... 2% ENé.
10200 -R/v. 1 BNL 10200-R, Vol.
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY
SELECTED CRYOGENIC " "º
DATA NOTEBOOK
WOLUME |
SECTIONS |-|X
Compiled and Edited by
J.E. Jensen W.A. Tuffle
R.B. Stewart' H. Brechnd” ENGR. LIBRARY
A.G. Prode|| MAY 21 1981
UNIV. OF WASH.
1. Worcester Polytechnic Inst. and National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Division
2. Institute of Technology, Rupperswil, Switzerland
Revised August 1980
B R O O KH A V E N N AT I O N A L L A B O R AT O RY
A S S O C I AT E D UN | V E R S I T | ES, IN C.
UNDER CONTRACT NO. DE-ACO2-76CHOOO16 WITH THE
UN | T E D STATES DE PA R T M E N T OF E N E R GY
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3 9015 08645 41.65

DISCLAIMER
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Price: Printed Copy $28.00; Microfiche $3.50
I.
II.
III.
IV.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII .
XVIII .
SUBJECT INDEX
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF HELIUM
PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
PROPERTIES OF DEUTERIUM
PROPERTIES OF NEON
PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLIDS
SPECIFIC HEAT OF SOLIDS
THERMAL EXPANSIVITY OF SOLIDS
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
INSULATION PROPERTIES
THERMOCOUPLE EMF's
DENSITY
THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY
HEMI SPHERICAL TOTAL EMITTANCE
SURFACE TENSION
APPEND ICES
iii
I. INTRODUCTION
The Selected Cryogenic Data Notebook has been designed to
meet the general needs of the engineers and scientists working with
cryogenic systems at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The objective
in the preparation of this collection of data tables and charts, is
to present in a summary manner the best information available on
those properties and materials adjudged to be of continuing
importance.
The needs for thermophysical property data for materials of
importance in cryogenic systems are constantly expanding, and the
availability of additional information makes it possible to
continually increase both the depth and the bread th of a note book
of property data. The growing availability of new information also
makes it possible to continually improve the accuracy of the
property data. With additional study of the available information,
the uncertainty of data tables may also be defined. This work is ,
there fore, issued in loose-leaf form to permit frequent expansion
and improvement of the data tabulations. -
The editors wish to give particular recognition to the Data
Compilation Program of the Cryogenic Data Center of the National
Bureau of standards. The Cryogenic Data Center issued a
compendium” of the properties of materials at low temperatures in
l960 from which many of the data sheets in this notebook have been
derived. This data compilation program is a continuing effort for
the critical evaluation and compilation of data on the
thermodynamic, transport, and other thermophysical properties
for the principal fluids used at low temperatures. The work of
*A Compendium of the Properties of Mater ials at Low Temperatures
(Phase I). Victor J. Johnson, General Editor, Wright Air
Development Division Technical Report 60-56 (July, l960 ) ; and
UPhase II ), Richard B. Stewart and Victor J. Johnson, General
Editors, (Dec. 1961).
INTRO-1
the Cryogenic Data Center, in addition to providing a basic
collection of cryogenic property data, has also provided the
information for the subsequent expansion and improvements on
many of the data tabulations included in this notebook.
This notebook is composed of a series of individual data
sheets, on which information is presented for a particular
property of a selected material. These data sheets are arranged
using materials as the primary index for data on fluids, and
using properties as the primary index for data on solids. The
format of the individual data sheets is as follows:
Source of Data: Literature references to the selected data
are listed chronologically.
Other References: Other references to the subject are given.
Comments: Explanatory notes are included which may
summarize the contents of each reference,
relate information on purity of the sample
for which data are given, provide esti-
mates of the uncertainty of the data, etc.
Data Tables: Tabulations of the data are given. For
subjects where only limited information is
available, all of the measured values may
be given. More extensive tabulations, and
in particular data tables which are adopted
from other data compilations, are summarized
by skeleton tables.
Graphs: The data are illustrated graphically
wherever the properties are available as
functions of a dependent property.
INTRO-2
Footnote S : Footnotes are used to reference other
data compilations which have been adopted
as the data source.
In this issue of this notebook, it has been necessary to
include some mater ial which may not represent the best
information available. In some instances new data may already be
available which has not been incorporated into the present data
sheets. In other cases, additional study and correlation of
available data would greatly improve the utility of the data
tables. However, in order to include some information on most of
the subjects indexed, it has been necessary to incorporate
available data sheets. It was also found difficult in this issue
to present many of the data sheets in the format outlined above.
The editors acknowledge the necessity to revise many of those data
sheets, and it is intended that this collection of data sheets will
be improved in accordance with our objectives of presenting a
summary of the best data for all of the properties and materials
indexed, in a cons is tent format.
In this introduction it has been noted that the data sheets
are only summaries of the available information. It is emphasized
that the user requiring additional information should consult the
data sources listed on the data sheets. Reference is also made to
the availability of bibliographic information on the properties of
materials from the Cryogenic Data Center of the National Bureau of
Standards, Boulder, Colorado. In particular this Data Center is
equipped to prepare custom bibliographies for specific topics or
for broad subject areas from an automated bibliography storage and
retrieval system.
INTRO-3
In conclusion, the editors wish to acknowledge the
assistance received from the Cryogenic Data Center of the
National Bureau of Standards. The many publications issued
by this Data Center have been particularly useful in assembling
this collection of data sheets. Several individuals at Brookhaven
National Laboratory have also contributed significantly to this
work. In particular, the editors wish to acknowledge the
continuous encouragement and advice given by Dr. R. P. Shutt. The
editors also wish to thank Anne M. Flood for coordinating the
clerical and administrative efforts, and the Bubble Chamber Group
Electrical Drafting Section under the direction of Louis F. Both
and the ISABELLE Drafting Section under the direction of Donald
Gilzinger for the drafting, checking and proofreading required for
the preparation of the graphs.
The Editors
INTRO–4
:
II . PROPERTIES OF HELIUM
CONTENTS
Vapor Pressure
Density of Liquid Helium (At Saturation)
Compressibility Factor
Specific Heat
l. Liquid Helium (At Saturation)
2. Cp of Helium
Heat of Vaporization
Enthalpy
Thermal Conductivity
l. Liquid Helium l At Saturation)
2. Gaseous Helium
Dielectric Constant
l. Liquid Helium
2. Gaseous Helium
Surface Tension Liquid Helium
Visco sity
l. Liquid Helium
2. Gaseous Helium
Velocity of Sound
1. Liquid Helium
2. Gaseous Helium
He at Transfer
II–INDEX
Xe ‘38ſilvö3dW31
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T-W-II
WAPOR PRESSURE of LIQUID HELIUM
Source of Data;
Clement, J. R., et al., Phys. Rev. 100, 743-li (Oct. 1955)
Other References:
Berman, R. and Swenson, C. A., Phys. Rev. 95, No. 2, 311-ll (July 1954)
Erickson, R. A. and Roberts, L. D., Phys. Rev. 93, 957-62 (Mar. 1954)
Gratch, S., Trans. ASME TO, 631-10 (Aug. 1918)
Van Dijk, H. and Durieux, M. , Progress in Low Temperature Physics,
Wol. II, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
(1957) l;80 pp.
Van Dijk, H. and Shoenberg, D., Nature, lºli, 151 (July 1919)
Worley, R., D., Zemansky, M. W. and Broose, H. A., Phys. Rev. 93, No. 1,
(Jan. 1954)
Comments:
The Absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K) was used in the table
Of Selected values below.

Temp. Pressure Temp. Pressure
°K *R mm Hg lb/in? °K *R mm Hg lb/in?
l l.8 O. l.2 || 0.002 31 || 3.2 || 5.76 213 l!.68
l. 2 2.16 O.62 O. Oll 9 3.l. 6. 12 316 6.09
l.H. 2. 52 2.l O.OliO l; 3.6 6.18 l,02 7.71,
l.6 2.88 5.7 O. lol 3.8 6.7l. 503 9.68
l.8 3.21. l2.5 O.2kl li.O 7.2 619 ll.9
2. O 3.6 23.8 O. l;58 H.2 7.56 753 l!.5
2.2 3.96 Hl. O.790 H.H. 7.82 900 lT. 3
2. li. l. 32 6l. l. 23 lº.6 8.28 1080 2O.8
2.6 l; .68 9l, l.8l l; .8 8.6l. l270 21.5
2.8 5.0l 134 2.58 5.0 9.00 ll.90 28.7
3.0 5.l.0 | 183 3.53 5.2 9.36 172O 33.1
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II—A-2
.
O.
O, 15
O. 14
O.13 H
O.
2
O.I.O
O.O9
O.O8
DENSITY of
SATURATED
LIQUID HELIUM
4
TEMPERATURE, *K

II–B–1
DENSITY of LIQUID HELIUM
(At Saturation)
Source of Data:
Berman, R. and Mate, C. F., Phil. Mag. (8) 3, 461-69 (May 1958)
Other References:
Kerr, E. C., J. Chem. Phys. 26, 511-1} (Mar. 1957)
Ham, N. S., Roy. Australian Chem. Inst. J. & Proc. 17, 273-83
(miyigo)
Keller, W. E., Phys. Rev. 91, No. 1, 1–8 (Jan. 1955)
Dash, J. G. and Taylor, R. D., Phys. Rev. 107, No. 5, 1228-1237
(Sept. 1957)
Borelius, G., Arkiv. Fysik, Band l3, No. 29, 369-378 (Jan. 1958)
Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (1942) p. 9k

Temp. Density Temp. Density
* | * | * | *;
2.2 O.ll." 3.8 O. l.22
2.3 0.11:6 l.00 O. l.29
2.l. o.16 lº.2 O. l.25
2.6 O.lkl; l.l. O. l.22
2.8 O.lk3 l;.6 O.ll.T
3.00 0.lkl lº.8 O. lll
3.2 O. lºº 5.0 O.l.0l
3.4 0.137 5.15 0.087
3.6 0.13% 5.18 O.079
Reprinted from WADD TECH.
REPORT 60-56
II—B-2
COMPRESSIB|LITY FACTOR
[P= Pressure, (atm);
for HELI UM
Z = Compressibility Foctor ]

Density Temperature, *K Density
gm/cc 2O 25 30 l;0 50 60 TO 8O 90 lCO l2O ll,0 160 18O 22O 260 3OO gm/cc
P l.067 l.231 | P
. OOO2 Z. l. OOl l. OOl Z. . OOO2
P l.ll.9 l.311, l. l;78 l.806 2.135 2. lºé3 || P
.oOol . 1.031 lºo, i.o.o. i. ool i. 331 i.o.o. || 2 | *
OOl.0 P l.026 l.232 l. l;38 l.6ll, l.850 2.056 2. l;67 2.879 3.290 3.7Ol l. 523 5.3k6 6.168 P OOlC)
§ Z. l.OOl l.002 l.002 l.002 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 || Z *
OOl2 P l.232 l. lº&b l. 727 l.97b, 2.221 2. l;68 2.962 3. l;56 3.950 l. lll: 5. l. 31 6. lºl9 7.106 || P OOl2
& Z. l.OOl l.OO2 l.OO3 l.003 l.OO3 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 l.003 || Z &
OOll, P l.ll.9 l. l;38 l. T27 2.016 2.30l., 2.593 2.881 3.1,58 l;.034 h.6ll 5.187 6.310 7. 1,93 8.6l,5 | P .OOll,
º Z l.OOO l.OO2 l.003 l.003 l.OOl; l.00l, l.OOl; l.00l. l.00l. l.OOl; l.00l, l.0Ol; l.OOl; l.00l. Z {e
OOl6 P l. 313 l.6ll, l.97b, 2.305 2.635 2.965 3.295 3.95); l.6l3 5.273 5.932 7.250 8.568 9.886 || P OOl6
e Z. l.OOl L.OO2 l.OO3 l.OOl; l.OOl; l.OOl; l.OOl; l.005 l.OO5 l.005 l.OO5 l.005 l.OO5 l.OO5 Z tº
OOl8 P l. 101, l. l;77 l. 850 2.222 2.591, 2.966 3.337 3. 709 l;. l;5l 5.193 5.935 6.677 8.161 9.6ll, ll. 13 | P OOl8
© Z .9975 l.OOl l.003 l.OOl; l.OOl; l.005 l.005 l.005 l.005 l.005 l.005 l.005 l.005 l.005 l.005 Z e
OO2O P l.02O l.227 l. 612 2.056 2. h70 2.881, 3.297 3.710 l. l.23 l;.9l8 5. 773 6.598 7.1.23 9.073 lo. 72 lz. 37 | P OO2O
e Z. ..991.8 .9975 l.OOl l.OO3 l.OOl; l.005 l.005 l.OO5 l.OO6 l.006 l.006 l.006 l.OO6 l.006 l.006 l.006 || Z e
OOl;0 P l. 619 2.037 2. l. SB 3.292 l; .129 l; .961; 5.798 6.630 7.1.6l 8.292 9.953 ll.6l 13.27 ll.93 l8.25 21.57 21.89 || P OOl.0
e Z | . )872 .9933 .9978 l.OOl; l.007 l.009 l.010 l. Oll l.0ll l.0ll l.0ll l. Oll l.0ll l.0ll l. Ol2 l.012 l. Ol2 | Z *
OO60 P 2. l;23 3.055 3.688 l;.956 6.22l 7. lºël, 8.71,3 lo.00 ll.26 lz.5l 15.02 17.52 20.02 22.53 27.53 32.5i, 37.55 | P OO60
e Z | .9848 .9932 .9993 l.007 l. Oll l.0ll, l.015 l.016 l.017 l.017 l.017 l.017 l.017 l.017 l.017 l.017 l.018 || Z g
OO8O P | 3.226 l;.075 ly.928 6.633 8.335 lo.03 ll. 72 lix. lil 15.09 le. 78 20.ll, 23.50 26.86 30.21 36.93 k3.65 50.37 | P OO8O
e Z | .9835 .9939 l.OOl l. Oll l.Ol6 l.Ol.9 l.02l l.022 l.023 l.023 l.023 l.023 l.023 l.023 l.023 l.02l, l.02k | Z º
Ol OO P | 1.031 5. lol 6.l75 8.326 lo. l;7 lz.6l ll. 71, 16.86 l8.98 2.l.09 25.32 29.55 33.77 37.99 lºé. lºl, 51.89 63.31, P Ol OO
g Z | .9829 .9952 l.OOl; l.Ol; l.02l l.025 l.027 l.028 l.028 l.029 l.029 l.029 l.029 l.029 l.030 l.030 l.030 Z. g
Ol2O P l!.837 6.132 7. 132 lo. Ol; l.2.63 lb. 21 l'7.78 20.35 22.9l 25. 1,6 30.57 35.67 lºo. 77 l; S.87 56.O7 66.27 76. 18 P Ol2O
$ Z | .9829 .9969 l.007 l.020 l.027 l.03l l.033 l.031, l.035 l.035 l.035 l.036 l.036 l.036 l.036 l.036 l.036 | Z *
Oll;0 P | 5.6l;5 7. 169 8.7OO ll. 76 lb.8l 17.85 20.87 23.88 26.89 29.89 35.88 lil.86 l;7.85 53.8l, 65.82 77.80 89.79 || P Oll,0
© Z | .983, .9991 1.010 l.025 l.032 l.036 l.039 l.0l.0 l.0ll l.0ll l.0l.2 l.01.2 l.01.2 l.0l.2 l.01.2 l.013 l.0l.3 Z *
Ol60 P | 6.1.58 8.2ll, 9.979 l; .5l 17.02 20.52 23.99 27. 1,6 30.9l 34.36 l;1.25 l;8.ll, 55.03 61.9l 75.70 89.19 P Ol6O
t Z | .981.3 l.OO2 l.Oll, l.030 l.038 l. Ol;2 l. Olºff l. Ol;6 l.Ol;7 l. Olib l. Olíð l. Olib l. Olć l.Ol.9 l.Ol;9 l. Ol.9 Z. e
Ol&O P 7.271, 9.266 ll.27 15.27 19.26. 23.22 27.15 31.08 31, .99 38.89 l;6.70 5l. l;9 62.29 70.09 85. 70 P Ol&O
ū Z .9855 l.OOl; l.018 l.035 l.oll, 1.Ol.9 l.05l l.053 l.053 l.05l, l.oSl; l.055 l.055 l.055 l.056 Z. e
O2OO P | 8.095 lo. 33 12.57 17. O6 2.l. 52 25.95 30.36 34.7l, 39.12 lºs. 18 52.2l 60.93 69.65 78. 38 95.81, P (2O
& Z | .9870 l.OO7 l.022 l.Ol;0 l.050 l.055 l.058 l.059 l.060 l.060 l.06l l.06l l.062 l.062 1,062 Z e
O2l;0 P 9.75l l?. 1,8 l; .22 20.69 26.13 31.52 36.88 l;2.2l l;7.53 52.8l, 63.15 74.06 84.67 95.29 P O2lQ
e Z | .9909 l.Oll, l.031 l.05l l.062 l.068 l.07l l.072 l.073 l.071, l.075 l.075 l.075 l.O76 Z e
O28O P ll. l;2 lll .67 l7.92 2k. lºl 30.85 37.21, 1,3.57 l;9.88 56.l7 62. l;5 7l.99 87.5l. P O28O
º Z .9957 l.022 l.0lo l.063 l.075 l.08l. 1.08, l.086 l.087 l.088 l.089 l.089 Z, g
O32O P l3.ll, l6.90 20.68 28.23 35.70 l;3. 10 50.15 57.75 65. Ol; 72.31 86.85 P O32O
.03 Z | l.OOl l.030 l.05l l.076 i.088 l.095 l.099 l. loo l. lo2 l. lo2 l. lo3 Z. .03
O36O P ll.88 19.18 23.5l 32.ll, lºo.68 l;9. 13 57.5l 65.8l. 71.15 82. l;5 99.05 P O360
tº Z | 1.008 l.039 l.062 l.089 l. lo2 l. log l.ll3 l. ll; l. ll6 l. ll" l.ll& Z | *
Ol;OO P l6.6l, 21.5l 26. lºl 36.16 l;5.8O 55.32 6l. 76 7l. 15 83.52 92.88 P Ol;00
§ Z l.015 l.019 1.073 l. 102 l.ll 7 l. l.2, l. l.28 l. l.20 l. lx2 l. l;3 Z. g
Oll;0 P | 18. l;5 23.90 29.38 l;0.29 5l.06 61.69 72.22 82.70 93.16 P Oll,0
* > Z | l.023 l.060 l.086 l. ll'7 l. lx2 lll:0 l. lll: l. ll:6 l. ll:8 Z e
Ol;8O P | 20.29 26.31; 32.43 blº.5l, 56. l;7 68.26 79.93 91.5l. P OlćO
g Z | l.031 l.07l l.099 l. lx2 l. ll:8 l. lj6 l.lé0 l. lé3 7, e
P 22.17 28.85 35.57 l;8.9l 62.06 75.02 87.85 P
‘92° | 2 | Tölö i.03% i.ii. i.i.17 lić, iſ im; i.im 2 || 0520
P 26.07 31.07 l;2.10 58.07 73.73 89.16 P
.06OO Z | l.060 l. loë l. lll l. l80 l. l.99 l.208 Z .0600
P | 31.22 lºl. Ol 50.86 70.31, 89.10 P
‘97° || 2 || 333 ... Íial j .33 2 || 0700
P 36.73 l;8.5l 60.31, 83.66 P
•9999 || 2 | "...ſº, Tiš I.333 ſº . . .0800
P l;2.66 56.65 TO.66 98.21 P
.9999 || 2 | 1.56 (.333 .276 (.33, . . .0900
P | 1.9.10 65.52 8l.96 P
... loCO Z | l. lg8 l.278 l. 333 Z. ..] OOO
P 56.12 75.28 91... l;2 P
..ll.OO Z l.2kl; l. 335 l. 396 Z . llOO
P 63.84 86.08 P
... l.2OO Z l.297 l. l;00 Z . 12OO
P | 72.38 98.13 P
..l.3OO Z l. 358 l. l. T3 Z . l.200
P 81.93 P
..ll:00 Z | l. l.27 Z ..ll.00
P 92.72 P
. 15OO Z l. 508 Z. . l;OO
Reprinted from:
"Compressibility Factor for Helium", Data Sheet il.001 in A Compendium of the Properties of Materials at Low Temperature
(Phase II) by the National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, R. B. Stewart and W. J. Johnson,
General Editors; Wright Air Development Division, U. S. A. F., WADD Technical Report 60-56
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II-C-2

| O
IT III | | | | | ITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTE
SPECIFIC HEAT
of LIQUID HELIUM
of saturdtion
|
3 4.
TEMPERATURE, “K
II-D-1. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT of LIQUID HELIUM
(At Saturation)
Source of Data :
Hill, R. W. and Lounasmaa, O. V., Phil. Mag. (8) 2, 11.3-lb (Feb. 1957)
Other References:
Wiebes, C. G., Niels-Hakkenberg, C. G. and Kramers, H. C., Physica
23, 625-32 (1957)
Markham, A. H., Thesis submitted for Degree of Doctor of Philisophy,
Univ. Wisconsin (1958)
Kramers; H. J., Wassches, J. D. and Gorter, C., Physica 18, No. 5,
329-38 (1952) -
Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1912)
Comments:
The absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K = #91.69°R) was used
in the Table of Selected Values below.

Temperature Specific Heat (Cs) Temperature Specific Heat (Cs)
Joules BTU Joules BTU
°K *R ~gin ºr IETF °K *R -gº-K IETF
l.8 3.2k 2.81 O.672 3.0 5.l:0 2.19 0.595
l.85 3.33 3.26 0.779 3.2 5.76 2.69 0.6l3
l.9 3.42 3.79 0.906 3.4 6.12 2.97 O.710
2.0 3.60 5.18 l.24 3.6 6.l:8 3.26 O.779
2.05 3.69 6.16 l.ly/ 3.8 6.8l. 3.60 O.860
2. lo 3.78 7.5l l.80 H.0 7.2 3.99 0.953
2. lº 3.87 9.35 2.23 lº.2 7.56 lº.k.8 l.O."
2.1735 3.9l 12.6 3.0l li.k. 7.92 5.ll. l.22
2.2 3.96 3.98 0.951 lº.6 8.28 5.9k l.l;2
2.3 l.lk 2.6lt 0.631. l;.8 8.6l. 7.53 l.80
2.k. l; .32 2.38 0.569 5.0 9.00 ll.5 2.75
2.6 l,.68 2.27 0.542 5.05 9.09 l3.5 3.23
2. 5.0l. 2.34 0.559
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II—D—1.2
o
;
:
O
u-
O
Lil
0.
(ſ)
C
3.
Xe-u5/sel noſ
(O
‘(*O) Lv3H
O | 3 || O2 dS
§:
|

II–D–2. 1
Source of Data:
SPECIFIC HEAT (cp) of HELIUM
Lounasmaa, O. V., Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of
Philosopy, University of Oxford 1958.
Other References :
Itterbeck, A. Van, Bull. Inst. Intern. Froid, Annexe, 1955-2,
99-106 (1955);
Masi, J. F., Trans. ASME 76, No. 7, 1067-7, (Oct. 1954);
Akin, S. W., Trans. ASME 72, 75l-57 (Aug. 1950);
Zelmanov, J., Journal of Phys. (USSR) 3, No. 1, 1,3-52 (1910);
Zelmanov, J., Journal of Phys. (USSR) 8, No. 3, 129-13), (1944).
Keesom, W. H. , Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1912) pp.9l,
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure, cal/g, -’K

Temp. 3 5 6 lO 15 30 50 70
°K atm atm atm atm atm atm atm atm
6 2.9l l. 18 O.97 || O.77 || O.67 || 0.615
6.5 2. ll: 3.10 2.25 l. 35 l.09
7 l.8l. 2.83 2.8l. l. 53 l. 20 O.90 O.74 O.7l
8 l. 55 l.96 || 2.17 | l.93 l. lil l.02 || 0.87 || 0.79
9 l. 1,6 l.67 l.T8 l.96 l.60 l.ll. O.9l O.87
lO l.l.0 l. 53 l.6l l.8l l.Tl l. 25 l.05 0.95
12 l.l;2 l. H6 l. 59 l.6l. l. HO l. 18 l.08
ll; l. 37 l.39 l. l;7 l. 52 l. l;7 | 1.28 l. l8
l6 l. 31. l. 35 l. HO l. H5 l.lić l. 37 l. 22
18 l. 32 l.33 | 1.36 | 1.lil l. lić l.k1 | l.32
2O l. 31 l. 34 l. 38 l.ll. l. H3 l. 37
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II–D–2. 2
i
24
2O
| 6
2
HEAT of
Of
VA POR | ZAT | ON
H E L | UM
4.
TEMPERATURE, *k

II–E–l
HEAT of WAPORIZATION of HELIUM
Source of Data:
Berman, R. and Mate, C. R., Phil. Mag. (8) 3, 161-69 (May 1958)
Other References:
Dranen, J. Wan, J. Chem. Phys. 23, 213 (Jan. 1955)
Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1942)
Rosenbaum, B. and Atkins, R., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1, 218 (1956)
Wan Dijk, H. and Durieux, M. , Progress in Low Temperature Physics, Wol.
II, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1957) 180 pp.

Comments:
The Absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K) was used in the table
of selected values below. -

Temp. Hv Temp. Hv
* | * * |lººr
2.2O 22.8 l.00 21.9
2. l;0 23.l l; .20 20.9
2.60 23.3 li.l.0 l9.7
2.80 23.5 l!.60 l8.0
3.00 23.7 l, .8O 15.6
3.20 23.6 5.OO l2.0
3.l;0 23.5 5.10 8.99
3.60 23.2 5.15 6.70
3.80 22.7 5.18 l!.00
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II–E–2
HELIUM
Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor”

Temp Pressure | Volume (cm"/g) Enthalpy (j/g) Entropy (j/g °K) Temp Pressure | Volume (cm’/g) Enthalpy (j/g) Entropy (j/g °K)
°K atm S. t. Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat °K atm Sat Sat Sat. Sat Sat Sat
Liquid Vapor Liquid | Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid | Vapor Liquid || Vapor Liquid Vapor
3.0 0.2hl 7.085 22h.l 5.30 28.96 2.356 lO.2]'ſ . l.0 0.8ll 7.779 || 73.86 8.8l 30.72 3.255 8.736
3.2 0.320 7.185 l7).8 5.85 29. 18 2. 527 9.9ll l. 2 0.990 7.989 || 60.6l 9.85 30.79 3. l;60 8. Hiſ 3
3. H O. liló 7.303 || lix8.7 (). HT 29.93 2.690 9.606 lſ. H l. l.90 8.231 || ||9.80 10.96 || 30.65 3.671 8. 150
3.6 O. 529 7. H39 lll .5 7.18 30.3H 2.883 9.322 H.6 l. Hl'ſ 8.5||7 || ||O. 72 l2.33 30.32 3.920 7.8115
3.8 0.66l 7.597 90.50 7.93 30.59 3.059 9.02] l, .8 l.672 9.033 || 32.87 l3.88 29. 19 h.188 7. h73
& 9.0 l.959 9.940 25.67 16.00 || 28.02 l; .598 7.OOO
From published data in National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note No. 15l. (Jan 1962)
Properties of Liquid and Vapor"
Temp P = 0.5 atm P = l atm = 2 atm P = 5 atm P = 10 atm
°K (Sat temp = 3.56°K) (Sat temp = 1.2] “K) (Sat temp = 5.03°K)
T V h S V h S V h S V h S V h S
cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm"/g j/g | J/g'K cm/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g | j/g j/g°K
(Sat Liq) 7. lil 7.0 2.8.l. 8. Ol 10.0 3. H'ſ 10. l8 16.5 l; .67
(Sat Vapor) ll'7.6 30.2 9.38 59.83 30.9 8. H3 21.33 27.7 6.90
3 7.06 5.5 2. 31. 6.99 5. " 2. 32 6.87 6.3 2.28 0.60 8. l 2. J.T Ó 30 10. J 2. O'5
l; ll,0.l 32.9 lo. l.2 T. TO 8.9 3.23 7. h5 9.3 3. li. 0.99 10. ( 2. 'ſ L (, .5 l 3. 3 2. TH
5 l86.3 38.0 ll. 39 82.88 36.2 T3.6l 9.36 lº.9 H.55 7.71 ll. .5 3.82 {, , ºff, l{ .9 3. li.T
6 231. H lili. 1 | 12.38 108.1 l;2. 3 || 10.76 h5.83 38.2 8.90 9.59 2l. 2 5.02 (. Cl 20. ( li. 2;
8 3.18.3 55.0 | 13.95 15l. 3 53.8 || 12, Hl 72.35 5l. 3 10. 78 23.7h H3.3 8.21, lC. (.h 33. ( 6.08
lO 30l. l 65. 7 || 15. ll 198.1 6 H.8 || 13.6 li 95.82 62.9 || 12.09 35. Ol 57.6 9.8l. l(, .O.) 50. l 7. 92
lº 6ll. 7 92.0 || 17.27 30 h. 3 91.5 15.8]. lSO. T 90.5 lº. 32 58.89 87.5 l2.28 28.88 83.9 10.6l.
2O 818.5 ll 8.2 l8.78 l,08.6 ll 7.8 l'7.32 203.7 ll 7. l 15.86 80.9% ll 5. 3 3.88 liO. ul ll2. 7 || 12. 33
25 l,025 ll, l.2 | 19.9l, 512.2 ll. H.0 | 18. h9 256.0 ll. 3.5 l?.0l. 102. ' 112.3 lS.08 %l. 50 ll;0.5 l3.57
30 l230 170.3 | 20.89 615. I 170. 1 | 19, lil 3C7.9 l69.8 17.99 123.6 l68.9 l6.06 62. 31 167.7 ll. .56
l;0 10 hl 222. 3 22. 39 82l. 3 222.2 | 20.9l, Hll. 3 222. l. lſy. 50 165. H 22l. 7 17. 57 83.5 L 22l. 3 l6. 10
00 21,62 326.2 | 2H. H9 1232 326.3 || 23.05 617.2 326.3 21.6l 248. 3 326. H 19. (O l25.3 326.8 l8.21
8O 3283 l, 30. l 25.99 16 H3 l, 30.2 || 2 ||. 55 822. ‘ſ l, 30.3 23. ll 30. 7 l, 30.7 2l. 20 l66. 'ſ H31.5 19.75
lOO HlC3 531.0 27.15 2053 531. l 25.7l lO28 531, .. 3 2|, .27 lil 3.0 53h.9 22.36 203.0 535.8 20.9l
l2O h923 637.9 || 28.09 2163 638.0 | 26.65 l233 638.2 25. 21 h95. 1 638.9 23. 31 2119.2 6 l;0.0 21.86
ll;0 57.3 7 hl. T | 28.90 2873 7||l.9 || 27. H6 ll, 38 712. l 26.01 577.3 7|12.9 2. ll 2.90.3 Yul. 1 22.67
l80 7383 919. A || 30.20 3693 919.6 28.76 l8l,8 919.9 27.32 7ll. 950.7 25. A 2 5 (2.5 'yº) 2.2 23. J'ſ
22O 902h ll 57.2 || 31.2% l,5ll ll.97.3 || 29.80 2259 llyſ/.6 28. 36 905.6 ll.98.5 26. 16 h9 it .6 1160. 1 25. O2
260 lC66l. l36H.9 || 32. ll 5334 l365. O || 30.67 2669 l365.3 29.23 lOTO l366. 3 27. 33 536.6 l 367.'ſ 29.8%
300 1230l. 1572.6 32.85 6151, 1572.7 || 31. Hl 3079 1573. I 29.97 123, l;71. 1 28. O'ſ (, l8. 7 1579. 7 26.63
Temp P = 20 atm P = l;0 atm P = 60 atm P = 80 atm P = 100 atm
°K
3 5.90 l6.0 l.88 5. 12 27. l. l.66 5.12 37.5 l. 50
l 6.06 l8.7 2. H9 5. 52 29.2 2.2O 5.20 39.2 2. Ol H.96 l,8.9 l.86 !, , (8 98.3 1. ( ),
5 6.28 2l. 3 3. ll 5.65 31. H 2. T 3 5.28 lil. 3 2. l.9 5.03 50.9 2. 32 l, .81, (20.2 2. 18
6 6.59 21.6 3. 70 5.80 3.H. l 3.21 5. 39 l, 3.7 2.93 5, ll 53. l 2. (2 !, .ºl 02. 3 2.96,
8 7.56 33. l l.9l 6 .22 l,0.6 H. lj 5.66 l;9.5 3.75 5. 32 58. l. 3. li8 5.07 6'ſ. 3 3.28
10 9. 13 l;5.0 6.2% 6. T9 h9.7 5. lº 6. Ol 57.5 h.65 5.57 65.9 l. 32 5.27 7|, .. li !, .07
lj ll. .80 78. 3 8.9% 8.86 77. 9 7. HO 7.20 82. A 6.66 6. HO 89.2 6. 19 5.90 96.0 5.86
20 20.70 109.2 | 1Q. T2 ll. 119 107. H 9. 12 8.73 ll0.2 8.25 7. l;5 ll 5. 3 7.69 6.69 121.6 T. 29
25 26. 39 l38.2 | 12.02 ll. 28 l36.9 || 10. H3 10. h7 l38.9 9.53 8.66 ll. 2.8 8.92 7.6l lhö.0 8. H'ſ
30 31.9l, 166.2 | 13. Ol 17. OT 165. ( ll. H8 l2.29 l6'ſ. 5 lO. 58 9.96 lT0.9 9.9l 8.6l l75. H 9. HT
h() 12. 76 220.9 lll .6l 22.57 22l. T | lº . 10 lj.9l 223.9 l2. 20 l2.67 227. l. ll. 56 lC). T3 23.l.. O ll. O7
60 63.92 327.6 l6.78 33.31 330.2 lj. 30 23. 16 333.5 ll. H2 l8.10 337.2 l3.80 l3.07 3||l. 3 l3. 31
8O 81.78 l, 33.0 | 18.30 ), 3.86 l. 36. ( . 16.83 30.2 } |() . 7 l3.97 23. Hl l, l;5.1 lº. 39 19. 36 Hl, J. C. lº. 87
lſ)O lC5.5 537.9 || 19. 117 5 h. 30 5112.2 | 18. Ol 3/.25 916. J l?. 15 28.73 55l. V l6.5 l; 23.6i 556. T 16.06
l2O l26.2 612. l. 20. l;2 64.69 6||7.3 l8.96 hh .2l 52. 3 18. ll 33.97 5 (.6 l'7. 90 27.82 toty2.8 l'ſ .03
ll.0 l!;6.8 7|16. 7 || 21.22 79.05 752.0 | 19.77 5l. ll ‘(5/. ) l8.92 39. 19 762.9 18. 31 32.0l. (U&. , 17.3),
18O 188.0 955. l 22. 53 95. (O 960.9 || 21.08 6}.95 906, .9 20. 21. h9.5"/ J72.8 9.03 '10.3% * (8.8 l, . 16.
22O 229. l ll63.2 || 23.58 lló. 3 lló9. H | 22.13 78.7l ll'75. 7 || 21.28 59.92 ll32.O | 20.68 118.03 1188. : 20. 22
260 27C). l l371.2 2h. iil, l36.9 1377.7 23.00 92. HS 1381.2 22. 16 70.21; 1390.8 2l. 99 96.90 139'ſ. 3 el. Q 2.
300 3ll. 2 1579. l 25.19 lj7. H 1585.8 23.75 106.2 1592.6 22.90 80. 51, lj9%. 3 22. 30 65. 16 lf,0ſ, v 21.8%

* From published data, National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note lºl (Jan 1962)
Bold horizontal line indicates phase change (liquid above, vapor below the line).
Conversions
To
To
To
TO
To
for Units, to Equivalent in British System of Units:
convert temperature in degrees Kelvin (°K) to degrees Rankine (“R), multiply (“K) by 1.8
convert pressure in atmospheres (atm) to (psia), multiply (atm) by 14.6
convert volume (v) in cubic centimeters per gram (cm/g) to (cu ft/lb), multiply (cm/g) by .016018
convert enthalpy (h) in joules per gram (J/g) to (Btu/lb), multiply (J/g) by .2993
convert entropy (s) in joules per gram “K (j/g°K) to (Btu/lb’R), multiply (J/g"K) by .23885
II–F–1
H - S D|AGRAM
FOR HELIUM
TEMPERATURE, (T) °K
PRESSURE, (P) dt m
DENSITY, ( p , g/cm3
Not ionol Bureou of Stondords
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
Boulder, Colorado
5 O 12.5 15.O 17.5 2OO
7.5 |OO
•K
ENTROPY, Joules /g
Prepared from: National Pureau of ; tındards, Technicat Hote, TN tº º, ºn nun: y : * ,
“Th" ſher-,1,ratt - Propertſ :: ºf Her ſum trom 3 to 3& “K between O." ºn tº
Atmºspheres", Dougi as H. Mºſul, , , " ":" ºr vºwer, 1 c Du tº Center, 8 at Until tºureux, 21
3*.*n\}ºrtià, toulder, C.1 rºle, .
F. D. Mºnrºy, L. . . Er tº ka (January A. l.

II–F–2
|
TURE-ENTROPY CHART
FOR HELIUM
PRESSURE, (P) d?m
DENSITY, (p) q / cm.”
ENTHALPY, (H)
Joules / Q
Notional Bureou of Stondords
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
Boulder, Colorado
8 9 IO || |2 |3 14 15 I6 I7 |8 19 20
ENTROPY, Joules / g "K
Prºpared from: Nat 12:18, hºurt au of Štandards, Technict, I Notc., Ti l ; , , January 1 tº ,
"The Thermodynaſtic Propert it's of He; fur from 3 to 300 "K tºrtween ... ', and 10C
Atmºspheres", Exoug Lºs B. Mººnſ, : by the Cryogenic Date Center, National Bureau of
$t.atidiards, "Juider, Colly!'t do.
R. D. McCarty, L. J. Ericks (January 1 + k)

II–F–3
|5
O
TEMPERATURE - ENTROPY CHART
FOR HELIUM
PRESSURE, (P) of m
DENSITY, (e) q / cm3
ENTHALPY, (H) Joules / Q
Notional Bureau of Standards
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
Boulder, Colorodo
2O
ENTROPY, Joules /g *K
25
H-250 Joules/Q
|


II–F–4
O.2
O,26
O, 24
O. 22
O. 20
O. : 8
2.5
THERMAL CONDUCT | V | T Y
of L | QU | D H E L | UM
3. O 3, 5
TEMPERATURE , *K
4. O

II-G-1. 1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of LIQUID HELIUM
Source of Data:
(at Saturation)
Grenier, C., Phys. Rev. 83, No. 3, 589-603 (1951)
Other References:
Bowers, I. R., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) A65, 5ll-ló (1952)
Brewer, D. F. and Edwards, D. O. , Proc. Phys. Soc. (London)
Tl, ll'7-125 (1958)
Fairbank, H. A. and Wilks, J., Phys. Rev. 95, 277-8 (July 1951)
Comments:
The thermal conductivity is a linear function of temperature
between 2.5° and l;.5°K.
The Absolute Temperature Scale (0°C = 273.16°K = 1.9l. 56°R) was
used in the table of selected values below.

Temperature Thermal Conductivity
°K *R milliwatts BTU
cm- “K FEThrºR
2.3 H.ll. 0.lòl 0.010 H5
2. li. H.32 ..l.95 .010 65
2.6 lº.68 ..l.95 . Oll 25
2.8 5.0l. .205 .0ll 81
3. O 5. It .2ll; . Olº 35
3.5 6.3 .238 . Ol3 Tl
H.0 7.2 .262 . Olj l
lº.2 7.56 .27l ..Ol; 65
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II–G–1.2
:
.2
O
,8
, 6
,4
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY | - - -
of GASEOUS HELIUM - - - - - -
neqr | Otmosphere
50 |OO | 5 O 2OO - 25 O
TEMPERATURE , *k
3OO



Source of Data:
Akin, S. W., Trans. ASME 72, 75l-57 (Aug. 1950)
Other References:
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of GASEOUS HELIUM
(Near One Atmosphere)
Amdur, I., J. Chem. Phys. 15, No. 7, 182-85 (July 1917)
Hawkins, G. A., Trans. ASME TO, 655 (1918)
Hilsenrath, J. and Touloukian, Y. S., Trans. ASME 76, No. 6 (Aug. 1954)
Kannuluik, W. G. and Carman, E. H., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) B65,
No. 393, 701-9 (Sept. 1952)
Keyes, F. G., Trans. ASME T3, 589 (July 1951)
Keyes, F. G., Trans. ASME 76, No. 5, 809–16 (July 1954)
Waelbrock, P. Zuckerbrodt, J. Chem. Phys. 28, 523 (1958)
Comments:
The Absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K = 191.56°R) was used
in the table below.

Temperature Thermal Conductivity
milliwatts BTU
°K *R °F CIn ft. hir
5.38 9.69 -l:50 0.109 0.0063
10.9k 19.69 || -ll:0 O. l83 O.Oloé
16.19 29.69 -l:30 O. 230 O. Ol33
22.05 39.69 -l;20 O.277 O.OlóO
27.61 l;9.69 —llo O.322 O.Ol36
33.16 59.69 -l:00 O.363 O.O2l O
88.72 159.69 –300 O.692 0.0l.00
llil; .27 259.69 –2OO O.95 O.O55O
199.83 359.69 —l OO l.l6. O.O673
255.38 l:59.69 O l. 37 O.O792
366.19 659.69 2OO l. 73 O. loCO
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II–G–2. 2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HELIUM
Sources of Data:
Wolfke, M., and Onnes, H. K. (1924), Further Experiments with Liquid Helium. Wolfke on
the Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium. , Verslag Gewone Vergader. Afdeel. Natuurk.
Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. 33,696–700; Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 17 lb (1924);
Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 27, 621 (1921); C.A. 19, 758 (1925).
Wolfke, M., and Keesom, W. H. (1927), On the Change of the Dielectric Constant of
Liquid Helium with the Temperature. Provisional Measurements. , Verslag Gewone
Vergader. Afdeel. Natuurk. Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. 36, 1209–17; Communs. Phys. Lab.
Univ. Leiden No. 199a (1927); Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 31, 81-89 (1928);
C.A. 22, 1896 (1928). .
Wolkfe, M., and Keesom, W. H. (1928), New Measurements About the Way in which the
Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium Depends on the Temperature. , Verslag Gewone
Vergader. Afdeel. Natuurk: Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. 37, 533-39; Proc. Acad. Sci.
*::: 800-06 (1928); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 192a (1928);
C.A. 22, 1,318 (1928).
Keesom, W. H. (1912), Helium, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, page 322.
Benedicks, C. (1918), On the Nature of "Suprafluid" Helium II., Arkiv. Mat. Astron.
Fysik 35A, No. 10, 1-21; C.A. 3, 155 (1919). *
Grebenkemper, C. J., and Hagen, J. P. (1950), The Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium. ,
Phys. Rev. 80, 89; C.A. h5, 106 (1951).
Maryott, A. A., and Smith, E. R. (1951), Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids. ,
Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. No. 5ll; C. A. lé, 2357 (1952).
Lynch, E. J. (1956), On the Lambda Point in Liquid Helium. , Duke University, Master's
Thesis.
Chase, C. E., Maxwell, E., and Millett, W. E. (1961), The Dielectric Constant of Liquid
Helium. , Physica 27, llag-H5; Maxwell, E., Chase, C. E. and Millett, W. E. , (1958),
Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium. , Low Temperature Physics and Chemistry, 53-56,
Proc. 5th Intern. Conf. held at Madison, Wisc. , Aug. 1957; University of Wisconsin
Press, Madison, l958.
Comments:
Wolfke and Onnes determined the dielectric constant of liquid helium at 765 mm and H.2°K
by means of high-frequency oscillations by a method elaborated by Wolfſke at the Physical
Institute of the Technical High School at Warsaw. They found a value of l. Olć # 0.001 at
765 mm and l.2°K.
II–H–1.1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HELIUM
(cont.)
Wolfke and Keesom report two sets of data on the variation of the dielectric constant
with temperature between l.8 and l.2°K at pressures between 10 and 760 mm of Hg in what
they refer to as provisional measurements. They regarded the second set of measurements
as less reliable than the first, but both sets showed a discontinuity at the X point.
In a second paper Wolfke and Keesom report additonal values between 2.0 and l,.2°K at
pressures from 20 to 757 mm of Hg.
Wolfke and Keesom made their determinations employing a radio frequency of 500 kc and
quote an accuracy of t 0.00l. From optical data they calculate the value of the
dielectric constant of liquid helium at the normal boiling point to be l.0495, differing
by only 0.14% from the value of l.0480 of Wolfke and Onnes.
Keesom in his book Helium, page 323, calculated the value from optical data to be l.0491,
differing by only 0.ll; from the value of Wolfke and Onnes. In addition, Keesom states:
"As a matter of fact we are now convinced that a jump in the dielectric constant does
not exist, but that a discontinuity in the course of the dielectric constant is in fact
a discontinuity in the derivative to temperature, just as is the case in the curve of
the density."
Commenting on the dielectric constant, Benedicks states: "Due to the ionization admitted,
it is natural to expect considerable change of this constant to occur near the lambda
point. As a matter of fact, the curve dielectric constant versus temperature is the only
one where an actual discontinuity has been supposed to occur in the lambda range - it was
actually drawn as if it corresponded to a phase transition. Even if, as Keesom says, a
jump in the dielectric constant is now considered not to exist, the change at the lambda
point appears to be still more obvious for the dielectric constant than for any other
property known." - e
Grebenkemper and Hagen made measurements of the dielectric constant of liquid helium at
a series of temperatures and obtained values between l.62 and 1.21°K. Their data are
consistently higher by 0.1% than those of Wolfke and Keesom.
Maryott and Smith have compiled six values at l atmosphere and temperatures from 2.06
to l;.l.9°K.
Lynch presents dieletric constant data in graphical form for the range l. 75 to 3.25°K.
These values are indicated to be in agreement with Wolfke and Keesom's results.
Chase, Maxwell, and Millett quote no numerical data, but a graph of their results
illustrates agreement with the curve of Grebenkemper and Hagen down to about 2.6°K but
is somewhat higher near and below the lambda point. The difference reaches a maximum
of about 0.03% at l.6°K. -
II–H–l. 2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HELIUM
(cont.)
lst Set (1927) Wolfſke and Keesom (lg28)
Temp. Pressure Dielectric Temp. Pressure Dielectric
°K mm Hg Constant °K mm Hg Constant
1.21 766.5 l. OlćO H.l.9 75l.0 l.018
2.6l. 82.9 l,0566 3.57 377.2 1.05179
2.55 69.6 l. O576 3.59 387.2 l.0517h
2. l;8 60.1 l, O579 3.09 l89.6 l.05377
2.39 19.8 l.O582 3.58 385.8 l.05165
2.28 38.1 l.0590 2.6l. 83.6 l.05535
2. l.2 25.8 l.O577 3.09 l88.9 l.05391;
l.90 l3.8 l.0580 2. 31.l HO.l l.O5579
2.630 82.3 l. O5525
2nd Set (1927) 2.296 38.8 l.05591;
Temp. Pressure Dielectric : : i;
K mm Hg Constant 2. 335 l;2.5 l.05573
2.282 37.5 l.O5580
; ſº: *:::::: 2.295 38.65 l. O5593
#. º: i: 2.295 38.66 l.05586
© & t 2.279 37.2 l,05585
2.26 T36.2 l.0582 2.286 37.9 l.O558l
2.24 731.l l.0581 e l,
2.20 T3.l.l l.0581 2.055 2O. T. l.05519
ſº wº e 2.276 37.0 l.0558,
2.l.9 730.2 l.O579 2.0l. 20.0 l.05575
2.ll 724.9 l.O577 & e e
2.03 719.9 l.0579
l.80 710. l l.0576
l. 75 708.8 l.O575
Maryott and Smith (1951)
(atmospheric pressure)
Temp. Dielectric
°K Constant
2.06 l.0555
2.30 l. O559
2.63 l.0553
3.09 l.0539
3.58. l.0518
H. l9 1.Olſ&O
Grebenkemper and Hagen (1950)
(atmospheric pressure)
Temp. Dielectric
°K Constant
H.2l l. Ol;92
3.04 l.0551;
2.6l, l.O568
2.25 1.057,
2. l.9 l.0571,
l.97 l.057l
l.62 l.0569


Reprinted from NBS 8252
II–H–1. 3
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HELIUM
Sources of Data:
Hochheim, E. (1908), Bestimung der Dielektrizitatskonstante von Helium. (Determination
of the Dielectric Constant of Helium.), Verhandl. deut. physik. Ges. 10, likó; C.A. 2,
3175 (1908).
* Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Gaseous Substances in the Ultraviolet Spectrum. ,
Arkiv Mat. Astron. Fysik 8, No. 20; C.A. 1, 2711 (1913).
* Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Light in Gases in the Ultraviolet Region., Arkiv Mat.
Astron. Fysik 2, No. 6; P.A. 17, 233 (1911).
Watson, H. E., Rao, G. G., and Ramaswamy, H. L. (1931), The Dielectric Coefficients of
Gases. Part I. The Rare Gases and Hydrogen., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) liºA, 569-85;
C.A. 25, 5320 (1931).
Cuthbertson, C., and Cuthbertson, M. (1932), The Refraction and, Dispersion of Neon and
Helium., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) iſſ, 10; C.A. 26, 2093 (1932).
Van Itterbeek, A., and Spaepen, J. (1913), Mésures sur la Constante Diélectrique de
Quelques Gaz non Polaires (Hº, D*, He, 0°, et l'Air) et CO Entre la Température
Ordinaire et 20°Abs. (Measurements of the Dielectric Constants of Several Non-polar
Gases (H2, De, He, O2 and Air) and CO Between Ordinary Temperature and 20°Abs.),
Physica 10, 173–84; C.A. 38, 5ll;2 (1911).
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1916), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases. , Phys.
Rev. 69, lol-5; C.A. lio, 2366 (1946). -
Jelatis, J. G. (1948), Measurements of Dielectric Constant and Dipole Moment of Gases by
the Beat-Frequency Method. , J. Appl. Phys. 19, 119-25; C.A. l.2, 6593 (1918).
Miller, J. G. (1918), VI. Dielectric-Constant and Refractivity Data., Trans. A.S.M.E. 70,
645-9; C.A. l.2, 7117 (1948).
Clay, J., and Van der Maesen, F. (1919), The Absolute Dielectric Constant of Gases at
Pressures of 0-80 Atm. at 25°C., Physica 15, 167–80; C.A. lili, 3318 (1950).
Birnbaum, G. , Kryder, S. J., and Lyons, H. (1951), Microwave Measurements of the Dielectric
Properties of Gases. , J. Appl. Phys. 22, 95-102; C.A. l.2, 32.13 (1951).
Khaikin, M. B., and Prozorova, L. A. (1952), The Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of
º: Helium. (In Russian), Zhur. Eksptl. i Teoret. Fiz. 23, 733-k; C.A. l. T., 5196
l953).
Essen, L. (1953), The Refractive Indices of Water Vapour, Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, #;"
Deuterium and Helium. , Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 66B, 189-93; C.A. 17, 9083f (1953).
Maryott, A. A., and Buckley, F. (1953), Table of Dielectric Constants and Electric Dipole
Moments of Substances in the Gaseous State. , Natl. Bur. Standards. Circ. 537;
C.A. H.T., 10928 (1953).
Oudemans, G. J., and Cole, R. H. (1959), Dielectric Constant and Pair Interactions in
Gaseous Helium and Argon., J. Chem. Phys. 31, 81.3-l; C.A. 5, 5191 (1960).
Johnston, D. R., Oudemans, G. J., and Cole, R. H. (1960), Dielectric Constants of Imperfect
Gases. I. Helium, Argon, Nitrogen, and Methane. , J. Chem. Phys. 33, l:310-17; C. A. 55,
l;032 (1961).
Comments:
Using the electrostatic method, Hochheim in 1908 reported a value of the dielectric constant
of gaseous helium of l.OOOO7l, it O.OOOOOly, very much in line with the best of recent deter-
minations. He stated that the value agreed well with the value calculated from the data
of Rayleigh (l.0000812), Ramsay (l.OOOO721), and Scheel (l.OOOO662) on the index of
II-H-2.1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HELIUM
(cont.)
refraction (n), using Maxwell's relation D = r^.
Watson et al., measured the dielectric constant by the heterodyne beat method at 25 and
-191°C. They report values of l.0000667 and l.000065, for 25°C and 760 mm, determined
from measurements at 25 and -l91°C respectively. They also report values of l.0000728
and l.0000713 for 0°C and 760 mm, determined from measurements at 25 and -191°C respective-
ly. These values are compared with those given by optical methods where the square of the
index of refraction at 0°C as measured at infinite wavelength is given as l.0000696. This
value is apparently an average of values as determined by C. and M. Cuthbertson, Scheel,
and Siertsema. Van Itterbeek and Spaepen give values at 20.38, 90.22 and 292.3°K.
Hector and Woernley report an average of eleven determinations of 1,0000684:0.0000005
using the heterodyne beat method. This value is reported as at NTP which probably means
0°C and l atmosphere.
Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson report an index of refraction which through the Cauchy
relation yields a dielectric constant of l.0000692 at 0°C and l atmosphere. The work of
Jelatis was concerned mainly with removing the small errors inherent in previous methods
of measuring dielectric constants. The helium they used was carefully purified by keeping
it in contact with activated charcoal immersed in a bath of liquid nitrogen. He reports.
a value of l.0000692 as the average of eight determinations when the charcoal had been
freshly activated, l.0000695 as the average in the case of five determinations using
charcoal which had been left standing for several weeks, and finally l.0000691 as the
average of eight determinations using freshly activated charcoal. All the above values
are at 0°C and l atm. (STP), using the heterodyne beat method.
Miller presents a review of dielectric constant and refractivity data. He includes a
compilation of dielectric constant values for 0°C and l atmosphere. Because index of
refraction data extrapolated to infinite wavelenth are regarded as a more accurate source
of dielectric constant values, Miller gives for comparison values of né.
Clay and Van der Maesen determined values of the dielectric constants by a heterodyne
beat method at 298.15°K and from 0 to 80 atmospheres and report a value for helium of
l.000063 + 0.000002 at NTP (Probably 25°C and l atm).
Birnbaum, Kryder, and Lyons made measurements of the dielectric constant of helium at
9280 Mc by a resonant cavity method and report a value of l.0000705 + 0.000Coll for 0 °C
and 760 mm of Hg.
Khaikin and Prozorova made measurements on gaseous helium at 2.l38, 3.45|l, and l. l.20 °K by
determining the change in resonance frequency at 9500 Mc and report a value of l.OOOO690
it 0.0000003 for 0°C and l atmosphere. t
Essen reports the index of refraction of gaseous helium at 0°C and 760 mm of Hg as
l. OOOO35. Using the relation e = n°, we obtain e = l. OOOOTO.
Maryott and Buckley made a critical review of dielectric constants obtained by radio
frequency, microwave and optical methods and recalculated by one of two systematic
procedures in order to place the work of various experimentors on a more comparable basis
than exists in the literature. They recommend a value of l.0000650 + 0.000000l. at 20 °C
and l atmosphere.
Johnston et al. indicate graphically the behavior of the Clausius-Mossotti function at
296 °K up to a density of 3 moles/liter; but no dielectric constant values are given.
Oudemans and Cole discuss the dielectric constant and pair interactions in gaseous helium
and argon as related to the Clausius-Mossotti function. Their results, presented
graphically, indicate that the Clausius-Mossotti expression (e - l)/ p (e + 2) varies
linearly from 522 x 10° liters/mole at zero density and 23.1°C to 520 x 10-6 liters/mole at
a density of 3.6 moles /liter (100 atmospheres pressure) and 23.1°C.
II–H–2. 2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HELIUM
(cont.)

Van Itterbeek and Spaepen (1913)
Temp. Pressure Dielectric
°K mm Hg Constant
292.3 756 l.OOOO65
292.3 758 l.OOOO76
292.3 762 l.000065
90.22 762 l.000229
90.22 759 l.000210
20.38 763 l.OOO969
20.38 758 l.000969
Clay and Van der Maesen (1919)
(at 298.15°K)
Pressure Dielectric
atm Constant
5. 70 l.OOOl;29
16.9l l.OOl.0l.9
21.86 l.001369
33.03 l.OOlT79
39.57 l.OO2.168
l;9.50 l.002753
60.19 l.003438
61.10 l.00348l
l.OO3772
65.08
Reprinted from NBS 8252
II–H–2. 3
O.4O
O. 20
SURFACE TENSION
of LIQUID HELIUM
2 3 4. 5
TEMPERATURE, *K

II–I-1
SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID HELIUM
Source of Data:
Other References:
COmments :
Van Urk, T. A., Keesom, W. H. and Onnes, H.K.,
Commun. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 179a (1925)
Allen, J. F. and Misener, A. D., Proceedings of
the Cambridge Philosophical Society 34, 299
(1938)
Keesom, W. H., Helium, Elsevier, Amsterdam
(1942) 494 pp.
Atkins, K. R., Can. J. Phys. 31, lló5-69 (1953)
The absolute temperature scale (0°C - 273.15°K)
was used in the table of selected values below.
The values in this table are from a smoothed
curve down through the data points of the
SOll Y Ce S •

O Surface Tension
Temp , K Dynes/cm
l.0 0.347
l .5 0.334
2.0 0.3 lo
2.5 0.264
3. O O . 213
3.5 0. l66
4.0 0. ll 6
4.2 O . 098
4.5 O ... O 68%
5.0 O ... O 20 *
5.2 O . OO &
*Extrapolated values
II–I-2
i
VISCOSITY of
L|QUID HELIUM
3
TEMPERATURE, *K

II—J–1.1
WISCOSITY of LIQUID HELIUM
Source of Data:
Taylor, R. D. and Dash, J. G., Phys. Rev. 106, No. 3, 398-403
(May 1957).
Other References :
Giauque, W. R., et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 65%-60 (March 1939)
Woods, A. D. B. and Hollis Hallett, A. C., Can. J. Phys. 36,
253–ll25 (1958)
Dash, J. G., and Taylor, R. D., Phys. Rev. 101, No. 5, 1228-1237
(Sept. 1957)
Comments:
The absolute temperature (0°C - 273.16°K) was used in the table
of selected values below.

Temp. Wiscosity
•K micropoise
2.186 * 27.8
2.2 28.9
2.3 32.6
2.l. 35.0
2.6 37.3
2.8 37.8
3.0 37.6
3.2 37.l.
3.4 37.0
3.6 36.7
3.8 36.3
l.0 36.0
* X-Point Transition Temperature
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II—J–1.2
2 O O
| 5 O
| O O
5 O
VISCOSITY of
GASEOUS HELIUM
ds of one of mosphere
50 |OO 150 2OO
TEMPERATURE, "K
25O
2 O O
| 5 O
I O O
5 O
3OO

II—J–2. 1
WISCOSITY of GASEOUS HELIUM
(as of l atmosphere)
Source of Data:
Akin, S. W., Trans. ASME 72, 751-57 (Aug. 1950)
Other References :
Hawkins, G. A., Trans. ASME TO, 655 (1948)
Hilsenrath, J. and Touloukian, Y. S., Trans. ASME 16, No. 6 (Aug. 1954)
Keller, w. E., Phys. Rev. 105, 41-5 (Jan. 1957)
Keyes, F. G., Trans. ASME 13, 589 (July 1951)
Kestin, J. and Pelarczyk, K., Trans. ASME 76, 987-999 (1954)
Kestin, J. and Wang, H. E., Trans. ASME 80, ll (1958) -
Amdur, I., J. Chem. Phys. 15, No. 7 (July 1917) *
Wan Itterbeek, F. W., Schapink, G. J., Van den Berg, G. J. and Van Beek,
H. J. M., Physica XIX, ll:8-1162 (1953)
Comments :
Values for viscosity are given for moderate pressures in the neighborhood
of one atmosphere. In this region the viscosity is practically independ-
ent of pressure.
The absolute temperature scale (0°C = 273.16°K) was used in the table of
selected values below.

