|- |- 99855 nversity of U 90.15 - |-|- - |-|- |-- |-：： -：： - - |-.- |- ··|- | _ |- |--|-- .- . CHEM. LIB. - H RSITY OF MICHI ** =s Şe-s ( wº- 3- co-PYR-G-I-T 1 as a B- ro-R-st T-R-E-- --oto-R-E-F-Ro duction co-, cº-ca-o. 1 LL. sER. Es No 1 - - º - - - WHITE PINE. /*inus strobus. The White Pine is one of the most majestic and the most useful forest trees of this, or of any other country. The trunk is perfectly straight, covered with a comparatively smooth bark, is in some instances, ºffin diameter, and 100f in height without a limb; then, sending out a few branches, it forms a tufted head far º: the surrounding forest. The branches are given off in whorls which are very observable in young trees. The leaves are about 4.in long, numerous, slender, of a bluish green, forming an extremely soft and delicate foliage. The wood is soft, fine-grained, easily wrought, very durable and is used in immense quantities in various kinds of architecture. The large trunks in particular are sought for the masts of ships. co-P-R-G-T - as a -Y ro-rest T-REE º Tº --- º --- º --- º º - stral Es No. 1. PLATE No. 5. P-o-o-º-º-Prº-o-o-c-on co-, cº-ca-o. ---. - - --- - yº - TAMARACK. AMERICAN LARCH. Alaria Americana. This tree, with horizontal branches, sends up its straight and slender trunk to a height of from 80 to 100 feet. It is remarkably distinguished from the pines by its deciduºus leaves, the branches being bare nearly half the year. It is often seen in shrubberies, but thinly interspersed in forests in Canada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. When young it is a good ornamental tree. The wood of the Tamarack is especially durable when in contact with soil, hence its general use for posts, pump-logs, etc. - - - a -- * * --P-R-G-T -a-a -- ror-Est ---- P-o-o-n-PRoouction co., ----a-o. --- se-R-Es no 1. PLATE no BLACK OAK. YELLOW - BARK OAK. Quercus ºnctoria. This, oak is ſound throughout the U.S. It is one of the loftiest, trees of the forest, 80-90ſ in height and 4-5ſ in diameter. Bark deeply furrowed, black or deep brown. Leaves 6-8 in º Qadest towards the end, ºuiſe variable. Acorns, brown, nearly sessile, about half covered with the thick scaly cup. From the bark of this species, wercitron, used in dyeing, is obtained, hence it is called quercitron oak. The k is used in tanning. In Kentucky it is named Black Jack and constitutes the principal timber of those extensive tracts called Oak Barrens. co-P-R-G--a-a -- ro-R-E-si- ºr R.E.E. - º -. - - - º” - - - - sER. Es No. 1. PLATE No. 3. P-o-o-º-º-º-º-o-o-c-on co-c-ca-Go. --- - - - - - - - 7 * 42 ºr Gºn n U- - - A 20189 - AMERICAN ELM. WHITE ELM. U/mus Americana. In the Northern, Middle and Western States this majestic tree is common. It is a native of the forest, but often grows spontaneously in open fields, where it is readily, distinguished by its long, pendulous branches. The trunk, with a diameter of 3 ºf towers to the height of 30, Ho and even 70 perfectiy straight and naked, when it divides into two or more primary branches. These ascend, gradually spreading and repeatedly dividing into other long, flexible limbs bending in broad, graceful curves. It is a great favorite as a shade tree, and is frequently seen rearing its stately form and casting its deep shade over the "sweet hºmes” ºf Nºw ngland. Leaves short-stalked, oval-acuminate, doubly denticulate, and 4–5 in long. The veins are quite regular and prominent. Flowers small, purplish, connected into small, terminal clusters, and appearing in April, before the leaves. Fruit flat, fringed with a dense down. The wood is tough and strong, but not easily wrought; used for the naves of wheels, etc. se: R. Es No 1 PLATE No. 4 co-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-e av ro-Est rat-e- P-o-o-º-º-º-º-o-o-c-on co-c-car-o. ---. - 7 º’ºº- - u- ! -- e. LOMBARDY POPLAR. /o/u/us diſa/a/a. This tree is native in Italy as its name º, It was early brought to this country, and has been planted about many a dwelling and in village streets. - - - - - le quality it possesses, while the huge worms by which it is often infested render it oft times a nuisance. No one