Here the royal yachts are generally kept, and
The ſecond repreſents Britannia holding in her near the dock is the ſeat of Sir John Evelyn,
hand a medallion of his preſent majetty, and fit called Say’s-court, where Peter the Great,. Czar
ting on the right hand of Nepoune in his chariot of Muſcovy, reſided for ſome time, and in this
drawn by fea horſes, who feem to partake in the yard completed his knowledge and ſkill in the
triumph for che defeat of the French fleet (re practical part of naval architecture.
preſented on the back ground) by Sir Edward In this town are two hoſpitals, one of which
Hawke, November 10, 1759. The third repre was incorporated by king Henry VIII. in the
fents lord Clive receiving the homage of the form of a college, for the uſe of feamen, and is
Nabob; and the fourth, Britannia diftributing commonly called Trinity houſe of Deptford
laurels to lord Granby, lord Albemarle, lord Strond ; this contains twenty-one houſes, and is
Townſhend, and the colonels Monckton, Coote, fituate near the church. The other called Tri-
&c. Encanto al do just a
nity hoſpical, has thirty-eight houſes fronting the
The concert is opened with inſtrumental muſic, Atreet, and is a very handſome edifice, with large
at ſix o'clock, which having continued about half gardens belonging to it. Though this laſt is the
an hour, the company are entertained with a fong; fineft ſtructure, yet the other has the preference,
and in this manner ſeveral other ſongs are per on account of its antiquity; and as the brethren
formed, with ſonatas or concertos between each, of the Trinity hold their corporation by thar
till the cloſe of the entertainment, which is genie houſe, they are obliged at certain times, to meer
rally about ten o'clock.
there for buſinefs (as has been already mentioned)
A curious piece of machinery is exhibited Both theſe houſes are for decayed pilots or mal-
about nine o'clock, (notice whereof is given by ters of ſhips, or their widows, the men being
ringing a bell) in a hollow, on the inſide of one allowed 20s, and the women 16s. per month.
.
of the hedges near the entrance into the viſtas : Greenwich is a very pleaſant village, and has
by removing a curtain, is ſhewn a very fine land been the birth place of ſeveral of our monarchs,
ſcape, illuminated by concealed lights, in which particularly queen Mary and queen Elizabeth ;
the pricipal objects that ſtrike the eyes are the and here king Edward VI. died. The palace
caſcade or water-fall, and a miller’s-houſe. The was firſt erected by Humphry duke of Glouceſ-
exact appearance of water is feen flowing down a ter, who named it Placentia. After which it was
declivity, and turning the wheel of the mill ; it enlarged by Henry VII. and completed by Hen.
riſes up in a foam at the bottom, and then glides ry
VIII. but being ſuffered to run to ruin, was
away.
pulled down by king Charles II. who began ano.
After day-light is cloſed, the garden near the ther magnificent edifice and lived to ſee the firſt
orcheſtra is illuminared, almoſt in an inſtant, wing finilhed. He alſo enlarged the park, walled
with about 1500 glaſs lamps; which, by their it round, planted it, and cauſed a royal obſerva-
tory

576
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
tory to be erected on the top of the ſteep of the and naval ſtrength of this kingdom, by inviting
hill, This edifice his majeſty erected for the uſe great numbers of his ſubjects to berake themſelves
of the celebrated Mr. Flamſtead, and it ſtill retains to the ſea, gave this noble palace, and ſeveral
the name of that great aſtronomer, he likewiſe other edifices, with a conſiderable ſpot of ground,
furniſhed it with mathematical inſtruments for for the uſe of thoſe Engliſh fearen and their
aſtronomical obſervations, and a deep dry well children, who by age, wounds, or other acci-
for obſerving the ſtars in the day time.
dents, ſhould be diſabled from farther ſervice at
That which is properly the palace here, is an fea, and for the widows and children of ſuch as
edifice of no great extent, and it is now con were Nain in fighting at ſea, againſt the enemies of
verted into apartments for the governor of the their counery. king William alſo by his lecsers
Royal hofpical, and the ranger of the park. patent, in 1694, appointed commiſfioners for the
This park is well ſtocked with deer, and affords better carrying on his pious intentions, and there.
a noble and delightful view of the fine hoſpital, in deſired the aſſiſtance of his good ſubjects, as
the river Thames, and the city of London. the neceſſity of his affairs did not permic him to
Greenwich is ſaid to contain 1350 houſes. Its advance ſo conſiderable a ſum towards this work,
pariſh church, which was rebuilt by the com as he deſired. In conformity to this requeſt, ma-
miſſioners for erecting the fifty new churches, is ny benefactions were made to both in that and
a very handſome ſtructure, dedicated to St. Al the ſucceeding reigns, to this noble charity, which,
phage, archbiſhop of Canterbury, who is ſaid to according to the tables hung up at the entrance
have been Nain by the Danes in the year 1012, on of the hall, amount to 58,2091, and afterwards
the ſpot where the church now ftands. There is the eſtate of the earl of Derwentwater, who bore
a college at the end of the town, fronting the a principal part in the rebellion in 1715, amount-
Thames, for the maintenance of ewency decayed | ing to 6000l. per annum, was given by parliam
old houſekrepers, twelve out of Greenwich, and ment to this hoſpital. The firſt range had coſt
eight who are to be alternately chofen from Snot king Charles II. 36,000l. and another was order-
tiſlam and Caſtle-Riſing in Norfolk. This is ed to be built on the ſame model: this has been
called the duke of Norfolk's college, though it compleated with equal magnificence, and the
was founded and endowed, in 1613, by Henry whole ſtructure entirely finiſhed.
earl of Northampton, the duke of Norfolk's bro The front to the Thames confifts of theſe two
ther, and by him commitced to the care of the ranges of ſtone buildings, with the governo.'s
Mercers company. To this college belongs a houte, at the back part in the center, behind
chapel, in which the earl's body is laid, which, which the park, well planted with trees, riſes
as well as his monument, was removed hither with a noble afcent. Theſe buildings between
fome years ago, from the chapel of Dover caſtle, which is a large area, perfectly correlpond with
The penſioners, beſides meat, drink, and lodg- || each other, and each range is terminated with a
ing, are allowed is. 6it. a week, with a gown very noble dome.
every year, linen once in two years, and hats In each front to the Thames, two ranges of
once in four years.
coupled Corinthian columns finely wrought, ſup-
In the year 1560 Mr. Lambard, author of the port their pediments, and the fame order is con-
perambulation of Kent, alſo built and founded tinued in pilalers along the building. The pro-
an hoſpital called queen Elizabeth's college, faid | jection of the entablatures gives an agreeable di-
to be the firft erected by an Engliſh proteſtant. |verſity of light and ſhade. In the center of
There are likewiſe two charity ſchools in this pa each part, between theſe ranges of Corinthian
riſh, one founded by Sir William Boreman, knt. columns, is the door, which is of the Doric order,
for twenty boys, who are cloathed, boarded, and and adorned above with a tablet and pediment.
educated ; they wear green coats and caps : and Within the height of theſe lofty columns are two
the other by Mr. John Roan, who left his eſtate ſeries of windows, enlightening two floors. The
for teaching alſo twenty boys reading, writing, || undermoſt, which are the ſmalleſt, have ruſtic
and arithmetic, and allowing two founds per
cales crowned with pediments, while the upper
annum for each boy's cloaths.
Theſe wear grey
ſeries, which are larger, and more lofty, are
adorned with the orders, and with upright point-
The river Thames is here very broad, and the || ed pediments. Over theſe is an atrick ſtory: the
channel deep; and at fome very high tides the entablature of the Corinthian columns and pim
water is fals, thouyh it is uſually ſweet and laſters ſupports a régular atrick courſe : the pi-
freſh.
laſters of this order riſing over every column,
and pilaſters of the Corinchian below, between
GREENWICH HOSPITAL, which the windows are regularly diſpoſed, and
the top is crowned with a handfume baluſtrade,
This building ſtands on the ſpot, where once The buildings, which are continued from theſe,
was ſituate the palace of ſeveral of our kings. and face the area, correſpond with them, though
The firit wing of this noble and ſuperb edifice, in a finer, and more elegant manner.
In the cen-
erected by king Charles II. was deſigned to be ter of both is a range of columos ſupporting a
applied to the ſame uſe. Indeed from the
mag-
pediment, and at each corner a range of Corin-
nificence of the ſtructure, it can ſcarcely be taken thian pilaſters. The front is ruſticated, and
for any thing leſs than the palace of a great
there are two ſeries of windows. The domes at
monarch. However, king William III. being the end, which are 120 feet high, are ſupported
very deſirous of promoting the trade, navigation, on coupled columns, as are the porcicos below;
and
coats.

Engraved
for Chamberlain's Historij of London .
AT
(A
2001
View of GREENWICH Hospital,
DA
C
Elu
FINE DEN
T.White Sculp
Viena CHELSEA Hospital

View of London from Greenwich Park.
uo
mus
denud
މިއަހަޚުމައި
و مهم است
les
De
00
Oo ooola
이이
​12 DICONO DIO
Tollain
mus
to c , tarê, to rotatoia
TURTDIDOIDIDII
0
fogalicia
CECIE
MUITA
OOT
SAMELEN BEPERTO *
DUDDIN
.
ԱՍԱՑ ՍԱՆԱՍԱՐ Է ԿՆա Հայաստան / ԱՆՉԱՑ
weten til de
MIR
000
CONC
OphOTHEOLO
MA
MULTE
200
Com ? • 9/21722,12/11 '
2
m panebria

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
$77
IOO
cach
200
Til
IOC
100
and under one of theſe is the chapel, which is
£.
adorned on the inſide with the greateſt elegance Two chaplains, each
and beauty.
A phyſician and ſurgeon, each
On the ſides of the gate which opens to theſe A clerk of the cheque
buildings, from the park are placed a large ce Auditor
leftial and terreſtrial globe, in which the ſtars
are gilt; and in the center of the area, is fixed
on a pedeſtal, a ſtatue of his majeſty king Before we quit the ſurvey on the ſouth ſide of
George II.
the Thames, it will be neceſſary to take in the
The hall of this hoſpital is finely painted by pariſh of Rotherhithe.
Sir James Thornhill, particularly the ceiling and This pariſh, which is commonly called Rede-
upper end; on the latter are repreſented in an riff, was anciently a village on the ſouth-eaſt of
alcove, the late princeſs Sophia, king George I. London, on the ſouth bank of the Thames ;
king George II. queen Caroline, the queen dow but is now joined by buildings to Southwark. It
ager of Pruſſia, Frederic prince of Wales, the extends eaſt to Wells's-dock, and to Weft-lane
duke of Cumberland, and the five princeſſes, the in the weſt, including the weſt ſide of that
daughters of his late majeſty. On the ceiling lane.
over the alcove are her majeſty queen Anne and Such parts of this pariſh as are next the river
prince George of Denmark : and on the ceiling are well inhabited by maſters of ſhips, ſea-faring
of the ball are king William and queen Mary, people and tradeſmen, depending upon naviga-
wish ſeveral fine emblematical figures. All tion. And though that part between King-ſtreet
ſtrangers who ſee this hall pay three-pence each,
and Princes-ſtreet was ſome time ago deſtroyed
and this income is applied to the ſupport of the by fire, as related in this hiſtory, yet the ground
mathematical ſchool, for the fons of failors. is covered with very handſome and ſubſtantial
For the better ſupport of this hoſpital every || buildings.
framan in the royal navy and in the ſervice of the A little way to the eaſt of Princes-ſtreet, and
merchants pays 6d. a month. This is ſtopped out near the Thames fide, ſtands the pariſh church
of the pay of all ſailors, and delivered in at the of
Six-penny Receiver's office on Tower-hill. And
Therefore a ſeaman who can produce an authentic
certificate of his being diſabled, and rendered un-
St. MA R Y, Rotherhitbe.
fit for the ſea ſervice, by defending any ſhip be-
longing to his majeſty's Britiſh ſubjects, or in tak-
ing any ſhip from the enemy, may be admitted This church is diſtinguiſhed from others dedi-
into this hofpical, and receive the ſame benefic cated to the Virgin Mary, by the name of the
from it, as if he had been in his majeſty's imme place in which it is ſituated. The old church
diate ſervice.
had ſtood above two hundred years, when, in
There are at preſent near two thouſand old or 1736, it was in ſo ruinous a condicion that the
diſabled ſeamen, and an hundred boys, the ſons inhabitants applied to parliament for leave to pull
of ſeamen, inſtruded in navigation, and bred up it down, which being granted, the preſent ſtruc- .
for the ſervice of the royal navy : but there are ture was finiſhed in 1739.
no out-penſioners, as ai Chelſea. Each of the This edifice is built with brick and ornamented
wariners has a weekly allowance of ſeven loaves, with ſtone. It is enlightened by a double range
weighing fixteen ounces each; three pounds of of windows, and the corners both in the tower
beet; two of mutton; a pint of peaſe; a pound and body are ſtrengthened with a handſome ruſ-
and a quarter of cheeſe ; two ounces of butter tic. The tower conſiſts of two ſtages : in the
fourteen quarts of beer, and one ſhilling a week lower are a door and window; in the upper a
tobacco money; the tobacco money of the boat window and dial; and the whole is terminated
Swains is two ſhillings and fixpence a week each ; by a baluſtrade, from which riſes a circular baſe
that of their mates one fhilling and ſixpence, and that ſupports a kind of lanthorn, very elegancly
that of the other officers in proportion to their conſtructed with Corinthian columns ; over thele
rank. Beſides which each common penſioner re are urns with flames; and from the roof of this
ceives once in two years, a ſuit of blue cloaths, lanthorn riſes a well-conſtructed fpire terminated
a hat, three pair of ſtockings, two pair of ſhoes, by a ball and fane.
five neckcloths, three ſhirts, and two night This church is a rectory in the gift of a lay
caps.
patron. The profits ariſing to the incumbent
This hofpical has about one hundred governors, are ſaid to amount to near two hundred pounds
compoſed of the nobility, great officers of ſtate,
per annum.
and perſons in high poſts under the king. The Here is a gift ſermon every Thurſday before
principal officers of thç houſe, with their annual the ſecond Sunday in the month, for which the
falaries, are,
rector receives ten pounds. The veſtry is gene-
£. ral. The pariſh officers are, two church wardens,
The governor
two ſideſmen, and four overſeers and collectors
Lieutenant-governor
300 for the poor. The peace officers are, one con-
Treafarer
ftable, fix headboroughs, two ſcavengers, and two
Three captains, each
ſurveyors of the highway.
Six lieutenants, each
А
1000
TONG
ITIU
200
200
100
-49
ZG

378
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
1216 { Jacib Alderman and
1451 William Gregory
soillw els que bed
LES OVE
A A Liſt of the Marors of LONDON.
10
-30
Years. Mayors.
lears. Mayors,
Years.! Mayors.
Years.. 1 Mayors.
1189 Henry Fitz Alwyn 1 265 Thomas Fitz-Thomas 1342 Symond Frauncefs
1190 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1419 Richard Whittington
1266 William Fitz-Richard
1343 Johan Hamond
1420 William Cambrege
1191 Henry Fitz-Alwyn 1267 Alein Souch
1344 Johan Hamond
1192 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1421 Robert Chichelee
1268 Alein Souch
1345 Richard Lacere
1422 William Waldern
1193 Henry Fitz-Alwyn I 269 Thomas Fitz-Thomas 1346 Geffrey Wychyngham 1423 William Crowmer
1194 Henry Fitz-Alwyn 1270 Johan Adryan a in 1347 Thomas Legge
1195 Henry Fitz- Alwyn
1424 Johan Michel
1271 Johan Adryan
1348 John Lewkyn
1196 Henry Fitz-Alwyn 1272 Sir Walter Harvey
1425 Johan Coventre
1 349 Wyllyam Turke
1426 William Rynwell
1197 Henry Fitz-Alwyn 1273 Sir Walter Harvey 1350 Richard Killing bury
1198 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1427 Johan Gedney
1274 Henry Waleis
1351 Andrew Awbrey
1199 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1428 Henry Barton
1275 Gregory Rokeflie 1352 Adam Fraunceys
1 200 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1429 William Eftfeld
1276 Gregory Rokellie 1353 Adam Fraunceys
1201 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1430 Nicholas Watton
1277 Gregory Rokeſlie
1354 Thomas Legge
1202 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1431 Johan Wellis
1278 Gregory Rokellie 1355 Simond Fraunceys
1203 Henry Fitz Alwyn
1432 Johan Parneys
1279 Gregory Rokeſlie
1356 Henry Pycard
1 204 Henry Fit2-Alwyn
1433 Johan Brok ley
1280 Gregory Rokeflie 1357 Johan Stody
1205 Henry Fitz. Alwyn
1434 Robert Otley
Į 281 Gregory Rokeſlie
I 206 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1358 Johan Lewkyn
1282 Henry Waleys
1435 Henry Frowyk
1359 Symond Doffelde
1207 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1436 Johan Michell
1283 Henry Waleys
1203 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1360 Johan Wroth
1437 William Eftfeld
1 284. Henry Waleys
1361 Johan Peche
I 209 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1438 Stephen Brown
1 285 Gregory Rokeſley 1362 Stephen Caundiſh
I 210 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1439 Robert Large
1286 Rauf Sandwich
1363 Johan Notte
1211 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1440 Johan Paddeſley
1 287 Johan Breton
1364 Adam Bury
I 212 Henry Fitz-Alwyn
1441 Robert Clopton
I 288 Rauf Sandwich 1365 Johan Lewkyn
I 213 Roger Fitz-Alwyn
1442 Johan Atherley
1289 Rauf Sandwich 1366 Johan Lewkyn
1443 Thomas Chatworth
I 2 14. Serle Mercer
1 290 Rauf Sandwich
1267 James Andrew
1215 William Hardel
1444 Henry Frowick
1291 Rauf Sandwich
1368 Symond Mordon
Jacob
1445 Symken Eyer
1291 Rauf Sandwich 1360 Johan Chycheſter 1446 Johan Olney
1293 Rauf Sandwich
1370 Johan Bernes
1217 Serle Mercer
1447 Johan Gedney
1 294 Sir Johan Breton
1371 Johan Berkes
I218 Serle Mercer
1448 Stephen Brown
1295 Sir Johan Breton
1372 Johan Pyell
1449 Thomas Chalton
219 Serle Mercer
1 296 Sir Johan Breton
1373 Adam of Bury
I 220 Serle Mercer
1450 Niclas Wifforde
1297 Sir Johan Breton
1374 Wyllyam Walworth
1221 Serle Mercer
I 298 Henry Waleis
1375 Johan Warde
1 222 Serle Mercer
1452 Geffry Feldyng
I 299 Elyas Ruſſell
1376 Adam Staple
1453 Johan Norman
1223 Richard Renger
1 300 Elyas Ruſſell
1377 Nicholas Brembyr
1 224 Richard Renger
1454 Stephen Forſter
1301 Johan Blount
1378 Johan Phylpot
1225 Richard Renger
1455 William Marowe
1302 J han Blount
1226 Richard Renger
1379 Johan Hadley
1456 Thomas Caning
1303 Johan Blount
1380 Wyllyam Walworth 1457 Geffrey Boleyn
1227 Roger Duke
1304 Johan Blount
1381 Johan Northampton
1228 Roger Dake
1458 Thomas Scot
1305 Johan Blount
1382 Johan Northampton 1459 William Hulyn
1229 Roger Duke
1306 Johan Blount
1383 Nycholás Brembyr 1460 Richard Lee
1230 Roger Duke
1307 Johan Blount
1384 Nycholas Brembyr 1461 Hugh Wyche
1231 Roger Duke
1308 Nycholas Faryngdone | 1385 Nycholas Brembyr 1462 Thomas Cooke
1232 Andrew Buckerell
1309 Thomas Romayne 138€ Nycholas Exton 1463 Mathew Philip
1233 Andrew Buckerell
1310 Richard Roffham
1387 Nycholas Exton
1234 Andrew Buckerell
1464 Rauf Joſſelyne
1311 Johan Gyfours
1388 Nycholas Swynford
1235 Andrew Buckerell
1465 Rauf Verney
1312 John Pounteney 1389 Wyllyain Venour 1466 Johan Yonge
1236 Andrew Buckerell
1313 Nycholas Faryngdone 1390 Adam Bamme
1467 Thomas Owlgrave
1237 Andrew Buckerell
13 14 Johan Guyſors
1391 John Hoende
1238 Richard Renger
1468 William Taylour
1315 Stephen Abyngdone
1392 Wyllyam Stondon
1239 Wyllyam Joynour 1316 Johan Wentgrave
| 1469 Richard Lee
1393 Johan Hadley
1470 Johan Stockton
1240 Gerarde Bate
1317 Johan Wentgrave
1394 Johan Frenche
1471 William Edward
124.1 Reginald Bongay 1318 Johan Wentgrave
1395 Wyllyam More
1242 Reginald Bongay
1472 William Hampton
1319 Hamond Chyckwell 1396 Adam Bamme
1243 Rauffe Afhway
1473 Johan Tate
1320 Nycholas Faryngdone 1397 Richard Whittington
1 244 Mychael Tony 1321 Hamond Chyckwell
1474 Robert Drope
1398 Drew Barentyne
1 245 Johan Gyſors
1475 Robert Baffet
1322 Hamond Chyckwell 1399 Thomas Knolles 1476 Rauf Joſſelyn
1246 Johan Gyfors
1323 Nicholas Faryngdone 1 400 Johan Fraunces
1247 Pyers Aleyne
1477 Humphry Heyforde
1324. Hamond Chyckwell
1248 Mychael Tony
1401 Johan Shadworth
1428 Richard Gardiner
1325 Hamond Chyckwell 1402 Johan Welcot
1249 Roger Fitz-Roger
1479 Bartilmew James
1326 Richard Betayne
1403 William Alkam
1250 Johan Norman
1480 Johan Brown
1327 Hamond Chyckwell 1404 Johan Hyende
1251 Adam Baling
1481 William Haryot
1328 Johan Grauntham
1405 Johan Woodcock
1252 John Tholozane
1482 Edmond Shaa
1329 Symon Swanland
1406 Richard Whittington
1253 Nicholas Batte
1483 Robert Billeſdon
1330 Johan Pounteney 1407 William Stondon
1254 Richard Hardell
1484 Thomas Hylle
1331 Johan Pounteney 1408 Drew Barentyne
1255 Richard Hardell
1485 Hugh Pryce
1332 Johan Preſton
1 256 Richard Hardell
1409 Richard Marlowe
1486 Henry Colet
1333 Johan Pounteney 1410 Thomas Knolles
1257 Richard Hardell
1487 William Horne
1334, Reynold at Conduyte
1258 Richard Hardell
1411 Robert Chycheley 1488 Robert Tate
1335 Reynold at Conduyte 1412 William Waldren
1259 John Gyfours
1489 William White
1336 Johan Pounfeney
I 260 William Fitz-Richard
1413 William Crowmer
1490 Johan Matthew
1337 Henry Darcey
1261 William Fi z Richard
1414 Thomas Fawconer
1491 Hugh Clopton
1338 Henry Darcey
1262 Thomas Fitz-Thomas
1415 Nicholas Watton 1492. William Martyn
1339 Andrew Awbrey
1 263 Thomas Fitz-Thomas
1416 Henry Barton
1493 Rauf Aſtry
1340 Andrew Awbrey
1264 Thomas Fitz-Thomas
1417 Richard Marlowe
1494 Richard Chawry
1341 Johan Oxynforde 1418 William Seyenoke
1495 Henry Colet
ful
1496

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
579
1596 Thomas Skinner
1674 Sir William Hooker
Years. Mayors.
Years. Mayors.
Years. Mayors.
Years.
1496 Johan Tate
Mayors.
1566 Sir Chriſtopher Draper 1635 Sir Robert Packhurſt
1497 William Purchaſe
1705 Sir Owen Buckingham
1567 Sir Roger Martin 1636 Sir Chriſtop. Clerheroe
*498 Johan Percival
1706 Sir Thomas Rawlinſon
1568 Sir Thomas Rowe 1637 Sir Edward Bromfield
1499 Nicholas Alwyn
1707 Sir Robert Bedingfield
1569 Alexander Avenon 1638 Sir Richard Fenn
1500 Johan Reymington
1708 Sir William Withers
1570 Sir Rowland Heyward | 1639 Sir Maurice Abbot 1709 Sir Charles Duncombe
1501 Sir John Shaa
1571 Sir William Allen 1 1640 Sir Henry Garway
1502 Bartholowmew Reed
1710 Sir Samuel Gerard
1572 Sir Leonel Ducket
1641_Sir William Adon
1503 Sir William Capell
1711 Sir Gilbert Heathcote
1573 Sir John Rivers 1642 Sir Richard Gumey
1504 Johan Wyngar
1712 Sir Robert Beachcroft
1574 James Hawes
1643 Sir Iſaac Pennidgton
1505 Thomas Knefworth
1713 Sir Richard Hoare
1575 Ambroſe Nicholas
1644 Sir John Woollaſton
1506 Sir Richard Haddon 1576 Sir John Langley
1714 Sir Samuel Stainer
1645 Sir Thomas Atkins
1507. William Brown
1715 Sir Will. Humphreys
1577. Sir Thomas Ramſey | 1646 Sir Thomas Adams
1508 Stephen Jenyns
1716 Sir Charles Peers
1578 Richard Pipe
1647 Sir John Gayre
1509 Thomas Bradbury
1717 Sir James Bateman
1579 Sir Nicholas Woodrofe 1648 Sir John Warner
1510 Henry Keble
1718 Sir William Lewen
1580 Sir John Branch 1649 Sir Abrah. Reynoldſon
1511 Roger Aichiley
1719 Sir John Ward
1581 Sir James Harvie 1650 Thomas Toote
1512 Sir Williain Copinger
1720 Sir George Thorold
1582 Sir Thomas Blancke 1651 Thomas Andrews
1513 W.11. Brown & J. Tate 1583 Edward Oſborne
1921 Sir John Fryer
1652 John Kendrek
1722 Sir William Stewart
1514 George Monoux
1584 Sir Edward Pulliſon 1653 John Fowkes
1723 Sir Gerard Conyers
1515 Sir William Butler 1585 Sir Wolftan Dixie 1654 Thomas Vyner 1724 Sir Peter Delme
1515 John Reſt
1586 Sir George Baine
1655 Chriſtopher Pack
1725 Sir George Mertins
1517 Sir Thomas Exmew
1587 Sir George Bond 1656 John Dethick
1726 Sir Francis Forbes
1518 Thomas Mirfin
1588 Martin Calthorp 1657 Robert Tichborne
1727 Sir John Eyles
1519 Sir James Yarford
1589 Sir John Hart
1658 Richard Chiverton 1728 Sir Edward Beecher
1520 Sir John Bruge
1590 John Allot
1659 Sir John Ireton
1729 Sir Robert Bailis
1521 Sir John Milborne
1591 Sir William Web
1666 Sir Thomas Alleyne 1730 Sir Richard Brocas
1522 Sir John Munday 1592 Sir William Rowe 1661 Sir Richard Brown
1731 Humphry Parſons, efq;
1523 Sir Thomas Baldry
Sir Cuthbert Buckle 1662 Sir John Frederick 1732 Sir Francis Child
1524 Sir William Bailey 1593 Sir Richard Martin 1663 Sir John Robinſon
1733 John Barber, eſq;
1525 Sir John Allen
1594 Sir John Spencer, 1664 Sir Anthony Batemann 1734 Sir William Billers
1526 Sir Thomas Seamer 1595 Sir Stephen Slany 1665 John Lawrence
1735 Sir Edward Belamy
1527 Sir James Spencer
1666 Sir Thomas Bludworth 1736 Sir John Williams
1528 Sir John Rudſtone
Sir Henry Billingſly 1667 Sir William Bolton 1737 Sir John Thompſom
1529 Ralph Dodmer
1597 Sir Richard Saltenſtall 1668 Sir William Peake 1738 Sir John Barnard
1530 Sir Thomas Pargitor 1598 Sir Stephen Some 1669 Sir William Turner 1739 Micajah Perry, eſq;
1'531 Sir Nicholas Lambard
1599 Sir Nicholas Moſley 1670 Sir Samuel Sterling
1740 Sir John Salter
1532 Sir Stephen Pecocke
1600 Sir William Ryder 1671 Sir Richard Ford
1533 Sir Chriſtopher Aſkew 1601 Sir John Gerard on 1672 Sir George Waterman
1741{ Daniel Lambert, efq;
1534 Sir John Champneis 1602 Robert Lee
1673 Sir Robert Hanſon
Sir Rob. Godfchall
1535 Sir John Allen
1603 Sir Thomas Bennet
1742 G. Heathcote, eſq;
1536 Sir Ralph Waren
1604 Sir Thomas Low 1675 Sir Robert Vyner 1743 Robert Willmot, e'q;
1537 Sir Richard Gretham
1605 Sir Henry Hollyday 1676 Sir Joſeph Sheldon 1744 Sir Robert Weſtley
1538 William Forman 1606 Sir John Wats
1677 Sir Thomas Davies 1745 Sir Henry Marſhall
1539 Sir William Holles
1607 Sir Henry Rowe 1678 Sir Francis Chaplin 174.6 Sir Richard Hoare
1540 Sir William Roch
1608 Sir Humphrey Weld 1679 Sir James Edwards 1747 William Benn, eſq;
1541 Sir Micha: 1 Dormer *1609 Sir Thomas Câmbell 1680 Sir Robert Clayton 1748 Sir Robert Ladbrook
1542 John Cootesa
1610 Sir William Craven 168, Sir Patience Ward 1749 Sir William Calvert
ſ Sir William Bowyer 1611 Sir James Pemberton 1682 Sir John Moore
S
Sir Samuel Pennant
1543 Sir Raph Waren 1612 Sir John Swinnerton 1683 S'r William Prichard
1750 John Blachford, eſq
1544 Sir William Laxton
1613 Sir Thomas Middleton 1684 Sir Henry Tulſe 1751 Francis Cockayne, efq;
1545 Sir Martin Bowes
1614 Sir John Hayes 1685 Sir James Smith
ST.Winterbottom, efq;
154.6 Sir Henry Hubarthorne 1615 Sir John Jolles 1686 Sir Robert Jeffrey
1752 Robert Alſop, efq;
1547 Sir John Greſham
1616 Sir John Leman 1687 Sir John Peake
1753 Sir Criſpe Gaſcoyne
1548 Sir Henry Amcotes
1617 George Bolles
1688 Sir John Shorter
Edward Ironſide, eſq;
1549 Howland Hill
1618 Sir Sebaſtian Harvey
1754 Tho. Rawlinſon, efq;
Chapman
{
1550 Sir Andrew Jude 1619 Sir William Cockain
.
1755 Ste. Theo Janſſenefq;
1531 Sir Richard Dobbes
1620 Sir Francis Jones 1690 Sir Thomas Pilkington 1756 Slingſby Bethell, eſg;
1552 Sir George Barnes 1621 Sir Edward Barkham 1691 Sir Thomas Pilkington 1757 Marſhe Dickenſon, eſa;
1553 Sir Thomas White
1622 Sir Peter Proby
1692 Sir Thomas Stamp 1758 Sir Charles Afgill
1554 Sir John Lion
1623 Sir Martin Lumley 1693 Sir John Fleet
1759 Sir Richard Glyn
1555 Sir William Gerard 1624 Sir John Goare 1694 Sir William Aſhurſt 1760 Sir Thomas Chitty
1956 Sir Thomas O Mey 1625 Sir Allen Cotton 1695 Sir Thomas Lane 1761 Sir Matthew Blackiſton
1557 Sir Thomas Curteis 1626 Sir Cuthbert Aket 1696 Sir John Houblon 1762 Sir Sam. Fludyer, bart.
1558 Sir Thomas Leigh 1627 Sir Hugh Hammerſley 1697 Sir Edward Clarke 1763 William Beckford, eſq;
1559 Sir William Huet 1628 Sir Richard Deane
1698 Sir Humphry Edwin 1764 William Bridgen, eſq;
1560 Sir William Cheſter 1629 Sir James Cambell 1699 Sir Francis Child 1765 Sir Will. Srephenſon
1561 Sir William Harper 1630 Sir Robert Ducy 1700 Sir Richard Levet
1766 George Nelſon, eſq;
1562 Sir Thomas Lodge 1631 Sir George Whitmore 1701 Sir Thomas Abney 1767 Sir Robert Kite
1563 Sir John White
1632 Sir Nicholas Raynton 1702 Sir William Gore
1768 Hon. Thomas Harley
1564. Sir Richard Malorie
1633 Ralph Freeman
1903 Sir William Daſhwood 1769 Samuel Turner, eſq;
1565 Sir Richard Champion 1634 Sir Thomas Moullon
1704 Sir John Parſons
1770 William Beckford; eſq;
bud
y to
Osiedas
Dolls
Stalin
sor
DESC ruls
de
CH A P.
Cat
cord shit out
33 Ene araba

580
HISTORY and SURVer of LONDON.
CHAPTER XXVI.
Containing the hiſtory, antiquities, and government of Weſtminſter, the dutchy of Lancaſter,
and places adjacent; with the deſcription of the ſeveral pariſhes and other remarkable things
within the city and liberty thereof
W
ESTMINSTER, which is the third naftery, he converted it into a biſhopric, in the
diviſion of this great metropolis, re year 1541, with a dean and cwelve prebendaries,
ceives its name from its abbey or min and appointed the whole county of Middleſex,
fter ſituated to the weſtward of the city of Lon except Fulham, which was ſtill to belong to the
don; and, according to ſeveral hiſtorians, was biſhopric of London, as its dioceſe.
thus denominated to diſtinguiſh it from the abbey Many years before this Weſtminiter had been
of Grace on Tower hill, called Eaſtminſter. A the feat of the royal palace, the high court of
Jare writer, however, proves this to be a miſtake, parliament, and of our law tribunals. His ma-
by ſhewing that the former is called Weſtminſter jeſty built the palace of St. James's, and fur-
in a charter of fanctuary granted by Edward the chaſed Whitehall for his own reſidence, the old
Confeffor in the year 1066, and that the latter palace near the abbey being deſtroyed by fire.
was nor founded till 1359; he, therefore, ſup-
He alſo incloſed a fine ſpot of ground for a park
poſes that the appellation of Weſtminſter was between the two palaces. And from this time
given to diſtinguiſh it from St. Paul's church in Weſtminſter increaſed greatly with buildings on
the city of London.
every fide. This bishopric was ſoon diffolved,
This part of the metropolis, in ancient times, in 1550, by king Edward VI. and thereby the
was a mean, unhealthy place, with nothing wor title of city, which had been obtained by the
thy of notice but its minfter or abbey, ſituated in above honour, was loft ; though, through cour-
a marſhy iſland, ſurrounded on one ſide by the teſy, people fiill give it that honourable name.
Thames, and on the other by what is called At preſent the city of Weſtminſter confiſts but
Long-ditch ; a branch of the river which began of two pariſhes, St. Margaret's and St. John the
near the eaſt end of the place, where Mancheſter Evangeliſt; but the liberties contain ſeven pa-
court is now ſituated, interfected King-itreet, and riſhes, which are as follow : St. Martin in the
running along where Gardener's-lane now is, to fields, St. James's, Sr. Anne's, St. Paul's Co-
the place called from thence Long-ditch, croſſed vent Garden, St. Mary le Scrand, St. Clement's
Tothill-ſtreet, a little to the weſt of the Gate Danes, St. George's, Hanover-ſquare, and the
houſe, and continued its courſe along the ſouth precinct of the Savoy.
wall of che abbey garden, over which is erected The government both of the city and liberties,
a common fewer. The iſland thus formed was is under the juriſdiction of the dean and chapter
in a manner a waſte overgrown with thorns and of Weſtminiter, in civil as well as ecclefiaftical
briers, and was thence called Thorny iſland. In affairs, and their authority alſo extends to the
this ſituation was the abbey, minſter, or monaſ precinct of St. Martin's-le-Grand, by Newgate-
lery founded ; for the convenience of which a ſtreet, and in ſome towns of Effex, that are ex-
few houſes were probably firſt erected, and theſe empted from the juriſdiction of the biſhop of
at length grew into a finall town, in ancient books London, and the archbiſhopric of Canterbury;
called the town of Weſtminſter.
but the management of the civil part has ever
For many ages Weſtminſter was entirely de ſince the reformation been in the hands of lay-
cached from London, and there was a very confi men, elected from time to time, and confirmed
derable ſpace becneen them. The Strand was by the dean and chapter.
the road which led from London to that town, The principal of theſe magiſtrates is the high
and it was open on either ſide to the Thames and fteward, who is uſually one of the prime nobilicy.
to the fields. In 1385 we find thac this road was This great officer is choſen by the dean and chap-
paved as far as the Savoy; and many years after ter, and he holds his poft during life; but upon
Sir Robert Cecil building a houſe at Ivy-bridge, his death or relignation, a chapter is called for the
his intereſt brought the pavement of the road to election of another, in which the dean fics as
to be extended thither ; and many of the houſes high ſteward, till the election is finiſhed.
of the nobility were built in the Strand.
The next magiſtrate is the deputy-ſteward,
Weſtminſter owed its moſt diftinguiſhed pri who is choſen by the high-ſteward, and confirmed
vileges to Henry VIII. for in the 37th year of by the dean and chapter. This officer, who like-
his reign an act was paſſed to authorize him by wiſe holds his poſt during life, ſupplies the place
either letters patent or proclamation, to make it of a ſheriff; for he keeps the court leet with the
an honour, a title of diſtinction which he was em. other magiftrates, and is always chairman at the
powered by the ſame act to confer upon Kingſton
upon Hull, St. Olych's in Effex, and Dinnington The next in rank is the high bailiff, who is
in Berkſhite; and after the diffolution of the mo no ninaced by the dean, and confirmed by the
quarter ſeſſions.
high

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
581
high ſteward. He alſo holds his office for life, pher Wren in 1680, and was compleated in two
and has the chief management in the election of years after, though the ſteeple was not raiſed till
njembers of parliament for Weſtminſter, and all
the year 1719.
the other bailiffs are ſubordinate to him. He The body of the church, which is of ſtone;
ſummons juries, and in the court-leet fits next to has two ſeries of windows, the lower plain and
the deputy ſteward. To him belong all fines, the upper well ornamented, and the termination
forfeitures and ſtrays, which renders his place is by an attic, whoſe pilaſters are crowned with
very beneficial; but it is commonly executed by
vafes. On the ſouth ſide it is entered by a por:
a deputy.
tico, to which there is an aſcent of a few ſteps ;
Beſides theſe, there are alſo fixteen burgeſſes the portico is covered with a dome ſupported by
and their aſſiſtants, whoſe office in all reſpects Ionic columns. Oppoſite to this there is another,
reſembles that of the aldermen's deputies of the and on each ſide the baſe of the ſteeple in the
city of London, each having his proper ward
weſt front is a ſmall ſquare tower with its dome.
under his juriſdiction ; and out of theſe are elect The ſteeple is carried to a great height in ſeveral
ed two head burgeſſes, one for the city, and the ftages : where it begins to diminiſh the Ionic ora
other for the liberties, who take place in the der takes place, and upon its entablature ſupports
court-leet next to the head bailiff.
vaſes. The next ſtage is Corinthian, and above
There is alſo a high conſtable, who is choſen
chat ſtands the Compoſite ſupporting a dome which
by the court-leet, and has all the other confta is crowned with a ſmaller one, from whence riſes
bles under his drection.
the ball and its fane.
Thus the government of Weſtminſter has but This church is a rectory, ſaid to be worth 6ool.
little reſemblance to that of an opulent and noble per annum, in the gift of the earl of Exeter and
city ; it being much more like that of a little his heirs. The veſtry is ſelect ; and the officers
country borough, ſince its repreſentatives are are fix burgeſſes and their deputies, two church-
choſen by the houſeholders, and it has not the
wardens, five overſeers, of which four are col.
power of making freemen; has no trading com-
lectors for che poor, two ſurveyors for regulating
panies ; nor any other courts, beſides thoſe of the the pavements of the ſtreets, eight conftables,
leet, the ſeſſions, and a court of requeſts lately | eight ſcavengers, four furveyors of the highway,
erected.
twenty-four jurymen of the dutchy liberty, four
Excluſive of theſe officers there are in Weſt ale-conners, and four fleſh taſters.
minſter and its liberties fifty-two inqueſt-men,
This pariſh is divided into two liberties, viz.
twelve ſurveyors of the highways, fifty-five con the upper and the lower. The upper, which is
ſtables, thirty-one beadles, (wo hundred and in the liberty of Weſtminſter, contains four wards,
thirty-ſix watchmen, and eighty ſcavengers, who Temple-bar ward, Sheer lane ward, Drury-lane
pay to the rakers for cleaning the ſtreets apwards ward, and Holywell ward. The lower liberty is
of 4000l. per annum.
in the dutchy of Savoy, and contains alſo four
We ſhall begin the ſurvey of this part of the wards, viz. Royal ward, Church ward, Middle
metropolis at Temple-bar; on the outſide of ward, and Savoy ward.
which we enter the dutchy of Lancaſter liberty. In the upper church-yard are three ſchools ;
This part extends on the ſouth ſide of the Strand one for ſeventy boys, who are taught reading,
to the eaſt ſide of Cecil-ſtreet, reaches down this writing, and arithmetic, by the maſter, who
ſtreet to the Thames, and thence to Effex build is allowed 40l. per annum, and coals and can-
ings, and takes in all the houſes to Temple-bar. dles. The boys are alſo inſtructed in the ma-
On the north ſide it extends from Temple-bar to thematics, and are taught to ſing by maſters who
where the Maypole ſtood (now ſituated the New are paid for teaching them. In the ſecond ſchool
Church) and extending down Holywell-ftreet, be are forty girls, under a miſtreſs, who teaches
hind St. Clement's, paffes by Butcher-row, tak them to read, lew, knit, &c. and ſhe has 2ol.
ing in all the range of buildings. Beyond the per annum, beſides coals and candles: theſe girls
place of the Maypole this liberty begins again, have alſo a ſinging maſter to teach them, and
near the Fountain-tavern in Catharine-ftreet, and both boys and girls are cloathed in blue. The
reaches from thence into the Strand, as far as third ſchool is the horn book ſchool, where thirty
Exeter-change; then turning up Burleigh-ſtreet, children are taught by a miſtreſs appointed for
it runs up within four houſes of the corner of
that purpoſe.
Effex ſtreet, and croſſing it, proceeds into Catha Here are alſo fix alms-houſes, wich fix rooms,
rine-ftreet, by the Fountain tavern.
and twelve poor women in each houſe, who are
The firſt public building within this diſtrict, allowed 2s. per week. And in the lower church-
which is ſituated an the north ſide of the Strand, yard are five rooms for poor women, each of whom
is the pariſh church of
has 29. 6d. per week.
The remarkable places in this pariſh are, Cle-
St. CLEMENT DANE S. ment's-Inn, New-Inn, and Lyon's-Inn, the Hack-
ney-coach office, and the ſociety for encouraging
This church is dedicated to St. Clement, a dif arts and manufactures.
ciple of St. Peter the apoſtle; and it receives the
addition of Danes from its having been origi-
CL E M E N T's I N N.
nally a burial-place for the people of thac nacion.
A church has been ſituated on the ſame fpot ever
This inn received its name from its ſituation in
fince the year 700. The preſent edifice began the neighbourhood of St. Clement’s church; it
to be erected under the direction of Sir Chriſto. belongs to the Inner Temple, and conſiſts of a
49
hall
7 H

$82
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
hall and three courts, where the ſtudents of the the ſaid act of parliament appointed to be taken
law have had lodgings ever ſince the year 1478. by them reſpectively.
That no licenſed hackney-coachman, or dri-
N E W IN N.
ver of ſuch coach, ſhall preſume to take for his
hire in and about the cities of London and Weft-
This was ſo called in contradiftin&tion to an minſter, or ten miles of the ſame, above the
old inn which belonged to this fociety in Sea rate of ten ſhillings per day, reckoned at twelve
coal-lane, near Fleet-ditch. It is ſituated in hours; and by the hours, eighteen pence for
Wych-ftreet, and joins to Clement’s-inn. It is the firſt, and twelve pence for every hour after ;
ſpacious and airy, conſiſting only of one well and from any of the inns of court, or thereabouts,
built court, with a handfonie hall and ſmall gar to any part of St. James's or Weſtminſter (except
den. This ion belongs to the Middle Temple, beyond Tothil ftreet) one ſhilling; and from any
and is governed by a treaſurer, and twelve an of the ſaid inns of court to the Royal Exchange,
cients,
one ſhilling, and if to the Tower of London, Bi-
ſhopſgace-Itreet, Aldgate, or thereabouts, one
L YO N’s I N N.
ſhilling and ſixpence ; and from the ſame places
to the laid inns of court; and the like rates to
This is oppoſite to New-inn, and is ſaid to have and from places of the like diſtances.
been in poffeffion of the ſtudents and practition-
Purſuant to the directions of the ſaid act of
ers of the law ever fince the year 1420. It be parliament, and for the better aſcertaining the
longs to the Inner Temple.
fares between the moſt remarkable places of this
At the north-eaſt corner of New-inn is a paf- | city and fuburbs, the commiſſioners of the hack-
fage which leads into
ney-coach office cauſed the diſtances between the
followings parts to be meaſured, and the ſeveral
CL ARE MARK E T.
rates fixed accordingly.
This is ſo called from the family of Clare,
Rates of one ſhilling
dukes of Newcatile, who were the original pro-
prietors thereof. It is an excellent market for
From Weſtminſter-hall to Marlborough-ftreet,
butcher's meat, poultry, fiſh, and all ſorts of Albemarle-ſtreet, Bolton-ſtreer, Bloomſbury-
garden ſtuff.
ſquare, Soho-ſquare, or Little Queen-ſtreet,
Holbourn.
HACKNEY-COACH-OFFICE.
--. St. James's-gate to Queen Anne's-ſquare, Weſt-
minſter; or the neareſt corner of Red Rion-
This office, which is kept on the weſt ſide of ſquare.
Surry-ſtreet in the Strand, was erected by act of || Golden-ſquare to Red Lion ſquare.
parliament in the year 1696, for licenſing hack- || Hay-market Playhouſe to Red Lion-fquare,
ney coaches and chairs, and to put them under Queen's Anne's-ſquare, Weſtminſter, Thavie's-
the government of five commiſſioners, who have inn, or Bloomſbury-ſquare.
each a falary of 150l. per annum. The number Red Lion-ſquare to Guildhall.
of coaches is limited to eight hundred ; out of Upper end of Fetter-lane in Holbourn to Aldgate.
which two hundred are to ply every Sunday in Royal Exchange to Hoxton-ſquare.
their turn, on the forfeiture of 5l. for every coach Newgate to the middle of Greek-ſtreet near Soho-
man who plies out of his turn.
ſquare.
For the better government of theſe coaches The King's-head Tavern in Southwark to the
and chairs, and preventing the drivers and own ſign of Sir William Walworth, at Walworth.
ers impofing on thoſe who employ them, each Gray’s-inn gate to Sadler's-wells near Inington.
coach has its reſpective number on a tin plate Covent-garden to Clerkenwell church.
fixed on each ſide. The price of each licence is Temple bar to Billingſgate.
sol. No perſon is allowed to have more than Aldgate to Shadwell.
two licences ; and every proprietor pays 55. per
week by monthly payments, to the receiver of Rates of one ſhilling and ſixpence.
the office. A hackney coachman plying without
a licence, uſing another's figure, or defacing his From Drury-lane playhouſe to Queen-ſquare,
own, forfeits 51. And no horſe, mare, or geld-
Weſtminſter.
ing, under fourteen hands high, is to be uſed in
Weſtminſter-hall to St. Paul's church.
drawing hackney coaches,
Weſtminſter-hall to Queen’s-ſquare, Red Lion-
If any coachman abufes a paſſenger, exacts fields.
more for his fare than he ought to do, or refuſes St. James's-gate to Hatton-garden.
to go, whether by day or night, fair or foul wea New Exchange in the Strand to the Royal Ex-
ther, on complaint being made to the commiſ change.
fioners, and the number of the coach delivered Hay-market playhouſe to Hatton-garden.
in, ſuch coachman will be ſummoned to appear, Red Lion-ſquare to Weſtminſter-hall.
fined for each offence twenty or forty ſhillings, St. James's to Marybone church.
according to the nature of his crime. And as a From any of the inns of court to the Tower, Ald-
farther regulation for the ſaid hackney coachmen gate, Biſhopſgate-ftreet, or chereabouts.
and their employers, the following rates are by The Royal Exchange to Bloomſbury-ſquare.
The

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON..
$83
to
The Royal Exchange to the watch-houſe at of Bath's palace, which coming to the earl of
Mile-end.
Arundel, it received the appellation of its new
The Outſide of Aldgate to Stepney church. maſter; but it at laſt making way for new ſtreets,
Bedford-ſtreet, Covent-garden, Coleman the titles of the laſt noble poffeffor are ſtill re-
ftreet.
tained in thoſe denominated Arundel and Nor:
Bread-ftreet to Upper Moorfields and Hoxton folk.
ſquare.
Here is a ſtreet, from a well formerly therein,
Auſtin Friars-gate in Broad-ſtreet to Hart-ſtreet called Holywell-ftreet. It probably received this
by Bloomſbury-market.
epithet from a chapel, ſaid to have ſtood near
St. Martin's-lane in the Strand to Gold-ſtreet by St. Innocent's church, or St. Mary-le-Strand.
Wood-ſtreer.
At the upper end of Wych-ſtreet, and lower
The end of Lombard-ſtreet next Gracechurch end of Drury-lane anciently ſtood the houſes of
ſtreet to Somerſet-houſe.
che noble families of Drury and Craven; and as
St. Laurence church by Guildhall to Brownlow from the former the neighbouring lane was deno-
ſtreet in Drury-lane.
minated, fo from the latter, a handſome court
The Royal Exchange to the church at Newington received the name of its buildings.
beyond Southwark.
· Some way farther to the weſt from St. Cle-
Covent-garden to the Royal Exchange.
ments, we find the pariſh and church of
The Manſion-houſe to Charing.croſs.
Aldgate to Ratcliff-crofs.
St. M AR Y LE SRT AN D.
Hackney-chairmen are ſubject to the ſame re This church is ſo called from its dedication to
gulations as the hackney-coachmen; and if they the Virgin Mary, and its ſituation in the middle
behave ill any perſon inay have them fined or of the Strand.
puniſhed by producing the number of the chair, The original church belonging to this pariſh is
and making complaint at this office. The only mentioned ſo early as the year 1222, when it was
difference between them and the hackney-coach named St. Mary and the Innocents of the Strand;
men is, that they are obliged to go the fame but how long ic ſtood before that time is uncer-
diſtance for eighteen.pence, which the coachmen tain. It was then ſituated on the ſouch ſide of the
perform for a ſhilling; they are not to take more Strand nearly oppoſite the preſent edifice; for the
than one ſhilling for any diſtance not exceeding a || erecting of which it was taken down in 1549, by
mile, nor more than eighteen-pence for any dift order of Edward Seymour, duke of Somerſet;
ance not exceeding a mile and a half.
which depriving the pariſhioners of a place of
worſhip, they joined themſelves to the church of
Rates of one ſhilling.
St. Clement Danes, and afterwards to that of St.
John Baptiſt in the Savoy, where they continued
From Weſtminſter- hall to Covent garden, or till the year 1723. At length the act having
Exeter-change.
paſſed for erecting the fifty new churches within
St. James's-gate, thro' the Park, to Weſtminſter the bills of mortality, one was appointed for this
hall.
pariſh, and the firſt ſtone laid on the 25th of Fe-
Hay-market Playhouſe to Bolton-ſtreet
bruary 1714. It was finiſhed in three years and
Hay-market Playhouſe to the entrance of Lin a half, though it was not conſecrated till the firſt
coln's-inn Fields.
of January 1723, when, inſtead of its ancient
St. James's-gate to Somerſet-houſe.
name, it was called St. Mary le Strand.
Somerſet-houſe to the upper end of Hatton-gar This is a very ſuperb, though not a very ex-
den.
tenſive edifice; mally, without the appearance of
Hay.market Playhouſe to Soho-ſquare.
being heavy, and formed to ſtand for ages. At
The neareſt corner of Golden-ſquare to Drury the entrance on the weſt end is an aſcent by a
lane Playhouſe.
flight of ſteps cut in the ſweep of a circle. There
lead to a circular porcico of Ionic columns co-
Rates of one filling and fixpence.
vered with a dome, which is crowned with an
elegant vaſe. The columns are continued along
From Weſtminſter-hall to Malborough-ſtreet, the body of the church, with pilaſters of the ſame
Soho-ſquare, Bolton-ſtreet, and Temple-bar. order at the corners, and in the intercolumnia-
St. James's-gate to Queen Anne's-ſquare, Weſt tions are niches handſomely ornamented. Over
minſter.
the dome is a pediment ſupported by Corinthian
Golden-ſquare to Red Lion-ſquare.
columns, which are alſo continued round the bo-
Red Lion-ſquare to the Hay-market Playhouſe. dy of the ſtructure, over thoſe of the Ionic order
Queen’s-ſquare to the ſaid houſe.
beneath; between which are the windows placed
Hay-market Play. houſe to Bloomſbury-ſquare. over the niches. Theſe columns are ſupported on
Hay-market Playhouſe to Gray’s-Inn.
pedeſtals, and have pilaſters behind with arches
ſprung from them, and the windows have angular
In the Strand, between Eſſex-ſtreet and Mil and circular pediments alternately. A handlome
ford-lane, anciently ſtood the chapel of St. Eſprit, baluſtrade is carried round the top, and its ſum-
but when, or by whom the ſame was founded, is mit is adorned with vaſes. The ſteeple is light
unknown. And nearly contiguous co the ſaid though folid, and ornamented with compoſite
Milford. lane,' on the weſt, was ſituate the biſhop || columns and capitals.
This

584
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.-
{cavengers.
This church is a rectory in the gift of the bi EX E TER EXCHANGE. 3
ſhop of Worceſter ; the value of the living is
2251. beſides ſurplus fees. Of this ſum one hun This is ſo called from its fituation on the ſpor
dred pounds has been given and ſectled by par where once ſtood the manfion houſe of the earls
liament, and an hundred and twenty-five pounds of Exeter. It is a large building erected for the
is raiſed by the inhabitants by a rate of four-pence benefit of trade, and conſiſting of a lower and
in the pound, in lieu of tythes.
upper floor. The lower floor is laid out into
The veftry is ſelect ; and the pariſh officers are, little ſhops, ranged on each ſide a long room ;
two church wardens and two overſeers of the poor. and the upper one is now uſed for auctions and
The peace officers are, one conftable, and two other like purpoſes.
Nearly oppoſite this is an ancient building,
On the fite of this church, till the year 1714.
called
ſtood a very lofty May-pole, which, on public
occaſions, was adorned with ſtreamers, flags, gar-
The SAVO Y.
lands of flowers, &c. At the digging the foun-
dation for the preſent church, the virgin earth This place receives its name from Peter, earl
was diſcovered at the depth of nineteen feet; of Savoy, who built a large houſe here in the
whereby it appears that the ground in this neigh year 1245, and gave it to the fraternity of
bourhood originally was not much higher than Mountjoy, of whom queen Eleanor, wife of Ed-
the Thames; therefore this village was cruly de ward III. purchaſed it for her ſon, the duke of
nominated the Strand, from its ſituation on the Lancaſter. When it came into the hands of
bank of the river.
Henry VII. he founded here an hoſpital, and
The moſt remarkable building in this pariſh is called it the hoſpital of St. John Baptiſt. Ic
a royal palace, called
confifted of a maſter and four brethren, who were
to be in prieſts orders, and officiate in their
SOMERSET HOUSE. turns, and they were to ſtand alternately at the
gate of the Savoy, and if they ſaw any perſon
This was built about the year 1549 by the who was an object of charity, they were obliged
duke of Somerſet, uncle to Edward VI. and to take him in and feed him. If he proved to be
protector of England, who demoliſhed the pa a traveller he was entertained for one night, and
laces of the biſhops of Cheſter and Worceſter, a letter of recommendation, with ſo much money
an inn of chancery called Strand Inn, with the || given him as would defray his expences to the
church of St. Mary le Strand, that ſtood there, next hoſpital.
and building this palace with the materials, it In the ſeventh year of Edward VI. chis hofpi-
from him obtained the name of Somerſet-houſe. tal was ſuppreſſed, and the furnicure given to the
But the duke being ſoon after attainted, it fell hoſpitals of Bridewell, St. Thomas, &c. buc fall-
to the crown, and has uſually been aſſigned for ing into the hands of queen Mary I. the new
the reſidence of the queen dowager. In this founded and endowed it plentifully, and it was
palace Anne of Denmark, queen to king James under the care of a maſter, and four brethren in
I. kept her court, whence it was called Denmark holy orders, and a receiver of the rents, who was
houſe during that reign ; but it ſoon after reco alſo the porter, and locked the gates every night;
vered the name of the founder. It was the re and he choſe a watchman. The original rents
ſidence of queen Catharine, dowager of king amounted to 22,000l. per annum, which being
Charles II. and was ſettled on the late queen Ca deemed too large an endowment, an act of re-
roline, in caſe ſhe had ſurvived his late majeſty. ſumption was obtained in the 4th and 5th of Wil.
It conliſts of ſeveral courts, and has a garden be liam and Mary, fo thac che lands reverted to the
hind ſituated on the bank of the Thames. The
But thoſe who had caken leaſes from
firſt court is a handſome quadrangle, built on all the maſter of Savoy, had them confirmed for
ſides with free-ſtone. On the ſouth fide is a ever, upon the payment of twenty years pur-
piazza, before the great hall or guard-room ; chaſe ; a reſerve being made of 8ool or 1000),
beyond which are other courts that lie on a de a year, in perpetuity for the maſter and four bre-
ſcent towards the garden and the Thames; and thren, &c.
on the ſide of the river king Charles II. added a The Savoy has been reduced to aſhes ſeveral
magnificent ſtructure of free-ſtone, with a noble times, particularly by Wat Tyler and Jack
piazza built by Inigo Jones. This new building | Cade; and at other times by accident.
contains the royal apartments, which command a The chapel in the Savoy (which is called St.
beauciful proſpect of the river, and the country Mary le Savoy) is probably the chapel of St.
beyond it. The garden was adorned with ſta John the Baprift
. It is all ſtone work, and
tues, ſhady walks, and a bowling green : but as ſeems to be of great antiquity by its aſpect. Ic
none of the royal family have reſided here ſince was repaired, anno 1721, at the ſole charge of
queen Catharine, ſeveral of the officers of the his majeſty George I, who alſo encloſed the bu.
court, and its dependents, are permitted to lodge rial ground with a ſtrong brick wall, and added
in it; and great part of it has been lately uſed as a door to it, half of which conſiſts of iron work.
barracks for ſoldiers and recruits. The garden is In the firſt year of the reign of queen Anne,
entirely decayed, and the apartments are become commiſſioners were appointed to viſit the hoſ-
ſuitable to thoſe who occupy them.
pital, who were ſeven lords ſpiritual, and as
Near to the weſt from Somerſet-houſe, on the many lords temporal: the commiſſion was open-
north ſide of the Strand, ſtands
ed by Sir Nathan Wright, then lord-keeper of
the
Crown.

Engrwal for Chamberlains Mijtory of London
.
View of $IPauls Church
Covent Garden
Vow of SIMARY lé Stráno. View of S? CLEMENTS Church
Strand

HISTORY and SURVEY of LON D O :
585
the great ſeal; and three of the brethren, or city, and the gates on each ſide are very eleganti
chaplains, were diſcharged, becauſe they had and ſuitable to the ſtructure.
other benefices, as was alſo the fourth, by reaſon In 1645 the precinct of Covent-garden was
he was a teacher of a ſeparate congr. gation ſeparated from St. Martin's; and conſtiluted an
The chapel is ficuare by the church-yard of independent pariſh, which was confirmed after
the Savoy, which ſtands between the ſouth ſide the reitoration in 1660, by the appellation of St:
of the Strand, and the Thames, and in the coun Paul's, Covent-garden, when the patronage was
ty of Middleſex.
veſted in the earl of Bedford : and as it eſcaped
Ic is in the gift of the lord high treaſurer, or the fire in 1666, which did not reach ſo far, it
commiſſioners of the treaſury for the time be remains as it came from the hands of that great
ing.
architect Inigo Jones:
The value is uncertain, but computed to be In the front is a plain, but noble portico
worth by fees, dues, &c. fol. per annum. The of the Ivican order, executed in the moſt
veftry conſiſts of fourteen inhabitants. The of maſterly manner; the columns are maſſy, and
ficers are, two chapel wardens, and two overſeers. the intercolumniation large, which has an air of
The remarkable places and things are, two noble fimphcity. The building, though as plain
German churches, one of which is a Calviniſt, as poſſible, is happily proporcioned; the walls
and the other a Lutheran; one French church, are of brick covered with plaiſter, and the cor-
and one Quakers meeting. Barracks for 500 ners of ſtone; the roof is Aar; and though of
loldiers ; the Savoy priſon for deſeriers and great extent, is ſupported by the walls alone,
other delinquents of the army, and for ſecuring without coluinns. The pavement is ſtone ; the
the recruits. Here is alſo an handſome infirmary windows are of the Tuſcan form like the portico,
for ſuch of the guards as fall fick, and for three and ihe altar-piece is adorned with cight Auted
or four officers:
columns of the Corinthian order, painted in imi.
A little to the weſtward from the Savoy ends tation of porphyry.
the dutchy liberty, at Cecil-ſtreet; on the ſouth This church ſtands in the liberty of Weſtmin-
ſide of the Strand; and about oppoſite this ſtreet Ater, and is a rectory valued at 400l. per annum,
is Southampton-ſtreet; which leads up to Covent beſides a parſonage houſe in the gift of the duke
garden.
of Bedford.
This place received its name from being for The veftry in moſt caſes is in the nature of a
merly a garden belonging to the abbot and monks ſelect one, compoſed of the church wardens, or
of the convent of Weſtminſter, whence it was any two of them being preſent, and the ancients
called Convent-garden, a name ſince corrupted of the pariſh, who have ſerved the office of church-
into Covent and ſometimes Common-garden. At wardens. The pariſh officers are, three church-
the diffolution of religious houſes it fell to the wardens, chofen yearly in Eaſter werk, viz. one
crown and was given firſt to Edward duke of || by the duke of Bedford, one by the rector, and
Somerſet ; but ſoon after upon his attainder, it one by the inhabitants, being houlholders of the
reverted again to the crown, and Edward VI. pariſh, or the major part of them, and two over-
granted it in 1552 to John earl of Bedford, to ſeers of the poor. The peace officers are one
gether with a field, named the Seven Acres, which burgefs aſſiſtant, four conſtables, four ſcavengers,
being afterwatds built into a ſtreet, is from its two ſurveyors of the highways, and two ſurveyors
length called Long Acre.
of the ſtreets.
Here is a large ſquare called Covent garden In this pariſh are two charity ſchools, main-
market. It contains about three acres of ground, tained by ſubſcription ; one for thirty boys, which
and is the beſt market in England for herbs, fruit is kept under the belfry, who are taught to read,
and flowers. It is ſurrounded by a wooden rail, wrice, and caſt accounts, are cloathed, and have
and a column is erected in the middle of it, on five pounds given to put each of them apprentice;
the top of which are four ſun-dials. There is a the maſter's ſalary is twenty-five pounds per an-
magnificent piazza on the north ſide of this ſquare, The other is for twenty girls, who are
deſigned by Inigo Jones, which, if carried round cloathed, taught to work, read and write, and
ic according to the plan of this celebrated archi have three pounds given to put each of them out
tect, would have rendered it beyond diſpute one to do all manner of houſhold work: the miſtreſs,
of the fineſt ſquares in Europe. There was ano who finds a ſchool room, has a ſalary of 321. per
ther piazza at the ſouth eaſt corner ; but that be annum. Here is likewiſe a theatre called Covent-
ing lately conſumed by fire has not been re garden playhouſe, and a round-houſe.
built.
Returning to the Strand, and proceeding
On the weſt ſide of this ſquare ftands the pa weſtward from Southampton-ftreet, we come to
rochial church of
St. Martin's.lane, near the ſouth eaſt angle of
which is ſituate the pariſh church of
St. P A U L, Covent-Garden.
St. MARTIN in the Fields.
This church, which is dedicated to St. Paul,
was erected in the year 1640, as a chapel of eaſe This church is ſo called from its dedication
to St. Martin's in the Fields, at the expence of to St. Martin, and being originally ſituated in
Francis earl of Bedford, for the convenience of the fields. Though the preſent ſtructure is of a
his tenants, who were then very conſiderably in modern date, there was very early a church up-
creaſed. It is remarkable for its majeſtic fimpli on the ſame ſpot, dedicated co the ſame fain;
49
for
num.
21

586
# IS TORT and SURVEY of LONDON.
for there are authentic records of a diſpute in War's office in Whitehall; the king's muſe; a
1222, between the abbot of Weftininſter and the play-houſe on the weſt ſide of the Haymarket,
biſhop of London, concerning the exemption of a chapel in Coventry-coure ; part of Leiceſter-
the church of St. Martin in ihe fields, from the ſquare; part of the king's play-houſe, called the
juriſdiction of the biſhop of London. How long Theatre Royal in Drury-lane; the New Exchange
before this building for the ſervice of religion in the Strand, Northumberland-houſe ; a French
was erected there, is not ealy to determine ; but chapel in Spring-garden ; another in Long's pal-
it was probably a chapel for the monks of Weſt fage in Orange ſtreet ; a chapel in Chapel-court,
minſter, when they viſited their convent garden, Long-acre ; another in Broad-court, Drury-lane,
which then extended to it. However, the en called Taviſtock-chapel; one in Oxendon-ſtreet;
dowments of this church fall with the monks and one in Privy-garden.
who poffeffed it, and in Henry the VIIIch's reign In Hungerford-market is a charity ſchool, ſup-
a ſmall church was built there, at the king's ex ported by voluntary ſubſcription; the boys are
pence; but this ſtructure not being capacious cloached, and taught to read, write, and caft
enough to accommodate the pariſhioners, it was accompas: the ſum of 51. is given with each of
greatly enlarged in 1607. At length, after many them when put apprentice. The girls are clouch-
expenſive repairs, that bailding was taken down ed, and taught to work, knic and fiw; they
in 1721, and ſoon after the first ſtone of the pre have 21. 1os. given with each of them when put
ſent edifice was laid. Five years compleated the out to ſervice, &c.
work, and in 1726 it was conſecrated.
In Caftle-itreet by the Muſe, is a free ſchool,
The whole expence of building and decorat erected and endowed by Dr. Thomas Tenniſon,
ing this church amounted to 60,8911. 1os. 4d. of late archbiſhop of Canterbury; over which ſchool
which 33,4501. was granted by parliament, and there is a fine library; and adjoining to it a work-
the teſt railed by ſubſcription, and the ſale of houſe for employing the poor.
feats in the church.
Nearly oppoſite the ſouth end of St. Martin's-
This is an elegant edifice, built of ſtones. It lane, ſtands
has a noble portico on the weſt front, of Corin-
thian columns, ſupporting a pediment, in which
NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE.
are the royal arms cut in bas relief. The aſcent
to this portico is by a flight of very long ſteps. This building is ſo called from its having been
The length of the church is about one hundred in poſſeſſion of the earls of Northumberland for
and forty feet, the breadth fixty, and the height more than an hundred years. It was firſt built in
forty-five. It has a fine arched roof, ſuſtained the reign of king James I. by Henry Howard,
by Corinthian ftone columns. The ſteeple has a earl of Northampton, and is almolt the only
beautiful ſpire, and one of the beſt ſet of bells houſe of the ancient nobility remaining in Lon-
in London.
don. It originally conſiſted of three fides only,
The living of this church, which is a vicarage but is now a ſpacious quadrangle, with a large
and impropriation in the gift of the king, is garden and fine walks behind it, extending almoſt
faid to be worth 6ool. per annum, though rated to the Thames.
at no more than 121, in the king's books.
The entrance into it is on the ſide of the court
The veſtry is ſelect, and the pariſh officers are, oppoſite to the great gateway; the veftible is
two churchwardens, four fideſmen, and nine about eighty-two feet long, and more than cwelve
overſeers of the poor. The peace officers are, feet broad, being properly ornamented with co.
five burgeſſes, five alliſtant-burgeffes, eighe con-
lumns of the Doric order. Each end of it con-
ftables, two ſcavengers, two furveyors of the municates with a ſtair-caſe, leading to the princi-
highways, and two of the ſtreets.
pal apartments, which face the garden. They
The pariſh of St. Martin, which is fuppofed conſilt of ſeveral ſpacious rooms, fitted up
to have been originally taken out of St. Marga in the moſt elegant manner. The ceilings
ret's, has ſo increaſed both in houſes and inhabi are embelliſhed with copies of antique paint-
tanes, that it is now one of the largeſt and moft ings, or fine ornaments of ſtucco, richly gilt.
populous in the bills of mortality; and though The chimney pieces conſiſt of ſtatuary and
the pariſhes of St. Paul's Covent-garden, St. other curious marble, carved and finished in
Anne's, St. James's, and St. Georges Hanover the moſt correct taſte. The rooms are hung
ſquare, have been taken out of it, the number either with beautiful capeſtry or the richeſt da-
of its houſes is computed at upwards of five maſks, and magnificently furniſhed with large
thouſand.
glafles, chairs, fettees, marble cables, &c. with
The remarkable places and things in this pa frames of the moſt exquiſice workmanſhip, and
riſh are, part of the Privy garden; part of St. richly gilt. They alſo contain a great variety of
James's-park; the Cockpit; in which is the landicafes, hiſtory pieces, and portraits, painted
Treaſury, the Wardrobe, and the Plantation by Titian and the moſt eminent mafters. In
office ; che Tilt-yard-guard; the Horſe-guards ; ſome of the rooms are large chefts, embelliſhed
Whicchall; the Banquetting, houſe ; the Royal with old genuine japan ; which being great rari-
Tennis court ; the effigies of king Charles I. in ties are almoſt ineſtimable,
a Roman military habir, on horſeback, ar Char. The left wing, which forms a ſtate gallery or
ing-croſs; and king James II. ſtanding on a pe ball-rooni, is admirable in every reſpect, whether
deſtal wich a truncheon in his hand, in the Privy we conſider the dimenfions, the taſte, and maf-
garden; alſo the Loctery-office in the fame gar terly manner in which it is finiſhed, or the elegant
den; the Jewel-office, and the Secretary of magnificence of che furniture. It is to6 fect
long,

HISTORY and SURVÊ Ñ of LONDON $87
long, the breadth being a fourth part of the Excluſive of the apartments already deſcribed:
length, and the height equal to the diagonal of | there are above 140 rooms in this houſe, which
the breadth. The ceiling is coved and orna are chiefly appropriated to the private uſes of the
mented with figures and feftoons richly gilt. || family. The apartments of lord and lady Nor-
The flat part is divided into five copartments, or-
thumberland are very commodious and elegantly
namented with fine imitations of ſome antique || furniſhed: her ladyſhip's cloſet is even a repoſi-
figures ; as, a flying Fame blowing a trumpet ; tory of curioſities and, amongſt other valuable
a Diana; a triumphal car drawn by two horſes ; things, contains fo fine a collection of pictures,
a Flora ; and a Victory holding out a laurel as to afford a moſt pleaſing and almoſt endleſs en-
wreach. The entablature is Corinthian, and of tertainment to a connoiſſeur. The two libraries
moſt exquiſite wurkınanſhip. The light is ad alſo conſiſt of a great variety of books on the
mitted through nine windows in the fide next the moſt uſeful and curious ſubjects, collected with
garden, being equidiſtant from each other, and judgment.
in the fame horizontal direction. Above theſe is The garden lies between the houſe and the
another row of windows, which, though not vi Thames, and forms a pleaſing piece of ſcenery
ſible in the room, are ſo artfully placed as to before the principal apartments; for it confifts
chrow a proper quantity of light over the cornice, of a fine lawn ſurrounded with a neat gravel
ſo that the higheſt parts of the room are as much walk, and bounded next the walls by a border
enlightened as the loweſt, and the pictures on the of curious flowers, ſhrubs, and evergreens.
oppoſite ſide are free from that confuſed glare Near Northumberland-houſe is a large opening
which would ariſe from a leſs judicious diſpoſition. called Charing-croſs, from one of the croſſes
In the ſpaces between the windows there are ta which king Edward I. cauſed to be erected in me-
bles of antique marble, and ſtools covered with mory of his queen Eleanor, and Charing, the
crimfon damalk, alternately. The piers are like name of a village which ſtood on the ſpot where
wife ornamented with large ſquare and oval the croſs was built. The croſs continued vill the
glaffes, arranged in the aforeſaid order; the civil wars in the reign of king Charles I. when
frames of which form a beautiful variety of fo it was entirely deſtroyed by the Fanatics, as a
liage to adorn the higher parts quite up to the monument of popiſh fuperftition ; but after the
entablature.
reſtoration, an equeſtrian ſtatue of king Charles I.
The oppoſite ſide is divided into three large was ſet up in its ſtead. This ſtatue, which ſtill
ſpaces by two chimney pieces made of ſtatuary remains is of braſs, and very finely executed.
marble, wich cornices ſupported by figures of It ſtands on a pedeſtal ſeventeen feet high, and is
Phrygian captives, copied from thoſe in the ca. ſecured by a palliſade, incloſing an area of thirty
pitol of Rome, and executed in a maſterly man feet diameter, which is elevated about twelve
ner. The finiſhing above the chimney pieces con inches above ſtreet.
liſts of terms, ſphinxes, feftoons; &c. and with Not far from this, on the weſt ſide of the ſtreet,
in the ſpaces formed by theſe ornaments are nearly oppoſite to Scotland-yard, - ſtands
placed whole length portraits of the earl and
counteſs of Nortbunberland in their robes.
The ADMIRALTY OFFICE.
The three grand diviſions on this fide ate or-
10. O
namented with copies of five of the moſt admir This is a magnificent ſtructure built with brick
ed paintings in Italy, which are placed as follows and ſtone. The eaſt front has two deep wings,
In the middle and largeſt diviſion is Raphael's and a very lofty portico, fupported by four very
celebrated ſchool of Athens, copied from the ori- | large ſtone pillars. Beſides a hall, and other com-
ginal in the varican by Raphael Mengs. In the mon rooms, here are ſeven ſpacious houſes for as
two other diviſions on the right and left hand many commiſſioners of the admiralty. The wall
ſide of the former are placed the feaſt and coun before the court is built in an elegant manner: a
cil of the Gods, which were alſo painted by Ra piazza, conſiſting of beautiful columns runs al-
phael, and copied by Pompeio Batroni from the molt from one end to the other, and each ſide of
originals in the Little Farnefe. The two ends of the gate is ornamented with the figure of a fea-
the gallery are ornamented with the triumphal horfe cuc in ſtone.
proceſſion of Bacchus and Ariadne (originally In this office are tranſacted all maritime affairs
painted by Annibal Caracci in the Farneſe pa- || belonging to the juriſdiction of the admiralty,
lace) and Guido's Aurora. The former was co who hete regulate the affairs of the navy; no-
pied by Felice Conſtanſi, and the latter by Me minate admirals, captains, and other officers to
ſuccio, a ſcholar of Carlo Maracci, from the ſerve on board his majeſty's ſhips of war, and
original in the Villa Roſpiglioſi. All theſe pic- || give orders for the trial of thoſe who have failed
cures are very large, being exactly of the ſame in their duty, or been guilty of other irregularities.
dimenſions with the originals, and are copied in a Farcher from this, on the oppoſite ſide the
very maſterly manner.
ftreet, is a magnificent building called
Under theſe pictures are placed large fophas,
covered with crimſon damaſk and richly orna-
WHITE H A L L.
mented. This gallery is lighted up for the re-
ception of company in che evenings, by means of This was originally built by Hubert de Burgh,
four glaſs luftres, conſiſting in all of as many earlof Kent, before the year 1243. It afterwards
branches as will receive one hundred larger wax came to the archbiſhops of York; whence it was
cardles, and ſuſpended from the ceiling by long called York Place, and continued to be the city
chains, magnificently gilt. baraiso Buoi Il reſidence of the archbiſhops, till it was purchaſed
by

588
HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
by king Henry VIII. of Cardinal Wolſey, in This edifice has on the inſide a court ſurround-
1530; then it became the place of reſidence for ed with buildings, and here is kept the office of
the court, and continued ſo till the year 1697, trade and plantations. This office is under the
when, by accidental fire, it was all burnt down, government of eighe commiſſioners, and other
except the part called the Banquetting-houſe, officers, whoſe buſineſs it is to examine the Cure
which had been added to the palace of Whitehall || tom-houſe accounts of all the goods exported and
by king James I. according to a deſign of Inigo imported to and from the ſeveral parts of the
Jones. This Banqueceing-houſe is an elegant and kingdom, in order to diſcover the advantages and
magnificent ſtructure, built of hewn ftone, a diſadvantages of the trade of this nation with other
dorned with an upper and a lower range of pil- || kingdoms and ſtates, in regard to the balance of
lars, of the Ionic and Compoſite order ; the ca trade, and alſo to benefit our plancacions, by pro-
picals are enriched with fruit and foliage ; and moting their trade, and encouraging ſuch branches
between the columns are the windows. The as are moſt conducive to their reſpective intereſts,
roof is covered with lead, and ſurrounded with a as well as that of the kingdom in general.
baluſtrade. The Banquetting houfe chiefly con We come now to that noble pile of antiquity
ſiſts of one room, of an oblong form, forty feet | Weſtminſter-abbey, of whoſe foundation, gra-
high, and a proportionable length and breadth. dual increaſe, and preſent ſtate, together with a
The ceiling is painted by the celebrated Sip Peter deſcription of the monuments contained therein,
Paul Reubens. It is now uſed only as a chapel the reader will find in page 138, &c.
royal, and the reſt of the houſe ferves for itate. Near the north door of this abbey, and at the
offices.- t.
weſt end of King-itreet, ftands the pariſh church
Oppoſite the Banquetting. houſe is a noble edi of
fice called
- St. M ARGAR E T.
The HORSE GUARD S.
This church was originally erected by Edward
• It confifts of a center and two wings, and has an the confeffor, who having reſolved to rebuild the
air of folidity perfectly agreeable to the nature of conventual church of St. Peter with great mag-
the building. It receives its name from the Horſe- || nificence, imagined that it would be a diſhonour
guards, who, while the king is at St. James's, are to his new and ſtately edifice, to have the neigh-
here on duty, two at a time being conftantly bouring people affemble in it as uſual, for the
mounted and completely armed, under two hand performance of religious worſhip, as well as
ſome ſloped porches detached from the building, prove troubleſome and inconvenient to the
and erected to fhelter them from the weather. monks; therefore, about the year 1064, he
This ſtructure is equally calculated for the uſe of cauſed a church to be erected on the north ſide
the foot as well as the horſe on duty.
of St. Peter's, for the uſe of the neighbouring
In the center of this edifice is an arched paffage inhabitants, and dedicated it to St. Margaret, the
into St. James's-park, and the building over this virgin and martyr of Antioch.nl
has a pediment, in which are the king's-arms in This church, which is ficuated only thirty feet
bas relief. The wing on each ſide of this center to the north of the abbey, was rebuilt in the
is a pavillion, and in the middle rifes a cupola : reign of king Edward I, by the pariſhioners and
the wings are plainer than the center, and conſift merchants of the ſtaple, except the chancel,
each of a front, projecting a litele, with ornament which was erected at the expence of the abbot of
ed windows in the principal ſtory, and a plain one Weſtminſter. In the year 1735 it was not only
in the ſides. Each has its pediment, with a cir repaired, but its tower was caſed, at the ex-
cular window in the center.
pence of three thouſand five hundred pounds,
Near the Horſe-guards, and fronting the parade granted by parliament in conſideration of its be-
in St. James's-park, is a ſtone bailding called ing the church where the houſe of commons at-
tend divine ſervice on ftated holidays, as the
The TR E A SU RY.
peers do at Weſtminſter abbey.
Ic is a plain, neat, and not inelegant Gothic
This edifice conſiſts of three ſtories, of which ſtructure, well enlightened by a ſeries of large
the lowcft is of the baſement kind, with ſmall windows. It has two handſome galleries of con-
windows, though they are contained in large ſiderable length, adorned in the front with carv-
arches. This ſtory has the Tuſcan proportion, ed work : theſe are ſupported by Nender pillars,
and che fecond the Doric, with arched windows of which riſe to the roof, and have four ſmall black
a larger ſize; but what is very remarkable, the up pillars running along each of them, adorned
per part of this ſtory is adorned with the triglyphs || wich gilded capitals both at the galleries and ac
and netopes of the Doric freeza, though the che top, where the flat roof is neatly ornamented.
range of ornament is ſupported by neither co. with ſtucco. The ſteeple conſiſts of a tower,
lumns nor pilaſters. Over this ſtory is a range which rifes to a conſiderable height, and is
of lonic columns in the center, fupporting a pedi crowned with a turret at each corner, and a ſmal
lanthorn ornamented with carved work in the
The Treaſury is under the government of five center, from whence runs a flag ſtaff.
Ho!1992
lords commiſſioners, one of whom is called firſt In 1758 it was repaired at the public expence,
lord of the Treaſury: under theſe are iwo joint and ornamented with new gilding and painting.
fecretaries, four chief clerks, and fixteen under At the eaſt end of this church is a window
clerks, with other officers.
curioufly painted, with the hiſtory of the cruci-
fixion
ment.

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London.
1
17853
159GUIDE
VIEW •of the TREASURY 3 HORSE GUARDS.
2
VIEW of the BANQUITING HOUSE .