Temp. Wiscosity | Temp. • Wiscosity
*K micropoise °K micropoise
5.5 10.k 125.0 lik
10.0 22.3 150.0 128
20.0 35.0 175.0 1H2
30.0 l;5.k. 200.0 155
l;0.0 5k.8 225.0 166
50.0 63.3 250.0 178
75.0 8l.9 275.0 191
100.0 99.0 300.0 2Ol
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II—J–2.2
WELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM
Sources of Data:
Atkins, K. R. and Stasior, R. A.; Can. J. Phys. 31, llS6 (1953)
Chase, C. E.; Phys. Fluids l, 193 (1958)
Findlay, J. C. , Pitt, A. , Smith, H. G. and Wilhelm, J. O. ; Phys. Rev.
5l., 506 (1938)
Findlay, J. C. , Pitt, A. , Smith, H. G. and Wilhelm, J. O. 5 Phys. Rev.
56, 122 (1939)
Van Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M. ; Physica 23, 63 (1957)
Van Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M. ; Physica 23, 905 (1957)
Other References:
Atkins, K. R. and Osborne, D. W.; Phil. Mag. lil, 1078 (1950)
Atkins, K. R. and Chase, C. E.; Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) A61, 826 (1951)
Burton, E. F.; Nature, lll, 970 (1938)
Chase, C. E.; Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A220, lló (1953)
Pellam, J. R. and Squire, C. F.; Phys. Rev. 72, l.245 (1947)
Pippard, A. B. ; Phil. Mag. H2, 1209 (1951)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Forrez, G.; Physica 20, 133 (1951)
Van den Berg, G. J. , Van Itterbeek, A. , Van Aardenne, G. M. W. and
Herfkens, J. H. J.; Physica 21, 860 (1955)
COmments:
The values of velocity of sound reported here are for ordinary sound in
He" and do not include the velocities of second sound also associated
with liquid helium. The data for the velocity of sound tabulated below
and illustrated on the graph are from the references listed above as
sources of data. The data for the Saturated Liquid (liquid at the boiling
point) listed in Table I, are from the paper by Findlay, et al. With
additional data for Helium II listed in Table II from the paper by Chase.
The values for pressures from 2.5 to 70 atm. tabulated in Table III are
from the paper by Atkins and Stasior. Additional data in Tables IV, V, VI,
VII illustrate the variation of the velocity of sound as a function of
frequency. These data are from the two papers by Wan Itterbeek, Forrez
and Teirlinck.
It will be noted that the graph indicates a discontinuity at the X point
(phase boundary between Helium I and Helium II). The work of Findlay,
Pitt, Smith and Wilhelm showed a drop in the velocity of sound in liquid
Helium I as the X point (2.19% K) was approached, and below the X point
the velocity rose again, as illustrated on the graph, however, no dis-
continuous decrease in velocity was noted. However, Ehrenfest's thermo-
dynamic relations for a phase change of the second order (one involving
no latent heat) require that there be a discontinuity in the velocity
of Sound at this point. The authors concluded that this failure to show
(Continued on following page)
II-K-1. 1
WELOCITY OF SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
a decrease was due to the formation of bubbles. In order to check this
theory they repeated the experiment using pressures up to five atmospheres
in order to prevent the formation of bubbles. Under these conditions
the predicted discontinuity was observed, as illustrated below.
The Welocity of Sound in Liquid
* 275
O |-
; \- S Helium under Various Pressures
N.
(ſ)
: 250 HA > I - Vapor Pressure
# \ts Dr. - -
E. \- III II – l Atmosphere
O
z 225 >\Ts III - 2. h7 Atmospheres
O -
º N - 5.5 Atmospheres
O
- 200 Y
g tº-N
Li QUID
d iſs | |
> 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.O 4.0

TEMPERATURE, ok
.don 4 - 13 - 61
Pellam and Squire, working at normal evaporation pressures found no dis-
continuity, and concluded that their results were due to the lack of
higher pressures as used in the experiments of Findlay et al. On
Strictly theoretical grounds, using numerous assumptions, Pippard con-
cluded that the anomalous behavior at the X. point was due to inclusions
of He II in He I immediately above the X point, and inclusions of He I
in He II immediately below the X point. Pippard also stated that these
inclusions should have a mean radius of 2.l. x 10-7 cm, each consisting
of about 850 atoms, in order to explain the curves. In this way the
absence of the discontinuity required by Ehrenfest could be accounted
for. Atkins and Osborne determined the velocities below the X point.
Atkins and Chase determined the velocity curve both above and below the
X point and found no discontinuity. Their velocities were slightly
lower than those of Findlay et al. near the X point. Atkins and Stasior
observed no discontinuities for the series of velocity—temperature
curves at constant pressure reported here. The work of Chase published
in 1953 and in 1958 is in close agreement with that of Findlay et al.
Van Itterbeek, Forrez and Teirlinck made measurements on the velocity of
Sound in liquid hºlium in the neighborhood of l’K with frequencies of
200, 500, 600, 800, and 1500 kilocycles per second. A small minimum
was observed at 800 kilocycles per second for the velocity as a function
(Continued on following page)
II-K-l. 2
VELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
of frequency which does not appear at the boiling point. These values
are tabulated in Tables IV and W. Wan Itterbeek, Forrez and Teirlinck
in a second article made the observations listed in Table WI, and
stated that the velocity as a function of frequency is constant to With-
in one part in 2400, and that the velocity seems to be constant as a
function of temperature. At the boiling point they found no difference
in the velocity using two frequencies, as shown in Table VII.
Table I. The Welocity of Sound for Saturated Liquidº

Temperature Velocity
°K m/sec
He I
lº.22 l'79.8
l.0 - l89.2
3.6 2O6.5
2.5 223.3
2.20 22l. 2
He II w
2.18 22l. T
2.0 225.3
l. T6 231. H.
* Findlay, Pitt, Smith and Wilhelm
Table II. Velocity of Sound in Helium II*

Temp. Welocity Temp. Welocit,
°K (m/sec) °K jj
1.3 236.73 l.9 229. l;7
l.l. 236.35 2.0 226.68
l. 5 235.66 2.05 221.90
l.6 231.6l. 2.l.0 222.72
l.T 233.28 2. lº 220.2O
l.8 231.70 2.l79 218.00
* Chase
(Continued on following page)
II-K-1. 3
VELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
Table III. The Velocity of First Sound in Liquid Helium+
Velocity of Sound, m/sec
Temp. Pressure, atm.
O Vapor
K press. | *-2 || 2 lo l; 20 25 30 || ||O || 50 | 60 | TO
l.25 || 237 257 273 || 300 326|| 3116 || 365
l. 50 || 235 | 256 272 299 || 325 || 31.5 362
l. 75 233 252 270 298 || 323 31.2 355
l.80 232 25l 269 297 || 32l 339 || 352
l.90 229 || 21:9 || 267 295 || 318 || 333 ||3|8 || 372
2. OO 227 21,7| 265 292 || 312 || 336 || 358 379
2. lo 222 210 || 259 || 288 || 317|3|O || 361 || 382
2. 20 219 210 || 259 293 || 322 || 31|| || 366 || 385 || ||l.9
2.25 22O 21:2 26l 295 || 323 || 31.5 367 386 || ||2O
2.50 222 2ll 265 298 || 326||3|8 || 369 || 388 || ||22 || ||5l *
3.00 218 21.2 26|| || 298 || 327 || 319 || 37O || 389 || ||23 l;52 || ||81 || 510
3.50 2O6 230 || 256 296 || 325 || 31.9 || 37O || 389 || ||23 l;52 | 181 || 510
l.00 l90 216 2116 290 32l | 31||7 || 369 || 388 || ||23 || ||52 | 181 || 510
li. 20 18O 206 || 21, l 285 || 318 31.5 || 368 || 387 || ||22 l;52 l;81 || 510
Values above the line in the table are for Helium II, and below the
line for Helium I. -
* Atkins and Stasior

Table IV. Variation of Velocity of Sound with Frequency}

Temp. | Press. Wel. Frequency Temp. Press. Wel. Frequency
°K mm Hg m/sec Kc/sec °K mm Hg m/sec Kc/sec
l.076 .2ll 238.05 218.59 l.ll6 .336 237.75 218.63
l.l.08 .315 238.05 218.56 l.l.23 .357 238.05 218.56
l.08l .250 237.75 513.12 l.ll6 .336 237. l;0 813.76
l.08l .250 237.75 512.76 l.ll:6 . l.20 237.22 813. lil;
l.08l .250 237.57 621.Ol l.l.23 .357 237.78 ll lºg.28
l.090 .273 237. l;8 800.33 l. 123 .357 237.69 ll. T6.O5
l.O76 .2ll 237.8l ll,81.92 l.ll6 .336 237.6l. ll. T6.05
l.099 .291, 237.68 ll,76.05
* Van Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M.; Physica 23, 63 (1957)
(Continued on following page)
II-K-1.4
Comments:
(cont.)
VELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID HELIUM (Cont.)
Table W. Variation of Welocity of Sound with Frequency,
for Saturated Liquid:#
Temp. Pressure Velocity Velocity% Frequency
°K mm Hg m/sec m/šec Kc/sec
li.221 763.3 18O.38 l80.32 ll,69.92
l.216 761.2 l80.39 18O.18 ll,8l. 78
l; .222 761.3 18O.O8 18O.O5 8ll.lº
l; .223 765.l lT9.9l 179.9l 799.83
lº.222 76/.3 l8O.68 l80.65 623.60
l; .218 76.L.5 l80.37 18O.22 512.7O
H.2ll; 758.50 l8O. 5l. 180.21; 218.33
lº.226 767. Hl l80.Ol l80. LO 218.2l
* Wan Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M. ; Physica
23, 63 (1957) * -
* Corrected to h.223°K
Table VI. Variation of Velocity of Sound with Frequency}}
Temp. Press. Velocity | Frequency Temp. | Press. Velocity | Frequency
°K mm Hg m/sec Ke/sec °K mm Hg m/sec Kc/sec
O.985 ..l.05 238.5l. 218.2% O.985 ..l.05 237.63 226.212
O.985 ..l.05 238.35 218. Ol? O. 985 ..l.05 237.63 523.03
O.985 ..l.05 238.27 2ll. 257 O.985 ..l.05 237.53 8OO. 37),
O.985 ..l.05 237.8l 226.385 O.997 .ll;6 237.73 ll.95.76
O.985 . 105 237.65 226.2kl - -
Table VII. Velocity of Sound at l; .223°K++
Frequency Velocity
Ke/sec m/sec
217.97 l80.69
226.7O6 l8O. l;9
226. |85 l8O.75
226.706 l8O. 59
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
* Van Itterbeek, A., Forrez, G. and Teirlinck, M.; Physica 23, 905 (1957)




II-K–1, 5
| 700
500
VELOCITY OF SOUND |6OO
|N
L|QUID HELIUM
|500
450
SOLIDIFICATION
CURVE —||400
400 |3OO
| 200
350 2O.O At m.
|| OO
|5. O
|OOO
3OO
90O
25O
8OO
H ELI UM DI
HEL | UM I 7OO
2OO
SATURATED
VAPOR PRESSURE 600
|.O 2.O - 3 O 4.O
TEMPERATURE, *K

II-K–1. 6

WELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM
ources of Data:
Van Itterbeek, A. and Keesom, W. H., Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden
Commun. No. 209c (1930); Wis-en Natuurk. Tijdschr. 5, 69 (1930)
Keesom, W. H. and Van Itterbeek, A., Koninkl. Ned. Akad 31, 20' (1931);
Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden Commun. No. 213b (1931)
Wan Itterbeek, A. and Thys, L., Physica 5, 889 (1938)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Van Doninck, W., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 58,
615 (1916)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Van Doninck, W., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 62B,
62 (1919) - -
Schneider, W. G. and Thiessen, G. J., Can. J. Research 28A, 509 (1950)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Forrez, G., Physica 20, 767 (1954)
Van Itterbeek, A. and De Laet, W., Physica 21, 59 (1958)
ther References:
Keesom, W. H. and Wan Itterbeek, A. , Koninkl, Ned Akad. Wetenschapen,
Proc. 33, lilio (1930); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden Commun. No.
209a (1930)
Omments:
The values of the velocity of sound in gaseous helium are presented here
as functions of temperature and pressure, from temperatures of 2.078°K
to 290°K, and pressures from 0 to l atmosphere. The velocity of Sound
at the vapor pressure at various temperatures is also given. The data
tabulated below and illustrated on the graphs are from the references
listed above under "Sources of Data".
The data illustrated in the graph of velocity of Sound versus
temperature and tabulated below are from Keesom and Wan Itterbeek; Van
Itterbeek and Keesom; Wan Itterbeek and Van Doninck; Wan. Itterbeek and
Thys; and Schneider and Thiessen. All of the above investigators report
that all values were obtained at nearly atmospheric pressures. No
mention is made by any of the above authors of the purity of the
experimental samples used. The data reported by Keesom and Van
Itterbeek are estimated by the authors to have a maximum error of 0.1%.
The frequency of the sound used is not given. Wan Itterbeek and Keesom
report a maximum error in their observations of 0.15%, and again no
mention is made of the frequency of the sound used. Wan Itterbeek and
Van Doninck report a frequency of 523.78 kilocycles per second used in
their determinations of velocity of sound, but they make no specific
claims on the accuracy of their data. Schneider and Thiessen; and Wan
Itterbeek and Thys used ultrasonics of unreported frequency in their
experiments and did not estimate the accuracy of their observations.
Wan Itterbeek and Forrez; and Wan Itterbeek and De Laet report velocities
of sound at various constant temperatures below 5°K as a function of
(Continued on following page)
II-K-2, i
WELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
pressure. These data are tablulated below and illustrated in the graph
of velocity of sound versus pressure, together with the velocity of
sound at the vapor pressure as reported by Wan Itterbeek and De Laet.
Wan Itterbeek and Forrez report using a quartz crystal with a
frequency of 510 kilocycles per second to propagate the sound waves
through their experimental sample. Using audible sound, Wan Itterbeek
and De Laet measured the velocity of sound in helium gas at very low
temperatures and pressures. Using these data they extrapolated the
velocity of sound to the vapor pressure at various temperatures. A
graphical comparison was made between Keesom and Van Itterbeek's
observations at l; .247° K and Van Itterbeek's values at H.228°K. The
agreement between these two sets of data is very good. No information
is given by any of the investigators mentioned above as to the purity
of their experimental samples.
The units of the velocity of sound in helium gas used in the tabulations
below and on the graphs are: temperature in degrees Kelvin (O°C =
273.16°K), pressure in atmospheres (g = 980.665) and the velocity of
sound in meters per second.
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Helium
as a Function of Temperature
near One Atmosphere Pressure

Temperature Velocity Temperature Velocity
°K m/sec °K m/sec
Wan Itterbeek & Keesom Van Itterbeek &
lj. l8l 229. l Van Doninck
l.T. l86 2lili.2 20.3 265.9
l8. l;2|| 253. l 75 509.9
20. l.29 266.2 8O 526.9
20.519 266.2 85 5112.9
90 559.5
Van Itterbeek & Thys 90.2 559.5
290.6 997. O Schneider & Thiessen
Keesom & Wan Itterbeek l911.99 822.5
li. 21.7 103.911 273.1 973.9
(Continued on following page)
II-K–2. 2
VELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Helium as a Function of Pressure

(Continued on following page)
Wan Itterbeek and De Laet
Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity
atm. m/sec atm. m/sec atm. m/sec
l; .228°K .39|| 106.25 . OBO8 911.27
. l;29l lCŞ. lil . O669 93.63
o 121-99 || 56.3 lo3.31 .0813 93.15
. Ol.95 l2O.87 - - sº
.5563 lol.86 .0923 t 92.66
.03116 l20.69 - - - .ll.96 91. 72
. OB28 l2O. l;7 3.18.1% K º, , . . . . . -
. O837 l2O. Ol O lO5. Ol 2.359 &
.1285 ll.9.3|| .0350 lol. 28 O 88. ||
. l80l. ll 8.5l. . OTO8 lO3. 33 .O226 87.92
. 2305 ll 7.75 ..l.098 l.02.29 .0269 87.8O
.2991 ll6.63 . 15ll; lOl. lo .0335 87.56
.3700 llj. l;6 ..l.913 99.88 .039.l 87.28
... lilj9 ll3.9l .21,87 98. Ol, ... Ol;55 87. OO
.5513 ll2. l6 2.821° K . O506 86.76
º; º || 0 || 33.3% 2.2.18°K
.8828 lol. 78 . O23l 98.21, O 87.6l,
.0311 98.03 .O256 87. ll
3.760°K . Ol;37 97.7l, .03ll; 86.7O
O ll. 12 . O683 96.9l; .0382 86.21,
. Olš3 ll. ll .l.071, 95.58 . Oll,6 85.7O
.0255 ll3.92 .ll;82 911.06 O
.O378 ll3.70 O 2. OT8°K
2.612°K
.O873 ll2.80 O 81.85
. l.227 ll2. lo O 95.65 . Ol&2 81.25
.l721, lll .12 . Oló9 95. 55 . 02/15 83.93
o . O2O7 95. 16 .0298 83.59
.2923 lC3.63
.3531; lO7.2l . O285 95. l.9
e .0390 9].76
Wan Itterbeek and Forrez
Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity
atm. m/sec atm. m/sec •
. 3.582°K 3.582°K
O lll .3 .25l'ſ lO6.5
. 1275 lO9.l .3206 lC5.6
.l653 lO8.8 .3876 lOl.l
.2ll;3 lO8.2 . 1,318 lC2.5
.52Ol. lOO ... O

II-K–2. 3
VELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS HELIUM (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Helium Gas
at the Wapour Pressure

Wan Itterbeek and De Laet
Temperature Pressure Welocity
°K atm. m/sec
l; .228 l.0ll6 lol.96
3.760 O.6288 99.62
3.18l. 0.31 l8 95.37
2.82k 0.1823 92.62
2.6l;2 0.1336 90.08
2.259 0.0615 || 86.l2
2.218 O.0558 81.83
2.078 0.0392 82.7l
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
II-K–2.4
| 20
||5
|| O
| O5
|OO
95
90
85
O]
O2
2.2 |8 °K
2.O78 °K
O2
PRESSURE, psia
O.4 O.6 O.8 I.O 2 4. 6 8 |O
O4
T = 4.228° K
3.582 °K
3. |84 ° K
SATURAT
VAPOR
2.642 °K PRESSURE
VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N
GASEOUS HELIUM
O6 O8 O. O 2 O.4 O 6 O.8
PRESSURE, atmospheres
40O
390
38O
37O
36O
35O
3
4.
O
3
3
O
3
2
O
3|O
3OO
29O
28O
28O
|O

II-K–2.5
|OOO
32OO
VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N 3OOO
900 GASEOUS HELIUM
near one otmosphere
28OO
800 26OO
24 OO
7OO
22OO
6OO 2OOO
| 8 OO
500
| 6 OO
| 4 OO
400
| 200
3OO | OOO
8OO
2OO
6 OO
40O
|OO
O 5C |OO |50 2OO 250 3OO
TEMPERATURE, o K

II-K–2.6
– TTTTTTTT T-TTTTTTTT T I I ITT.II
*m. Peak Nucleate Boiling — 2^ - —i.
4 Re=10% *
|
O – p = O.3 MN/m? --
– T= 4.2K –
*= D = 2 x ſoºm I
- Re=109
}- p=0.3 MN/m2
º: . - T=4.2K
* - uper r - D= 2xloºm
E Helium
> ... --
T , , , 3 —
3. IO* E 49 *
E. T e 2. —
# }* Kopitzd Conductonce £" 4% / -
}* (Typical value for . º -sº
* Copper to Helium at -º
}*== |.9 K). —
Re=|ot
\ p- O.3 MN/m?
loº - T= 4.2 K –
ºssºmo D= 2x IO*m *-
jº Kutafeladze Correlation assº
*=> for nucleate boiling tºmº
df O. | MN/m
IO' | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | |
.O. O. | |O
"wall-Tb K
DMPARISON OF VARIOUS MODES OF HELIUM HEAT TRANSFER




II-L-3
I .
III. PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
CONTENTS
P-p-T of Normal and Para-hydrogen at the Triple Point,
Boiling Point, and Critical Point. -
Ortho-Para Hydrogen Composition at Equilibrium
vapor Pre S.Sure
l. Vapor Pressure Normal Hydrogen
2. Vapor Pressure Para-Hydrogen
3. Vapor Pressure Difference
Density of Liquid H2 (At Saturation)
1. Normal Hydrogen
2. Para-Hydrogen
3. Density Differences
Compressibility Factor for Normal Hydrogen
Specific Heat
l. Specific Heat of Liquid Para-Hydrogen -
2. Specific Heat of Normal Gaseous Hydrogen
3. Reduced Specific Heat Differences
Heat of Vaporization - w
l. He at of Vaporization Normal Liquid Hydrogen
2. Differences in Latent Heat
Enthalpy and Entropy -
l. Temperature Entropy Chest for Normal Hydrogen
2. Tabulated Properties of Normal Hydrogen Vapor
and Liquid and Saturated Vapor of Para-hydrogen
3. Tabulated Properties of Liquid and Vapor Para-
hydrogen -
4. Temperature Entropy Chart for Para-hydrogen
5. Enthalpy–Entropy Chart for Para-hydrogen
6. Reduced Entropy. Differences
Thermal Conductivity
l. Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Hydrogen
2. Thermal Conductivity of Gaseous Hydrogen
3. Thermal Conductivity Ratio of Para to Normal Hydrogen
III-INDEX-1
Dielectric Constant
l. Liquid Hydrogen
2. Gaseous Hydrogen
Surface Tension
l. Liquid Hydrogen
Viscosity
l. Viscosity of Liquid Para-hydrogen
2. Viscosity of Gaseous Normal Hydrogen
3. Viscosity Differences
Velocity of Sound
l. Velocity of Sound in Liquid Para-hydrogen
2. Velocity of Sound in Para-hydrogen
3. Velocity of Sound in Hydrogen General
III–INDEX-2
P-p-T OF NORMAL AND PARAHYDROGEN AT THE TRIPLE POINT,
BOILING POINT, AND CRITICAL POINT
Source of Data:
COmments:
R. B. Stewart and H. M. Roder
Chapter ll.
Properties of Normal and
Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in Technology
and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (1964)
These values were calculated from data
referenced in the Stewart and Roder paper.
Normal Hydrogen Parahydrogen
Triple Point
Pressure, atm 0.071 O ... O 695
Temperature *K l3 = 947 13 . 803
Density (Solid) g mole/cm3 0.0430l. 0.04291
Density (Liquid) g mole/cm O ... O 3830 O , 0.3821
Density (Vapor) g mole/cm3 0.000063 l 0.0000624
oiling Point (l atm)
Temperature, *K 20 - 380 20 - 268
Density (Liquid) g mole/cm3 0.0352 0.035 ll
Density (Vapor) g mole/cm3 0.000 6606 O . 00.06636
ritical Point
Pressure, atm l2. 98 12 - T59
Temperature, OK 33 - 18 32 . 976
Density, g mole/cm3 0.01494 O . Olb59
ol. Wt. =
2.01594 g/g mole, based on the C+2 = 12.000 scale
ecently adopted.
III-A
The equilibrium concentration of ortho and para hydrogen in the ideal gas state has
been calculated by Woolley, Scott, and Brickwedde (1948), J. Res. Natl. Bur, std. ºl, 379-475.
The effect of pressure on these equilibrium concentrations is considered to be negligible.
These values are tabulated and illustrated graphically below.
was used in this table.
|OO
75
5O
25
The NBS-1939 Temperature Scale
Ortho-Para Composition at Equilibrium
Temp. Percentage
°K in para form
for H2
lO 99.9999
2O 99.82l
30 97.02l
l:0 88.727
50 77.05";
60 65.569
70 55.991
8O l,8.537
90 l;2.882
lOO 38.620
l2O 32.959
lSO 28.603
2OO 25.974
250 25.26;
300 25.072
O | OO
TEMPERATURE ,
orTHo - PARA HYDROGEN
COMPOS |T| ON AT EQUI LI BRIUM
2OO
• K
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
3 OO

III-B
VAPOR PRESSURE
NORMAL HYDROGEN
|O |5 2O
TEMPERATURE, *k
25
3O
35

III–C–1. 1
VAPOR PRESSURE NORMAL HYDROGEN
Source of Data: Table II A, Chapter ll "Technology and
Uses of Liquid Hydrogen", 381, Pergamon
Press -
Temperature Pressure
°K atm
l3. 947 O. O.7l
l4 O ... O 73
l5 O. l.25
l6 0.202
17 0.310
18 0.456
19 0.648
20 0.891
20 .380 l.000
2l l. l.96
22 l. 569
23 2.018
24 2.551
25 3 - 178
26 3. 906
27 4. 746
28 5. 705
29 6. T94
30 8 . 023
31 - 9 .410
32 10.94
33 12. 65
33. 18 12.98

III–C–1.2
|
VAPOR PRESSURE
PARA - HYDROGEN
|5 2O
TEMPERATURE, *K
25
3O
35

III–C–2. 1
VAPOR PRESSURE PARA-HYDROGEN
Source of Data: Table II A, Chapter ll "Technology
and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen", 381,
Pergamon Press

Temperature Pressure, atm
°K
l3. 803 O ... O 69
l4 O ... O 77
l5 O. l32
l6 0.212
17 0.325
l8 O .475
19 O . 672
20 0.922
20. 268 l. 000
21 l. 233
22 l. 612
23 2 ... O 69
24 - 2. 610
25 - 3.245
26 3.981
27 4.828
28 . 5 - 793
29 6. 886
30 8. Ll 7
31 9 - 500
32 ll. 05l
32. 976 l2.759
III–C–2.2

O £
XI o ‘ 38 n.lv 83d W31
92O2
sı
*
y~Y
(tz96|) 'ID 49 × 90q2044I uDA O
( 8 tº 6 ] ) T O £9 K9||OOM W7
N B 9) O 8C])\H TV/ VN H ON
O NV \/\]\7c] CJ || T. O | T N E ENA 138
E O N B \} E - -| |C |E \}[^SSE? Jc3 （JOd V/A
O9
OO |
O9||
EONE 833 - |Q 3 - ſl SSE - d 8 Oc VA
d
d
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
6H ſo uu" H-
III-C-3
O.O39
O,O38
O.O37
O.O36
O.O35
O.O34
O.O33
O.O32
O.O3]
O.O3O
O,O29
O.O28
O.O27
O.O26
O.O25
O.O24
O.O22
O,O2|
O.O. 9
O.O18
O.OI7
O.O.
ooia;
O
DENSITY of NORMAL
L|QUID HYDROGEN
2O
TEMPERATURE, *K
|505
|43O
|355
|28O
I2O5
||3O
|O55
98O
905
83O
755
68O
6O5
53O
455
38O
3O5
23O
155
º

III–D–l. 1
DENSITY OF NORMAL LIQUID HYDROGEN
Source of Data: R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder, Chapter ll.
Comments:
Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen.
p. 379-404 in Technology and Uses of Liquid
Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New York (1964)
These values were calculated from data
referenced in the Stewart and Roder paper.

Temperature Density, g mole/emº
°K Sat. Liquid Sat. Vapor
l3 . 947 0.03830 6.3 x 10-5
14 0.03828 6.4. "
15 O . O3 786 10 : 4 "
I.6 0.03 742 l5.9 ; :
l 7 O . 03695 23.2 ! I
18 0.03647 32 - 7 ".
19 O. O.3595 44 - 7 "
2O 0.03540 59 - 5 |f
20 - 380 0.03519 66 - O "
2l 0.03483 77. 6 |
22 0.03421 99.5 lºt
23 0.03355 l25. 7 | ||
24 O . O3.285 l56 . 9. "
25 0.03209 l.93 . 8, "
26 - 0.03127 237. 7 | ?
27 O . O3036 290 ... O "
28 . O . 02935 352. 7 | |
29 0.02821 429. O "
30 O ... O 2689 524 . l. "
3l O 0.25 28 648.2 i
32 0.023 l 2
33 O . Ol.903
33. 18 0.014.94 1494.0 #
III–D–1.2
O.O39
O.O38
DENSITY of LIQUID
O.O37 PARA - HYDROGEN
O,O36 158O
O,O35 15O5
O.O34 |43O
oos3 |355
O.O32 |280
O.O3| |2O5
O.O3O ||3O
O.O29 |O55
O,O28 98O
O.O27 905
O,O26 83O
O.O25 755
O.O24 68O
6O5
O.O22 53O
O.O2| 455
O.O2O 38O
O.O19 3O5
O,OI8 23O
O.OI7 |55
O.O16 8O
O.O15 5
|O 15 2O 25 3O 35
TEMPERATURE, "K

III–D–2. 1.
Source of Data:
comments:
DEN
SITY OF LIQUID PARA-HYDROGEN
R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder Chapter ll.
Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen.
p. 379-404 in Technology and Uses of
Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New
York (1964)
These values were calculated from data
referenced in the Stewart and Roder paper.

Temperature Density, g mole/em”
°K Sat. Liquid Sat. Vapor
l3,803 0.03821 6.24 x 10^*
l4 0.03812 6.90 "
15 O . O3 770 ll.04 "
l6 O . O3726 l6 = 78 "
17 O ... O 3679 24.40 "
l8 O.03631 34. 20 "
19 0.03580 46.53 "
20 0.035.26 61 - 76 " .
20. 268 0.035ll 66 - 36 "
2l 0.03469 80 - 30 "
22 0.03409 102.7. º
23 0.03344 l29 , 6. $1
24 0.03.274 16l. 5 I
25 O ... O 31.99 l99 - 3 11
26 0.03 ll 7 244 . l. If
27 0.03026 297. 6 Jº
28 O . 0.2925 362.0 JI
29 0.028.10 440.8 |
30 O. O.2675 540. l. 11
31 O ... O 2509 671 .. 7 !?
32 0.02281 868 - O I
32 . 976 O - O L559 1559 - O i.
III–D–2.2

» . ' 3&nıww3aw31
Oº9 2O 29 |
O i O
~CJ
Y（~|~ }
/~–
-<
C2
-r]
ozo ）
20
rrı
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O
rrı
|-SS
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|}
og o $
( 196 I º ‘Io ſº uļnapoo9)>
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TV/ VN MJON O | T O IT CJ E 1 V/ AJO LV/S
|- O SE O N B \\ 3 -l-. | Q /\ L ] SNEC]
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
III--D-3
;
N
O
O.
I sometric Specific Volume
Density
Line cc/gm
cc/mole
gm/cc
O |
3708
1854
1 113
556.3
278. 1
13. 89
14. 14
14.38
7476.
3.738
2243
1121
561.
373.
280.
224.
29
. OOO2697
. OOO5393
. 0008989
.001798
- 003595
. UO5393
. 00719.1
.008989
. 0.1079
. 01258
.01438
- 01618
.01798
.01977
. 02157
. 02337
. 025 17
.02697
... O 2876
. O3056
.03236
.03416
- 0.3595
.03775
.03955
.04 135
.04315
.04494
. O7754
.07608
. O74.67
.07331
. 07.200
. 07074
. O6952
773.4
*Density, gm/cm3 * density, Amagat x 8.9886 x 10-5
O2
O4
O6
O8
|O
PRESSURE
6O 8O KOO
4. 6 8
PRESSURE, at
, psid
2OO
|O
mospheres
2O
40
6O
E .
SOLID LINES - | Sotherms (T = C)
BROKEN LINES - Isometrics (V = C
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTO
FOR NORMAL HYDROGEN
Z = P V / RT
Notion of Bureou of St and or d8
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
iOO 2OO 4OO 6OO 800
N

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTI,
SPECIFIC HEAT (Co) of
L|QUID PARA HYDROGEN
of so turqtion
Z
J’
DATA of SM ITH, ET AL.
21 JOHNSTON, ET A L. - º:
*
15 2O 25 3O
TEMPERATURE, *K

III–F–1. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT (cc) of LIQUID PARA HYDROGEN
(At Saturation)
Sources of Data :
Johnston, H. L., Clarke, J. T., Rifkin, E. B. and Kerr, E. C., J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 72, 3933 (1950)
Smith, A. L., Hallett, N. C. and Johnston, H. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc. T6,
ll:86 (195l.)
Other References :
Bonnhoefer, K. F. and Harteck, P., Naturwiss. 17, 182 (1929)
Clusius, K. and Hiller, K., Z. physik. Chem. Blº, 158 (1929)
Dewar, J., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A76, 325 (1905)
Eucken, A., Verhandl. deut. physik. Ges. 18, k-17 (1916)
Keesom, W. H., Comm. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden 137e (1911)
Simon, F. and Lange, R., Z. Physik. 15, 312 (1923)
Comments:
Heisenberg, Z. Physik. 38, lºll (1926); Hund, Z. Physik. lºz, 93 (1927);
and Dennison, Proc. Roy. Soc. (ionoſ.) All 5, 183 (1927) predicted the
existence of two forms of molecular hydrogen on the basis of quantum
theory. Shortly thereafter methods were developed for catalyzing the
conversion. Since then heat capacity measurements have been carried out
on known concentrations of the two varieties. Prior to 1929 all work
was based on normal hydrogen (75% ortho and 25% para). Data for the
curves were derived under conditions of saturation vapor pressure (Cs).
Data of Johnston, Clarke Data of Smith, Hallett
Rifkin and Kerr. and Johnston.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. T2, J. Am. Chem. Soc. T6,
3933 (1950). ll:86 (1951).
Temp. Co Co Temp. Co C5
*K cal x cal °K cal cal
mole "K gm "K mole "K gmT"K
15.15 3.52 l.7l;6 18.28 l!.18 2.073
15.30 3.5l. l.T56 2O. lºº l;.7l 2.336
l6.05 3.67 l.82O 22.7l 5.33 2.6ll,
l6.26 3.66 l.815 25.00 6.03 2.991
17.03 3.81 l.890 26.0l. 6.16 3.2Ol;
17.31 3.85 l.910 28.2O 7.85 3.891;
17.98 l!.03 l.999 30.10 9.9l; l; .931
18.27 H.10 2.03! 31.19 ll. .56 7.222
l8.89 li. 2; 2.103
l8.99 l; .32 2.ll.3


Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
III–F–1.2
SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp) of NORMAL HYDROGEN CAS
Sources of Data:
Eucken, A., Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. lºl (1912)
Hilsenrath, J., et al., Nat. Bur. Standards Cir. 56t, 282 (1955)
Scheel, K. and Heuse, W., Ann. Physik. (h) lºo, kT3 (1913)
Workman, E. J., Phys. Rev. (2) 37, 1345 (1931)
Comments:
The above articles were all used by the NBS staff in compiling the data
for Circular 561. Accordingly the present curves have been constructed
using these same data. We have been unable to discover anything more
recent. When more does appear, it should take into account the exist-
ence of ortho and para-hydrogen.
Table of Selected Weilues

C C C C
P p p P
Temp. Sp cal. Cp cal Cp cal Sp cal
R gm"K R gm"K R gm"K R K
O Atºm l Atm * 10 Atm lOO . Atm
2O 2.50 2.1,613
30 2.50 2.lºél:3 2.628, 2.590l.
l;0 2.50l 2.11653 2.56; 2.527l 3.1.63 | 3.k135
50 2.505 || 2.lić92 || 2.5l 3| 2.5067 || 2.917 | 2.90l.9
60 2.519 2.14830 |2.5ll; 2.5076 || 2.780 2.7l:03 || 3.957 || 3.9005
70 2.5l;7 | 2.5106 || 2.565| 2.5283 || 2.732 2.6930 || 3.786 || 3.7319
8O 2.591 || 2.5510 |2.605| 2.5678 2.723 2.6841 || 3.56], 3.5131
90 2.6l. 8 || 2.610 2.658| 2.6200 || 2.7l,7| 2.7077 3.366 || 3.3179
LOO 2.7lk | 2.6752 |2.722, 2.6831 2.790 2.750l 3.295 || 3.21.79
l2O 2.857 || 2.8162 2.862 2.82.ll 2.905 2.8635 | 3.2h 2 | 3.1957
ll:0 2.993 || 2.9502 2.996 2.9532 3.026 2.98.28 3.26|| || 3.21.7%
160 3.108 || 3.0636 |3.lll| 3.0665 || 3.135 | 3.0902 || 3.326|| 3.2785
18O 3.20% 3.1582 |3.206| 3.1602 || 3.226 3.1800 || 3.377 || 3.3287
2OO 3.280 || 3.2331 |3.282. 3.235l 3.296 || 3.2489 || 3.413 || 3.361.2
22O 3.340 3.2923 ||3.341| 3.2933 || 3.355 3.3071 || 3.45|| || 3.kolić
240 |3.387 || 3.3386 |3.388| 3.3396 || 3.399 || 3.35ol, 3.486 || 3.4362
260 |3.424 || 3.375l |3.h.25| 3.3761 || 3.133 || 3.3839 || 3.5ol, 3.1539
270 3.438 || 3.3889 |3.139| 3.3899 || 3.kló | 3.3968 || 3.510 || 3.4598
28O 3.450 | 3.4007 ||3.1:51, 3.4017 | 3.458 || 3.8086 || 3.516 || 3.1,658
3OO 3.469 || 3.419' 3.170| 3.l;20l. 3.l76|| 3.4263 || 3.526||3.3756
Bee next two pages for graphical presentation of the data.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
III–F–2.1
SATURATED VAPOR LINE
2O 25
3O
SPECIFIC HEAT OF
NORMAL HYDROGEN GAS
AT CONSTANT PRESSURE
ITICAL LINE - 12.98 Afrn.
5 Arm. - cp = 58 AT 34°K.
20 Atm. - Cp = 34.5 AT 36 °K
4. 196 Atm.
ſo Atm-
4.84 Afrn.
At m.
35 4 O 45 5 O 55
TEMPERATURE, *K
6O

III–F–2. 2
O82
Xa ‘Bºn Lw&3dWEL
O92Oº?O22OO2O8||
N 39 O AJO Å H TV/W （HON SQO ESV79)
ļo (do) Lv3H
3)||-||9|EdS
O9||
Oſ?|
O2||
’uuļV OZ
OO!
O8
' uuļ\7 9|
'uu 4\7 96]*>2
». uſ / 100 “do

III–F–2. 3
º
O
CA.
2.
O
.O
O
Cº-
.O
REDUCED SPECIFIC HEAT DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN EQUILIBRIUM , NORMAL,
OR THO, AND PARA HYDROGEN IN
THE IDEAL GAS STATE
O cº
+ (Equil.) - + (Po ro)
cº cº
p 9
R (Normal) - R ( Por Q )
c; cº,
+(or tho) - T ( Pard)
| OO 2OO 3OO
TEMPERATURE , * K

;
LATENT HEAT of
NORMAL HYDRO GEN
|3 |4 15 |6 17 | 8 19 2O 2] 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3O 3.
TEMPERATURE, 9K

III–G–1.1
NORMAL, HYDROGEN - HEAT OF WAPORIZATION
Source of Data:
R. B. Stewart and H. M. Roder
Chapter ll. Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen.
p. 379-401; in Technology and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (1961)

Comments:
These values were calculated from data referenced in the Stewart
and Roder paper.
Latent Heat of Normal Hydrogen
Heat of
Temperature? Vaporization
°K cal/g mole
l3.9lF7 219.8l.
ll. 219.89
l; 220.68
l6 22l.l.0
* 17 22l.09
18 220.60
l9 219.58
2O 217.97
20.380 217.19
2l 215.7l
22 212.72
23 208.92
21; 2011.2l
25 - 198.1.6
26 l9l. 5l
27 l63.ll
28 l'72.97
29 160.60
30 ll.9.25
3l 125. H2
* Temperatures adjusted to NBS-1955 Temperature Scale.
III–G–1. 2

O º
XI o ‘ 38 n.lv （J3d W31
92O 2
9 |
(#961 º dºpo}} pup ! ： D NA 94S)
N B 9 O MJ O JŲ H
\/\}\/& CINV7 TIV7!N MJON O | ſn O|TT
-¿O 1\/EH LNB.LV/T NI BONE MJ3||-||-||0
O 2
Oº
Oſſy
O’G
O’9
alou b/ Ibo "T-" Sapnasaa Ald Lwah LNalvi
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
III–G–2
HYDROGEN
TEMP-ENTROPY
CHART.
O° - 15Oo K
TAKEN FROM
NBS RESEARCH PAPER
RP 1932
{} 9 |O
ENTROPY CAL GM'DEG"
230
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING Division .
BOULDER, COLORADO

III–H-1. 1
29O
3OO
27 O
26O
25O
24O
23O
22O
2 O
2OO
| 9 O
| 8 O
| 6O
|2 |3 |4
ENTROPY, cal/gm "K
TEMPERATURE • ENTROPY CHART
FOR normal-HYDROGEN
TAKEN FROM NATIONAL BUREAU OF
STANDARDS RESEARCH PAPER RP S32
(1948) BY WOOLEY, SCOTT, AND
BRICKWEDDE, Fig 32.
PRESSURE º Of m
DENSITY (p amogo?
(density, gm/cm3 = density, amagot x 8.9886x O-°)
TEMPERATURE °K
ENTHALPY (H) col /gm
ENTROPY cal/gm *K
2O

III–H–1. 2
HYDROGEN
TEMP-ENTROPY
CHART
28O 9 – 6OOo K
TAKEN FROM
NBS RESEARCH PAPER
RP 1932
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING Division
BOULDER, COLORADO
*
IO || |2 |3 |4 |5 I6 17 |8 19
ENTROPY GAL GM"DEG'

III–H–1. 3
NORMAL HYDROGEN
Properties of Vapor"

Temp P = l atm P = 2 atm P = 5 atm P = 10 atm P = l; atm
°K (Sat temp = 20.39°K) (Sat temp = 22.97°K) (Sat temp = 27.29°K) (Sat temp = 31.41°K)
T V h S V h S v h S V h S v h S
cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm^/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K
(Sat Vapor) 75l. 1 718 39.16 398.7 729 37.16 l62.7 730 31, .21 70.89 69] 31.02
22 827.2 737 39.9l,
2l, 917.6 760 ll.00 l, 25.0 7l;2 37.7l
26 1006 782 ll.93 h7.h 767 38.72
28 1091, 8Ol, 2.75 522.0 79] 39.60 172.l. 7l;2 3, .6l.
30 ll&O 826 l. 3.50 | 568.2 8ll, l, O. l;0 l97.2 77', 35.72
35 l393 88O l, 5.16 680.1 871 l;2.13 251.0 8/12 37.81 10l.'ſ 78: 33.75 37. 29 636 28.5l
l;O l603 Q33 l,6.58 788.7 926 l;3.60 299.5 903 39. l;5 135.2 86O 35.86 8l. 2; 812 33.3%
l, 5 l8lſº 985 l, 7.8% | 895.5 979 lily. 87 31,5.8 96l l,0.82 162.3 928 37.116 lOO .. 2 89] 35.22
5O 2019 1038 l,8.92 || 100l lo32 l;6.OO 390.5 lol'ſ l;2. Ol l87.0 990 38.78 ll.9.2 962 36.7l
60 21:31 lll: 3 50.8l l210 ll39 l, 7.93 l,77.6 ll 27 lil, .02 233.6 ll.08 l,0.92 152.l. 1088 39.02
70 28, 2 12,8 2. l;6 lll& 121,5 l;9.57 562.8 l236 l, 5.69 278. l l22]. l;2.67 l83. l; l2O7 l, O.8l.
8O 3252 135l, 53.88 | 1621, l352 5l. OO 616.9 l3,5 l; 7.15 321.5 l33l, lili. 17 213. l l323 h2. 39
90 366] ll,63 55.16 || 1829 \l,61 52.28 730.3 ll,56 l,8. l. 5 36l. 2 ll, l;6 l;5.50 21, 2.2 ll, 38 l, 3.7l,
1OO l,070 l;71, 56.32 | 2031, 1572 53.h5 813.3 l;68 l, 9.63 l,06.5 156] l;6.70 271.0 l;5l. l;l, .97
l2O l,886 l8Ol, 58. l.2 21, lºl, l803 55.55 978.3 l8OO 5l. 71, h90.1 1796 lić.8h 327.5 l?%l l, 7.12
ll. O 5702 2Ol;6 60.28 2852 2Ol;5 57. lºl lll:3 2013 53.6l 57.8 2Ol;0 50.72 382.9 2037 l;9.02
160 65.17 2298 61.97 || 3260 2297 59.10 || 1307 2296 55.31 655. I, 2295 52.h3 l, 38.l. Ø293 50. 73
18O 7332 2559 63.50 || 3668 2558 60.6l, ll,70 2558 56.85 737.6 2557 53.97 l;93. H 2556 52.28
2OO 8ll, 7 2826 61.9l || ||O76 2826 62.05 || 1631, 2826 58.26 819.'ſ 2826 55. 39 5h8.3 2826 53. 70
22O 896] 3100 66.21 || || || 8l. 31OO 63. 35 | 1797 3100 59.57 901.6 3100 56.70 603.l 3lCl 55. Ol
2L, O 97.76 3377 67. 12 l;891 3378 6|, .56 | 1960 3378 60.78 || 983. l; 3379 57.9l 657.8 3380 56.23
26O lO589 3658 68.55 || 5298 3658 65.69 2123 3659 61.90 | 1065 3661 59. Ol; 712.3 3663 57.36
28O lll:Ol 39/11 69.60 | 57Ol, 39;2 66.7|, |2286 39;3 62.95 lll:7 391.5 60.09 766.7 39,7 58. lil
300 l2219 l, 227 70.58 || 6ll3 l,228 57.72 2,50 l,229 63.9l | 1228 l,231 6l. O7 821.3 l,233 59. HO
Temp P = 20 atm P = l;0 atm P = 60 atm P = 80 atm P = 100 atm
°K
30 1l, .27 l;23 l9.7l, l3.76 l:30 l9.ll l3.25 l,50 19. 12
35 15.57 l,88 21.75 ll. .67 l;92 2l, lº ll.ll. 502 20.68
l;0 50.2% ‘fl; / 30.89 17.87 568 23.9l l6.19 563 22.99 15. 20 567 22.38
l,5 7O. Of 853 33.1,2 28.50 TO7 28.25 20.26 665 26.09 18.26 61; 3 2l; .86 16.55 6, O 21, . 10
50 85.36 933 35. 10 36.95 819 30.6l 25. El 75l. 28.08 20.82 729 26.67 18. 27 719 25.76
6O ll 2. O 1069 37.59 52. l;9 991, 33.80 34.56 935 31. Hl 26.95 900 29. T9 22.95 881 28.6l,
(O l36.1 ll.93 39.50 66.12 ll39 36. Ol, l, 3.9l logl 33.85 33.65 lC6l 32.28 28. Ol 10HO 3l. Q9
8O 159. l 1312 lil. 09 78.66 l271 37.8O 52.63 1236 35.76 l;0.20 1210 3, .27 33. l.2 ll.92 33. l.2
90 18l. 1, ll;29 l;2. l;7 90.56 l397 39.29 60.87 l370 37.33 l;6. l;6 13h9 35.9l 38.12 133l, 31, .. 79
lOO 203.2 ljl, 7 l, 3.7l 102. l. 1522 l,0.60 68.82 lSOl 38.70 52.53 ll,8l, 37. 33 l;2.99 ll,71 36.21,
l2O 246. O 1787 l, 5.89 l2l, .3 1771 l, 2.87 8l. O8 1758 ll. O5 6l. 20 lTh8 39.73 52. HO l?l;O 38.69
ll;O 288. O 2O35 l, 7.80 ll;6.O 2025 lily. 82 98.8l. 2O17 l, 3. Ol, 75. ho 2Oll lil. 76 6l. l; 7 2008 l,0.75
160 329.9 2291 l, 9.52 l67.3 2286 l,6.58 113.3 2282 lil, .82 86. 39 228] l;3.56 70.32 228O l; 2.57
l8O 37 l. l. 2556 51.08 188. I, 255, l,8.15 127.5 2551, l;6. l;2 97.17 2555 l, 5.18 79. O3 2557 lil; .20
2OO lil 2.7 2826 52.50 209.3 2827 l;9.59 lil.6 2831 l, 7.87 lo'ſ .8 2832 h6.6l, 87.60 2837 l, 5.68
22O l,53.9 3102 53.82 230.1 3105 50.92 l;5.6 3ll0 l;9.20 ll 8. l; 3lll, l, 7.98 96.09 312O l, Y. O3
2l;0 l;95. O 3381 55.03 250.8 3387 52.ll. l69.5 3392 50. lil, l28.9 3399 h9.22 10k.5 31,07 l,8. 2'ſ
260 535.9 366), 56, 16 27 l. l. 3671 53.28 l83.3 3679 51.58 139. 3 3686 50.3'ſ ll2.9 3695 h9. l;2
28O 576.8 391.9 57.22 292. O 3957 5l. 3, 197.1 3966 52.65 ll.9.7 3975 5l. Ll, l2l. 2 398, 50.50
3OO 6] 7.8 l,236 58.21 312.6 l, 21.5 55.33 210.9 l, 25l. 53.6l, l60.0 l,261, 52. lºl, l29.5 l, 275 5l. 50
" From published data, National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 120 (Nov 1961)
Conversions for Units, to Equivalent in British System of Units:
To convert temperature in degrees Kelvin (“K) to degrees Rankine (*R), multiply (“K) by l.8
To convert pressure in atmospheres (atm) to (psia), multiply (atm) by ll: .696 .
To convert volume (v) in cubic centimeters per gram (cm”/g) to (cu ft/lb), multiply (cm”/g) by .010018
To convert density (p) in Amagat to density º: ft), multiply Amagat by .0056ll
To convert enthalpy (h) in joules per gram (J/g) to (Btu/lb), multiply (j/g) by . 12993
To convert enthalpy (h) in calories per gram (cal/gm) to (Btu/lb), multiply (cal/gm) by l.8
To convert entropy (s) in joules per gram “K (j/g°K) to (Btu/lb “R), multiply (j/g°K) by .23885
Entropy (s) in calories per gram *K (cal/gm"K) is equal to (Btu/lb “R)
PARAHYDROGEN
Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor *t
Temp Pressure Volume (cm"/g) Enthalpy (j/g) Entropy (j/g “K) Temp Pressure Volume (cm/g) Enthalpy (j/g) Entropy (j/g °K)
K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid | Vapor Liquid Vapor
l3.8O3" | O. O695 || 12.98 7966 –3O8.92 ll, O.30 l; .961 37.520 23 2.062 l; .83 J. .9 –226.37 200.52 9.287 27.856
ll, 0.0778 l3. Ol 72O3 -307.63 ll, 2.13 5.055 37.188 2l, 2.6ll lS. 15 3OT. 3 -213.92 202.66 9.783 27. 152
l; O. l.23 l3.16 lil,89 -300.7l 15l.ll 5. 527 35.650 25 3.2h5 15.5l 249.0 -200.52 | 203.60 | 10.289 26.1%
16 O. 213 13. 32 2955 -293.39 l;9.60 5.993 31, .305 26 3.982 15.9l 203.2 -l35.99 203. 10 | 10.810 25.787
17 O. 325 13.118 2032 –285.60 l67.58 6. l;5|| 33. lls 27 H.829 l6. 39 l66.7 -170.2] | 200.87 ll. 356 25. 108
l8 O. l;76 13.66 ll, lºg -277.27 l7l.97 6.92l 32. Ol;8 28 5. 79, l6.96 l37.0 -lj2.90 196.5l ll. 926 21, .. l l 3
19 O.673 l3.86 1065 –268.39 l8l.67 7.382 31.076 29 6.887 l7.66 ll2.5 -l33.60 | 189.5l | 12.536 23.68||
2O 0.923 ll. O7 8Ol. 7 || –258.9l | 187.67 7.853 30.188 30 8.ll 8 l8.5l, 91.86 -lll. 67 || 178.79 13.2Ol 22.890
20.268" | 1.000 ll. l.2 7, 7.6 | –256.29 | 189.36 7.977 29.969 3l 9.50l 19.77 73.86 - 85.78 |162.57 13.965 2l. 977
2l l. 233 ll; .30 617.8 || -2,8.79 || 193.03 || 8.325 29.371, 32 ll. O5l 21.7l, 57.16 || - 52.2b 136.08 11.923 20.8ll
22 l.6l3 ll. 56 l,82.9 || -237.98 || 197.25 8.8Ol 28.595 32.976 | 12.759 31.82 31.82 38.27 | 38.27 17.567 l?. 567
* From published data, National Bureau of Standards Monograph 94 (Aug 1965).
t See Table 28 on page 59 for properties of liquid and vapor parahydrogen.
* Triple point.
Normal boiling point.
* Critical point.

III–H–2
PARAHYDROGEN
Properties of Liquid and Vapor”f
Temp P = l atm atm P = 5 atm P = 10 atm P = 15 atm
°K (Sat temp = 20.27°K) (Sat temp = 22.86°K) (Sat temp = 27.19%) (Sat temp = 31.3 °K.)
T v h s v h 8 y h 8 v h S V h S
cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g J/g"K cm”/g J/g J/g"K cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g | }/g J/g"K
(Sat Liq) ll; .2b -258 8. Ol, ll.9l –230 9. 29 16.62 -168 ll. 55 2O. l;7 -76 ll. 37
(Sat Vapor)| 753.l. l9l 30.2l 398.3 2O2 28.18 162.0 2O2 25.18 68.75 156 21.80
15 l3.25 -3O2 5. 55 l3.23 – 30l 5.5l, l3.19 –298 5.50 l3.ll. -292 5. l;3 13. Ol, -287 . 16
2O ll. l8 –26l T.9l lº.15 =260 7.8 ll. O7 –257 7.82 l3.95 -252 7.72 l3.83 –2, 7 7.62
25 97O.O 23|| 32.18 l,53.7 229 29.35 lj .53 –2Ol # 15.27 -l98 lC. ll lj.05 -l95 9.94
30 ll.90 30l. 34.66 572.9 290 31.5l. lº.7 amº . 32 l8.2l -lló l3.07 l7.38 -l2l l2.62
35 ll, Ol, 355 36.33 | 685.5 31,6 33.29 253.0 317 28.9l, ſloš.1 35; 2.63 l, 7.28 ll, l; 2O. 57
l,O 1616 H09 37.76 795.0 l,02 3, .76 30l.9 379 30.58 l36.5 336 26.98 80.18 286 . 39
50 2O35 515 l;0.13 || 1009 510 37.18 393.5 l;91, 33.16 188.3 l,67 29.9l l2O. l l, 39 .83
60 2,51 623 l, 2.08 || 1220 618 39.16 l,8l.2 6O7 35.2l 235.3 587 32.10 lS3.5 568 . 18
70 2865 732 l, 3.78 ll;29 729 l,0.86 567.l 72O 36.96 28O. J. 705 33.92 l8l. .6 690 O7
8O 3278 8||7 l, 5.31 | 1636 815 l;2. lil 651.8 838 38.53 323.8 826 35.53 2ll, .6 815 .78
l'OO l;102 llCl l,8.ll; 2050 lC39 l, 5.21, 819.6 logl lºl. 39 || 1,09.l. lo&7 38. lul, 272.9 1080 .68
l2O l,887 1378 50. l;l 21, hi, l377 l;7.5l. 978.3 l373 l, 3.73 l,89.9 1368 l, O.82 327.2 1363 . 10
ll;0 5703 l688 52.80 2853 l687 l, 9.93 lll:3 l685 l;6.13 572.6 l681 l;3.23 382.6 l678 .52
160 6518 2012 5l.96 || 3261 2Oll 52.09 l307 2010 l,8.30 655.2 2008 l;5.ll l, 38.1 2OO6 . (l
l8O 7333 2339 56.89 || 3669 2339 54.02 ll;70 2338 50.23 737. H 2337 l, 7.3, l, 93.2 2335 .65
2OO 8ll,8 2663 58.60 | 1,077 2663 55.73 l63, 2663 5l.9l, 819.5 2662 l, 9.06 5H8. O 266: 7.37
22O 8962 2982 60. ll lil,8l. 2982 57.25 1797 2982 53.h6 90l. I, Ø982 50.59 6O2.8 £982 3.90
21:0 9777 3291. 6l. l; 7 || ||892 329, 58.6l 1960 3295 5l.82 983.2 3295 5l.95 657.5 3296 .26
260 10590 3600 62.70 || 5298 36Ol 59.8l. 2123 36O1 56.05 || 1065 36O2 53.18 Tl2. O 36O1, .50
28O lll,03 3902 63.82 5705 3902 60.95 2286 3903 57.17 | lll:6 3905 5l. 3O 766.5 3900 .62
3OO l222O l;2Ol 6l. 85 6lll, l;2Ol 61.98 21,50 l,202 58.2O | 1228 l;2Ol; 55. 33 821.l l;2O6 53.65
Temp P = 20 atm = H0 atm P = 60 atm 80 atm P = 100 atm
°K
15 l2.97 -281 5.29
2O l3. T3 –2H2 7.52 l3.36 –221 7.19 l3. O7 –200 6.9l l2.82 -l'79 6.67 12.60 -l97 6. l;5
25 ll.85 -191 9.79 ll; .25 -l?l, 9.30 l3.62 | -155 8,92 l3.l;6 -lj 8.60 l3. l'7 —llj 8.33
30 l6.82 -122 l2.30 lS. 55 -ll, ll.liff ll.8.l. -loo lC).9l lb. 29 -83 lo. l;8 l3.88 -65 lC). 13
35 22.96 O 16. Ol lT.66 -39 l3.78 16.22 -35 l2.92 15. 37 –23 12.31, ll. T7 -8. l l ll.88
l:0 5l. 30 223 22. Ol 21.63 6l l6.l;5 l8.28 l;3 ll.99 l6.8l l,6 ll. .18 lj.90 56 l3.59
50 85.98 lilo 26.22 37.31 296 21. TO 25.37 231 l9.16 2l. 15 212 l'7.76 l9.03 202 l6.86
6O 7 548 28.7l, 52.90 l,73 2ly.9l, 34.89 lºló 22.5l. 27.25 381 20.93 23. 32 36, l9.80
70 lo. 1 676 30. l;2 66.58 622 27.2l, lil; .22 577 25. Ol, 33.9l 51,5 23.17 28. 27 525 .29
8O l60.2 813 32. l;2 79.22 762 29. ll 53. OO 728 27.05 l, O.l,7 TOl 25.55 33.36 682 . 39
1OO 2Ol. 6 lo'72 35. 1,2 lo2.8 lol,7 32.28 69.38 1025 30.37 52.9l 10O8 28.98 l;3.29 996 .89
l2O 2h5.9 l359 37.87 l21.3 l342 34.8l. 81.09 l329 33. Ol 64.25 l319 31.69 52. H6 l3ll .65
ll;0 287.9 l675 l, O.30 ll, 5.9 l66l, 37. 32 98.83 | 1656 35.53 75. lil, 1651 31.25 6l. 53 | 1648 .2l
l60 329.7 2OOl, l, 2.50 167.3 1997 39.5l. ll3.3 l993 37.78 86. , 3 l992 36.52 70, 38 l99l .5l.
18O 371.2 233; lib.hl, 188.3 233l lºl. 5l 127.5 2331 39.77 97.22 2332 38.53 79.08 233, .56
2OO l, 12.5 2662 l;6.17 209.3 2662 l;3.25 ll, 1.6 2665 lºl. 53 107.9 2667 l:0.29 87.65 267] . 33
22O l,53.7 2983 l;7. To 23O. l 2985 lil, .79 155.6 2989 l;3.08 llö. I, 299; l;1.85 96.15 3OOO .90
2l, O !,91,.8 3.297 l;9. OT 250.8 3301 l,6. 16 l69.5 3306 lily. l;6 128.9 33l3 l, 3.21, 10, .6 3321 .29
260 535.8 3605 50. 30 27 l. l. 3611 l,7. I,0 l83.3 36.18 l, 5.70 139. 3 3606 lili. H9 ll2.9 363, .55
28O 576. ( 3908 5l. l;2 292.0 3915 l,8.53 l97.1 3923 l,6.8l, 11,9.7 3932 l;5.63 l2l. 3 39;2 .69
3OO 617.7 l,208 52.l,6 312.5 l,216 l, 9.57 210.9 l,225 l, 7.88 160.l l,235 l;6.67 129.6 l, 21.5 .7l,
Temp P = ll;0 atm P = 200 atm P = 2,0 atm P = 300 atm P = 310 atm
°K
2O 12.2l, –ll, 6.08 ll.8l -50 5.62
2 12.7O -71, 7.87 l2.18 -l2 7.32 ll.9l 29 7. Ol ll. 56 90 6.62 ll. 36 l 31 . 39
3O l3.27 –27 9.57 12.62 32 8.92 l2.28 72 8.57 ll. 88 l32 8. l2 ll.65 l?l .86
35 l3.9l, 26 ll. l.9 l3.12 81 10. lil, l2. Tl ll.9 l(), Ol, l2.23 l?8 9.23 ll. 87 216 9.25
l;0 ll. 71, 8l, 17.75 l3.69 l35 ll. 88 l3.20 171 ll. H3 l2.63 228 10.87 l2. 32 269 . 55
50 l6.77 215 15.67 15.05 25l. ll. .53 ll. 33 286 13.98 13.53 337 l3. 32 13. 12 373 .9l
60 19. l;0 360 l8.31 16.7l 386 16.93 lj.67 lil 3 16.28 la .58 l,58 15.52 ll. Ol. 1,9] . 20
70 22.50 5ll 20.65 18.63 526 19.09 l'7. l.9 5 u8 l8, 36 15. 75 588 l'7.5l 15.06 618 7.05
8O 25.81, 666 22.70 2O.7l, 673 21.06 18.87 690 20.27 l?.03 726 19.3% l6. 16 793 18.86
lCO 32.7l 983 26.2% 25.25 986 2h. 5, 22. 18 998 23. 70 19.79 lO27 22. (l 18.5 L | 1991 22. 17
* Data from 15 to loo"K, from published data, National Bureau of Standards Monograph 94 (Aug 1965).
Data from 120 to 300°K, published data from National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note 130 (Dec 1961).
f See Table 27 on page 55 for properties of saturated liquid and saturated vapor parahydrogen.
Bold horizontal line indicates phase change (liquid above, vapor below the line)
Conversions for Units, to Equivalent in British System’ of Units:
To convert temperature in degrees Kelvin (“K) to degrees Rankine (“R), multiply (°K) by 1.8
To convert pressure in atmospheres (atm) to (psia), multiply (atm) by 11.696
To convert volume (v) in cubic centimeters per gram (cm"/g) to (cu ft/lb), multiply (cm”/g) by .016018
To convert enthalpy (h) in joules per gram (J/g) to (Btu/lb), multiply (J/g) by . .2993
To convert entropy (s) in joules per gram “K (J/g°K) to (Btu/lb"R), multiply (3/g’K) by .23885

III–H–3
90
8O
7O
6
O
5
o
s
l
TEMPERATURE- ,
ENTROPY
CHART FOR
PARAHYDROGEN
PRESSURE (P) of m.
DENSITY (p) g mole / cm”
ENTHALPY (H) Joules/g mole
Notional Bureau of Sfondords
Cryogenics Division
Boulder, Colorado
%
2"
2O 3O
4O
5O 6O 7O
ENTROPY, Joules /g mole *K
H=500 Joul
s/g mole .
|
# - ~ +
• – ? – - -


III–H–4. 1
*
|
INTERIM T-S CHART
FOR PARAHYDRO GEN
TEMPERATURE * K
(P) atm.
(p) gm/cm’
275
PRESSURE
DENSIT Y
ENT HALPY
ENTROPY
Notional Bureau of Stondards
Cryogenic Engineering Loboratory
Boulder, Colorado
(H) Joules/gm
Joules/gm *K
25O
2OO
| 75
|50
|25
|OO
8O
25 3O 35
40 45
ENTROPY,
III–H-4. 2
5O 55 6O 65
Joules/gm -*K
Prepared for: National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note, TN 130 (PB161631) December 1961,
"Provisional Thermodynamic Fur.ctions for Parahydrogen", H. M. Rode D. Goodwin; by the
Cryogenic Data Center, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado, from property functions
reported in RBS TS 130. These functions were used to calculate terperature and entropy for all
intersections of isobars and 1 senthalps and for intersections of isobars and isometric lines.
Add : . ional pºints were also calculated as necessary to complete the precise definition of the
property i Ine 8. R. B. Stewart, R. D. McCarty, T. W. Griffith (December 1961)

900
8OO
7OO
6OO
5OO
4OO
3OO
2OO
|OO
— |OO
– 200
– 30O
— 40O
— 5OO
– 6OO
2O
3O
*- - - - - - - -
+— - — —
----------> CRITICAL POINT -
- - - +
-ENTHALPY - ENTROPY CHART-
FOR PA R A HYDROGEN
4O
ENT ROPY, Joules/g mole “K ,
TEMPERATURE (T) o K
PRESSURE (P) Of m
DENSITY (p) g mole/cm”
Nof iono | Bureau of Stond ords
Cryogenics Division
Boulder , Colorado
50 6O
“, ſº I’, 3 tº ": Nºt I h;4] fºur-au : : "...an
. . . t. F: , p: “t i. : H iſ “hyd º-ri
'• Atm . Ły II. M. 2.1% ‘. . . . Gv. - in . ºn
I jh
ſ"
-- } M. : * | * * * *- -- , a.
Siºl 1 Jr… 1 Bureau ºf 3 tinndis: dº, , ix-ulie ( , C - 1
; : . . . . , ;", tº
: Li, ſº l; , , ſº
* ... ; : ‘ f
1, t t ) J3 °F. ... t.
- - * h . ( i t .
a. [ . . ; ; y th (
7O
Tº “f* .
P: . . ui
it. . . . . . ºn tº r ,
y: "'t, I
ynan:! And
11 . .

III–H-5

XI o ‘ 3&nLw&J3d W31
OO2 -
OO|
|
E_1V_1S SV79) TV E O || E. H. 1
N | N3908C]ÅH VAJVd C] NV º OHL AJO
* T w W&JON ‘ Wn 188 ITIQOE NEENA LEG
SE ON 38 3-d-l ICJ Å d'O !! 1 N E GJEOQC1E?）
S-
}}}} |
~--~( ou od ) （± – (Oų44O) +
~
><
<>
(oued) # – vùnba) º.
oS， oS
O
(NJ
8/.SW ‘S30N383.33IQ AdOSIN3 Q30ſhC38
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
III–H-6

HTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTL
*
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
*mººd
==
of LIQUID HYDROGEN
( Normal dnd Pord)
2 O 25
TEMPERATURE, *k
3O
III–I-1. 1
Source of Data :
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of LIQUID NORMAL and PARA HYDROGEN
Powers, R. W., Mattox, R. W., and Johnston, H. L.,
Other References:
Comments:
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 5968 and 5972 (1951).
Borovik, E., Matveev, A. and Panina, E., J. Tech.
Fºys. (U.S.S.R.) lo, 998 §: Schaefer, C. A., and Thodos, G.,
Ind. Eng. Chem. 50, 1585 (1958).
The only available information on the thermal conductivity of liquid
hydrogen is that of Powers, Mattox and Johnston, who find that there
is no significant difference between the conductivity of normal and of
para hydrogen. They reduced their data to a straight line curve having
the equation
k = (1.702 + 0.05573 T) x lo-" cal cm−1 sec-1 deg".
Data for both normal and para hydrogen are shown on this curve of ex-
perimental points, and the probable error of 2% is greater than the
differences in the conductivities of the normal and para forms. In the
measurements, corrections were made in the case of normal hydrogen, for
the heat liberated in the spontaneous conversion of the normal to the
para form. The curve has a positive slope showing that the thermal
conductivity increases with temperature. This contrasts with the change
of thermal conductivities of other low boiling liquids N2, CO, CH, and
and C2H), previously investigated, which show a decreasing conductivity
with rising temperature as shown by the work of Powers, Mattox and Johnston,
and by Borovik, Matveev and Panina. + *
Schaefer and Thodos have developed curves showing a Reduced Thermal
Conductivity Correlation for gaseous and liquid hydrogen, using data of
other investigators.
No data on thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen has been found.
Thermal conductivity values computed from the equation:
k = (1.702 + .05573 T) lo-" cal/cm secºk

Temp. K k Temp. K k
°K Watts cal °K watts cal
Cºa *f; Cººl secº sm ºf: cm secº
16 10.85 x lo-" 2.593 x 10T 2l; 12.72 x lo-" 3.01.0 x lo-"
17 ll.08 | | 2.6l.9 ! I 25 12.95 !! 3.095 !?
18 ll. 32 1 2.705 ! ? 26 l3.18 II 3.15l ! I
19 ll. 55 ! I 2.76l 11 27 13.H2 f : 3.2O7 tº
2O ll. 79 ! { 2.817 ! . 28 13.65 ! ! 3.262 | |
2l l2.02 ! I 2.872 ! ! 29 13.88 ! ! 3.318 ! !
22 12.25 11 2.928 ! ! 30 ll.lz ti 3.37k !!
: 23 12.18 ! I 2.981; | ?
Reprinted from WADD TECH.
REPORT 60-56
III–I–1.2
2.O
.2•
I.O
3O
THERMAL CONDUCT | V | TY
of GASEO US HYDROGEN
of one dtmosphere pressure
( Norm o I and Poro )
6O 90 |2O 15O | 80
TEMPERATURE, "K
Norm a
2|O
24 O
27O
3OO

III–I-2. 1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of GASEOUS HYDROGEN
(Normal and Para)
Sources of Data:
• , ,Ortho-Para Hydrogen and Heavy Hydrogen, Cambridge University
Press (1935) ge. gººd
Hilsenrath, J., et al., Nat. Bur. Standards Cir. 56, 285 (1955)
Other References:
Andrussow, L., J. Chim. Phys. 52, 295 (1955)
Godridge, A. M., Bull. Brit. Coal Utilisation Research Assoc. 18, 1 (1954)
Johnston, H. L. and Grilly, E. R., J. Chem. Phys. 1, 233 (1916)
Schaerer, C. A. and Thodos, G., Ind. Eng. Chem. 50, 1585 (1958)
#;" D. H. and Hershey, R. L., Cryogenic Eng. Conf. Proc., Paper 2.02
Comments:
The lower curve, being that for normal hydrogen, represents the data
given in the Nat. Bur. Standards Cir. 56!. -
Table l. Selected Values of Thermal Conduc- Table 2 / -
tivity from Circular 564 for Gaseous Mormal #: kn
alues computed
Hydrogen and Corresponding Values Computed for - by Farkas
Gaseous Para Hydrogen - y
k k
Temp. Il Tº Temp.
O milliwatt *p milliwatt *p
K E.T.: kn am sk °K kn
l'O O.O7l; l. OOO O.O7l; 30 l. OOO
2O O. lj 5 l. OOO 0.155
30 O. 229 l. OOO O. 229 l:0 l.OOl
l:0 0.293 l.OOl 0.298
5O l.OOl;
5O 0.362 l.004 0.363
6O 0.422 l. Ol'7 0.1129 75 l.05l
3O 0.5H2 l.066 O. 578 lOO l.l36
lOO 0.664 l, lj6 O.75l.
l25 l.l.96
l2O 0.7995 l.l.90 0.94l :
ll:0 0.9l8 l.204 l. 105 . lBO l. 203
l60 l.043 l. 195 l. 246
l60 l. 166 l. 167 l. 36l 175 l.l75
2OO l.l
2OO l. 282 l. l.25 l. HB5 35
220 l. 398 l, l03 l. 542 22 l.096
240 l. 507 l.076 l'Éls 5 09
200 l. 613 l.055 l.TO2 250 l.065
270 l. 665 l. Ol;6 l. 7:15 273 l. Olil;
28O l. 717 l,039 l.784
3OO l. 8165 l.027 l.8655 298 1.028


Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
III–I-2. 2

XI o ‘3&n1w 8 Bd W31
OO |
(u)
g gz:2 + '"'ºo ººx
(4),(d)
8 GZ^2 + ‘‘OX
N30O8QAH T V W HON
O L \/\]\/d -JO O I.LV/?]
Å LI /\|_LO0Q NOO TV/WHEH L
OOI
O 1"|
O2"|
(d), , ,
X / 'X' " Ol. LV8
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
u)
~）º
AllA 110ſ]ONOO TVW 8.3HL
III–I-3
Source of
Data :
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HYDROGEN
Stewart, J. W. (1961), The Dielectric Polarizability of Fluid Parahydrogen. , J. Chem.
Phys. (in press).
Other References:
COmments:
Breit, G., and Onnes, H. K. (1924), Preliminary Measurements Concerning the Dielectric
Constant of Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen and Its Dependence on Temperature
as Regards the Latter Substance, , Kon. Akad. Wetenschap. Amsterdam 33, 705-8; Proc.
Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 27, 617–20 (193); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leſden No. 171a
(1921); C.A. 19, 758 (T325).
Wolfke, M., and Onnes, H. K. (1921), On the Dielectric Constant of Liquid and Solid
Hydrogen. , Kon. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 33, 701-h; Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 27, 627-30
(1921); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden 171c (1921); C.A. 19, 758 (1925).
Werner, W., and Keesom, W. H. (1925), The Variation of the Dielectric Constant of Liquid
and Solid Hydrogen with Temperature. , Kon. Acad. Wetenschap. Amsterdam 3, 745-54;
Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 178a (1926); C.A. 20, 1168 (1926).
Guillien, R. (1939), The Dielectric Constants of Hydrogen. , Rev. Sci. TI, 575; Chem.
Zentr. 1910, II, 1839; C.A. 36, 685l (1912).
Guillien, R. (1910), La Constante dielectrique au Voisinage du Point de Fusion. (The
Dielectric Constant in the Vicinity of the Fusion Point.), J. Phys. radium (8) 1,
29-33; C.A. 31, 311.5 (1910).
Van Itterbeek, A., and Spaepen, J. (1912), Détermination de la Constante Dielectrique
du Deuterium Liquide. (Determination of the Dielectric Constant of Liquid Deuterium.),
Physica 9, 339-lilº; C.A. 37, 5292 (1943).
Maryott, A. A., and Smith, E. R. (1951), Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids. ,
National Bureau of Standards Circular No. 5ll; C. A. H6, 2357 (1952).
Stewart reports the dielectric constant of parahydrogen for the range 21, to 100°K at
densities up to 0.08 g/cm". The experiment shows that the dielectric constant depends
only on density. Tabular values are presented as calculated from the following equation:
(e + 2) pſ(e - i) = 0.99575 - 0.09069p + 1.1227.p" with p in g/cm". Since the values are
tabulated as a function of density the usual distinction between gas and liquid could not
be accomplished and so all of the values are tabulated as liquid hydrogen data.
The earliest measurements on the dielectric constants of saturated liquid hydrogen were
made by Breit and Onnes. They report values for 7 to 76 cm Hg and ll. l.2 to 20.38°K.
Wolfke and Onnes continued the above work and obtained additional values over the same
range.
From a series of experiments at various dates, Werner and Keesom concluded that the best
value of the dielectric constant of hydrogen at 20.36°K (the boiling point) was l.231 l
to an accuracy of 0.02%. They also report ll values between ll.lo and 20.49°K.
Guillien used a wave length of 2.250 m and reported values from ll.OO to 20.60°K.
Van Itterbeek and Spaepen report a value of l.226 at 755 mm of Hg and 20.35°K.
Maryott and Smith have selected the value of l.228 at 20.1 °K and l atmosphere.
III—J-l. 1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID HYDROGEN
(cont.)
Stewart (1961)
Densit Dielectric
tº Constant
O,005 l. Oljlj
O. Olo l.03016
O.Ol; 1.04591;
0.020 l.06158
0.025 l.07739
0.030 l.09336
O.035 l. 10950
O.Ol:0 l. 12580
O.Ol;5 l.ll;226
O.050 l. 15889
O.O55 l.l7569
O.060 l. 19265
O.O65 l. 20977
O.OTO l.22705
O.O.75 l. 21,1,1,9
O.08O l.262.10