need be in doubt as to the recognition of this tree, if he note the The trunk of the tree here photographed is 3%f in diameter at the base. The singular upward tendency of its branches is its chief charac- teristic. Its rapid growth is the only commenda It often attains the height of 100 or 150f. striking appearance of its form and the coarseness of its bark as depicted in the picture. co-ev-R-G----eee av roºf-Est rat-e- - _ - - - se-R-Es no. 1. PLATE no. 6. PHoto-Reproduction co., criticago, LL. - * Zºº RED MAPLE. SWAMP MAPLE. Acer rubrum. . The red maple is a common tenant of low woods and swamps throughout the Atlantic States. It is a tree somewhat above, the middle size. The trunk is covered with a smooth bark, marked with large, white spots, be- coming dark with age. In spring, the appearance of the tree is remarkable for the deep crimson flowers, with which it is thickly clothed. Each bud produces a fascicle of about 5 flowers. Stamens much exserted. The fertile º; are ºcceeded by a red fruit, furnished with a pair of wings resembling those of some insect. The wood is hard and compact, and is much used in cabinet work, particularly that well-known and handsome variety called curled maple. co-º-º-o-º-º-º-e av ro-Est ---- - - - - -- |- - - - - - se-R-Es No. 1. PLATE No. 7. P-oto-R-E-PRobuction co., cº-ºcacao, LL. - - - - - - - - 7 ºz- Cºº - - - - - - - WILLOW. OSIER. JAM 25 gº Sa/ºr aſha. The very name of willow suggests Spring. It is celebrated in romance and song, and no pastoral scene is quite cºmplete without the willow. The songs of the earliest birds and the hum of bees in early spring are associated with this tree. We º the perfume of its flowers when the early crocus makes its appearance and before the violet spangles the meadow. I*June the willow scatters its golden blooms and puts on its summer foliage. Although tenacious of life, the willow wilſ not thrive in dry places. It prefers damp ground and its presence always indicates water, either on the surface of the ground or a little beneath. It is native of Europe and although we have in America about thirty species, none surpasses or even equals the European tree. In America we find it like the poplar adorning places such as road sides and parks where rapid growth is desired. co-º-º-o-º-ºr re-ele -- ro-ra-sºr -r--- P-o-o-º-º-º-º-o-o-c-r-on co., cº-ca-o. ---. se-Ries No 1 PLATE No. 8. º -º º º - - - - | "PopCAR LEAVES BIRCH." wºrſe BIFCH - º /3e/u/a a/ha. . The snow white cuticle or bark, with which the trunk of this tree is covered, distinguishes it among the trees in the rocky and mountainous woods of New England where it seldºm exºeeds thirty of forty feet in height. The branches which are very slender, are covered with a reddish-brown bark, and throw out in May ſong pendulous aments. The White Birch is remarkable for its elegance. It seldom divides, the main stem which extends to the summit of the tree, giving out from all parts numerous slender branches. In form it is somewhat pyramidal. This tree is found in the highest latitude in which any tree can live. It is the last deciduous tree in the northern boundaries of vegetation in America and Europe, before we reach the Arctic Circle, and the last that appears when we ascend high mountains occupying the belt just below the line of perpetual snow. co-P-R-G-T teae av roarst rat-e- sER. Es No. 2 PLATE No. 1. P++oto-R-E-PRoouction co., cº-ºcacao, LL. - º º -- . - 7- - - - RED OAK. Quercus rubra. The red oak is the most common species in the Northern States and in Canada. It is a lofty, wide-spreading tree 70f in height with a diameter of 3 or 4f. Leaves 6-10 in long, smooth on both sides, with deep and rounded sinuses between the narrow, mucronate lobes. The flowers appear in May, succeeded by very large acorns contained in cups so shallow as rather to resemble saucers than cups, and are greedily devoured by wild and domesti- cated animals. The bark is extensively used in tanning. The wood is reddish, coarse grained, of little value as timber, but excellent for fuel. º º co-R-G-I-T ---a ex ror-Est ---- - - - - - - º - … sERLEs no 2 PLATE No. 