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
589
neas.
fixion, together with the figures of ſeveral apoſtles was rebuilt at the charge of doctor Buſby and
and ſaints, finely executed. It belonged formerly Charles Twitcy, eſq; anno. 1700.
to a private chapel at Copt hall, near Epping, in Lady Ann Dacres alms houſes, called Ema-
Effex, and was purchaſed by the officers of this nuel-college, were founded by her the 17th of
pariſh, a few years ago, for four hundred gui- || December, anno 1601, for ten poor men and ten
poor women, (each of whom has liberty to bring
This church is a rectory in the gift of the up one poor child) according to the ſettlement
dean and chapter of Weſtminſter, and is valued for ſeventeen of St. Margaret's pariſh, two of
at 400l. per annum.
Hays, and two of the pariſh of Chelſea. She
The veſtry is ſelect. The pariſh officers are, gave 100l. per annum illuing out of the manor
two churchwardens, and fix overſeers and col of Bramſburton, in the county of York, until
Jeetors for the poor. The peace officers and the expiration of a leaſe of 199 years, and after-
others are, one high ſteward, one deputy.ſteward, wards the whole manor (ſaid to be worth 6ool.
one high bailiff and his deputy, ſeven burgeſſes, per annum) is to accrue to augment this founda-
ſeven aſſiſtant burgeſſes, thirteen conſtables, eight tion. The 100!. is paid out of the chamber of
inqueft-men, four ſurveyors of the highways, iwo London, and is under the care and inſpection of
ſurveyors of the ſtreets, and ſixteen ſcavengers. the Lord-mayor and court of aldermen. No
The remarkable places and things in this pariſh || perſon that is wicked, or cannot ſay the creed
are, the tombs, and monuments in the abbey of and ten commandments in Engliſh, or under
Weſtminſter; Weſtminſter-hall; the courts of fifty years of age, or who has inhabited leſs than
judicature; the Exchequer; the Houſe of Com three years in one of the faid refpective pariſhes
mons; the court of requeſts; the Painted Cham to be admitted into this hoſpital.
ber; the Houſe of Lords ; Lindſey-houſe, Lind In Tothill-lide are Mr. George Whitcher's alms-
ſey-lane; Strafford houſe; Buckingham-houſe, || houſes, founded in the year 1683, for fix poor
now the Queen's-palace; the canal in St. James's- || people who have each five pounds per annum
park; an infirmary ; the New chapel; a chapel and a gown. Here is a chapel for cheir uſe,
at the back of Tothill-ftreet; the Gate-houſe ; and he that reads prayers to the reſt has twenty
and a chapel in Queen's-ſquare.
ſhillings more per annum.
The king's-ſchool, or college, is ſituated near In Tothill-ſide Weſtminſter, are alſo twelve
the abbey, and was founded by queen Elizabeth, || alıs-houſes, fix for men and hx for women,
anno 1560, as a nurſery for the propagacion of re founded by Mr. James Palmer, B. D, anno 1654.
ligion, and orthodox licerature. To this ſchool They have each fix pounds and a chaldron of
belong one fchool-maſter, a fecond maſter; and coals per annum and a gown once in two years.
four uſhers, and forty ſcholars, called the king's Here is a chapel for their uſe, where he prayed
ſcholars; of theſe forty, when qualified, fix or with the poor people iwice every day, and
more are elected yearly, in Eaſter term, and preached twice every week.
tranſlated to the univerſities, viz. To Trinity Near theſe are two alms houſes founded in the
college, in Cambridge, and to Chriſt-church in year 1705, by Mrs. Judith Kifford, wife of Mr.
Oxford. The ſcholars have each a black gown Thomas Kifford, for two decayed, virtuous,
every year; and there are four lords ſcholars (as poor gentlewomen; one to be choſen out of this
they are called) who wear purple gowns, and re pariſh, each of whom has five pounds per an-
ceive a ſtipend yearly from the treaſurer of the
college, out of certain rents ſettled by John Wil A little nearer the chapel in Tothill-fields are
liams, D. D.
two large almis. houſes for men and their wives,
The Almonry-ſchool was founded by Mr Eme each houſe has ſix pounds per annum. They were
ry Hill, where a miſtreſs has 61. per annum, a founded and endowed by Nicholas Butler, eſq;
houſe and a chaldron of coals, for teaching poor in the year 1675
.
children of this pariſh.
Near Tothill-fields are twelve alms houſes
Near Tothill-fields is a free-ſchool, founded erected out of the money left by Emery Hill,
by James Palmer, B. D. for a maſter and twenty who by his will in the year 1677, endowed chem
boys. The maſter has twelve pounds and a chal for the maintenance of fix poor men and their
dron of coals per annum, alſo a houſe, and a wives, and fix widows. The ſingle perſons have
gown once in two years.
each 41. 16s. per annum and the others 7l. 45.
In Chapel-ftreet is a charity ſchool, where Beſides each has a gown once in two years, and a
about ſixty boys have their learning and cloaths, chaldron of coals yearly.
and are put out apprentice, by ſubſcription and In the Little Almonry are twelve alms-houſes
collection at the church door. Theſe children for poor men and their families ; to each is paid
wear blue coats, to diſtinguiſh them.
61. per annum by the dean and chapter of Weſt.
In Tothill-ſide is the Grey coat-hoſpital, minſter.
founded by lecters patent in the year 1706, for In the wool ftaple towards the eaſterly end, are
ſevency boys and forty girls, who are maintained eight alms-houſes for poor people, and to each is
with all neceſſaries of meat, drink, waſhing, || paid out of the treaſury 51. per annum. They
lodging, and cloaths, and put out apprentices. were founded by Henry VIII. in the 36th year of
In Tothill ſide there is alſo the Green coat hoſ.
pital, for the poor fatherleſs children of this In Lady-alley about the middle of King's-
pariſh, founded by. king Chares I. anno 1633, || ftreet, are four alms-houſes for four poor women,
who endowed it with fifty pounds per annum,
each of whom has il. 6s. 8d. per annum paid
which is paid out of the treaſury. This hoſpital out of the treaſury.
50
In
num.
his reign.
7K

590
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
It is gene.
In or near Petty France and the New Chapel, WE ST MINS T E R H A L L.
are twenty alms-houfes built by Cornelius Vanden,
but not being endowed are inhabited by the pa This was firſt built by William Rufus, as an
rifh-penſioners.
addirion to a royal palace chere, and afterwards
There is in the Little Almonry a workhouſe, rebuilt by king Richard II, in the year 1397. Ic
where the poor of this pariſh, and of St. John is reckoned one of the largeſt rooms in Europe,
the Evangeliſt, are employed and maintained. being two hundred and ſevenly feet long, ſeventy-
To this pariſh belongs a priſon called the Gate four feet broad, and ninety feet high, Tupported
houſe, where perſons are confined for debt, by only by buttreffes, without one pillar. The roof
writ directed to the high bailiff of Weſtminſter : is timber, and was a few years ago ſlated, the
it is alſo a gaol for criminal perfons, who have old covering of lead being thought too heavy:
committed any crime in the city or liberty of the pavement is of ſtone. In this ſpacious room
Weſtminſter, Allo
the kings of England have generally held their
By Tothill-fields is a Bridewell, or houſe of coronation and other ſolemn feaſts,
correction, adjoining to the eaſt end of the Green rally uſed for the trial of peers; and here, ever
coat hoſpital, for ſuch as beg or live idly, or lead fince the reign of Henry III. the three great
looſe lives in this city or liberty. It is alſo a gaol courts of Chancery, King's Bench, and Com-
for criminals, who commit offences within the mon Pleas have been held at the four terms of
faid city and liberty, fo made by an act of par-
the year; and above fairs is held the court of
liament in the reign of queen Anne.
Exchequer.
Proceeding weſtward from St. Margaret's The Court of Chancery, took its name from the
church, we come to a place called Mill-bank ; croſs bars of iron or wood, called by the Romans
on the weſt ſide of which ſtands the parochial cancelli, with which it was formerly incloſed, to
church of
prevent the officers being incommodes by the
crowding of the people. The ſupreme and fole
judge of this court is the lord high chancellor.
Sr. JOHN THE EVANGELIST. This great officer, who is afliſted by the matters
in Chancery, takes precedency after the archbi.
The pariſh of St. Margaret being greatly in ſhop of Canterbury; and, next to the king and
creaſed in the number of houſes and inhabitants, princes of the blood, is the higheſt perſon in the
it was judged neceſſary to erect one of the fifty || kingdom in civil affairs. He is generally keeper
new churches within it. This church being fi of the great ſeal, and is thence ſtiled lord keeper.
niſhed, was dedicated to St. John the Evangeliſt ; The chancery conſiſts of two courts, in one of
a pariſh was taken out of St. Margaret's, and the which the lord chancellor proceeds according to
parliament granted the ſum of 2500l. to be laid the laws and ſtatutes of the kingdom, and in the
out in the purchaſe of lands, tenements, &c. for other according to equity, judging rather by the
the maintenance of the rector : but beſides the ſpirit than the letter of the laws. In caſe of ab-
profits ariſing from this purchaſe, it was alſo ſence his place upon the bench is ſupplied by the
enacted, that as a farther proviſion for the rector, maſter of the rolls, who alſo determines cauſes in
the ſum of 1251. ſhould be annually raiſed by an the ſame equitable manner.
equal pound rate upon the inhabitants.
Out of this court are iſſued writs for parlia-
This church was finiſhed in 1728, and is re ments, charcers, paients for ſheriffs, writs of
markable only for having funk while it was build certiorari co remove records and falfe judgments
ing, which occaſioned an alteration in the plan. in inferior courts, writs of moderata miſericordia,
On the north and ſouth ſides are magnificent por when a perſon has been amerced too high, and
ticos, ſupported by vaſt ſtone pillars, as is alſo for a reaſonable part of goods for widows and
the roof of the church. At each of the four orphans. Here alſo are ſealed and enrolled trea-
corners is a beautiful ſtone tower and pinnacle : ties with foreign princes, letters patent, commif-
theſe additions were erected, that the whole might fions of appeal, oyer and terminer, &c. The
ſink equally, and owe their magnitude to the actions in this court are by bill or plaint ; the wit-
ſame cauſe. The parts of this building are held nefſes are privately examined; there is no jury,
together by iron bars, which croſs even the but all the ſentences are given by the judge of the
illes.
The advowſon of this church is in the dean The twelve maſters in Chancery are affiſtants
and chapter of Weſtminſter: and to prevent this of the chancellor or lord-keeper ; the firſt of
rectory being held in commendam, all licences whom is maſter of the rolls, which is a place of
and diſpenſations for holding it are, by act of great dignity, and is in the gift of the king.
parliament declared null and void.
Theſe gentlemen fit at Weſtminſter-hall, with the
The veftry is ſelect. The pariſh officers are, lord chancellor, three at a time while the term
two churchwardens, and two overſeers and col lafts, and two at a time when the chancellor fits
lectors for the poor. The peace officers are, four to hear caufes in his own houſe. The ſalary of
burgefles, with each his aſliſtant, two conftables, the maſters in chancery, excluſive of robe money,
one Turveyor of the highways, two ſurveyors of is zool. per annum, paid quarterly out of the
the ſtreets, and two ſcavengers.
exchequer.
Returning to Weſtminſter-abbey we find, on The Court of King's Bench is the higheſt court
the north ſide thereof, an old Gothic building of common law in England. It is ſo called be-
called
cauſe the king fometimes ſat there in perſon on an
court.
high

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London).
HHHHHHHH
iii
StIohn the Evangelist Westminster.
S. Bennets Paulo Wharf.
Om
ADET
S'Martins Judgate.
St Bride's Fleet Streets
cest Dunstans in Fleet Street on

Engraved forp Chamberlains History of London
ilmith del et Lauta
View of the HOUSE OF COMMONS from the
River Thames
View of the Office of Ordnance with the Entrance of the
HOUSE OF LORDS

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
591
high bench, and judges, to whom the judicature deciſion of any cauſe, they call to their aſiſtance
belongs in his abſence, on a low bench at his feet, the chancellor of the exchequer, who decides in
Or becauſe this coure determines pleas between favour of one of the parties by his caſting vote.
che crown and the ſubject of treaſons, felonies, Adjoining to the ſouth-eaſt angle of Weſtmin-
and other pleas, which properly belong to the minſter-hall is a building formerly called St. Ste,
king ; and alſo in whatever relates to the loſs of phen's chapel, from its having been dedicated to
life or member of any ſubject in which the king St. Stephen. It was founded by that king, and
is concerned. Here likewiſe are tried breaches of rebuilt in 1347 by king Edward III. who con-
peace, oppreſſion, and miſgovernment; and this verted it to a collegiate church ; but ever ſince
court corrects the errors of all the judges and
it was ſurrendered to Edward VI, it has been uſed
juſtices of England, in their judgments and pro-
for the aſſembly of the repreſentatives of the
ceedings, not only in pleas of the crown, but in commons of England, and is now generally
all pleas, real, perſonal, and mixed ; except only
called
pleas in the exchequer. This court is general,
and extends to all England : and wherever it is
The HOUSE OF COMMONS.
held the law ſuppoſes the ſovereign to be there in
perſon. In this couit there generally fit four This is a ſpacious room wainſcotted to the
judges, the firſt of whom is ſtiled the lord chief || ceiling. It is capable of holding fix hundred
juſtice of the King's-bench, and ſometimes the perfons, and has commodious apartments about
lord chief juſtice of England.
it, as the Speaker's chamber, rooms for commit-
The Court of Common Pleas was anciently am tees, and other offices. The beriches for the
bulatory, and followed the king whereſoever he members, which gradually afcend one above ano-
went; but at the confirmation of Magna Charta ther, as in a theatre, are covered with green cloth;
by king John in 1215, it was fixed at Weſtmin the floor is matted, and there are wainſcot gal-
fter, where it ſtill continues. It is ſo denomi leries around it, ſuſtained by cantilevers adorned
nated becauſe in this court are debated the uſual with carved work, where ſtrangers are often per-
or common pleas between ſubject and ſubject,
initted to fit and hear the debate:
and all civil cauſes whatſoever. After this court At the upper end of this room the ſpeaker is
was fixed at Weſtminſter, ſuch a number of placed upon a raiſed ſeat, ornamented behind
cauſes was brought before it, that the king, for with Corinthian columns, and the king's arms
the greater diſpatch of buſineſs, found it neceſ. carved and placed on a pediment; before him is
fary, inſtead of three, to conſtitute fix judges, a table, at which the clerk and his aſſiſtant fit
whom he appointed to fit in two places. At pre near him on each hand, juſt below the chair ;
fent, however, the number is only four, the and on either ſide, as well below as in the galle-
principal of which is ſtiled lord chief juſtice of || ries, the members are placed promiſcuouſly. The
the Common Pleas. Theſe ſic together in Weſt ſpeaker and clerks always wear gowns in the
minſter-hall to hear and determine cauſes; but houſe, as the profeſſors of the law do in term
no counſellor can plead before them under the time; but no other of the members wear robes,
degree of a ſerjeant.
except the four repreſentatives for the city of
The other officers of this court are, the Cuſtos
London, who, the firſt day of every new par-
Brevium; three prothonotaries and their ſecon- liament, are dreſſed in ſcarlet gowns, and fit all
daries ; ſeveral clerks, who have their reſpective together on the right hand of the chair, next to
counties allotted them, and are to engroſs the the ſpeaker.
fines levied on lands in their ſeveral diviſions : The time of fitting is upon any day in the
the Chirographer; the Regiſter of the fines, and morning, except on Sundays, or ſome other high
a clerk of the proclamations. The prothonota- || feſtivals or faſt days, upon which it is noc uſual
ries and chirographer fit in the court covered to aſſemble, unleſs upon the moſt urgent occa-
with black round caps, which was the faſhion ſions : but though the ſpeaker always adjourns
before the invention of hats and wigs. Theſe the houſe to nine o'clock of the morning of the
are all ſworn, and have their offices for life. day when they agree to meet again, the houſe fel-
There are likewiſe ſeveral other officers who are dom meets till twelve.
not ſworn.
1. This houſe has an equal ſhare with the lords in
The Court of Exchequer is ſo called from a making laws, por can any be made without the
chequered cloth, which antiendly covered the conſent of the commons, who are the guardians
table where the judges, or chief officers fat. This of the liberties of the people ; and as they are the
court was firſt erected by William the conqueror, grand inqueſt of the nation, they have a power
for the trial of all cauſes relating to the revenues to impeach the greateſt lords in the kingdom,
of the crown'; and in che ſame court there are both fpiritual and temporal.
now alſo tried matters of equity between ſubjeet On the day prefixed by the king in the writ of
and ſubject.
fummons, his majeſty goes in perſon to the houſe
The judges of this court are, the lord chief of lords, where being ſeated with the crown on
baron of the exchequer, and three other judges his head, and cloathed in his royal robes, he ſends
called barons of the exchequer. There is alſo for the commons by the gentleman uſher of the
the curſitor baron of the exchequer, who admi. black rod, who coming to the bar of the houſe,
niſters the oaths to the ſheriffs, under-ſheriffs, bows, and advancing a few ſteps, repeats this
bailiffs, ſearchers, ſurveyors, &c. of the Cuſtom mark of reſpect a ſecond and a third time, fag-
houſe; but is no judge. When at any time the ing, “ Gentlemen of the houſe of commons, the
barons are of different opinions concerning the king commands this honourable houſe to attend
66 him

592
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
“ him immediately in the houſe of peers; and the table; and then the ſpeaker taking the bill
then retiring backwards, bowing, withdraws : in his hand, reads the abbreviate or abſtract of it:
the commons then immediately attend his majeſty which done, after the debate upon the bill, if
in the houſe of lords, when the lord chancellor any happens, he puts the queſtion, whether is
or keeper commands them in the king's name to ſhall have a ſecond reading, and ſometimes upon
chufe a ſpeaker, upon which they return to their a motion being made appoints a day for it.
own houſe. One of the members then ſtanding When the bill has been read a ſecond time, the
up in his place, and making a ſhort introductory que ſtion is put, whether it ſhall be committed,
ſpeech, moves that ſuch member as he then names, which is either to a committee of the whole houſe,
may take the chair, and his motion being feconded if the bill be of importance; or to a private com-
by ſome other member, if no conteſt happens, || mittee, any member at pleaſure naming the per-
they lead the perſon mentioned from his ſeat to the fons to be of that committee; and their names
bar of the houſe, from whence they conduct him being read by the clerk at the table, they are or-
bowing thrice, up the chair; where being placed, he dered to meet in the ſpeaker's chamber, and re-
ſtands
up,
and returns thanks to the houſe for the port their opinion to the houſe. Accordingly
honour done him, and modeſtly acknowledging | meering there, they chuſe their chairman, and
his inability to diſcharge fo great a truſt, deſires and either adjourn to ſome other time, or proceed
they would make choice of a more able perſon, upon the bill, which in this luft caſe, the chair-
which being diſapproved, he ſubmits to their plea man orders a clerk who attends them to read,
fure; and after receiving the directions of the then taking the bill himſelf, and reading it para-
houſe, on the uſual requeſts to be made on his graph by paragraph, he puts every claule to the
appearing before his majeſty, adjourns to the day queſtion, fills up the blanks, and makes amend-
appointed for that purpoſe.
ments according to the opinion of the majority
But before the commons can enter upon any of the committee, of whom there muſt be eight
buſineſs, or even the choice of a ſpeaker, all the of the perſons named, to proceed regularly, though
members enter the court of wards, where they five may adjourn.
take the oaths of allegiance and ſupremacy, with When the committee have gone through the
thoſe appointed by the act of the firſt of William whole bill, the chairman by their deſire makes his
and Mary, in the preſence of an officer appointed report at the ſide bar of the houſe, reading all the
by his majeſty, who is uſually the lord ſteward of alterations made by the committee, and how any
the houſhold; and after they have choſen the of theſe amendments have altered the ſcope of
ſpeaker, they take the fame oaths again in the the bill, the clerk having before written down in
houſe, at the table, and ſubſcribe their opinions what page and line of the bill chofe amendments
againſt the doctrines of tranſubſtantiation, the are to be found; and if the committee have
invocation and adoration of faints, and the facra thought fit to add any clauſes, they are marked
fice of the maſs; and before they can give any alphabetically, read by the chairman and deli-
vote in the houſe, except for the choice of a vered to the clerk, who reads all the amendments
ſpeaker, they are obliged alſo to abjure the pre and clauſes. The ſpeaker then puts the queſtion,
tender.
whether they ſhall be read a ſecond time, and if
Upon the day appointed, the uſher of the this be agreed to, he then reads them himſelf,
black rod is again fent for the commons, when and particularly as many of them as the houſe
he alters his ſtile, and addreſſes himfelf to the agrees to.
After which the queſtion is put, whe-
ſpeaker. The members, obeying this ſummons, ther the bill fo amended ſhall be ingroſſed, that
return to the houſe of lords, and preſent their is, writcen fair on parchment; and read the third
ſpeaker to the king, who is again feated on the time ſome other day. It being at length read the
throne, and have obtained his approbation, the third time, the ſpeaker holds the bill in his hand,
ſpeaker deſires, that the comnions, during their and puts the queſtion, whether the bill ſhall paſs,
fitting, “may have free acceſs to his majeſty, and if the major part be for it, the clerk writes
“ freedom of ſpeech in their own houſe, and on the bill Soit baillè aux Seigneurs, i. e. Be it de.
“ freedom from arrefts.” After which the king livered to the lords.
makes his ſpeech to both houſes, the whole houſe When an engroſſed bill is read, and any clau-
of commons being ſuppoſed to be at the bar of ſes referred to be added to it, they muſt be on
the houſe of lords.
parchment ingroſſed like the bill, which are then
After the ſpeaker and members have taken the called riders; and if agreed to, they are added to
oaths, the ſtanding orders of the houſe are read, the bill.
and grand committees appointed to ſit on uſual Petitions are offered like bills at the bar of the
days: which being done, the houſe generally be houſe, and brought up and delivered at the table,
gins with reading ſome bills left unfinithed the by the member who preſents them.
feffions before. Any member of parliament is at When a member ſpeaks to a bill, he ſtands
liberty to move for a bill to be brought in ; which up uncovered, and addreſſes himſelf only to the
being agreed to by the houſe, the perſon who ſpeaker; buc if he be anſwered by another, he
made the motion, with ſome of thoſe who fe is not allowed to reply the ſame day, unleſs perſo-
conded ir, are orderd to prepare, and bring it in. nally reflected on: for nobody is to ſpeak to a bill
When the bill is ready, ſome of the members above once in a day, unleſs the whole houſe be
who were ordered to prepare it, read the order ac turned into a committee, and then every member
the ſide bar of the houſe, defiring leave to bring || may reply as often as the chairman thinks proper.
the bill to the table; which upon the queſtion be But if a bill be rejected, it cannot be any more
ing agreed to, it has a firſt reading by the clerk at propoſed, during the ſame feffions.
Meffengers
Vi

HISTORY and SURVEY of LOND O N.
593
Meſſengers from the lords, and all perſons ap accepte leur benevolence, & aufi le veut : that is,
pearing at the bar of the houſe, are introduced the king thanks his loyal ſubjects, accepts of their
by the ſerjeant attending the houſe, with the mace benevolence, and therefore grants his conſent.
upon his ſhoulder.
A bill for a general pardon has but one reading
While the ſpeaker is in the chair, the mače lies in each houſe; becauſe they muſt take it as the
upon the table, except yhen ſent upon any ex king will pleafe to give it: and when this bill is
traordinary occaſion into Weſtminſter-hall and palled the anſwer is, Les Prelats, Seigneurs, &
the court of requeſts, to ſummon the members to Communei, en ce parlement aſſemblez, au nom du
atrend. But when the inembers reſolve them tous vos autre ſujets, remercient très bumblement
felves into a. committee of the whole houſe, the votre Majeſté, & prient Dieus vos donner en fantè
mace is laid under the table, and the chairman to bonne vie & longue : that is, the biſhops, lords,
that committee takes the chair where the clerk of and commons in this parliament aſſembled, in
the houſe uſually fits.
the name of all your other ſubjects, moſt hum-
Forty niembers are neceſſary to make a houſe, bly thank your majeſty, and beſeech God to grant
and eight a committee. But the ſpeaker is not you a long and healthful life.
allowed to vote, except the houſe be equally di The king without his perſonal preſence, may,
vided : nor is he to perſuade or diſſuade in paſſing by a committee granted to ſome of his nobles,
a bill; but only to make a ſhort and plain nar give his royal aſſent to any bill that requires
rative.
haſte.
The members of the houſe of commons vote When his majeſty prorogues or diffolves the
by yeas and noes; but if it appear doubtful which parliament, he generally comes in perſon, and
is the greater number, the houſe divides. If the being feared with the crown on his head, ſends
queſtion relates to any thing already in the houſe, the black rod for all the houſe of commons to come
the noes go out; but if it be to bring any thing to the bar of the houſe of lords; and then the
in, as a bill, petition, &c. the ayes go out : ſpeech being read by the lord chancellor, he, by
where the houſe divides, the ſpeaker appoints the king's fpecial command, pronounces the par-
four tellers, two of each opinion, who after they liament prorogued or diſſolved.
have told thoſe within, place thein in the paſſage The parliament was formerly diſſolved at the
between the bar and the door, and tell the others death of the king; but to prevenc cumults and
who went out, which done, the two tellers who confuſion, it is now expreſsly provided by a ſo-
have the majority take the right hand, and place lemn act, that a parliament fiteing, or in being at
themſelves within the bar, all four advancing the king's demiſe, ſhall continue; and if not fit-
bowing three times; and being come up to the ting ſhall meet expreſsly, for keeping the peace
table deliver the number, ſaying, the ayes who of the realm, and preſerving the ſucceſſion.
went out, are ſo many; the noes who ſtaid ſo Adjoining to Weſtminſter-hall, on the ſouth
many; or the contrary : which is repeated by Gde is an edifice called
the ſpeaker, who declares the majority.
In a committee of the whole houſe, they di THE HOUSE OF LORD S.
vide by changing fides, the ayes taking the right
hand of the chair, and the noes the left ; and This houſe is ſo denominated from its being
then there are only two tellers.
the place where the peers of Great Britain aſſem-
If when a bill is paſſed in one houſe, and ſent ble in parliament. It is an oblong room, ſome-
to the other, they demur upon it; a conference is what leſs than that in which the commons meet,
then demanded in the painted chamber, where and is hung with fine old tapeſtry, with hiſtorical
certain members deputed from each houſe meet, figures, repreſenting the defeat of the Spaniſh
and debate the affair, while the lords fit covered Armada in 1588, the gift of the ſtates of Hol-
at the table, and che commons ſtand without land to queen Elizabeth.
thair hats. If they diſagree, the affair is drop At the upper end of the room is the throne
ped; but if they come to an agreement, it is at upon which the king is ſeated on folemn occaſions,
length brought, with all the other bills that have in his robes, with the crown on his head, and
paſſed both houſes, to receive the royal affent, in adorned with all the enſigns of majeſty. On the
the houſe, where the king being ſeated in the right hand of the throne is a ſeat for the prince of
chair of ſtate, the clerk of the crown reads the Wales, and on the left another for the next per-
title of each bill; and as he reads the clerk of ſon of the royal family.
the parliament, according to the inſtructions he Below the throne, on the king's right hand, are
hath received from his Majeſty pronounces the the ſeats of the two archbiſhops, and a litcle be-
royal aſſent; if ic be a public bill by ſaying, Le low them the bench of biſhops. Before the
Roy le veut, i. e. The king will have it ſo: or if throne, are three broad ſeats fuffed with wool;
a private bill, Soit fait comme il eſt deſirè; i. e. on the firſt of which, next to the throne, fits the
Be it done as is defired. But if his majeſty does lord chancellor or keeper of the great ſeal, who
not approve the bill, the anſwer is Le Roy s'avi is a ſpeaker of the houſe of peers; and on the
ſera: that is the king will conſider of ic.
other two ſit the lord chief juſtice, the mafter of
Money bills always begin in the houſe of com the rolls, and the other judges, who attend occa-
mons; becauſe the greateſt part of the fupplies fionally to be conſulted in points of law. The
are raiſed by the people, and for this reaſon the benches for the lords fpiritual and temporal are
commons will not allow the lords to alter them; covered with red cloth; and there is a bar acroſs
and on the preſenting theſe bills to his majeſty, the houſe, at the end oppoſite to the throne.
the anſwer is, Le Roy remercie fes loyaux ſujets, Without the bar fits the king's firſt gentleman
50
uſher,
7 Ľ

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON..
594
uſher, called the black röd, from a black wand the receipt of his majeſty's exchequer, where the
he carries in his hand. Under him is a yeoman king's revenue is received and diſburſed.
ulher, who waits at the inſide of the door, a crier This important office is under the direction of
without, and a ferjeant at mace, who always ac the chancellor of the exchequer, who has the
tends the lord chancellor.
comptrollment of the rolls of the lords of the
When the king is preſent with the crown on creaſury, and fits in the,court above the barons of
his head, the lords ſit uncovered and the judges the exchequer. He has the gift of the office of
ftand till his majeſty gives them leave to fit. In comptroller of the pipe, and that of clerk of the
the king's abſence the lords, at their entrance, do Nihils.
reverence to the throne, as is done by all who Another great officer is, the auditor of the re-
enter the preſence chamber. The judges then ceipts of the exchequer. He files the bills of the
may fit, but muſt not be covered till the lord tellers, and draws all orders to be ſigned by the
chancellor or keeper ſignifies to them, that the lords commiſſioners of the treaſury, for ifſuing
lords permit them to be ſo.
forth all money, in virtue of privy ſeals, which
When the king goes in ſtate to the houſe, are recorded by the clerk of the pells, and enter-
either at the opening or breaking up of the fef ed and lodged in the auditor's office. He like.
ſions, the park guns are diſcharged; and his ma wife, by warrant from the lords of the treaſury,
jefty arriving at the houſe of lords, enters a room makes debentures to the ſeveral perſons who have
adjoining to it, called the prince's chamber, where fees, annuities or penſions, by letters patent from
he puts on his robes and crown, and from chence the king, out of the excheques, and directs them
is conducted into the houſe by the lord chamber for payment to the tellers. He daily receives
lain, where all the lords are dreſſed in their ſcarlec the Itate of each teller's account, and weekly
robes, and being feated on the throne, ſends for certifies the whole to the lords commiſſioners,
the commons by che gentleman uſher of the black who imniediately preſent the eſtimate, or balance
rod. On their appearing, his majeſty's ſpeech is to the king. He makes half yearly, at Michael-
read by the lord chancellor to this grand united mas and Lady-day, a book called a declaration,
affembly; after which his majeſty returns in the || containing a methodical abſtract of all the ac-
fame manner as he came, in his ſtate coach drawn
counts and payments made the preceding half
by eight beautiful horſes, attended by his guards, year, and delivers one of them to the lords of
and the guns firing.
the treaſury, and another to the chancellor of
The houſe of lords in conjunction, with the exchequer; and by him are kept the regiſters
the king and commons, have the power not appointed for paying all perſons in courſe, upon
only of making and repealing laws, but of ſeveral branches of the king's revenue. For the
conſtituting the ſupreme judicature of the diſcharge of theſe offices he has a chief clerk, a
kingdom; the lords here afſembled take cogni clerk of the debenture, a clerk of the regiſters
Zance of treaſons and high crimes committed by and iffues, a clerk of the caſh book, and a clerk
the peers and others; try all who are impeached for making out exchequer bills; and in the offi.
by the commons; and acquit or condemn without ces for annuities under the auditor are two chief
taking an oath, only laying their right hand upon clerks, under whom are nine other clerks.
their breaſt, and ſaying, Guilty, or Not guilty upon The other great officers are the four tellers of
my honour. They receive appeals from all other the exchequer, each of whom has his deputy,
courts, and even ſometimes reverſe the decrees of
his firſt clerk and four other clerks. Their office
chancery; and from this higheſt tribunal lies no
is to receive all moneys due to the king, and
appeal. All the lords ſpiritual and temporal have thereupon to throw down a bill through a pipe
the peculiar privilege of appointing proxies to into the tally court, where it is received by the
vote in their ſtead, when from fickneſs or any auditor's clerk, who there attends to write the
other cauſe, they cannot conveniently appear ; words of the bill upon a tally, and then delivers
but ſuch as would make proxies are obliged, at the ſame to be entered by the clerk of the pells,
the beginning of every parliament, to enter them or his under clerk, who attends to enter it in his
in perfon.
book; then the tally is cloven by the two deputy
The lords give their ſuffrages or votes, begin chamberlains, and while the ſenior deputy reads
ning at the puiſne, or loweſt baron, and then pro one part the junior examines the other.
ceeding in a regular ſeries, every one anſwering The clerk of the pells is another
great
apart, content, or not content. If the afirmatives officer. He enters the che tellers bills on a
and negatives are equel, it paſſes in the negative, parchment ſkin, in latin Pellis, and likewife
the ſpeaker not being allowed a voice, unleſs he
all receipts and payments for che king ; this officer
be a peer of the realm.
is in the nature of a comptroller ; he has a de-
Between the houſe of lords and the houſe of
puty and two clerks.
commons is an apartment called the painted To the tally court belong the two chamber-
chamber. This is ſaid to have been Edward the lains of the exchequer, in whoſe cuſtody are
Confeffor's bed-chamber, and the rooms in which many ancient records, leagues and treacies with
the parliaments were anciently opened. Confe foreign princes, the ſtandards of money, weights,
rences are often held here between the two houſes, and meaſures, thoſe ancient books called the
or their committees, there being a gallery of com black book of the exchequer, and dooms-day
munication for the members of the houſe of com book, which laſt contains an account of all the
mons to come up without being crowded.
cities, towns, villages and families in the reign of
At the ſouth end of New Palace-yard is a plain William the Conqueror. This book is kept un-
old building called the Exchequer, or the office of 1| der three locks and keys, and cannot be examined
for

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
595
leſs than 6s. 8d. and for every line tranſcribed is phael, removed from Hampton-court. Theſe
paid four-pence.
cartoons are ſeven pieces of ſacred hiſtory taken
Under theſe officers are four deputy chamber from the New Teſtament, and were deſigned as
lains, in whoſe offices are preſerved all the coun patterns for tapeſtry. They are painted on paper
ter-foils of the above tallies, fo exactly ranked by with great delicacy and beauty, in water colours;
months or years, chat they may be eaſily found the deſcription of which is as follows:
our, in order to be joined with their reſpective
tallies, which being done and proved true, they 1. The miraculous draught of fiſhes, Luke v. In
deliver it atteſted for a lawful cally to the clerk this Chriſt appears in the boat with an air of di-
of the pipe, to be allowed in the great roll. vine gentleneſs; the large fowls placed on the
The other officers of this court, are the uſher ſhore in the fore-ground have a fea-wildneſs in
of the exchequer, his depucy and clerk ; three them, and prevent the heavineſs which that
part
paymaſters of exchequer bills, their deputy; and of the picture would otherwiſe have had, by
a comptroller of exchequer bills; a tally writer breaking the parallel line that would have been
for the auditor, who has two aſſiſtant clerks, and made by the boat, and the bafe of the picture.
a cally cucter,
2. The delivery of the keys, John xxi. As this
There are ſeveral other offices belonging to the is the appearance of our Saviour after the reſur-
exchequer, as the Pipe office in Gray's Inn; Fo. rection, prefent authority, late ſuffering, humility
reign Appoſer's office, and King's Remembran and majeſty, command and love, are finely mixed
cer's office, in the Temple; Clerk of the plcas in his divine aſpect. He is wrapped only in one
office, in Lincoln's Inn, &c.
large piece of white drapery ; his left arm and
In leaving this divifion we proceed from Weſt breaſt are bare, and part of his legs naked. The
minſter-bridge (which has been already deſcribed figures of the eleven apoſtles all expreſs the ſame
in p. 301, &c.) through a fine ſtreet which opens paſſion of admiration, but diſcover it differently
and leads to St. James's Park.* At the weſt end according to their characters. Peter receives his
of this park, fronting the mall and grand canal, maſter's orders on his knees, with an admiracion
ſtands
mixed with a more particular attention ; the
beloved diſciple has, in his countenance wonder
The QUE E N's P A L A C E. loft in love. The laſt perſonage whoſe back
only is ſeen, one would imagine co be Thomas,
This building was originally known by the name whoſe perplexed concern could not be better
of Arlington-houſe; but being purchaſed by the drawn than by this acknowledgement of the diffi.
late duke of Buckingham's father, who rebuilt culty to deſcribe it. The mixture of tints in the
it in 1703, with brick and ſtone, it was called draperies all together produce a wonderful har-
Buckingham-houſe till the year 1762, when bis
mony.
preſent majeſty bought it; and it has obtained 3. The miracle of healing the cripple at the beau-
the name of the Queen's Palace from the parti- || tiful gate of the temple
, Acts iji. All the figures
cular pleaſure her majefty has expreſſed in the re are admirably performed.
tirement of it. It is in every reſpect a fine, build 4. The death of Ananias, Acts v. Here is the
ing, and not only commands a proſpect of St. greateſt dignity in the apoſtles ; they are, how-
James's-park in front, but has a park, lately niuch ever, only a ſubordinate group, becauſe the prin-
enlarged, and a canal belonging to itſelf behind cipal action relates to the criminal; thither the
it, together with a good garden, and a fine ter eye is directed by almoſt all the figures. What
race, from whence, as well as from the apart a horror and reverence is viſible in the whole aſ-
ments, there is a proſpect of the adjacent country. fembly on this mercenary man's falling down
It has a ſpacious court-yard, incloſed with iron dead !
rails, fronting St. James's Park, with offices on 5. Elymas the forcerer ſtruck with blindneſs,
cach ſide, ſeparated from the manfion-houſe by Acts xii. How admirably are terror and aſtoniſh-
(wo wings of bending piazzas, and arched galle ment expreſſed in the people preſent, and how
ries, elevated on pillars of the Tuſcan, Doric, variouſly according to their ſeveral characters!
and Ionic orders. Each front of this houſe has What grace and majeſty is ſeen in the Great Apof-
two ranges of pilaſters of the Corinthian and tle of the Gentiles, denouncing vengeance on
Tuſcan orders.
che ſorcerers! The proconſul has a greatneſs and
To this palace has been lacely added a new li a grace fuperior to his character, equal to what
brary ſupplied with the beſt authors in various might be ſuppoſed in a Cæſar.
languages. Here is alſo a fine collection of prints ; 6. I be ſacrifice to Paul and Barnabas by the peo-
and the whole ſtructure is adorned with a great || ple of Lycaonia, Aêts xiv. The occaſion of this
variety of pictures by the moſt eminent maſters. is finely told ; the man healed of his lameneſs,
Among which are the famous cartoons by Ram to expreſs his ſenſe of the divine power which ap-
* This place was originally a wild wet field, till king
Henry VIII. incloſed it, laid it out into walks, and drained
it by cutting canals, for a pleaſure ground to his new palace
at St. James's. It was afterwards much enlarged and im-
proved by king Charles II, who planted it with lime-trees,
and formed a beautiful viſta, near half a mile in length,
called the mall from its being adopted to a play at bowls fo
called. He alſo formed the water into a canal of 100 feet
broad, and 2800 feet long; and furniſhed the park with a
decoy, and other ponds for water fowl. This park, which
is near a mile and a half in circumference, and ſurrounded
with magnificent ſtructures, is conſtantly open and uſed as
a thoroughfare by all ſorts of people. At the eaſt end is a
ſpacious parade for the exerciſe of the horſe and foot-
guards.
peared

596
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
X911.
menr.
peared in the apoſtles, and to ſhew it to be him, fore it. The front, which is very extenſive, has
not only has a crutch under his feet on the ground, only two ſeries of windows. The building is ter-
buț an old man takes up the lappet of his gar minated by a baluſtrade on the top; and the
ment, and looks upon the limb he remembers apartments are magnificent, well diſpoſed and
to have been crippled, expreſſing great devotion richly furniſhed.
and annazement; which are ſentiments ſeen in But the moſt elegant building, not only in
the other, with a mixture of joy. The group of point of architecture, but in richnels of furniture,
the ox and popa are taken from a bas relievo in is lord Speencer's houſe, ſituate on the weſt ſide
the Villa de Medici.
of St. James's-palace. Nothing can be more
7. St. Paul preaching to the Athenians, Acts pleaſingly elegant than the park front, which is
The divine orator is the chief figure ; and ornamented to an high degree, and yet not with
the picture is conducted with the greateſt judg- || profuſion ; nor is the fiting up and furniture of
The attitude of St. Paul is as fine as poſ. the rooms inferior to the beauties of the outſide.
fible, pointing to the ſtatue of Mercury, alluding The library which is thirty feet by twenty five, is
to their idolatry; for the men of Lyitra would moſt beautifully ornamented. The chimney-
call him by that name. The little drapery thrown piece very light, of poliſhed white marble. On
over the apoſtle's ſhoulder, and hanging down to one ſide of the room hangs a capital piclure of
his waiſt, poiſes the figure, which otherwiſe would the nature of witchcraft; the expreffion, and
ſeem ready to tumble forwards.
finiſhing is very great ; and the extent of the
There were in all twelve of theſe pieces : two painter's imagination ſtriking, in drawing into
are in the poſſeſſion of the French king; the one point ſuch a niultitude of the emblems of
king of Sardinia has two of the others; and one witchcraft, and all deſigned with a fine wildners
belonged to a gentleman in England, who pledg of fancy. It is ſomewhat in the ſtile of Scar-
ed it for a ſum of money. When the perſon who latci.
had taken this valuable depoſit found it was to From hencce you enter the dining roon, forty-
be redeemed, he greatly damaged the drawing, ſix by twenty-four; exceedingly elegant : the
for which the genclamen brought his action in decorations in the fineſt taſte, and the richeſt of
Weſtminſter hall.
their kind; the ceiling and cornice of white and
On the north ſide of St. James's park, near and green, very beautiful. The Nabs of Siena
the center, is an old building called
marble, large and finely veined. The chiainey-
piece, baſſo relievo, of whice marble beautifully
St. J AM E S's P A L A CE. poliſhed. On one ſide of it is a landſcape, the
killing of a dragon, the general brilliancy of
On the ſpot where this edifice ſtands was once which is very fine, and the trees beautifully ex-
an hoſpital dedicated to St. James, originally || preſſed. On the other ſide is another yet more
founded by the citizens of London for only four pleaſing, the trees of which are likewile ſtriking.
teen maids afflicted with the leproſy, who were to The figures are a centaur carrying off a naked
live a chaſte and devout life, but afterwards new woman: her back appears, which is painred with
donations increaſed the extent of the charity, and a moſt delicate ſoftneſs: ſhe has a little light
eight brethren were added co miniſter divine fer drapery, which is very elegantly deſigned, though
vice. This hoſpital, which is mentioned in a perhaps not perfectly natural.
nianuſcript of the Cotton library, fo early as in We next enter the drawing room, which is
the
year 1100, was at length ſuppreſſed by king (wenty-four by twenty-one, clear of a noble bow-
Henry VIII, who allowed the ſiſters penſions dur window, parted from the room only by two pil-
ing the term of their lives, and taking down the lars of the moſt exquiſite wormanfhip; they are
edifice built a palace in its room, which retained carved in leaves, the thick foliage of which bends
the name of the hoſpital, and is ſtill ſtanding, round in a fine arch from one to the other, in a
In this edifice our kings have reſided ever ſince taſte that cannut be too much admired. On each
Whitehall was conſumed by fire in 1697, and his ſide, in a ſeinicircular cove in the wall, an urn of
majeſty uſually reſides here during the winter ſea white marble with baſſo relievos, very beautiful.
fon. It is an irregular building, of a mean ap Nothing can be more elegant than the chimney-
pearance from without, but it contains many piece; a fine border of Siena marble with a ſweet
beautiful and magnificent apartments.
The feſtoon of flowers upon it in white marble poliſh-
chapel of the hoſpital was converted to the uſe ed; the ceiling, cornice, and ornaments of green
of the royal family, as it remains to this day, and white and gold, and in a moſt delicate ftile.
and is a royal peculiar exempted from all epiſcopal Over the chimney, a picture of two uſurers ;
juriſdiction. The ſervice in the chapel is like great expreſſion.
that in cathedrals; and for that end there belongs Returning, we next view the accic ſtory; the
to it a dean, a lord-almoner, a ſub-dean, forty ſtair caſe is in a very juft taſte, wide and lofty;
eighe chaplains, who preach in their turns before the ceiling and ornaments green and white.
the royal family, twelve gentlemen of the chapel, From the landing-place you enter firſt the mu-
two organiſts, ten children, a ferjeant, a yeoman, ſic room twenty.five by twenty-three, chimney-
a groom of the veſtry, and a bell-ringer.
piece extremely light and elegant : on the left a
On the eaſt ſide of this palace is Malborough Imall dreſſing roon, very neat; chimney. piece
houſe, which is a very large brick edifice, orna very beautiful, the cornice of white poliſhed mar-
mented with ſtone, and built in a peculiar taſte. ble, fupported by pillars of Siena. This opens
It has two wings, and a very ſpacious court be into the bed.chamber, twenty-five by twenty.
The

Engraved foro Chamberlains History of London.
OEU
©
will
Hummu
WHIRWAVALE
LA
J
View of ST JAMES's Palace.
Oslo)
1000 |||||
Vion of KENSINGTON Palace).

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London) is
S.GEORGE'S HOSPITAL
Supported by Voluntary
Contributions &c.
BUNUN
BUBBLURUS
Sdn
Low
mo
ささ​さみしい
​nin
Tas
The Hospital of S? George at Hyde Park corners
mistente?
:در بر
دردرر در رد
saps
J White Sculp
The South east View of the MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL new
Oxford Road

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
599
TORGE
The beds and tables very finely carved and inlaid, with the utmoſt elegance. The peacock's fea-
the foriner of crimſon damaſk, with covered tops thers over one of the glaſſes, the turtles on a
and extremely elegant.
wreath of flowers, and the magpies on bunches
Returning to the mulic-room, you enter the of grapes, are very beautiful, and the deception
grand dreſſing-room, twenty-five by twenty-three, of the firſt extraordinary. The bold relief of
which is fitted up with all poſſible taſte; ſcarce ſuch flight ſtrokes does honour to the pencil of
any thing can be more beautiful than the moſaic the artiſt. The looking-glaſs window is a piece
ceiling, the cornices, and all the ornaments. of tafte, and has an happy effect.
The chimney-piece is exquiſitely deſigned, and
At the ſouth-eaſt corner of Hyde-Park is a neat
admirably executed : jt is of white marble, || plain building, called
wrought with the utmoſt taſte, and beautifully
poliſhed. Over the cornice are feſtoons of the St. G E O R G E's HOSPITAL
lighteſt carving, and two eagles, with a very fine
baffo relievo of carving in a glaſs in the center. This hoſpital was firſt opened for the admiſ-
The pictures are diſpoſed with great elegance, fion of patients, on the firſt day of January 1734,
and hung up by ribbons of gilt carving in the and has ever ſince been ſupported by voluntary
higheſt cafte.
ſubſcriptions and donations, and ſo well attended
From this room you enter the ſaloon, forty and managed, that now it is one of the most
five by thirty. The ceiling, which is coved, is flouriſhing hoſpitals in the kingdom.
in moſiac compartments, green and white and Here are admitted the poor, fick and lame,
gold ; gilt medallions are lec into it. The door who are fupplied with advice, medicine, diet,
caſes exceedingly elegant, their cornices fupported | waſhing, lodging, and ſome of the more dif-
by pillars moſt beautifully carved, and gilt with treffed even with cloaths. The phyſicians viſic.
the ſame mixture of green as in the ceiling. The their patients on Mondays and Fridays, and on
chimney-piece large, but very light; relievos of all intermediate days whenever occaſion requires;
white poliſhed marble, wonderfully elegant. Be. but the ſurgeon attends every day; and on every
tween the windows are two flabs very large, of the Friday morning there is a general conſultation of
fineft Siena marble, the frames carved in the moſt all the phyſicians and ſurgeons. No ſecurity for
exquiſite taſte, and richly gilded ; they are be the burial of the patients is required, nor any
yond all compariſon more beautiful and rich money, gift, or reward taken of thein or their
than any we have ſeen. The pier-glaſſes of a friends, on any account whatever. Thoſe who
vaſt fize, ſingle plates, and the frames of admi. die, if their friends are unable to bury them, are
rable workmanſhip. The carving and gilding of interred at the charge of the ſociety. And the
the fofa frames in a ſtile and taſte till now un. money collected in the poor box at the door, is
known. In the center of the room hangs an ex kept as a ſeparate fund for furniſhing thoſe with
ceeding fine glaſs luſtre. On each ſide the chim ſome lietle ſum of money, whoſe diſtance from
ney is an hiſtorical landſcape, one Alexander and their habitations, or other particular neceſſities,
Diogenes; the expreſion good, but the colour. || require it. szob
ing of both ſomething of the Manneriſt.
The apothecaries, who are governors, are ap-
The next room is called the painted one, pointed to attend by rotation as viſitors, to ſee
twenty-four by twenty-two. On one ſide is a bow that the apothecary of the houſe takes due care
window, ornamented with the moſt exquiſitely of the medicines and patients. Two viſitors are
carved and gile pillars you can conceive. The choſen weekly out of the ſubſcribers, to attend
walls and ceiling are painted in compartments by || daily, and take care, by examining the proviſion
Mr. Steuart, in the moſt beautiful taſte; even and patients, that the orders of the ſociety are
the very ſcrolls and feſtoons of the flighteſt fort, punctually obſerved, that the patients are treated
which are run between the ſquare and circular in every reſpect with order and tenderneſs, and
compartments, are executed with the minuteſt
to make a report in writing of their obſervations.
elegance. The ground of the whole is green ; Prayers are read daily to the patients; a fer-
and the general effect more pleaſing than is eaſily mon is preached every Sunday, the communion
conceived. Noching can be lighter or more beau is adminiſtered every month, and the chaplain
tiful than the chimney-piece : the frieze contains attends at other times to catechize and perform
a moſt exquiſite painting repreſenting a clandeſ. other religious offices, as often as their caſes re-
tine marriage, which, without variety or glare of || quire; and when the patients are diſcharged, re-
colours, has all the harmony of their utmoſt ligious tracts are given to each of them, for their
power. Nothing can be finer than the drapery, farther edification.
which is deſigned with the juſteſt caſte, diſplaying A board of governors meet every Wedneſday
the form of every limb through it in a moſt beau morning to do the current buſineſs of the hoſpi-
tiful manner. The ſoft expreſſion of the naked, || tal, to receive and examine the reports of the
and the beauty of the heads, are very great. We viſitors, to diſcharge and admit patients, to re-
ſhould obſerve, that two of the ſmall compart- || ceive the complaints and propoſals of all perfons,
ments of the wall are landſcapes, let into it with and to prepare ſuch matters as are proper for the
no other than the painted frame of the diviſions ; confideration of general boards. A general board
one repreſents a water-fall, and the other a bridge of the governors meet regularly five times a
over a ſtream, both fine. The frames of the ta-
year. do
bles, fofas, ſtands, &c. &c. are all carved and The governors are in number upwards of three
gilt in the ſame taſte as the other ornaments, of hundred. No perſon receiving ſalary, fee, or
the room, all with a profuſion of richneſs, but reward from the hoſpital, is capable of being a
governors
7 M

598
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
governor; but every other gentleman fubfcribing | Piccadilly, on the ſouth ſide of which is ſituate
51. a year, or upwards, or giving one benefaction the pariſh church of
of sol. although he be not an annual ſubſcriber,
is thereupon put in nomination to be a governor,
De St. JAM E S.
and at the firſt general court, which is held one
month after, is accordingly ballotted for by the This is one of the churches that owes its riſe
governors. The ſubſcriptions are received by the to the increaſe of buildings and inhabitants; for
treaſurers, at the weekly board, held every Wed the church of St. Martin in the Fields being too
neſday morning in the hoſpital.
ſmall for the inhabitants, and too remote from
The other rules and regulations of this hofpi thoſe in this quarter, the earl of St. Alban's, with
are as follow:
other perſons of diſtinction in that neighbourhood,
erected this edifice at the expence of about 7000l.
1. No perſon is to be admitted a patient, ex It was built in the reign of king Charles II. and
cept in caſes of accidents, without a note from a though a large fabric, was conſidered as a chapel
governor or contributor, ſpecifying the name of eaſe, to St. Martin's; but being conſecrated in
and place of abode of ſuch patient, and that he 1684, it was dedicated to St. James, in compli-
or ſhe is a proper object of this charity.
ment to the name of the duke of York, and the
2. All recommendations are to be delivered next year, when that prince had aſcended the
every Wedneſday morning by nine o'clock. throne, the diſtrict for which it was built, was by
3. In caſe out-pacients neglect coming two act of parliament ſeparated from St. Martin's,
weeks fucceffively on the day and hour they are and made a diſtinct pariſh. The walls are brick,
ordered to attend, ſuch out-patients ſhall be dif ſupported by ruſtic quoins of ſtone ; and the
charged for irregularity, except they have had windows, which are large, are alſo caſed with
leave from their phyſician.
ſtone. The tower at the eaſt end riſes regularly
4. No perſon diſcharged for irregularity is to from the ground to a conſiderable height, and is
be ever again admitted into the hoſpital, upon crowned with a neat, well conſtructed fpire.
any recommendation whatſoever.
This church is a rectory, in the patronage of
5. No patient is to be ſuffered to go out of the the biſhop of London ; and is ſaid to be worth
hoſpital without leave in writing ; and to avoid 500l. per annum. The veftry is ſelect; and the
giving offence, no leave is to be given to any pa officers are, two churchwardens, four fideſmen,
tient to go into St. James's Park; or the Green eight overſeers, two burgeſſes, two aſſiſtant-bur-
Park, called Conſtitution-hill, upon any pretence | gefſes, ſeven conſtables, fourteen ſcavengers, and
whatſoever.
two ſurveyors of the highways.
6. No governor, officer, or ſervant, muft at The remarbable places and things in this pariſh
any time preſume, on pain of expulſion, to take are,
of any tradeſman, patient, or other perſon, any
fee, reward, or gratification of any kind, direct Burlington-houſe, fo called from its being the
ly or indirectly, for any ſervice done, or to be reſidence of the earls of Burlington. Ic is fenced
done, on account of this hoſpital.
from the ſtreet by a brick wall, about two hun-
7. No perſon ſubſcribing leſs than two guineas dred and twenty feet in length, in which are three
a year, can recommend more than two in-patients
The front of the houſe is of ſtone,
and is remarkable for the beauty of the deſign and
8. When there is not room for all the patients workmanſhip. It has two wings, joined by a
recommended at one time to be received into the circular colonade of the Doric order. The front
hoſpital, thoſe are taken in whoſe admiſfion the was built by the late earl of Burlington. The
board are of opinion, will moſt effectually an apartments are in a fine taſte, and the ſtair-caſe
ſwer the end of the charity; and the reſt, if pro- || painted with great fpirit, by Sab. Ricci. Behind
per objects, are admitted out-patients, till there the houſe is a ſpacious garden.
is room for them in the hoſpital.
Here are ſeveral other magnificent houſes, as
Sunderland-houſe, Devonſhire-houſe, and two
This hoſpital enjoys a fine ſituation, and has new-houſes, one erected by the earl of Bath, and
all the benefit of a clear and pure air. It is a the other by the earl of Egremont.
very neat, though not an expenſive building; St. James's-Square, which is neatly paved with
and though it is extremely plain, yet it is not heading-ſtone all over ; in which there is a moſt
void of ornament. It has two ſmall wings, and curious oval baſon, 150 feet diamater ; in the
a large front, with only one door, which is in center thereof is a pedeſtal about fifteen feet
the middle, and to which there is an aſcent by a ſquare, for a ſtatue of king William III. on horſe-
few ſteps. On the top of this part of the build back; the whole is environed with iron rails
ing is a pediment raiſed above the reſt of the edi- || eight ſquare, and at each angle without the rails
fice, and under this ornament is a ſtone with an is a ſtone pillar about nine feet high, and a lamp
inſcription, expreſſing the noble uſe to which this on the top: the gravel walk within the rails is in
ſtructure is applied.
breadth from each angle to the margin of the
Near this hoſpital is a Lock-hoſpital, erected bafon, about twenty-ſix feet.
for the reception of perſons afflicted with venereal Sobo-Square or King's-Square, (a part of which
diſorders, and ſupported by voluntary ſubſcrip- only is in this pariſh) is of confiderable extent,
tions and donations.
and as an area ſurrounded with high pales, en-
Returning eaſtward we come to a ſtreet called cloſing a garden, in which is a ſtatue of king
Charles
coach gates.
in the year.
.

HISTORY and SURVEY 6.
599
of LONDON.
a
out
Charles II. ſtanding upon a pedeſtal placed in the crowned with a turret that ſupports a ball, over
midſt of a ſmall baſon. At his majeſty's feet lie which riſes the weather-cock.
the repreſentations of the four principal rivers, This pariſh at firſt conſiſted of two
the Thames, Trent, Humber and Severn, pour wards of that of St. Martin's in the Fields ;
ing out their waters. On the ſouth ſide of this but it has now four wards, named Conduit-ſtreet,
ſquare are Frith-ſtreet and Greek-ſtreet, on the Groſvenor-ſtreet, Dover-ſtreet and the out-ward.
eaſt Sutton ſtreet, on the north Charles-ftreet, and It is a rectory, the advowſon of which is ſettled
on the weſt Denmark-ſtreer.
upon the biſhop of London and his fucceffors.
Golden Square, which is very ſmall, but neat, The profits ariſing to the rector are ſaid to amount
is adorned on the inſide with graſs plats and gra to about 6ool. per annum.
Lieutenant general
vel walks, and is ſurrounded with handſome iron Stewart gave the ground on which this church
rails.
was erected, and ſome time after bequeached to
St. James's-market.'
the pariſh the ſum of 4000l. towards erecting and
Marlborough or Carnaby-market.
endowing a charity ſchool therein.
A large chapel in King.ſtreer, built in 1702 at The veftry is ſelect; and the officers are, two
the fole expence of archbiſhop Tenniſon, who churchwardens, two ſideſmen, eight overſeers,
endowed the fame. The morning preacher's fa one burgeſs and his aſſiſtant, four conſtables, one
lary is 70l. per annum, the afternoon preacher has headborough, four ſurveyors of the highways,
50l. per annum, and the two curates who read three ſurveyors of the ſtreets, and fix ſca-
prayers have 2ol. per annum each.
Vengers.
In Berwick-ſtreet there is a chapel; the morn The remarkable places and things in this pariſh
ing preacher has 30l. per annum and the after are, Hanover-ſquare ; Groſvenor-ſquare ; a cha-
noon preacher has 2ol. per annum. .
pel in Conduit-ſtreet called Trinity chapel; a
In the ſame ſtreet is a French chapel.
chapel at Knight's-bridge, and another near Grof-
A Preſbyterian meeting-houſe in Swallow venor-ſquare; part of Hyde-park, Chelſea water-
ſtreet,
works; a workhouſe for the poor, and a market
An Anabaptiſt meeting-houſe in Glaſs-houſe for meat and herbage.
ſtreet.
Hanover-ſquare, contains about two acres of
An opera and a playhouſe in the Hay-market, ground, in the middle of which is a garden en-
in which there is alſo a market for hay and ſtraw cloſed with rails : the houſes are new built in the
three days in a week, viz. Tueſdays, Thurſdays
modern taſte; they make a grand appearance,
and Saturdays.
and are inhabited by noblemen and gentlemen of
There is a charity ſchool in King's-ſtreet for diſtinguiſhed rank.
thirty-ſix boys, who are the children of poor Groſvenor-Square contains about five acres, and
inhabitants, for ſchooling only.
in the middle is a large garden ſurrounded with
Another over the watch-houſe for forty poor paliſade pales placed upon a circular dwarf wall.
boys, who are taught to read, write, &c. at the This garden is laid ouc into walks, and adorned
charge of the offertory,
with an equeſtrian ſtatue of king George I. gile,
On the north part of Burlington-gardens is the which ſtands upon a pedeſtal in the center.
charity-ſcool, a handſome' edifice, where eighty In Duke-ſtreet, Groſvenor-ſquare, in this pa-
girls are boarded, cloathed, taught, and placed riſh, is a lying-in-hoſpital, for unmarried as well
out to ſervice, &c. at the charge of divers ſub as married women. Ic is ſupported by voluntary
fcribers and by collections.
contributions; and any woman recommended by
In the upper burial-ground is a work-houſe a governor or ſubſcriber is received, and provided
capable of containing 300 poor people. When with affiſtance, and all neceſſaries, during the laſt
any of the poor fall ſick, they are removed to the ſtate of pregnancy, and the month of lying-
infirmary, which is in a ſtreet, called the Gravel in.
Pics near Broad-ſtreet.
This hofpital, which firſt began in Jermyn-
To the north from the pariſh we come to Great ſtreet, St. James's, and was from thence removed
George-ſtreet, on the eaſt ſide of which is ſituate into Duke-ſtreet, is governed by a preſident, a
the pariſh church of
vice-preſident, and a treaſurer, annually elected
out of the governors greater benefactors to this
St. GEORGE, Hanover-ſquare. charity; by a general court of governors held in
the months of March, June, September and
This was one of the new churches erected with. December, to take the reports of the committees ;
in the bills of mortality, by act of parliament, in and by a houſe committee who inſpect accounts
the reign of queen Anne, and was taken out of and tranſact ſuch buſineſs as is laid before them.
the pariſh of St. Martin's in the Fields. It has a A phyſicial committee is appointed at the ge-
plain body with an elegant portico; the columns, neral quarterly courts out of the phyſicians, men-
which are Corinthian, are of a large diameter, midwives, ſurgeons, and apothecaries, who are
and the pediment has its acroteria, but without to meet once a month to examine the medicines
further ornament. It has a tower, which, above and drugs brought into the diſpenſatory, and
che clock, is elegantly adorned at the corners with none are ſuffered to be uſed withouc their appro-
coupled Corinthian columns that are very lofty : bation.
theſe are crowned with their entablature, which Two phyſicians and two ſurgeons attend twice
at each corner ſupports two vaſes, and over theſe a week on extraordinary caſes ; a ſurgeon and
the tower ftill riſes till it is terminated by a dome man-midwife every day from eleven o'clock cill
one

600
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
any
quire it.
one; and ſuch objects as come within thefe hours Patients are admitted on a letter of recom-
have advice in phyſic and ſurgery, without fee or mendation from a governor or contributor, who
reward, whether accidental or recommended. may recommend in-patients, and have out-pa-
Every governor or ſubſcriber is entitled to ſend tients on the books, according to the regulation
one in-pacient at a time, and out-patients without before-mentioned ; and when in-patients are re-
limitation. All ſubſcriptions are during pleaſure. || commended, and there is not room in the houſe
Thoſe who contribute two guineas a year are go to receive them, they are put on the liſt to be
vernors while they continue their ſubſcription, admitced on the firſt vacancy, and in the mean
and thoſe who give 2ol. at one payment are go-
time are preſcribed for as out-pacients.
vernors during life, and have a vote and intereſt No ſecurity is required for burials,
at the committees.
All accidents are admitted without recommen-
No officers or fervants are permitted, on pain
dation.
of expulſion, to take any fee, reward, or gra Tueſday being the day appointed for the ad-
ruity whatſoever, of patients or other perſons, miſſion of patients, they muſt be at the hoſpi-
for ſervice done, or to be done in this hoſpi. tal, with their recommendations, at ten of the
tal.
clock.
The poor women recommended by the gover The phyſicians and ſurgeons meet every Satur-
nors and ſubſcribers are received on Wedneſdays || day at twelve o'clock, at the hoſpital, where they
and Fridays, from eleven o'clock till one.
give advice to to all ſuch dileafed poor who
Near Oxford-road, in this pariſh, is a plain, ſhall come, though not recommended and re-
but commodious brick building, called
Married women are only admitted (in the laſt
The MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL. month of their pregnancy) after they have been
examined by the weekly board, and on their pro-
The charitable deſigns of this hoſpital were
ducing an affidavit made before a juſtice of peace,
carried on for ſeveral years in iwo convenient of the time and place of their marriage, and of
houſes adjoining to each other, in Windmill the fertlement of the huſband, with the manner
ſtreer, Tottenham court road, where the firſt in. the ſaid fetilement was obtained, whether by
ſtitution in Auguſt 1745, was intended only for birth, ſervitude, or otherwiſe.
the relief of the indigent ſick and lame; but in
The ſervants of the houſe are forbid to take
July 1747, the governors, willing to render it any gratuity of the patients or their friends, on
more worthy the notice of the public, extended any pretence whatſoever, on pain of expullion.
their plan to the relief of the pregnant wives of Proceeding eaſtward from Hanover-ſquare, we
the induſtrious poor'; when the great increafe of come to Dean-ſtreet, Soho, on the weſt ſide of
patients foon obliged the governors to think of which, in the libertz of Weſtminſter, is ſituace
enlarging their edifice, as well as their plan; and the pariſh church of
the kind benevolence of the public by donations,
legacies, &c. enabled them in 1755, to erect the
St. ANN.
preſent more extenſive building. The apart-
ments for the reception of the lying-in women are
This church owes its foundation to the great
in a ſeparate part of the building, remote from increaſe of public buildings. The inhabitants of
che ſick and lame; and that ladies may viſit the the pariſh of St. Martin's in the Fields became too
lying-in patients without being inconmoded by numerous to be contained in the church, and
the ſick and lame, different ſtair-caſes lead to therefore applying to parliament, this was erected
each, the lying-in wards having no communica in the year 1686, on a ſpot of ground then called
tion with the other.
Kemp's Field, and the pariſh to which it belongs
The qualification of a governor of this charity was ſeparated from St. Martin's in 1687.
is an annual ſubſcription of three guineas ; which The walls of this church are of brick with
alſo entitles the ſubſcriber to recommend, and ruftic quoins. The tower which is ſquare, is
have in the houſe at one time, either one fick or ſtrengthened with a kind of buttreffess, and at
lame patient, or one lying-in woman, and to re the fpringing of the dome, which ſupports the
commend out-patients. A ſubſcription of five lanthorn, there are urns on the corners with flames.
guineas per annum entitles the ſubſcriber to re The lanthorn, which is formed of arches, is ſur-
commend one fick or lame in patient, out-pa rounded with a baluſtrade at the bottom, and
tients, and one lying-in woman. A ſubſcription of over it is a turret crowned with a globe and
thirty guineas at one payment conſtitutes the ſub fane.
fcriber a governor for life, with the laſt mention The advowſon of this church is ſettled upon
ed privileges.
the biſhop of London, and the rector, inftead of
A committee of the governors meet at the hof tythes, receives from the pariſhioners 100l. per an-
pital every Tueſday, at ten of the clock, to re num which, together with the glebe, ſurplus fees,
ceive and diſcharge patients, and to tranfact the and eaſter-book, amount to about zool. per an-
other neceſſary buſineſs of the houſe. The pa-
tients are attended by three eminent phyſicians, a The veftry is ſelect; and the officers are two
man-midwife, three ſurgeons, and a divine. The burgeſſes, two aſſiſtanc burgeſſes, two church-
phyſicians viſit the patients every Tueſday, wardens, four collectors for the porr, ſix confta-
Thurſday and Saturday, and on intermediate days, bles, four beadles, four ſcavengers, and two ſur-
when particular cafes require it. The ſurgeons veyors of the highways.
attend every day.
The moſt remarkable place in this pariſh is
Leiceſter
num.

Engraved for Chamberlains History of London
JUISTE
0000000000000000
View of LINCOLN'S INN
ની
A
// امر ہے کہ
VIEW of GRAY'S INN.

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London,
010
---
SetGilers in the Fields.
S:t Georges Hanover Square. .
HALLA
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HEALTHHHLHALAL
SiSamere Washinister
S'Anne's Westminster.
ON
S" Georges Queen Square.
Temple Bar 5

HISTORY and SURVÉT of LONDON. .
601
Leiceſter-ſquare, which contains an area of be coln’s-in gardens. The north ſide is called News
[ween two and three acres. On che north fide is man's row, the weſt fide, Arch-row, the ſouth
Saville-houſe, the winter reſidence of his preſent ſide Portugal-row, and the eaft fide Lincoln's-inn
majeſty while prince of Wales; and adjoining to wall. Between theſe bounds and the paliſades is
that is Leiceſter-houſe, formerly the reſidence of a ſpacious avenue for carriages, and a path for
the princeſs dowager of Wales. This ſquare is foot paſſengers, paved with broad flat ſtones,
encloſed with iron rails, and in the center is a gilt and ſecured by poſts at proper diſtances.
equeſtrian ftatue of his late majeſty king George Nearly adjoining to this ſquare is
II. on a high pedeſtal.
Proceeding eaſtward from St. Anne's Soho, and
L IN COL N's - I N N.
from the liberties of Weſtminſter, we leave Ox-
ford-road and all the new buildings on the north This is one of the four inns of court, and is
fide of that ſpacious-ftreet, and come to the pariſh ſituate on the ſpot where formerly ſtood the houſes
church of
of che biſhop of Chicheſter and of the black
friars, the latter erected about the year 1222, and
St. GIL ES in the Fields.
the former about 1226; but both of them com-
ing to Henry Lacey, earl of Lincoln, he builc in
This church is ſo called to diſtinguiſh it from their ſtead a ſtately manſion for his city reſidence.
St. Giles's, Cripplegate. The place in which it However, it afterwards reverted to the biſhopric
ſtands was formerly a village of the ſame name as of Chicheſter, and was demiſed by Robert Sher-
the church, which was ſtanding fo early as the bourn, biſhop of chat fee, to Mr. William Sy-
year 1222, though it was not made parochial till liard, a ſtudent there, for a term of years, at the
the year 1547. The little edifice for divine wor expiration of which doctor Richard Sampſon, his
ſhip being taken down in the year 1623, a church ſucceſſor, in the year 1536, paſſed the inheritance
of brick was erected in its ſtead ; but the ground thereof to the ſaid Syliard and Euſtace his bro-
in its neighbourhood being gradually raiſed to the ther; and the latter, in conſideration of the ſum
height of eight feet above the floor, it became of 500l. conveyed the houſe and gardens in fee
very damp and unwholeſome. On this the inha to Richard Kingſmill and the reſt of the
bitants, by conſent of parliament, had it rebuilt, benchers.
the ſum of 80ool. being granted for that purpoſe. The charge of admiſſion into this houſe, in-
The old fabrick was taken down in 1730, and cluding fees, amounts to five pounds, and every
the preſent one erected three years after.
ſtudent, after ſtudying there ſeven years, is ad-
The church and ſteeple are built with Portland mitted to the bar. The members are obliged to
ſtone. The area of the church within the walls be a fortnight in commons every term, on the
is fixty feet wide, and ſeventy-five feet in length, | penalty of forfeiting 18s. in caſe of abſence.
excluſive of the receſs for the altar. The roof is This inn principally conſiſts of three rows of
ſupported with Ionic pillars of Portland ſtone, good buildings occupied by gentlemen of the
on ſtone piers, and is vaulted underneath. ſociety. Theſe form three ſides of the ſquare,
The outſide of the church has a ruſtic baſement, and here the buildings are all new and uniform,
and the windows of the galleries have ſemicircular the north ſide lying open to the gardens, which
heads, over which is a medillion cornice. The are greatly improved with gravel walks, grafs
ſteeple is one hundred and ſixty feet high, and plots, rows of trees, and a very long terrace
conſiſts of a ruſtic pedeſtal, ſupporting a Doric walk. Theſe gardens, which are extremely plea-
order of pilaſters, and over the clock is an oc fant and commodious, are laid open for public
tangular tower with three quarter Ionic columns uſe. The greateſt part of the weſt ſide of the
ſupporting a baluſtrade with vaſes, on which || ſquare is taken up with the offices belonging to
ſtands the ſpire, which is alſo octangular and the ſtamp duty. In the middle of the ſquare is
belted.
a neat fluted Corinthian column in a ſmall baſon
The whole expence of erecting this "church ſurrounded with iron rails. This column fup-
amounted to 10,0261. 155. gd.. Ii is a rectory in ports a handſome fun-dial, which has four ſides,
the gift of the crown, and the living is computed and on the corners of the pedeſtal are four naked
at 400l. per annum.
boys ſpouting water out of Triton ſhells.
The veſtry is ſelect; conſiſting of the rector, Behind the north eaſt ſide of the ſquare is a
two churchwardens and thirty-ſix inhabitants : good hall and chapel; the latter of which was
and the officers are, two churchwardens, ten built by Inigo Jones about the year 1622, on pil-
overſeers, two fideſmen, five conſtables, ten head. lars, with an ambulatory or walk underneath,
boroughs, ten ſurveyors of the highways, and paved with broad ſtones. The outſide of the
ten ſcavengers.
chapel is a good piece of Gothic architecture,
In this pariſh is one of the largeſt and moſt beau and the windows are painted with the figures ac
tiful ſquares in London, if not in Europe, called full length of the principal perſonages mentioned
Lincoln's-inn-fields. It was originally laid out by in the ſcriptures. On the twelve windows on the
the celebrated Inigo Jones. The area contains north Gide are, Abraham, Moſes, Eli, David,
about ten acres, in the middle of which is a baſon and the prophecs Daniel, Ifaiah, Jeremiah, Eze-
of water, ſurrounded with graſs and gravel walks, kiel, Amos, and Zachariah, with John the
encompaſſed with an iron paliſade, fixed upon a Baptiſt, and St. Paul, and on the ſouth ſide are
ftone plinth. This ſquare is bounded on the the reſt of che apoſtles. Under theſe figures are
north, weſt, and ſouth, with ſpacious and elegant the arms of a great number of gentlemen belong-
buildings, and to the eaſt with the wall of Lin- || ing to this ſociety.
In
50
7N

602
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
In the old buildings fronting the garden be One of the wings is a magnificent gallery, in
yond the ſquare, is the library, which conſiſts of which are copies of the cartoons at Hampton-
a good collection of books in ſeveral languages court, as large'as the originals, by Sir James
and faculties.
Thornbill. Behind the houſe are extenſive gare
Beſides theſe remarkables in the pariſh of St. dens, which command a view of the country, and
Giles, there is a popiſh chapel in Duke-ſtreet, particularly of Highgate and Hampſtead.
and ſeveral meeting-houſes; two charity ſchools, From the north-eaſt corner of Bloomſbury,
an alms-houſe, and a work-houſe for the recep ſquare there opens a way to Queen’s-ſquare, thro?
tion of the poor.
Southampton-row; at the fouth-weſt angle of
In Brownlow-ftreet, Long-Acre, there is a ly which ſtands the parish church of
ing-in hoſpital, ſupported by charitable contribu-
tions, for the relief of pregnant poor women,
where ſuch married women as are objects of cha-
St. GEORGE, Queen Square, onda
rity, are amply provided with commodious apart-
ments and beds, good nurſing, plain ſuitable This church likewiſe took its riſe from the
diet, proper medicines, and the advice and af great increaſe of buildings. Several gentlemen
ſiſtance of gentlemen of ſkill and experience in at the extremity of the pariſh of St. Andrew
midwifry, as well as the attendance of midwives, Holbourn having propoſed the ereating of a cha-
in the laſt ſtage of their pregnancy, and during pel for religious worſhip, Sir Streyntham Mafter,
the month of lying in. This hoſpital is nearly and fourteen of the other neighbouring gentle-
under the fante direction and government, as men, were appointed truſtees for the management
thoſe of a like nature, which have been already of this affair. Theſe gentlemen in the year
mentioned.
1705, agreed with Mr. Tooley to give him
Proceeding more eaſtward we come to the pa 35001, for erecting a chapel and two houſes, in-
riſh and church of
tending to reimburſe themſelves by the ſale of
Fews; and this edifice being finiſhed the next
St. GEORGE, Bloomſbury.
year, they ſettled annual ftipends for the main-
tenance of a chaplain, an afternoon preacher who
This is one of the fifty new churches appoint was alſo reader, and a clerk, giving to the first
ed to be built by act of parliament within the and ſecond a ſalary of 100l. each, and to the laſt
bills of mortality. The name of St. George was 50l. But the commiſſioners for erecting fifty
given to it in honour of his late majeſty ; and it new churches, reſolving to make this one of
received the addicional epithet of Bloomſbury, them, purchaſed it, cauſed a certain diſtrict to
from its ſituation, to diſtinguiſh it from others be appointed for its pariſh, and had it conſecrated
of the ſame name.
It is likewiſe farther diftin in the year 1723, when it was dedicated to Sr.
guiſhed by ſtanding ſouth and north, and by the George, in compliment to Sir Streynſham Maſ,
ftatue of king George I. at the top of its ſpire. ter, who had been governor of Fore St. George
This church was erected at the public expence,
in the Eaſt Indies.
and conſecrated in January 1731. A diſtrict This church is a plain common building, void
for its pariſh was by authority of parliament taken of all elegance; it is however convenient and
out of thas of St. Giles's, and the ſum of 3000l. well enlightened. The rectory, like that of St.
was given towards the ſupport of its rector, to Andrew's, is in the gift of the Montague family,
which being added 1250l. by the inhabitants of but the value of the living is uncertain.
St. Giles's pariſh, both ſums were ordered to be The veſtry is ſelect, conſiſting of thirty gen-
laid out in the purchaſe of lands, tenements, &c. tlemen ; and the officers are, two churchwardens,
in fee ſimple, as a perpetual fund for the mainte two fideſmen, two conſtables, and two headbo-
nance of the rector and his fucceflors; but the roughs.
poor of this pariſh and that of Sr. Giles's in the In this pariſh are two very fine ſquares, each
Fields, are to be maintained by the joint aſſeff conſiſting of about four acres. One is called
ment of both pariſhes, in the ſame manner as Queen Square, and is encloſed with very good
before their being divided.
houſes on all ſides, except the north, where it
This church is a rectory in the gift of the lies open to the fields, which renders it very
crown, and is valued at 400l. per annum. The || airy and pleaſant. The other is Red-lion-Square,
veftry is felect, and the officers are, two church which is railed in, and adorned with an obeliſk
wardens, four overſeers, two ſideſmen, two con in the center.
ftables, two headboroughs, and two ſcavengers. In Great Ormond-ftreet, in this pariſh, is
The remarkable places in this pariſh are, Powis-houſe, thus called from its having been
The Britiſh Muſeum ; a particular deſcription the town reſidence of the duke of Powis. It is
of which, with the curioſicies therein contained, reckoned one of the moſt beautiful buildings in
the reader will find in p. 341, &c.
and about London. In this ſtreet is alſo the
Bloomſbury Square. This fquare is embelliſhed houſe of Charles Jennens, eſq; in which is one of
with many good houſes, and the graſs plots in the moſt capital collection of paintings in Eng.
them iddle ſurrounded with neat iron rails. The land.
north ſide is entirely taken
up
with Bedford In this pariſh likewiſe ſtands that commodious
houſe, which is elegant, and was the deſign of ſtructure called the Foundling Hoſpital; the ori-
Inigo Jones. Beſides the body of the houſe, are gin and deſcription of which has been already
two wings, and on each ſide the proper offices. given in p. 306, &c. si toto be
talec wat jollow dito dissid; bas egnil The

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON. 603
The next place of attention is bad som
bod's ſucceſſors it continued till it was ſuppreſſed by
20
Henry VIII. in the year 1539. Soon after which
GRA Y S I N N.
che ſite thereof became che inheritance of Sir
William Cavendiſh, who being afterwards created
This inn is ſituate on the north ſide of Hol duke of Newcaſtle, erected thereon the preſent
bourn, near the bars, and is ſo called from its be ſpacious and ſtately ſquare brick edifice on the
ing formerly the reſidence of the ancient and north ſide of the church, and eaſt ſide of the
noble family of Gray of Wilton, who in the cloſe.
reign of Edward III. demiſed it to ſeveral ftu The church of this pariſh, which was that of
dents of the law. It is one of the four inns of the late priory, for divers ages, not only ſerved
court, and is inhabited by barriſters and ſtudents as a place for the nuns to celebrate the divine
of the law, and alſo by ſuch gentlemen of indea offices in, but it likewiſe accommodated the
pendent fortune, as chuſe this place for the fake neighbouring inhabitants in the performance of
of an agreeable retirement, or the pleaſure of their religious duties ; and by its being made
the walks.
parochial (ſoon after the diſſolution of its monafe
The members of the houſe are to be in com tery) whereby 'tis manifeft, that Clerkenwell at
mons a fortnight every term, for which they pay
that time muſt have been a conſiderable vil-
fixteen ſhillings. The officers and ſervants are, lage ; and tho' at preſent it be, by the contigu-
a treaſurer, a ſteward, a chief and three under ous buildings, added to this great city, ’tis never-
butlers, an upper and under cook, a panniertheleſs in the county of Middleſex, hundred of
man, a gardener, the ſteward, the chief butler's Oſulſton, and manor of Finſbury ; and owes its
men, and two porters.
origin io the late monaſtery, as much as that
This inn confifts chiefly of two very handſome did its name to the Clerks Well in that neighbour-
quadrangles, one of which is called Coney-court,
hood.
and was built in 1687; and one ſide of it con The ſteeple of this church being greatly de-
tains a hall, a chapel and a library. The hall is cayed in courſe of time, a part thereof fell down
a fine old ſtructure, well built of timber, in the in the year 1623, which occaſioned the pariſh to
form of a college hall. The chapel is a Gothic contract with the builder, to re-edify the whole.
building, lately beautified and repaired. The This builder raiſed the new work upon the old
library is well furniſhed with books in various fa foundation; and having carried on the ſame
culties and languages, for the uſe of the ſtudents, with the utmoſt expedition, the bells were foon
But the chief ornament belonging to this inn is a after hung therein; but before the ſame was en-
ſpacious garden, conſiſting of gravel walks, be tirely finiſhed, it fell down and deſtroyed part of
tween lofty trees, of graſs-plots, agreeable ſlopes, the church, which were both foon after rebuilc,
and a long terrace, with a portico at each end. as they at preſent appear.
The terrace is aſcended by a handſome flight of Adjoining to the north fide of the church, is
ſteps.
the beautiful ambulatory, or ſouth fide row of
Proceeding down Gray’s-inn-lane, , and turning
che cloiſter of the ancient priory, conſiſting of
to the north-eaſt, we come to the pariſh and fix arches; and although the eaſtern part of the
church of
ſaid cloiſter be deſtroyed, yet the nuns hall,
which was ſituate at the north end thereof, is
St. J AMES, Clerkenwell. 5 ſtill remaining, though at preſent it is converted
into a cabinet-maker's workſhop. And the gara
This church, which is ſituate on the north fide den on the eaſt ſide was formerly the cemetery
of Clerkenwell-green, is part of the ancient || belonging to the nunnery:
priory church, denominated from its dedication
At the lower end of Clerkenwell green, in
to St. James Minor, biſhop of Jéruſalem, and || Rag-ſtreet, oppoſite Mutton-lane, is the cele-
the monaſtery to which it belonged. Ic is a very brated fountain, denominated Clerks, or Clerk-
heavy ſtructure, partly Gothic, which was the || enwell, ſo called from the pariſh clerks of the
original form, and partly Tuſcan. The body, city of London, who antiently uſed to meet there
though it has not the leaſt appearance of elegance, || annually, to repreſent certain parts of ſcripture in
is well enlightened, and the fteeple conſiſts of a a theatrical manner; to which the Lord-mayor
low heavy tower crowned with a curret. It is a and citizens of London not only repaired, but
curacy in the gift of the pariſh, and the ftipend || likewiſe the nobilicy, to ſee their performances :
is no more than 41. 199. rod. ai llad || from which well, the lace priory, as well as the
The veſtry is general ; and the officers are, two prefent church and pariſh, are denominated.
churchwardens, four ſideſmen, four overſeers, A little ſouth eaſt of Clerkenwell priory, where
five conſtables, nine headboroughs, two ſurveyors at prefent St. John's-ſquare, &c. are facuate, ſtood
of the highways, and four ſcavengers,
the houſe, or hoſpital of St. John of Jeruſalem,
In this place was anciently a priory, which which was founded by the aforeſaid Jordan Briſet,
was founded by Jordan Briſet, a wealthy baron, who, for that end, purchaſed of the prioreſs and
who, about the year 1100, gavę co Robert, his of Clerkenwell, ten acres of land (for
chaplain, fourteen acres of land in a field adjoin which he gave them twenty acres in his lordſhip
ing to Clerks, or Clerkenwell, whereon to build of Willinghale in Kent) whereon he erected
a monaſtery, which was no ſooner erected and che ſaid hoſpital about the year 1110. But the
dedicated to the honour of God, and the aſſump- || church thereof was not dedicated to St. John the
tion of the Virgin Mary, than he placed therein || Bapcift till the year 1185.
a certain number of nuns, in whom and their This magnificent fabrick was the chief feat
in
nuns

604
HISTORY and SURV E r of LONDON..
in England belonging to the Knights Hoſpitalers, are three beds for men, and two for women pa-
who, from the greateſt poverty, by the profuſe || cicors, in reſerve, for the recommendations of
liberality of fimple Bigots and Enthuſiaſts, foon
governors.
attained to that degree of riches and honour, that A committee of accounts, conſiſting of ſeven
their prior was reckoned the firſt baron of the governors, is annually held between Lady-day
kingdom, and who for ſtate and grandeur vied and Michaelmas, who meet at leaſt once a quarter
with the king. Such was the antipathy of the to examine and audit all tradeſmens bills, which
populace to theſe imperious knights, that the re are afterwards ordered by the houſe committee
bels of Kent and Effex under the conduct of
for payment. The accounts are regularly kept,
Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, anno 1381, con and open at all times for the inſpection of the
ſumed this ſtately edifice by fire; but the ſame governors. Two governors are appointed viſi-
being rebuilt in a much more magnificent manner, tors, by the houſe committee, for ſix months,
it was ſuppreſſed by Henry VÌII, in the year who frequently attend the hoſpital for inocula-
1541. Soon after this it was converted into a re tion, and alſo that for the natural way, alternately.
poſitory of martial ſtores, and the royal hunting | Every perſon deſtitute of friends, or money, and
equipage; to which uſes it was employed till the labouring under this melancholy diſeaſe, or deſir-
year 1550, when Edward Seymour, duke of So. ous of being inoculated, is a proper object of this
merſet, and protector of the kingdom, cauſed the charity. Patients in the natural way are received
church thereof, cogether with its lofty and beau. every day: thoſe for inoculation about eight times
tiful ſteeple, to be demolished, and the ſtones in the year, of which timely notice is generally
thereof employed in building his ſtately and || given in ſome of the public papers.
magnificent palace of Somerfet-houſe. The There is no charge attending the admiſſion of
ſite of this building and appurtenances is now patients for inoculation, but patients in the natu-
St. John's-ſquare, at the eaſt end of which is a ral way a depoſit of one pound and fix-pence, to
chapel dedicated to St. John, and endowed of anſwer the expences of burial in caſe of death, or
late years by one Mr. Michell. There ſtill remain to be returned to the perſon, who paid the fame,
two gates into this court or ſquare, which bear when diſcharged the hoſpital. Proper dreſſes are
the marks of great antiquity ; but that on the provided for the patients, and worn by them in
ſouth is the largeſt, and is called St. John's- | the hoſpital, while their own cloaths are fumigat-
gate.
ed with brimſtone, which is always done before
In Cold Bath Fields, in this pariſh, is a very their diſcharge.
plain, but neat ſtructure, called
The ſums received for the ſupport of this hof-
pital, from its firſt inftitution, amount to twenty-
The SMALL POX HOSPITAL. four thouſand nine hundred and twenty-fix
pounds. There have been received into the houſe,
The centre of this building, which projects a during that time, ſeven thouſand nine hundred
little from the reft, is terminated on the top by an and forty-ſix patients, who had the ſmall pox the
angular pediment, on the apex of which is placed natural way. Four thouſand fix hundred and
a vaſe upon a ſmall pediment.
ninety-eight patients have been inoculated, of
This excellent charity was inſtituted in the year whom fix only are ſaid to have died.
1746, ſupported by a ſubſcription then made by In Clerkenwell-green ſtands the New priſon,
ſeveral noblemen, gentlemen and ladies, who erected in the year 1615, for criminals in the
were deſirous thac a charity uſeful in itſelf, and county of Middleſex. And in the cloſe is a
ſo beneficial to the public, might be begun near Bridewell for the confinement and correction of
this great metropolis, there not being any hoſpi- || idle and diſorderly perſons.
tal of the kind in Europe.
At the ſouth end of St. John's-ſtreet is a build-
This hoſpital conſiſts of two houſes, at a proper || ing called Hicks’s-hall, being the feflion-houfe
diſtance from each other in airy ſituations. That for the juftices of the peace for the county of
for preparing the patients for inoculation is a Middleſex This building took its name from
handſome new building near the new road Ining Sir Baptiſt Hicks, a mercer in Cheapſide, and a
ton; and that for receiving them when the dif- || juſtice of the peace, who erected it in 1612.
eaſe
appears, and for the reception of patients in Here the grand jury meet eight times a year to
the natural way, is in Cold Bath Fields.
find bills of indictment againſt the criminals who
To this hoſpital belong two preſidents, four are to be tried at the ſeſſions-houſe in the Old
vice-preſidents, and a treaſurer, who are annually || Bailey. The hall is a plain brick building, with
elected out of the governors. There are a fe a portico at the entrance.
cretary, two apothecaries, a meſſenger, matrons, Beſides theſe remarkables, there are in this
proper nurſes, &c. No fee, reward, or gratuity, || pariſh an alms-houſe, three charity-ſchools, a
is to be taken from any patients, or other per market for ſheep ſkins, two work-houſes, and
ſons, on account of the hoſpital, on pain of ex the New River water-works.
pulſion.
In the fame pariſh is likewiſe an hoſpital called
Thirty guineas conſtitutes a governor for the Charter-houſe, which is a corruption of the
life ; each of whom has a vote at all general word Chartreux, a name formerly uſed for a con-
courts and committees, and is entitled to have one vent or priory of the Carthuſians.
patient in each houſe at a time.
The buildings of this hoſpital, which are ex-
Every perſon who ſubſcribes five guineas per tremely rude and irregular, have nothing but
annum is entitled to have one patient in the hof their convenience and ſituation to recommend
pical for the natural way at a tinie, provided their them. The rooms are well diſpoſed, and the
ſquare