Taken from NBS Report 8252
III—J–1.2
Dielectric constant and Clausius-Mossotti function for fluid para-hydrogen.
Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM
(10-'g/cm3) °K Constant % cm3/g (10-'g/cm3) °K Constant % cm3/g
0.016765 28 1.00505 +0.036 1.00228 0.358512 80 1. 11219 —0.024 1.00576
0025715 28 1.00776 +0.039 1.00304 0360054 50 1. 11269 +0.008 1.00541
0026519 40 1.00801 +0.030 1.00359 0398586 65 1.12530 —0.026 1.00611
0034449 28 1.01041 +0.035 1.00339 04.00016 42 1. 12579 0 1.00600
0037412 32 1.01132 +0.024 1,004:49 04.00223 70 1.12579 —0.015 1.00567
0050222 50 1.01521 +0.004 1.00421 0401574 40 1.12634 +0.061 1.00569
0056184 38 1.01702 +0.029 1.00374 0404005 55 1. 12710 — 0.005 1.00613
0056650 80 1.01717 –0.007 1.00481 0405146 50 1. 12741 +0.009 1.00548
00571.70 33 1.01733 +0.035 1.00455 0407482 60 1. 12817 —0.004 1.00556
0059522 80 1.01805 —0.027 1.00495 04.09102 100 1.12870 —0,070 1.00617
006015.3 32 1.01825 +0.036 1.00505 040918.5 46 1.12880 0 1.00608
0060244 55 1.01826 +0.003 1.00413 04:18687 55 1. 13187 +0.002 1.00566
0067.220 65 1.02040 —0.036 1.00506 0421467 38 1. 13300 +0.087 1.00635
007.5221 40 1.02284 +0.038 1.00390 0422553 48 1. 13321 +0.014 1.00602
007.77.18 100 1.02362 –0.029 1.00546 0423174 34 1. 13359 +0. 167 1.00578
0079296 90 1.02410 —0.041 1.00527 0423378 80 1. 13340 —0.031 1.00589
008:1568 42 1.02478 0 1.00441 0423652 80 1. 13350 — 0.026 1,00588
0088321 32 1.02692 +0.042 1.00669 0430.425 90 1. 13572 –0.041 1.00600
0089202 60 1.02712 —0.005 1.00449 04357.56 33 1. 13761 +0. 110 1.00537
0090032 46 1.02739 0 1.00491 0449143 70 1. 14189 —0.013 1.00564
0092.193 55 1.02807 —0.004 1.00537 04.50937 55 1. 14527 —0.002 1.00606
00945.74 48 1.02879 +0.011 1.00499 0465613 55 1. 14736 +0.004 1.00554
0098575 70 1.03002 —0.014 1.00515 0466349 60 1.14758 –0.003 1.00546
0.104944 34 1.03204 +0.061 1.00639 0474182 32 1. 15050 +0.090 1.00653
01.15753 32 1.03545 +0.068 1.00837 0478433 90 1. 15162 —0.040 1.005.94
0115854 50 1.03534 +0.003 1.00498 0482057 44 1. 15290 +0.021 1.00578
01.23237 80 1.03764 —0.010 1.00466 0483.569 80 1. 15333 —0.025 1.00577
0.12557.1 37 1.03839 +0.074 1.00544 048.5595 80 1. 15399 —0.020 1.00566
0.126507 55 1.03865 +0.003 1.00533 0489.245 100 1. 15517 –0.098 1.00620
0.136309 80 1.041.69 —0.030 1.00578 0491.168 40 1. 15598 +0.034 1.00592
0141772 40 1.04337 +0.051 1.00456 0505522 55 1. 16073 —0.002 1.00593
0.148742 65 1.04557 –0.033 1.00634 0506885 90 1. 16110 — 0.039 1.00580
0.149419 32 1.04601 +0. 119 1.00888 0508042 60 1. 16147 —0.003 1.00536
0.151000 44 1.04624 +0.035 1.00490 0508572 55 1. 16168 +0.004 1.00547
0160449 100 1.04918 —0.034 1.00561 0511043 46 1. 16260 –0, 002 1.00608
0.163584 90 1.0501.7 –0.043 1.00592 0511195 33 1. 16276 +0.044 1.00627
0173114 80 1.05316 —0.013 1.00584 0511906 42 1. 16289 —0.003 1.00606
0.173229 33 1.05325 +0.219 1.00459 0513428 34 1. 16371 +0.062 1.00726
0180477 38 1.05551 +0. 132 1.00530 0516423 65 1. 16433 —0.021 1.00580
0186.593 46 1.05743 0 1,00667 0516663 70 1. 16435 —0.012 1.00540
0195968 55 1.06033 —0.013 1.00607 O520167 37 1. 16575 +0.043 1.00612
0.196746 42 1.06064 0 1.00698 0527490 40 1. 16813 +0.023 1.00586
0205823 80 1.06341 —0.033 1.00608 0529592 38 1. 16888 +0.033 1.00595
0206474 50 1.06362 +0.009 1.00560 0535897 55 1. 17085 +0.002 1.00541
0210203 34 1.06496 +0.286 1.00536 0536103 100 1. 17082 —0. 100 1.00591
0218806 70 1.06748 —0.017 1.00555 0540023 33 1. 17240 +0.037 1.00597
0220768 90 1. 06812 —0.047 1.00621 0541.247 34 1. 17283 +0.032 1.00607
0221520 60 1.06833 –0.005 1.00530 0541535 80 1. 17271 ––0.022 1.00546
0221767 48 1.06850 +0.015 1.00646 054557.7 80 1. 17406 —0.017 1.00534
0223416 34 1.06941 +0.518 1.00689 0546103 48 1. 17438 +0.006 1.00589
0224424 65 1.06926 —0.032 1.00585 0547645 30 1. 17521 +0.078 1.006.79
0225.738 100 1.06968 — 0.037 1.00590 0555.256 40 1. 17748 +0.019 1.005.75
0238542 80 1.07374 —0.016 1.00587 0556653 55 1. 17790 —0.001 1.00568
0249848 55 1.07734 —0.014 1.00609 0567377 44 1. 18155 +0.010 1.00563
0253596 40 1.07861 +0.091 1.00596 0567641 70 1. 18151 — 0.010 1.00517
0.264823 46 1,08216 0 1.00656 0574922 33 1. 18415 +0.025 1.00570
0281923 80 1.08753 —0.030 1.00592 0576415 32 1. 18479 +0.023 1.00637
0283158 37 1.08817 —H·0.224 1.00607 0577663 40 1. 18507 +0.016 1,00570
0286633 90 1.08904 —0.047 1.00611 0580169 30 1. 18614 +0.054 1.00645
0293817 50 1.091.33 +0.009 1.00546 0587536 34 1. 18860 +0.029 1.00641
0296.176 55 1.092.13 –0.007 1.00605 0597621 40 1, 19185 +0.014 1.00561
0300691 42 1.09362 0 1.00644 0597998 33 1. 19200 +0.020 1.00564
0301.108 80 1.09367 — 0.018 1,00576 0599697 80 1. 19238 —0.009 1.00496
0309977 65 1.09653 —0.031 1.00601 0601563 70 1. 19302 —0.010 1.00497
0315579 60 1.09831 –0.005 1.00549 0606167 38 1. 19478 +0.016 1.00565
0316387 44 1.09863 +0.048 1.00556 0606252 65 1. 19467 — 0.019 1.00533
0326522 100 1. 10184 — 0.048 1.00598 0606256 55 1. 19473 —0.001 1.00542
0328298 48 1. 10248 +0.019 1.00598 0613601 28 1. 19744 +0.029 1.00604
0336164 70 1.10495 — 0.017 1.00562 0614400 42 1, 19758 — 0.002 1.00559
0346550 55 1. 10838 –0.006 1.00616 0615782 46 1. 19803 —0.001 1.00559
0.347869 80 1. 10875 –0.030 1.00586 0622470 34 1. 20050 +0.022 1.00620
0348913 90 1. 10908 –0.045 1.00596 0625155 34 1. 20128 +0.013 1.00563
0349320 55 1. 10922 +0.006 1.00553 0626175 70 1. 20141 —0.010 1.00483
III—J-1. 3
Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr, CM Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM
(10-)g/cm3) °K ConStant % cin’/g (10-'g/cm3) °K Constant % cm”/g
06.271.71 48 1.20192 —H·0.003 1.00548 07.14887 46 1.23222 —0.001 1.00499
0628268 26 1.20247 --0.036 1.00596 07.17522 34 1.23318 ––0.006 1.00506
0629.227 32 1, 20277 --0.012 1.00606 07 19501 28 1.23391 +0.015 1.00513
0637022 26 1. 20547 --0.034 1.00589 0720832 24 1.234.43 --0.015 1.00536
0637244 30 1. 20556 –-0.033 1.00597 0721993 26 1.23.477 --0.015 1.00507
063996.1 3S 1. 20635 --0.013 1.00552 0722890 38 1.23506 +0.004 1.00508
0647953 34 1. 20924 –H 0.018 1.00604 0725677 34 1.23615 --0.009 1.00547
06:4S389 28 1. 20933 +0.019 1.00577 0.731547 48 1.23801 0 1.00478
06-19919 44 1. 20972 +0.005 1.00527 0732545 30 1.23852 +0.017 1.00523
0651773 26 1.2105.2 +0.028 1.00579 07.32894 44 1.23847 --0.002 1.00471
0600S6S 32 1.21365 --0.011 1.00586 07:482.11 48 1.24381 () 1.00455
0662032 55 1.21407 —0.003 1.00515 07:492.59 24 1. 24.433 +0.012 1.00501
()670511 3S 1. 21689 --0.010 1.00542 0750821 33 1. 24.477 --0.004 1.00466
()671388 48 1.21713 --0.001 1.00527 0752291 32 1.24538 +0.005 1.00501
0677296 34 1. 21936 --0.014 1.00588 07:56042 44 1. 24654 +0.002 1.004-42
0677346 37 1.21926 --0.011 1.00543 0756764 26 1. 24687 --0.012 1.00460
067.9330 26 1.22000 +0.026 1.00548 0757.538 37 1.24716 -–0.005 1.00.472
06S0691 33 1.22038 --0.010 1.00525 0763224 28 1.24916 --0.007 1.00467
06S3305 28 1.22137 --0.014 1.00550 0764242 30 1.24958 +0.008 1.00490
0684323 65 1.22147 —0.022 1.00482 0765562 48 1.24986 —0.004 1.00430
0.691.192 44 1.22397 --0.005 1.00504 0770045 44 1.251.43 –0.001 1.00422
0.691725 38 1.22422 +} 008 1.00528 0.774111 37 1.25297 — 0.001 1.00.459
O695061 30 1.22549 +0.020 1.00561 0777903 .25 — 0.001 1.0()409
0696.403 2. 1.22598 ––0.018 1,00570 #; ; ; ; I. º.
069S405 48 1. 22649 +0.001 1,00512 0781763 34 i.25562 Töö. iodiss
07.02519 34 1.22809 ––0.012 1.00566 . ZSS +0.002 nº
0703164 32 1.22827 –-0.006 1.00554 0789785 26 1.25847 +0.006 1.00439
07.09360 38 1.23034 +0.00S 1.00513 0790084 28 1.25859 +0.004 1.00435
0713561 42 1.23176 —0.001 1.00501 0792892 32 1. 25962 0 1.00453
07.13744 55 1.23174 – 0.006 1.00474 0796441 42 1.26071 — 0.001 1.00391

Taken from R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder, chapter il. Properties
of Normal and Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in Technoloby and Uses of
Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New York (1964)
III—J–1. 4.
rce of
ata:
e Iſ
e CeIl Ce S :
DIELECTRIC constanT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN
stewart, J. W. (1961), The Dielectric Polarizability of Fluid Parahydrogen. , J. Chem.
Phys. (in press).
Boltzmann, L. (1875), Pogg. Ann. Physik 155, 103-22. -
clemencic, J. (1885), Exuers Rep. 21, 5th-611; Akad. Wies. Wien. 91 II, Tl2.
Scheel, K. (1907), Bestimmung der Brechungsexponenten von Gasen bei Zimmertemperatur
und bei der temperatur der Flussigen Luft. (Determination of the Index of Refraction
of Gases at Room Temperature and at the Temperature of Liquid Air.), Verhandl, deut.
Physik. Ges. 9, 24-36; C. A. l., 1823 (1907).
Tangl, K. (1908), tiber Die Dielektrizitätskonstante einiger Gase bei hohem Druck.
(Regarding the Dielectric Constants of Several Gases at High Pressure.), Ann. Physik
26, 59-78; C.A. 2, 2492 (1908).
*Cuthbertson, C., and Cuthbertson, M. (1910), On the Refraction and Dispersion of Air,
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen and their Relations. , Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 83A,
151; P.A. 13, 362 (1910).
*Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Gaseous Substances in the Ultraviolet Spectrum.,
Arkiv Mat. Astron. Fysik 8, No. 20; C. A. I, 2711 (1913).
*Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Light in Gases in the Ultraviolet Region. , Arkiv Mat.
Astron. Fysik 9, No. 6; P.A. 17, 233 (1911).
Occhialini, A. (1911), The Dielectric Constant of Hydrogen at High Pressures. , Atti Accad.
Lincei 22 II, 1,82-84; C. A. 8, 1370 (1911).
Occhialini, A. (1914), The Dielectric Constant of Some Strongly Compressed Gases and the
Mossotti-Clausius Relation. , Nuovo cimento I, 108-26; C. A. 8, 2518 (1911).
Riegger, H. (1919), tiber die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Dielektrizitätekonstanten von
Gasen. (Concerning the Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Constant of Gases.),
Ann. Physik 59, 753–60; C. A. ll, 877 (1920).
*Kirn, M. (1921), The Dispersion of Hydrogen in the Ultraviolet. , Ann. Physik 6l., 566;
C.A. 15, 22.7 (1921).
Fritts, E. C. (1923), The Measurement of the Dielectric Constant and Magnetic
Susceptibility of Gases by High Frequency Methods. , Phys. Rev. 21, 198.
Fritts, E. c. (1921), A Determination of the Dielectric Constants of Five Gases by a
High Frequency Method. , Phys. Rev. 23, 345-56; C.A. 18, 11.23 (1924).
Zahn, C. T. (192h), The Electric Moment of Gaseous Molecules of Halogen Hydrides. , Phys.
Rev. 2k, l,00-17; C.A. 19, 126 (1925).
Watson, H. E., Rao, G. G., and Ramaswamy, H. L. (1931), The Dielectric Coefficients of
Gases. Part I: The Rare Gases and Hydrogen. , Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 132A, 569–85;
C.A. 25, 5320 (1931). &-
Uhlig, H. H., Kirkwood, J. G., and Keyes, F. G. (1933), The Dependence of Dielectric
Constants of Gases on Temperature and Density. , J. Chem. Phys. 1, 155-59; C.A. 27,
1790 (1933). -
Michels, A., Sanders, P., and Schipper, A. (1935), The Dielectric Constant of Hydrogen
at Pressures up to ll:25 Atm and at Temperatures of 25°C and 100°C., Physica 2, 753-6;
C.A. 30, 919 (1936). -
Wan Itterbeek, A., and Spaepen, J. (1913), Mesures sur la Constante Diélectrique de
Quelques Gaz non Polaires (Hº, D", He, of et l'Air) et Co Entre la Température
Ordinaire et 20°Abs. (Measurements of the Dielectric Constants of Several Non-polar
Gases (H2, D2, He, Oa and Air) and Co Between Ordinary Temperature and 20°Abs.),
Physica lo, 173–84; C.A. 38, 5kk2 (19bl.).
III—J–2. 1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN
(cont.)
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1916), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases.,
Phys. Rev. 69, 101-05; C.A. |0, 2266 (1916).
Van Itterbeek, A., and de Clippeleir, K. (1916), Mésures Sur la Constante Diélectrique
de l'Anhydride Carbonique, de l'Ammoniaque Ainsi que de Mélanges. (Measurement
of the Dielectric Constants of Carbonic Anhydride, of Ammonia as Well as of
Mixtures.), Physica 12, 97-104; C.A. lo, 56.13 (1916).
Wan Itterbeek, A. , and de Clippeleir, K. (1918), Measurements on the Dielectric Constant
of Gaseous NHa, CO, and Ha as a Function of Pressure and Temperature., Physica ll,
349-56; C. A. l.2, 8036 (1918). tºº
Miller, J. G. (1918), VI - Dielectric-Constant and Refractivity Data. , Trans. A.S.M.E.
70, 61,5-h9; C. A. l.2, 7ll7 (1918).
Zieman, C. M. (1951), Dielectric Constants of Various Gases at 91.70 Mc., Phys. Rev.
83, 243; C. A. lić, 6ll.9 (1952).
Ishiguro, E., Arai, T., Kotani, M., and Mizushima, M. (1952), Polarizability of the
Hydrogen Molecule. , Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65A, 178-87; c.A. l,6, 1829 (1952).
Zieman, C. M. (1952), Dielectric Constants of Various Gases at 91.70 Mc., J. Appl. Phys.
23, 154; C. A. Ló, 6419 (1952).
Essen, L. (1953), The Refractive Indices of Water Vapour, Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Hydrogen, Deuterium and Helium. , Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 66B, 189-93; C. A. l.
9083f (1953). 9 >+” *I,
Maryott, A. A., and Buckley, F. (1953), Table of Dielectric Constants and Electric
Dipole Moments of Substances in the Gaseous State. , Natl. Bur. Standards. Circ. 537;
C. A. l.T 10928 (1953).
Comments:
Both Boltzmann and Clemencic found the value of the dielectric constant of hydrogen at
0 °C and l atm pressure to be l.000261. Scheel reports a dielectric constant of
l.00027166 at 0°C and l atm.
Tangl made experimental determinations at pressures from 20 to 100 atmospheres and by
extrapolation found the value at 20°C and l atm. to be l.000273. To substantiate their
value they show the complete agreement of their measurement with the Cauchy relation,
by which the square of the index of refraction at 20°C and l atm. and infinite wave
length is equal to the dielectric constant.
nº = l.000136 and nº, a l.000273.
Occhialini found that the value of the relation (D - 1)/p(D + 2) of Clausius-Mossotti
(D is dielectric constant and p is density) is more nearly constant than (D - 1)p.
They call the former relation by the name of Lorenz-Lorentz. In Occhialini's second
article previous observations are confirmed and he gives a value of l.0002705 for
hydrogen at 0°C and 76 cm Hg.
Riegger made measurements at -191°C at pressures of 100, 600, and 760 mm Hg. His final
result calculated for 16.5°C and 760 mm Hg is 1.000253.
Fritts reported a value of l.00022l at 0°C and l atm. in 1923 and a value of l.000263
+ 0.0000015 in 1921. He used a beat frequency method operating at 0.8 Mc.
III—J–2.2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN
(cont.)
Zahn found l.000265 as the average of 19 readings at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Watson et al. measured the dielectric constant by the heterodyne beat method at 25 and
-191°C. They report values of l.0002518 and l.0002515 for 25°C and 760 m, determined
from measurements at 25 and -191°C respectively. They also report values of 1.0002749
and l.0002716 for oºc and 760 mm, determined from measurements at 25 and -191°C
respectively. These values are compared with those given by optical methods where the
square of the index of refraction at 0°C as measured at infinite wavelength is given as
l.0002716.
Uhlig et al. report values determined by a heterodyne beat method at 0 and 100°C for
pressures from 30 to 150 atmospheres.
Van Itterbeek and Spaepen report values at temperatures from 20.3 to 293.3°K.
Michels et al. report values of dielectric constant for pressures up to l!25 atm and
temperatures from 25 to loo”C. Only the 25°C isotherm is given here.
Hector and Woernley report a value of l.OOOO2721, it O.OOOOOOlo at 0°C and l atmosphere
obtained by a heterodyne beat method.
Miller presents a review of dielectric constant and refractivity data. He includes a
compilation of dielectric constant values for 0 °C and l atmosphere. Because index of
refraction data extrapolated to infinite wavelength are regarded as a more accurate
source of dielectric constant values, Miller gives for comparison values of n.
Preliminary values of Van Itterbeek and de Clippeleir published in 1916 at 0.8 Mc are
reported for a pressure of l atm. and temperatures between 0 and 90°C. *
In 1918 the above authors published data at pressures from 760 to llooo m Hg in three
temperature ranges, namely 0, 20, and loo"C.
Ishiguro et al. applied the variation method to calculate the polarizability O. using a
modification of the wave function of James-Coolidge. Matrix elements of C. were calculated
by the use of the Morse function and its characteristic functions. On this basis they
calculated the dielectric constant of hydrogen to be l.0002666. They quote earlier
experimental values of l.000273, l.000263, l.000259, and l.000265.
Zieman made use of a cavity comparator and a microwave refractometer in his measurements
at 91.70 Mc and reported a value of l.OOC355 + 0.000005 at STP (0°C and l atm.). As this
value is well above all earlier measurements, and does not agree with the square of the
index of refraction at infinite wave length, its accuracy should be questioned.
Essen reports the index of refraction of gaseous hydrogen at 0°C and 760 mm of Hg as
l.OOOl360. Using the relation e = n , we obtain e = l.0002720.
Maryott and Buckley made a critical review of dielectric constants obtained by radio
frequency, microwave and optical methods and recalculated by one of two systematic
procedures in order to place the work of various experimentors on a more comparable
basis than exists in the literature. They recommend a value of l.0002538 + 0.0000003
at 20°C and l atmosphere. t
Stewart reports the dielectric constant of parahydrogen for the range 21 to 100°K at
densities up to 0.08 g/cm”. The experiment shows that the dielectric constant depends
only on density. Tabular values are presented as calculated frºm the following equation:
(e 2) pſ(e - i) = 0.99575 - 0.09069p + 1.12279 with p in g/cm”. Since the values are
tabulated as a function of density the usual distinction between gas and liquid could not
be accomplished and so all of the values are tabulated as liquid hydrogen data.
III—J–2. 3
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN

Michels et al. (1935)
Temp. P(atm) Dielectric
°C Constant
21.92 l. 15 l.OOO28
1? 7.96 l.00l.92
! ! l3. H7 l.0032!
11 l8.95 l.001,66
$1 24.53 l.006Ol
11 30.03 l.OO730
11 31.68 l.008),3
t? 35.52 l.00861,
f'ſ ll.00 l.00995
!? l;6. H2 l. Oll25
ºf 5l.89 l.01252
!? 57.36 l.01379
—II 6l.53 l. Oll;75
f : 88.13 l.02083
! ! lll .67 l.O2668
11 lºl. 36 l.0324h
—II 168.07 l.03810
! ! l91.87 l. Ol;370
t! 22l. Hl l.O.H.885
ºf 21.8.l.9 l.O5398
|t 27].88 l,05900
7t 255. Ol; l.055 l;0
! I 367.15 l.O7535
11 l,78.78 ‘l. O9310
-TI 590.53 l. 10925
! I 7O2.2O l.l21,33
11 8ll.62 l.l3766
fi 926.05 l.ljoll!
11 lo37.86 l.l6157
21.86 1032.7l, l. 16077
! ! l229.25 l. 17920
11 ll;25.36 l. 19500
III—J–2.4
:
Original and Corrected Data from Two Older Sources
As originally reported
As corrected by
Van Urk et al.
As corrected in this Note
al
In error.
T h H
°t P., Y H Y .. H P. *v Y
3 3 K 3 3
° K CIY). CII). g/cm g/cm dyne s/cm CIY). dyne s/cm (NBS 1955) cm g/cm g/cm dynes/cm Ø
ºr,
Kamerlingh Onnes and Kuypers [1914] ;
O
16. 16 2. 0.64 2. 23 1 O. O75 1 0. 0003 2. 9 1 2. 169 2. 631 16. 198 O. O7524 O. 0.0035 . 634 tr;
9 Values H
f
gº * 2. . O733 . 00 e © e e O tº ºf . &
17. 99 1. 869 02 I 0733, O 0.05 2 57; 1. 962 2 319s 18. O 50 Van Urk O7345 OOO 67 . 3 17 ;
18. 70 1. 794 1. 94 l . 07.26 . 0008 2.43 1. 883 2. 194 18. 764 et al. . O727 1 . 00085 . 196 5.
. 8 5 adopted 2.
20. 40 l. 6 16 l. 749 . 0708 . 0013 2. 126 l. 694 1. 9 10 20. 453 . 07084 . 00 136 . 9 10 H
H
KO
Van Itterbeek [1940.] c
H
17. 72 1. 540s 1.65s . 0740 *. 0.061 2. 66 17. 747 1. 697 . 07375 . 00061 . 393 tj
20. 32 1. 323s 1.44, . 0708 . 0 0 13 2. 19 20.354 1. 457 . O709 6 . 00 132 . 956 É
:0
O
É

Should be 0.0006 1
Reprinted from NBS TECH.NOTE 322
SURFACE TENSION LIQUID HYDROGEN
27 D Onnes 8. Kuypers n-H,
o Van Itter beek n-H,
D — Grigor'ev
26 H.
25 H.
E
C)
^
wn 24 H
Q)
Cº.
>
~5
- 2.3 H
2
O
2 22 H
Lil
H.
Lu 2. H
C)
<ſ
Li-
Orº Yº-
Im) 2O
Oſ)
|.9 H.
|.8 | _l | |
| 6 | 7 |8 |9 2O 2|
TEMPERATURE, o K
Figure 2.
Corrected experimental surface tension points of Kamerlingh
Onnes and Kuypers and of Van Itterbeek and straight lines rep-
resenting the experimental points of Grigor'ev.
Reprinted from NBS TECH. NOTE 322
G PO G. CŞ2 - '9 |
III-K-1. 2

§§É8
§
8
:
§
§
5
VISCOSITY OF LIQUID PARAHYDROGEN
viscosity, g/cm sec xlo'
- - N)
9 3 3. 3 § §
§
:
Uſ)
Fº
-
Cº.
> 0
Nº.
-
rin
O
ſ:
O
C.
C
Reprinted from R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder, Chapter ll.
Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in
Technology and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press,
New York (lº 64)

III–L-1. 1
VISCOSITY Of GASEOUS
NORMAL HYDROGEN AT
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
O
TEMPERATURE, *K

III-L-2. 1
VISCOSITY OF GASEOUS NORMAL HYDROGEN
Source of Data:
AT ATMOSHPERIC PRESSURE
R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder
Chapter ll. Properties of Normal and
Parahydrogen. p. 379-404 in Technology
and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (lo 64)
Comments: These values were calculated from data
referenced in the Stewart and Roder paper.
Temperature Viscosity Temperature Viscosity
°k g/cm sec °K g/cm sec
lC) 5.10 × 107° l60 58.52 x 107°
2O l0. 93 170 6l. 00
30 l6. O7 l80 63.43
40 20.67 l90 65 - 80
50 24.89 200 68. 13
60 28. 76 210 70 . 43
70 32 . 37 220 72 - 68
8O 35 - 79 230 74 - 90
90 39 . O3 240 77. O8
100 42. ll 250 79 - 23
ll.0 45 - O 7 260 8l. 35
l2O 47 - 93 27 O 83 .45
l30 50 - 70 280 85 - 52
l40 53. 38 290 87. 57
150 55 . 98 300 89 - 59

III-L-2. 2
VISCOSITY DIFFERENCES
Data Sources:
Becker, E. W., and Stehl, O. (1952), Ein Zähigkeitsuntershied von Ortho- und Para-
Wasserstoff bei Tiefen Temperaturen. (Viscosity Difference between Ortho and
Para Hydrogen at Low Temperatures), Z. Physik l;3, 615-28.
Webeler, R., and Bedard, F. (1961), Wiscosity Difference Measurements for Normal and
Para Liquid Hydrogen Mixtures, Phys. Fluids li, 159-60.
Diller, D. E. (1965), Measurements of the Viscosity of Parahydrogen, J. Chem. Phys. l.2,
2O89 - 21OO o
Comments:
The viscosity differences of gaseous Ortho and para hydrogen determined by Becker and
Stehl (1952) are small, approaching l'É near the triple point. Liquid values, however,
differ by larger amounts with differences of about 5% at saturation near the triple
point. Diller (1965) points out that the liquid differences are nearly zero when
compared at the same densities rather than the same temperature. The results of Becker
and Stehl (1952) indicate the viscosity of gaseous para hydrogen to be larger than
gaseous normal hydrogen; while the results of Diller show the normal hydrogen values to
be larger than the para hydrogen values in the liquid region.
Becker and Stehl (1952) measured the difference in viscosity between various mixtures
of Ortho and para hydrogen with a capillary bridge arrangement.
Webeler and Bedard (1961) measured a quantity equal to the product of viscosity and
density of liquid para and Ortho hydrogen with a piezoelectric alpha quartz torsional
oscillator. They found that the value of np for 69% orthohydrogen at temperatures from
l3.8 to llº.5 °K is about lºft larger than the corresponding values for 28% ortho hydrogen.
The precision of the values of np is given as 0.2%.
Diller (1965) also used a torsional crystal method to make extensive measurements on
para hydrogen. He included a few points for normal hydrogen along the saturated liquid
line. All of the data are analytically represented with a mean deviation of 0.7%. An
accuracy of 0.5% is claimed. The tables that follow include Diller's saturation data
only.
Reprinted from NBS REPORT 8812
III-L-3. 1

Becker and Stehl (1952)
Gaseous Hydrogen
(nx - na) 100/in
Percent Para Hydrogen
99.8 62.2 50.2 l;2.7
90.l 0.ll6 O.O75 O.055 0.039
77.3 0.139 O.089 O.O65 O.0l.9
63.2 O.l75 O.ll.0 O.079 O.058
20.3 0.56l 0.323 0.231 0.162
lj.O 0.712 O. 376 O.258 0.182
mx = Wiscosity of ortho-para hydrogen mixture
mn = Wiscosity of normal hydrogen
Diller (1965)
Viscosity of saturated liquid (Micropoise)
T, “K Normal Para Difference
ll. 26l. 3+ 250.7 l3.6
l; 230.2 22l. 3 8.9
l6 2O3.9 l97.5 6.l.
l'7 l82.9 177.7 5.2
18 l65.6 l60.5 5.l
l9 lºl. 5 ll;7.0 lº.5
2O l39.2 l35. It 3.8
2l l28. It l25.3 3.l
22 ll&.7 ll6.l 2.6
23 ll.0.5 lo8.l 2. l;
2k 102.6 lCO.8 l.8
25 95.7 93.5 2.2
26 89.0 87.2 l.8

* This value has been corrected for a typo-
graphical error.
III–L–3. 2
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE IN VISCOSITY OF
MIXTURES OF ORTHO AND PARA HYDRO GEN
:
O4
i
FROM NORMAL HYDRO GEN
(Becker and Stehl, 1952)
>
Percent Parahydrogen
O 99.8 D 50.2
A 62.2 K» l;2. T
º
s
T-
T-
T-
:-
H
25
5O
75
TEMPERATURE, * K
95


Xa º 38 ſa Lv 83d W31
92�2| 22
9 |
ſ» |
\sſ
( G96|| ‘ ： 0 | | | Q )
N B 9) O H Cl V, H \/\）] \/d C] NV/
T] \/ W M’ONC] | [] O i T O E_1\/\ſ][^1\/S
N B E WA 138 30 NE|}}|E|-||-||C] /\1||SO0 SIA
O |
!»|
asſodololu " ("u-"u) apNagasalo Alisopsia
III-L-3.4
VELOCITY OF SOUND IN LIQUID PARAHYDROGEN
| 800
|600
Speed of sound
as a function of density
showing isotherms. The
dashed lines are calcu-
lated values." The heavy
lines indicate phase
boundaries. The open
circles indicate location
of the measurements.
For reference, the den-
sities of the critical
point and triple point
are indicated on the
abcissa.
|2OO
|OOO
8OO
6OOH-
4 OO sº
}* Criticol Point Triple Point gº
20C) 1 l —l- ! I l —1– | | 1 l I l 1 1 _l l
OOO O.OI OC2 O.O3 O.O4 OO5 OO6 O.O7 O.C.8 OO9
DENSITY, gm /cm”
13OO TI -T- —I- T T I I -T I T T I T I I I I I -I-
|2OOH- *
| |OOH- *
O
: KOOOH- tºº
^
sº H *
Q)
'o
Speed of sound in satu- E 900H *
rated liquid normal hydrogen and º
parahydrogen. The open circles > |- *
are for normal hydrogen. For ref- - º
erence, the locations of the boilin 5 sooH º
point and triple point are indicat O
on the abcissa. —l }-
Lil -
>
7OOH- sº
|- º
6OOH- *
5OOH- *
b. p. !. p.
l 1 l l —1– | 1 I l 1— L _l | 1– l 1– L | —1.
JO4O O44 .O48 .O52 .O56 .O6O .064 .O68 .O72 O76 .O8O
º DENSITY, gm/cm *
Reprinted from Young love, B. A. .


III–M-l
VELOCITY OF SOUND IN PARAHYDROGEN

8
O
O
ºme
-
* 4th
|4
OO
*
-4
|2
OO
H
*
8OOH-
6|
OOOOO
17
4.
O
O
Pºme
2OO ſ I | 1– 1 | | I
| 4 20 3 O 4O 5 O 6O 7 O 80 90 |OO
TEMPERATURE. "K
The velocity of sound in para-hydrogen, from Goodwin, et al. [9].
(ML, SL, and SV refer to melting line, saturated liquid and saturated
vapor, respectively.)
Reprinted from R. B. Stewart and H.M. Roder Chapter ll -
Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen p. 379-404 in Technology
and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New York (1964)
III–M-2
VELOCITY OF SOUND IN HYDROGEN
Data Sources:
Van Itterbeek, A., Van Dael, W., and Cops, A. (1961), Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves in
Liquid Normal and Para Hydrogen (ll-20°K), Physica 27, lll-ló.
Van Itterbeek, A. , Van Dael, W., and Cops, A. (1963), The Velocity of Sound in Liquid
Normal and Para Hydrogen as a Function of Pressure, Physica 29, 965-73.
Younglove, B. A. (1965), Ultrasonic Velocity in Fluid Parahydrogen, Manuscript submitted
for publicatiºn.
Comments:
The velocity of Sound of liquid normal and para hydrogen has been accurately determined
by both Van Itterbeek, et al. (1961, 1963) and Young Love (1969) belºw 20°K. The agree-
ment of these difference:3 from these sources is excellent. The differences in the gaseous
states are not , however, well known. One may estimate these differences from the thermo-
dynamic relationship , C* = v(2P/ap)T where C = velocity of sound, Y = CP/CV, and
P, T, and p are pressure, temperature and density, respectively. It is known from P-W-T
measurements that the values of (AP/ap) of normal and para cannot t, 2 rºch different.
Thus in regions where the differences in C /Cy are large such as around 150 °K one can
estimate the percentage difference in velocity of sound as one half the percentage
difference in the specific heat ratio of normal and para hydrogen.
d liquid normal
gth interfer-
pe 3 m/sec
y estimate the
uncertainty at 0.2%.
Van Itterbeek, et al. (1963) extended the above work tº pressure c o
difference between normal and para hydrogen at low pressures is less
article by the same authors.
f 2.0 kg/cmº. The
3 than in the pre-riºus
Younglove (1965) made velocity of Sound measurements on fluid para hydrogen with a pulsed
sound technique. Measurements were made from 15 to 100°K and up tº 350 atmospheres, and
are claimed to be accurate to 0.05%.
Reprinted from NBS REPORT 8812
III–M-3. 1

Van Itterbeek, et al. (1961)
Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Normal Hydrogen
0.996 me/sec l.91.5 mc/sec l.90, mc/sec
Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound
°K m/sec °K m/sec °K m/sec
20.37 ll2O. T. 20. l;2 lll.9.2 20. lºl, lll.9. l.
l9.97 ll3l. T 2O. lo ll28.6 l9.08 ll.96.8
19.67 ll.0.3 19.85 ll36.0 l8. l.2 llT1.6
19. 37 ll.9.9 l9.58 lll;2.6 l8. Ol, ll32.3
18.93 ll.99.7 l9. 32 llSO. l. l?. l;5 ll.9l, .5
18.6l ll66.7 l9.02 ll:57. l; 17. Ol, l2O3. l
18.18 ll'76.9 l8.7O ll65.8 l6.57 l2ll. 7
l'7.72 ll37.9 l8.35 ll'73.9 lS.98 l227.6
l'7.15 l2OO. 3 l?.95 ll63.5 lº. 32 l210.2
l6.6l l2ll. 5 l?.52 ll.93.2 l3.23 l2ll. 2
l6.0l. l221.3 17.50 l2O3.9 ll. .59 l25l. 3
lS. 15 l2];2.8 l6. l.9 l2ll.9 ll.ls l262.3
ll. 59 l25l. I, lj.92 l227.3
ll.l3 l263.6 lj. Ivl, l237. l.
ll.89 l217.8
ll. 52 l255.0
ll.ll l262.6
Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Para-Hydrogen
0.987 me/sec
l.937 mc/sec
l,.869 mc/sec
Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound
°K m. Sec °K m/sec °K m/sec
20.36 llll .3 20. ll lllO.9 2O. lo lllj. 3
2O.O8 ll22.5 l9.9l ll25.3 19. 1,6 ll 37.9
l9.77 ll 30.8 l9.53 ll31.8 l6.92 ll.jl. l
l9.55 ll36.9 l9.06 ll. 6.2 l8.21, ll68.l
l9. 29 lliºl. I, l8.62 ll 57. 9 l'7.66 ll&2.l
l8.87 llji. 6 18.13 ll68.5 l6.99 ll.96.9
l8. 18 llól, l l?.53 ll&3. l l6.52 l2Ol. 3
l8.02 ll 75. l. l6.9l ll.96.5 lS. 88 l220.5
l'7.52 ll36.3 l6. 38 l2O8. T lj. 33 l23O. l
l6.9l l2OO. l lS. 76 l22l. 7 ll.83 l210. 7
l6.2O l2ll.9 lS.O8 l231, .. 3 ll. 38 l21.9.2
lS. 29 l232.5 li. 63 l243.2
ll.06 l255.9 ll.l7 l250.8
20. 10 llll .8
l9.76 ll28.2
19. 13 ll 38.7
19.00 ll.9.0
18.55 ll 59. C
l?.96 ll 71.3
l'7. l;3 ll 88.5
l6.93 ll.99.6
l6.32 l2O8.5
15.59 l225. l.
ll.85 l210. l.
ll.06 l253.6
III–M-3. 2

Van Itterbeek, et al. (1963)
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Hydrogen
T = 20.50°K T = 19.17°K
n-B2 e-Ha n-H2 e-Ha
P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
kg/cm" m/sec kg/cm." m/sec kg/cm" m/sec kg/cm" m/sec
236.0 l712.l 210.0 l'718.6 177.5 1617. l. 188.5 1667.6
230.0 l?32.7 229.0 l'729.3 lT0.3 l633.3 183.5 l658. l.
220.3 l'715. It 22 l.O lTll.9 l60.9 l615.6 175.O l6l;2. li.
210.1; l697.3 2ll .5 l698.7 150.5 1591.0 170.0 l631.8
200.9 l679.9 202.3 1680.5 139.7 1571. H. l6l.0 l6ll. It
190.6 l660.7 l92.5 l663.l l30.O l:519.6 ljl. O lj93.7
180.5 l6hl.6 l8l.5 l6hl. 3 l2O.3 l;28.0 ll.0.5 1571. li.
170.6 l622.0 | 1.7l.5 l622.5 ll.0.0 lSOO.0 l30.2 ljl;9.6
l60.2 l60l.0 16l.2 l60l.l 100.3 ll,80.6 120.0 1526.l
150.6 1580.9 150.5 l;78.6 90.8 ll;56.l. 109.5 lSO2.3
llºl.2 1560. l. llil.0 1558. l; 80.5 ll;29.7 100.5 ll,79.5
l30.8 1537.l l3l.5 l;37.6 70.00 ll.00.6 90.7 ll;55.3
l2O.7 ljl3.0 l2l. 5 l;13.6 60.50 l327.5 80.5 ll;28. l;
llo. 6 ll,89. l; lC9.7 ll,85.2 50.50 l341.3 71.50 ll;03.2
lOO .. 7 ll;65.3 lCO. 7 lić3.l l;0.50 l309.5 6l.00 l372.6
90.5 ll 38.5 9l. O ll;37. l 29.20 l27O .2 5l. 25 l342. It
80.7 lill. 6 79.0 ll,04.7 2l. 60 l241.l l;2.90 l3llº. 6
70.50 l382.l 68.75 l371.5 l2.95 l2O6.3 34.20 l285.0
6l.05 l353.6 6O.OO l317.6 6.25 ll 77.3 26.10 l25l.9
50.85 l320.7 50. HO 1315.7 l. TO ll.95.5 18.10 l22l.l
ll.lº 1287.2 l,0.50 l281.6 10.30 ll.92.6
31.10 1250.O 3O.75 l2k5.5 6.20 ll'73.2
23.00 l218.l. 20.85 1205. l. 2.05 ll33.9
l'7.25 ll.93. li. 12.05 lló6. l. l. 50 llºl. 3
ll.80 lló9.l. 7.10 ll!2.3
8. l;0 ll;2.6 2.75 lll.9.6
l!.95 ll35. It l. 20 llll .5
l. HO lll 7.5
T = 18.25 °K T = 16.7l “K
n-H2 e-H2 n-He e-He
P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity
Of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
kg/cm3 m/sec kg/cm3 m/sec kg/cm’ m/sec kg/cm’ m/sec
l27.0 1575.3 ll:6. It lj92.0 90.l. ll,86.6 85.O ll:68.2
135.5 1571.9 137.0 lS7l.9 88.7 ll:81.2 78.O ll.90.9
128.5 l356.7 l29.0 lS53.9 8l.O ll:69. H. 68.90 ll;26.7
ll3.5 lj B5. l ll&.5 lj Bl, l 71.80 llilić.0 6O.25 ll.03.2
108.0 ljlO.9 108.5 1507.7 65. 10 ll;20.9 5O.75 l375.8
97.3 ll;85.3 99.5 ll,86.8 55. 10 l393.2 ll. HO 1347.6
87.2 ll;59.3 90.0 ll,62.8 l,5.90 1365. l. 31.50 1316.3
87.O ll,59.3 79.5 ll.36.5 37.00 l338.0 2l. 35 1282. 3
78.7 ll;37.7 7O. l;O llilo. 7 26.85 1305.6 13. lo 1252.6
69. 30 lill. 2 60.50 l382.6 l9.60 l280.5 8. 3O 1234. H.
60.55 l387. l; 50.50 l352.7 13.50 1259.l 2.60 l2ll. 7
50.55 l357.3 l,0.70 l32.l.. O 6.80 1233.8 l. HO 12O7. O
HO. HO l325. l 30.60 1287. l. l. 60 l212.9
31.00 1291. It 20. 1,5 1250.6
22.2O 1263.6 12.75 l22l. 2
lj.OO l235.9 6.60 ll.95.3
8. 30 l2O8.5 2. lo ll'77. It
2.30 ll.83.3 l. 50 llT3 ..l
III–M-3. 3

Van Itterbeek, et al. (1963) (cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Hydrogen
T = lé.O.9°K T = 15.35°K
n-H2 e-H2 n-H2 e-He
P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
kg/cmſ m/sec kg/cmſ m/sec kg/cm’ m/sec kg/cm” m/sec
60.50 lliló.5 65. 10 ll;26.8 2O. 55 l308.9 38.50 l360.7
55.00 ll,02. l; 60.50 ll.13.6 l7.50 1298.6 36.20 1353.9
l;9.90 l387.7 55. l;5 ll.00.l ll.90 l290.0 32.15 l3ll.5
l;5.10 l373.7 50.30 l385.O l2.50 1282.2 28.05 l329. l
35.30 l3llº. 5 40.60 l356.6 7. l;0 l263.0 2l. HO l308.2
30.15 l328. l; 35.60 l3+1.6 5. lº 1256.8 17.30 l293.9
25.10 l312.6 30.60 l326.0 3.95 l25l.l lS.05 1286. l.
20.35 l296.2 25.35 l309.l 2. lo l2ll!.6 l2.00 l276.l
lj. lo l278. l. 2O. 70 l292.8 l. HO l2ll.5 9.85 l268.7
lC). 20 l261.6 15.60 1275. l; 6.55 l256.7
5.95 l215.3 10.60 l257.2 lº.10 1217.3
2.05 l230. l; 5.50 1238.3 l. TO l238.2
2.05 l221.8
T = 15. ll; “K
n-H2 e-He
P Velocity P Velocity
Of Sound of Sound
kg/cmſ m/sec kg/cmſ m/sec
28.70 l338.9 29.70 l336.5
26.70 l332.3 26.90 l327.7
23.10 l322.7 23.10 1315.6
2O. lº l313. O 20. 10 l305.6
17.20 l302.2 l'7.00 l295.8
ll.00 l291. 7 ll.05 l285.O
ll. 10 l28l. 3 ll. 25 l275.7
8.50 l272.3 8.90 l267.2
5.90 l263.2 6.15 1257.2
3.80 l255.l 3. OO l21.6.0
l. 50 l217.1 O. 25 l235.2
III–M-3. 4

Younglove (1965)
Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Hydrogen
T, “K Density, g/cm” Velocity of Sound, m/sec
Para Normal Para Normal
ll.5 O.O76ll l2ll.9
l; O.O7599 0.07632 1232.6 12ll.8
l6 O.O7510 O.O75l.3 1212.8 1221.8
l? O.O7I117 O.07||19 ll.9l.7 1200.6
l8 0.07319 O.O7350 ll69.0 ll 77.9
l9 O.O7216 O.O721.6 llll .6 ll.93.5
2O O.O7108 O.O7137 lll&.5 ll.27.0
2l O.06992 O.O7O2O lC90.3 lC99.3
22 O.O687O O.O6896 1060.0 loé9.l
23 C.O6739 O.O676l. 1027.3 1036.5
2l. 0.06599 0.06622 992.0 lCOl. 3
25 O.O6ll,7 O.O6l,69 953.6 963.l
26 O.O6282 O.06302 911.8 92l. 7
27 0.06100 0.06120 866.O 876.3
28 O.O5897 O.05917 815.2 826.1
29 O.O5665 O.O5687 758.2 77O.O
29.5 0.05536 O.O5559 726.6 739.0
30 O.05391, O.05l/20 692.6 705.6
30.5 0.05236 655.3
3l O.O5058 O.O5095 613.2 629.2
31.5 O.Ol;819 O.Ol;898 566.5 583.8
32 0.0l,592 O.Ol;66l 509. 2 530. l;
32.25 0.0ll, 33 l,70.5
32.5 O. Ol:353 l;90.2
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Parahydrogen
T = 15.OOO “K T = l'.OOO “K T = 19.000°K T = 20.500 °K
P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
atm m/sec atm m/sec atm m/sec atm m/sec
31.52 l35l. 6 8l. 36 ll,58. 3 l'7l. 39 l6l. 8.3 229.88 l'739.8
22. Ol l3ll. H. 5l. 68 l375.3 l35.67 1567.2 l95. 19 1676.7
8.8l l265.3 30.15 1306.3 99.56 ll,8l. 6 l;0.62 l;85.5
6. Ol, l215.8 73.99 llil 3.0 124.12 1525.3
lili. 23 l32.l.. l 91.73 llil;2.8
l;0. 72 1309.7 63.5l l360.2
22.9l, l243. H

III–M-3. 5

XI o ‘ 38 n.lv 83d W31
9 2O29 |
|„—Ģ-- N===））!
Tº-
( G96|| ‘ 9 AO I Ďuno), )
N39 O8QAH \78 wd QNV Twº W HON
C||0||0||T. OB 1\/\ſ][^1\/S NE BAWA 138 ONTOS
-}O \ _1 | O OT] BA N | B O N B \} E - -| | 0
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oss/ u ‘‘o-"o 39N383.341G GNnos 30 Alloonaa
III-M-3. 6
IV. PROPERTIES OF DEUTERIUM
CONTENTS
A. Vapor Pressure
B. Density of Liquid Deuterium (At Saturation)
C. Heat of Vaporization
IV- INDEX
Sources of Data:
NORMAL DEUTERIUM – LIQUID WAPOR PRESSURE
Friedman, A. S., White, D., and Johnston, H. L., "The Direct Determination of the Critical Temperature
and Critical Pressure of Normal Deuterium. Vapor Pressures between the Boiling and Critical Points",
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 1310-ll (1951), C.A. h5, 5992 i.
Grilly, E. R., "The Vapor Pressure of Hydrogen, Deuterium and Tritium up to Three Atmospheres",
J. Am. Chem. Soc. T3, 843 (1951).
Hoge, H. J., and Arnold, R. D., "Vapor Pressures of Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Hydrogen Deuteride
and Dew Point Pressures of their Mixtures", J. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. li.T., 63-71; (1951).
Other References:
Brickwedde, F.
G. , Scott, R. B. , and Taylor, H.
and Para Deuterium", J. Chem. Phys. 3, 653–60 (1935).
S., "The Difference in Vapor Pressures of Ortho
Newman, R. B., and Jackson, L. C., "The P, T, x Relationships of Hydrogen plus Hydrogen Deuteride
and Hydrogen plus Deuterium Mixtures between 18° and 28°K", Trans. Faraday Soc. 5l, 1181-91. (1958).
Comments:
The table was obtained by a least squares fit to (l) of the experimental data with a weight propor-
tional to pressure.
ln P =
A
# + Aa + AAT' + A, (T")* + As(T’)* + Asſt") *
The uncertainty Of the Smoothed value is estimated to be + O.Ol ‘’K.
(l)

TABLE l. Vapor Pressure of Liquid n-Dº (for interpolation)
200/T Temp logio P A Temp 360/T
l/°K °K mm Hg atm psia °R l/°R
10 - 7 l 8, 692 2. 1038 -0. 7771 O. 3901 337 33. 645 10, 7
10 - 6 18. 868 2. 1376 -0. 74 33 0.4239 338 33 e 962 10.6
10 - 5 19.048 2. 1714 -0. 7094 O. 4578 339 34 • 286 10.5
10 - 4 19. 231 2. 2054 -0. 6754 O. 4918 339 34 - 6 15 10. 4.
10 - 3 19.4 17 2. 2394 -0.64 14 O. 5258 340 34 e 951 10, 3
10, 2 19, 608 2. 2735 - 0. 6073 0 , 55.99 34 1 35 e 294 10, 2
10 - 1 19. 802. 2. 3077 -0.573 l O. 594 l 342 35, 644 10 - 1
10 * 0 20,000 2. 34 19 -0. 5389 0. 6.283 342 36 e 000 10. 0
9 • 9 20, 202 2. 3762 - 0 , 50.46 0.6626 343 36 s 364 9, 9
9 • 7 20 - 6 19 2.4451 -0.4357 0.7315 345 37 e l l 3 9 e 7
9 - 6 20, 833 2,4796 - 0, 4012 O , 7660 34.5 37 e 500 9 • 6
9 • 5 21,053 2.5 142 -0, 36.66 0 < 8006 34.6 37 e 895 9. S
9 • & 2 le 277 2.54 88 -0, 3320 0 , 8.352 34 7 38 e 298 9 • 4.
9 • 3 2 1 , 505 2,5836 -0. 2972 O - 8 700 34; 7 38. 71 O 9 • 3
9 • 2 21 739 2 - 6 184 - 0.2624 O. 904 8 348 39 e 130 9, 2
9. 1 21 978 2, 6532 - 0 , 22.76 O. 9396 34.9 39 e 560 9, 1
9 • 0 22, 222 2.6 882 -0. 1927 0. 9745 349 40,000 9 • O
8 ~ 9 22.472 2.72.32 -0. 1577 l. 009.5 350 40 e 4 & 9 8 e 9
8.8 22.727 2. 7582 -0. 1226 1.0446 351 40 e 909 8 * 8
8 . Y 22,989 2. Y933 -0.08 75 1 , 0.797 351 4 1 s 379 8, 7
8 - 5 23.529 2. 86 38 -0.01 70 l. 15O2 353 4.2 s 353 8 s 5
8. & 23, 8 10 2.8991 0.01 83 l 1855 353 & 2 e 85.7 8, 4.
8 - 3 24 • O96 2.9345 0.0537 l. 2209 354, 43 e 2 73 8. 3
8 s 2 24 • 390 2.96.99 0.089 l l 256 3 355 4 3 2 902 8 - 2
8 - 1 24 • 691 3.0055 0, 1247 l. 29.19 355 44 e 44 & 8 - 1
8.0 25.000 3.04 l 1 0. 1603 1. 3275 356 45,000 8 - O
IV—A-1
TABLE 1. (Continued)
200/t Temp logio P ^ Temp
l/*K °K mm Hg atm psia * R L/ R
7. 9 2 5 - 3 16 3. 0.768 O. 1960 l .. 36 3.2 357 45 - 57C 7. 9
7, 8 25, 6 & 1 3 , l l 25 O - 23 l 7 l. 398 9 358 46 , 15 & 7, 8
7. Y 25, 97& 3, 14 8& O - 26 76 l ; 4 3 & 8 35 Q 4, 6 - 75.3 7 - 7
7, 6 26 - 3 16 3, 1843 0 , 30 35 l ; 4 707 359 & W - 3 & 8 7. 6
7. 5 26 . 66 7 3. 2204 0. A 39 5 1 - 506 7 360 4 8. 000 7, 5
7, & 27. 027 3. 2565 (). 3 75 7 1 - 5 & 29 36 | & 8 - 6 & 9 7. 4
7. 3 27, 397 3. 2927 0 , 4 l l 9 l , 5.79 l 36 2 4 Q - 3 15 7 - 3
7. 2 27. / 78 3. 329 l 0. & 4 83 l . 6 155 36 4 50, 000 7. 2
7. 1 28 - 169 3. 36.56 O. 48 48 l , 65.20 36 5 50 - 704 7 - 1
7. J. 28.57 l 3. 4022 O. 52 l 4 l . 6, 886 366 5 i , 429 19
6 - 9 28, 986 3. 4 390 0 , 55.82 1 - 7254 36 8 $2 . I 74 6 9
6. 8 29, 4 1 2 3, 4 759 0 , 5.95 l l , 7.62 3 36 Q 5.2 . Q & 1 6 - 8
6 - 7 29.85 l 3, 5 l 3 l O. 6 3 22 1 .. 7994 371 53 . Y. 3 1 6 - 7
6 . 6 3 O. 303 3 - 55 0 & 0 - 6 6 @ 5 1 - 8 36 7 37 3 5 & . * * 5 6 .. 6
6 - 5 3 0 , 769 3. 58 79 0 , 707 l l - 8 74 3 3 y 5 6', . , 8 º' 6 - 5
6 . 4 3 l .. 250 3.. 6 256 (). Y 4 & 8 1 , 9 l 20 37 7 56 e 25 C 6 - 4
6 - 3 3 l .. 746 3.. 66 3.6 O. 78 28 1 . 9500 380 5 7. 1 4 3 & = 3
6 , 2 3 2. 258 3, 70 l 8 0. 82 1 0 1 , 988 2 38.2 58 ... O 6 5 6 - 2
6 - 1 3 2. 787 3 - 7 & O & O - 859 & 2 - O 26 8 385 5 Q. 01 6 6 - 1
6 - 0 33 - 3 33 3 - 7792 0 , 8984 2. 06'56 388 60 . OOC 6 . ()
5. Q 33. 898 3 - 8 l 8 & O. 93 76 2. 104 8 392 6 1 - 0 1 7 5 - 9
5 - 8 34 . 4 83 3 , 8.5 Y 9 Q , 977 l 2. 1 & 4 3 395 62. 069 5 - 8
5. 7 35 - 0 88 3, 89 /8 l . 0 | TO 2. l 84 2 399 6 3, 158 5. 7
5, 6 3.5 - 7 1 & 3. Q 3 8 || 1 - 05 T 3 2 - 22 & 5 4 () 3 6 & . 286 * ... 6
5 - 5 36 - 3 & 4 3 2 9 T 88 l , 0.980 2. 265 2 40 7 6 5 4 & 5 º 5
5. 4 3 7.0 3 7 & ... O 1 99 l . 1 39 l 2, 3 Q 6 3 & 1 1 66 - 66 7 &
5, 3 3 . 736 4 - 06 l 4 1 - 1806 2. 34 78 4 15 6 Y. 925 3
5. 2 38 . 462 4 - 1 0 33 l - 22 25 2. 38 97 4 l G 6 9 - 23 1 2
5. 1 39 s 216 & . 1 & 56 l , 26 & 8 2. 4 3 20 & 2 3 70 , 588 l
7ARLF . . Yaper Fre's sure ºf Liquid n-De at Integral Temperatures
Temp Prº - sure Temp
^ K a tim §ºm Hg * : 1 a ^R
l 8, 7.20 O. 1692 l 28 . 6 2. & 8 7 3.3 - 696
1 9. OOO Q , i. 9 1 3 1 & 5 - 4 2.8 l 1 34 - 200
2 O. OOO O - 289 l 2 19 - 7 4 - 2 & 9 36 e OOO
2 1 - 000 0 - 4 21 8 3.20. 6 6 - 1 99 37 - 8 OO
22, 000 0 e 596 5 & 53 - 3 8 - 766 39 - 600
23.000 0. 8204 6 23.5 12,057 & 1 - & 00
24. OOO 1 - 10 1 2 8 36 - 9 1 6 - 18 3 & 3 - 200
25. O00 1 - 4 & 6 3 1 O 99 - 2 21 .. 256 & 5. OOO
26 - 000 1 e 86 35 14 16 . 3 27, 386 & 6 - 8 OO
27, 000 2. 3605 1794 - O 34 - 690 48 - 600
28.000 2, 94.5 3 2238 - 4 & 3 - 284 50. 400
29. OOO 3 - 6 26 3 2756 - O 53 - 292 52 - 200
30, 000 4 - 4 l 21 3 353 - 2 6 4 - 84, 1 54 - 000
3 1. OOO 5. 31.23 40 37, 3 78 - O TO 55 - 8 OO
32. OOO 6 - 3 36 7 4, 8 l 5, 9 93 e 1 2 4 57 s 600
33. 000 7 * 4, 959 56 96 e 8 1 1 0 = 1 5 9 59 - 4 OO
3 4. Q00 8. 8009 66 88. T 129 - 3 38 6 1 - 200
3 5. OOO 1 0 , 26.32 7800. 1 15 O e 829 63.000
3 6. 000 1 1 , 89 & 2 90 39 - 6 1 74 - 79.8 64 - 800
3 7. OOO l 3. 7046 104, 15, 5 20 l = 403 66 - 600
38. Q00 1 5 e 7038 1 1934 - 9 230 e 78 3 68 - 4 OO
38. 350 16 e 4 & 95 1 250 1 e T 24, 1 - 742 69.030

Taken from Cryogenic Data Center Memorandum
M l, Cryogenic Division of National Bureau
of Standards, Boulder, Colorado.
IV-A-2
24O
|6
��）
O
LLI
0，
I DE
C/O
C/O
LLI
Or，
Cl-
0，
CD
Q_
<![
>
23O
—]
<[
>
Cr
O
2
Q
1. O
G
–1
| 5
>
I-D
0，
u_j
#-
-D
Li ]
C)
22O
2 |O
| 4
2OO
| 3
| 90
| 8C)
|2
(sºu ºudsouļo) BºnSSEMJd E. LOTOSgw
«），OOD , OON-(O
OO
•O
| 70
| 6O
|50
| 4 O
| 3O
| 20
|OO
(DISd) BºnSSE&Jd B LnTOSSV
8O
7O
60
5o
4 O
2O
TEMPERATURE, *K

IV-A-3
NORMAL DEUTERIUM - SATURATION DENSITY OF LIQUID
Sources of Data:
Clusius, K., and Bartholome, E., "Calorische und Thermische Eigenschaften des Kondensierten
Schweren Wasserstoffs" (Calorimetric and Thermal Properties of Condensed Heavy Hydrogen),
Z. physik. Chem. B30, 237-57 (1935).
Kerr, E. C., "Molar Volumes of Liquid Deuterium and of a l to l Mixture of Tritium, Deuterium,
19.5 to 21.5°K", J. Am. Chem. Soc. Th, 824-25 (1952).
Friedman, A. S., Trzeciak, M., and Johnston, H. L., "Pressure-Wolume-Temperature Relationships of
Liquid Normal Deuterium", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1552-53 (1951).
Comments:
Clusius and Bartholome (1935) represent their experimental data by
w = 22.9758 + 0.2472 ( T – 18) + 0.0137 (T - 18)*.
They found the molar volume at the triple point (18.65°K) to be 23.ll, cm”.
Kerr (1952) combined his experimental values with those of Clusius and Bartholome by the least
squares method to obtain the equation -
V. (cm"/mole) = 18.555 + 0.1291, T + 0.001:203 Tº
which has a standard deviation from experimental points of 0.04%. [The deuterium was 99.6% pure,
with 0.1% hydrogen as the impurity].
Friedman, et al. (1954) made P-V-T measurements with liquid normal deuterium between the triple
and critical points. The isotherms were extrapolated to the saturation line to obtain the values
of density listed in the tables of experimental values.

Tables of Experimental Values .
Clusius & Bartholome (1935) Kerr (1952) Friedman, Trzeciak, Johnston (1954)
T, “K v,cm”/mole p, g/cm" T, “K v,cm”/mole p,g/cm” T, “K v,cm”/mole p, g/cm”
l8.8O 23.l79 0.1737; l9.5l 23. lill . 1721 35.17 33.52 . l.2O2
l8.97 23.235 O. 17332 2l.ll. 23.889 .1687 30.52 28. l;3 .ll l8
l9.2l; 23.298 O. l'7285 22.375 2|, .281 .1660 27.2l 26.32 ..l.531
l9.6l. 23. l.27 O. l'7190 23. lil 2|, .620 .ló37 23.52 21.66 .l634
2O.O5 23.5ll O. lT107 2l. 205 21.905 ..l618 20.33 23.57 ..l710
20.07 23.535 0.l71ll
20. Hl 23.657 0.17023
20.53 23.687 O. l'700l
The following table of selected values for saturation density of liquid n-deuterium have been determined
graphically from the experimental data. Uncertainty for the temperature range lº” to 35°K, the range of
the data, is 0.6% in molar volume. Above 35°K, large changes in volume occur for small differences in
temperature and the uncertainty in volume or density becomes larger.

Table of Selected Values
T, “K v,cm”/mole p,g/cm” T, “K v,cm”/mole p,g/cm”
l9 23.25 ..l733 29 27.38 .ll,72
2O 23.5l. ..l712 30 28. O2 .ll:38
2l 23.85 .1690 3l 28.76 .ll.0l
22 2l.l7 .1667 32 29.6l .l36l
23 21.52 ..lólil: 33 30.6l .l:317
: 21.90 .l618 3|| 3l. 75 .l.269
25. 32 ..lj9l 35 33.25 . 1212
26 25.78 .l:563
27 26.28 ..l.933
28 26.80 ..l.90l.
Taken from Cryogenic Data Center Memorandum M4, Cryogenic
Division of National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado
IV–B–1
SPECIFIC
DENSITY OF LIQUID
NORMAL DEUTERIUM
|5 2O 25 3O 35 4 O
TEMPERATURE ("K)

IV-B-2
|
2O
SPECIFIC
VOLUME OF LIQUID
NORMAL DEUTERIUM
25 3O
TEMPERATURE ("K)
35
4 O

IV-B-3
EQUILIBRIUM DEUTERIUM – HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
Sources of Data:
Kerr, E. C., Rifkin, E. B., Johnston, H. L., and Clarke, J.T.,
"Condensed Gas Calorimetry. II. He at Capacity of Ortho-
Deuterium between l3. l and 23.6°K, Melting and Boiling
Points, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization. Vapor Pressure
of Liquid Ortho-Deuterium", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73, 282–89 (1951).
White, D., Hu, J.H., and Johnston, H.L., "The Heats of Vapor-
ization of Para-Hydrogen and Ortho-Deuterium from their
Boiling Points to their Critical Temperature", J. Phys. Chem.
63, ll&l–83 (1959).
COmments:
Kerr, et al. (1951) determined the heat of vaporization for
20.4°K equilibrium deuterium (97.8% o-deuterium) with a
sample containing 0.6% HD. This value of the heat of vapor-
ization at the boiling point (23.59°K) is 292.3 + 1.5 cal/mole.
Another determination with a sample containing l. l mole per-
cent HD gave a value for heat of vaporization of the boiling
point of 293.93 + 0.5 cal/mole. Corrections were made for
the amount of HD in each case. - º
White, et al. (1959) used deuterium containing 0.99% HD
impurity which was catalyzed to 20.4 °K equilibrium (97.8%
O-deuterium and 2.2% p-deuterium). A correction was made
for the impurity. Uncertainties in the heat of vaporization
may be as much as 5% at temperatures approaching critical
due to uncertainties in density obtained by extrapolating
P-V-T data of Friedman” to the saturation line .