2. P++oto-R-E-PRobuction co., cº-cacao, LL - - - - - - - - - - & 2 × . t º º - - -- -- --- … -* --- - Jan 25 logº - SILVER LEAF POPLAR. Ao/u/us alba. A very striking contrast does, this tree make, when, in early spring, with its olive-green aments and pale-green sprays, we see it among other trees just starting to bud. Like all ºther poplars it grows very rapidly and will º in almost all situations, although a moist, sandy soil is preferred. When a speedy plantation is wanted this tree is often used, such as by the sides of dusty thoroughfares. The Silver Leaf º derives its name from its leaf which is dark-green and smooth above, and very white-downy beneath. co-PY-R-G-T -a as ex ror-Est rat-e- PHoto-REPRoouction co., cº-ºcacao, LL. 7 * * * * -- 25 SHAG-BARK WALNUT OR HICKORY. Carya a/ba - |- -- º sº º º º * - º wº- - - º: sº Sºlº - se. R. E.'s No. 2 PLATE No. 3. Native throughout the Atlantic States, and abundant farther west. In forests it is very tall and slender, with rough and shaggy bark consisting externally of º narrow plates loosely adhering to the middle. Like e other hickºries, the wood is strong and elastic, compact and heavy, and is much used where these qualities are required, as in making hoops, whip stalks, axe-handles, t other wood for fuel. The fruit is covered with a very thick epicarp, separating into 4 parts, and containing a thin-shelled, richly-flavored kernel. keels of vessels, etc. It is considered superior to all co-P-R-a-r teas av ro-ra-sºr rate se: R. Es No. 2 PLATE No. 4 PHoto-R-E-PRoouction co., cº-cacao, LL. - - - i---------- ||||||||| | | --- |\\ !!! lº.º. --- ||| Alºilºtill - - -- - - - | ". - SUGAR MAPLE. ROCK MAPLE. - Acer saccharinum. --- Rock Maples are found throughout the U.S., but most abundant in the primitive soils of New England, constituting the greater part of some of its forests. It is a tree of lofty proportions, 70ſ in height, with a trunk 3ſ diam The bark is of a light-gray, color, rough and scaly. The branches become numerous and finally ramified in open situations, and in summer are clothed with a foliage of uncommon luxuriance and beauty, on which account it is more extensively cultivated as a shade tree than any other, not even excepting the majestic and favorite elm. Maple sugar, perhaps the most delicious of all sweets, is mostly the product of this species. An ordinary tree will yield 5:10 pounds in a season. The wood is very strong and compact, and makes the best of fuel. It is sometimes curled #. the red maple, but oftener presents that beautiful arrangement of fibre, called bird’s-eye maple, which is highly esteemed in cabinet work. The flowers are exceedingly abundant, and, suspended on long, thread-like pedicels, are most delicately beautiful. co-P-R-G-I-T-1 as a tav ro-R-Est -R-E- P-o-o-R-E-PR-o-o-c-on co-, cº-cacao. ---. - * - - 7 * * * * - - - ul U- -- FIR BALSAM. An 20 bºº A beautiful evergreen, common in humid forests of the northern part of the United States. Its branches are nearly horizontal, gradually becoming shorter upwards, forming a regularly, pyramidal head. The leaves are little larger than those of the hemlock (8–10 in long) growing upon the sides and top of the branches, of a bright green above, and silvery-white beneath. Cones 2-3 in in length. Bark smooth, abounding in reservoirs filled with a resin or balsam which is considered a valuable medicine. Abies baſsamea - co-P-R-G-T -a-a-ay ror-------- | | - - - - - sER LEs no 2 PLATE No. 6. P-o-o-º-º-º-º-o-o-c-ri on co-c-cacao. ---. - 7 * 4 Zºº WHITE ASH. /ºra rºmas -1/zerºcana. - 89.9 The White Ash is one of the most desirable tenants of our forests. It is chiefly confined to the northern parts of the United States and Canada. Few trees exceed it in the º and magnitude of its proportions, Tº: trunk arises often more than 40f without a branch and then expands into a regular summit of an equal additional height. It varies a little in the field. The leaves are a foot or more, in length, opposite, pinnate, º: o about 7 leaflets. Flowers in loose panicles, the fertile ones with a calyx and the sterile ones without. The wood is light, firm, elastic and