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London).
View of S!Luke's Hospital in Upper Moorefields
.
DICITU
IL TIL TUTTI
M
www
こんな​い
​M
ther
von
uuuu
!
View of BETHLEM Hospitala

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
605
ſquare in the front is very neat, and kept in as In this pariſh is Tindal's, or the diffenting bu-
good order as moſt in London. This ſquare, and rial ground, and the artillery ground adjoining,
the large gardens behind, give a free air, and both lying weſt-ward between the Doghouſe-bare
at one and the ſame cime contribute both to health road and Bunhill-row. And on the eaſt ſide, at
and pleaſure.-For the origin and preſent ſtate the north end of Upper Moorfields, ſtands the
of the Charter-houſe, the reader is referred to late foundation of
p. 217
In leaving this place, and the pariſh of St. St. L U K E's HOSPITAL.
James Clerkenwell, we croſs Pickax-ſtreet, which
brings us into Old-ſtreer road, on the north ſide This hoſpital which is appropriated for the re-
of which, near the centre, is ficuate the pariſh || ception of lunatics, is ſupported by private ſub-
church of
ſcriptions, and is deſigned as an improvement up-
on Bethlem, which, at the time of its eſtabliſh-
St. L U K E.
ment, was incapable of receiving and providing
for the relief of all the unhappy objects for whom
This church owes its riſe to the great increaſe application was made.
of buildings in the pariſh of St. Giles, Cripple Patients are received into this hoſpital accord-
gate; for notwithſtanding there being a chapel of ing to the order of time in which the petitions of
eaſe, and ſeveral meeting-houſes, the pariſh their friends have been delivered to the fecretary,
church could not contain half the inhabitants who without favour or partiality. They are even ad-
were deſirous of affembling there to attend divine mitted without any expence, except only ſuch as
worſhip. The commiſſioners for erecting the fifty are pariſh poor muſt have their bedding provided,
new churches taking this into conſideration, pur which they are ac liberty to take away when diſ-
chaſed a piece of ground in this pariſh, and erect charged.
ed one of thoſe churches upon it; after which On the admiſſion of any patient, two reſpon-
the inhabitants applying to parliament had che Gble houfe keepers, reſiding within the bills of
Middleſex liberty of St. Giles appointed for the mortality, muſt enter into a bond to the treaſurer
pariſh; and by the fanie act 3500l. was granted for the time being, in the penalty of rool. to
to be laid out in fee fimple, for the ſupport of take away ſuch patient within ſeven days after
a rector, beſides the profits of which the church notice given them for that purpoſe by the com-
wardens were to pay himn annually 1201. to be mittee, or their ſecretary. Theſe ſecurities muſt
raiſed by burial fees.
leave their names with their places of abode in
The church was finiſhed in 1732, and was writing, delivered to the ſecretary at leaſt four
conſecrated the next year on St. Luke's day, when days before ſuch admiſſion, and muſt be approved
the name of that ſaint was given as its patron. of by the committee; but no governor can be ſe-
Though the building is convenient and well en curity for any patient.
lightened with two rows of windows, it is a very No perſon is to be admitted into this hoſpital
ſingular ſtructure. In the center of the weſt front who has been a lunatic above twelve calendar
is the entrance, adorned with coupled Doric pi months; or has been diſcharged as an incurable
laſters; and to this door is an aſcent by a ſmall from any other hoſpital for the reception of luna-
ſtraight flight of ſteps. Over the entrance is a tics; or who has the veneral diſeaſe ; is troubled
round window, and on each ſide a ſmall tower with epileptic or convulſive fits, or is deemed an
covered with a dome, and ornamented with two ideot; nor any woman with child:
windows in front, one of the uſual form, and The patients are not expoſed to public view;
another over it, anſwering to that over the door. nor is any money received for the uſe of this cha-
The tower is carried up ſquare, and behind it || rity expended in entertaining the general court of
the roof of the church forms to the weſt a kind commictee at any of their meetings.
of pediment, broken by the riſe of the cower to The general committee receive immediately
which it joins on each ſide. The uppermoft ſtage into the hoſpital any patient who ſhall have been
of the tower diminiſhes very conſiderably, and diſcharged cured, in caſe ſuch patient relapſes
this, which is the baſe of an obeliſk, ſupports on within cwo months. They likewiſe cake in by ro-
each ſide a dial. From hence riſes, as a ſteeple, tation ſuch patients as are diſcharged uncured ;
a Auted obeliſk, which reaches to a great height, but the number of theſe in the houſe muſt not
diminiſhing Nowly, and being of a conſiderable
exceed twenty.
thickneſs towards the top; the upper edges are For tranſacting the buſineſs of this hoſpital, a
chopped off, and the whole is terminated by a ball general court is held twice every year, viz. on
and fane.
the ſecond Wedneſday in the months of February
The advowſon of this church is in the dean and Auguſt, and every general court conſiſts of
and chapter of St. Paul's, and it is not to be held
nine goverhors.
in commendam; all licences and diſpenſations for Every perſon paying twenty guineas or up-
that purpoſe being declared void by the before wards, or paying five guineas, and ſigning an
mentioned act.
agreement to pay the like fum for the four next
The veftry is neither ſelect nor general, all be fucceeding years, is admitted a governor, except
ing admitted that have either ſerved or fined for all perſons acting as phyſician, ſurgeon, apothe-
offices; the pariſh officers are, iwo churchwar cary, or fecrecary to this hoſpital.
dens, four overſeers of the poor, four conftables, At the general court held annually on the ſe-
fixteen headboroughs, thirteen ſcavengers, and cond Wedneſday in the month of February, one
four beadles.
preſident, four vice-preſidents, a treaſurer, a
51
general
70

606
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
general committee, phyſician, ſurgeon, apothe A book, intituled, The Viſitor's Book, is kept
cary, and fecretary, are elected for the year enſu in the hoſpital, for the governors to enter com-
ing. And no perſon acting as phyſician, ſurgeon, plaints of any neglect or miſconduct in the offi.
or apothecary to any other hoſpital or infirmary, cers or ſervants, theſe complaints being figned
can be phyſician, furgeon or apothecary to this by ſuch governor's name are taken into conſidera-
hoſpital.
tion, and redreſſed by the committee.
At the general court held annually on the ſe The phyſician, who is allowed to have the li-
cond Wedneſday in Auguſt, a ſpecial committee berty of pupils, attends every committee day
of ſeven governors, who are not of the general and one other day in the week, and as often other-
committee, are appointed to audit and examine wife as there is occaſion. The ſurgeon alfo at-
the ſeveral accounts relating to this hoſpital, and tends the hoſpital every weekly committee day,
report their opinion of ſuch accounts to the gene and as often as there is occaſion; and the fix apo-
ral court held on the ſecond Wedneſday in Fe thecaries who generouſly attend and adminiſter
bruary following.
their medicines gratis, are there monthly by ro-
The preſident has power to order ſpecial gene tation, attending every weekly committee day,
ral courts to be ſummoned as often as he thioks and two other days in the week, and as often ac
neceſſary; and upon every vacancy in the office other times as there is occaſion.
of treaſurer, phyſician, ſurgeon, apothecary, or Every officer or fervant who ſhall take any fee,
ſecretary, a general court is fummoned to meet, gratuity, or reward, directly or indirectly, from
in order to fill up the vacancy: but no perſon is any tradeſman or other perſon dealing with this
entitled to vote at fuch general court, unleſs he || hoſpital, patient, or friend of any patient, in
has paid his ſubſcription money on or before the reſpect of any ſervice done or to be done, ſhall
day in which the vacancy is declared.
forth with be diſcharged, and rendered incapable
The general committee conſiſts of the pre of being received again into the ſervice of this
fident, vice-preſidents, and treaſurer for the hoſpital. Except that it be lawful for the ſecre.
time being, and of the five governors named as tary of this hoſpital, upon his waiting on every
lefſes in the leaſe of the ground on which the bos governor with a ſtaff and a printed copy of the
pical is built, and of all perſons who have paid rules and orders of this hofpital, to accept of a
1ool. or upwards for the uſe of the hoſpital, and fee not exceeding one guinea.
of ſuch twenty-four governors reſiding within Cloſe adjoining to the north ſide of this hofpi-
the bills of mortality, as are annually elected tal is a building called the Foundery, which was
for that purpoſe ac the general court held on the originally uſed by a founder in his trade, but
fecond Wedneſday in February, of which com now more remarkable for being the chief mecho-
mittee five at leaſt are neceſſary to do buſineſs, diſt meeting under the direction of the Reverend
They meet one ftated day in every month, or John Weſley. And on the ſouth ſide of Old-
oftener, if they ſee convenient, and at ſuch other ſtreet road is another methodiſt meeting, called
times as the treaſurer, or any ſub committee for Mr. Whitfield's tabernacle, a different congre-
the time being appoint. And have power to hire, || gation from the above.
govern, and diſcharge the domeſtic ſervants of In Peſt-houſe row, in the pariſh of St. Luke,
this hoſpital, to keep the buildings properly re is an alms-houſe, founded by George Palyn, cici-
paired, and purchaſe proviſions, furniture, and zen and girdler, for fix poor members of his com-
other neceſſaries for the faine : to admit and diſ pany, and endowed with an eſtate of forty pounds
charge patients : to ſee that the ſeveral books re a year, of which the company is truſtee.
lating to the hoſpital be regularly kept : that all Near this alms-houſe is a noble charity called
debts, legacies, annual ſubſcriptions, and other
revenues of this hoſpital be received and recover-
ed as the ſame ſhall reſpectively become due : The FRENCH HOSPITAL.
that all monies in the hands of the treaſurer,
above what is neceſſary in the opinion of the This hoſpital was erected in the year 1717,
faid committee for defraying the current expences and the governors by letters patent of the 4th of
of the hoſpiral, be from time to time placed out king George I. in 1718, were conſtituted a body
in transferable government ſecurities, and no politic and corporate, by the name of " The go-
other, in the names of the treaſurer for the time is vernor and directors of the hoſpital for the
being, and two of the vice-preſidents, or of two poor French proteſtants, and their deſcendants
ſuch other governors as the general court ſhall ap reſiding in Great Britain.”
point for that purpoſe; and that all juſt demands This hoſpital contains two hundred and twenty
be regularly diſcharged at leaſt once in fix poor helpleſs men and women, one hundred and
months.
forty-ſix of whom are upon the foundation, and
For the more eaſy diſpatch of buſineſs, this are plentifully ſupplied with all the neceſſaries of
committee has power to ſummon ſub-committees, life, at the expence of the hofpital; but the
one of which is called the houſe-committee ; and other ſeventy-four are paid for by their friends,
ſuch ſub-committees have power to ſummon the at the rate of gl. per annum each. This charity
general committee as often as they think proper. alſo extends to lunatics, for whoſe accommoda-
All purchaſes of proviſions, and other mate tion a large infirmary is provided.
rials for the uſe of the hoſpital, are to be made To this foundation belong a chaplain, phyſi-
as often as poſſible by contract : but no contract cian, ſurgeon, and other officers, who carefully
is to be made by which any member of the com attend the penſioners, and adminiſter to their
mittee is directly or indirectly concerned.
ſeveral neceffities.
In

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
607
of the poor.
In Peſt-houſe Fields is an houſe erected in pariſh, one of the moſt remarkable is an hoſpital
1672, by che viſcounteſs Lumley, for the ac called
commodation of fix poor women of Aldgate
and Biſhopſgate pariſhes, with an allowance of The Haberdaſhers Alms-houſes, or Aſke's Hospital.
four pounds, and cwelve buſhels of coals per
annun each.
This edifice was erected in 1692, by the com
In Peſt-houſe-lane is an alms-houſe founded in pany of Haberdaſhers, purſuant to the will of
1616, by Edward Alleyn, a comedian, for ten Robert Aſke, eſq; one of their members, who
poor men and women, who receive fix-pence a left thirty thouſand pounds for the building, and
weck each, and a coat and gown every other the relief of {wenty poor members of the com.
year.
pany of Haberdaſhers, beſides the maintenance
In George-yard, Old-ftreet, an alms-houſe and education of twenty boys, fons of decayed
was erected in 1655, by Suſan Anyas of Lon-
freemen of the fame company.
The men who
don, widow, for the habitation of eight poor are all to be ſingle, have each an apartment of
ſingle men or women, who are allowed, as a body, three rooms, with proper diet and firing, a gown
twenty ſhillings a year for water, and fix pounds once in two years, and three pounds per annum
a year for coals. Each of them has a ſeparate in money. The boys have alſo a ward to them-
allowance of four pounds a year; and twenty
ſelves, with all neceſſaries: their maſter, who
ſhillings a year are ſertled for one of the eight to reads prayers twice a day in the chapel, has, be-
read prayers every day.
fides a houſe, 401. per annum, which, together
Beſides theſe remarkables, there are, in the with the ſalaries of the clerk, butler, porter, and
pariſh of St. Luke, three charity ſchools, one other domeſticks, amounts to about 800l. a
free-ſchool, and a work-houſe for the reception year.
This building, which is of brick and ſtone, is
The next pariſh and church we come to is that four hundred feet long, with an ambulatory in
of
front of three hundred and forty feet, under a
piazza, elevated on ſtone columns of the Tuſcan
St. LEONARD, Shoreditch. order. In the middle of the building is a cha-
pel, adorned with columns, entablature, and
This church is thus denominated from its dedi. pediment of the Ionic order; and under the
pe-
cation to St. Leonard, biſhop of Leomeges in
diment is a niche, with a ſtatue of the founder
France, and its ficuation in the hamlet of Shore cloathed in his gown, and holding in his hand a
ditch.
roll of parchment, which ſeems to be his laſt will.
There was a church in this place dedicated to Under him is the following inſcription:
the ſame ſaint in very early times, and there are
records of a diſpute concerning it in the reign of
Henry II. The laſt ſtructure, which was a very
ROBERTO ASKE Armigero, bujus Hofpitii
mean heavy pile, ſtood till the year 1735, when
Fundatiori, Socie. Haberda. B. M. P. G.
che inhabitants having the year before applied to
parliament, it was pulled down, and the preſent And on one ſide of him is this inſcription:
light and elegant edifice was ſoon after erected in
its ſtead.
Anno Chriſti MDCLXXXII. Societas Haber-
To this church there is an aſcent by a double || dafheorum de London boc Hofpitium condiderunt,
flight of plain ſteps, which lead to a portico of ex Legato & Teſtamento Roberti Aſke Armigeri,
the angular kind ſupported by four Doric co ejusdam Societatis ; ad viginti Senum Alimenta, &
lumns, and bearing an angular pediment. The totidum Puerorum Educationem.
body of the edifice is plain, but well enlightened,
and the ſteeple light, elegant and lofty. The
On the other ſide the following:
tower at a proper height has a ſeries of Ionic co-
lumns, and on their entablature are ſcrolls which The worſhipful company of Haberdaſhers built
ſupport as many Corinthian columns on pedeſtals, tbis hoſpital, purſuant to the gift and truſt of
and ſupporting a dome, from whoſe crown riſes R. Aſke, Eſq; à late worthy member of it,
a ſeries of columns of the Compoſite order, on for the relief of twenty poor members, and for
whoſe entablature refts the fpire ſtanding upon the education of twenty boys ſons of decayed
four balls, which give it an addicional air of freemen of that company
lightneſs, and on the top is a ball and fane.
This church is both a rectory and a vicarage ; Fronting the entrance of the chapel is a large
but the diſtinct rights of the rector and the vi pair of very handſome iron gates, and at each
car are ſaid to be not thoroughly aſcertained ; end of the hoſpital is an edifice of the fame
however, the profits of the vicarage amount to height as the chapel.
about 350l. per annum.
In Kingſland road is a very handſome and beau-
The veftry is occaſionally both ſelect and ge tiful ſchool built by ſubſcription, in the year
neral: and the officers are, iwo church wardens, 1722, in which there are apartments for a maſter
fix overſeers of the poor, four conſtables, eighteen and miſtreſs, who have 100 children under their
headboroughs, ſix ſcavengers, four ſurveyors of care, viz. fifty boys and fifty girls, who are main-
the highways, and four beadles.
tained by ſubſcription, are cloathed yearly, and
Among the various public buildings in this have books provided for them.
Near
2

608
" HISTOR1 and SURVEr of LONDON.
k of co
Near Hoxton are ſix alms-houſes, containing to the pariſh of St. Dunſtan, Stepney; but is
twelve rooms for the widows of twelve weavers, now a pariſh ſo made by act of parliament in
each of whom has ul. per annum paid quarterly, || 1723. In which year the foundation of their
and twenty-four buſhels of coats.
church was laid, and in 1729 it was finiſhed, and
Near to theſe are twelve alms-houſes for 12 dedicated to Our Saviour by the name of
poor widows of Shoreditch pariſh, each of
whom has 41. per annum and one fack of coals ; CHRIST CHURCH, Spital-fields.
founded by judge Fuller.
Alſo eight alms-houſes, where eight poor wi This is one of the fifty new churches, built of
dows of this pariſh have five ſhillings per month ſtone, with a very high ſteeple, in which is a fine
and half a chaldron of coals yearly; founded and ring of bells. The body of the church is folid
endowed by John Walcer, citizen and draper of and well proportioned : it is ornamented with a
London.
Doric portico, to which there is a handſome aſcent
Likewiſe fix houſes for fix poor nien (or for by a light of ſteps; and upon theſe the Doric
men and their wives) of this pariſh, each of whom order ariſes, ſupported on pedeſtals. The tower
has il. a year; the gift of Allen Badger, eſq; over theſe-riſes with arched windows and niches,
arno 1698.
and on its diminiſhing for the ſteeple, is ſupport-
Northward from the above, in Hoxton town, ed by the heads of the under corners, which form
are two alms-houſes built by Mr. Bearmore. a kind of buttreſſes : from this part riſes the baſe
On the eaſt fide of Kingſland road are twelve of the ſpire, with an arcade; its corners are in
alms-houſes, given by Mr. Samuel Harwar, ci the ſame manner ſupported with a kind of pyrami-
tizen and draper of London, built in the year dal buttreffes ending in a point, and the fpire is
1713; in ſix of them the drapers company put in terminated by a vaſe and fane.
decayed freemen, or their wives, and the other This church is made a rectory, but is not to be
fix are filled up by the pariſh. Every one has a held in commendam. For the maintenance of the
load of coals yearly, and 6s. per month paid by reclor and his ſucceſſors, the parliament granted
the drapers company,
the ſum of 3000l. to be laid out in the purchaſe
Near to theſe, in the ſame road is a large hand of lands and tenements in fee ſimple: beſides which
fome building called
proviſion the churchwardens are by that act ap-
poirited to pay him annually the ſum of 1251. to
JEFERIE S’s ALMS-HOUSE. be raiſed by burial fees.
The veftry conſiſts of thoſe who have ſerved
This edifice, which conſiſts of fourteen hand or fined for overſeers of the poor; and the officers
fome well built houſes, and a chapel, was founded are, two church wardens, twelve auditors of ac-
by Sir Robert Jefferies, knight and alderman, counts, four overſeers, one ſideſman, one con-
and Lord-mayor of London in 1686, who died ftable, nine headboroughs, one ſurveyor of the
in the month of February 1703. Theſe houſes highways, four ſcavengers, two ſurveyors of the
were erected by the company of ironmongers in ſtreets, and one aleconner.
the year 1713; in each of which are four rooms This pariſh enjoys the privilege of a market,
and a cellar, ſo that they contain fifty-ſix poor which is of great reputation for all ſorts of pro-
people. He likewiſe left 151. per annum to a viſions. And here are two French and two Eng-
miniſter to read prayers every day, and preach on liſh alms-houſes, two charity ſchools and a work-
Sundays. By the will of the donor, each of the
houſe for the poor.
poor people has il. 1os. per quarter, and ſome At the north eaſt corner of Hare-ſtreet, Spital-
what more, paid by the ironmongers company, fields is ſituate che pariſh church of
of which he was a member. No man is admitted
under fifty-fix years of age, and if married, his
St. MATTHEWBethnal-green.
wife may cohabit with him, and be elected in his
ſtead when he dies. The women are cloached in This pariſh was formerly one of the hamlets of
blue, and the men have gowns with hanging || Stepney, from which it was ſeparated by an act
fleeves of the ſame colour. The donor's effigies of parliament in the 13th year of his late ma-
is curiouſly carved, and placed in the front of the jeſty king George II. The church is a neat com-
chapel.
modious edifice, built with brick coped and coin-
In this pariſh there are likewiſe two charity ed with free-ſtone ; and the tower, which is not
ſchools, and a large workhouſe for the poor. high, is of the fame materials.
Proceeding from Shoreditch church ſouthward, Ac Mile-end, in this pariſh is an hoſpital be-
we traverſe Spital-fields, and the parts adjacent, longing to the corporation of Trinity-houſe. It
the grand ſeat of the weaving trade and manu was founded in 1695 for twenty-eight decayed or
facture in all branches. In which we find the li ancient ſeamen, who have been maſters or pilots
berty of Norton Falgate, containing about two of ſhips, and for their widows, each of whom
hundred houſes. It is extra parochial, for the receive 16s. the firſt Monday in every month, be-
inhabitants maintain their own poor, and marry
ſides 20s. a year for coals, and a gown every other
and bury where they pleaſe: but they generally
This is a noble edifice, built of brick and
make uſe of a chapel, built originally for them ftone, conſiſting of two wings, and containing
near Spical-yard, by: Sir George Wheeler, pre twenty-eight apartments. In the centre, between
bendary of Durham.
the ewo wings, is a chapel, which riſes conſider-
Spital-fields was originally a hamlet belonging | abły higher than the other buildings.
Here
year.

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London).
1
UNUI
UUS
MUL
..!!!!!!
11!.
பபபா
View of
of IRONMONGERS ALMS-HOUSES . Kingsland Road
4
WWW
e
100
11
SIG
262
View of
TRINITY ALMS-Houses Mile End Road).

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London.
TOTO
---
•112
1.
100
TER
St Mary: Whitechappel.
S. Pauls Shadwel.
S.Ann's Limehouse.
so
"
non
pm
11111
11 11.
Heit:
St Georges Rateliff highway
S+Dunstan's Stopney .
S! Iohns Wapping

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
609
In Dog-
Here is likewiſe a beautiful building, ſchool ing to the drapers company, twelve belonging to
and chapel, called
the ſkinners company, twelve to the vintners
company, and twelve others known by the name
BENCRO F T's Alms-houſe. of Fuller's alms-houſes, from having been found-
ed in 1592 by a judge of that name.
Theſe were erected by the drapers company in row, near Mile-end, is an alms-houſe built in
the year 1735, purſuant to the will of Mr. Fran-
1711, by captain Fiſher, for the widows of fix
cis Bencroft, who bequeathed to that company maſters of ſhips. And at Bethnal-green is an
upwards of twenty-eight thouſand pounds, for alms-houſe, founded by Mr. Bermeeter, for fix
purchaſing a ſite, and building upon it an alms poor women.
houſe, with convenient apartments for twenty-four At the north eaſt extremity of this pariſh the
alms-men, a chapel and a ſchool room for one bloody Bonner, biſhop of London, had a houſe,
hundred poor boys, and two dwelling-houſes for where he was wont to torture the proteſtants ;
two ſchool-maſters, and alſo for endowing the which, though now converted into many dwell-
fame ; ſo that each alms-man ſhould have eight ing houſes, retains the name of Bonner's-hall.
pounds, and half a chaldron of coals yearly, and Proceeding to the ſouth-eaſt from Spital-fields,
a gown of baize every third year ; that the ſchool we come to Whitechapel road, on the ſouth ſide
boys ſhould be cloathed, and taught reading, of which, at the ſtones end ſtands the pariſk
writing, and arithmetic; that each of the maſters church of
ſhould have a ſalary of 301. a year; and that both
ſhould have the yearly ſum of 201. for coals and
St. MARY, Whitechapel.
candles for their own uſe, and that of the ſchool;
together with a ſufficient allowance for books, pa This church was originally erected as a chapel
per, pens, and ink: every boy put out apprentice
of eaſe to the church of St. Dunftan, Stepney ;
is encicled to four pounds, but only two pounds and from its external appearance probably received
ten ſhillings if put out to ſervice.
che additional epichet of White. We read of this
This edifice is not only neat, but extremely church ſo early as the year 1329, and the firſt
elegant, conſiſting of iwo wings and a center de chapel was probably of much greater antiquity.
tached from both of them. In the middle The old church being in a very ruinous condi-
of the front is the chapel, before which is a cion in 1673, it was taken down and rebuilt in
noble portico, with Ionic columns, and coupled the preſent form. It is a coarſe and very irregu-
pilaſters at the corners, ſupporting a pediment, lar building. The body, which is formed of brick,
in the plane of which is the dial. There is an and ornamented with ſtone ruſtic work at the cor-
aſcent to the portico by a flight of ſteps, and over ners, is ninety-three feet in length, ſixty three in
the chapel is a handſome turret. On each ſide of breadth, and the height of the tower and curret
the portico are two houſes like thoſe in the wings. || eighty feet. The principal door is adorned with
The conſtruction of the wings is uniform, lofty a kind of ruſtic pilaſters, with cherubimis heads
and convenient : twelve doors in each open in a by way of capitals, and a pediment above. The
regular feries, and the windows are of a moderate body has many windows, which are of various
ſize, numerous, and proporcioned to the apart forms and different ſizes, a ſort of Venetian, oval
ments they are to enlighten. The ſquare is ſur and ſquare. The ſquare windows have ill-pro-
rounded with gravel walks, with a large graſs portioned circular pediments, and the oval, or
plot in the middle, and next the road the wall is more properly elliptic windows, ſome of which
adorned with handſome iron rails and gates. ſtand upright, and others croſsways, are ſur-
It is remarkable that the above Mr. Francis rounded with thick feftoons. The ſteeple, which
Bencroft, who left ſo large a ſum for erecting and is of ſtone, and appears to be a part of the old
endowing this fine hoſpital, and even ordered two ſtructure, riſes above the principal door, and is
fermons to be annually preached in commemora crowned with a plain ſquare battlement, in the
tion of his charity, was one of the Lord-mayor's center of which riſes a ſmall turret with its dome
officers, and by informations and fummoning the and fane.
citizens before the Lord-mayor, upon the moſt This church is a reclory, in the gift of the
trifling occaſions, and other things not belonging || principal and ſcholars of King's-hall and Brazen-
to his office, not only pillaged the poor, but allo Nofe College, Oxford ; and the incumbent's pro-
many of the rich, who rather than lofe time in fits are ſaid to be worth 350l. per annum.
appearing before that magiftrate, gave money to The veſtry is general, and the officers are,
get rid of this common peſt of the citizens, which three church wardens, fix overſeers of the poor,
cogether with his numerous quarterages from the one conſtable, fixteen headboroughs, ten ſcaven-
brokers, &c. enabled him to amaſs annually a gers, two ſurveyors of the highways, and three
conſiderable ſum of money. But by theſe and beadles.
other mercenary practices, he lo incurred the ha On the ſouth ſide of Whitechapel road, in this
tred and ill- will of the citizens of all ranks and pariſh, and near a place called Whitechapel-
denominations, that the perſons who attended his mount, is a large and commodious brick building,
funeral obſequies, with great difficulty ſaved his erected by voluntary contributions, called
corpfe from being thrown off the bearers ſhoul.
ders in the church by the enraged populace, who The LONDON INFIRM ARY.
ſeizing the bells, rang them for joy at his unla-
mented death.
This hoſpital is ſupported by charitable contri-
In this pariſh are alſo eight alms-houſes belong- || butions, for the relief of all fick and diſeaſed per-
51
7 P
fons ;

610
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
road.
fons; and, in particular, manufacturers, ſeamen within a fortnight after. The accounts are open
in che merchants ſervice, and their wives and at all times for the inſpection of the governors.
children. It was inſtituced on the ſecond of No A phyſical committee conſiſting of the gover-
vember 1740, in a large houſe in Preſcot-ſtreet, nors who practiſe phyſic, furgery, or pharmacy,
Goodman's Fields, which is at preſent the Mag or are converſant in the knowledge of drugs or
dalen-houſe; but that becoming too ſmall for this medicines (excepting ſuch as ſhall be directly or
extenſive charity, a new, more capacious, and indirectly concerned in ſerving the hoſpital wich
more commodious building, was erected by the ſuch neceſſaries) are ſummoned by order of the
voluntary contributions of ſeveral governors, in
houſe committee for the time being every firſt
an airy ſituation, near the Mount in Whitechapel || Thurſday in the month, and have power to order
and inſpect the neceſſary drugs and medicines, and
This is a very neat brick building, contrived report their proceedings to the general quarterly
to be plain and yet elegant, without being very court by their chairman.
expenſive; and it conſiſting of one extended front, Two governors are appointed viſitors by the
without either wings or inner courts, the whole is houſe committee, for one fortnight to attend cwice
feen at one view. To the middle door is an af a week, or oftener, if they think proper, to in-
cent by a flight of ſteps, and over this part ex fpect into the management and conduct of the
tends a very large angular pediment, within which houſe, during the interval of the meetings of the
is a dial. Above the ground floor extend two
houſe committee.
feries, of each twenty-three ſaſh windows, their A clergyman of the church of England reads
number and the length of the building giving it prayers every day, and preaches every Sunday,
an air of dignity. The architect has properly and reads prayers morning and afternoon; admi-
conſidered the uſe for which ic is deſigned, and niſters the ſacrament regularly every month; and
has ſuited every ching to convenience. It is pro is ready to viſit, pray by, and adminiſter the fa-
perly furniſhed, and fitced up with about one crament at all times when required, to the patients
hundred and fixty beds for the reception of the
in the wards.
patients.
Three phyſicians attend alternately; two of the
The ſociety for carrying on this laudale under- || ſurgeons daily, from eleven o'clock till one, with-
taking conſiſts of a preſident, iwo vice preſidents,
out fee or reward, and give their advice and af-
and a treaſurer, annually elected out of the moſt ſiſtance to all ſuch objects as come within thoſe
conſiderable benefactors to this charity, and of | hours, whether recommended or accidental. A
ſuch perſons, who by giving a benefaction of ſurgeon extraordinary attends in conſultation, in
thirty guineas or more at one time, become gover all dangerous caſes, The ſurgeons in waiting have
nors for life; and thoſe who ſubſcribe five gui an apprentice, or pupil, conſtantly in the houſe,
neas or more a year, are governors during ſuch to receive, and, if neceſſary, to call the ſurgeon
ſubſcription.
to ſuch accidents as ſhall be brought in at any
A general court of governors is held in the hour of the day or night.
months of March, June, September and Decem An apothecary (with an allilant) conſtantly re-
ber, to take the reports of the commiteees, elect fides at the hoſpital, who compounds and diſ-
a houſe committee for the enſuing quarter, in penſes all medicines uſed here, and ſolely attends
ſpect accounts, and tranſact ſuch other buſineſs the buſineſs thereof.
as may be then laid before them. The anniver A fteward (for whoſe fidelity proper ſecurity is
ſary feaſt of this charity is held between the firſt given) has the charge of the houſe and furniture,
of February and the laſt day of April, when a keeps and account of every thing brought to or
printed account of the general ſtate of the hof expended in the houſe, and ſubjects the ſame to
pital, the number of patients received and dif the examination of the viſitors and houſe com-
charged, and an abſtract of the accounts for the mittee, and has the inſpection likewiſe of the
year paſt is laid before them.
conduct of all the men-ſervants. Two matrons
A houſe committee of thirteen governors
is
ap-
have the direction of the nurſes and other women-
pointed at every general quarterly court, who at ſervants, and ſee the diet and medicines admi-
their firſt meeting elect a chairman to preſide for niſtered according to order. Under them are
the firſt quarter, who meet at the hoſpital on nurſes and watchers, in proportion to the number
Tueſdays weekly, at eleven in the forenoon, to of patients, who are guided by written orders, to
receive and diſmiſs patients, to order and inſpect prevent any miſconduct Proper diet for the pa-
che proviſions and furniture fent in, and ſuch ne tients has been ſettled by the phyſicians and ſur-
ceſſaries that may be wanting, and to examine and geons engaged in this charity, and is fixed up in
regulate the conduct of the ſervants and patients, the wards for the facisfaction of the patients and
and other matters which come before them, ac their friends.
cording to the conſtitution of this charity. All No officers or ſervants are permitted, upon pain
governors that pleaſe to attend, have a vote at of expulſion, to take of any tradeſmen, pacients,
this committee, and their attendance is eſteemed or other perſons, any fee, reward, or gratuity of
a favour.
any kind, directly or indirectly, for any ſervice
A committee of accounts, conſiſting of twelve done, or to be done, on account of this hof-
governors, is appointed at the general quarterly || pital.
court in June, for one year, who meet at the Every governor is enticed to fend one in-patient
hoſpital once a quarter, to examine and audit at a time, and out-patients without limitacion.
tradeſmens bills, which are paid by the treaſurer Subſcribers of ſmaller fums may likewiſe fend
what

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
611
what number of our patients they pleaſe. All ceive a certificate thereof, which will entitle them
ſubſcriptions are during pleaſure, and any
ſmall to future relief.
fums from well-diſpoſed perſons will be thankfully On the ſouth ſide of Whitechapel are ſix alms-
received; but in order to carry on this undertak houſes, containing twelve rooms for as many poor
ing, all perſons are delired to pay their ſubſcrip widows of this pariſh, each of whom has 51. 45.
tion at the time of ſubſcribing.
per annum and a chaldron of coals, founded by
The poor objects recommended as in-patients, William Meggs, eſq; which having become ruin-
if there are beds empty, are received at any hour ous have lately been rebuilt by Mr. Goodwin,
without difficulty or expence, and are ſupplied
late of this pariſh.
with advice, medicine, diet, waſhing, lodging, In Whitechapel-road is a court, called his ma-
and every comfortable alliſtance during their jeſty's court of record for the manor of Stepney,
cure : nor is any ſecurity required againſt future for the trial of debts under 5l. contracted within
contingencies, they being, in caſe of death, bu the ſaid manor. Here is alſo a priſon for debtors,
ried at the che expence of the charity, if not re called Whitechapel priſon. Likewiſe two free
moved by their friends. All our patients have ſchools in one houſe, erected at the proper coſts
advice and medicines adminiſtered from eleven and charges of Ralph Davenant, rector of this
till one.
pariſh.
All accidents, whether recommended or not, Proceeding to the ſouth from Whitechapel-
are received at any hour of the day or night. road, we find, on the north ſide of the Thames,
This is the plan of this noble charity; and the pariſh and church of
ſuch has been the extraordinary encouragement
given to it, that from the third of November
St. ANNE, Limehouſe.
1740, to the firſt of January 1759, the ſums ge-
nerouſly contributed to its ſupport amounted to This is one of the fifty new churches appoint-
ſeventy-nine thouſand one hundred and fifty-three ed by act of parliament to be built within the bills
pounds, a great part of which is laid out in go of mortality. The foundation was laid in the year
vernment fecurities. But what is ſtill more ex 1712, but it was not finiſhed till 1729. It is of a
traordinary, one hundred and thirty-ſeven thou very ſingular conſtruction; the body is not one
fand two hundred and fifty-two diftreffed objects | plain building, but is continued under ſeparate
have been relieved at this hoſpital; and from la portions. The door under the cower has a por-
bouring under the oppreſſion of ſome of the moſt tico, covered with a dome ſupported by pilaſters,
malignant diſeaſes and unhappy accidents, have and to this door there is an aſcent by a flight of
been reinſtated in their honeſt and induſtrious ſteps. The tower, which is ſquare, has a Co-
capacities of working ; and, ſo far as our obfer rinthian window adorned with columns and pi-
vation reaches, their morals much amended, laſters. The corners of the tower are alſo ſtrength-
whereby the public again enjoy the benefit of ened by pilaſters, which on their tops ſupport
their labour, and they, and their families, are vaſes. The upper ſtage of the tower is plain, and
preſerved from periſhing, and prevented from extremely heavy, and from this part riſes a turret
being an incumbrance to the community. And, at each corner, and a more lofty one in the mid-
notwithſtanding the great number of objects re dle.
lieved by this charity, it has not leſſened che num This church is a rectory, the pariſh of which
ber of patients relieved by other hoſpitals. was taken out of St. Dunſtan, Stepney, and like
The ſubſcribers are deſired to take notice, that that is in the gift of Brazen-nofe college, Oxford.
if any patients do not conform to the rules of the It is valued at 6ol. to be paid annually to the
houſe, or are guilty of any miſbehaviour, they rector by the churchwardens, and the produce of
will be diſcharged, and never more relieved by 3500l. given by parliament to puchaſe an eſtare
this charity : and not to ſend any patient unable in fee fimple.
to walk, till they are firſt aſſured of room in the The veſtry conſiſts of ſuch only as pay two
houſe; and when they recommend an in-patient, || ſhillings per month to the poor; and the officers
whoſe fertlement is in the country, it is further are, two churchwardens, two overſeers of the poor,
requeſted, that they will ſatisfy the houſe com one conſtable, four headboroughs, two ſcavengers,
mittee concerning the removal of ſuch pacient, two ſurveyors of the highways, and one beadle.
when cured, or judged incurable.
Adjoining to this pariſh is the hamlet of Pop-
“ No perſons of known ability to pay for their lar and Blackwall, which form a ſtreet upwards
cure; are allowed to partake of this charity; of a mile in length, inhabited by ſeafaring peo-
nor any with infectious diſtempers, or deemed ple, and ſuch as are concerned in ſhip-building.
« incurable by the phyſicians and ſurgeons, or About the middle of Poplar, on the north ſide,
“ any in conſumptive or afthmatic condition, are is a ſet of alms-houſes founded for widows of fea-
“ admitted into this houſe, being more capable men in the India ſervice ; adjoining to which is a
ss of relief as out-patients.”
large chapel of eaſe to this part of the pariſh of
The patients, being admitted without any ex St. Dunſtan, Stepney (of which hereafter.) Black-
pence, are required to be conſtant in their attend wall is remarkable for the mooring of Indiamen
ance on the phyſicians or ſurgeons at the hoſpital, at the ſtairs; and for a conſiderable fhip-yard,
before eleven o'clock; and at nine o'clock, to where many Eaſt-Indiamen are both laid up and
return thanks at the chapel, and at the weekly built.
committee next after their cure; and thoſe only Proceeding weſtward from St. Anne's, Lime-
who attend their cure, and return thanks, will re houſe, we come to Ratcliff-croſs, near which, in
Broad
22

612
HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
-
امه
Broad-ſtreet, is a ſchool, alſo a ſet of alms-houſes, beautiful red earthen bottles. with a number of
with a chapel, founded by Nicholas Gibſon in lachrymatories of Hexagon and Octagon forms:
1537, and left in truſt to the coopers company,
and on each ſide of the inhumed bones were de-
with a conſiderable eſtate for their ſuppore: and poſited two ivory ſcepters of the length of eigh-
at the north-weſt angle of School-houſe-lane, in teen inches each ; and upon the breaſt the figure
Brook-ſtreet, is a noted quakers meeting.
of a ſmall cupid curiouſly wrought, as were like-
Adjoining to Ratcliffe, on the weſt end is the wiſe two pieces of jer, reſembling nails, of the
pariſh and church of
length of two inches.
The perſon here interred, according to the
St. PAUL, Shadwell.
opinion of that judicious antiquary Sir Robert
Corton, who made the diſcovery, muſt have been
This church, which is a rectory, ſituate on the the confort of ſome prince or Roman pretor, by
ſouth ſide of Upper Shadwell, owes its name to che decorations of the coffin, and things therein
its being dedicated to St. Paul the Apoſtle, and contained.
its ſituation ; the advowſon whereof is in the dean At the ſame time were likewiſe diſcovered a
and chapter of St. Paul's.
great number of urns, with Roman coin, which
Shadwell, though now joined to London, was on one ſide had this inſcription, Imp. Pupienus
anciently a hamlet belonging to Stepney; buc Maximus P. F. and on the reverſe, with hands
being greatly increaſed in the number of its in conjoined, Patrus Senatus.
habitants, Thomas Neale, eſq; erected the prefent The remarkables in this pariſh at preſent are,
church in the year 1656 for their accommodation; the church, a preſbyterian meeting-houſe, two
and in 1669 this diſtrict was by act of parliament. charity ſchools, an alms-houſe, a market
, a dock
confticured a diſtinct pariſh from that of Stepney, for ſhip building, and a work-houſe for the re-
and 120l. per annum was granted for the mainte- || ception of the poor.
nance of the rector in lieu of tythes, beſides a More to the weſt from this pariſh, on the eaſt
conſiderable glebe, oblations and church dues, ſide of Canon-ſtreet, ſtands the parochial church
which, together, are ſuppoſed to make the value of
of the living upwards of 300l. per annum.
The church, which is but a mean edifice built
St. GEORGE in the Eaſt.
with brick, is eighty-ſeven feet long, and fixty-
three broad; che height to the roof is twenty-
This is one of the fifty new churches appoint-
eighi feet, and that of the ſteeple fixty. The ed to be built by act of parliament in the reign of
body has a few windows with ruftic arches, and queen Anne, the foundation of which was laid
ſome very mean ones in the roof. At the corners in 1715, and the ſtructure finiſhed four years
of the building are balls placed on a kind of ſmall after.
pedeſtals. The tower is carried up without orna This is a maffy ſtructure, erected in a very
ment, and is terminated with balls at the corners ſingular taſte. The floor is raiſed a conſiderable
in the ſame manner as the body of the church, and height above the level of the ground; and to the
is crowned with a plain low curret.
principal door, which is in the weſt front of the
The veſtry is general; and the officers are, two tower, is an aſcent by a double flight of ſteps,
churchwardens, four collectors for the poor, one cut with a ſweep, and defended by a low wall of
conſtable, ſeven headboroughs, two ſcavengers,
the ſame form ; but the moſt remarkable thing
and two beadles,
is, there are two turrets over the body of the
This pariſh, which is one of the Tower Ham church, and one on the tower, which laſt is
lets, received the name of Shadwell from a ſpring in the manner of a fortification, with a ſtaff on
or well which at this time lies buried under a pil che
COP
for an occaſional flag.
lar near the ſouth weſt corner of the church, with This pariſh is taken out of that of Stepney;
in the church-yard. And the ſouth part of the and by act of parliament the hamlet of Wapping
pariſh, denominated Lower Shadwell, being an Stepney is appropriated to that purpoſe, and in
tiently part of Wapping Marſh, it was within the all reſpects rendered independent of Stepney pa-
courſe of the river Thames, till the ſame was em riſh. Towards the maintenance of the rector and
banked.
his ſucceffors the parliament gave the ſum of
The ſtreets in this pariſh, called Old and New 3000l. to be laid out in the purchaſe of lands, it-
Gravel-lanes, were fo denominated from their be nements, &c. in fee fimple ; and as a farcher
ing antiently ways wherein carts laden with gra proviſion, the churchwardens are annually to pay
vel from the neighbouring fields uſed to paſs to him the ſun of rool. to be raiſed by burial fees.
the river Thames, where it was uſed in ballaſting The advowſon of this rectory, like that of Step-
ſhips, before ballaſt' was taken out of the ſaid ney, is in the principal and ſcholars of King's
river.
hall, and Brazen-Noſe College, Oxford.
In the north eaſt part of this pariſh (now called The veſtry conſiſts of ſuch as pay two ſhillings
Sun Tavern fields) a Roman cemetry was diſ per month to the poor ; and the officers are, two
covered about the year 1615, wherein were found church wardens, four overſeers of the poor, one
two coffins; one whereof, being of ſtone, con conſtable, twelve headboroughs, four ſcavengers,
tained the bones of a man; and the other of lead, two furveyors of the highways, and two beadles.
beautifully embelliſhed with ſcollop ſhells and a In this pariſh we find a turnpike at the north
crotiſter border, concained thoſe of a woman, at end of Canon-ftreet; two ſquares, in one of
whoſe head and feet were placed two urns of the which is a Swedes church, and in the other a
height of three feet each; and at the ſides divers Danes church ; two meeting houſes of the ana-
baptiſt
1

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
613
baptiſt perſuaſion, and a noble foundation for Proceeding from hence through the Hermia
poor boys and girls by Mr. Raine, brewer; it is
tage; we come to the pariſh church of
ſituate in Fowden-fields, Old Gravel-lane for 50
St. CA TH A R I N E.
boys and 50 girls. And the ſame gentlemanin 1737, This church, which is ſituate on the eaſt ſide
alſo founded an hoſpital near to the ſaid ſchool, and of St. Catharine's.court near the Tower, was ori-
erected a handſomecommodious brick building for ginally an hoſpital, founded by Matilda con-
48 girls, to be taken out of the ſaid ſchool to be fort to king Stephen, and was farther endow-
kept to work, &c. ell fit for ſervice; and ico!. to ed by queen Eleanor, the relict of Henry III.
be given every May-day to portion one of thoſe Queen Eleanor confort to Edward I, and king
girls, choſen by lot, to be married at that time: Henry VI. who not only confirmed all the for-
From hence, croſſing Old Gravel-lane, we come mer grants, and added ſeveral additional ones,
to the pariſh church of
but gave an am.ple charter to this hoſpiral. It
St. JOHN, Wapping:
was exempt from the juriſdiction of che biſhop of
The old church was built in the year 1617, when London, till its ſuppreſſion by Henry VIII: ſoon
the increaſe of houſes in the pariſh of St. Mary after which king Edward VI. annexed it to the
Whitechapel rendered ſuch an edifice neceffary: dioceſe of London. The church, which is å
It was dedicated to St. John the Baptiſt, and as very ancique building, is at preſent collegiate,
there were other churches under the patronage of and has a maſter and three brethren, who have
the ſame faint, it was diſtinguiſhed, from its fitu- ||401. each; three filters who have 201. and ten
ation, by the name of Wapping. Originally it beads women who have 81. per annum each; but
was no more than a chapel of eaſe to St. Mary's the other profits ariſing from their eſtates, being
pariſh; but in 1694 the hamlet of Wapping was only known to the maſter and brethren, are di-
conſtituted a diſtinct pariſh; the inhabitants were vided amongſt them.
empowered to purchaſe 30l. per annum in mort Having now gone through and deſcribed the
main, and as a farther proviſion for the rector, he ſeveral pariſhes and churches, &c. of the cities
was allowed to receive all ecclefiaftical dues, ex of London and Weft ninſter, Borough of South-
cept tithes, inſtead of which the rector has 1301. wark, and their reſpective liberties, we ſhall now
a year raiſed upon the inhabitants by an equal futjoin a liſt of their chapels, together with thoſe
pound rate.
in all other parts within the bill of mortality be-
From the ruinated ſituation of this church, a longing to the eſtabliſhed church; likewiſe the
new one has been very lately erected in its ſtead. number of all the meeting-houſes of the ſeveral
It is a neat brick building, and conſiſts only of a denominations, both domeſtic and foreign, wich-
plain body, with a tower, from which riſes a fane. in the ſaid diſtrict.
The advowſon is in the principal and ſcholars
CH A P E L S:
of King's Hall, and Brazen Noſe College, Ox Archbiſhop's chapel, at Lambeth.
ford.
Aſk's Hoſpital chapel, Hoxton.
The veftry is neither ſelect nor general, all be Audley-ſtreet chapel.
ing admitted who have either ſerved or fined for Bencroft's chapel, Mile-end.
offices. The officers are, (wo church wardens, Banqueting-houſe chapel, Whitehall.
four overſeers of the poor, one conſtable, ſeven Berwick.ſtreet chapel, Old Soho.
headboroughs, four ſcavengers and one beadle. Bridewell Hoſpital chapel.
The ſite of this pariſh, together with the parts
Charter-houſe chapel.
adjoining, were antiently within the flux of the Charlotte chapel, oppoſite the Riding-houſe,
river Thames, but when, or by whom they were Pimlico
at firſt embanked is unknown. By frequent in College Almhouſe chapel, Deadman's Place.
undations of the river Thames, its banks in theſe Conduit-ſtreet chapel.
parts became great ſufferers; for about the year Cooper's Almhouſe chapel, Ratcliff.
1565 divers breaches were made therein, which Curzon-ſtreet chapel.
were no ſooner repaired, than another happened Dacre's chapel, Weſtminſter.
in the year 1571; when the commiſſioners of || Draper's Almhouſe chapel, Blackman-ſtreet.
fewers, after viewing the ſame, were of opinion, Draper's Almfhouſe chapel, Newington Butts,
that the moſt effectual way to ſecure the bank of Duke ſtreet chapel, Weſtminſter.
the river in thoſe parts, would be to erect hiules Ely-houſe chapel, Holbourn-hill.
thereon : to which end ground was taken, and the Fiſhmongers Almſhouſe chapel, Newington Butts.
firſt foundations of houſes laid where Wapping at
Fleet Priſon chapel.
preſent is ſituate.
10 Foundling hoſpital chapel.
In this pariſh is Execution Dock, ſo called from Gray's inn chapel, Gray’s-inn.
its being the place where pirates and others who Great Queen-ſtreer chapel, Lincoln’s-inn-fields.
have committed capital crimes at ſea, are execut Groſvenor’s-ſquare chapel, Audley’s-ſtreet.
ed on a gallows which leans over the water. Guildhall chapel, Guildhull-yard.
In Cock-alley, near the church, is a charity. || Guy's hoſpital chapel, Sou hwark.
ſchool for forty boys, who have learning and Hill's chapel, Rucheſter Row, Weſtminſter.
cloaths by ſubſcription.
Jefferies's Hoſpital chapel, Kingland Road.
Near the ſame alley is a ſchool for twenty girls. || Kenſington Palace chapel.
Six
poor children of this pariſh are educated at King's-bench Priſon chape, Southwark.
the free-ſchool erected in the pariſh of Allhallows King and Hoſpital chapel, Kingſland.
Barkin; purſuant to the will of alderman Hick- || King-ſtreer chapel, Oxford-ſtreet.
ſon, bearing date the 16th of February 1686. Knight's bridge chapel, Knight's-bridge.
52
7 Q
Lamb's

614
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
Lamb's chapel, Monkwell-ftreet.
Rampant-lion-yard, Nightingale-lane.
Lincolo’s-inn chapel, Chancery-lane.
Ryder's-court, near Leiceſter-fields.
Lock-hoſpital chapel, Southw.kr.
Saliſbury.ſtreet, Rotherhithe.
Long-acre, chapel, Long-acre.
St. Thomas, Southwark.
London-houſe chapel, Alderſgate-ſtreet.
Salcer's-hall, Swichin's-lane.
London Work-houſe chapel, Biſhopłgate-ftreet. Shakeſpear's-walk, Upper Shadwell.
Magdalen hoſpital chapel, Godman’s-fields. Silver ſtreet, Woodſtreer.
May-fair chapel, May-fair.
Spitalfields.
Marſhalſea Priſon chapel, Southwark.
Swallow-ſtreet, Piccadilly.
Mercers chapel, Cheapſide.
Windſor-court, Monkwell-ſtreet.
ftre
New chapel, Weſtminſter.
Newgate Priſon chapel.
Independent Meeting so
New-ſtreet chapel, Sc. Giles's in the Fields.
Owen’s Almſhouſe chapel, Iingion.
Berry-ſtreet meeting, St. Mary-Ax.
Oxenden chapel, near the Hay-market.
Boar'shead-yard, Petticoat-lane.
Oxford chapel, Mary-bon Fields.
Brick-bill-lane, Thames-ſtreer.
Palmer's hoſpital chapel, Weſtminſter.
Broad-ſtreet, near Old Gravel-lane.
Petticoat-lane chapel, Whitechapel.
Coachmaker's-hall, Noble-ſtreet.
Poultry Compter chapel.
Collier's-rents, White-ſtreet.
Queen-ſquare chapel, Weſtminſter.
Court yard, Barnaby.ſtreet, Southwark.
Queen-ſtreet chapel, Bloomſbury.
Criſpin-ſtreet, Spitalfields.
Ram's chapel, Homerton, Hackney.
Deadman's-place, Southwark.
Rolls chapel, Chancery-lane.
Hare.court, Alderſgate-ſtreet.
St. James's Palace chapel.
Jewin-ſtreet, Alderſgate-ſtreet.
St. John's chapel, Clerkenwell.
Lower-ſtreet, Illington, two meeting-houſes.
St. John's chapel near Red-lion-ſtreet,
Mare-ſtreet, Hackney,
St. Martin's Almſhouſe chapel, Hog-lane.
New Broad-ſtreet, Moorfields.
St. Thomas's Hoſpital chapel, Southwark. New-court, Carey-ftreer.
Sergeant-inn chapel, Chancery-lane.
Old Artillery-ground, Spitalfields.
Skinner's Almſhouſe chapel, Mile-end.
Orchard, Wapping,
Somerſet Houſe chapel.
Paved-alley, Lime-itreet.
Spring-garden chapel, Charing-crofs.
Pavement-row, Moorfields.
Staple's-inn chapel, Holbourn.
Pinners-hall, Broad-ſtreet.
Taviſtock chapel, Drury-lane.
Queen-ſtreet, Ratcliff.
Trinity Almſhoufe chapel, Mile-end
Queen-ſtreet, Rotherhithe.
Whitechapel priſon chapel.
Redcroſs-ſtreet, Barbican.
Wittington's college chapel, College-hill.
Ropemaker's-alley, Little Moorfields,
Wheeler's chapel, Spital.fields.
St. Michael's-lane, Cannon-ſtreet.
Woodftreet Compter chapel, Wood-ftreet. St. Saviour's Dock-head, Southwark.
Staining-lane, Maiden-lane.
Preſbyterian Meetings
Stepney-fields.
Turners-hall, Philpot-lane.
Bethnal green Meeting.
White-horn-yard, Duke's-place.
Broad-ſtreet, Wapping.
Zoar-ſtreet, Southwark.
Brook-houſe, Clapton.
Church-ſtreet, Hoxton,
Anabaptift Meetings.
Croſby-ſquare, Biſhopſgate-ſtreet.
Crowii-court, Ruſſel-ſtreet.
Angel-alley, Whitechapel.
Foundershall, Lothbury.
Artillery-ſtreet, Spitalfields.
Grafton-ftreet, Seven dials.
Brewers-hall, Addle-ftreet.
Gravel-lane, Houndſdicch.
Cherry Garden-lane, Rotherhithe.
Great St. Thomas Apoſtles.
Church-lane, Limehouſe.
Hanover-ſtreet, Long-acre.
Collier's-rents, White-ſtreet, Southwark.
King John's-court, Bermondſey.
Currier’-court, near Cripplegate.
King's Weigh-houſe, Little Eaſtcheap.
Devonſhire-ſquare, Biſhopſgate-ſtreet.
Leather-lane, Holbourn.
Dipping-alley, Horſelydown.
Little Carter-lane.
Duke-ſtreet, near Pepper-ſtreet.
Little St. Helen's, Biſhopſgate ſtreet.
Eagle-ſtreet, Red-lion-ſtreet, Holbourn.
Long Ditch, Weſtminſter.
Fair-ſtreet, Horſelydown.
Maiden-lane, Deadman’s-place.
Flower-de-luce-yard, Tooley-ſtreet.
Middleſex-court, Bartholomew Cloſe.
Glaſshouſe-ſtreet, Swallow-ſtreet.
Mourning-lane, Hackney.
Glaſshouſe-yard, Pickax-ſtreet.
New Broad-treet, London-wall.
Goat-yard paſſage, Horſelydown.
Near Nightingale-lane.
Johnſon's-ſtreet, Old Gravel-lane.
Old Jewry, Poultry.
Little Wild-ſtreet.
Pariſh-ſtreet, Horſelydown.
Maze-pond-ſtreet, Southwark.
Poor Jewry-lane.
Maiden-court, Great Eaſtcheap.
Queen-ftreet, near Cuckold's-point.
Mill-yard, Rag-fair.
New

HISTORY and S ÚŘ V É r of LONDON.
619
--
New Way, Maze, Southwark.
Sardinian Ambaſſad. chapel, Lincoln's-inn-fields.
Paul's-alley, Redcroſs-ſtreet.
Spaniſh Ambaſſador's chapel, Ormond-ſtreet,
Pennington-ftreet, Virginia (treet.
Venetian Ambaſſador's chapel, Suffolk-ſtreet.
Pepper-ſtreet, Southwark.
Roſemary-branch, Roſemary-lane.
French Chapels.
Roſe-lane, Limehouſe.
Rotherhithe.
Black-eagle ſtreet, Spital.fields.
St. John's-court, Little Hart-ſtreet.
Berwick-ſtreet, Old Soho.
Sheer’s-alley, White-ſtreet, Southwark.
Brown's lane, Spitalfields.
Snow-fields.
Caſtle-ftreet, Green-ſtreer.
Unicorn-yard, St. Olave's.
Criſpin's-ſtreet, Spital-fields.
Union-yard, Horſely down.
Friery, Pallmall.
Vinegar-row, Shoreditch.
Hog-lane, Soho.
Wood-ſtreet, near Cripplegate.
Little Chapel-ftreet, Old Soho.
Little Rider's-court, Little Newport-ſtreet.
Quaker's Meetings.
Mary-le-Bon.
Milk-alley, Wapping.
Brook-ftreet, Ratcliff.
Orange-ſtreet, Hedge-lane.
Devonſhire-ftreet, Biſhopſgate-ſtreet.
Petticoat-lane.
Ewer’s-ſtreet, Southwark.
St. John's-ſtreet, Swan-fields, Shoreditch.
Fair.ſtreet, Horſely down.
St. Martin's-lane, Cannon-ſtreet.
Little Almonry, Weſtminſter.
Savoy.
Quaker-ſtreet, Spitalfields.
Slaughter’s-ftreet, Swan-fields, Shoreditch.
Redcroſs-ſtreet, Southwark.
Spring-garden, Charing-croſs.
St. John's-lane:
Threadneedle-ſtreet.
Sandy's-court, Houndſditch.
Three Crown-court, Spitalfields.
Savoy in the Strand.
Weſt-ftreet, Soho
Wapping
White-hart-court, Gracechurch-ftreet.
German and other Chapels.
Work-houſe, Clerkenwell.
Daniſh chapel, Well-clofe ſquare.
Meetings and Chapels of other denominations. Dutch chapel, St. Auguſtin-friars.
Dutch chapel, in the Savoy.
French Ambaſſador's chapel, Greek-ſtreet, Soho: German chapel, in St. James's-palace.
French Prophets meeting, Clerkenwell.
German chapel, in the Savoy.
French Prophets meeting, Hatton-garden. German chapel, in Trinity-lane.
Imperial Ambaſſador's chapel, Hanover-ſquare. Ruſſian chapel, Exeter-Exchange-court, Strand.
Muggletonian meeting, Barnaby-ſtreer.
Sweediſh chapel, Prince's-ſquare, Ratcliff-hig'l-
Muggletonian meeting, Old-ſtreet fquare.
way.
Nonjuror's meeting, Alderſgate-ſtreet.
Nonjurors meeting, St. Giles's.
Fewiſh Synagogues.
Nonjurors meeting, Scroop's-court.
Oratory meeting, Lincoln’s-inn-fields.
Bevis Marks fynagogue, of Portugueſe Jews.
Popiſh meeting, Butler’s-alley, Grub-ftreet. Dukes-place fynagogue, of German Jews.
Portugueſe Ambaſſador's chapel, Golden-ſquare. Magpie-alley fynagogue, of German Jews.
C H A P T E R XXVII.
Containing an account of the principal towns and villages within that circumference of the
city of London called the Bill of Mortality ; with an ample deſcription of the public build-
ings, and other remarkables contained in each reſpective place.
As theſe towns and villages are diſperſed in various parts round this vaſt metropolis, we fall,
for the ſake of uniformity, digeſt them in alphabetical order. To effect which we begin with
the village of
B A T T E R S E A.
R$
HIS village is ſituate on the river
Thames, about four miles from London,
and the fame diſtance from Richinond.
The gardens about this ſpot are remarkable for
producing the fineſt aſparagus, · It gave the title
T
of baron to the late lord viſcount St. John, who
had a ſeat here, which is a plain old building.
And in this place Sir Walter St. John founded a
free ſchool for cwency boys.
BOW

616
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
worn.
rokoło B O W.
W.drill place now called Cuckold's Point, and alſo bes!
te | ftowing on him the whole hamlei, eſtabliſhed a
This village is fiçuate a little to the eaſt of. || fair, as a condition of his holding his new de-
Mile-end, and is likewiſe called Stratford le Bow. meſne, in which horns were both to be fold and
It received the name of Bow from the ſtone
A fermon is preached on the fair day in
arches of its bridge built over the river Lia, by the church, which is one of the handſomeſt in
Maud wife of Henry I. The church builo by the county, and was repaired by Sir Edward
Henry II. was originally a chapel of eale to Newton, barr, to whom king James I. granted
Stepney, but was lately made parechial. 'n this manor. This gentleman built his houſe ac
This village is inhabited by many whitfters and che entrance of the village. It is a long Gothic
ſcarlet dyers, and here has been fet up within ſtructure, with four turrets on the top; it has a
theſe few years a large manufactory of porcelain, || ſpacious court-yard in the front, with two large
which is brought to ſuch perfection as to be very Gothic piers to the gates, and on the outſide of
little inferior to that of China.
the wall is a long row of ſome of the oldeſt cy-
Here is an annual fair held on Thurſday, Fri preſs trees in England. Behind the houſe are
day and Saturday, in Whitſun week, for toys, large gardens, adjoining to which is a ſmall but
&c.
neat park. This houſe now belongs to the earl
of Egmont.
B R E N T F O R D.
On the edge of the hill, and at a ſmall diſtance
|| from the church, are two fine houſes, one of
This town, which is ſituate about eight miks . which was in the poffemon of the late governor
from London, received its name from a brook Hunter, and the other was erected by the late
called Brent, which runs through the weſt part lord Romney.
of the town, named Old Brentford, into the
Thames. As it is a great thoroughfare to the
CHELSE A.
weſt, it has a conſiderable trade, particularly in
corn, which is brought both by land and water. This is a very large and populous village, fi-
The church and market houſe ſtands in that part cuate on the banks of the Thames, about a mile
of the town called New Brentford. It has alſo to the weſtward of St. James's park.
two charity ſchools, though the church, which In this village there is a beautiful edifice for the
has been lately new built, is only a chapel to reception of old foldiers and invalids in the land
Great Eling. That part of it called Old Brent ſervice, called CHELSEA HOSPITAL, the ROYAL
ford is ſituate upon a fine riſing bank cloſe to the HOSPITAL, and ſometimes CHELSEA College.
Thames, directly oppoſite to which, on the other The original building on this ſpot was a college
ſide the river is Kew Green, which from hence founded by Dr. Suckliff, dean of Exeter, in the
appears to great advantage. ti" forjab annis | reign of king James I. for the ſtudy of Polemic
bordo danas || divinicy, and was endowed in order to ſupport a
B.R OM L E Y. .fbor || provoſt and fellows, for the inſtruction of youth
in that branch of learning. The king, who laid
In this village, which is ſituate near Bow, was che firſt ſtone, gave many of the materials, and
formerly a monaſtery. The great houſe here was promoted the work by a large ſum of money, and
built by Sir John Jacob, bart. cominiſſioner of the the clergy were very liberal upon the fanie occa-
cuſtoms at the reſtoration, and afterwards b-came fion; but the ſum ſeitled upon the foundation by
the fear of Sir William Benſon, ſheriff of London Dr. Sutkliff being far unequal to the end pro-
in the reign of queen Anne, the father to
poſed, the reſt was left to private contributions ;
Benſon, elq; auditor of the impreft, who ſome and theſe coming in nowly, the work was ſtop-
years ago fold it, with the manor and recory, to ped before it was finiſhed, and therefore foon fell
Mr. Lloyd, a gentleman of Wales.
to ruin. At length the ground on which the old
college was erected, becoming eſcheated to the
CH A RL TO N.
crown, Charles II. began to erect the preſent hof-
pital, which was carried on by James II, and
This village, which is very pleaſant and well completed by William and Mary.
built, is ſituate near Blackheath, and is remark The whole edifice, which was built by the
able for a fair held annually in its neighbourhood great Sir Chriſtopher Wren, conſiſts of a vaſt
on St. Luke's day. It is called Horn Fair, and range of buildings. The front toward the north
there are ſold at it ram's horns, horn toys, and opens into a piece of ground laid out in walks
wares of all ſorts. Of the origin of this fair tra for the penſioners; and that facing the ſouth, in-
dition gives us the following account. King to a garden which extends to the Thames, and is
John having a palace at Eltham, and being hun:- || kept in good order. This fide affords not only
ing near Charlton, then a mean hamlet, was ſe a view of that fine river, but of the county of
parated from his attendants ; when entering a Surry beyond it. In the center of this edifice is
cottage he admired the beauty of the miſtreſs, a pedinjene ſupported by four columns, over
whom he found alone, and debauched : her huſ. which is a handſome turret, and through this pare
band, however, ſuddenly returning, caught them is an opening which leads through the building.
in the fact, and threatening to kill them both, On one ſide of this entrance is the chapel, the
the king was forced to diſcover himſelf, and to furniture and place of which was given by king
purchaſe his fafety with gold, beſides which he James I. and on the other ſide is the hall, where
gave him all the land from thence as far as the all the penſioners dine in common, the officers
by
to William

Engraved for Chamberlain's History of London.
Hinn
DI
21
L
General“lim of RANELAGU
RANELAGH Gardens.
HOGY
MOD
Qui
Berum
ite
A. Smith South
Viena Vaux-Halı Gardens .

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
6i
by themſelves. In this hall is the picture of king vernor two hundred and fifty pounds; and the
Charles II. on horſeback, with ſeveral other major one hundred and fifty pounds. Thirty-
pieces as big as the life, deſigned by Signior Vario, fix officers are allowed fix-pence a day; thirty-
and finiſhed by Mr. Cook. Theſe were preſent four light horſemen, and thirty ſerjeants, have
ed by the earl of Ranelagh. The pavement of two ſhillings a week each ; forty-eight corporals
both the chapel and hall are black and white mar. and drums have ten-pence per week; and
ble. The altar-piece in the chapel is the reſur three hundred and thirty-ſix private men, are each
rection, painted by Sebaſtian Ricci.
allowed eight-pence a week. As the houſe is
The wings, which extend eaſt and weſt, join called a garriſon, all the members are obliged
the chapel and hall to the north, and are open to do duty in their reſpective turns ; and they
towards the Thames, on the fouth : theſe are have prayers cwice a day in the chapel, performed
near three hundred and ſixty feet in length, and by two chaplains, who have each a ſalary of one
about eighty in breadth ; they are three ſtories hundred pounds a year. The phyſician, ſecretary,
high, and the rooms are ſo well diſpoſed, and the comptroller, deputy treaſurer, fteward, and ſur-
air ſo happily thrown in by means of the open geon, have alſo each one hundred pounds per
ſpaces, that nothing can be more pleaſant. On annum, and many other officers have conſiderable
the front of this ſquare is a colonade extending || ſalaries. As to the out-penſioners, who amount to
along the ſide of the hall and chapel, over which, between eight and nine thouſand, they have each
upon the cornice, is the following inſcription in ſeven pounds twelve ſhillings and ſix-penice a
capitals :
year:
Theſe great expences are ſupported by a pound-
In fubfidium et levamen emeritorum fenio, bello age deducted out of the pay of the army, with
que fra&torum, condidit CAROLUS II. Auxit one day's pay once a year from each officer and
JACOBUS II. Perfecere GULIELMUS et MA common foldier; and when there is any defici-
RIA, Rex et Regina, MDCXC.
ency, it is ſupplied by a ſum raiſed by parliament.
This hoſpital is governed by the following com-
And in the midſt of the quadrangle is the ſtatue miſſioners; the preſident of the council, the firſt
of king Charles II. in che ancient Roman dreſs, commiſſioner of the treaſury, the principal ſecre-
fomewhat bigger than the life, ſtanding upon a tary of ſtate, the paymaſter general of the forces,
marble pedeſtal. This was given by Mr. Tobias the ſecretary at war, the comptrollers of the ar-
Ruſtat, and is ſaid to have coſt him five hundred my, and by the governor and lieutenant governor
pounds.
of the hoſpital.out.
There are ſeveral other buildings adjoining, - Beſides this hoſpital, there is at Chelſea, a
that form two other large ſquares, and conſiſt of phyſic-garden belonging to the apothecaries com-
apartments for the officers and ſervants of the pany. It contains almoſt four acres, and is en-
houſe, for old maimedofficers of horſe and foor, riched with a vaſt variety of plants, both domeſ-
and the infirmary for the ſick.
tic and exotic. This garden was given to the
An air of neatneſs and elegance is obſervable || apothecaries company by Sir Hans Sloane, bart.
in all theſe buildings. They are compoſed of on condition of their paying a quit-rent of five
brick and ſtone, and which way foever they are pounds a year, and delivering annually to the
viewed, there appears ſuch a diſpoſition of the preſident and fellows of the Royal Society, at
parts as is beſt ſuited to the purpoſes of the cha one of their public, meetings, fifty ſpecimens of
rity, the reception of a great number, and the different forts of plants, well cured, and of the
providing them with every thing that can contri- || growth of this garden, till the number of speci-
bute to the convenience and pleaſure of the pen mens amount to two thouſand.
fioners.
In this village is alſo a celebrated place of pub-
Chelſea Hoſpital is more particularly 'remark lic reſort, called RANELAGH GARDENS, from
able for its great regularity and proper fubordina their formerly belonging to the earl of Ranelagh.
tion of parts, which is very apparent in the
This is one of thoſe public places of pleaſure,
north front. The middle is very principal, and which is not to be equalled in Europe, and is the
the tranſition from thence to the extremities, 'is reſort of people of the firſt quality. Though its
very eaſy and delightful.
gardens are beautiful, it is nore to be admired
The expence of erecting theſe buildings is for the amphitheatre. This is a circular building,
computed to amount to one hundred and fifty the external diameter is one hundred and eighty-
thouſand pounds, and the extent of the ground five feet: round the whole is an arcade, and over
is above forty acres.
that a gallery with a baluſtrade (to admit the
In the wings are ſixteen wards, in which are company into the upper boxes) except where the
accommodations for above four hundred men, entrances break the continuity. Over this are
and there are beſides in the other buildings, a the windows, and it terminates with the roof.
conſiderable number of apartments for officers The internal diameter is one hundred and fifty
and ſervants.
feet, and the architecture of the inſide corre-
Theſe penſioners conſiſt of ſuperannuated vete ſponds with the outſide, except that over every
rans, who have been at leaſt twenty years in the column, between the windows, termini ſupport
army; or thoſe ſoldiers who are diſabled in the the roof. In the middle of the area, where the
ſervice of the crown. They wear red coats lined orcheſtra was at Gift deſigned, is á chimney have
with blue, and are provided with all ocher cloachs, || ing four faces. This makes it warm and com-
diet, waſhing and lodging. The governor has fortable in bad weather. The orcheſtra fills up
five hundred pounds a year, the lieutenant-go. che place of one of the entrances,
The enter-
52
tainment
7 R

618
r
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.-
tainment conſiſts of a fine band of muſic, with Apollo and Daphne, ditto.
an organ, accompanied by the beſt voices. The Lewis XIII. Fred. Elde.
regale is tea and coffee.
In this village likewiſe is a uſeful engine called
Red Velvet Room.
Chelsea WATERWORKS, the management of
which is inveſted in a ſociecy, who were incorpo-
Madonna della Roſa, by Domenichino.
rated by act of parliament in the year 1722, by Noah ſacrificing, Carlo Maratdi.
the name of “The governor and company of Painting and deſigning, Guido Rheni.
C6 the Chelſea waterworks.” They have a com The Holy Family, Carlo Maratti.
mon feal, and power to purchaſe lands, &c. in King Charles I. Cornelius Johnſon.
mortmain to the value of 1oool. per annum, with Pope Innocent IX. Diego Velaſques.
a right to alienate and diſpoſe of the ſame as they St. Gregorio, Cavidoni.
ſhall think proper. The works are divided into Pope Clement IX. Carlo Maratti.
two thouſand ſhares; and a governor, deputy The Holy Family, Giacinto Brandi.
governor, and thirteen directors are appointed to Another, Salviati.
conduct the buſineſs of the company.
Dutcheſs of Somerſet, Vandyke.
Bacchus and Ariadne, Sebaſtiano Ricci.
CHE S WICK.
A woman, ſchool of Rubens.
Three ſtatues, chiaro oſcuro, Nic. Pouſſin. Hurts
In this village which is ſituate on the north A man, ſchool of Rubens.
bank of the Thames, about four miles from Lon Venus and Cupid, Seb. Ricci.
don, are two manors, one belonging to the pre St. John in the wilderneſs, Franc. Mola.
bendary of Cheſwick in St. Paul's cathedral, and A portrait, Langians.
the other called the dean's manor, from belonging Firſt counteſs of Burlington, Vandyke.
to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's.
Cardinal Baronius, Frederico Barrocci.
The moſt remarkable building in this place is A portrait, Rembrandt.
the houſe of the late earl of Burlington, which Mr. Killegrew, Vandyke.
was originally very plain but commodious, with Firſt earl of Burlington, Vandyke.
good offices about it; but a part of the old edi Salmaſis and Hermaphroditus, Franciſco Al-
fice being ſome years ago deſtroyed by fire, his
bano,
lordſhip erected near it a beautiful villa, which, The holy family, Andrea del Sarto.
for elegance of taſte, furpaſſes every thing of its Mary queen of Scotland, Fred. Zucchero.
kind. The court in the front, which is of a pro The holy family, Pietro da Cortona.
portionable ſize with the building, is very neatly The proceſſion of the Dogeffe, Paolo Vero-
gravelled. On each ſide are yew hedges in 'pan-
neſe.
nels, with termini placed at a proper diſtance ;
and in the front of theſe hedges are two rows of
Bronzes.
cedars of Libanus, which at a ſmall diſtance have
a fine effect. The aſcent to the houſe is by a
A young Hercules.
noble flight of ſteps, on one ſide of which is the Three pictures of incenſe lamps, Benvenuto
ftatue of Palladio, and on the other that of Inigo Celini.
Jones. The portico is fupported by ſix fine fluted
columns of the Corinthian order, with a pedi-
Blue Velvet Room.
ment; and the cornice, frize and architrave are
very elegant.
A chymiſt's ſhop, by David Teniers.
Though the other front towards the garden is A landſcape and figures, Franc. Mola.
plainer, yet it is in a very bold, noble and A landſcape and figures, Gaſpar Pouſſin.
maſterly ſtile, and has at the ſame time a pleaſing A Magdalen's head Guido Rheni.
fimplicity, as hath alſo the ſide front towards the A landſcape with figures hawking, Wover-
Serpentine river, which is different from the other
The inſide of this ſtructure is finiſhed with A landſcape and figures, Franc. Mola,
the utmoſt elegance; the ceilings are richly gilt A landſcape and figures, Gaſp. Pouſſin.
and painted, and the rooms adorned with the fol A march, Bourgognone,
lowing pictures executed by the beſt maſters. The paſſage of the Red Sea, ditto.
The jeſuits church at Antwerp, Geringh.alons
Pixtures in the Saloon.
A landſcape and figures, Bott,
A landſcape, Gaſpar Pouſſin,
Lord Burlington and three of his fifters, Eliza Another, ditto.
beth, Juliana and Jane, by Sir Godfrey Another, with horfemen, Vander Meulen. Die
v Kneller.
Another, Bott.
Rape of Proferpine, Sconians.
Lord Sandwich in a round, Sir Peter Lely.
Anne of Auſtria, Frederick Elde.
A woman frying fritters, Schaliken.
Morocco ambaſſador in the reign of king Charles The holy family, Carlo Maratti.
:II. figure by Sir Godfrey Kneller ; the back A tent, Wovermans.
ground and horſe, by Wyke.
A landſcape with figures, Phill. Lawra.
King Charles, his queen, and two children, The flight into Egypt, Nicolo Pouſſin. di
GR Vandyke.
A ferry boat and cattle, Berchem.
Judgment of Paris, Cav. Daniele. A woman feeding children, Schaliken.nuit in
The
mans.
two.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
619
The holy family, Andrea Sacchi.
Tas
A landſcape with fiſhermen, Salvator Roſa.
Ditto, Camillo Procacini.
Beliſarius, Vandyke.
Inigo Jones in a round, Dobſon.
Earl of Pembroke and his fiſter, Vandyke.
Red Cloſet next the Blue Room.
Lot and his two daughters, Rottenhamer.
A landſcape and ruins, Viviano, the figures by
Mich. Angelo.
Jupiter and Io, Franceſco Imperiali.
Spaniſh lady, D. Velaſques.
Fiſhermen, Rubens.
The preſentation, Giuſeppi Chiari
A man hawking, Inigo Jones.
A ſea-port, Marco Ricci.
A landſcape, Velvet Brughel.
A Flora, Franceſco Albano.
Temptation of St. Antonio, Annibale Caracci.
A landſcape, Patel.
Lady Dorothy Boyle, lady Burlington
A landſcape, Velvet Brughel.
The Holy Family, Sebaſtian Bourdon.
The inſide of a church, Perino del Vaga.
A ſea-piece, Vandervelde.
A landſcape, Marco Ricci.
Chriſt in the garden.
The Holy Family, Schidoni.
A crucifixion of a ſaint, Seb. Bourdon.
A landſcape, Ryfdal.
The Holy Family, Denis Calvert.
The Samaritan woman, Paolo Veroneſe.
A boy's head, Holbein.
Cleopatra, Leonardo da Vinci.
A landſcape, Swanevelt.
The Holy Family, Paffari.
Earl of Effex.
A portrait, Fran. Hals.
Inſide of a church, Vandyke.
A landſcape, Gaſpar Pouſſin.
A man and vaſes, Benedetto Caſtiglione.
A landſcape, Franciſque Meli.
The new dining Room.
Twelfth night, Jordans.
The finding of Moſes, Seb. Ricci.
Jepchah, Seb. Ricci.
Good Samaritan, Giacomo Baflan,
A flower-piece, Baptiſte.
Ditto, ditto.
GOE;
Ditto, ditro.
A portrait, Rubens.
Ditto, unknown.
Buildings and cattle, Wenix:
Firſt lady Halifax, Sir Peter Lely.
The marriage of Cupid, &c. Andrea Schiavone.
A landſcape, Gio Franceſco Bologneſe.
Mars and Venus, Le Fevre.
A landſcape, Gio. Franceſco Bologneſe.
A Madona, Parmegiano.
Woman taken in adultery, Alleſandro (Veroneſe.
Liberality and Modeſty, after Guido.
Bed Chamber.
Lady Burlington in a round, Aikman.
Earl of Cumberland in a round.
Mr. Pope in a round, Kent.
Cloſet within the Bedchamber.ocabo
ton.
Green Velvet Room.
Lord Clifford and his family, painted in 1444 by
John Van Eyk, called John of Bruges.
A Woman in a hat, Blomaert.
Lady Dorothy Boyle, in crayons, lady Burling-
BE
Henry IV. of France, Moſaic.
A head, a ſketch, Vandyke. i locke vote toca
Ditto, ditto.
Edito
Flowers upon glaſs, Baptiſte.
11
A woman felling fiſh and herbs.
Hagar and the angel.
A boy's head.
A man's head.
A woman combing her head.
A ſatyr whipping a woman,
A head, Holbein.
A Venus, ſleeping.
Dutch figures.
A man reading
10
The aſcenſion, Albano.
gosto
Mars and Venus, Albano.
Acis and Galatea. Luca Giordano.
Conftantine's arch, Gio. Paolo Panini.
Romulus and Remus, Pietro da Cortona.
A woman bathing, Rouſſeau.
Mr. Rogers, Vandyke.
Our Saviour in the garden, Guercino.
A man half length, with a dog, Dobſon.
Rembrandt in his painting room, Gerrard Dow.
Ruins, Viviano.
A view of Florence, Gaſparo Degli Occhiale.
Diana and Endymion, Sebaſtiano Ricci.
Flowers by Baptiſte the boy, Seb. Ricci.
Ponte Rotto, Gaſparo degli Occhiale.
The Holy Family, Franceſco Mola.
A landſcape, Mons. Verton.
Buildings, Rouſſeau.
A Magdalen, Carlo Maratii, from Guido.
A man half length, Rembrandt.
A Madona and St. Cacharine, Pierto da Cortona.
The Jews ſcourging Our Saviour, Giacomo Baſ-
fano.
Piazza del Popolo, Gafparo degli Occhiale.
Having thus deſcribed the paintings within this
beautiful ſtructure, we ſhall now proceed to the
gardens, which are laid out in the moſt elegant
taſte.
On deſcending from the back part of the houſe,
you enter a verdant lawn planted with clumps of
evergreen, between which are two rows of large
ſtone vaſes. At each end next the houſe are two
wolves in ſtone, done by that celebrated ſtatuary
Scheemaker. At the farther end are two large
lions, and the view is terminated by three fine an.
tique ftatues, dug up in Adrian's garden at Rome,
with ſtone feats between them.
On

620
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
from London, in the county of Kent, was pa"
lace built by Anthony Beck, bihop of Durham,
who beſtowed it upon queen Eleanor, the wife
of Edward I. King Edward II. conſtantly re-
ſided in this place, and his ſon being born here,
was on that account called John of Eltham. The
palace was afterwards much enlarged by the ſuc-
ceeding kings, who when the court was kept at
Greenwich often retired hither; and here were
made the ſtatures of Elcham, by which the king's
houſe is ſtill governed. At this time, however, there
are no traces of the palace left. The town has
the honour of giving the title of earl to the prince
of Wales; and there are here ſeveral houſes be-
longing to wealthy citizens, and two charity
ſchools.
On the right hand, turning to the houſe, is an
open grove of trees, which affords a view of the
orangery, that is ſeen as perfectly as if the trees
were planted on the lawn ; and when they are in
flower their fragrance is diffuſed over the whole
place, even to the houſe,
Leaving the houſe to the left, an eaſy nope
covered with ſhori graſs takes you down to the
ſerpentine river, on the ſide whereof are clumps
of evergreens, with agreeable breaks, between
which the water is ſeen ; and at the farther end
is an opening into an incloſure, where are a Ro-
man temple, and an obeliſk, with graſs Nopes,
and in the middle a circular piece of water.
You are led from hence to the wilderneſs,
through which are three ſtrait avenues terminated
by three different edifices; and within the quar-
ters are ſerpentine walks, chrough which you
may ramble near a mile in the ſhade. On each
ſide the ferpentine river are verdant walks, which
accompany the river in all its turnings. On the
right hand of this river is a building that is the
exact model of the portico of the church of Co-
vent Garden; on the left is a wilderneſs laid out
in regular walks, and in the middle, acroſs the
river, is a Palladian wooden bridge.
Beſides this beautiful building, there are ſeve-
ral other very elegant feats in this village ; as the
earl of Shrewſbury's, the earl of Grantham’s,
now colonel Elliot's, and the late lord Wilming.
ton's, &c. Here is likewiſe a very good charity
ſchool.
FU L H A M.
This village is ſituate on the banks of the
Thames, about four miles from London. The
Danes encamped here in the year 879, and the
place was held of the king by the canons of St.
Paul's in the time of William the Conqueror.
It is now only remarkable for ſeveral gentlemen's
ſeats, beſides a palace of the biſhop of London,
who uſes it in ſummer; and for a wooden bridge
over the Thames to Putney, where coll is not
only taken for horſes and carriages, but likewiſe
for foot paſſengers.
H A C K N E Y.
DUL WICH.
This is a very pleaſant village, ſituate about
five miles from London, where there is a ſpring
of exceeding good mineral water, which, princi-
pally ſupplies this city, and in particular St. Bar-
tholomew's hoſpital.
Oppoſite the Green Man, a noted houſe for
entertainment, is a fine afcending walk through
the woods, which affords from its top a very no-
ble proſpect; but this is much exceeded by a hill
behind the houſe, where from under a tree dis-
tinguiſhed by the name of “ The Oak of Ho-
nour,” you have a view as in a fine piece of
painting, of the houſes as well as churches, and
other public edifices, from Putney down to Chel-
ſea, with all the adjacent villages, together with
Weſtminſter, London, Deptford, Greenwich, &c.
The principal building in this village is the
college, the foundation and preſent ſtate of which
the reader will find in p. 222. The original edi-
fice is in the old taſte ; but part of it has been
lately pulled down and rebuilt with greater ele-
gance. The maſter's rooms are richly adorned
with very noble old furniture, which he is obliged
to purchaſe on his entering into that ſtation ; and
for his uſe there is a library, to which every maf-
ter adds a number of books, The college is
alſo accommodated with a very pleaſant garden,
adorned with walks, and a great number of flow-
ers and fruit-crees.
This is a very large and populous village, fitu-
ate on the north-eaſt ſide of London. The pa-
riſh has ſeveral hamlets belonging to it, among
which are Clapton on the north, Dorleſton and
Shacklewell on the weſt, and Hummercon on the
eaſt.
The church belonging to this village was a dif-
tinct rectory and vicarage in the year 1292, and
dedicated to St. Auguſtine ; but the knights
templars having obtained a mill and other poffef-
fions in the pariſh, they were, upon the ſuppreſ-
fion of their order, granted to the knights tem-
plars of St. John of Jeruſalem, from whom the
church is ſuppoſed to have received the preſent
appellation of St. John. However, it was not
preſented to by that name till after the year 1660,
It is in the gift of Mr. Tyſon, lord of the ma-
nor, but in ecclefiaftical affairs is ſubject to che
biſhop of London. The veſtry, which is ſelect,
confifts of thirty-ſeven members; and the officers
are, two churchwardens, two overſeers of the
poor, three conftables, ten headboroughs, wo
ſurveyors of the highways, and one beadle.
This village being anciently celebrated for the
numerous ſeats of the nobility and gentry, occa-
fioned a great reſort thither of perſons of all con-
ditions from the city of London; whereby ſo
great a number of horſes were daily hired in the
city on that account, that at length all horſes to
be let received the common appellation of Hack-
ney horſes; which denomination has ſince com-
municated itſelf both to public coaches and chairs.
And though chis place is deſerted by the nobility,
yet it ſo greatly abounds with merchants and
other perſons of diſtinction, that it excels all
other
E L T H A M.
In this cown, which is ſituate about ſeven miles,

Engraved for Chamberlain's Hiftory of London).
O
Alet
!
.داروئی
with
ام المون، در
View of the Parish CHURCH of Stoke/ Newington).
V
wose,
w
View of the Church of SIJOHN at Hackney.
WYN)
Vew of the Church of St Mathew at Bethnal Green

Songewoved for Chamberlains History of London
rin
View of Part of the) Tonn/ of FULHAM and the
Bridge.
Us
MITTIT
View ofoj Arch-Bishop's Palace & ST Mary's Church Lambeth.

