- º foodstuffs will be bought through the efficient Q fº sº. & THE RED CR AMERICAN RED CROSS OSS BULLETIN . '...}, …,’ ‘ -- 9 - -- 3:... ." zº, * ...' * * * **, * :-- " .22 -:*, ; : *** * ; : * < , ; ;, , , , ; ;' **... • -- ...] WASHINGTON, D. C. Wol. H AUGUST 4, 1917 No. 7 SUPPLIES URGENTLY NEEDED IN FRANCE The Red Cross Commission in France has cabled to the War Council as follows: - We hope you will use all transportation you can possibly secure to ship to us the following supplies. We must begin to prepare for the coming hard winter, and you cannot possibly send us more than we need of the following list, except where definite amounts are specified: - Twenty 4-ton motor trucks; 50,000 yards of flannel; condensed milk; flour; dried preserved vegetables; corned beef; rice; beans; canned beef; preserved fruits; sugar; heavy shoes; blankets; knitting wool; heavy white cotton sheeting. In accordance with the foregoing, the Red Cross War Council has appropriated $1,500,000 to purchase food- stuffs for early shipment to France. These foodstuffs will be particularly needed for the relief of sick, wound- ed, and starving people. They will be carefully stored in France so as to be ready for any emergency which may confront either our own soldiers and sailors or the French population itself. - -- Through the courtesy of Herbert C. Hoover and W. L. Honnold, of the Commission for Relief in Belgium; ~ *-*...*-* . . ...~ :- --~~~~! ~...; ... ſº 4. ºt, ------ - k- *::::::- wº-ºººº…< ***~. agencies-or-uſat organization. Ine Corn- n - y L'arranged through the cooperation of commercial steam- ship lines to France, and those in charge of the trans- port service of Allied governments. Also, through the cooperation of the Shipping Board, additional tonnage space for Red Cross shipments to France will be avail- able when needed. - - - - | When these supplies are landed in France, they will not clutter up the already congested French railway lines. A fleet of motor trucks has been purchased by the Red Cross, and these will enable it to utilize the splendid French military roads, and thus secure prompt mobilization of Red Cross supplies to the points where they are most needed. RED CRoss commission To ITALY Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Red Cross War Council, announces the dispatch of a special Red Cross Commission to Italy. The purpose of the commission is to investigate conditions and report how American Red Cross activity can best be utilized to meet needs of the suffering soldiers and the civilian population of Italy. - - This commission, the fourth sent to Europe by the Red Cross, is headed by George F. Baker, Jr., Vice- president of the First National Bank, New York. With Mr. Baker go John R. Morron, president of the Atlas Portland Cement Company; Dr. Thomas W. Hunting- ton, president of the American Surgical Association; Dr. Victor G. Heiser, of the United States Public Health Service; and Nicholas F. Brady, of the Central Trust Company, New York. Accompanying the com- mission also, is Chandler R. Post, professor of Greek Aſ has kindly offered to do this work for the Red 26 at a merely nominal charge for overhead expenses. V’space for the shipment of these supplies has been and Fine Arts at Harvard University, one of the leading authorities in this country on Italy. - Through the American Academy in Rome, it has been arranged that the Commission to Italy will have detailed to assist it, Gorham Phillips Stevens, director vy r. - |. - * & ;: & ſº stricken countries that $100,000,000, or ten times that \ºf the nation through the Red Cº. of the School of Fine Arts, and Charles Upson Clark, of Yale University, director of the School of Classical Studies, both of whom are now resident in Rome. - To enable the commission to meet the more urgent needs which may be found to exist, an emergency appropriation of $2OO,OOO has been made by the Red Cross War Council. Other work in Italy will depend upon the report of this commission as to how such work can best be done. - To Aid and Encourage Our Allies In announcing the dispatch of this commission, Mr. Davison authorizes the following statement: - “When the War Council asked the country to con- tribute $100,000,000 to a war fund, we could not know not know what area Red Cross activities would cover. --------º-º--~~~~~~ we knew”unatºtheré was such need in all the war- amount, would not suffice. - - - “If the American people had contributed only a small sum to the war fund, of course, the money would have had to be devoted almost exclusively to the care of our own troops, for that cause must continue to be the subject of first and supreme attention by the Ameri- can Red Cross. We shall spare nothing to be in a posi- tion to cooperate in every possible way with our Army and Navy in caring for Our Own men. “But the response of the American people has been so generous that we hope, in addition to taking care of our own soldiers and sailors, to be able to carry a message of practical aid and encouragement to all Our Allies. - - - “It will be impossible to do anything more than attempt to meet the most urgent needs in these coun- tries. But every cent that is spent must go intelligently and efficiently in directions where it will do the maxi- mum of good. - - “We are sending these commissions, composed of the ablest men that we could enlist (and no one has refused an appointment, except for compelling reasons), in order that we may have to guide us first-hand informa- tion gathered by American experts. : - Volunteers in Commissions “Most of the commission members go as volunteers, in a majority of cases paying their own expenses. All expenses of the Commissions to France and Russia . have been paid by private subscriptions, and they arºſ thus not a charge on Red Cross funds. * , … . . “This is but a part of the wonderful way in 21 many men of great administrative and tecº are placing their services unreservedº RED CROSS RELIEF IN THE NEAR EAST Three hundred thousand dollars were appropriated by the Red Cross in July to meet the needs of relief work in the Near East during that month. This relief is administered through the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. The Red Cross will appropriate a like amount for each of the five remaining months of this year if the work of the Committee is not so hampered by the Turkish Government as to make further grants inadvisable. The American Committee is the only relief Organi- zation outside of the Red Crescent (controlled by the Turkish Government), which is allowed to operate in certain regions under Turkish rule. The making of this appropriation by the Red Cross is in accord with the policy of the Red Cross to co- operate with relief agencies in the theatre of war to the end that there shall be the utmost aid afforded, while overlapping of effort is as far as possible avoided. The appropriation is made upon the application of James L. Barton, chairman, and C. V. Vickrey, Secretary of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, and, after investigation, has been thoroughly approved by the Red Cross Committee on Cooperation, of which Judge Robert S. Lovett is chairman. The appeal to the Red Cross for aid estimates that there are 2,000,000 people in western Asia whose death can be prevented only by direct and continued help from this American Committee. These people have been exiled from their homes and are in regions where self support is practically impossible. From One town alone there is a call to provide for IO,OOO fatherless children. The estimated number of orphans in another -district is, given by the American Consul as 40,000. In the entire field the number of orphaned children is estimated to run into hundreds of thousands. diſſes at NātīāTritºrquartersº-rºº function of this bureau, Miss Hay said: º, “The courses of instruction in dietetics, elemens JOHN D. RYAN IN THE WAR COUNCIL President Wilson has appointed John D. Ryan a member of the Red Cross War Council to succeed Edward N. Hurley. Mr. Hurley has resigned to become chairman of the Shipping Board. Only a few days before this appointment was made Mr Ryan had come to Washington to take up service in the Red Cross as Director General of Military Relief. In his new capacity he will continue to give, as a member of the War Council, his special attention to the obliga- tion of the Red Cross to provide adequately for our American soldiers and sailors both in the camps and at the Front. . - In commenting on the appointment, Chairman Davison said: “The War Council greatly regrets the loss of the assist- ance of Mr. Hurley, but in no way could the vacancy have been filled to the greater advantage of the Red Cross than by the appointment of Mr. Ryan. “John D. Ryan, like many others, is devoting his whole time as a volunteer to the service of the nation through the Red Cross. It is one of the unique privi- leges of the Red Cross in this great emergency to be able to command the administrative genius of such a man, for it is the kind of service that no money can buy.” * THE BUREAU OF INSTRUCTION Miss Helen Scott Hay, R. N., who lately returned from Bulgaria where she served as an American Red Cross Nurse for two years, has been appointed Director of the Bureau of Instruction in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick, and Home Dietetics with MOTOR-TRUCK DRIVERS WANTED FOR SERVICE IN FRANCE Twenty experienced motor-truck drivers, twenty helpers, and ten expert mechanics are needed at once by the American Red Cross for service in France, according to a cabled request just received from Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, in charge of the Red Cross Commission to France. The mechanical squad will include master carpenters, body builders, painters, machinists and electricians— two of each. The trucks for which drivers are sought are of two-ton capacity and will be used in the rapid transfer of Red Cross supplies from seaports to their destinations, a service made necessary by the congested condition of the French railroads. . The Red Cross calls for volunteers for this service to work without compensation. Men who have passed the age of liability for military service are desired. It is hoped that employers of motor drivers and the other expert help required will contribute the service of the men, paying their salaries while in Red Cross service. The Red Cross will provide transportation and meet the living expenses of the volunteers while abroad. It is the intention, when the men are recruited, to give , them intensive mechanical training, some drill, and if Ssible preliminary instruction in the French language. ºters of assistance to meet this particular Red Cross lºsion of the American Red Cross, Metro- New York City, or to the nearest Red hygiene and home care of the sick are held under tº Nº. be sent to A. W. Staub, Director of the auspices of the National Committee on Nursing Service." Of which Miss Delano is chairman. Instructors for these classes must be appointed by the American Red Cross. The instructors in elementary hygiene and home care of the sick must be regularly enrolled Red Cross Nurses, who are moreover especially qualified as teachers. Women instructing classes in dietetics must have had a two-years' course in a recognized school of domestic science, and further, be authorized by a com- mittee appointed for that purpose. All of these classes are under the Supervision of the Bureau of Instruction.” Miss Hay was formerly superintendent of the Pasa- dena Hospital, California, and for six years superinten- dent of the Illinois Training School for Nurses. In 1914 she left Chicago with the intention of going to Bulgaria, but went instead with the Red Cross ship to Russia, in charge of the nurses on the ship. She was appointed senior supervising nurse of the group of nurses in Russia, remained there eight months, and then went into Bulgaria. She was conductor of the Training School for Nurses at Foteenoff Military Hos- pital, Sofia, until March 1, 1916. She did public relief work in Philippopolis from March 1, 1916, to March 20, 1917. . EXAMINATIONS FOR MEDICAL CORPS The National Board of Medical Examiners announces that examinations will be held in Chicago, October Io to 18. The regular Medical Corps of the Army and Navy may be entered by successful candidates without further professional examination, provided they meet the physical and adaptability requirements. RED CROSS CONFERENCE WITH EDITORS Not since the Red Cross was placed on a war basis has there been so complete an exposition of its organi- zation, aims, and activities as was given in Washington On July 26 at the conference of magazine editors. Representatives of the leading women's magazines of the United States were present by special invitation of the Red Cross, and the greater part of the forenoon was spent discussing particular phases of Red Cross work. Ivy L. Lee, in charge of publicity, presided, and the opening address was made by Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council. - Address by Mr. Davison “We shall run the Red Cross as an open book,” said Mr. Davison. “We want everybody in the country to know everything about the Red Cross every day. We shall, as far as possible, tell the people Monday night what we have done on Monday. We want the whole American people to know it on Tuesday, and if there is any criticism we want to hear it at once so that we can do better on Wednesday. , ... - “This is your Red Cross. It is the American people's Red Cross. We are merely servants of 100,000,000 people who have intrusted us with a very large amount of money to use on their behalf in the alleviation of misery, in helping to make comfortable our own sol- diers and sailors, and in giving renewed heart and courage to our Allies. - “We are only just beginning to spend the money. Every cent of it will be expended in the most careful way and with the utmost regard to what we believe are the desires of the people. We are making careful plans, all of which will be announced as soon as they and gave a brief statement of the base hospital Organi- zation and related work already completed or under way. - The Red Cross Nursing Service was comprehensively set forth by Miss Jane Delano, chairman of the National Committee, Miss Clara D. Noyes, Director of Nursing Service, Miss Fannie F. Clement, Director of Town and Country Nursing Service, and Miss Helen Scott Hay, Director of the Bureau of Instruction in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick, and Home Dietetics. The work of the Woman's Bureau was presented by Miss Florence M. Marshall, Director, and by Miss Mabel T. Boardman, member of the Advisory Com- mittee. - Eliot Wadsworth, Acting Chairman, discussed the - membership work of the Red Cross, its rapid growth, and the relation of the national organization to the individuals who make it up. Frank M. Chapman, Director of Publications, explained the work of this bureau, to which is committed the publishing of the A. R. C. circulars, the Bulletin, and other publica- tions issued by the Red Cross. He showed that in addition to its other activities, the Red Cross is a great publishing house. - Resolution Adopted Before the conference adjourned, Miss Ida C. Clarke, Washington editor of the Pictorial Review, offered the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted: RESOLVED: First.—That the editors and representatives of women's magazines participating in this conference pledge their hearty support to the Red Cross, in its various activities. . Second.