Experimental Values
Kerr, et al. (1951) White, et al. (loº 9)
Temp. Heat of Vaporization Tamp. Heat of Vaporization
°K cal/mole joules/gm K cal/mole joules/gm
23.59 292 .. 3 3O3 .. 5 24.25 287 - 7 298 - 7
23.59 293 - 9 305 - 2 26.83 275 . T 286. 3
28 - 58 262.5 272 . 6
30 - 53 245.9 255. 3
32.48 224. l 232. 7
34 . lo l98.4 206. O
35.43 173 - 5 180 . 2
36 . 57 l50.3 156. l
37 - 52 l20.0 l24.6
* Friedman, A.S., Trzeciak, M., and Johnston, H. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc.
#3, iáš’ (iššāj
IW-C-1
32O
HEAT of VAPORIZATION
of EQUILIBRIUM DEUTERIUM
O - KERR (1951)
3OO A - WHITE (1959)
28O
26O
24 O
22O
2O O
| 8 O
| 6O
| 4 O
| 20
2O 25 3O 35 4O 45
TEMPERATURE, *K

IV–C–2
V. PROPERTIES OF NEON
CONTENTS
Vapor Pressure
Density of Saturated Vapor and Liquid
Compressibility Factor
Specific Heat
l. Saturated liquid
2. Gas
Heat of Vaporization
Enthalpy
Thermal Conductivity
l. Liquid
2. Gas
Dielectric Constant
l. Liquid
2. Gas
Surface Tension of Liquid
Viscosity
l. Liquid
2. Gas
Velocity of Sound
l. Gas
W– INDEX
Source of Data:
VAPOR PRESSURE LIQUID NEON
R. D. McCarty
Properties of Neon from 25 to 300 K Between
0. l and 200 Atmospheres", Cryogenics Division
and R. B. Stewart,
National Bureau of Standards
Temperature Pressure
°K (atm)
25 0. 50366
26 O . 70902
27 0. 97255
28 l. 3037
29 l. 7124
30 2 . 2088
31 2.803 l
32 3. 5061
33 4.3286
34 5. 28.18
35 6. 3773
36 7. 6271
37 9. O439
38 l0. 64l
39 12.432
40 l4.434
4l l6. 66l
42 l9. 133
43 21.867
44 24 . 887
44.4 26. 19
"Thermodynamic

W–A–1
2O,O
:
3O.O
|O.O
9.O
8.O
7.O
6.O
5.O
4.O
3.O
2.O
|O
O.9
O.8
O.7
O.6
O.5
O4
25
3O
VAPOR PRESSURE
L|QUID NEON
35 4O
TEMPERATURE , o K
45

V-A-2
DENSITY OF SATURATED WAPOR AND LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: R. D. McCarty and R. B. Stewart, "Thermodynamic
Properties of Neon from 25 to 300°K Between
0. l and 200 Atmospheres", Cryogenics Division
National Bureau of Standards
Saturated Saturated
Vapor Liquid
T O O
emperature 3 4 3
°K (g/cm ) x 10 (g/cm )
25 5 l. Ol.9 l. 24020
26 69. 708 l. 223 70
27 93. 109 l. 20640
28 121.95 l. 18850
29 157.02 l. 17000
30 l99. 23 l, l'E080
3 l 249 .58 l. l.2 100
32 309 . 26 l. ll030
33 379 . 65 l. O8880
34 462.43 l. 06640
35 559 , 61 l. 04280
36 673 - 68 l. 01800
37 807. 73 0.99.156
38 965 - 67 O . 96.319
39 ll 52.6 O . 93 235
40 1375 - 5 O - 89822
4l l645. 1 O - 85944
42 1981 .. 6 O .. 81338
43 2434.5 O .. 753 63
44 3224.0 O . 65.096
44.4 4830 . O O .48300

W–B–1
.
2O
25
DENSITY Of SATURATED
LIQUID NEON
3O 35 4O
TEMPERATURE, *K
45

W–B–2
Z ‘80LOW3 ALITIGISS38dWOO
op o ſolo o º „epin og
Kuo, duoqo：n ôuļ u seuſ du 3 oquebo 4 m o
$ på 0 pu o į Sy o no º ang| Duoſ į DN
_L}} / /\ d = Z
NOEN HO-ſ
}}O_LOV/-] /\ L | Tl||8 ISSE （HdWOO
Sºuºudsouļo º 3&nSS38d
|
Dļsd º 3&nSSB Hod
Z ‘HOLOW3 ALITIGISS38d WOO

W–C–1
SPECIFIC HEAT (C6) OF SATURATED LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: Gladun, C. "The Specific Heat at Constant
Volume of Liquid Neon", Cryogenics, Vol.6,
27–30 (1966)

Temperature C.
°K joules/g °K
25 1.80
26 l. 82
27 l. 85
28 l. 88 -
29 1.92 i
30 l. 96
3 l 2.0l
32 2.06
33 2. 12
34 2. l.9
35 2. 27
36 2.36
37 2.47
38 2.58
39 2.77
40 2 . 97
4l 3. 27
42 - 3. 77
43 4.96
V-D-1. 1
i
25
SPECIFIC HEAT (co-)
Of SATURATED
L|QUID NEON
3O 35 4O
TEMPERATURE, * K
V–D–1.2
45
5O

SPECIFIC HEAT of GASEOUS NEON
Source of Data : Keesom, W. H. and van Lammeren, J. A. ,
Physica l, llól-70 (1934).
Comments: Holborn, L. and Otto, J., Z. Physik 33, 1-12 (1925)
give a value of Cp /Cv at 0°C and l atm of 1.66.
Michels, A. and Gibson, R. O., Ann. Physik (*), 87,
850-76 (1928) give a value of Cp /cy at 0°C and Tatm
of l.65. Ramsay, W., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 86,
lOO (**) gives a value of Cp /cy at 19°C and Tatm
of l. 614.
Table of Selected Values

C C
Temp. Pressure P V C
°K tm gal cal cal cal -:-
* |g-male "K | ET"K |gºalsTºk | ET"K V
26.25 | O.6 5.36 O.266 3.07 o.152 l.7ll;
26.25 O.l. 5.22 0.259 3. Oli O. ljl l.T17
26.25 O. 2 5.08 0.252 3.00 0.149 l.692
26.25 0.0 l;.95 O.2l,8 2.97 O.ll,7 l.669
27.8O l.O 5.55 O.275 3.ll. O.156 l.TTl
27.80 O.8 5.l:3 0.269 3.ll 0.15l. 1.718
27.80 0.6 5.31 0.263 3.07 O. l;2 l.T26
27.80 O. l; 5.19 O.257 3. Oli O. ljl l.TO6
27.8O O. 2 5.07 0.25l. 3. Ol 0.149 l.687
27.80 O.O l.95 O.2k5 2.97 0.117 1.669
62.5l. O.978); 5. Ol O.2l;8 2.99 O. ll:8 l.677
7l.ll O.8152 l;.99 || 0.2i;7 2.98 O. ll:8 1.673
90.21; O.9581 l.97 0.216 2.97 O.ll,7 1.671,
17O.O O.9822 l!.96 0.2116 2.97 O.lk/ l.67O
273.1 O.8797 l.96 0.2116 2.98 O. ll:8 l. 668
Taken from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
V–D–2. 1
:
5C)
150
T E M PERATURE
•K
SPECIFIC
Of
Of
2OO
HEAT
GAS EOUS NEON
On 2 at mosphere
25O

:
SOurce
of Data:
HEAT OF WAPORIZATION OF NEON
R. D. McCarty and R. B. Stewart, "Thermodynamic
Properties of Neon from 25 to 300°K Between
0. l and 200 Atmospheres", Cryogenics Division
National Bureau of Standards

Temperature
°K joules/ g
25 88 . 67
26 87. 52
27 86. 23
28 84.80
29 83. 23
30 8l. 51
31 79.62
32 77.55
33 75 - 31
34 72.86
35 70 - 20
36 67.3 l
37 64. lº
38 60 . 69
39 56.90
40 - 52. 69
4l - 47.91
42 42.23
43 34.8l
44 22. 12
44.4 O
W–E–1
i
25
HEAT of VAPORIZATION
Of NEON
3O 35 4 O
TEMPERATURE 2K
45
50

NEON
Properties of Saturated Liquid and Vapor"

Temp Pressure Volume (cm/g) Enthalpy (J/g) Entropy (j/g “K) Temp Pressure | Volume (cm”/g) Enthalpy (J/g) Entropy (j/g °K.)
K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid || Vapor Liquid Vapor
2|, .5ll,” . l.273 | .8016 227.9 .03 89.20 O 3.633 35 6.377 .9590 17.87 22.7l, 92.9l, .7l,8 2.75l,
25 . 5037 .8063 196.0 .90 89.57 .035 3.582 36 7.627 .9823 ll. 81, 25.19 92.50 .8ll, 2.683
26 . 7090 | .8172 ll;3.5 2.83 90.35 ..ll.0 3. l. T6 37 9. Oll, l.009 l2.38 27.7O 91.85 .878 2.612
27 b .9726 .8289 lo'7. l; l; .83 91.06 . 18, 3.378 38 lo.6l. l.038 lo. 36 30.28 90.97 .9l 3 2.5l.O
27.092 l. OOO .83OO lol. 7 5.02 9l. l.2 ..l.9l 3.369 39 l2.h3 l.073 8.676 || 32.93 89.83 l.OO7 2. l;66
28 l. 30l. .8hll, 82. OO 6.89 91.69 .258 3.287 l;0 ll.l. 3 l.ll3 7.27O || 35.69 88.38 l. O71 2.388
29 l. Til2 .85l,7 63.69 9. OO 92.23 .331 3.201 lil l6.66 l.l6l. 6. OT3 38.67 86.58 l. lg8 2. 307
3O 2. 209 .8690 50. 19 |ll. 16 92.67 .l,03 3. l.20 l;2 l9. l3 l. 229 5. Ol;6 l;2. O5 8l. 28 l.212 2.218
3l 2.803 .8812 l, O.O7 || 13.38 93.00 . l; 7l, 3.01.2 l, 3 21.87 l. 327 l; .108 || ||6.32 8l. 13 l. 30l. 2. lll:
32 3. 506 .9007 32.3L | 15.65 93.20 .5ll, 2.968 lil; 2.89 l. 536 3. lo2 || 53.39 75.5l l. l;57 l.960
33 l; .329 .9l8l. 26.3|| || 17.96 93.27 .6l3 2.895 lil; ..l.” 26.19 2. O70 2. O7O
31, 5.282 .9377 21.62 | 20.33 93.19 .681 2.82,
* From Published, data, Advances in Thermophysical Properties at Extreme Temperatures and Pressures, American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
New York (1965) pp 81-97.
* Triple point.
Normal boiling point.
Critical point.
Properties of Liquid and Vapor"

Temp = O. l atm P = 1 atºm P = 2 atm P = 5 a.fm’ P = ln atm
°K (Sat temp = 27.09°K) (Sat temp = 29.60°K) (Sat, temp = 33.72°K) (Sat temp = 37.61°K)
T v h B V h s V h S v h S v h S
cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K emº/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K
(Sat Liq) .8300 5.0 .191 .8632 LO .3 .375 .932]. l9.7 .662 l.O26 29.3 .9l8
(Sat Vapor lol, .7 9.l.l 3.369 55.09 92.5 3. l;2 22.84 93.2 2.8ll, ll. O9 91.3 2.568
25 1Oll 90.1 l; .259 .8061 .9 .03! .8056 l. O -1933– .8Ol;2 l.l . O30 .8Ol.9 l. H .025
30 1216 95.2 | H. l. l;" | ll'7.3 9l; .2 3. HT3 56.05 93.0 3.167 .8669 ll .3 . 399 .8633 I ll.5 .39].
l,O 1621, los. 6 l; .7ll, 159.6 lCl.9 3.781, 78.27 10l.O 3. l;86 29.31, lol. 3 3.061, l2.77 95.7 2.68l.
50 2O3]. ll 5.9 l; .97 l; 201. 3 llS. l; li. Olg 99.6l ll. 8 3.725 38.6l ll2.9 3.321, l8.26 109.7 2.991,
60 2l;39 126.2 5. 162 2h 2.6 l25.8 l; .209 120.6 l25.3 3.918 l;7.39 l21.0 3.525 23. Ol 121.7 3.213
8O 3253 ll;6.8 5. l. 59 || 32|, .. 7 ll;6.6 l; .508 l62.0 ll;6.3 l; .219 6l. 39 ll. 5. l. 3. 831, 31.88 llil.0 3.535
90 3660 157. l. 5. 580 365.6 156.9 l, .630 l82.5 lj6.7 l; .31.2 72.75 156.0 3.958 36.17 15l.9 3.663
lCO l,067 l67. l; 5.689 || HO6. l. l67. 3 l; .739 203. l l67.l H. H.5l 81.06 l66.5 l, . O69 l, O. lil 165.6 3.776
llO lil, T 3 177.7 5.787 ll:7.2 177.6 li. 837 223.5 l77. l. l; .550 89.33 177.0 li. 169 lil, .6l lT6.2 3.877
l2O l,880 l88. O 5.876 || ||88. O l87. 9 l.927 2. li. O l87.8 l; .6l;0 97.58 l87. l; l; .260 l,8.79 186.8 3.969
ll.0 569, 2O8.6 6. O35 | 569.5 2O8.6 5.086 281.8 208.5 || |, .800 ll.0 208.2 li. H2O 55.09 207.8 H. l?l
l60 6507 229. 2 6.173 || 65|l.O 229. 2 5.22h 325.6 229. l l; .938 130. l; 229.0 l, .558 65.35 228.7 ! .270
l8O T32]. 2k9.9 6.291, 732. l; 21,9.8 5.31, 5 366. , 21,9.8 5.059 ll, 6.8 21,9.7 l; .680 73.58 Øl;9.5 l, .393
2OO 813 l; 270.5 6.l.02 || 813.8 270. l; 5. 1,51, l,07. l 27O. l; 5.168 l63.l 270.3 l, .789 8l. 79 : "YO.2 h. 502
22O 89, 3 291. 1 6.5Ol | 895.3 291.0 5. 552 l, l, T.8 291. O 5.266 179.5 29.l.. O l, .888 89.98 291.0 l, .60l
2l O 97.0l 3.11.7 6.590 976. T 3ll. 7 5.6l. 2 l,88.6 3 ll. T 5.356 l25.8 3ll. 7 l, .978 98.15 3.11.7 | .691
260 loş75 332.3 6.673 |1058 332.3 5. 721, 529.3 332.3 5.h38 || 212. l 332.3 5. O60 106.3 33%'. l; i. ſ.ſ.l.,
28O ll 388 352.9 6.7 lig |ll39 352.9 5.8OO 570.O 352.9 5.515 228. H. 353.0 5.137 lll .. 5 373. O h .850
3OO l22Ol 373.5 6.82O | 1221 373.5 5.87l 610. 7 373.5 5.586 ſºll, .7 373.6 5.208 22.7 373.7 'i. 922
Temp P = 20 atm P = l;0 atm P = 60 atm P = 80 atm = 100 atm
°K (Sat temp = u2.33°K)
(Sat Liq) l.25 7 || || 3.3 1.2110
(Sat Vapor) l, . 732 83. l; 2. l86
25 .7975 2. O . Oll,
30 .8568 ll.9 . 377 .8l 50 l2.9 . 350 .83/18 l3.8 . 325 .8258 ll; .8 . 302 8.177 lº.8 . 280
liO l.089 35.2 1. Ol;2. l. O32 3, . H. .97O .9966 31, l; .9l8 .97)5 3]; .7 .875 .9l89 35.2 .839
50 8.060 | 102.5 2.607 2.602 79.8 l.959 l. 50l. 63.0 l. 5,8 l.238 58.3 l. 39ö l. 19, 56.5 |l.3Ll
60 lo.87 ll?.O || 2.873 l; .856 lO7. l; 2. l;70 2.872 96.6 2. ló5 2.057 88.0 l.940 l.697 82.8 |l. 791
8O 15.66 lil. H 3.22h 7.623 l36.l. 2.89.l l; .987 l3l.9 2.679 3.693 l27.6 2.518 2.915 l23.7 2.3%
90 17.9l l;2.7 3.358 8.833 ll,8.8 3.037 5.847 1H 5.3 2.837 l, .375 l!2.l 2.639 3.509 139.2 |2.568
lOO 20. ll l63.8 3. l. Tº 9.997 l60.7 3.162 6.660 lj7.9 2.970 5. Olo l35.3 2.828 l, .033 153.l 2.715
l].O 22.27 l?lk.8 3.579 ll. 13 lT2.2 3.271 7. Lill, 169.9 3.081, 5.616 167.8 2.947 l, .530 166.l 2.838
l2O 21, , lil 185. 6 3.673 12.21, l83. l; 3.369 8,208 181.5 3.186 6.2Ol, 179.9 3.052 5. Olc lT 3.l, 2.91.6
ll;0 28.6l. 206.9 3.838 ll. l;2 2O5.5 3.539 9.696 2Ol; .2 3.360 7.3/12 2O3. l 3.23.l 5.936 2O2.l 3. l 29
l60 32.82 228.l 3.979 16.56 Ø27. l. 3.68, ll. 15 226.3 3.508 8. I, 50 ^25.6 3. 381 6.832 323.0 |3. 281
l8O 36.98 || 2H9.l li.lo3 || 18.68 2,8.5 3.800 12.58 Øl,8. O 3.636 9.537 2,7.6 3.5ll 7.7ll l; 7.3 3.}l3
2OO lil. 12 || 270.0 || || .213 | 20.78 269.7 3. 922 ll.00 269.5 3. 7, 9 l(). 61 *99. 3 3.625 8.577 60.2 3.528
22O l;5. 21. 290.9 l, .313 22.86 290.8 l, .022 15. HO 290.8 3.850 ll. 6” 29O. 8 3.727 9. 1, 31. 290.9 3.631
21:0 l; 9. 35 311. 7 li. HO3 2l; .9l; 3ll.8 H. lll: 16.80 3ll.9 3.943 2.73 312. l 3.82O 10. 28. 312. 3 3. T 25
26O 53. l;6 332.5 l, . , 86 27. Ol 332.7 li.l.97 l8.19 333.0 l, .027 l3. T8 333.3 3.905 ll. l 3 333.7 3.81C
28O 57.56 353.2 l, .563 29.08 353. 6 l; .275 19.58 35l... O H.loš ll. 82 35l. 5 3.983 ll.97 35l. 9 || 3.889
3OO 6l. 65 37l.O l, .635 3l.ll. 371,. 5 l; .317 20.96 375. O H.l77 15.87 375.5 l, . O56 l2.8l 376. 1 || 3.962
* From published data, Advances in Thermophysical Properties at Extreme Temperatures and Pressures, American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
New York (1965) pp 81-97. -
Bold horizontal line indicates phase change (liquid above, vapor below the line).
Conversions for Units, to Equivalent in British System of Units:
To convert temperature in degrees Kelvin (“K) to degress Rankine (“R), multiply (“K) by l.8
To convert pressure in atmospheres (atm) to (psia), multiply (atm) by ll. 696
To convert volume (v) in cubic centimeters per gram (cm”/g) to (cu ft/lb), multiply (cm/g) by .016018
To convert enthalpy (h) in joules per gram (J/g) to (Btu/lb), multiply (J/g) by . l.2993
To convert entropy (s) in joules per gram “K (j/g°K) to (Btu/lb “R), multiply (j/g°K) by .23885
[B-62362
W–F–1
3OO
29O
28O
27O
26O
25O
24O
23O
22O
2 O
2OO
×
• | 9 O
| 8 O
| 70
i
| 6 O
| 50
| 4 O
| 3O
| |O
| OO
90
TURE –ENTROPY
FOR NEON
PRESSURE , (P) O ! m.
DENSITY, (p) g/cm3
ENTHALPY, (H) Joules /g
Notional Bur edu of Sfondor ds
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
Boulder, Colorado
2.O
3.O
4.O
ENT ROPY, Joules/g ° K
H #230 Joules /g
22O
5.O 6,O 7.O
H.printed frºg, "Therºdynamic Propertiea or Neod from 25 ° tº: 3.x *k between 0.1 and 200
at tº aphores, by R. L. McCarty and 3. B. Stewart. Paper premented at the Third Symposium
or. There.physical Prºperti ee, Purdue University, March 32-2t, 1965, Lafayette, Indiana.
Published in Aazaaces ºn Thºreºphysical fºrgºerties at Extreme Tetºperatures, Serge Gratch,
editor; put: 1shed by Azer: can S3:1°ty of Mechanical Engineers, New York, N. Y. 1965).




W–F–2
TEMPERATURE-ENTROPY
CHART FOR NEON
PRESSURE , (P) O 1 m.
DENSITY, (p) g/cm3
ENTHALPY , (H) Joules /g
Notion q | Bur equ of St on dor ds
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
Boulder, Colorado
H = 65 Joules /g
H= 105 Joules /g
|O 2O 3O 4.O 50 5.6
ENT ROPY, Joules/g ° K
, Serge Gråtº h,
k, R. Y. #.
USCCºd - MBS-BL


W–F–3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: Lochtermann, E., "Thermal Conductivity
of Liquid Neon", Cryogenics 3, 44–45
(1963)
Temperature K
°K 107° W/cm *k
25 l. 17
26 1.15
27 l. 13
27. 5 l. 125
28 l. 13
28 - 5 l, ll
29 l. 07
30 0.91

Table constructed from data taken
from smoothed curve in source.
W–G–1.1
|.2O
|..] 5
|, |O
|.O5
i.OO
O.95
O.90
25
26
HERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of LIQUID NEON
27 30 29
TEMPERATURE, *K

W–G–1. 2
(at One Atmosphere)
urces of Data 3
Amdur, I., J. Chem. Phys. 16, 190-l. (1918) -
Kannuluik, W. G. and Carman, E. H., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65B,
701-9 (1952)
Srivastava, B. M. and Saxena, S. C., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) TOB
369-78 (1957)
Thomas, L. B. and Golike, R. C., J. Chem. Phys. 22, 300-5 (195k)
Weber, S., Ann. Physik. 5k, 325, 137, h91 (1917)
Weber, S., Proc. Roy. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 21, 342 (1919(
Weber, S., Verslag Akad. Wetenschappen Amsterdam 26, 1338-53 (1918)
mments :
Conversions from 0°C to “K in the table below are based on a value of
the ice point of 273.09°K used by the Leiden Laboratory in 1917 and 1918.
The disagreement with the currently accepted value, 273.15°K is of no
consequence because of the small temperature dependence of thermal
conductivity and the relative uncertainty of the conductivity measurements.
Taken from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
* Presented as KT/Ko where Ko = ll. Oli cal/cm-sec -*K at 0°C
Temperature Thermal Cond. Temperature Thermal Cond.
°C °K cal/cm-sec -*K °K cal/cm-sec -“K
-213.09 6O +3.79 x 10-5 173.09 | * 8.13 x 10-5
–2O3.09 70 %l. 17 ! { 18O + 7.32 1ſ
-l93.09 8O %l. 53 ! ? 194.59 8.76 !
-lö3 .09 90 %| ,86 | | 1911.59 + 8.85 | 1
-lô3.09 90 H.93 H! 198.72 8.79 | |
-182.97 90 - 12 l; .89 | 1 2OO 8.82 ! {
-l92.97 90. 12 %5.OO ! I 2OO 7.78 | |
–28l. 13 91.66 H.99 | ? 223.09 | * 9.67 ! !
-181. H. 91.69 *l.99 ! I 273.09 | *ll.Ol; | |
-173.09 l_OO %5.19 ti 273.09 10.87 * !
-l93.09 l2O %5.78 1 : 273.09 ll. 10 ! !
-150 l23.09 6.31 ! { 273.09 : *ll. 13 ! }
-l93.09 ll. O *6.33 ! ! | 3O8.7 Fºll.99 ! {
—ll3.09 160 +6.8l. 11 310 #12. Oló | 1
* Calculated Values #: Interpolated Values * + .20%






W–G–2. 1
O.50
|
i
O.45
O4 O
O.35
O.30
O.25
O.2O
O. : 5
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of GASEOUS NEON
of one of mosphere
| OO | 50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

W–G–2. 2
HERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of GASEOUS NEON
(at 271.79°K and 373.09°K)
Sources of Data ;
Kannuluik, W. G. and Carman, E. H., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 65B,
701-9 (1952)
Kannuluik, W. G. and Martin, L. H., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Allº!,
l;96-513 (1934) cº-º-º:
Weber, S., Ann. Physik. 82, h79-503 (1927)
Comments:
Values of the thermal conductivity at 273.09°K and l atmosphere are
10.9l x 10-2 g-cal/cm Bec “K [Bannawitz, E., Ann. Physik. H8, 577-92
(1915)], 10.92 x 10-2 g-cal/cm sec “K [Curie, M. and Lepape, M.,
Compt. rend. 193, 842-3 (1931) 1, 11.10 x 1072 g-cal/cm, sec “K
[Kannuluik, W. G. and Cºgn; E. G., Proc. Phys. Boc. (London) 65B,
701-9 (1952)], ll.12 x 1072 g-cal/cm sec “K [Kannuluik, W. G. and T
Martin, L. H., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Allili, h96-513 (1934) 1, and
10.87 x 10” g-cal/cm sec “K [Weber, S., Verslag Akad. Wetenschappen
Amsterdam 26, 1338-53 (1918)].
A value of 11.0 x 10° g-cal/cm sec “K given by Weber is considered
to be the best value at 273.09°K and l atmosphere.
Table of Selected Walues
T = 27/1.79°K T = 373.09°K+
Press. Thermal Cond, Press. Thermal Cond.
cm/Hg cal/cm-sec-°K cm/Hg cal/cm-sec-‘K
67.0 ll. 28 x 10-5 75.07 l3.58 x 10-5
67.0 ll. 28 !! 66.13 l3.59 ſt
55.6 ll. 29 ſt 57, l;2 l3.59 !!
12. It ll. 29 " 50.15 l3.57 "
30.6 ll. 30 71 ll.89 13.17 ºt
19.l. ll. 30 1t 33.82 13.56 77
19. H. **ll. 31 f 25.56 13.58 11
17.10 l3.60 77
* mean gas temperature = 371.l.9°K
** mean gas temperature = 27/1.19%K
Taken from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56

W–G–2.3
Source
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT LIQUID NEON
of Data: Bewilogua, I., et al., "Measurements on
Liquid Neon", Cryogenics, Vol. 6,
(1966)
—tº rising O T fal
T (‘’K) € T (‘K) €
26. 50 l. 1897 28.87 l. 1828
26 - 75 l. 1889 28. 61 l. 1836
27.00 l. 1883 28 . 37 l. l843
27. 25 l. 1876 28. 10 l. 1850
27. 50 l. 1868 27 - 86 l. 1858
27. 75 l. 1861 27. 62 l. 1865
28 . OO l, l854 27 - 38 l. 1872
28 - 25 l. 1846 27. ll l. l880
28 - 5 O l. 1839 26.86 l. 1887
28. 75 l. 183 l 26.62 l. 1893
29.00 l. 1824 26 - 38 l. 1900
26. ll l. 1907
21–24

W–H-1. 1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID NEON
|
1-195
1.190
1.185
o Run 1 O
e Run 2 Q
O O
e Run 3
e Run 5
O
e Run 6
- O
1-18O
25 26 27 28 29
T (°K)
Dielectric constant of liquid neon (24.5–29.8° K)
|
1180
117O N
toll—A
1.15O
* 1140
1.130 He
o Run 2
• Run 4
e Run 5 º
1.12O
3O 35 4 O 45°
T (°K)
Dielectric constant of liquid neon
(29.8–44.2° K)

V—H-1. 2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS NEON
Sources of Data:
Bryan, A. B. (1929), The Dielectric Constants of Argon and Neon. , Phys. Rev. 3, 615-17;
C.A. 24, l259 (1930).
Watson, H. E., Rao, G. G., and Ramaswamy, K. L. (1931), The Dielectric Coefficients of
Gases. Part I. The Rare Gases and Hydrogen., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) l;2A, 569-85;
C.A. 25, 5320 (1931). tº º-
Cuthbertson, C., and Cuthbertson, M. (1932), The Refraction and Dispersion of Neon and
Helium., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) l;5A, 40; C.A. 26, 2093 (1932).
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1916), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases. ,
Phys. Rev. 69, lol-5; C.A. 10, 2366 (1946).
Jelatis, J. G. (1948), Measurements of Dielectric Constant and Dipole Moment of Gases
by the Beat-Frequency Method. , J. Appl. Phys. 19, 19-25; C.A. l.2, 6593 (1918).
Comments:
Using the heterodyne-beat method, Bryan found the value of the dielectric constant for
neon at one atmosphere and 0°C to be l.000ll;8 after calibrating his instrument with air
assuming its dielectric constant to be 1.000589. Using the same general method, Watson
et al. reported values of l.OOOl31, and 1.0001316 for O’C and l atmosphere, determined
from measurements at 25 and -l91°C respectively. They also report values for 25°C of
l.000l.229 determined from measurements at 25°C and l.000l.233 determined from measurements
at -191°C.
Cuthbertson and Cuthbertson report an index of refraction which through the Cauchy
relation is equivalent to a dielectric constant of l.000133 at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Hector and Woernley made a study of dielectric constants primarily to determine whether
there was a marked difference between values obtained by static techniques and by high
frequency techniques. They observed no such difference. Measurements of the dielectric
constant of neon yielded the value of l.00012.7l f 0.000005 at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Jelatis concluded that the wide discrepancies in the data of previous observers are due
in part, at least, to the neglect of certain stray components in the circuits involved.
He gives values of l.0001337 and l.000131 l resulting from six and five determinations
respectively at STP (Probably 0°C and l atmosphere).
Reprinted from NBS Report 8.252
W–H–2
SURFACE TENSION of SATURATED LIQUID NEON
Sources of Data:
Guggenheim, E. A. , J. Chem. Phys. 13, 253-6l (1915)
Wan Urk, A. T., Keesom, W. H. and Nijhoff, G. P. , Proc.
Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 35, 182-1 (1926)
Table of Selected Values

Temperature Surface Tension
°K (ſ), dyne/cm
2l, 5.90%
21.8 5.6l3:
25 5.50++
25.7 5.33%
26 5.15%
26.6 l.99%
27 lº.8O ++
27.l. lº.69%
28 lº. l. Bººk
28.3 lº. lºl, *
* Experimental values
** Smoothed values
Taken from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
W-I-1
62

Xa º 38 n.lv 83d W31
Uſ)
<!-
uſ)
uo / ou AP NOI SN3L 3 Ova 8 ns
Uſ)
Uſ)
92Z Z9292{>2
`NŲ
`№，
`Q.
（<ų
><!--
（S）|-
`NJ
NO E NqinonCJELLV/MITTILV/S J. O><
N O I S N E IL E O V-J !! 0 S
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
V-I-2
VISCOSITY OF LIQUID NEON
Source of Data: Forster, S., "Viscosity Measurements
in Liquid Neon, Argon, and Nitrogen",
Cryogenics, 3, 176-l'77, (1963)

Tempgrature Viscosity
K m (1073 poise)
25 - O 9 l. 60
27. 10 l. 24
27 . 7 O l. 21
28. lo l. 15
28.83 l. 08
3 l . 40 0.86
34.50 O . 67
38 . 90 O .50
44. 13 O . 27
W-J-1. 1
2.O
.O
O.5
2O
25
VISCOSITY of
LIQUID NEON
3O 35 40
TEMPERATURE, *K

W-J-l. 2
Source of Data:
WISCOSITY of GASEOUS NEON
(At one atmosphere pressure)
Edwards, R. S., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), All 9,
578-90 (1928); van Itterbeek, A. and van Paemel, 0.,
Physica, 7, 265–72 (1910); Johnston, H. L. and
Grilly, E. R., J. Phys. Chem. , hó, 9H8-63 (1912);
Rankine, A. O., Physik. Z., ll, Rºt-502 (1910);
Rietveld, A.O., and van Itterbeek, A., Physica, 22,
785-90 (1956); Saulgeot, A. M., Compt. rend. , 230,
922-3 (1950); Trautz, M. and Zink, R., Ann. Physik,
T, l;27-52 (1930).
Comments: Two equations which may be used to calculate the viscosity
of neon gas at one atmosphere are :
(l) }l gº [; jº
Plo Lºlo
where uo is measured at To and the temperature is between
-180 and 20 °C; and
(*) a 2 tº
2. O
l + -ā-
where the temperature is between 23° and 800 °C.
Table of Walues
Temp. Wiscosity Temp. Wiscosity Temp. Wiscosity
°K Centipoises °K Centipoises *K Centipoises
16.49 || 3.059 x 10-3 || 100.0 14.345 x 10-3 || 230.0 26.265 x 10−3
l?.76 || 3.218 $6 ll.0.0 15.h.25 " ; 21 O.O 27.080 º
19.0l 3.396 " 120.0 | 16.h60 " || 250.0 27.880 "
2O. l.2 || 3.593 " 130.0 17.450 " || 260.0 28.665 "
58.60 | 9.l.8 x lo-3 ll.0.0 | 18.405 x 10-3 || 270.0 | 29.435 x 10−3
61.25 || 10. l;3 $º 150.0 | 19.310 " ; 273.1 29.675 70
68.52 || 10.90 70 l60.0 20.255 " || 280.0 30.205 !!
72.ll ll.l.0 !! 170.0 21.155 " || 283.2 31.5 º
72.3 || 11.72 x 10−3 180.0 22.01.0 x 10-3 288.1 30.76 x 19-3
77.37 12.08 º 190.9 22.910 " ; 290.0 30.965 ºf
8O.O ll.980 " 193.1; ; 23.52 " ; 29.l.l. i. 31.29 ºt
83.h5 12.89 90 191.7 23.67 " ; 291.1 31.10 0.
90.0 13.200 x 10-3 || 200.0 23.755 x 10-3 # 292.6 31.32 x 10−3
90.08 || 13.lil, 90 210.0 21.600 . " ; 293.1 31.210 º
90.20 | 13.17 0? 220.0 25. l;35 " ; 296.1 31.h35 00
90.3 l3.52 00 229.0 26.7 " ; 298.1 31.580 "
- 300.0 31.725 !!
from WADD TECH . REPORT 60-56


V-J–2. 1

Xa º 3 un Lw&3d W31
O92OO2og iOO |OG
A^
Z
„^
LY
Lº，
Lº
！∞
►
ør
Þº
Lºr
_^
jaº
3 m n S S 9） d uu | D | 40
NO E N S T O B S \79
jaº“40 A 1 I S O OS I /\
||||||||||||||||||||-||-||-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
O9
OO |
O9 |
OO2
O9 2
OO 2
O99）
a slodo10]u' ' Al ISO OSIA
W-J-2. 2
VISCOSITY of GASEOtis NEON at LCºl ºf
(From 20° to 80°K)
Source of Data ; Coremans, J. M. J . , Van Itterbeek, A., Beenakker, J .
J. M., Knapp, H. F. P. and Zandbergen, P., Physica 2, 557 (1958).
other References: Van Itterbeek, A. and Van Paemei, O., Physica I, 265
TūšHö). (See data sheet 10.003, viscosity of Gaseous Neon at One
Atmosphere Pressure, 20" to 333"K.)
The viscosity of gaseous Neon measured at a constant pressure,
Çomments :
manner between 20° and 80°K
3 cm of Hg, varies in a nearly linear
according to the equation
* = 1.55 T + 2.k.
Below 20 "K the above equation is no longer valid. The reduced viscosity
of gaseous Neon derived from quantum mechanical consideration is valid
to a first approximation over a narrow temperature range and is
represented by plotting
?? & Tº: 7 * = reduced viscosity
VT; ‘V’s Tº = reduced temperature
At the pressure used, 3 cm Hg, the viscosity of gaseous Neon is
essentially constant for a given temperature. However, below a pressure
of 1.0 cm Hg, the viscosity of gaseous Meon varies markedly at a given
temperature .
.
The data plotted are the smoothed values from the table of selected
data and identified by an asterisk.
Table of Selectººd Vºities
Temp. Wiscosity Temp., Wiscosity
*k micropoise *K micropoise
20. OC) 33.0% 50.00 8.8%
20.43 33.6 522 il. 85.1;
2O. lº 33 a 9 59.98 96.1;
25.19 l;2.l. 60.00 96.6%
•31. l:3.0 60.T. 97.k.
29.8l. 50,3 61.6l. 98.9
30.00 50.0% 68.15 103.0
31.80 52.5 70.00 in O.8%
39.52 61.9 70.18 lili, 2
HO.CO 66.3% 71.2G 3.12.):
l,0.28 67.0 73.28 115.1
l;6.50 76.6 77.77 12.I. al.
lig.97 80.1; 80.00 3.2%.5%
* Smoothed Values
Taken from WADD TECH . REPORT 60-56



120
! OO
8O
i
i
60
4 O
2O
VISCOSITY of
GASEOUS NEON
at low pressure
4 O
TEMPERATURE , "K
6O
8O

W-J-2.4
WISCOSITY of GASEOUS NEON
(Below l atmosphere at 20.1:2°K and 90.08°K)
Source of Data:
Van Itterbeek, A. and Van Paemel, C., Physica, 7, 273-83
(1910).
Table of Selected Walues
T 3. 2O. l;2°K T m 90.08°K
Observed Corrected Observed Corrected
Wiscosity * Wiscosity
Pressure Pressure Centipoise Pressure Pressure Centipoise
mm Hg mm Hg U1p mm Hg mm Hg P
3OO.O 3.593 x 10-3 || 300.0 13.hk X lot?
3.71 3.593 10 37.8 13.b39' "
O.696 3.klil º 9.5l 13.l.o.6 "
O.217 0.216 3.339 Qº 2.186 13.031. "
O.O97O O.09kl; 3.165 º l.lk.9 12.677 "
O.Ok65 O.Olsha 2.8l;6 ſº O.600 12.095 "
O.02k6 O.O22O 2.lill (0. O.312 ll.05l. "
O.OllO7 || O.OO887 l,656 Jº O.1528 O.lºl3 9.389 "
O.OOl;98 || O.OO339 O.925 ſ O.0772 O.O75k 6.965 "
0.00218 0.00120 o.398 " O.O352 || O.O329 lº.k19 "
O.0222 O.O2OO 3.139 "
0.01083 || 0.00903 l.588 "
O.00521 || 0.00395 o.775 "

Reprinted from WADD
TECH. REPORT 60-56
W-J-2.5
| 4 O
| 2 O
| OO
VISC OS | TY Of
GAS E O U S N EON
below one atmosphere
8O
6 O
4O
2O
, OOl , OO4 , Ol , O4 O. I O.4 l, O 4 |O 4O
PRESSURE , mm of Hg
4OO

:
VELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS NEON
Source of Data:
Keesom, W. H. and Van Lammeren, J. A.; Physica l, llól (1931)
Other References:
Grennspan, M. J.; Acoust. Soc. Am. 28, 6ll (1956)
Keesom, W. H. and Van Itterbeek, A.; Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 33,
lilo (1930); Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 209a (1930)
Skudrzyk, E.; Acta Phys. Austriaca 2, ll:8 (1919)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Mariens, P.; Physica I, 125 (1910)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Thys, L.; Physica 5, 889 (1938)
Comments:
The values of the velocity of sound in gaseous neon are given here as
functions of pressure and temperature for temperatures from 26.25°K
to 273.1°K at various pressures between 0 and 0.9825 atmospheres. The
26.25°K isotherm on the plot of the velocity of sound versus pressure
has been terminated at the point of saturation. All the data tabulated
below are from Keesom and Van Lammeren listed above under "Sources of
Data".
The values of velocity of sound by Keesom and Van Lammeren are the
average values from measurements at several frequencies in the audible
sound range. The error caused by the resonator (heat conduction and
viscosity) in the experimental apparatus was corrected by means of the
Kirchhoff–Helmholtz formula as reported by Keesom and Van Itterbeek.
No estimate is made of the accuracy of the measurements or the purity
of the neon gas used.
The values of the velocity of sound at O pressure were calculated for
the ideal gas, i.e., c = NRTY where c is the velocity of sound, R is
the gas constant, T is the temperature and y is the specific heat ratio.
The 26.25°K isotherm has been terminated at the saturated vapor pressure.
The units of the velocity of sound in neon gas used in the tabulations
below and on the graphs are: temperature in degrees Kelvin (0°C =
273.16°K), pressure in atmospheres (g = 890.665) and the velocity of
sound in meters per second.
(Continued on following page)
W-K-1. 1
Comments:
WELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS NEON (Cont.)
(cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Neon
as a Function of Temperature

Kees Om and Wan Lammeren
Temp. Pressure
°K atm.
Velocity
m/sec
273.1
17O.O
90.21;
71.ll
62.5|
0.8626
0.9822
O.958].
O.8152
O.978].
l:33. H.
3.12.2
2119.3
225.7
2O7. l
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Neon
as a Function Of Pressure

Kees Om and Wan Lammeren
Pressure
atm.
Velocity
m/sec
Pressure
atm.
Velocity
m/sec
27.80°K
26.25°K
O. 9825
O.8053
0.602);
O. lºlly
l3+.9
l35.6
l36.3
l36.8
O. 676O
O. 5063
O. Hll3
O.2763
l3l.9
l32.6
l33.0
l33.5
O.2859
O. l376
l37.3
l38.l
Van Itterbeek and Thys made measurements of the velocity of sound in
neon gas using a sound wave with a frequency of 30l. H kilocycles per
Second; whereas Keesom and Van Lammeren had used audible sound. From
these measurements they calculated the value of the velocity of sound
at 0°C and l atmosphere pressure in neon gas as H31.9 m/sec, differing
slightly from the value of H33. H m/sec reported by Keesom and Van
Lammeren. Wan Itterbeek and Thys conclude that their own neon contained
a Small amount of hydrogen.
Van Itterbeek and Mariens made measurements on carbon dioxide to which
small amounts (0.28%) of neon had been added to study the effect of
this impurity.
Skudrzyk derived relations of absorption and velocity of sound and com-
pared them with the classical hypothesis of Stokes. The Specific be-
havior Of helium and neon was also explained.
Greenspan measured the speed and attenuation of sound at ll megacycles
in helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon at various pressures between
atmospheric and a few mm Hg, and compared the results with existing
theories.
Taken from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
V-K–1. 2
PRESSURE, psid
O 2 4 6 8 |O |2 |4
|38
452
VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N
GASEOUS NEON
5O
|37
T = 27.80° 4 48
|36 4 46
4 44
|35
4 42
4 4 O
4.38
T = 26, 25 °K
|33
436
434
nt *
| 32 so fur of ion
O O. O.2 O.3 O4 O.5 O6 O.7 O8 O9 |.. O
PRESSURE, atmospheres

V-K-1. 3
440
|500
|4 OO
42O r
VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N º
4OO
GASEOUS NEON |3OO
(near one atmosphere pressure)
38O
| 200
36O
-U
G.
8 340
§ | |OO
N
2
5 320
QU)
E
gº IOOO
C
2 3OO
I)
O
(ſ)
280 O
O 90
: 260
G
G 8OO
LLJ 240
>
22O
7OO
2OO
6OO
| BO
|6O
500
n b p = 27.24 °K
|4O
2O 60 |OO | 4 O |80 22O 26 O
TEMPERATURE, 9 K

V-K-1.4
VI. PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN
CONTENTS
Vapor Pressure
l. Vapor Pressure at Saturation
Specific Volume
l. Specific Volume at Saturation
Compressibility Factor
l. Compressibility for Nitrogen
Specific Heat
1. Liquid Nitrogen at Saturation (CO)
2. Gaseous Nitrogen (Cp)
Heat of Vaporization
l. Heat of Vaporization and Enthalpy of Nitrogen
Liquid and Vapor.
Enthalpy
1. Table of Nitrogen Properties
2. Temperature-Entropy Chart for Nitrogen
Thermal Conductivity
1. Liquid Nitrogen
2. Gaseous Nitrogen
Dielectric Constant
1. Liquid Nitrogen
2. Gaseous Nitrogen
Surface Tension
l. Liquid Nitrogen
Wisco sity
l. Liquid Nitrogen
2. Gaseous Nitrogen
Velocity of Sound
l. Liquid Nitrogen
2. Gaseous Nitrogen
WI–INDEX
Vapor Pressure of Saturated Nitrogen

Temperature Pre S.Sure Pressure
(K) (ATM) PSIA
63. 150 O. l.23 1.8O8
6l.000 O. lll: 2.116
65.OOO O. l'72 2.528
66.OOO O .2O3 2.983
67. OOO 0.2110 3.527
68. OOO 0.281 li.l30
69.000 0.328 l!.82O
7O.OOO 0.38O 5.585
71.OOO O. l;39 6.1153
72.OOO 0.505 7. l;22
73. OOO O. 579 8.509
7|, .OOO 0.66O 9.699
75.OOO O.75O ll. O22
76. OOO O.8l. 9 12. 1177
77.OOO O. 958 11. O79
77.361, l. OOO ll; .696
78.OOO l. O77 15.828
79. OOO 1.2O7 17.738
8O.OOO l. 3119 19.825
8l.OOO l. 503 22. O88
82.OOO 1.67O 24.5l;2
83.OOO l. 850 27.188
8l4.OOO 2. Ol;5 30.053
85.OOO 2.25|| 33. 125
86. OOO 2. l;8O 36. l. l;6
87.OOO 2.721 39.988
88. OOO 2.98O l;3.791;
89. OOO 3.256 117.85O
90. OOO 3.551 52.185
91. OOO 3.86|| 56.785
92. OOO l!. 198 6l. 69||
93. OOO l; .553 66.9ll
94.000 l; .929 72. 1:37
95. OOO 5.327 78.286
96.OOO 5.7l,8 8l. 1,73
97. OOO 6.192 90.998
98. OOO 6.662 97.905
99. OOO 7.156 105.165
lOO . OOO 7.676 ll2.806
lC)1 - OOO 8.223 l2O.8l45
1O2 . OOO 8.798 l29.295
103. OOO 9. HOl 138. 157
loll .000 10.032 ll;7. 1130
lC5. OOO 10.691, 159. 159
lO6.OOO ll. 387 167.3/13
107.OOO 12. lll 177.983
108.OOO 12.867 189. O93
109. OOO 13.657 2OO . TO3
ll O.OOO ll. 118O 212.798
lll .000 15. 339 225. 1,23
112. OOO 16.233 238.56O
ll3. OOO 17. 1614 252.212
llll .000 ###3 266. l;83
ll B.OOO l9. 1 28l. 281
lló.OOO 2O. 188 296.683
VI—A-l. 1
Cont.

Pressure
Pressure
Temperature .* . . .
; - (ATM) PSIA
117,000 21.276 312.672
118. OOO 22. l;O7 ###3 -
119.000 #:#; 3; 6
12O.OOO 21.800 36!. l;61
121.000 26.065 §§
122.000 §:#; 2.347
123.OOO 28.7ll l;22.378
121} .000 30.156 l!!!3.173
125.000 31.625 l;61.761
126.000 33.150 187.172
Reprinted from Table 2 NBS Tech. Note 129
WI—A-1.2
|OOO
9 OO
8OO
7OO
6OO
5OO
4 OO
2OO
|OO
90
8 O
7 O
6O
4 O
3O
2O
VAPOR PRESSURE Of
SATURATED NITROGEN
:
60 7O 80 90 łOO - O O
TEMPERATURE, "K

VI—A-1. 3
Specific Volume of Nitrogen
at Saturation

|
J E MP E R A ſ URE SPEC I F I C VOLUME
( K ) ( C C / GM )
L I QUID V A POR
63. 150 1 - 15 l 5 || || 486. 57
64 - 000 1 - 1560 | 1289. 79
65 - 000 1 - 1.5 l 5 || 1 0 9 Y. 25
06 • O 00 l. 1670 93 B e. 5 & 8
6 7. 000 l. 1 727 807. 19 &
68. 000 1 - 1784 697 - 6 1 3
69.000 1 < 1 8 & 3 60 5. 762
70. 000 l. 1903 528. 365
7 l. OOO 1 - 1965 & 62 - 8 l 9
72 - 000 l. 2028 & 0 7. O & 2
73 - 000 1 .. 209 l 359 - 360
74 - O OO 1 - 2 l 57 3 l 8. § 19
75. O 00 l. 2223 28 3. l l 7
76. 000 1 - 229 l 252. 555
77. 000 1 - 2360 225, 99%
77. 364 1 - 2386 2 l 7, 194
78. 000 l . 243 l 20 2. B 25
T 9 - OOO l. 2503 l 82 - 5 & 4
80.000 1 - 25 77 l 6 & . 729
8 l = 000 1 - 2652 1 & 9. 030
82. 000 1 - 2729 1 35. 153
83 - 000 1 - 28 O 7 l 22, 8 & 8
84 • 000 1 - 2887 l l l e 907
85 - 000 1 - 2970 102. 151
86 - 000 l. 3054 93. 4, 29
8 7. O00 1 - 3 l 40 85 - 6 1 l
8 8 - O OO 1 - 322 8 78 - 586
69. O00 l. 33 l 8 72. 258
90. O00 1 - 3 & 1 l 6 6 - 5 & 6
9 l = 000 l. 35 06 6 1 - 378
92. 000 1 - 360 & 56 - 6 93
93 - O OO 1 - 3705 52. 4 36
94 - 000 1 - 38 08 & 8 - 560
95 - 000 1 - 39 15 4, 5 - 0.26
96 - 000 1 - 4 024 4, 1 e 796
97.000 1 - & 1 38 38. 83.9
98.000 1 .. 4, 255 36 - 127
99. O C, O l - 4 376 33. 636
1 O C. 000 1 - 450 1 3 1 - 3 & 4,
1 0 1 - 000 1 - & 63 l 29. 23 1
l 02. 000 1 - & 765 27 - 28 l
1 () 3.000 1 - & 906 25. 4, 78
l 04 - 000 1 - 505 1 23 - 808
1.05 - 000 l. 5204 22, 259
l C 6 - 000 l - 53 63 20. 82 l
1 07 - 000 1 - 5529 1 9. & 82
108.000 1 - 570 & l 8. 235
109. O00 1 - 5.889 17, ſ) 7 l
1 1 0. 000 l - 608 3 1 5 - 98.3
l i i - 000 1 - 6 289 l 4, , 96%
l 12 - 000 \ , 6507 1 4 - 009
l 1 3.000 l. 674 l l 3. l l l
l 1 & 2 000 l, 699 l l 2 - 265
1 l 5 - 000 1. 7260 ll. 467
ll 6 - 000 1. 75 52 1 0. 7 l 2
1 l 7 - 000 1 .. 78 70 Q. 995
l 18. 000 1 .. 822 l 9 - 3 1 &
l l 9. OOO 1 - 06 l l 8. 662
12 Q. 000 1 - 90 & 9 8. O 36
12 l . O00 1 - 955 1 7. & 32
l 22.000 2.0 l 36 6.84 3
1 2 3 - 000 2 < 0 83.9 6 - 263
l 24, . 000 2. l 7 l 8 5 - 6 80
l 25. OOO 2 - 28 90 5. O 74
l 26 . 000 2. 4 5 & 5 * - 590
Reprinted from Table 2 NBS Tech Note 129
WI–B–1. 1
2.50
2.40
2.3O
2.2O
2.IO
2.OO
§
.9
O
.8
O
!.7O
1.60
|.5O
|.4O
|.2O
!... O
5O
70
SPECIFIC VOLUME Of
SATURATED LIQUID NITROGEN
8O 90
TEMPERATURE, *K
| |O

VI-B–1.2
|OOOO
$383
sooo
6OOO
5000
4OOO
3OOO
2OOO
|OOO
900
8OO
7OO
6OO
5OO
4 OO
3OO
;
2OO
|OO
90
8O
7O
6O
5O
4O
.
3O
2O
6O
8O
SPECIFIC VOLUME of
SATURATED VAPOR NITROGEN
9 O |
TEMPERATURE,
QO
ok
|||O
|2O

WI–B–1. 3
:
PRESSURE, psia
3OO
N
O.
8
O.
7
O.
6
O.5
O.4
ºl COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR
FOR NITRO GEN O.3
Z = PV / RT
Notiono || Buredu of S fond ords
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
Boulder, Colorado
O.2
O.
| 2 3 4. 6 8 |O 2O 3O 4O 6O 8O IOO 2OO 3OO 4OO
PRESSURE, atmospheres
N

Sources of Data :
SPECIFIC HEAT (Co.) of Liquid Nitrogen
(at saturation)
Clusius, K., Z. physik Chem. Abt. B3, 41-79
(1929); Giauque, W. R. and Clayton, J. O. ,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55, 1875-89 (1933);
Keesom, W. H. and Onnes, H. K. , Comm. Phys.
Lab. Univ. Leiden, Com. No. 149a (1916);
Wiebe, R. and Brevoort, M. J., J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 52, 622-33 (1930).
Comments: The above references are not in complete agreement
as can be seen by the table below. The graph on
the previous page is an average of all the tabu-
lated data.
Table of Selected Values
Temp. Co. Temp. Co.
°K cal/gm-mole -*K °K cal/gm-mole -*K
63.95 13.34 79.17 l3.76
65.02 l3.33 82.6l, 13.95
66.9 13.5l. 89.50 11.16
68.l. 13.6l. 95.39 ll.50
68.lil l3.115 95.l;6 11.7l
69.15 13.40 99.55 15.0l.
70.2 13.63 lC3.31 15.63
70.28 13.k.5 103.72 15.56
71.8 13.66 loſ.72 15.99
72.69 13.56 lO7.1,8 16.10
73.5 13.69 lll. 57 17.30
71.57 l3.59 ll2.97 17.60
75.l;6 13.7l; ll.9.25 18.27
76.58 l3.68 ll6.99 18.72
77.7l, 13.6l.

*Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VI-D-1. 1
2.8
:
:
26
2.
4
2.2
2.O
6 O
7 O
SPECIFIC
HEAT (co )
Of SATURATED
Ll QUID
X
Q
Uſ)
rf)
NITRO GEN
T R | PLE PO | NT
T E M P E RATURE 63. 14 °K
8 O
9C)
TEMPERATURE, *K
| OO
| | O

VI-D-1. 2

Specific Heat (Cp) of Gaseous Nitrogen
Source of Data:
Din, F.; Thermodynamic Functions of Gases, Vol. 3, London (1961)
Pre S.Sure
Specific Heat co foules/male ‘’K
Atm OOOTI 1300 | 1600 900 T 2200 [25OOTT2800 || 3OOo
l 29.58 29.27 | 29.07 || 29.98 || 28.95 || 28.95 || 28.96 || 28.98
3 30.62 29.95 || 29.5l 29.26 29.ll 29.07 || 29.05 || 29.06
5 31.9l 30.68| 29.98 || 29.54| 29.27 | 29.18 29.14) 29.14
lO 60.63 || 32.80 || 31.25 || 30.27 | 29.70 || 29.18 29.39| 29.35
3O 57.88 || ----- 38.28 || 33.56 || 31.66 || 30.8l 30.112 || 30.21
5O 55.92 || ----- 511.3 ||38. Ol 33.87 || 32.39 || 31.5l. 31.12
lOO 53.37 60.9 83 19.50 | 39.60 || 36.35 | 34.112 || 33.115
2OO 50.111 || 53.7 | 63.1 || 50.15 || 13.89 || 1:0.21 || 37.62 || 36.25
3OO 19.ll 50.97| 54.3 | 18.55 lili.25 |||1.31 |38.94 37.6l
l;OO 118.29 || 19.19 || 19.52 || ||7.13 || 13.97 || ||l. 17 | 39.09 || 37.95
6OO 117.28 17.13| l;6.111 || ||l.96 || ||2.79 || 10.55 | 38.86 37.96
8OO l;6.79 || ||6.28 l;5.21 | 1.3.63 || ||1.81 || ||O.O6 || 38.6O || 37.82
OOO 16.62 | 115.81, l!!!.53 || ||2.9l | 1.1.18 || 39.65 | 38.37 || 37.68
500 116.16 || 15.59 l!!!.10 || 1:2.17 | 10.32 || 38.83 || 37.80 || 37.28
OOO l;6.7l l;5.72 l!!!.09 || ||2.12 || ||O.27 | 38.75 || 37.66 || 37.10
5OO 15.91 || ||l.27 | 12.31 | 10.10 |38.86 || 37.71, 37.18
OOO 116.12 | 1.4.9l | 12.61 | |0.69 || 39.15 || 38.01 || 37.44
VI-D-2. 1
25
3O
SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp)
Of
GASEOUS NITROGEN
35 4O 45 55 6O 65
SPECIFIC HEAT Cp, joules/mole (°K)

VI-D-2.2
Source of Data:
Nitrogen Heat of Vaporization
Table 2 NBS Technical Report l29

E N T HALP Y
T EMPERATURE
( K ) | ( J M G M )
L I QUI U | WAPOR Ahvap
63. 1 50 • 000 || 2 l 6 - 06 l ; 21 6 - 06 l
64 - 000 l. 74 4 || 2 || 6 - 88 5 || 2 15 . 1 & 1
65 • 000 3. 802 || 2 1 7 - 8 & 6 || 2 || 4 - 0 & 5
6 6. 000 5. 8 & 4 || 2 | 8 - 79 7 || 2 | 2.933
6 7. 000 7. 93 l 21 9. 137 || 2 l l . 607
68 - 000 l 0. 000 || 22 0. 6 6 6 || 2 l 0. 666
69. O00 12. 072 22 l .. 582 | 209. 51 l
70. 000 14. 144 222.486 || 2:08. 34 1
7 l. 000 l 6 - 2 l 8 || 2:23. 375 || 2:07. 157
72 - 000 l 8 - 29 l 22 & . 24, 9 || 2:05 - 9 59
73 - O OO 20. 36 4 || 2 25. 109 || 204 • 7 & 5
74 - 000 22. 4 35 | 225 - 9 5 1 || 2:03. 5 l 6
75 - 000 24. 506 || 2:26 - 777 | 202 - 27 l
7 6. 000 26 - 576 227. 58.5 20 1 - OO 9
77 - 000 28 - 6 4 & 228. 37 & | 1 99 • 73 0
77. 364, 29 - 397 228. 657 || 1 99. 260
78. OOO 3.0. 7 12 || 229 - 1 & 4, l l 98. 4 32
79. O00 32. 779 229 - 89.3 || 1 97 e l l 5.
80.000 34 - 845 230. 62 l l l 95. 776
8 l = 000 36.9 12 231. 328 194.4 lb
82, 000 38 - 980 | 333.31. 1 93 ... O 31
83. 000 & 1 - 05 0 || 23.2. 671 19 l . 62 l
84 - 000 & 3. l 22 || 233 - 307 || || 9 O. l 84
85. 000 & 5. 98 || 233. 9 l 7 || 1 88. 718
86. 000 & 7, 279 || 234 - 500 || || 87 - 22 1
87. 000 49. 36 6 235, 057 | 1.85 - 690
88, 000 5 1 - 4 6 l 235. 585 | | 84 - 124
89.000 53 - 56 4 || 236 - 08.4 l 82 - 520
90. 000 55. 677 || 236. 553 || 1 80, 8 7 6
9 1 - 000 57. 802 || 23 6.. 99 l l l 79, 189
92.000 59 - 9 & O 23 7. 396 || 1 77 - 4, 56
93,000 62. 0.92 || 23 7. 76 7 || 1 75. 6.75
9 & . 000 64 - 26 l 238, l 04 || 1 73. R. 4 3
95. OOO 66 - 4 & 9 || 238. 405 || || 7 l. 95.7
96. 000 68. 656 || 23 8. 669 || 1 70 - 0 1 3
97.000 70 - 88 4 || 23 8 - 89.3 || 1 68 - O O 9
98. 000 73. l 35 || 239 - O 77 || 1 65 - 9 & 2
99 • OOO . 75 - 4, l l 239 - 2 l 9 || || 6 3 - 808
1 O C. 000 77. 7 l 4 || 23 9.3 l 6 || 1 6 1 - 603
1 0 1 - 000 80. 04 4 || 2:39, 368 || 1 59. 324
102. 000 82. 4 05 || 239 - 372 || 15 6.. 96.7
1 () 3. 000 84 - 797 239 - 3.25 || 1 54 - 528
l 04 - 000 87. 223 239 - 226 | 1.52. 003
105.000 89. 684 || 239. O 70 || 1 & 9 - 386
l 06 • O 00 92 - 157 238 - 855 || 1 & 6 - 698
107.000 9 & . 66 O || 23 8 - 578 1 & 3. 9 l 8
l 08 . 000 97 - 1 95 || 23 8 - 234 || 1 & 1 - O 39
1 09. OOO 99 - 7 6 6 || 237 - 8 l 9 || 1 38 - 053
1 1 0.000 1 ()2. 3 75 || 23 7. 327 | 1 34 - 95.3
1 l l . 000 1 O5. O25 || 236 - 753 l 3 1. 728
l 1 2.000 l 07 - 727 236 - 0 90 l 28, 3.63
l 1 3.000 l l O. 4 70 235. 328 124 - 858
l l 4 - 000 ll 3. 28 l 234.459 || 1 2 l. l 78
ll 5 - 000 ll 6 - 153 233. 4, 7 l l l l 7. 3 l 8
1 l 6 - 000 1 lº - 0.96 || 23 2. 3 & 8 || 1 || 3.252
l 17, 000 l 22 = 1 O & 23 l e O 74 || 1 08. 96.9
l l 8. 000 1 2 5. l 99 || 229. 624 || || 0 & . 4.25
l 19, OOO l 28, 4.0 l 22.7. 970 99. 569
120. 000 l 3 l - 733 226 - 073 94%. 3 & O
l 2 l , 000 1 35. 33 0 || 2.23 - 8 77 88 . 5 & 7
l 22.000 1 39. 3.8% 22 l'. 303 8 l = 9 l 8
1 2 3 - 000 1 4 3. 8 & 6 || 2 | 8. 228 74. 38.2
1 24 - 000 1 4 8. 834 || 2 || 4 - 4 & 3 65. 609
1.25 - O 00 1 54 - 64, 6 || 2:09. 527 54 , 88 1
l 26.000 1 6 1 - 990 | 202. 287 & 0 , 296
WI-E-1. 1
22O
i
2|O
2OO
| 60
|
8O
6O
SO
7O
8O
NITROGEN HEAT
of VAPORIZATION
9 O |OO |||O
TEMPERATURE, "K
|20
|3O

WI–E–1.2
NITROGEN
Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor"

Temp Pressure Volume (cm”/g) Enthalpy (J/g) Entropy (j/g “K) Temp Pressure Volume (cm/g) Enthalpy (J/g) Entropy (j/g °K)
°K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat °K atm Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat
Liquid || Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Wapor Liquid | Vapor Liquid || Vapor Liquid Vapor
63.15° ..l23 l. 152 l,87 0.0 216. l .OOO 3. l;2l lOO 7.676 l. 450 3l. 31. 77.7 239. 3 .959 2.57l
65 ..l72 l. 162 log" 3.8 217.8 ,059 3.352 105 10.69 l. 520 22.26 89.7 239. l l.06'ſ 2. h90
70 .380 l l.l.90 528. A ll.l 222.5 .212 3.189 ll.0 ll. |8 l.608 lj.98 lC2. l. 237. 3 l. 180 2. l.07
75 . 750 l. 222 283.l 2|, .5 226.8 . 355 3.052 ll 5 l9.ll. l. 726 ll. L7 ll6.2 233.5 l. 295 2. 315
8O l. 349 l. 258 l64.7 31.8 230.6 . 1,87 2.93|| l2O 21.80 l.905 8.036 ljl. 7 226.l l. Hlºy 2.206
85 2.25l. l.297 102.2 h5.2 233.9 .6ll 2.831 125 2 31.63 2.289 5.07|| || 151.6 209.5 l. 595 2.031
90 3.55l l. 3'il 66.55 55. 236.6 . 729 2.739 126.2 33.5 3.215 3.215
95 5. 327 l. 392 l,5.03 66. I 238. l. .813 2.653
l Triple point, Critical point, From published data, National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note lºg (Jan. 1962)
Properties of Liquid and Vapor"
Temp P = O. l atm = l atm = l; atm P = 7 atm P = lo atm
°K (Sat temp = 77.3 °K) (Sat temp = 91. Al’K) (Sat temp = 98.69°K) (Set temp = 103.95°K)
T V h S V h S V h G V h S V h 3
cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g j/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm”/g J/g j/g°K cm"/g j/g j/g’K
(Sat Liq) l. 239 29. l. . Al3 l. 355 58.7 .76l l. 4.3% 71.7 .926 l. 504 87.1 l. Oli 3
(Sat Vapor) 217.2 228.7 2.991, 59.39 237.2 2.7ll, 31.39 239.2 2. 592 23.89 239.2 2.507
70 20:10 223. 3 3.592 l.l.90 14, 1 .212 l.lê9 ll. I, .210 l.lö9 ll. 7 .208 l. 188 ll.9 .206
8O 2335 233.7 3.731 225.5 231.5 3.030 l. 257 35.0 . .35 l. 255 35.2 . H83 l.254 35. l. . H8l
90 2629 2ll.l 3.85 l 256.5 212.3 3.157 l. 341 55.7 . T29 l. 339 55.8 , 726 l. 337 56.0 . 723
lOO 292 3 25h.5 3.963 || 287.O 253.0 | 3.270 67.02 || 2,7.5 2.822 35. 16 2ll.O 2.610 l, Hä7 TT. T. ,952
llO 32].'ſ 261.9 H.063 || 317.3 263.6 || 3.37l 75.18 || 259.0 2.932 l;0. 72 254.0 2.73, 26.6l 21,8.2 2.591
l2O 35ll 275.3 l; ..lº 3 3H7. H 27 l. 2 3. lić3 83.66 270.3 3.030 h5.87 266.2 2.8HO 30.66 26l. 7 2.708
l30 3804 285.7 l; .236 377.3 28, .8 3.5h8 91.65 28l. 1, 3. ll.9 50.77 277.9 2.93|| 34.37 27 l. 2 2.809
l'HO 4098 296.l H. 313 l;07. l 295.3 3.626 99.50 292. l; 3.200 55.52 289. l. 3. Ol.9 37.90 286.2 2.898
lj0 #391 306.5 l, .385 l,36.8 305.8 3.698 l()7.3 303.2 3.275 60.16 300.6 3.097 lil. 30 297.9 2.978
l60 l,681, 316.9 lſ. HS2 l;66. H 3.16.2 3.766 ll.9 3ll.0 3.3b li 64. 72 3ll. 7 3.168 l, i.62 309.3 3.052
lTO 1977 327.3 l, .5l.9 l;96.0 326.7 3.829 l22.6 321.7 3. HO9 69.2l 322.6 3.235 47.87 320.6 3. l.20
180 527l 337.7 h. 571, 525.6 337. l 3.889 l30.2 335.3 3. l;70 73.66 333.5 3.297 5l.06 33l. 7 3. l8l.
lSO 5561, 31.8.l l; .63l 555. l 3||7.6 3.915 l37.7 316.0 3.528 78.07 34H. 3 3. 355 51, .22 342.7 3.243
2OO 5857 358.5 l; .68l. 58), .6 358. U 3.999 ll.9.2 356.5 3.582 82. H5 355. l 3. lilo 57.35 353.6 3.299
220 6l H3 379.2 l. T83 6||3.5 378.9 l, .098 l60.2 377.7 3.683 9l.ll. 376. l; 3.5l2 63.53 375.2 3. l;02
21.0 7029 l,00.0 l, .873 702.3 399. ( H. l89 l'75. l 398.7 3.77|| 99.76 397.7 3.605 69.64 396.6 3. l;95
260 76.15 l;20.8 lı.956 76l.l l;20.5 l; .272 l89.9 ll.9.7 3.858 108.3 lil&. 3.689 75. 70 lil?.9 3.58]
28O 82Ol lill.6 5.033 819.8 h Hl. 3 l. 31.9 2014.7 lil,0.6 3.936 ll6.9 l;39.9 3.767 8l. 72 l;39. 1 3.659
300 8787 l;62.3 5. 105 878.5 l;62.l l. H2l 219.5 l,6l.5 H.008 l25. H l;60.9 3.81.0 87.72 l;60. 3 3. 732
Tem P = H0 atm P = 70 atm P = 100 atm P = ll;0 atm P = 300 atm
°K -
70 l. 18O | 17.2 . 189 l. 173 19.6 . 172 l.l67 || 22. l .156 l. 158 25. I ..l.95 l, l-7 30 . . . 107
8O l. 21.3 : 37.5 . HB9 l. 232 39.7 . Hj9 l.223 ll.9 . H2O l. 2ll lily.9 . 397 l. 195 H9.6 . 36 L
90 l. 318 57.6 .696 l. 302 59. l. .672 l.288 6l. 3 .6l.9 l. 27.l 6l.l .622 l. 249 68. H . 586
lCO l. Hll, 78. H .915 l. 387 79.6 ,881 l. 365 | 8l. 1 .857 l. 340 83. ], .825 l. 309 87.2 . 78!
ll.0 l.515 10l.l l.l.9l l. 1,96 || 101.0 l.088 l. h59 || 101.6 l.053 l. H2O lO3.2 l.Oll l. 377 106.3 .966
l2O l. 768 || 126. l. l. 352 l.6 H8 | 122.9 l.279 l. 579 || 12l.9 l. 231 l.518 l22.3 l. 18l. l. 451, l21.5 l. 121.
l30 3.102 | 185.6 l.820 l.898 ll.9.6 l. H93 l. 745 ll,5.0 l, liló l.638 ll;3.3 l. 35l l. 5ul, ll, H.O l. 282
ll.0 6. #72 243.3 2.253 2. H30 l8l. 1, l. Tjl l.99l 170.9 l.608 l. T92 l65.7 l. 516 1.69 164.3 l. 1,32
150 8.071 265.3 2. l;06 3. ll& 222.5. 2.0ll; 2.367 | 198.7 l. 799 l.992 188.3 l.672 l. T71 1811.2 l. 569
l60 9.355 282. 7 || 2.518 l. 1,08 || 25l. 2 || 2.200 2.875 226.3 l.978 2.241, 2ll. 3 l.82O l.9ll. 2011.0 l.697
17O 10. 19 || 298.0 2.6ll 5.253 || 273.1 2. 332 3. l;30 || 25l. 2 2. lºg 2.5H3 233.9 l.957 2.078 223.7 l. 816
18O ll. 51, 312. l 2.692 5.996 29l. 5 2. H38 3.969 || 272.7 2.252 2.87l 255. l. 2.08l 2.260 243.2 1.928
l90 l2.53 || 325.5 2.76), 6.672 307.9 2. 527 A. l;76 || 291.8 2. 355 3.207 275.5 2. l89 2. 156 262. 3 2.031
2OO l3. H7 338.3 2.830 7.30l 323. l 2.60l. H.95l 309.0 2. l. lº 3.540 291.l 2.285 2.66l 28O. 7 2. lººp
22O l3.27 362.9 2.947 8. H65 35l.O 2.738 5.829 || 3 ||0.0 2.591 H. l'79 327.8 2. l. lº 3.078 315. 3 2.291
21.0 l6.99 || 386.6 3.050 9.51.6 376.9 2.850 6.637 || 368. l 2.713 l, .778 358.0 2.57? 3. h9l 311'ſ. 2 2. l.29
260 l8.65 l;09.5 3.ll;2 10.57 liOl.6 2.91.9 7.397 || 39||. H 2.8.19 5.3H H 386.1 2.689 3.891 376.9 2.5 li&
28O 20.28 l;32.l 3.225 ll.56 lı25.5 3.038 8.l.2|, | lil.9.5 2.912 5.885 lil2.6 2. 788 i; .276 HOl.8 2.052
300 21.87 || ||5||.3 3.302 l2.52 l, l;8.7 3.ll.8 8.825 || || || 3.7 2.995 6. L05 l, 38.0 2.875 4.650 l. 31.5 2.7 lil
* From published data, National Bureau of Standards, Technical Note lºg (Jan 1962)
Bold horizontal line indicates phase change (liquid above, vapor below the line).
Conversions for Units, to Equivalent in British System of Units:
To convert temperature in degrees Kelvin (“K) to degrees Rankine (“R), multiply (°K) by l.8
To convert pressure in atmospheres (atm) to (psia), multiply (atm) by ll.696
To convert volume º in cubic centimeters per gram (cm/g) to (cu ft/lb), multiply (cm/g) by .016018
To convert enthalpy (h) in joules per gram {j. to (Btu/lb), multiply (3/g) by . 12993
To convert entropy (s) in joules per gram “K (J/g°K) to (Btu/lb “R), multiply (j/g°K) by .23885

WI–F–1. 1
3OO
29O
28O
27O
26O
250
240
23O
22O
2|O
2OO
|9
O
| 80
|7
O
| 6O
| 50
| 4O
| 3O
|20
|| O
90
8O
7O
65
TEMPERATURE ENTROPY CHART
FOR NITROGEN
PRESSURE, (P) of m
DENSITY, (P) gm / cm.”
TEMPERATURE °K
ENTHALPY, (H) Joules/gm
ENTROPY Joules /gm *K
Notional Bureau of Stondards
Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory
H=200 Joules/gm
º, #280 "T
27O –– -
260 —--—-— — .
m*K
ENTROPY, Joules /g
Prepared from National Bureau of 3 tandards, Tech::, ; , , ; Rote , T: ; ' ' (i's . . . . .’anuary 13. - .
"The The modynar: º Properties of : ; ; ; 3...en : rer - & . .e' -eer. . . ar. : " : * ~~sphe “es .
Thomas F : r2:: I dre: t , the Čr; rer, ºxa: a 3-r, ... : : at ...aal *- : *-at. . . . . tº:..:” is . . . . . . . . .
|.… I j : * (1
42 cart, 1. J } : , ºr 3 (Janua: ; ; ; * ,
N ', 'l ...! ſº U-----. .
WI–F–2.1


|
|.5O
| 45
| 4 O
1.35
13 O
1.25
I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I I-
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Of SATURATED
LIQUID NITROGEN
º
-*.
7O
75 8O 85
TEMPERATURE, *k
90
WI–G–1.1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of LIQUID NITROGEN
(at saturation)
Source of Data:
Powers, R. W., Mattox, R. W. and Johnston, H. L., J. Am.
Chem. Soc. T6, 5968-73 (1951).
Table of Selected Values

Temperature Thermal Conductivity
°K cal/cm-sec-°K
68.68 3.61 x lo-"
69.92 3.53 "
70.9k 3.59 "
73.66 3.lil; |
76.26 3.39 $º
T.66 3.33 |
78.73 3.31 !?
8l.ll 3.18 º
81.77 3.15 71
83.77 3.12 !!
86.ll. 3.07 ºf
88.12 3.00 t!
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
WI-G-l. 2
:
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
X
O
E Of NITROGEN
O
Ns
º |.O
t;
3.
E
O8
>—"
E
>
H.
CX SATURATION CURVE
Im) O6
CY
2.
O
O 5 O.3 g frn
—l
sº O4 33.5 of m
>
Orº
LL] | 6.8 Ofm
I
|- 8.4 of m
O.2
atmosphere
O
|OO |5O 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of NITROGEN
(Liquid and Gas)
Source of Data:
Borovik, E., Matveev, A. and Panina, E., J. Tech. Phys. (U.S.S.R.)
10, 988-98 (1910).
Franck, E. U., Z. Elektrochem. 55, 636-143 (1951).
Keyes, F. G., Trans. ASME TI, 1395-6 (1955).
Jenoir, J. M. and Comings, E. W., Chem. Eng. Progr. 17, 223-31 (1951).
Uhlir, A. Jr., J. Chem. Phys. 20, 1,63-72 (1952).
Ziebland, H. and Burton, J. T. A., Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 9, 52-9 (1958).
Comments:
At low pressures and temperatures between 90 and 823°K, the following
equation may be used to calculate the thermal conductivity of gaseous
nitrogen, where k is in cal/cm-sec-‘K and T is in ‘K.
6.15 x 10-6 /T
k = 1 + (235.5/T) (10-12/T)
Table of Selected Values

Temp. Thermal cond. | Temp. Thermal cond. | Temp. Thermal cond-l
*K cal/cm-sec-‘K °K cal/cm-sec-‘K "K cal/cm-sec-‘K
l atm 16.8 atm 116.1. 1.750 x 10"
*87.7 2.8 x 10-4 || #93 -235 .
92 o.208 x10-4 i. § !! #: *:::. !?
1OO O.223 " 133. 0.3 Jſ O © |W
l25.9 O.300 " 158.3 O. l;0O " 12k.l. 1.k15
131.1 || 0.315 " 172.0| O. l.25 " 121.2| l.390 "
lSO O 0.329 º 187. l; - O. l;55 !? 126.0 0.85 70
iššč o.376 !? 2Ol.8 O. l;80 $0 128.l. O.660 $0
172.3 O.k00 " 31.3 atm 123.2 2.699 |
200.0 O.k.37 " 183.5 o' iso x i 132.2 2.5%. ,
2O2.0 | O. l;60 " 2O2.5] O.5.10 " 133.6 9.5% .
250.0 O. 528 " 138.3| 0.175
273.O O.57l !! 33.5 atm (Pc) lk3 .k. O.k.5k
300.0 O.616 " 76.6 3.32 x lo-" || 145.9 0.47
31}.3 0.6l;7 " 85.0 | 3.00 " ll,7.0| O. h70 "
8.l. atm 87.7| 2.90 " ll;7.0|| 0.50 !!
* -l; 88.7 2.92 " 15l.2| O.l:38 "
83.2 2.79 x 10 97.3 || 2.56 " 157.6| O. H6O "
158.5 O.385 !? 171 O O l;65 \!
172.2 0.k10 ºt 105.8 2.l7 !! l i.e. ô. $º
187.9 O. lil:0 !? lll .0 2.Ol !! #: § |
2Ol.9 O. l;7o " ll!.6 l.810 ” 2Ol.5 O.5.15 t?
*Liquid
WI–G–2.2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of NITROGEN (cont.)