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
621
other villages in the kingdom in the riches and Between this village and the town of Brent-
opulency of its inhabitants, as may be judged || ford, ſtands a handſome building called Sion
from the great number of perſons who keep car House, one of the ſeats of the right honourable
riages therein.
the duke and dutcheſs of Northumberland. Ic
In this village are two meeting houſes, viz. a received the name of Sion froin a monaſtery which
preſbyterian meeting near the church, and an in was founded by Henry V. in the year 1414, very
dependent meeting in Mare ſtreet; beſides a near the place where the houſe now ſtands, and
preſbyterian meeting houſe at Clapton. Here was endowed with 1000 marks per annum, for
are allo fix boarding Ichools, a free ſchool, a cha the maintenance of fixcy nuns. It was dedicated
rity ſchool, and ſeveral alms-houſes,
to St. Saviour and St. Bridget; from the latter
At the bottom of Hackney Marſh there have of whom the nuns were called Brigettines, and
been diſcovered within theſe few years the remains were of the order of Auguſtines, as reformed by
of a great ſtone cauſeway, which, by the coins ſome new regulations made by the aforeſaid
found there, appears to have been one of the Bridget.
famous highways made by the Romans.
This monaſtery was almoſt one of the firſt that
was ſuppreſſed by Henry VIII. perhaps not on
H A M P S T E A D.
account of any great irregularities of behaviour
which had been diſcovered in it by the viſitors,
This village is ſituate near the top of a hill but becauſe the members of that fociety had been
about four miles on the north-weſt ſide of Lon- || remarkably favourable to the king's declared ene-
don. On the ſummit of this hill is a heath, which mies, and particularly to the maid of Kent; for
is adorned with many handſome houſes, and ex ſhe met with a very kind reception amongſt
tends about a mile every way, affording a moſt them, and ſo far excited the curioſity of the
beautiful proſpect over the city as far as Shooter's neighbourhood, as to induce the famous Sir
hill, and into the counties around it. This vil. Thomas More to have two private conferences
lage uſed to be formerly reſorted to for its mine with her at this very place.
ral waters; and there is here a fine aſſembly room When the monaſtery was ſuppreffed, its reve-
for dancing Its old ruinous church, which was nues amounted to one thouſand nine hundred and
a chapel belonging to the lord of the manor, was forty-four pounds, eleven ſhillings and eleven-
ſome few years ago taken down, and a new one pence three farthings; and on account of its
erected in its ſtead: beſides which, there is a fine ſituation, it was not ſold nor given immedi-
handſome chapel near the wells, built by the | ately to any coure-favourite, but appropriated to
contribution of the inhabitants, who are princi the king's own uſe, And accordingly we find,
pally citizens and merchants of London.
that when the corpſe of Henry VIII. was to be
renoved from Weſtminſter to Windſor to be in-
HIGH G A T E.
terred, it lay the firſt night, not at Richmond,
as is commonly ſuppoſed, but at Sion ; which by
This is a very large and populous village, ſitu this means became the ſcene in which a prophecy
ate about four miles north of London. It receiv. was ſuppoſed to be fulfilled. For father Peto,
ed its name from its high ſituation on the top of preaching before the king at Greenwich in 1534,
a hill, and a gate erected there about four hun told him, that the dogs would lick his blood as
dred years ago, to receive toll for the biſhop of they had done Ahab's. Now, as the king died
London ; upon an old miry road from Grays-inn of a dropſical diſorder, and had been dead a
co Barnet being turned through that biſhop's || fortnight before he was removed to Sion, it ſo
park. The gate, however, has been very lately || happened, that ſome corrupted matter of a
taken down, and the road laid entirely open. bloody colour ran through the coffin at thac
The church, which is a very old edifice, is a place. Whereupon the incident, though a natu.
chapel of eaſe to Pancras and Hornſey; and ral conſequence of the aforeſaid circumſtances,
where it ſtands was formerly an hermitage, near was miſconſtrued into a completion of Peto's pre-
which the lord chief baron Cholmondely built tended prophecy, and conſidered as a piece of
and endowed a free-ſchool in 1562, which was divine juſtice inflicted upon the king for having
enlarged in the year 1570, by Edwin Sandys, forced the Bridgettines from their religious fanc-
biſhop of London, and a chapel added to it. tuary. In the next reign the monaſtery was given
On that ſide of this village next London, the || by the king to his uncle the duke of Somerſet,
fineneſs of the proſpect over the city, as far as the protector, who in 1547 (as is generally ſup-
Shooter's-hill, and below Greenwich, has occa poſed) began to build Sion-Houſe, and finiſhed
fioned feveral handſome edifices to be built ; the ſhell of it, as it now remains, except a few
among which is a very fine houſe erected by the
crifling alterations.
late Sir William Aſhurſt. Here are likewiſe ſe The houſe is built on the very ſpot where the
veral diffenting meeting houſes.
church belonging to the monaſtery formerly
ſtood, and is a very large, venerable, and ma-
ISLEWORTH or THISTLEWORTH. jeſtic ftructure, built of whice ſtone, in the form
of a hollow ſquare, ſo that it has four external
In this village, which is pleaſantly ſituated on and as many internal fronts : the latter of which
the Thames oppoſite to Richmond, are two cha ſurround a ſquare front in the middle. The roof
rity ſchools; and in its neighbourhood are che is flat, covered with lead, and ſurrounded with
feats of ſeveral perſons of distinction.
indented barclements, like the walls of a fortified
53
city.
7 S

622
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
city. Upon every one of the four outward an In the year 1646 the dukes of York and Glou-
gles of the roof, there is a ſquare turret, flat cefter, and the princeſs Elizabeth, were ſent him
roofed, and embattled like the other parts of the cher by an order of the parliament, and, accord-
building. The houſe is three ſtories high, and ing to lord Clarendon, were treated by the earl
the eaſt front, which faces the Thames, is ſup and counteſs of Northumberland in all reſpects
ported by arches, forming a piazza. The gar as was moſt ſuitable to their birth. The unhappy
dens formed two ſquare areas, incloſed with high king frequently viſited them at Sion in 1647, and
walls before the eaſt and weſt fronts, and were thought it a great allevation of his misfortunes to
laid out and finiſhed in a very grand manner; find his children ſo happy in their confinement.
but being made at a time when extenſive views The duke of Glouceſter and the princeſs Eliza-
were judged to be inconfiftent with that folemn beth, continued at Sion till 1649, ae which time
reſerve and ſtately privacy affected by the great, the earl reſigned them to the care of his fifter the
chey were ſo ſicuated as to deprive the houſe of counteſs of Leiceſter. In 1682, Charles duke
every beautiful proſpect which the neighbour of Somerſet married the lady Elizabeth Percy, the
hood afforded. None of them at leaſt could be only daughter and heireſs of Joſceline earl of
ſeen from the lower apartments. To remedy in Northumberland, by which means Sion, and the
ſome meaſure that inconvenience, the protector
immenſe eſtate of the Percies, became his grace's
built a very high triangular terrace in the angle property. The duke and dutcheſs lent this houſe
between the walls of the two gardens; and this ac Sion to the princeſs of Denmark, who honour-
it was that his enemies afterwards did not fcruple ed it with her reſidence during the time of a mil-
to call a fortification, and to inſinuate that it was underſtanding which aroſe between her royal high-
one proof, amongſt many others, which they neſs and her ſiſter.
alledged of his having formed a deſign very dan On the death of Charles duke of Somerſet,
gerous to the liberties of the king and people. Algernon earl of Hertford, his only ſurviving
Such was the ſtate of the gardens as finiſhed by ſon, ſucceeded to the title and a vaſt eſtate, and
the protector. After his attainder and execution foon after gave Sion to his daughter and fon-in-
on the twenty-ſecond of January 1552, Sion was law, the preſent dutcheſs and duke of Northum-
confiſcated to the crown. Whereupon the furni berland, to whoſe fine taſte and liberality are ow-
ture of the apartments, in which the duke had ing the many and great improvements which have
lived, (and they were probably a part of the old been made ſince that time.
monaſtery) were given to Sir John Wroth the It has been already obſerved, that the old gar-
keeper, and the new houſe, that is, the preſent dens were indeed very grand and magnificent, ac-
houſe at Sion, to the duke of Northumberland, cording to the faſhion of the age in which they
which then became the reſidence of his ſon, the were made, but, in confequence of the taſte that
lord Guildford, and his daughter-in-law, the un then prevailed, they deprived the lower apart-
fortunate Jane Grey. The duke being beheaded ments of almoſt every advantage of proſpect,
on the [wenty-ſecond of Auguſt, 1553, Sion which the fine ſituation of Sion houſe naturally
houſe once niore reverted to the crown. Three affords. To make the neceſſary alterations, re-
years after this, queen Mary reſtored it to the quired nothing leſs than his Grace's generoſity:
Bridgettines ; and it remained in their poſſeſſion | Accordingly, the high triangular terrace, which
until the ſociety was expelled by queen Elizabeth the protector had raiſed at a great expence, was
in the firſt year of her reign. Such of the nuns removed, the walls of the old garden were taken
as perſiſted in their errors carried away their port down, and the ground before the houſe levelled,
able treaſure, and ſettled ſucceſſively at Zurick and it now forms a fine lawn, extending from
zee in Zealand, at Mechlin, Roan; and laſtly Ineworth to Brentford. By theſe means alſo a
at Liſbon, where the ſociety ſtill ſubfifts.
beautiful proſpect is opened into the king's gar-
Some years after this ſecond diffolution, which dens ac Richmond, as well as up and down che
Sion had undergone as a monaſtery, it was grant Thames. Towards the Thames the lawn is
ed, by a leaſe of a long term, to Henry, earl of bounded by an ha-ha, and a meadow; which his
Northumberland, who, in conſideration of his lordſhip ordered to be cut down into a gentle ſlope,
eminent fervices to the government, was permit-
ſo that the ſurface of the water may now be ſeen
ted to enjoy it by paying a very ſmall rent as an even from the loweſt apartments, and the gar-
acknowledgement. This acknowledgment, how dens. In conſequence of theſe improvements,
ever, was entirely laid aſide by James I. who, the moſt beautiful piece of ſcenery imaginable is
conſidering his lordſhip no longer as a tenant,
formed before two of the principal fronts ; for
gave Sion to him and his heirs for ever. Many even the Thames itſelf feems to belong to the
improvements were made in his time; for it ap garden, and the different ſorts of veſſels, which
pears from one of his lordſhip’s letters to the king | ſucceſſively fail as it were through them, appear
in 1613, that he had laid our goool. in the houſe to be the property of their noble proprietor.
and gardens, which fum was probably expended The houſe ſtands nearly in the middle point of
in finiſhing them according to the protector's that ſide of the lawn, which is the fartheſt from
plan. His ſon Algernon, afterwards appointed the Thames, and communicates with Ineworth
lord high admiral of England, ſucceeded to the and Brentford, either by means of the lawn or a
eſtate in November 1632. He employed Inigo fine gravel walk, which in ſome places runs along
Jones, to new face the inner court, to make ma che ſide, and in others through the middle of a
ny alterations in the apartments, and to finiſh beautiful ſhrubbery; ſo that even in the moſt re-
the great hall in the manner in which it appears tired parts of this charming maze, where the
at preſent.
proſpect is moſt confined, almoft the whole ve-
getable

Engraved for Chamberlainis History of Londom).
IT
WHEN
A4
HHHHHHHHHHH
1h
1/11)
ALPHLAPCI
Team
Vienve STMary's Church bin of SIJames's Church View of STLUKE'S
STLUKE's Church
Iſlington
Old Mreet.

HISTORT and SUR Ñ EP of LONDON623
:
:
getable world riſes up as it were in miniature || church-yard; and the door in the front is adorn-
around you, and preſents you with every foreign ed with a portico, which conſiſts of a dome ſup-
Ihrub, plant, and Aower, which can be adopted || ported by four Doric columns ; but both the
by the ſoil of this climate. His lord ſhip has not door and the portico appear too ſmall for the reſt
only thus improved the ground where the old of the building. The ſteeple conſiſts of a tower,
gardens ſtood, but has alſo made a very large which riſes ſquare to a conſiderable height, termi-
addition to it, and ſeparated the two parts, by nated by a cernice ſupporting four vaſes, at the
making a new ferpentine river. It communicates corners. Upon this part is placed an octangu-
with the Thames, is well reſtored with all ſorts of lar baluſtrade, from within which riſes the baſe
river fiſh, and can be emptied and filled by means of the dome in the ſame form, fupporting Co-
of a ſluice, which is ſo contrived as to admit the rinthian columns with their ſhafts wrought with
fiſh into the New River, but to prevent their re ruſtic. Upon theſe reſts the dome, and from its
turning back again into the Thames.
crown riſes the ſpire, which is terminated by a
His grace has alſo built two bridges, which form ball and its fane. Though the body of the
a communication between the two gardens; and church is very large, the roof is ſupported with-
has erected in chat, which lies near Brentford, a out pillars, and the inſide is extremely commo.
ſtately Doric column, upon the top of which is dious, and very neatly ornamented.
a fine proportioned ftatue of Flora, ſo judiciouſly The veftry is general; and the pariſh officers
placed as to command as it were a diſtinct view are, three churchwardens, four overſeers of the
of the ſituation over which ſhe is ſuppoſed to poor, lix conftables, ſeven headboroughs, three
preſide.
ſurveyors of the highways, and one beadle.
At a proper diſtance from the houſe are the This pariſh is very extenſive, and includes Up-
kitchen gardens, which are very large, and con per and Lower Holloway, three ſides of New-
tain every ching, as an hoc houſe, fire-walls, &c. ington Green, and part of Kingſland. There
The greenhouſe is a very neat building with a Go are in Illington two independent meeting-houſes,
thic front, the back and end walls of which are and a charity-ſchool, founded by dame Alice
the only remains of the old monaſtery.
Owen, for educating thirty children. This foun-
This building ſtands near a circular baſon of | dation, together with that of a row of alms.
water, well ftored with gold and ſilver fiſh ; and in houſes, are under the care of the Brewers com-
the middle of the baſon is a ſpouting fountain, pany. There is here alſo a ſpring of chalybeat
which is well ſupplied, and kept perpetually water in a very pleaſant garden, which for fome
playing
years was honoured by the conſtant attendance of
Before we leave the deſcription of this beauti the princeſs Amelia, and many perſons of qua-
ful ſtructure, we cannot help taking notice of the lity, who drank the waters. To this place, which
great gallery, which extends the whole length of is called New Tunbridge Wells, many people
the eaſt front of the arcades, and of that im reſort, particularly during the ſummer, the price
menſe quantity of old china vaſes, of different of drinking the waters being three-pence for each
forms and ſizes, which are crowded together in perſon. Near this place is a houſe of entertain-
almoſt every apartment. It is likewiſe to be ob ment called Sadler's Wells, where, during the
ſerved, that many fine proſpects may be ſeen from fummer ſeaſon, people are amuſed with rope-
the leads on the top of the houſe; for they com dancing, tumbling, and pantomime entertain
mand a view of the country to the diſtance of
twelve or fourteen miles, and conſequently the At the ſouth-weſt ſide of this village is a fine
greateſt part of London may be ſeen from them. reſervoir called the New-River Head, which con.
We muſt alſo add, that the gardens, when viewed fiſts of a large baſon, into which the New River
from the top of the houſe, form a more beautiful diſcharges itſelf; part of the water is from thence
landſcape than can eaſily be imagined.
conveyed by pipes to London, while another part
is thrown by an engine through other. pipes up
ISLIN G T O N.
hill to a reſervoir, which lies much higher, in or-
der to ſupply the more riſing parts of London.
This village is ſituate on the north fide of Lon Here is an ancient manor. houſe, denominated
don, to which, by the late increaſe of buildings, | Canonbury, from irs having formerly belonged
it is almoſt contiguous. It appears to have been to the prior and canons of St. Bartholomew in
originally built by the Saxons, and in the time of Smithfield; the eaſtern part whereof ſtill fhews
William the Conqueror was called Iſendon or it to be of great antiquity. This manſion, at pre-
Ifedon.
fent vulgarly called Cambray-houſe, is pleafantly
The principal building in this village is the ſituate on a beautiful eminence, on the eaſt fide
church, which is dedicated to Sc. Mary, and is of this village, and commands three delighful
one of the prebends of St. Paul's. The original || proſpects to the eaſt, north and ſouth.
edifice was erected in the year 1503, and ſtood
till 1751, when it being in a ruinous condition,
the inhabitants applied to parliament for leave to
K EN SIN G T O N.
rebuild it, and ſoon after erected the preſent
ſtructure, which is a very ſubſtantial brick edifice, This is a very large and populous village, fitu-
though it does not want an air of lightneſs. The ated about two miles weſt from London: and is
body is well enlightened, and the angles ſtrength remarkable for a royal palace, which, in the
ened and decorated with a plain ruftic. The reign of his late majeſty, was generally the ſum-
foor is raiſed conſiderably above the level of the mer refidence of the court.
This
ments.

624
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ad
This building, which was the ſeat of the lord The third room, which was the late qucen's
chancellor Finch, afterwards earl of Nottingham, apartment, is adorned with very beautiful capef-
was purchaſed by king William, who greatly im cry, repreſenting a Dutch winter piece, and the
proved it, and cauſed a royal road to be made to various diverſions peculiar to the natives of Hol-
it through St. James's and Hyde Parks, with land, done by Mr. Vanderbank. Over the chim-
lamp-poſts erected at equal diſtances on each ſide. ney is an admirable picture of king Charles II.
Queen Mary enlarged the gardens : her fifter, || king James II. and their filter the princeſs of
queen Anne, improved what ſhe had begun; Orange, when children, by Vandyke.
and was ſo pleafed with the place, chat ſhe fre. In the fourth room is the picture of a battle or
quently ſupped during the ſummer in the Green ſkirmiſh between the Germans and Italians, by
houſe, which is very beautiful : but her late ma Holbein. Another of Danae deſcending in a
jeſty queen Caroline completed the deſign, by ſhower of gold; and another of the widow Eliot,
extending the gardens from the great road lead finely executed by our countryman Riley.
ing to Acton ; by bringing what is called the ſer In the fifth room is a picture of the crucifixion,
pentine river into them, and by taking in ſome and another of Our Saviour laid on the croſs, both
acres out of Hyde Park, on which the cauſed a by Titian : of Our Saviour calling St. Matthew
mount to be raiſed, with a chair upon it, that from the receipt of cuſtoms, by Annibal Ca-
could be eaſily turned round, ſo as to afford ſhel racci; and of his healing the ſick in the temple,
ter from the wind.
by Verrio: a picture of Henry IV. of France, by
Theſe gardens, which are three miles and a Titian: two heads of queen Mary I. and queen
half in compaſs, are kept in great order, and in Elizabeth, when children, by Holbein: the late
ſummer time, when the court is not there, are queen Anne, when an infant, by Sir Peter Lely:
reſorted to by great numbers of people, who and ſeveral heads by Raphael.
from a decent appearance and behaviour, obtain In the ſixth room, or rather gallery, are the
eaſy admittance. Though this palace is very ir pictures of king Henry VIII. and queen Katha-
regular, in point of architecture, yet the royal rine of Arragon, both by Holbein: king Philip
apartments are extreniely grand, and fome of the of Spain, and queen Mary, by the ſame hand:
pictures with which they are adorned are executed king James I. by Vandyke : king Charles II.
by the beſt maſters.
the face by Sir Peter Lely: queen Elizabeth in a
When you paſs the baſe court, you enter thro' Chineſe dreſs, drawn when ſhe was a priſoner at
a large portico into a ſtone gallery, that leads to Woodſtock : king James II. when duke of York,
the great ſtair-cafe, which is very handſome, and another of his queen, both by Sir Pecer Lely:
and conſiſts of ſeveral flights of black marble king William and queen Mary in their coronation
ſteps, adorned with iron baluſters finely wrought. robes, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Sir Godfrey was
The painting here affords the view of feveral knighted on his painting theſe pictures; king
balconies with groups of figures repreſenting William being doubtleſs pleaſed with fo fine a pic-
yeomen of the guard, and ſpectators, anong ture of his queen. The next is
The next is queen Anne, af-
whom are drawn Mr. Ulrick, commonly called ter Sir Godfrey Kneller; and a picture of queen
the young Turk, in the Poloneſe dreſs in which Caroline, which is but poorly executed. In this
he waited on his majeſty king George I. Peter room is a curious amber cabinet, in a glaſs caſe ;
the wild youth, &c. The ſtạir-caſe is richly de and at the upper end a beautiful orrery, likewile
corated and painted by Mr. Kent.
in a glaſs caſe.
The firſt room is hung with very fine tapeſtry, The ſeventh, which is called the Cupola room,
repreſenting the goddeſs Diana hunting, and kill has a ſtar in the centre, and the ceiling all around
ing the wild boar. Over the chimney is a pic is adorned with paintings in Moſaic. Round the
ture in a grand taſte, repreſenting one of the room are placed, at proper diſtances, eight buſtos
Graces in the character of Painting, receiving in of ancient poets, and fix ftatues of the heathen
ſtructions from Capid. This piece is ſaid to be gods and goddeffes ac full length, gilt. Over
done by Guido Reni. In one corner of the room the chimney piece is a curious bas relief in mar-
is a marble ſtatue of Venus, with an apple in ble, repreſenting a Roman marriage, with a bufto
her hand, and in another is the ſtatue of Bacchus, of Cleopatra, by Mr. Ryſbrack.
whoſe head is finely executed ; but the body, In the king's great drawing room, over the
which is inferior to it, ſeems to be done by ano chimney, is a very fine picture of St. Francis
ther hand,
adoring the infant Jeſus, held in the lap of
The ceiling of the next room is painted with the Virgin Mary, Jofeph attending, the whole
Minerva, ſurrounded by the arts and ſciences, | performed by Sir Peter Paul Rubens. In this
by Mr. Kent. Over the chimney is a very fine room are alſo the holy family, finely painted by
piece repreſenting Cupid admiring Pyſche, while Paul Veroneſe : three prieſts, by Tintoret : a
The is aſleep, by Vandyke. On each ſide of the noble picture of St. Agnes over one of the doors,
room are hung ſeveral pictures, as king Henry by Domenichino: St. John Baptiſt's head, Mary
VIII, and the comptroller of his houſhold, by Magdalen, and a naked Venus, all by Titian :
Holbein : a three-quarter picture of king Charles a Venus in a fupine poſture, ſteeling an arrow
I. and another of his queen, by Vandyke : the out of Cupid's quiver, with beautiful ornaments,
duke and dutcheſs of York, by Sir Peter Lely: in the high guſto of the Greek antique, repre-
as alſo king William and queen Mary, when ſenting Love and the Drama, by Jacobo da Pun-
prince and princeſs of Orange, over the doors, by turmo: upon the original out lines of the great
che fame hand.
Michel Angelo Buonaroti : a picture of Villars,
duke

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
62$
duke of Buckingham, and his younger brother, in this gallery a Madona by Vandyke, which is
when boys, one of the capital pieces of Vandyke: || exquiſitely performed.
two large pictures by Guido Reni, one of Venus The other pictures here are, the birth of Jupi-
dreſling by the graces; the other of Andromeda ter, a fine piece, by Giulio Romano ; a Cupid
chained co à rock: Our Saviour in the manger, whetting his arrow, by Annibal Caracci, and a
by Ballan; and a picture of part of the holy fa Venus and Cupid, by Tician,
inily, by Palma the elder:
The ceiling in this room, in which there is
K E W.
ſuch a mixture of ſacred and prophane pieces, is
painted wich the ſtory of Jupiter and Semele. In this town, which is ſituate on the Thames;
In the ſtate chamber, the bed is of crimſon oppoſite to Old Brentford, is a chapel of eaſe
damaſk; and over the chimney is a picture of erected at the expence of ſeveral of the nobility
Our Saviour and St. John Baprift, by Raphael. and gentry, on a piece of ground that was given
In the ſtate dreſſing-room the hangings are all for that purpoſe by queen Anne. Here the late
of needle-work, a preſent from the queen of Mr. Molineux, ſecretary to his majeſty king
Pruſſia. Here is a picture of Edward VI. by George II. when prince of Wales, had a very
Holbein; of a young nobleman of Venice, by fine ſeat on the green, the gardens of which are
Tintoret; another young nobleman of the ſame ſaid to produce the beſt fruic in England.
place, by Tintoret; and Tician's lady, painted Oppoſite to Kew Green is a very neat bridge,
by himſelf.
which conſiſts of eleven arches. The two piers
The painted gallery is adorned with many ada and their dependent arches on each ſide next the
mirable pieces. At one end is king Charles I. ſhore are built of brick and ſtone, the interme-
on a white horſe, with the duke of d’Espernon diate arches, which are ſeven in number, are en-
holding his helmet; the king is an auguſt and no tirely wood. The center arch is fifty feet wide,
ble figure, with ſome dejection in his counte. and the road over the bridge is thirty feet. This
nance : ihe triumphal arch, curtain, and other bridge was erected in conſequence of an act of
parts of the back ground, are finely executed, parliament paſſed for thac purpoſe in the year
and ſo kept, that the king is the principal figure || 1758.
that ſtrikes the eye : at a little diſtance it has In this town ſtood the ſeats of lady Eyre and
more of the life than a picture, and one is almoſt Sir Thomas Abney, both of which were pur-
ready to get out of the horſe's way, and bow to chaſed by her late majeſty queen Caroline ; the
the king.
former for the late duke of Cumberland, and
At the other end of the gallery, oppoſite this the latter for the princeſſes Amelia and Caroline:
picture, is the ſame king, with his queen, and
two children, king Charles II. when a child, and LOW LEYTON or LEIGHTON.
king James II. an infant in the queen’s lap. The
king's paternal tenderneſs is finely expreſſed, his This is a very pleaſant village ſituate on the
fon ſtanding at his knee: the queen's countenance ſide of á hill near Walthamſtow, at the foot of
is expreſſive of all affectionate obedience to his of which runs the river Lea. In this pariſh are
majeſty, and a fond care of her child, which ſhe ſeveral very handſome ſeats which formerly be-
feems to deſire che king to look on. The infant is longed to che nobility, but are now in the poſ-
cxquiſitely performed; the vacancy of thought in feffion of wealthy citizens, and other gentlemen ;
the face, and the inactivity of the hands, are particularly the ſeat of the late Sir Fiſher Tench,
equal to life itſelf at that age. Theſe cwo admi bart, which is a inodern ſtructure, and adorned
rable pieces were done by Vandyke.
with large and delightſul gardens.
Another very capital picture in this gallery is, The pariſh of Leyton is waſhed on one ſide by
Eſther fainting before king Ahaſuerus, painted by the river Lea or Ley, from which the village ob-
Tintoret. All the figures are finely drawn and tains its name, and riſes in a gentle aſcent for
richly dreſſed in the Venetian manner ; for the about two miles, from the river to Waltham
Venetian ſchool painted all their hiſtorical figures Foreft ; on which ſide lies one ward of the pa-
in their own habits, thinking them more noble riſh called Leyton Stone: in this part is a chapel
and pictureſque than any other.
of eaſe erected ſome few years ago for the con-
The next piece is the nine muſes in concert, venience of the inhabitants.
finely drawn by the ſame maſter,
The pariſh church is a ſmall building, conſiſto
Midas preferring Pan to Apollo, is a fine ing of a chancel and two ides. It is dedicated
piece, by Andrea Schiavone ; but it is greatly to the Virgin Mary; and the advowſon of the
hure by time: the figures, however, are well vicarage is veſted in the lord of the manor.
drawn and coloured; and the affectation of judg.
ment in Midas is finely expreſſed.
MARYBORNE, or Mary le Bonne.
The ſhepherds offering gifts to Chriſt, St.
John in priſon, the ſtory of the woman of Sama This village, which by the great increaſe of
ria, and John Baptiſt's head, are fine pieces, by buildings, is now almoſt united to the metropo-
old Palma.
lis; took its origin from the following circum-
Noah's Aood, by Baſſan, is a maſterly per ſtance.
formance,
The village of Tyborne going to decay, and
Over the chimney is a Madona, by Raphael, its church, named St. John the Evangeliſt, lefc
which, though a ſmall piece, gives a very high alone by the ſide of the highway, it was robbed
idea of that great maſter's abilities. There is alſo of its books, veſtments, images, and other de.
53
corations
7 T

626
HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
2
corations ; on which the pariſhioners petitioned vor, built in the reign of king James II. by Sir
the biſhop of London for leave to take down Thomas Bond, who being deeply engaged in the
their old, and erect a new one elſewhere, which pernicious ſchemes of that imprudent prince, was
being readily granted in the year 1400, they | obliged to leave the kingdom with him, when
built a new church where they had ſome time be the houſe was plundered by the populac', and
fore erected a chapel, and that ſtructure being became forfeited to the crown.
dedicated to the Virgin Mary, received the ad The front of this building ſtands to the north,
ditional epithet of Borne, from its vicinity to the with a ſpacious garden before it, from which ex-
neigbouring brook or bourn.
tends two rows of large elns, of conſiderable
The old church, which was a mean edifice, length, through which the Tower of London ter-
was pulled down, and a new one erected in 1741. minates the proſpect. On each ſide of this ave-
This ſtructure is built with brick in as plain a nue you have a view of the city; and the mafts
manner as poſſible. It has two ſeries of ſmall of veſſels appearing at high-water over the
arched windows on each ſide, and the only orna trees and houſes up to Greenwich, greatly im-
ments are a vaſe at each corner, and a turret at prove the proſpect. The kitchen garden and the
the weſt end.
walls were planted with the choiceſt fruit trees
The veftry of this pariſh is general; and the from France, and an experienced gardener was
officers are, two churchwardens, two overſeers of ſent for from Paris to have the management of
the poor, two conſtables, two ſurveyors of the them; fo that the collection of fruit crees in this
highways, and one beadle.
garden has been accounted one of the beſt in
There are in this village a French meeting- || England.
houſe, a charity ſchool, and a place of public
Soon after lord Trevor died, the feat was pur-
entertainment, which has a pleaſant garden, and chaſed by a private gentleman, who began to
a band of vocal and inſtrumental muſic.
make very confiderable improvements, and had
If the ſpirit of building ſhould continue as it he lived a few years longer, would have rendered
has gone on for ſome few years paſt, this village it a very delightful ſpor of retirement.
will undoubtedly, in a very ſhort time, be quite Here are likewiſe ſeveral other villas and neat
joined, and become a part of the metropolis. houſes, inhabited by the tradeſmen of London,
and thoſe who have retired from buſineſs.
PANCRA S.
PUTNEY
This is a ſmall hamlet on the north weſt ſide of
London, in the road to Kentiſh town. It has a This village which is ſituate on the Thames,
church dedicated to St. Pancras, and called St. five miles ſouth weſt of London, is famous for
Pancras in the Fields, an old plain Gothic ſtruc being the birth-place of Thomas Cromwell, earl
ture, with a ſquare tower, without a ſpire.
of Efex, whoſe father was a blackſmith in this
It is a vulgar tradition that this church is of || place.
greater antiquity than that of St. Paul's cathedral, About this village the citizens of London have
of which it is only a prebend; but this ariſes from many very handſome feats ; and en Putney Heath
a miſtake; for the church of St. Pancras, termed is a public houſe remarkable for polite aſſemblies,
the mother of St. Paul's, was ſituated in the city and in the ſummer ſeaſon for breakfaſting and
of Canterbury, and was changed from a Pagan || dancing, and for one of the pleaſanteſt bowling-
temple to a Chriſtian church by St. Auſtin the greens in England.
monk, in the year 598, when he dedicated it to Here is an old church erected after the ſame
St. Pancras.
model with that of Fulham, on the oppoſite
The church yard is a general burial-place for ſhore, and they are both ſaid to have been built
perſons of the 'Romiſh religion. At a public || by two fifters. That part of Putney which joins
houſe on the ſouth ſide of the church is a medici to the heath commands a fine view both up and
nal ſpring.
down the river Thames.
This church, which ſtood on the north ſide of
St. Pancras-lane, near Queen-ſtreet, in Cheap
RICH M O N D.
ward (ſee page 485) owed its name, as did the
church mentioned in the above article, to St. This is reckoned the fineſt village in the Britiſh
Pancras, a young phrygian nobleman, who ſuf dominions, and has therefore been termed the
fered martyrdom under the emperor Diocleſian, Freſcati of England. It was anciently the ſeats
for his ſtrict adherence to the Chriſtian religion. of our monarchs, and the place from its fplendor
The ſervice of this church is only performed was called Shene, which in the Saxon congue fig-
the firſt Sunday in every month, owing to the nifies bright or ſhining.
great extent of the pariſh, and the number of In this place king Edward III. died of grief for
chapels erected in various parts of it for the con the loſs of his heroic fon Edward the back prince;
venience of the inhabitants.
and here died Anne the wife of Richard II. who
firſt taught the Engliſh women the uſe of the
PE C KH A M.
ſide ſaddle, Richard was ſo afflicted at her
death, that ic gave him ſuch a diſlike to the place
This is a very pleaſant village ſituate about where it happened, that he defaced the fine pa-
four miles from London, in the pariſh of Cam lace; but it was afterwards repaired and beauti-
berwell.
fied by king Henry V. who alſo founded near it
In this village is the ſeat of the late lord Tre three religious houſes.
als Place
& In

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
627
Grand.
In the year 1497 this palace was deſtroyed by a well chofen collection of the works of modern
fire, when king Henry VII. was there ; but in authors neatly bound in vellum.
1501 that prince cauſed it to be new built, and On leaving this edifice, which has an antique
commanded that the village ſhould be called and venerable appearance, you come to a large
Richmond. Henry VII. died here ; as did like oval of above five hundred feet in diameter,
wiſe his daughter queen Elizabeth. On the ground called the Foreſt oval, and turning from hence
where formerly ſtood a part of the old palace is you have a view of the Hermitage, a groteſque
a feat belonging to the earl of Cholmondeley. building, which ſeems as if it had ſtood many
The preſent palace, which is delightfully ſitu hundred years, though it was built by order of her
ated, is a plain edifice built by the duke of Or late majeſty. It has three arched doors, and the
mond, who received a grant of a conſiderable | middle pare which projects forward, is adorned
ſpace of land about Richmond, from king Wil with a kind of ruinous angular pediment; the
liam III. as a reward for his military ſervices ;
ſtones of the whole edifice appear as if rudely
but on the attainder of chat duke in the begin. || laid together, and the venerable look of the
ning of the reign of king George I. ir devolved whole is improved by the thickneſs of the ſolemn
to the crown ; and it was by his late majeſty con grove behind, and the little turret on the
top
with
firmed to queen Caroline, in cafe ſhe became a bell, to which you may aſcend by a winding
queen dowager of England.be
walk.
The king cook great delight here, and made The inſide of this building is in the form of
feveral improvements in the palace, while her an octagon with niches, in which are the buſts of
majeſty amuſed herſelf at her royal dairy houſe, the following truly great men, who by their writ-
Merlin's cave, the Hermitage, and the other im ings were an honour not only to their country,
provements which ſhe made in the park and gar but to human nature. The firſt on the right
dens of this delightful manſion.
hand is the incomparable Sir Iſaac Newton, and
The gardens are extremely fine, and are form next to him the juſtly celebrated Mr. John Locke.
ed with an agreeable wildneſs and pleaſing irre The firſt on the left hand is Mr. Woolafton, the
gularity, that cannot fail to charm all who are in author of The Religion of Nature Diſplayed ;
love with nature, and afford a much higher and next to him is the reverend and learned Dr. Sa-
more laſting fatisfaction than can poſſibly ariſe muel Clarke, and in a kind of alcove is the truly
from the moſt extenſive decorations of art. honourable Mr. Robert Boyle.
On entering theſe rural walks, you are con-
From this ſeat of contemplation you paſs thro'
ducted to the dairy, a neat but low brick build-
fields cloathed with graſs; through corn fields,
ing, to which there is an aſcent by a flight of
and a wild ground interſperſed with broom and
ſteps; in the front is a handſome angular pedi- || furze, which afford excellent ſhelter for hares and
ment. The walls on the inſide are covered with pheaſants, of which there are great abundance.
ftucco, and the houſe is furniſhed ſuitable to a Leaving this beautiful variety, in which na-
royal dairy, the utenſils for the milk being of the ture appears in all her forms of cultivation and
moſt beautiful china.
barren wildneſs, you come to an ampicheatre
Proceeding through a grove of trees you come
formed by young elms, and a diagonal wilder-
to the temple, which is ſituated on a mount. It neſs, through which you paſs to the foreſt walk,
is a circular dome crowned with a ball, and fup-
chat extends about half a mile, and then paſſing
ported by Tuſcan columns, with a circular altar through a ſmall wilderneſs you leave the gardens.
in the middle, and to which there is an aſcent by At the north-eaſt extremity of the garden is
very ſteep ſlopes.
another houſe that belonged to her majeſty, and
Returning by the dairy, and croſſing the gra near it the houſe of his late royal highneſs Fre-
vel walk which leads from the palace to the river,
derick prince of Wales, which is on the inſide
you come to a wood, which you enter by a walk adorned with ſtucco. Oppoſite this laſt houſe is
terminated by the queen's pavillion, a neat ele the prinɔeſs Amelia's, built by a Dutch architect,
gant ſtructure, wherein is ſeen a beautiful chim. the outſide of which is painted.
ney-piece, taken from a deſign in the addition to To the weſt of the gardens are ſeen the fine
Palladiş, and a model of a palace intended to be
houſes of ſeveral of the nobility and gentry, par-
built in this place. In another part of this wood ticularly the lady Buckworth's, and Mr. Geof-
is the duke's ſummer-houſe, which has a lofty frey's; and extending the view acrofs che Thames,
arched entrance, and the roof riſing to a point is there appears Ileworth.
terminated by a ball.
Having thus deſcribed this beautiful manſion,
From the wood you come to the ſummer-houſe we ſhall now return to the village itſelf. The
on the terrace, a light ſmall building with very green is exceeding pleaſant, it being levelled and
large and lofty windows, to give a better view of encloſed in a handſome manner; it is alſo fur-
the country, and particularly of that noble feat rounded with lofty elms, and adorned on each
called Sion-houſe, In this edifice are two fic ſide with the houſes of perſons of diſtinction.
tures, repreſenting the taking of Vigo by che Among the various ſeats on this ſpacious green is
duke of Ormond.
a handſome edifice that formerly belonged to Sir
Paſſing through a labyrinth, you ſee, near a Charles Hedges, and fince to Sir Matthew
pond, Merlin's cave, a Gothic building thatched; Decker, in the gardens of which is ſaid to be the
within which are the following figures in wax, longeſt and higheſt hedge of holly that was ever
Merlin, an ancient Britiſh enchanter; the excel ſeen, with ſeveral other hedges of evergreens.
lent and learned queen Elizabeth, and a queen of There are here alſo viſtas cut through woods,
the Amazons ; here is alſo a library conſiſting of grotros, fountaįns, a fine canal, a decoy, ſum-
mer-

628
HISTORY and SURVÈr of LONDON.
mer-houſe and ſtove-houſes, in which the anana, This pariſh was of ſuch vaſt extent, and ſo
or pine apple, was firſt brought to maturity in amazingly encreaſed in buildings, as co produce
England.
the pariſhes of St. Mary Stratford at Bow, St.
On the north eaſt ſide of the green is a fine Mary Whitechapel, Sc. Anne's Limehouſe, St.
houſe, which belonged to the late Mr. Hegdig. || John's at Wapping, St. Paul's Shadwell, St.
ger, and a little beyond it that of the late duke of
George's Ratcliff Highway, Chriſt-church Spital-
Cumberland, paſſing by which you come to a fields, and St. Matthew's Bethnal-green; all
ſmall park belonging to his majeſty, well ſtocked which have been feparated from it, and yet ic
with deer, and oppoſite to it is the entrance into ſtill remains one of the largeſt pariſhes within
the gardens.
che bill of morcality, and contains the hamlets of
This village runs up a hill, on the aſcent of Mile-end, Old and New Towns, Ratcliff and
which are wells of a purging mineral water, fre Poplar.
quented during the ſummer by a great number of The prefent church, which has been lately re-
gentry and others. On the top there is a moſt paired and beautified, is of very conſiderable ex-
extenſive and beautiful proſpect of the country, tent, being 104 feet long, though it is no more
interſperſed with villages and incloſures ; the than 54 feet broad. The height of the roof is
Thames is ſeen running beneath, and the land 35 feet, and that of the tower, with its turret,
ſcape is improved by the many fine fears that are 92 feet. The wall and battlements are built of
ſcattered along its banks.
brick and wrought ſtone; plaſtered over ; and
Beſides theſe remarkables, there are in this vil the roof is covered with lead. The pillars, arches
lage the following. An almfhouſe built by Dr. and windows, are of the modern Gothic, and
Duppa, biſhop of Wincheſter in the reign of the weſt porch, built in 1610, has not any re-
king Charles II. for the ſupport of ten poor wi ſemblance to the reſt of the building, it being
dows, purſuant to a vow made by that prelate of the Tuſcan order. The tower, which is plain
during that prince's exile. Another almſhouſe
and heavy, is ſupported at the corners by a kind
endowed with above 1ool. a year, which, ſince of double buttreſſes; it is crowned with ſquare
its foundation, has been conſiderably encreaſed by plain battlements, wichout pinnacles, and with a
John Mitchell, eſq; Here are alſo two charity ſmall mean turret ; and the ſame kind of battle-
ſchools, one for fifty boys, and the other for fifty ments are carried round the body of the church.
girls. Likewiſe a very fmall but neac play On the inſide are three galleries and an organ,
houſe.
and the altar-piece is adorned with four Corin-
STEPNEY
thian pilaſters, with their entablature and a pedi-
This is a very ancient village ſituate about two ment; theſe have gilt capitals, with the arms of
miles eaſt of London; and is remarkable for its queen Anne carved. On the eaſt ſide of the
church, and the great number of tomb ſtones, ll portico, leading up to the gallery on the north
both in that edifice and its ſpacious cemetry. ſide of the chancel, is a ſtone, whereon are en-
That this village is of great antiquity, and has graved the following words:
been of great importance in former times, may
be collected from its being once the reſidence of Of Carthage great I was a ſtone,
kings, the feat of parliament, which was held
O mortals read with pity!
there, and the place where the deans of St. Paul's Time conſumes all, it Spareth none,
had their country manſion; ſome faint remains of
Men, mountains, towns, nor city :
which are ſtill to be feen.
Therefore, O mortals! all bethink
There was a church here fo long ago as the
You whereunto you muſt,
time of the Saxons, when it was called the church Since now ſuch ſtately buildings
of all Saints, Eccleſia omnium Sanctorum, and we
Lie buried in the duft.
read of the manor of Stepney under the reign of
William the Conqueror, by the name of Stiben The church is well pewed with oak, and
hede, or Stiben’s-heath; but it does not appear wainſcoted about eight feet high, and the pulpit
when the church changed its name by being de is of the ſame ſort of timber.
dicated to St. Dunſtan, the name it at preſent The veſtry is ſelect, conſiſting of a certain num-
bears. To this church belong both a rectory and ber of repreſentatives choſen by each hamlet, and
vicarage; the former, which was a fine-cure, was the churchwardens for the time being,
in the gift of the biſhop of London, and the Among the various monumental inſcriptions in
latter, in the gift of the rector, till Ridley, bi this great cemetry, the following are the moſt re-
ſhop of London, gave the manor of Scepney, markable.
and the advowſon of the church to Edward VI. On a grave ſtone near the ſouth eaſt corner
who, in his turn, granted them to Sir Thomas of the church-yard, is this inſcription on Mrs.
Wentworth, lord chamberlain of his houſhold. Mary Angel :
But the advowſon being afterwards purchaſed by
the principal and ſcholars of King's- hall and To ſay, an Angel here inter'd doth lye,
Brazen-Nofe college in Oxford, they preſented || May be thought ſtrange, for Angels never dye.
two perſons to the rectory and vicarage by the Indeed ſome fell from Heav'n to Hell,
name of the Porcioniſts of Rarcliff and Spital. Are loft and riſe no more :
fields, till the year 1744, when the hamlet of This only fell by Death to Earth,
Bethnal-green being ſeparated from it, and made Not loft but
gone
before.
a new pariſh by act of parliament, Stepney be. Her Duft lodg'd here, her Soul perfect in Grace
came poſſeſſed by only one rector.
'Mongſt Saints and Angels now hath took its place.
AC

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
629
Ac the eaſt end of the church-yard, near the
church, is a monument of white marble, adorned
with a cherub, urn, palm branches and a coat of
arms, under which is the following inſcription:
So kind in Nature's laws he ſtood,
A temple undefild with blood,
A friend to every thing was good.
The reſt angels alone can fitly tell.
Hafte then to them and him, and ſo farewell.
}
The laſt infcription' we ſhall mention is the fol
lowing, on a ſpacious marble ſtone; near the ſouth
ſide of the church:
Here lieth interred the bodies of c praia Thomas
Chever's, who departed this life November 18,
1675. Aged 44 years.
And of Ann Chevers his wife, who departed
this life, Noven ber 14, 1675. Aged 34 years.
And of John Chevers their ſon, who departed
this life, November 13, 1675. Aged 5 days:
Here lieth interred the body of dame Rebecca
Berry, the wife of Thomas Elton of Stratford
Bow, gent. who departed this life April 16,
1696, aged 52.
Come ladies, you that would appear
Like angels fair, come dreſs you here;
Come dreſs you at this marble ſtone;
And make that humble grace your owng
Which once adorn'd as fair a mind,
As e're yet lodg’d in woman kind.
So ſhe was dreſs'd; whoſe humble life
Was free from pride, was free from ſtrife.
Free from all envious brauls and jars
(Of human life the civil wars)
Theſe ne'ere diſturb'd her peaceful mind,
Which ſtill was gentle, ſtill was kind.
Her very looks, her garb, her mien,
Diſclos'd the humble ſoul within.
Trace her chrough every ſcene of life,
View her as widow, virgin, wife,
Still the ſame humble ſhe appears,
The ſame in youch the ſame in years ;
The ſame in low and high eſtate,
Ne're vex'd with this, ne're mov'd with that.
Go, ladies, now, and if you'd be
As fair, as great, as good as ſhe,
Go learn of her humility.
Reader, conſider well how poor a fpan,
And how uncertain is the life of man:
Hercle the huſband, wife, and child, by Death
All three in five days time depriv'd of breach.
The child dies firſt, the mother on the morrow
Follows, and then the father dies with fortow.
A Cæfar falls by many wounds, well may
Two ſtabs at heart the ſtouteft captain lay. 'n33
The other remarkables in this pariſh are, a
Preſbyterian, Independent, Anabaptiſt, and a
Quaker meeting-houſes; two charity-ſchools ;
fifteen alqıſhouſes; an hoſpital; two workhouſes
a large ſhip-yard to build in; and two Portugueſe
and one German burial grounds, the firſt of which
contains near one thouſand fepulchral ſtones of
beautiful marble, under which perſons of all ages
and ranks lie promiſcuouſly in rows without diſ-
tinction, and whoſe graves are never re opened.
Son
On a ſtone, near the foot path, on the north
weſt ſide of the church is the following:
BE
Whoever treadeth on this ſtone,
I pray you tread moſt neatly, it
For underneath the ſame doch lye
For Your honeſt friend Will. Wheatly.
On the fouch fide is another ſtone with this
infcription:
DOO
Here lies the body of Daniel Saul, da
cital Spitalfields weaver, and that is all.bi
dito due and
Under a ſtone fouthward from the church is
the following:
Aontat
Here remains all that was mortal of Mr. Roger
Crab, who entered into eternity the Inth day of
September 1680, in the both year of his age.
saad
Tread gently, reader, near the duſt al vi
Committed to this tomb-ftone's cruſt,
For while 'twas fleſh it held a gueſt lled-ig
With univerſal love poffeft;
A ſoul thaç ſtemm’d opinion's tyde, ato bonis
Did over fects in triumph ride,
can be
Yet ſeparate from the giddy crowded I
and paths tradition had allowed,
Through good and ill report he paſt, la cerimos
Oft cenſur’d, yet approv'd at laſt.
Would'At thou his religion know, to no
In brief 'twas this: to all to do MMA bois
Juſt as he would be done unto. IT to areas
53
TOTTENHAM HIGH CROSS.
- tabelisco SA
This is a pleaſant village ſituate on the weſt ſide
of the River Lea; five miles north of London,
in the road to Ware.
| The original proprietors of this manor were
the earls of Northumberland and Cheſter; after
whom it fell into the hands of David king of
Scotland, who gave it to the monaſtery of the
Trinity in London; but Henry VIII. granted it
to William Lord Howard of Effingham; who
being afterwards attainted, it reverted again to
the king, who then granted it to the dean and
chapter of St. Paul's, to whom it ſtill belongs.
The preſent earl of Northumberland and the
lord Colerain have ſeats here, and chere are alſo
a great number of handſome houſes belonging to
the citizens of London.
The church ſtands on a hill, which has a little
river called the Moſel at the bottom, to the weſt,
north and eaſt. The pariſh is divided into four
wards, viz. 1. Necher ward, in which ſtands the
parſonage and vicarage.
2. Middle ward, com-
prehending Church end, and Marſh-ſtreet.
3.
High Croſs ward, containing the hall, the mill,
Page-green, and the High Croſs. 4. Wood-green
ward, which comprehends all the reſt of the
pariſh, and is larger than the other three wards
put together.
The
7 U

630
HISTORY* and SURVEY of LONDON.
The Croſs, which gives name to the place, was of Montráth. This brings you down to Ineworth,
once much higher than it is at preſent; and upon which from the entrance into the meadows at
that ſpot queen Eleanor's corpſe was reſted, when lady Suffolk's, is about a mile and a half on the
on the road from Lincolnſhire to London. St. bank of the rivery oppoſite to Ham walks and
Loy's well, in this pariſh, is ſaid to be always Richmond-hill, and is one of the moſt beautiful
full, and never to run over ; and many ſtrange walks in England:
cures have been performed at Biſhop's well.
An almſhouſe was founded here in 1596 by one On the right hand of the road, between Turn-
Zancher, a Spaniard, the firſt confectioner ever ham-green and Brentford, is Gunnerſbury-houſe,
known in this kingdom. Here are alſo a free a noble and elegant ſtructure built by Inigo Jones,
ſchool, and a charity-ſchool for twenty.cwo giris, or, as ſome ſay, by Mr. Web, who was fon-in-
who are caught and cloathed.
law to Inigo Jones. Indeed the architecture ſhews,
that if the plan was not drawn by that celebrated
TO W T IN G.
architect himſelf, it was deſigned by ſome of his
ſcholars ; for the building has that majeſtic bold-
There are two villages of this name, ſituate neſs and ſimplicity which grace all the works of
near each other, and diſtinguiſhed by the epithets
that excellent artiſt. It is ſituated on a riſing
upper
and lower. The former lies in the road ground; the approach to it from the garden is
from Southwark to Epſom, abo ut four miles remarkably fine. The loggia bas a beautiful ap-
from London.
pearance at a diſtance, and commands a fine
In this village is an almſhouſe founded in 1709, proſpect of the county of Surry, the river of
by the mother of Sir John Bateman, Lord-mayor Thames, and of all the meadows on its banks for
of London, for fix poor women, to be nominated ſome miles, and in clear weather, of even the
by the eldeſt heir of the family. It is likewiſe city of London.
adorned with ſeveral fine fcats belonging to the The apartments are extremely convenient and
gentlemen and citizens of London, particularly well contrived. The hall, which is large and
the houſe and gardens of the Bateman family, ſpacious, is on each ſide ſupported by rows of
Lower Towting is two miles ſouth welt of columns, and from thence you aſcend, by a noble
Wandſworth; and here the lord Gray and the earl flight of ſtairs, to a ſaloon, which is a double
of Lindſey had their ſeats in the laſt century. cube of cwenty-five feet high, and moſt elegantly
furniſhed. This fine room has an entrance into
oluols
T WIC Κ Ε Ν Η Α Μ.
the portico on the back front, which is ſupported
by columns, and from the finenefs of the proſpect
This is a very pleaſant village, ſituate on the over the Thames, is a delightful place to fit in,
banks of the Thames between Teddington and during the afternoon in the ſummer ſeaſon; for
Iſleworth, and between two brooks that here fall it being contrived to face the ſouth eaſt, the ſun
into that river.
never ſhines on it after two o'clock; but extend
The church, which is a modern edifice, rebuilt || ing its beams over the country, enlivens the beau-
by the contribution of the inhabitants, is a fine tiful landſcape that lies before this part of the
Doric ſtructure. Here is a charity-ſchool for fifty
edifice.
boys, who are taught and cloathed; and this de On entering the garden from the houſe, you
lightful village is adorned with the ſeats of ſeve aſcend a noble terrace, which affords a delightful
ral perſons of diſtinction, particularly on the bank view of the neighbouring country; and from this
of the river.
terrace, which extends the whole breadth of the
At the upper end of the village there is an ele garden, you deſcend by a beautiful light of ſteps,
gant Gothic ſeat called Strawberry-hill, belonging with a grand baluſtrade on each ſide. But the
to the honourable Mr. Walpole; near which is a gardens are laid out too plain, having the walls in
beautiful houſe, late the earl of Radnor's, now view on every fide. This was the houſe of the
in the poſſeſſion of Mr. Hindley. The next of late Henry Furneffe, eſq; who had a fine collec-
conſiderable note is Sir William Stanhope's, for cion of pictures. It is now in the poffeffion of
merly the reſidence of our moſt celebrated poet, the princeſs Amelia.
Mr. Alexander Pope: then Mr. Backwell's; and
the laſt on this beautiful bank is doctor Bactie's,
W A L T H A M S TO W.
at preſent in the poſſeſſion of Mr. Paulet. All
theſe houſes, belides ſeveral others on this delight. This is a very pleaſant village, ſituate on the
ful ſpot, enjoy a moit pleaſing proſpect both up river Lea, and contiguous to Low Layton. Here
and down the river, perpetually enlivened with are three manors, viz. Walthamſtow, Tony or
the weſt country navigation, and other moving | High-hall, Walthamſtow Frances or Low-hall,
pictures on the ſurface of this enchanting river. which was the manor of the late J. Conyers, eſq;
Below the church is the fine ſeat of Mr. Whit and the manor of the rectory, which once belong-
church, that of the earl of Strafford, Mrs. Pitt, ed to Trinity-abbey in London.
and at the entrance into the meadows, the elegant The church, which is dedicated to the Blefied
ſtructure called Marble-hall, belonging to the Virgin, is a large edifice ſituated upon a hill, and
counteſs of Suffolk. Still farther down the ſtream conliſts of three illes; that on the north ſide built
you have the ſmall but very neat houſe of Mr. by Sir George Monox, knt, alderman and Lord-
Barlow; the larger and more grand one of Mr. mayor of London in the reign of Henry VIII, is
Cambridge ; and the ſweet retirement called called Monox's ifle; that on the ſouth ſide bears
Twickenham Park, the reſidence of the counteſs the name of Thorn's ille, from a citizen and mer-
chant-

HISTORT and SURVEY of LONDON
631
taylor of that name, who in all probability, was This beautiful building, which was erected by
at the expence of building it.
the late earl of Tilney, and deſigned by colonel
In this church there are a great number of mo Campbell, is certainly one of the nobleſt houſes
numents, particularly one near the altar erected not only near London, but in the kingdom. It
to the memory of Sir Thomas Stanley, knt. fe conſiſts of two ſtories, the ſtate and ground fto-
cond ſon to the earl of Derby, on which there is ry. This lacter is the baſement, into which you
the effigy of a lady on her knees. And before enter by a door in the middle underneath the
the communion table within the rails, is a piece || grand entrance, which is
grand entrance, which is in a noble portico of
of marble over the body of docior Pierce, biſhop fix Corinthian columns fupporting a pediment in
of Bath and Wells.
which are the arms of this nobleman. To this
In the pariſh of Walthamſtow there are ſeve. you aſcend by a flight of ſteps, and paſs into a
ral ancient ſeats, and handſome houſes, belong magnificent ſaloon richly decorated with paint-
ing to perſons of diſtinction; the moſt remarkable ing and ſculpture, through which you paſs into
of which was that of Higham-hall, pleafantly the other ſtate rooms which are ſuitably furniſhed
ſituated upon Higham-bills, a riſing ground, with pictures, gilding, velvet, tapeſtry, and other
about half a mile north from Clay-ſtreet, juſt
rich hangings.
above the river Lea, overlooking the counties of Before the houſe is an octangular baſon which
Middleſex and Hertfordſhire, and commanding ſeems equal to the length of the front. On each
a moſt delightful and extenſive proſpect. It ſide as you approach the houſe are two marble
has been a magnificent and ſpacious fabrick, and ſtatues of Hercules and Venus, with obeliſks and
in ancient times, when the lords reſided upon vaſes alternately placed. The garden front has
their royalties, no place could be more admirably not any portico, but a pediment with a bas re-
ſituated than this manſion, erected at the top of lief ſupported by fix three quarter columns.
the hill of Higham, and having within its view The church belonging to this pariſh was ſome
the whole extent of its juriſdiction ; but there are few years ago rebuilt, chiefly by the liberality of
hardly now any traces of its ancient grandeur re Sir Richard Child, bart. lord viſcount Caſtlemain;
maining
and in the chancel is a very ſuperb monument
Oppoſite the church is the Nag's-head, a noted for Sir Joſiah Child, whoſe ſtatue in whice marble
public houſe for the accommodation of the gen ſtands pointing downward to the inſcription. Un-
try who occaſionally reſort hither to participate of derneath lies the figure of Bernard his ſecond
thoſe pleaſures which the rufticity of this delight-fon, and on each ſide fits a woman veiled, one
ful village naturally affords.
leaning her head upon her hand, and the other
cloſing her hands and wringing them. There
W ANST E D.
are allo ſeveral boys in mourning poſtures, and
one expreſſing the vanity of life by blowing up
In this village which is ſituate near Woodford, a bubble.
about eight miles eaſt of London, are ſeveral fine
feats of the nobility, gentry, and wealthy cici-
W I M B L E T O N.
zens; but the moſt remarkable is Wanſted-houſe,
the magnificent feat of the earl of Tilney.
This is the village where Ethelbert king of
This noble manſion was prepared by Sir Jofeph Kent was defeated in a batcle by Ceaulin the
Child, his lordſhip's grandfather, who added to the Weſt Saxon, in the year 568. The common or
advantage of a fine ſituation, many rows of trees, heath, which is ſuppoſed to be as high as that of
planted in avenues and viſtas leading up to the Hampſtead, is about a mile each way, and is
Ipot of ground where the old houſes ftood. The adorned on the ſides with ſeveral handſome
late lord, before he was enobled, laid out the moſt ſeats.
ſpacious pieces of ground in gardens that are to About half a mile ſouth from the road, on the
be ſeen in England.
common, ſtands Wimbleton houſe, which was
The green-houſe is a very fuperb building fur builc by Sir Thomas Cecil, ſon of the lord trea-
niſhed with ſtoves and artificial places for heat, furer Burleigh, in the year 1588, and was after-
from an apartment which has a bagnio, and other wards general Lambert's, who had here a moſt
conveniences, that render it both pleaſant and remarkable fine flower garden.
uſeful.
The manor of Wimbleton was purchaſed by
The preſent building is a magnificent ſtructure, Sarah Churchill, dutcheſs dowager of Marlbo-
two hundred and fixty feet in length, and ſeven rough, who left it to the late John Spencer, eſq;
ty in depth. The fore front, wbich is of Port brother to the late duke of Marlborough, together
land ſtone, has a long vifta chat reaches to the with a fine feat ſhe built here, which is adorned
great road at Leighton Stone, and from the back with a grand terrace walk, that extends from the
front facing the gardens is an eaſy deſcent that houſe to the ſeat of Sir Abraham Janſſen, bart,
leads to the terrace ; and affords a moſt beauti and has a beautiful proſpect to the ſouch.
ful proſpect of the river, which is formed into
canals; and beyond it che walks and wilderneſſes
WOOL WICH.
extend to a great diſtance, riſing up the hill, as
they ſloped downwards before ; ſo that the fight This town is ſituated on the ſouthern bank of
is loſt in the woods, and the whole country, as the Thames, about nine miles from London.
far as the eye can reach, appears one continued Here is a royal dock, the oldeſt in the kingdom,
garden.
for building ſhips of war; and alſo a gun-yard
called

632
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.-
T
0!!. These
called the Warren. In the former more ſhip relates to the attack and defence of fortified
have been built chan in any other two docks in places.
the kingdom; and in the latter, artillery of all A guardſhip is generally ſtationed in the river
kinds and dimenſions are caſt. Here the com before the dock-yard, where the water is ſo deep
pany of matroſſes are employed in making up that the largeſt ſhips may ſafely ride without
cartridges, and in charging bombs, carcaſes, and touching the ground, even at low water.
grenadoes, for the public ſervice. Here are like The town has been of late years conſiderably
wiſe in this town many yards of warehouſes, and enlarged, and the pariſh church rebuilt in a very
magazines of military and naval ſtores ; and an handlome manner, as one of the fifty new
academy has been lately eſtabliſhed here, for churches. Here is a weekly market on Friday.
teaching the military ſciences, and whatever elſe
19023a basiri
"យ
obil vento tie C H A P T E R XXVIII.
Containing an account of the principal towns, villages, remarkable places, and public buildings
out of the bill of mortality, and within the circumference of twenty miles of London.
1053
bis 5700 56 blaos 96
O A D DING TO N.
The origin of St. Albans was owing to the
monaſtery built by Offa, king of the Mercians,
THIS village is ſituated at the deſcent of to the memory of St. Alban, in expiation of his
a high ſpacious common 10 which it barbarous murder of Ethelbert, king of the Eaſt-
gives name, about three miles from Angles, whom he had treacherouſly inveigled to
Croydon, in the county of Surry. Its church, his court, on pretence of marrying his daughter.
though ſaid to be above three hundred years old, This monaſtery or abbey church has been rebuilt
is ſtill very ſubſtantial; but the moſt remarkable in whole or part ſeveral times. The town pur-
circumſtance is, that the lord of the manor held chaſed it at the diffolution for four hundred
it in the reign of Henry III. by the ſervice of pounds, which prevented fo noble a fabric being
making his majeſty a meſs of pottage in an earthen pulled down, and torn to pieces, for making
por in the king's kitchen at his coronation. And money of the materials; and it is made a pariſh
church for the borough.
mas Leigh, eſq; then lord of the manor,
In this ancient edifice is a funeral monument
a mels according to his tenure, and brought it to and effigies of king Offa, who is repreſented
his majeſty's table, when that king, though he ſeated on his throne ; under which is the follow-
did not taſte what he had prepared, yet accepted || ing infcription :
of his ſervice.
yd olid ni Dann
Fundator Ecclefie circa annum 793.
comto St. A L B A N S.ren!
Quem male depictum, et refidentem cernitis alte
Oslo
Sublimem folio, MERCIUS Offa fuit. 9
This town, which is ſituated on the river Ver,
on
That is,
twenty miles from London, received its name
Savota no
from an abbey built here about the year 703, to
The founder of the church about the year 793.
the memory of St. Albanus, the firſt martyr of Whom you behold ill-painted on his throne
Britain, who ſuffered in the firſt perfecution of Sublime, was once for MERCIAN OFFA known.
the emperor Diocleſian. It is incorporated by - zarbliud die vorio bolsong
charter, and governed by a mayor, high ſteward, On the eaſt ſide ſtood the Shrine of St. Alban,
recorder, twelve aldermen, a town clerk, and where is ſtill to be feen the following ſhort in-
twenty-four aſſiſtants.
fcription :
In this borough there is a particular diſtrict
called a Liberty, which has a juriſdiction, both 920 S. ALBANUS VEROL AMENSIS, ANGLORUM
in eccleſiaſtical and civil matters, peculiar to
PROTOMARTYR, 17 Junii 293. un 20%
itſelf. This libercy has a jail, and a jail-delivery
-170 to zi il sid joonistato
at St. Albans four times a year, on the Thurſday 9. In the ſouth ifle near the above ſhrine is the
after the quarter ſeſſions at Hertford.
monument of Humphry, brother to king Henry
There are four wards in this town, in each of V. commonly diftinguiſhed by the title of the
which are two churchwardens and a conſtable. Good Duke of Glouceſter. It is adorned with a
It is large and populous, though not one of the ducal coronet, and the arms of France and Eng.
moſt beautiful towns in che kingdom. The coun land quartered. In niches on one ſide are ſeven-
try round it is, however, very pleaſant, and a teen kings; but in the niches on the other ſide
bounds' with fine ſears. Here are two charity there are not any ftatues remaining. The inſcrip-
ſchools; one founded for twenty-eight boys, who tion, which alludes to the pretended miraculous
are cloathed; and the other for twenty-one girls, cure of a bind man, detected by the duke, is as
of whom fourteen only are cloathed.
follows:
Piæ
my
Komin A NEW and CORRECT MAP 0
01
the COUNTRIES TWENTY MILES Round LONDON.By Tho? Bowen
Ꮄ 8
10
Leat R.
Up Nottleden Gadderão
O
22
Shering Paper
요
​NewRÖD
Head
180
e Hornby
Hal
Rudz 67
Wargau Roding Good Easter
SEMärgaipets
07
7
2 오
​Harlon Bury
Harlow
o
9
Nih Hallo
O
Hats Standed 21
Mali
Pleshy Bury
"Pardon par
o
Po Bullstock
NE
2 오
​e
Hodidony The
UrperHou.
Laver Par
Graved ordon
. H
HE fuos.
Hemel Shanford childnicik tury
RGothamko
AT
Marine Esinden R. Bayford
e 오
​o+
Bracbourn
Beauchamp/Torrela Hall
2
Sheepo Hide - Milan Wood Cable
Ron Stock, oʻney
L Base
Whitney Green
Nash
Mill Bedmont
Park Laver Magdalen. Moreton, Lumpelek
Nasing • Latton Pla Parish
Nth Wald
Halil Hail High Schevens Mally, I
"Chamberlies Wintory.py
Corner Wald
Gullet Chipp. Ongar
Coin
O
?
LC Kurys
오​.
요
​Brockmurs Northall.com
its
28
Woodiñano Kingo Langley
Water Dale Parkbuit Comey cho Salesbury, jafton
2
WinHallo Lodge Hill
2
White Dale
Corner Str. Shenies
Hallifield es
Burýt ZijlsefiStreet
오
​to21
Vit
0
Lane Hook
0
Cobbin Brook
Coopersale
Potters
Theob grady
Hallo,
Mills
- Ridge
My
Hall
L 모
​Webbo Bulls
29
Grofo 1 Turtle
Clay Hill
Chini ce
-2 High Crofs Woodridin
They don Garnon tu. Wait mount
aca
Cashifo bury
c. Forty siya
. 요
​O
No Theydon Boys
Navestock Smith
O
Zu
Burton Wood
L
S
2
0
o
2 오
​Pissenford
Haik
T
Br
Boys Hall
0
CL
0
o
Battle
.
O
ol
140
40
Bury Str. Pootland
2
•GI:
(
Lilamptony
Hdl
ro
20
Circuit
Arnold
.
Lm.Giang?
Whwetara
0
Stary Side mere
Sauoport
E E
...
Hatch Welt Hall
word
Carrotato
o
2 오
​오​..
Led
Dewen Ponped
Pingbac
Wray
of West
Hall &
O
2
Gregofprys
Oring
TORULUTUT
e-.
be
e 오
​Zdymas Hilom
으오
​a 오
​1385
**F, Gr Pondmans Gooses
Boulbolos
Lk
Colnk.
Clay Str.
Gidea Hall
Wells
Great 1 Hatchd
Padnals.
O
2
Rigelip Park
Mfzijlway porn
Triselip
Pungonit Kings Enk
Da Dzenetega
136
Ee
36
Marsh
ot
Nen R
Su:
0
2 요
​La recicladen Wartez magis
2 오
​Ports
կասյան
a 오
​tillinghaler Duntet
L 오
​Brent
Gaupers
Lalon Layitové
Follow way
Z.Horisnahkaningen
Gri
오 ​오
​Blanc Paruyce.
Field
(Maryland Point:
a 요
​Porn
GTS
Barna
Uptor ford
9
poole
por
2
o
Saphed
arth Olcendon
Haye • Yedding Gr;
Frien old oak
Roden
Hemsford Mills Cole Green.
Nettledení
Stansted Thiel ! 6 (Pye Coyner
Housham Hall Stone Hall Barrick
Hall Matching Green
Sheath End Gaddesden End
Blackbourn R. Greennd
but Pelery Bemonds
yomore Potter Street, High Laver
Munitasing It Bedury
gʻosley 1 harfter.
\Bishops Halt
alibbury Hall Wood Wood for
Chodnell She Whalebone
Kung Watering Bentry Heady
SĀing baltos
Trplay Metham
Ginnersbury search on
eleo Jiou.
Past
Wickhan
Delcome
V Cloont Reach
Vadmonds Earm Hurger
Englefield Breite
Bread schewette Harn Har
S.
| G Porid Hüly
Hersom tejtonte
Moted Farm Nenpon
multotie
"Blalick Heath Chalk Pitt
32)
28
24
10
12
20
4
Ware
21
Ꮄ
12
20
24
28
Tu
End
Bhooket House
Tago.
Catman Gr.
Hoo
Bonington Hunodon sayesa Ph
,
- Pidgeon Hall
Hal
Down Hall
Gaddesden
NenPlace 3
Herons
Trin
Is Prijg Hook
Northcote
Redborurn $ Childnick
Hou, o
o Court
B Hall
Cheapside
Hartingfordbury RTFORD amwelt
zatfield ludnich
(Bury Eastwick Lodge
Stock Hall
Hamming
Carnish
Wigginton
Park
Saundridge
Matching
Ballo
Wood Hall
.Hide
Rockwando allots
Teningbring
More Halt
Falkenen Hall
Woon
48
Pauyrdrido
Birch Gr.
Potters
Pickets
Redbournbury
f
48
North Church
Bayford bury
Hall
Marks
Roding
Bury
Castle
e Stanbrough *
. Wood End
Roxford J Bridkendon burn Heriford Hall Autot
Lalton
Ote: Hall
It Hall
Long Barns
Durance
Heath
Mashtriry
- Bemers
3 Hubbard
Hardow
Hoy Well
Great Berkhemſte water
Tingstrát
Hatfield sizden
Harpsfield Hall
Vetteswell
Hall
West Wood
Pemſtedt
Hall Chalk End
22
Th.
Gor
Ware Pardon
Kitchin Hall
Newland Hall :
Crousti
Y Ron Gr. Hatfie
Rodling
Iring Com
House
Evether Hall
Ashlins
three House, Nesttide
Marlony Leyerstock Prie?
Popes K. Berkhamster Bayford
3. Katherine
Street Wood
al
st Albans
-Harlow
Broadway
Ashley
Shillon Bonello
Gouls.
Wild Hill Bedwell
Bush
£ Broxbournbury
pickerills
Urrats End
Wedssat.
Hill End I
Green
Verner Hall
Park
Hall a
1 Tre Hall
Hanridge
BournEnd Boxmore
Ruddocks
„
Woodol
Blackwaters Stephen Soppeli
Coney
Našing Bury
Welpley Iwo Waters
Michael
1 Lee
Westwick
Belønains
Lee
Nen Barno
Wether Haro
Hall
Hiii
Heath
Wiling ale Spain More Hall
St Juliano |
West End
I Cold Harbour
R. Bradley Com. Long Green flaneso
Shendish
Fernbedi
Green
Titten haddene
WellomGSXcimy con
+Bovington
Wormalt
Bobingwork field of Wardens Hall
Mearles
Cheshunt
Nasing Long G
Nen House
Burnish
Park Str.
and Bury
vMimo Potrilt, Bell pari New Park
Chingle
„Ryesti
: to Basset
*
Norton Spain Hall
Meals
Chartridoe
Frog more
Lee Hill
1 Mandaille
London Colney
Manchons Bovington Gr.
Common
Turn ford
Rye
Hallipielà -" Harolds Pali
Abbots Langley zmugoah ven Parktwy
Duck Lane
Blakk Shelley Forest Hall Radley Green
Langley Hill
Water End Fish Pond
"Hall
I Cheshunt
Frping th
Chantock
EL Chamber
Park Wheellers
は
​Goffs Oak
Walsh
&
Bilsdon F. JOngar
Ongar
44
"
144
Coffey
Horveley
Park
Chetham
el Mill
Cheshunt , \cheppsnefnt ses
UpporHighway / M o rę
Gate
lue Gates
Flaunden
Wed.
Vovegrove
tzner
Mangreen
XBury
Minha Lutfiteather
Wood
zill
KooperTorthan
FEpping Greensted to
E 오
​Weld
* Parslon Hallit Parslovkom. Willie
I
Rose Hall : 10
Kites
Hunton By.
Epping Place
Hall
S! Mimo
a
Adorm plesola
Worlies
Maldoni
Chesham Bois Latimer Sarret Hauis Langley Bury,
Vuondon Masur"
z Munderd
1 Aldenham
a Bells,
bhoda tekid
Kenda
Bar Cattle Gate
(copt
Hali
Sarrat Gr.
Thebbalds Park Waltham
Pandon
VAmersham
Lea RĞ Mundet
LES
Russel
Hide
Bluckmore
Com .
Earm li
Cross
ulj
1
Stanford Rwers
Hall
White
StondonPl.
lottery Radlet Newberryo e
Gregories Parte Hali
Dancers End Enfield
Varret Micklefield Gr.
Flaunden
Waltham
Smith
Littlebury
Covden
the Grove Lodge
Hall
High Crofo
Woodcopios
Theydon Hare Str:
Hill
Frierning Hall
Gladmore
[Garnish Hau!
Halil Kelvedorf Doddinghent
me e Lodge
Derhamers
Aidenham
L 오
​Hill.
t Ingat/ton
Reynold
A/Bushy Hall
Kür End Heath 1 West Lodige
Stapdeford
1 Place
Chorley
Watford
Buclet
E PPK
Medbourn
L_Fheo-
/123
spracony/ Navartoe
Fort Hill
*Hadley Chacel e Enfield
Lando
Doddinghurst !
Kings
Crosley Gr.
valdo Lando
Enfield
Yrue Loves.
Amertham
c Oak
• Chip Barnet Blen House
Godling
Ron
ipsat. Green Mok
Fox
Debden
'Bourn
Hall
Senardstone
Thoby Ingatgtone
Carnoldy
Tues.
Lashio Ur:
New House
Barham Wood
Wiggin Hall
Hatch Le
Mon: -
Green
Jsweet
FLo ci
Brice
L 요
​Rowley
Hall
Lit. Bushy Zdlestry
Mount Pleasant SouthLodge
Durance
Alins Nawtock Com.
*Baynardo
.
• Gr.
Prickhill H.
Loughton
PonderEna
flickmanfwor
Up? Grange Money Hill Fat
Ochey Hall Bushy
Büsh Hill
Warren How
Abridge Halti ( Soapte ford. Abbots
Howeman
To Wolham Lamborn
Munnassing
„Baudes
Mile End
Mary Hill
Dil Barnet
FordGreen
Winchmore
Zon Street
Hill
Hon. Sider
Hon Hall
오 ​오
​Bottom Earm.
Zotterlage
More Náu Thieves Hole. "Buchen A\Brockley Hills
Woodwick
Hill
aickov
Rold
. Dens Hall Green
Pilgrims Hatch
Shenhild
Havering
Hall
ecotone
Thodcocks More Pard Oxhey Place
Poland Green
Wood)
Southgate
Chigwell S Knole Hall
Plain Hon
X
Horn
Highwood Hill Side
Hill Bacher
PotterSt. Brooks Hill
Stony Field
Hill
Palmersi Edmonton!
Faulty Green
Hocome Hill
Moated at Mount Friday Hill
V
Gr.
Chionell
Hale
Weald Green
Wier Hall
Eriam
Skiplutgo
Paper Mills
Heath Hill,
Chalfont
Hou.
Mill Hill
Rów
Stanmore
l Havering
Tuxborough
Wright Bret
Brentwood
Page
°Blunts
Hutton
Hatch End
? Bonne
West
Bleal Hall
SGyles
Bell Hammondo
Bedstile
Side
Th.
Stk.
canons
Vouth Weld
Dagnams
Tolner
Harefield Com a Nobelchood Hally
Seet Green
#javering Pk Brickhii
infohlen
J 오 ​오
​Hatch
&
Wood
Edonorth
Corner
Chingford
Hill House
Watch
2 오
​zindau
오 ​오
​Frith
Rigelip
Hall Whitchurch
North End
pa
Gingrave
Cockrels o lands
Troy
Chalfont
Earm
Hale
Dolest
Breakspear
RedHun
Hainault
ISPátery
•Brol Street
Tottenham
Harrow Weald
Whilton
Heron
Chalfont
Woods Gr.
Pollio Finchley Bromazed creen
? Lodge
l Harefield Pinners Gr
Laters
ο
Parko
House
Herndon
Pinner
Past End.
is ham Hall fond ( Hainault
Heron Gate
Kenton
Boyls.
Pettito Readen Court
Hale
Green
Nowver Hill
Hill Duchess Fm Tottenham
Moon Hall
Dah Mill
Parbrons Stric
Clay: Forest Collier Row
Dunton
Hide
Ascot Greenhill Gr.
Hall
Beconffield
High Crofo
& Collins
le Gerrard
2 오
​Alury
Brakes
Warley
Demo Farm
오​..
Haylet
"Ηοιιοε
inigolruy
23
West Gm
Thur.
Walthamston
Tayiết,
Marks
Geris
(Tomkins
Harej
Thondan PU
Penham
Brent Ber:
Bustode
Harian
Crouch
Thorndor
Street
Wood Childerdihs
End
2 요
​Blackenburgh
Green
Hill
High
Pytanford Hill
Hauth
Rumford Nemo - -
Friand
Hin
24
{Warley Par: Tre Thorndon
Hodgerley Dean
1, Kingsbury
Wanstad
Redhill
Vwes.
Roxeth Green Russell Sett
gate
Lon Hall
"
Green
R. Nothing
North Endı!
Valentines
Hall
Hill
Warley magt
Pentando
t
Ickenham
Childs Hill
Dalsgp
Manti
2 요
​Wembley
Farnham
오​.
Alde bubrables
Hill
UPAN Stroud & Nonington
Hau Upminster
? Sudbury Gr. Grpen
Lion
Swakelewa le
Clapton
Benkryo Horn Schu.
o
Hall
Upminster
Hedth
Fullmer.
Round
Weedsden
Priors
Bury Huse 2
Greenford Green
Stone
Tyford) Mag East. Brook Endos e Maler South
Hummertori brickold
Belmonte
Wilsden Woollop Full
Nolce Hill
1 Hall
Zuid House
Uxbridge
Mapas.
Missenden szili
Belsize Copenhagen
Wick
Zoxford
S End Jo. Gains #cranham Cay Tey
CK
В.
Kentish T.
S
Hedgemang
Northolt
Bulvan
tande
Brittons
Islington U
Vicer iz Apaton Miedener. Brands waarind
Jenkins Hides
Ha deney
Uwarren mou
Farnikuam
Leases
Zanodon
Carpburn
Corbets Tay
Küllrurn
Greenford
Telust.
Tilburna Chalcot. Pancraf
hasnology West Ham
Hull
Bulvani
Dabenham
Stolcel
Thetmine
Bri. Twyford Holsdon Gr.
Par Barking Gale St;
Bethnal
Pottery Ban
West End
,
Sat.
Gr.
Periwalex
Sutton) - Suning,
Easiliary role
Louigley
Ernyford
Groove
Kindel Gr.
Plaston
SHaxton
d Ford
Marybone Batter:
காயப்பம் |Paire
BulvanFare Hunger
Plathet
Sitzhangers
LoveG
Stratford
,
Hall
Western
Common
Veeltzeath
Farm
LeBón.
Mear
Ally
Wisterpoor
Green
Cockermouth Ditele Barnicle
Green
•Old Oak Well
Dormans Wei Cantle Bears Hanger Hiu Place
Could GLS
Street
sth Okendon it
Z. Acton
Dover
Happ.weit Zangen, Farm
Iver
\Cotton GO
The Half way Tree
Paddington
Dryett Fan Horndon-
Brambey BromleyHall_ East Ham
Rainham
Vsch End Langley
Chelverllon
Wormhold
Rochelle
Satt
Worthcote
Preavesley
Dagenham
Szlingipazite Havengh
Sharemare: Green
Stepney
(oryett Hall
Breach
32
32 Eton Wick
Acton
Plastow
Moor Hall BelMouse's
Norlando
Poplar
Half
tort. På.
Iton
Centu
Dravton
Sutton
Southolt Hall
Levels
Elung
way House
Baker
Ford Howe
min Sipon
Norwood Fish Road Eling
Shepherds Bush
Galliontree
Zyrnham Gr. Pading yirick Ringangton
Bridor
Doek
Wennington
Nefs
Zanimersmith
Old Brent-
All
patched
Brum ptore
le
Abeley
with and
Zard
Pittori
2
Powder
오
​Harling iton ?
Gr.
olf
Word ordez
Trelsea
This pick
Chelsea
Magazine
Fanns
Gr. Coln
Lefoneſ Ally
Sufford
Newly HartonEna
Fri.
Hay mondo north
Hospital
Tiit Chelsea
lettoncesy
Kcast
Brentforan
brook
E. Coombe Woolwich
Vallom
Knots Farm
Church beesing Heath
Barned
Mali morcha !
6. Purfleet
Sat.
Gravel
Charlton 2
Arbour
오
​Sutton foring Group
inford.
Syor
Grotte
Depttelu
Autham
Howe
Chad vell
Smattary
Bridge Layton
Zuly
오​왜오
​Emd
Ved Jati
Frith
High House
Dartfond dreek
Horton
„Perry Place
Greenwich, Common Plumsted
TW. Sheen
Batteriea
Hounslow
Tattohm tau!
Plumsted
Royal Clervatory
Wolly
"The die Ihurrock
the Lodge
2 오
​fwth End
old Windy
Black Heath
StandU
House
Torton
Hithero
Park
2 오
​West Thurrock
2.1
Clapham
Charlton
Islenforth
lie
por G.
Grayes Within
Elvenehm
Petram
Uhurrock
Ponder Milli
Mordin
Women Terug
Thixton Dean
Baber
w.goed
Stone
I
!191 College
오 ​Peckhlm
2 오
​Stanwell
Ewt Sheetz e e
Place ?
Bri.
Ness
Wellin
Ricklemarsh Shootert Hill
Wunho
Bedfont
Tilbury
Marsh
Archer fiesta ing
Joyce
2
Wit
Mofory
Voom.Pd
East
Causewax
Wandfor
Lee Green Whale au
Tilbury Tort
-
"Windojvorihilom.
Folle Leni Thand
Bedfout
Ferry
Inickenham
Lodge LQ
Eltham
Dansar
Houston
per Parc Lodge Putney
28
Ballam Playmay
Blendon.
Tadt
Breckleyibert
Feltham
Greenhyth
28
Fulridge
Strawberry Hill flowe. Peterphiam
오오
​houd
Herih le Garrat
- Place
Halld
I the Lodge
Ulwesend Beach
Mon.......
2 오
​Peitiersham loi
Eghama
t
Pulnqich Brackley Horn Parka
Heath
Ashford
Memileton
South
Hurst Mouns
Stone
Vai al mond
Dartford
Tankvorth
End Black Fen.
Stone Worthfleet
Por der Millo
Vrywin
Eighlands. Budchen Ruhe anchoo Pound
Hyth
Strethanol
Do Graveſ end
sad Upayer Mills
Warfark
Felthame
vroping
21
Lamborbey
Knight
Gr. Parks Wide
Green Mottinghoven
2 오
​Welplice
Mask Haŭ
Wed.g
Sad
Hill
2 오
​오 ​오오 ​오
​Halpauser
Sidnd mPlace o
Winiretorgs
Wilmington
Lowier
Crens Farm
Comm тя
Milton PLUI
2 요
​Kenton
Stypexhami
Tonang
오 ​오
​South Park
of North Cray Halley
Gallon
Swansembre
Laleham
Pest Street
Sedcup North Cray
fome
Hampton ren Lodge
Tuntleton
Charlton
Clay end Gr.
오​.
South End
2 Well
Zane
Halley House
Londim
con peut
Frog Pool Loltof Gray
Daient
Chalk
Stroud
Sunbury
Bushey P.
Murun MU
Sat
Empsted
Croydon Lee
Thorne
Betſsom
Vhornd
Vhonden Tomb
Martin
Polland
Plaiston Pricken Ends
Nor Wood ..
Sutton at Hone
Gr: Vervoorth Valle
& Southfleet
Mortser
S.Johns
Farm
ingo
Wootsis
otne
Hogwton
Mitcham Hill \
Ferris Up
Blacdebe
Huvt
-Sutton Street
Scadbury Nen House
Chilelhurst
Klington
Hill
Scadbury
Locom Becfenthash
Warrer2
Court
Green
Handford
W.Aõulver
Kingston
Bromlev
ime
Thornhill.
: Vockenden South Darent PSMangared Plice
AVU
El Shinglevelt
Zon. Hona
clay Hill
Plecom.
Green
Heath
Parden..!
ih. Emster place
"Pauls Cray
Ho Shepperton
y Hills
L 오
​Saytonen
Milles
ford
Court & Moulsen
Long Beach'Wood
M
Perry Gr.
Horton
Randall Wood
Bursor
Waltin Powder Mills
oursones
Nortono
Hardnih
Woodside
s Mary Cray
2
Elsmore
B1
온
​Crosſanand
Place
Hillot
2.
Budge Mi
Dito
sapidgade),
Farm
Cirout
Broad
End
12
°Widmore
Frallel
Nusted
Park
Loring Direttone Madden
Longfield
of the Pen
Bottled
Man
Green 2
Street
24
Waltora
24
Clay,
Weston Gi.
Nusted
Siuttor, Com
coniugal Shirley Mayor en Granvill or Masons Hill
t
Pedham
Esher Wirel
7derner Croydon
South Barrow
Bar chart
Farmingham Penis
tongford Hook scotham
Chertsey L. Addlastoz
Mit
Malden link
Green
.
West. Zoal
Weputa
Absconde
aten von MB lemley com
Worcester Hou
Tanglej
e
Tere We Hervome Pl?
Arjunglon
오
​đăna Chan.
Go perzil
+
umber Hit
Hoo Green
el Combe
Locks Windose
Hartley
Fackford
to Canterbury
Suttor
I coars
Ottershan,
ratiner Mild. Woddende
Che rington Cold Harbour
Cheam
Ether
Park
2 Farm
Longfield ft Meopham
Earm
ComA burst
Brick
Clay Gate
Bowth
Bonvoley
SL Chelifield Lullingstons Fullingstone PA
House
on Esher
Westor Akram
Porle Haliño
Green Street
North Ash
Harddy
to Court
Pitfield Green
Denmuita Iyanyard Farm
Chotiwan
Loner
Bridge Warren Hui
Millo)
# Farntorough Green
Green
Addington
Trho rham Cast.
"Woodhani. Byfleet)
Chefin con
Chioarë Bafrokos
Halyng
North End
Veludope , Addýington Geston
Chinham
L - L 오 ​2 오
​Opel Grave Hedojesi'
Com.
Loung,
Preston
3 Lodge
$ +Kingsdonn
Doni
Leves
Stroughters Woodhain leath
Horton lace
Sander
South Street 2
Esher
Haver Place
South
Byfleet Br.
I sted
Donne Madamu Waisted P4 Halsted
Epsorte
Gr.
Coupítey
ook com
South Ash Ridley
E
Shorham
Court Hill
Colverfore Green ?
Aturxophis
Sanderuded
Žamberts pako
New House Kingadonn St.
Färder
오​.
Oaku
tolliam Str.
오오
​Filstone
Woodland
+ Cudham
Koitlenveld
2
Hound
Cobham
Paino
mi LlOkeared Tora
Buggir
Stansted
Hill
Wood
N
Е.
Ryder
Screet
Wolding Featht' r
difcordham
Woodmaraton
Witley
Zpoom
Warlingham
e 오
​Stansted
Comford
turvam 8 ☆ Otford
(Mill
20
Heath Pwford
ochirum fcomo Red hill
Chelshan
Dunton
20
Įrottesdiffe
ude
Zouches
howe
Woodcot Raíces
Oxford 1 Park
Liende
Coisdon
Bansteart
It
Donn
Mont
Tetore Thevening Places
Eversham je traditions
Egly Farm
Zene
Hill
Woogate Birting
Side
TJtoices
Astedt
Marams
Garsdon
Great Weor
Wrotham
Mayford bry
Cobham Marinminen
Ovenidge/Green
Court
Borlorgh Ho
Bidle tead
Mill
clere
Court
Badl-orne #Seale
Mamton
Rüer Haugland
fonds Addington
Tadworth
Woking
Bradborne the
Farm Tay
Bradley
Yaldham
Br.
Ryarth the
Rescoke
Cow't
Plake pronenen Waterden
Bantead Dionns
Green
Farm
Grange
Hou.
Pyhurstt
Gomd Bank
Ightham t
The gen 20)
Wilderness
Harmey Brickhilli.
Leatherhead
# Sundrish
Addington Pals.
to Penil
Borough
Seal Chate
Suttoh Hou.
Heath
dals,don
Flint Hall
Sevenoak
16 Brosted Pt. Hippingtonº
Green Careing
Lady
Burnt Com. Batchelor
Bitchet Gr.
Sevet
Pound
Court
Coimoliz
29
Sata
Fletchjam
"Weftram
1
Weft
Basted
Graveling Hatoh
☆
Zingfield
Ightham chate
[ Lori mail
Pondo,
Vittle
Iww Wed.
YClanildo i
Riu
Jury
γέ
,
Nortells Bpolchant or Bookham
Purecko
arter
none
Plaxtoote t
mined
tom.Squirries
Norbury
Green
Common
Challefable
\PL
오
​e escomp Chap 230
Burham
W.Howley
Leştiherhead
Vaper Mill
Comunion
North
Kent hatch
Telpadley
Stoughton
Hwer Hill
Effingham
E Horley
Micklehams
Ameyoe Com.
14
Flint Hali
Eainante
3 Well Street !
• Refferayo?
Donde
than
West East
the Mote
Dodgrinique
bel Weeksfield farghage
Pendhill
Outed
Kotits
Aclandon Clandora
오오오
​Colchami Harmons Str.
Stokell ole
Here the River Mote
Street
오 ​오
​Sptreets Oyed
Collopo
Sertiard
Shipborne Dunckd Green Camp Wood?
kun under Ground
Gatton,
Godtlone
Hearn Pour 16
Watford Ho. T
Polódon Westo amble'
Wigger St.
en tfield Parys
115
I 오
​Middlet till en
e 오
​mannor
Buckland
Bor
Viedhill
Meroe
Giles Street
He
Sat A22
Ble to hingley
GUILFORD 28
20
28
16
X
24
the
12
24
32
TIT
16
20
4
Darking
8 Reygate **
4
0
British Statute Miles.
Longitude East & West from the Meridian of London.