--That the magazines here represented will use the space that may be available to them for this work in the way that seems to promise the widest service to their readers, and to the Red Cross, .# - *~ * ~ * 㺺tº-º-º-º-º-º: - ... x - *~~~f~…~~~~ YYY. 4 x -ºº ºx : ...; ~££2. ~43. *** ***-ft tºº sº fºº, y w 15,000. at Geneva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 10,000 Relief work in Near East, through Ameri- can Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300,000 Emergency relief in Roumania through Red Cross Commission . . . . • * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . 200,000 Expenses, Commission to Roumania, and for Squad of 10 doctors and 10 nurses sent to Roumania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 Emergency relief work in Italy through Red Cross Commission to Italy (to be ex- : pended at discretion of that Commis- Sion) . . . . . . . . . . . . e o e s a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,000 Expenses, Commission to Italy. . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 For expenses of Commission to Serbia. . . . 1,500 For work in the United states: . . . . . ,’ Bathing pool and construction of convales- cent homes at Ft. Oglethorpe and Ft. McPherson, Ga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,715 Expense, New York Base Hospital No. 15.. 2,400 Construction of temporary warehouse in New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,102 Bathing pool at Gettysburg Military Camp 300 Development of Bureau of Sanitary Service 10,000 Expenses of setting up, and operation of, . Red Cross General Hospital No. 1 (for . . . . the coming year). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,500 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,238,367. It will be obvious that the foregoing appropriations are almost entirely to meet immediate emergencies. and relief purposes during coming winter 200,000 All of the sums appropriated for the use of the Special Commissions sent to Europe may not be used, but in order that such relief as could be extended should be given immediately, if needed, it was con- sidered wise to place certain funds at the disposal of these commissions. A full statement of the actual expenditures will be made later. Plans, which will be announced as soon as they are matured, are under consideration for effort upon a much more extensive scale, specially for the most effective possible cooperation with the Army and Navy in caring for our own men. Efforts to aid and assist the sick, wounded, and afflicted among our Allies, will be based on careful inquiry now being made. All plans for expenditure will be determined after securing the best technical advice obtainable. The expenses of the Red Cross Commissions to France and Russia have been met by private Sub- scription. The purpose of the Special Commissions to Roumania and Italy is primarily to report on the needs in those countries. The expenses are for pur- poses of Survey and in only small measure to extend the relief. Many members of these commissions pay all their own expenses. Personnel at Nationai Headquarters One year ago, in time of peace, the Red Cross had 206,077 members and 75 employees at Washington headquarters. Of these employees or officers on a peace footing, 29 received salaries of $2,000 or more. Today, in time of war, with 2,547,412 members, the Red Cross has 707 paid employees, and 14 officers or employees have been added to the number receiving salaries of $2,000 or more a year. There are 61 full time volunteers. º: The salary list under peace conditions, which is still continued in operation, included one officer with a salary of $7,500, one at $6,000, four at $4,000, two at $3,600, two at $3,500, one at $3,250, nine at $3,000, one at $2,250, and eight at $2,000. Of the 43 officers or employees who are paid salaries of $2,000 or more, fourteen have been added since the appointment of the War Council on May 10; one with a salary of $6,000, one at $4,500, one at $4,000, two at $3,000, one at $2,700, one at $2,500, three between $2,000 and $2,400, and four at $2,000. Aside from the officers or employees receiving Sal- aries of $2,000 or above, all other paid employees at headquarters are clerks or messengers. Of the clerks 24 receive salaries in excess of $100 a month, 33 are paid $100 a month, and 607 are paid less than $100 a month. Many employees receive only nominal Sal- aries, whereas they are accustomed to earn much more. This service is their contribution to the Red Cross. Volunteers at Washington The full-time volunteer workers, who are aiding in administering the affairs of the Red Cross during the war, include the head of the largest copper company in the world, a bank president, a railroad vice-presi- dent, and numerous men of influence and prominence from all parts of the United States. The ability and enthusiasm which have been placed freely at the dis- posal of the Red Cross in this situation is one of the most remarkable features of this enterprise. Members of the War Council and their staff assist- “laughing gas, ants, together with many heads of departments created specially for war service, are serving without salary from the Red Cross. All administration and overhead expenses at head- quarters are much more than met by dues from mem- bers of the Red Cross. Thus the War Fund is and will continue to be available for actual relief work in Europe as well as in this country. Tobacco for the Troops in France The Red Cross has just received the following cable- gram from its Commission to France: Please arrange ship ten tons tobacco earliest date: 60 per cent cigarette mixtures; 20 per cent pipe tobacco; 20 per cent chewing tobacco. For use of troops. No suitable tobacco ob- tainable here. Supply American tobacco exhausted. Y.M.C.A. shipment lost. Prompt shipment important. - The War Council plans, therefore, to avail itself immediately of a very generous offer of the Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company, to donate for the use of American troops abroad 500,000 Fatima cigarettes, 500,000 Piedmont cigarettes, 500,000 Chesterfield cigarettes, 10,000 five-cent packages of Velvet Smoking tobacco, 10,000 five-cent packages of Duke’s Mixture smoking tobacco, and 10,000 ten-cent cuts of Star chewing tobacco. A large consignment of tobacco is accordingly to be forwarded immediately. The French Government having arranged to admit free of duty all articles consigned to American troops, this allows free entry for chocolate, tobacco, cigarettes, games, playing cards, and other ‘‘comforts.’’ Anaesthetics and Surgical Apparatus for France In response to an urgent cablegram from Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, head of the Red Cross Com- mission in France, the Red Cross is planning to ship to Europe 100,000 one-half pound tins of ether. Because of the shortage of anaesthetics in France, the Red Cross War Council, in addition, has author- ized Major Murphy to establish, as soon as practicable, a central plant to manufacture nitrous oxygen, or ’’ one of the most effective and harm- less of anaesthetics for short operations. American machinery will be shipped to France for this purpose, and American operatives will be sent over to conduct the plant. Also, by reason of the shortage of Surgical appa- ratus, the Red Cross has planned to establish in France a small factory for the repair of surgical apparatus and the manufacture of the more simple instruments. Four men expert in the repair of ortho- pedic appliances are to go to France immediately, and the necessary manufacturing machinery will be sent over as soon as it can be obtained. Forty-seven hospitals in the United States have established Army base hospitals. These hospitals are completely equipped with the best physicians, Sur- geons and nurses in the country, ready for instant service. Each is capable of caring for the wounded of an army of 20,000 men. The staff and equipment of ten base hospitals have already been sent to France. The American Red Cross and Allied Relief Societies “The best way in which to impart the greatest efficiency and energy to the relief work, which this war will entail, will be to concentrate it in the hands of a single experienced organization which has been recognized by law and by international convention as the public instrumentality for such purposes. Indeed, such a con- centration of administrative action in this matter, it seems to me, is absolutely necessary, and I hereby earnestly call upon all those who can contribute, either great sums or small, to the alleviation of the suffering and dis- tressed, which must inevitably arise out of this fight for humanity and democracy, to contribute to the Red Cross.” – From public statement by President Wilson, May 12, 1917. The Red Cross is very much gratified to be able to announce that the National Surgical Dressings Committee, one of the most important of the relief organizations called into being by the European War, has become an auxiliary of the American Red Cross. This arrangement was perfected after protracted negotiation between Mrs. Mary Hatch Willard, the organizer and chairman of the Surgical Dressings Committee, and Judge Robert S. Lovett, chairman of the Red Cross Committee on Cooperation. Has Served More Than 1,500 Hospitals The National Surgical Dressings Committee has done a marvelous work. It has made and forwarded over 16,000,000 surgical dressings for use in over 1,500 hospitals on the continent of Europe. Its aim has been to prepare dressings with special reference to the particular needs in different localities, and its work has been handled with great efficiency and with splendid spirit. The committee has about 25,000 working members in different parts of the United States. - - The arrangement with the Red Cross provides that the Surgical Dressings Committee shall retain its name and organization, and carry on its present work in the United States as a national auxiliary of the Red Cross. It may solicit funds in its own name, but no solicitation shall be made in the name of the Red Cross unless all the proceeds therefrom are turned over to the Red Cross organization. The committee will give full reports concerning its activities and finances to the Red Cross. The Red Cross will seek to perfect the standards of materials sent abroad, and will disseminate among all Chapters and organizations doing relief work in- formation as to the nature and quantity of materials and supplies most needed at the front. The Surgical Tressings Committee, in its work for American hos- pitals in Europe, will conform to such standards. The French Section The French section of this committee will be- come the Surgical Dressings Service Department of the American National Red Cross. It will administer in France all the surgical dressings work of the Red Cross, and will be in charge of Mrs. C. K. Austin, heretofore director in Paris of the French section of the Surgical Dressings Committee. - The Red Cross seeks to encourage the efforts of all relief organizations. It is hoped that all such organi- zations, which are manufacturing materials for hos- pital or other relief work among our Allies in Eu- rope, may become auxiliaries of the Red Cross, thus avoiding duplication. Such auxiliaries will retain their name and identity, the Red Cross will assist them in making their work effective, and with such affilia- tion the Red Cross will transport their materials to Europe free of charge, and see to it that such ma- terials are properly distributed. Restrictions Upon Shipping Pressure upon shipping space has become very intense, and it is absolutely necessary that for the present nothing be shipped abroad which is not imperatively needed. Ocean shipping difficulties be- Come greater each day the submarine warfare is con- tinued. The Red Cross cannot provide shipping ar- rangements for articles other than those which its investigations in Europe show to be required there. The Red Cross has assumed administration of the War Relief Clearing House in France, and will con- tinue its functions. By reason of the great pressure on the French railways, it will be impossible for the War Relief Clearing House to arrange free trans- portation after September 1 for articles other than those which may be designated as essential in the present emergency. In the meantime, the American Red Cross has been cooperating successfully with the War Relief learing House in the United States in assisting the various relief organizations to obtain the utmost pos- sible space for shipping to Europe from American ports. Everything offered thus far has been shipped abroad. Present Status of Red Cross It should be understood, however, that the situa- tion as to relief organizations which prevails now as compared with that before the declaration of war by the United States, is wholly different. Prior to that time the American Red Cross had to be neutral, whereas the various relief organizations were under no such obligation. With our entry into the war, the Red Cross became free to exert itself in any way which, within the scope of its general activities, might aid our Allies and allied peoples. - We earnestly hope that no one will feel that the Red Cross desires to do anything but help. The Red Cross is an American institution, chartered by the United States government, and the President of the United States is its President. The organization be- longs to the American people, and seeks in this great world emergency to do nothing more and nothing less than to coördinate the generosity and the effort of our people toward achieving a supreme aim. Bureau of Sanitary Service Under Dr. W. H. Frost In accordance with its policy of safeguarding the health, not only of the armed forces, but also of the civilian population, the American Red Cross has es- tablished a Bureau of Sanitary Service. The work of this new Bureau will center in the civilian areas surrounding Army cantonments. It will supplement and assist federal, state, and local health authorities in meeting sanitary emergencies created by the war. Sanitary control of the military camps and naval bases will be lodged in the military and naval author- ities, but the regions immediately adjoining these centers will be under no such jurisdiction. Neverthe- less there will be sanitary problems to be met, and it is to provide adequate preparedness to meet such problems that the Red Cross has organized its Bureau of Sanitary Service. - - To Meet Special Problems There is the problem of increased milk supply, for example, involving largely increased forces of inspec- tors. There is the problem of malaria in certain of the Southern States; mosquitoes must be extermi- nated, not only in the camps proper, but in the Sur- rounding country as well; this problem the Red Cross is already at work upon. Many other special sanita- tion problems are being anticipated and preparations niade tº meet them. Where local health authorities are insufficiently equipped to meet new conditions, the Red Cross will offer the assistance of its Bureau of Sanitary Service. The Public Health Service will act as the advance agent, deciding in conjunction with local authorities what measures are necessary and how much equip- ment will be needed in each case. The Sanitary Unit Whenever the request is made by state authorities, accompanied by a recommendation of the Public Health Service, the Red Cross will