durable, turnishing a most excellent timber for carriage frames, agricultural implements, pins, hand spikes, bars, etc. co-P-R-G-I-T -a as a Y For-Est ---- *-o-o-R-E-P-Roo-c-on co-c-ca-o. --- T durable. º J. º - 7. - º - º º ſº tº - . º … %2. Z - º - º - ºlº (ſº fºr yº & cº. his tree usually occurs in swamps, which it densely and exclusively occupies. Height from 40–60ſ. Its leaves consist of short, minute evergreen scales. The wood is fine, white-grained and wonderfully light, soft and The timber of this tree will remain a long time under water without decaying. Used in the manufacture of shingles, pails, fences, etc. WHITE CEDAR. Chamaecyparis s/hoeroidea. It is said posts made of this Cedar last 50 years. se: R.E.s No. 2 PLATE no. 7. co-º-º-º-º-º-º-e av ro-Est ---- -- - - - - - - se-Rºi Es No. 2. PLATE No. 8. --o-o-º-º-º-º-o-o-c-on co-, cº-ca-o. ---- - --- - - - Zºº BEECH. AMERICAN. Fagus ferruginea. - Abundant in the Northern United States and Canada, sometimes growing gregariously in forests which contain few other trees. It is truly an ornamental tree º sometimes the height of 100f and surpassing most r trees by the dense shade from its rich green foliage. The sterile flowers have a bell-shaped calyx 5 to 7 cleft, with 8 to 16 stamen. The fertile flowers grow on the same tree, the fruit of which is a triangular or sharply three-sided nut, two of which are enclosed in an urn-shaped husk. These nuts are edible and are valuable as food for swine. The wood is hard, heavy, and used for many economic purposes. co-P-R-G-T -a-e' a Y ro-R-Est TREE - - --- - - - - - se-RI Es No. 3 PLATE no. 1. *-o-o-º-e-Production co., cº-ca-o. ---- - - - - - - yº º - 25 low- - WHITE OAK. Quercus aſha. Although not the largest, yet the white oak is considered the most important of the American trees of the Qak family. It may be distinguished, from the other ºaks by the light colº and sºy sº of the º: without any deep corrugations. Its wood is in º: demand for constructive purposes in naval, civil and military engineering. It stands next to the British Oak, Quercus Aºurin, the value of its timber. Its bark is used for tanning purposes. The leaves of the White Oak are marked by several oblong rounded lobes, without deep sinuosities. In Autumn they turn to a pale, chalky-red and only leave the tree when pushed off by the new foliage in the Spring. co-P-R-G-I-T-1-9 a B- roa-st rat-e- P-o-o-R-E-PR-o-o-uction co-, c-ca-o. --- yº .. º wº º … BLACK WALNUT. Jugſans migra. The Black Walnut is a common and stately forest tree in the Middle and Western States, but º found in the Northern. It rises 60–90ſ high with a diameter of 3–6. head. The duramen of the wood is compact and heavy, of a deep violet color, surrounded with a white al urnum. It is used extensively, west of the Alleghanies, for building, an se-R-Es No. 3 PLATE No. 2 en lands it spreads widely into a spacious everywhere for cabinet work. The Black Walnut is larger, hardier and more rapid-growing than the English walnut, but bears an inferior fruit. It resembles, very much the butternut in general character, but is of greater height and more majestic in appearance. co-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-e -- ron-s-ra-- P-o-o-º-º-º-º-o-o-uction co-, cº-cacao. ---. 7 * * 27 Lºnº. - - Jº 25 A noble tree, justly admired for its majestic proportions, and for the beauty of its foliage and flowers. ornament of courts and avenues. growth, and attains the height of 40 or 50f. It is of rapi massy foliage. The leaves are digitate, wit seven obovate, acute, serrate leaflets. se-Rºi Es No. 3. PLATE No. 3. º | º --- º º - º ºn º - --- - --- - º º |-- º - º - - - º º HORSE CHESTNUT. Aescu /us It is a native of the north of Asia, but is now known throughout Euro É. and in this country, and is a frequent In June it puts forth numerous pyramidal racemes or thyrsus of flowers, of pink and white, finely contrasting with the dark-green of its The fruit is large, mahogany-colored, and eaten only by deer. se-Rºi Es No. 3. PLATE No. 4. co-P-R-G-T is as av ror-Est rate PHoto-R-E-PRoouction co., cº-ºcacao, LL. y º º º - - * - LINDEN OR LIME