Baby
0
Maryl me
22
o
Fontile End
to
IMINSTEK
Poör
4
Guzzana
14899
West Dovtedy Botwell
Kensing Hide
ti Orsett?2
o
/ South
Hanwell tom.ffling G
معانا
OO
9
Reich
till
Street
Green Perry
Zodge
Etor
P.tof Kent
Galliont Reach
Gankord Northside
Woouvon reach
Osterley Wick
*
EWARK
Evelston Spotill
fon
Dobis
Gold Harbour
7
Pile
amabure
14 Green
인
​Ipongford Rings
Ferry
Witoombe" + Woolwich,
o
Voo
Börs
Die Windsor
Hou
q 오
​G
A
Trong Reach
9
. 오
​os
0
Redmond Mordache
لولو
o
요 ​오
​Foto
29
Darent
hthony
Putrley
2 오
​2 2
e May
Moly
M brion
el
Min Gate
lice i
DATA
Whitfon
"Bristora
2
오
​༢༠
L
Rowhampton
30
& Crayford
2.
2.
trentenai
I 요
​RSK
2 오
​Pitt
13.A
end
LeePlace
O
15
Gr
Stains
pont
Geen
unds
0
croll
Deetle Ham
Jedding
ton
o
_IL
Rush"Hether Gri
2 오
​Feed
Old
Lodge
ta
Stone Castle Northfeet?
E
stundtatoria
오오​.
Parke
With Rae
0
Sheepoot your handler
14,4
Denrich, Berryst
,92 Wydenhain
O
Piggs Manh
Ferty
Outlet
O
Vorhflect
Wybie zal Street
Rooksley Farm Sutton Place
to
В
B
OZ
o
R.
9 feny
MKU
O
Green Sw: Hvok
Knor rumps
interfden
Lower Morden:
Thames
10 Saks
Post
10
2 2
Chertley
3
Thones
NENOR
te Wed
O
White Hill
오월
​o_
Iron
blue
Facome . Longfield Court
Wed Kevingtown
9
Slall 32.
Gr'. o
Shine
Pot.
0
4
MU
Peddi
Worobunka , հու
2
오 ​오오
​Heescolhar
Lor
Cheam
Se
Llynsford caysures Wood
2.
0
tog
20
els
2 오
​9
O
*Ash
Boump R
R
o
9
Rushmore Hill
Arenteitairínout
9
com
S
pama
.
Unitham
GouffR
S
Butole:
2
Chit
so
99
0
SA
Endom
o
tos
o
Facey T
REpsories
•Hogs had
Kemqing Ash Reed Seamled Papeet
efellet
Goldu ego
오
​2
Soluth StrCrebening,
0
240
(Part
Kortrofálo posodon
o
IS
Molek
Ripley Chapte 16
Send Heath of Love
Bedelje: pl.
TOM
a
katerim
Plodie.
o
spravne
24
.
Chipsted:- (Chiffled
Steltoy (Nation
Idle Hill
instituut
Malling
Crorsch
2 오
​Vechi
8
. 오
​Les
Nenland
A Mee ettet
Parke
2
OY
Roman
. Dubunge
ri
-
Michland W. Horsley
Place
.
오 ​오
​16 Guilford
30
Kefer Films
Zoates of
Oxenboath
Hogdan,
2
to
Chalk Pitt
2 2
Snage Hau
26
DAN
N.B.The Borough Tonns are distinguished by Stars and the Market days and their Distances from London are annexed to each Tonn.
3

633
dead.
66
66
;
HISTORY and SURVË Ñ of LONDON.
Piæ Memoriæ V. Opt. Sacrum.
nature, « that things joined ſhould be looſed,"
in the year of our Lord 1626, and of his age
Hic jacet Humphredus, dux ille Gloceftrius olim:
Henrici fexti protector, fraudis ineptæ
66.
Detector, dum ficta notat miracula cæci
To the memory of ſo great a man, this was
Lumen erat patriæ, columen venerabile regni,
. erected by Sir Thomas Meautys; who re-
Pacis amans, Muſiſque favens melioribus ; unde
verenced him while living, and admires him
Gratum opus Oxonio, quæ nunc fchola facra refulget.
Invida fed mulier regno, regi, fibi nequam,
Abftulit hunc, humili vix hoc dignata fepulcro.
The late dutchefs dowager of Marlborough had
Invidia rumpente tamen, poſt funera vivat.
a feat here, and which now belongs to lord
Spencer, built by the late duke upon the river
In Engliſh thus:
Verlam, which runs through the garden ; and
who alſo built handſome alm ſhouſes at che en-
Sacred to the pious 'memory of an excellent man.
trance of the town.
Interrd within this conſecrated ground
The following remarkable inſcription and cha-
Lies he, whom Henry his protector found;
racter is cut upon the fedeſtal of a fine ſtatue of
Good Humphrey, Glo'ſter's duke, who well could ſpý
Fraud couch'd within the blind impoſtor's eye:
the late queen Anne, carved by the noted Mr.
His country's light, the ſtate's rever'd ſupport,
Ryſbrack, and erected at St. Albans, at the
Who peace, and rifing learning, deign'd to court;
expence of the durcheſs, in gratitude to the me-
Whence his rich library, at Oxford plac'd,
mory of that excellent princeſs :
Yet fell beneath an envious woman's wile,
Both to he, ſelf, her king, and kingdom, vile;
" Queen Anne was very graceful and majeſtic
Who ſcarce allow'd his bones this ſpot of land;
s in her perſon; religious without affectation.
Yet ſpite of envy fhall his glory ſtand.
" She always meant well. She had no falſe am,
« bition, which appeared by her never complain-
In digging for a grave about forty years ago, ing at king William's being preferred to the
the ſtairs leading to the vault where the body lies,
crown before her, when it was taken from the
were diſcovered. It contains a leaden coffin, with
“s king her father, for following ſuch counſels,
the body preſerved by the pickle it lies in, except " and purſuing ſuch meaſures, as rendered the
the legs, from which the fleſh is waſted, the " revolution neceſſary. It was her greateſt af-
pickle of that end being dried up. On the wall “ fiction to be forced to act againſt him, even for
at the eaſt end of the vaulc is a crucifix painted, ſecurity. Her journey to Nottingham was ne-
with a cup on each Gide of the head; another at ver concerted, but occaſioned by the great
the ſide ; and a fourth at the feet.
« confternation ſhe was under at the king's ſud-
The weſt end of the choir hath a noble piece 56 den return from Saliſbury.
of Gothic workmanſhip, for the ornament of the " She always paid the greateſt reſpect to king
high altar. And there are many curious models " William and queen Mary; never inſiſted upon
and coins to be ſeen in the church, which have any one circumſtance of grandeur, more than
been dug out of che ruins of old Verulam, “what was eſtabliſhed in her family by king
Beſides this venerable piece of antiquity, there “ Charles II. though, after the revolution, the
are in this town three churches, viz. St. Michael's, was preſumptive heir to the crown, and, after
St. Peter's, and St. Stephen's,
“ the death of her ſiſter, was in the place of
In the church of St. Michael, is a monument of prince of Wales.
the famous Francis Bacon, lord Verulam, and Upon her acceſfion to the throne, the civil
viſcount of St. Albans. It was erected by Sir 66 lift was not increaſed. The late earl of Go.
Thomas Marrin, who had been ſecretary to this “ dolphin, lord high treaſurer of England, ofren
great man. The philoſopher is ſitting thought " ſaid, that from accidents in the cuſtoms, and
fully in an elbow chair ; and on the monument is lenicy in the collection, it did not ariſe, one
this infcription :
year with another, to more than five hundred
6 thouſand pounds a year.
Franciſc. Bacon, Baro de Verulam, Sti. Albani Viceco. " She had no variety in her expences, nor
Seu notioribus titulis,
bought any one jewel in the whole time of her
Scientiarum lumen, facundiæ lex,
reign.
Qui, poſtquam omnia naturalis fapientiæ,
“ She paid out of her civil liſt many penſions
Et civilis arcana evolviſſet,
granted in former reigns, which have ſince
Naturæ decretum explevit,
“ been thrown upon the public.
Compoſita ſolvantur,
An. Dom. 1626. Ætat. 66.
«. When a war was neceſſary to ſecure Europe
"Eanti viri mem. Thomas Meautys, ſuperſtitis cultor; againſt the power of France, ſhe contributed,
Defuncti admirator.
" in one year, towards the war, out of her civil
“ liſt, one hundred thouſand pounds, in eaſe of
In Engliſh chus.
“ her ſubjects.
" She granted the revenue ariſing from the
Francis Bacon, baron of Verulam, and viſcount “ firſt fruits, to augment the proviſions of the
of St. Albans; or by his more known titles,
pourer clergy.
the light of the ſciences, and the law of elo “ She never refuſed her private charity to pro-
quence; was thus accuſtomed to fit; who, af-
per objects.
ter having unravelled all the myſteries of na « Till a few years before her death, ſhe never
cural and civil wiſdom, fulfilled the degree of “ had but iwenty thouſand pounds a year for her
54
privy.
6C
Sic fedebat,
66
7 X

634
HISTORY and SUR V Er of LONDON.
" privý purſe: At the latter end of her reign, In the fields adjoining to St. Albans, Garinus,
" it did not exceed twenty-fix thouſand pounds a an abbot of that place, founded, about the year
year; which was much to her honour, becauſe 1190, an houſe or hoſpital for fix poor perfons,
it is ſubject to no account. And as to her robes and leprous women. It was dedicated to the
" it will appear by records in the exchequer, || Virgin Mary, and called St. Mary de la Pray ;
that in nine years ſhe fpent only thirty-two which, in courſe of time, became ſo well endow-
"" thouſand and fifty pounds, including the coro ed, that a princeſs, and ſeveral nuns of the order
s nation expence.
of St. Benedict, were maintained here. Cardinal
" She was extremely well bred, treated her Wolſey, commendatory abbor of St. Albans,
“ chief ladies and ſervants as if they had been procured, about the year 1528, a bull from pope
“ her equals. Her behaviour to all that ap Clemenc VIII. for the ſuppreſion of this nun-
proached her was decent, and full of dignity; nery, and annexing the revenues to the monaſtery
" and ſhewed condeſcenſion, without art or of St. Albans; but on the ſixth of June, in the
meanneſs.
lis
20th year of Henry VIII, he obtained a grant of
it, together with all the lands belonging to that
• All this I know to be true.
houſe, for himſelf. After the cardinal's attain-
der, the king exchanged it for other lands, with
56 SARAH MARLBOROUGH. the abbey of St. Albans.
56 MDCCXXXVIII."
B A N S T E D.
>>
Near this town two bloody battles were fought This village is ſituated between Darking and
between the houſes of York and Lancaſter : the Croydon in Surry, and is remarkable for pro-
firſt upon the twenty-third of May 1455, in which ducing a great quantity of walnuts ; but much
the Yorkiſts got the day; the ſecond on Shrove more for its downs, one of the moſt delighful
Tueſday, in the 39th of Henry VI. when the ſpots in England, on account of the agreeable
martial queen Margaret overcame the Yorkiſts, ſeats in that neighbourhood; for the extenſive
who had chen the king in their power, and fought proſpect of ſeveral counties on both ſides the
under the fanction of his name.
Thames, and even of the royal palaces of Windſor
In the middle of this town king Edward I. and Hampton Court; and for the fineneſs of the
erected a very ſtately croſs in memory of queen Curf, covered with a ſhort graſs intermixed with
Eleanor, who dying in Lincolnſhire was carried thyme, and other fragant herbs, that render che
through St. Albans to Weſtminſter, where ſhe mutton of this tract, though ſmall, remarkable for
was interred.
its ſweetnefs. On theſe downs there is a four miles
St. Albans ſends two members to parliament, courſe for horſe races, which is greatly frequented.
has a large market, eſpecially for wheat, on Sa-
turday; and three annual fairs, viz. the 25th of
BARKIN G.
March, the 17th of June, and the 29th of Sep-
tember, all for the ſale of horſes, cows and ſheep, This is a large market town in Eſſex, ſituated
and for hiring of ſervants.
about eleven miles from London, on a creek that
On the weſt ſide of the river Ver, oppoſite to leads to the Thames, from whence fiſh is fent up
this town, ſtood the ancient and famous city of in boats to London, the town being chiefly in
Verulam. When Julius Cæſar invaded Britain, habited by fifhermen.
Verulam was a large and populous place, though This pariſh has been ſo much enlarged by
the only remains of it at preſent are, the ruins of lands recovered from the Thames, and the river,
walls, and ſome teſfalated pavements and Roman Rothing, which runs on the weſt ſide of the
coins, which have from time to time been diſco town, that it has two chapels of eaſe, one at
vered by digging.
Ilford, and another called New Chapel, on the
About the year 1666 there was dug up in this ſide of Epping Foreſt ; and the great and ſmall
place a copper coin, which on one ſide had Ro tyches are computed at above 600l. per annum.
mulus and Remus ſucking the wolf; and on the At a ſmall diſtance from the town, in the way
other, the word Roma, much defaced.
to Dagenham, ſtood a large old houſe, in which
When the Romans drove from hence the pow. the gunpowder plot is ſaid to have been firſt pro-
erful Caffibelinus, who is ſuppoſed to have been jected.
king of the Caſſii, they plundered the town of
Verulam; but the inhabitants living quietly under
B A R N E T.
their government, they were rewarded with the
privileges of citizens of Rome, and their town This town is ſituated in the road to St. Albans,
made a municipium, or city. This was one of eleven miles from London, on the top of a hill,
the two Roman cities that were taken and facked whence it is called High Barnet, and alſo Chip-
by the Britons, under the conduct of Boadicia, || ping, or Cheaping Barnet, from king Henry the
queen of the Iceni, in the reign of the emperor ſecond's granting the monks of St. Albans the
Nero, when a moſt dreadful Naughter was made privilege of holding a market here.
of the Rornans, and their allies. The other city In this town is an alms-houſe founded and en-
deſtroyed by the Bricons on this occaſion, was dowed by James Ravenſcroft, efq; for ſix widows.
Maldon, in Effex; but both theſe places were af Likewiſe a free-ſchool founded by queen Eliza-
terwards rebuilt, and flouriſhed under the Romans. beth, and endowed partly by that princeſs, and
2.partly

HISTORÝ and SURVEY of LOND O N.
€ ₂5
partly by alderman Owen of London, whoſe ad poliſhed, and very beautiful. This room opens
ditional endowment is paid by the fiſhmongers into the gallery, which is fixey feet long, twenty
company, who appoint twenty-four governors; broad, and twenty high; the ceiling, cornice,
by whom the maſters and uſhers are choſen to door cafes, and all the ornaments very elegant
teach ſeven children gratis, and all the other chil gile carving on white grounds. The crimſon bed-
dren for five ſhillings a quarter. The church is a chamber is very handſomely ornamented; and
chapel of eafe to the village of Eaſt Barner. the bed is placed in a parc ſeparated from the reſt
Here is a famous market for corn and cattle, of the room by pillars. This opens into the
held on Wedneſday; and fix annual fairs, viz. library, which is forty-five by twenty, and is
the 8th, 9th, and roth of April, for toys: and ſupported by very handſome pillars. In ſhort,
the 4th, 5th, and 6th of September, for Eng. the whole ficting up and furnishing this magnifi-
liſh, Welſh, and Scotch cattle.
cent ſtructure, is exceedingly fuperb. The rooms
This place is remarkable for a deciſive battle are hung with crimſon, and ſilks and damasks ;
fought in its neighbourhood on Eafter-day 1468, and the cornices, ceilings, door-caſes. ſlab, fofa;
between the houſes of York and Lancaſter, in and chair frames, all carved and gilt in a juſt
which the great earl of Warwick, ſtiled the ſet cafte. The chimney-pieces are very beautiful,
ter up, and puller down of kings, was Nain, toge being of white marble poliſhed, and ſome of
ther with many of the principal nobility, and ten them elegantly decorated with wreaths and fef-
thouſand men. The place ſuppoſed to have been coons of wrought marble.
the field of battle is a green ſpot near Kick's End, Beſides thele beautiful ornaments, this houſe
between St. Albans and Hatfield roads, a little is likewiſe adorned with many capital pictures, a
before they meet; and here, in the year 1740, a liſt whereof, for the ſatisfaction of the curious,
ftone column was erected, on which is a long in is here ſubjoined.
fcription, giving a particular account of that
battle.
Sampſon and Dalilah, Vandyke.
Eaſt Barnet is a pleaſant village ſituate near St. Cyprian a length, ditid.
Whetſtone and Endfield Chace, and was for The three royal children lengths, ditto.
merly much frequented on account of its medi Juno and Ixion, Rubens.
cinal ſpring, which was diſcovered in a neigh Rubens and his miſtreſs, ditto.
bouring common upwards of an hundred years Rubens, two figures, fowls and fruit; ditto and
ago. The church is a mean edifice; but the rec Snyders.
tory is very beneficial.
Figures by Rubens, a landſcape, ditto and
Here is the fine ſeat of the lord Trevor, to Brughel.
which queen Elizabeth gave the name of Mount David and Abigail, ditto.
Pleaſant.
A maid milking a goat, Jordans of Antwerp.
Though the following place is within the bill The good ſamarican, Syfti Baldelochi.
of mortality, yet as it is neither a town or vil The return of the prodigal ſon, Chev. Cala-
lage, it could not with propriety be inſerted in breze.
the laſt chapter.
Mofes ſtriking the rock, Valerio Caſtello.
The woman caken in adultery, Paul Veroneſe
BL A C KH E A T H.
Moſes and Pharaoh's daughter, ditto.
A counſellor, his wife and daughter, Titian.
This is a very extenfive plain ſituated to the Peter's denial of Our Saviour, M. A. da Cara-
ſouth of Greenwich, and is ſaid to have received vagio.
its name from the colour of the ſoil. It was on A holy family, Parmegiano.
this plain that Wat Tyler, the famous rebel in Mofes ſtriking the rock, Giacomo Baſſan.
the reign of Richard Il. muſtered near an hun A landſcape with cattle, ditto.
dred thouſand men. On the heath is an eminence The angels appearing to the ſhepherds, Baſan.
called Shooter's-hill, from whence there is a moſt Hiſtory of Cupid and Pſyche, iwelve pieces,
extenſive and beautiful proſpect ; and on the top
Luca Giordano.
of this hill is a ſpring, which conſtantly over Venus, Cupid and Satyrs, Philippo Lauro.
flows, and is never frozen in the ſevereft wea Dicco, dicto.
ther. Some time ſince a plan was formed for A landſcape with figures, Salvator Roſa.
building a ſuperb rown on this hill, and ſome of | Ditto, Franciſco Mola.
the houſes actually finiſhed ; but the deſign was Judith and Holofernes, Manfredo.
Jaid aſide, on account of the ground being fo full
Lewis Carrachi,
of ſprings, that no cellars could be formed, nor A facrifice, Nich. Pouſſin.
the foundations ſecurely laid.
Venus, Cupid and Sacyrs, ditto.
The only remarkable building in this place is Daphne changed into a laurel, ditco.
the magnificent ſeat of Sir Gregory Page, bart. A landſcape with figures, Gaſpar Pouſſin.
It is a noble building, with two handſome fronts ; Architecture and figures, Viviano.
that to the ſouth is ornamented with an Ionic por Ditco, ditto.
tico. The hall is a very elegant room, adorned Joſeph and his brethren, Paraccini.
with handſome pillars, and other ornaments in a Jacob embracing Benjamin, ditto.
good taſte. The dining-room is well propor A landſcape with figures, Claude Lorrain,
tioned, with a ſmall receſs for the fide board ; Ditto, Franciſco Mille.
the fitting up, rich carving and gilding, on a Ditto, dicco.
white ground; chimney-piece of white marble Three figures half lepgths, after Car. Maracci.
A

636 HISTORY and SURVÉr of LONDON:
mans.
52 pictures
I
I
2
nale
A quarter length, Albert Durer.
The golden age, Limburg.
A battle piece, Bourgognone.
The great church at Harlem, De Witt.
Ditto, ditto.
A landſcape with figures, Velvet Brughel.
An holy family, Solomini.
Ditto, ditto.
Paris and Helena, L'Araiſe.
A poulterer's ſhop, Old Meiris.
The judgment of Solomon, gallery chimney A fiſhmonger's ſhop, ditto.
piece, Pompeio.
A water piece, Zagtleven.
Hector and Andromache, drawing-room chim A hunting piece, Berchem.
ney-piece, Imperialis.
An Italian playing on the guitar, Brower.
Coriolanus, faloon chimney.piece, Imperialis and A landſcape with figures and cattle, Wouver-
Mafucci.
Architecture and figures, dreſſing-room chimney A ditto, ditto.
piece, Paulo Panini.
The holy family, Scalchen.
Architecture with figures, bedchamber chimney Ditto, ditto.
piece, ditto.
A woman with a torch, dicco
Ditto, yellow bedchamber chimney piece, ditto A ſchoolmaſter, Gerard Dowe.
Ditto, library chimney piece, after Panini. The offering of the kings, Polenburgh.
Ditto, yellow dreſſing room, ditto, Harding af Two ſmall figures, Venus and Adonis, Young
ter Panini.
Meiris.
Ditto, red dreſſing room over the chimney piece, A landſcape with cattle, Edema.
ditto
A landſcape with fowls and a dog, Craddock.
Ditto, ftore room chimney piece, ditto
In the Gallery
Ditto, over the doors of the red drawing room,
Drawing room 13
after Paulo Panini.
Saloon
8
Ditto, over the doors of the red drawing room,
Dreſſing room 32
Harding afr. Panini.
Bedchamber
Ditto, with figures over the door in the faloon,
Library
ditto.
Dining room
Ditto, dicto, ditto.
Attic itory
9
A landícape with figures, dining room chimney
piece, Lambert.
In all 118
A landſcape with figures, green dreſſing room
chimney piece, ditto.
BLECHIN GL Y.
A landſcape with figures, green bedchamber
chimney piece, by
This is a ſmall, ancient parliamentary borough,
Fruit and flowers, breakfaſt chimney piece, by ſituate twenty miles from London, in the county
Pharaoh's daughter and Mofes, Chev. Vander of Surry. It had a caſtle, which, with the ma-
werff.
nor, is or was ſome years ſince in poſſeſſion of the
Meſſage by the angels to the ſhepherds, ditto family of Sir William Clayton. The bailiff,
King Zeluchus giving his kingdom to his ſon, who returns its members, is choſen annually at
ditto.
the lord of the manor's coure. The town ſtands
Shepherds and ſhepherdeſſes dancing, ditto. on a hill, on the ſide of Holmſdale, with a fine
Hercules between Virtue and Vice, ditto
proſpect as far as the fouth downs, and Suffex;
Roman Charity, ditro.
and from ſome ruins of the caſtle, which are ftill
Jofeph and Potipher's wife, ditto.
viſible, though overgrown with a coppice, there
Mary Magdalen reading in a grotto, ditto. is a proſpect eaſt into Kent, and weſt into Hamp-
Bathſheba bathing, ditco
ſhire. Here is an almſhouſe for ten poor people,
Our Saviour and Mary Magdalen, ditto.
and a free ſchool for twenty poor children. It
Venus and Cupid, dito.
has a handſome church, which had a ſpire, buc
Chevalier Vanderwerff, his wife and daughter, in 1606 it was conſumed by lightning, and all
ditto
the bells melted.
Adam and Eve, Peter Vanderwerff.
This place ſends two members to parliament,
and Stratonica, dicto
though it has no weekly market; and here are
A landſcape with many figures, a fair at Ghent, two annual fairs, viz. the twenty-ſecond of June,
Sir D. Teniers.
and the ſecond of November, for horſes, bullocks
Ditto with figures, ditto.
Fruit and flowers, Van Huyſan.
Ditto, ditto.
CARS HA L T O N.
Fruit and Powers, ditto.
Ditro, dicto.
This village, which is in Surry, is ſituated
Ditto, ditto.
among innumerable ſprings, which altogether
A view of Venice, over the ſaloon door, Harding form a river in the very center of the place, and
af. Canaleti.
joining other ſprings that flow from Croydon
Ditto, ditto, ditto.
and Beddington, make one ſtream called the
Architecture, over the door in the gallery, ditto Wandell.
after Panini.
Though this village is thus ſituated among
Ditto, ditto, ditto.
ſprings, it is built upon firm chalk, and on one
of
and toys.

HISTORP and 'S URVEY of LONDON:
637
of the moſt beautiful ſpots on that ſide of Lon ſchool here, built by Sir William Perkins. Its
don, on which account it has many fine houſes market was granted by king James 1.
belonging to the citizens of London, ſome of
which are built with ſuch grandeur and expence,
CHE S H U N T.
that chey might be rather taken for the ſeats of
che nobility, than the country houſes of citizens This village is ſituate about three miles to the
and merchants. Mr. Scawen intended to build a ſouth of Hoddeſdon, in Hertfordſhire, and iş
magnificent houſe here in a fine park which is thought by fome to be the Ducalitum of Anto-
walled round, and great quantity of ſtone and ninus, which, in his Itenerary, he places fifteen,
other materials were collected by him for the purs miles from London, and which ſtands near the
pole; but the deſign was never carried into exe military way called Ermine-ſtreer.
cution. Here alſo doctor Ratcliff built a very In Killmo'e-fields, weſt of Cheſhunt, are the
fine houſe, which afterwards belonged to Sir John remains of a camp. The angle of the ſquare, or
Fellows, who added gardens and curious water rather oblong fortification, is ſtill remaining, and
works. It at length paſſed into the hands of the the rampart and ditch are very viſible for above
lord Hardwick, who fold it to the late William an hundred yards.
Mitchell, eſq; by whole family it is at this time There was formerly in this village a benedic-
poffeffed.
tine nunnery, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It
was founded about the year 1183, and afterwards
C A = H I O B U R Y.
augmented with the lands and tenements of the
canons of Cathel, in the 24th of Henry III. But
This is ſituated fixteen miles north of London, notwithſtanding this augmentation of its revenues,
in the county of Hertford; and is ſaid to have ic was valued, on the diffolution of religious
been the ſeat of the kings of Mercia, during the houſes, at no more than fourteen pounds one fhil-
heptarchy, till Offa gave it to the monaſtery of
it to the monaſtery of || ling per annum.
St. Albans. Henry VIII. however beſtowed it In the pariſh of Cheſhunt is a ſmall village
on Richard Moriſon, eſq; from whom it paſſed called THEOBALDs, where formerly was built a
to Arthur lord Capel, baron of Hadhain, and magnificent ſeat by lord treaſurer Burleigh; the
from him came by inheritance to be the manor of gallery of which was painted with the genealogy
the earls of Effex, who have here a noble ſeat of the kings of England, and from thence was a
erected in the form of an H, with a large park || deſcent into the garden, which was encompaſſed
adorned with fine woods and walks. The gardens
with a ditch filled with water, and large enough
were planted and laid out by Le Notre in the to have the pleaſure of rowing in a boat between
reign of king Charles II. The front and one ſide the ſhrubs. " It was adorned with a great variety
are of brick and modern, but the ocher ſide is of trees and plants, labyrinths made with much
very antique.
labour, a jet d'eau with its baſon of white mar.
ble, and with columns and pyramids. In the
C H E R T S E Y.
ſummer-houſe, the lower part of which was
builc ſemicircularly, were the twelve Roman em-
This town, which is ſituate in Surry, nineteen perors in whice marble, and a table of touch-
miles from London, has a bridge over the Thames itone ; the upper part of it was ſer round with
to Shepperton in Middleſex ; and its principal leaden ciſterns, into which water was conveyed
trade is in malt, which is ſent in barges from through pipes.
hence to London. It gives name to a hundred,
This feat the lord Burleigh gave to his younger
which has the particular privilege of being ex-
ſon Sir Robert Cecil, in whoſe cime king James I.
empted from the jariſdiction of the high ſheriff, ſtaying there for one night's refreſhment, as he
who muſt direct his writ to the bailiff of it, who was coming to take poſſeſſion of the crown of
is appointed for life by letters patent from the ex England, he was ſo delighred with the place that
chequer. It is noted for the burial place of Hen gave him the nianor of Hatfield Regis in ex-
ry V. whoſe bones were afterwards removed by change for it, and afterwards enlarged the park,
Henry VII. to Windſor; and for the retreat of and'encompaſſed ic with a wall ten miles round.
the celebrated poet Mr. Cowley from court to the This palace he often viſited, in order to enjoy the
exerciſes of a country life, the happineſs of which pleaſure of hunting in Enfield Chaſe and Epping
he has beautifully deſcribed in one of his poems; Foreſt, and at laſt died there. In the civil wars
as he has, in another, the baſe ſervility of a court it was however plundered and defaced ; ic being
life, and his hearty abhorence of it, in that well che place from whence king Charles I. ſet out to
known diſtich.
erect his ſtandard at Nottingham: king Charles
II. granied the manor to George Monk, duke of
Were I to curſe the man I hate,
Albemarle; but it reverting again to the crown,
Attendance and dependence be his face. for want of heirs male, king William III. gave it
to William Benninck, whom he created earl of
Here is a market on Wedneſdays, and four an Portland, from whom it deſcended to the duke
nual fairs, viz. the firſt Monday in Lent, for his grandſon: the great park, a part of which
horſes, cattle, and hops; the fourteenth of May, was in Hertfordſhire, and a part in Middleſex, is
the ſixth of Auguſt, and che cwenty-fifth of Sep now converted into farms.
tember, for horſes, cattle and toys.
Here are feveral houſes belonging to perſons of
At Coway Stakes, near this place, Julius Cæfar diſtinction; and in this neighbourhood Richard
paſſed the Thames. There is a handſome free Cromwell, who had been procector, but abdicared,
54
7 Y
paffed
he

638 HISTORY and SURVer of LONDON.
paſſed the laſt part of his life in a very private firſt of May, both for horſes, black cattle and
ſheep.
manner.
CRAY FOR D.
CHIPPING ON G A R.
TE
This town, which is ſituate two miles to the
mo
This town is ficuated twenty miles from Lon weſt of Dartford, and about fourteen miles from
don, in the county of Effex, and was formerly London, received its name from its ſituation on a
the manor of Richard Lacy, who being protector ſmall river called the Cray, over which there was
of England, while Henry II. was abſent in Nor formerly a ford. It is an obfcure town, and has
mandy, he built a church and a caſtle here with not any thing remarkable, except a ſmall marker
other fortifications, the remains of which are ſtill on Tueſday. But on the heath, and in the fields
to be ſeen.
near the place, are ſeveral caverns, from ten to
twenty fathoms deep, narrow at the top and wide
COBH A M.
at the bottom. It is ſuppoſed by ſome that theſe
were dug by the ancient Britons, and uſed by them
Though this town is but ſmall, yet it has ſome as granaries for ſecuring their corn, but others
good inns, being ſituated in the high road to fuppoſe they were made by the Saxons, as recep
Portſmouth, about fixteen miles from London. tacles for their wives and children, and effects,
It has two annual fairs, one on the ſeventeenth when they were at war with the Britons.
of March for toys; and the other on the eleventh To the ſouth of this town is Foot's Cray, a
of December, for horſes and ſheep.
ſmall place, remarkable for the elegant feat of
Near Cobham are ſeveral fine feats, particularly Bouchier Cleeve, eſq; called Foots CRAY PLACE.
that of Mr. Bridges, which is built in a very fin It was built by himſelf after a deſign of Palladio
gular taſte, ſomething after the model of an Ita of the Ionic order, and is very elegant. The
lian villa, but very plain on the outſide. The hall is octagonal, and has a gallery, round which
apartments within are very commodious, and the you are conveyed to the bedchambers. The fitu.
principal rooms elegantly fitted up, and richly or ation is pleaſant, and the proſpect from the houſe
namented. The offices below are very convenient, very good. The edifice is built of ſtone, buc
and judiciouſly contrived to anſwer the purpoſes the offices, which are on each ſide at fome
for which they were deſigned. But what chiefly diſtance, are brick. The diſpoſition of the rooms
ſtrikes the beholder's eye, is a falſe ſtory contriv. within the houſe appear to be very convenient,
ed on each ſide of the houſe, taken from the dif and the ſeveral apartments are elegantly finiſhed
ference in the height of the ſide rooms from thoſe and ſuitably furniſhed. The Chinefe bed, and
principal apartments; and theſe are converted in other furniture of this kind in the principal bede
to long galleries, with a ſmall apartment at one chamber, is perfectly beautiful. The gallery,
end, which affords a communication between which extends the whole length of the north front
them.
of the houſe is a very grand room, and is filled
The houſe is ſituated on an eminence, ſo that with pictures by the moſt eminent mafters; and
it commands a proſpect of the adjacent fields, there are ſeveral other good pieces of this kind in
which are kept in very exact order; and there is the dining room and parlour; a lift of all which is
a declivity from the houſe to the river Mole, as follows:
which paſſes by the ſide of the garden. Ic ftands
about a mile from the road, and is ſo much hid
Common Parlour.
by the trees near it, as not be ſeen till the
fpectator riſes on the heath beyond Cobham, Seven ſea pieces, Vandevelde.
where, in ſeveral parts of the road becween that A fmall dutch kitchen, Calf.
and Ripley are fine views of it.
Landſcape, Wynants.
There are in this neighbourhood two other ele Mocking Chriſt, Baſſano.
gant ſeats, one belonging to lord Ligonier, and View of the Rialto, Marieſchi.
the other to-Hamilton, eſq. The gardens View of St. Mark's palace, and a bull-feaſt at
and ornamented park of the latter is ſaid to be Venice, Canaletti and Chimeroli.
exceeded by few in England.
Moon light, Vandeneer.
Emblematical picture, Gulio Carpioni.
Landſcape under it, by Glauber ; figures by
COLNBROOK, or COLEBROOK. Laireffe.
Doge's palace, Carlovarin,
This town is ſituated in two counties, one part A ſea port and market in Holland, Wynix.
being in Middleſex, and the other in Bucking. || Landſcape by Glauber---figures by Laireſſe.
hamſhire. It ſtands on four channels of the ri A ſmith's ſhop, Old Wyke.
ver Coln, over each of which it has a bridge, and Oval landſcape, Lambert.
is about eighteen miles from London. It is ſituat-
ed in the high road to Bath, and has ſeveral con-
Gallery Weſt End.
fiderable inns by which it principally ſubſiſts.
Here is a charity ſchool, and an ancient chapel, Landſcape morning, Claude Lorrain.
faid to have been founded by king Edward III. Ditco evening, dicco.
Likewiſe a weekly market on Tueſday, and two
Venus and Cupid, Vandyke.
annual fairs, viz. the fifth of April, and the | Landſcape, Both.
Norib

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON,
639
North Front.
Adoration of the ſhepherds, Old Coloni.
Temple of the Muſes, Romanelli.
Suſanna and the elders, Guercino.
Wolf and dogs, by Sayders; the landſcape, by
Rubens.
Flower piece, Van Huyſum,
Abraham and Hagar, Rembrandt.
Landſcape, Paul Potter.
Jacob with his flocks, Roſa Tivoli.
Landſcape, Gaſpar Pouſſin.
Fruit piece, De Heem.
French king on horſeback, Vandermulen.
Three horſes mounted, Van Dyke.
Dutchman, Le Duck.
Boors drinking, Oftade.
Landſcape, Gaſpar Pouſſin,
Boys at cards, Morellio,
Faith, Hope, and Charity, Lorhetto di Verona,
Inſide of a church at Antwerp, De Neef, figures,
Old Franks.
Portrait, Rembrandt.
Magdalen, Franciſco Mola.
Democritus, in the poſture, Hyppocrates found
him in near Abdera. Salvator Roſa.
Admittance to ſee the houſe is by cickets from
Mr. Cleeve, every Thurſday during the ſum-
mer
Eaſt End.
CROYDON,
Judgment of Paris, Guiſeppe Chiari.
Landſcape, Hobima,
Paradiſe, Tempeſta.
Landſcape, by Paul Buill; figures Annibal
Caracci,
South Side.
Lapithae and Centaurs, L. Giordano.
Landſcape, Wouverman.
Country wake, Teniers.
Landſcape, Wouvernan.
View of Venus, Canaletti.
Holy family, Rubens.
Madona, Carlo, Dolci.
Chriſt bleſſing St. Francis, Annibal Caracci. 1
Dead Chrift, dicto.
Smith's forge, Brouwer.
Cat and boys, Old Mieris.
Dead game and figures, Snyders and Rubens.
Heraclitus and Democritus, Rembrandt.
Sea piece, Vandevelde.
Boy and goat, Vanderborch.
A view of the Rhone, Teniers.
Catele, Adrian Vandevelde,
Circumciſion, Paul Veroneſe.
View of Venice, Canaletti.
Venus and Adonis, Rubens.
A Dutch lover, Jan Stein.
A view near Harlem, Ryſdale.
Preſentation of Chriſt, Rembrandt.
Miraculous draught of fiſhes, Teniers,
Jan Steen playing on a violin, himſelf
Head, Hans Holbein.
Toilette, Merzu.
This is a very large and populous town, ſituate
on the edge of Banſtead downs, about eleven
miles from London, in the county of Surry. Ic
is ſaid that in this town was formerly a royal pa-
lace, which, with the manor, was given to the
archbiſhops of Canterbury, who converted it to
their uſe; but it is now greatly decayed. Arch-
biſhop Whitgift founded an hoſpital here, which
is a handſome building, in the form of a college,
and endowed with farms, for the maintenance of
a warden, and twenty-eight men and women,
poor decayed houſekeepers of this town and Lam-
beth ; and a ſchool for ten boys and ten girls,
who are all cloathed and taught, with a houſe for
the maſter, who muſt be a clergyman, endowed
with twenty pounds a year for his ſalary.
This church, which is the largeſt and fineft in
the county, ſtands by the palace, and contains
many remarkable monuments; particularly thac
of doctor Grindall, whoſe effigies lie on his tomb
in his epiſcopal robes. Another of archbiſhop
Sheldon, reckoned one of the fineſt in England;
and one for Mr. Tyrrel, a grocer of London,
who gave two hundred pounds to erect a markec-
houſe, beſides forty pounds to beautify the
church,
The town is encompaſſed with hills, well ſtored
with wood, of which great quantities of charcoal
are made, and ſent to London, The market is
chiefly for oats and meal, though there is a greac
fale of wheat and barley. Here are likewiſe cwo
annual fairs for cattle; one held the fifth of July,
and the other the ſecond of October.
DARTFORD or DARENTFORD.
Drawing Room.
Temple of Delphi, Petro da Cortona.
A retreat, Bourgognone.
Woman taken in adultery, Pordenoni,
Dead game, Fyt.
Field of battle, Bourgognone.
Diogenes, Salvator Rola.
Landſcape, Gaſpar Pouſſin.
This town is ſo called from its ſituation on the
river Darent, * which runs through it, and at a
ſmall diſtance falls into the Thames. It is fimuate
in Kent, Gxteen miles from London, in the high
road to Canterbury and Dover, and, on thac ac-
count, is remarkable for containing a great num-
ber of inns and other public houſes. The market,
which is on Saturdays, is chiefly for corn, and the
On this river the fineſt paper-mill in England was
erected by Sir John Spilman, who obtained a patent and
2001. per annum from king Charles I. to enable him to
carry on that manufacture: and on this river was alſo the
firſt mill for flitting iron bars to make wire.
03
town

649
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
town has the honour of giving the title of viſ-
count to the earl of Jerſey.
In this town king Edward III. about the year
1355, founded and endowed a celebrated nun-
nery, which he dedicated to St. Mary and St.
argaret. The priorefs and nuns were firſt of
the order of St. Auguſtine, then of St. Dominic.
and afterwards of St. Auguftine again. At the
diſſolution they were a ſecond time of the order
of St. Dominic, but under the government of
Black friars ſettled at Langley in Hertfordſhire.
It was endowed at the ſuppreſſion with yearly re-
venues amounting to 38ol gs.
The church, which is large, and dedicated to
the Trinity, has two church-yards, one round the
edifice, and the other without the town, on the
top of a hill, which is ſo high, that it overlooks
the tower of the church.
one houſe on the ſpot, which is inhabited by a
countryman and his wife, who carry the waters
in bottles to the adjacent places. Horſe races are
annually held on the neighbouring downs.
There are many fine ſeats in the neighbour-
hood, particularly lord Guildford's, lord Balti-
more's, the lady Fielding's, and the earl of Berk-
ſhire's. The town extends about a mile and a
half in a ſemicircle, from the church to lord
Guildford's feat at Durdam; and it has been ob-
ſerved that there are here fo many fields, meadows,
orchards, and gardens, that a ſtranger would be
at a loſs to know whether this was a town in a
wood, or a wood in a town.
E RI TH.
D AT CH E T.
This is a pleaſant village ſituated in Bucking-
hamſhire, about eighteen miles from London. It
is noted for its horſe races, and has a bridge over
the Thames erected in the reign of queen Anne.
In this pariſh is Dicton park, the houſe belong-
ing to which is an ancient and venerable manſion,
and was built by Sir Ralph Winwood, ſecretary
of ſtate to king James I. after which ic came into
the Montague family ; but on the demiſe of the
late duke the houſe and manor of Datchet came
to the preſent earl of Cardigan. The former is
built in the manner of a caſtle, ſurrounded by a
large moat, in the middle of the park, which is
well planted with timber. The apartments are
large and beautifully painted; and in the picture
gallery is a good collection of paintings, many of
which are executed by the beſt artiſts.
This village is filuate on the bank of the
Thames, about fourteen miles from London, in
the county of Kent. The village itſelf has not
any thing remarkable ; but on the brow of a hill,
nearly adjoining is BELVEDERE HOUSE, the man-
ſion of the late Sampſon Gideon, cfg. This
houſe commands a vaſt extent of a fine country
many miles beyond the Thames; which is about
a mile and a half diſtant. The river and naviga-
tion add greatly to the beauty of the ſcene, which
exhibits to the eye of the delighted ſpectator, as
pleaſing a landſcape of the kind as imagination
can form. The innumerable ſhips employed in
the immenſe trade of London are beheld conti-
nually ſailing up and down the river. On the
other ſide are proſpects not leſs beautiful, though
of another kind.
The houſe is but ſmall, though an addition has
been made of a very noble room, this and two
others are finely furniſhed with pictures, of which
the following is a catalogue. The collection,
though not numerous, is very valuable, it con-
taining none but pieces which are originals by
the greateſt maſters, and ſome of them very
capital
E G H A M.
In the long Parlour.
This town is ſituated on the bank of the
Thames, almoſt oppoſite to Staines, and three
miles on this fide of Windſor. It has ſeveral
good inns, a noble charity ſchool, and an alms-
houſe built and endowed by Baron Denham, ſur-
veyor of the works to king Charles II. for five
poor old women, each of whom has an orchard.
The parſonage houſe was formerly the ſeat of Sir
John Denham, who, rebuilt it. This Sir
John was father to the poet of thac name, who
made this ſpot his principal place of retirement.
View of Venice, by Canaletci.
Ditto, with the Doge marrying the ſea, ditto.
Time bringing truth to light, a ſketch, Rubens.
The Alchymiſt, Teniers.
Portrait of Sir John Gage, Holbein.
A landſcape, G. Pouſſin.
Battle of the Amazons, Rottenhammer,
The unjuſt ſteward, Quintin Matlys.
E PSO M.
In the Lobby.
Noah's ark, Velvet Brughel.
St. Catherine, Leonardo da Vinci.
Van Trump, Francis Hals,
Vulcan, or the element of fire, Baffan.
A picture of horſes, its companion, Wouver.
This is a very handſome and well built town in
Surry, fixteen miles from London. It abounds
with very genteel houſes, which are principally
the retreats of the merchants and citizens of Lon-
don, and is a delightful place open to Banſtead
Downs. Its mineral waters which iſſue from a
riſing ground'adjoining, were diſcovered in 1618,
and ſoon became extremely famous; but though
they are not impaired in vircue, they are far from
being in the ſame repute as formerly ; however,
the ſale made of chem is valued all over Europe.
The hall, galleries, and other public apartments,
are now gone to decay, and chere remains only
man.
Two inſides of churches, ſmall, De Neef.
A Dutch woman and her three children, Sir Ant.
More.
Rembrando painting an old woman, himſelf.
A courtezan and her gallant, Giorgione.
The golden age, Velvet Brughel.
Snyders

HISTORP and SURVEY of L ON DO N.
640
Snyders with his wife and child, Rubens. The park or ground in which the houſe is
Rebecca bringing preſents to Laban, De la ſituated, appears quite plain and unadorned; yet
Hyre.
perhaps not a little are has been uſed to give it
Boors at cards, Teniers.
this natural and ſimple appearance, which is cer-
The element of earth, Jai. Baffan.
| tainly very pleaſing. But in one part of it there
Marriage in Cana of Gallilee, P. Veroneſe. is a pretty wilderneſs laid out in walks, and
Two landſcapes.
planted with a variety of ever-green trees and
The genealogy of Chriſt, Albert Durer:
plants, with a grotto in it, and ſeats in different
Beggar boys at cards, Salvator Rofa.
places. The wood in the park is well diſpoſed,
Herod conſulting the wiſemen, Rembrandt: and conſiſts of fine oak, elm, and other trees ;
Marriage of St. Catharine, Old Palma.
and the whole country round appears finely ſhaded
Two fine bas relievos in braſs, one Bacchus and with wood.
Ariadne, the other Ceres teaching Triproleaius The other building with which this village is
the uſe of the plough, Soldani.
adorned is CLAREMONT, the ſeat of the late duke
of Newcaſtle, but now in the poſſeſſion of lord
In the Saloon.
Clive.
The houſe was deſigned and built by the late
The conception, painted for an altar-piece, Mu Sir John Vanbrugh, in a whimſical ſtile of archi-
rillo,
tecture. It was afterwards purchaſed of Sir John
The flight into Egypt, its companion, ditto. by his grace who made very conſiderable im-
Vulcan, Venus, Cupid; and fundry figures, an provements.
The ſtructure though ſingular,
emblematic ſubject, Tincoret.
does not appear to be irregular. It is built of
Mars and Venus, P. Veroneſe.
brick, with a great deal of variety in ir, and of
Chriſt among the doctors, L. Giordano.
conſiderable extent, but not much elevated.
Duke of Buckingham's three children, and a ſon Among the improvements made by his grace was
of Rubens, himſelf.
the addition of a grand room for the reception of
A landſcape, Claude.
company, when numerous, which makes the
Leopald's gallery, Teniers,
ends of the houſe not appear ſimilar. There is
Teniers's own gallery, its companion, ditto. a lawn in the front ſhaded on each ſide with trees,
and the ground behind it riſing gradually, ſhews
ESHER.
the trees there alſo, ſo that the houſe appears to
be embowered by them, except juſt in the front;
This village is ſituated near Walton upon and the white ſummer-houſe, with four little pin-
Thames, and is remarkable for containing two nacles, one at each corner, built on the moune
very elegant buildings; the firſt of which, called which gives name to the place, when viewed from
Esher Place, was the ſeat of the late Henry before the front of the houſe, riſes up finely from
Pelham, eſq.
behind the trees, and altogether forms a very
The houſe is a Gothic ſtructure, built of a pleaſing appearance.
browniſh red brick, with ſtone facings to the The park in which it is ſituated is diſtinguiſh-
doors, windows, &c. It ſtands upon almoſt the ed by its noble woods, lawns, walks, mounts:
loweſt ground belonging to it, and has the river proſpects, &c. And the ſummer-houſe, called
Mole gliding cloſe by it, and through the grounds. che Belvedera, about a mile diſtance from the
This houſe was originally one of thoſe built by || houſe, affords a very beautiful and extenſive view
Cardinal Wolſey; and here it is ſaid, that Car of the adjecent countries.
dinal was firſt ſeized by order of Henry VIII. on
his refuſing to annul his marriage with queen Ca-
É TO N.
tharine, and which refuſal brought on his fall.
The late Mr. Pelham, however, rebuilt the This town is ſituated on the banks of the
whole, except the two towers in the body, which Thames, on the borders of Berkſhire, and joined
are the ſame that belonged to the old building. to Windſor by a wooden bridge. It is famous for
The grand floor of the houfe is elegantly its beautiful college, founded by Henry VI. in
finiſhed, and conſiſts of fix rooms.
the nineteenth year of his reign for a provoſt, ten
parlour is carved and gilt in a taſte ſuitable to the priəfts, four clerks, ſix choriſters, twenty-five
Itile of the houſe, with curious marble chimney poor grammar-ſcholars, with a maſter to teach
pieces and ſlabs. In this room are the portraits of them, and twenty-five poor old men. Some of
Mr. Pelham, Sir Robert Walpole, afterwards earl the endowments were taken away by Edward IV.
of Orford, lord Townſhend, duke of Rutland, and at the general diffolution, out of which it was
the late duke of Devonſhire, and the late duke particularly excepted, the annual revenue was
of Grafton; a picture of lady Catharine Pelham valued at no more than eight hundred and eighty-
and her ſon is over the chimney. In the drawing ſix pounds twelve ſhillings. But this revenue has
room, over the chimney, is a picture of king been ſince increaſed to five thouſand pounds a
Charles II. when only eleven years old, by Van year; and the college now conſiſts of a provoſt
dyke. The library is curiouſly finiſhed, and there and ſeven fellows, two ſchoolmaſters, two con-
is a good collection of books in it.
ducts, an organiſt, ſeven clerks, ten choriſters,
There is a fine fummer-houſe built upon a hill and other officers. Seventy poor grammar ſcholars
on the left hand as you enter, which commands are inſtructed here; they are nominated by the
the view of the houſe, park, and country round king, and thence called King's ſcholars; theſe,
on boch ſides of the Thames for many miles. when properly qualified, are elected on the firſt
54
Tueſday
The great
7 Z

642
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON-
7
Tueſday in Auguſt, to King's college, in the treve, jurats, and inhabitants of Graveſend and
univerſity of Cambridge; where, after being Milton; but the name of portreve is now chang-
ſtudents three years, they elaim a fellowſhip: buc
ed into that of mayor.
as there is not always a vacancy at Cambridge, In the road before the town all outward bound
the ſcholars remain at Eaton till vacancies hap- || Thips are obliged to anchor till they have been vi-
pen, and theſe vacancies they fill up according to ſited by the cuſtom-houſe officers; and for this
fenioricy.
purpoſe a centinel at the block-houſe gives no-
The ſchool is divided into two parts, the up tice when any ſhip is coming down the river, by
per and the lower, and each of theſe is ſubdivided firing his muſket. But the homeward bound all
into three claſſes. Children are admitted very paſs by without notice, unleſs to receive tide-
young into the lower ſchool; none enter the
up waiters on board, if they are not ſupplied before.
per ſchool till they can make latin verſes, and Moſt of the outward ſhips compleat their cargoes,
have acquired fome knowledge of the Greek. and take in proviſions here, which occaſions the
Beſides the ſeventy ſcholars on the founda town to be generally very full of ſeamen.
tion, there are feldoni leſs than three hundred In the reign of Richard II. the French and
others, for whoſe education the maſters are paid, || Spaniards coming up the Thames, burnt and
and who board at the maſters houſes. The maf plundered the town, and carried away moſt of
ter of each ſchool has therefore four uſhers. The the people. To compenſate for this misfortune,
building has large cloiſters like the religious the abbot of St. Mary le Grace on Tower-hill, to
houſes abroad, and the chapel is a noble pile of whom Richard II. had granted a manor belong-
Gothic architecture.
ing to Graveſend, called Parrock's, obtained a
The preſent ſchool-room is a modern building, grant from the crown, that the inhabitants of this
and the other parts of the college have been re town and Milton ſhould have the ſole privilege of
paired and beautified at a great expence. There carrying paſſengers by water from hence to Lon-
is a library for the uſe of the ſchool, and the num don, at four-pence the whole fare, or two-pence
ber of the books have been greatly increaſed by a head, which was confirmed by Henry VIII. but
two other collections; one bequeathed by doctor ſince that time the fare has been advanced ro nine-
Waddington, ſometime biſhop of Cheſter, valued pence per head. Coaches ply here at the com-
at two thouſand pounds; and the other by the late ing in of the tilt boats, to carry paſſengers to
lord chief juſtice Reeves, to whom the collection Rocheſter.
had been bequeathed by Richard Tapham, eſq; In che year 1727, the whole town of Graveſ-
keeper of the records in the tower of London. end, together with its church, was conſumed by
The gardens are very large and pleaſant, extend fire: and the parliament, in order to aſſiſt the in-
ing from the college almoſt to the Thames. habitants in rebuilding their town and church,
granted five thouſand pounds by an act paſſed in
1731, and the church is accordingly conſidered as
G A T T O N.
one of the fifty new ones, then ordered to be builo
at the expence of the public.
This village is ſituate under the fide of a hill in King Henry VIII, built two platforms, one in
the road to Ryegate, about eighteen miles from chis town, and the other ac Milton; they are
London in the county of Surry. It is a borough mounted with heavy cannon, and intended as a
by preſcription, and was formerly a large town, defence to the mouth of the Thames.
buc now a mean village, with a ſmall church, In the year 1624, one Mr. Pinnock gave twenty-
without fair or market ; yet, ever ſince the 29th one dwelling-houſes here, beſides one for a maſter
of Henry VI. has ſent members to parliament, weaver, for the employment of the poor ; and
that are returned by its conſtable, who is annually here is a charity fcool for twenty boys, who are
choſen at a court held by the lord of the manor cloathed and educated.
for that purpoſe.
The towns for ſeveral miles round Graveſend
This town is ſuppoſed to have been known to are ſupplied from hence with garden ſtuff, of
the Romans, by reaſon of their coins, and other which great quantities are alſo ſent to London,
antiquities that have been diſcovered here; and where the aſparagus of Graveſend is preferred to
where the manor-houſe ſtands it is ſaid there was that from many other places.
once a caſtle. This place ſends two members to Here are two weekly markets, the one on
parliament.
Wedneſday, and the other on Saturday ; likewife
two annual fairs, viz. the twenty-third of April,
G R A VESE N D
and the twenty-fourth of October, for horſes,
black cattle, cloaths, toys, and various other
This town is ſituated on the Thames, oppoſite commodities.
to Tilbury Fort, and about five miles eaſt from There are a great variety of romantic land-
Dartford,' in Kent. It is a large and populous | ſcapes in this neighbourhood. The hills are wild,
town, but the ſtreets are narrow and dirty, and ſteep, almoſt covered with wood, and riſe into
the buildings mean. In the eaſt part of it are bold variations, between the breaks of which vaſt
the remains of an old chapel, ſuppoſed originally || proſpects of the valley beneath, and of the
to have belonged to ſome religious houſe. Thames winding through it, are very frequently
This town, and Milton, a ſmall village to the ſeen; and from the tops of ſome of them are ſeen
eaſt of Graveſend, was incorporated in the roth the moſt extenſive proſpects of the whole coun-
year of queen Elizabeth, by the ſtile of the por try.
HAMPTON

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
643
HAMPTON COUR T. rounded with the ſigns of the Zodiac; and by
ſeveral Zephyrs, with Aowers in their hands ;
This royal palace is ſituated on the north bank and on one fide of them is Fame with her two
of the river Thames, about two miles from King trumpets. Underneath is a beautiful figure of
fton. It was originally built by cardinal Wolſey, Venus riding on a ſwan, Mars addreſſing himſelf
and given by him to king Henry VIII. who to her as a lover, and Cupid riding on another
greatly enlarged it. King William pulled down wan. On the right hand are Pluto and Profer-
the old apartments, and rebuilt them in the man pine, Cælus and Terra, Cybele crowned with a
ner in which they now appear. The park and tower; and others. In the front are Neptune
gardens are about three miles in circumference. and Amphitrite, with cwo attendants who are
On a pediment at the front of the palace on this ſerving them with fruic. Bacchus is leaning on a
ſide is a bas relief of the triumphs of Hercules rich ewer, and, being accompanied by his attend-
over Envy, and facing it a large oval bafon, an ants, places his left hand on the head of Silenus,
ſwering to the form of this part of the garden, who fits on an aſs that is fallen down, he ſeeming
which is a large ovaldivided into gravel walks co catch at a table; to which Diana above is point-
and parterres laid out in the old talte by thoſe ing. The table is ſupported by eagles; on one
two eminent gardeners London and Wiſe.
fide of it fits Romulus, the founder of Rome,
As you enter the grand walk there are two large with a wolf; and on the other ſide of it is Her-
marble vaſes of exquiſite workmanſhip; one ſaid cules leaning on his club. Peace in her right hand
to be performed by Mr. Cibber, and the other holds a laurel, and in her left a palm over the
by a foreigner, as a trial of ſkill They are beau head of Æneas, who feems inviting the twelve
tifully adorned with bas relief; that on the right | Cæfars, among whom is Spurina the foothſayer,
hand repreſenting the triumphs of Bacchus, and to a celeſtial banquet. Over their heads hovers
that on the other; Amphitrite and the Nereids. the genius of Rome, with a flaming ſword, and
At the end of this walk; oppoſite a large ca a bridle, the latter the emblem of government,
hal which runs into the park, are two other large and the former that of deſtruction.
vaſes, the bas relief of one repreſenting the judg Hence we paſs into the guard chamber, which
ment of Paris ; and that of the other Meleager is very large and ſpacious, and contains arms for
hunting the wild boar. In four of the parterres five thouſand men, curiouſly placed in various
are four beautiful braſs ftatues.
forms. This leads us to the other rooms, which
The firſt is a Gladiator from the original an are all elegantly furniſhed with rich tapeſtry, and
tique in the Borghefe palace at Rome. The fe contain a great number of curious paintings exa
cond is a young Apollo. The third a Diana ; ecuted by the beſt hands; an account of which
and the fourth Saturn going to devour one of his is as follows:
children. All after fine anciques.
At the gates of the palace are four large brick In the king's preſence chamber, on the left
piers adorned with the lion and unicorn, and le hand as you enter, is a fine picture 18 feet by 15.
veral trophies of war well carved in ſtone. Paſ by Sir Godfrey Kneller. King William III. is in
fing through a long court-yard we come to the armour on a itately grey horſe, trampling an
firſt portal, decorated by Wolſey with the heads crophies of war, by, which lies a flaming corch.
of Trajan, Adrian, Tiberius and Vitellius. In the clouds Mercury and Peace ſupport his
Through this portal we paſs into a large qua helmet decorated with laurel, and a Cupid holds
drangle. This leads into a ſecond, where is the a ſcroll. Ac the bottom appears Neprune and
aſtronomical clock made by the celebrated Tom his attendants by the ſide of a rock, welcoming
pion. On the left hand of this quadrangle is the the hero to fhore ; and at a diſtance is ſeen a
great old hall, in which queen Caroline erected fleet of ſhips, their fails ſwelled with the eaſt wind.
a theatre. In the front is a portal of brick deco In the front Plenty with his cornucopia offers him
rated with four Cæſars heads. On the oppoſite an olive branch, and Flora preſents flowers.
fide is a ſtone colonade of fourceen columns, Over the chimney is the marquis of Hamilton
that leads us to a great ſtair-cafe, which, with lord ſteward of the houſhold to king Charles I. a
the ceiling is painted by Verrio. On the left ſide, whole length, by Van Somer; and over the doors
ae the top, are repreſented Apollo and the nine are two pieces of architecture, by Roſſo,
muſes, at whoſe feet fits the God Pan with his In the ſecond preſence chamber, over the chim-
unequal reeds, and a little below them the god ney, is a whole length of Chriſtiern IV. king of
dels Ceres, holding in one hand a wheat fheaf, Denmark, by Van Somer. Over the three doors
and with the other pointing to loaves of bread. are pieces of ruins and landſcapes, by Roſo: la
At her feet is Flora ſurrounded by her attendants, this room are two fine marble tables, with two
and holding in her right hand a chaplet of flowers. pier glaſſes, and two pair of gilt ſtands. The ia:
Near her are the two river Gods, Thame and I lis, peſtry is ancient but very rich, the lights being
with their urns; and in the middle is a large ta all gold, and the ſhadows filk ; the ſhadows are,
ble decorated with flowers, on which is a quan Hercules and the Hydra, and Midas with his
tity of rich plate.
On the ceiling are Jupiter and Juno, with Ga In the next room the tapeſtry repreſents part of
nymede riding on Jupiter's eagle, and offering the ſtory of Abraham. Over the chimney is a
the
cup. Juno’s peacock is in the front. One of whole length picture of Elizabeth queen of Bo-
che Parcæ, with her fciffars in her hand, ſeems to hemia, daughter of king James I. and over
wait for Jove's orders to cut the thread of life. each of the two doors is a Madona by Domenico
Theſe figures are covered with a fine canopy ſur Feci.
In
affes ears.

64+
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
In the fifth room the tapeſtry is ancient and tegna. Theſe were formerly all in one piece
richly wove with gold ; the ſubject Abraham The ceiling of this room is painted by Verrio ;
fending his ſervant to get a wife for Iſaac. Over in the center of which is the late queen Anne,
the chimney is an admirable whole length of king under the character of Juſtice, holding the ſcales
Charles I. by Vandyke; and over the doors two in one hand, and a ſword in the other. She is
capital pictures; the one, David with Goliah's dreſſed in a purple robe lined with ermine, and
head, by Fetti; the other, the holy family, by over her head is a crown ſupported by Neptune
Correggio.
bacaula
and Britannia.
In the king's ſtate bed-chamber the ceiling is In the queen's ftate audience room are, the
painted by Verrio, and repreſents Endymion || duke, dutcheſs, and marchioneſs of Brunſwick
lying with his head in the lap of Morpheus, and their daughter; the dutcheſs of Lenox, and
Diana admiring him as he ſleeps. Over (wo Margaret queen of Scots, all at full length, by
doors are two flower pieces, by Baptiſte ; and Holbein. The tapeſtry in this room repreſents
over the chimney is a whole length of the dutcheſs che children of Iſrael carrying the twelve ftones
of York, by Van Somer. The tapeſtry of this to the river Jordan.si
room repreſents the hiſtory of Joſhua, about In the prince of Wales's preſence chamber
which are eight filver ſconces chaſed with the over the doors are Guzman and Gundamor two
judgment of Solomon. The bed, which is of i Spaniſh ambaſſadors, and Madam Chatillon the
crimſon velvet, is laced with gold, and on the French admiral's lady. Over the chimney Lewis
top are plumes of white feathers.
XIII. with a walking ſtick in his hand, od a
In the king's private bedchamber, the bed is dog by his ſide; all by Holbein. The tapeſtry
of crimſon damaſk, and the room hung with ta is wrought with the ſtory of Tobit and Tobias.
peſtry, the ſubject of which is Solbay fight. In the prince's drawing-room, over the chimney
The king's dreſſing-room is hung with ſtraw is the duke of Wirtemburg; and over the doors
coloured India damaſk, as are likewiſe the chairs, the wife of Philip II. king of Spain, and count
ſtools, and ſcreen. The ceiling is painted by Mansfield general of the Spaniards in the low
Verrio, and repreſents Mars Deeping in Venus's || countries, whole lengths, all by Holbein. The
lap, with ſeveral cupids ſtealing away his armour, tapeſtry of this room repreſents Elymas the fora
ſword and ſpear, and others are binding his legs ceror ſtruck with blindneſs.
and arms with fetters of roſes. Over the doors In the prince's bedchamber are four pictures,
are flower pieces by Baptiſte.
yiz. Over the chimney a whole length of the
In the king's writing cloſet, over each door is duke of Lunenburgh, grandfather to king George
a flower piece by Baptiſte ; and over the chim I. Over the doors Philip II. king of Spain; the
ney a picture of great variety of birds by conſort of Chriſtiern IV. king of Denmark, and
Bougdane.
a whole length of the prince of Parma, governor
Queen Mary's cloſet is hung with needle-work, of the Necherlands; all by Holbein.
ſaid to be wrought by her own hand. The chairs In the private dining-room are four pictures of
and ſcreen are likewiſe ſaid to be her work. Over the defeat of the Spaniſh Armada, by Vande.
the chimney piece is an old painting, repreſent velde ; and over the chimney a fine one by Van-
ing Jupiter's throne, near which is the thunder, || dyke of the lord Effingham Howard, lord high ı
and his eagle in the clouds, by Raphael.
admiral of England.
The queen's gallery is ſeventy feet long, and In the admiral's gallery are pictures of the
twenty-five wide, and is hung with feven pieces || following celebrated admirals, viz.
of tapeſtry, repreſenting the hiſtory of Alex-
ander the Great, from Le Brun's paintings. Sir George Rooke.
The ceiling of the queen's ſtate bed-chamber Sir Cloudeley Shovel.
is painted by Sir James Thornhill, and reprefents Sir John Leake.
Aurora riſing out of the ocean in her golden Lord Torrington.
chariot, drawn by four white horſes. The bed Admiral Churchill.
is of crimſon damaſk; and beſides other furni Sir Stafford Fairborne.
ture the room is adorned with a glaſs luſtre, with Sir John Jennings.
filver ſockets. The pictures in this room are, Sir Thomas Hopſon.
Admiral Beaumont.
King James I. whole length, by Van Somer. Sir Thomas Dilks.
Queen Anne his confort, dicto.
Admiral Bembo.
Princeſs Elizabeth their daughter, ditto.
Admiral Whetſtone.
bato o data bas
Henry prince of Wales, whole length, Van Admiral Wiſhart.
Amiral Graydon.
George I.
Admiral Munden.
Əsas
George II.
Queen Caroline.
All theſe are painted by Dahl, and Sir God-
Frederick prince of Wales.
frey Kneller.
solo low to
In the room of beauties nine ladies are placed
The queen's drawing-room is hung with green in the following order :
damaſk, on which are placed nine pictures, re-
preſenting the triumph of Julius Cæſar, painted || Lady Peterborough.
in water-colours upon canvas, by Andrea Man- || Lady Ranelagh, is consistova, 101
bia buty ng si Lady
dyke.. b

ILISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
645
Y 1
1
D
large lamps on
Lady Middleton.
drew's. The former is ſituated on the ſouth ſide
Miſs Pitc.
of the town, and has a call ſpire, covered with
The dutcheſs of St. Albans.
lead, and eight good bells, beſides an organs and
Lady Effex.
a handſome gallery for the mayor and aldermen of
Lady Dorſet.
the borough, and for the governors of Chriſt-
Queen Mary
church hoſpital in London, who have erected a
The dutcheſs of Grafton.
convenient houſe in this town for the reception of
ſick and ſupernumerary children: they have alſo
Queen Mary was painted by Willing, and all built a large gallery in the church, in which two
the reſt by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
hundred of their children may be accommodated.
In the Cartoon gallery were placed the celebrated St. Andrew's is only remarkable for giving its
cartoons of Raphael; but they are now re name to one of the ſtreets. Here is a free gram-
“
moved to the queen's palace, in which they have mar ſchool, founded by Richard Hale, elq; in
been already mentioned.
the reign of king James I. and endowed with
Over the chimney piece in this gallery is a fine forty pounds a year: the corporation are gover-
bas relief in whice marble of Venus drawn in her
nors of it, but the maſter is appointed by the
chariot, and attended by ſeveral Cupids.
heirs or repreſentatives of Mr. Hale. The houſe
We now come to the queen’s ſtair-caſe, where is a handſome ſtructure, and was rebuilt ſome
the ceiling is painted by Vick. Here is king years ago. Here are alſo three charity-ſchools,
Charles II. and Catharinė his queen, with the one erected by the inhabitants for forty boys, who
duke of Buckingham repreſenting Science in the are cloached and taught by ſubſcription ; another
habit of Mercury, while Envy is ſtruck down by for twenty-five children, and a third for twenty
naked boys.
children. Both the latter are ſupported by pri-
From this we deſcend into a new quadrangle, vate contributions.
in the center of which is a round baſon, and four This town was a place of ſome nore in the
of iron ; and on time of the ancient Britons. The eaſt Saxon
the right hand over the windows are the twelve || king's often keep their courts here, and upon the
labours of Hercules in Freſco.
firſt diviſion of the kingdom into counties, it
The whole palace conſiſts of three quadrangles. was made the county town.
It fent members to
The firſt and ſecond are Gothic, but in the latter parliament in the reign of Edward I. but after
is à moſt beautiful colonade of the Ionic order, the ſeventh of Henry V. on the petition of the
the columns in couples, built by Sir Chriſtopher || bailiff and burgeſſes, to be excuſed on account of
Wren. In the third court are the royal apart their poverty, that privilege was diſcontinued till
ments, magnificently built of brick and ſtone by the twenty ſecond of James I.
king William III.
In the time of Henry VII. the ſtandard of
Nearly adjoining to the entrance of the palace || weights and meaſures was fixed here, and queen
is a fine wooden bridge over the Thames, finiſhed Mary made this a corporation, by the name of
a few years ſince, and has been of
very
conſider bailiffs and burgeſſes; and by her charter, the
able advantage to this part of the country. number of burgeſſes was to have been fixceen.
In this neighbourhood are likewiſe ſeveral very In the twenty-fifth and thirty-fifth years of
elegant ſeats belonging to the nobility and queen Elizabeth, Michaelmas term was held here,
gentry.
scil 1 bit: 1.100
on account of the plague, which then raged in
London; and that princeſs granted the town a
HARROW on the HI L L. new charter, by the ſtile of a bailiff, eleven capi-
tal burgeſſes, and fixteen affiftants.
This place is ſo called from its being ſituated King James I. granted another charter, with
on the higheſt hill in the county of Middleſex, the ſtile of mayor, burgeſſes and commonalty, to
about fifteen miles north weſt of London ; on the have ten capital burgelfes, and ſixteen aſſiſtants,
top of which ſtands the church with a very and the mayor to be choſen out of the burgeſſes,
high ſpire.
by both the burgeſſes and aſſiſtants; but at pre-
The pariſh is remarkable for a free-ſchool ſent, the town is governed by a mayor, high
founded by Mr. John Lyons in the reign of queen ſteward, who is generally a nobleman, a recorder,
Elizabeth ; and on the fourth of Auguſt in each nine aldermen, a town clerk, chamberlain, ten
year a ſelect number of the ſcholars, dreſſed in capital burgeſſes, and ſixteen alhiſtants, together
the habit of archers, attend on the hill, and ſhoot with two ferjeants at mace.
at a mark for a filver arrow.
Here was formerly a priory of Benedictine
monks, ſubordinate to the abbey of St. Albans,
HERTFORD.or, HARTFORD. erected about the latter end of the reign of Wil-
liam the Conquerer, by the biſhop of Linolie,
This town is pleaſantly ſituated in a ſweet air and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Its annual
and dry valley on the river Lea. 'It is built in revenues at the diffolution amounted to ſeventy-
the figure of a roman Y, and has a caſtle placed two pounds, fourteen ſhillings and two-pence.
between the two horns, in which is the ſeſſions This town has the honour of giving the title of
houſe for the county. An elegant town hall has earl to che duke of Somerſet, and of fending two
been lately erected ; and here is alſo a county members to parliament. The principal commo-
goal.
dities of its market are wool, wheat, and malt;
Hertford had formerly five churches, which and it is ſaid to ſend 5000 quarters of malt, weekly
are now reduced to two, All Saints, and St. An. to London by the river Lea,
55
8 A
Here
ories and here is

646
HISTORY and SUR ver of LONDON.
OS
Here are likewiſe four annual fairs, viz. on Here are a chapel and a charity ſchool; and
the Sacurday fortnight before Eaſter, the twelfth though this town has not any weekly market, yer
of May, the fifth of July, and the eighth of it has two annual fairs, viz. Trinity Monday, and
November, all for the ſale of horſes, black cat the Monday after Michaelmas-day, for horſes,
tle and ſheep.
black cattle and ſheep.
lodinud
TOM (19900
met HA T FIEL D.
KINGSTON slobord
This town is ſituated on the great northern This town is ſituated on the banks of the
road, about twenty miles from London, in the Thames about twelve miles from London, in
county of Hertford; and is likewiſe called Bi-
the county of Surry. It received its name from
ſhop's Hatfield, from its belonging to the biſhops having been the reſidence of ſeveral of our Saxon
of Ely. Here was once a royal palace, from kings, ſome of whom were crowned on a ſtage
whence both king Edward VI. and queen Eliza erected in the market place. The town is large
beth were conducted to the throne. King Ed and populous, and in the reigns of Edward II.
ward was educated here, and queen Elizabeth and III. fent members to parliament, amb
purchaſed the manor of the biſhops of Ely, The church is ſpacious, and decorated with
Here Theodore, archbiſhop of Canterbury, held the pictures of the Saxon kings who were crowned
a fynod againſt the Eutychian opinions"; and here ; together with that of king John, who gave
here are ſtill two charity ſchools.
the inhabitants their firſt charter.
The church, which is a rectory, is in the gift Here is alſo a wooden bridge of twenty archés
of the earl of Saliſbury; and is computed to be over the Thames; a free ſchool erected and en-
worth eight hundred pounds per annum.
dowed by queen Elizabeth ; and a charity ſchool
This town, beſides a weekly market on Thurf for thirty boys who are all cloathed.
day, has (wo annual fairs, one on the twenty The ſummer aflizes for the county of Surry are
third of April, and the other on the eighteenth generally held here ; and on the top of the hall
of October.
is a gallery, which
overlooks the town.
The moſt remarkable building with which this A houſe near this town, now called Hircomb's
town is adorned is the the ſeat of the earl of Sa place, was once che ſeat of the fainous eart of
liſbury, built by the great lord Burleigh, and Warwick, filed the fetter up and the puller down
called Hatfield houſe. "It is a beautiful antique of kings. Beſides the bridge already mentioned,
building ſituated on an eminence at the entrance here is another of brick over a ſtream that flows
of the town, and commands a moſt delightful from a ſpring about four miles above the town,
proſpect. The park and gardens, in which is and which, within the diſtance of a bow ſhoe
a vineyard, are watered by the river Lea. from its ſource, forms a brook fufficient to drive
two mills. The market in this town is very con-
ſiderable for corn, and the trade to London, &c.
11.HOD DESD O N. 15 and
pretty large.
10 150 in
Here is a market, on Saturday, and three an-
This town, which is a great thoroughfare, is nual fairs, viz. Thurſday, Friday, and Saturday,
ſituate on the river Lea, about nineteen miles in' Whitfun-week, for horſes and toys; the fee
from London, in the ſame county with the for cond, third, and fourth of Auguſt, for fruit and
mer. It is very ſmall, though it had once a con pedlars ware ; and the fifteenth of November,
fiderable market for all ſorts of grain; but this,
for horſes, cattle and toys.
for ſome years paſt, has been diſcontinued. od
Queen Elizabeth granted, by charter, a free
boten L E AT HER HEAD.adT
grammar ſchool to this town, and endowed it
labot 11 Pa da no
with certain privileges. An almſhouſe was alſo This town is pleaſantly ſituated on a riling
founded here in the reign of Henry VI. by bank about four miles to the ſouth weſt of Ep-
Richard Rich, ſheriff of London. There are ſom, in the county of Surry. It had formerly
ſtill the remains of an ancient chapel, belonging market, but that has been diſcontinued up-
to an hoſpital formerly founded here for perſons wards of an hundred years. aniol.
Obst
afflicted with the leproſy. 0 smtpis soda Here is a bridge over the river Mole, which
308
s gallegt
leie having funk into the earth near Mickelham, ac
HO U N S L OW. OVLIV the foot of Box-hill, riſes again near this town,
and runs through Cobham to the Thames ac
This village is ſituated about twelve miles north || Moulſey.
of London, on the edge of a heath of the ſame At a ſmall diſtance from this town-is Leith-hill,
name. It belongs to two pariſhes, the north ſide admired for affording one of the nobleſt proſpects
of the ſtreet to Heſton, and the ſouth to Ille in all Europe, of which Mr. Dennis, in his 66
lera
worth.
ters familiar, moral and critical," gives the fol-
In this place was anciently a convent of men lowing lively deſcription : -“In a lace journey (ſays
dicant friars, who by their inftitution were to beg “ he) which I took into the Wild of Suffex, I
alms for the ranſom of captives taken by the in “ paffed over an hill, which ſhewed me a more
fidels. On its diffolution by king Henry VIII. “ tranſporting fight than ever the country had
that prince gave it to the lord Windfor, who af “ Thewn me before, either in England or Italy.
terwards fold it to Mr. Auditor Roan.
««• The proſpects which in Italy pleaſed me moſt,
cowi Cibo 57 " were
190S
216EWSTS

HISTORY and SURVET of LONDON. I 647
66
manor,
trees.
were that of the Valdarno from the Apennines ; Mims and South Mims. The former is ſituated
cs of Rome and the Mediterranean from the moun in Hertfordſhire, on the eaſt ſide of Colney, about
" tains of Viterbo ; of Rome at forty, and the two miles from Hatfield. In this neighbourhood
" Mediterranean at fifty miles diſtance from it; is che ſeat of the late Sir Joſeph Jekylī, maſter of
" and that of the Campagne of Rome from Ti the rolls, in right of his lady, who was heir to
is voli and Freſcaci; from which two places you her brother the great lord Somers. The body of
« fee every foot of that famous Campagne even
that nobleman lies interred in the chancel of the
es from the bottom of Tivoli and Freſcati to the church, without any inſcription. This ſeat now
very foot of the mountain of Viterbo, without belongs to the duke of Leeds who is lord of the
any thing to intercept your fight. But from
an´ hill which I paffed in my late journey
South Mims is ſituated two miles from the
“ into Suſſex, I had a proſpect more extenſive former, in the moſt northern corner of Middleſex.
« than any of theſe, and which ſurpaſſed them Here is an almſhouſe built and endowed for fix
at once in rural charms, in pomp, and in mag poor people, by James Hickſon, eſq; who died
< nificence. The hill which I ſpeak of, is called in 1689, when he gave by his will to fifteen poor
« Leich-hill, and is about five miles fouthward | people of this pariſh, two ſhifts, one pair of hoſe,
s from Darking, about fix from Box-hill, and and a pair of ſhoes annually. For the payment of
« near twelve from Epſom. It juts itſelf out theſe, and other benefactions, he left ſeveral
s about two miles beyond that range of hills
eſtates in this pariſh to the Brewers company in
66 which terminate the north dowris to the fouth. London.
" When I faw from one of theſe hills, at about
two miles diſtance, that fide of Leith-hill
M OU L S E Y.
C6 which faces the northern downs, it appeared
" the beautifulleſt proſpect I had ever ſeen: but There are two towns of this name, viz. Eaſt
" after we had conquered the hill itſelf, I faw Moulſey and Weſt Moulſey, both of which are
a fight that would tranſport a ſtoic; a fight thus denominated from the river Mole, which
" that looked like enchantment and viſion. runs between them into the Thames.
" Beneath us lay open to our view all the wilds Eaſt Moulſey is ſituated oppoſite to Hampton-
5 of Surry and Suſſex, and a great part of that court, and was granted by king Charles II. to
«c of Kent, admirably diverſified in every part of Sir James Clarke, grandfather to the preſent lord
" them with woods, and fields of corn and paf of the manor, who had the ferry from thence to
tures, every where adorned with ſtately rows of || Hampton-court, in the room of which he erected
a handſome bridge, where a very high toll is
" This beautiful vale is about thirty miles in taken of all paſſengers, carriages, &c.
« breadth, and about ſixty in length, and is ter Weſt Moulſey is ſituated about a mile and a
« minated to the ſouth by the majeſtic range of half weſt from Kingſton; and there is here a
us the ſouthern hills, and the fea: and it is no ferry to Hampton town, which likewiſe belongs
« eaſy niatter to decide, whether theſe hills, which to the fame gentleman.
appear at thirty, forty, fifty miles diſtance,
" with their tops in the ſky, feem more awful
M U S W E L L HIL L.
" and venerable, or the delicious vale between
you and them more inviting. About noon, in This place which is ſituated in Middleſex, rea
a ferene day, you may at thirty miles diſtance, ceived its name from a ſpring or well on the hill,
“ ſee the very water of the ſea through a chaſm near a houſe built by alderman Roe, which af-
" of the mountains. And that which above all terwards came to the earl of Bath. Adjoining to
" makes it a noble and a wonderful proſpect, is,
this well, which was eſteemed holy, was a chapel
es that at the ſame time that, at thirty miles with an image of our lady of Muſwell, to which
" diſtance you behold the very water of the ſea; great numbers went in pilgrimage. In the reign
c'at the ſame time that you behold to the ſouth, of queen Elizabeth both
the manor and chapel
" the rnoſt delicious rural proſpect in the world; were ſold to Mr. William Roe, in whoſe family
at that very time, by a little turn of your head they continued, till Sir Thomas Roe, the ambaſ-
es towards the north, you look full over Box-hill, || ſador, fold them in the laſt century. Some few
ss and fee the country beyond it, between that years ago the manor-houſe was converted into a
" and London; and, over the very ſtomacher of || place of public entertainment.
" it, fee St. Paul's at twenty-five miles diſtance,
" and London beneath it, and Highgate and
N O R T H A L L.
“ Hampſtead beyond it."
This village is ſituated on the north ſide of
Not far from this is Box-hill, ſo called from a Enfield Chace, three miles from Barnet, and is
great number of box trees planted on the ſouth ſaid to be corruptly ſo called from Northaw, or
lide of it by the earl of Arundel, in the reign of the North Grove, here being a wood that belong.
king Charles I. but the north ſide is covered with ed to the monaſtery of St. Albans.
yew. On the ſummit is a large warren, from A noble houſe was built here in the reign of
whence there is a moſt delightful proſpect..? queen Elizabeth by Henry Dudley earl of War-
wick; after whoſe death it came to ſeveral pof-
M I M S.
ſeſſors, and being ſold to William Laman, it de-
ſcended to his grandſon, who gave the rent of the
There are two villages of this name, viz. North wells to the poor of the pariſh. King James I.
alſo
3
99

64.8
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
TERSHAN
alſo gave 401. per annum to the town in lieu of This park is the largeſt of any within the envi-
the ground he had taken out of the common to rons of London, except that of Windſor, and by
lay into his park at Theobalds.
fat the fineft ; for though it has little more than a
wild variety of natural beauties to hew, yet
PE T E R S H A M.
theſe are ſuch as cannot fail to pleaſe thoſe who
are as much delighted with views in their rudeft
This village is ſituated a little to the ſouth of appearance, as in all the elegance of art and
Richmond-hill, near the New Park, in Surry. deſign.
Here once ſtood a delightful ſeat built by the earl
of Rocheſter, lord high treaſurer in the reign of
R E Y G A T E.
king James II. The building, which was ex-
tremely beautiful, was deſtroyed by fire in the This is a large market town in Surry, ſituated
year 1720, in ſo ſudden a manner, that the fa in che valley of Holmſdale, and ſurrounded on
mily who were then all at home, had ſcarcely time each ſide with bills. It is an ancient borough, and
to ſave their lives. Nor was the houſe, though had a caſtle, built by the Saxons, on the eaſt ſide
furniſhed in the moſt exquiſite manner, both of the town, fome ruins of which are ftill to be
within and without, the greateſt lofs ſuſtained : ſeen, particularly a lorg vault with a room at the
the noble furnicure, the curious collection of end, large enough to hold five hundred perſons;
paintings, and the ineſtimable library of the firſt where the barons who took up arms againſt king
earl of Clarendon, lord high chancellor of Eng. || John are faid to have had their private meetings.
land, were entirely conſumed ; and, among other The market-houſe was once a chapel dedicated
valuable pieces, ſeveral manuſcripts relating to to Thomas Becket.
thoſe times, and to the tranſactions in which the There is a large houſe on the ſouth ſide of the
king his maſter, and himſelf, was engaged both town, which was formerly a priory. It belongs
at home and abroad, beſides other curious col to the late Mr. Parſons's family, and is beautified
lections made by that noble writer in various parts with plantations, and a large piece of water. It
of the world.
has two rooms, each fifty feet long, and of a
After the demolition of this noble ſtructure the proportionable breadth ; but the ceilings are much
earl of Harrington erected another ſeat on the too low. The houſe and gardens are on every
ſite thereof after a deſign of the earl of Bur fide ſurrounded with hills, ſo as to render the
lington.
proſpect extremely delightful.
The front next the court is very plain, and the | The late celebrated lord Shaftſbury had a houſe
entrance to the houfe not very elegant; but the in this town, to which he retired to exclude him.
ſouth front next the garden is bold and regular, ſelf from company. It is now in the poſſeſſion of
and the apartments on thac fide, chiefly deſigned a private gentleman, who has laid out and plant-
for ſtate, are extremely handſome. The gardens ed a ſmall ſpot of ground, in ſo many parts, as to
which were before crowded with plantations, are compriſe whatever can be ſuppoſed in the moſt
now laid open in lawns of graſs. The kitchen noble ſeats. It may properly be called a model,
garden, before ſituated on the eaſt ſide of the and is filed by the inhabitants of Reygate, “ The
houſe, is removed out of fight, and the ground " world in one acre.”
converted to an open Nope of graſs, leading up
to a terrace of great length, from which is a
proſpect of the river Thames, the town of RICK M A N S WORTH.
Twickenham, and of all the fine ſeats in that
part of the country. On the other ſide of the This town is thus denominated from its fitua-
terrace is a plantation on a riſing ground; and on tion on a neck of land, almoſt ſurrounded by a.
the ſummit of the hill a fine pleaſure houſe, which nameleſs river, which falls into the Colne, and
on every ſide commands a proſpect of the coun forms, at its influx, a conſiderable pool of water.
try for a very conſiderable diſtance.
It ſtands low, in a black, mooriſh, cold ſoil,
Near this village is the New Park, which is about twenty miles from London, in the county
eſteemed one of the beſt and moſt extenſive in of Hertford.
England. It was made in the reign of king This town is governed by two conſtables, and
Charles I. and incloſed with a brick wall faid to two headboroughs. Ic has a handſome church,
be eleven miles in compaſs. In this part there is and a charity ſchool for twenty boys and ten girls;
a little hill caſt up, called king Henry's mount, alſo two almfhouſes, one for five widows and the
from which is a proſpect of ſix counties, with a other for four. There are ſeveral mills on the
diftant view of the city of London, and of neighbouring ſtreams, where great quantities of
Windſor caſtle.
wheat are ground.
The new lodge in this park, built by the late Here is a weekly market on Saturday, and
Sir Robert Walpole, earl of Orford, is a very three annual fairs, viz. the twentieth of July, and
elegant edifice. It is built of ſtone in a ſquare form, the fourth of November, for horſes, black cattle,
with wings on each ſide of brick. It ſtands on a ſheep and hogs; and the Saturday before the
riſing ground, and commands a very good pro third Monday in September, for hiring of fer-
ſpect of the park, eſpecially of that fine piece
of water which is in it, and which might be en In the neighbourhood of this town there is a
larged and brought acroſs the viſta that is in the warren hill which has an echo that repeats twelve
front of the houſe through a wood.
times to a trumpet.
RUMFORD
vants.