Pc = 33.49 atm
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
Temp. Thermal Cond. Temp. Thermal Cond. Temp. Thermal Cond.
*K cal/cm-sec-‘K °K cal/cm-sec-‘K *K cal/cm-sec-‘K
50.3 atm §§ : X lo-" 100.5 atm
© 2. º -l;
105.9 2.25 x 10" 98.3 2.60 " 3.2 3.93 x 18
ll6. l; l.830 " loo.7 2.57 " : #: $º
125.9 l.lºlo " 105.6 2.32 " ; : ſt
l27.O l.380 " i; *... .
128.l. l. 330 lik.5 2.03 " © l.T55
il6 sh 1.935 " 11,5.l l.257 "
128.9 l.355 " l25.0 l.57 lS5.2 l.065 "
129.5 l. 335 " l26.8 l. 555 170.9 O.8l. 5 "
l36.2 l.085 " l27.2 l.63 " l85.8 || O.755 "
o © l22.O | l.22 "
70 #: L. LO " 134.0 atm
133-9 2.33 . ll;5.0 O.88 " 87.3 || 3.16 x 10
# | 3: | #| : . . ...? §
o tº lS5. O.73O l'Op. © it
#: O.6l;5 : 55.3 73 #: 2.24 º
lS6.9 O. 555 169.0 §§ ºt l26.3 l.935
67.O 17l.0 | O. º llºl.8 l.53O "
7.0 atm #.] | 9-629 . 154.9 i:
16.9 || 3.40 x 10-" || 4:3 || 2:337 . 170.5 l.Olso
83.3 || 3.18 " 186.3 || 2:32: . 185.5 O.915 "
85.0 3.12 00 2Ol.O O.6OO 2OO.8 O.8l;0 "
Press. | Temp. | Thermal Cond. | Press. | Temp. | Thermal cond.
atm. *K cal/cm-sec-‘k atm. °K cal/cm-sec-‘K
3.9 92.0 o.223 x 10-" 56.5 || 311.3 O.705 x 10
5.8 || 77.2 3.23 " 73.9 || 311.3 || 0.725 "
7.6 273.l O.582 " 82.7 || 311.3 O.737 "
8.2 76. l; 3.31 ſº 96.3 31k.3 O.758 ºt
10.6 273.l O.586 ºt l21.7 31}.3 O.786 !!
10.9 91.8 2.70 $7 136.0 | 311.3 o.82, "
27.6 80.9 3.18 ºf . llilº. 7 31}.3 O.828 tº
28.l 80.7 3.19 |t 167.6 3.11.3 O.86.l.. "
38.k. 107.2 2.23 tº 170.3 31}. O.865 ºt
38.7 | 121.3 l.65 º 196.1 || 311.3 O.915 . "
l;7.6 31}.3 0.691 91 205.7 3ll.3 O.9l8 º
Tc ſº 126.135°K

VI-G-2.3
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID NITROGEN
Sources of Data:
Ebert, L., and Keesom, W. H. (1926), Voorloopige metingen van de dielectrische constante
van vloeibare en vaste stikstof. (Preliminary Measurements of the Dielectric
Constants of Liquid and Solid Nitrogen.), Verslag. Gewone Wergader. Afdel. Natuurk.
Koninkl. Ned. Akad. Wetenschap. Amsterdam 35, 875-9; Proc. Koninkl. Nederland Akad.
Wet. 29, ll& (1926); Commune. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 182d; C.A. 21, 140l (1927).
McLennan, J. C., Jacobsen, R. C., and Wilhelm, J. G. (1930), Dielectric Constants of
Liquefied Gases. , Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada [3], 24, 37-16; C.A. 25, 2310 (1931).
Guillien, R., (1938), Sur la variation de la constante diélectrique a la solidification
des liquides homopolaires. (Regarding the Change of the Dielectric Constant of
Homopolar Liquids on Solidification.), Compt. rend. 207, 393-5; C.A. 32, 7791 (1938).
Guillien, R. (1910), La constante dićlectrique au voisinage du point de fusion. (The
Dielectric Constant in the Region of the Point of Fusion.), J. Phys. Radium [8], l,
29-33; C.A. 31, 315 (1910).
Maryott, A. A., and Smith, E. R. (1951), Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids. ,
- Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. No. 514; C. A. Lö, 2357 (1952). -
Comments:
—
Ebert and Keesom determined the zero capacity of their condenser before and after the
measurement with liquid nitrogen between the plates and list el , the value when determined
before, and ee, when determined after the experiment. They also report certain values
between parentheses, and state that those values without parentheses are to be preferred.
They report data between 63.9 and 76.5l. “K.
©-
McLennan et al. obtained values between 63.3 and 78.5°K which, according to Guillien, are
all too high. -
Guillien states: "The study of the dielectric constant of carbon bisulphide having shown
me (Compt. rend. 206, 100l (1938)) that, contrary to what had previously been published,
(H. Isuardi, Z. Physik 9, 178 (1922); J. Masur, Acta Phys. Polon. 1, 17 (1932)) that this
constant increases on solidification, I asked myself if all homopolar substances show this
phenomenon (at least in those cases where the density is greater in the solid state. - - -
However, Isuardi had indicated that carbon disulphide, toluene, metaxylene and carbon
tetrachloride have a dielectric constant which decreases on solidification. According
to Ebert and Keesom's measurements this should also be true for nitrogen." Guillien
showed that it was necessary to bring about solidification Slowly in order to observe the
increase in the dielectric constant. He therefore reinvestigated toluene, metaxylene and
carbon tetrachloride, and observed that in all three cases, as in the preceding case,
there is an increase in the dielectric constant on solidification. The increase was most
easily observed in the case of carbon tetrachloride.
He then restudied the case of nitrogen, which was very favorable for such an investigation,
because the crystals are not very compact, and hence permit the liquid to penetrate during
solidification. Here again he found an increase in e on solidification. During these
studies he also determined the change of e with temperature of liquid nitrogen. His curve,
based on many points falling close to the curve, is definitely below that of Mc Lennan
et al., but his data agrees generally with that of Ebert and Keesom. His values are
within the temperature range 63.3 to 78°K.
Maryott and Smith select a value of l. H51, at 70.15°K and l atmosphere.
Reprinted from NBS Report 8252
WI–H–1.1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID NITROGEN
(cont.)

Ebert and Keesom (1926)
(Saturated Liquid)
Temp. Dielectric
°K Constant
63.9 l. 1,72
63.9 (l. H61)
66.7 l. 161,
66.7 (l. 1,53)
74.8 l. 151
71.8 l. 1:38
76.51, (l. h51)
76.5l. l. 1,10

McLennan et al. (1930)
(Saturated Liquid)
Temp. Dielectric
°K Constant
78.5 l. 1,55
77.9 l. 1.56
77.l l. 1,57
76.2 l. 162
75.3 l. 165
73.8 l. 169
72.3 l. 1,72
70.5 l. 1,78
69.6 l, lº&l
69.5 l. H8O
68.3 l. 1,81,
66.O l. 1,92
63.3 l. 500

Guillien (1938)
(Saturated Liquid)
Temp. Dielectric
°K Constant
78.O l. H318
75.O l. 1, 100
72.O l. liliğ3
69. O l. 1568
66.0 l. 1,657
63.3 l. 1,746
WI–H-1. 2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS NITROGEN
Sources of Data: .
Scheel, K. (1907), Bestimmung der Breckungsexponenten von Gasen bei Zimmertemperatur
und bei der Temperature ler Flüssigen Luft. (Determination of the Index of Refraction
of Gases at Room Temperature and at the Temperature of Liquid Air.), Verhandl.
deut. physik. Ges. 9, 24-36.
Tangl, K. (1908), ūber die Dielektrizitätskonstante einiger Gase bei hohem Druck. (Con-
cerning the Dielectric Constants of Several Gases at High Pressure.), Ann. Physik
26, 59-78; C.A. 2, 21.92 (1908).
*Cuthbertson, C., and Cuthbertson, M. (1910) On the Refraction and Dispersion of Air, Oxygen,
Nitrogen and Hydrogen and their Relations. , Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 83A, 15l; P. A. 13,
362 (1910).
*Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Gaseous Substances in the Ultraviolet Spectrum. , Arkiv
Mat. Astron. Fysik 8, No. 20; C.A. 7, 2711 (1913).
#Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Light in Gases in the Ultraviolet Region. , Arkiv Mat.
Astron. Fysik 9, No. 6; P.A. 17, 233 (1914).
Bodareu, E. (1913), La costante dielettrica dell'azoto ad alta pressione. (The Dielectric
Constant of Nitrogen at High Pressure.), Atti Accad. Lincei 22, 180-2; C.A. 8, 1370
(1911). &E = &=g
Fritts, E. C. (1921), A Determination of the Dielectric Constants of Five Gases by a
High Frequency Method. , Phys. Rev. 23, 345-56; C.A. 18, 1123 (1924).
Zahn, C. T. (1921), The Electric Moment of Gaseous Molecules of Halogen Hydrides. , Phys.
Rev. 21, HOO-17; C.A. 19, 426 (1925).
Zahn, C. T. (1926), The Electric Moment of CO2 , NH3, SO2. , Phys. Rev. 27, 155-9; C.A. 20,
26l3 (1926).
Broxon, J. W. (1931), The Dielectric Constant of Commercial Nitrogen at High Pressures. ,
Phys. Rev. 38, 2019-50; C.A. 26, lló6 (1932).
Andrews, H. L. (1931), A New Method of Dielectric Constant Measurement at Radio
Frequencies. , Physics l, 366-79; C.A. 26, 1838 (1932).
Michels, A., and Michels, C. (1932), The Dielectric Constant of Nitrogen up to lºo
Atmospheres at 25°, 75° and 125°C., Phil. Mag. [7] 13, llS2-6; C.A. 26, 5802 (1932).
Uhlig, H. H. , Kirkwood, J. G., and Keyes, F. G. (1933), The Dependence of Dielectric
Constants of Gases on Temperature and Density. , J. Chem. Phys. l, 155-9; C.A. 27,
l'790 (1933).
Watson, H. E. , Rao, G. G., and Ramaswamy, K. L. (1931), The Dielectric Coefficients of
Gases. – Part II. The Lower Hydrides of Carbon and Silicon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Oxides
of Nitrogen and Carbon, and Fluorides of Silicon and Sulphur. , Proc. Roy. Soc. ll, 3A,
558-88; C.A. 28, 2583 (1934). *ºs
Michels, A., Jaspers, A., and Sanders, P. (1934), Dielectric Constant of Nitrogen up to
1000 Atms. between 25°C and 150°C., Physica 1, 627-33; C.A. 28, 6038 (1934).
Bennett, C. E. (1931), Precise Measurements of Dispersion in Nitrogen. , Phys. Rev. 15,
200-7; C.A. 28, 3305 (1934).
Fox, G. W., and Ryan, A. A. (1939), The Dielectric Constants of Ammonia, Nitrogen, and
Carbon Dioxide at Ultra-High Frequency. , Phys. Rev. 56, ll32-6; C. A. 34, 2221 (1910).
Bennett, C. E. (1910), Optical Dispersion and Molar Refraction at Zero Frequency for
Compressed Nitrogen, Argon, and Carbon Dioxide Measured nctions of Density. ,
Phys. Rev. 58, 263-6 ; C. A. 34, 6866 (1910).
Reprinted from NBS Report 8252
WI–H–2. 1
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS NITROGEN
(cont.)
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1916), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases.,
Phys. Rev. 32, ion-5"c.A. io, 2366 (133).
Miller, J. G. (1918), VI - Dielectric-Constant and Refractivity Deta., Trans. A.S.M.E. To,
6'5-9; C.A. l.2, 71.17 (1918).
Birnbaum, G., Kryder, S. J., and Lyons, H. (1951), Microwave Measurements of the Dielectric
Properties of Gases., J. Appl. Phys. 22, 95-102; C.A. 15, 32.13 (1951).
Essen, L., and Froome, K. D. (1951), The Refractive Indices and Dielectric Constants of
Air and its Principal Constituents at 21,000 Mc/s., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 6l B,
862-75; Nature 167, 512-3; C.A. 15, 7397 (1951).
Zieman, C. M. (1952), Dielectric Constants of Various Gases at 91.70 Mc., J. Appl. Phys.
23, 154; C.A. 6149 (1952).
Essen, L. (1953), The Refractive Indices of Water Vapour, Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen,
Deuterium and Belium. , Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 66B, 189-93; C.A. l. I, 9083f (i953
Maryott, A. A., and Buckley, F. (1953), Table of Dielectric Constants and Electric Dipole
Moments of Substances in the Gaseous State. , Natl. Bur. Standards. Circ. 537; c. A. l. I,
10928 (1953).
Heineken, F. W., and Bruin, F. (1954), Some Measurements on Refractive Indices of Gases
in the Microwave Region. , Physica 2C, 350-60; C. A. l.2, 686 (1955).
Froome, K. D. (1955), The Refractive Indices of Water Vapor, Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and
Argon at 72 K Mc/s., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 68B, 833-5; C.A. 50, 61.18 (1956).
De Wijn, H. W., and Heineken, F. W. (1959), The Lorentz-Lorenz Functions of Argon, Nitrogen
and Carbon Dioxide up to 50 Atmospheres at a Wavelength of 12mm., Physica 25, 615-25;
C.A. 5), 5196 (1960).
Johnston, D. R., oudemans, G. J., and Cole, R. H. (1960), Dielectric Constants of Imperfect
Gases. I. Helium, Argon, Nitrogen, and Methane. , J. Chem. Phys. 33, 1310-17; c.A. 55,
3.5032 (1961). *E=ºs.
Comments:
Scheel reported a dielectric constant of l.00058122 at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Tangl determined dielectric constants of gaseous nitrogen at 20°C at pressures up to
lCO atmospheres. He calculated the value at 0°C and l atmosphere to be l.00058l, which
he found to be almost identical with the value of l.OOO580 determined from the index of
refraction for the sodium line (1.000290° = l.000580).
Bodareu made measurements at pressures between 87 and 226 atmospheres, from which he
calculated the dielectric constant at l atmosphere to be l.000587, which he states
compares favorably with Tangl's value of l.OOO58l. However, the comparison is not clear,
since he made measurements at about 23°C. He uses the word normal, which assumes room
temperatures, whereas Tangl's data is for standard conditions, namely 0°C and l atmosphere.
Using a high frequency method Fritts made measurements at pressures, near atmospheric and
found a value of l.000555 calculated for 0°C and l atm. from a series of 39 observations.
In 1921, Zahn reported a value of l.OOO58l calculated from ll measurements and reduced to
O’C and 760 mm Hg. A paper by the same author in 1926 gives a value of l.000580.
WI–H–2.2
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS NITROGEN
(cont.)
Broxon made observations at pressures up to ljQ atmospheres and observed a linear relation
between dielectric constant and pressure in the case of commercial nitrogen (above 99%).
He found a value of l.000556 at l atmosphere and 16.5°C. The rate of change of dielectric
constant as a function of pressure at lé.5°C is given as 0.000556 per atmosphere.
The average value found by Andrews at 0°C and l atmosphere, using a frequency of 884 Kc
was given as l.000589, which he considers to be correct to 0.5% of the value (e-l) of
O.000589.
Michels and Michels made measurements at 25, 75 and l35°C and at pressures up to lºo
atmospheres from which they calculated a value at 0°C and l atm. of l.000573. They used
a frequency of 508 Ke. Only the 25°C isotherm is tabulated here.
Uhlig, Kirkwood and Keyes made measurements at O and loo’C and pressures up to 250
atmospheres using a heterodyne beat method. The lC0°C values are not tabulated here.
Watson et al. report a value for 25°C and l atmosphere of l.000538 for nitrogen.
Michels et al. made measurements between 25 and l30 °C at pressures up to loCO atmospheres.
Very extensive tables of data are given, from which they finally calculate the value of
the dielectric constant at 0°C and l atm. to be l.0005821, # 6 x 1077. The tabular
values for above 50°C are not reproduced in this report. The authors indicate that the
Clausius-Mossotti function is valid within experimental error.
Bennett used an improved displacement interferometer to measure simultaneously refractive
index and dispersion constants for gases over a range of pressures above atmospheric.
From the Cauchy dispersion constant Ao – l = 0.0002932, which is the extrapolated infinite
wave-length refractive index less one, he calculates the dielectric constant , e, to be
l.0005861, in which e-l is considered to be accurate to one fifth of one percent. In a
later paper Bennett reports values of Ao – l for 0, 30, and 50°C from 300 to 1000 cm of Hg
pressure. From these values the dielectric constant was calculated with the Cauchy relation.
Fox and Ryan used a heterodyne beat method at the ultra high frequency of 56 megacycles
on nitrogen of 99.9% purity. They find a value of l.0005808 at 0°C and l atmosphere, as
the result of averaging l20 separate readings. * ..
Using the heterodyne beat method, Hector and Woernley found a value of l.000580 at NTP
which probably means O’C and l atmosphere.
Miller presents a review of dielectric constant and refractivity data. He includes a
compilation of dielectric constant values for 0°C and l atmosphere. Because index of
refraction data extrapolated to infinite wave-length are regarded as a more accurate
source of dielectric constant values, Miller gives for comparison values of n°.
Birnbaum et al. used a frequency of 9280 Mc at 0°C and 760 mm Hg and found e for N2 to be
l.OOO5869 + O.OOOOO29.
Essen and Froome using a frequency of 24,000 Mc/s arrived at a value of the dielectric
constant of nitrogen at 0°C and 760 mm Hg of l.0005883 + O.OOOOOO2.
Zieman used a frequency of 9H7O Mc and came up with a value for the dielectric constant
of l.OOO587O + O.OOOOO2O.
Essen reports the index of refraction of gaseous nitrogen at 0°C and 760 mm of Hg as
l.0002941. Using the relation e = n°, we obtain e = 1.0005882.
Maryott and Buckley made a critical review of dielectric constants obtained by radio
frequency, microwave and optical methods and recalculated by one of two systematic
procedures in order to place the work of various experimentors on a more comparable
basis than exists in the literature. They recommend a value of l.0002538 + 0.0000003 at
20°C and l atmosphere.
WI–H–2. 3
DDELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS NITROGEN
(cont.)
Heineken and Bruin used a resonant cavity method at a frequency of 25 KMc/Sec to determine
the index of refraction. The Cauchy relation yields a value of l.OOO588 for the
dielectric constant at 0°C and l atmosphere.
Froome measured the refractive index with a cavity resonator and reports a value of
l.0002911 at 0°C and l atmosphere. Through the Cauchy relation this yields a value of
l.0005882 for the dielectric constant at 0°C and l atmosphere.
De Wijn and Heineken report values for the Lorentz-Lorenz function (N*-l)/p(N°42)=LL
where N = index of refraction and p = density in Amagats). Through the Cauchy relation
M* - e. where e is the dielectric constant the Lorentz-Lorenz function reduces to the
Clausius-Mossotti function, (e-l)/p(et2). Their data at densities from 1 to 15 Amagats
and 295"K can be represented well within experimental error by the equation LL = 0.0001960
+ p(0.00000002).
Johnston et al. indicate the behavior of the Clausius-Mossotti function up to a density
of l; moles/liter at 242°K and 296°K but do not give dielectric constant values.


Tangl (1908) Bodareu (1913)
at 293.15°K - at 296.15°K
P(atm) Dielectric P(atm) Dielectric
Constant Constant
l l.OOO538 87 l. Ol;750
2O l.01086 lll, l.O6276
l{O l.02185 ll. 3 l.07828
6O l.03299 l?l, l.09373
8O l.0ll,06 2O5 l. IO953
lCO l.051.98 226 l.ll367
Zahn (1926) Uhlig et al. (1933)
at l atmosphere at 273.15°K
Temp. Dielectric P(atm) Dielectric |
°K Constant Constant
84.l l.OOl898 lC) l.OO609
l97.8 l.OOO792 2O l. Ol.220
273.O l.OOO58l HO l.O2468
562.l l.OOO283 60 l.O3732
8O l.Olg89
lOO l.06262
lSO l.0931,3
2OO l. l.217
25O l.ll,73


WI–H–2.4
(cont.)
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS NITROGEN

Michels et al. (1931)
Temp. P(atm) Dielectric Temp. P(atm) Dielectric
O Constant °C Constant
25.28 l. O2 l. OOO52 119.68 l.06 l.00051,
25.28 2.02 l.OOlol; 119.68 2. lo l.OOlC9
25.28 3. Ol l.OOlj 5 l;9.68 2. l.2 l. OOlC)5
25.28 8.09 l.00 l.23 H9.65 2.97 l.OOlh9
25.28 l3. Th l.007 ll 19.66 9. 16 l.00452
25.28 l6.9l l. Olol() l;9.66 l3.3% l.OO662
25.28 24. lil l. Ol303 l;9.66 l8.86 l.OO935
25.28 29.96 l. Olćll, H9.66 21. HO l. Ol2O8
25.28 35. 18 l, Olgol. l;9.06 29.99 l. Olú89
25.28 Hl.06 l. 02206 lig.66 35.53 l. Ol'76l
25.28 16.58 l.O25l.O H9.66 Hl.l3 l.02036
25.28 52.O7 l.02806 H9.66 l6.50 l.02305
25.28 57.5l. l. O3109 119.66 5l.96 l.O2576
25.28 6l. 39 l. O33l3 l;9.66 57. H2 l.028.8
25.28 6l. HO l. O33ll l;9.66 6l.23 l.03031.
25, 28 87.98 l.01760 H9.58 57. H2 l.02836
25.27 lll .60 l.Oól?O 19.58 62.68 l. O3097
25.28 lll .67 l.06176 l;9.66 87.87 l. Ol. 326
25.27 llil.29 l.0756l 19.66 87.96 l. O'H337
25.28 lºl. 36 l. O7567 H9.66 87.96 l.0+3+3
25.28- lºll. 38 l.O7565 H9.66 ll. .5l l.056ll;
25.28 l68. O5 l.08910 H9.66 l30.0l. l.06349
25.28 l68.08 l.03897 l;9.58 lil. 3", l.06866
25.28 l914.99 l. lol.90 H9.58 l68.33 l.08.103
25.28 22l. 57 l, llll:3 l;9.59 l94.9l. l.09274
25.28 25l. 71, l. 12875 H9.59 22l.96 l, l01101
25.28 366.88 l.l7008 H9.59 254.6l. l.ll'728
25.28 l,78.66 l. 20289 H9.6l 366.92 l. 15653
25.28 590.31; l. 22873 H9.60 l,78.52 l. 18791
25.28 702.08 l. 25076 19.60 590.2] l. 21:06
25.28 8ll, . 17 l. 26937 H9.60 702.03 l. 23555
25.28 925.89 l. 28526 l;9.60 8ll. 12 l. 25.426
25.28 loll. 56 l. 296.33 l;9.60 925.90 l. 27O5l.
h9.60 loll. H9 l. 28151.
Bennett (1940)
Temp. P(cm Hg) Dielectric Temp. P(cm Hg) Dielectric
°C Constant °C Constant
50 309.75 l.OO2O25 30 8OO. 59 l.OO5551;
5O 582.9l l.OO3806 30 8O3.6 l; l. OO6593
5O lO22.2O l.OO6677 30 lO75.36 l.007 l;65
30 309.80 l.002156 O 32l. O9 l.OO2H67
30 33l. 22 i.OO23O8 O l;37.68 l.003362
3O 356. Ol, l.OO21,76 O 549. H2 l.OOl;225
30 l;97. 119 l.003456 O 662.69 l.OO5107
3O 566.56 l. OO3932 O T.9l. H8 l.006101
30 566.6l I.OO3938 O lOOO. 57 l.OO7717
3O 626.23 l.OOl;35l.

WI–H–2.5
NITROGEN - SURFACE TENSION
Sources of Data :
Baly, E. C. C., and Donnan, F. G., "The Variation with Temperature of the Surface Energies and
Densities of Liquid Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon, and Carbon Monoxide," J. Chem. Soc. (London) 81,
907–23 (1902).
Reilly, M. L., and Furukawa, G. T., "Surface Tension of Oxygen, Nitrogen, and their Mixtures,"
Natl. Bur. Std. Rept. 3958 (1955).
Stansfield, D., "The Surface Tensions of Liquid Argon and Nitrogen," Proc. Phys. Soc. (London)
Comments:
The surface tension of nitrogen has been reported by three experimenters from measurements using
the capillary rise method. Reilly and Furukawa estimate their values of surface tension to have an
accuracy of + 1%. Stansfield compared his results up to 90°K with those of Baly and Dornan and
report an agreement to nearer than 1%.
The data for surface tension of nitrogen have been fitted to an equation of the form
B
Y = Yo (l - T/T.) 9
where Y is the surface tension in dynes/cm at temperature T, Te is the critical temperature, and
Yo and B are variable parameters. The estimated parameters determined by a least squares fit to
the data are,
Yo = 29.707, dynes/cm
B l.27135 .
Deviations between this equation and the experimental data are given in the following graph. The
table of values of surface tension were calculated from this equation.
ll/9 was also
Guggenheim" suggested a value of B = ll/9. A least squares fit of Yo with 8 =
= l.27135 is a
made, which resulted in the value Yo = 28.3008 dynes/cm. The equation with B
better fit of the data near the critical point.
Guggenheim, E. A., J. Chem. Phys. 13, 253–61 (1945)
VI-I-1. 1

Surface Tension for Nitrogen from Y = Yo (l - T/T.)? where Yo = 29.707 and B = l.2713
Temp. Surface Tension Temp. Surface Tension Temp. Surface Tension
°K (dynes/cm) °K (dynes/cm) °K (dynes/cm)
6l.0 l2.08 88. O 6.l.9 ll 2.0 l.8l.
66. O ll.58 90.0 6. O6 ll.0 l.51
68. O ll.lo 92.0 5.6l. ll6.0 l.20
70.0 lo.6l 911.0 5.22 ll&.0 O.9ll
72.0 lo.ll. 96.0 H.8l ll.9.0 O.77l
Tl.0 9.66 98.0 H.H.l l2O.0 O.637
76.O 9.l.9 lOO ... O l, .02 12l. O 0.508
78. O 8.73 lC2.0 3.63 l22.0 O.386
80.0 8.27 lol.0 3.25 l23. O 0.271
82.0 7.82 106.0 2.88 121.0 0.167
8l.O 7.37 lC8.0 2.52 125. O 0.07119
86. O 6.93 llO.O 2.18 l26.0 0.00520
o Baly and Donnon
• Reilly and Furukawa
o Stonsfield 3.2O
3 ?
T- |-- -q I | | I
O O
O O
O 2 H. O —
X O O
• e 2 O
C O -*.
;3| 2 | ©
3|* O O
sº | H 8 O O —
| | O
O
3 H. O O o § -
*- o O
g .* :-
> O ©- wº
LL] O 69
O O O
H. |-
º • , a * o T
O O § O
Or - | R— O -
LL] O
Cl- 9
O
O O
TO %3 Q *
C)
-2–H–––––––––– | 1
7O 8O 9 O |OO |||O | 20 # |3O
- 2.23 - 4.69
TEMPERATURE, ok

WI–I–1.2
Wiscosity of Liquid Nitrogen
Source of Data: Forster, S., "Wiscosity Measurements in Liquid
Neon, Orgon, and Nitrogen, Cryogenics, Vol. 3, 176-177, (1963).

Temp. Wisco sity
OK xxloº Poise
66.55 278
7O.OO 223
77.l 165
86.9 127
911.6 lO2
97.8 92
101.1 79
ll.0.0 65
ll6.2 53
121.1 15
VI—J–l. 1
4 OO
35 O
3OO
25 O
200
| 5 O
| O O
5O
6 O
7 O
8 O
VISCOSITY of LIQUID
NITROGEN
9 O | OO | | O
TEMPERATURE, º K
l2O
| 3O

VI—J–1.2
vi scoSITY OF GASEoUs NI TROGEN*
( PRELIMINARY TABLE )
TEMP VISCOS IT Y TEMP VISCOS IT Y
K G/CM-SEC K G/CM-SEC
m x 10° m x 10°
5 OO 256 e 4
5 10 259 e 8
520 263 e 3
530 266 e 6
540 270 e O
550 273 e 3
560 276 • 6
570 279 e 9
580 283 e ]
590 286 s 4
1 OO 69 e 3 6 OO 289 e 5
1 10 75 e 8 6 1 O 292 e 7
120 82 e 2 62O 295 e 8
130 88 e 5 63 O 299 • O
14 O 94 • 7 6 4.0 302 s 1
15 O 100 • 7 650 305 e O
16 O 106 • 7 66 O 308 e O
l 70 1 12 e 4 670 3 l l e 1
180 ll 8 el 68 O 3.14 e l
190 123 e 7 69 O 3 l 7 e ]
200 129 s 2 700 320 e O
210 1 34 e5 710 323 e O
220 1 39 e 8 720 325e 9
230 144 • 9 730 3.28 e 8
240 149 e 9 740 33 le 7
25 O 154 • 8 750 334 e 6
26 O 1 5 9 e 7 76 O 337s 5
270 164 e 4 770 34 O e 3
28 O 16.9 s 1 780 343 e 2
290 173 e 7 790 346 e O
300 178 s 2 8 OO 3.48 e 8
3 l O 18.2 s 7 8 1 O 351 s 6
32O 187 e 1 820 3.54 * 4
33 O 191 e 4 830 357, 1
34 O 195 e 6 84 O 359 e 8
35 O 199 • 8 85 O 36.2 s 5
36 O 2O 3 e 9 86 O 365 e ]
370 2O 7 e 9 870 36 7 e 9
38 O 2 l l e 9 88 O 37 Ole 6
390 215 e 8 890 373 e 3
400 219 e 7 900 375 e 9
4 10 223 s 6 91 O 37.8 s 5
420 227 e 4 92.0 381 s 2
43 O 231 e 2 930 383 e 8
440 234 e 9 94 O 386 s 4
450 23.8 s 6 95 O 3.89 e O
460 24.2 s 2 96 O 39 le 6
4; 7 O 245 e 8 970 394 e 2
480 249e 4 98 O 396 s 7
4.9 O 252 e 9 990 399 • 3
% Calculated for the dilute gas by the Kihara potential, with Y = . 2, 9 - 3. 55 A, eſ k = 1 16.7°K.
Reprinted from NBS Report 9198
VI—J–2. 1
| 8 O
VISCOSITY of
16O GASEOUS NITROGEN
* |
(O
O
&
s
f |2O
E
§
X-
E
3 |O
O
(ſ)
>
8 O
6 O
2OO,
5 O |OO | 5 O
TEMPERATURE, *K
250
3OO

VI—J–2. 2
WELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID NITROGEN
Sources of Data:
Van Itterbeek, A., de Bock, A. and Verhaegen, L.; Physica lj, 62.l. (1919)
Wan Itterbeek, A., and Van Dael, W.; Bull. inst . intern. froid. Annexe
1958–l, 295 (1958)
Other References:
Hirschlaff, E.; Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 31, 296 (1938)
Liepmann, H. W.; Helv. Phys. Acta. 12, H2l (1939)
Galt, J. K; J. Chem. Phys. lg, 505 (1918)
Van Itterbeek, A., Van den Berg, G. J. and Limburg, W.; Physica 20,
307 (1951) - -
Venkatasubramanian, F. S.; J. Indian Inst. Sci. 37, 227 (1955)
Comments:
The velocity of sound in liquid nitrogen is presented here as a
function of pressure and temperature between the temperatures of
61.5°K and 90.25°K at various pressures from l to 67 atmospheres.
The data tabulated below and illustrated on the graphs are from the
references listed above under "Sources of Data".
The data by Wan Itterbeek, de Bock and Verhaegen tabulated below are
illustrated in the graph of the velocity of sound versus temperature.
The authors report these values as being observed at the pressures of
the saturated liquid with sound having a frequency of 535 kilocycles
per second. No mention is made of the purity of the sample used or
the estimated accuracy of the measurements taken.
The data illustrated in the graph of the velocity of sound in liquid
nitrogen versus pressure at constant temperature are from Wan Itter-
beek and Van Dael. These isotherms terminate on the low pressure end
at saturation as indicated on the graph, and therefore should not be
extrapolated to lower pressures. The authors report sound frequency
of 528.58 kc/sec used to take the measurements at 77.10°K and sound
of 519. OO kc/sec used to take the measurements at 90.25°K. No men-
tion is made by the investigators as to the purity of the sample or
the estimated accuracy of the measurements.
The units of the velocity of sound in liquid nitrogen used in the tabu-
lations below and on the graphs are: temperature in degrees Kelvin
(0°C = 273.16°K), pressure in atmospheres (g = 980.665) and the velocity
of sound in meters per second.
(Continued on following page)
WI-K–1.1
Comments:
VELOCITY of SOUND in LIQUID NITROGEN (Cont.)
(cont.)
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Nitrogen
at Saturation Pressures as a Function of Temperature

Wan Itterbeek, de Bock and Werhaegan
Temp. Welocity Temp. Velocity
°K m/sec °K m/sec
61.5 lCO9.6 7O. 2 9||5.8
65. 1, lCO2.5 7l.9 92l. 3
66. , 998.2 71.7 907.2
67.5 961.7 77.5 857. l
Velocity of Sound in Liquid Nitrogen
as a Function of Pressure

Wan Itterbeek and Van Dael
Pressure Velocity Pressure Velocity
atm. m/sec atm. m/sec
77. 10°K 8.3 735.7
l; .2 861.6 i: º:
9.2 863.2 2 | 4 j .
l3.9 868. O lS. 9 7|3.0
3l.8 881.2 l9.2 7 ||3.1;
12.0 885. 1, 24.8 753.2
28.8 756.2
H2.l 889.l 32.3 759.7
119.6 891.7 º *
51.9 896.5 38.6 ſº
39.3 767.
5 H. l 898. l
39.3 768.7
60.9 902. O l;3.7 775. l.
66.7 907. l © tº
Hl. 2 773.9
90.25°K l;7. 1, ſº
l;9.3 78O.7
11.6% 731.2
8. l 732.3 55.7 787.5
* Value appears on both graphs
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
WI–K-1. 2
PRESSURE, psia
2OO 4 OO 6OO *H. 229,3000
O
VELOCITY OF SOUND
900 H---|- - IN
LIQUID NITROGEN
T : 77 Aoe K
88O
860 - 4–4–4 4–1–
SATURATED LIQUID
5 - 28OO Ú
Ç
O
O
Qº)
Uſ)
- S.
º 8 -º-
- Q)
9
5 c.
º 2
D 27OO =}
# 820 3
- Li-
D O
>-
H
! O
58OO O
—l
LL
26OO >
78O
T = 90.25 °K
25 OO
76O
74O
SATURATED LI QUID . 24OO
O |O 2O 3O 4O 50 6O 70
PRESSURE, atmospheres

WI-K–1. 3
33OO
VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N SATURATED
L|QUID NITROGEN
9
32OO
3|OO
392 8
ºl) 3000 :
(U) (ſ)
N. N
(ſ) *
§ 90C) $
Q) * *}=
E 29OO CŞ
88O 2
Cl
2 3
I) (ſ)
O -
90 86O Ś
Li-
O 28OO £
f G
O C
O LL]
— >
Lil 27OO
> 82O
8OO
26OO
78O
76O 25OO
7
24OO
72O
65 7O 75 8O 85 90
TEMPERATURE, *K

VI-K–1.4
WELOCITY Of SOUND in GASEOUS NITROGEN
Sources of Data:
Keesom, W. H. and Van Lammeren, J. A. ; Koninkl. Akad. Amsterdam, Proc.
35, 727 (1932)
Hilsenrath, J., et al.; Natl. Bur. Standards Circ. 564 (1955) l;88 pp.
Lunbeck, R. J., Michels, A. and Wolkers, G. J. ; Appl. Sci. Research A3,
l97 (1952)
Other References:
Foley, A. L., International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics,
Chemistry and Technology VI, lst Edition Published for the National
Research Council by the McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. (1929) p. 16
Van Itterbeek, A. and Mariens, P.; Physica II, 207 (1937)
Shilling, W. G. and Partington, J. R.; Phil. Mag. 6, 920 (1928)
Hodge, A. H.; J. Chem. Phys. 5, 9th (1937)
Colwell, R. C. and Gibson, L. H.; J. Acoust. Soc. An. 12, 136 (1911)
Van Itterbeek, A. and Van Doninck, W.; Ann. phys. 19, 88 (1914)
Michels, A., Lunbeck, R. J. and Wolkers, G. J.; Physica l'ſ, 801 (1951)
Dixon, H. B., Campbell, C. and Parker, A.; Proc. Roy. Soc. (London)
A100, l (1921)
Comments:
The values of the velocity of sound in gaseous nitrogen are given here
as functions of temperature and pressure. Three graphs are given with
accompanying tabular data. The first graph illustrates the velocity
Of sound in nitrogen near one atmosphere pressure, versus temperature
between 77.395°K (the normal boiling point) and 280°K. The final two
graphs present the velocity of sound in nitrogen versus pressure, with
pressures of 0 to l atmosphere and O to 3000 atmospheres, respectively.
The data illustrated in the graphs and tabulated below are from the
references listed above under "Sources of Data". The data illustrated
in the plot of velocity of sound as a function of temperature and in
the graph of the velocity of sound as a function of pressure between
O and l atmosphere are from Keesom and Van Lammeren; and Hilsenrath,
et al. The values of the velocity of sound at O pressure were calcu-
lated for the ideal gas, i.e., c = NRTY, where c is the velocity of
sound, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and ) is the specific
heat ratio. The data by Hilsenrath, et al., are reported by the authors
as the velocity of sound at low frequency. A comparison of these data
with experimental values appears in National Bureau of Standards Cir-
cular 564, and indicates an agreement with the experimental values of
less than 1% maximum deviation. Hilsenrath, et al., present their data
as ratios in the form of a/ao, where a is the value of the velocity of
(Continued on following page)
WI-K–2. 1
WELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS NITROGEN (Cont.)
Comments: (Cont.)
low frequency sound at a given temperature and pressure, and ao (ao +:
336.96 m/sec) is the velocity of sound at 0°C and l atmosphere of pres-
sure. All values from Hilsenrath, et al., tabulated here have been
converted to specific values of Velocity of sound. Keesom and Van
Lammeren make no mention of the frequency of the sound used in their
determinations but do claim 0.15% accuracy in their measurements. All
of the above data are for a pressure of approximately l atm.
The data by Lunbeck, Michels and Wolkers tabulated below and illustrated
in the plot of the velocity of sound in nitrogen gas as a function of
pressure between 0 and 3000 atmospheres were calculated by the authors
from a correlation of their own experimental data. The authors esti-
mate a maximum error in these calculations of 10%. However, in the
temperature range reported here, the maximum error should be substan-
tially smaller.
The units of the velocity of sound in nitrogen gas used in the tabula-
tions below and on the graphs are: temperature in degrees Kelvin (O°C =
273.16° K), pressure in atmospheres (g = 980.665) and the velocity of
sound in meters per second.
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Nitrogen as a Function of Pressure”

Press. Velocity, m/sec
atm. —l 25°C -loo”C –75°C –50°C –25°C O°C
O 21.8.l 268.2 286.9 301.6 32l.l 337.0
lO 2ll 26|| 285 30|| 322 338
30 229 260 28|| 306 321, 31.2
5O 230 26l 286 310 329 316
lOO 362 298 310 326 3/15 362
2OO 566 162 lilj 10|| l,05 Hll.
3OO 689 588 527 1196 l,83 l,8]
|OO 776 68l 62O 58O 559 5||9
6OO 90|| 822 760 719 688 67O
8OO lOO7 930 87O 827 796 77 ||
lOOO lO92 lO2O 96l 917 886 863
l?OO ll67 llOO lCl40 996 963 9||l
l;OO l265 l2O2 ll liff llOl lO68 lol,
2OOO l'HO8 l3||7 l295 l250 l218 ll.97
2500 lj 31 ll,73 l!23 l38l l3||8 1329
3OOO l636 l;87 l;35 ll.95 l'Hô2 ll, H&
* Values are from Lunbeck, Michels and Wolkers
(Continued on following page)
WI-K-2. 2
Comments:
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Nitrogen as a Function of Pressure
VELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS NITROGEN (Cont.)
(cont.)

Temp. Press. Velocity Temp. Press. Velocity
°K atm. m/sec °K atm. m/sec
Keesom and Wan Lammeren 77.95 || O. 90.26% lT6... O
O. T lz2 l'76.9
90.37 O. 929.9% l9l.0 O. 5789 lT7.5
0.7293 l91.7 O. l;380 lT8.. O
O.55 lil l92.2 0.3029 178.7
O. l;380 l92.6 O. 2025 lT 9.2
O.32O7 l92.9 O. ll 83 179. 7
O. l973 l93.3 7l.92 O. 3879 l'70.9
O. ll'76 l93.3 O.3382 l'ſ l. l
82.95 l. Oll;6% l8l.8 O.2627 lTl.6
O. 7957 l82.8 O. l.931 lT2 ... O
O. 5953 l83. l; O. ll 88 172.6
O. H.l79 l8l. O
0.2923 l8l4.6 Hilsenrath, et al.
0.l.92l l85. O lOO ... O O. Ol 2O3.86
O. l C22 l85.5 - O. l 203.52
l. O 2Ol. 50
* These values also appear on the velocity of sound
as a function of temperature plot.
Velocity of Sound in Gaseous Nitrogen as a Function of Temperature”

Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity
°K m/sec °K m/sec
Pressure = l atm. Pressure = l atm.
LOO 2Ol. 50 2OO 288.10
ll.0 212.28 2lQ 295. l8
l2O 222.06 22O 302.25
l30 23 l. lj 230 3O8.99
ll;0 21:0.25 210 315. 73
l;O 21:9. Ol 250 322. l.2
l60 257, l0 260 328.5l.
lTO 265.19 27O 331.9l
l8O 273.27 28O 3Hl. 34
l90 280.69
* Values are from Hilsenrath, et al.
(Continued on following page)
VI-K–2. 3
VELOCITY of SOUND in GASEOUS NITROGEN (Cont.)
Comments: (cont.)
Work done by Other investigators is also of interest. Foley made a
critical review of all work on the velocity of sound in nitrogen prior
to 1928 for inclusion in the section on sound in the International
Critical Tables and reported 337.7 m/sec at 0°K and l atm. pressure.
Dixon and co-workers gave a value 337.6 at 0°C and 720.6 m/sec at
lCOO’C. Shilling and Partington worked with nitrogen from which the
rare gases had not been removed but which had been freed from moisture
Uy passage over sodium hydroxide and phosphorus pentoxide. Measure-
ments were carried out from 16.7 to 1000°C yielding values from 317.6
to 720.6 m/sec at these limiting temperatures.
Hodge made measurements on impure nitrogen at 27°C at pressures from
l to loC) atmospheres. Since water vapor and other impurities of un-
known amounts had not been removed, no importance can be attached to
his results. Colwell and Gibson used a rapid succession of sound
pulses and an oscilloscope and found no variation in velocity at 0°C
for pressures from 26 to l76 cm Hg. The average of 2100 measurements
gave a value of 337.12 m/sec at 0°C. *
The above authors also give values for the velocity as a function of
pressure ranging from 183.l m/sec at zero pressure and 80°K to about
180 m/sec at 0.8 atmospheres.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
WI-K–2. 4
350 ||5|O
| | OO
33O VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N
GASEOUS NITROGEN | O 50
near one atmosphere pressu -
3|O
|OOO
29O 95O
900
27O
85O
25O
800
23O 750
7OO
2|O
65 O
| 9C)
6 OO
n bp = 77.395 °K
| 70
8O |OO | 20 |4O | 6O |8O 2OO 22O 24O 26 O 28 O
TEMPERATURE, o K

VI-K–2.5
PRESSURE, psid
O 2O 4 O 6.O 8.O |O | 2 |4
2O5 -
67O
T = |OO.O o K
66O
2OO VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N
GASEOUS NITROGEN
65O
|95 64O
90 37 ° K
63O
| 90
62O
6|O
| 85
_ 82.95 °K
6OO
| 8 O 590
77.95 o K
58O
| 75
57 O
7 || 92° K
| 56O
O. O.2 O 3 O 4 O 5 O 6 O7 O 8 O 9 |.. O
PRESSURE, atmospheres
| 7 O
O

WI-K–2.6
|64O
1560
|48 O
1400
|32O
|240
| | 60
| O80
|OOO
92O
84 O
76 O
68O
6OO
52O
4 40
36O
28O
2OO
PRESSURE, psia
|OOOO 2OOOO 3OOOO
VELOCITY OF SOUND
|N
GASEOUS NITROGEN
T = — 25 Cº-
`T = - 75 o C
4 OOOO
* - . T = O o C
5OO | OOO |5CO 2COC
PRESSURE, atmospheres
2
550 O
5OOO
2
5
C
C
5
C
C
Q
º,



VI-K–2, 7
©
VII. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOME SOLIDS
CONTENTS
Preface to Thermal Conductivity Integrals
Copper S
Silver and Gold
Beryllium and Magnesium
Aluminum, Gallium, Indium and Thallium
T in and Lead
Vanadium, Niobium and Tan talum
Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten
Iron, Cobalt and Nickel
Rhodium, Palladium, I ridium and Platinum
Copper Alloys -
Copper-Nickel and Silver Alloys
Aluminum Alloys
Nickel Alloys
Miscellaneous Alloys
Glasses and Plastics
Carbon and Stainless Steels
70/30 Brass
Ferrous Alloys
Additional Reference to Entire Chapter: NBS Circular 556
VII–INDEX
PREFACE to the THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS of SOLIDS at LOW
TEMPERATURES
The thermal conductivity integrals for metallic solids are
presented in this section as a function of temperature for the
range from 4 to 300 K. The thermal conductivity integral is
defined from the Fourier equation for steady unidirectional Con-
duction which is:
dT
– A -
Q \ dL
where:
Q = rate of heat conduction, negative in the direc-
tion of increasing length
X = thermal conductivity
A = cross-sectional area of the heat conduction path,
and normal to the direction of heat flow
# = temperature gradient along the path at the section
--! under consideration -
T = temperature
L = length
For a constant cross-section area this may be reduced to:
where T. and T ~ are the temperatures at any two points along the
path of T the heat flow.
The thermal conductivity integrals tabulated in this section
are values of:
T
ſ’ “L
d T
O
A dT
where T and T. are temperatures along a heat flow path communi-
cating Between"heat reservoirs at T = 4°K and T at length L from
To . The heat flow along a conductor of constant"cross-section
area A, through length L., may then be determined from the differ —
ence of the thermal conductivity integrals, i.e. ,
(Continued on following page)
VII-A-1
(In calculating the values of the thermal conductivity integrals
presented in this section, a linear interpolation was assumed
between the temperature intervals tabulated on the data sheets . )
º e O
Of the metals included, four become superconducting above 4 K.
These metals and their transition temperatures are:
*
Metals Index Transition Temperature
Lead l3. 142-3 7. 22°K
Niobium l3. 151 8.7.5 8.9°K
Tantalum l3. 151 - 4.38.K
Vanadium 13. 151 4. 89 K
The values of the thermal conductivity for these metals below
the superconducting transition temperatures are for the normal state
rather than the superconducting state. -
Several of the data sheets include extrapolated values, and are
so noted on the individual data sheets. The extrapolations are
based on the characteristics of the thermal conductivity curves of
metals in the same series classification. The estimated deviation
of the thermal conductivity integrals over the extrapolated range
is not more than l9% from the probable values.
-
American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
New York (1957) sec. 4, p. 49
VII—A-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of COPPERS
Source of Data ; (a) R. L. Powell, H. M. Roder and W. J. Hall,
to be published
(b) R. L. Powell, H. M. Roder and W. M. Rogers,
J. Appl. Phys. 28, 1282–1288 (1957)
(c) Same as (b).
(d) R. W. Powers, D. Schwartz and H. L.
Johnston, TR 26k-5, Cryogenics Laboratory,
Ohio State University (1951) ll pp.
(e) R. L. Powell and D. O. Coffin, Rev. Sci.
Instr. 26, 516 (1955).
(f) Same as (b).
Comments : (a) High Purity; 99.999% pure, annealed, (Am. Smelt
Ref. - *
(b) Coalesced; 99.98% pure, annealed, (Phelps Dodge)
(c) Electrolytic Tough Pitch; 99.95% pure, annealed
(d) O.F.H.C.; 99.95% pure, annealed
(e) (Pb) Cu; 1% Pb, annealed
(f) (Te) Cu; 0.6% Te, annealed
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-B–1
Xa ‘38n Lw&3dW31
OOZOOIO8O9Oº
OBTIVENNV
A 1180d - || H
S \} E d d O O
! O
Å | | /\ | | O [] 0 N O O TI V W H B H |
O2
d' 1 ' 103TIB （
{peloouuo)
Ol
O Oſ) CO N- QC uſ)
X. ud/ 4DM ‘ALIAILOſ)0NOO TVW83HL
O2
Oº
Oº»
O9
O9
O8
O6
OO !
OOZ

VII-B-2
Temperature, F
—450 — 4OO – 30O –2OO —IOO 32
| | | |
IO,000

~TS
—HIO,000
T
|O
O
O
v
.
N
2-TN
2-
2T
X A
- Z
s s?’
: &
# / 2. N >
| > -
# / / £
| - O
º: 29 O
5 <^ 2' N —HIOOO J
g %||Z \ É
§ 100 -> *
H. Z Z 2 N H.
C
NS
& /
/ Z S-
O /
sº — |OO
&
| O
| | O |OO 3OO
Temper q i u re, K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR COPPER
VII-B-2. 1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for COPPERS
Comments: The six curves were extrapolated to 300°K. The curve for
0.F. H.C. was extrapolated to h"K and the curve for (Pb)Cu was
extrapolated to 6°K. It is estimated that the extrapolated
values do not deviate more than 10% from the probable values.
T T
A L L L
Q = + ! X d'T; Q 7 = l X, dT
L To A To
Where:
Q = heat flow in Watts
A = cross sectional area in emº
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-‘K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (6°K for [Pb ]Cu and [TelCu;
l; “K for all other Coppers)
Thermal Conductivity Integrals are on following page.
Temp. Thermal Conductivity
°K watts/cm-*K
Hi-Purity Elect. (Pb) (Te)
Annealed Coalesced T. P. O. F. H. C. Cu Cu
l; 7O 6.2 3.2 2. lx
6 96 lO. li. 8 3.7% 2.7% 2.2
ö l2O ll. Ö.3 |.7% 3.6% 2.8
|O l3|| 17.5 7.8 6.0% li. 5% 3.l.
15 l2O 23 ll 8.5% 6.3% 5. O
2O 88 2l. l3 ll × 8 % 6.5
25 6O 23 ll. l2 9.2 7.3
30 l;0 22 ll. l2 9.6 7.8
35 28 l8.5 l3 ll 9.5 7. 9
|O 2O lº ll. 5 l O 9 7.7
5O l2 lO 8.6 7.7 6.9 6.6
60 8.O 7.8 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.8
7O o. 2 6.5 5.9 5.5 li. 7 5.2
76 5.7 6.0 5.5 5.2 lº. 5 H.9
3O 5.2 5. 7 5.2 H.9 H.3 H. 6
90 lº. 7 5. l l; .7 lº. 7 lſ. O* l. 3
lOO lº. 5 lº. 8 lº. 5 lº. 5 3.8% l. 2
l2O l. 3 lº. 5 H.3 H.3 3.7% li. O
ll.0 li. 2 l. 3 li. 2 H.2 3.6% 3.8
l60 li.l H.2 li.l H.l 3.6% 3.8
l&O H.O H.2 l.0 l.0 3.6% 3.8
2OO l.0 H.2 H.O l.0 3.6% 3.8
25O li. O l; .2% H.O H.O 3.6% 3.8%
3OO | . O* l!.2% lſ. O% l. Oż 3.6% 3.8%

* Extrapolated Values
VII-B-3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for COPPERS (cont.)

T
Temp. J. L X, dT
To
°K watts/cm
Hi-Purity Elect. (Pb) (Te)
Annealed Coalesced T. P. O. F. H. C. Cu Cu
6 l66 l6.2 8.00 6.l
8 382 l,0.2 19.l ll. 5 6.3 5
l O 636 7l. T 33.2 25.2 ll. H ll. 2
lj 127O lT3 80.2 6l. H. lil. H 32.2
2O l'790 290 ll.0 ll.O 77.2 60.9
25 2l60 l;08 2O8 l68 l2O 95. It
30 2ll0 52O 278 228 l67 l33
35 258O 622 31.5 285 215 l'72
HO 27OO 705 l,06 338 26l 2ll
5O 2860 830 508 l;26 3H- 28l.
60 2960 919 587 l;96 liO3 3||7
TO 3030 991 65l. 55), l;5|| |O2
76 3O7O 1030 686 586 l,8l l;32
CO 3090 lO50 707 606 lig9 l,5l.
9 3lliO llOO 756 65l. 5||O l;96
lOO 318O ll60 8O2 7OO 579 538
l2O 3270 l250 89l 788 65l. 62O
ll.0 3360 l3/10 976 87| 727 698
l60 3||||O ll.20 1060 956 799 77),
18O 3520 ljl O lll:0 lol.0 87l 850
2OO 36OO lj90 L22O ll2O 9113 926
250 38OO l8OO ll;20 l320 ll2O ll2O
3OO |OOO 2OOO. l62O 152O l300 l310
Reprinted from WADD Tech. Report 60-56
VII-B-4
IOO,000
IO,OOO
| OOO
|OO
Temperature, F
–450 — 400 – 30O –2OO –|OO–3
| | |
—|10,000
O Tesld –
_Li-
Aº Ti,
,” Te Slo --
/ 22 *- Tesld =
zºº Tesl OC)
2. € S I C, >
% Tesld º
2. - o
* -5
~5
— IOOO 5
O
G
E
s
-C
H.
—#|OO
|O |OO 3OO
Temperature , K
THERMAL conductivity versus TEMPERATURE FOR COPPERAT
SEVERAL MA GNETIC FIELD STRENGTHS (RRR-1520)


VII-B-4. 1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of SILVER and GOLD
Source of Data: (a) G. K. White, Proc. Phys. Soc.
(London) A66, 8th-845 (1953);
C. H. Lees, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
(London) A208, 381-lil 3 (1908)
º G. K. White, Ibid. (a)
c) G. K. White, Proc. Phys. Soc.
(London) A66, 559-56l. (1953);
W. Meissner, Ann. Physik H.T.,
10Ol-loS8 (1915)
(d) G. K. White, Ibid. (c)
Comments: (a) Silver l; 99.999% pure, annealed, and
99.9% pure (Johnson, Matthey)
(b) Silver 2; 99.999% pure, drawn (Johnson, Matthey)
(c) Gold l; 99.999% pure, annealed (Johnson, Matthey),
99.999% pure, annealed (Mylius)
(d) Gold 2; 99.9% pure, drawn, (Garrett)
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-C-1
Xa ‘BºnLVAJEdWEL
OOİO8O9O$7
C] T1 O 9) p u D \H E /\T||S
J. O
)\|_|_| /\|_LO [] O NO O TIV7|W}} E HIL
2 ^JE AT1||S
O2
O|
O |
O 2
O2
O*;
O9
O8
O O |
OO2
Xe uo/14DM “ALIAILOſmONOO TVW83HL

VII-C-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for SILVER and GOLD
COmments: The curve for Silver 2 was extrapolated to 300°K. It is
estimated that the extrapolated values do not deviate more
than 10% from the probable values.
f TL J.
A L L
- - | dT; * = d
Q L J To X, dT Q A To X, dT
Where:
Q = heat flow in Watts
A = cross Sectional area in cmé
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-*K
T = temperature in “K
To = initial temperature (lººk)
TL
Temp. Thermal Conductivity !. X, dT
O
°K watts/cm-*K watts/cm
Ag l Au l Au 2 | Ag 2 Ag l Au l Au 2 Ag 2
l; l:0 17 l. 2 .l;2
6 l8O 2l; l.9 .68 320 lil.0 3.l l.l
8 17O 28 2.6 .95 670 93.0 7.6 2.73
lO 150 28 3.2 l. 3 990 ll.9 l3.l. l.98
15 98 22 lº.2 l.8 l610 27l, 3l.9 12.7
2O 52 ll, li.l; 2.3 1980 361, 53.4 23.0
25 29 lO l. 3 || 2.5 2190 l;21; 75.2 35.0
30 l8 7.3 l!.O | 2.8 2310 l;67 95.9 l,8.2
35 l3 5.9 3.8 2.9 238O 500 llj 62.5
l;O 9.5 5.0 3.6 2.9 2ll;0 528 l34 77.0
50 6.3 l.0 3.2 2.9 252O 573 168 106
6O 5.0 3.8 3. l 2.9 2570 612 199 135
70 l, .5 3.5 3. l 2.9 262O 6l. 8 230 16l.
76 l; .3 3.l. 3. l 3.0 2650 669 21:9 182
8O l; .2 3.3 3.l 3.l 2670 682 26l 191;
90 H.l 3.3 3.l. 3. l 27.10 715 292 22l,
1OO li.l 3.2 3.l 3.2 2750 7,8 323 256
12O li.l 3.2 3. l 3.3 283O 812 385 32l
ll:0 H.l 3.2 3.l 3.5% 2910 876 lºl,7 389
160 l.l 3.l 3. l 3.7% 2990 939 509 l;6l
18O H.l 3.l 3. l. 3.8% 3O8O lOOO 57l 536
2OO H.l 3.l 3. l 3.8% 316O | 1060 633 612
250 H.l 3.1 3.l 3.8% 3360 | 1220 788 8O2
300 H.l 3.l 3. l 3.8% 357O | 1370 91.3 992

Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
* Extrapolated Values
VII-C-3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of
BERYLLIUM and MAGNESIUM
Source of Data: (a) H.-D. Erfling and E. Gruneisen, Ann.
Physik lil, 89-99 (1912).
(b) G.K. White and S.B. Woods, Can. J.
Physics 33, 58-73 (1955).
(c) W. R. G. Kemp, A.K. Sreedhar and G.K.
White, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) A66,
1077–1078 (1953).
(d) Same as (c)
Comments: (a) Beryllium-l; "high Purity" single crystal,
(Degussa)
(b) Beryllium-2; 2% magnesium, sintered rod,
(Brush)
(c) Magnesium-l; 99.98% pure, annealed in
vacum 3 hours at 350°C, (Johnson, Matthey)
(d) Magnesium-2; 99.98% pure, cold drawn,
(Johnson, Matthey)
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-D-1
3OO
5O
4O
3O
2O
:
4.
:
2O
MAGNESIUM
4C)
TEMPERATURE, *K
6O
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Of
BERYLL |UM
Ond
MAGNESIUM
8O |OO 2OO

;
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for BERYLLIUM and MAGNESIUM
Comments: The four curves were extrapolated to 300°K and the curve for
Beryllium l was also extrapolated to l; “K. It is estimated that
the extrapolated values do not deviate more than loft from the
probable values.
A. ſº L TL
Q = i X d'T; Q = = ſ X dT
To To
Where:
Q = heat flow in watts
A = cross sectional area in cm2
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm- “K
T = temperature in “K
To = initial temperature (l, “K for Beryllium l,
Magnesium l and Magnesium 2; 20°K for Beryllium 2)
TI.
Temp. Thermal Conductivity !. X, dT
O
°K watts/cm-°K watts/cm
Be l Mg l Mg 2 Be 2 Be l | Mg l Mg 2 Be 2
l, 10 + l; .7 2.8
6 16 + 7.8 lº.3 26 l2.5 7.l
8 22 + | 10.1; 5.8 6l. 30.7 17.2
1O 25 + | 12 7.O lll 53.l 30
15 28 + ll; .2 9.3 2ll ll.9 70.7
2O 30 + ll; 10 .59 388 189 ll.9
25 28 12 9.3 .72 53|| || 25l. l67 3.28
30 27 9.5 + 7.8 .85 67l 3O8 210 7.2
35 26 7.5 + | 6.1, .98 8Ol. 350 2k6 ll.8
l:0 25 6.3 + 5.3 l.l 931 || 385 275 lT.O
50 23 l;.5 + | 3.8 l. 35 llTO l;39 32O 29.2
6O 2O 3.5 + 2.8 l.6 1390 l;79 353 lil.0
70 18.l. 2.8 + 2.3 l.8 l58O || 510 379 6l.0
76 17.5 2.6 + 2.l l.9 l680 527 392 72.l
8O 16.5 2.5 + l.9 2.O 1750 538 l:00 79.9
90 lj.0 2.2 + l.T8 2.3 1910 || 560 l;18 lOl
lOO l3.5 l.9 + l.TO 2.5 2O5O 58l l;36 l25
l2O ll.5% l.T + l.63 2.6 23OO 617 l,69 176
ll;0 LO.O+ l.63+ | 1.6l 2. l; * || 252O || 650 5Ol 226
160 8.5% l.6l3: l.61% 2.2 + | 27OO | 682 531; 272
18O 7.5% l.6l3: l.61% l.9 + 2860 || 715 566 313
2OO 6.5% l.6l3: 1.6l3 l.75+ | 3OOO | 7l;7 598 350
250 5.0% l.6l3: l.6l3 l. l; * | 3290 | 827 678 l;29
3OO l!.0% l.61% l.6l3 l.15* | 352O 908 7.59 l;92

Reprinted from WADD
* Extrapolated Values
TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–D–3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of ALUMINUM,
GALLIUM, INDIUM, and THALLIUM
Source of Data: (a) R. A. Andrews, R. T. Webber and D. A. Spohr,
Phys. Rev. 8, 991-996 (1951); R. W. Powers,
D. Schwartz, and H. L. Johnston, TR 261-5,
Cryogenic Laboratory, Ohio State University
ll pp (1951).
(b) R. L. Powell, W. J. Hall and H. M. Roder, to
be published.
(c) H. M. Rosenberg, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
(London) A2l,7, lill-l97 (1955).
(d) Same as (c)
(e) Same as (c)
Comments: (a) Aluminum-l; 99.996% pure, single crystal (Alcoa) and
99.99% pure, cold drawn (Alcoa)
(b) Aluminum-2; 99% commercial pure, (Alcoa) drawn
(c) Gallium; Single crystal
(d) Indium; 99.993% pure, (Johnson, Matthey)
(e) Thallium; 99.99% pure, (Johnson, Matthey)
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–E–1
X • ‘BºnLVAJEdWBL
OOZOO!O8O9OºO2
W ſn | TTV/H. L. pu D ‘W QIQNI
‘W Q | TTV/9 " W O N | W QTV
ļO
„W_|_| /\ | LO Q O NOO TV/VN}} EH || .
| WTON|W
O |
O |
O2
O £
Oº
O9
O8
OO|
Xe uo/40M ‘ALIAILOſhCNOO TVW83HL

VII-E-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for ALUMINUM, GALLIUM, INDIUM and THALLIUM
Comments: The curves for Aluminum-l, Gallium, Indium and Thallium have
been extrapolated to 300°K. It is estimated that the
extrapolated values deviate no more than 10% from the probable
values.
T T
q = } J." ar. q # = Jº at
L To A To
Where:
Q = heat flow in watts
A = cross sectional area in cmé
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-°K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (l, “K)
Thermal Conductivity Integrals are on following page.
Temp. Thermal Conductivity
°K watts/cm-°K
Aluminum-l Aluminum-2 Gallium Indium Thallium
l; 31.5 .5l. 21.0 3. H. 9.8
6 l;2 .8l. 28.0 8.2 H. H.
8 52 l. 2 28.0 6.3 2.3
lO 60 l. HS 23 H. li. l. 5
l; 68 2.2 l2 2. li. .92
2O 55 2.75 6.3 l.8 . 72
25 39 3.2 lº.2 l. liff .62
30 28.5 3.5 3.2 l-2 .57
35 2l 3.75 2.6 l. l. * . 52
l;0 l6 3.8 2.35 L.O 34 . 505%
50 9.5 3.75 2. l. * .9 % . 17 *
60 6.6 3.H. l.85% .81% . l;6 %
TO l.95 3.l l. 8 + .8 + ... lil, k
76 l. 3 2.9 1.75% .79% . l.2 *
8O 3.9 2.8 l. 7 # .77+ . l.2 *
90 3.35 2.6 l. 65% .73% . l.2 +
lOO 3.0 2. li. l. 55% .72% . l.2 *
l2O 2.7 2.3 1.50% .70% . HO %
ll:0 2.5 2.2 l. 1 # .69% . 39 +
l60 2. li. 2.2 l. 1 # .68% . 39 +
l8O 2.35 2.2 l. 1 # .67% . 38 +
2OO 2.35 2.2 l. 1 # .66% . 38 +
250 2.35% 2.2 l. 1 # .66% . 38 +
3OO 2.35% 2.2 l. 1; 4 .66% . 38 +

* Extrapolated Values
VII-E-3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for ALUMINUM, GALLIUM, INDIUM and THALLIUM (cont.)