TREE. BASS-WOOD. PUMPKIN WOOD. -- 77/ia Americana. - A common forest tree in the Northern and Middle States. It often grows to the height of sof, the trunk straight and naked more than half this height (it, varies in the field) and 2-3f diam. Leaves 4-5 in by 3-4 in. those of the young shoots, often twice these dimensions. Fruit woody, greenish, of the size of peas. In-The inner bark is very strong and is manufactured into ropes. The wood is white, soft and clear, much used in cabinet work and in the paneling of carriages. co-R-G---ase ex ror-Est T-RE- se-R-Es No. 3 PLATE no. 5 PHoto-R-E-PRoouction co., cº-cacao, LL. Yºº s---sº ſº- --- - - º Cºlºny tº-on- ºf --- -º- --- #sº -- - - --- AN 25 lovº BLACK ASH. WATER ASH. Aºrairinus sambucifo/ia. This species is common in the Northern United States and the British Provinces, where it is almost universally known as black ash. It prefers moist woods and even swamps, which it sometimes almost exclusively oc. cupies. It grows to the height of 60-70ſ, with a diameter of 2f. The bark is of a darker hue than that of the White Ash and less deeply, furrowed. Buds of a deep-blue, not yellow as in the former Leaves 9-16 in in º of about 7 sessile leaflets, which are smooth above and red-downy on the veins beneath. The wood is purplish, very tough and elastic, but less durable than the White Ash. The young saplings are in great demand for hoops, and the mature trunks for baskets, from the fact that the annual layers of wood easily separate into thin strips. co-P-R-G-T - as a tax ror-Est -R-E PHoto-R-E-PRoouction co., cº-cago, LL. 7 * > -N 2 v Nearly every one is familiar with the Butternut. inferior in size. The Butternut puts forth its foliage about a week earlier than the hickory. that of the Black Walnut and as eagerly sought. - º º º - -n. - º º º º º - - - º º . - º - -- º º - BUTTERNUT. WHITE WALNUT. Jugſans cinerea. It is a common grower, found from Canada to Georgia. It is characterized by its large, but short trunk, and resembles very much its sisterºspecies Black Walnut, although Its pinnate leaves are long, with a great number of leaflets and of a light and rather mellow-green. Its fruit is more elongated than co-P-R-G-T -e-º-e av ro-R-E-st rat-e- - º - - -- --- º - - º * . - - se: R. Es No 3 PLATE No. 7. P-o-o-º-EPR o ouction co., c-ca-Go. --- - - - - º lºº - - - - - - - - 2. --- A'0binia /seudacacia. This tree received its name from the great Linnaeus. The common Locust of the United States is sometimes called False Acacia, from its resemblance to the the tree ºacia. In Kentucky, and Tennessee it often attains to the height of 80 feet, measuring 4 feet in diameter. It is a beautiful sight when in bloom; the flowers being very showy and fragrant, and hang in pendulous ragemes. The pinnate leaves have a beautiful symmetry of form. The wood of the Locust is close-grained and is remarkable for its strength and durability, its hardnesselasticity and weight . Its durability rivals the live; oak, Valuable as is the wood for econºmic purposes: raceful as it is in form; beautiful in foliage and flowers; yet the Locust is not a desirable tree, for it is usually infested with insects. Leaves, bark, wood and seeds are alike subject to insect ravages. It is used considerably for hedges. se-Ries No. 3. PLATE No. 8. co-R-G-T teae e.v ror--st rate --o-o-R-E-P-o-o-uction co-, cº-cacao. ---- - BITTERNUT HICKORY. Carya amora. Like - The New England species of hickories have nearly all the same outward characteristics. The shellbark alone is readily distinguished by the exfoliation of the outer rind of its bark as soon as it has come to fruit bearing. The bark ºf the other species is channelled or furrowed very much like the oak. The fruit of the Bitternut is encased in a thin shelſ which may be easily broken—the kernel is so bitter that animals will scarcely touch it. I other species it is found more abundantly on fertile slopes and on rocky hillsides that abound in clay and yellow loam, rarely ever on light, sandy soil or in bogs. Unlike the Shell-bark Hickory it does not shed its foliage until late in Autumn. - JNVERSITY OF MIC |Iill 1 - GAN