furnish any im- portant military area with a sanitary unit. This will consist of the required number of bacteriologists, Su- pervising and subordinate sanitary inspectors, public health nurses and assistants. The Red Cross will be prepared to furnish this unit with equipment and maintenance, including laboratory equipment, trans- portation, and such supplies as disinfectants and screening to enable the poor to carry out the requisite sanitary precautions in their homes. W. H. Frost, surgeon of the Public Health Service, has been assigned by the Surgeon General as director of the Bureau of Sanitary Service. Dr. Frost is one of the leaders of his profession, and has had wide ex- perience extending over thirteen years in the Public Health Service. He was in New Orleans during the Yellow Fever epidemic of 1905, and has studied polio- myelitis in Buffalo and Batavia, N. Y., in Iowa, and in the New York epidemic of last year. He was also connected with the hygienic laboratories which studied the pollution of the Potomac River and also of the Ohio River. C. A. Coffin Succeeds Judge Lovett on Committee on Cooperation On account of his appointment by President Wilson to membership in the War Industries Board, Judge Robert S. Lovett has resigned from the chairmanship of the Red Cross Committee on Cooperation. This committee, which was organized early in the summer as one of the first agencies authorized by the War Council, has had in hand plans for coordinating the work of various war relief organizations with that of the Red Cross. Chairman Davison, of the War Council, has ap- pointed C. A. Coffin to succeed Judge Lovett. Mr. Coffin, who is chairman of the board of directors of the General Electric Company, is a member of the War Relief Clearing House and has been active in war relief work since shortly after the beginning of the war. The Red Cross is especially fortunate in Securing his trained and enthusiastic service, as a vol- unteer, to head this important committee. Mr. Davison has also added H. E. Andrews, of New York City, to the committee. Mr. Andrews is presi- dent of the New York State Railways and is chairman of the finance committee of the War Relief Clearing House. The other members of the Red Cross Com- mittee on Cooperation are: A. D. Hodenpyl of Grand Rapids, George Wharton Pepper of Philadelphia, Bishop Brent of the Philippines, Edward D. Butler of Chicago, and John F. Moors of Boston. t Motor Transports for France As a part of the equipment which the American Red Cross is assembling for relief work in France, a fleet of motor transports is being organized at the request of Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, in charge of Red Cross work in France. The first unit of trucks is now being forwarded. It is hoped eventually to organize such an efficient and well equipped transport service that the Red Cross Supplies may be carried without delay to any point needed, and without placing any additional burden upon the already overloaded railroads of France. The unit now being forwarded will be completely equipped and manned, ready for immediate service. Fifty experienced men—including drivers, mechanics, body-builders, painters and other craftsmen—will be included in the personnel. Practically all of these men will receive special training in their respective tasks and will be given sufficient military instruction to meet the requirements of service with the fighting forces in Europe. --- The work is being organized and carried out under the personal Supervision of an experienced railroad executive. He is giving his entire time to the Red Cross in helping to solve the tremendous transporta- tion problems which have to be faced in furnishing material assistance to the armies of the United States and her Allies, as well as to the stricken civilian popu- lations of Europe. THE RED CROSS BULLETIN Red Cross Plans for Christmas plans for soldiers and sailors will be the distribution - AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. I OCTOBER 15, 1917 No. 24 of Soldiers and Sailors The main features of the War Council's Christmas of about a million Christmas packets, and the erection of a Red Cross Christmas tree at each cantonment, it has been decided after several conferences. Allotment of the number of packets to be provided from each Division is based partly on the number of soldiers drawn from each section, and partly on the degree of Red Cross development in the respective - Each Chapter is to be notified by its Divisions. Division Manager of the number of packets it is ex- pected to provide. Chapters will be requested to turn over these packets to the Division supply warehouses for distribution, and not direct to any particular camp or cantonment. The warehouses will reship the packets to certain points for foreign shipment, and to camps, Canton- ments and naval stations in this country, according to carefully developed plans for equal distribution. Approximately one third of each Chapter's allotment will be needed in the Division warehouses not later than November 1, to allow time for shipment abroad. The Bureau of Supplies is stocking the branch warehouses with khaki handkerchiefs, writing pads and checkerboards, which articles are to form part of the packets, and when Chapters are called upon for Christmas packets the articles mentioned will be available to them. A list of items recommended for Red Cross Christ- mas packets, and the proper method of wrapping them, were given in RED CROSS BULLETIN No. 17, and also in leaflet A. R. C. 404. It is expected that money for Christmas packages will be raised by Chapters, through contributions by individuals for this purpose. Increased Facilities for Red Cross Relief Work in Belgium An appropriation of $589,930 for the relief of Bel- gians not under the rule of Germany has been made by the War Council, to begin the work of the new Red Cross Department for Belgium, recently organ- ized under the Red Cross Commission to France. Relief work in Belgium has been separated from that in France because of the present difficulties of communication and transportation in France. By establishing a new department at Havre, the present seat of the Belgian Government, the Red Cross pro- gram of relief in that part of Belgium still outside the German grip will be well under way before winter. Two of the ablest administrators of the Red Cross Commission to France, Ernest P. Bicknell, former Director-General of Civilian Relief of the Red Cross, and Dr. John Van Schaick, have been placed in charge of this new work. - Comprehensive plans for the relief work of the Department are already under way in Belgium. These were outlined in conferences between King Al- bert and Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, head of the Commission to France. Warehouses and stores are to be immediately erected along canals and highways in Belgium to serve as centers of relief distribution. From these, by means of barges and automobiles, using the Flemish canals and roads, foodstuffs and clothing will be distributed to the hundreds of thou- sands of Belgian refugees crowded behind the lines. Particular attention is to be given Belgian children and orphans, the chief sufferers during the three years of the war. The Red Cross is planning to aid hostels, established under the direction of the Queen of Bel- gium, for the care of children under four years of age, and to see that the schooling of children torn apart from their homes does not entirely cease. Refugee Belgian children in France and Switzerland. are also to receive special care. - The appropriation includes money for the opera- tion of a hospital for wounded Belgian soldiers, to Supplement the already over-taxed hospital resources of the Belgian Government. Distribution System in France Being Rapidly Perfected Sixteen large warehouses throughout France have now been established by the Commission to France, as part of its war relief distribution system. These de- pots are used to serve the American troops and the hundreds of war hospitals behind the French firing line, and to reach the thousands of French refugees. Six of the new Red Cross warehouses are in Paris, the center of the system. Ten others are in depart- ments outside the capital. Supplies are distributed from them by motor trucks, wagons and every avail- able means of transportation, to hospitals and other institutions, . Approximately fifteen thousand tons of materials are now being distributed monthly from these ware- houses. A large proportion of these supplies is for- warded from the United States by the Red Cross Supply Service directly from Chapter work-rooms and from relief societies affiliated with the Red Cross. Plans are now under way to increase the present limited warehouse facilities at French seaports, when greater quantities of supplies from the United States can be handled. The stocks of goods carried by the warehouses are as varied as those of great wholesale houses or depart- ment stores. Every kind of medical supplies, drugs, and surgical instruments is in stock for the use of hos- pital staffs. Foodstuffs, clothing, building materials, plowing implements and tools are being imported in large quantities for assisting French refugees. Red Cross warehouses in Paris alone have a capacity of three and a half million cubic feet and hold sixty thousand tons of supplies at a time. Here supplies are handled in true American fashion, and at one of the warehouses railway freight cars are run directly into the building to unload. American college men direct the work, while the force of workmen is recruited from veteran French soldiers and Belgian men no longer fit for military duty. Red Cross Assists in Relief of Chinese Flood Sufferers The Department of State has transmitted to the American Red Cross a paraphrase of a cable received from Mr. Paul S. Reinsch, American Minister in China, as follows: “A flood disaster in Tien-Tsin has rendered four hundred thousand persons destitute. The Chinese are actively relieving but they cannot cope with the situa- tion. The commanding officer of the American forces, at my suggestion, is prepared to assume control of relief work which might be undertaken by representa- tives of missionary and other organizations in con- junction with Americans. Can the American Red Cross render assistance with funds? Substantial re- sults could be obtained with two hundred thousand dollars.” - In response to the foregoing, the State Department was requested by the American Red Cross to forward the following cable in reply to the American Min- ister in China: ‘‘The American Red Cross desires to render assis- tance at Tien-Tsin. Please cable immediate detailed information of the extent and nature of need and the means and personnel for administration of relief now in progress. State fully what funds now are pros- pectively available and from what sources. When can emergency relief work end? What will be the total amount needed ? - “The Red Cross further requests your approval of the appointment of Roger Green, of the Rockefeller China Medical Board, as Red Cross representative, and the organization by you of an American Commit- tee, not exceeding nine persons, to advise and assist him in control of the Red Cross contribution and its relief work; this committee to include yourself as chairman, and, as a member, the commanding officer of the American forces, and also, in your discretion, appropriate prominent representatives of principal mission boards, : ‘‘The Red Cross desires the most efficient adminis- tration, the fullest use of the personnel named in your cable, and ample current reports of the progress of the work, with later full and detailed financial ac- counting and narrative report of results. The Ameri- can Red Cross is now clearly committed, by public opinion here, principally to war relief in America and France. It is not now contemplated that more than two hundred thousand dollars will be forthcom- ing from American Red Cross funds. You may draw on the State Department for fifty thousand dollars available from the American Red Cross, immediately upon your determining the feasibility of the organiza- tion suggested above. Further amounts may be re- quested upon definite statement of needs and pur- poses. “The New York office of the China Medical Board is cabling Roger Green to accept the appointment which the American Red Cross is offering him by cable, subject to your approval.’’ Roger Green is business manager of the China Medi- cal Board, one of the subsidiary organizations of the Rockefeller Foundation. He was born in Japan and has spent most of his life in the Far East. For some years he was American Consul at Hankow and is fully conversant with Chinese affairs as well as Far Eastern questions in general. Thanks Red Cross for Aid in Greece The American Red Cross is in receipt of a letter from Hon. Georges Roussos, the recently appointed Minister for Greece, expressing the appreciation of his Government for the relief rendered by the Ameri- can Red Cross during the last fire at Salonica. This work was conducted by Dr. Edward Ryan, Red Cross representative in Serbia. The letter is as follows: ‘‘I have been instructed by my Government to ex- press their deepest gratefulness to the American Red Cross, for their help during the last fire at Salonica, which burned down whole quarters of this city and destroyed the homes of thousands of inhabitants. “The work done by the American Red Cross there was highly appreciated by my Government in view of the fact that the misery was, and is still, great. “With my personal gratefulness and thanks, I re- main, very sincerely yours, G. ROUSSOs, Minister for Greece.” Surgical Dressings Guide Issued The Red Cross has just issued through its thirteen Division offices a “Guide for Instructors in Surgical Dressings.” The booklet was written by Dr. Mary B. Crans, instructor in Spanish at Central High School, Washington, D. C., in collaboration with Miss Mary W. Cox, instructor in surgical dressings at the District Chapter of the Red Cross, Washington. The guide is illustrated with numerous diagrams, and gives complete details for making surgical dress- ings as taught in the Red Cross course of twenty-four lessons. . Red Cross Welcomes Help of Salvation Army Plans for close cooperation between the American Red Cross and the Salvation Army have been agreed wpon between the two organizations, and are set forth in the following letter from Eliot Wadsworth, Acting Chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, to Miss Evangeline Booth, Commander of the Salvation Army. An understanding of the work- $ng agreement between the two organizations is highly important to all Chapters, to whose attention this letter is particularly directed : - September 21, 1917. Miss Evangeline Booth, Commander of The Salvation Army, 120 West 14th St., New York. My dear Miss Booth: Your letter of August 27th so generously offering to the Red Cross the cooperation of the Salvation Army and its facilities throughout the United States, has been carefully considered, and, after consultation between Col. Parker and a representative of the Red Cross Cooperation Committee, the following is our understanding of an arrangement that will operate to the satisfaction of both the Salvation Army and the Red Cross: . First—Measures will be taken by the Red Cross to perfect the standards of materials for use in America and abroad, to keep constantly informed of require- ments, and to