HISTORY and SURVEI of LONDON.
649
RUM FOR D.
the county of Middleſex. It received its name
from the Saxon word Stana or Stone, becauſe
This is a conſiderable market town, ſituated there anciently ſtood a bounding ſtone in this
about twelve miles from London, in the county place, to denote the extent of the city of Lon-
of Effex. It is a great thoroughfare between don's juriſdiction upon the river:
this city and Harwich, and moſt towns of note It has a bridge over the Thames, and is go-
in Suffolk and Norfolk. It is governed by a bai-
verned by two conſtables, and four headboroughs
liff and wardens, who, though not incorporated, appointed by his majeſty's ſteward, on account of
are empowered by patent to hold a court every its being a lordſhip belonging to the crown. The
week, for the trial of civil and criminal church ſtands alone, at almoſt half a mile diſtance
cauſes.
from the town. Here is a market on Friday,
Here is a charity ſchool for fifty boys and and two annual fairs, viž. the i Ith of May, and
twenty girls; and a church, but it is only a the 29th of September, for horſes, black cattle,
chancel to Horn church, à neighbouring village.
and ſheep.
Here is a weekly marker on Wedneſday, and an
annual fair for horſes, black cattle and ſheep.
TIL B U R Y.
The lands of Horn church near Rumford,
with ſome other revenues in the neighbourhood, This is a very ancient town in Eſſex, ſituated
being given to the great hoſpital de Monte Jovis, near the Thames by level unhealthy marſhes
in Savoy, a cell for a prior or maſter, and poor
called the three hundreds. Here the four pro-
brethren, ſubordinate to that foreign houſe, was conſular ways made by the Romans croſſed each
ſettled here, and dedicated to St. Nicholas and other; and in the year 630 this was the ſee of a
St. Barnard. This houſe was, in the time of biſhop named Ceadda, who converted the eaſt
Richard II. by leave of the pope and king, Saxons. In the reigns of Edward I. Edward II.
bought by William of Wickham, biſhop of Win and Edward III, it was held of the crown by the
cheſter, for his new college at Oxford.
family of the Tilburies, and from them probably
received its nanie.
SE VENOA K.
The principal part of the marſhes which ſura
round the town, are rented by the farmers, ſaleſ-
This town is ſaid to have received its name and grazing butchers of London, who generally
from ſeven very large oaks, which grew near it ftock them with Lincolnſhire and Leiceſterſhire
when it was firſt built. It is a market town fitu weathers, which they buy in Smithfield in Sep-
ated near the rivert Dart or Darent, in the road tember and O&tober, when the graziers fell of
to Tunbridge, and is a corporation, governed by their ſtocks, and feed here till Chriſtmas or Cano
a warden and aſſiſtants.
dlemas; and though they are not made much fat-
Here is an hoſpital for maintaining poor old ter here than when bought in, yet very conſider-
people, and a ſchool for educating poor children, able advantage accrues by the difference of the
built and endowed by Sir William Sevenoak, price of mucron between Michaelmas, when
who was Lord-mayor of London in 1418; and cheapeſt, and Candlemas, when deareft ; and
ſaid to have been a foundling, brought up by this is what the butchers call, by way of excel-
ſome perſon of this town, whence he cook his lence, right marſh mutton.
name. John Potkyn, who lived in the reign of Adjoining to the river Thames, and at the end
Henry VIII. was a great benefactor to this ſchool, of the marſhes, ſtands TILBURY Fort, which
and the revenue being augmented by queen Eli may be juſtly looked upon as the key of the city
zabeth, it was thence called queen Elizabeth's of London. It is a regular fortification. The
free-ſchool. It was rebuilt in 1727; and the deſign of it was a pentagon, but the water-
ſtile of the corporation is the wardens and aſ baſtion, as it would have have been called, was
fiftants of the town and pariſh of Sevenoak, and
never built.
of queen Elizabeth's free-ſchool there.
The plan of this building was laid out by Sir
Beſides the above hoſpital, there is another ſtill Marcin Beckman, chief engineer to king Charles
more ancient, dedicated to St. John the Baptiſt, II. who alſo deſigned the works at Sheerneſs.
in the gift of the archbiſhop of Canterbury. The eſplanade of the fort is very large, and the
Alſo a charity ſchool for fifteen boys.
baſtions the largeſt of any in England. The
It was in this pariſh that the rebel, Jack Cade, foundation is laid upoň piles driven down two an
in the year 1450, defeated and killed Sir Hum end of each other, ſo far, till they were aſſured
phrey Srafford, his brother William, and ſeveral they were below the channel of the river, and
other perſons of note, ſent againſt him by Henry that the piles, which were pointed with iron, en-
VI.
tered into the ſolid chalk rock, adjoining to the
There are ſeveral very handſome ſeats in this hills on the other ſide.
neighbourhood, particularly one called Knowl On the land fide che works are compleat ; and
Place, the ſeat of the duke of Dorſet, fituated in the baſtions are faced with brick. There is a
the middle of a moſt delightful park.
double ditch or moat, the innermoſt of which is
one hundred and eighty feet broad, with a
S T A IN S.
good counterſcarpe, and a covered way marked
out, with ravelins and tenailles. There are alſo
This is a very populous town, ſituated on the two ſmall redoubts of brick ; but the chief
Thames, about nineteen miles from London, in ſtrength on this ſide the fort conſiſts in being
55
8 B
able

650
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
able to lay the whole level under water, and by able diſtance. The extenſive compaſs of this
that means to make it impoſſible for an enemy to great arch to a perſon below.occaſions a very un-
carry on approaches that way.
common ſenſation of awe and furprize; and he is
On the river ſide is a very ſtrong curtain, with ſtill farther aſtoniſhed when he proceeds to take
a noble gate called the water-gate in the middle, notice that all the timbers are in a falling poſicions
and the ditch is paliſadoed. Before this curtain for there is not one upright piece to be diſcovered,
is a platform in the place of a counterſcarp, on and at the ſame time conſiders the very ſmall di-
which are planted one hundred and fix cannon, menſions of the piers by which the whole is fup-
carrying from twenty-four to forty-ſix pounds ported.
each, beſides ſmaller ones planted between them; When you have proceeded beyond the brick
and the baſtions and curtains are alſo planted with work, in paſſing over the bridge, the vacant in-
guns.
terſtices between the timbers yield at every ſtep a
At the place where the water-baſtion was de variety of proſpects, which, at the center, are
ſigned to be built, and which, by the plan, ſhould feen at ſtill greater advantage. But though each
run wholly out into the river, ſo as to flank the fide is well ſecured by the timber and rails, to
two curtains on each ſide, ſtands an high tower, the height of eight feet, yet as it affords only a
which, it was ſaid was built in queen Elizabeth's parapet of wide lattice work, and the apertures
time, and was called the Blockhouſe.
feem even to the eye large enough to admit the
paſſage of any perſon to go through, yet thoſe
U X BRIDGE.
not accuſtomed to ſuch views cannot approach
the ſide without being ſenſibly alarmed. The
This town is ſituated in the high road to Ox openings indeed are purpoſely left to admit a free
ford, about eighteen miles from London, in the paſſage for the air, in order to keep the timbers
county of Middlefex. Norwichſtanding it is en the more found, and that the leaſt decay may be
tirely independent, and is governed by two bai the more eaſily perceived and amended.
Jiffs, two conſtables and two headboroughs, yet The nobility and gentry in this neighbourhood
it is only a hamlet to Great Hillington.
find a very agreeable benefit from this admirable
The river Colne runs through this town in two bridge, eſpecially as the ferries are dilatory, dan-
ſtreams, well ſupplied with trout, eels, and other gerous, and at times impaffable; and its being
fih ; and over the main ſtream is a ſtone bridge erected has cauſed the roads chereabouts, in both
that leads into Buckinghamſhire. The church, counties, eſpecially on the Surry ſide, to be
or rather chapel, was built in the reign of Henry greatly improved.
VI.
This town has the honour of giving the title WALTH A M A B B E Y.
of earl to the noble family of Paget. It has
many good inns, and is particularly diſtinguiſhed This is a ſmall market town ſituated on the
by the whiteneſs of the bread, eſpecially their banks of the river Lea, which is here divided into
rolls. There are many corn mills at a ſmall divers channels, forming ſeveral ſmall iſlands,
diſtance, and a conſiderable number of waggon about thirteen miles from London, in the county
loads of meal are brought from thence every of Effex.
week to London,
In this town was a monaſtery founded about
the year 1062, by Harold, earl of Kent, for a
W A L T O N.
dean and eleven ſecular canons, who were by
king Henry II. changed into an abbot and regu-
This village is ſituated on the banks of the lars of the order of St. Auguſtin, and their num-
Thames, oppoſite to Shepperton, in the county ber increaſed to twenty-four. It was dedicated
of Surry. It is ſaid that Middleſex once joined to the Holy Croſs, and its yearly revenue, at the
it till about three hundred years ago the old cur general diſſolution amounted to nine hundred
rent of the Thames was changed by an innunda pounds four ſhillings and three pence.
tion, and a church deſtroyed by the force of the Harold, the founder of the abbey, was killed
in the great battle in Suſſex, fought with William
Here is a very curious bridge over the Thames, the Conqueror; and his niother having begged the
erected at the expence of Samuel Decker, eſq; who body of that prince, it was interred in this abbey.
applying to parliament for that purpoſe, obtained In the reign of queen Elizabeth, as ſome work-
in the year 1747, an act to empower him to build men were digging here, they found his coffin,
a bridge there, and the ſame was compleated in covered with a fat grave ſtone, on which was
Auguſt 1750. It conſiſts of only four ſtone piers, only this ſhort inſcription, Harold Infelix!
between which are three large truſs arches of This antique building is now a gentleman's
beams and joiſts of wood, ſtrongly bound toge ſeat; and the gardens belonging to it were ſome
ther with mortiſes, iron pins, and cramps; under years ago greatly admired; but ſince che taſte
theſe three arches the water conſtantly runs; be for incloſed gardens has been condemned, they
ſides which are five other arches of brick work on have been but little frequented, except by cu-
each ſide, to render the aſcent and deſcent the rious perſons to ſee the tulip tree, which grows
more eaſy. The center arch, when viewed by on a grafs plot near the houſe, and is one of the
the river fide, affords an agreeable proſpect of fineſt and moſt floriſhing of the ſpecies in Eng-
the country, beautifully diverſified with wood land, producing annually, in the month of July,
and water, which is feen through it to a conſider a prodigious quantity of Aowers,
Beſides
water.

HISTORY and SURVËr of LONDON. óft
Beſides a weekly market on Tueſday this town able for corn and malt, five thouſand quarters of
has three annual faits, viz. the fourteenth of the latter being frequently ſent in a week to Lon-
May, and the twenty-fifth and twenty-ſixth of don, by the barges, which generally go with
September; for horſes, cows, and ſwine.
coals, grocery, &c. Beſides which, there are
two annual fairs, viz. the laſt Tueſday in April,
W A L T H AM CROSS: and the Tueſday before St. Matthew's day, for
horſes, black cattle, and ſheep:
This is a market town ſituated on the weſt fide At one of the inns in this town; there is a faa
of the river Lea, in the road to Ware, about mous bed, formerly uſed by travellers from Lona
twelve miles from London, in the county of don; and other places: it is of a ſquare form,
Middleſex. It receives its diſtinguiſhing epithet | each ſide twelve feet in length, and is ſaid to con
from the croſs built there by Edward I. in ho tain forty perſons.
nour of his beloved queen Eleanor, whoſe corps Not far from Ware; in a place called Lemon
reſted here in its way from Lincolnſhire to Lon Field, three Roman wine veſſels were dug up in
don. Round the pillars are placed the effigies of
the
year 1729. They were made of a pale red-
that princeſs, with the arms of her confort, and difh earth, and in the form of the Roman am-
thoſe of her own, viz. England, Caftile, Leon, phora, with two handles, and pointed at the bot-
and Poictou, which, though greatly defaced, are com, for the purpoſe of fixing them in the
ſtill in part remaining:
ground. They were eighteen inches below the
ſurface, and full of earth and chalk ſtones of the
W ARE
neighbouring foil. Many human bones have
been dug up hereabouts ; but though the ground
This is a conſiderable market town, ſituated in around them was black, it did not appear that
à valley on the eaſt ſide of the river Lea; in
the bodies had been burnt; they ſeemed, by the
Hertfordſhire. It is ſaid to have derived its name ſhallowneſs of their burial, to have been the res
from a ſort of dam, anciently made to ſtop the
licks of a battle.
current of the ſtream, and called Wier, or Wear;
a conjecture that ſeems to be confirmed; by the
W AT FOR D.
great abundance of water here, which has obliged
the inhabitants to make wears and ſluices, to pre-
This town is ſituated on the ſpot where was
ſerve the town and adjacent meadows from innun formerly a ford over the river Colne, ſeventeen
dations
miles from London, in Hertfordſhire ; and the
This town was founded in the year 914, by or pretorian or conſular highway, made by the Row
der of Edward I, and began to be of ſome note mans in this county, called Watling-ſtreet, croffes
in the reign of king John, when the high road to the Colne near it, and paſſes on to Verulam, near
the north, which before went through Hertford,
St. Albans.
was, by the intereſt of Sayer de Quincy, then It conſiſts of one long ſtreet, which is extreme-
lord of the manor, turned through this town. ly dirty in the winter, and the waters of the ri-
It conſiſts of one ſtreet, about a mile in length, | ver, at the entrance of the town, are often fo
with ſeveral back ſtreets and lanes, well inhabited. much ſwelled by foods, as to be impafrable.
The church is large, built in the form of a croſs, Here is a charity ſchool for forty boys, who are
and has a handſome gallery, erected by the go both taught and cloathed ; and a handſome free-
vernors of Chriſt's-hoſpital in London, who ſend ſchool, built in 1709, by Mrs. Elizabeth Fuller.
many of the children of that hoſpital here for Likewiſe feveral almfhoufes, and other funds for
education. Beſides a charity ſchool here are ſe-
ven almſhouſes well endowed.
Beſides a weekly market on Tueſday, here are
The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, alſo two annual fairs, viz. Trinity Monday and
together with all the tythes belonging to it, and Tueſday, for horſes, black cattle, and ſheep.
two carucates of land, were given, about the
year 1081, by Hugo de Grentemaiſnil, lord of
WE Y BRI D G E.
the manor of Ware, to the monks of St. Ebrulf,
at Utica, in Normandy; whereupon it became a This is a very pleaſant village ſituated in Surry,
cell to that abbey, and in courſe of time, was fo about four miles from Hampton-Court, and
well endowed, that when Edward III. during his owes its names to a bridge formely erected here
wars with France, ſeized the alien priories, this over the river Weye.
was farmed at two hundred pounds a year. After In the neighbourhood of this village are ſeveral
the ſuppreſſion of theſe foreign houſes, this was fine ſeats, particularly thoſe of the earls of Port-
given, in the third year of Henry V. to the monks more and Lincoln. The latter is called OAT-
of Skene. Henry VI. annexed it for ſome time LANDS, and is a very handſome building ſituate
to the abbey of St. Mary, near Leiceſter; but it in the middle of a fine park. The other is known
was afterwards reſtored to Skene, and at the dif by the name of Ham Farm, is a very magnifi-
ſolution, given by Henry VIII. to Trinity col cent ſtructure, regularly built of brick, with a
lege in Cambridge. In the north part of the fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds
town there was alſo a houſe of Grey, or Franciſ with which ic is encircled conſiſt of about five
can friars ; but how long it continued, is not hundred acres, one hundred and thirty of which
known.
are laid out for pleaſure, beſides a paddock of
Here is a weekly market on Tueſday, remark-
about ſixty acres.
This
the poor:

652
HISTORY and SURVE r of LONDON.
he
This delightful ſeat has the command of two pect around it; in the front is a wide and exten
navigable rivers ; the Thames, which comes with Give vale, adorned with corn fields and meadows,
a fine bending courſe by the ſide of the terrace, with groves on either ſide, and the calm ſmooch
and the Weye, which runs directly through the water of the Thames running through it. On
grounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace. the declivity of the hill is a fine terrace faced
Over the Weye is a ſwing bridge, which may be with a rampart of free ftone, 1870 feet in length.
turned aſide at pleaſure, to let boats and other This may juſtly be ſaid to be one of the nobleſt
vefſels pafs. The Weye is navigable to Guil walks in Europe, both with reſpect to the
ford, and is now extended from thence to Godal ſtrength and grandeur of the building, and the
min. What is called the Virginia water runs fine and extenſive proſpect over the Thames, of
from Windſor great park, and flows a little high- the adjacent country on every ſide, where, from
er up through the grounds of the late Mr. Souch the variety of villas ſcattered about, nature and
cote. The terrace next the Thames is remark art ſeem to vie with each other.
ably beautiful, and though it lies on a flat, there From this terrace you enter a beautiful park,
are ſome good views from it, as well as from which ſurrounds the building, and is called the
fome other parts of the garden.
little or houſe park, to diſtinguiſh it from another
adjoining, which is of a much greater extent.
WINDSO R.
This little park is four miles in circumference,
and ſurrounded by a brick wall. The turf is of
This a pleaſant and well-inhabited town ſituate a moſt beautiful green, and it is adorned with
on the banks of the Thames, amidſt the moſt many ſhady walks, eſpecially that called queen
beautiful vallies, in the county of Berks. It is Elizabeth's, which, on the ſummer evenings, is
governed by a mayor and thirty brethren, thirteen frequented by the beſt company. It is well
of whom are ſtiled benchers, and ten of theſe ſtocked with deer and other game, and the
brethren have the title of aldermen, out of whom keepers lodge at the farther end is a delightful
the mayor is choſen annually.
ſituation.
The church is a ſpacious antient ſtructure, This beautiful palace was firſt built by William
ſeated on the eaſt ſide of the High-ſtreet, and de the Conqueror ſoon afer his being eſtabliſhed on
dicated to St. John the Baptift. In the ſame the throne of this kingdom. It was afterwards
ftreet is likewiſe the town-houſe, or Guildhall, a greatly improved by king Henry I. who added
neat regular edifice built in the year 1686, and many new buildings, and ſurrounded the whole
adorned with columns and arches of Portland with a ſtrong wall: and the ſucceeding princes,
ſtone.
on account of its pleaſant ſituation, and its being
The hall, or the room in which the mayor and a ſtrong fortreſs and place of defence, made it
corporation meet for the diſpatch of the buſineſs their conſtant reſidence.
of the borough, is ſpacious, and well adapted to In this caſtle Henry II. held a parliament in
the purpoſe ; and is adorned with the portraits of the year 1170; and here king John lodged dur-
Charles I. Charles II. James II. William III. ing the conteſt between him and the barons.
and queen Mary, queen Anne, George, prince However, in diſputes between his fon and ſuc-
of Denmark, archbiſhop Laud, Theodore Ran ceffor, king Henry III. and his barons, this
due, eſq; the earl of Nottingham, lord admiral caſtle was in 1263 delivered up by treaty.
in the year 1688, governor of Windſor Caſtle, King Edward I. and II. reſided here, more on
and high ſteward of the borough, &c. The hall account of its delightful ſituation, than its
is at preſent under great improvements, at the ſtrength; and had many children born here;
expence of the nobility and gentry of the place, among whom was the heroic Edward III. who
who make uſe of it during the ſummer for ſub had an extraordinary affection for this his native
ſcription aſſemblies; and in the winter, for a place, and in the year 1360, cauſed the whole
weekly card affembly. In 1707, the corporation, caſtle to be entirely taken down, except the three
from their regard to queen Anne, who conſtantly towers at the weſt end of the lower ward ; and
reſided at Windſor, during the ſummer ſeaſon, || rebuilding the preſent ſtately caſtle, made ic the
erected in a niche, at the north end of this ſtruc ſeat of the moſt noble order of the garter.
ture, the ſtatue of that princeſs, veſted in her The better to effect this work, ſeveral perſons
royal robes, with the globe and ſceptre in her were appointed to provide ftone, lead, timber,
hands. And in a niche on the ſouth ſide is the iron, &c. and to impreſs carriages to convey them
ftatue of her majeſty's royal confort, prince to Windſor. They were alſo to preſs hewers of
George of Denmark, in a Roman military habit. ſtone, carpenters, and other artificers ; to ſurvey
In the area, under the hall, is kept a weekly the works and men; to encourage thoſe that did
market on Saturdays, which is plentifully ſupplied their duty ; and to compel the idle and Nothful.
with all kinds of proviſions.
The whole had been carried on ſeveral years,
From the delightful ſituation of this town, when, in the thirty-third year of his reign, the
many gentlemen of fortune and family conſtant office of ſurveyor of this caſtle was conferred on
ly reſide there, and in its neighbourhood ; but William of Wickham, afterwards biſhop of Win-
its greateſt boaſt is in its royal caſtle, which, for cheſter, with power to diſpoſe of all the work-
upwards of ſeven hundred years, has been the men, to purchaſe materials, and to provide ma-
reſidence of the kings of England, and the ſeat fons, and other artificers; who when he had
of the moft noble order of the garter.
finiſhed this great work, cauſed to be cut on one
It is ſituated upon a high hill, which riſes by a of the towers this doubtful ſentence:
gentle aſcent, and enjoys a moſt delightful prof-
This made Wickham,
Which

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON:
653
ment:
Which was repreſented to the king, as if that fight of an hundred and forty-ſeven ſteps of pura
biſhop had the preſumption to aſſume the honour beck ſtone. Here you paſs through a handſome
of erecting this royal caſtle; but the prelare de court, in the middle of which is a reſervoir of
feated the deſign of his enemies, by afſuring his water, erected in the reign of Charles II. to re-
royal maſter, that he had not the leaſt intention ceive the drains froni the upper leads and out of.
to injure the honour of his ſovereign, but that fices.
this was only an acknowledgement, that the From this court you proceed to the guard-
building had made him great in the favour of chamber, in which is a neat and well diſpoſed
his prince, and was the cauſe of his advance collection of arms, as matchlocks, the firſt ever
an interpretation which ſatisfied that made; whole, half, and quarter pikes, with
king, and prevented his falling under hisdif bandaleers of various figures. Round the cor-
pleaſure.
nice are a number of breaſt-plates, with helmets
Other conſiderable additions were made to this over them, and ſeveral drums in proper order.
noble palace in fucceeding times. King Henry Over the chimney is carved in lime wood, an
VII. added the ſtately fabric adjoining to the oval of the ſtar and garter, crowned and encom-
king's lodgings in the upper ward. Henry VIII. paffed with daggers and piſtols. The pillars of
rebuilt the great gate in the lower ward leading the door leading to the dining room are compoſed
to the town, king Edward IV. began, and queen of pikes, on the top of which are two coats of
Mary perfected, the bringing of water from mail, probably thoſe of John king of France,
Black-Moor-Park, in the pariſh of Wingfield, and David king of Scotland, who were priſoners
into a fountain of curious workmanſhip, in the here, they being both inlaid with gold, the for-
middle of the upper court. Queen Elizabeth mer with Fleur-de-liffes, and the latter with
made the terrace walk on the north ſide of the thiếtles: there are beſides the horſe armour,
caſtle ; and king Charles I, built the gate at the gauntlets and other accoutrements belonging to
eaſt end of the terrace leading into the park. theſe coats of mail. On the ſtair-caſe, leading
King Charles II. entirely repaired it: the face of to the dining-room, ſtands the figure of a yeoman
of the upper-court was changed, and brought of the guard, painted in his proper dreſs, as if in
into its preſent beauty ; the windows were en waiting. Here are four pillars of pikes orna-
larged and made regular; and the royal apart mented with bandaleers, carbines, and match-
ments were completely furniſhed, and adorned locks. In the centre is a beautiful engraved horſe
with beautiful paintings. And laſtly, queen | ſhield, encompaſſed with daggers and piſtols; as
Anne, made ſeveral additions to it, particularly || alſo ſeveral of king James's and king William's
the flight of ſteps on the eaſt ſide.
pieces, ranged in beautiful order.
This ſtately and venerable caſtle is divided into The great dining room is very neatly furniſhed,
(wo courts or wards, with a large round tower and the tapeſtry, which is diſpoſed in ſix com-
between them called the middle ward, it being | partments, repreſents the well known ſtory of
formerly ſeparated from the lower ward by a Hero and Leander.
Itrong wall and draw-bridge. The whole con The dreſſing room is adorned with many cu-
tains about twelve acres of land, and has many rious prints and drawings, particularly.
towers and batteries for its defence.
In the upper ward is a ſpacious ſquare, bound Four views of his grace the duke of Mountagu,
ed on the weſt ſide of the round tower; on the the preſent governor's ſeat at Blackheath.
north by the royal apartments, St. George's hall, A fiege of the Romans, drawn with the pen.
and the chapel royal; and on the eaſt and ſouth The earl of Pernbroke's family.
ſides by the apartments of the prince of Wales, Rembrant's mother.
the royal family, and the great officers of ſtate. In Lady Dorothy Boyle.
the center of this ſquare is an equeſtrian ſtatue in Cleopatra.
copper of king Charles II. in a roman habit, and A Turk by candle light.
placed on a marble pedeſtal, on the ſouth ſide of The bedchamber is very neatly furniſhed; and
which are repreſented in baffo relievo, a variety in it are ſix elbow chairs, curiouſly ſtudded with
of figures expreſſive of navigation. On the eaſt ivory, The bed is of chints complete, and the
fide is the royal cypher, ſurrounded with the gar tapeſtry is richly wrought with gold and ſilver.
ter, and crowned with other ornaments. On the The other rooms in this part not having any
north ſide are variety of fruits; and on the weſt thing very curious, we ſhall paſs them over.
is a ſhield, in which is a latin inſcription to this The curtain contains ſeventeen partholes, in
effect. " Tobias Ruftat humbly gave and dedi each of which is placed a piece of cannon, and
“ cated this effigy to his moſt gracious maſter on the leads of the tower is placed the royal
" Charles II. the beſt of kings, in the year of ſtandard, which is fourteen yards long, and eight
C our Lord MDCLXXX.”
broad; and is hoiſted on all ſtate holidays. The
The round tower, which forms the weſt ſide of union, which is nine yards by fix, is always
this upper court, contains the governor's apart hoiſted when the governor is preſent. Againſt
It is built in the form of an amphi-
the wall is this inſcription :
theatre, on the higheſt part of the mount. The
aſcent to the lodgings was formerly by the flight
66 A liſt of the counties to be ſeen on the top
of an hundred ſteps of oak, ſo contrived, that " of this round tower. Middleſex, Eflex,
a perſon on horſeback might aſcend or deſcend " Hertford, Bucks, Berks, Oxford, Wilts,
with pleaſure; but the preſent entrance is by a “ Hants, Surry, Suſſex, Kent, Bedford.”
56
8 C
The
nients.

654 HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
The lower court is larger than the upper, and firſt erected by king Edward III. in the year
divided into two parts by St. George's chapel, 1337, ſoon after the foundation of the college,
which ſtands in the middle. On the north or in for the order of the garter, and dedicated to St.
ner ſide are the houſes and apartments of the dean George, the patron of England; but however no-
and canons, minor canons, clerks, and other of. ble the firſt deſign might be, king Edward IV. not
ficers; and on the ſouth and weſt ſides of the finding it entirely completed, enlarged the ſtruc-
outer part, are the houſes of the poor knights of ture, and deſigned the preſent building, together
Windſor.
with the houſes of the dean and cannons, ſituated
The apartment belonging to the dean is large on the ſides of the north and weſt ſides of the
and commodious; and in the great hall are hung chapel: the work was afterwards carried on by
up the arms of the fovereign and knight's com Henry VII. who finiſhed the body of the chapel;
panions of the garter. In an apartment called and Sir Reginald Bray, knight of the garter, and
the garter-room, the knights meet and robe on the favourite of that king, aſſiſted in ornament-
the morning of inſtallation, and proceed from ing the chapel and completing the roof.
thence to chapel
. In this room is an ancient The architecture of the inſide has always been
ſcreen, on which are properly blazoned the arms eſteemed for its neatneſs and great beauty; and in
of king Edward III. and the ſeveral fovereigns | particular, the ſtone roof is reckoned an excellent
and knights companions from the foundation, to piece of workmanſhip. It is an ellipſis ſupported
the preſent time.
by Gothic pillars, whoſe ribs and groins ſuſtain
The inner cloiſters contain the houſes of feve the whole ceiling, every part of which has fome
ral prebends; and at the lower end is the library
different device well finiſhed, as the arms of Ed-
belonging to the college, the inſide of which is ward the Confeſſor, Edward III. Henry VI. Ed-
neat, though not elegant. It is well furniſhed ward IV, Henry VII. and Henry VIII. alſo the
with ecclefiaftical writers, and books of polite arms of England and France quarterly, the croſs
literature, and ſome time ago received a conſider of St. George, the roſe, portcullis, lion rampant,
able addition from the late earl of Ranelagh, | unicorn, &c.
who bequeathed his valuable library to the col In a chapel in the ſouth iſle is repreſented
lege.
in ancient painting, the hiſtory of John the
The houſes of the minor cannons, which ad Baptiſt; and in the ſame iſle are painted on large
join to theſe, are built in the form of a horſe pannels of oak, neatly carved, and decorated
ſhoe, in alluſion to one of the badges of Heniy
with the ſeveral devices peculiar to each prince,
VII. or his predeceſſor king Edward IV. and are che portraits at full length, of prince Edward, fon
commonly called the Horſe-ſhoe Cloyſters. to Henry VI. Edward IV. Edward V. and Hen-
There are alſo in this court ſeveral towers be-
longing to the officers of the crown, and the or In the north iſle is a chapal dedicated to St.
der of the garter, namely to the biſhop of Win Stephen, wherein the hiſtory of that faint is
cheſter, prelate; the biſhop of Saliſbury, Chan fainted on the pannels, and well preſerved. In
cellor, and Garter, king at arms, Here is alſo the
the ſtone tower, guard. a ſented ;
of record, held under the governor or conſta is before Herod's tribunal; in the third, he is
ble.
ftoning; and in the fourth, he is repreſented
The houſes of the poor knights conſift of thir dead. At the eaſt end of this ifle is the chapter-
teen on the ſouth ſide, called the royal founda. houſe of the college, in which is a portrait at
tion: the other five are on the weſt end of the full length, by a maſterly hand, of the victorious
court; and are called, Sir Peter la Mair's Foun Edward III. in his robes of ſtate, holding in his
dation; thoſe who belong to it, have a ſalary or right hand a ſword, and bearing the crowns of
ftipend to enable them to repair their houſes France and Scotland, in token of the many vic-
themſelves, which thoſe of the foundation have tories he gained over theſe nations.
not. The charitable intention of king Edward III.
On each ſide of the choir are the ſtalls of the
the royal founder, was to provide only for ſuch as |. ſovereign and knights companions of the moſt
were weak in body, and in low circumſtances, noble order of the garter, with the helmet, mant-
having not enough to live in fo genteel a manner ling, creſt, and ſword, of each knight ſet up over
as became a military profeſſion. Hence
queen
his fall on a canopy of ancient carving curiouſly
Elizabeth's ſtatutes obſerve, that in caſe there wrought; and over the canopy is affixed the ban-
ſhould happen to fall to any of the alms knights, ner or arms of each knight properly blazon'd on
lands, rents, &c. to the yearly rent of twenty filk; and on the back of the ſtalls are the ticles of
pounds, then ſuch knight ſhould be immediately the knights, with their arms neatly engraved
removed from the college, and another alms and blazoned on copper. The fovereign's ſtall
knight put in his room. But of late years licele is on the right hand of the entrance into the
regard has been paid to theſe regulations. Theſe choir, and is covered with purple velvet and cloth
eighteen poor knights have a penſion of eighteen of gold, and has a canopy and compleat furni-
pounds a year, and annually a gown or furcoat of ture of the fame valuable materials ; his banner
ſcarlet cloth, and a mantle of blue or purple is likewiſe of velvet, and his mantling of cloth
cloth, on the left ſleeve of which is embroidered of gold. The prince's ſtall is on the left, and has
the croſs of St. George in a plain eſcutcheon. no diſtinction from thoſe of the reſt of the
The chapel of St. George, as mentioned be knight's companions, the whole ſociety, accord-
fore, is fituated in the middle of the lower court. ing to the ſtatutes of the inſtitution, being com-
It is a fine piece of Gothic architecture, and was panions and colleagues equal in honour and power,
The
ry VII.

HISTORT and SURVEY of LONDON
653
The altar-piece was, ſoon after the reſtoration, melons, peaches, and other fruit, with cabbages,
adorned with cloth of gold and purple damaſk
Carrots, &c.
by king Charles II. but on removing the wainſcot Air is repreſented by a woman, with her left
of one of the chapels in 1707, a fine painting of hand on a peacock's back, whoſe tail is extend-
the Lord's Supper was found, which being ap ed; a parokeet is by the peacock in a flying poſ-
proved of by Sir James Thornhill, Verrio, and ture, and on her right hand is perched a King's
other eminent mafters, it was repaired and placed || Fiſher , little zephyrs are playing over her head,
on the altar-piece.
with a variety of birds.- rist
Near the altar is the Queen's gallery, for the Water is repreſented by a Neriad holding a
accommodation of the ladies at an inſtallation, fiſh in her lap, with a dolphin, cod, eels, and
In a vault under the marble pavement of this other fiſh under her feet, and around her are lit-
choir, are interred the bodies of Henry VIII. tle cupids, with their wings dropping wet, hava
and Jane Seymour his queen, king Charles I. and ing each a little fiſh to play with.
a daughter of queen Anne. In the ſouth ifle, In the different parts of the ceiling are the
near the door of the choir, is buried Henry VI. winds ſupporting the clouds ; and in the front is
and the arch near which he was interred, was Aurora with her nymphs in waiting, giving Wa-
ſumptuouſy decorated by Henry VIII. with the ter to her horſes. On the cornice are two ſigns
royal enſigns and other devices, but they are now of the Zodiac fupporting a golden urn of flowers.
much defaced by time.
On the right hand of the above figure is Aries,
In this chapel is alſo a monument of Edward, or the ram, with one of the winds; and on the
earl of Lincoln, lord high admiral of England in left Libra, or the Balance, with a blue band of
the reign of queen Elizabeth, erected by his lady, ſtaars round his body, and ſcales in his hand.
who is alſo interred with him. The monument Beneath the cornice are twelve azure colums,
is of alabaſter, with pillars of porphyry.
painted, of the Corinthian order; and on each
Another, with a neat ſcreen of braſs work, is hand, in large comparements, are the transfor-
erected to the memory of Charles Somerſet, earl mation of Phšton's fifters into Poplar trees, with
of Worceſter, and knight of the garter, who died this inſcription, MAGNIS TAMEN EXCIDIT AUSIS ;
in 1526, and his lady, daughter to William earl alſo the transformation of Cycnus into a fwan,
of Huntingdon.
Between each pillar is a niche, in which is repre-
A ſtately monument of white marble erected fented Geography, Comedy, Tragedy, Epic
to the memory of Henry Somerſet, duke of Beau Poetrys Sculpture, Painting, Muſic, and the
fort, and knight of the garter, who died in 1699. || Mathematics; all which are painted in umber,
There are here alfo the tombs of Sir George | and heightened with gold; ſo that they appear to
Manners, lord Roos; that of the lord Haſtings, the eye like braſs.ftatues.to ovirim
chamberlain to Edward IV. and ſeveral others. -- Over the door is a buft of Venus in black
This chapel was made uſe of by king James | marble; and on the front ſide of the ſtair-cafe,
II. for the ſervice of popery ; and maſs being is an oval which gives a view to the back ſtair.
publickly performed there, it has ever ſince been caſe, which is adorned with the ſtory of Melea-
neglected, and ſuffered to go to ruin.
ger killing the wild boar of Ætolia, and giving
Having thus deſcribed the outer parts of this che head to his miſtreſs Attalanta. O
antique building, we thall now proceed to the The painting of the whole ſtair-cafe was de-
royal apartments, which, as has been already ob ſigned and executed by Sir James Thornhill, in
ſerved, are ficuate on the north ſide of the upper the reigns of queen Anne and king George I.
court, and are called the Star Buildings, from Having aſcended the ſtair-caſe the firſt room
their having the ſtar and garter in gold on the you enter is
outſide next the terrace.
The entrance into theſe apartments is through
The Queen's Guard-chamber.
a handſome veſtibule, ſupported by columns of
Ionic order, wich fome antique bufts in ſeveral This room is completely furniſhed with guns,
niches ; and in a niche, at the foot of the ſtair piftols, bayonets, pikes, fwords, &c. beautifully
caſe, is a Roman ſlave picking a thorn out of his ranged and diſpoſed into various forms, as the
foot.
ſtar and garter, the royal cypher, a draikello, and
The ſtair-caſe conſiſts of three flights of ſtone
other ornaments.
ſteps, containing twelve in each fight, fecured The ceiling is adorned with Britannia in the
on the right-hand with twiſted iron baluſtrades perſon of queen Catharine of Portugal, confort
Here, within a dome, is repreſented the ſtory of of Charles II. feated on a globe, bearing the
Phæron petitioning Apollo to permit him to drive arms of England and Portugal, the four quarters
the chariot of the ſun. In the ceiling, under the of the earth preſenting her their reſpective of
dome, are the repreſentations of the four ele ferings.
ments, one in each corner.
Europe, as a lady richly dreſſed, fits between
Fire is repreſented by a woman ficting on a pile, two cornucopias, the one full of corn, and the
with a flaming cenſor in her hand, and by her is other of grapes, holding a temple in her right
a phenix and a falamander.
hand, and with her left pointing to ſcepters and
Earth is crowned with a chaplet of corn, and crowns placed among trophies of arms, with a
holds in one hand a wheatſheaf, and in the other horſe and a book, on which is perched an owl; by
a cornucopia ; by her are two little boys, with her lies ſeveral muſical inſtruments, and a painters
plumbs and cherries ; and at her feet are ftrewed || pallet, with pencils.
Alia

058
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Aſia is repreſented as a lady in a rich embroid repreſented giving freedom to Europe by the
ered dreſs, wearing on her head a garland of fruit || figures of Perſeus and Andromeda. On the
and flowers : ſeveral branches of pepper, caflia fhield of Perſeus is infcribed Perſeus Britannicus,
and olives, are in her right hand, and in her left and over the head of Andromeda is wrote Europa
a ſmoaking cenſor; and on one ſide of her is a Liberata, and Mars, attended by the celeſtial
camel kneeling
ed udgin iad sobre
deities, offers the olive branch.
101
Africa is repreſented as a negro woman, with | On the coving of this room is the ſtory of Per-
her hair frizled; ſhe is almoſt naked, and has an ſeus and Andromeda, the four ſeaſons, and the
elephant's head for a creſt, with a necklace of ſigns of the Zodiac; the whole heightened with
| coral, and pendants of the fame; on one ſide of gold. The tapeſtry, which was made ac Bruſſels,
her is a lion, and on the other a viper and a large and fet up by king Charles II. repreſents the ſea-
ſerpent.
fons of the year ; and the room is adorned with
America is repreſented by a woman of a tawny the following pictures :
aſpect, who is almoſt naked : ſhe has a veil fold-
ed over her ſhoulders, and an artificial band of || The Roman Charity, after Tintorer.
feathers round her body ; in her hand the holds 36 Duns Scotus, by Spagnoletco.
a bow, and by her is a quiver, with a human eri A Madona, by Titian.
head pierced through with an arrow; and on the Fame, by Palmegiani
ground is a lizard.
The arts and Sciences, by the ſame.
In different parts of the ceiling are Mars, Mi Pan and Syrinx, by Stanick.
nerva, Venus, and other heathen deities, and
be
on the outer part are the ſigns of the zodiac. salad The Queen's Drawing Room.
On the coving over the door is Minerva, on the
eaſt ſide Achilles, on the ſouth Juno, with a pea The tapeſtry of this room repreſents the twelte
cock, and on the weſt, Venus with her doves. months of the year; and the ceiling is painted
Over the chimney is George prince of Den with the aſſembly of the gods and goddeffes, the
mark on horſeback, by Dahl, and a view of ſhip whole intermixed with cupids, fowers, &c. and
ping by Vandevelde, nesano
heightened with gold. The pictures are,
The Queen's Preſence-chamber.
Lot and his two daughters, after Angelo.
Lady Digby, the wife of Sir Kenelm Digby,
The tapeſtry of this room repreſents the hiſtory by Vandyke.
of the beheading of St. Paul, and the perfecu A Spaniſh family, copied from Titian. Su
tion of the primitive chriſtians. 1 The ceiling is A Dutch family, in the character of Mark
adorned with the figure of queen Catharine, at Anthony and Cleopatra, by De Bray,
tended by Religion, Prudence, Fortitude, and * A ſleeping Venus, by Pouſſin.
other virtues ; ſhe is under a curtain ſpread by A flower piece, by Verellt.
Time, and ſupported by Zephyrs, with Fame
ſounding the happineſs of Britain. Below, Juf-
The Queen's Bed-chamber.
tice is driving away Sedition, Envy, and others in
evil genii.
The bed of ſtate is rich Aowered velvet made
The paintings in this room are,
in Spital-fields, by order of queen Anne; and
the tapeftry, which repreſents the harveſt ſeaſon,
Judith and Holofernes, by Guido Reni. was alſo made at London, by Poyntz. The
A Magdalen, by Sir Peter Lely. TT ceiling is painted with the ſtory of Diana and
A Prometheus, by young Palma.
Endymion; and the room is adorned with the
following pictures :
The Queen's Audience-chamber.
Judith and Holofernes, by Guido.
The ceiling of this room is adorned with the Herod's cruelty, by Giulio Romans.
repreſentation of Bricannia in the perſon of queen The Holy Family, by Raphael.
Catharine, feated in a triumphal carr, drawn by
fwans, to the temple of Virtue, attended by Ce-
The Room of Beauties.
res, Pomona, Flora, &c. with other decorations
heightened with gold. The canopy is of fine
room is thus called from its containing a
Engliſh velvet, ſet up by queen Anne; and the collection of portraits of the moſt celebrated
tapeſtry was made at Coblentz in Germany, and beauties in the reign of king Charles II. They
preſented to king Henry VIII. The pictures in are fourteen in number, and are as follow,
this room are,
The lady Offory--The dutchefs of Somerſet-
Judith and Holofernes, by Guido Reni. Thedutcheſs of Cleveland-Lady Gramont-The
St. Stephen ftoned, by Rotterman.
counteſs of Northumberland The dutcheſs of
A Magdalen expiring by moon-light, by Ca Richmond--Lady Byron--Mrs. Middleton-La-
racci.
dy Denham's fifter.-Lady Denham-Lady Ro-
cheſter-Lady Sunderland-Mrs. Dawſon-Mrs.
The Ball-room.
Knot.
Theſe are all original paintings drawn to great
On the ceiling of this room king Charles II. is perfection by Sir Peter Lely.
The
This rod

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
657
The Queen's Dreſſing-room.
London, and plenipotentiary ai the congreſs of
Utrecht.
In this room are the following portraits :
The King's Cloſet.
Queen Henrietta Maria, wife to king Charles I.
Queen Mary when a child; and
Among the curioſities in this room is a large
Queen Catharine, all by Vandyke.
frame of needlework, ſaid to be wrought by
The dutcheſs of York, mother to queen Mary, Mary queen of Scors, while a priſoner in Fother-
and queen Anne, by Sir Peter Lely.
ingay caſtle. She herſelf is repreſented ſuppli-
There is a cloſet in this room, wherein are fe cating for juſtice before the Virgin Mary, with
veral paintings, and in particular a portrait of the her ſon, afterwards king James I. ſtanding by
counteſs of Deſmond, who is ſaid to have lived her. In a ſcroll is worked, Sapientiam amavi ei
to within a few days of an hundred and fifty years exquiſivi a Juventute mea, that is, I have loved
of age; alſo à portrait of Eraſmus, and other and ſearched after wiſdom from my youth. Behind
learned men.
the queen are Wiſdom with a ſerpent, and Juf-
In this cloſet is likewiſe the banner of France tice with a ſword. This piece lay a conſiderable
annually delivered on the ſecond of Auguſt by time in the wardrobe, and was at length ordered
the duke of Marlborough, by which he holds to be put up by queen Anne.
Blenheim-houſe, built at Woodſtock in Oxford The ceiling of this room is painted with the
ſhire in the reign of queen Anne, as a national ſtory of Jupiter and Leda; and over the chimney
reward to that great general for his many glorious are three marble bufts. The paintings are,
victories over the French.
A Magdalen, by Carracci.
The Pixture Gallery,
A feeping Cupid, by Correggio.
Contemplations, by Carracci.
This gallery is richly ornamented with the fol Titian's daughter, by herſelf.
lowing paintings:
A German lady, by Raphael.
King James I. and his queen, whole lengths,
by Nanſomer.
The King's Dreſſing room.
Rome in fames, by Guilo Romano.
A Roman family, by Tician.
The ceiling of this room is painted with the
The Holy Family, after Raphael.
ſtory of Jupiter deſcending to Danae, in a ſhower
Judith and Holofernes, by Tincoret.
of gold. The paintings are,
A night piece by Skalkin.
The pool of Betheſda, by Tintoret.
George Villars, duke of Buckingham.
A portrait of Charles VI. emperor of Germany, King Charles II.
by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Two children of Henry VII.
The wife men making offerings to Chriſt, by
A naked Venus alleep, by Sir Peter Lely.
Paulo Veroneſe.
The birth of Jupiter, by Giulio Romano,
Two uſurers, an admired piece; by the famous
blackſmith of Antwerp.
The King's Bed-chamber.
Perſeus and Andromeda, by Schiavon.
Aretina and Titian, by Tician.
This room is hung with tapeſtry repreſenting
The duke of Glouceſter, a whole length by the ſtory of Hero and Leander. The bed of ſtate,
Sir Godfrey Kneller.
which was ſet up in the reign of king Charles II.
Prince George of Denmark; a whole length by is of fine blue cloth, richly embroidered with
Dahl,
gold and Gilver. And on the ceiling that prince
King Henry VIII. by Hans Holbein.
is repreſented in the robes of the garter, under a
Vandanelli, an Italian ſtatuary, by Correggio. canopy ſupported by Time, Jupiter and Nep-
The founders of the different orders in the Ro tunt, with a wreath of laurel over his head, and
mith church, by Titian and Rembrant.
he is attended by Europe, Aſia, Africa and
A rural piece in low life, by Baſſano.
America paying their obedience to him. The
A fowl piece, by Varelſt.
paintings in this room are,
The battle of Spurs near Terevaen in France,
in 1513, by Hans Holbein.
King Charles II. in armour, when a boy, by
Two views of Windſor caſtle, by Wofterman. Vandyke.
Two Italian markets, by Michael Angelo. St. Paul ſtoned at Lyſtra, by Paul Veroneſe.
In this room is a curious amber cabinet; pre-
The King's Di awing room.
ſented by the king of Pruſſia to queen Caroline.
And here likewiſe is queen Caroline's china cloſet, The ceiling of this room is finely painted with
filled with a great variety of curious china ele an allegorical repreſentation of king Charles II.
gantly diſpoſed, and the whole room is finely gilt || riding in a triumphal carr, drawn by the horſes
and ornamented. Over the chimney are the pic of the fun, attended by Fame, Peace, and the
tures of prince Arthur and his two ſiſters, the Police Aris. Hercules is driving away Rebellion,
children of king Henry VII. by Holbein. In Sedition and Ignorance. Britannia and Neptune,
* this cloſet is alſo a fine amber cabinet, preſented || properly attended, are paying obedience to the
to queen Anne, by doctor Robinſon, biſhop of monarch as he paſſes; the whole is a lively repre-
8 D
fentation
66

658
# ISTORY and SUR :
ver of LONDON.
fentation of the reſtoration of that monarch, and
I be King's Prefence chamber.
the introduction of arts and ſciences in theſe king-
doms. In the other parts of the ceiling are paint The tapeſtry of this room contains the hiſtory
ed the labours of Hercules, with feftoons of fruit of queen Atheliah; and on the ceiling is painted
and flowers, the whole beautifully decorated in Mercury with a portrait of king Charles II. which
gold and ſtone colour. The paintings are; he ſhews with tranſport to the four quarters of che
world, who are introduced by Neptune. Fame
A Venetian lady, by Tician.
declares the glory of the prince, and Time drives
A Magdalen; by Carlo Dolci.
away Sedition, Envy, and their companions. Over
Herodias's daughter, by the ſame.
the canopy Juſtice is repreſented in ſtone colours
The marquis of Hamilton, after Vandyke, by ſhewing the arms of Britain to Thames and his
Hanneman.
river nymphs, with the ſtar of Venus, and this
A converted chineſe, the capital piece of Sir label, Sydus Carolinum. At the lower end of the
Godfrey Kneller.
chamber is Venus, in a marine carr, drawn by
Tritons and Sea Nymphs; and the whole is beau-
The King's Public Dining-roomt.
tifully finiſhed in ſtone colour and gold.
The room is likewife adorned with the following
The carving of this room is very beautiful, | portraits.
repreſenting a great variety of fowl, fiſh and
fruit done to the greateſt perfection on lime wood, Henry duke of Glouceſter, brother to king
by Mr. Gibbons, a famous ſtatuary and carver in Charles II.
the reign of king Charles Il. On the ceiling is The counteſs of Dorſet, his governeſs, both by
painted the banquet of the gods, with a great Vandyke.
variety of fiſh and fowl, on the ſeveral parts of Father Paul, by Tintoret.
the coving, finely heightened with gold. The
pictures in this room are,
The King's Guard-chamber.
King George II. and queen Caroline.
This is a ſpacious and noble room, in which is
Hercules and Omphale.
a large magazine of arms, conſiſting of fome
Cephalus and Procris.
thouſands of pikes, piſtols, guns, coats of mail,
The birth of Venus.
ſwords, halberts, bayonets, and drums, diſpoſed
Venus and Adonis ; the four laſt by Genaris. in a moſt curious manner in colonades, pillars,
A naval triumph of king Charles II. by circles, fhields, and ocher devices by Mr. Harris,
Verrio.
formerly maſter gunner of this caſtle.--The
The marriage of St. Catharine, by Dawkers. perſon who invented this beautiful arrangement
Nymphs and Satyrs, by Rubens and Snyders. of arms, likewiſe placed thoſe in the great ar-
Hunting the wild boar, by Snyders.
moury in the Tower of London.
A picture of ſtill life, by Girardo.
The ceiling is finely painted in water colours.
The taking of the bears, by Snyders.
In one circle is Mars and Minerva, and in the
A night piece, being a family ſinging by can other Peace and Plenty. In the dome is alſo a
dle light, by Quiſtin.
repreſentation of Mars, and over the chimney-
A Bohemian family, by de Brie.
piece is a picture of Charles XI. king of Sweden,
Divine love, by an unknown hand.
on horſeback, as big as the life, by Wyck.
Lacy, a famous commedian in the time of At an inſtallation, the knights of the garter dine
king Charles II. in three characters, by Wright. || here in great ſtate in the ablence of the ſovereign.
Many of the paintings in this room are beſt
ſeen at noon by the reflection of the fun.
St. George's Hall.
The King's audience Chamber.
This hall is particularly ſet apart to the honour
This room is hung with tapeſtry repreſenting of the moſt illuſtrious order of the garcer, and is
fome religious ceremonies of the Jews. The ca. perhaps one of the nobleſt rooms in Europe, both
nopy, which is ſaid to be the richeſt ever made, with regard to the building and the painting,
is of green velvet, embroidered with gold. On which is here performed in the moſt grand taſte.
the ceiling is repreſented the eſtabliſhment of the In a large oval in the centre of the ceiling, king
church of England on the reſtoration of king Charles II. is repreſented in the habit of the or-
Charles II. in the charaders of England, Scot der, attended by England, Scotland, and Ireland ;
land and Ireland, attended by Faith, Hope and Religion and Plenty hold the crown of theſe
Charity. Religion triumphs over Superſtition kingdoms over his head; Mars and Mercury,
and Hypocriſy, who are driven by Cupids from with the emblems of war and peace, ſtand on
before the face of the church, all which are re each ſide. In the ſame oval regal government is
preſented in their proper attitudes, and highly || repreſented, upheld by Religion and Eternity,
finiſhed. The pictures are,
with Juſtice attended by Fortitude, Temperance
and Prudence, beating down Rebellion and Fac-
Our Saviour before Pilate, by Michael Angelo. tion. Towards the throne is repreſented in an
The Apoſtles at the Sepulchre, by Schiavone. octagon, St. George's croſs incircled with the
Peter, James and John, by Michael Angelo. garter, within a ſtar or glory ſupported by Cu-
The dutcheſs of Richmond, by Vandyke. pids, with the motto,
Hont

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON. 659
ters.
HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE :
chapel
, which is well worthy the attention of the
curious, is done by that famous artiſt Gibbons,
and beſides other embelliſhments relating to the in lime-tree, repreſenting a great variety of peli-
order, the Mufes are repreſented attending in cans, doves, palms, and other alluſions to ſcrip-
full concert.
ture hiſtory, with the ſtar and garter, and other
On the back of the ſtate, or ſovereign's throne, ornaments finiſhed to great perfection.
is a large drapery, on which is painted St. George From St. George's chapel you are conducted
encountering the dragon; as large as the life ; to the Queen's Guard-chamber, the firſt room
and on the lower border of the drapery is in you entered: for this is the laſt of the ſtate apart-
ſcribed,
ments at preſent ſhown to the public, che others
che being only open when the court reſides at Wind-
VENIENDO RESTITUIT RËMJ 10 for. They conſiſt of many beautiful chambers,
adorned with the paintings of the greateſt mal-
in allufion to king William 1II. who is painted
in the habit of the order, ſitting under à royal In paſſing from hence, the ſtranger uſually
canopy, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. To the throne looks into the inner or horn court, ſo called from
is an aſcené by five ſteps of fine marble, to which a pair of ſtag horns of a very extraordinary ſize,
the painter has added five more, which are done taken in the foreſt, and ſet up in that court, which
with ſuch perfection as to deceive the ſight, and is painted in bronze and ftone colour. On one ſide
induce the ſpectator to think them equally real. is repreſented a Roman bactle, and on the oppo-
This noble room is an hundred and eight feet ſite ſide a fea-fight, with the images of Jupiter,
in length, and the whole north ſide is taken up Neptune, Mercury and Pallas; and in the gal-
with the triumph of Edward the Black Prince, || lery is a repreſentation of king David playing be-
after the manner of the Romans. At the upper fore the ark,
part of the hall is Edward III. that prince's fa From this court a fight of ſtone ſteps lead to
ther, the conqueror of France and Scotland, and the King's Guard-chamber; and in the cavity
the founder of the order of the garter, feated on under theſe ſteps, and fronting this court, is a
a throne, receiving the king's of France and figure of Hercules alſo in ſtone colours. On a
Scotland priſoners : the Black Prince is ſeated in dome over the ſteps, is painted the battle of the
the middle of the proceſſion, crowned with lau Gods; and on the ſides of the ſtair-caſe is a re-
rel, and carried by ſlaves, preceded by captives, || preſentation of the four ages of the world, and
and attended by the emblems of Victory, Liber-
two battles of the Greeks and Romans in freſco.
ty, and other inſignia of the Romans, with the Having thus deſcribed the caſtle both within
banners of France and Scotland diſplayed. The and without, it may not be improper to give ſome
painter has given a looſe to his fancy, by cloſing account of the inſtallation of the knights of the
the proceflion with the fiction of the counteſs of garter, this being the feat of that moſt illuſtrious
Saliſbury, in the perſon of a fine lady, making || order.
garlands for the prince, and the repreſentation of The order of the garter was inſtituted by Ed-
the Merry Wives of Windfor.
ward III. in the year 1349, for the improvement
At the lower end of the hall is a noble of military honour, and the reward of virtue. It
muſic gallery, ſupported by ſlaves, larger than
is called the order of St. George, the pation of
the life, in proper attitudes, ſaid to repreſent a England, under whoſe banner the Engliſh always
father and his three fons taken priſoners by the went out to war, and St. George's croſs was made
Black Prince in his wars abroad. Over this gal- || the enlign of the order. Ac the ſame time the
lery, on the lower compartment of the ceiling, garter was appointed to be worn by the knights
is the collar of the order of the garter fully diſ on the left leg, as a principal mark of diſtinction,
played. The painting of this room was done by not from any regard to a lady's garter, but as a
Verro, and is highly finiſhed; and heightened tye or band of aſſociation in honour and military
with gold.
virtue, to bind the knights companions ſtrictly to
himſelf and each other, in friendſhip and trae
St. George's or the King's chapel.
agreeinent, and as an enſign or badge of unity
and combination, to promoce the honour of
On the ceiling of this chapel is finely repre- || God, and the glory and intereſt of their prince
fented Our Lord's aſcenſion : and the altar-piece and fovereign.
is adorned with a noble painting of the Laſt Sup At that time king Edward being engaged in
per. The north ſide of the chapel is ornamented || proſecuting by arms, his right to the crown of
with the repreſentation of our Saviour's raiſing France, cauſed the French motto Honi foit qui
Lazarus from the dead, his curing the ſick of the mal y penſe, to be wrought in gold letcers round
pally, and other miracles, beautifully painted by the garter, declaring thereby the equity of his
Verro; and in a group of ſpectators, the painter intention, and at the ſame time retoriing ſhame
has introduced his own effigy, with thoſe of Sir and defiance upon him who ſhould dare to chink
Godfrey Kneller, and Mr. Cooper, who aſſiſted ill of the juſt enterprize in which he had engaged
him in theſe paintings. The eaſt end of this for the ſupport of his right to the crown.
chapel is taken up with the cloſet belonging to The inſtallation of a knight of this moft noble
his majeſty and the royal family. The canopy, order conſiſts of many ceremonies eſtabliſhed by
curtains, and furniture, are of crimſon velvet, the royal founder, and the ſucceeding ſovereigns
fringed with gold ; and the carved work of this of the order, che care of which is commitied to
Gartes

660
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
Garter king at arms, a principal officer, appoint over the knight's right ſhoulder, bringing the
ed to ſupport and maintain the dignity of this tippets acroſs his breaſt, and fucking them under
noble order of knighthood.
the beli.
On the morning of the inſtallation the knights This being done; Garter preſents to them the
commiſſioners, whom the ſovereign has appoint Great Collar and George, which they hang over
ed to install the perfons who are to be inveſted the mantle and hood, while the regiſter reads the
with this dignity, aſſemble in the great chamber, || following admonition : “ Wear this collar about
at the dean of Windſor's lodgings, robed in the " thy neck, adorned wich the image of the
full habit of the order, where Garter and the " Bleſſed Martyr and ſoldier of Chriſt, Sc. George;
officers of the order likewiſe attend in their robes ; 66 by whole imitation provoked, thou mayeſt lo
but the knights elect appear there only in their paſs over both proſperous and adverſe encoun-
under habits with their caps and feathers in their ters, that having ſtoudly vanquiſhed thy ene-
hands. 33 yr io noning odo ruw bantok 6 mies, both of body and ſoul, thou mayeſt not
From hence the knights walk iwo and two in I only receive the praiſes of this tranſient com-
proceſſion to St. George's chapel, preceded by “bat, but be crowned with the palm of eternal
the poor knights, prebends, heralds, purſuivants, victory."
and other officers of che order, in their feveral Garter then preſents the ſtatute book, which
habits; where; being arrived, the knighes, elect the commiſſioners deliver to the knight, afcer
reſt themſelves in chairs behind the altar, and are || which they place his cap and feathers on his head,
reſpectively introduced into the chapter-houſe, and leat him in his ſtall. This being done, the
where the knighes commiſłoners (Garter and the officers of the order retire, and ſtand before their
other officers attending) inveſt them with the ſeats; while the knight thus inſtalled riſes, and
furcoat or upper habit of the order, whilſt the bows firſt towards the altar, and then to the fo-
regiſter reads the following admonition : “ Take vereign's ſtall.
“ this robe of crimſon to the increaſe of your Prayers now begin, and the obiit ſervice is
6. honour, and in token or ſign of the moſt no read in remembrance of their pious predeceſſors ;
" ble order you have received, wherewith you
and when theſe words in the prayer are pro-
being defended, may be bold, not only ſtrong nounced, Let your light so ſhine, &c. the poor
" to fighr, but allo to offer yourſelf to ſhed your knights come from their ſeats, make their reve-
• blood for Chriſt's faith, and the liberties of the rences, and walk up near the altar, where they
“ church, and the juſt and neceſſary defence of place themſelves as before, and are followed by
“ them that are oppreſſed and needy.” Then che purſuivants and the officers of arms.
Garter preſents the crimſon velvet girdle to the The folemnity of the inſtallation being thus
commiſſioners, who buckle it on, and alſo girds over, and prayers ended, the grand proceſſion of
on the ſword and hanger. nido to
the knights is made from the choir in their full
This being done the proceſſion of each knight habits of the order, with their caps frequently
elect feparately is made into the choir, attended adorned with diamonds and plumes of feathers on
by the lords commiſſioners, and other compani their heads, round the body of the church; from
ons of the order, and preceded by the poor whence they paſs out at the ſouth door, preceded
knights, prebends, &c. as before, Garter in the || by his majeſty's muſic in the following order:
middle carrying on a crimſon velvet cuſhion the
mantle, hood, garter, collar, and George, hav The poor knights of Windſor.
ing the regiſter on his right hand, who carries The choir of St. George's chapel.
the New Teſtament, and the oath fairly written The canons or prebends of Windſor.
on parchment, and the black rod on his left.
The heralds and purſuivants at arms.
On entering the choir, after reverence made to The dean of Windſor, regiſter of the order,
the altar, and the fovereign's ſtall, the knights with Garter king at arms on his right hand, and
are conducted to their ſeveral ſtalls, under their on his left the black rod of the order.
reſpective banners, and other enligns of honour. The knights companions according to their
One of the officers of the order then holding the ſtalls, their trains ſupported by the choriſters of
New Teſtament open, the knight elect places his Sc. George's chapel.
right hand upon it, and the regiſter reads the oath,
which is expreſſed in theſe terms: “ You being The proceſfion is thus continued in great ſtate
e choſen to be one of the honourable company through the courts of the caſtle into St. George's
6 of this noble order of the Garter, ſhall pro The knights then reſt themſelves in the
« miſe and ſwear by the Holy Evangelíts by royal apartments, while a ſumptuous banquet, if
“ you here touched, that wittingly you ſhall not the ſovereign be preſent, is ſerved up in this mag-
" break any ſtatute of the ſaid order, or any ar nificent room, or, in the king's abſence, in the
“ ticles in them contained, the ſame being agree great guard chamber next adjoining, into which
es able, and not repugnant to the laws of Al the knights are introduced, and dine with great
31“ mighty God, and the laws of this realm, as ftate in the habits of the order, the officers and
1. “ far forth as to you belongeth and appercaineth : muſic attending.
" ſo help you God, and his holy word.”
At the ſecond courſe, Garter, with the officers
After the oath is taken the commiſſioners in at arms, proceeds from the lower end of the
veſt che knight with the mantle of the order, room to the place where the new inſtalled knights
during which the regiſter reads the admonition, are ſeated, but inſtantly ſtand up uncovered while
56 Receive this robe, &c.” Garter then preſents Garter proclaims the ſtile and title of each knight,
. Lo che commiſſioners the hood, and they put it either in Engliſh or French; and then all the of-
ficers
hall.is

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
663
water.
ficers of arms crying Largeffe, make their obei are of looking-glaſs, which has a pretty effect,
fances, and retire.
and the room is alſo adorned with a curious glaſs
The day is concluded with a ball for the ladies chandelier. The right hand room forms a kitchen;
in the royal apartments.
and the left is a ſmall room hung with white
Having thus deſcribed the town of Windſor, ſatein, painted, in which is a fettee of the fame.
the little park and caſtle, and given ſome account Here a curious bracket, which ſupports a table
of the order of the knights of the garter, we are againſt the window, forms a ſpreading tree; with
naturally led to mention the great park, which is birds, beneath which ſit on a branch, a Chineſe
fourteen miles in circumference, and is well ſtock man and woman; and over the chimney is a fine
ed with deer and other game. This park lies on ſet of china. This piece of water is a great or-
the fouth ſide of the town, and opens by a very nament to the park, it being ſo large, that with
noble road, the ſides of which are planted with its ſeveral branches, it meaſures five miles round.
trees to the ſummit of a delightful hill, at near It terminates in another ſmall bridge, and a large
three miles diſtance, leading to the Ranger's caſcade, at the head of which is a grotto.
lodge, the reſidence of his late royal highneſs In the neighbourhood of Windſor are many
the duke of Cumberland, who greatly improved very clegant buildings belonging to the nobility
che natural beauties of this delightful park, by and gentry; two of which being frequently via
large plantations of trees, extenſive lawns, and fited for their curious contents, we ſhall here de-
ſpacious canals, which has rendered this villa an fcribe. The firſt of theſe is the agreeable ſeat
habitation worchy of a prince.
and gardens of the honourable Janies Bateman,
The two firſt rooms of this lodge are neatly eſq; fituate on the banks of the river.
hung with plain paper, ornamented with prints, In the hall, which is hung with a large collec-
among which are views of the improvements tion of foreign prints, is a curious Chineſe lant-
made by his royal highneſs in the park.
horn; and over the chimney are ſwords, daggers
Over the chimney-piece in the dining-room is and lances, brought from China. Adjoining to
his royal highneſſes collection of breeding mares; the hall is a ſmall library in the Chineſe taſte,
and there is here a curious table of petrified which, by means of glaſſes, gives a double re-
Aection.
In the paſſage is the croſſing of the Rhine,
On the ſtair-caſe are the arms of the barons
Marlhal Saxe, three curious fancy peices, by who ſigned Magna Charta. And the window is
Hoare, a fine drawing of St. Paul's, Cleopatra, | painted with ſeveral hiſtory pieces from the Old
Rubens's family, &c.
Teſtament; as the building of Noah's Ark,
In a room called the black hall is the genealo &c. with the effigies of all the prophets and
gy of the Brunſwick family, a peice of feather- || apoſtles.
work flowers, four views of Gibraltar, Windſor In the parlour is a large handſome jar, ſaid to
caſtle in ſtraw-work, and his late majeſty in have been brought from Rome, and that it boaſts
needle-work.
an antiquity of three hundred years before the
In the dreſſing-room are two pagodas under
birth of Chriſt. Here is likewiſe a curious India
glaſſes, ſeveral curious pieces of his highneffes
bird cage and fireſcreen ; and over the chimney
turning, and fix different views of Cranbourn is a repreſentation of two Egyptian mummies.
lodge and park.
The pictures in this room are, Louis le Grand-
In the bed chamber is the portrait of James,
Louis Quinze---Beliſarius-Our Saviour and his
late earl of Waldegrave, four views of the lodge, diſciples at Emmaus---Cardinal Fleury, &c.
and the battle of Culloden. The bed is of In the drawing-room is another jar of the
green damaſk and gold.
ſame nature with the former, and brought from
The Belvidere on Shrubs hill; is å triangular || the ſame place. The glaſſes and cabinets are very
building, that has a tower at each corner, one of
curious; the chairs are flowers in needlework.
which is a ſtair-caſe, the other a library; and the Here are curious ſilver flowers under glaſſes, and a
third a china cloſet. The middle room is richly ſet of tea equipage in gold, compleat. The other
gilt, and adorned with a beautiful chandelier of || remarkables in this room are, a cock curiouſly cut
Chelſea porcelain. It is encompaſſed by a fine in paper--A large medal of Leda and the fwan-
plantation of trees, that forms a moſt delightful
Ditto of Clemens IX.-And ſeveral ſmaller me-
rural ſcene. The noble piece of water in the
dals-The Holy Virgin-Hendrick.
valley underneath, was formed at a great expence,
The dreſſing-room is very elegantly furniſhed,
and from a ſmall ſtream or current, is rendered
the windows are ſo contrived as to ſhew the com:
capable of carrying barges and boats of pleaſure. pany on their heads. In this room, among feve-
royal hignefs cauſed a ral , a
figure, on , on
and on a bold and noble plan, it conſiſting of
is this infcription : “ Found at Bath, in a ſtone
one ſingle arch, one hundred and ſixty. five feet “ coffin with bones, in digging a foundation."
wide in the clear, which is five feet wider than In che corner of this room is a Roman chapel ini
the boaſted Rialto at Venice.
miniature, in which is the hiſtory of Our Saviour's
Near this bridge is what is called the Chineſe life carved in ivory. Here is a curious ſhrine ; a
Iland, near Mill-gate, where there is another piece of the croſs ; a bone of St. Patrick, &c.
bridge of a curious conſtruction, it having arches &c. The holy veſſels are all of pure gold, richly
three ways. The building is elegant and ſtriking. chaſed. Here are alſo feveral curious crucifixes
The middle room is of ſcarlet and green, richly both of ſilver and gold. The Holy Virgin in
ornamented with gold. The pannels of the doors folid ſilver. All the figures, utenſils, &c. are
56
8 E
richly
bridge to be erected of moſt curious architecturethe foreign medals, carved in box, is a ſmall
braſs
39

662
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON. .
10
richly ſet with precious ſtones ; and the chapel an ancient caſt iron figure of Brien Boiroimbe
itſelf beautifully carved and gilt.
beneath, is this inſcripcion in gold characters
In the monk rcoms, are two curious antique
beds, and the rooms are hung with the pictures
of ſeveral mionks. In one room is a large antique « The moſt renowned Brien Boiroimbe, go.
metal baſon; in the other, a delf-diſh full of « verned the ine in peace: through his reign the
ſerpents, ſnakes, &c.
“ Iriſh were a brave wealthy people, and wars
Over the chininey, in Mr. Bateman's bed 66 and diſcord ceafed,"
chamber, are the twelve apoſtles (Judas except-
ed;) a fet of Chineſe pictures, repreſenting the On the right is a painting, repreſenting Brien
breeding of filk worms; a neat cabinet; two Boiroimbe mortally wounded in his tent, with
Dutch figures and a ſmall library. By the ſide | Donough, his ſon, commander of the army. And
of the bed is a ſmall ivory crucifix, of a differ on the left is a painting, repreſenting the biſhop
ene mark from any other in the houſe.
of Inis Cathy, chaplain to Brien Boiroimbe, ad
The beſt bedchamber is very handſomely fur miniſtering to him the laſt ſacraments.
niſhed, and contains a beautiful inlaid pearl croſs, Adjoining is a view of the abbey of Swords,
a fine hell urn, a curious cabinet, and a large with this inſcription :
gilt ftatue of Saturn devouring a young child.
3D spini
On a Nab in the wrought room flands a large “ The great iriſh monarch, Brien Boiroimbe,
inlaid pearl croſs; and over the chimney are four " commanded in twenty-nine battles againſt the
very curious antique figures.
Danes, and in all of them was victorious. The
In the garden, under the piazzas, or cloiſters, “ reputation he had acquired in the field of bac-
hangs a large collection of paintings, from Wil “ tle was to be equalled by few in any age, to
liam the Conqueror, to king James--Carduca be excelled by none. He commanded in
mus, bihop of Bangor--Several ſcripture pieces “ more battles than Julius Cæſar, and diftinguiſh-
A genealogical piece--The fanious blackſmith " ed himſelf in all of them with an amazing in-
of Antwerp's wife-Sir Thomas More--and ſe trepidity. It may be faid of him, that he was
veral of our celebrated painters and poets.
a prodigy of goodneſs, underſtanding and
The dining-room is ſituate in the garden, and “greatnefs. To conſider his piety, it would feem
is an octagon building. Here is a neat chandalier, " that he had ſpent all his life in a cloiſter; to
and a curious ftove grate and furniture. Over “ examine the productions of his genius, thoſe
the doer is the picture of lord Bateman; and on " that have read his works would be inclined to
the outſide is carved Jacob's ladder, and the de believe, that his whole time had been occu-
ſcent of Chriſt. Over the chimney are the pic pied in learning and the ſciences; to view him
tures of Lady Harvey-Lord Ilchefter. Lord “ as a general and monarch, he appears to have
Foley--Lord Holland.
66 ftudied nothing but the art of war and politics,
In che china cloſet is a large and valuable col " the conqueſt of his enemies, and the eaſe and
lection of china, both ornamental and uſeful, in proſperity of his ſubjects.".
the Chineſe taſte. Likewiſe a curious china
La 23a
lanthorn.
Underneath is the funeral proceſſion to the
Adjoining to this cloſet is an ancient tomb of abbey of Swords, with this inſcription :
Carducanus, biſhop of Bangor: over which is
the following inſcription:
" The moſt renowned Brien Boiroimbe was
" Thys ys the true effygie of Carducamus by “ flain 1034 years after the birth of Chriſt.”.919
ſhop of Bangor deſcended of an auntient bry-
5:51
" tyſh ſtocke. A prelate of fyngular piecye and Directly oppoſite to this is a painting, repre-
rare lernyng in all ſcyences eſpecyally in Theolo ſenting the ruin of the chapel and great gate of
gie who contemplating the vanyty of worldlye | Swords, on which are the following words : id
greetneſſe and che weight of the paſtoral care re-
tygn’d his byſhopryche by pyrmyfyon of pope
alorier
Gregory IX. and became an humble monk in
• The inſtitutes of Brien Boiroimbe, fo whole-
" the abbey of Door dedycaring hys whole ſub “s ſome for the ſupport of virtue, were kept with
“ ſtance to Godde and hymſelf to divine con s6 fo much reverence and regard, that a young la .
" templatyons leaveing behynd hym a precyous “ dy of conſummate beauty, adorned with jewels
" work a buke of Homilys entytled a looking " and a ring of gold, travelled alone on foot,
glaſs for Chryftens he dyed at Door in the Ides c from north to ſouth, and no attempt was made
upon her honour, or to divest her of the
« DCCXLI."
.
« cloachs ſhe wore.” sua cu blad & na boa
Unsuri ono u slona. 20
On an altar lies the book called the looking Underneath is a painting of the battle of Clu.
glaſs for chriſtians. Here is a fine human ſkull antarf, with this inſcription :
and bones in a glaſs caſe; a croſier, mitre, &c.
Vi send
And here is the pitcher in which it is ſaid Rachael
gib9 'LINI ire 5oebt
gave water to Jacob.
" In the moſt dreadful battle of Cluantarf, was
Farcher on in the garden is a building, called < ſlain the valiant monarch of the iſland, after a
Brien's care; in a niche in the back chereof, is “ life of eighty-eight years. 2001 - iblitetta
tulog w Lw Towards
65
" of April.
CC