T
Temp. J. * x at
T
°K watts/cm
Aluminum-l Aluminum-2 Gallium Indium Thallium
6 73.5 l. 38 52 16.6 ll. 2
8 l68 3. l;2 108 3l.l. 20.9
lO 28O 6.07 lj9 ll.8 21.7
lj 6OO lj.2 2116 58.8 30.8
2O 907 27.6 292 69.3 31.8
25 ll.lo l;2. It 3.18 77. l. 38.2
30 l310 59.2 337 81.0 ll. 2
35 ll:30 77.3 352 89.8 H3.9
|O lj30 96.2 36l. 95.0 l;6.5
50 1650 l3|| 386 lol 5l. 3
6O l'710 lTO l,06 ll3 56.0
7O l'790 2O2 l;2|| l2l 60.5
76 l820 22O l:35 l26 63.l
8O l8l.0 232 lil;2 l29 6l. 7
90 l870 258 l,58 l37 68.9
lOO l900 284 l;71, llili 73. l
l2O l960 330 505 l38 8l. 3
ll;0 2OlO 376 53|| lT2 89.2
l60 2O60 l;20 562 l86 97.0
18O 2ll O l;6|| 590 l99 l();
2OO 2160 508 618 2l3 ll2
250 227O 618 688 21.6 l3l
300 2390 728 758 279 l;O
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–E–4
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of TIN and LEAD
Source of Data: (a) H.M. Rosenberg, Phil Trans. Roy. Soc.
(London) A2lyZ, lll-l;97 (1955)
(b) Same as (a) and W. Meissner, Ann.
Physik lºſſ, 1001-1058 (1915)
Comments: (a) Tin: 99.995% pure, single crystal, (Johnson,
Matthey)
(b) Lead: 99.998% pure, single crystal (Tadanac)
and T99.998% pure, cold drawn, (Kahlbaum)
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
WII-F-1
3OO
3O
2O
OO (O uſ) <ľ NO(NJ
– co to un ºr ºn ON
Xa uo/ 44DM ‘ALIAI LOOGNOO TVWXJEHL
>-
H-
>
H-
CD
TD
C)
2
O
CD
–1
<[
>
Cr，
LLI
II
H-
.O8
Ond LEAD
T IN
O5
.O4
O3
2OO
|OO
8O
6O
4O
TEMPERATURE, *K
2O
. IO

VII–F–2
Comments:
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for TIN and LEADt
The curve for Tin was extrapolated to 300°K; the curve for
Lead was extrapolated to l; "K. It is estimated that the
extrapolated values deviate no more than 10% from the probable
values.
T T
– A L L - L
Q = L J. X, dT; Q A T !. X, dT
Where
Q = heat flow in watts
A = cross sectional area in cmé
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-*K
T = temperature in “K
To = initial temperature (l; “K)
TL
Temp. Thermal Conductivity J. X, dT
O
°K watts/cm-°K watts/cm
Tin Lead Tin Lead
l; 25 2O+
6 2k 7.O l;8.0 27.0
8 ll.9 3.3 86.O 37.3
1O 9.l. l.8 ll.0 l;2.4
15 l.O .82 ll;3 h9.0
2O 2.5 .59 159 52.5
25 2.2 .5 17l 55.2
3O 2.0 .l." 181 57.6
35 l.9 .ll. 191 59.9
l;0 1.9% .k2 2Ol 63.3
50 l.9% .lio 22O 69.9
60 l.9% .38 239 73.8
70 l.9% .38 258 77.6
76 l.9% .37 269 79.9
8O l.9% .37 277 81.3
90 l.8% .37 295 85.O
LOO l.8% .36 313 88.7
l2O l.8% .36 31:9 95.9
ll;0 1.8% .36 385 103
160 1.8% .36 l;2l ll.0
l8O 1.8% .36 l,57 llT
2OO l.8% .35 l;93 125
250 l.8% .35 583 ll;2
3OO l.8% .35 673 16O

* Extrapolated Walues t See Second page of the preface.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–F–3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of
WANADIUM, NIOBIUM, and TANTALUM
Source of Data: (a) G. K. White and S. B. Woods, Can. J.
Physics 35, 892-900 (1957)
(b) Same as (a)
(c) H. M. Rosenberg, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
(London) A2k1, lill-h97 (1955)
Comments: (a) Vanadium; 99.9% pure, (Electrometallurgical Co.)
(b) Niobium; :* , annealed in vacuum, (Fansteel
Metal
(c) Tantalum; 99.98% pure, (Johnson, Matthey)
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-G-1
.
.4
O.
.O.9
.O8
.O7
.O6
.O5
.O4.
.O.3
.O2
.O.
4.
2O
NIOBHUM
TANTALUM
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Of
VANADIU M, N | OB I UM,
Gnd
TANTALUM
4O 6O 8O |OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
3OO

:
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALSt
for WANADIUM, NIOBIUM and TANTALUM
Comments: The curves for Vanadium, Niobium and Tantalum have been
extrapolated to 300°K. It is estimated that the extrapolated
values deviate no more than 10% from the probable values.
- * | * * * L - ſº
Q = i J. To X, dT; Q = = To X, dT
Where:
Q = heat flow in Watts
A = cross sectional area in cm3
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-“K
T temperature in “K
To = initial temperature (l, *K)
r TL
Temp. Thermal Conductivity !. X, dT
O
°K watts/cm-°K watts/cm
Niobium Tantalum Wanadium Niobium Tantalum Wanadium
h .26 ..l.9 .02l a .
6 .36 .23 .034 .620 .380 .O55
8 . H6 .30 .Ol;8 l, lili .9l O .l37
lO . 55 .38 .062 2. lº l. 59 .2117
lj . T2 .55 .093 5.62 3.92 .634
2O .8l. .63 ..l.20 9.52 6.86 l.l7
25 .88 .68 •ll:3 13.8 10.l. l.82
30 .87 .67 .l6l. l8.2 l3.5 2.59
35 .80 .65 .l&O 22. li. l6.8 3.115
l:0 .7l; .63 - .l.96 26.2 2O.O l. 39
5O .65 .60 .215 33.2 26.2 6.1.5
6O .58 .60 .225 39.3 32.2 8.65
70 .5l. .60 • 23 lil.9 38.2 lC).9
76 .53 .60 .235 l:8.l lºl.8 l2.3
8O . 52 .60 .24 30.2 lili.2 l3.3
90 .5l. .6l .2k5 55. h. 50.2 lj. T
lCO .51% .6l .21.5% 60.5 56.3 18.l.
l2O .50% .6l3: .21.5% 70.6 68.5 23.0
ll,0 .50% .62% .2k5% 80.6 80.8 27.9
160 .50% .63% .25 + 90.6 93.3 32.9
18O .50% .65% .25 + l,0l. 106 37.9
2OO .50% .66% .25 + ll.0 ll.9 l;2.9
250 .50% .68% .25 + l36 l;3 55. l.
3OO .50% .69% .25 + l60 187 67.9
* Extrapolated Values t See second page of the preface.

Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-G-3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CHROMIUM,
MOLYBDENUM, and TUNGSTEN
Source of Data: (a) A. F. A. Harper, W. R. G. Kemp, P.G.
Klemens, R. J. Tainsh, and G. K. White,
Phil. Mag. 2, 577–583 (1957).
(b). H. M. Rosenberg, Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc. (London) A2lyZ, llll-l.97 (1955);
W. G. Kannaluik, Proc. Roy. Soc.
(London) Allil, 159-168 (1933)
(c) . W. J. de Haas and J. de Nobel, Physica
5, lil, 9-l;63 (1938) -
Comments: (a) Chromium: 99.998% pure, recrystallized.
(b) Molybdenum; 99.95% pure and 99.8% pure
(c) Tungsten; Philips, single crystal
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–H–1
OOZ
Xa º 3&nLw&3dWEL
OO!O9O9OłyO?
N3||S$)N(\J
Wn|WQHHO
- • • • •---
N.B. LS9 NT1||
puD
‘WONE CIGATOW 'Wºn I WOMJHO
ļO
ALIAI LondNOTV/W}} BH_L
-r--r--r-r-
--4--4 · 4- -
ETTTI
Ol
Xe uo/ .40M ‘ALIAILOſ)CNOO TVWH3HL

VII–H–2
Comments:
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM and TUNGSTEN
probable values.
^T
Q = # / * x āſ;
L To
Where:
Q = heat flow in watts
A =
L = length in cm
X =
T = temperature in ‘’K
T_ =
CrOSS Sectional area in cm2
o = initial temperature (l; “K)
It is estimated that
thermal conductivity in watts/cm-°K
The curve for Chromium was extrapolated to 300°K; the curve
for Tungsten was extrapolated to lº’K.
the extrapolated values do not deviate more than 10% from the

ſTL
Temp. Thermal Conductivity J. X, dT
O
°K watts/cm-*K watts/cm
Cr Mb W Cr Mb W
l; l. 62 .62 |6%
6 2.5 .90 67% H. l.2 l. 52 ll.9
8 3.3 l. 20 83% 9.92 3.62 282
lO H.0 l. 50 lOO% l".2 6.32 l,72
l; 5. l. 2.25 86 l;0.0 lS. 7 937
2O 5.6 2.9 5|| 66.7 28.6 l290
25 5.7 3. li. 28 95.0 lili. 3 l;00
3O 5. It 3. T l; l23 62.l l600
35 5.0 3.75 9. O ll.9 80. 7 | loéO
l;0 H.2 3.6 6.5 l'72 99.l 1700
50 3.2 3.2 lı.2 209 l33 l'76O
60 2. li. 2.7 3.3 238 l63 l'790
7O 2.0 2.3 2.8 260 188 l82O
76 l.9 2.2 2.6 272 2Ol l8l.0
8O 1.8 2.1. 2.5 28O 2l O l85O
90 l. 65 l.86 2.3 297 229 l880
lOO l. 53 l. 711 2.2 313 21.7 l900
l2O l, HO l. 57 l.93 31.2 28l l910
ll. O l. 35 l. H7 l.85 370 3ll l980
l60 ..l.32% l. lil l.80 396 31:0 2Ol O
l8O l. 30% l. lo l. T8 l;22 368 2O5O
2OO l. 30% l. 38 l. 76 liliğ 396 2O8O
25O l.25% l. 37 l.TO 512 l,6l. 217O
3OO l.25% l. 37 l.TO 575 533 2260
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
* Extrapolated Values
VII–H-3
Source of Data:
Comments: (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of
IRON,
(a)
(
b
)
(c)
Iron;
COBALT, and NICKEL
H.M. Rosenberg, Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc. (London) A217, lllll-l;97 (1955)
R.W. Powers, J. B. Ziegler and
H. L. Johnston, TR 261-6, Cryogenics
Laboratory, Ohio State University,
17 pp (1951)
G.K. White and S. B. Woods, Can. J.
Physics 35, 656-665 (1957)
W. F. ( . Kemp, P. G. Klemens, and
G.K. White, Aust. J. Physics 9,
i8C – 188 (1956)
R. W. Powers, D. Schwartz and H. L.
Johnston, TR 2611–5, Cryogenic
Laboratory, Ohio State University
11 pp (1951)
99.99% pure, annealed, (Johnson,
Matthey) and 99.99% pure, (Johnson, Matthey)
Cobalt; 99.99% pure, annealed, Johnson,
Mat
y)
Nickel-l; 99.99% pure, annealed, (Johnson,
Matthey)
Nickel-2: 99% pure (Int. Nickel)
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-I-1
X： ‘BºnLw&3dWBL
OO）2OOIO8O9Oº
TEXAOIN puo º LTV GOO ‘NOMJI
4O
/\_|_| /\|_LO []Q NOO TTV/W}} BH_L
2 TEXO IN
O2
_LTV78||OO
O!
- on co - Go to
M. uo/40M ‘AAAILongNoo TVW83HL

VII-I-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for IRON, COBALT and NICKEL
Comments: The curves for Cobalt and Nickel l were extrapolated to 300°K;
the curve for Nickel 2 was extrapolated to 6°K. It is
estimated that the extrapolated values do not deviate more
than 10% from the probable values.
T T
Q = # ! * x d'I, Q # - l + x d'I
To To
Where:
Q = heat flow in watts
A = cross Sectional area in cm.”
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-“K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (6°K for Nickel 2; l; "K for
all others)
TL
Temp. Thermal Conductivity J. X, dT
To
°K watts/cm-°K watts/cm
Ni l Co Fe Ni 2 Ni l CO Fe Ni 2
l; l.T l. 20 .72
6 3. l; l.8 l. 1 ..l + 5.10 3.00 l.82
8 5.0 2. l; l.lib. .ll.” l3.5 7.2O H.36 .2l;0
lO 6.2 3.0 l.8 .17% 21.7 l2.6 7.60 .550
l; 7.9 H.l 2.5 .27% 60.0 30.1; 18.1; l.65
2O 8.O lı.6 3.0 .35% 99.7 52.l 32.l 3.20
25 7.8 l; .7 3.3 . l;2+ | 139 75.l. l;7.9 5.13
3O 6.8 l, .5 3.5 .l.9% | 176 98.l. 61.9 7.38
35 5.7 H.l 3.l. .53 2O7 l2O 82.l 9.90
l;0 l!.7 3.7 3.3 .58 233 139 98.9 12.7
50 3.3 3. O 2.7 .65 273 173 l29 18.8
6O 2.6 2.5 2.3 .70 302 2OO ljl, 25.6
70 2.2 2.3 l.9 .73 326 22l; 175 32.7
76 2.0 2.l l.8 .75 339 238 186 37.2
8O l.87 l.95 l.T .76 3h7 21,6 l93 l;0.2
90 l.TO l.8l l. 5 .77 365 261, 209 l;7.8
lOO l.60 l.TO l. 37 .78 381 282 223 55.6
l2O l.h5 l.60 l. 19 .80 lil2 315 21:9 71.l.
ll;0 l. 39 l. 50 l.Ol; .80 lºl;0 31.6 27l 87.1,
l60 l. 33% l. l;7 .95 .8O l;67 376 291 103
l8O l. 31* l. l.2% .90 .80 l;91, l,05 310 ll.9
2OO l. 3O+ l. l. O% .88 .8O 52O l:33 327 l35
250 l. 3O+ l.37% .83 .78 585 5O2 37O 175
3OO l. 3O+ | 1.35% .8l .76 650 570 lill 213

* Extrapolated Values
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-I-3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF RHODIUM,
PALLADIUM, IRIDIUM, AND PLATINUM
Source of Data: (a) G.K. White and S.B. Woods, Can. J.
Physics 35, 218-257 (1957); R.W.
Powell and R. P. Tye, "Int. Conf. on
Low Temp" Paris, Sept. 1955.
(b) W. R.G. Kemp , P.G. Klemens, A.K.
Sree dhar, and G.K. White, Phil. Mag.
l6, 811–81 (1955).
(c) H.M. Rosenberg, Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc. (London) A2ly 7, llll-l.97 (1955);
R.W. Powell and R. P. Tye, "Int. Conf.
on Low Temp" Paris, Sept. 1955.
(d) H.M. Rosenberg, Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc. (London) A2lyZ, lºlil-l97 (1955);
W. Meissner, Ann. Physik liſ', 1001–
1058 (1915.
Comments: (a) Rhodium; 99.99% pure, annealed, (Johnson,
Matthey) and 99.9% pure, annealed, *
(Johnson, Matthey)
(b) Palladium: 99.99% pure, annealed, (Johnson,
Matthey)
(c) Iridium; 99.995% pure, annealed, (Johnson,
Matthey) and 99.9% pure, annealed,
(Johnson, Matthey)
(d) Platinum: 99.999% pure, annealed, (Johnson,
º and "very pure", annealed
Heraeus).
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII—J–1
3OO
5O
4O
3O
RHODIUM
2O
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Of
RHODIUM, PALLADIUM
| RIDIUM, and PLATINUM
.
4 6 8 |O 2O 4O 6O 8O |OO 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K

:
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for RHODIUM, PALLADIUM, IRIDIUM and PLATINUM
Comments: The thermal conductivity curve for Palladium has been
extrapolated to 300°K. It is estimated that the extrapolated
values deviate no more than 10% from the probable values.
TL T
Q = # J. X d'T; Q # = J. L X, dT
To To
Where:
Q = heat flow in watts
A = cross Sectional area in cmé
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-°K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (l, “K)
TL
Temp. Thermal Conductivity J. X, dT
To
°K watts/cm-°K - - watts/cm
Rh Ir Pd Pt Rh Ir PCl Pt.
l; l2 5.5 7.7 9.2 -
6 l6.7 8.0 9.8 l2 29.0 l3.5 l'7.5 2l. 2
8 22 lC).2 ll.O l3 68.0 31. T 38.3 l6.2
lO 26 12.2 ll. 3 l2.2 ll6 5l.l 60.6 7l. It
lj 36 l6.6 9.2 8 27l l26 ll2 l22
2O 37 lS 6 li. 7 l,5l. 215 150 15||
25 30 17.5 l, 3 62l 306 l'75 l'73
30 22 l3.8 3 2.2 75l. 385 l92 186
35 ll. 5 9.7 2.3 l.T 8|12 ||||B 2O6 l96
l:0 lO 7.l. l.8 l. H. 90l. l,87 216 2O3
5O 5.7 lº. 6 l. 2 l-l 982 515 231 2ló
6O 3.7 3.3 l.O .95 1030 585 21.2 226
7O 2.9 2.6 .88 .86 lO60 6ll; 25l. 235
76 2.6 2. li. .85 .83 lO&O 629 256 2lQ
8O 2. li. 2.2 .83 .8l 1090 639 26O 2ll
90 2.l. l.95 .8l .78 lll.0 659 268 25l.
lOO l.88 l. 76 .80 .76 ll3O 677 276 259
l2O l. 65 l. 55 .80 . T3 ll 70 71O 292 27l.
lio l. 55 l. 50 .80 . T2 l2OO 7ll 3O8 288
l60 l.5l. l. H8 .79 . Tl l230 771 32! 303
18O l. 50 l. H8 .79% .7O l260 8OO 31:0 317
2OO l. 50 l. Hö .79% .7O 1290 830 356 33l
250 l. 50 l. H8 .79% .7O l360 90l. 396 366
3OO l. 50 l. H8 .79% . TO lilſo 978 l:36 HOl

* Extrapolated Values
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII—J–3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of COPPER ALLOYS
Source of Data: (a) R. L. Powell, H. M. Roder, and W. M. Rogers,
J. Appl. Phys. 28, 1282–1288 (1957).
(b) Same as (a)
(c) R. Berman, E. L. Foster, H. M. Rosenberg,
Brit. J. Appl. Physics, 6, 181-182 (1955).
(d) R. Berman, Phil. Mag. l.2, 612-650 (1951);
C. H. Lees, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
(London) A208, 381-lil:3 (1908).
(e) C. H. Lees, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London)
A208, 381-lil 3 (1908). -
(f) Same as (a)
Comments: (a) Phos. Deox. Copper; 0.027% P, 99% Cu,
Commercial hard temper.
(b) (Pb) Brass; 35.7% Zn, 3.27% Pb, 1% Sn, 60% Cu,
hard temper.
(c) Beryllium Copper; 2% Be, 98% Cu, held at 300°C
for two hours.
(d) German Silver; l,7% Cu, H1% Zn, 9% Ni, 2% Pb.;
and 63%, Cu, 22% Zn, 15% Ni.
(e) Manganin; 84% Cu, 12% Mn, lº, Ni.
(f) Silicon Bronze; 3.15% Si, 1.13% Mn, 1% Zn,
91% Cu, hard temper.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-K–1
O8
.O6
O5
.O4
.O3
O2
.O
OO8
.OO6
.OO6
4.
2O
DEOX, COPPER
<!-- -
MANGAN!N
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Of
COPPER ALLOYS
4O 6O 8O IOO 2OO
TEMPERATURE, "K

i
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for COPPER ALLOYS
Comments: For the data tabulated below, the curves have been extrapolated
as follows: Phos. Deox. Copper to h"K; Silicon Bronze to 6°K
and 300°K; Manganin to 20°K; (Pb) Brass and Beryllium Copper to
3OO "K. It is estimated that the extrapolated values deviate no
more than 10% from the probable values.
T T
a- Jº war, a #- J." ºn
To To
Where:
Q = heat flow in watts
A = cross sectional area in cm2
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-"K
T = temperature in “K
... To = initial temperature (l; “K for German Silver,
Beryllium Copper, [Pb ] Brass and Phos. Deox. Copper;
6°K for Silicon Bronze; 20°K for Manganin)
Thermal Conductivity Integrals are on following page.
Temp. Thermal Conductivity
°K watts/cm-°K
Phos. Deox Silicon & (Pb) || Beryllium German
Copper Bronze Manganin Brass Copper Silver
l; .O67% .O2l . OlS .OO68
6 .109 .006* .032 .O28 .Olz8
8 ..lj2 ...Ol + .0ll, .038 .02
1O .196 ..Olb+ .056 .Olić .028
15 .32 .O25 .09 .O76 .052
2O .53 .034 .Ol;6% ..l22 .106 .O73
25 .63 .Ol;3 .O61% .lj3 .l33 .092
3O .72 .052 .O8 + .183 .162 •ll
35 .8l .06l .09 + .2l .186 .122
l;O .O7 . LO + .2k .2l .133
50 .96 .083 ..ll. * .28 .26 .ll:8
6O l.08 .096 ... l.2 + .33 .3 .158
7O l.18 .108 ..l3 + .37 .34 .162
76 l.2 .ll2 .13 + .38 .35 .l65
8O l.27 .llê .13 + .l.05 .37 .167
90 l. 35 .l.26 .13.5% .lil: . l; + .ló9
LOO l.kl .136+ .ll. # ..l7 .l.2% .l7
l2O l. 52 .15 + .ll.3 .53% . l;8% .173
ll.0 l.62 .16 + .15 .6 % .5l;4 ..l78
16O l.T2 .l7 * .lj6 .65% .58% .185
18O l.83 .18 + .162 .7 + .62% .192
2OO l.92 .19 + .l7 .75% .65% .2O5
250 2.l .2O % .19% .85% .7 + .23
300 2.2 .22 + .22 .9 % .80% .2k

* Extrapolated Values
VII-K–3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for COPPER ALLOYS (cont.)

T
J." at
T
Temp.
O
°K watts/cm
Phos. Deox. Silicon Manganin (Pb) Beryllium German
Copper Bronze Brass Copper Silver
6 .l76 .053 .Ol;7 .0l.96
8 . H37 .Oló ..l.29 •ll3 .052];
lO .785 .0ll . 229 .lö9 ..l.00
15 2.08 ..lil .5911 .l.99 .300
2O 3.95 .288 l. 12 .951 .6l3
25 6.35 . Höl .275 l.8l. l. 55 l.02
30 9.25 . 718 . 635 2.65 2.29 l. 53
35 l2.6 l.OO l.06 3.63 3.l6 2. ll
|O l6. It l. 33 l.5l. li. "6 H.lº 2.75
5O 25.3 2.09 2.58 7.36 6.50 H.15
6O 35.5 2.99 3.7l; 10. H 9.30 5.68
7O |6.8 li. Ol l.98 l3.9 l2.5 7.28
76 53.9 l!.67 5.76 l6.2 ll. 6 8.26
8O 58.9 5.l3 6.28 l'ſ. 7 16.0 8.93
90 72.0 6.35 7.6l 22. O l9.9 10.6
100 85.8 7.66 8.98 26.5 21.0 l2.3
L2O ll.9 10.5 ll.8 36.5 33.0 lj. T
ll.0 ll;6 13.6 ll. 7 l;7.8 H3.2 19.2
l60 18O l6.9 l'7.8 60.3 5l. H. 22.9
l8O 215 20. li. 2.l.. O 73.8 66. It 26.6
2OO 253 2h.l 21.3 88.3 T9.l 30.6
25O 353 33.9 33. H. l28 ll3 lºl. 5
300 l6l lili. H. l:3.8 172 ljQ 53.2
Reprinted from WADD TECH.
REPORT 60-56
VII-K-4
.
Temperoture, F
—450 –400 – 300 –2OO –|OO 32
|OO
| | | |
—||O
|O Z
/ —
|
/
— O.]
O.
| |O |OO 3OO

Temperature, K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE
"FOR COPPER ALLOY 98 CU-2 BE
VII-K-5
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of COPPER-MICKEL
and SILVER ALLOYS
Source of Data 3 (a) I. Estermann and J. E. Zimmerman,
J. Appl. Phys. 23, 578–588 (1952)
(b) Same as (a).
(c) R. L. Powell, Unpublished (1953)
(d) R. Berman, Phil. Mag. H2, 642–650 (1951);
R. W. Powers, J. B. Zeigler and H. L.
Johnston, TR 261–8, Ohio State Univ. (1951).
Comments: (a) Cu-ri (amnealed; 90% Cu, 10% Ni; annealed
(b) Cu-Ni (cold); 90% Cu, 10% Wi; cold-worked
(c) Ag-solder; 50% Ag, 15.5% Cu, 16.5% Zn, 18% Ca
(d) Constantan; 60% Cu, h0% Wi; and 55% Cu, h9% Ni.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–L-1
× … “Bºn Lvºł3dWEL
O+;
OO2OO2OOI O8O9O2
S/NOTTIV/ \-] E/\T||S
puD
T] EX O | N – }} |E|c|c} O O
4O
)\||/\|_LO []O] NOO TV/W （HE H_L
N\7_LN\/]_SNOO
Oſ
| O
2Oſ
ÇO’
ºOº
9Oſ
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8Oº
6Oſ
Go tº Go to
37
8OOT
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Xe uo/ 14 DM ‘ALIAILOſhCNOO TVW83HL

VII-L-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for COPPER-NICKEL and SILVER ALLOYS
Comments: The curves for Cu-Ni (annealed), Cu-Ni (cold) and Ag-Solder
were extrapolated to 300°K. The curve for Ag-Solder was also
extrapolated to l; “K. It is estimated that the extrapolated
values do not deviate more than 10% from the probable value.
T - T
a - J." x ºr a; - J." at
To To
Where:
Q = heat flow in watts
A = cross sectional area in cmé
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-*K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (l, "K)
TL
Temp. Thermal Conductivity !. X, dT
O
°K watts/cm-*K watts/cm
Ag Cu-Ni Cu-Ni Con- Ag Cu-Ni Cu-Ni Con-
SOlder Anneal. COld Stantan Solder Anneal. Cold Stantan
l .O.22% . Oll .0O83 .OO80
6 .O37% .023 .Oló .0lS8 .059 .031 .02h .02+
8 .O.52% .038 .027 .026 .ll:8 .095 .067 .066
lO .O.68% .O57 .037 .036 .268 ..l.90 •l3l .l28
l; ..] O % ..106 .07 .063 . 688 . 353 .399 .375
2O .l.24 .16 ... 103 .O88 l. 25 l.02 .831 .753
25 .ll;2 .2l ..l37 ..l.08 l.92 l.9l; l. H3 l. 2;
30 .ló .25 .l7 •l2 2.67 3.09 2.2O l.8l
35 .lö .28 .2O ..l32 3.52 H. H.2 3. l.2 2. lili
|O . 20 .32 .23 .ll. li. HT l.92 li. 20 3. l.2
5O .23 . 35 .28 •lp 6.62 9.27 6.75 lº. 57
6O .27 . 37 .32 .ló 9. l.2 l2.9 9.75 6.l2
7O .30 .38 .34 .l65 l2.0 l6.6 l3.0 7.75
76 .33 .38 .36 .l69 l3.9 l8.9 lj.l 8.75
8O .3|| .38 . 37 .l7O lj. 2 20. li. l6.6 9. 113
90 . 37 .38% .38% . 170 l8.7 21.2 20. li. ll.l
l OO . HO .38% . HO+ ..l70 22.6 28.0 24.3 l2.8
L2O . lº .39% . l.2% ..l71 3l.l 35.7 32.5 l6.2
ll:0 . 50 .39% . l.2% .l7h l,0.6 l3.5 l;0.9 l9. T
l60 .5l. .39% . l.2% .l80 5l.O 5l. 3 h9.3 23.2
l8O .58 .39% . l.2% .lö3 62.2 59. l 57.7 26.9
2OO .60 . |0% . l.2% .l.9 71.0 67.O 66.l 30.6
250 .65% . |O% . l.2% .2l 105 87.O 87.l. 10.6
3OO .68% ..] O.3% . H.2% .23 l38 107.0 lo&. 5l. 6

* Extrapolated Walues
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-L-3
Temperature, F
– 450
– 400 –3OO – 200 —IOO
32

|OO |
|
|
2^
/
/
O.
| |O
Temperature, K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR
COPPER ALLOY 9 O CU– 10 NI
|OO
3OO
VII-L-4
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of ALUſ MUNUM ALLOYS
Source of Data: (a) R. L. Powell, W. J. Hall, and H. M. Roder,
tº be published (1958)
fo) Same as (a)
(2 : Same as (a)
(d) R. W. Powers, J. B. Ziegler, and
H. L. Johnston, TR 26-7, Cryogenics
Laboratory, Ohio State University 10 pp. (1951)
(e) Same as (a)
(f) Same as (a)
(g) Same as (d)
(h) Same as (a)
Comments: (a) lloo-F; Alcoa, 99% Al, as fabricated. -
(b) 6063ETs; Alcoa, 0.1% Si, O.7% Mg, 98.5% Al, as
fabricated.
(c) #. Alcoa, l.2% Mn, 98.5% Al, as fabricated.
(d) IS; 0.16% Cu, l.02% Mg, l.20% Mn, 0.52% Fe,
O. l.2% Si, O.02% Cr, 0.02% Ti. w
(e) 5052-0; 0.25% Cr, 2.5% Mg, 97% Al, annealed.
(f) 515-0, 0.25% Cr, 3.5% Mg, 96% Al, annealed.
(g) T5-S; l.5% Cu, 5.5% Zn, 2.5% Mg, O.2% Mn,
Ö.3% Cr. +
(h) 2024-Th; 0.6% Mn, l.5% Mg, k, 5% Cu, 93% Al,
solution heat treated.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
WII–M-1
OO2
OOZ
XI o ‘38 n.lv}}3dWBL
OO|O8O9Ot»
S/NOTIT\7 WQN ||WT-TV7
ļO
)\|_|_| /\|_|_Of|O NOO TV/W}} BH_L
f7_L - †>2O2
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9O”
ZO”
8Oº
6O°
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– a co - © to
Xo uo/44DM ‘ALIAILOſhCNOO TVW83HL

VII–M-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for ALUMINUM ALLOYS
COmments: The Thermal Conductivity curves for H S, 75 S and 2024-Tl have been
extrapolated to li "K. The curve for 515ll-O has been extrapolated
to 300 °K. It is estimated that the extrapolated values deviate
no more than 10% from the probable values.
# J. ºr a #. J.”
Q = L To X d'T; Q A = T X. dT
O
Where:
Q = heat flow in Watts
A = cross Sectional area in emº
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-*K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (l, “K)
The Thermal Conductivity Integrals are on the following page.

Temp. Thermal Conductivity
°K watts/cm-°K
ll.00-F | 6063–T5 || 3003–F l; S 5052-0 || 51511-0 75 S 2O2H-Tl,
l; .55 .31; •ll .O.53% .Olig .Oll .O37% .O3%
6 .83 .5l .165 .O78% ..O7 .062 .O.57% .05
8 l. l? .69 .23 ..l.05% .O93 .O85 .O78% .067
lO l.l. .86 .27 .13 + ..l2 .108 ..] O % .083
l; 2.2 l. 3 .l;2 .2O % .19 .163 . 15 + . 127
2O 2.8 l.T .56 .27 4 .25 .23 . 20 % .165
25 3.3 2.0 .7O .3|| .32 .28 .25 . 20
3O 3.6 2.3 .82 .kl .38 .33 .31 .2l;
35 3.8 2.6 .95 ...h6 .lil, .38 .36 .28
l;0 3.9 2.7 1.05 .5l. .50 . H3 .l.0 .32
5O 3.7 2.8 l. 20 .62 .59 .5l .l.9 .38
60 3.1; 2.7 l. 30 .7O .68 .59 .55 .h5
7O 3. l 2.5 l. 38 .77 .73 .66 .6l .5l
76 2.9 2. l; l. HO .8O .77 .68 .6l. .5l.
8O 2.8 2.3 l.l..] 8l .79 .7O .66 .56
90 2.6 2.2 l.l;5 .87 .8l. 75 .7O 6l
lOO 2.5 2. l l. 50 .90 .89 .8O .75 65
l2O 2.3 2.05 l. 5l .98 .96 .88% .83 .73
ll.0 2.25 2. O l.5l. l.06 l. Oli .96% .90 .8O
l60 2.2O 2.O l. 58 l.ll l.08 l. Olºk .96 .87
18O 2. 20 2.O l.60 l. 18 l. 16 l. LO3% l. OO .93
2OO 2. lo 2.O l.60 l. 2; l. 20 l. llº l. O5 .98
25O 2. lo 2. O l.60 l. 37 l. 33 l.27% l. 10 l. lo
300 2. l C 2.O l.60 l.l;8 l.l;2 l. 38% l. 10 l. 20
* Extrapolated Values
VII–M-3

TL
Temp. J. X, dT
To
°K watts/cm
ll OO-F | 6063–T5 3003–F l; S 5052-0 515l-O 75-S 2O2l-Tl,
6 l. 38 .85O .275 . 131 ..ll.9 ... lo2 .091, .O8O
8 3.33 2.05 .67O .311, .282 .25O .229 . 197
lO 5.85 3.60 l.l7 .5l.9 .l.95 .ll.3 .l. O7 .317
lj ll.9 9. OO 2.90 l. 37 l. 27 l. 12 l. O3 .872
2O 27. li. 16.5 5.31, 2.55 2.37 2.10 l.9l l.60
25 l;2.6 25.8 8.50 l, .OV 3.80 3.38 3.03 2.5l
3O 59.9 36.5 l2.3 5.95 5. 55 l; .90 lº. l.2 3.6l
35 78.l. l,8.8 l6.7 8.17 7.60 6.68 6.ll lı.9l
l, O 97.6 62.0 21.7 lo.7 9.95 7.70 8. Ol 6.ll
5O l36 89.5 33. O l6.5 15.l. l2.l. l2.l. 9.9l
6O lTl ll 7 l;5.5 23.l 21.7 17.9 lT.6 ll. 1
7O 2Ol. ll:3 58.9 30.5 28.8 2l; .2 23.6 l8.9
76 222 158 67.2 35.2 33.3 28.2 27.l 22. O
8O 233 l67 72.8 38.l. 36.l. 30.9 29.7 21.2
90 26O 190 87.l l;6.8 lºlº.6 38.2 36.5 3O. l
lOO 286 2ll LO2 55.7 53.2 l;5.9 l;3.8 36.3
12O 331; 253 l32 71.5 71.7 62.7 59.6 50. l
ll;0 379 293 l62 91.9 91.7 8l.l 76.9 65. l.
l6O l;2l; 333 1911 ll 7 ll3 lOl 95.5 82.l
18O l,68 373 225 l39 l35 L22 ll 5 LOO
2OO 5ll l;13 257 16], 159 llili l36 ll.9
25O 616 513 337 229 222 2O5 189 17l
3OO 721 6l3 l;17 3OO 291 27l 2ll, 229
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60–56
;
Temperature, F
— 45 O — 4 OO –3OO – 200 —IOO 32
|OOO | | | | |
— 20 O
2- N
A i--
— |OO
|OO Z
//
—H |O
|O
—||
º |O |OO 3OO

Temperature, K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR
A LUMINUM ALLOY 1 1 OO-O
VII–M-5
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
of NICKEL ALLOYS
Source of Data: (a) I. Estermann and J. E. Zimmerman,
J. Appl. Phys. 23, 578–588 (1952) ;
R.W. Powers, J.B. Ziegler, and
H. L. Johnston, TR 2611–8, Cryogenics
Laboratory, Ohio State University
(1951) 11 pp.
(b) Same as (a).
(c) Same as (a) ,
(d) I. Estermann and J. E. Zimmerman,
J. Apple Phys. 23, 578-588 (1952).
(e) J. Karweil and K. Schafer, Ann.
Physik 36, 567-577 (1939); R. W.
Powers, J. B. Ziegler, and H. L.
Johnston, TR 26||-8, Cryogenics
Laboratory, Ohio State University
(1951) 11 pp.
Comments: (a) Monel; annealed; and 67%N1, 30% Cu, l. 1%
Fe, T.I.0%tºn, O. 15% C, 0.1% Si, O.Ol£ S,
hot-rolled
(b) Monel: Hard-drawn: and 67% Ni, 30% Cu, l. l?
Fe, T.I.0% Mn, 0.15% C. O.1% Si, 0.01% S,
Cold-rolled
(c) Inconel; Annealed; and 80% Ni, lliſ Cr, 6% Fe.
(d) Inconel; Hard-drawn
(e) Contracid; 60% Ni, 15% Cr, 16% Fe, 7% Mo;
{\rºl .05% Ni, ll. 71% Cr, 15.82% Fe,
7.2% Mo, 2.llº, Mn, 0.05% C.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-N-1
OO2
Xa º 3&nlwłJEdW31
OOZOO |O8O9Of>
SAOTIV I B » O IN
! O
„\ | | /\ | | O [] Q N O O TIV7. W \! E HIL
C||O\/\}_L NOO
O2
NOON |
(unaoup)
T] EN
O |
G2OO“
2OO”
t»OOº
GOO“
9OO“
ZOO”
8OO“
6OO”
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ZO”
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92°

VII-N-2
for .NICKEL ALLOYS
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
COmments: The curve for Inconel (annealed) has been extrapolated to
300°K. It is estimated that the extrapolated values deviate
no more than 10% from the probable values. -
T T
Q J. L X. dT; Q # = J. L X, dT
To To
Where: .
Q = heat flow in Watts
A = cross Sectional area in cm
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-‘K
T = temperature in ‘’K -
To = initial temperature (6°K for Contracid; l; “K for
all other Nickel Alloys)
Thermal Conductivity Integrals are on following page.
Temp. Thermal Conductivity
°K watts/cm-*K
Monel MOnel Inconel Inconel * e
(Annealed) (Drawn) (Annealed) (Drawn) Contracid
l .OO85 .00113 .OOl;8 .OO252
6 . OljQ .OO8O .OO85 .00116 .0036
8 . O22 . Olſzó . Ol30 .OO68 .OO52
|O .030 .Olſh . Ol'75 .OO92 .OO67
lj . Ojl .030 .029 .Oló • Oll
2O .O7O .013 .0ll .023 ..Olö5
25 .O88 .057 . O53 .029 .O3].
30 ..l.OO .069 .063 .036 .0ll
35 .ll.0 .08O .O72 .0113 . Olig
|O ..l2O .O90 .080 .050 .O55
5O .l33 •ll O .09|| .062 .062
6O ..ll.3 ..l2O ..l.03 .073 .O67
7O ..l.90 ..l30 ..ll.O .O85 .O7O
76 .155 .135 •llp .O90 .O72
8O .l60 .ll.0 .ll.8 .095 .073
90 ..ló5 ..ll:7 . l.2O ..lO5% .O75
LOO ..l7O ..l.92 .123 ..ll.3% .O78
l2O .l&O .ló3 .127 . l.27% .08l
ll.0 .lö6 ..l73 . 129 .137% .08);
l60 ..l.9l .182 . 130 .ll;6% .089
18O .2OO ..l.90 ..l32 ..l.92% .092
2OO .2l O .l.98 . 135 .16Ox .096
250 .22O .210 .lhº ..l70% .108
300 .230 .22O . 152 ..l.80% .ll&

* Extrapolated Values
VII-N-3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for NICKEL ALLOYS (cont.)

TL
Temp. J. X, dT
To
°K watts/cm
MOnel Monel Inconel Inconel Contracid
(Annealed) (Drawn) (Annealed) (Drawn)
6 .0235 .0l 23 .0l 33 .OO712
8 .0605 .0329 .03||8 .Olö5 .OO88O
l_O •ll2 .0629 .0653 .03115 .02O7
lj .315 .löl ..l&2 .0975 .O650
2O .6l3 .361 .356 ..l.95 ..l39
25 l. Ol .6ll . 592 . 325 .262
30 l. 1,8 .929 .882 . |88 ... lil;2
35 2.0l l. 30 l. 22 .685 .667
l;0 2.58 l. T3 l. 60 .9l8 .927
5O 3.85 2.73 2. l;7 l. H8 l. 5l.
6O 5.23 3.88 3. liº 2. lº 2. lé
TO 6.69 5.l3 lº. 52 2.91. 2.8l
76 7.6l 5.92 5.19 3. li.T 3.29
8O 8.21, 6. l;7 5.66 3.8l. 3.56
90 9.86 7.9l 6.85 lº.8.l., l; .30
lOO ll. 5 9.l.0 8.06 5.93 5.06
l2O lj.0 l2.6 10.6 8.33 6.65
ll.0 l8.7 lj.9 l3. l ll. O 8.30
l60 22.5 l9.5 15. 7 13.8 lO.O
l8O 26. l; 23.2 l8.3 l6.8 ll. 8
2OO 30.5 27.l 2l.O l9.9 l3. T
25O Hl. 2 37.3 28.O 28.1 l8.8
300 52.5 l,8.0 35. H. 36.9 211.5
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-N-4
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY of
MISCELLANEOUS ALLOYS
Source of Data: (a) R. Berman, E. L. Foster, and H. M. Rosenberg
Brit. J. Appl. Physics 6, 181-182 (1955)
(b) H. Bremmer and W. J. de Haas,
Physica 3, 692–70); (1936).
(c) Same as (a)
(d) Same as (b)
(e) Same as (b)
(f) W. W. Tyler and A. C. Wilson
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Report 803,
lil pp. (1952) -
Comments: (a) Soft Solder; 60% Sn, H0% Po
(b) Lead - Illſtin; 56% Pb, lilº Sn
(c) Wood's Metal; H8% Pb, 13% Sn, 13% Că
(d) Rose's Metal; 50% Bi, 25% Pb, 25% Sn
º Lead - 50% Indium; 50% In, *..., %
f) Titanium; Rem - Cru, RCl30-B, li .7% Mn, 3.99%. Al,
OTITC.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–0–1.
X. ‘3&nLw&3dW31
SWOT TV/ S n O B N\/~1713 OS | W
} O
±| ALIA ILO nG NOO TV W 83 HL
9.OO.
2Oſ
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9Oſ
9Oſ
ALO
8Oſ
o t- (o to
Xe uo/ 140* ‘ALIAllOnGNOO TVW83HL

VII-0-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
i'Or MISCELLANEOUS ALLOYS
Comments: The curves for Miscellaneous Alloys have been extrapolated to
300°K. The curves Tor Lead - lili'ſ Tin and Roses's Metal have
been extrapolated to l; “K, while the curve 1 or 'I'ltanium has
been extrapolated to lj “K. It is estimated that the extrapolated
values deviate no more than 10% Trom the probable values.
T T
A L L L -
Q = i. | X d'I'; Q A = | X, dT
To •
Where: -
Q = heat flow in Watts f
A = cross sectional area in emº
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in watts/cm-"K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (15°K for Titanium, li "K For -
all other Miscellaneous Alloys)
Thermal Conductivity Integrals are on the following, page.
Temp. Thermal Conductivity
°K watts/cm-°K
Lead- Rose's e e Lead- Wood's SO Í't
lilº Tin Metal * | 50% Indium | Metal SOlder
l; .OS + .O.O.92% .OO88 .0l. .16
o . 123% . O2 . Olló . O'Y2 .265
S ..lo * .028 . Olli 6 ..l.0 .36
lO ..l.9 % .0335 . Ol'75 •llö . H2
lf, . 255 .01135 . Oll 2% .02h5 ..l.9 - 52
OO .29 .O.505 . Ol'77 .O32 •l'ſ . 55
O . 32 .056 .023 .037 .18 . 57
30 .3H .059 .027 .0l 3 . l88 . 57
35 . 37 .063 .0295 .0l.9 .l.96 .56
HO .38 .066 .032 .05l. . 20 .5l.
50 . H2 .0715 .037 .06l. • 2.l. . 52
CO . l.25 .O77 .0l. .073 . 22 .5l.
7 . H.H. .08l ..Ol;3 .082 .22 .5l.
Tö . Hill .083 . Olºj .089 .225 . 52
SO . || ||5% .O85 .016 .093 .225 . 525
90 . 16 % .O88 . Olć .10l. .23 . 53
lOO . 165% .09l .05l .llê . 235 .51%
l2O . 117 3 .097 .05l. ..l.92 .235% .55%
liO ..l7 % .10l. .O57 ..l.95 .235% .56%
lö0 . 1,7 % •lll .06 .25 .235% .56%
lSO . 17 × •l2 .063 . 32 .24% .56%
2OO . |8 + .l.28 .065 .38 .21% .56%
250 . .8 + ..lp .07; .62 .21% .57%
300 . l. S + ..l7% .O.88% .9% .21% .57%

+ Extrapolated Values
VII-O-3
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for MISCELLANEOUS ALLOYS (cont.)

n T.
Temp. J * x d'I
To
°K watts/cm
Lead- Rose's Titani Lead Wood's Soft,
liliº Tin Metal * | 50% Indium | Metal Solder
6 .203 .0292 .0201, •ll2 . l.25
8 ... lić6 .O772 .0l,66 .28l. l.05
lO .836 ..l39 .O787 .502 l.83
lj l.95 .33l .löl; l.l7 l. l8
2O 3.31 .566 .0722 . 325 l.97 6.86
25 l;.8l. .832 .l74 .l.97 2.85 9.66
30 6.19 l.l.2 .299 .697 3.77 l2.5
35 8.26 l. H2 ... lil:0 .927 li. 73 lj. 3
l:0 lO.l l. TB .591, l.lò 5. 72 lö.l
50 ll.l 2. H3 .939 l. T7 7.77 23. H
6O lö. H 3.18 l. 32 2. lić 9.92 28.5
70 22.7 3.97 l. 74 3.23 l2.l 33.6
76 25.3 li. Hö 2. OO 3. TB l3. H. 36.7
8O 27. l. l;.80 2.lö H.ll ll. H 38.8
90 31.6 5.66 2.66 5.10 l6.6 lili.l
lOO 36.2 6.56 3.15 6.2l l9.0 lig. H.
l2O 115.6 8. lili li. 20 8.9l 23.6 60.3
ll.0 55.0 lO. H. 5.31 l2.H. 28. l; 7l. H.
l60 6H. H. l2.6 6.l.0 l6.8 33.0 82.6
l8O 73.8 ll.9 7.7l 22.5 37.8 93.8
2OO 83.3 lT. H. 8.99 29.5 l;2.6 lO5
250 lO7 24.3 l2.5 51.5 51.6 133
3OO l31 32.3 l6.5 92.5 66.6 l62
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII–0–4
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF
GLASSES and PLASTICS
Source of Data: (a) R. L. Powell and W. A. Blanpied,
NBS Circular 556, 68 (1951)
(b) R. L. Powell, W. M. Rogers, and D. O. Coffin
J. Research NBS, 59, 319-355 (1957)
(c) R. Berman, E. L. Foster and H. M. Rosenberg
Brit. J. Appl. Physics 6, 181-182 (1955)
(d) R. Berman
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A208, 90-108 (1951)
Comments: (a) Glass; average value of quartz, Pyrex, and boro-
silicate glasses.
(b) Teflon; extruded - -
(c) Nylon; Imperial Chem. Ind.; drawn monofilament.
(d) Perspex; An English organic glass thermo-plastic
similar to Lucite or Plexiglass.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-P-1
X • ‘3&nLw&EdWBL
OOİO8O9OºO2Oſ89ș
|OOO'
2OOO'
S O || SV Tlº p u O SE S SV7719
4O
Å || || /\|_|_O [] O NO O TV7 WN|}} B H |37OOO
QOOO'
ÇOOO'
9OOO'
8OOO'
|OOT
ZOO
Xe u0/440M ‘ALIAILOnGNOO TVWHBHL
£OO’
900
9OO’
8ÖÖ
~ ~ ! ( ;

VII-P-2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY INTEGRALS
for GLASSES and PLASTICS
COmments: The curves for Teflon, Nylon, and Perspex were extrapolated to
300°K. It is estimated that the extrapolated values do not
deviate more than 10% from the probable value.
T T
L
a- ſº ºr sk- ſº ºn
To To
Where:
Q = heat flow in milliwatts
A = cross sectional area in emº
L = length in cm
X = thermal conductivity in milliwatts/cm-*K
T = temperature in ‘’K
To = initial temperature (l, "K)
- f TL.
Temp. Thermal Conductivity J. XCT
To
°K milliwatts/em-"K milliwatts/cm
glass teflon perspex nylon glass teflon perspex nylon
l; .97 .lić .58 . 125
6 l.ll. .67 .60 ..l.96 2. ll l.l3 l.lö .32l
8 l. l.9 .82 .60 .29 li.lº 2.62 2.38 .807
lO l. 20 .96 .6l .38 6.8l li.l; 3.59 l.l.9
l; l. 3 l. 22 .63 .67 l3.l 9.85 6.69 li.l.0
2O l. H6 | 1.ll .75 .98 2O.O l6.l. 10. l 8.23
25 l.68 l.60 .97 l.28% 27.9 23.9 ll.l. l3.9
30 l.9 l.Th. l.18% 1.5 + 36.8 32.3 19.6 20.8
35 2.2 l.86 l. 35% l.T.8% l;7.l lºl.3 25.9 29.0
l;O 2. l; l.95 l.50% l.99% 58.6 50.8 33.0 38.5
5O 2.9 2.l l.8O% 2. l; + 8l.6 71.6 l;9.5 60.l.
60 3.1; 2.2 l.95% 2.7 * ll.9 93.6 68.3 85.9
7O 3.9 2.3 2. lož 2.8 + lSl lló 88.5 ll3
76 l; .2 2.3 2.15% 2.9 + 175 l3O lOl. 131
8O li.l; 2.35 2.20% 3.O + 19k l39 ll.0. ll;2
90 5.0 2. l; + 2.25% 3. l 4 2l;0 l63 l32. 173
lOO 5.5 2. lººk 2.25% 3.2 + 292 187 lj5. 2Ol,
l2O 6.1; 2. lºb% 2.30% 3.3 + l;08 237 2OO. 269
ll;0 7.3 2.5 + 2.35% 3. l; + 5l;2 287 21,7. 336
l60 7.9 2.55% 2. l;O% 3.5 + 69|| 338 29k. l;05
l8O 8.5 2.60% 2. l;O% 3.5 + 858 390 3l;2. l;75
2OO 9.0 2.60% 2. liO% 3.5 + 1030 lil;2 390. 51.5
25O 9.8 2.60% 2. l;O% 3.5 + lSOO 572 510. 72O
3OO lC).2 2.60% 2. l;O+ 3.5 + l990 702 630. 895

* Extrapolated Values
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VII-P-3
O. 3
O.2
... O
... O 9
O 8
.O 7
, O6
O 5
.O 4
.O 3
O2
, Ol
Te m per a fur e º K
ºn- I | | | | | | || ' ' ' ' || | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fº EPOXY *
Wºme | Op. m., QUARTZ FILLER -
FRACT. 60 °/o BY
— TO T. WEIGHT ºn
lº EPO XY *-* º
GLASS F | BER FRACT.
Jºms 46 °/o b.w.. ( LONG) T
ºmº º *
GLASS F | BER FRACT.
me 54.6% b.w. (NORMAL) –
º- * sº
3-#~ UNF|LLED EPO X|ES
6 O 97 C
– –
º-º-º: -
* -
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF EPOX|ES
* —
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
O 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |O 2O 3 O 4 O 50 |OO 2 OO 3 OO 5 OO
| OOO



;
This Page Left Intentionally Blank.
Temperature, F

— 450 – 4 OO –3OO -200 -100 32
| | | I
— O.]
L_* *º-
[.. 0. #.
'E t
£ _T =
§ Jº E
>S m.
:- >
.2 2. :-
* >
§ 2" º
* >
3 – #
Tº —HOO 9
E t;
s 5
-º- Q)
* O.O. f
—HO.OO
O.OO|
| |O |OO 3OO
Temperature, K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR
POLYCHLOROTRIFLUORDETHYLENE (KEL-F)
VII-P-6
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CARBON AND STAINLESS STEELS
Source of Data:
References:
R. L. Powell and W. A. Blanpied, N. B. S.
Circular 556, 43 (1954)
(a) (P. Z. J.) R. W. Powers, J. B. Ziegler, and
H. L. Johnston, The Thermal Conductivity of
Metals and Alloys at Low Temperatures II,
TR 264–6, Cryogenics Laboratory, Ohio State
University (1951a), 17 pp.
(b) (Kr. Sc.) J. Karweil, K. Schäfer, Die
Warmeleitfahigkeit einger Schlecht Leitender
Legierungen zwischen 3 und 30° K, Ann. Physik
36, 567–577 (1939)
(C.) C. H. Lees, The Effects of temperature
and pressure on thermal conductivity of Solids.
Part 2, Phil. Trars. Roy. Soc. (London) A208,
381–443 (1908) .
(d) (T.W.) W. W. Tyler, A. C. Wilson, Jr., Ther-
mal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and
thermoelectric power of Titanium alloy RC-130-B,
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Report 803 (1952)
41 p. p.
(e) (B) R. Berman, The Thermal Conductivity of
Some Alloys at Low Temperatures, Phil Mag. 42,
642–650 (195 lb)
(f) (E_. Z.) I. Estermann, J. E. Zimmerman,
He at cönduëtion in Alloys at Low Temperatures,
J. Appl. Phys. 23, 578–588 (1952)
January 20, 1967
VII-Q–1
(ſ)
(ſ)
LL]
—l
2:
<[
H.
(ſ)
-UU)-
2
O
CO
Cº.
<I
C)
3 3 3 3 2 9 2 3 S & C
O CO (O Wºr CNJ -
X 69p u0/Mu',\LIA LOnGNOO
Reprinted from NBS Circular 556
CO
(O
Wºr
3.
3
3
X
O
º
F-
-
Q
e
January 20,
l9 {

VII-Q–2
|OO
|O
O.
Temperoture, F
– 450 – 400
-3OO
–2OO –|OO 32

|
|
|
~
|O
Temperoture,” K
|OO
3OO
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY versus TEMPERATURE FOR
TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL -
VII-Q-3
Temperature, F
- 450 – 4 OO –3OO -2OO – |OO 32
|OO | | | | |
—| |O
|O
LO Telso *
8 Telso —l
|
2/
Z
z
— O.
O.
| |O | OO 3OO

Temperature, K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR
TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL AT DIFFERENT MAGNETIC Fle LD STRENGTHS
VII-Q–3. 1
Temper of ure , F
|OO - 450 - 400 – 30O –2OO – |OO 32
| | | | | | |
—||O
LT
|O ~!

| |O |OO 3OO
Temper a tu re, K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR
TYPE 31 O STAINLESS STEEL
VII-Q-4
Temper of ure , F

— 450 - 400 - 300 – 200 -|OO 32
|OO | | | | | |
—||O
T
u-
T T.
X -
T IO '-
E —r— -ſt
wn E
: OO
: >
>S -
s §
o O Test d s
5 A 8 Test d Š
C
O t *
O O
gº — | E
O *-
E *
s H
-C
H. |
%
— O.
O. -
| |O |OO 3OO
Temper of ure , K
THERMAL conductivity versus TEMPERATURE For 3 10 st AINLESS STEEL
AT TWO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH S
VII-Q-4. 1
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF STAINLESS STEEL 304 A
T, K k, Watt cm-4 K-1 T, K k, Watt cm-1}{-1
0 450 0.177
0. 1 0.000017° 500 0. 184
1 0.00039* 600 0. 198
5 0.0034” 700 0.212
10 0.0085° * 800 0.225
25 0.027 900 0.239
50 0.058 1000 0.253”
75 0. 080 1 100 0.267”
100 0.095 1200 0.281*
150 0. 115 1300 0.295*
200 * 0. 130 1400 0.309°
250 -- 0. 142 1500 0.323”
273 0. 147 1600 0.337.*
300 0. 152 (s) 1665 0.347°
350 0.162 (1) 1800 0.22**
400 0. 170 *
Data Source and Remarks
Nine sets of experimental data are available. Selected values from 27 to
250 K are taken from the data of Powers, Ziegler, and Johnston (1951) [32]
and values from 373 to 923 K from the data of Ewing, Grand, and Miller (1952)
[79) and Deverall (1959) [80]. There is no measurement on the liquid and the
value is estimated.
xx Extrapolated .
xx x: Estimated
VII-Q–5. 1

me L_* em
lor! me 2– em
7 C 4. amº
me 2' tº-
5 A
* / º
3 Z
2
-2
|O - Y -
7 +4.
-> / * -
5 --> / -
|W - —
3 7.
2 Yºº / MELTING RANGE 1670- 173O KT
y
IO-5 | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | _1_
|O - 1 2 3 5 7 | 2 3 5 7 |O 2 3 5 7 |O-2 2 3 5 7 IO-3 2 3 5
TEMPERATURE, k
THE RMAL CONDUCT | V | T Y OF STA|N LESS STEEL 3O4A
:
Temperature, F
- 450 - 400 – 30O – 200 -|OO 32

| | | |
|OO
2.
_T
O.
| |O |OO 3OO
Temperature, K
THERMAL conDucTIVITY VERSUs TEMPERATURE FORTYPE 316 STAINLEss stEEL
VII-Q–6

7O
60 --~~~~
2T \conotion UNKNOWN
21 [317]
5O 21 `condition UNKNown
[1092]
4 O
3O |- - - - - -
2O H-—--- -
|O }- - - - -- - - - - - - ~~~~~~<----------- ===-- - - - - -— * ~ **-* **-** -------- *- - , – -- a----------- ~~
º -zoo -200 -ico o |OO 2CO 3OO 4CO 5CO
. TEMPERATURE, *F
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF 7O / 3O BRASS
VII-R-l
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, BTU/hr ft.*R
XI o ‘Bºn Lv 83dW31
OOº.OOZOO! O8O9O ț> .O2O]89tz
9 O '
8 O '
| OO ^
SÅ OTT V/ S T O AJ NJE-J
2 °-; O
Å L | /\|_LO T O NO OTvw！!3HL
2OOO
9OO
8OO’
| O’
3ųou2nO“ JOº/）, Q !2O
ÇO’
ț7 O’
9Oſ
9 O’
8Oº
OO (O uſ) ºf NO
Dº/, l 'O QT1|VN
| EV/SQ
O2
O 2 O | B\/S
O2
O £7
O9
— co Go to ºt to
OO9 OO tºOOÇOO。2 O9||OZ | OO |O8O9Oţ»O9，O2 8 | 9 | tw | 2 |O|| 6 8
8 •“ 38 n.Lv 8.3d WBL
2OO’
țz OO’
9 OO.’
We us/LLVM'All AllOſhCNOO TVW83HL

VII-S-1
VIII. SPECIFIC HEAT OF SOME SOLIDS
CONTENTS
Aluminum
Copper
Indium
Iron (a) , (Y)
Tan talum
Activated Charcoal
ICe
Polyethylene
Teflon
Rubber, Buna-s, Kel-F
Rubber, Natural
Quart Z
Vitreous Silica (Silica Glass, Quartz Glass)
Arald ite, Epoxies
Niobium, Niobium-Titanium, Titanium
Carbon
Stainless Steel
Beryllium
T in
Lead
Additional Reference to Entire Chapter: NBS Monograph 21.
VIII–INDEX
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ALUMINUM
Sources of Data:
Giauque, W. F. and Meads, P. F., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 1897-1901 (1911)
Maier, C. G. and Anderson, C. T., J. Chem. Phys. 2,513-27 (1934)
Phillips, N. E., Low Temperature Physics and Chemistry, Univ. Wisconsin
Press (1958)
Other References:
Behn, U., Ann. Physik Beiblatter 25, 178 (1901)
Goodman, B. B., Compt. rend. 2d., 2899 (1957)
Griffiths, E. G. and Griffiths, E., Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A90,
557 (1915 .
Kok, J. A. and Keesom, W. H., Physical, 835 (1937)
Koref, F., Ann. Physik (li) 36, h9 (1911) -
Nernst, W., Ann. Physik (li) 26, 395 (1911)
Nernst, W. and Lindemann, F.A., Z. Elektrochem. 17, 817 (1911)
Nernst, W. and Schwers, F., Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 355 (1911)
Richards, T. W. and Jackson, F. G., Z. physik. Chem. 70, lill (1910)
Schmitz, H. E., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 72, 177 (1903)
Tilden, W. A., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Tl, 220 (1903)
Table of Selected Values

Temp. Cp H Temp. °p H
°K J/gm-°K J/gm °K J/gm-‘K J/gm
l O.OOO LO+ 6O 0.211. 3.6l,
l .OOO O5l || O.OOO O25 70 .287 6.15
2 .OOO 108 .000 loš 8O .357 9.37
3 OOO 176 .OOO 216 90 . l.22 l3.25
l, .OOO 26l .000 l;63 lOO . 1,81 lT. 76
6 .OOO 50 .OOl 21 l2O .58O 28. l;
8 .OOO 88 .002 6 ll.0 .65l. l,0.7
LO .OOl l; .001, 9 l6O . 713 5l. l;
l; .OOl; O .Ol& l8O . 760 69.2
2O .OO8 9 .Ol;8 2OO .797 81.8
25 . Ol'7 5 ..ll2 22O .826 1Ol.O
30 .031 5 .232 210 .8l. 9 ll 7.8
35 .O.5l 5 . l.26 26O .869 l35.0
l;0 .O77 5 .755 28O . 886 152.5
5O ..ll;2 l.85 300 .902 l7O. l.
* Superconducting
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII—A-1

º
;
.
:
O8
O 6
O4
O3
O2H
O8
O6
HTT
TEMPERATURE, *K
SPECIFIC HEAT *
of ALUM | NUM -
(I• - loo K ) -
—
/ —-
/
/ ºs-
/ *-
7 –
/ *
/ —
/ *-
/ *-
Z *
Z
2 3 4 | O
VIII—A-2
TEMPERATURE, *R
2O 4O 6O 8 O |OO 2OO 4OO
i
O.6
O.4
O.2
O.
.O6
.O4
. O2
.O |
. OO6
. OO4
.OO2
.OO |
SPECIFIC HEAT
OF A LUM | NUM
(IO 9 - 3OO°K)
2O 3O 4 O 6O
TEMPERATURE, *K
8 O
|OO
2 OO
O.2
O. |
.O6
.O 4
.O2
.OI
.OO6
.OO4
OO2
.OO |
.OOO 6
. OOO 4
3OO

TEMPERATURE, *R
4
|O
8
6
CD
Of
ENTHALPY
ALUM | NUM
(a_OI
(, OI ^ q ÁId ! ! ! nu) q ! / n La “Aanw H1N 3
(NJ•-8<ſ
C
CN=
OOO
Á q ÁId !! 1 nu) u 6 / sa i noſ “A d n w H I N 3
.O6
.O2
| O
TEMPERATURE, *k




VIII—A-4
ENTHALPY, BTU/lb
OOº.
o
O |
OOI
OO2
O O ſº
OO |
O O 2
XI o ‘38 n.lv （J3d W31
O8
O9O ty
OO!O8
Ho ‘3&n.Lv 83d W3L
O9
OºO2O |
| O’
|’O
rn
2
-|
·r·
]]>
r-
-u
| *
（5°
C=
5
��
~,
©
o | B
( X • OOº - o Ol )
WQ N | Wºn TV7 -JO
A dT\/H1N E
OOI
O ºO2

VIII—A-5
SPECIFIC HEAT OF COPPER
T *K cº, cal g’k T CK cº, cal gº' K'
0. 1 2. 70 x 1077 300 9. 23 x 10~ *
0.2 5.30 400 9. 46
0.3 7. 95 500 9. "1
0.4 1. 05 x 10 ° - 600 9.95
0. 5 1. 32 700 1.02 x 10 |
0. 6 1. 59 800 1. 04
0.7 1. 88 900 1. 07
0.8 2. 15 1000 1. 09
O. 9 2.46 1100 l, ll
l 2.75 1200 1. 14
2 6. 59 1300 l. 16
3 1.26 x 10 ° (s) 1356 1. 18t
4 2. 17 (1) 1356 (1.18)
5 3. 45 1400 (1.18)
6 5.45 1500 (1.18)
7 8. 00 - 1600 (1.18)
8 1. 14 x 10 * 1700 ( 1.18)
9 1. 56 1800 (1.18)
10 2. 05 1900 (1.18)
15 6. 63 2000 (1.18)
20 1.76 x 1073 2 100 (1.18)
30 6. 53 2200 (1.18)
40 1.42 x 10 ” 2300 (1.18)
50 2. 36 2400 (1.18)
60 3.45 2500 (1.18)
70 4. 10 2600 (1.18)
80 4. 35 2700 (1.18)
90 5. 50 2800 (1.18)
100 6. 06 2900 (l. 18)
200 8. 55 3000 (1.18)
Investigators: Avramescu, A. (34) [373-1273K); Bell, I. P. (35) [288-701K);
Booker, J., et al (36) ( 727-1210K) ; Butler, C. P., and Inn,
E. C. Y. (37) [337–946K) ; Dockerty, S. M. (38) [201-38983 ;
Dockerty, S. M. (39) [28–194K); Eder, F.X. (40) [30–300K) ;
Esterman, I., et al (41) [2.2–3. 6K) ; Eucken, A., and Werth,
H. (42) [94-219K); Fieldhouse, I. B., et al (43) [811-1311K);
Fieldhouse, I. B., et al (44) [1366–1922K] ; Giauque, W. F.,
and Meads, P. F. (45) [15–300K) ; Howse, P. T., et al (46)
(366–544K); Jaeger, F. M., et al (47) [573–1173K);
ºsm-ºsmºs
"Estimated (5)
VIII-B-1
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of COPPER
(l” to 10°K)
Sources of Data:
Corak, W. S., Garfunkel, M. P., Satterthwaite, C. B. and
Wexler, A., Phys. Rev. 98, lê99–1707 (1955)
Rayne, J. A., Australian J. Phys. 9, 189-97 (1956)
Other References: r
Esternann, I., Friedberg, S. A., and Goldman, J. E., Phys. Rev.
§ 532 (1953;
Kok, J. A. and Keeson, W. H., Physica 3, 1035-15 (1936)

Phillips, N. E. , ,Low_Temperature Physics and Chemistry, Univ.
Wisconsin Press (1958) pp. Ilu-7
Corºnents:
For the temperature range 0° to 10°K, the specific heat follows
the equation:
3
- : -6 T z _o
ºp 10.8 x lo T + 30.6 [sº] j/gm K
Table of Selected Values

Temp. Cp H. *
*K J/gm-"K J/gn
O.OOO Ol2 O.OOO OO6
2 .OOO O28 .OOO O25
3 .000 053 .OOO O6);
l, .OOO O91 .OOO l3
6 .OOO 23 .OOO lil;
8 .OOO l;7 .OOl l2
lC) .OOO 86 .002 l;
T
* B = !. Cp dT
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII-B-2
Temperature , F
–459 - 455 - 450

| - | | ſ
M–
/
/
: " 2%
i 24,/ | | ||
*ºſ /
º /
Ž 99.999 Cu
J/ — O.
ZJ/
O.O4 O . I | |O
Temperature , K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR COPPER
VIII-B-2. 1
º
SPECIFIC HEAT
of COPPER
( [• - || O 9 K )
TEMPERATURE, *k

VIII-B-3
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of COPPER
(lo” to 300°K)
Sources of Data:
Oth
Dockery, S. M., Can. J. Research 15A, 59-66 (1937)
- r References:
Acyara, S. and Kanda, E., J. Chem. Soc. Japan 62, 312-15 (1911)
Seºn, U., Ann. Physik u. Chem. (3) 66, 237-lil (1898)
Bronson, H. L., Chisholm, H. M. and Doc':erty, S. M. , Can. J.
Research 8, 282-303 (1933) - -
Eucken, A. and Werth, H., Z. anorg. allgem. Chem. l88, Schenck Fest-
schrift, l;2-72 (1930) *-*-
Giauque, W. F. and Meads, P. F., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 63, 1897-190l (1911)
Keesom, W. H. and Onnes, H. K. , Communs. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No.
li:Ta, 3 (1915)
Koref, F., Ann. Physik 36, h9-73 (1911)
Neinst , W. , Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 262 (lglO)
Nernst, W., Sitzber, kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 306 (1911)
Nernst, W. and Lindemann, F. A. , Z. Elektrochen. lī, 817 (1911)
Schimpff, H., Z. physik. Chem. Ti, 257 (1910)
Table of Selected Walues

Temp. Cp H+ Temp. °p H+
°K j/cm-‘K j/gn °K j/gr-‘K j/gm
lO O.OOO 86 || O.OO2l, lOO 0.25l. 10.6
ls .OO2 7 . Oloſſ l2O .288 l6.l
2O .OO7 7 .034 ll.0 . 313 22. l
25 .016 .090 l60 .332 28.5
30 .O27 . 195 l8O .346 35.3
l;O . O60 .6l 2OO .356 l;2.l.
50 .099 l.lio 22O .36]; l;9.6
60 . 137 2.58 2lQ .37l 56.9
70 ..l73 li.l? 26O .376 6l.l.
8O .205 6.02 28O .381 72.O
90 .232 8.22 3OO .386 79.6
f T
* H = | C 5T
° o P
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII–B–4
i
O4
O2
Ol
Y
Q
E
gº
Uſ)
GA)
T-5 C4
.9.
& oz
}-
<ſ
lu
I
.O |
Q
u-
O
ul
Cl
90 004
.OO2
OO |
2O
3O
4O 60
TEMPERATURE, *k
8O
SPECIFIC HEAT
of COPPER
(IO* - 3OO° K )
|OO
2OO


SPECIFIC HEAT OF COPPER
TEMPERATURE, K
II I II II I I I I I I I I I II |
m L. I QUID ems
---
º _-T =
|-> 2^ em
M- / º
|- % em
F I
me ſ em
|- | º
|- / -
|-> M. P. 356 K t-
| | | | I | | | | | | | | | | | | || º |
O . . 2 3 5 7 IO 2 3 5 7 |OO 2 3 5. 7 IOOO 2 3 5
i
TEMPERATURE, *R
>=
á ſí
–1
Cl-
<£ ©
IC GS
ğ º
ū 5
.O6
O 4
(, -OI Kq anı da ÁIdųInuu) ql / n lg ' AdTv H1N3
CN]-| Co.<r.CN]
OOOOO
Co<tCN–ÇO<r
OOOOOO
( ç - OI Áq on IDA ÁIdųInuu) uuô/sæ|noſ “AdTVH1NE
.O.
O2
OO6
OO 4
O|
.OOO6
| O
TEMPERATURE, *K

VIII–B–7
s TEMPERATURE, *R
2O 3O 4O 6O 8O |OO 2OO
4 O
2O
4 E N THALP Y
OF COPPER
(IO* – 3OO "K)
O4
O.2
O.
.O 4
.O2
.O |
OO4
.OO2
|O 2O 3O 4O 6O 8 O |OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
3OO
40O
2OO
2O
2
o
4
.O
4
.
.O
2
.O |
.OO 4
.OO2
.OO |
3OO

i
;i[.
| | | | | | | |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ſo
Temperature, K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE
FOR COPPER ALLOY 90 CU– 1 O Nl

VIII-B-9
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of INDIUM
Sources of Data :
Cler-2nt, J. R. and Quinnell, E. H., Phys. Rev. 92, 258 (1953)
Clusius, K. and Schechinger, L., Z. Naturforsch. AT, 185 (1952)
Cther References :
clerent, J. R. and Quinnell, E. H., Naz. Bur. Standards Circ. 519, 89
(1952) and Phys. Rev. 79, 1028 (1950)
Table of Selected Values

º
T Cp H T Cp H
°K :/gr-ºx 3/s: *K J/gm-*K j/gm
l 0.000 O29 O. OOO Oll 60 O. 176 5.73
l .OOO Olgº .OOO OO6% 7C . 186 7.53
2 .OOO 138 .OOO O85 80 . 193 9.l;2
2 .OOO lll:# .OOO O73% 90 . 198 il. 38
3 .OOO l;10 .OOO 3kl LOO .2O3 13. 39
3 .OOO l;6||34 .OOO 35.7% l2O .2ll 17.53
3. l. Ołł .OOO 58! .OOO 537 ll. O . 217 21.8l
3.110 .OOO 669% .OOO 581+ l60 . 22O 26.18
l, .000 95 .OOO 99 l8O .223 30.6l
6 .003 59 .OO5 20 2OO .225 35.08
8 .OO8 55 . Ol'7 O 22O .227 39.59
lO .015 5 .Ol;0 8 21:0 .229 lili.ll;
lS .036 7 . 170 260 . 230 l:3.72
2O .O6O 8 .kl3 28O .232 53.31,
25 .O85 7 .778 3OO . 233 58.0
30 ..l.08 l. 265
l:O .lkl 2.52
50 ..l62 li. Ol,
* Superconducting
** Superconducting transition temperature
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII-C-1
4O
3.
:
i
.O6
.O 4
O3
.O2
.O |
2O
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of ND|UM
(I• - IO 9 K )
| O
O
5
O.
4.
O
.3
SUPER CON DU C T | NG N O R M A L
O.
2
O.
| 2 3 4.
TEMPERATURE, *k

VIII-C-2
3
S
H.
<ſ
LL
Inſ
:
Xo
— CO
O C
u 5/sal noſ
(D <!-
O C.
‘(*o) Lv3 H
fr) (NJ
C O
C) | 3 || O 3 c S
o
§
§
3
3
3
&
3
S.
C
×
i

VIII-C-3
TEMPERATURE, *R
2 3 4. 6 8 | O
4 OO
3 OO
ENTH AL PY 2OO
of IND|UM -
© - o le.
(r IO* K ) | OO
6 O
4 O
3 O
T
O 2 O
>
-D
>
S. | O
=
5 6
E t
Cº.
*
* 3
->
O
• * UPERCO 2
>
0.
—l
<ſ
sº
|-
2 O.6
Li)
OJ O.4
O.S
D6
O2
JO3
O
.O2
.O 1; 2 3. 4 6 8 IO
TEMPERATURE, *k

VIII-C-4
ENTHALPY, BTU/lb
Xa º 3 & n 1 vº 3 d'W BL-
OOº.OO2OO |O8O 9O ºO 2O2O |
2ț»C
9 O
ț»| ‘O
9Oſ
2O
| O
tº O
2O
9 O
ţ»O|
9.O
2
|
�
2
9
{»O |
9( XoOO9 -•OI)
W ſn | O N |J OO 2
O |
,\ d T \7 H L N E
O tz
O2
OO2OO|O9O9Oț»OºO2
80 ° 38'n Lv 83 d w 3 L
‘A d TV H1N3
ufi/sal noſ

VIII-C-5
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of Cy-IROM
Sources of Data :
Duyckaerts, G., Physica 6, 401-8 (1939)
Keesom, W. H. and Kurrelmayer, B., Physica. 6, 633 (1939)
Kelley, K. K., J. Chem. Phys, ll, 16-8 (1913)
Other References :
Austin, J. B., Ind. Eng. Chem. 2k, 1225 (1932)
Behn, U., Ann. Physik (3) 66, 237 (1898)
Duyckaerts, G., Mem. soc. roy. Bci. Liege 6, 193 (1995)
Eucken, A. and Werth, H., Z. enorg. u. aligem. Chem. 188, 152 (1930)
Griffiths, E. G. and Griffiths, E., Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A2lk,
319 (19.j and Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A90, 557 (191b) eº º º
.Gunther, P., Ann. Physik (b) 51, 828 (1916)
Richards, T. W. and Jackson, F. G., Z. physik. Chem. To, lºll (1910)
Rodebush, W. H. and Michalek, J. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc. T., 2117 (1925)
Schmitz, H. E., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) T2, 177 (1903)
Simon, F., Z. angew. Chem. lil, lll:3 (1928)
Simon, F. and Swain, R. C., Z. physik. Chem. B28, 189 (1935)
Comments :
o: -Iron is the form that is stable up to the Curie point at 760°C. It
has a body-centered cubic lattice.