disseminate among its chapters and supply the general office of the Salvation Army as requested, information respecting the nature and quantity of materials and supplies most needed at the time. - Second—It is understood that the Salvation Army, in view of its prestige throughout the United States, does not care to and will not use the name of the American Red Cross or its insignia in its campaigns for contributions of both money and materials through its War Service League, or other branches, but desires to make its solicitations for both money and supplies independently, using the funds received for various works of charity as seems wisest in the judgment of its officers. . - Third—It is the desire of the Salvation Army, and such cooperation is greatly appreciated by the Red Cross, that the branches of the War Service League contribute to the American Red Cross, either through local chapters or in New York, all articles for war relief either manufactured or purchased by its mem- bers; and that the activities of its members in the manufacture of articles shall be directed in accordance with information respecting the nature and quantity of materials and supplies received from time to time from the American Red Cross. - Fourth—Such information respecting the nature and quantities of materials and supplies needed by the Red Cross as is furnished to the headquarters of the Salvation Army, may be re-printed by it for circula- tion to its various branches, provided such copies bear a proper note to the effect that they are re-prints of Red Cross literature. - Fifth–The various branches of the War Service League of the Salvation Army will cause to be printed and attached to the outside of packages of Supplies contributed to the Red Cross, a sticker or tag giving the name and address of the branch of its organization making the contribution. Sixth–Any closer cooperative arrangement here- after to be made between local branches of the War Service League and the Red Cross Chapters, shall be approved by the proper officer of each of the national organizations. - Seventh—It is understood that a copy of this letter of arrangement will be furnished by the Red Cross to each of its chapters and by the War Service League to each of its branches, so that there may be no mis- understanding in local activities. Eighth—This arrangement shall be in effect for the period of the war; provided, however, that either party may terminate the same and discontinue the arrangement hereby established by giving to the other party thirty days’ written notice of its intention so to do. With respect to the use of buildings, equipment, etc., in various parts of the United States, the prop- erty of the Salvation Army, it is understood that no definite arrangement shall be made at present, but that further negotiations may be carried on as the need for such facilities becomes apparent. A letter from you confirming arrangement as out- lined above will be appreciated. Thanking you for your generous cooperation and assuring you of our deepest appreciation, we beg to remain, - Yours very truly, (Signed) ELIOT WADSworth, Acting Chairman. Junior Red Cross Accepts Cooperation of Collegiate Periodical League Boys and girls of the Red Cross Junior Member- ship may cooperate with the Collegiate Periodical League in gathering magazines for the army camps. Dr. H. N. MacCracken, President of Vassar College, who has charge of the Junior Membership, has an- nounced his approval of this activity. The Collegiate Periodical League has established nearly 100 centers throughout the country, through which magazines are reaching the army camps ten days after publication. The League has the support of the American Library Association. - - In many cities the Boy Scouts or Camp Fire Girls are delivering magazines to the local libraries, for free shipment to camps. - “In cities where other organizations have monopo- lized all this work,” Dr. MacCracken advises, ‘‘the Junior Red Cross Membership could find them out and cooperate with them. The librarians of the coun- try will be very glad to help the boys and girls in learning what magazines are most wanted, and what magazines are the most desirable to collect.” Miss Sarah L. De Lamater, Vassar '11, is Secre- tary of the Collegiate Periodical League. The address is 63 West 71st Street, New York City. Many Theatrical Stars Help Make Red Cross Pageant a Success Many of the leading theatrical stars of America contributed their services in the National Red Cross Pageant held on the afternoon of October 5 at the Rosemary Open-Air Theater, on the estate of Roland B. Conklin, Huntington, L. I. Five hundred persons appeared in the production, which was in two parts. The first was made up of festival scenes illustrating the spirit of the allied nations. The second, a dra- matic statement of the Allies’ cause in the war, was entitled “The Drawing of the Sword.” Jritics reported the pageant one of the most elab- orate and artistic dramatic events ever staged out of doors. Weather conditions were ideal. More than 5,000 people were in the audience. - Joseph Lindon Smith and Thomas Wood Stevens wrote the book of the pageant. It was planned, or- ganized and managed by Evan Evans, Director of the Red Cross Motion Picture Bureau at Washington. On the general committee were Daniel Frohman, E. H. Sothern, Evan Evans and John K. Hodges. Herbert L. Pratt Was Treasurer. Thomas Wood Stevens was Production Director, with B. Iden Payne as his Associate. Mrs. John Alden Carpenter, Ben Ali Haggin, Paul Chalfin and Douglas J. Wood directed respectively the Russian, French, Italian and Flem- ish episodes. The Committee on Arrangements and Decorations included Mrs. C. A. Coffin, Burt Fenner, Edmund Goulding, Mrs. George Whitney, Victor Freeman, John C. Hegeman, John W. Harris and Paul Meyer. J. Monroe Hewlett designed the settings for the pro- duction. - The orchestra was conducted by David Mannes. Before and after the pageant the first public concert was given by Lieut. John Philip Sousa and his En- listed Marine Band of 250 pieces, by courtesy of Capt. W. A. Moffett, Commander of the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, Chicago. Mrs. Robert Bacon was Chairman of the Board of Patrons and Patronesses, which included 200 names. The pageant was the contribution of the artists of the stage to the American Red Cross, and many of the best known actors and actresses of the American stage donated their services to the performance. Rumors Against Red Cross to be Vigorously Hunted Down Harvey D. Gibson, General Manager of the Ameri- can Red Cross, has sent the following telegram to Red Cross Division Managers: ‘‘It is evident that rumors and innuendoes, critical of and calculated to embarrass the Red Cross, are be- ing industriously circulated as part of an anti-patri- otic propaganda. Insofar as such statements or ques- tions are merely efforts to obtain information they should be earnestly and sincerely met, but many of the stories, utterly unwarranted in fact, emanate simultaneously from too many different parts of the country to be merely accidental. - “Suggest you advise all Chapters to tell all workers officially and advise local press and every one with whom they come in contact of the character of the movement which is on foot, and ask members and public generally to proceed on the theory that nothing against Red Cross should be believed until investiga- tion. Ask each Chapter send to Division Headquar- ters account of all such rumors and criticisms being circulated as well as statements of source from which they come. “Every criticism should be carefully investigated and if found to be justified the cause for criticism should be removed either in the Chapter at Division Headquarters or at National Headquarters. In all cases the Red Cross will bring facts to attention of interested persons. Very important that Division |Headquarters and each local Chapter be made to un- derstand that reputation and standing of the Red Cross locally is in hands of local officers, and interested workers and members, and that every criticism or in- nuendo against Red Cross should be immediately cnal- lenged and followed up. The Red Cross is being run as an open book, it has no secrets, it is making a sincere effort to serve mankind, and is doing it as carefully and economically as it knows how. Its accounts are to be audited by the War Department, and the utmost effort is being made to give publicity to all its activities. “Please see to it that these suggestions are made the subject of an earnest circular to every Chapter, urging the utmost thoroughness in attention to this matter. Answer.’’ HARVEY D. GIBSON, General Manager. Hollis Amendment Exempts Charity Donations from Tax The passage of the Hollis amendment to the bill (H. R. 4280) to provide war revenue now permits persons who contribute to the Red Cross to deduct such dona- tions from their gross income, when making income- tax returns. The amendment reads: “Contributions or gifts actually made within the year to corporations or associations organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, or educational purposes, or to societies for the pre- vention of cruelty to children or animals, no part of the net income of which inures to the benefit of any private stockholder or individual, to an amount not in excess of fifteen per centum of the taxpayer's tax- able net income as computed without the benefit of this paragraph. Such contributions or gifts shall be allowable as deductions only if verified under rules and regulations prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.’’ - The Madison Avenue Methodist Church of New York has presented to the Bellevue Base Hospital Unit an automobile truck and two motorcycles for use in France. - { . 5. Mt. s: * 0 * . - | / f sº f Á -: 4 BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS . WASHINGTON, D. C. vol. I NOVEMBER 5, 1917 No. 27 Paris Office Cables Report on Present Activities in France The work being carried on by the American Red Cross in France is summarized in the following cable from Paris Headquarters: We have just completed a gift of 5,000,000 francs to needy sick and wounded French soldiers and needy families of soldiers. We have established twenty dispensaries in the American Army Zone to care for the resident civilians and to improve health conditions in that section before the coming of our troops. We are providing a dental ambulance at a port in France for the use of our soldiers and sailors, and have organized a nurses’ service for American Army TLS63. Our hospital distributing service sends supplies to 3,423 French military hospitals and is laying in a large stock for future needs; our surgical dressings service supplies 2,000 French hospitals and is pre- paring immense supplies for our own army. We are operating at the front line, in cooperation with the French Red Cross, ten canteens and are preparing to establish twenty more. We are operating six canteens for use of French soldiers at important railway centers where we serve about 30,000 soldiers a day, and are planning many more. In Paris canteens, operated by us with the French, we are serving enormous numbers of soldiers as they come and go. We soon expect to have ready twelve rest stations for our own troops at important railway centers, also recuperation camps at Suitable places for many of our soldiers. We are providing an artificial limb factory near Paris and special plants for the manufacture of splints and nitrous oxide gas. - - We have contracted for a movable hospital in four units accommodating 1,000 men. A recreation in connection with hospitals and diet kitchens. regard to wounded and search bureau. - A casualty service for gathering information in missing, and a medical re- Qur work with the civil population covers mainly children refugees and tuberculosis. - We have opened a children’s refuge and hospital at a point in the War Zone where several hundred children have been gathered to keep them away from danger of gas and shell fire. At another point among the wrecked villages we have established a medical center and a traveling dis- pensary to accommodate 1,200 children. We have undertaken extensive medical work for the repatrie children at Evian, about 500 of whom are daily returned from points within the German lines. We have also opened a hospital and convalescent home for these children at Evian, where we are also operating an ambulance service for the returning repatries who are now coming in at a rate of 1,000 a day. We are about to establish infant welfare stations in connection with each dispensary in the nation-wide System planned by the Rockefeller Foundation. We have taken over and are carrying on and de- veloping an extensive tuberculosis work formerly in charge of Mrs. Edith Wharton, and other Americans. We are completing, for the French, an unfinished tuberculosis sanitorium near Paris, and are adding to the barracks for tuberculosis patients erected by the city of Paris. This means adding 1,000 beds to those now available for tuberculosis patients. We are organizing a comprehensive health center in one of the departments of France. We are making arrangements on a large scale to help refugee families through the winter with clothing, beds and shelter, and for this work the entire de- vastated district of France has been divided into six districts with a resident Red Cross delegate in each, and warehouses have been established at four points to which are shipped food, clothing, bedding, beds, household utensils and agricultural implements. We are carrying on repair work in four villages in the devastated region to enable returned families to stay throughout the winter. - We are cooperating with French agencies in various kinds of relief work in the principal agricultural cen- ters in the devastated region, and are supplying port- able houses for the use of the families which have returned to this region. . We are providing barracks to assist in the work of training disabled soldiers, and we expect to establish for them experimental agricultural stations. ..We are organizing extensive work for relief of Bel- gians, both children and grown people, and in this gonnection, We are establishing warehouses near the Belgian front in order that we may be ready to assist the Belgians who may be liberated by a change in the fighting line. - We are aiding the Queen of Belgium in her work for the children, and are assisting in the Support of hospitals and other work for relief of Belgian soldiers. In addition we are bringing a certain number of children from occupied Belgium into France where they may be cared for. To enable us to carry on our work we have estab- lished large central warehouses in Paris, and distribu- tion warehouses at important points from the sea to the Swiss border. In these warehouses will be stored hospital supplies, food, soldier’s comforts, tobacco, blankets and household goods, kitchen utensils, cloth- ing, beds and other articles for relief. Two hundred tons of supplies are arriving in Paris daily, and 125 tons are being reshipped to various branch warehouses. - Our total warehouse capacity is 100,000 tons, and the warehouse personnel at present numbers 125 men, many of whom are volunteers—American men of edu- cation and business training not eligible for military service. Our transportation department, with a personnel of about 400, handles our supplies and furnishes auto- mobiles for use in our work. It