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON
663
lines :
66
Towards the end of the garden is the effigy of In the gallery is a head of Our Saviour, the Al-
a favourite ſpaniel, lying on a cuſhion upon a cenſion, the Wiſe Men's offering, and the Virgin
pedeſtal; on the front of which are the following | Mary, on agate ; Oliver Cromwell, lord Digby,
&c. and three pieces of birds, by Bogdeni.
In the public dining room are three views of
The female who within this tomb is laid, Venice, and a view of the inſide of the fantheon
Departed hence, nor widow, wife nor maid. at Rome.
Titles ſhe boafted not, nor gentle kin ;
The
great ſtair-caſe is painted with ftories from
But ſenſe and beauty; and her name was Pinne. Ovid.
Obſcure, ſhe liv'd an eaſy chearful life,
The great drawing room is hung with tapeſtry,
Refus’d no friendſhip, and provok'd no ſtrife the ſubject of which is the hiſtory of king Ne-
With thofe ſhe lik'd not, now-and-then too loud, buchadnezzar, and Joſeph interpreting Pharaoh's
And ev’n with thoſe ſhe did, too often proud.dw dreams. Over the chimney is the picture of
No Chriſtian fhe, Mahometan or Jew,
king William, and over the doors are Mrs. Loftusz
But to the god of Epicurus true;
with Muſtapha and Charles Wiſe, two Turkiſh
For ſhe ne'er bore a pain ſhe could avoid;
children taken priſoners by the firſt duke of St.
And ev'ry pleaſure ſhe could ſeize enjoy'd. g Albansę at the battle of Belgrade. When they
By no law, rule, or principle e'er ſway'd, arrived at years of diſcretion his grace gave them
But what her appetite or paſſions made.de the choice of returning home or ftaying there ;
She drank when thirſty, ear when hunger movºd, on which Muftapha returned, and the other, who
Reſted when weary, and when tender lov'd, was baptized by the name of Charles Wiſe, died
She to no tyrant, own'd herſelf a flave,
a poor knight of Windſor.
But to her friend her willing ſervice gave;
In the dining room is a large collection of
And tho’ four legs this female had, 'tis true, prints, and a curious clock, that goes a year
I know of few ſo good that have but two. without winding up, and ſhews the name of the
month and the day of the week. On the face of
On the eaſt ſide of Windſor is the large and the clock is this inſcription : “ The long hand is
elegant ſeat of the duke of St. Alban's.
The
365 days in going round, and points to the
gardens extend to the park, and the paintings in “ days of the month; the ſhort hand, with the
the houſe are exceeding curious. The marble “ figure of the ſun, ſhews how many minutes
hall is adorned with fruit pieces, by Bogdeni, and (computed from the cypher, under 69) a true
feveral other capital painters.
co fundial is faſter or power than this clock, the
In the breakfaſt room is a curious clock pre «s fun daily varying from equal time.”
ſented to the duke of St. Albans by kirg Charles In the bedchamber, the bed is of crimſon da.
II. It is fixed on the head of an Ethiopian, who maſk, and the room is adorned with curious India
holds a bow in his hand, and by his ſide is a japan, with a cabinet inlaid with pearl.
quiver of arrows. The face of the clock repre-
In the flower-room is a curious India cabinet.
ſents a landſcape, with a fountain ; and in the ſky Here are likewiſe eight flower pieces by Baptift,
are placed three figures, to denote the quarters which coſt a hundred guineas each.
of the hour; and under, in a hole, is the hour The chimney-piece in the dreſſing room is
figure. This was deſigned for a night clock. carved round by Gibbons; and over it is the
Over the doors of this room are the pictures of duke of St. Albans in armour, by Sir Godfrey
lady Mary Vere, and Quinſtin, the blackſmith Kneller. Over the door are the pictures of James
of Antwerp, with his wife and child, by Rubens. lord Beauclerk, and Diana Vere, dutcheſs of St.
The other paintings are, Sc. Evremond, by Sir Albans, by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Godfrey Kneller-Mr. Francis Villiers--A con The paintings in the waiting room are, Henry
templation piece-Henrietta Maria, wife to. Frederick, prince of Wales, the eldeſt ſon to
Charles I. by Vandyke-Noah's ark, by Baſſan king James I.-George Fitzroy, duke of Nora
Hortence Mancini, dutcheſs of Mazarine-Mef thumberland–The queen of Lewis XIV, with
ſalini-King Charles I.
his picture in her hand.
The duke's dreſſing room is adorned with the In the billiard-room, over the two doors, are
following pictures : The entrance into Rome, and the pictures of Henry Fitzroy, duke of Grafton
the caſtle of St. Angelo, both by Candeleto- -- John Wilmor, earl of Rocheiter--James Scor;
Portrait of the dutcheſs of Mazarine, by Sir duke of Monmouth--John Sheffield, earl Mul-
Godfrey Kneller--A curious piece of ſtill life grave, afterwards duke of Buckingham--Tho-
by Candeletom-Several Dutch pieces and ſhip mas Butler, earl of Offery-Henry Jermin, earl
ping.
of St. Albans--Charles Stewart, duke of Rich-
Over the doors belonging to her grace's dreſ mond and Lenox--Aubrey de Vere, earl of Ox-
fing room, are the pictures of Mary counteſs of ford---George Villiers, duke of Buckingham-
Exeter, daughter to Milway dutcheſs of Nor James Stewart, duke of York-Prince Rupert
thumberland, by Sir Peter Lely--Lady Diana William Henry Naſſau, prince of Orange-The
Lady Mary Vere-Mrs. Elinor Gwin.
laſt eleven are in the full robes of the garter--Dr.
The duke and dutcheſs's bedchamber is hung Gregory Haſcard, dean of Windſor, in his man-
with tapeſtry made in Spital-fields by Chabanex, cle-Henrietta Churchill, dutcheſs of Marlbo-
and repreſents the hay harveſt and a Dutch wake. | rough, and wife to Francis, earl of Godolphin-
The bed is of yellow damalk, and the paintings Charles II. in his robes of the garter-Jane Shore
are, four flower pieces, by young Baptift. Sed and fair Rofamond.
Over

664
HIST o R r and SURVEY of LONDON.
Over the two chimney pieces are the pi&tures | buildings, we preſume a deſcription of them in this
of Charles I.-Charles prince of Wales---Henry place will not be either improper or unentertaining to
Maria-James duke of York.
the reader]
Adjoining to Windſor is the village of Tap-
low, where the fineneſs of the ſituation has cauf-
CAMBRIDGE.
ed many gentlemen of fortune to fix their refi-
bir
dence. The roanor-houſe on the ſummit of the The town of Cambridge is ſituated on the river
hill is an ancient noble ſtructure that enjoys a Cam, which divides it into two parts that are
delightful proſpect over the country and the river again joined by a ſtone bridge. It is fifty-two
Thames, which runs underneath. This houſe miles diſtant from London, and though dirty and
lately belonged to the right honourable the earl ill built, yet it has fourteen parish churches.
of Inchiquin, who reſided here during the life of There is a public conduit in the market-place
his late royal highneſs Frederick prince of Wales, which was built by Hobſon the carrier, who in
his majeſty's father; but on the deceaſe of that the cime of James I. acquired a very conſiderable
prince, his lordthip removed to Cliefdon in the eſtate. A new building, called the Shire-houſe,
neighbourhood.
was lately erected contiguous to the old cown-hall,
Cliefdon-houſe was erected by George Villiers, at the expence of the county.
duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Charles In this town there are two charity ſchools, in
II. and came by marriage to the lace earl of Ork which three hundred children are taught and fifty
ney, who made feveral conſiderable improvements cloathed. Theſe ſchools are ſupported by a ſub-
in the houſe and gardens, which were alſo im- | {cription of two hundred and thirty pounds per
proved and enlarged by the late prince of Wales ; annum, an eſtate of chirty pounds a year, which
ſo that wherever the eye is turned, the fight is was left them for ever by William Wartes, and by
ftruck with agreeable avenues, porterras, and money at the ſacrament in ſome of the college
beauciful lawns, with an extenſive view of the chapels, which has been appropriated for that
Thames, and the fine well cultivated country on purpoſe.
its banks.
This town is governed by a mayor, high ſtew-
The houſe is a ſtately edifice, and the rooms ard, recorder, thirteen aldermen, a common-
ſpacious and noble. On the front of the houſe is council of twenty-four, a town clerk and other
raiſed a noble terrace, ſaid to be higher even than officers.
that of Windſor caftle; however, it is certain, DEThe univerſity of Cambridge conſiſts of ſix-
that the proſpect from thence is no leſs beautiful teen colleges, four of which are diſtinguiſhed by
and extenſive. The rooms are noble and ſpa the name of halls, though the privileges of both
cious; and the grand chamber is adorned with are in every reſpect the fame. It is a corporation,
tapeſtry hangings, repreſenting the battles of the conſiſting of about fifteen hundred perſons, and
great duke of Marlborough, finely expreſſed, by is governed by a chancellor, a high ſteward, (wo
order of the late earl of Orkney.
proctors, and iwo taxers; all of whom are choſen
soort
by the univerfity.
W O KIN GUllos de
The chancellor is always a peer of the realm,
* 1000 DA
Vaato su
and generally continues in his office for life, by
This town is ſituate on the river Wey, twenty the tacie conſent of the univerſity, though a new
miles from London, in the county of Surry. A choice may be made every three years. As the
near market houſe was builc here in the year 1665, chancellor is a perſon of fuch high rank, it is not
at the charge of James Zouch, eſq. Its firft fair, expected or intended that he ſhould execute che
which is but a ſmall one, was proeured by Ed office but he has not the power of appointing
mond, duke of Somerſet, from Henry VI. the his fubſtitute: a vice chancellor is choſen annually
ocher from king Charles II. by Mr. Zouch. "Tis on the third of November, by the univerſity ; he
a private country town, out of any great road, is always the head of fome college, the heads of
ſo that it is little heard of; but there are the re each college returning two of their body, of which
mains of the walls of a royal houſe, which was the univerſity elects one. The high ſteward is
the reſidence of a branch of the family of Plan choſen by the fenate, and holds his place by pa-
tagener, viz. the old counteſs of Richmond, mo tent from the univerſity. The proctors and tax-
ther co Henry VII. In the church-yard here it has ers are alſo choſen every year, from the ſeveral col.
been remarked, that ſo long as there is any thing || leges and halls by turns.
left of a corpſe, beſides bones, a kind of plant | The public ſchools, of which there is one to
grows from it, about the thickneſs of a bull ruſh, every college, are in a building of brick and
with a top like the head of aſparagus, which rough ſtone, erected on the four ſides of a qua-
comes near the ſurface, but never above it. The drangular court. Every college has alſo its par-
outſide is black, but the inſide red, and, when ticular library, in which, except that of King's.
the corpſe is quite conſumed, the plant dies away. college, the ſcholars are not obliged to ſtudy, as
But the ſame obſervacion has been made in other in the libraries at Oxford, but may borrow the
church-yards where che ſoil is a light red ſand, as books, and ſtudy in their chambers. Beſides the
it is in this.
particular libraries of the ſeveral colleges, there
is the univerſity library, which contains the col-
[Though the two following places are not within lections of the archbiſhops, Parker, Grindal,
the compafs of this chapter, yet as they are remark and Pancroft; and of doctor Thomas Moore,
able in themſelves, and contain many very ſuperb || bilhop of Ely; conſiſting of thirty thouſand vo-
lumes,

HISTORY and SURVEY of L O N DO N. 665
lumes, which was purchaſed for ſeven thouſand with queen Elizabeth, wife to Edward IV. that
pounds, and preſented to the univerſity by his ſhe perfected the work her profeſſed enemy had
late majeſty king George I.
begun. The reverend Mr. Ferdinando Smithes,
Each college has alſo its particular chapel, ſenior fellow of Queen's College, who died in
where the maſters, fellows, and ſcholars, meet November 1725, gave fifteen hundred pounds to
every morning and evening, for the public wor the ſame, to be appropriated to the uſe of three
fhip of God; though on Sundays and Holidays, | barchelors of art, cill the time of their taking
when there is a ſermon, they attend at St. Mary's || their maſter's degree. This is one of the plea-
church.
ſanteſt colleges in the univerſity ; it has the moſt
The names of the colleges, with their reſpec- convenient lodgings, delightful gardens, orchards;
tivee deſcripcions, are as follow:
and walks; and was the reſidence of the cele-
brated Eraſmus of Rotterdam, who choſe this
1. King's College. This was founded in the college for his laſt retreat. It maintains a maſter;
year 1451 by Henry VII. It was at firſt but ſmall, nineteen fellows, and forty-four ſcholars:
being builc by that prince, for a rector, and 3. Chriſt's College. This was founded by the
twelve ſcholars only. Near it was a little hoſtel | Lady Margaret, counteſs of Richmond, mother
for grammarians, built by William Bingham, to Henry VII. in the year 1506, upon the ſame
which was granted by the founder to king Henry, | ſpot of ground where God's houſe formerly ſtood:
for the enlargement of his college : whereupon She ſettled there a maſter and twelve fellows, &c.
he united theſe two; and having enlarged them, which number, in the time of king Edward VI.
by uniting the church of St. John Zachary, || being complained of, as favouring of ſuperſtition,
founded a college for a provoſt, ſeventy fellows | by alluding to Our Saviour and his twelve diſci-
and ſcholars, and three chaplains. The chapel ples; that prince added a thirteenth fellowſhip,
belonging to this college is deſervedly eſteemed and increaſed the number of Scholars. This col-
one of the fineſt buildings of its kind in the world: - lege has been, within theſe few years paſt, adorn-
it is three hundred and four feet long, ſeventy ed with an elegant new building; and now
three broad, and ninety-four feet high on the maintains a maſter, fifteen fellows, and fifty
outſide; yet it is ſupported wholly by the fym- || ſcholars.
metry of its parts, having no pillar within to 4. St. John's College. This was alſo by the
ſuſtain the roof, which, as well as the ſides, is of above counteſs, about the year 1560, upon the
free-ſtone. It has twelve large windows on each | fame ſpot where Nighel, or Neal, ſecond biſhop
ſide, finely painted; and the choir is adorned of Ely, in the year 1134, founded an hoſpital
with excellent carving. It conſticutes one ſide of for canons regular, which, by Hugh de Balſham,
a large ſquare ; for the royal founder deſigned was converted into a priory dedicated to St. John,
that the college ſhould be quadrangle, all of and by the executors of the ſaid counteſs, into a
equal beauty ; but the civil wars, in which he college, under the name of the ſame ſaint; but ſhe
was fo involved with the houſe of York, pre- || dying before it was finiſhed, the work was re-
vented his accompliſhing this noble delgn. What tarded for ſome time: it was, however, carried on
has been added to this college within theſe few by her executors ; and in the beginning of the
years paſt, is a great ornament to it. This new reign of king James I. was greatly enlarged.
building, which is of ſtone, runs from the weſt The building at preſent conſiſts of three ſpacious
end of the chapel, a little detached from it, to courts: it has a noble library, which has, of late
the ſouthward; forms another ſide of the ſquare, years, been greatly augmented by the acceſſion
and contains ſpacious chambers and apartments,
of that of doctor Gunning, late biſhop of Ely,
being two hundred and thirty-ſix feet in length, who bequeathed the fame to it. This college,
and forty-ſix in breadth. The new ſenate hall which is pleaſantly ſituated by the river, is no
makes the angle parallel to the chapel. This lefs remarkable for its beautiful groves and gar-
college has a maſter, fifty fellows, and cwenty dens, than for the number of its ſtudents, and
fcholars.
the ſtrict and regular diſcipline of them. There
In digging the foundation of the new build. are at preſent a maſter, fifty four fellows and one
ings of this college, the workmen found a great hundred ſcholars.
number of broad pieces of gold, of the coin of 5. Peter-Houſe. This is a large quadrangular
king Henry V. exceeding fair. As ſoon as it || building, well contrived, and adorned with por-
was known, the college obtained a conſiderable ticos. It has a maſter, twenty-two fellows, and
number of them, which they made preſents of forty-two ſcholars; and was founded by Hugh Bal-
to their particular factors, and divided among ſham, biſhop of Ely, anno 1257, when only prior
themſelves and the fellows of the college ; but of Ely. The ſcholars at firſt had no other con-
it was ſuppoſed that many of them was ſecreted veniences chan chambers, which exempted them
by the labourers; for this coin which before was from the high rates impoſed on them by the
very ſcarce, could afterwards be obtained with townſmen for lodgings. The endowment was
the greateſt eaſe.
ſettled by the ſame Hugh, when biſhop, anno
2. Queen's College. This was founded by queen | 1248, for a maſter and fourteen fellows; which
Margaret of Anjou, wife to king Henry VI. in number might be increaſed or diminiſhed accord-
the year 1448; but the troubleſome times which || ing to the improvement or diminution of their
followed prevented her compleating this fabric.
The firſt maſter of it, Andrew Ducket, procured 6. Pembroke Hall. This was founded in
great ſums of money from different perſons to che
year 1347, by the lady Mary St. Paul,
wards finiſhing this work; and ſo far prevailed ) counteſs of Pembroke, third wife to Au-
57
8 F
domare
revenues.

666
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
domare de Valentia, earl of Pembroke, who hav wich. it was built upon a place which once be-
ing been unhappily fain at a tilting on his wed longed to the monks of Ely, and was a houſe for
ding day, ſhe entirely fequeſtered herſelf from all ftudents before the time of biſhop Bateman, who,
worldly enjoyments, and, amongſt other pious by exchange for the advowſon of certain rectories,
acts, built this college, which has been fince much got it into his own poffeffion. He was a great
augmented by the benefactions of others. It has maſter of civil and canon law; whereupon the
a maſter, five fellows, and thirteen ſcholars. maſter, two fellows, and three ſcholars, the num-
7. Clare Hall was founded in the year 1340,
ber appointed by him at the firſt foundation, were
by Richard Badow, chancellor of the univerſity, | obliged to follow thoſe two ftudies. It has been
with the aſſiſtance of the lady Elizabeth Clare, fince much augmented by benefactors, and the
counteſs of Ulſter. He had before built an houſe number of its members are proportionably in-
called Univerſity Hall, wherein the ſcholars lived,
creaſed.
at their own expence, for ſixteen years, till it was The building of this hall is but irregular, yet
accidentally deſtroyed by fire. The founder it has convenient lodgings for the maſter and fel-
finding the charge of rebuilding would exceed lows, and pleafant gardens, incloſed by walls of
his abilities, fought the kind affiftance of the brick; and maintains twelve fellows, and fourteen
aforoſaid lady, through whofe liberality it was not
ſcholars.
only rebuilt, but endowed.
12. Corpus Chriſti, or Benedict College. This
This hall has been lately new built, and is now was founded by the ſociety of friars in Corpus
one of the neateſt and moſt uniform ſtructures in Chriſti, in the year 1346. This aroſe out of two
the univerſity: it is a ſquare of building three guilds or fraternities, one of Corpus Chriſti, and
ſtories high ; the materials are free-ftone, and the other of the Bleſſed Virgin; which, after a
the work is Doric: it reaches quite to the banks long emulation being united into one body, by
of the river Cam, which runs through the gar a joint intereſt built this college, which took
den; and the court is entered by a lofty gate its name from the adjoining church of St. Bene-
houſe, adorned with two rows of pillars. There dict. Their greateſt modern benefactor was doc-
is another building contiguous to the college, the tor Matthew Parker, once maſter of the college,
upper ſtory of which is the library, and the lower and afterwards archbiſhop of Canterbury, who
the chapel. To this college belongs a meadow by his prudent management, recovered ſeveral
on the ocher ſide of the river, which communi rights of the college ; and, beſides two fellow-
cates with it by a bridge. It has a maſter, eigh- || ſhips, and five fcholarſhips, gave a great number
teen fellows, and fixty-three ſcholars.
of excellent MSS. to their library, which were
8. Jeſus College. This was founded in the year moſtly collected out of the remains of the old
1499, by John Alcocke, biſhop of Ely, out of abbey libraries, colleges, and cathedrals, and
an old nunnery dedicated to St. Radegund, given chiefly relate to the hiſtory of England.
him by king Henry VII. and pope Julius II. It is a long ſquare of buildings, containing
on account of the ſcandalous incontinence of the two courts, and two rows of lodgings. It has
nuns, in order to be by him converted to this a chapel and library under the fame roof; and
uſe: and this prelate eſtabliſhed in it a maſter, maintains a maſter twelve fellows, and forty
ſix fellows, and fix ſcholars ; but their numbers ſcholars.
have ſince been greatly increaſed by conſiderable 13. Emanuel College was founded in the year
benefactions. It maintains at preſent a maſter, 1584, the 26th of Elizabeth, by Sir William
fixteen fellows, and thirty-one ſcholars.
Mildmay, who was chancellor and treafurer of
9. Catharine Hall. This was founded in the the exchequer to that princeſs; where there had
year 1459, by Robert Woodlark, third provoſt been formerly a convent of dominicans, in-
of King's College; and the hall was builc over ftituted in the year 1280, and the ſixth of Ed-
againſt the Carmelites houſe, for one maſter and ward I. by Alice, then counteſs of Oxford.
three fellows. The numbers have been ſince This college he dedicated to Emanuel, and placed
greatly increaſed, as well as the revenues; for it in it a maſter, three fellows, and four ſcholars.
at preſent maintains a maſter, fix fellows, and Here is a very neat chapel, built chiefly by the
thirty-ſix ſcholars. A great part of it has been bounty of doctor William Sancroft, archbiſhop
lately new built, and may now be ſaid to be a of Canterbury, who left to the library, at his
beautiful and regular fabric.
deceaſe, a very valuable collection of books.
10. Gonvil and Caius College. In the year 1348 This college maintains a maſter, fourteen fellows,
Edmund Gonvil founded an hall, called after his and fixty ſcholars.
name, upon the place where are now the orchard 14. Trinity College. This was founded in the
and tennis-court of Bennet College ; but within year 1546, by king Henry VIII, who converted
five years after it was removed into the place three ancient halls, called St. Michael's, King's,
where it now ſtands, by biſhop Bateman, foun and Phyſwick's halls, into this ſtately college,
der of Trinity-hall. In the year 1607 John Caius,
, which he dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and en-
doctor of phyſic, improved this hall into a new dowed it for the maintenance of a provoſt, fixty
college, fince chiefly called by his name; and it fellows, forty ſcholars, and ten almoner orators ;
has, of late years, received confiderable embel- | reſerving to himſelf and his ſucceſfors the righc
liſhments. It has twenty-ſix fellows, and ſeventy of appointing the warden.
four ſcholars.
The college, or houſe of St. Michael the Arch-
II. Trinity Hall. This was founded about the angel, was founded in 1324, by Henry or Hervy
year 1353. by William Bateman, biſhop of Nor Stanton, canon of St. Peter's at York, and
chancellor

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
667
chancellor of the exchequer to king Edward II. of the river, ſeparated from all the reft; and
This place was in all reſpects a college, and the now maintains a maſter, thirteen fellows and thir.
fellows of it took their degrees in the public
teen ſcholars.
ſchools of this univerſity.
16. Sidney Suſſex College. This was founded in
King's hall was completed and endowed by the year 1589, the thirty-firſt of Elizabeth, pure
Edward III. in the year 1376, and the fiftieth ſuant to the will of the lady Frances Sidney,
year of his reign; and the fellows of this hall
counteſs of Suſſex, who bequached five thouſand
alſo took their degrees in the univerſity, as fel pounds for the building and endowing this college,
lows of a college.
for the maintenance of a maſter, ten fellows, and
Phyſwick Hoſtel, or Hall was the dwelling [wenty ſcholars, to be called by the name it now
houſe of William Phyſwick, efq; beadle of the bears.
univerſity, who, in the year 1393, gave it to In conſequence of this will, a college was ſoon
Gonvil-hall, and converted it into a little college, after built by the counteſs's executors, upon the
to receive ſuch ſcholars belonging to Gonvil- | ſpot where a monaſtery of Franciſcans, commonly
hall, as that houſe could not conveniently con called Grey-friars, built by king Edward I. had
tain.
formerly flouriſhed; but the generous gift of this
The above halls being formed into a college, || lady was inſufficient to fulfil her good intentions:
queen Mary preſented it with a revenue of three the deficiency, however, was ſo far fupplied by
hundred and ſeventy-fix pounds ten ſhillings ; and the liberality of her executors, Henry Grey, earl
in the reign of queen Elizabeth, Nevill, dean of Kent, and John lord Harington, that it in-
of Canterbury, the eighth maſter of this college || mediately received a maſter, eight fellows, and
expended three thouſand pounds in repairing, or twenty fcholars. Sir Francis Clerk was after-
rather rebuilding it, which he did with ſuch mag wards a great benefactor to this college; he not
nificence and ſplendor, that for ſpaciouſneſs, beau only made a conſiderable addition to the build-
ty, and uniformity, it is hardly to be equalled. || ing, but likewiſe augmented the ſcholarſhips, by
It has lately been much improved by the addition || founding four fellowſhips, and eight ſcholarſhips
of a library. This building is of free-ftone, more; and Sir John Brereton left it, by will, two
ſupported by two rows of pillars, and ſaid to be thouſand pounds. It now maintains a maſter,
one of the moſt noble and elegant ſtructures of twelve fellows, and twenty-eight ſcholars.
the kind in the world. This college is rendered There are four hundred and ſix fellows, and ſix
famous on account of ſeveral great men it has hundred and ſixty fcholars, beſides which, there
educated; the moſt illuſtrious of which were, the are two hundred and thirty-ſix inferior officers and
lord Bacon, Sir Iſaac Newton, doctor Barrow, ſervants of various kinds; theſe are all maintain-
Mr. Ray, and doctor Bentley. In this college ed upon the foundation. The whole number of
are maintained three royal profeſſors, fixty fel ſtudents belonging to the univerſity, are not, how-
lows and ninety-one ſcholars.
ever here included: there are two forts of ſtu-
15. Magdalen College was founded in the
year dents, called penſioners, the greater, and the leſs;
1542, by Thomas Audley, lord chancellor of the greater penſioners are in general the young
England, who endowed it with lands belonging || nobility, and are called fellow commoners; be-
to the priory of the Holy Trinity of London, and cauſe, though they are ſcholars, they dine with
called it the college of St. Mary Magdalen. It che fellows: the leſs, called commoners, are
was at firſt only a hall, conſiſting of three houſes; dieted with the ſcholars, but boch live at their
but in the year 1519, the eleventh of Henry VIII. own expence. There are alſo a conſiderable num-
Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham, pur ber of poor fcholars, called Sizars, who wait
chaſed theſe houſes, in which the monks of ſeve upon the fellows, ſcholars, and penſioners of both
ral neighbouring abbies had been uſed to ſtudy ; || ranks, by whom they are in a great degree main-
from whence it was formerly called Monks-hall; tained; but the number of theſe it is impoſible
and converted them to the uſe of the univerſity, to aſcertain, being in a ſtate of perpetual Auctua-
by the name of Buckingham hall. It has been tion.
remarked, that the founder's name is contained in By a ſpecial grant of Henry VI. the univerſity
the word M-audley-n, which is the orthography has the privilege of printing books of every kind
of Magdalen, according to the vulgar pronun at their own preſs.
ciation. A fellowſhip of a conſiderable value Originally the ſchools of this univerſity were
has lately been founded at this college, which is in private houſes, hired from ten years to ten
appropriated to gentlemen of the county of Nor years for that purpoſe, by the univerſity ; in which
folk, and called the Travelling Norfolk Fellow time they might not be put to any other uſe. Af-
fhip. To the library of this college were left a terwards public ſchools were built at thie charge
valuable collection of pamphlets, by
of the univerſity, in or near the place where they
eſq; and likewiſe a great number of papers re now ſtand; but the preſent fabric, as it is now
lating to the navy and admiralty ; and with them built of brick and rough ſtone, was erected partly
he bequeathed the preſſes, which are carefully at the expence of the univerſity, and partly by
preſerved to this day.
the contributions of ſeveral benefactors.
This college was conſiderably enlarged, and The univerſity library was firſt built by Ro-
its revenue encreaſed by Sir Chriſtopher Wrey, || cheram, archbiſhop of York, who, with Tonftal
who was ſome time afterwards lord chief juſtice || biſhop of Durham, furniſhed it with choice
of England. A new building was begun fome books, few whereof are to be found at preſent :
years ago, to be added to this college, but was but it contained, nevertheleſs, about fourteen
never finiſhed. It ſtands on the north weſt fide thouſand books, when his late majeſty king
George
-Pepys,

668
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
George I. was graciouſly pleaſed, in the begin “ ſtate, agreeably to his ſingular loyalty to-
ning of his reign, to purchaſe the large and cu 56 wards his prince, and the particular affec-
rious library of doctor John More, biſhop of « tion wherewich he had favoured the univer-
Ely, who died on the thirtieth of July, 1714;
fity, engaged to have the ſtatue, which was
and, as a mark of his royal favour, to beſtow it
“decreed by che ſenate of Cambridge, made
upon this univerſity.
66 of marble at his own expence."
Great additions and alterations have been lately
made in the library, for the better diſpoſition
CAROLUS filius
of this valuable royal preſent, which con-
Vicecomes TOWNSHEND,
fiſted of upwards of thirty thouſand volumes,
Virturum æque ac honorum
and coſt the king fix thouſand guineas. And
Paternorum hæres,
we cannot but obſerve, in this place, that the
Statuam,
late lord viſcount Townſhend, having under-
Quam pater morte fubita abreptus
ſtood that the univerſity, to fhew their gratitude,
Imperfectam reliquerat,
and do honour to the memory of his late majeſty
Perficiendam,
king George I. intended to erect a ſtatue of that
Atque in hoc ornatiffimo
monarch, was pleaſed to offer to cauſe the ſame
Accademiæ loco collocandam,
to be carved, and ſet up in the ſaid library at his
Curavit.
own expence ; which generous tender was receiv-
ed by the univerſity in the manner it deferved, " Charles the fon, lord viſcount Townſhend, heir
and with circumſtances equally to their own and « alike to the virtues and dignities of his father,
his lordſhip’s honour. And in the month of Oc " cauſed this ſtatue, which his father, ſur-
tober 1739, in purſuance thereof, a fine marble priſed by ſudden death, had left imperfect,
ſtatue of this great frince was accordingly erected to be completed, and erected in this moſt
in the ſenate-hall of King's college : on which 6 honourable place of the univerſity."
are the following inſcriptions, viz.
His majeſty not contented with having given
On the front :
this noble inſtance of his royal bounty to the uni-
verſity of Cambridge, in the year 1724, was
GEORGIO
graciouſly pleaſed to confer another mark of his
Optimo principi,
favour upon them, and which extended to the
Magnæ Britanniæ regi,
univerſity of Oxford; in creating a new eſtabliſh-
Ob inſignia ejus in hanc academiam ment in a moſt uſeful branch of learning, which
Merita,
was much wanted, and for which, till that cime,
Senatus Cantabrigienfis
there had been no proviſion: this was to appoint
In perpetuum
two perſons, not under the degree of maſter of
Grati animi teftimonium
arts, or batchelor of laws, ſkilled in modern hil-
Statuam
tory, and in the knowledge of modern languages
Mortuo ponendam
to be nominated King's Profeſſors of Modern
Decrevit.
Hiſtory, one for the univerſity of Cambridge,
and the other for that of Oxford; who are oblig-
That is,
ed to read lectures in the public ſchools, at par-
ticular times; each of which profeſſors to have a
“ By the ſenate of Cambridge it was decreed, || ftipend of four hundred pounds per annum, oud
66 that a ftatue ſhould be erected to his late of which each profeſſor is obliged to maintain,
6 moſt excellent majeſty George I, king of with ſufficient ſalaries, two perſons at leaſt, well
“ Great Britain, as a perpetual monument of || qualified to teach and inſtruct in writing and
56 their gratitude for his ſignal benefits to this ſpeaking the faid languages, gratis, twenty ſcho-
a univerſity
lars of each univerſity, to be nominated by the
king, each of which is obliged to learn two, at
On the left:
leaſt, of the faid languages.
The ſame beneficent king, was alſo pleaſed to
CAROLUS
appoint twelve perſons, chofen out of each of the
Vicecomes TOWNSHEND,
univerſities, to be preachers in the royal chapel of
Summum tum academiæ, tum
Whitehall, at ſtated times, with handſome fala-
Reipublicæ decus,
ries; and declared, that he would cauſe a parti-
Pro eximia, qua regem coluerat,
cular regard to be had to the members of the two
Pietate, proque fingulari,
univerſities, in the diſpoſitions of thoſe benefices
Qua academiam foverat,
which fell into the royal gift.
Caritate, ftatuam
Within theſe few years paſt there have been fea
A fenatu academico decretam
veral other benefactors to this univerſity, parti-
Sumtibus ſuis e marmore
cularly the two following.
Faciendam locavit.
Doctor John Woodward, who died on the
twenty-fifth of April 1728, left to the univerſity
That is,
of Cambridge a ſum of money for crecting a pro-
fefforſhip for natural philoſophy, with a proviſion
6. Charles lord viſcount Townfhend, a principal of one hundred and fifty pounds per annum for
" ornament both of the univerſity and the the ſupport and maintenance of the fame for ever.
He

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
669
He likewiſe bequeathed to the ſaid univerſity his univerſity in the market place. The round
collection of foſſils, and other natural curioſities; church in this town is thought to have been a ly-
and ſuch a part of his library, moreover, as was nagogue of the Jews, who having been invited
neceſſary to illuſtrate his ſaid collection.
hither by the Conqueror and his ſucceſſors, ſeceled
On the death of Mrs. Addenbroke, (March here, and were very numerous for many genera-
1720) widow of an eminent phyſician of that tions, and inhabited all that part of the town
name, the ſum of about four thouſand pounds
which is now called the Jewry.
devolved to this univerſity ; which, by the doc Cambridge ſends four members to parliament,
tor's will, were to be applied to the building and two for the town, and cwo for the univerſity. It
furniſhing a phyſical hoſpital in Cambridge, in has two weekly markets, on Wedneſday and Sa-
which poor dileafed people were to be admitted turday; and an annual fair on the twenty-fourth
for cure, gratis. The maſter and fellows of Ca of June, for horſes, wood and earthen ware.
tharine-hall were appointed truſtees of this cha-
rity.
O X FOR D.
On the ſouth ſide of the ſenate-houſe, oppoſite
to the ſtatue of George I. is another noble ftatue The city of Oxford is finely ſituated at the con-
of George II. erected by the late duke of New flux of the Thames and Cherwell, fifty-five miles
caſtle, then chancellor of the univerſity. On
from London. Ic ſtands on a riſing ground, the
the front of the pedeſtal is the following in aſcent of which is ſo gradual, as hardly to be
fcription :
perceived, and in the midſt of a moſt beautiful
extent of meadows to the ſouth, eaſt and weſt,
GEORGIO SECUNDO
and of corn fields to the north. The vales on
Patrono fuo, optime merenti,
the eaſt are watered by the rivor Cherwell, and
Semper venerando;
thoſe of the weſt and ſouth by the main ſtream,
Quod volenti populo,
and ſeveral branches of the Iſis. The landſcape
Inftitiffimé humaniffime,
is bounded on every ſide, the north excepred, by
In pace, & in bello.
a range of hills covered with woods. The
Feliciter imperavit;
opening to the north admits a free current of
Quod academiam Cantabrigienfem
freſh air, and entirely removes all the inconve-
Fovit, auxit, ornavit ;
niences which would otherwiſe ariſe from the noxi.
Hanc ftatuam
ous vapours of a watery ſituation. From fome
Æturnum faxit Deus, monumentum,
of the ſurrounding hills, the traveller is ſurprized
Grati animi in regem,
with an unparallelled proſpect of plenty ; of nu-
Pietatis in patriam,
merous ſpires, domes and turrets, wich the co:T-
Amoris in academium,
bined charms verdure, water and trees. The
Suis ſumptibus, poni curavit,
foil is a fine gravel; and on the whole the ſicua-
THOMAS HOLLES
tion is more agreeable than healthy.
Dux de Newcaſtle.
The government of Oxford is veſted in a major,
Academiæ Cancellarius,
a high iteward, a recorder, four aldermen, eight
A.D. M.DCC.LXVI.
affiftants, two bailiffs, a town clerk, two cham-
berlains, all that have ſerved the office of bailiff
Cambridge was a fortified town in the time of and chamberlain, and twenty-four conimon coun-
the Saxons; and being afterwards ſeized by the cil-men. The mayor for the time being officiates
Danes, they kept a garriſon there till the year at the coronation of our kings, in the buttery,
921, when they were driven out by Edward the and receives a large gilt bowl and cover for his
elder. Towards the end of the eleventh century, fee.
William the Conqueror built a caſtle here, which The magiſtracy of this city is ſubject to the
is ſaid to have been a large, ſtrong, and ſtately chancellor or vice chancellor of the univerſity, in
building; ſome traces of it are ſtill to be ſeen, all affairs of moment, even thoſe relating to the
and the gate, which remains entire, is now the city; and the vice-chancellor adminiſters annually
county goal. In the ſucceeding reign of William an oath to the magiſtrates and ſheriffs, that they
Rufus, the town was burnt by Roger de Mont-
.
, re The mayor, and fixty-two of the chief citizens
ceived from the king; but Henry 1, the ſucceſſor alſo pay each one penny every year on the tenth
of Rufus, rebuilt it, and made it a corporation. of February, at the church of St. Mary, in lieu
During the civil contentions, called the Barons of a heavy fine laid on the city in the reign of
Wars, which happened in the twelfth century, it Edward III, when fixty-two of the ſtudents were
was often ravaged by outlaws, who took refuge murdered by the inhabitants.
in the iſe of Ely; but king Henry III. about The private buildings of this city are neat, and
the year 1219, ſecured it againſt cheſe incurſions, the public ones fumptuous. The ſtreets are ſpa-
by a deep trench, which in Camden's time was cious, clean and regular, and well ſupplied
called the King's-ditch; but houſes having been with water by an engine erected on the river
ſince built on both ſides of it, the name was at
Ifis.
length forgotten.
Beſides the cathedral here are fourteen pariſh
In the reign of Richard II. near the end of churches, viz. St. Clement's--St. John's-St.
the fourteenth century, during the inſurrection of Thomas's-Sr. Giles's-Holiwell's---St. Peter's
Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, a rebellious rabble in the Eaſt-St. Mary Magdalen'saw St. Michael's
entered this town, and burnt the records of the --St. Peter's in the Builey---St. Ebb’s--Sc. Al-
57
8 G
date's

670
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
date's, or St Old's-St. Martin's or Carfax-All may perceive the arches filled up, which once
Saints--St. Mary's. Only four of theſe churches ſtood within, and made part of the nave. Near
are worthy of obſervation, viz. St. Mary's, All the altar are the monuments of Sir Thomas Bod-
Saints, St. Peters, and St. John's.
ly, and Sr Henry Saville. On the right hand of
The church of St. Mary, in which the public che choir door is that of the late warden, doctor
ſermons of the univerſity are preached on Sun Wincle, and his ſiſter, which is neatly executed;
days and holidays, is ſituated about the middle of and not far from the north door of the anti-cha-
the north ſide of the High-ſtreet. It was rebuilt pel, is a buft and inſcription to the memory of
in the reign of Henry VII. as it appears at pre Anthony Wood. This church, as we are informed
fent. It conſiſts of three ifles, with a ſpacious by a manuſcript of Wood's, was built about the
choir or chancel, which is ſeparated from the year 1424, but it does not appear by what bene-
nave by an organ, with its gallery, originally || factor.
made by Father Smith, and ſince improved by In the centre of the city is a curious ſtructure,
Mr. John Byfield. The pulpit is placed in the called Carfax conduit, erected by Otho Nicholſon
centre of the middle ille. At the weſt end of the in the reign of James I.
ſame iſle is ſituated the vice-chancellor's throne, The town-hall, ſituated in Fifh-ſtreet is a neat
at the foot of which are ſeated the two proctors. and commodious ſtructure, erected partly at the
The feats which deſcend on either ſide, are ap expence of the late Thomas Rowney, eſq; ſome-
pointed for the doctors and heads of houſes, and cime repreſentative and high ſteward of this city.
thoſe beneath for the young noblemen. The area Here is a ſtone bridge over the Cherwell, called
conſiſts of benches for the maſters of arts. On Magdanel-bridge, fix hundred feet in length, and
the weſt end, with a return to the north and conſiſting of twenty arches. In the weſtern ſum
ſouth, are galleries for the under-graduates and burb is another bridge, called High-bridge, over
batchelors of arts. The tower, with its ſpire, is a branch of the Thames; and near it is another
a noble and beautiful fabric, one hundred and very fine ſtone bridge now building over the ſame
cighty feet in height, and richly ornamented ſtream, for the convenience of a new road now
with pinnacles, niches and ſtatues, which it is ſaid making there. Beſides theſe, there is another
were added by King, the firſt biſhop of Oxford, || bridge over the Thames, at the extremity of
in the reign of Henry VIII. It contains fix re Fish-ſtreet, and called Folly-bridge. It is alſo
markably large bells, by which the proper notice of ſtone, and conſiſts of three principal arches.
is given for ſcholaſtic exerciſes, convocations and On the centre of this bridge is an ancient tower,
congregations. On the ſouth ſide is a portal, of called Friar Bacon's ſtudy, under which is the
more modern ſtructure, erected by doctor Mor road to Abingdon.
gan, chaplain to archbiſhop Laud, in the year Adjoining to the city is an hoſpital, elegantly
1637.
built of hewn ſtone, upon the plan of the county
The church of All Saints, which is likewiſe || hoſpital at Glouceſter. This edifice was erected
ſituated in the High ſtreet, is an elegant modern by the truſtees of doctor Radcliffe's benefaction,
ſtructure, much in the ſtile of many of the new out of the ſurplus money remaining after defray-
churches in London. It is beautified both within ing the expence of his library. The ground was
and without, with Corinthian pilaſters, and finiſh given by Thomas Rowney, eſq; abovementioned.
ed with an attic ſtory and baluſtrade. There is The building was begun in May 1759, and pro-
one pillar in the church which is ſeventy-two feet ſecuted with remarkable expedition. It is now
long, forty-two wide, and fifty in height. The finiſhed, and calculated to hold ſeventy patients.
ceiling, altar, pulpit, &c. are finely executed ; Among the various public buildings which
and the ſteeple is remarkable, in the modern claim our attention in this place (excluſive of the
taſte.
colleges and halls) is one called the New, or
St. Peter in the Eaſt, which ſtands near the Radlivian library, from its founder doctor John
High-ſtreet, was partly built by St. Grymbald | Radcliffe, a phyſician of great eminence, who
eight hundred years ago; and is ſaid to be the left forty thouſand pounds to build a library for
firſt church of ſtone that appeared in this part of the uſe of the univerſity, with a ſalary of one
England. The tower and eaſt end are curious hundred and fifty pounds a year to a librarian,
pieces of antiquity. This was formerly the and the like fum towards furniſhing the library
univerſity church; and even at preſent, in order with new books. In conſequence of this legacy,
to aſcertain their original claim, the univerſity the firſt ſtone of the building was laid the ſeven-
attend their ſermons in it every Sunday in the af teenth of May 1737, and the library was opened
ternoon during lent.
with great ſolemnity on the thirteenth of April,
The church of St. John, which is alſo a chapel 1745, by the name of the New, or Radcliffivian
to Merton college, is an auguſt Gothic edifice,
library.
with a tower, in which are eight bells. Its choir, This beautiful building is ſituated in the centre
or inner chapel is the longeſt of any in the uni of a large ſquare, formed by St. Mary's church,
verſity, that of New college excepted. It had the public ſchools, and two colleges, one called
once an organ, yet withouc any regular inftitu Brazen Noſe, and the other All Souls. Ic is a
tion for choir ſervice, before the preſent ſtalls and very ſumptuous pile of building, erected upon
wainſcot were put up. The painted glaſs of the arcades, which, circularly diſpoſed, encloſe a
eaft window is very elegant and of a modern hand. ſpacious doom in the centre. From hence we
The anti-chapel is proportionally ſpacious, and paſs by a well executed flight of ſpiral ſteps inco
was originally much larger; for if we examine the library itſelf. This room, which is a complete
the outſide of the church, towards the weſt, we pattern of elegance and majeſty, riſes into a capa-
cious

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
671
cious dome, ornamented with fine compartments || manuſcripts, particularly Greek and Oriental;
of Atucco. The pavement is of two colours, and beſides large additions of choice and uſeful books,
made of a peculiar ſpecies of ſtone brought from from various donations. The principal benefac-
Hartz Foreſt in Germany. The room is enclofed tors have been the earl of Pembroke, archbiſhop
by a circular ſeries of arches, beautified with Laud, Sir Thomas Roe, Sir Kenelm Digby, ge-
feſtoons, and ſupported by pilaſters of the Ionic neral Fairfax, doctor Marſhal, doctor Barlow,
order. Behind Theſe arches are formed two cir doctor Rawlinſon, Mr. St. Amand, &c.
cular galleries, above and below, where the books The divinity ſchool ftands under the ſame roof
are diſpoſed in elegant cabinets. The compari with the Bodleian library. It was begun at the
ments of the ceiling, in the upper gallery, are expence of the univerſity in the year 1427, and
finely ſtuccoed. Over the door, at the entrance, afterwards completed, with its ſuperſtructure, by
is a ſtatue of the founder, doctor Radcliff, by duke Humphrey. Its ceiling is a moſt finiſhed
Ryſbrac, which is moſt advantageouſly viewed piece of Gothic maſonry, both in deſign and ex-
from the point oppoſite to it, in the laſt men ecution; and, on the whole, it is probably the
tioned gallery. Over the entrance of one of the moſt Gothic room in this kingdom. At the
galleries is a good buſt of Gibbes, the architect. end of it is the convocation houſe, which is a
In a word, the finiſhing and decorations of this ſpacious room, commodiouſly furniſhed, and
artic edifice are all in the moſt elegant taſte. handſomely decorated.
The ſchools form a magnificent quadrangle. The Directly oppoſite to the divinity ſchool is the
principal front on the outſide is about one hundred theatre, a beautiful ſtructure erected from a de-
and ſeventy-five feet in length; in the centre of ſign of Sir Chriſtopher Wren, in the year 1669,
which is a noble tower, whoſe higheſt apartments at the expence of archbiſhop Sheldon, ac chat
are appointed for aſtronomical obſervations, and time chancellor, who having beſtowed fifteen
other philoſophical experiments. Three ſides of thouſand pounds in building it, endowed it wich
the upper ſtory of the quadrangle are one entire two thouſand pounds to purchaſe lands for its per-
room, called the picture gallery, the north ſide petual repair.
of which is one hundred and twenty-nine feet ſix The front of this building is adorned with
inches; the eaſt ſide one hundred and fifty-eight Corinthian pillars, and two ſtatues of archbiſhop
feet ſix inches; and the breadth twenty-four feet Sheldon, and the duke of Ormond, with other
fix inches. This is chiefly furniſhed with valua decorations. At the entrance of the theatre the
able portraits of founders and benefactors, and ſpectator is ſtrongly and ſuddenly ſtruck with the
of other eminent men; alſo with cabinets of ideas of majeſty and beauty: but this room ex-
medals, and caſes of books. It was wainſcoted hibits the moſt auguſt appearance when properly
by the munificence of doctor Butler, the late filled. It is equally diſpoſed to contain, and
preſident of Magdalen college, and the late duke ſhew to advantage, a large and ſolemn aſſembly.
of Beaufort.
The vice-chancellor, with the two proctors, are
Under the picture gallery are the ſchools of
feated in the centre of the ſemi-circular part; on
the ſeveral ſciences, in one of which are placed each hand are the young noblemen and doctors ;
the Arundelian marbles, and in another that in-
che maſters of arts in the area : the reſt of the
eſtimable collection of ftatues, &c. lately pre univerſity, and ſtrangers of both fexes, are placed
fented to the univerſity by the counteſs of Pom in the galleries. The roof is flat, and not being
fret. The firſt ſtone of the ſchools was laid the ſupported either by columns or arch-work, reſts on
thirtieth of March 1613, and the building was the ſide walls, which are at the diſtance of eighty
carried on at the combined expence of many be feet one way, and ſeventy the other. The roof is
nefactors.
covered with an allegorical painting, which con-
The Bodleian or pulic library is a part or mem fiſts of a great number of figures. The firſt of
ber of the laſt-mentioned edifice. It conſiſts of three theſe is Theology, with her book of ſeven ſeals
ſpacious and lofty rooms, diſpoſed in the form of || imploring the aſſiſtance of Truth for the unfold-
the roman H. The middle room was erected by || ing of it. On the left hand is the Mofaical law
Humphrey, duke of Glouceſter, over the divi veiled, with the table of ſtone, to which ſhe
nity ſchool, about the year 1440, and by him points with her iron rod. On her right hand is
furniſhed with books, all which have been fince the Goſpel, with the croſs in one hand, and a
loſt. The gallery on the weſt ſide was raiſed at chalice in the other.
the expence of the univerſity, under the chancel In the ſame diviſion, over the Moſaic law, is
lorſhip of archbiſhop Laud, together with the Hiſtory holding up her pen, as dedicating it to
convocation houſe beneath. The veftible, or firſt Truth, and an attending Genius, with ſeveral
gallery, with the profcholium under it, was built fragments of old writings, from which ſhe col-
by Sir Thomas Bodley, who furniſhed the whole lects her hiſtory into her book. On the other
with a collection made with prodigious care and ſide near the Goſpel, is Divine Poeſy, with her
expence. He likewiſe aſſigned an eſtate for the harp of David's faſhion.
maintenance of a librarian, &c. and the ſupport In the triangle on the right hand of the Goſpel,
of a public fund for the library, adding a body is alſo Logic, in a poſture of arguing ; and on
of ſtatutes, for the regulation of his new inſtitu the lefc hand of the Moſaic law is Muſic, with
cion. By theſe ſervices he juſtly deſerved the name her antic lyre, having a pen in her hand, and a
of the founder of the library.
paper
of muſic notes on her knee, with a Genius
The original ſtock has been greatly enriched on her right hand playing on a flute, being the
by the acceſſion of many valuable collections of emblem of ancient muſic. On the left (but within
the

672 HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
1
the partition for phyſic) Dramatic Poefy, with a to be the moſt ſuperb and ſplendid room in
vizard, repreſenting Comedy, a bloody dagger for Europe.
Tragedy, and the reed pipe for Paſtoral.
This room is alſo furniſhed with three admi-
In the ſquare on the right ſide of the circle, is rable full length portraits of archbiſhop Shel-
Law, with her ruling ſceptre, accompanied with don, the duke of Ormond, and Sir Chriſtopher
records, patents and evidences, on the one ſide, Wren.
and on the other with Rhetoric. By theſe is an To the weſt of the theatre ſtands the Aſhmo-
attending Genius, with the ſcales of Juſtice, and lean Muſeum, ſo called from its founder, Elias
a figure with a palm branch, the emblem of Aſhmole, 'eſg; Windſor Herald in the reign of
reward for virtuous actions; and the Roman Far Charles II. This munificent patron of learning,
ces, the marks of power and puniſhment. in the year 1677, made an offer to beſtow upon
Printing, with a caſe of letters in one hand, the univerſity all the rarities he had purchaſed
and a form ready fee in the other, and by her from the two Tradeſcants, fuccceſſively phyſic
feveral heets hanging as a drying.
gardeners at Lambeth; together with his own col-
On the left ſide the circle, oppoſite to Theo lection of coins, manuſcripts, &c. on condition
logy, in three ſquares, are the Mathematical that they ſhould build a fabric for their reception.
Sciences, (depending on Demonſtration, as the The building was accordingly erected, and finiſh-
other on Faith) in the firſt of which is Aſtro ed in the year 1682, under the conduct of Sir
nomy with the celeſtial globe, Geography with Chriſtopher Wren. It is not inferior to any mo-
the terreſtrial, together with three attending Genii,
dern edifice in point of ſymmetry and elegance.
having Arithmetic in the ſquare on one hand, Its front towards the ſtreet is about fixty feet in
with a paper of figures; Optics with the per length. The eaſtern portico is remarkably well
ſpective glaſs; Geometry with a pair of compaſſes finiſhed in the Corinthian order, and adorned
in her left; and a table with geometrical figures with variety of characteriſtical embelliſhments.
in it, in her right hand. And in the ſquare on This piece of architecture is deſervedly reckoned
the other hand, Architecture embracing the capi- equal to any in the univerſity; though, like
tal of a column, with compaſſes, and the Norma many others, it is ſo much crowded by the neigh-
or ſquare lying by her, and a workman holding || bouring buildings, that the ſpectator cannot view
another ſquare in one hand, and a plumb Jine in it to proper advantage.
the other.
Agreeable to his promiſe, Athmole preſented
In the midſt of chefe ſquares and triangles (as to the univerſity a large and valuable collection of
deſcending from above) is the figure of Truth natural bodies, together with his coins and manu.
fitring as on a cloud, in one hand holding a palm- || ſcripts; he alſo bequeathed at his death three
branch(the emblem of victory) in the other the gold chains, one of philigrain work, conſiſting
fun, whoſe brightneſs enlightens the whole circle of fixty links, weighing cwenty-two ounces, with
of figures, and is ſo bright, that it ſeems to hide a medal of the duke of Brandenburgh; the other
the face of herſelf to the ſpectators below. a collar of 'S's, with a medal of the king of
Over the entrance of the front of the Theatre,
Denmark; and the third a chain of equal weight
are three figures tumbling down; the firſt, Envy,
and value, with a medal of the emperor Joſeph;
with her ſnaky hairs, ſquint eyes, hag's breaſt,
all which he had received as honorary preſents on
pale venemous complexion, ſtrong, but ugly occaſion of his book concerning the order of the
limbs, and riveled ſkin, frighted from above by garter.
the ſight of the ſhield of Pallas, with the Gor Since the firſt foundation of this muſeum, it
gon's head in it, againſt which ſhe oppoſes her has been greatly enriched by ſeveral ample and
Inaky treſſes, but her fall is ſo precipitous, that valuable benefactions. The chief natural curio-
ſhe has no command of her arms.
fities are, a large collection of bodies, horns,
Then Rapine, with her fiery eyes, grinning bones, &c. of animals, preſerved dry, or in ſpi-
teeth, ſharp twangs, her hands imbrued with rits ; numerous fpecimens of minerals and metals;
blood, holding a bloody dagger in one hand, in ſhells, eſpecially thoſe of doctor Martin Lifter,
the other a burning flambeaux ; with theſe inftru- || together with his ores, foffils, &c.
ments threatening the deſtruction of Learning, Ic likewiſe contains a ſmall, but well choſen
and all its habitations, but is prevented by an collection of exotic plants, fent from the Eaſt
Herculian Genius, or Power.
Indies by James Pound, M. B. But it has been
Next that is repreſented brutiſh, ſcoffing Ig: || chiefly indebted to the care and munificence of
norance, endeavouring to vilify aed contemn its two firſt keepers, doctor Robert Plott, and
what ſhe underſtands not, which is charmed by a
Mr. Edward Lhwyd; the former of which gave
Mercurial Genius with his Caduceus.
all the natural bodies mentioned in hiſtories of
The allegorical pictures on the ceiling, above the counties of Stafford and Oxon, and the latter
explained, were done by Streater, ferjeant painter the large collections he had made in his travels
to king Charles II. but the colours as well as the through the greateſt part of England, Wales, and
canvas, having been greatly injured by Time, Ireland. A catalogue of many of theſe was pub-
the work was cleaned and repaired in 1762, by liſhed by himſelf, elegantly adorned with copper-
Mr. Kettle, an ingenious portrait painter of Lon- || plates, in the year 1699, under the citle of Li-
don; at which time the whole infide was all de thophylacii Britannici Ichnographia. To thefe
corated with new gilding, painting, and other valuable treaſures a great addition has lately been
ornaments, at the expence of one thouſand made by the reverend William Borlaſe, who pre-
pounds ; ſo that this is now univerſally allowed fented to the univerſity all the ſpecimens of cry-
ſtals

HİSTORY and SURV er of LONDON. 673
ſtals, mandicks, coppers, tins, &c: deſcribed in erected in the year 1711, by the profits that aroſe
his Natural Hiſtory of Cornwall; which preſent from the ſale of lord Clarendon's Hiſtory of the
he alſo accompanied with his manuſcript copy of Rebellion, the copy of which had been preſented
the hiſtory, and the original drawings:
to the univerſity by his fons, the lords Clarendon
Amongſt the curioſities of nature muſt be and Rocheſter. It is a magnificent ſtructure, con-
reckoned the large magnet given to the Muſeum fiſting of two ſtories, and is one hundred and
by the right honourable the counteſs of Weſt fifteen feet in length. The ſtreet front has a no-
moreland, the lady of our late chancellor. It is ble Doric portico, whoſe columns equal the height
of an oval ſhape, its longer diameter eighteen of the firſt ſtory. The back front is adorned with
inches, its ſhorter twelve, and ſupports a weight three quarter columns of the ſame dimenſions, and
of one hundred and forty-five pounds. It is en a ſtatue of the earl of Clarendon. Over the top
cloſed in an elegant caſe of mahogany, made at of the building are ſtatues of the nine Muſes.
his lordſhip's expence, and may juſtly be deemed On the right hand are two rooms where bibles and
one of the greateſt ornaments, as well as rarities books of common prayer are printed; and over
of this place.
theſe are large and elegant apartments, containing
Here is alſo a good collection of antiquities; ſeveral excellent pictures, with a kitchen and other
ſuch as urns, ftatues, ſacrifical veſſels and uten domeſtic accommodations, under the whole. The
fils; likewiſe many Grecian, Roman, and Saxon left ſide conſiſts of rooms for the univerſity preſs,
coins, the gift of the founder, and Thomas together with one well executed apartment; adorn-
Brathwaite, eſq.
ed with an excellent portrait of queen Anne, by
Amongſt the works of art, a model of a ſhip Kneller; appointed for the meetings of the heads
given by doctor Clark, and a picture repreſenting of houſes, and delegates.
our Saviour going to his crucifixion, made of To the ſouth of Magdalen college is the phy-
feathers, deſerve particular notice; alſo a very ſic garden, the grand entrance to which is of the
ancient piece of St. Cuthbert, made by order of Doric order, and ornamented with ruſtic work.
king Alfred, and worn, as is fuppoſed, by that It is moreover adorned with a buſt of the founder,
monarch. This ſtructure is alſo decorated lord Danby, a ſtatue of Charles I. and another
with a great number of very curious paintings, of Charles II. On the face of the Corona and
executed by the beſt hands,
the frieze is the following inſcripcion:
66 Gloriæ
Beſides the room in which the curioſities are “ Dei optimi maximi honori Caroli I. regis in
depoſited, there are three ſmall libraries; the “ uſum academiæ et reipulicæ Henricus comes
firſt called by the name of Aſhmole’s ſtudy, con “ Danby, anno 1632.". The ſame inſcription is
taining his printed books and manuſcripts chiefly on the garden front.
relating to matters of heraldry and antiquity; in The garden, which is five acres in circum-
which alſo are the manuſcripts of Sir William ference, is ſurrounded by a noble wall, with other
Dugdale, author of the Monafticon, &c. portraits in the ruſtic ſtyle, at proper diſtances,
The ſecond is that of doctor Liſter, conſiſting The ground is divided into four quarters. On
of printed books in phyſic, and the beſt editions the right and left, at our entrance, are two neat
of the claſſics, in which alſo are preſerved the and convenient green-houſes, ſtocked with a va-
copper plates belonging to the Hiſtory of Shells, luable collection of exotics. The quarters are
publiſhed by that author.
filled with a compleat ſeries of ſuch plants as
The laſt is that of Anthony Wood, containing grow naturally, diſpoſed in their reſpective claſſes.
the valuable manuſcript collections of that learned Without the walls on the eaſt, is an admirable
and laborious antiquarian.
hot houſe, where various plants, brought from
In the room on the firſt floor, lectures are read the warmer climates, are raiſed. Of theſe the
in experimental philoſophy. Underneath is an chief are, the pine-apple, the plantain, the cof-
elaboratory for courſes of chemiſtry and ana fee-ſhrub, the caper-tree, the cinnamon, the
tomy.
creeping Cereus, &c.
The care and direction of the Muſeum is veſted This garden was inſtituted by the earl of Dan-
in ſix viſitors, viz, che vice-chancellor, the dean by, above-mentioned, in the year 1632 ; who
of Chriſt church, the principal of Brazen Noſe, having repleniſhed it with plants for the uſe of
the king's profeſſor of phyſic, and the two proc ſtudents in botany, ſettled an annual revenue for
tors for the time being. Theſe have the nomina its ſupport. It has been fince much improved
tion of the head keeper, and meet annually on by doctor Sherrard, who erected the edifice which
Trinity Monday, to inſpect the ſtate of the col is ſeen on the left, at entering the garden, and
lection, and to paſs the accounts. Aſhmole de furniſhed it with an uſeful collection of botannical
ſigned to have endowed his foundation with ample books. He likewiſe aſſigned three thouſand
revenues, and has in his ſtatutes expreſſed the pounds for the maintenance of a profeſſor of bo-
fums appointed for this purpoſe, namely fifty tany, for whoſe lodgings fome apartments in the
pounds per annum for the head keeper, fifteen || building juſt mentioned have been appointed.
pounds to the librarian, and five pounds for an Having thus deſcribed the principal public
aſſiſtant; but this generous intention was never buildings in this city, we ſhall now proceed to
put into execution ; ſo that the profits at preſent the ſeveral colleges and halls, which conſtitute
ariſe only from the gratuities given by ſtrangers the univerſity of Oxford. The firſt of theſe is
for the exhibition of the curioſities, which fall Univerſity College. This is allowed to be the
greatly ſhort of the original deſign.
moſt antient college in Oxford; and ſome writers
Nearly adjoining to the Theatre is the Claren aſſert that it was a manſion for ſcholars long be-
don Printing-houſe, a very handſome building, || fore the time of king Alfred, (who is ſuppoſed
8 H
58
to

674
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
to have founded it) and that St. John de Bever A fociety being thus eſtabliſhed, many other
ley, who died in 721, received his education here. benefactors afcerwards appeared, who improved
In the reign of king Edward, this college or the revenues and buildings. Of theſe the moſt
hall was facked and burnt, together with the conſiderable are, Walter Skirlow, biſhop of
city, by the Danes; and they were ſcarcely re Durham, who founded three fellowſhips. Henry
built, when king Harold, who ſucceded to the Piercy earl of Northumberland, in the year 14433
crown in 1036, being much incenſed againſt this added the fame number; and Sir Simon Bennet,
place, for the murder of ſome of his friends, in in the reign of Charles I. eſtabliſhed four fellow-
à tumult, baniſhed the ſcholars from their ſtu- || ſhips, and four ſcholarſhips.
dies. By an edict of Edward the Confeffor, the The preſent magnificent building was begun
ſcholars were however reſtored to their ancient to be erected in the year 1624, by the beneface
penſions and habitations; but William the Con tion of Charles Greenwood, formerly fellow, and
queror being deſirous to aboliſh the Engliſh was ſoon carried on by Sir Simon Bennet, above-
tongue, and therefore unwilling to have the doc mentioned. Nor were ſucceeding patrons want-
trines of the church any longer preached in it, ing to continue ſo noble a work, till it was finally
was vigorouſly oppoſed by the clergy and ſcholars completed by doctor John Radcliffe, who erected
of Oxford, upon which he retracted the ftipends the whole eaſtern quadrangle entirely at his own
originally granted them, and the ſcholars were expence. He likewiſe ſettled on the college fix
thus reduced to live on charitable contributions, hundred pounds a year for two travelling fellow-
till che college was a ſecond time endowed. ſhips.
According to ſome writers, this college, at the The preſent fociety conſiſts of a maſter, twelve
time of the conqueſt, was let out to the ſcholars fellows' feventeen ſcholars, with many other
by the citizens, into whoſe poffeflion it is ſuppoſed ſtudents, amounting in the whole to near fe-
to have come during the Daniſh wars; but this venty
circumſtance is by no means probable, fince the Baliol College. The foundation of this college
edict of Edward the Confeffor reſtored the ſcho.. was projected by Sir John Baliol of Bernard
lars to their ancient privileges. However, it is caſtle in Yorkſhire, knight, father of John Ba-
certain, that for ſome time before the reign of liol, king of Scotland, who ſettled ſome yearly
Henry III. the ſcholars rented the college of the exhibitions upon certain poor ſcholars, till he
citizens. By what means it became the property could provide a houſe and other accommodations
of the city, does not appear; but ſuch was the for them; but dying in 1269, his widow, Devor-
city's right to this college, that it had power to gilla, having been requeſted by him to complete
ſell it, and it was actually bought of the city his deſign, hired of the univerſity a houſe in a
by William, archdeacon of Durham, who died ſtreet, then called Horſe-manger-ftreet, but now
in 1249 ; and by his laſt will and teſtament, be Canditch, in which ſhe placed her exhibitioners,
queathed it to the ſtudents, and endowed it conſiſting of a principal and fixteen fellows, and
with three hundred and ten marks, for the main-preſcribed ftatutes for their government in 1282.
tenance of ten or cwelve ſcholars.
Afterwards in 1284, ſhe purchaſed another tene-
The front of this building is extended upwards ment, called St. Mary's-hall, which ſhe rebuilt,
of cwo hundred and fixty feet along the ſouth ſide and to which the ſociety was removed by her
of the High-ftreet. In it, at due diſtances, are charter, giving it the name of Baliol College.
two ſtately portals, with a tower over each. That This college has a handſome Gothic gateway,
on the weſt leads into the old court, which is a that leads into the firſt court, part of which is
handſome Gothic quadrangle, of one hundred finiſhed in the ſtyle in which it is intended to re-
feet ſquare. Over the gate at the entrance, on build the whole college. On the north is the
the outſide, is a ſtatue of queen Anne, and with- chapel, which was erected about the reign of
in another of James II. Over the eaſtern en Henry VIII. It is adorned with ſome beautiful
trance, on the outſide, is alſo an admirable ſtatue
pieces of painted glaſs, particularly the eaſt win-
of queen Mary, wife of William III. On the dow which repreſents the paſſion, refurrection,
ſouth of the weſtern quadrangle are the chapel || and afcenfion of Our Saviour; and for which
and hall. The ſtatue of St. Cuthbert is over the Nicholas Wadham offered two hundred pounds.
gate of the chapel, and that of Alfred at the en This hall is handſomely wainſcotted. In the
trance of the hall. The altar window was given maſter's lodgings is a ſpacious old apartment,
by doctor Radcliffe, as appears by its inſcription, whoſe beautiful bow window projects on the weft
in the year 1687. The roof of the chapel is a ſide of the court, and which was formerly the
well-wrought frame of Norway oak. The hall || college chapel. In the library which was finiſhed
has been lately fitted up in a very beautiful Gothic about the year 1477, are many curious manu.
ftyle, at the expence of many generous contri- || ſcripts. Beſides this court, there is an area to
butions, and is a moſt complete room of the the north weſt, conſiſting of irregular and de-
kind.
tached Jodgings. But an elegant front is now
From this court, through a narrow paſſage || building by this court, a benefaction of three
on the eaſt, you are led into another area of three thouſand pounds having been lately received for
ſides. It is opened to a garden on the ſouth. that purpoſe.
The eaſt, and part of the north fide, is taken up The principal benefactors are, Philip Somer-
by the lodgings of the maſter, which are com ville, Thomas Stanhope, Peter Blundell, lady
modious and extenſive. In a nich over the gate Periam with ſeveral others. Cote 2629
on the north, is a ſtatue of doctor Radcliffe.
John Warner, biſhop of Rocheſter, in the
year

HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
675
year 1666, founded four exhibitions for natives ſurrounded with feſtoons ; and the whole is
of Scotland, whoſe benefaction was ſince enlarged finiſhed by a light baluſtrade.
by John Snell, eſq.
On the ſouth of the college is the hall, which
Here is one maſter, twelve fellows, and eigh is long and lofty, and adorned with portraits. lt
teen exhibitioners. The whole number of the was entirely built from the ground by Sir John
fociety amounts to about fifty.
Ackland, knight, of Devonſhire in the year 1618.
Merton College. Walter de Merton, lord high On the north is the chapel, which conſiſts of two
chancellor of England in the reign of Henry III. ifles, and was erected by doctor Hakewell, for
and afterwards biſhop of Rocheſter, firſt founded merly rector, in the year 1624.
and endowed a college of twenty poor ſcholars, The original entrance into this college was
and two or three chaplains, at Malden, near through the tower which appears on the nortli
Kingſton in Surry, in the year 1261; but be eaſt angle of the court, and for which a poſtern
cauſe the liberal arts were taught only in the uni in the city wall was opened. Near or about this
verſities, and he was not willing that his ſtudents tower the old college ſeems to have ſtood, part of
ſhould be ignorant in them, he tranſlated this which ſtill remains adjoining to the tower on either
fociety to a building he erected for them in St. ſide, that on the eaſt being the moſt ancient,
John's-ſtreet at Oxford in 1267, preſcribed a bo erected in the year 1404, and that on the weſt,
dy of ſtatutes for them in 1274, and gave the viz, the rectors lodgings, together with the tower
college the name of “ Domus Scholarium de itſelf, in the year 1432. Ancient, however, as
Merton."
cheſe remains are, yet they are ſtill more modern
This college is ſeparated from that of Corpus than any part of the founder's original itructure,
Chriſti, towards the weſt by a ſmall grove of elms. no remains of which are to be ſeen at preſent,
The moſt Itriking object in the firſt court is the except a part of the chapel, ſince converted into
eaſt window of the chapel, the conſtruction of
the library.
which is a fine piece of Gothic workmanſhip. This college conſiſts at preſent of one rector,
From this court, by a flight of ſteps, you enter twenty-five fellows, and a bible clerk, with two
the hall, which is large and lofty, but has nothing exhibitioners. The number of the ſtudents is
particularly remarkable, except the wainſcot over about fifcy.
the high table, which appears by a date engraved Oriel College. The original foundation of this
upon it, in figures of an antique form, to have college is afcribed to king Edward II. in 1324;
been erected in the year 1554.
but it does not appear that he contributed any
The new or ſecond quadrangle was erected in farther than granting a licence to Adam le Brome,
the year 1610, from whoſe apartments on the his almoner, in that year, to build and endow a
fouth, there is a beautiful proſpect over the mea college here, by the name of St. Mary's-hall.
dows. The terrace formed on the city wall, in To this fociety king Edward III. in the firſt
year
the garden of this college, is no leſs finely fitu of his reign, gave a large building in Oxford,
ated for a delightful view; and the gardens in called le Oriel, to which the fellows removing
general have a pleaſing variety.
from St. Mary’s-hall, this was called Oriel Col-
Among the various benefactors to this ſociety, lege.
the moſt remarkable are, Henry Sever and Rich It is ſituated fouthward of St. Mary's church,
ard Fitz James, formerly wardens; and doctor on the north fide of the front of Corpus Chriſti
John Wyllyott, chancellor of the church of Exe college, its great gate being almoſt oppoſite to
ter, who gave exhibicions for the maintenance of the back gate of Chriſt-church. Its quadrangle,
twelve Portioniſtæ, called Poft-naſters, in the which was erected in the year 1640, is uniform
year 1380. Theſe were afterwards encreaſed to and decent. The north ſide conſiſts of the pro-
fourteen, by John Chambers, who directed that voſt's lodgings, and the library; the eaſt of the
his two additional exhibitioners ſhould be elected hall, buttery, and veſtibule of the chapel, which
from Eaton ſchool. Four fcholarſhips have been runs eaſtward from thence; and the ſouth and
likewiſe ſince founded by Mr. Henry Jackſon late weſt ſides form the common apartment. The af-
of this houſe.
cent to the hall is by a large flight of ſteps, co-
At preſent the ſociety conſiſts of a warden, vered with a proportionable portico. It is hand-
twenty-four ſcholars, fourteen poſt-maſters, four || fomely wainſcotted in the Doric ſtyle, and deco-
ſcholars, two chaplains, and two clerks. The rated at the upper end with a portrait of Edward
number of members of each fort is upwards of II. dreſſed in his regalia, by Hudſon; one of
ſeventy.
queen Anne, who annexed a prebend of Rocheſter
Exeter College. The ſociety belonging to this to the provoſtihip, by Dahl; and another of the
college was inſtitured by Walter Stapledon, bi late duke of Beaufort, who is repreſented erect,
ſhop of Exeter in the year 1314; but he not in his parliament robes, attended by a negro boy
liking the then ſituation tranſlated the ſociety to bearing a coronet, by Soldi. The chapel has
this building, which was at firſt called Stapledon that beauty belonging to it which is derived from
Ion, but afterwards the name it now bears. a decent fimplicity, and was finiſhed in the year
This college is ſituated on the left ſide within 1642. The window over the altar has been lately
the Turl from the north. In the center of che painted with the Wiſe Men's Offering, by Mr.
front, which is two hundred and twenty feet in Pakett of York.
length, is a beautiful gate of ruſtic work: over The library conſiſts of half the upper ſtory of
it is a tower adorned with Ionic pilaſters, fup. the north fide of this quadrangle, and is a neat,
porting a ſemicircular pediment, in the area of well furniſhed room. The garden-court which is
which are the arms of the founder on a ſhield entered by a paſſage in the fame north fide, re-
ceives

676
HISTORY and SURVEr of LONDON.
ceivës an agreeable air from an elegant little gar- || Theſe; with the reſt, were removed hither from
den which is formed in the midſt of it, and fen the old chapel.
ced on this ſide with iron gates, and palliſades, The hall, which is fitted up in the Doric
ſupported by a dwarf wall and ſtone piers. The order, and has an admirable proportion, is fixty
fides are two wings, in a ſtyle correſpondent to feet long, and thirty broad, with an arched roof,
that of the quadrangle. That on the right was of a correſpondent height. It is furniſhed with
erected by doctor Robinſon, biſhop of London excellent portraits of the founder and bene-
and that on the left, by doctor Carter, formerly factors. Over the ſcreen is a handſome gallery,
provoſt.
intended for muſic, and as a veſtibule to the
The principal benefactor to this building was common room, to which it leads.
doctor John Tolſon, when provoſt, who, beſides The area on which this beautiful college
other valuable donations, gave 11501. for that ſtands is an oblong ſquare three hundred feet in
purpoſe. Doctor Robinſon; biſhop of London, length, and two hundred and twenty in breadth,
alſo gave 2500l. for augmenting the fellow which being divided by the hall and chapel, is
ſhips.
formed into the two courts above deſcribed.
The members of this college conſiſt at preſent This magnificent ſtructure was begun by Sir
of one provoſt, eighteen fellows, and about four Joſeph Williamſon, knight, in the year 1672,
teen exhibitioners. The ſtudents amount to near and being continued by the liberality of ſeveral
eighty.
other benefactors, was at length completed by
Queen's College. This college received its name the noble legacy of Mr. Mitchell of Richmond,
from queen Philippa, confort of king Edward III. who likewiſe founded eight fellowſhips and four
at whoſe inftigation Robert Eglesfield, a batche ſcholarſhips. The fellows and ſcholars have
lor of divinity in this univerſity, in the year handſome apartments appropriated to them in
1340, purchaſed certain houſes in the pariſh of the new buildings, beſides a ftipend of fifty
St. Peter in the Eaſt, in the city of Oxford, which pounds per annum to each of the former, and
he converted into a collegiate hall, by the name thirty pounds per annum to each of the latter.
of “ Aula Scholarium Reginæ de Oxon." and At preſent the college conſiſts of a provoſt,
having obtained a royal charter of confirmation fixteen fellows, two chaplains, eight taberdars,
he endowed this hall for a provoſt, and twelve (ſo called from Taberdum, a ſhort gown which
fellows. After his death king Edward III. in re they formerly wore) ſixteen ſcholars, two clerks,
membrance of his queen Philippa, gave two te and forty exhibitioners. The number of ſtudents
nements to this college, and ſettled them on the is upwards of one hundred.
ociety by the name of Queen's.college.
Nero College. This college is ſituated eaſt-
It is ſituated in the High-ſtreet, oppoſite Uni ward of the ſchools, and is ſeparated from
verſity College. The front, which is formed in Queen's College by a narrow lane on the ſouth.
the ſtyle of the Luxemburgh palace, is at once It was founded by William of Wickham, biſhop
magnificent and elegant. In the middle of it is of Wincheſter, in the year 1379, and has many,
a ſuperb cupola, under which is a ſtatue of the cuſtoms and privileges peculiar to itſelf.
late queen Caroline. The firſt court is one hun In the center of the firſt court, which is one
dred and forty feet in length, and one hundred hundred and fixty-eight feet in length, and one
and thirty in breadth; and, except the north hundred and twenty-nine in breadth, is a ſtatue
fide, is ſurrounded by a beautiful cloiſter. Over of Minerva, given by Sir Henry Parker of Ho-
the weſtern cloiſter are the provoft's lodgings, nington in Warwickſhire. The north ſide, which
which are ſpacious and fplendid. The north conſiſts of the chapel and hall, is a noble ſpeci-
fide is formed by the chapel and hall, and finely men of Gothic magnificence. The two upper
finiſhed in the Doric order. In the centre, over ſtories of the eaſt ſide form the library; and on
a portico leading to the north court, ſtands a the weſt are the lodgings of the warden, which
handſome cupola ſupported by eight Ionic co are very commodious, and adorned wich many
lumns.
valuable portraits.
The north court is one hundred and thirty The chapel belonging to this college exceeds
feet long, and ninety broad. On the weſt ſtands all in the univerſity. The ante-chapel, which is
the library, which is of the Corinthian order. ſupported by four pillars of fine proportion, runs
Under the eaſt fide of this edifice runs a cloiſter; at right angles to the choir, and is eighty feet
its weſt ſide is adorned with ſtatues of the foun long and thirty-ſix broad. The choir, which is
der, and benefactors, and other pieces of ſculp entered by a gothic ſcreen of beautiful conſtruc-
The room within is highly finiſhed. The tion, is one hundred feet long, thirty-five broad,
book-caſes, which are of Norway oak, are de and fixty-five in height. The painting over the
corated with well.wrought carving, and in the altar is exceeding curious, and conſiſts of a falu-
ceiling are fome admirable compartments of tation piece, behind which the painter has artfully
ftucco.
thrown the concave of a well ornamented dome,
The chapel is ornamented in the Corinthian in which the chapel appears to terminate. The
order, with a beautiful ceiling of fret-work. altar itſelf is approached by a noble Aight of
The windows are all of fine old painted glaſs, marble ſteps. It is encloſed by a well wrought
viz. 1518; that over the altar excepted, repre rail of iron work, and covered with a rich pall
ſenting our Lord's nativity, which was executed of crimſon velver. From this ſituation, the or-
by Mr. Price, A. D. 1717. The moſt remark. gan with the ſtall-work underneath has a very
able are two on che north fide, of the Laſt Judge || ſtriking effect. The windows on the ſouth ſide
ment, and two on the ſouth, of the Aſcenſion. are moſt beautifully painted by Mr. Price of Lone
ture,
dons

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
677
It was
don; each window repreſenting eight figures of grandeur, to any college that had then appeared.
ſaints and martyrs, with their reſpective ſymbols It was the firſt effort to magnificence ever exhi-
and inſignia, large as the life.
bited in Oxford; and probably Merton was, be-
In this chapel choir ſervice is performed every fore this, the moſt ſplendid college in the univer-
day at eleven and five, and is probably no where ſity, though at that time by no means adorned
performed with more folemnity, or heard to bet with buildings as at preſent.
ter advantage. The organ is a moſt admirable This college conſiſts of the following members,
inſtrument, erected by the famous Dolham, and viz, one warden, ſeventy fellows, ten chaplains,
ſince improved with the addition of the clarion three clerks, fixteen choriſters, and one ſexton;
ſtop and ſwelling organ, by Mr. John Byfield. together with many gentlemen commoners.
Adjoining to the chapel, is a noble cloiſter, Lincoln College. The foundation of this col-
which conſtitutes a quadrangle, 146 feet in length lege was begun by Richard Fleming, biſhop of
on two ſides, and 105 the other two, with a gar Lincoln, in the year 1427; but he dying before
den in the area; contiguous to which on the north his deſign was completed, Thomas Rotherham,
is a large and lofty tower with ten bells.
biſhop of Lincoln, in the year 1475, finiſhed
The hall, is of excellent proportion, being 78 the building of the college, encreaſed its reve-
feet in length, 35 in breadth, and 43 in height. nues, and gave it the name it now bears.
Its wainſcot, which was erected about the reign of This college is ſituated between All-Saints
Henry VIII. is curious, and much in character. church and Exeter-college, and conſiſts of two
At the eaſt end are portraits of the munificent quadrangles. The firſt of theſe is formed exclu-
founder, William of Wickham; William of ſive of chambers, by the lodgings of the rector,
Wainfleet, founder of Magdalen college, and ſtanding in the ſouth eaſt angle, and erected by
Henry Chichely, the founder of All Souls col Thomas Beckington, biſhop of Bath and Wells,
lege.
in the year 1465; the library and common room
The library conſiſts of two rooms which are on the north, and refectory on the eaſt.
furniſhed with a fine collection, and well known The library is ſmall, but neatly decorated, and
to the learned for its many valuable manu contains many curious manuſcripts, chiefly given
ſcripts.
by Thomas Gaſcoigne, in the year 1432.
In the chapel is ſhewn the croſier of the foun finiſhed, as it appears at preſent, by the libe-
der, one of the nobleſt curioſities, and almoſt rality of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, firſt a commoner
the only one of its kind now remaining in this of this, and afterwards fellow of All-Souls col-
kingdom. It is nearly ſeven feet in height, is of lege. This room was originally the chapel, and
ſilver gilt, embelliſhed with variety of the richeſt
was converted into a library at the expence of
Gothic workmanſhip, and charged with figures of Nathaniel lord Crew, when fellow, in the year
angels, and the tutelar faints of the cathedral 1656.
church of Wincheſter, executed with an elegance The hall is forty feet in length, 25 in breadth,
equal to that of a more modern age. It is finely and proportionable in height. It was erected
preſerved, and from a length of almoſt four by John Williams, biſhop of Lincoln ; and was
hundred years, has loft but little of its original | handſomely wainſcotted by biſhop Crew, whoſe
ſplendor.
arms appear over the middle of the ſcreen; and
The garden court has a beautiful area, which,
thoſe of the reſt of the contributors are inter-
by means of a ſucceſſion of retiring wings, diſ ſperſed about the mouldings.
plays itſelf gradually as we approach the garden, From this court which forms a ſquare of eighty
from which it is ſeparated by a ſumptuous iron feer, we enter through the ſouth ſide, the ſecond,
palliſade, 130 feet in length. This court has a which is about ſeventy feet ſquare. On the ſouth
noble effect from the mount in the garden; and ſide of this quadrangle is the chapel, which was
the proſpect is ſtill further improved by the ap built by biſhop Williams abovementioned, in the
pearance of the old Gothic fpires and battlements, year 1631. The ſcreen is of cedar elegantly
which overlook the new building from the foun carved. The windows are of painted glaſs, com-
der's court. It began to be erected in the year plete, and well preſerved. Thoſe on the north
1682, at the expence of the college, affifted by | repreſent twelve of the prophets, and thoſe on
many liberal benefactors.
the ſouth the twelve apoſtles, large as life.
A very principal part of the garden, as like The eaſt window exhibits a view of the types
wiſe part of the college, is ſurrounded by the relative to our Saviour, with their reſpective com-
city wall; which, from this circumſtance of pletions, viz.
ſerving as a fence or boundary to the college pre 1. From the left hand, the Nativity; and un-
cincts, is here, and here only, preſerved entire, der it, the Hiſtory of the Creation its ante,
with its battlements and baitions, to a conſider type.
able diſtance. On the ſouth ſide is a pleaſant 2. Our Lord's baptiſm; and under it, the
bowling green, ſhaded to the weſt by a row of paſſing of the Iſraelires through the Red Sea.
elms, and on the eaſt by tall ſycamores, the 3. The Jewiſh paſſover, and under it the inſti-
branches of which being interwoven and incor tution of the Lord's Supper.
porated with each other, from end to end, are 4. The Brazen Serpent in the Wilderneſs ;
juſtly admired as a natural curioſity.
correſponding to -Chriſt on the croſs.
This college, dedicated to St. Mary Winton, 5. Jonas delivered from the whale's belly, ex-
has been called New college from its firſt founda preſſive of Chriſt's Reſurrection.
rion, being at that time an object of public cu 6. Elijah in the fiery chariot, with--Our Lord's
riofity, and far ſuperior, in point of extent and Aſcenſion.
58
8!
The