T Cp H T °p H
*K j/gm-*K j/gm °K j/gm-°K j/gm
l O.000 O90 O.OOO Ol;5 70 O. l.2 l 2. l;6
2 .OOO l83 .OOO 18l 8O .15k 3.81,
3 .OOO 279 .000 hl.2 90 .186 5.55
l, .000 382 .OOO 7l;2 lOO ,216 7.56
6 .OOO 615 .OOl 73 l2O .267 12.40
8 .OOO 90 .003 23 11:0 .307 18.16
10 .00l 21, .005 37 160 .339 21.63
15 .002 lºg .Oll, 5 18O .364 31.67
2O .OOl; 5 .031 6 2OO .38l; 39.2
25 .OO7 5 .06l 22O .k0l. l;7.O
3O .012 l; .ll.O 2lQ .k15 55.2
l;O .029 .31 260 ..lp28 63.6
50 .055 .73 28O .k39 72.3
60 .087 l.l:3 3OO ..lºl,7 8l.l
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII-D-1
:
i
º
.
i
i
O.
.O8
O7
.O6
.O5
|O4
.O 3
O2
.O |5
SPECIFIC HEAT
of a | RON
(I* - IO* K )
2 3 4
TEMPERATURE, *K

VIII–D–2
T E M P E RATURE , *R
4 OO
2O O
| O O
8 O
6 O
4O
2O
O4
Q9
·H-
<ſ
uJ
~~
2
O
0，
©
��→
O
SPECIF | C
SPECIFIC HEAT (COE), BTU/lb ºR
Of^)
· QO
rº)●-）））*
O8C
» º uſ / sa Ino | *(db) ıv = H O 1310 aas
3OO
2O O
| OO
8 O
6 O
4 O
TEMPERATURE, *K
3O
2O
| O

VIII–D–3
*
i
55
5O
3O
2
O
TEIAPERATURE, *R
4.
| O 18
6 8
TITI | I | | | I | I | | I | II I T I
2O
ENT HAL PY —ls
of a | RON —
(1° - IO* K) | T
–
—lio
/ T
/ —ls
y —
Z *
L+T –
——TT ---
2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...”

T E M PERATURE, *k
i
VIII–D–4
X e “Bunlww3dwal
OOI O6 O0 O1 O9OGOt»OºO2O |
| O O’
| OO”2OOH
�OOſ
2OO，
t»OOº| Off
| Oº2O
��Oſ run
2 O2
„C)•{
S vol'Oș
Pr-
ºo
CD TOZO|×
>=
% 20$O75
–1
<£ șO5.
E| 2
2•à.
LI I !(X • OO9 -•OI)2B
2NO MJ || p 30�
vÅ d TV/H LNB
O |
O |O2
O2Oț»
Ot»
OOI
OOț»OOZOO!O8O9 O ț»O2
B • ‘38 mlwg3d.w3ı
IQ Iºfſ

VIII–D–5
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of y - IRON
Sources of Data:
Eucken A. and Werth, H., Z. anorg. u. allgem. Chem. 188, 152-72
(1930).
Comments :
The values of specific heat for pure y iron were calculated by
Eucken and Werth by application of the Kopp-Neumann principle to
their specific heat measurements on a 30% Min-Fe alloy and 19.1%
Mn-Fe alloy. In view of this procedure, the values tabulated below
should be regarded as an approximation only.

T Cp H-HoO
•K j/gm-‘K J/gm
2O O.OO7
3O .016 O.ll
l;O .0ll O. 39
50 .090 l.02
60 .137 2 •l6
70 .180 3-75
8O .218 5.7;
90 .255 8.11
LOO .288 10.8
12O .345 17 -l
ll:0 •386 24.
l60 .#2% 32.6
2OO .l76 50.6
R757JJG Issued: 9-2-59
VIII-D-6
O3
O2
O. :
O8
O6
O4
O3
O2
D !
()O8
2O
4 O
3O
6 O
TEMPERATURE, *R
8 O |OO
4 O 60 80
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
SPECIFIC HEAT
of
y - IRON
|OO
3OO
2OO


VIII-D-7
TEMPERATURE, *R
( Ho 9€ 40 O = H ) * ql / n.Lg º Adºn w H1NE
(O<r.
QO<r.(NJ•CC
OO
(NJ→
O2
O.
O6
2OO
3OO
2 OO
|OO
8O
T EMPERATURE, *K
6 O
| OO
8O
>=
Cl-
–1
<[
~~
H-
2
Li ]
4 O
6 O
60
4 O
2O
3O
OQO<r.(NJ•--QO
•O
O4
O2
O |
( ×o 02 10 O = H ) º uu 6 / s 0 | noſ º Adil v H1N3

VIII–D–8
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of TANTALUM
Sources of Data:
Kelley, K. K. , J. Chem. Phys. 8, 3.16-22 (1910)
White, D., Chou, C. and Johnston, H. L., Phys. Rev. 109, 797-802 (1958)
Other References :
clusius, K. and Losa, G. L., Z. Naturforsch. loa, 939-43 (1955)
Desirant, M., Rept. Intern. Conf. Fundamental Particles and Low Temp.
3."."{ij}
Keesom, W. H. and Desirant, M., Physica 8, 273 (1911)
Mendlesohn, K., Nature 1.8, 316 (1941) -
Wolcott, N. M., Conf. Physique Bases Temp., Paris (1955)
Worley, R. D., Zemansky, M. W. and Boorse, H. A., Phys. Rev. 91, 1567-8
tº hy.’Rºuri.58 (1955)
Comments :
For temperatures less than h"K, the normal specific heat Cp follows the
equation: .
3
c. - (31.1.0.5) x 16” to." (#) ſº-º:
Table of Selected Values

Temp. Cp, j/gm-*K H, J/gm Temp. Cº H
super- super- ſº O
°K * |comºting * |comºting °K j/gm-°K | J/gm
l o.oOo. 032 |0.000 OO63 |0.000 Oló |0.000 0021 To O.O879 2.56
2 .000 O68 | .000 05l. .000 O65 | .000 O26 8O .O976 3.19
3 .OOO 112 | .000 178 .OOO 155 .000 lj8 90 .105 ‘l; .50
l; .OOO 171 .000 352 .OOO 295 .000 l;00 LOO •lll 5.58
lº.39 .000 201 | .000 k33 .OOO 368 .000 553 l2O ..ll.9 7.88
6 .OOO 333 .OOO 776 ll;0 .125 10.1;
8 .OOO 6l. 8 .001 73. 160 .128 12.9
1O .OOl 17 .003 52 18O .l3l 15.5
15 .003 60 .0ll, 5 2OO .13% 18.l
2O .OO8 23 .Ol;3 2 22O .136 2O.8
25 .015 3 .102 21:0 .137 23.6
30 .02l O .2O2 260 .138 26.3
l;O ..Ol;3 0 .5l;0 28O .l39 29.1
50 .060 l; l.06 300 .ll.0 3l.9
60 .O75 lº l.Th.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII–E–1
O8
O6
O4
O2
O8
O 6
O4
C2.
.O |
OO 8
OO 6
SPECIFIC HEAT
of TANTALUM
( [• - IO* K )
3 4. 6
TEMPERATURE, *K

VIII–E–2
i
O.
O6
O 4
O2
OO6
.OO4
.OO2
.OO |
2O
3O
4O 6 O
TEMPERATURE , *K
8 O
|OO
SPECIFIC HEAT
of TANTALUM
(IO* - 3OO o K)
2OO
3OO

SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
Source of Data:
Simon, F. and Swain, R. C., Z. physik. Chem. B28, 189-98 (1935)
Comments:
The values in the table below do not represent precise measurements
and were made on a sample not fully characterized. The values are
much higher than those for graphite. Since activated charcoal
varies in structure and area, one may infer that the specific heat
might also vary considerably from Sample to Sample.
Table of Selected Walues

Temp. Cp H-H2O
°K j/gm-“K j/gm
2O 0.0l;2
30 .056 O. h9
l;O .OTO l-l
50 .087 l.9
60 .l.0 2.8
TO .l2 3.9
8O .ll. 5.2
90 •l6 6.7
JJG/JRC Issued: % 9
Revised: l /20/60
VIII–F–1
2O
40
TEMPERATURE, *R
7O 8O 90
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of
|OO
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
3O 4O 5 O
TEMPERATURE. "K
60
7O
15O
8O
O3
O2
ois
() O
90

VIII-F–2
:
O.8
O.6
O4
3O
TEMPERATURE, *R
6O 7 O 8O 90 |OO
E N T HAL PY
Of
ACTIVATE D CHARCOAL
4 O 5 O
TEMPERATURE . *K
6 O
7O
2OO
8O
90
;
i


VIII–F–3
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ICE
Sources of Data:
Giauque, W. F. and Stout, J. W., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, ll”
(1936)
Simon, F., unpublished (1923). Data reproduced in Giauque and
Stout (see above).
Other References :
Barnes, W. H. and Maas, O., Can. J. Research 3, 205 (1930)
Duyckaerts, G., Mem. soc. roy. sci. Liege 6, 325 (1945)
Nernst, W., Ann. physik, ser. H, 36, 395 (1911)
Pollitzer, F., Z. Elektrochem. 19, 513 (1913)
Table of Selected Values

Temp. Cp H Temp. Cp H
°K j/gm-"K j/gm “K j/gm-*K| j/gm
l 0.000 Olj | 0.000 OOl; 60 O. 535 13.97
2 O.OCO lº O.OOO O61 70 O. 627 19.78
3 0.000 hl O.OOO 31 80 O.716 || 26.l.9
l, O.OOO 98 O.OOO 98 90 O.801 31.06
6 0.003 3 0.00l. 9 LOO O.882 l;2.l7
8 O.OO7 8 O.Ol; 6 12O l.03 61.6
1O O.Ol; 2 O.038 11:0 l. 16 83.5
l2 O.O26 5 0.079 l60 l. 29 lC3.0
ll; O.Ol;3 O. ll:8 18O l.h3 l35.2
l6 O.O65 O.255 2OO l. 57 l65.l
18 O.O90 O.k10 22O l.T2 l97.9
2O O. lll: O.615 2lQ l.86 233.7
30 O.229 2.33 260 2. Ol 272.l.
l;O O.310 5.18 27O 2.08 292.8
5O O. lil;0 9.09 273.15 2.10 299.l.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII-G-l
| OO
|-
<[
Lu |
Tr-
SPECIF | C
6O
4O
OO(O<!－-CN)«…--->Q<r.
(N)« ，
OO
(„ol ºg ønıda Kıdışınu) ». ub/seľnoſ º (ºo) 1v3H 013103&s
O2
o K
TEMPERATURE ,

VIII–G–2
|----
<ſ
Luj
ir:
SPEC: Fi C
(1O 9 - 300° K )
CO<ț.|- (\;----©
C)C)CC)CD
» -- uuô/ søſnoſ º (ºo) Lw BH OIB10Ba
<†
C
S
.O2
3oo
2OO
| OO
8 O
6O
4 O
3O
2O
| O
TEMPERATURE, * K

VIII–G-3
§º Hº
Source of pºta:
Sochava, I. V. and Trapeznikovº, O. M., Sov, Phys. Doklady 2,
16k-6 (1957).
Comments:
Since no specific heat measurements existed below 60°K, enthalpy
values are given referenced to this temperature.
Table of Selected Values
T Cp H-Hôo
*g J/gm-°K 3/gm
60 O. ii.18 g
70 ... lºë lº.57
80 .56l 9.8l.
9C .63.9 15.7
10C; .676 22.2
12C .778 36.8
lic .872 - 53.2
160 ,971 71.7
18C l.07 92.l
200 1.17 - lll:
22C, 1.28 139
24() 2...h3 166
250 - 3.6% 195
•º
H - Hº ºr J. CP ºr
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56

VIII-ii-i
Temperature , F
— 450 – 400 –3OO–2OO-|OO 32

| | || || 2.
|OOO /
Zº
y
/
|OO /
T
X /
tº º & T
g // ={O.O. "
(ſ) / o
Q) º
is Amorpho us / =
S OO
gº // .
o / 5.
q} |O I
I O
# / º
o / Crystal line §
Q) T. O.OO! G.
C. (ſ)
(ſ)
I
/
/ / I.O.OOO!
/
/
| | O | OO 3OO
Temper at ure , K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUs TEMPERATURE FOR CRYSTALLINE AND
AMORPHOUS POLYETHYLENE
VIII–H–2
;
:
60
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of
POLY ETHYLE NE
8O |OO
TEMPERATURE , "K
2OO



VIII–H–2. 1
SPECIFIC HEAT and ETHALPY of TEFLO: (MOLDED)
Source of Data:
Furukawa, G. T., McCoskey, R. E. and King, G. J., J. Research Natl.
Bur. Standards lig, 273 (1952)
Other References:
Noer, R. J., Dempsey, C. W. and Gordon, J. E., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.
l, 108 (1959)
Comments:
The above reference (Furukawa, et al.), also gives data on molded
and annealed, molded and quenched, and powdered teflon. The effects
of heat treatment do not exceed 3% and are not significant below ljo’K.
The data indicate a second-order transition at about 160°K and two
first-order transitions between 280°K and 310°K. Thermal hysteresis
occurs in these regions. Because of this effect, data are not pre-
sented for the region 280°K to 310 °K. Specific heat values at 5 °K
and 10°K were obtained through computation involving the Debye
temperature, 9o values extrapolated from the lj-30°K range.
Noer, et al. report an approximate formula for the specific heat of
teflon between l. l; “K and l; .2°K which is not in good agreement with
the extrapolated value of Furukawa, et al. tabulated below. Their
approximate formula is given as
C = h x lot” Tº J/gº-K


Temp. Cp f H Temp. Cp H
°K j/ga"K J/g: °K J/gn"K j/gn
5 0.002; 0.003 lOO O.386 l9.5l
lO ..Ol& O.Ol;7 l2O O. l;57 27.9
15 ..Olſº 0.21 || 1:0 O. 525 37.7
2O .O76 O. 52 l60 O. 598 l;9.0
25 ... 102 O.97 18O O.677 61.7
30 . 125 l.5l. 2OO O.7ll 75.9
l;O .165 2.99 22O O.798 91.3
50 . . . 202 l; .83 21:0 O.853 107.8
6O .238 7.O2 26O O. 193 l25.5
7O .27); 9.59 28O l. Ol lly!.6
8O . 312 12.52 310 l. O2 lT9.3
99 || 350 | 15.83 || _ _ _ wººs. º. ºº rºº tº . . . º ºse ºf $ sº ºr e-º- * *
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII-I-1
3OO
H-
<ſ
LLJ
T
C2
Li-
CD
LJ
Cl-
(/)
2
O
–1
Li-
LLI
H-
��■■>
O
C)
LLI
C)
–1
CD
>
O4
CN-<r.CN]•
CDCDOOC)
Xła uuÕ/ Sºlnoſ º (d) L WEH O|-4|OE &S
OC 4
O O2
2OO
8O | O'O
6O
3O
| O
u()
TEMPERATURE, *K

VIII–I–2
SPECIFIC HEAT AND ENTHALPY OF
GR-S (BUNA s) RUBBER (1-3 BUTADTENE, 25 WT. # STYRENE)
Source of Data :
Rands, R. D. Jr., Ferguson, W. T. and Prather, J. L., J. Research
Natl. Bur. Standards 33, 63-70 (19b];)
Comments :
A second-order transition which indicates a change of slope occurs
at about 212 °K. Hysteresis occurs in the region immediately below
this transition.
Table of Selected Walues

Temp. C H Temp. c H
P p
°K j/gm-°K j/gm *K j/gm-*K j/gm
5 O.OOl; O.005 l2O 0.7ll l;5.0
10 .028 .07 ll;0 .8ll 60.2
15 .O70 .31 l60 .9ll 77.l.
2O O •ll3 .77 18O l. Ol 96.7
25 .155 l.lºl, 2OO l.l2 ll&.0
30 .l.96 2.32 210 l. 34 l30.0
liO .272 lº.66 212 1.66 l33.3
5O .338 7.72 22O 1.68 ll;6.l
60 .399 ll. HO 21:0 l.T3 180.1
70 .l. B5 15.68 260 1.78 215.2
80 .509 20.50 28O 1.8l. 25l.l.
90 .562 25.86 3OO l.90 288.7
LOO .6l2 31.7l,
Reprinted from WADD TECH.REPORT 60-56
VIII—J–1
OOº.
OOZ
OO |
O8
O9
X-'38 m. Lv 83d W31
O tºOº
O2
O |
J388n8
(S – VNQ 8 ) S - 89 40
L\7 B H O|-||O3c}S
ț»OO
2 O
t» O'
Z'O
tº O
×e u5/ sainoſ (°o)lva H ol-loads

VIII—J-2
Temperature, F
- 450 – 400 – 30O – 2 OO – |OO 32
|O - | | | I |

X
g /
: / — IO-"
9.
ã
º
I
/
10-8
ool; |O |OO 3OO
Temperature, K
SPECIFIC HEAT versus TEMPERATURE FOR
- POLY CHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE (KEL-F)
VIII—J–3
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of NATURAL
RUBEER HYDROCARBON (Amorphous)
Source of Data:
Bekkedahl, N., and Matheson, H. J., Research Nat. Bur. Standards 15, 503
(1931.)
Comments :
These data apply to pure hydrocarbon polymer extracted from latex. Commerical
natural rubber differs from this by containing various additives and having
been vulcanized. No low-temperature data for vulcanized rubber have been
found, and the data on this sheet are presented as being the closest available
approximation thereto. A second-order transformation (glass transformation)
occurs at about 200°K. The data in this region are the least applicable
to other forms of rubber since the temperature and shape of the transition
in Cp will be rather strongly affected by vulcanization and additives.
Table of Selected Values


T Cp H T Cp H
°K j/gm-“K j/gm “K j/gm-*K j/gm
lj O.O73 0.32 l8O l.03 lCO.7
2O •ll'7 O.80 l90 l.08
30 .2Ol; 2. lil 195 l. 10
l;O .282 l!.8l. 2OO% l.lil:
50 . 352 8. Ol 205 || l.60
6O .kl8 ll.87 21O l.6l
70 .l;80 16.36 22O l.64 l;5.0
8O .537 2l.l;5 21:0 l.TO 188. l;
90 .596 27.12 260 l. 75 222.9
1OO .6l,6 33.3% 28O l.8l 258.l.
l2O .75 l;7.3 290 l.8l. 276.6
lºo .8l. 63.2 3OO l.89 295.3
l60 .9l, 81.0
* Second-order transition
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII-K–1
OOº.
OO2
OO |
Xa ‘38 n.lv （J3dWBL
O8O 9
O9OtzOºO 2
( X o OOº o 4 09 | )
(SnOHdBOWV) NOE?JVOO}}C},\H
}+ B E & 0 \! T\/\ſ][^_L\/N
40 LV/ BH O|-||OB} dS
G |
‘LV3H 91.3 [03d S
Xo-u5 / Sanoſ

VIII-K-2
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of QUARTZ
Sources of Data :
Anderson, C. T., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58, 568 (1936)
Westrum, E. F.; data reproduced in Lord, R.C. and Morrow, J. C., J. Chem.
Phys. 26, 230 (1957)
Other References :
Gunther, P., Z. anorg. u allgem. Chem. llé, 71 (1921)
Nernst, W., Ann. Physik (k) 36, 395 (1911)
Table of Selected Values

T Cp H T Cp H
°K j/gm-°K j/gm °K j/gm-°K j/gm
1O O.OOO7 O.OOl lOO o.261 lC).5l
l; .OOl;0 O.Olz 12O . 325 16.37
2O . Oll3 O.Ol.9 ll;0 .385 23.18
25 .O22l O. l?l l60 .lill 31.75
3O .O.353 O.273 l8O .l.9l; Hl.l
liO .0653 O.773 2OO .5l;3 5l. 5
5O .0969 l.583 22O .588 62.8
60 . 129 2.7l 2l/O .63l 75.0
70 .162 li. 17 26O .67l 88. O
8O . 195 5.95 28O .709 101.8
90 . 228 8.O7 3OO .7l;5 ll6.l.
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII–L-1
H.
<ſ
LL]
I
202
Q
Li-
O
Lil
Cl-
Oſ)
st
N 2
t
# 3
O
-> r,
c
4- 9
C -
§
3.
3
3
3
§
3
Sº
9
— CO (O Sf (NJ 3 3 3 3 (NJ
e C Q O
o o o a 9 g g g g
x. uſ / sainoſ (40) ‘lväH 91.4103ds
g
:

VIII–L–2
(Silica Glass, Quartz Glass)
Sources of Data:
Simon, F., Ann. Physik (,) 58, 241-80 (1922)
Simon, F. and Lange, F., Z. physik. 38, 227-36 (1926)
Westrum, E. F., data reproduced in Lord, R. C. and Morrow,
J. C., J. Chem. Phys. 26, 230 (1957)
Other References:
SPECIFIC HEAT and ENTHALPY of WITREOUS SILICA
Nernst, W. , Sitzber. kgl. preuss. Akad. Wiss. , 306 (1911)
Table of Selected Values

Temp. Cp - H. Temp. * H.
°K j/gm-°K J/gm °K J/gm-“K J/gm
lO O.OOl;5 O. Oll LOO O.268 ll. 57
15 .01.26 O.O52 l2O .33l l". 56
2O .02kl; O. ll:3 ll.0 .391 2l. 77
25 .0379 0.299 l6O ... lil,6 33.ll.
30 .0519 O. 521, l8O ..l.97 l;2.6
l:0 .O8O8 l. 186 2OO .5ll, 53.0
50 •lll, 2. l; 22O .588 61.3
6O .lkl 3. lil 21:0 .629 76.5
70 ..l72 l; .97 260 . 668 89.5
8O .2Ol; 6.85 28O .7Ol; lC3.2
90 .236 9.05 300 .738 ll 7.6
Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
VIII–M-1
3OO
O.
6
O.O
24.
O.
O
6
O
2
.O |
.OO6
.OO4
| O
SPECIFIC HEAT
Of VITREOUS SILI
(IO* - 3OO o K)
2O
3O
4O 6O
TEMPERATURE, *K
8O
|OO
2OO

i

lo'
TTTTTTTTIII TTTTTTTT| || I | | | | | ||
= 2. —
— –
— PIOT'
– –
- E
– T]-10-2
- – .
– ) – 7
ă
E. :
ſº gºmºsºm. I
T —l - ?
F- HIO*:
— I &
Pºmºmº – Oſ)
T –
T To-
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | |
| |Ol
Temperature, *K
| O2
|O3
SPECIFIC HEAT OF UNFILLED EPOXY RESINS
VIII-N-1

6O O
Al
8 OO T-T-TTTTTTTT || T-I-T-TTTTTTTT I
4 OO
I
Z
2OO
ºm
*
|O
O
:
3
:
2
O
-
| O
| . EPON 828
GLASSFIBER 55991,
HTS FINISH
NOM. DENSITY = 1.83 gem";
GLASSFILL O.636 VOL.
:
Fº
*
O.5
O.4
O.3
O.2
º-
*
O. : | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 3 4 5 |O 2O |OO 200 3OO
Temperature , K
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR
GLASSFIBER REINFORCED EPOX|ES
VIII-N-2
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of ARALDITE
(TYPE I)
Source of Data :
Parkinson, D. H. and Quarrington, J. E., Brit. J. Appl.
Phys. 5, 219–20 (1951)
Comments :
Sample prepared according to manufacturer's directions.
Table of Selected Values

Temp. Cp H
*K J/gn—"K J/gm.
l. 5 O.OOO O6 O.OOO Ol
2 .OOO 21, .OOO O3
3 .OOO 89 .OOO 60
l; .OO2 25 .OO2 lo
6 .OO8 2 .0ll 7
8 .016 9 .036 7
lO .027 2 .080 7
15 .05l. 2 .284
2O .081 l .623
RJC/JJG Issued: 12-18-59
VIII-N-3. 1
TEMPERATURE, *R
(c）Ol Kº ºn 10^ Kid!\lnu) && ql / n lg '(do) Lv3H OIB10Bas
2O
| O
O2
CO<r.ÇNJ-QO<！-
(O<?C\，æ•OOOOOO
O
ÇNJ
O•
(N)H-€ £ ¥ 2，
<ſLJS2
Li ]Cl-
JE>=
}=QO
º *= u
Li-H-
Q_)a5©
S2Lu |–1
Q-<ſ
(/)CC
O O<ſ
<r.
©
rº)
<?
CNI
ſº
QN)
OOOQ<r.ÇNJ！，Q<r.ÇNJ== ¤）-->
<?(\）]«-）»OOOO3
(ç_OI Áq onIda Kid!}|nu) X., u 6 / sal noſ "(ºo) Lv3H OL-logas
TEMPERATURE, *k

VIII-N-3. 2
TEMPERATURE,”R
2OO
4OO
|OO
2OO
ENT HALPY
4O
| OO
u i
©_
>=
|-
LJ
|-
C)
–1
<，
0，
<ſ
O
CNJ
(ç-OI Kq enIDA ÁIdį įInuu) qI/ n lg 'AdTvALNE
<tCN-
Q<r.CNJ�■■>.■OOO
OOO<r.CN]£） （<tCN
<r.CN]�）<r.Oo
( ç-OI Kq ºnIDA KİdųInuu) uuô/sæ|noſ "Ad-Tv H1NE
O4
O2
.O 4
Ol
.O2
... O |
TEMPERATURE, "K

VIII-N-3. 3
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of NIOBIUM
Source of Data:
;,” White, P. and Johnston, H. L., Phys. Rev. 109, 788-796
l958
Other References:
Brown, A., Zemansky, M. W. and Boorse, H. A., Phys. Rev. 86, 134 (1952)
Richards, T. W. and Jackson, F. G., Z. physik. Chem. TO, lll: (1910)
Comments:
The data of Chou, White and Johnston cover the range, l.5° to 30°K
while the compilation of Kelley (1919) gives best values for room
temperature and above. Between 30° and room temperature no modern
experimental data are to be found. The values in this region given
here are estimates. While the accuracy at 2 to 30° and at 300°K is
of order 1%, the estimated values between 30° and 300°K are more un-
certain and may be in error by as much as 10% in the region lo” to
lOO "K. J
emp. Cp Joules/gram-"K H joules/gram Temp: Cp J/gm-“K | H J/g,
°K Normal Supercond. Normal Supercond. “K Normal Normal
l .09 x10−3 .0l. xlo-3 6O ... lºT 2.76
2 ..l.9 " .Olj x1O-3| .l7 " .005 xlo-3| 70 ..lj2 l, .2
3 .28 " .088 " ... liO " .Ol;9 " 8O ..l73 5.8
l, . l;O " .27 ºt .73 " .22 ºf 90 .189 7.6
5 .56 " .56 " |l.2O " .62 " ; loo .2O2 9.6
6 .77 " .98 " |l. 86 " l. 38 " ; l.2O .221 l3.8
7 l.O2 " l. 5 " |2.75 " 2.6 " | Llſo .231. l8.3
8 l, l; º 2.3 " |3.93 " l, .5 " || 160 .213 23. l
9 l.T Q? 3.2 " |5.5 " 7.2 " || 18O .21:9 28.0
lO 2.2 !" 7. $1 2OO .25l. 33.l
lj .0055 .026 22O .258 38.2
2O . Oll3 .066 2l;0 .26l l;3. H
25 .O2l .ll.j 26O .26; l,8.6
30 .035 .28 28O .266 53.9
l:0 .O68 .8O 300 .268 59.2
50 .099 l. 63
wº Issued: 10–21.59
VIII–0–1. 1
|8
O6
}==
<C
u J
JE
C2
|-
C_X
Li ]
Cl-
(/)
O.4
> ~
-> （<
2）， Q
$ 3
E|
O
4.- ***
O ~º
O.3
(， oi KQ ºnida Kıdışınu ) de ql/ nie '(ºo) Ivº H 01.4103&s
QN-vo<r.rr)CN]•
OOO.O.OO O
•CO<r.rn(NĮ•QO<r.
OOOOOOQ
(401 KQ ºnIda KidųInu) ». u.5/sainoſ "(ºo) Ivº H 01.3 103,3s
OO6
O2
.OO4
OO3
.O i
TEMPERATURE, "K

VIII–0–1. 2
3
3.
§
3
3
3
9
3
§
Š
SPECIFIC HEAT, (Cp), BTU/lb "K
<! N
(W) gº O O
O O O O
|
i
I
<! . (NJ
O O O
o
× cub/sonoſ (“o) lyaH olaloads
g
§
§
§
3
8
3.
3
Ş
3
§
o




VIII–0–1. 3
|O
18
T EMPERATURE, *R
(ç_OI Á q ºn 10 a Ald! ſinuu) ql / n La ‘Ad （TV HLN a
--><r.(N）-<r.CN]
(NJ•OOCOO
|O |
ENT HALP Y
of NIO BIUM
(19 - |O o K )
9/y
//
J
ſºſ，
Scy
/?$
<?(N）;©） ，<r.CN==<r.
OOOO
(s OI ºg ønıda Kıdışınu) uuð/ seinoſ 'AanvH1N3
O2
OO 4
ſo I
|O
TEMPERATURE, *K




VIII–0–1. 4
>ło º Bºniv dBd W3L
OOº.OOZOO|O8O9O ț»O £ OzO |
�» OO| Oſ
ZO
| Oſ
-t» O'
zo
t» O'l'O
-º
�~~~~ ·2O
~ I’O
P
O OţO
| zo
>=
O.
–) tº O|
<ſ
Ē( X o OOº - o OI)
2•-2
uU |W f\ | 8 O IN
-ț»
240 Åd TVH1N3| °
�O |
O 2
O |
O ț»
O2
OO!»OOº.OO。2O O |O 8O 9O ț»OºO 2
Boº Bºn Ivº 3d W31ø
uff/Soſnoſ "Ad TVH1N3

VIII–0–1. 5

|O2
|O
|O
O
|O
2
SPECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR NB 51 Ti 49
I
TT|T|| || ||
I ITTTTTTIII
L TTTTTTTT =
Eº ame Q
º … • * –
— A4" *º-
ſºme As -
smºs A. —
/
- O T
lºgº —
ºmºsºme -
ſºme –
Mºmº O tºº.
– T
k- O *
— *l ==
º f —
ºss * —
= O —
*= s' —
ºms Q
O mm.
O
&
– 3. –
H. Q -
gºme O sº
|- ()
— ? *
E / —
}*s f *m.
gººms. d *
/
O
– I E
0
H. O *=
I l sm
}* 0. ammº
ºmº O –
| —
jº O
| | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * |O |OO 4 OO
Temperature, *K
VIII–0–2
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of TITANIUM
Sources of Data :
Aven, M. H., Craig, R. S., Waite, T. R. and Wallace, W. E.,
Phys. Rev. 102, 1263 (1956)
Kothen, C. W. and Johnston, H. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75, 31Ol
(1953) cº- -
;” N. M., Conf. de Physique des Basses Teººperatures, Paris
1955
Other References :
Estermann, I., Friedberg, S. A. and Gold:can, J. E., Phys. Rev.
à, 332 (1953)
Kelley, K. K., Ind. Eng. Chem. 36, 865 (19b];)
Table of Selected Velues

Temp. Cp H Temp. Cp H
°K J/gm-*K J/gn °K J/g-"K J/g,
l O.OOO O7] O.OOO O35 | 70 O.189 l; .27
2 .OOO ll:6 .OOO 1113 8O .230 6.37
3 .OOO 226 .OOO 329 90 .267 8.86
l, .OOO 317 .OOO 599 lOO . 3OO ll.69
6 .OOO 5l. .OOl l;5 l2O • 352 l8.2i;
8 .OOO 81, .OO2 81 | ll;0 .39l 25.69
lO .OOl 26 .OOl; 89 l60 .l;22 33.8l;
15 .003 3 ..Ol; 6 l8O ..lil;6 l;2.5l.
2O .OO7 O .Ol;0 200 ...h65 51.66
25 .013 l; .090 22O . l;8O 6l.ll
30 .O21, 5 . 182 2l;O .l.93 70.8;
l;O .057 l .58l 260 .5Ol; 8O.82
50 .099 2 l. 358 28O .5ll, 91.Ol
6O ..ll;6 7 2. 592 3OO .522 || 101.39
RJC lssued: l 2-lé-59
VIII–0–3. 1
| 8
TEMPERATURE, * R
2.O
O. 4
O.3
H-
<ſ
LJ
I
>
=2
2
<ſ
H-
H-
SPECI FI C
of
(
O
ç-
CN
O
oo
O
( ç_O ! A q
O | K q Á | d | 4 | nuu) \{ a, q ! / n 1 g
OO
CO
co<r.
OO
Á | d | | | n uu) X., u 6 / S 3 | n oſ
‘ ( d O ) L v B H
ÇO
O
roCN]
Od
‘( d O) L w 3 H
3) | B | O B d S
<r.
O
O | B | D 3 d. S
.O3
O,
.O2
O 8
|O
o K
T E M P E R AT U R E,

VIII–O
–3
3, 2
i
SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp), BTU/lb “R (multiply by IO")
O o <! CN. — O <r {\} - O 3
4- O C) O O 3
ºr)
O
O
Qr O
O
(\]
C.
3
C
O
(N
8
O
QC.
... O
Q
8
O
CO
O
<!
O
O
O
fr)
H.
9 tº 5
L1ſ +- C
II 2. (NJ
e ‘
: u- E
C)
LLI
0.
(/)
C
(N
C
C st (N — Uſ: <!. (N * * CC, <r (NJ _ -
O O © C, O C O Q O O O O
O O O O
>e ut/ So I noſ ‘(*2) 1 wa H on 3 oads
§:

VIII-0-3. 3
X • ‘3 & n 1 v J 3 d. W 31
OOº.OO2OO|O8ſ OSOț»OºO 2
| Oſ
£
~ | Q
~)
}=
ÇÃO
>^
O.
–)
！ 1
~~
|-
2
UJ
( X o O O £ - o O 1 )
O i}^N ( | N V L | 1 } 0
/\ d Ti V H L N 3
O O |
OOț»OOÇOOZOO |Ö8O9O t> ·O £
8 • ’ 38 n.L w 8 Bd W31
O2
O |
C
-
O
OO !
u 6/ s a no ſ
“A div H1N3

VIII–0–3. 4
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of CARBOR (GRAPHITE)
Sources of Data:
Keesom, P. H. and Pearlman, N.; Phys. Rev. 99, lll:9-21, (1955)
De Sorbo, W. and Tyler, W., J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1660-3 (1953)
Other References:
Bergenlid, V. , Hill, R. W., Webb, F. J. and Wilks, J., Phil. Mag.
H5, 85l-l. (1954) * , -
Dever, J., Proc. Foy. Soc. (London) A76, 325 (1901)
Ewald, R., Ann. phys. (k) 1213 (1911)
Jacobs, C. J. and Parks, G. S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 1513 (1931.)
Koref, F., Ann. Phys. (li) 36, h9 (1911)
Richards, T. W. and Jackson, F. G., Z. physik. Chem. TO, lill (1910)
Comments: - - -
For O 3 T 3 2 °K
°p = l62 (T/391)? + 2.6 x lo-6 T j/gm-“K
Temp. Cp H Temp. - °p H
°K 3/gº-'k | }/gm || “K 3/sn-ºk 3/s:
l .OOO OO5 .OOO OO2 TO .oT7 l. 87
2 .OOO O27 .OOO Ol6 8O .097 2.7l,
3 .OOO O70 .OOO O62 90 .ll.8 3.8l
l, .OOO lll: .OOO l68 LOO .ll.0 5. 10
6 .OOO 33 .000 6l l2O .188 8.37
8 .OOO 6l. .OOl 56 ll.0 .2l;0 l2.65
lO .OOl ll, .003 3 l60 .296 l8.0
l; .003 3 . Oll; 2 l8O .355 2l;.5
2O .OO6 3 .038 2OO ... lill, 32.2
25 ..Old 3 .O79 22O . l;71, ll.l
30 . Olj 5 .ll.3 2lQ .535 5l. 2
l;0 .O27 .36 260 .595 62.5
50 .Ol;2 . 70 28O .656 75.0
6O .O58 l, 2O 3OO . 716 88.7

KJC/JJGTIssued; i3-ić; T
Revised: 5–20–60
VIII-P-1
|O
|8
TEMPERATURE, *R
CN
O
( c OI ^q ºn 10^ Áld!, ¡nu ) 8. ql / nulg '(do) Lv3H 01-loads
-ÇO<r.(NJ�.-.■3
OOO· C)C
��'） •
© Lu
± =
ū āſ
JE
§
2 5
!]– z
O CD
Lu J CO
Q. Cr
(/) <ſ
Q_D
<r.CN-Q0<r.
OOOOC.8
(gol ºg en 10a ÁIdųInu) ». ub/seľnoſ º (ºo) IvāH OIB10Bas
OO 4
.O |
.OO 2
.OO 6
|O
TEMPERATURE, *K






VIII-P–2
SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp),BTU/lb "R
<!”
<! (NJ tº ºs O
- <r (N, tº-e O O O O
O O O O O O C.
3
3.8
3.
3
3
3.
O
UO
O
9
O
CO
O
<!
O
(O
O
ºf)
O.
<!.
O
(NJ
O
rf)
O
CN
Q
* <! (NJ º
O C O C.
$
§
#
§
g
×e u5/sonoſ (°o) Ivah ol-loads

VIII-P-3
IO
| 8
TEMPERATURE, *R
•– +
o 5E
Cl-
à ž
CC
- ö.
$ º
± ã
2 do
Uıl Or，
<!C
C_X
<r.
O
(çoi ſº ºnida Kidſinul ) qi / n la ‘AdıvH1N3)
CN-<r.QYJ '�■
OO· OCO
Š&5Ä&
(, pi kq ºnida Kidſ unu ) u5/ seinoſ 'AanvHLN-
O O 4
ol
OO2
OO4
OO |
OO2
|O
TEMPERATURE, *K




VIII-P-4
2 O O
© OO
ENT HALPY, BTU/lb
<!
o
ºr fu
O O
O |
O 2
O º
OOº.
OO2
OO!»
OO |
(X • OOº - o OI)
(3. LİHdW789) NO 8.8\70
go AdiwHLNB
OOº.
OOZ
O8
Xa º Bºn Ivº 3 d.W31
O9 Oț»
OO]O8
8 • ’ 38 mlwg3d W31
O9
O £
. O 2
Ot»
O9.
O 2
O |
ÞOOT
2 O'
ț» O’
2ľO
tº O
O |
O 2
O țy
OO |
uf/ Salnoſ “A div H LNB

VIII–P-5
Temperature, F
|OO - 455 - 450 – 425 – 4 OO
| | | |
—IO.O.
T
Li-
T
B
is:
in
|O 5.
r
- / .92
/ :
Gº)
C.
/ (ſ)
/ —loool
2’ | Anne aled
|

h IO - 40
| - Temperature , K - -
ECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR TYPE 31 OS STAINLESS STEEL
VIII-Q-5
-450
Temperature, F
Temperature, K
– 4 OO -300 -200-100 32
| | | T |
Priº
/
/ |
/ -
A
/
A. l
WT a
f —
A. ={0,000 :
/ -
r / #
/ :
/ §
/ (/)
Z
Z
z = |OOO
/ — — — Extra polated
|OO 3OO

ECIFIC HEAT VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR TYPE 3 10s STAINLESS STEEL
VIII-Q-7
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of BERYLLIUM
Source of Data ;
Hill, R. W. and Smith, P. L., Phil. Mag. bk, 636-4" (1953)
Other Reference 8 :
cristescu, s. and Simon, F., Z. physik. Chem. B25, 273 (1934)
Kelley, K. K., U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. No. 476 (1949)
Lewis, E. J., Phys. Rev. (2) 3, 1575 (1929)
Simon, F. and Ruhemann, M., Z. physik. Chem. 129, 321 (1927)
Comments :
For the temperature range from O" to 20°K, the specific heat
Cp follows the equation:
tº º 3
cº - (2.5.0.h) x 10°t 215.7 (mºs) j/gm-"K
Table of Selected Walues

Temp. Cp H Temp. w Gr B
°K j/gri-‘K j/gm °K j/gm-*K J/gm
l O.OOO O25 || O.OOO Ols 70 O.O562 O.97l
2 .OOO O5l .OOO O51 8O .0906 l.69
3 .OOO O79 .OOO 116 90 .139 2.82
l, .OOO 109 .OOO 209 lOO .l.99 l; .5l
6 .OOO l8O .OOO l;96 l2O .3k.5 9.87
8 .OOO 271 .OOO 9ll; ll;0 .525 18.5
LO .OOO 389 .OOl 60 l60 .723 3l.0
15 .000 81.2 | .oOl: 57 18O .921 l;7.l.
2O .OOl 6l ..Old 5 2OO l.ll 67.8
25 .OO2 79 .O2l 2 22O l. 29 91.8
30 .OOl; 50 .039 2 2lQ l.l7 l2O
l,O .009 96 .109 260 l.6l, lSl
50 .019 2 .253 28O l.8l 185
60 .03; l .523 3OO l.97 223
RJC/JJG Issued: 10-13-59
VIII-R-1
• R.
TEMPERATURE,
|8
|O
8
(401 ºg ºnida Kid!+1nu) 8. ql / n lg 'Lv3H 01.4103&s
CO
O→&
HEAT
BERYLLIUM
(1* - IO* K)
SPECIFIC
CDCO
( 391 ºº ºn10^ Kidſ+1nu) （x. up / sainoſ º (do) · Ivah orgloga
<r. ·
O
S
OO8
O.2
|O
TEMPERATURE, * K


VIII-R-2
§
3
3
Sº
§
— do Q St.
SPECIFIC HEAT, (Cp), BTU / Ib "R
### 3 #### §
;
>
Iº)
—!
“— —
O >-
Dr.
liſ
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#
8
:
3
O
(O
* 33 3 & 8 a.3; ; § 33;
×e u5 / seinoſ (do) “lvah ol-loads e Te







VIII-R-3
(ş Oſ Áq ºn 10a Kid!! I nu) ql / n lg ‘Ad （ivALNE
«N
-COKO<！-ÇNJ
OOC•OCD
|8
|O
|O
0， co
©
uī<r
g;
|- ųo>>
Ž0; =
…»–1
}<C <- I
º u.)|-ſň
<r.
ÇN
�Næ：）.&<ſCN----OOCO<r. æ，
OOOOOQ
(, 91 ºg ºnIda Kıdışınu) ub / seinoſ 'AanvHINE
.O2
O|
TEMPERATURE, * K

VIII-R-4
| ||OO
BTU / Ib
ENTHALPY,
XI o ‘’B Hnlſw & Bd W.El
OOº.OO2OO!O8O9O £7
(XłoOO2 - 001 )
|Wf] | Tl T1,\\-]'E8
40
o
,\dTIVHJ NE
|
|
-
O |
OOț»OOZOO|O8
B o 'B'B nl.w&ł3d W3L
O2
O2
O |
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|OOT
‘AdTVH1N3
uf / so noſ

VIII-R-5

Kee SCC. W.
ll.3 (lg32)
*-*-* -- ~ * * -* A rºy # * * r- Y -
SPECIFIC HEAT, ENTHALPY of Tx (white
Lange, F. , Z. physik.
Rodeoush, W. H., J. Ar. Cheſ. Soc. Its, lll:3 (1923)
Other Reference S :
Brönsted, J. N., Z.
and Kok, J. A. , Proc. Acad. Sci.
and Van Laer, P. H., Physica 3,
and Van Laer, P. H., Physica II,
and Van Leer, P. H., Physica 5,
G. and Srinivasan, T. M., Phil.
Richards, T. W. and Jackson, R. G., Z. physik. Chem. To, lili, (1910)
Keeson, W.
Keeson, W.
Keeson, W.
Keeson, W.
Ramanathan
:
K.
ry
H. and Van den Ende, J. N.,
Proc.
Chem. llo, 343 (1921.)
A
§
J
102, 662 (1953)
physik. Chem. 83, l;79 (1911.)
Amsterdam 35, 71.3 (l
37l (1936)
l,87 (1937)
193 (1938)
Mag.
Acad. Sci.
ºs---
lić, 338 (1955)
Schizitz, H. E., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 72, l’ſ 7 (1903)
... --><-e-a--- - - - - - - ----
Table of Selected values
superconiucting transition te:perature
kjc
ls ºu 3 d :
Ray 5 cºl 3
£6%
Cp, j/E-‘K H, j/gn Teip. Cp, j/E-‘K
---------|- sº- Super-"
Normal super- Normal Sup: e °K Norººl
conducting - conducting
O.OOO Ol"O || O.OOO OOl;l O.OOO OO79 || 0.000 OOO9 || 60 O. ll:8
.OOO Ol;7 .OOO Ol;3 .OOO O333 .OOO O228 || 70 .162
.OOO 109 .OOO lºl .OOO ll3 .OOO ll6 8O . 173
.OOO 198 .OOO 285 . OOO 22] .OOO 270 90 .162
.OOO 245 .OOO 283 LOO . 189
.COO 51; .OOO 65 l2O ..l.93
.OOl 27 .OO] 5l. ll.O .2Ol;
.OOl. 2 .OO6 8 l60 .2O3
.OO3 l . Ol.9 O 18O . 212
.022 6 .093 2OO .2ll;
. Ol;O .25l. 22C) .216
. O58 .l.98 24O .213
.076 .831; 26O . 220
. 106 l.T 5 23O . 22]
. 130 2.93 | 3CO .222
. ...— . . - **
932)





;
&*©
VIII-S-1
4
6
8
TEMPERATURE, * R
SPECIFIC HEAT
(, OI ÁG Áld!, ¡nu ) da qI/ n La ‘ (ºo) º Lv3H 013103ds
CO
·(O - Nº(NJ•
<r.«N=C)QCQ
NORMAL
PERCONDUCTING
- oo qo<r.CN= QO QQ<r.
O C. O
Ģ91 ºg Kidſ+Inu ) »ła uuſ / sølnom ‘( do) ‘LVEH OIHIOBAS
(N）
Q`
.O |
.OO8
DO2
.OO6
.OO4
|O
4
3
TEMPERATURE, *K






VIII-S-2
TEMPERATURE, * R
SPECIFIC HEAT, (Cp), BT U / ibº R
O O
(N）
O
OO
OO2
3OO
3
\?
C)
4OO
2OO
|OO
O
OO
O
OQO
Q
O
OO
O
<ſ
O
(UO
CD
rr)
|-
<[•
LI J`，
O
<?~ C©
•O
O{\J
OO
∞ →№ſ)
Ou-0
pºn¤），
GDO
}~
(/)-
O
(NJ
Q
(NJ！===COCOCNJ！•CO
ro�• OOŠOG g
», ut / sºſnop ‘(ºo) º 1v3H OIB103ds
2OO
o K
TEMPERATURE ,

VIII–S–3
º
i
i
i
2O
O4
O.2
O.I
O 4
O2
O !
.OO 4
.OO 2
.OO |
TEMPERATURE, *R
3 4. 6 8 |O
ENTHALPY
of T | N
(19 - 100 K)
NORMAL SUPER CONDUCT NG
2 3 4.
T E MPERATURE, *K
i

VIII-S-4
ENTHALPY, BTU / Ib
©60ſ
ZO
OOį
XI o ‘ 3 Jn-Lv83dW31
09
08
-1 ―–
\! o “38th Lw&3d.w3.1
(X • OOG – OI)
N || L. 40
Ad TV/H1NE
Oº
O >
"Ad TivKłl N3
tuf / sai noſ

VIII-S-5
º
:
i
ſ)O4
.OO2
O6
O4
O.
.O6
.O4
O2
o
TEMPERATURE, * R
2 3 4 6 8 | O
SPECIFIC HEAT
of LEAD
| (I• - 10°k )
NORMAL SUPER CONDUCTING
| 2 3 4.
TEMPERATURE, *K
O 6
O.4
O.2
T
o 9
>
Jº
>
O6 ºn
E
O4 E
Crº
O
-O
- N
()2 D
H
CO
Tºl
.O | Q
H.
<ſ
li)
OO6 T
C
oo.4 ºt
O
LU
Cl
(ſ;
OO2
—H.OO
.OOO6
|O

VIII-T-1
º
ɧ
§
3
§
3
g
3
3
3
§
3
SPECIFIC HEAT (q.), BTU/lb "R
g Uſ)
<! fºr) (\!
O C O
H.
<ſ
Lu
IC
i
ë
— CO
O C
yo uſ 5 / So I no
O
§ 3.
‘(*o) 1 v 3 H
3
rºy (NJ
C O
Q | 3 || O B J S
:
§
o
É
§
8
3
3
§
3
&
O
O

VIII-T-2
;
i
.OO 6
.OO4
TEMPERATURE,
2 3 4. 6
ENT HAL PY Of LEAD
(1° - Io e K)
2
Oſb
NORMAL
O4
O2
O. |
.O 6
.O4
JO2
.O |
•R
8 |O
SU P E R CON DUCT | NG
| 2 3 4 6
TEMPERATURE,
•K
2OO
| OO
6 O
40
2
O
O
6
24
O.
6
O.
4
O.
2
O 4
.O2
.O |



VIII-T-3
BTU/lb
ENTHALPY,
OOº.
2Oſ
9 Oſ
(NJ
C;
<!
O
Q
O
(NJ
O2
O O2
OO?
OO !
OOZ
XI o ‘‘3 & n.l. v § 3 d W= L
O8O 9O ț»
OO !O9
do º 3 & n.l.v. d3 d w 31
O9
O £
O 2
( X o OOº - oO 1 )
OV7 ET1
} 0 \\ d Ti V H L N 3
O ț»Oº
O 2
2O
t»O
9 O
O |
O2
Ot?
“A dil v H 1 NB
uſ 5/s a | no ſ

VIII-T-4
IX - THERMAL EXPANSIVITY OF SOLIDS
Introduction
Aluminum
Beryllium
Beryllium Copper
Brass (Yellow )
Constan tan
Copper
Glas S
l. Crown C-l
CONTENTS
. Borosilicate Crown BSC-l
BSC-2
. Light Bar ium Crown LBC- 2
Dense Flint DF-2
. Extra Dense Flint
2
3
4
5. Dense Barium Crown DBC-l
6
7
8
9. Bar ium Flint BF-l
10. Crown Flint CF-l
ll. Eastman Kodak No.
l2. Eastman Kodak No.
l3. Eastman Kodak No.
l 4. Eastman Kodak No.
15. Pyrex
16. Silica -
17. Glass and Copper
In C One l
Indium
In Var
I r On
Lead
Magnesium
MO nel
Nickel
DBC – 3
EDF-3
32
33
45
Niobium, Niobium-Titanium
IX—INDEX-1
.
Plastics
l. Araldite No. 501
2. Flurothene
3. Lucite
4. Nylon
5. Plexiglas
6. Polystyrene
7. Polythene
8 . Teflon
9. Kel-F , '
l(). Plastics and Copper
Platinum
Quartz
Silver
Soft Solder
Stain less Steels .
l. AISI 304
2 | || 3 l C
3. | | 3 l 6
4. | || 34.7
5 | 321
Steel SAE 1020, 9 Ni Steel
Tantalum
Tin (White)
Zinc
IX-INDEX-2
INTRODUCTION TO THERMAL EXPANSIVITY OF SOLIDS
Values of thermal expansion are given in the form of
a) total fractional expansion, *293 ºr- PT ; and (b) by coefficient
L
dL 293
: expansion . GT change per unit length per °K. For example
he total fractional expansion (or contraction) for copper for
O - O O-- .
temperature change from 293. 15 K (20 C) to 50 K is .00321
1./in . , i.e., a bar will be .003 2.l inches shorter at 50°K per
lch of length than it was at 293. 15 °k. However, the co-
fficient of expansion for copper at 50°K is .0000038 in./in.-‘’K,
e. it will expand (or contract) .0000038 inches per inch per
O
K temperature change from 50 K.
printed from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56
January 9,
1967
IX—A-1
THERMAL EXPANSION OF ALUMINUM
Source of Data ; Altman, Rubin and Johnston l954 •
Other References: Ayres 1950, Bijl and Pullan 1955, Buffington
and Latimer l926, Ebert l'928, Gibbons l'958,
Henning 1907, Hume–Rothery and Strawbridge
l947, Lindemann l9 ll, Nix and MacNair lº! l.

Table of Selected Values
sº +293 - PT # # tºº. *293 - "T # #
*293 per ‘’K *293 per ‘’K
o || 415 x 107* | 0 120 | 343 x 10^* | 1.46 × 10^*
LO || 415 " -.005 x 16°ll 140 || 312 | 1 1 .. 65 "
2O || 4 LS '' . O2 " . || 160 277 " 1.79 "
3 O 4l 4 " . O9 " l80 || 240 | l. 90 "
40 || 413 " . 22 " 200 | 20 l | 2 . OO "
50 410 " . 38 " 220 l l 60 ! ! 2. O8 "
60 405 " . 55 " 240 l l l 8 | 2. lº "
7O || 399 " . 74 " 260 75 " 2. 21 "
80 39 l " . 91. " 273 45 | | 2. 25 "
90 || 381 '' l. O 7 " 280 30 § { 2. 27 "
1OO 370 " l. 22 " 293 O | || 2 - 3 O "
300 | – l 6 | || 2. 32 ''
aken from NBS 29
IX—B-l
27O
45O
2,40
4 OO
2,]O
35O
|, 8 O
|--|
( 4 - Oſ Áq anſoa ºlduīnu) ». Jed ·+} +
O
$CN
O,90
O,6O
25O
2OO
|50
|OO
çez-I
Aq 3 ni D A KI diuinuu
( ）, ol Áq anſ|d|4|nuu)TOEēā5
2
C2
C/D
2
<![
Cl-
><
Lu
–1
<！[
>
QC
LU
IC
|-
O 3 O
ALUMINUM
Of
-30
|OO |5 O 2 OO 25O 3 O O
TEMPERATURE, *K
5 O

IX-B-2
O29）

O-O O Į į Ķ OTTIV Wn NIWTTW HO-, EHn LV HECHWEL STIS HEA NOIS’N Vd XE TV W BEH1
ył º 9 un 4 Du 3d uu a L
O82O #72O O 2O9||O 2 |O8O #7
- - ----ț7 °C) —
„ærſ
Lºr
„ºr2° O –
- Lº，
_^2^
»*2. ‘O –
_^ J^
„”•
»^|’ O –
»^
！O
||||| ‘O
29.OO|-O O 2–OO2 –OOț7 –
{
In 1 D. 1 ad uſ a 1
juao.1ad ‘uo Supdx3 loula ul
IX—B-3
THERMAL EXPANSION OF BERYLLIUM
Sources of Data: Erfling 1939
Hidnert and Sweeney l927
Other References: Head and Laquer l952
Discussion: Anisotropic. The above values were cal-
culated from the relation, Mean Value = 1/3
(l)+2/3 (-L ), where ( 11) and ( L ) signify the
the same property measured parallel and per-
pendicular, respectively, to the trigonal
(Sb, Bi) or hexagonal (Be, Cd) axis.