has an organized force at every port in France, and is able to handle about 350 tons of supplies daily. We use 400 motor car vehicles, 250 of which are trucks of various sizes. In addition we are preparing to operate a motor bus line through Switzerland from Germany to the French border to aid in transportation of repatries and exchanged prisoners. We operate seven garages and make all repairs on OUII* OWI). CàI’S. Our transportation work is directed by men experi. enced in transportation work in America. Dr. Billings, Just Returned, Tells What Russia Needs Dr. Frank Billings of Chicago, just back from Rus- sia, where he was head of the American Red Cross Special Commission, said in an interview: “Russia’s greatest need today is sincere friendship from the outside. In her struggle for a constitutional and democratic form of government, America can be of immense service, not so much in the way of gifts of money, but by letting the people of Russia know what is going on in this country, and what the United States is doing in the war. Russia is without any American news that is worth while. Most of what they hear about the United States in the war comes to them through pro-German propaganda, and is to the effect that this country is fighting for pecuniary gain; that the United States is a vassal of England and that England wants to rule the world. They have not heard a word of President Wilson’s reasons why we are in this war. “However, America is looked to by the Russians as their best friend. The further cementing of friendly relations will aid Russia in its war operations, and the Red Cross, through its relief work already done and that which will be carried on, will do much to bring this about. The Red Cross Commission to Russia has established a well-organized office, with an efficient personnel in Petrograd and on the road as transportation agents. “The chief function of the Commission in Russia is to attend to the medical and surgical needs of the Army. In this work, the Commission has the cordial support of the Russian public war relief organization. Many are the expressions of gratitude to America for the relief already afforded and promised. The Civilian Relief Work in Petrograd and Moscow applies chiefly to the care of infants and children. It appeals espe- cially to the Russian soldier because America is help- ing his wife and children. “If America will recognize the great power of the people of Russia, their inherent goodness of character and stability, their desire for order, their desire for democracy, by the help which America can give she will cement that friendship for all time. “With the American Red Cross firmly established in Russia, it is to be the policy to furnish such material as may be needed in the care of the sick and injured Soldiers, and in some degree for the civilian population. The members of the Cabinet of the Russian provisional government, the Sanitary Department of the Army, the Russian Red Cross, all the relief organizations, and the ‘All Union of Zenstvos’ have expressed their gratitude for the aid which the American Red Cross has already afforded. A continuation of this good Work by the American Red Cross will be one of the most potent factors in cementing that friendship which is so much desired.” Fourteenth Division is Created, For Insular and Foreign Territory A World-wide campaign to organize in the American Red Cross the thousands of Americans living outside the United States proper is to be inaugurated through the creation of an Insular and Foreign Division. Otis H. Cutler, a prominent New York business man, will be manager of this new division. He will have his offices in Washington and will serve, for the War, without remuneration. The American Red Cross has seven chapters in Alaska, two in Hawaii, and one each in the Philip- pines, Canal Zone, Porto Rico, Cuba, Peru, England, Guam, Uruguay, Persia, and Syria. Under Mr. Cut. ler's direction, additional chapters will be organized in these and other countries. - Many of these foreign chapters have been particu- larly active. The roll of the London chapter contains many names of national prominence. This chapter has been especially serviceable in connection with Red Cross units stopping in London en route to France. The Cuban chapter is raising a million dol- lars to equip a base hospital for service in France. Hawaii has an unusually large membership, and the Honolulu chapter has raised more than $30,000. A number of Americans in Shanghai are organizing a chapter. They recently raised $3,000 to buy material for surgical dressings and hospital supplies. Civil Service examinations are being held every Tuesday in 450 cities of the United States to fill the Government’s urgent need for stenographers and typists. Women especially are being urged to under- take this office work. - Commission to France Estimates Next Six Months' Expenses The Commission to France has cabled to the War Council a general estimate of the money necessary to continue its work over the meat six months. This stimate, which is to be followed by a detailed budget, is being considered by the War Council. The cable: Our departments have nearly completed their budgets for the six months’ period ending April 30th. As far as we can see now, if all the various lines of work now contemplated are to be actively carried on, the budgets will call for an aggregate expenditure of at least $30,000,000 over the six months’ period. This sum, added to appropriations already granted, will amount to about $40,000,000 or about four-fifths of the amount which we have understood is available for work in France from the funds raised last Summer. We do not know to what extent, if at all, We are justified in proceeding on the theory that additional funds will be available, and consequently it is difficult to determine what we ought to count on spending during the next six months. We believe we could expend $30,000,000 and more in Red Cross work, in France and Belgium with the armies and civilian population with most excellent results and in many respects the coming winter will be a most crucial time. We must, however, at all hazards, reserve sufficient funds to meet all demands which may be made upon us by our Army during the coming year and to enable us also to satisfactorily deal with the problem of emer- gency relief which will almost certainly result from radical changes in the line in northern France and Belgium. If we can safely count on spending here approximately $50,000,000 only, it would be folly for us to proceed with the different branches of our work at a rate which will practically exhaust that sum by next summer. In this case it would be necessary for us to curtail in a most radical way the plans now in prospect for useful work with the civilian population, including work for the care and prevention of tuber- culosis, relief of refugees and children, the active prosecution of which is greatly desired by the French authorities. - -. Unexpended balances of previous appropriations are practically all needed to pay for outstanding contracts upon which payments will be made dependent upon deliveries and completion of contract. - We assume that relief work done by us with the French must fill fundamentally two requirements: First—That all our activity contribute to the suc- cessful conduct of the war. - Second—That it relieve suffering caused by the war. Work done with the civil population may have a more important bearing on the military situation even than work done with the forces, for men in the field will be able to carry out their work better with the knowledge that those left at home are being taken care of. - We can not state too strongly the critical situation that will arise during the coming winter and the neces- sity of action in every line and in every field which will conduce to the firm establishment of the morale of the people and the armies. The amount of work that can be done in this direction will be limited solely by the resources at our command, both money and ma- terial. - If the American people can get a real picture of the misery among those who have been, and are being, daily driven out of their homes and dumped in poverty upon other parts of the country, oftentimes terribly sick or mutilated, they will gladly do all in their power to help. How American Red Cross Gave Aid to ‘‘Antilles’’ Survivors A report on the sinking of the Amtilles, from Paris Headquarters of the Red Cross, said in part: You will be glad to learn of the efficient prompt- ness with which the American Red Cross dealt with the sinking of the Army Transport Antilles. The torpedoing occurred at a quarter past six in the morn- ing and resulted in the death of 67 persons as the vessel sank within five minutes after she was struck. The 170 who survived were compelled to take to boats and life rafts with much speed, for it was at Once known that the Antilles could remain afloat only a few minutes. Many were in their night clothes or Only thinly clad. They could take nothing of their personal belongings save what they stood in. After being three hours in the water or on the wet life rafts, the survivors were landed at a port in France. A representative of the Red Cross, provided with ample funds, was dispatched to this port to give all possible aid in the sudden emergency. He was met there by the commanding officer of the American forces at the port and also by the American Consul, and aided them in placing the survivors in hospitals and hotels. - - The members of the crew were in government em- ploy, wherefore, in order that they might receive with- out delay the pay due them, a week’s wage for all of them was at once advanced by the Red Cross repre- sentative. The Red Cross representative attended immediately to communicating to the families of the survivors in America that they were safe and well, for it had not been possible for any of these men to send such messages home. - In addition to aiding these men, the Red Cross rep- resentative was able to give funds and clothing to a number of Junior Army Officers who were homeward bound on the transport and had been unable to save anything. For those of the Army Officers who could not receive donations, the Red Cross representative cashed personal checks. Some of them were worthy of preservation, as they were written upon whatever pieces of paper were at hand, and are little enough like the formally printed bank checks they represent. There is one from an American officer which should evoke much interest in his bank in the western state on which it was drawn. - Great care was given to visiting the wounded in the hospitals to make sure that they were receiving the best of treatment and attention. Plans have been made to ship to this port a sufficient stock of clothing, shoes, underwear and the like to be stored on convoys for any eventuality. - ~. - Further Provision Made for American Prisoners in Germany Seventy-five tons of food for American prisoners in Germany is to be forwarded to the Red Cross ware- house at Berne, Switzerland, pending its need by American prisoners. The War Council has appro- priated $31,212 for the purchase. The number of American prisoners now in German prison camps con- sists only of about 100 seamen. Twenty-five tons of food for their relief, enough to sustain them for three months, have been sent to Berne up to this time, and this authorized order for seventy-five tons will insure their sustenance for nine months more, or will suffice for a larger number for a shorter period. Soldiers and sailors captured by the Central Powers are not provided by their captors with sufficient food to keep them in good health, nor with sufficient cloth- ing, so these necessities must be provided from home, and in view of this condition, the American Red Cross and the United States Government are preparing to feed all American soldiers and sailors who may be taken prisoners by Germany during the war. A com- plete scheme for sustaining prisoners is being worked out jointly by the War and Navy Departments and the American Red Cross, which will be the agency for reaching American prisoners. Under the proposed plan, each prisoner is to receive, every two weeks, three ten-pound packages, contain- ing rations to keep him in good health for that length of time. It is expected that sufficient food to sustain a considerable number of men for several months will accumulate in Berne before the American troops begin active service. Already the Navy Department has shipped 100 out- fits of clothing for the interned seamen in Germany, and the Quartermaster General’s Department, eighty- five cases of clothing for soldiers and interned civilians. Foodstuffs so far have been purchased by the American Red Cross, but the furnishing of neces. sary rations is to be attended to by the Government as soon as plans for prisoner-relief are perfected. |Under existing arrangements with the German . Government food and clothing for American prisoners are sent in bulk to a neutral country and there re- packed by agents of the American Red Cross in stand- ard containers. In charge of this work at Berne is Ellis L. Dresel, formerly attached to the American Embassy at Berlin, and now of the staff of the Ameri- can Legation at Berne. Red Cross Sends Condensed Milk For Babies of Russia Owing to the great scarcity of . wholesome milk in Russia, the American Red Cross is making a shipment of condensed milk, aggregating three million pounds, for the babies in that country. Reports from the American Red Cross Commission to Russia have stated that nothing could be more heartening to the Russian people at present than pro- viding nourishment for their babies. It is probable that further supplies will be made, to the limit of transportation facilities. In subsequent shipments each can of condensed milk will bear a label in Russian reading: ‘‘From Free America to Free Russia.” The Russian Government has arranged to release cars from war service to carry this milk to distributing Centers as soon as the shipment shall arrive at the boundary of Russia. Additions to Personnel of American Red Cross - The appointment of Louis J. Horowitz, President of the Thompson Starrett Co. of New York, as Di- rector of Foreign Relief, is announced. Mr. Horowitz has volunteered to serve the Red Cross without compensation. He will make his long experience available to the country by acting as a con- necting link between the American Red Cross Com- missions abroad and the organization at home. The office of Comptroller of the American Red Cross has been accepted by Charles G. DuBois, who will take up his duties in Washington immediately, and serve without compensation. Mr. DuBois has been for a number of years Comp- troller of the American Telephone & Telegraph Co., and is recognized as one of the leaders of the country in his particular line of work. The Comptroller will have complete charge of all matters relating to ac- counting and auditing. * William Endicott, banker, of Boston, has been ap- pointed American Red Cross Commissioner for Great Britain, on the recommendation of Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, head of the Red Cross Commission to France. Mr. Endicott has been serving the American Red Cross in France for some time. In requesting Mr. Endicott’s appointment, Major Murphy cabled to Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council: “He has done and is doing magnificent work here, and after conference with many interested persons I am satisfied he is best possible choice.” -hy Franklin W. M. Cutcheon, of the law firm of Byrne, Cutcheon and Taylor, New York City, has been ap- pointed Secretary-General of the Red Cross. He will act as Director of Records and International Interests, and will serve without pay. - Mr. Cutcheon will advise the Red Cross on questions involving international relationship. His Department will have charge of matters pertaining to the relief of American and Allied prisoners of war in the hands of the Central Powers. It will also have custody of the corporate records of the American Red Cross, will be responsible for the protection of the Red Cross emblem from advertising or other unwarranted uses, and will have Supervision of the Bureau of Communi- cation, Divisions of Personnel, Cables, Buildings, etc. Since joining the Red Cross staff Mr. Cutcheon has assisted in organizing the Bureau of Information of Casualties, and has served as Acting Director General of Military Relief and as Counsellor to the War Council. - - H 5. r)V > J’ 4-- *.