678
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
ments.
The roof conſiſts of compartments in cedar, The buttery, which was built with the hall, is
embelliſhed with the arms of the differenc foun a well proporcioned room, of an oval form,
ders and benefactors, and interchangeably enrich having an arched roof of ſtone, ornamented with
ed with cherubims, palm-branches, and feftoons, curious workmanſhip.
diverſified with painting and gilding. There is The ſecond court is a magnificent Gothic qua-
an admirable proportion and elegance of execu drangle, 172 feet in length, and 155 in breadth.
tion in the eight figures of cedar which are re On the ſouth are the chapel and hall; on the weſt
ſpectively placed at each end of the deſks, and a cloiſter, with a grand portico; on the north a
repreſent Mofes, Aaron, the four Evangeliſts, St. library; and on the eaſt two ſuperb Gothic
Peter and St. Paul.
towers, in the centre of a ſeries of fine apare-
The principal benefactor to this college is Na-
thaniel lord Crew, biſhop of Durham, who, The north ſide of this court is wholly taken
about the year 1717, added to the headſhip an up with the library, which is 200 feet in length,
annual allocation of twenty pounds; to the twelve 30 in breadth, and 40 in height, and finiſhed in
fellowſhips ten pounds each; and to the ſeven the moſt ſplendid and elegant manner. The room
ſcholarſhips and bible clerkſhip, five pounds
itſelf is furniſhed with two noble arangements of
each. He likewiſe improved the four college cu book caſes, one above the other, ſupported by
racies; and moreover founded twelve exhibi Doric and Ionic pilafters. The upper claſs is
tioners, with ſalaries of twenty pounds per annum formed in a ſuperb gallery, which ſurrounds three
each.
fides. On the north fide, near the middle of the
Ac preſent the fociety conſiſts of a rector, room, is a receſs equal to the breadth of the
twelve fellows, (welve exhibitioners, and ſeven whole room; and in its area is placed the ſtatue
ſcholars, with a bible clerk; excluſive of mem of colonel Codrington, the founder of the li-
bers that are independent,
brary. The ceiling and ſpaces between the win-
All Souls College. This college was founded by dows, are ornamented with the richeſt ſtucco;
Henry Chichely, archbiſhop of Canterbury, in and over the gallery is a ſeries of bronzes inter-
the year 1437, for a warden, and forty fellows, || changeably dilpoſed, conſiſting of vales, and the
the election of whom he directed ſhould be an bufts of many eminent men.
nually held on All Souls day. It is ſituated in This college conſiſts of one warden, forty
the High-ſtreet, weſtward of Queen's-college ; fellows, two chaplains, three clerks and fix cho-
and has over the gateway the ſtatues of the foun rifters.
der and king Henry VI.
Magdalen College. This college was founded
The firſt court is a handſome Gothic edifice by William Patten, biſhop of Wincheſter, in
124 feet in length, and 72 in breadth. The cha the year 1458. It is ſituated without the eaſt
pel on the north ſide is a ſtarely pile. The ante gate of the city on the borders of the river Cher-
chapelin which are fome remarkable monuments, well. At the entrance of the weſt front of the
is zo feet long, and 30 broad. The entrance to college is a Doric portal, decorated with a ſtatue
the inner chapel, which is of the fame dimen of the founder.
fions, is by a grand flight of marble fteps, The gate under the weſt window of the cha-
through a ſcreen conſtructed by Sir Chriſtopher || pel is adorned with five ſmall but elegant figures;
Wren. The ſpacious environ of the altar con that on the right repreſents the founder'; the next
fifts of the richeſt red-vein marble. Above is a is William of Wykeham, in whoſe college at
fine aſſumption piece of the founder, by Sir Wincheſter the founder was ſchoolmaſter; the
James Thornhill. On the right and left, at the third is St. Mary Magdalen, to whom the col-
approach of the altar, are two inimitable urns by || lege is dedicated; the fourth is Henry III. who
the fame hand, reſpectively repreſenting, in their founded the hoſpital fince converted into this col-
baſs-reliefs, the inſtitution of the two facraments. || lege; and the laſt of St. John the baptiſt, by
Between the windows, on each fide, are figures whoſe name the faid hofpital was called.
of ſaints in claro-obſcuro, bigger than the life. Nearly adjoining to the preſident's lodgings is
The ceiling is difpofed into compartments embel a ſtately gateway, the original entrance into the
liſhed with carving and gilding; and the whole college ; bat fince diſuſed, formed in a tower,
has an air of great ſplendor and dignity.
whoſe fides are adorned with ftatues of four of
The hall is an elegant modern room. It is the perſons abovementioned. This leads us to a
furniſhed with portraits of the munificent foun cloiſter, on the fourh fide of which are the chapel
der, colonel Codrington, and Sir Nathaniel and hall.
Lloyd. At the high table is an hiſtorical piece
The hall is a ſtately Gothic room, well pro-
by Sir James Thornhill, whofe fubject is the portioned, and handſomely finiſhed. It has four
finding of che law. The figure of Joſiah, rend. whole length portraits, viz. of the founder, doc-
ing his robe, is aniniated and expreſſive. Over tor Builer, William Freeman, prince Rupert ;
the chimney piece, which is handſomely executed, and two half lengths, viz. biſhop Warner, and
in dove-coloured marble, is a buſt of the founder: doctor Hammond.
on one ſide is a buſt of Linacre, formerly fellow, The ante-chapel is a ſpacious building, ſup-
a famous phyſician in the reign of Henry VIII. ported with two ftaff-moulded pillars, extremely
and on the other of John Leland, a celebrated light. In the weſt window are ſome fine remains
antiquarian and polite fcholar, about the ſame of glaſs painted in claro obfcuro. The ſubject
reign, ſuppoſed to have been a member of this is the reſurrection. The deſign is after one in-
houſe. The reſt of the room is adorned with an vented and executed by Schwariz, for the wife
admirable ſeries of antique buits.
of William duke of Bavaria, more than two
hundred

HIS TORT and SURV E T of LONDON. 679
hundred years ſince, which was afterwards en This college has two courts. The firſt, which
graved by Sadeler. The choir is folemn, and is the original one, conſiſts of the lodgings of
handſomely decorated. The windows, each of the principal, and chambers of the fellows and
which contains fix figures, almoſt as large as life, ſtudents, and the refectory, which is elegantly
of primitive fathers, faints, martyrs and apoſtles, fitted up, and adorned with portraits. Over its
are finely painted in the taſte, and about, the portico are two antique buſts, one of Alfred, who
time of that juſt deſcribed. Theſe windows for built Little Univerſity hall, or King's hall, on
merly belonged to the ante-chapel, the two near the ſite of which the preſent college is partly
the altar excepted, which were lately done, be founded; and the other of John Erigena, a
ing all removed hither in the year 1741. In the Scotchman, who firſt read lectures in the faid
confuſion of the civil wars, the original choir hall in the year 882. Over the door leading up
windows were taken down and concealed. They to the Common room, which was originally the
did not, however, eſcape the rage of fanaticiſm chapel, is a Latin inſcription, the Engliſh of
and ignorance: they were unluckily diſcovered which runs thus:
by a party of Cromwell's troopers, who ſpread-
ing them along the cloiſters, jumped through 66. In the name of God, the biſhop of Lincoln
them in their jack-boots, with the utmoſt fatis " and Sutton, laid this ſtone, at the command
faction, and entirely deſtroyed them. The altar-
« of the king."
piece was performed by Iſaac Fuller, about ninety
years ago, and repreſents the Reſurrection.
In the center of this court is a ſtatue of Cain
Under this piece is another admirable picture and Abel
of our Lord bearing the croſs, fuppoſed to be the From this court we are led through a paſſage
work of Guido. It was taken at Vigo; and be on the left hand of the gate to the ſecond courr,
ing brought into England by the late duke of which is planned in a good talle, and was pro-
Ormond, came into the poſſeſſion of William bably the work of Sir
Chriſtopher Wren. The
Freeman, efq; of Hamels, in Hertfordſhire, who cloiſter on the eaſt ſide ſupports the library ; and
gave it to the ſociety. The altar is fitted up in on the ſouth ſtands the chapel, the roof of which
the modern ſtile, with a well executed wainſcot, is a frame of wood in imitation of Gothic ſtone-
and columns of the Corinthian order, charged work. The altar is beautifully decorated, and
with other elegant embelliſhments. Choir fer the whole chapel is at once neat and ſplendid.
vice is performed in this chapel at eleven and The college conſiſts of one principal, twenty
four every day; except Sundays and Holidays, fellows, thirty ſcholars, and four exhibitioners ;
when the morning ſervice is ſung at eight.
togecher with about forty or fifty ſtudents.
On the north ſide of this court is a narrow Corpus Chriſti College. This college was found-
paſſage that leads to a beautiful opening, one ed by Richard Fox, biſhop of Wincheſter in the
fide of which is bounded by a noble and elegant year 1513. It is ſituated near the back gate of
edifice in the modern taite, conſiſting of three Chriſt church, on the ſouth ſide of Oriel college.
ſtories 300 feet in length. Through the center A beautiful Gothic gateway leads us to the firſt
of this building we paſs into the grove or pad.
court, in which there is a peculiar appearance of
dock, which is well ſtocked with deer, and neatneſs. On the eaſt ſtands the hall, which is
formed into many delightful walks and lawns. handſomely wainſcotted, and well proportioned.
Beſides the abovementioned grove, there is a The rafters in the ceiling are well wrought in the
meadow within the college precincts, conſiſting
Gothic ſtile.
of about thirteen acres, ſurrounded by a pleaſant In the center of this court is a curious column
walk, called the Water-walk. This walk is ſhaded || exhibiting a cylindrical dial, the conſtruction of
with hedges and lofty trees, which in one part which is eſteemed a valuable piece of old Gno-
grow wild, and in the other are cut and diſpoſed || monics : It was made by Robert Hegge, a fel-
regularly. The whole circuit of the walk is low, in the reign of queen Elizabeth. From
waſhed by branches of the Cherwell, and has hence we pafs into the cloiſters, which are in the
many beautiful proſpects. The tower of this modern taſte. Souch of theſe is an elegant pile
college, which contains a muſical peal of ten of building, of the Ionic order, - which fronts
bells, was erected by cardinal Wolfey in the year Chriſt church meadow, and was erected by Dr.
1492. The principal benefactors were, Henry Turner, formerly preſident. There is likewiſe
VI. William Fitz Alan, earl of Arundell, Clay another neat ſtructure, of the modern kind, near
mond, Morwent, &c.
the hal), appropriated to the uſe of a certain
The preſent members of this college are, a number of gentlemen conmoners.
preſident, forty fellows, thirty demies, a divini The library, which is well furniſhed in gene-
ty lecturer, a ſchoolmaſter, one uſher, four chap ral, is remarkable for a collection of pamphlets
lains, an organiſt, eight clerks, and fixteen cho from the reformation to the revolution ; an Eng-
riſters. The number of ſtudents are about 120. liſh bible, fuppoſed to be of higher antiquity
Brazen-Noſe College. This college was found than that of Wickliffe ; and a vellum roll, which
ed by William Smith, biſhop of Lincoln, and exhibits the pedigree of the royal family, with
Richard Sucton, gent. in the year 1511. It re the collateral branches, from Alfred co Edward I.
ceived the fingular epithet from a hall of the richly decorated with their arms blazoned, and
ſame name, diſtinguiſhed by a large brafs noſe figned by the kings at arms. The moſt ſtriking
upon the gate, on the ſite of which it was prin- curioſity is an ancient manuſcript hiſtory of the
cipally built.
bible in French, illuminated with a ſeries of beau-
piful

680
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
tiful paintings, illuſtrating the facred ſtory. It The eaſt, north, and weſt ſides of the grand
was given by general Oglethorp, formerly a quadrangle, with part of the ſouth, conſiſt of
member of this houſe. Here is ſhewn alſo the the lodgings of the dean, the canons, and the
crofier of the founder, which, although a fine ſtudents, &c. The greateſt part of the ſouth ſide
ſpecimen of antique workmanſhip, is by no is formed by the hall, which is conſiderably ele-
means equal to that of Wickham at New Col. vated above the reſt of the buildings, and,
lege.
taken as a detached ſtructure, is a noble ſpecimen
The chapel is ſeventy feet in length, and of cient magnificence.---The ſouth, eaſt, and
twenty-five in breadth, with a ſcreen and altar part of the weſt fide, were erected by cardinal
piece of cedar.
Wolſey, as was the kitchen to the ſouth of the
At preſent the members of this college conſiſt hall, which is every way proportionable to the
of one preſident, twenty fellows, two chaplains, reſt of the college.
twenty fcholars, two clerks, two choriſters, and The north, and what remained of the weſt
fix gentlemen commoners.
ſide of this court, was finiſhed in the year 1665.
The ſtatutes ordain that the fellows ſhould be By the marks on the wall, fome ſuppoſe this area
elected from the ſcholars, and the latter from the was ſurrounded by a cloiſter. It is evident that a
counties and dioceſes following, viz. one from cloiſter was deſigned, but it does not appear ever
Lancaſhire, one from Oxfordſhire, two from to have been executed.
Kent, one from Bedfordſhire, one from Wiltſhire, Round the area is a ſpacious terrace walk made
or, in defect of a candidate, the dioceſe of Sa in the year 1665; and in the center a balon and
rum, two from Glouceſterſhire, two from Lin fountain, with a ſtatue of Mercury. On the in-
colnſhire, two from Exeter, two from Bath and fide over the grand entrance, is a ſtatue of queen
Wells, one from Durham, three from Hamp. || Anne: over the arch, in the north eaſt angle,
ſhire, and two from Surry.
another of biſhop Fell; and oppoſite to that at
Chriſt Church College. This college was origi the ſouth eaſt, a ſtatue of Cardinal Wolſey.
nally founded by cardinal Wolſey in the year
Beneath the laſt ftatue is the hall, which con-
1525; but he being impeached of high treaſon tains eight windows on each ſide, and is 120 feet
before the buildings were finiſhed, all the eſtates in length, 40 in breadth, and 80 feet high. It is
and poſſeſſions of this ſociety were forfeited entered by a ſpacious and ſtately ſtair-caſe of
to the king, which put a ſtop to the buildings for ſtone, covered by a beautiful roof built in the
three years, at the end of which time the king || year 1630, which, though very broad, is ſup-
ifſued out letters patent, ordering the building to ported by a ſmall ſingle pillar of fine propor.
be carried on, the original revenues to be ſettled tion.
on the ſociety, and the foundation to be called This hall is probably the largeſt, and certainly
king Henry VIII's college; but being afterwards the moſt ſuperb of any in the kingdom. The
diffatisfied with this appointment, he ſuppreſſed || roof is a noble frame of cimber work, beautified
the inftitution in 1545, and in the year following with near three hundred coats of arms, properly
erected the church of this college into a cathedral, blazoned, and enriched with other decorations of
by the name of the cathedral church of Chriſt || painting, carving and gilding, in the Gothic taſte.
in Oxford, founded by king Henry VIII. and The room has been refitted at a large expence,
ſettled in it a biſhop, dean and eight canons, eight and is adorned with the portraits of many emi-
clerks, eight choriſters, a muſic maſter, an organiſt, nent perſons who have been either educated at,
and forty ſtudents, who were to be choſen yearly or connected with the college.
from Weſtminſter ſchoo).
The church belonging to this college is ſituated
The front of this college is extended to the to the eaſt of the grand quadrangle. It is an
length of 382 feet, and terminated at either end ancient venerable ſtructure, and was originally
by two correſponding turrets. In the center is the church of St. Frideſwide's monaſtery, on or
the grand entrance, whoſe Gothic proportions near the ſite of which the college is erected. The
and ornaments are remarkably magnificent. Over || roof of the choir is a beautiful piece of ſtone
it is a beautiful tower, planned by Sir Chrifto work, put up by Cardinal Wolfey, who likewiſe
pher Wren, and erected by biſhop Fell. It con rebuilt or refitted the ſpire as it now ſtands. The
tains the great bell called Tom, on the found of iſle, on the north of the choir, was the dormi-
which, every night at nine, the ſtudents of the tory of St. Frideſwide's, in which an ancient mo-
whole univerſity are enjoined by ſtatute to repair nument is ſhewn, ſaid to be the tomb of that
to their reſpective ſocieties. The ſpectator cannot ſaint who died in the year 739. Some of the
but obſerve with regret, that this front, perhaps windows are adorned with beautiful paintings,
the nobleſt in the kingdom of the Gothic ſtile, particularly the eaſt and weſt windows, che for-
loſes much of its effect, on account of the de mer of which repreſents the Epiphany; and the
clivity of the ground on which it ſtands, and the latter, St. Peter delivered out of priſon by the
narrowneſs of the approach. It ſeems, however, angel.
probable, that a terrace walk was intended, by Choir ſervice is performed in this cathedral
way of raiſing the ground to a level, the whole twice a day, viz. at ten o'clock in the morning,
length of the college; for the rough foundation and four in the afternoon.
ftones of the hoſpital on the oppoſite fide, left This college or church conſiſts of one dean,
unfiniſhed by Wolſey, ſtill remain bare, and the eight canons, eight chaplains, eight ſinging men,
ſmooth ſtones are terminated by an horizental one organiſt, eight choriſters, and one hundred
right line, to which height che ground would have and one ſtudents.
been elevated.
Trinity College. This college was founded by
Sir

HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
681
Sir Thomas Pope, knight, in the year 1555. It of printed books; the ſecond of manufcripts,
is ſituate oppoſite to the Turt, and has a ſpacious chiefly given by archbiſhop Laud, who, in this
avenue, fenced from the ſtreer by an handſome room, entertained , Charles I. and his court with
iron palliſade, with folding gates, adorned on the an elegant feaſt. In the archieves are many cu-
outſide with the arms of the donor, and the earl rioſities; particularly a drawing of king Charles
of Guilford. Over the gate which leads to the I. which contains the book of pſalms written
front of the college are the arms of the founder, in the lines of the face and hair of the head.
ſurrounded with a wreath of laurel, and ſupported Likewife a picture of St. John the Baptiſt ftained
by the genii of Fame.
in marble.
The chapel is extremely elegant. The ceiling This college conſiſts of one preſident, fifty fel-
is covered with a bold and beautiful ftucco; and lows, two chaplains, one organiſt, five ſinging
the carvings about the ſcreen, which is of men, fix choriſters, and two ſextons; excluſive of
cedar, are very maſterly. Under an alcove near about ſeverity ſtudents.
the alcar, is a fine Gothic tomb, on which are the Jeſus College was founded by Hugh Price, doc-
effigies of the liberal founder and his lady in ala tor of the canon laws, in the univerſity, in the
bafter.
year 1571.
The hall is ſpacious and well proportioned, in In the firſt court is the hall, in which is a
the Gothic ſtyle, and adorned with portraits of || portrait of queen Elizabeth, with a ceiling of
the founder and his lady.
well executed ſtucco; the principal's lodgings, in
The library contains a great number of books, which is a valuable picture of Charles I. at full
among which is a valuable manuſcript of Euclid; length; and the chapel which is handſomely fur-
being a tranſlation from the Arabic into Latin, niſhed and well proportioned.
before the diſcovery of the original Greek, by The library, which is on the weſt ſide of the
Adalardus Bathonienfis, in 1130.
inner court, is a well furniſhed room, and adorn-
This college conſiſts of one preſident, 'twelve ed, among other portraits, with a curious picture
fellows, and twelve ſcholars. Theſe, with the of Doctor Hugh Price, founder of the college.
independent members amount to near feventy. The preſent members of this college conliſt of
St. John Baptiſt's College. This college was one principal, nineteen fellows, and eighteen
founded by Sir Thomas White, alderman of ſcholars; beſides many exhibitioners and inde-
London, in the year 1557. It ſtands in a retired pendent ſtudents.
ſituation, on the north of Baliol and Trinity col Wadham College. The deſign of this building
leges. Before its front is a handſome terrace, was projected by Nicholas Wadham, eſq; but he
faded with a row of lofty elms. It conſiſts of || dying before the commencement of its execution,
two courts, in the firſt of which are the chapel || appointed Dorothy, his wife, to finiſh the ſame,
and hall on the north, and the preſident's lodg which was accordingly done, and opened for the
ings on the eaſt.
admittance of members on the cwelfth of April
The chapel is very elegantly furniſhed. “The 1613.
ſcreen and altar are finiſhed in the Corinthian This college is ſituate in the northern ſuburb,
order. Over the communion table is a beautiful called Holywell, the front being oppoſite to
piece of tapeſtry, repreſenting our Lord breaking || Trinity gardens. The hall is entered by a hand-
bread with the two diſciples at Emmaus, from a ſome portico decorated with the ſtatue of the
famous original of Titian. On the north wall, founder, the foundreſs, James I. and other
eaſtward of the organ, is a marble urn, contain-
It is a ſpacious and lofty room, fur-
ing the heart of doctor Rawlinfon, incloſed in a
niſhed with ſome valuable portraits ; particularly
ſilver veffel, which was placed here according to
a moſt remarkable one of an old woman.
the direction of his laſt will; and is thought to The chapel is ſpacious and venerable. The
be a ſingular curioſity.
eaft window is admirably painted by Van Ling,
The hall is elegantly fitted up in the modern a Durchman; it repreſents the paſſion of our
tafte. The ſcreen is of Portland ftone, in the Lord, and is ſaid to have coft fifteen hundred
Ionic order; and the wainſcot, which is the ſame, pounds. Round the altar is a very ſingular piece
is remarkably beautiful. Over the chimney piece, of painting, the figures of which are finely drawn,
is a picture of St. John the Baptiſt, by Titian ; and have a wonderful effect. The ſubject of the
and at the upper end is a whole length portrait of front is the Lord's ſupper ; on the north, Abra-
the founder, with archbiſhop Laud on the right, ham and Melchiſedeck; and on the ſouth, the
and archbiſhop Juxton on the left.
children of Iſrael gathering manna.
The ſecond court is che deſign of Inigo Jones, The preſene members of this college are, one
and was built in 1635. The eaſt and weft ſides warden, fifteen fellows, and fifteen ſcholars; two
exhibit, each, a beautiful Doric colonade, whoſe chaplains, two clerks, and fixteen exhibitioners.
columns conſiſt of a remarkable ſpecies of ſtone, Pembroke College. This college was found-
ſaid to be dug at Fifield, in Berks. In the center ed by Thomas Tiſdale, of Glimpton, near Wood-
of each colonade are formed two porticos, charg ſtock, gent. in the year 1610. and is fituate di-
ed with a profuſion of embelliſhments. Over theſe, rectly oppoſite the grand gate of Chriſt church.
on each ſide, are two good ftatues in braſs ; that At the entrance, on the right hand, are the maf-
on the eaſt of Charles I. and chat on the weſt, of cer's lodgings, which make a handſome appear-
ance, and are large and convenient. From the
The library is formed from the upper ſtories of firſt quadrangle, which, though ſmall, is near
the ſouth and eaſt ſides. The firſt diviſion conſiſts and uniform, we are led, by the north weſt angle,
59
8 K
ornaments.
his queen.
into
7.4

682
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON.
into the hall, which is very handſome, and a fcholars. The number of members in the whole
dorned with pictures of the founder and bene-
is about thirty.
factors.
Excluſive of the above colleges, there are in
The chapel, which is ſituated on one ſide of the univerſity of Oxford, five halls, viz.
an irregular area, is a modern edifice of the Ionic 1. Magdalen Hall This hall is almoſt conti-
order. The altar is greatly admired for its neat. guous to Magdalen college on the weſt. A prin-
neſs, and the whole is elegantly finiſhed, and cipal part of it is the grammar ſchool for the cho.
properly adorned. It was built by contribution, riſters of Magdalen college, erected by the foun.
and confecrated in 1732.
der, William of Wainfleet, for that purpoſe
To the weſt of the chapel is the garden, in alone. In this hall lord Clarendon, the celebrat-
which is a pleaſant common room, and an agree-
ed hiſtorian, received his education. It has
able terrace walk, formed on the city wall. a well furniſhed library, with a neat chapel and
To this college belong one maſter, fourteen
refectory.
fellows, and upwards of thirty ſcholars and ex Oppoſite to this hall Edmund earl of Cornwall
hibitioners.
founded a ſmall houſe and chapel for Trinitarian
Worceſter College. This college was endowed friars, of the redemption of caprives, in 1291,
by Sir Thomas Cooke of Afley, near the city in which, and in a chapel dedicated to the crinity,
of Worceſter, in the year 1714. It is ſituated within Eaſt-gate, the brethren of this order, and
at the extremity of the weſtern ſuburb, on an ſeveral poor ſcholars who lived upon alms, con-
eminence which deſcends to the river and mea tinued till near the time of the general diffolution.
dows. The grand court, or area, conſiſts of 2. New Inn Hall. This hall is ſituated near
three ſides, all of which are finiſhed in the mo St. Peter's church in the Bailey towards the caſtle.
dern taſte.
It was conſigned to ſtudents by John Trillock, bi-
The library is a beautiful Ionic edifice, one ſhop of Hereford, in the year 1345, and is emi-
hundred feet in length, ſupported by a ſpacious nent for the education of many learned civilians.
cloiſter. It is furniſhed with a fine collection of Nearly oppoſite to this hall ſtands part of the
books given by doctor Clarke, formerly fellow gateway of St. Mary's college, in which Eraſmus
of All Soul's College. The greateſt curioſity in for ſometime reſided. It was founded in the year
this room is Inigo Jones's palliſadio, with his own 1437 for novices of the Auguſtin order, and ſup.
manuſcript notes in Italian.
preffed at the reformation.
On entering the college we have on each ſide, Alban Hall. This hall joins to Merton college
the chapel and hall, both of which are fifty feet on the eaſt. It appears to have been a houſe of
in length, and twenty-nine in breadth. On the || learning in the reign of Edward I. and received
the whole, this houſe, when executed accord its name from Robert de St. Alban, a citizen of
ing to the plan, will be a well diſpoſed elegant | Oxford, who, in the reign of Henry III. con-
ſtructure.
veyed this tenement to the nuns of Littlemore.
The fociety at preſent conſiſts of one provoſt, The front is decent, and was erected by Benedict
twenty fellows, and ſeventeen ſcholars.
Barnham, alderman of London, in the year 1595.
Hertford College. This college was originally It has a ſmall refectory but no chapel.
called Hart-hall, but being endowed by the late 4. St. Mary Hall. This hall is ſituate to the ſouth
doctor Richard Newton, for a principal, four ſe of St. Mary's church, in Oriel-lane. It conſiſts
nior fellows, or tutors, and junior fellows, or aſ of an elegant little court, which encloſes a neat
fiftants, beſides a certain number of ſtudents, or garden; and has a library, with a handſome,
ſcholars, was, upon the eighth of September, though ſmall chapel, and refectory.
1740, erected to a college, by the name of Hert 5. St. Edmund's Hall. This hall is contiguous
ford college.
to the eaſt part of Queen's college. It was firſt
It is ſituate oppoſite the grand gate of the eſtabliſhed about the reign of Edward II. and
ſchools, and conſiſts of one irregular court, which was conſigned to Queen's college in the year
has been lately beautified from a fund raiſed for 1557. It has a library, refectory and chapel,
that purpoſe by the late principal. Part of this which are all very neat and commodious.
court conſiſts of a ſmall quantity of modern Oxford fends' four members to parliament,
buildings, viz. the ſouth eaſt angle, and the viz. two for the city and two for the univerſity.
chapel erected about thirty years ſince, in the ſtile It has two markets, one on Wedneſday, and the
of which the whole college is to be rebuilt. other on Saturday. Alſo three annual fairs, viz.
Here are one principal, four ſenior fellows, or the third of May, the firſt Monday in Septem-
affiftants, beſides a certain number of ſtudents or ber, and the Thurſday before Michaelmas.
APPENDI X.

Α Ρ Ρ Ε Ν DI X
O
Being a continuation of our Hiſtory from September 1769, to the year 1770.
N the twenty-ninth of September 1769, I choice; ſixteen of whom ſcratched for Mr. Beck-
came on at Guildhall, the election of || ford, and only fix for Trecothick; whereupon
two perſons to be returned by the livery the former was declared to be legally choſen.
to che court of aldermen for their choice of one On this declaration Mr. Beckford pleaded his
to ſerve the office of Lord-mayor of the city of age and infirmities, and wiſhed, as he had before
London for the year enſuing. The perſons no intreated them, that they had choſen Mr. Treco-
minated were William Beckford, eſq; Barlow thick, and at the fame time declaring that he muſt
Trecothick, eſq; and Sir Henry Bankes.
decline it. This was received by the livery with
Various diſputes aroſe between the livery and every mark of diſcontent. They vehemently
the city officers reſpecting the legality of Mr. perfifted in their refufal to liſten to any excuſe
Beckford's nomination. The town clerk and whatever. And ſo determined were they to ob-
common ſerjeant warmly objected to it, and pro. tain their ends, that the next day, October, 13,
duced an obſolete by-law of the corporacion made a great number of them, together with the two
in the reign of Henry VI. which imported, ſheriffs, waited on Mr. Beckford, and in the
" that it was agreed between the aldermen and ſtrongeſt terms of reſpect, ſollicited with much
commonalty, that on account of the heavy importunity, that he would, at that important
“ burden, the encreaſed expence, and particular || criſis, ſerve the office of Lord-mayor for the year
s circumſtances of thoſe cimes, no perſon ſhould enſuing, to which dignity lie had been a ſecond
"o be re-choſen to ſerve the office of Lord-mayor time elected. Mr. Beckford yielded to their
66 within the term of ſeven years after his former earneſt requeft, and warmeſt deſires and wiſhes;
" mayoralty.”. To this the livery replied, that and told them, that notwithſtanding his advanced
there were precedents fince that cime to the con years, with all his açtendane infirmities, and giv-
trary, and particularly that of Sir John Barnard, ing up his eaſe and repoſe, he would devote him.
who having ſerved the office of Lord mayor in felf to the ſervice of the city of London, as
1737, was re-elected to the ſame office in the year well as the nation in general, by accepting the
1740. This precedent being undeniable, and no office.
anſwer given to it, Mr. ſheriff Townſhend told In confequence of this anſwer, on the 8th
the livery that he thought it his duty to take no of November Mr. Beckford was ſworn into his
tice to them of the impoſition attempted to be office at Guildhall, in the preſence of the Lord-
put upon him and them by their ſervants, the mayor, ſeveral aldermen, the two ſheriffs, &c.
town clerk and common ferjeant; that as not when the enſigns of mayoralty were ſurrendered
ſuppoſing them capable of an action of that kind, to him in the uſual manner. The next day, the gth
he had before given his opinion to the livery on of November his lord ſhip, together with Samuel
the objection their ſervants had raiſed to their Turner, eſq; the late mayor, attended by fix of
wiſhes, ſo he now declared the objection entirely che aldermen, and two ſheriffs, ſet out from
overchrown.
Guildhall in a very grand proceſſion to the Three
Mr. Sawbridge, the other ſheriff, with great Cranes, from whence they proceeded in the city
humanity, endeavoured to appeaſe the minds of || barge to the court of Exchequer at Weſtminſter,
the livery, and to mitigate the fault of the com where his lordſhip was ſworn into his office with
mon ferjeant. The nomination then took place; the accuſtomed formality. The dignity and
and after Mr. Beckford and the ſeveral aldermen || ſplendor of the proceſſion was confiderably
below the chair had been nominated, the ſheriffs heightened by the ſtate coach, which was mag-
declared the ſhew of hands to be for Meſſrs. nificently adorned and drawn by a fine ſet of new
Beckford and Trecochick. A poll, however, be foreign horſes, preceded by eight footmen in very
ing afterwards demanded for Sir Henry Bankes, || rich liveries. The cover to the coach box was
the ſame commenced immediately, and was con crimfon velvet curiouſly wrought; on the front,
tinued till che ſixth of O&tober following, when, the ſides, and the back part were encloſed the city
being finiſhed, the numbers appeared as fol arms and choſe of the ironmongers company, the
low :
cap of liberty, and various flowers of gold, with
For William Beckford, 1967.
a fringe of gold round the edges. The whole
Barlow Trecothick, 1911.
proceſſion was exceeding brilliant, and the enter-
Sir Henry Bankes, 676.
tainment at Guildhall more ſplendid than had been
known for many years on a like occaſion.
In conſequence of this, the two former were On the roth of November came on in the
preſented to the court of aldermen for their choice court of common pleas, Weſtminſter, a trial be-
of one of them. And at another meeting held the tween lord Halifax and John Wilkes, efq; on an
next day it was determined to receive the ſheriff's action brought by the latter againſt the former
return, and the aldermen proceeded to their for illegally ſeizing his perſon and papers ; when
after
2

A P P E N D I X.
66
after many learned arguments by the council on
both ſides, a verdict was found for the plaintiff,
with 4000l damages. The populace were ſo in-
cenſed at this verdict (the damages having been
laid at 20,000l.) that the jury were obliged to
make their retreat the back way, with ſcarce time
to take their fees, and without being invited to
the accuſtomed refreſhment of dinner.
On the 6th of March, 1770 purſuant to a pre-
cept iſſued by the Lord-mayor, a common hall
of the livery of London was held at Guildhall,
in order to conſider of a renionſtrance to his ma-
jeſty, reſpecting the grievances complained of in
a petition preſented the 5th of July laſt. His
lordſhip opened the bulineſs of the meeting in a
ſpirited manly addreſs to the livery, He told
them that theſe cauſes of complaint were not to be
attributed to the king ; that we had the beſt of
princes; that the enjoyment of our preſent liber-
ties was owing to the illuſtrious houſe of Brunf-
wick; and that it was only under their influence
and ſovereignty we could hope to preſerve then.
He aſſerted, that it was to evil counſellors only
that many of the preſent national calamities were
to be attributed; and he concluded with exhort-
ing every perſon preſent to maintain order, deco-
rum and regularity.
After his lordſhip had done Mr. Lovell ſtep-
ped forward and addreſſed the common-hall in a
ſenſible elegant ſpeech, in which he informed them
of the meaſures that himſelf and the reſt of the
committee had taken, and pointed out the necef-
ſity of the preſent meeting.
He told them that the city not having been
honoured by his majeſty with an anſwer, and the
fame ſort of bad men and bad meaſures ſtill pre-
vailing and increaſing, it was neceſſary now to
fend up a remonftrance. He then ſaid that the
committee had prepared a remonftrance, which,
if it was their pleaſure, he would deliver to the
Lord-mayor to be by him given to the proper of-
ficer to be read to them.
The livery teſtifying their approbation, Sir
James Hodges, the town clerk, came forward,
and read it, the purport of which was as fol-
" ſures attempted by James II. That if the
parliament of James II. had been as compli-
"s ant and ſubſervient to that prince, as a ſuble-
quent one was to the views of the miniſter, the
so clamour of his minions for its meeting would
" have been as loud as the outcries were for the
or other's diffolution. And concluded with pray-
ing his majeſty to diffolve the parliament."
The remonſtrance was received by the livery
with the greateſt acclamations of joy. And on
the 14th the right honourable the Lord-mayor,
attended by the two ſheriffs, the aldermen Treco.
chick and Stephenſon, the city officers, the
committee of the livery, and about 120 com-
mon-councilmen, went in proceſſion from Guild-
hall to St. James's, to preſent the ſame to
his majeſty, amidſt the acclamations of a valt
multitude of ſpectators affembled on the occa-
fion.
At two o'clock they were intoduced to his ma-
jeſty, who received them ſeated on the throne.
Sir James Hodges the town clerk, then read the
remonftrance , to his majeſty very properly and
diſtinctly, and with a ſuitable and judicious em-
phaſis. To which is majeſty was pleaſed to re-
curn the following anſwer:
&
" I ſhall always be ready to receive the requeſts,
66 and to liſten to the complaints of my ſubjects;
but it gives me great concern to find, that any
" of them ſhould have been ſo far miled as to
offer me an addreſs and remonſtrance, the con-
" tents of which I cannot but conſider as difre-
ſpectful to me, injurious to parliament, and
“ irreconcileable to the principles of the confti-
66 tution.
o I have ever made the law of the land the
“ rule of my conduct, eſteeming it my chief
“ glory to reign over a free people. With this
view I have always been careful, as well to ex-
« ecute faithfully the truſt repoſed in me, as to
« avoid even the appearance of invading any
of
" thoſe powers which the conſtitution has placed
s in other hands. It is only by perſevering in
“ ſuch a conduct, that I can either diſcharge my
own duty, or ſecure to my ſubjects the free
enjoyment of thoſe rights which my family
6 were called to defend ; and while I act upon
" theſe principles, I ſhall have a right to expect,
66 and I am confident I ſhall continue to receive,
" the ſteady and affectionate ſupport of my peo-
ple.”
Remonftrances of the like nature have been
preſented from the city of Weſtminſter and
county of Middleſex; and others are in agita-
tion at this time (April 1770) in almoſt all parts
of the kingdom. What the event will be time
only can diſcover.
lows :
66
" That the petitioners had in a former peti-
« tion laid their grievances before his majeſty,
“ whom they conſidered as the father of his
people. That their complaints had been ſlight-
ed, their grievances confirmed, and the only
judge who was removeable at the pleaſure of
the crown (meaning lord chancellor Camden)
“ had been diſmiſſed for his conduct in parlia-
66
66
ment.
os That the ſame ſecret and malign influence
66 had effected a meaſure which would prove
more ruinous than the tax of ſhip money levi-
ed by Charles I. or any of the arbitrary mea-
F I N I S.
E R R A T U M.
In the deſcription of the French hoſpital, p. 606, inſtead of the ſecond paragraph, read thus :
“ This hoſpital contains about two hundred and twenty poor helpleſs men and women, all of whom are upon
6 the foundation, and are plentifully ſupplied with the neceſſaries of life at the expence of the hoſpital. This
66 charity likewiſe extends to lunatics, for whoſe accommodation a large infirmary is provided.”
INDEX.

Ι Ν D Ε Χ.
A
CT of common-council for regulating provi St. Paul's, ib. ſends a letter to the Lord.mayor, 278.
ſions, 61. for veſting the election of mayors and
her death, 279:
ſheriffs in the livery of the ſeveral companies Anne, St. Alderſgate, 449.
of the city, 131. for prohibiting goods or
Soho, 6oo.
merchandize being brought to markets or fairs, 137.
Limehouſe, 610.
for erecting a court of conſcience, 184. concerning Anſeatic company diſſolved, 201.
freemen and apprentices, 186. for preventing luxury, Anthony St. 497
203. 207. againſt employing foreigners, 203, reſpect Antiquarian ſociety incorporated, 337
ing plays, 206. againſt hawkers and pedlars, 210.213. Apothecaries permitted to employ foreigners, 365. com-
againſt ſelling proviſions in the ſtreets, 224. for better
pany and hall, 526.
fortifying the city, 241. about carmen and wood Apprentices, city, enliſt for ſoldiers, 241. indemnified
mongers, 251. for widening the ſtreets, ib. for
pre by parliament, ib.
venting fires, 258. concerning cars, carts, &c. 264. Archery inſtituted, 77. eſtabliſhed by charter, 192.
about weighing at the king's beam, ib. againſt hawk Armourers company and hall, 492.
ers and pedlars, 272. 273. for regulating elections, ib. Aſſociations, 320.
for better regulating the city watch, 274. againſt em Aſylum, the, 570.
ploying non-freemen, 278. for better lighting the city, Atkinſon, Margaret, her remarkable will, 193.
281. 298. for regulating bakers, 297. for electing || Auguſtin, St. 515.
ſheriffs, 326. to licence foreigners, 332.
B.
At of parliament to prevent ufury, 58. againſt wheat | B Akers puniſhed, 49; Jaws for regulating them, 57.
being made into malt, 64. for laying open the fiſh 297. company and hall, 504.
trade, 86. to remove-lay-ſtalls, 115. concerning the Balliage duties, 232.
ſale of fiſh, 121. againſt killing any beaſt within the Balmerino, lord, beheaded, 321.
city walls, 137. for empowering the ſheriffs to im Bank, the, 473.
pannel juries, 183. for the conſervation of the Thames, Banſted, village of, 634.
191. 192. for paving the ſtreets, 193. againit combi Barbers company and hall, 505.
nations of journeymen and labourers, 194. againſt Barges, when firſt uſed on Lord-mayor's day, 125.
hawkers and pedlars, 203. for enlarging the power of Barkin, town of, 634.
the court of conſcience, 211. for rebuilding the city, Barnard, Sir John, reſigns the office of alderman, 364.
257. for preventing accidents by fire, 274. for build Barnet, town of, 634.
ing fifty new churches, 275. for performing quarantine. Bartholomew, St. Exchange, 474..
.
283. about party walls, 285. for regulating the watch,
Hoſpital, 538.
299. for extending the powers of the court of con-
the Leſs, ib.
ſcience, 308. for better lighting the city, 318. for re-
the Great, 539.
gulating carts, ib. for eſtabliſhing a court of con-
Bafſiſhaw ward and contents, 456.
ſcience in Weſtminſter, 331. another in the Tower Batterſea, village of, 615.
Hamlets, ib. for preventing thefts and robberies, 338. Beckfotd, William, his ſpeech to the livery, 391. choſen
for the relief of conſtables 350. to remove the Borough mayor, 385. 683
market, 354. for building Black-friars bridge, 355. Beggars baniſhed, 182.
for repairing London-bridge, 358. for preſerving the Belvidere houſe, 640.
ſmall fry in the Thames, 363. for making the city
Bencroft's alms-houſes, 609.
road, 375. for regulating the price of fiſh, 383. about Bennet, St. Graſschurch, 469.
party walls, and preventing fire, 394. to prohibit the
Fink, 474.
importation of foreign ſilks, 406. for lighting and
· Paul's Wharf, 480.
cleanſing the city, 407.
Bernard's Inn, 523.
[mayor, 77
Accidents, fatal, 222. 247. 299. 331. 333.
Berneye, Walter, fined for not ſerving the office of Lord-
Addington, village of, 632.
Bethlehem hoſpital, 493.
Admiralty office, 587.
Billingſgate, firſt made a market for fiſh, 273, ward and
Alban, St. Wood-ſtreet, 21. 503.
contents, 458.
Alban's, St. town of 632.
Biſhopſgate, deſcription of, 11. repaired, 58. ward and
Aldermen, committed to priſon, 54. 229. nomination contents, 460.
of, right in whom, 272. conteſted election 310. Blackfriars, 58.
Alderſgate, deſcription of, 13. rebuilt, 221. pulled down, Blackſmiths company and hall, 550.
410. ward and contents, 447.
Blackwell Hall, 457.
Aldgate, deſcription of, 11. pulled down, 410. ward Blackheath, 635.
and contents 451.
Blandy, Miſs, executed for poiſoning her father, 339.
Alehouſes, number of reduced, 206.
Blechingly, Borough of, 636.
Allhallows, Bread-ſtreet, 466.
Boleyn, queen Anne, beheaded in the Tower, 192.
London Wall, 471.
Boſworth, Mr. elected chamberlain, 297.
the Great, 511.
Botolph, St. Alderſgate, 448.
Lombard-ſtreet, 540.
Biſhopſgate, 462.
Staining, 543
Aldgate, 545.
Barking, 553
Bow, 616.
Alphage, St. 502
Bradby, John, burnt in Smithfield, 118.
American Stamp act, diſputes concerning it, 406. Bread-ſtreet ward and contents, 466.
Andrew St. Underſhafts 453.
Brentford, town of, 616.
Wardrobe, 484.
Brewers company and hall, 504.
Holbourn, 523.
Brewere, John, beheaded in Cneapfide, 73.
Anne, queen, her acceſſion to the throne, 274. goes to Bricklayers company and hall, 455.
Bridewell,
59
a
.

I N D
E X.
Bridewell, 528
Bride's, St. 529.
Bridge ward and contents, 468.
Without, 560.
Bridge, London, 26. 27. 30.-34. toll thereon, 58.
damaged by froft, 59. temporary bridge burnt, 364.
Blackfriars, 371. 373. Weſtminſter built, 301. de-
ſcription of ib.
Bridge-gate, its origin, 18.
Broad-ſtreet ward and contents, 470.
Bromley, town of, 616.
Brownrig, Elizabeth, 413.
Buckingham, duke, his ſpeech to the citizens, 133. 134.
Buildings, new, prohibited, 207. 213. 217. 248.
Bunhill-fields converted to the uſe of the London ar-
chers. 138.
Butler, chief, the office of firſt claimed, 81,
Butchers, company and hall, 460.
Byng, admiral, his trial and execution, 361.
Byron, William lord, tried for murder, 399.
C.
CADE, Jack, his rebellion, 124. beheads lord Say,
ib. city gates ſhut againſt him, 125. killed, ib.
Cameron, Dr. Archibald, his execution, 349.
Candlewick ward and contents, 477.
Cambridge, town of, and univerſity, 664.
Canning, Elizabeth, 340.
Canterbury, archbiſhop of, committed to the Tower,
269.
Carolina, princeſs Elizabeth, her death and interment,
367.
Carolina Matilda, princeſs, married, 411.
Carpenters company and hall, 471.
Caſhiſbury, village of, 637.
Caſtle Baynard ward and contents, 479.
Catherine, St. Coleman church, 454.
Cree, 455
Tower, 613
Chamberlain, choice of veſted in the crown, 41. con-
teſt reſpecting the election of, 297. how choſen,
439. court, 446.
Champion of England, firſt, 81.
Champion, Sir George, ſet aſide from being mayor,
304.
Chapels, liſt of, 613.
Chapter-houſe, 521.
Charſhalton, village of, 636.
Charlton, village of, 616.
Charles I. proclaimed, 223. crowned, ib. demands a
loan of the city, ib. commands them to furniſh twenty
ſhips of war, ib. entertained with a maſquerade by
the inns of court, 224. at Merchant Taylor's hall,
ib. grants a charter, 226. a ſecond charter, 229. re-
turns from Scotland, 237. his ſpeech to the common-
council, 239. brought to trial, 247. beheaded, ib.
Charles II. proclaimed, 250. public entry, ib. crowned,
ib. grants a charter, 251. entertained at Guildhall,
and accepts the freedom of the city,. 263. his death,
269,
Charters by William the Conqueror, 25. Henry I. 26.
Richard I. 35. 37. John 39. 40. 41. 42. Henry III.
46. 48. 53. 54. Edward I. 60. Edward II. 62. 67.
Edward III. 68. 70. 72. 75. 78. 79. Richard II. 81.
Edward IV. 127. 132. Henry VII. 181. Henry VIII.
187. James I. 211. 214. 219. Charles I. 226. 229.
George II. 310.
Charter-houſe, foundation of, 217:
Cheap ward and contents, 485.
Cheapfide croſs rebuilt, 122. almoſt deſtroyed, 207.
taken down, 24.1.
Chelſea, village of, 616.
Chertſey, 637.
Cheſhunt, ib.
Cheſwick, 618.
Chipping Ongar, 638.
Chriſtopher, St. 472.
Chriſt church, Newgate ſtreet, 515.
Southwark, 566.
Spitalfields, 608.
Chriſt's Hoſpital, 201. 516.
Churches, number of pariſh, 127.
Clare Market, 582.
Clement, St. Eaſtcheap, 478,
Danes, 581.
Clements Inn, 581.
Cliefdon Houſe, 664.
Clifford's Inn, 532.
Clothworkers company and hall, 553.
Coachmakers company and hall, 450.
Coalheavers, their riotous proceedings, 418. 419. 421
Coals, price of regulated, 325.
Coal-meters, regulation of, 279. office, 551.
Cobham, village of, 638.
Cock-lane ghoſt, 380.
Coleman-ftreet ward and contents, 491.
College of Phyſicians, 519.
Colnbrook, village of, 638.
Combinations, 209. 317,
Common council, how elected, 88.439. regulation for
the choice of, 263, court of, 446.
Common Hunt, his office, 440.
Crier, ib.
Serjeant, ib.
Conduits erected, 46. 59. 121. 191. 194. repaired,
122. 206.
Conjuror, Bottle, 328.
Conſcience, Court of, 211. 444.
Conſervacy, Court of, 445.
Conſpiracy againſt the duke of Glouceſter, 112. defeat-
ed, ib. againſt Henry IV. 117. for deſtroying the city
of London, 263
Cooks
company
and hall, 449.
Coopers company and hall 457.
Cordwainers-ſtreet, ward and contents, 495. company
and hall 467
Cornhill ward and contents, 498.
Corniſh, alderman, hanged in Cheapfide, 269.
Corn ſcarce, 64, 122. 185. 203,
Corn exchange, 553:
Coronation, firſt in London, 22.
Coroner, office of, 440. court, 446,
Crayford, village of, 638.
Cripplegate, deſcription of, 12. ward and contents, 501.
Cromwell, Oliver, 248.
Croydon, village of, 639.
Cumberland, William duke of, defeats the rebels, 321.
preſented with the freedom of the city, ib, his death,
402. interment and character, ib.
Curriers company and hall, 503.
Cuſtom houſe, 552.
Cutlers company and hall, 557.
D.
D
AGGER in the city arins firſt granted, 86.
Danes invade England, 20. mafſacred, 22,
Darkneſs, great, 45. 363.
Dartford town of, 639.
Datchet, village of, 640.
Dearth, great, 28. 195. 204.
Debtors diſcharged by proclamation, 210.
Denmark, king of, viſits England, 423. entertained at
the Manſion houſe, ib.
Deptford, village of, 575.
Dionis, St. 542.
Diſtemper, peſtilential, 64. 119. 132. 185. 294.
among the horned cattle, 193.
Diflenters refuſe to ſerve ſheriff, 351.
Doctors Commons, 482.
Dowgate, its origin, 18. ward and contents, 508.
Drapers company and hall, 472.
Dreſs or apparel regulated, 207,
Ducket, Lawrence, hung in Bow ſteeple, 59.
Dulwich, village of, 620.
college founded, 222.
Dunſtan St. in the Weſt, 532
in

1 N
X.
DE
Se on one siden startar me in the Faſt, 55T.
Folkmote, 49. 50. 51. 53:
Dyers company and hall, 512,
Foreſtalling prohibited, 55,
Foreigners, number of, 205. 207.
E.
Founders company and hall, 493.
Earthquake, violent, 47. 58. 207. 333. 335.
Foundling hoſpital, licence for erecting it, 309, itd
Eaſt India houfe, 544.
foundation by whom undertaken, ib. deſcription of,
Eclipſe of the Sun, 28. 288.
ibid.
Edmund, St. the king, 54.0.
Frederick, prince, free of the city, 298. his death and
Edward the black prince brings the king of France pri-
burial, 335:
ſoner to England, 75,
Free Britiſh Fiſhery, ſociety of incorporated, 334.
Edward I. his reception into London, 56. removes the French proteſtants ſettle in London, 269.
court of exchequer to Guildhall, 59. confirms the French hoſpital, 606,
rights and privileges of the citizens, 60.
chapels, liſt of, 615.
Edward II, his public entry, 62. grants a charter, ib. Froſt, great, 28. 41.51. 56. 58. 121. 183. 205. 213.
Edward III. his charter for confirming the liberties and 269. 281. 308. 411. 415 416.
cuſtoms of the citizens, 68. other charters, 70. 72. Fulham, village of, 620.
75, 78. 79. his death, 81.
Furnival's Inn, 523.
Edward IV. proclaimed, 127. crowned, ib. grants a
charter, ib.
G
Edward V. his acceſſion, 132. ſeized by the duke of GA
ABRIEL St. Fenchurch, 4601
Glouceſter, ib. ſent to the tower, ib, he and his bro Gallows, ten of them erected in London, 184,
ther murdered there, 136.
Gates, city, pulled down. 410.
Edward VI. crowned, 194. grants a charter, 195. founds Gatton, village of, 642.
Chriſt's hoſpital, 201. his death, ib.
George I. proclaimed, 279, public entry, ib. dines at
Egham, town of, 640.
Guildhall, ib. ſets out for Hanover, 292. dies on his
Elizabeth, queen, her acceffion to the throne, 203, journey, ib.
public entry, 204. preſented by the citizens with a George II. proclaimed, 292, entertained by the citizens,
purſe of gold, ib, reviews the citizens in Greenwich ib. grants a charter, 310. his death, 372.
park, ib. dines with Sir Thomas Greſham, 206. gives George III. born, 301. proclaimed 372. his marriage and
name to the Royal Exchange, ib.
coronation, 376. 377. dines at Guildhall, 378, his
Eltham, town of, 620.
ftatue put up in the Royal Exchange, 380.
Empfom and Dudley beheaded on Tower-hill, 182, George, St. Botolph-lane, 459.
Embroiderers company and hall, 514.
Şouthwark, 570.
Engliſh copper office, 509.
Hanover-ſquare, 599.
Entertainment of the royal family by the citizens, 80,
Bloomſbury, 602.
Entry, public, of Edward the black prince, 75. of the
Queen's ſquare, ib.
French ambaſſadors, 194. of queen Elizabeth, 204,
In the Eaſt, 612, 501
of the Venetian ambaſſadors, 388.
19
George's, St. Hoſpital, 597. veebro
Epſom, town of, 640.
German chapels, liſt of, 615.
Erith, village of, ib.
Gerards hall inn, 467.
30.12
Eſcheater, court of, 446.
: || Giles, St. Cripplegate, 506.
Eſher, village of, 641.
in the Fields, 601.
Effex, earl of, beheaded in the Tower, 210.
Girdlers company and hall, 457.
Ethelburga, St. 462.
Glovers company and hall, 507.
Eton, town of, 641.
Glouceſter, duke of, murdered, 123,
Exchange, Royal, founded, 205. te
G'yn, Mr. ferjeant, choſen member for Middleſex, 426.
Exciſe office, 487.
Godſchall, Sir Robert, 304, 309, 310,
Scheme, 292
Gold, firſt coined in England, 49, 50.
Exeter, biſhop of, beheaded, 67.
Goldſmiths and merchant taylors, diſpute between them,
Exchange, 584.
in which many citizens are killed, 56.
Goldſmiths and cutlers, diſpute between them, 118.
F
Row, 224.
Company and hall, 449.
Famine, 23. 26. 50. 56. 186. 210.
I Graneries, public, 217,
Farringdon made two wards, 116.
Gravehend, town of, 642. og
ward Within, 512.
Gray's Inn, 603.
Without, 527
Gregory, St. 481.
Fees taken by officers, 228.
Greenwich-hoſpital, 576.
Ferrers, lord, his trial and execution, 369.
Greſham, Sir Thomas, erects the Royal Exchange,
Fever, malignant, 203, 312.
205. his will, ib. college taken down, 413.
Fires, 20, 25, 26, 32. 45. 181. 182. 204. 253. 282. Grey-coat Hoſpital, 308.
299. 319. 325. 330. 331. 338. 354. 357. 361. 368. Grey, lady Jane, proclaimed queen, 201. beheaded,
373. 374. 380. 385, 389, 390. 396. 399. 400. 401.
ib.
403. 410. 412. 415. 416. 420. 421: 422. 435.
Grocers company and hall, 487
Fire-works, 329:
Guildhall founded, 118. entertainment firſt held there,
Fiſher, John, biſhop of Rocheſter, beheaded on Tower 138. deſcription of, 488.
hill, 191.
Guy's Hoſpital, 292. 569.
Fiſh, price of, 57. preſervation, 363.
H.
Fiſhery, laws reſpecting it, 38.
Filhmongers, their trade laid open, 86. company and H Aberdaſhers company and hall, 504,
hall, 469. almíhouſes, 572.
almſhouſes, 607.
Fitz Alwin, firſt lord-mayor, 41.
Hackney coaches, 225. 248. 250.
Fitz-Oſbert's inſurrection, 36, executed in Smithfield,
Coach office, 582.
ibid.
Town of 620.
Fleet Market, 292. 527.
Hail, violent ſtorm of, 263.
Hallmote, court of 446.
Flies, ſhower of, 275.
Hampſtead, village of, 621.
Fletchers company and hall, 453
Hampton court, deſcription of, 643:
Hand
St. 515:
FAITH,
, 5.5
Priſon, 527

IN N D
X.
E
327:
Hand in hand Fire-office, 536.92 w Jews maſſacred, 34. fynagogues deſtroyed, 52. 59. act
Harriſon, Mr. chofen chamberlain, 336.
for their naturalization, 350, diſputes about it, ib.
Harrow on the Hill, 645.
Jews Synagogues, liſt of, 615.
Haſtings, lord, beheaded in the Tower, 133.
Innholders company and hall, 512.
Hatfield, town of, 646.
Inns of court, 522, 523. 532.581. 582. 601. 603, 620.
Haunſart, Thomas, beheaded in Cheapfide, 73.
Inſtruclions to repreſentatives in parliament. See
Heathcote, alderman, his ſpeech to the Lord-mayor, &c. London.
Inundations, uncommon, 413.
Helen's, Great St. 461.
John, King, grants four charters to the citizens, 39. 40.
Little, St. ib.
41. fummons a parliament at Bridewell, 41. grants
Henley, Orator, 291.
another charter, 42.
Henry I's. charter for ſecuring the liberties of the citi John, king of France, brought priſoner to London, 75.
zens, 27
received in great ſtate by the citizens, ib.
Henry Il's method of receiving money in London, 28. John, St. the Evangeliſt, Southwark, 563.
Henry III. his pulic entry into London, 44. confirms
Weſtminſter, 590.
Magna Charta, 45. his marriage with queen Eleanor,
Wapping, 613
and their public entry into London, ib. extorts money Joyners company and hall, 512.
from the citizens, 46. grants them a charter, ib. Iriſh eſtate granted to London, 217, 218. forfeited, 228.
others, 48. 53. 54.
reſtored, 250.
Henry IV. crowned, 117. his death, 119. IN Ironmongers. company and hall, 454.
Henry V. his acceſſion to the throne, 119. conſpiracy Illeworth, village of, 621.
againſt him, ib. pawns his crown, ib. his death 120. Illington, village of, 623.
Henry VI's acceſſion, 120. his reception into London, Jurymen puniſhed for taking bribes, 131, qualification
121, taken priſoner 125.
for the office, 193
Henry VII. enters the city in great ſtate, 137. goes to Juſtice Hall court, 446.
St. Paul's, and delivers up the ſtandard taken at the
battle of Boſworth, ib. entertains the lord-mayor
K.
and aldermen, ib. grants a charter of confirma KENSINGTON, village of, 623.
tion, 181.
Kew, village of, 625.
Henry VIII. proclaimed, 182. his entrance into the Kilmarnock, lord, beheaded, 322.
city, ib.' attends the pompous march of the city King's-bench priſon, 570.
watch, ib. grants a charter for removing the ſeſſions Kingſton, town of, 646.
of peace, to Guildhall, 185. entertains the Emperor
Charles V. ib. king and queen of Denmark, ib.
L.
forbids all intercourſe with Rome, 187. entertained L Amb, Doctor, murdered, 223.
at Ely-houſe, ib. grants a ſecond charter, ib. reviews Lamb's conduit, 206.
the citizens, 189. 192. eſpouſes Anne Boleyn, ib. Lancaſter, dutchy of, 580.
invites the lord-mayor, &c. to the chriſtening of his Lancaſter, duke of, difference between him and the ci-
daughter Elizabeth, 191. borrows money of the citi tizens, 80, 81, reconciled to them, 82,
zens, 193. extorts money from them, ib.
Langbourn-ward and contents, 539.
Heralds office, 480.
Lawrence, St. Jewry, 490.
Hertford, town of, 645.
Poultney, 478.
Hewett's, Sir William, daughter, how ſaved and mar Laws againſt uſurers, 78.
ried, 204
Lawyers addreſs and aſſociation, 320, form themſelves
Hicks's Hall firſt built, 218.
INTO
into a regiment, ib.
Highgate, village of, 621.
Leadenhall built, 119. Market, 543.
Hoare, Sir Richard, his ſpeech to the livery, 321. Leatherhead, town of, 646.
Hoddeſdon, town of, 646.
Leatherſellers company and hall, 461.
Holland, Mr. his verdict, 351. certificate, 353. Legge, Henry Billon preſented with the freedom of the
Honey-lane market, 259.485.
city, 363
Horſe Guards, 588.
Leonard, St. Shoreditch, 607.
Hoſpitals, City, ſtate of them, 412.
Foſter-lane, 516.
Hounſlow, village of, 646.
Eaſtcheap, 469.
Houſes firſt made with brick, 21.
Lights firſt fixed, 119.
Houſe of Commons, 591.
Limehouſe, 611.
Houſe of Lords, 593.
Limeftreet ward and contents, 543.
Hudſons Bay company and hall, 543.
Lincolns Inn, 601.
Hunting match, 132.
Liſt of mayors who died in their office, 350.
Hurricanes, 26. 122. 210. 274. 297. 312. 327. 338. Lock Hoſpital, 571.
369. 390. 392. 393. 398. 412.
Locuſts, great quantity of, 326.
Huſtings, Court of, 442.
London, its name, origin, ſituation, &c. 6. 7. its ſtate
under the Romans, 8. walls and gates, with its
I.
boundaries, 9--18. its ſituation under the Saxons, 19.
AMES I. proclaimed, 211. his public entry and coro firſt erected into the fee of a biſhop, ib. almoſt de-
nation, ib. grants a charter, ib. borrows money of the ſtroyed by fire, 20. 25. perſecuted by the Danes, ib.
citizens, 213. a ſecond charter, 214. gives the citi walls and gates rebuilt by king Alfred, ib. houſes firſt
zens the province of Ulſter in Ireland, 217. a third made with brick, 21. parliament held, ib. facked by
charter, 219. his death, 222.
the Danes, 22. its riches, 23. 66. ſubmits to Wil-
James II. his acceflion, 269.
liam the Conqueror, 24. greatly hurt by war, 27.
James's, St. Duke's Place, 453.
citizens chooſe their own ſheriffs, ib. oppreſſed, and
Garlick-hill, 557.
liberties ſeized, 28. 114. chooſe their own chief
Palace, 596.
magiſtrate, 42. rights by Magna Charta, 43. pur-
Weſtminſter, 598.
chaſes the foreſt of Middleſex, 44. greatly damaged
Clerkenwell, 603,
by an earthquake, 47. deprived of its liberties, 47.
Janſſen, Mr. Alderman, choſen chamberlain, 398, his
48. 49. 52. ſtrongly guarded, 51. repaired and in-
ſpeech to the livery, ib.
cloſed, 58. rights and privileges confirmed, 6o. ad-
Jefferies almſhoules, 608.
dreſs to the king, 112. firſt lighted, 119. right to
Jefferies, lord chancellor, killed by the mob, 270,
purchaſe in mortmain, 132. oppoſed Cardinal Wol-
ſey,
JA

I
X.
N
D E
fey, 183. 186. bound with king Edward VI, 200.
join Wyat, 202. ſupply the queen with a great num.
ber of men, ſhips and money, 208. 209. 210. Iriſh
eſtates, 217, 218. diſpute with king Charles I. 223.
oppreſſed by him, ib. addreſs the king againſt levying
thip-money, 224. joins the parliament, 228. peti-
tion the king for redreſs of grievances, 235. vigo-
rous procedings, 236. 242. 243. riotous petitioners,
244. threatened by the army, ib. ſubmiſſion to general
Fairfax, 245. fortifications demoliſhed, ib. entertains
the houſe of commons, 247. join with general Monk,
249. reſtore Richmond-park to the crown, 250. Iriſh
eftate reſtored, ib. burnt, 253. proclamation for re-
building it, 255. conteſt at the election of ſheriffs,
265. diſavows the act of common-council under the
late uſurpation, 267. deprived of their chartered
rights by quo warranto, ib, ſubmit 268. deceived by
the king, ib. charter reſtored, 269. addreſs the prince
of Orange, 270. petition to place the prince of Orange
on the throne, ib. city franchiſes reſtored by parlia-
ment 271. addreſs after the death of James II. 274.
night watch regulated, ib. addreſs to king George I.
at his public entry, 279. entertain the king, ib. in-
ſtructions to the repreſentatives, 279. 312. 314. 360.
378. 387. 427. addreſs on the report of a conſpiracy,
280. on the birth of a prince, 283. to king George II.
292. oppoſe the exciſe ſcheme, 294. addreſs on the
marriage of a princeſs, 296. juriſdiction over Black-
friars, 298. addreſs on the marriage of prince Frede-
rick, ib. preſent him with the freedom of the city, ib.
lighted after a new method, ib. petition againſt Spa-
niſh depredations, 299. againſt a convention, 303.
thanks to city repreſentatives, 309. petition againſt the
management of the Spaniſh war, 314. inſtructions
thereupon to their repreſentatives, ib. addreſs on the
birth of a prince and marriage of a princeſs, 316. ad-
drefs to ſuppreſs ſtreet robberies, 318. on the king's
arrival froin Germany, 319. on defeating the rebels,
321. on the peace, 329. on the birth of a prince,
333, on the king's return from Hanover, 334. on the
birth of a princeſs, 337. exempted from paying toll
in Smithfield, 351. petition againſt plate act, 357.
addreſs on an invaſion, 358. on the taking of Louis-
bourg, 364. on the prince of Wales coming to age,
365. on taking Cuebec, 367. city improved, 368. ad-
dreſs on the reduction of Canada, 371. on the acceſ-
fion of king George III. 372. right to toll in markets,
373, addreſs on taking Belliſle, 374. on the king's
marriage, 376. on taking Martinico, 382. on the
birth of a prince, 384. on the reduction of the Ha-
vannah, 385. on the peace, 390, on the birth of a
prince, 391. on the marriage of princeſs Augufta,
393 honour lord chief juſtice Pratt, 395. addreſs on
the birth of a prince, 461. new paved, 410. addreſs
on the birth of a princeſs, 411. on the birth of a
prince, 415. of a princeſs, 425. extent 436. houſes,
ib. liberties, 437. government, 438. 440. city offi -
cers, 438, &c. courts of juſtice, 441. wards, ib,
London aſſurance office, 540.
London Hoſpital, 309. 447.
London Infirmary, 609.
London-ſtone, 559.
London-workhouſe, 463.
ortid
Loriners, company of, 494. aas
Lottery, firſt in England, 205.
Lovat, Simon lord, beheaded on Tower-hill, 324.
Low Leighton, village of 625.
Luke's St. Old-ſtreet, 605.
Hoſpital, ib.
Luxury, See act of common-council.
Lyon's-inn, 582.
Loint. I
M.
Maces
Aces of gold allowed, 75. )
Magdalen-houſe, 546.
Magnus, St. London-bridge, 468.
Manſion-houſe erected, 305. deſcription of ib.
Markets regulated, 263,
60
Margaret, St. Pattens, 459.
Lothbury, 493
Weſtminſter, 588.
Marine Society office, 500.
Marſhal, City, origin of, 205.
Marſhal, John, beheaded, 67.
Marſhalſea-priſon, 569.
Martin's, St. Ludgate, 19. 525.
Outwich, 475.
in the Fields, 585.
Martin's St. Le Grand Court, 446.
Church, 451.
Mary, daughter of Henry VIII. proclaimed queen, 201.
rides through the city, 202. crowned, ib. married to
Philip of Spain, 208.
Mary, queen of Scots executed, 208.
Mary, St. at Hill, 458.
Abchurch, 478.
Magdalen, Old Fiſh-ftreet, 483.
le Bow, 495.
Aldermary, 496.
Aldermanbury, 502.
Woolnoth, 540.
Somerſet, 550.
Magdalen, Bermondſey, 563.
Newington, 572.
Lambeth, 573
Rotherhithe, 577.
le Strand, 583
Whitechapel, 609.
Maryborne, village of, 625.
Maſon's company and hall, 456.
Mafshouſes deſtroyed, 270.
Matthew, St. Friday-ftreet, 515.
Bethnal Green, 609.
Mayor, firſt lord, 41. acts as chief butler, 34, juriſdic-
tion over the Thames, 38. committed to the Mar-
ſhalſea priſon, 48. degraded ib. diſpute reſpecting
election of, 53, 360, to be choſen by the mayor and
aldermen, 74. empowered to uſe a gold or ſilver mace,
75: entertains the kings of Scotland, France and Cy-
prus, 76. fined for rejecting the office after elected,
77. his authority doubted, 206. reduces the number
of ale houſes, ib. entertains his inajeſty at Cloth-
worker's-hall, 213. ſtops the king's carriages, 221.
entertains Charles I. with a maſquerade, 224. com-
mitted to the Tower, 239. entertains Charles II. at
Guildhall, 263. firſt drawn by fix horſes, 309. ſworn
into his office on Tower-hill, 310. how many have
died in their mayoralty, 350, proceſſion on Lord-
mayor's-day, 438. liſt of them from Fitz-Alwine,
578. court, 441.
Meetings, Preſbyterian, liſt of, 614.
Independent, ib.
Anabaptiſt, ib.
Quakers, 615.
and chapels of other denominations, ib.
Mercers hall and chapel, 487.
Merchants, Flemiſh, baniſhed, 137,
Addreſs to the king, 428. how treated by
the populace, ib.
Merchant Taylors company and hall, 475.
School, 509.
Michael, St. Baffiſhaw, 456.
Crooked-lane, 477.
Cornhill, 500.
Woodftreet, 504.
Queenhithe, 550.
Royal, 555.
Middleſex Hoſpital, 600.
Middleton's Sir Hugh, project of the New-river, 218.
Milbourn's almſhouſes, 452.
Mildred, t. Breadſtreet, 466.
Poultry, 486.
Militia, 219. 229. 238. 239. 242. 244. 272. 333.
Milk, price of, raiſed, 401,
Mims, village of, 647.
Money, ſcarcity of, 50.
b
Monmouth,

I N D E X.
Monmouth, duke of, beheaded on Tower-hill, 269. filh, 363, againſt the cyder bill, 387. for redreſs of
Monument, deſcription of, 253.
grievances and right of election, 429. 432. 433.
Moorgate, deſcription of, 12.
Pewterers company and hall, 542.
Moorfields, 182.
Phænomenon, remarkable, 401.
More, Sir Thomas, lord chancellor, beheaded on Tower Phyſicians incorporated, 185. college of, 519.
hill, 191.
Pick pockets, ſchool for, 208.
Mortality, weekly bills of, their origin, 436. number of Pie powder, court of, 445.
pariſhes therein, ib.
Pitt, William, preſented with the freedom of the city,
Moulſey, town of 647.
393, reſigns, 378.
Mug-houſes pulled down, 281.
Plague, violent, 75. 76. 77. 118. 186. 193. 194. 204.
Muſeum, 341. deſcription of, ib.
205. 209. 211. 223. 225.251.
Muſwell Hill, 647.
Plaiſterers company and hall, 505.
Plumbers company and hall, 509.
N.
Poll-tax firſt levied, 83.
Navy Office, 452.
Poplar, 611.
Newgate, deſcription of, and origin, 13. repaired, Portfoken ward and contents, 545.
44. rebuilt, 120. priſoners eſcaped from, 326. ſickneſs Poſtern-gate, account of, 10.
therein, 333. priſoners attempt to eſcape, 338. mar Poſt-office, Penny, 476.
ket eſtablihed, 259. defcription of 521.
General, 541.
New churches, 275.
Poultry, price of, 57. 206.
Newington, 572.
Poultry compter, 486.
New river, 218.
Proceſſions, 204. 224. 237. 263. 273. 305, 365, 379.
New inn, 582.
of the city watch, 182. of queen Anne Boleyn, 189.
Nicholas, St. Acons, 540.
on account of a peace, 193. on the coronation of
Cole-abbey, 549.
Edward VI. 194.
Olave, ib.
Proclamation for electing mayor and ſheriffs, 63. againſt
Northall, village of, 647.
adulterating wines, 71. for preventing robberies and
North Briton burnt, 392.
and murders, ib. for prohibiting the ule of long toed
Northumberland, earl of, found dead in the Tower, ſhoes, 131. for peace, 193. for the execution of Ma-
208.
ry queen of Scots, 208. to ſuppreſs beggars, 209, for
Northumberland-houſe, 586.
preventing riots, ib. for diſcharging debtors, 210. for
ſuppreſſing all fairs within fifty miles of London, 211.
0.
againſt new buildings, 207. 213. 217. for king
Oaths, new, preſcribed for city officers, 350.
Charles I's trial, 247. for rebuilding the city of Lon-
Officers, remarkable cruelty of, 410.
don 255. for a peace, 278. for preventing robberies,
Olave, St. Jewry, 491.
318. for apprehending jeſuits and popiſh prieſts, 320.
Tooley-itreet, 562.
for a ceſſation of arms, 326. 386. for peace, 329.
Silver-ſtreet, 503.
for ſeamen, 354. for a faſt, 357. for peace 387.
Onſlow, Arthur, preſented with the freedom of the city, Profits ariſing to the king from the city, 55.
374.
Proſtitutes puniſhed, 86. 131.
Orange, prince of, 263. addreſſed by the livery, 270. Proteſtants in Ireland perſecuted, 237. money raiſed for
Orphan tax, 272.
the ſupport of thoſe who eſcaped, ib. French, 269.
Orphans, court of, 446.
Proviſions, price of, regulated, 22. 28. 57. 61. 63. 72.
Overbury Thomas, poiſoned in the Tower, 221.
75. 187 195
Oxford, city of, deſtroyed by the Danes, 22. parliament Putney, village of, 626.
held there, 50. deſcription of 669.
Q.
P.
uakers contribute towards relieving the army, 320,
PAckage, table of rates, 232. 234.
Page's, Sir Gregory, 634.
Queenhithe ward and contents, 549.
Painter Stainers company and hall, 550.
Queen's-palace, 593.
Palatines, 275, 396.
Quo Warranto iſſued againſt the city of London, 267.
Pancras, Hamlet of, 626.
Paper, whited, brown, firſt made in England, 222.
R.
Papifts ordered to quit the city, 245. 247. 317. 320. R
Ain, violent, 56. 71. 206. 223. 363. 411. 422.
Parliament, firſt in London, 20.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, beheaded at Weſtminſter, 222.
Paul's, St. Cathedral, deſtroyed by fire, 21. 26. 123, Ranelagh gardens, 617.
204. rebuilt, 275. deſcription of, 'ib.
Read, alderman, preſſed for a ſoldier, 193.
Paul's, St. School, 521.
Rebellion 280.' 321.
Covent Garden, 585.
Recorder, firſt, 61. attempt of the crown to name one,
Shadwell, 612.
209. knighted, 221. ſpeech to Charles I. 237. ſalary
Pay office, 471.
augmented, 329. 334. 415. how choſen, 439. his
Peckham, village of, 626. 9.00 and still
office, ib.
Peter, St, le Poor, 470.
Remembrancer, city, his office, 440.
Cornhill, 500.
Remonſtrance from the mayor, &c. to the king, 239.
Peterſham, village of, 648.
Reſtoration of Charles II. 250. form of the proceſſion,
Petition to chuſe bailiffs, 53. to rebuild Newgate, 120. ib,
for erecting public ſchools, 123. from the clergy to Reygate, town of, 648.
the king for an increaſe of tythes, 224. for aboliſh Richard I. crowned, 34. received by the citizens with
ing epiſcopacy, 236. againſt the earl of Strafford, ib. great pomp, 35. grants them a charter, ib, ranſonied
againſt popery, 238. from the clergy of London, 243, by the citizens, 36. a ſecond charter, 37.
for free acceſs to the king, ib. of the city for treaty Richard II. crowned, 81, grants a charter of confirma-
with the king, 246. for regulating elections, 286. tion, ib. his public entry into London, 82. oppreſſes
of the bakers, 299. againſt Spaniſh depredations, ib. · the citizens, 115. relinquiſhes the crown, 116.
againſt a convention, 303. for convoys againſt Spaniſh Richard duke of Glouceſter uſurps the throne, 136.
privateers, 313. for preventing the uſe of ſpiritous murders the king and his brother, ib, crowned, ib.
liquors, 335. for removing diſorderly houſes, &c. repairs the Tower of London, 137. killed at the bat-
ib, againſt the plate act, 357. for the preſervation of tle of Boſworth, ib,
Richmond,
Quaktuebec, 367
1

1 N
X.
D E
Richmond, village of, 626.
Rickmanſworth, town of, 648.
Riots, 73. 114. 118. 125. 183. 209. 224. 236. 245.
329. 335. 387. 399. 410. 417. 420. 425.
Rioters, five of them executed, 209. 281.
Robberries, ſtreet, fuppreſſion of, 59.
Rolls, the, and chapel, 532.
Roſe, Richard, boiled to death in Smithfield, 187.
Royal Exchange, 498.
Aſſurance office, ib.
Society, 432.
Rumford, town of, 649.
hames, alberi so
S.
Sabbath ſtrictly obſerved, 221. 224.
Sacheveral, doctor Henry, his fermons burnt, 275.
Sadlers company and hall, 514.
Sailors petition the king for increaſe of wages, 420, 421.
Salters company and hall, 560.
Saviour's, St. 564.
Savoy, the, 584.
Scarcity, 64. 71. 122. 185. 203.
Scavage, table of rates, 229.
Schools, public, 123. 126.
Scheme for preſſing men; 301.
Scots hall, 525
Scriveners, 450.
Sea-coal prohibited, 61.
Seamen, office for fick and wounded, 499.
Sepulchre, St. 523.
Serjeants inn, 522.
Seſſions houſe, Old Bailey, 536.
Sevenoak, town of, 649.
Shaw, doctor, preaches at St. Paul's croſs, 133.
Sheriffs committed to the Marſhallea, 48. their privi-
leges, 51. degraded, 54. empowered to impannel ju-
rie, 183. ſent to the tower, 193, 266. diſpute about
their election, 236. 265. ceremony of drinking to
by the mayor firſt inſtituted, 265. election of veited
in the livery, 326. how choſen, 439. court, 441.
Shepherd, James, hanged for treaſon, 282.
Ship money, 224. 225.
Shoes, long toed, prohibited, 131.
Shooting match, remarkable, 207.
Sion college, 502.
Skinners company and hall, 508.
Small pox hoſpital, 323.604.
Smithfield paved, 219.
Soldiers dilmiſſed by ſheriff Janſſen, from afliſting at exe-
cutions, 331.
Somerſet, duke of, beheaded on Tower-hill, 200.
Houſe, 584.
Southwark, burnt, 24. annexed to London, 70. Borough
market, 354. inſtruct their members, 401. govern-
ment and extent, 560.
South-ſea ſcheme, 282.
South-ſea houſe, 475.
Speech, Mr. Hodges's, 362.
Spiritous liquors, a duty laid on them, 298.
Stains, town of, 649.
Staples inn, 535
Stationers company and hall, 523,
Stephen, king, recived into London, 27
Stephen, St. Coleman-ftreet, 492.net
Wallbrook, 558.
Stepney, village of, 628.
Stile, alteration of, 338.
Stocks erected in every ward, 131.
Straw, Jack, his confeſſion, 85.
Subſcription for the army, 366.
Surgeons company and hall, 537,
Sweating ſickneſs, 137. 185. 186. 200.
Swithin, St. 559
Sword-bearer, his office, 440.
Surry, earl of, executed for treaſon, 194.
Synagogues, 52. 59.
T.
T Allowchandlers company and hall, 508.
Taplow, village of, 664.
Taverns, number of, limited, 203.
Taylors, merchant, incorporated, 181.
Taylors, journeymen, price of their work ſettled, 337:
Temple plundered, 51. account of, 530.
Thames, defcription of, and advantages; 37. 38. 39,
dry, 26. 29. 192. 282. 418. overflowed, 46. 56.
206. 294. 382. 386. 398. agitated, 204.
Thankſgiving, public, 274. 278.
Thavies inn, 523.
Thief-takers, their puniſhment for perjury, 357.
Thomas's, St. Hoſpital, 567.
church, 568.
Thunder, violent, 45. 123. 204. 223. 304. 385. 390.
399. 411. 422.
Tide, preternatural, 213. ſtopped, 392.
Tilbury, town of, 649.
Title of lord firſt given to the mayor, 75.
right honourable, 83.
Tobacco firſt brought into England, 209.
Toll, in Cheap, Billingſgate, and Smithfield, granted to
the city, 117.
Tothill fair, 47.
Tottenham High-croſs, village of, 629.
Tournament, firſt in Cheapſide, 71. in Smithfield, 114.
118.
Tower of London firſt built, 25. deſtroyed, 46. repaired,
51. 137. privileges, 86. deſcription of and contents,
89. &c. chapel burnt, 182. taken by ſtratagem, 194.
court of, 446.
Tower-ſtreet ward and contents, 551.
Town clerk, 440.
Towting village of, 630.
Train-bands, See Militia.
Treaſury, the, 588.
Trinity in the minories, 546.
Trinity - houſe, 552.
Troops, liſt of, raiſed in the ſeveral wards, 208.
Twickenham, village of, 630.
Tun, a priſon in Cornhill, 60. broke open by the citi-
zens, ib. converted into a conduit, 118.
Tyler, Wat, raiſes a rebellion, 83. deſtroys the duke of
Lancaſter's palace, 84. burns the temple, &c. ib. mure
ders a great number of citizens, ib. killed in Smith-
field, 85.
V.
V Alence, de William, murdered by the citizens, 49.
Vauxhall gardens, 575,
Vedaſt, St. Foſter-lane, 514.
Vernon, admiral, preſented with the freedom of the
city, 309.
Vieualling office, 548.
Vintners company and hall, 557,
Vintry ward and contents, 554.
Union fire-office, 449.
Uſurers puniſhed, 47.
Uxbridge, town of, 650.
W.
W Alker, a grocer, beheaded in Smithfield, 127.
Wallace, Sir William, executed in Smithfield,
61.
Wallbrook ward and contents, 558.
Walls erected, 241. deſtroyed, 245.
Wallworth, William, kills Wat Tyler, 85. knighted,
86.
Walpole's, Sir Robert, defence of the exciſe ſcheme,
294. on Spaniſh depredations, 300.
Walthamſtow, village of, 630.
Waltham-abbey, 650.
Croſs, 651.
Walton, village of, 650.
Wanſted, village of, 631.
War declared againſt Spain, 282. 304, 380, France,
317
Wards aſſeſſed, 73. number of, 440, antiquity of,
447.
Wardmote, court of, 442.
Wareg

Ι Ν D Ε Χ.
Ware, town of, 651.
derman, 426. expelled the houſe of commons, ib.r-
Warrants, general, deemed illegal, 403.
choſen, 427. 428. deemed incapable of fitting in the
Warren, Sir Peter, preſented with the freedom of the houſe, ib.
city, 338.
William the Conqueror arrives in London, 24. beats
Watch, city, inſtituted, 51. reſtrained, 192. revived, the citizens, ib. preſented with the keys of the city,
194. fuppreſſed, 205. common watch ſubſtituted, ib. ib. erects a fortreis, ib. grants a charter, ib. crowned,
number of watchmen appointed, 242.
ib. his public entry into London,, 25. viſits his Nor-
Water-bailiff, his office, 440.
man dominions, ib. received by the citizens in ſolemn
Watermens company and hall, 510.
proceflion, ib. grants a ſecond charter, ib. erects the
Waterworks at London bridge firſt invented, 207.
tower of London, ib. his death, 26.
Watford town of, 651.
William III, and his queen dine at Guildhall, 271. death
Waxchandlers company and hall, 504.
of queen Mary, 273. public entry of the king, ib.
Weavers petition againſt foreign filks, 396. 399. jour-
his death, 274.
neymen riotous, 399. 415.
Williamſon, a' ſhoemaker, hanged for ſtarving his wife;
Weavers company and hall, 456.
Weigh-houſe, the king's, 460.
Wimbleton, village of, 631.
Weſtminſter-abbey, its origin, 19. deſtroyed by the Windſor, town of, 652.
Danes, ib. deſcription of and contents, 138, &c.go Woking, town of, 664.
vernment of the city of, 580. hall, 590.
Wolſey, cardinal, oppoſed by the citizens, 183.
Weybridge, village of, 651.
Women petition the houſe of commons, 242.
Wheat, price of, 64.
Woodmongers, 251.
Whitehall, 187. 587.
Woodſtreet compter erected, 203.
Whoredom puniſhed, 86.
Woolwich, 631.
Wick, Sir Richard, burnt or Tower hill, 122.
Wyat's rebellion, 202. his execution, 203.
Widows, clergymens, incorporated, 263.
Wilkes, John, committed to the Tower, 388. his ſpeech
Y.
in the court of common pleas, ib. expelled the houſe YOrk's, duke of, picture cut in Guildhall, 264.
of commons, 394. choſen member for Middleſex, entertained at merchant taylors hall, ib.--Edward
417. commited to the King's-bench priſon, 419. ad. Auguftus preſented with the freedom of the city, 374.
dreſs to the freeholders of Middleſex, 420. choſen al his death and interment, 413 414.
412.
Directions to the BOOKBINDER for placing the COPPER PLAtes of CHAMBERLAIN's
HISTORY and SURVEY of LONDON and WESTMINSTER, &C.
25
546
617
605
516
558
FRontiſpiece to face the title,
page
The manſion-houfe, &c.
305
The Abbey church of St. Peter, Weſtminſter, &c. 138
Blood and his accomplices ſtealing the crown, &c. 106
Henry VII's chapel, &c.
142
Manner of burying the dead at the time of the
plague in 1665.
251
Lincoln's -inn, &c.
6οΙ
Shooting match between the citizens of London, 207
The Royal Exchange, &c.
498
St. George's hoſpital, &c.
597
Views of an ancient tournament,
114
View of Ranelagh gardens, &c.
St. Luke's-hoſpital, &c.
Doctor Shaw preaching at St. Paul's croſs,
I13
View of the houſe of commons,
&c.
591
Chriſt-church hoſpital, &c.
South-ſea houſe, &c.
475
Ceremony of laying the firft ſtone of Black-friars
bridge,
375
View of the royal ſtables, &c.
585
View of the city gates,
The temporary-bridge of London on fire: 364
St. Thomas's-hoſpital, &c.
View of the Tower, &c.
89
St. Andrew's-church Holbourn, &c.
523
Inſide of Weſtminſter-abbey, &c.
St. James's-palace, &c.
The Britiſh-mufeun, &c.
341
St. Paul's-cathedral, &c. oço do
275
The bank of England, &c.
473
The monument, &c.
253
Henry Fitz-Alwin, firſt lord mayor,
41
View of St. Edmund the King, &c.
540
St. Botolph's, Biſhopfgate, &c.
462
Ceremony of the champion's challenge at the coro-
nation,
81
page
View of St. Mary's church Iſlington, &c. 623
St. Olave's, Southwark, &c.
562
Manner of burning the martyrs in Smithfield
118
Habit of a lady mayoreſs, &c, in 1640
228
of a lord mayor, &c.
ib.
Biſhops and citizens ſwearing ſealty to William the
Conqueror,
Map of twenty miles round London,
632
St. John's church, Southwark, &c.
563
St. Trinity Minories, &c.
View of St. Mary's church, Whitechapel, &c, 609
The Foundling hoſpital, &c.
307
Part of London as it appeared in the fire in 1666
253
View of St. Mary Aldermanbury, &c.
502
St. Giles's in the Fields, &c.
601
View of Surgeons-hall, &c.
537
St. Stephen's Wallbrook, &c.
Richard II, appeaſing the rebels on the death of Wat
Tyler in Smithfield,
85
View of Weſtminſter-bridge, &c.
301
Sir Chriſtopher Wren's plan for rebuilding the city
of London after the fire in 1666.
View of St. John the Evangeliſt Weſtminſter, &c. 590
St. Mary Aldermary, &c.
496
View of part of the town of Fulham, &c.
620
Grocers and Goldſmiths-halls,
487
View of St. Paul's Covent-garden, &c.
585
St. Anne's Alderſgate, &c.
449
The treaſury and horſe-guards
View of the pariſh church of Stoke Newington, &c. 620
Greenwich and Chelſea hoſpitals,
576
Plan of London, &c.
View of Ironmongers and Trinity almfhouſes, 608
St. Mildred's church in the Poultry, &c.
486
View of London from Greenwich Park,
577
View of St. James's church, Garlick-hill, &c. 557
IO
256
566
138
596
588
436
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3 9015 10141 8302
-UNIVERSTY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARY
DO CONSERVATION UNIT ..
Examination and treatment records
are on file.
Call # D A 677.44
Job #_2258
Work by Leyla Lau-Laumb
Jamary 1997
Date
A