Table of Selected Values
º: º - PT # *g. º - PT # #
293 per K 293 per ‘’K
0 |131 x 107* | 0. 140 |119 x 10-3 | .34 x 10-4
20 | 13 l " 0.001 x 16° || 160 llll . .47 11
; O || 131. " . OO3 " l80 || 100 " . 59 º
o 131 " , OO 7 " 200 || 87.3 " . 7l !
0 llāl " ... O Lº " 220 | 72 ... O " . 82 tº J
O || 131 " .02 Jſ 240 || 54. 6 " . 92 |
'0 |130 " .04 | || 260 35. 2 " l.0l | ||
}0 | 130 " • 06 273 || 21.8 " l.06 |
}O | 129 " . 09 280 14 - 3 " l. 08 | 1
0 |128 " . 13 293 O ... O " l. 12 | ||
'O |l 24 " • 22 || || 300 || - 7 - 9 " l. lº | ||
Ren from NBS 29
IX-C-l
|,35
|35
|.2O
|2O
|.05
|O5
O.90
CD
OD
(g
(3_OI Áq ønıda ÁſdųInuu) ». Jød ºLP
UOO
№(o
OO
uſ)O
ſ^-(O
_O! Kq enĮDA ÁIdųInuu)
Tp
LO
<!－-
C
uſ)
<！－-
çez-ı
1-1 – 262-）
-|
O. 3O
3O
O.[5
| 5
2
C
(/)
?
0-
><
uJ
–1
<!C
>
CC
Lıl
TI
H-
BERYLLIUM
Of
3OO
25O
2OO
|50
|OO
5O
TEMPERATURE, *K

IX-C-2
Sources of Data ;
THERMAL
Other References:
Beenakker and Swenson l955
EXPANSION OF BERYLLIUM COPPER
Discussion: 2 Be, 0.3 Co, bal. Cu (BERYLCO 25).
Originally half-hagd, then he at treated
for 2 hours at 200 C. No observable
difference was found in the thermal
expansions for the two states of hardness.
Table of Selected Values
- |
Temp. L – L l dB Temp. L - L l dB
°k #. T L d'T °K #. T L GT
‘293 per OK 293 ~er 9K
- –5 –5 –5
O 316 x lo 0. l40 23 l x lo l. 24 x 10
lO || 316 " 0.004 x 10* || 160 | 206 l. 32 ! I
20 316 | || . OO 9 | || 180 179 | || l. 38 | ||
-
30 3 l 6 | || .05 | | 200 l61 ! I l .45 | 1
40 315 | | . 14 | || 220 l2l | | l. 52 ! I
50 | 313 " . 27 | || 240 90 " l. 60 |
60 309 | || . 43 | 1 260 57 | 1. 67 D
| 70 304 | || . 65 | || 273 35 | || l. 72 I
8O 296 | || .84 | | 28O 23 | l. 74 | |
90 287 I . 96 ! I 293 O ! I l. 79 | 1
100 277 | l.04 | 3OO — lº ! I l. 81 | |
120 255 | | l. lo | |

*aken from NBS 29
IX-D-1
;
#
34O
3OO
25O
2OO
|50
|OO
5O
– 20
THERMAL EXPANSION
of BERYLLIUM COPPER
5O |OO |5O 2OO
TEMPERATURE , *K
25O
|.7O
|.5O
|, 25
|.OO
O.75 o
s
_J|H.
~5 ITU
—|—||
O.5C)
O.25
3OO

IX-D-2
;
O.
–O.
—O.2
-- I emperature, r
– 4 OO – 30O –2OO — OO 32
| T. | | |
2^
2:
2.
~~
J’
P’
LT
- _LT
_L-T
4 O 8O |20 | 6O 2OO 24O 28O
Temperature, K
THERMAL EXPANSION VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR COPPER ALLOY 98 CU-2 BE
32O

soo, ſo:
80O
7OO
6CO H---
5OO
4 OO
3OO } --——
FOR 2 HR AT 392 °F (1088] Tº
---------- - - - - - - --- --- +- - - - - ------------4----- –
— — . --- - - - - - -----——l------------ — — — ... —--— — 4 -—- — . . . + 1
A, [137]
H, [137]
ORIGINALLY /2 H THEN HEAT TREATE
CONDITION UNKNOWN, [333, 768,
625, 627] -
`s A
`s Vº
---------- - - - - - --------------
2
+ 3OO } – …
%
THE BE FRY L.L. 1UM,
------ •-º-----> . ~~~~~ r
- -- - - - - - - - - - - ---- - -- J
- - - - - - } --
- 200 - |OO O |OO 2OO 3CO 4 OO -- sco
TEMPERATURE, * F
THERMAL EXPANSION OF BERYLCO” 25
CORFORAT CN OF AM,'E R1CA


TX-D-4
THERMAL EXPANSION OF BRASS (YELLOW)
Sources of Data: Altman, Rubin, and Johnston l954
Beenakker and Swenson 1955
Fraser and Hollis-Hallet lºs 5
Henning l907
Keyston, MacPherson,
Other References:
and Guptill l959
Discussion: 65 Cu, 35 Zn.
Table of Selected Values
ºp. +293 - PT # # tºp. P293 - PT # #
--- *293 per 9K *293 per ‘’K
O 384 x 107* | 0 140 269 x 10−9 |1.54 x 10-5
1O || 384 ° 0.001 x 10° || 160 |237 " l. 63 ''
20 383 " . 05 || l80 204 '' l. 69 "
30 382 " . l8 | I 2OO | 169 '' l. T 4. ''
40 380 " . 37 | 220 | 134 " l. 78 "
50 375 " . 58 240 || 98.4 " l. 81. "
60 3.68 " . 76 | | 260 | 61.8 " L. 85 "
70 360 " . 92 | || 273 || 37.3 " 1. 87 "
80 350 " l.06 | || 280 | 24. 6 " L. 88 "
90 339 " l. 18 | | 293 O ... O " L. 90 "
lOO 3.26 " l. 29 | 300 | – l 3 - 3 '' 1 - 9 l "
l2O 299 " l. 44

Taken from NBS 29
IX-E-1
|.95
390
|.75
350
|,50
3OO
|.25
25O
(g_OI Áq øn|DA ÁIdųInuu) ».,Jądº LP
OU(T)
ON;
----CD
2OO
15O
(g_O|Áq anĮDA KĻdųInuu)l
Tp
gez-ı
-ı_26z-ı
O.5O
2
C
CO
ā
C\，
><
LLI
–1
<ſ
>
0，2
u l-
~~
H-
|OO
！
O
–1
–1
Lu |
>t
(/)
C/>
<[
CC
CO
©） »
O
O.25
5O
–2O
|OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE ,
5O
•K

IX-E-2
600, 16%
5CO
4 OO }
- COND|T |ON UNKNOWN Z
(*- /
- /
2OO }… -- ! -----------4-----
| OO } – ---4---------- H -----—# -------------
§ 2^s. tº
J
- 200 F. : . . .<--------> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -* * 2T T- | |- - T - - - - - - - -
- 3 OOH - ---------- ~~~~ 2* ---------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - --~~~~~ *-** -- * : * ~ * ---------~~~~~ -- - - - - - -, -, -e-. . --------- ~~~~$-------~~~. = ------ - - - - - - - - - - - -----------|---------> -- . . ... -----...- -- .
º 4 CO X- - - - - - - - * -- w .-- * ****** *-* * * * *-** --- *-* - ~ *-* *-*-*-* -- * * * *-* * * - - - - 3. . *. ------
sº 5OO * : * : * * *---> * - - - - ---. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -º-º-º-º-º-º: “
* 6GO - * : * -------- ~ * * * * - - - - - - - - ------
gº 7CO }* - - - - - - - y. --- - - - – -- - - - - --... a = * * * * *-**-* - : *.*... → ... • *s
º 8CO * * * * * * * *-*-** *- - - - - ----- - - $- - ---------- ~~~~ . . . . . . . . . . ... -------------- $... ---...- - - ----- - ---. § - - - ,----- --—------J - ---------------- * * → • - -
- SC1) - –!--...-
- 460 - 4, CO
• * ** * * * * - -ºº ºmºsº. *- : * * * * * *** ****-* * *
- sco -200 - |OO O |OO 2OO 3CO . 4 OO • * * * sco
TEMPERATURE, *F • ‘
THERMAL, EXPANSION OF 70/30 BfNASS

IX-E-3
Sources of Data ;
THERMAL, EXPANSION OF CONSTANTAN
Other References:
Discussion:
Adyama and Ito l939
Krupkowski and dePiaas l928
Henning 1907
Krupkowski l929
50 Cu, 50 Ni. The name Constantan is
applied to binary alloys in the range,
60 to 45 Cu, 40 to 55 Ni. The most common
composition is 55 Cu, 45 Ni. The above ex-
pansion data should represent all Constantan
within a few percent.
of magnetic origin occur in this system .
fegromagnetic Curie points rangg from about
0 K for 40% Ni to roughly 150 K for 55% Ni
Table of Selected Values
Small expansion anoma
º: º T # # *. º PT #
293 per 9K 293 per
20 269 x 107* 180 148 x 107* | 1.21 × 107
60 258 " 0.46 × 10^* || 200 | 124 1 - 26 ''
70 253 " , 56 " 220 98 - 1 '' l. 30 "
80 24, 7 " .66 " 240 7] e 8 " l. 33 "
90 240 " . 75 " 260 45 - O " 1 - 35 "
100 232 " , 83 " 273 27, 3 " l. 36 "
i.20 | 214 " , 9 6 " 280 17 - 8 " 1 - 37 ''
1 4 0 || || 94. " 1.06 " 293 O ... O " 1.37 "
1.60 | 1.72 " l, lºſ. " 300 – 9 - 6 '' l. 38 ''
Taken from NBS
29
Th

IX-F-1
(g-OIKq enĮDAÁIdųInuu)yļa, º uºd ºLP 1
LO
N-
G
|,35
|.25
|.OO
O,50
O.25
2OO 25O 3OO
|50
CONSTANTAN
TEMPERATURE,
Of
2
Q
(f)
ź
OL
><
Li ]
–1
<[
>
0，
LLI
TC
H-
|OO
5O
27O
25O
2OO
|50
|OO
5O
O
— |O
262-）
(5_OI Áq en da ÁſdųInu)
1 -- … C`º 2 --_. --
o K

IX-F-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF COPPER
Source of Data :
Rubin, T., Altman, H.W. and Johnston, H. L., J. Am. Chem • Soc. 76,
5289–93 (1954)
Other References:
Simmons, R.O. and Balluffi, R.W., Phys. Rev. loS, 278-80 (1957)
Beenakker, J. J.M. and Swenson, C.A., Rev. Sci. Instr. 26 l2O4 (1955)
Bijl, D. and Pullan H. , Physica 21, 285 (1955)
Fraser, D. B. and Hollis-Hallet, A. C., Proc. 9th Intern . Congr.
Refrig. 1, 1065 (1955)
Nix, F.C. and MacNair, D., Phys. Rev. 60, 597–605 (1941)
Adyama, S. and Ito, T., Sci. Repts. Tohoku Univ. 27, 348-64 (lº 39)
Adenstedt, H., Ann. Physik 26, 69–96 (1936)
Simon, F. and Bergmann, R., Z. Physik Chem. 8, 255–80 (1930)
Krupkowski, A. and DeHaas, W. J. , Communs. Phys. Lab . Univ.
Leiden l94b (1928)
Keesom, W.H., Van Agt, F. P.G. and Jansen, A.T. J., Proc.
Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 29, 786–91 (1926)
Buffington, R.M. and Latimer, W.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48
2305–19 (1926) -
Borelius, G. and Johansson, C. H., Ann. Physik 75, 23–36 (1924)
Lindemann, C. L., Phys. Z. l.2, ll.97–99 (1911)
Henning, F. , Ann. Physik (4) 22, 631-39 (1907)
Dorsey, H. G., Phys. Rev. 25, 88–102 (1907)
Keyston, MacPherson and Gupstill (1959)
Table of Selected Values
mp - L – L l di. Temp. L - L l dI.
293 T L dº °k #. T L d;
293 per K 293 per K
-5 --5 – 5
O 3.26 x 10 O –5 l2O | 260 x 10 l. 20 x lo
O 3.26 | | 0.004 x 10 l40 || 235 | ? l. 32 | |
O 3.26 § { , 0.3 $ 8 l60 | 208 | || l. 4l i
O 3 25 § { • 10 1 l80 l79 § l. 47 || ||
O 3.24 11 • 23 | | 200 || 149 iſ $ l. 52 | ||
O 3.21 ! I • 38 11 220 l l 8 § { l, 56 | ||
O 3 l 6 ! I , 55 § { 240 87 § j l. 59 | ||
O 3 l O . TO | 260 55 I l. 62 | 1
O 3 O 2 I .84 | | 273 33 | 1 l. 64 I
O 293 , I , 95 | | 280 22 † : l, 65 | 1
O 283 | || | l . O5 | 1 293 O l, 67 i 1
300 — ll | ? - 1 - 68 1 I
en from NBS 29




IX—G-1
| 70
34O
| 50
3OO
|.25
25O
( g_O|Á q a n | D A Á | d | | | nuu)», uad‘ =ī5T
LO
O№-
C)C
| –
----
–- ----
2 OO
|50
( o o ! Kq anſ da ÁId !!!nu )
19 TT
O,50
|OO
çez q
T=T） sz+
O.25
5 O
2
Q
C/O
2
<ſ
Cl-
><
Li ]
–1
<!C
>
Cr，
Li ]
IC
H-
COPPER
Of
–2O
|OO |5 O 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE ,°K
50

IX-G-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF CROWN C-1 GLASS
Sources of Data: Molby l949.
Other References: Dorsey 1907.
Discussion: Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

Tâmp. P293 - PT ||Tâmp. 1293 - PT
R L K L
293 293
-5 –5
80 | 134 x 10 220 || 55 x 10
90 || 130 " 240 || 4 l "
100 l26 " 260 || 26 "
l2O ll 6 '' 273 || 16 "
14 O | 105 " 280 | LO "
l60 95 " 293 O "
l80 82 " 3OO || -- 6 "
2O O 69 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-1. 1
|35
|
;
#
|25
|OO
7
5
5 O
25
50
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
CROWN
C-1 (BAUSCH & LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-1. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS BSC-l
Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
Molby 1949.
Dorsey l907.
Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

º: *293 - "T º: *293 - PT
*293 *293
80 133 x 107* || 220 53 x 10 Tº
90 l 28 " 240 || 39 '''
lOO | 124 '' 260 25 "
l2O ll 4 " 273 || 15 . "
l40 LO4 " 280 | 10 "
l60 92 " 293 || 0 "
18O 80 " 300 || – 6 "
200 67 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-2. 1
|35
f
|25
|OO
75
5O
#
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
BOROSILICATE CROWN
BSC-I (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-2. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL, GLASS BSC-2
Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
Molby 1949.
Dorsey l907.
Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

º L t- © tº-
"3"|P: P293 - PT ||"E.P. P293 - PT
K L K | –
293 293
–5 -5
80 ll 2 x 10 220 45 x 10
90 109 " 240 33 "
100 105 " 260 2l "
l2O 97 " 273 13 "
l40 88 " 280 8 "
l60 77 m 293 O "
l80 66 " 3OO –5 "
200 57 m
Taken from NBS 29
IX-H-3.1
||5
;
#
|OO
75
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
BOROSILICATE CROWN
BSC-2 (BAUSCH & LOMB Co., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-3. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL, GLASS LBC- 2
Sources of Data: Molby 1949.
Other References: Dorsey 1907.
Discussion: Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

*. *293 - "T *. *293 - "T
*293 *293
80 137 x 107* || 220 54 x 10^*
90 132 " 240 40 "
100 128 " 260 25 "
l20 117 " 273 15 "
lAO 106 " 280 10 ”
l60 95 " 293 O "
l80 82 " 300 –5 "
200 68 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-4. 1
|40
|
;
#
|25
|OO
75
5O
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
LIGHT BARIUM CROWN
LBC-2 (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-4. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS DBC-l
Sources of Data: Molby 1949.
Other References: Dorsey l907.
Discussion: Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

Tâmp. P293 - *T Tamp. *293 - PT
K L K L
293 293
so | 110 × 10^* | 220 || 44 x 10–9
90 107 " 240 || 33 "
100 | 104 " 260 21 ''
l2O 95 " 273 || 13 "
l40 87 " 280 8 "
l60 77 m 293 O "
180 67 " 300 – 5 "
200 56 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX–H–5. 1
|||O
|
;
#
|OO
75
50
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
DENSE BARIUM CROWN
DBC-I (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
5O |OO |50
TEMPERATURE, 2K
2OO
25O
3OO

IX—H-5. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS DBC-3
Sources of Data: Molby l949.
Other Reference S : Dorsey l907.
Discussion: Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

Tâmp. P293 - PT || TºmP: P293 - PT
K L K L
293 293
–5 –5
80 lO5 x 10 220 || 42 x lo
90 | 101. " 240 || 3 | "
l OO 98 " 26O 20 "
120 90 " 273 || 12 "
l40 82 " 280. 8 "
l60 73 " 293 O "
180 63 " 300 | – 4 "
200 53 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-6. 1
|||O
|
;
;
|OO
7
5
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
DENSE BARIUM CROWN
DBC-3 (BAUSCH & LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |5O 2OO
TEMPERATURE, "K
25O
3OO

IX—H-6. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS DF2
Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
Molby l949.
Dorsey loo7.
Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given .
Table of Selected Values

tºp. *293 - PT º: *293 - PT
*293 *293
80 | 136 × 107* || 220 52 x 107*
90 | 131 " 240 38 ''
LOO | 126 " 260 || 24 "
120 115 " 273 || 15 "
l40 l04 " 280 | |
L60 92 '' 293 O "
18O || 79 " 3 OO | – 5 "
200 | 66 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-7. 1
|40
|
;
#
| 25
|OO
75
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
DENSE FLINT
DF2 (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-7. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS EDF-3
Sources of Data :
Other References:
Discussion:
Molby lo/9
Dorsey l907
Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

TºmP. P293 - PT ||Tâmp. P293 - PT
K L K L
293 293
–5 –5
80 | 139 x 10 220 | 53 x 10
90 l35 " 24O || 39 ''
LOO || 130 " 260 25 "
12 O ll 8 '' 273 || 15 "
140 l06 " 280 | LO "
160 94 " 293 O "
180 || 8 l " 3OO | – 5 "
2OO || 67 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-8. 1
|40
|
;
#
|25
|OO
75
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
EXTRA DENSE FLINT
EDF-3 (BAUSCH 8 LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-8. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS BF-l
Sources of Data: Molby 1949.
Other References: Dorsey l907.
Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given .
Discussion:
Table of Selected Values

L – L L – L
Temp. 293 T Temp. 29.3 T
°K L °K L
293 293
–5 —5
8O l42 x 10 220 56 x 10
90 137 | 1 240 4l | |
100 l33 | 260 26
l2O l22 | || 273 l6 ! I
l40 lll | 280 10 | ||
l60 98 | 293 O |
18O 85 | | 300 –5 | ||
200 71 ||
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-9. 1
|60
|
†
#
—l
|25
|OO
7
5
5O
25
–2O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
BARIUM FLINT
BF-1 (BAUSCH & LOMB CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-9. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS CF-l
Sources of Data: Molby 1949.
Other References: Dorsey l907.
Discussion: Bausch and Lomb Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

tºp. º - PT º: º - PT
293 293
80 |llo x 10^* 220 44 x 107*
90 | 107 " 240 33 "
lOO | 104 " 260 21 "
l2O | 95 " 273 13 "
l4O | 87 " 280 . 8 "
l60 77 " 293 o "
180 || 67 " 3 OO –5 "
200 || 56 "
Taken from NBS 29
Ix-H-10.1
|||O
|
*
#
|OO
75
5
O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
CROWN FLINT
CF-1 (BAUSCH & LOMB Co., DESIGNATION.)
|OO |50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
3OO

IX—H-10. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO. ll
Sources of Data: Molby 1949
Other References: Dorsey l907
Discussion: Eastman Kodak Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

Temp. *293 - PT Temp. |*293 "T
°K L °k L
293 293
–5 –5
80 l00 x 10 220 42 x 10
90 97 | || 240 3 l ||
loo 94 " 260 20 ||
l2O | 88 | | 273 l2 |
14 O | 80 | 28O 8 | ||
160 | 72 I 293 O |
l80 | 63 | || 300 –4
200 || 53 | |
Taken from NBS 29
IX-H-11. 1
|||O
|
;
#
|OO
7
5
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS
No. 1 (EASTMAN KODAK CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-11.2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO. 32
Sources of Data: Molby l949.
Other References: Dorsey l907.
Discussion: Eastman Kodak Co. designation.
Composition was not given .
Table of Selected Values

tºp. *293 - PT º: *293 - PT
*293 *293
80 |102 x 107* 220 42 x 107*
90 99 " 240 3 l "
lOO 96 " 260 2O "
l2O 89 " 273 12 "
l40 81 " 280 || 8 "
l60 72 m 293 O "
18O 63 " 300 –4 "
200 53 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-12. I
|||O
|
;
#
|OO
7
5
5
O
25
5O
THERMAL, EXPANSION
of OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS
NO. 32 (EASTMAN KODAK CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX-H-12.2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO 33
Sources of Data: Molby 1949.
Other References: Dorsey l907
Discussion: Eastman Kodak Co. designation.
Composition was not given.
Table of Selected Values

TÉ P. P293 - PT || Tºp: I.293 - IT
K | – K L
293 293
–5 –5
80 || 92 x 10 220 || 39 x 10
90 90 " 240 || 29 "
LOO 87 " 260 18 "
120 | 83 " 273 || 11 "
140 || 74 " 280 || 7 "
160 | 66 " 293 O "
l80 58 ! I 300 –4 |
200 || 49 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-13. 1
|||O
|
i
#
|OO
75
5
O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
NO, 33
(EASTMAN KODAK CO, , DESIGNATION)
|OO |50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
3OO

IX—H-13. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF OPTICAL GLASS NO. 45
Sources of Data: Molby 1949.
Other References: Dorsey l907.
Discussion: Eastman Kodak Co. designation.
Composition was not given .
Table of Selected Values

ºne. *293 - PT ºp. *293 – PT
K *293 K *293
80 96 x 10^* 220 42 x 10"?
90 94 " 240 31 "
LOO || 9 || " 260 | 20 "
l2O 85 " 273 12 "
140 78 " 280 8 "
160 70 m 293 O "
l80 62 " 300 –4 "
200 52 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-14. 1
|||O
iº
;
;
|OO
7
5
5
O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS
No. 45 (EASTMAN KODAK CO., DESIGNATION)
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-14. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF PYREX
Sources of Data: Head and Laquer l952
Other References: Buffington and Latimer l926
Tool and Saunders l948
Winter-Klein l950
Discussion:
Table of Selected Values

ºp. *293 - PT º *293 - PT
*293 *293
o |54.7 x 107* || 180 |32.2 x 10"?
20 55.7 " 2OO 27 . 2 "
40 || 56 - 7 " 220 |21. 7 ''
60 || 56 - 2 " 24 O | 15 - 7 "
BO 53. 7 " 260 | 10. 2 "
100 || 50 - 2 " 273 || 6 - 2 "
120 || 46. 2 " 280 || 4 - 2 "
140 || 4 l. 7 " 293 || O ... O "
160 | 37.2 " 300 | – 2. 3 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX—H-15. 1
66
*
#
6O
5O
4
O
3
O
2O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of PYREX
|OO
|50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
3OO

THERMAL EXPANSION OF SILICA GLASS
Sources of Data:
Discussion:
Other References:
Keesom and Doborzynski l934
Scheel and Heuse l'914
The thermal expansion of silica glass
(fused silica, vitreous silica) quartz
glass), though small, is variable from
sample to sample. The above values are
thought to be fairly representative of
average behavior. The temperature of
minimum length can vary from 180 to 230 K.
Variations from the above values as large
as 2x107* below 180°K and 50% from 180 to
300°K are possible -
Beattie et al. 194l
Dorsey lºC)7.
Head and Laquer lºS2, Henning l907, Scheel
1907, Scott lº 33, Sosman l927, Souder and
Hidnert lº26, Valentiner and Wallot l915.
Table of Selected Values

L - L O -
293 T º L PT
L
293 293
20
40
60
8O
lOO
l2O
l40
l60
–8 x 10-9 || 180 | 2.32 x 10-5
–6. 60 | 200 2. 36 ! I
–4. 90 | 220 2. l8
–3.02 ! | 240 l. 81 | |
-l. 4l | | 260 l. 26
–0. l.2 | | 273 0.8l ! I
+O . 87 | || 28O 0.54 1
l. 6l || 293 0.0
2. O8 | | 300 |-0 . 29 ! I
Taken
from NBS 29
IX—H-16. 1
|:
;
#
tº-
2
, -
4
5O
|OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
of SILICA GLASS
|5O - 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX—H-16.2

THERMAL EXPANSION OF INCONEL
Sources of Data: Altman, Rubin, and Johnston l952
Other References: Lucks and Deem l958
Discussion: 80 Ni, la Cr, 6 Fe.
Table of Selected Values

tºp. *293 - "T ## tºp. *293 - PT ##
*293 per 9K *293 per ‘’K
o 229 x 107* | 0. 140 174 x 107* | .91 x 10"?
LO 229 " 16O | lS4 " 1. OO "
20 229 " 0.003 x 16°|| 180 | 134 " l. O 7 "
3O 229 " .03 " 200 | 112 " l. 12 "
40 228 " ... lo " 220 | 89. l. " l. 16 "
50 227 " . 19 " 240 || 65 - 6 " l. 20 "
60 224 " . 28 " 260 || 4l. 4 " 1.23 "
7O 22 l " . 38 " 273 || 25 - 2 " 1 - 25 "
80 217 " . 48 " 280 | 16. 6. " l. 26 "
90 2ll. " . 57 " 293 O - O " l. 29 ''
LOO | 205 " ... 65 " 300 | – 9 - O " 1 - 30 "
120 | 19 l " ... 79 "
Taken from NBST29
IX-I-1
23O
225
2OO
|75
|50
|25
|OO
;
#
75
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of INCONEL
|OO
|5O
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
|.38
|,35
|.20
|.O5
O.90
O,75
O
6
O
=
s
—||
—
O,45
O.30
O, 5
— O, O6
3OO

IX—I-2
Source of Data:
Other References:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF INDIUM
Swenson l955.
Hidnert and Blair 1943.
Discussion: In the two investigations above, the ex-
perimental methods and sample purities were
very similar. Yet the two points by Hidnert
tº tº- L d (L - L
and Blair, (+273 º L 95% 273 an ( 2ZE s3)/
*273' are respéâtively 7% afid 4% less a ſl
Swenson's corresponding points. Swenson's
data have been adopted solely because they
include more points over a wider temperature
range .
Table of Selected Values
L º O - L
Temp: P293- PT l, di. Temp. L293 - PT l di.
°K —H L d; °K L L dT
293 per K 293 per OK
–5 - –5 * –5
O 706 x 10 0. l2O 500 x 10 2.52 x 10
10 || 706 " o.2 x 107* l40 || 448 | | 2 . 63 "
2O 7 Ol ! ! O .. 7 l60 394 | | 2. 72 |
30 69 l | l. 3 | || 18O 339 2 . 79
40 |676 " l. 7 | || 200 282 | 2 . 86 "
50 658 ! I l.9l I 220 224 I 2.93 ! I
60 638 | 2.04 | 240 l65 | 1 3. Ol || ||
70 617 | || 2. lb | | 260 lC4 I 3. O 8
8O 595 | || 2.24 | | 273 63 | || 3. l.2 | |
90 572 | || 2. 32 280 42 | | 3. lS
10 O 549 ! . 2. 39 || || 293 O | | 3. 20
300 –22 3. 22 | 1

Taken from WADD 60-56
IX-J-1
|
i
#
85 O
8 OO
7 OO
6O O
500
4 OO
3 O O
2 OO
|OO
- 5 O
5 O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of IND|UM
| O O |5 O 2 O O
TEMPERATURE, *K
25 O
3, 4
3.2
2.8
2
4
2
O
:
6
O. 8
3 O O

IX—J-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF INVAR
Sources of Data :
Other References:
Discussion:
Beenakker and Swenson l955
Chevenard l9 la
Gregg l954
Masumoto l934
Molby 1912
Scheel l92l
The expansions of the Invar alloys are
sensitive to composition and he at treat-
ment. The above data are for an alloy
believed to be 42 Ni, 0.8 Mn, bal. Fe,
annealed (Lloyd B. Nesbitt, Private
Communication). Although Beenakker and
Swenson referred to this as "Invar", this
composition approximates the alloy, Dumet,
used for sealing to glass. In the iron-
nickel alloy system, the minimum value of
room temperature expansion coefficient
occurs at about 36% Ni .
Table of Selected Values

tºp. º - PT tºp. º - LT
29.3 29.3
O 52 x 10"? l40 39 x 10^*
l0 52 !! l60 34 | 1
20 52 | || 18O 29 | |
30 52 ! I 20 O 23
40 52 | 220 18 ! I
50 52 § 1 240 l4 | |
60 52 | || 260 8 . 6 ''
70 51 | || 273 5. 2 "
80 50 | 1 28O 3.4 "
90 49 | || 293 O
lOO 47 | | 300 —l. 8 ''
l2O 43 | ||
Taken from NBS 29
IX-K–1
56
;
#
5O
40
3O
2
O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of |NVAR
|OO |50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
3OO

IX-K-2
Sources of Data:
Other References:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF IRON
Ebert l928, Nix and MacNair l94l
Adenstedt l936, Dorsey l907, Simon and
Bergmann l930 -
Owen and Williams lºs4.
Table of Selected Values
ºp. º - PT ## º: º - PT # #
293 perOK 293 per ‘’K
o 198 x 107* | 0 l40 156 × 10^*| 0.76 x 107*
2O | 198 " 0.01 x 10° || 160 l40 | 1 O - 86 "
3 O | 198 " ... O 3 " 18O l22 | O .94 "
40 197 " ... O 7 " 200 102 | | l. OO "
5 O 196 " . 13 " 220 82 | | l. O5 ''
60 195 " . 20 " 240 60 | || l. O 9 "
70 | 192 " . 28 260 38 " | 1.13
8O | 189 " . 35 " 273 23 | l. la "
90 185 " . 42 28O 15 l. 15 "
100 | 181 " . 49 " 293 O | || l. 16 "
12O 170 " . 63 300 –8 | l. 17 "

Taken from NBS 29
IX-L-1
;
|
#
225
2OO
|75
|50
|25
|OO
7
5
5O
25
5O
|OO
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of IRON
|50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
|.35
|.2O
|.O5
O90
O.75
O,3O
O.15
3OO
§:

IX-L-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF LEAD
Sources of Data: Dheer and Surange l958, Ebert l928, Nix and
MacNair l942, Olsen and Rohrer 1957.
Other References: Dorsey l908, Gruneisen l910, Head and Laquer
l952, Lindemann l9 ll, McLennan, Allen and
Wilhelm lº 3 l .
Discussion: Superconducting lead has a slightly greater
volume and a slightly smaller expansion coeffi-
cient than normal lead according to data by
Olsen and Rohrer covering the region from lo
to the transititon temperature, 7.2°K. For
example, the difference in expansion coeffi-
cients at 5°K is about 10%.
Table of Selected Values

tºp. º - PT # # tºp. *293 - PT ##
293 per OK *293 per OK
o 708 x 107* | 0 120 477 x 107* | 2.56 × 107°
5 708 " 0.03 x 10^*|| 140 425 | | 2.63 "
10 || 707 '' O - 32 '' L60 | 372 | || 2 . 68 ''
2O || 7 OO " l. 1 ! I 180 || 318 | || 2 . 72 "
3 O | 686 " l. 7 | || 200 || 263 | 1 2. 75 "
4 O | 667 '' 2.0 | I 220 | 208 | | 2. 78 "
50 | 646 " 2.2 [ ] 240 l52 | 2 . 82 ''
60 | 624. " 2.3 ! I 260 96 | I 2.85 "
70 | 60 l " 2.4 | || 273 58 | | 2.88 ''
80 577 " 2.4 | 28O 38 ! I 2.89 ''
90 552 " 2.5 | || 293 O 2.9 | ||
LOO || 5 28 " 2.5 | 300 || – 20 2.9 | |
Taken from NBS 29
IX-M-1
3.4
85O
3.2
8OO
2.8
7OO
6OO
(5_OI ÁG
2O
5OO
enĮDA Áļdų[nuu) ył., uºdº
4 OO
3OO
(4_Oſ Áq ønIda KidųInu)
1. P. l.
~] p |
oo
O
2OO
262-）
L-|- 262-）
O,4
2
Q
(/)
3
Cl-
>.<
Li ]
–1
<ſ
>
0，
LLI
I
|-
|OO
CD
<[
Lu |
–1
��~
O
—50
|OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
5O

IX-M-2
Sources of Data ;
THERMAL EXPANSION OF MAGNESIUM
Other References:
Ebert 1928
Goens and Schmid l936
Head and Laquer l952
Gruneisen l9 lo
Hidnert and Sweeney lº28
Discussion: Anisotropic. The above values were
calculated from the relation, Mean Value =
l/3 ( || ) + 2/3 (–L), where ( || ) and (-L)
signify the same property measured parallel
and perpendicular, respectively, to the
hexagonal axis.
Table of Selected Values
Temp. L. - L l di. Temp. L - L l du
°k #. T L d'T °k #. T L dT
293 per 9K 293 per ‘’K
–5 –5 –5
0 || 490 x 10 0. l40 || 356 x 10 l. 94 x lo
lC) || 490 " 0.005 x 10° || 160 | 316 " 2. lo "
2O 4.90 | .04 || l80 273 | | 2 - 22
30 || 489 " . lé | 200 227 in 2 - 32 ''
40 48 6 | | . 33 | | 220 180 | 2. 39 § {
5 O 482 | | . 57 | 240 l32 | 2.44 |
60 4.75 | .8l | | 260 82.9 " 2.48 |
70 466 tº l. 03 | | 273 5 O - 4 " 2.5l | ||
80 454 f : l. 22 | | 28O 32 . 9 in 2.52 |
90 44l | | l. 39 | 293 O ... O iſ 2.54 | |
lOO 427 | } l. 54 | || 3OO – l 7 . 8 '' 2. 55 | |
l2O 393 || l. 76 | ||
Taken from NBS 29

IX-N-1
;
|º
#
54O
500
4OO
3OO
2OO
|OO
– 4O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of MAGNESIUM
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
2.7
2.5
2.O
|.O
i
#
s
—|
—
O,5
3OO

IX-N-2
Sources of Data :
Other References:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF MONEL
Altman, Rubin,
Ackerman l936
and Johnston l952
Aoyama and Ito l939
Fraser and Hollis-Hallet l'955
Krupkowski and de Haas lº28
Discussion: 67 Ni, 30 Cu, l. 5 Fe, "cold-rolled".
Table of Selected Values
tºp. º - PT # º: º - PT #
293 per K 293 per K
O 251 x 107* | 0. 140 | 187 x 107* | 0.99 x 10"?
10 || 25l. " 0.003 x 107*|| 160 | 167 " l. O8 ''
20 25l. ! ! .02 | | 18O l44 I l. lº | |
30 251 | | .06 | | 200 l2l | | l. 20 | ||
40 250 | | . 14 | | 220 96.4 " l. 25 | |
50 248 | || . 23 | | 240 70.9 " l. 29 | |
60 245 ! { . 34 I 260 44 . 7 '' l. 33
70 244 | | .46 | | 273 27. 1 " l. 35 ! I
80 236 j} . 57 | | 28O l5. 1 '' l. 36 |
90 230 | . 67 || 293 O ... O " l. 38 |
lOO 223 | | . 75 | || 300 – 9 - 7 '' l. 39 | 1
l2O 206 | || . 89 | |
Taken from NBS 29
IX-0–1
Kq ºn I DA ÁIdi 11 nuuu ºd• LP la
(g–OlQſeº,|d|4|nuu) yła,Tp |
N-
O
|,40
|, 25
|,OO
O,50
O, 25
2OO 25O 3OO
|50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2
C
(Á)
2
$
><
Li ]
–1
<C
>
0，
LJ
2 C
H-
|OO
5O
28O
25O
2OO
|50
|OO
c6z-
(5_ol Kq ønıda KidųInu)Tī£5ā

IX-0-2
Sources of Data:
Other References:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF NICKEL
Krupkowski and DeHaas lº28, Nix and
MacNair lº! l.
Adenstedt l936, Altman, Rubin and Johnston
l954, Aoyama and Ito l939, Disch l92l, Henning
l907, Simon and Bergmann l930.
Table of Selected Values

Tâmp. P293 - PT l di. TÉmp : P293 - PT | 1 dB
K L d'T K L dº
L O L K
293 per K 293 per
- –5 –5 –5
0 |224 x lo 0. 140 l71 x lo 0.88 x lo
20 224 | || 0.02 × 10^* l60 l52 | O . 98 ''
3 O 224. " .05 " 180 l32 | | l. O5 "
40 223 | ... 10 " 200 lll | 1. 10 . "
50 22 l " . 19 " 220 88 | 1 l. LS ''
60 219 '' . 28 '' 240 65 ! I l. 19 "
70 216 " . 38 '' 260 4l | || l. 22 "
80 || 2 ll. " . 47 " 273 25 | || 1 - 23 ''
90 206 " . 55 " 28O l6 | l. 24 "
LOO | 20 l " . 6l. " 293 O ! I l. 26 | 1
l2O | 187 | | . 75 " 300 –9 | l. 26 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-P-1
;
|
#
225
2OO
I75
|5O
|25
|OO
75
5O
25
THERMAL EXPANSION
of NICKEL
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
|.35
|.2O
|O5
O.90
O.75
O,6O
O45
O.30
O.[5
3OO
e
s
l—

IX-P-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF NIOBIUM
Sources of Data: Erfling l942.
Other References: Hidnert and Krider lº 33.
Discussion: Also termed columbium.
Table of Selected Values
sº º - PT # # *. *293 - PT ##
293 per"K *293 per ‘’K
o 143 x 107* | 0. 140 | 99.4 x 10°l .56 × 10^*
lO 16O || 87.7 " . 59 °
20 143 '' .03 x 107*|| 180 | 75.5 " . 62 "
3 O || 143 '' ... O 9 tº 2OO | 63.0 " . 64
40 || 14 l " . 17 m 220 || 50.0 " . 66
50 139 " . 24. " |
60 || 137 " . 31. " 240 || 36.7 " . 67 " '
7O | 133 " . 36 " 260 || 23 . l " . 68 "
80 | 129 " . 40 " 273 || 14 . 1 " . 69 "
90 | 125 " . 44 " 28O 9 . 2 " . 69 "
OO | 121 " .47 m 293 O ... O . 70 "
2O lll. " . 52 300 | – 5 - O . 70 "
|Ken from NBS 29


IX-Q–1
17O
|50
|25
|OO
75
;
#
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of NIOBIUM
|OO
|5O
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
|,O2
O.90
O.75
O,6O
:
O,45 –
#5
~ || “O
O.30
O. 5
3OO

IX-Q-2
f
O.O 2
O.O2
O.O 4
O O 6
O. O.8
| r—ſ T-IT-TTTT i T-I-T-I-T-I-TTT T I-I-I-I
}*-*s s-
— tºº
sº —
Nb - 33 °/o Ti
* | *4
Nb – 26 % Ti *=
§ b - $8 °/o Ti Gº
|-- Nb - 9%. Ti —ſ
|-sº Nb – 45%. Ti —
* 3- -
|- nº-asy, Tſ - –
|--|--|--|--|--|- | | | | | | | | | | | I | 1 ||
| 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |O 2O 3O 4 O 50 | OO 2 OO 3OO 4 OO
Temper of ure, K
THERMAL EXPANSION VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR NB-T I-A LLC) YS



THERMAL EXPANSION OF ARALDITE NO. 501
Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
Laquer and Head l952.
Epoxy casting resin made by Ciba Co.
40 g of the material was catalyzed with
2 ml triethanolamine . Cured 8 hr. at
l20° C and then 24 hr. at 180° C.
Table of Selected Values

tºº. º - PT *gº. º - PT
293 293
O |1061 x 10-5 200 | 505 x 10-5
20 1051. " 220 || 4 lo "
40 || 1022 " 240 || 308 "
60 983 " 260 | 199 "
8O 935 " 273 || 122 "
l00 880 " 280 81 "
l2O 819 " 293 O "
l40 75l. " 300 || – 46 "
l60 676 "
l80 594 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-l. 1
|[5O
|
f
;
|||OO
|OOO
900
8OO
7OO
6OO
5OO
4OO
3OO
2OO
|OO
–5O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of ARALDITE NO, 50|
|OO |50
TEMPERATURE, * K
2OO
25O
3OO

IX-R-1. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF FLUCROTHENE or KEL-F
Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
Laquer and Head l952.
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene. The
samples were , respectively, from a
5 in . diameter rod of Fluorothene made
by Union Carbon and Carbide and from a
l/16 in . thick sheet of Kel-F made by
M.W. Kellog and Co. -
Table of Selected values

*gº. º - PT º: º - PT
293 293
0 |1135 x 107* || 180 604 x 107*
20 lll.4 " 200 517 "
40 1070 " 220 424. "
60 || 1019 '' 240 3.24. "
80 962 " 260 214 "
lOO 900 " 273 134 "
l2O 834 . " 280 90 "
l40 763 " 293 O "
l60 686 " 300 - 52 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-2. 1
||50
|.
i
#
|||OO
|OOO
900
8OO
7OO
6OO
5OO
40O
3OO
2OO
– 5O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of FLUOROTHENE or KEL-F
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX-R-2. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF LUCITE
Sources of Data: Laquer and Head l952.
Other References:
Discussion: Polymethylmethacrylate. "Probably
DuPont Lucite". Average of two samples
from rod stock.
Table of Selected Values

º: *293 "T º: *293 "T
*293 *293
o 1134 x 107*|| 180 | 632 x 107*
2O ll 23 '' 2OO || 54 O "
40 | LO 92 '' 220 || 44 l "
60 | 1048 " 240 || 335 "
80 995 " 26O 22O "
100 936 " 273 || 136 "
120 869 " 280 91. "
140 796. " 293 O "
l60 717 m 3OO | – 53 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-3. 1
||5O
|
;
;
|||OO
|OOO
900
8OO
7OO
6OO
5OO
40O
3OO
2OO
|OO
–5O
50
THERMAL EXPANSION
of LUCITE
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
3OO

IX-R-3. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF NYLON
Sources of Data ; Laquer and Head l952.
Other Reference S :
Discussion : From 3/4 inch diameter rod. "Probably
E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co. grade FM-l".
Table of Selected Values

tºp. º - PT tºp. º - PT
293 293
o 1389 x 10^* || 180 789 x 10−9
2O |l 379 " 2OO || 673 "
40 || 1352 '' 22O 548 "
6 O || 1308 " 240 || 4 l 2 "
80 | 1247 '' 260 265 "
100 |1172 " || 273 161 "
l2O || 1088 " 280 | LO 7 "
l40 996 " 30 O O "
160 | 896 " – 6l. "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-4. 1
|7OO
;
|
|6OO
|400
|200
|OOO
8OO
600
#
4OO
2OO
— |OO
O
5O
THERMAL
Of NYLON
|OO
EXPANSION
|5O
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
3OO

IX-R-4. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF PIEXIGLAS
Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
Data from Laquer and Head l952. (In
addition to the substances listed in
the table,
data have been given for lo
specially compounded rubbers by Dunsmoor
et al. 1958 and Trepus et al. 1959. These
data consist mainly of values of (L -L-...)
L
293
293 T78
Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters l939 a
Polymethylmethacrylate made by Rohm and
Haas CO .
Lyon and Fritz lºs 2.
Table of Selected Values
Data from Giauque, Geballe,

tºp. *293 T *T tºp. *293 - PT
*293 *293
0 |1220 x 10"? 200 590 x 10−9
2O | 1210 " 22 O || 490 "
40 ll 60 " 240 370 "
60 lll O " 260 24 O "
80 | 1050 " 273 15 O "
1OO || 990 " 28 O || 99 "
l2O 93 O " 293 O "
140 || 860 " 298
160 780 " 3 O O || – 55 "
18O 690 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-5. 1
|350
|
|
;
|2OO
|OOO
8OO
6OO
4OO
2OO
—IOO
50
THERMAL EXPANSION
of PLEXIGLAS
|OO |50
2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O

IX-R-5. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF POLYSTYRENE
Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
Laquer and Head l952. (In addition to
the substances listed in the table, data
have been given for lo specially compounded
rubbers by Dunsmoor et al. 1958 and Trepus
et al. 1959. These data consist mainly of
values of (*293-47s)/*293.
Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters l939.
Average of two samples from rod stock,
both "probably American Phenolic Corp.
grade 912A.
Table of Selected Values

Tamp. P293 - PT || Tân P: P293 - PT
K L K L
293 293
0 1550 x 107* || 200 626 x 1075
2O | 1552 " 220 499 "
40 || 1466 " 240 3.68 "
60 1394 " 260 232 "
80 lº O8 " 273 l4 l "
l00 l2ll " 28O 93 "
l2O || 1105 " 293 O "
l40 992 '' 298
160 | 874 " 300 –5 l "
l60 752 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-6. 1
7OO
;
;
|
i.
6OO
4OO
200
|OOO
8OO
6OO
400
2OO H.
— |OO
O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of POLYSTYRENE
|OO |5O
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
3OO

IX-R-6. 2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF POLY THENE
jources of Data: - Laquer and Head l952. (In addition to
the substances listed in the table, data
have been given for lo specially compounded
rubbers by Dunsmoor et al. 1958 and Trepus
et al. l.959. These data consist mainly of
values of (+293-178)/*293
)ther References: Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters lº 39.
)iscussion: Polyethylene made by E. I. Du Pont de Nemours
and Co. . Molded under 2000 psi pressure at
150°C for 10 min. Directional variations
were negligible. See also Hunter and Oakes
l945. Five filled polythenes were measured
by Head and Laquer l952.
Table of Selected Values

*. º - PT º: º - PT
293 293
O 244.9 x 10-5 200 1439 x 10−9
2O 2439 ! I 22O |ll 99 "
40 2404 | | 240 || 919 "
60 23.49 || 260 594 "
8O 2279 | ? 273 || 359 "
lOO 2194 !! 280 239 "
l20 2089 tº J 293 O "
l40 l964 | || 298
|160 l8l4 | 300 – 13 l "
l60 1639 | |
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-7. 1
27OO
|
25OO
2OOO
|500
|OOO
;
#
500
–2OO
O
5O
THERMAL
EXPANSION
of POLYTHENE
|OO 150
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
3OO

:
Temper at ure , F
O.5 — 4 OO – 30 O –2OO — | OO 32
e | | | |
O Jº
– O.5 º
Tron S verse —r __
— O k-mm
Longitud in a _T
— |.5
–2.O
O 4 O 8 O |2 O | 6 O 2 OO 24 O 28O
THERMAL ExPANSION VERSUS TEMPERATURE FOR POLYETHYLENE
Temper a ture , K
32O

Sources of Data:
Other References:
Discussion:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF TEFLON
Laquer and Head l952
Dunsmoor et al. l.958
Trepus et al. 1959 -
Wood, Bekkedahl and Peters l939.
Polytetrafluoroethylene. Extruded and
annealed sample measured by Kirby lºS 6.
He found that strained samples could have
expansions larger or smaller than those of
annealed Teflon, the differences being as
large as 20%. Laquer and Head (1952) measured two
samples of DuPont Teflon rod taken normal
and parallel to the extrusion direction.
The expansions parallel were roughly lS7%
larger than those normal, and the average
is lo to l8% larger than the the above data
by Kirby. The data of Laquer and Head were
used only to guide the extrapolation of Kirby's
values below 80°K. Teflon has a first order
transition at 20°C. Therefore we use 25° C
as a reference temperature and tabulate 105
(+29s-PT) *298 above .
Table of Selected Values

Temp. *293 tº PT Tâmp. *293 º PT
O L K L
293 293
–5 –5
O 2l 40 x lo l60 l540 x 10
20 2ll0 ! { l80 l400 | ||
40 2060 | | 200 l240 | |
60 2000 | 220 lO50 | |
80 1930 | || 240 85.5 | ||
lOO 1850 | | 260 645 | |
l20 1760 | 273 500 |
l40 l660 | 1 298 O | ||
Taken from NBS 29
IX-R-8. 1
22OO
;
|
3.
–2OO
O
2OOO
|75O
|500
|250
|OOO
750
5OO
25O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of TEFLON
|OO |50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
3OO

IX-R-8.2
Sources of Data:
Other References:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF PIATINUM
Nix and MacNair l942.
Dorsey l907.
Henning loo7.
Onnes and Clay log 6.
Scheel lS07.
Scheel and Heuse lºC)7.
Valentiner and Wallot l915.
Discussion:
Table of Selected Values
. L – L l dI. Temp. – L dL
º #. T I, at sº º T #
293 per OK 293 per K
O 195 x 10^* ! 0. 140 | 132 x 107* | 0.77 x 10"?
lO L95 | || 0.008 x 10^*|| 160 | 116 '' . 80 . "
20 195 | || . O5 | | l80 99 - 4 " . 83 ''
30 194 I . lS J1 200 82.4 " . 85 "
40 l92 | . 26 | | 220 65 ... O " . 86 "
50 189 | || . 38 | || 240 47.5 " . 87 "
60 185 | .47 | || 260 29 - 6 " . 88 ''
70 l80 | | .54 ! I 273 l3 ... O " . 88 ''
80 l'74 . 60 | 28O ll. 6 " . 89 "
90 168 | | . 65 293 O ... O " . 89 "
l00 l6l | . 68 | 300 – 6.4 " . 89 "
l2O l47 ! I . 73 | |

Taken from NBS 29
IX—S-1
;
;
23O
225
2OO
| 75
|50
|25
|OO
75
50
25
5O
THERMAL
EXPANSION
of PLATINUM
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
O.92
O,90
O.80
O,7O
O,6O
O.5O
O,4O
O.[O
3OO
|

IX-S-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF QUARTZ (CRYSTALLINE || )
Sources of Data: Buffington and Latimer l926
Dorsey 1908
Lindemann l912
Nix and MacNair l94l
Scheel l907
Sosman l927
Other References:
Measured parallel to the optic axis. Nix
and MacNair measured expansions perpendi—
cular to the optic axis but presented only
a coarse graph of the results, from which
the following values of lo (dL/LdT) were
taken: 7 at loo°K, 10 at 150°, 12 at 2009,
13 at 250°, 14 at 300°K.
Discussion:
Table of Selected Values

tºp. º tºº PT # # tºp. º tº-e PT ##
293 per 9K 293 per ‘’
90 | 107 x 107* | 0.27 x 10" 240 || 36.7 x 10T 0.64 x 10"
lOO | 104 " • 3 l " 260 || 23 - 6 " 68 "
l2O 97.7 " . 37 " 273 || 14. 6 " 7 l. "
l40 89. 8 '' . 42 " 280 9. 6. " 72 "
l60 80. 9 " . 47 '' 293 O ... O " . 75 "
l80 7 l. 2 " . 51. " 3OO 5.3 " 76 "
200 60 - 5 " . 55 "
220 49. L. " . 59 "
Taken from NBS 29
IX-T-1
|||O O,88
|OO O.80
75 o,60”
º C
O >
-C,
>
-C, Q)
Q) E
E g
O
> _2^
> 2.
S. Tº
+ E
-, *
5 5O O.4 O
X.
O
5
H.
—l a.
|_| 3
#| || El's
CN
—l -|_|
25 O, 20
THERMAL EXPANSION
of QUARTZ
or CRYSTALLINE, I
(MEASURED PARALLEL TO OPTIC AXIS)
O O
- O –O,O8
O 5O |OO |5O 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *K

IX-T-2
Sources of Data:
Other References:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF SILVER
Ebert l928, Nix and MacNair l942.
Ayres 1905, Buffington and Latimer l926,
Dorsey l907, Henning l907, Keesom and
Jansen l927, Lindemann l9 ll.
Keesom and Kohler l933 .
Owen and Williams l954.
Shearer l950.
Table of Selected Values

º: º *T # tºp. º *T ##
293 per 293 per 9K
o 413 x 107* | 0 120 308 x 107* | 1.59 x 107*
10 || 4 13 " 0.01 x 10^*|| 140 276 | | l. 65 "
2O || 412 '' •l ſº I l60 | 242 | l. 69 "
3 O || 4 10 " ... 3 | || l80 || 2:08 | || l. Tº 3 ''
40 405 " ... 6 ! ! 200 173 | || l. 77 . "
50 || 398 " ... 8 | || 220 l37 || || l. 81 ''
60 | 389 " l.0 | | 240 | 100 ! I 1 - 85 "
7O 378 " l. 2 260 63 1 - 88 ''
80 || 366 " l. 3 | || 273 38 | || 1 - 9 O "
90 353 " l. 36 " 28O 25 | | l. 9 l "
lOO || 339 " l. 46 " 293 O I l. 92 ''
300 l3 | l. 93 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX—U-1
45O
40O
35O
3OO
º
C
F 250
Q)
E
d
>
_>
2. 2OO
Tr;
E
|50
H.
—l ro
...] &
3| }
(NJ
—
|OO
50
O
–2O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of SILVER
|OO
|50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
2,25
2,OO
1.75
|.25
|.OO
O,75
O.5O
O.25
3OO
|
—l{H
s
*

IX—U-2
Sources of Data ;
Other References:
Dorsey l907
THE MAL EXPANSION OF SOFT SOLDER
Discussion: 50 Pb, 50 Sn.
Table of Selected Values
Temp. L – L l di. Temp. L - L l di.
°K #: T L dT °K # T L dT
293 per OK 293 per 9K
–5 –5 –5 –5
90 467 x lo l. 96 x lo 220 182 x 10 2.41 x 10
l00 447 | | 2.00 Ji 240 l33 2.46 | |
l2O 407 D D 2.07 260 83 | 2 .50 |
l40 3.65 | | 2. l., | | 273 5 l | 2. 52 ! I
160 321 | 2. 22 | 280 33 | 2.53 | |
l80 276 | 2. 29 | 293 O | 2.54 |
200 229 | 2.35 | | 300 — l8 | 2. 55

Taken from NBS 29
IX-V-1
46O
450
400
350
3OO
250
2OO
|50
;
#
|OO
5O
–2O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of SOFT SOLDER
|OO
|50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
4,OO
3,50
3,OO
2.50
2,OO
|.5C)
º
|.OO
O,50
3OO
§:
§

IX-V-2
THERMAL EXPANSION OF STEEL AISI 304
Sources of Data ;
Other References:
Discussion :
Altman, Rubin, and Johnston l954
Beenakker and Swenson l955
Fontana lº & 8
Fontana, Bishop, and Spretnak l953
Furman l950
Composition limits for this alloy are:
0.08 max. C, 2 max. Mn, l max. Si, l8-20 Cr, 8–
ll Ni. Altman et al., found small irreversible
effects and, below 35°K, small negative values
of expansion coefficient. While we have given
their results inferior weight in this region,
the effects were undoubtedly real and attribut-
able to martensitic transformation on cooling
(Reed and Mike sell, l958). In this alloy the
extent of transformation that is produced by
cooling is sensitive to composition and has
been found to vary from zero to about 50%.
(R. P. Reed, private communication) . Complete
transformation would be accompanied by a mean
increase in linear dimension of roughly 1%
(Ward, Jepson, and Rait, l052; and Fiedler,
Averbach, and Cohen, l055.)
Table of Selected Values
**. º - PT ## º: º - PT # #
293 per TK 293 per 9K
O | 296 x 1075 0. 140 218 x 107* 1.20 x 10"?
10 || 296 " 0.001 x 10°ll 160 | 193 | l. 28 ''
20 296 " ,002 " 18O l 67 I l. 34 "
30 296 " ... O 62 " 200 l39 | || l a 40 "
40 || 296 " , ll | || 220 lll ! } l. 45 "
5 O 294 " . 23 | || 240 || 8 l. 7 '' l. 49 "
60 29]. ” .43 | || 260 || 51 - 4 " l. 53 ''
7O || 285 " .6l | 273 || 3 l - 4 " l. 55 "
80 || 279 " . 75 | || 280 || 20 - 5 " 1. 56 "
90 271 " . 87 | || 293 O ... O " l. 59 "
lOO || 26l. " .96 | 300 || – ll. l " l. 60 "
120 24 l " l.09 |

Taken from NBS 29
IX—W-1. 1
|
;
32O
3OO
25O
2OO
|50
|OO
5O
– 40
O
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of STEEL A. l. S. I. 3O4
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
|,92
| 80
|.5O
|.2O
O.90
O.6O
O3O
3OO
—i.
~5
~5
—||
—l

IX—W-1. 2
|
§
:
§
O
of---------- ---------
|
C
C ---
CJ H------- - - - - - - - ------ ** *** *... • *- *-* * * * * - - - - - - sº * - - - - - - - - - , ... • *-*. . . --- -----
| \
C
O **, *-**
rC)
| *~~~ * -------
( ) - . --- ***
Ç. H
K;
|
• **** *** **-*----
c
|
CNJ
O
|
judo a od ‘uoſsu DJ: 3 | Dull ot!...I.
g
s
:
§
9
;
CJ
11 :
ſ
}• *
;
i.
º
;
i
#.
i
|
|
f

IX—W-l. 3
THERMAL EXPANSION OF STEEL AISI 310
Sources of Data: Furman l950
Other References:
Discussion: 0. ll C, l. 5l Mn, 0.42 si, 0.0l S, 0.02 P,
27. 2 Cr, 21.6 Ni, bal. Fe. Annealed 30
min. at 1950° F and water quenched .
Table of Selected Values

tºp. º PT # # tºp. º PT # ;
293 per K 29.3 per K
90 246 x 107* |0.89 x 107* || 220 | 101 x 107* | 1.32 x 10^*
lCO 237 " .9l | || 240 74.5 " l. 36 "
l2O 218 " . 98 I 260 46 - 9 '' l. 40 "
l4O | 198 '' l. 07 | | 273 28 - 6 '' l. 42 "
l60 || 176 " l. 14 | || 280 l8. 7 " 1.43 "
180 152 " l. 21 I 293 O ... O '' 1 .45 "
200 127 " l. 27 " || 300 -10.2 " l. 46 ''
Taken from NBS 29
IX—W-2. 1
26O
25O
|
;
;
2OO
|50
|OO
50
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of STEEL A. J. S. I. 3|O
|OO |50 2OO
TEMPERATURE, *K
25O
|,56
|,50
|.2O
O.90
O.6O
O.30
3OO
#5
"C "cy

IX—W-2. 2

:
-
3
!
O.
f
-ol
- O.2
- O.3
- O.4
Tempero lure, F
– 4 OO – 30O - 200 — (OO 32
O
I- y I Y Y
I y I I | I | |
: . : - i ! ! : :
- : $ - - g - - *.
- t t I
. i i * t
* - | } t
: | |
$ t f { ! Y
: i
n . : t |
t t
l
g : : i P
i } 2^
ſ :
2T } |
| : } {
_^ * ſ
h t -
_^ - } !
- y !
- - & 3.
t 2- ‘. $ |
- . {
* - $ !
. . ł * i
i _^ |
i ~ | .
: - \ -
t . ! t
t | |
. : > | t
: i : : ; |
- - i i . { .
i _T $ . | .
= -T - i :
- ; i ! !
! ! ; - ſ
- - } t i
$ t | – :
* - i ! : \
i } ! i º :
; i t
! º . }
: i !
! f -
i
& O CO
*_º - tº º
T- ºr y A' exp A N G Cº
2
O
O
2
.
O
2
B
O
2 O SO
K
Temper cture,
V = ~, o s -- ", n = PA+, − = - or, TY pr: a to STA N LESS STEEL
Sources of Data:
Other References
THERMAL EXPANSION OF STEEL AISI 316
Beenakker and Swenson 1955.
Furman l950
Lucks and Deem lºS8
Discussion: Composition and heat treatment of sample
not stated. Composition limits for this
alloy are : 0.10 (max.) C, 2 (max.) Mn, l
(max.) Si, lo-l9 Cr, l0–l4 Ni, 2-3 Mo,
bal. Fe.
Table of Selected Values
Temp. L – L l dB Temp. L. – L l dB
°k #. T L dT °k * T L d;
293 per Ok 293 per K
–5 –5 –5
O 297 x lo 0. 140 214 x lo l. 21 x lo
lO 297 " 0.004 x 10°ll 160 | 189 " l. 27 . "
20 297 | || . OO 9 | || 18O l63 | 1 l. 32 | |
30 297 | || . O5 | || 200 l36 | | l. 36 | |
40 296 | | . 14 | 220 lO9 | || l. 4l | 1
5 O 2.94 | || . 27 | 1 240 80 - 1 '' l. 45 |
60 290 .43 | 260 50 - 6 " l. 50 ! {
70 285 | | . 65 273 30.9 " l. 53 | |
8O 277 | || . 82 | | 28O 20. 2 " l. 54 | |
90 269 | || .94 | || 293 O ... O " l. 57 | ||
lC)0 259 | || 1.02 | | 300 —ll. O " l. 58 | 1
l2O 23.7 | | l. 13 !

Taken from NBS 29
IX—W-3. 1
32O
3OO
25O
2OO
15O
|
|OO
;
#
50
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
of STEEL A.I.S.I. 3|6
|OO
|50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
250
1.92
|.8O
|,50
O.90
O.6O
O3O
3OO
|
—J|H
~5 Iro
—|—|

IX-W-3. 2
O29）

TBELS SSET NIV i S 9 | 8 = c. Al H O -i = & fil. V d'Ed W. El Sf. S ti = A NO ISN V ∈ XE T, v w ŁE, , , ,
ył º 9 u n ≠ 0 ) a du 9 li
O Q?O tº 2OC) ZO9||O 2 |O 8O iz
ſº-º-º- - - - - - -- ~~~
. ... • - ?-, -- *** --------- a --... -
~- famº --------------- * **
-ºs---
--- *------------
-
}||{:
}}}||·
{-}*{
#|}:| _）~~） • ►
||}|__）+”
|{t■—*}
- {4&·Lºrſd!
{;!·w*|
!! m.-{!
}-}-}!
||- •}į
|{į*!į!«
|į| ____^.í;|
||:Lºr:*+
|{||}}- }}{
|i;!
:||}}}|
|||
}||- }{
... • -- * * * * * * * * * * *.*-- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , , we
- - \ -- - - - wº--
}*----------- - - ------ **~~
|--
}** -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --~... ----
|---- - *-
M---------
{
!|-|
| 1|||–|||
22O O|-OO2 -O O2 -O Oſº ~
+ '3 → n | 0 || 3 duu 31.
vºo-
|U OO Jºd ‘uo!3 uod (3 |Du Jaul
IX-W-3. 3
THERMAL
Sources of Data:
Other References:
EXPANSION OF STEEL AISI 347
Furman l950.
Lucks and Deem l958.
Discussion: 0.07 C, l. 74 Mn, 0.56 Si, 0.006 S,
0.019 P, 18.65 Cr, ll. 3 Ni, 0.77 Nb,
bal. Fe. Annealed 30 min. at 1950° F
and water quenched .
Table of Selected Values
Temp. L – L l di. Temp. L – L l dB
°k #2 T L dT °k #. T L dT
293 per ‘’K 293 per ‘’K
–5 –5 –5 –5
90 262 x 10 0.94 x lo 220 lO9 x 10 1.40 x 10
1 OO 253 . 98 | || 240 80 - 2 '' l. 46 ! I
l2O 233 | l. O5 | | 260 5 O - 6 " l. 50 | 1
14 O || 2 ll. " 1. 13 '' 273 3 O - 9 '' 1.53 "
l60 187 | | l. 21 280 20 - 2 " l. 54 | |
l8O 163 ! I l. 28 | | 293 O ... O " l. 56 | ||
20 O 136 | | l. 34 300 —ll ... O " l. 57 | ||

Taken from NBS 29
IX-W-4. 1
|
;
#
270
25O
2OO
|5O
|OO
5O
–2O
()
50
THERMAL EXPANSION
of STEEL. A.I.S. ſ. 347
|OO |50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
|.62
|,50
|,2O
O.90
O,6O
O.30
3OO
|
tle
~5 to

IX-W-4. 2
T331S S SETNI VLS I 39 Ed AL E O = E&HfI_LVE Ed WEL STIS BEA NO I SNV ci XE T, VA L-LI-, , ,
O??O8 2
X ‘9 a n | O || 9 du 3 I.
O ț7 2O O 2O9||O 2 |O8O vO
|*țz 'O'-
-|
}
|
Ç’O-
_º^2. ‘O --
| 1:0-
| 0
|||
|}}
|| –i i|–|—） ro
29.OO | –O OZ-O O 2 -O Ot» –
- º a un in 1 ad ula .
4uaoua d ' uols updx E | D u uaul


IX-W-5
Sources of Data:
Other References:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF STEEL, S.A. E. lo20
Altman, Rubin and Johnston l952
Beenakker and Swenson 1955
Dorsey l910
Cast
Gregg l954
Discussion: 0.18 C, 0.33 Mn, 0.0l Si, bal. Fe.
According to Beenakker and Swenson,
iron had the same thermal expansion as lo20
steel within their experimental uncertainty
of #3x107° in AL/L.
Table of Selected Values
Temp. L — L l di. Temp. L – L l di.
°K #: T L d'ſ, °k # T L d'T
293 per K 293 per ‘’K
–5 —5 –5
O 202 x 10 0. l40 l55 x 10 O . 78 x 10
lO 160 | 138 " . 87 "
{ – 5
30 20 l | . 03 | 200 lCl | . 99 | |
40 201 . O8 | 220 80. 7 " l.04 | 1
5 O 200 | | . 14 | || 240 59. 6. " l. 08 |
60 198 |l • 23 | 260 37.7 " l. ll U
70 195 " . 31 | 273 22.9 " l. 14 "
80 l92 | || . 40 | || 28O lS. l " l. 15 || ||
90 187 | . 48 293 O ... O " l. 17 | ||
lOO 182 | } . 55 ! { 3OO –8. 3 '' l. l.9 | |
l. 20 170 I . 68 DJ

Taken from NBS 29
IX-X-1
(4_OI Kq enība KidųInu) ». Jød• LP}
Tp
ĻOO\OOuſ)
•----•），OOOOOOO
3OO
25O
z 92O
5 8Q
C/O----
2 .
§! Lu
§ <ſ
LL] (/)3
– –1
<[ u ]
> Lų
Or H-
u I C/D
TOEO
H− +3Q
CD
uſ)
O
75
5O
25
O
—|O
! OO!！OOuſ)CD
Q\!ON-U OC\fO
Q\!CN}<æ»-•--•
262-1
_O! Kq 9nĮDA Á{d}|}|nuu)TF26z-
(g
TEMPERATURE, *K

IX-X-2
:
O.
—O. I
—O. 2
— O.3
—O.4
– 4 OO – 30 O – 2 OO —IOO 32
| |
_T
->
Double norm a ſized and tempered
4 O 8O | 2 O - | 6O 2 OO 24 O
Temperature, K
THERMAL EXPANSION VERSUs TEMPERATURE FOR 9 NI STEEL
28O
32O

THERMAL EXPANSION OF TANTALUM
Sources of Data: Nix and MacNair l942
Disch l92l
Hidnert l'º 29
Other References:
Table of Selected Values

º: º - PT # tºp. º - PT #
293 per K 293 per K
O 143 x 10-9 || 0. 140 95.1 x 10^*lo.58 x 10^*
l0 143 '' 0.005 x 16°ll 160 | 83.5 59 "
20 143 " .04 | 180 || 71.5 " . 60 "
30 lA 2 '' •ll ! I 200 59.3 " ... 61 "
40 14 l " . 20 220 47 ... O " . 62 ''
50 138 '' . 28 ! } 240. 34.4 " . 63 ''
60 135 . 35 | | 260 21.6 " . 65 "
70 l31 " . 41 | 1 273 || 13.1 " . 65 "
80 127 | .45 | || 280 8.5 " . 66 ''
90 122 " . 49 | || 293 O - O " 66 ''
lOO 117 " . 52 | 1 300 | – 4 - 6 " . 66 ''
l2O 106 . 55 | |
Taken from NBS 29
IX-Y-1
17O
15O
|25
º
C
>
-Cl
$ OO
TS
>
P
.0-
T-5
E
75
;
#
5O
25
5O
THERMAL EXPANSION
Of TANTALUM.
|OO
|50
TEMPERATURE, *K
2OO
25O
O,6O
O,5O
O3O
O.2O
O,O
3OO
O,40
O.68
El's
To TC

IX-Y-2
Sources of Data :
Other References:
Discussion:
THERMAL EXPANSION OF TIN
(WHITE)
Erfling l939
Cohen and Olie l910
Dorsey 1907
Gruneisen l910
Anisotropic. The above values were calculated
from the relation, Mean Value = 1/3 ( !! ) +
2/3 ( L ), where ( || ) and (-L) signify the same
property measured parallel and perpendicular,
respect L yely, to the tetragonal axis.
Thewlis and Davey (1954) measured the lattice
parameter of grey tin, a brittle form with
diamond-type lattice that is stable below 18°C.
Their data cover the range , -l 30 to +20°C, and
are, represented by a constant expansion co-
efficient, dT/LdT = 4.7 x 107°deg-lc. See also
Cohen and Olie (1910). The ordinary ductile
variety (white tin) if pure may transform to
grey tin at low ambient temperatures, but is
stabilized by impurities. -
Table of Selected Value S
º: º - "T # # º: *293 "T # #
293 per O K *293 per 9K
O 447 x 10"? 140 290 x 107* | 1.71 x 107*
lC) 447 | 07 x 107*|| 160 255 " l. 77 "
20 445 | || ... 3 § 1. 180 219 '' l. 82 "
30 44l | | ... 6 | | 200 | 183 '' l. 87 ''
40 43.3 | || . 9 | | 22O | 1.45 " l. 9] "
5 O 423 1 | •l | 240 | LO 6 " l. 95 "
60 412 | | • 2 | | 260 66 e 7 " l. 99 ''
70 399 | | l. 3 | || 273 4 O - 7 " 2. Ol "
8O 385 | || l. 42 " 28O 26 - 5 " 2 . O 3 ''
90 37 l | l. 5 O " 29.3 O ... O " 2 . O5 "
lOO 356 | | l. 56 " 300 | –l4.4 " 2 - O 6 "
l2O 3.24 | || l. 64 "

Taken from NBS 29
IX-Z—l
2.25
45O
2.OO
4 OO
|.75
350
(e_O! Kq ønIda Kid!\nu) ». Jød º #
LO
CN]
•
•■
1,50
(5_Oſ Áq anſ da ÁIdųInu)
O
O
2OO
H.
p
—|—||
O.75
p
26z-
15O
l-i_26z-
O.5O
|OO
2
Q
(/)
?
Cl-
><
Li ]
–1
<!C
>
Cr
LLI
~~
H-
O,25
5O
|OO |50 2OO 25O 3OO
TEMPERATURE, * K
5O
–3O

IX—Z-2
THERMAL ExPANSICN of ZINC (Cont.)
Table II
AVERACE EXPA:SIC; of ZIłC+


Teip. Tº - a ſlai, º, ..]|Teº ||23 = F | lar, r. º.
*K L293 || L dT *K L233 L dT
o | 685 - 10-3 || 0 || 120 || 92, loº 2.53 × 10^9 |
10 633 w og X 10° ll;0 || || ||O " 2.63 "
20 | 682 " .3 " 160 336 " | 2.73 "
30 677 § 1 .8 ( ) 18X) 33l ! . 2.8.l. t?
l;0 | 667 " l. 3 § 1 2CO 27] " 2.87 "
50 || 652 " 1.7 " 22O 216 " 2.9l "
60 633 ! 2. i | | 2.0 157 | 1 2.9}; * }
70 6l. " 2.2 ! I 260 98 " 2.96 "
80 588 " | 2.3 " 273 || 60 " | 2.9'ſ "
90 565 $$. 2.36 § 7 2&O 39 | | 2.93 * :
loo 5.1 §§ 2. l;2 § 1 293 O 2.99 ! {
-- 3CO | -2l " 3.CO "
cassº ºn tº tº G. W. G. :) - tº º,

IX-AA-1
700 35
6OO 3O
5OO 2.5
'o
P- *
* 400 20 0
g C
s >
> -O
2. g
.9. S
*- >
>
>
5 3OO 1,5 5.
H. =}
E
7|3: *
Y
|- O
—l th-
- 2OO I.O. §
—J H.
"O -o
- || –
| OO O.5
THERMAL EXPANSION
of
Z N C
O O
- 4 O - O2
* O | OO 2OO 3OO
TEMPERATURE, *k

IX-AA-2