*.*.* > *. - * * ~ * * • e “e ...' ...' * * * *...*. tº Tºº b. ſº --- * - * *- : * ~ *-* ºr * gº © * * * * * Fº Fºº Fºº ºzºº gº. ſº ºf . • *.*.* - ". . * > *::... •x-º-º:ºx::::::: - ſº-ºº ºf . º - - e e ... " sº - sº ... • * ~ * º • --.... " --> * * * * * ºr ºf 4…º. ºº & * te * @ • ? •. • T G & * º • * º * . . sºº.º.º.º.º. se • * * --. • & • a - * Qº These magazines have given advertising space for the Christmas Drive: * . . American Agriculturist New England Homestead © Boys' Life Normal Instructor Brooklyn Life Northwest Farmstead * * Capper Publications Orange Judd Farmer •, Christian Herald Outlook Collier’s Pierce Farm Weeklies . Dakota Farmer Prairie Farmer Household - Progressive Farmer º Independent Southern Farming John Martin’s Book Southern Ruralist Judge Spur Leslie's Weekly Town and Country : Life Twentieth Century Farmer Literary Digest Wisconsin Agriculturist McClure’s Woman’s World National Geographic Magazine Youth's Companion —and many other farm, class and trade papers and house-organs are cooperating. These chain stores are giving window display space: Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. McCrory Stores Kresge Stores |Union News Stands Kress Stores United Cigar Stores Liggett Drug Stores Woolworth Stores These railroads are advertising the Drive on their dining-car menus: Baltimore & Ohio Lehigh Valley Big Four Missouri Pacific Boston & Albany New York Central Central Railroad of New Jersey Northern Pacific Chesapeake & Ohio Pennsylvania T}elaware & Hudson Pennsylvania Western Lines Erie Philadelphia & Reading Great Northern Wabash The Adams, American and Wells-Fargo Express Companies are displaying Red Cross Membership posters on the sides of all their motors and wagons. The Street Railways Car Advertising Co. and the Hudson Tubes have donated car advertising space in many cities. . All of the Bell Telephone and allied companies of the United States have printed a Red Cross Membership “urge” on their December statements. - - Sincere thanks is due to the thousands of newspapers and national advertisers through- out the country, and to the motion picture interests, which are cooperating so generously. . ... ººm-- - • W. sº . \\º - *~ * - - iº e * * Sº •º - & • º e 6 © d -. - - • •e. sº g" • . . . .” . 2. 4 * * . • * - • e • . <º wº - & & sº. * & - - fº º 4 : →----> . . . . Fºwly ºy • . ** ºf ºt - -- * - Leº-, - - - º *. - * 2. ſº e • sº • & - - | *...* •- , - - zz.” tº - «» - º * e - - º THE RED CROSS 3ULLETIN lief, of Houston, Texas. AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER 24, 1917 No. 34 Annual Meeting of the American Red Cross at the New Willard, Washington, on December 12th, 1917 The annual meeting of the American Red Cross this year was limited to the transaction of formal proce- dure, and Chapter delegations were held down to a very small number because of the extremely crowded condition of Washington, lack of hotel facilities and pressure of transportation on railway lines leading into Washington. Officers for Ensuing Year National officers of the American Red Cross were elected as follows: . .” Woodrow Wilson, president; Robert W. de Forest, vice-president; John Skeleton Williams, treasurer, John W. Davis, counselor; Dr. Stockton Axson, secre- tary. All of these were re-elections with the exception of the secretary. Dr. Axson had been acting secretary for a short time. The old members of the Central and Executive Committees, whose terms expired, were also re-elected. To fill vacancies in the Incorporators caused by death, the following were elected to that body: Hon. Robert Lansing, Secretary of State; Dr. Edwin A. Alderman, President of the University of Virginia; John B. Miller, Los Angeles; Theodore N. Vail, presi- dent of the American Telephone and Telegraph Com- pany, New York, and Jesse H. Jones, Director General of Red Cross Military Re- Red Cross, fifteen or sixteen auditors of the War De- partment going over Red Cross accounts daily. The report of Eliot Wadsworth, acting chairman of the Central Committee of the Red Cross, reviewed the development of the organization through the thir- teen years of its life and its recent reorganization on a War basis for meeting the heavy responsibilities thrust upon it by the entry of the United States into the conflict. - It was pointed out by Mr. Wadsworth that the American Red Cross, under its Congressional Charter, serves two purposes. It is the society designated by Congress and the military and naval authorities to perform the functions of a strictly Red Cross society under the provisions of the Geneva Treaty and The Hague Convention. In addition to the discharge of these duties it has been authorized by Congress to act in all matters of voluntary relief and as a medium of communication between the people of the United States of America and their Army and Navy. Review of Organization's Development The acting chairman's report mentioned the ap- pointment of the War Council by President Wilson on May 10, 1917; decentralization by means of divi- Sion organizations; and the operations of the depart- ments of military and civil- ian relief. For a detailed A resolution was adopted making it clear that the Red Cross does not wish the work of local charities to be interfered with by Red Cross appeals for financial aid in relief work. The text of the resolution is printed on this page. Henry P. Davison, Chair- man of the Red Cross War Council, spoke at length on the work of the American Red Cross in Europe and explained in detail the care- ful manner in which ap- propriations were made for relief work abroad. He said that a most accurate accounting was being made of all contributions to the GRATITUDE OF AMERICAN RED CROSS TO HOME CHARITIES At the annual meeting of the American Red Cross on December 12th, 1917, the following resolution was adopted: * . - The members of the American Red Cross, assembled at their first annual meeting since their country entered the war, express their deep appreciation of the support given to the national society by the local charities of the country. Great hospitals have given up their skilled staffs to national service; organized charity has contributed its most experienced and efficient leaders. The regular supporters of local charaities have been among the largest contributors to the Red Cross War Fund. The resources of our home charities must not be thereby diminished. It is more essential now than ever before to maintain them to their full efficiency. We know that this means larger giving both of ser- yice and money. But we are confident that the Amer- ican people are ready to make the greater sacrifice. Red Cross needs abroad must be supplied but not by withdrawing support from the needs of charity at home. account of the general war activities of the Red Cross, reference was made to the recently published report of the War Council, of work prior to November 1, 1917, which was filed as part of this report. The Headquarters build- ing, given by the United States Government and five individuals, was occupied late in January, 1917, just at the time when diplo- matic relations were broken and the work of the Society began its tremendous in- crease. Further expansion required the construction of a temporary annex, con- taining 18,000 square feet of floor space. It cost approximately $52,000, which was borne by two members of the Red Cross. Membership on December 1st The membership report showed that on December 1, 1916, there were 286,400 members and 250 Chapters. On November 1, 1917, there were 6,385,000 members and 3,287 Chapters. A Christmas drive to increase the membership materially has been planned. The following statement was made of Chapters and mem- bers in each division, not including Red Cross mem- bers in territories and foreign countries: Number Number Division. of - of Chapters. Members. Atlantic . . . . . . . . 221 1,011,000 Central . . . . . . . . . 555 2,000,000 Gulf . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 86,000 Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 834,000 Mountain . . . . . . . . 133 70,000 New England. . . . . 58 480,000 Northern . . . . . . . . 249 212,000 Northwestern ... . . . 87 155,000 Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . 155 273,000 Pennsylvania ... ... 104 502,000 Potomac . . . . . . . . . 135 156,000 Southern ... . . . . . . . 425 171,000 Southwestern . . . . . 584 435,000 Totals. . . . . . . 3,287 6,385,000 Mr. Wadsworth said that by an act of Congress passed at the last session, the end of the fiscal year of the American Red Cross was changed to June 30. The report of John Skelton Williams, Treasurer, which was filed at the meeting, therefore covered only the period of seven months ending June 30, 1917. The War Fund, which was subscribed during the week of June 17 to 25, was not reflected to any mate- rial extent in the statement submitted by the Treas- urer. Practically none of this War Fund was col- lected until after July 1. Department of Civilian Relief W. Frank Persons, director-general of the Depart- ment of Civilian Relief, reported that the appoint- ment of Division Directors of Civilian Relief in all divisions had been completed, as follows: Alexander M. Wilson, Atlantic Division; Mrs. W. H. Lothrop, New England Division; J. Byron Deacon, Pennsyl- vania Division; J. W. Magruder, Potomac Division; Joseph C. Logan, Southern Division; Emmet W. White, Gulf Division; James L. Fieser, Lake Divi- sion; T. J. Edmonds, Central Division; F. J. Bruno, Northern Division; Alfred Fairbank, Southwestern Division; Miss Gertrude Vale, Mountain Division; Charles J. O’Connor, Pacific Division; F. P. Foisie, Northwestern Division. To provide for training Home Service workers on a nation-wide scale, twenty-five Red Cross Institutes of Home Service have been organized, with the co- operation of leading schools of philanthropy and uni- versities. They give an intensive course of six weeks. The institutes were organized by Dr. Thomas J. Riley, General Secretary of the Brooklyn Bureau of Chari- ties, and Porter R. Lee, of the New York School of Philanthropy. The enrollment exceeds 300, and some institutes have waiting lists for their next sessions. The year of 1917 has had a remarkable number of disasters in which the Red Cross has been called upon to administer relief, said Mr. Persons, with the Hali- fax disaster on December 6 as a culmination. The Directors General of Military and Civilion Relief of the American Red Cross co-operated in rushing Sup- plies to Halifax from the Red Cross warehouses in New York and Boston and other available points in the East. An Emergency Committee was appointed, headed by John F. Moors, of Boston, to direct all Red Cross work and control all Red Cross supplies sent to Halifax. About 200 doctors, nurses and so- cial workers were put promptly on the scene, and hospital supplies, surgical dressings, clothing, food- stuffs and building materials and workmen were rushed by rail and boat. Public officials and various organizations helped the Red Cross to furnish what was needed in the shortest possible time. The work of the department in administering tor- nado and fire relief during the year was reviewed by the Director-General, likewise that in connection with the San Salvador earthquake and the China floods. The share of the Red Cross in the promotion of the Red Cross Seals for anti-tuberculosis work was dealt with in the report. Other Reports at the Meeting The report of the Director of the Bureau of Camp Service showed that by October 31, 1917, the Red Cross was established in practically all the sixteen national Army camps, the sixteen National Guard camps, the five more important Naval districts on the Atlantic seaboard, the two ports of embarkation and the several army posts. In most of the Army camps and Naval districts headquarters houses and ware- houses had been provided, generally at the expense of the Federal Government. - The province of the Bureau of Camp Service is to give emergency aid, to relieve suffering and discom- fort and to provide certain comforts not undertaken by the Government. Following is a brief outline of some of the supplies which the bureau has issued at the request of military or naval officers: Sweaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,049 Helmets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,632 Mufflers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.881 Wristlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,020 Socks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,026 Comfort kits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,627 Pajamas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,316 Goggles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000 Blankets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,080 Bandages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009 The report of the Medical Advisory Committee, which has existed since June 20, showed the follow- ing conspicuous activities: . . Furnishing bacteriologists to aid in detecting men- ingitis carriers at naval camps; establishing the Bu- reau of Sanitary Service, co-operating with Federal authorities in sanitation about camps; establishing four mobile laboratories; selecting medical personnel for commissions abroad; co-operating with the Rocke- feller Tuberculosis Commission for tuberculosis work in France; establishing new standards for enrolling nurses; investigating problems of third Zone hospitals; inauguration of Infant Welfare Work in France; ad- vising all Red Cross departments concerning medi- cine, sanitation and procuring medical supplies. The report of the Bureau of Medical Service of Foreign Commissions, created August 22, 1917, re- viewed its work in selecting and furnishing medical personnel for foreign commissions and passing upon requisitions for medical, surgical, and nursing units and supplies from these commissions. This bureau has taken over a share of the work formerly handled by the Medical Advisory Committee. Red Cross Sends Permanent Relief Expedition to Italy Robert P. Perkins, of New York, who recently was appointed Red Cross Commissioner to Italy by the War Council, has completed the organization of the permanent Italian Relief Expedition. The Commis- sion, with the following personnel of deputies, is now on its way to Italy: Chester H. Aldrich, New York City; James Byrne, New York City, legal advisor; Dr. Joseph Collins, New York City, medical director; Ernesto Fabbri, New York City; Samuel L. Fuller, New York City, financial director; Guy Lowell, New York City; Thomas L. Robinson, Youngstown, Ohio, supplies; Prof. D. L. Witmer, Philadelphia; Rev. Sigourney W. Fay, Wynnwood, Pa. Included in the general organization personnel are Louis A. Davis, Land Title and Trust Co., Philadel- phia, office manager and general secretary; William E. Hereford, New York City; Julius Roth, New York City, transportation; and Edgar I. Williams, New York City, secretary. Mr. Perkins, who heads the Italian Commission, is president of the Bigelow-Hartford Carpet Co., of Connecticut. Mr. Byrne is name. Mr. Robinson is a business man and banker. Rev. Dr. Fay, a priest of the Catholic Church, was formerly the head of Newman School at Hackensack. The Commission will take over the preliminary re- lief work in Italy which has been under the direction of Major Murphy, Red Cross Commissioner for Eu- rope. The War Council has just appropriated an additional $250,000 to meet Italian relief emergencies pending the arrival of the permanent Commission at its destination. Previously, a total of one million dollars had been appropriated following the crisis brought about by the Teutonic successes in Italy, which involved the destruction of a large number of military hospitals. Major Murphy cabled to the Chairman of the War Council that it had been necessary to place contracts which would use up practically all the money at his disposal. He requested the additional quarter of a million dollar appropriation as a proper safeguard. The American Red Cross at Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, held a benefit concert on July 4, and a check for the proceeds, $134.74, has reached the Red Cross treasury through the Consul-General. Early Christmas Campaign Returns Indicate More than Ten Million Reports from the various Division offices early in the campaign gave indication that the close of the Christmas drive for ten million new Red Cross mem- bers will be more than realized by Christmas eve. Some of the Division figures showed their territories to be well on the way to the goal on the first day of the campaign; other reports, of relatively small enroll- ments, included only scattering Chapters, the Division organization for tabulating returns not having been perfected at the start of the campaign. Some of the Division headquarters reported on Mon- day night, December 17th, a member of the law firm of Byrne, Cutcheon & Tay- lor. Professor Witmer is a psychologist and director of the psychological labo- ratory and clinic of the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Lowell is an architect of New York City and Boston, Mass. He was the architect of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Mr. Aldrich is a member of the firm of Delano & Ald- rich, architects, of New York. Doctor Collins is a neurologist and author of several books on the nerv- ous system. Mr. Fuller is a member of the firm of Kissel, Kinnicutt & Co., bankers, and Mr. Fabbri is a member of a well-known family of bankers of that CHRISTMAS MESSAGE FROM AMERICAN RED CROSS IN FRANCE In a cablegram from Paris the American Red Cross Commission in France sent this Christmas message of inspiration for the Membership Drive: As the fourth Christmas of war approaches, with our men in the trenches, the need of Europe and the necessity for the work of the American Red Cross is greater than ever. Thousands of French and Allied soldiers are suffering in the trenches, their wives and little children in need of help and comfort. Thousands of French, Belgian and Italian families, driven from their homes, are living in strange places, often sick, hungry; little children, orphans, lonely among strangers. The Red Cross is striving to give the soldiers cheer and comfort through hospitals for the sick and can- teens for the well, and by playing Santa Claus to thou- Sands by giving Christmas bags; to help the women and children through refuges, nursing and care. There is need of sympathy and cheering as well as clothes and food to keep up courage while fighting in the trenches or suffering behind the lines. The power of the Red Cross to help is limited only by what is given to it by the people at home. They can make this a real Christmas for thousands of sad, discouraged people by their sympathy and help. after the first day of the drive, that indications pointed to Christmas mem- berships largely in excess of their quotas. On that evening, Seattle, where headquarters for the North- western Division is located, reported that in that city alone the enrollment was practically the one - day quota of the entire Division. Early in the campaign it became apparent that the Divisions were striving not merely to reach the quotas set for them, but to see how far they could push their enrollments, above the al- lotted quotas, by Christmas eve, when the campaign closes with the illumination of Red Cross service flags in Red Cross homes. Red Cross Director for Belgium Has Appointment from King Albert Ernest P. Bicknell, Red Cross Director of the De- partment for Belgium, has been appointed by King Albert of Belgium to membership in the Council for the Administration of the King Albert Fund. The found was created to prepare for beginning recon- struction of destroyed Belgian towns and villages. It is intended to construct a large number of portable houses, to be rushed into Belgium and quickly set up when Belgian territory occupied by the Germans is liberated. - - - - Work is progressing rapidly on the Red Cross ware- houses under construction in Belgium. The Belgian Minister of War has detailed soldiers for the labor of construction. The cooperation of the Belgian military and civil authorities with the Red Cross Department for Belgium is most generous and satisfactory, Paris headquarters reports. How Department of Foreign Relief Is Organized and Operated The Department of Foreign Relief has been created to supply the wants for both military and civilian re- lief in the following countries, for which Commissions have been appointed: France, Belgium, Russia, Rou- mania, Serbia, England and Italy. The duties of this Department consist of the con- sidering of requests made by the foreign Commissions, obtaining the advice and recommendations of the Medical Advisory Committee, securing of estimates from the American Red Cross cooperating Bureaus (including the Bureaus of Donations and Personnel) of the cost or value (transportation to point of em- barkation included) of the supplies or personnel re- quested, making recommendations to the War Coun- cil on the requests received, securing appropriations from the War Fund for supplies to be commercially bought and sent, and thereafter cooperating and Su- pervising the work of the Bureau of Chapter Supplies (in connection with goods manufactured by Chap- ters), Bureau of Purchases, and Bureau of Transpor- tation in the manufacture, assembling and shipment of goods. The requirements for relief abroad are very exten- sive and varied. Broadly speaking, the problem con- sists of collecting, at widely separated points, goods required, and delivering these to destination with the least possible delay. In practice, the factors con- trolling proper results are the same as those confront- ing any large business, handling a volume of, say, $100,000,000 per annum, consisting of pretty much everything needed for the nourishing and clothing of the body of the healthy man, and treating the ills o the sick and wounded. - The present abnormal burden imposed upon the productive facilities of the country and upon railroad and water transportation, naturally adds to the diffi- culties in promptly obtaining necessary supplies, and thereafter their transportation, and the Department of Foreign Relief is organized to develop any falling behind in either date of delivery from vendor or transportation by shipper, upon the theory that a preliminary step to curing any delay is the prompt knowledge of such a delay. - - Below is given the organization chart of the De- partment of Foreign Relief. war council . . . e. * ! 2 - 3||3} | { | DisłgroR - | # #| | || § Assºr ŠºšecroR, jºi" || || 1.3 § . • Q|| 3 : #y ës ºf . Q S}} | {: $2 * " ; ; C. : C) {- º ſº- {\) K) §) i. O (ſ) Š (ſ)} | . | Assl to Ot rector, . 4. Chief - Clerk. Estimates Mail & Cables Authority to Purchase Distributed. •Appropriations. $ 5 3 & - 7 Cabic ^{-iistor ltern Filing. Stenog |ºlºgºlete Record. §.’ Sheet. 8 rapherå ; jº. * Covered by & * insurance. š. Shipping counºergney Progress heet. Record . Bureauof License Report. - Monthly Reports, . hºmºsº Mr. L. J. Horowitz, President of the Thompson- Sterrett Company, is Director of the Department, Mr. George W. Hill, Vice-President of the American Tobacco Company, is Assistant Director, and Mr. H. S. Meeds, Jr., is one of the assistants to the Director. The three men above named are serving the Red Cross without compensation, as are also seven employees in the Department, so that, out of an organization num- bering fifteen, only five employees are on the salary list of the American Red Cross. Red Cross Notes from Paris Owing to the shortage of shipping tonnage, an effort is being made among Americans in France to secure books, periodicals and recent American newspapers, to help fill the great demand for reading matter in United States Army Hospitals. - A property in the Seine Department which, before the war, was planned for a garden city, has been offered to the tuberculosis bureau for the duration of the war. It includes three large buildings with gas, electricity and water installed, and over 110 acres of land. It will open before the end of the year with 80 beds, with a possible increased capacity of 200 or 300. JAN11 1918 *Niv. of ºl Tisº" - THE RED CROSSBULLETIN - AMERICAN RED CROSS º tº º sº WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. FI JANUARY 1, 1918 No. 1 Red Cross Christmas Drive Goes Over the Top With a Total - Membership of 20,000,000 At the time the BULLETIN was sent to press, there was every indication that the net membership of the American Red Cross, when the returns were received, would approximate 20,000,000. This result justifies the prediction made by Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, in many of his public addresses before returns began to come in. . It is impossible in this issue of the Bulletin to give the final detail returns. Bad weather, poor telegraph and telephone communication, and other causes held returns back to a great extent. The best estimates by divisions obtainable are as follows: MEMBERSHIP NEw DIVISION NOVEMBER 1 QUOTA MEMBERS Atlantic . . . . . . . 1,011,000 2,015,000 2,390,000 Central . . . . . . ... 2,000,000 1,189,000 2,750,000 Gulf . . . . . . . . . . 86,000 204,000 375,000 Lake . . . . . . . . . 834,000 1,063,000 2,200,000 Mountain . . . . . 70,000 181,000 181,000 New England . . 480,000 964,000 1,200,000 Northern . . . . . . 212,000 388,000 388,000 Northwestern ... 155,000 361,000 559,535 Pacific . . . . . . . . 273,000 467,000 500,000 Pennsylvania .. 502,000 1,192,000 1,450,000 Potomac . . . . . . 156,000 356,000 250,000 Southern . . . . . . . 171,000 438,000 250,000 Southwestern . . 435,000 1,162,000 3,250,000 Total . . . . . 6,385,000 10,000,000 15,703,535 It is not improbable that the figures given above may be materially changed when the final count is made. In this total of approximately 15,000,000 new members there are included a small proportion of re- newals; but estimating these at a million and a half, the net membership would still remain at about 20,- 000,000. In most cases the above figures are conservative estimates and must not be taken as final. The Atlantic Division returns probably will show that that division considerably exceeded its quota on new members. Managers of the Central Division estimate a member- ship of four millions. Michigan is driving for a million, Wisconsin reports 435,000, Iowa is working for a million, Nebraska has more than 300,000, and Illinois outside of Chicago is estimating conservatively at 700,000. The campaign in Chicago is still under way. - - - The Gulf Division is practically complete; it ex- ceeded its quota 171,000. The Lake Division, which closed its campaign Christmas Eve, rolled up a total of 2,500,000, of which 2,200,000 were new members. Returns from the Mount” oivision are not definite but the division is fully expected at least to reach its quota. The figures in the New England division will not be materially changed from the total given in the table. - • , - In the Northern Division, North Dakota enrolled 80,207 Christmas members as against a quota of 62,- 000; and South Dakota with a quota of 50,000 reported 73,503. Returns from Montana and Minnesota had not been received by press time but there is prac- tically no doubt the Northern Division will come up to its quota. - The Northwestern Division suffered probably more severely from bad weather than any other in the country. Oregon, with a quota of 112,000, enrolled 189,535; Idaho, with a quota of 37,000, enrolled 75,000; and Washington, with a quota of 212,000, en- rolled 275,000. Alaska enrolled 20,000 new members or sixty per cent of her total white population. - Returns from the Pacific Division have been re- ceived only in general terms, indicating that the en- rollment would reach 500,000. The Pennsylvania Di- vision had reported 1,450,000 but this figure will probably be considerably exceeded. Returns from the Potomac Division were much delayed as were also definite returns from the Southern Division and the figures given in the above table are estimates on actual returns received. - The Southwestern Division reported that after a canvass of every county in the division the total mem- bership would reach 3,600,000, with 3,250,000 new members. - While the total formed by the adding of the mem- bership as of November 1st to the number of members enrolled in the Christmas drive would indicate an aggregate membership of about 22,000,000, it is prob- able that in the ultimate analysis it will be found that enough old members have been counted in the estimate of 15,703,535 to bring the actual total down to some- thing over 20,000,000. - - Belcourt, N. D., has a Chapter with sixty-one mem. - bers, all Indians. Christmas Celebration in Rome in Honor of the Red Cross Rome, Dec. 28.—A unique celebration was held here on Christmas Day, commemorating a new record of American enterprise in relief work, when the National Surgical Dressings Branch of the American Red Cross turned over to the Italian authorities one million surgi- cal dressings, which had been completed in four weeks, a record unequaled by the women of any of the war- ring countries. Director Willard, of the Surgical Dressings Committee, when he received the order from Major Murphy, American Red Cross Commissioner to Europe, for a million dressings in a short time, pressed into service more than a hundred Italian women. These women, dressed in the National colors, held a festa in the presence of Colonel Perkins, American Red Cross Commissioner to Italy, Major Taylor of the Aſſºerican Red Cross Commission to France and others. They sang songs improvised for the occasion, descriptive of the close friendship now existing be- tween America and Italy. The Italians, in a transport of enthusiasm over the visible evidence of American sympathy and support, cheered the visiting Americans, and with tears in their eyes expressed their appreciation of the efforts made by the American Red Cross to relieve suffering among the military and civilian population of Italy. Roumania's Christmas Message The following cable came as a Christmas message to America from war-ravaged Roumania, struggling under the German yoke, and as a tribute to the spirit and service of the American Red Cross: “As America celebrates again the birthday of the Prince of Love and Peace, for the millions of Europe it is a period of sadness and despair. Roumania is stricken as few countries have been in history. Men who have given their all to their country are suffering in hospitals for want of medicine and nourishment. Thousands of children and aged women are homeless, or, if left their homes, are naked and starving. Before them is a relentless enemy; behind them anarchy. They hold their hands out to America in piteous appear for help in the long struggle against cold, hunger and disease. - “The spirit of the Red Cross is the spirit of Christ- mas; to answer this appeal in the name of America is its chosen task. Any American who believes in the true meaning of Christmas will join the Red Cross now and support its work.” O. K. Davis Volunteers to Direct Foreign Division Publicity O. K. Davis, the well-known newspaper correspon- dent and author, has been appointed Director of Pub- licity for the Territorial, Insular, and Foreign Divi- SłOH. - Mr. Davis’ long experience in the Far East, where he represented New York and Philadelphia journals for years, has made him many friends in the Philip- pines, China, and Japan, who will be gratified to know that he is now to represent the Publicity Bureau of their Red Cross Division. His services as a volunteer in the Red Cross will be performed without surrender- ing his position as secretary of the National Foreign Trade Council of the United States at New York City. Side Lights on Membership Drive from Reports of Campaign Managers In St. Marys, Kans., no one will be allowed on the streets tomorrow who hasn’t a Red Cross button or badge. In Bentonville, Ark., every house in the town, with- out exception, has a Red Cross service flag in the window. Topeka, Kans., claims the youngest Red Cross mem- ber—age four hours. The Southwestern Division reported three families with ten members each. Telegram from Southwestern Division reads: “But- tons continue to be the most valuable things in the Southwest. Today a child took one from our stock thinking it was a piece of Christmas candy and swal- lowed it. Shall we file suit for damages against its parents?” Rheinbeck, Iowa., with a population of 1,257, was the first town to report a hundred per cent member- ship—every man, woman and child had joined. Severe storms in Portland, Ore., swept away all decorations and street booths. McCarty, Alaska, Chapter organized on Tuesday, Campaign Manager appointed Wednesday, Thursday reported one hundred per cent Red Cross membership. The State Penitentiary of Oklahoma was canvassed, over five per cent of the inmates joining the Red Cross. Batavia High School, Ohio, claims that it is the foremost all-American high school in the Nation, having enrolled under the Red Cross flag every pupil and teacher. Over fifty per cent of the population of Lyondville, Washington, were enrolled by December 20. Nine Alabama Chapters doubled their alloted qucºa and two exceeded their quota by eight times before December 20. The Pennsylvania Division reported well over 300,- 000, with only 49 Chapters reporting. Augusta, Maine, enrolled 5,500 in two days. The historic Knox College, Washington, D. C., was the first college in its division to report one hundred per cent membership, every student and employee be- ing enrolled. . Judge W. O. Mitchel, of the Municipal Court of Oklahoma City, announced that during Red Cross Week he would fine all offenders an extra dollar to become members of the Red Cross. Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt has been appointed to the staff of Henry D. Gibson, General Manager at Na- tional Headquarters. Miss Hoyt has recently re- turned from a trip abroad, where she has worked with the American Red Cross Commission to France in observing Red Cross work there. Chairman of Canadian Medical Relief Committee Officially Thanks Red Cross for Relief at Halifax The following letter was written from Lt.-Col. F. McKelvey Bell, Chairman of the Medical Relief Com- mittee at Halifaac, to Mr. John F. Moors, Director of the American Red Cross relief work at Halifaac, eac- pressing the appreciation of the Canadian people for the magnificent service rendered there under the Red Cross banner: Dear Mr. Moors: The Medical Relief Committee learns with consider- able regret that you are about to leave us. I need scarcely mention how very much we have appreciated the extreme kindness which has been shown to the citizens of Halifax by your organization and how much we have appreciated the kindly manner in which you have treated everyone concerned. Upon your return to the United States, will you be kind enough to publicly thank the American Red Cross, as well as the citizens of the United States generally for all they have done for us. It is impossible to express in mere words the gratitude which we feel toward your association and to the American public generally. The help which we have received in the way of sup- plies and donations and the assistance which your social workers, surgeons, nurses, etc., have given us is inestimable and the kindly and generous manner in which everything has been done has left an indelible impression upon the minds of all concerned. Your visit here has been one of international importance and the spontaneous and generous response from our friends and Allies in the United States has helped to cement even more firmly the friendly feeling between the two nations. Sincerely and Gratefully, F. McKELVEY BELL. Notes from the Paris Office in France During a recent review of troops near the Front, the French general in charge of the ceremonies re- quested an introduction to the American Red Cross convoyer of the Bureau of Canteens, and compli- mented him on his work in serving the troops with hot beverages. An American Red Cross canteen recently served 265 meals in two hours and a half, an average of one meal every thirty-four seconds. At another, coffee was served for several hours at the rate of one cup every ten seconds. The canteen workers are reported to be enthusiastic and in good health. The wide variety of relief supplies that are required is shown by some of the items recently transferred from the Paris central warehouses to regional ware- houses, for distribution in devastated territory. There was included: 2,000 square meters of roofing paper; three carloads of beds and bedding; 500 kitchen chairs, Soap, candles, rat and mouse traps, window glasses, sewing material, wheelbarrows, saws, sweaters, kettles, mittens, mufflers, prunes, condensed milk, tapioca and macaroni. - - A Quarter of a Million for Serbia * A great constructive work of the American Red Cross, to make 40,000 Serbians in the neighborhood of Monastir self-supporting, and at the same time to reduce shipping of food by making the country pro- ductive, is the object of an appropriation of $244,438 by the Red Cross War Council. The money is to be used for the reclamation of 21,000 acres of land in that region. This acreage is to be cultivated with modern machinery, under the direction of American farm experts. Monastir is in the extreme south of Serbia, on the Grecian border. Forty thousand villages in that region are now depending on charity. The enemy has stripped the country of all tools, machinery, foodstuffs, horses, and most of the oxen. Cordenio Arnold Sever- ance, Red Cross Commissioner to Serbia, rcº...l., 11ade a tour of inspection there with Father Francis Jaeger, of the University of Minnesota. Mr. Severance urged this constructive undertaking in a cabled report to the War Council. Statistics were furnished by the Serbian agricul- tural authorities, and were carefully scaled down to a minimum. Father Jaeger and other experts closely examined the district. ‘‘Machinery and seed must come from America,’’ Mr. Severance cabled. “We find it impossible to im- port from Italy. Great savings in tonnage would be effected if seed and machinery were sent instead of food. English and French earnestly indorse plan.” An acreage of 10,000 in oats, 9,000 in corn, and smaller areas in barley, rye, potatoes, mangels, onions, lentils, tomatoes, cabbage and beans with pumpkins in the corn fields, was suggested in the cable. Included in the agricultural equipment recommended were twenty-five tractors of sixteen horse power, which will be added to the twenty tractors which the Serbians now have. Other items in the machinery list include ten combined flour and feed mills, suitable for opera- tion by the tractors; two complete equipments for blacksmiths, ten for tailors, ten for shoemakers; a com- plete workshop for repairing machinery; and a wide assortment of farm tools. - Dean Woods of the Maryland Ágriculturali College has consented to pass judgment on all Red Cross ship- ments for this purpose. The Monastir project is con- sidered highly important, as it will not only furnish employment and independence to thousands of civilian victims who are now idle and in want, but it will also help to reduce pressure on tonnage by enabling the people in that region to produce foodstuffs. Wish Peace Only With Victory The spirit of the women of France is reflected in the following letter received from a French woman: “I thank you very much for relieving our distress, but we French women assure you that we wish peace only with complete victory, which your dear soldiers are coming to aid us to gain. We have faith in the triumph of right and of justice over this monstrous cause of so much mourning in the universe.” How American Red Cross Helped - Give Christmas Cheer in France American and French soldiers in hospitals and in the trenches in France, and thousands of children in the war zone, received the aid of the American Red Cross in celebrating Christmas. - The American Red Cross provided for a Christmas party and entertainment in every American base hos- pital, and a Christmas tree in every ward where there were sick and wounded American soldiers and sailors. Every American soldier had a Christmas bag contain- ing tobacco, cigarettes, soap, shoe strings, wash cloth, towel, tooth brush and large handkerchief filled with candy. Christmas trees were arranged for at some of the training camps. One hundred thousand socks contain- ing gifts were given to the French soldiers in trenches, and filty thousand Christmas bags were distributed among the wounded. In two towns the American Red Cross hospitals arranged Christmas parties for the children. The first real old-fashioned, before-the-war kind of Christmas since 1913 was prepared for children of French refu- gees, cripples and tuberculosis soldiers by the Ameri- can Red Cross. After three Christmas-less years, the children of the devastated region had almost forgotten to put out wooden shoes, which the French place where American children hang stockings. The American Red Cross sent books, toys, bunnies, dogs and balloons for thirteen hundred children near Ham, Nesle, and Noyon. It provided for the distribution of toys sent by an American newspaper, to six thousand children, and sent thirty-six boxes of toys and clothing to two thousand refugee children south of Verdun. Extensive preparations were made to bring Christ- mas cheer to children in many other districts, and to give useful presents to refugees and sick in different hospitals throughout France. Christmas fetes were held in fifteen tuberculosis hospitals, at one of which the soldiers will act a play of their own construction in honor of the American Red Cross. Games, cigar- ettes and comforts have been sent to twelve schools where war cripples are being trained for new trades. The Society of Friends distributed three-quarters of a ton of American Christmas candy to children in twenty villages where the Quaker groups gave Christ- mas tree parties. - - - Contents Of February Issue of Red Cross Magazine - The February issue of the Red Cross Magazine will contain the following articles, and pictures: full color; “The Old Faith and the New Tradition,” by James Lane Allen; and “Helping the Horses,” a story of the work of the Blue Cross, by Charles W., Forward. - It will also contain, “The Holy War,” a poem by Rudyard Kipling; “Harbingers of Cheer,” by Grace Heron; two photographs, “For the Relief of Halifax,” and “Battling with the Needles”; “Loyalty,” by George Maddlin Martin; “LaFayette, We Are Here,” an article by the War Council; “Over There,” a poem by Bertha Bolling; “That Question of Standardiza- tion,” by Francis R. Bellamy; “Saving for Victory,” by John K. Barnes; “Way Down North on Cape Breton,” by William Archer Frost; and an announce- ment, ‘‘About Your Magazine.” Status of Sphagnum Moss Mr. S. M. Greer, Director of the Bureau of De- velopments, has requested all Division Managers to send the following letter, giving the exact status of Sphagnum Moss, to their Chapters: - “In the war manual Surgical Dressings ARC 401 are described several dressings containing SPHAGNUM MOSS. Considerable difficulty has been encountered in securing any quantity of moss of the kind which is satisfactory for use in surgical dressings. Most of the Sphagnum Moss which can be purchased commer- cially is not only quite useless from the surgical stand- point, but is positively harmful. - & “The proper kind of Sphagnum Moss is found, so far as we know, on this continent in but a few places, and the method of gathering and preparing it has not yet been systematized. We are undertaking a thorough investigation of the matter to see whether a dependable volume of the proper moss can be counted upon for our Chapters. - “In the meantime, workrooms are requested to dis- continue the attempt to make dressings containing Sphagnum Moss, these dressings being Nos. 2 and 3 in ARC 401. The Chapters will later be advised of the results of our investigation.” Red Cross Supplies Needy in France - Grants of supplies were made within one fortnight recently by the American Red Cross Commission to France, to thirty-eight organizations doing charitable work in various parts of France. The Red Cross sup- ply warehouse system, organized over a wide territory, makes possible prompt assistance of this nature. The grants included furniture, medical supplies, medical and surgical equipment, food, beds and bed- ding, clothing of all sorts, rubber coats, coal, lamps, “On Guard,” a cover design by Clifford Carleton; “A Vision of the Battlefield,” a frontispiece, by Wal- lace Morgan; “Lessons of the War,” an editorial by Woodrow Wilson; “Fighting the Floods,” by Edgar Pierce Allen; “The Heroines of Free Russia,” by Leo Pasvolsky; “The Story of the Bandage,” a picture serial in full color; “A Dash to Rouen,” by Edward Eyre Hunt; “Sally Lou Wakes Up,” the opening of a serial by Kathleen Norris; “The Martyr Cities,” in equipment for reeducating the blind, laboratory sup- plies, soap, etc. Thirteen of these organizations dealt with refugees. Others included hospitals and children's institutions. An organization which aids the children of soldiers widows and prisoners' wives to remain on farms with their mothers was given a monthly grant of 1,000 francs. * S. mowing machines, gasoline engines, school furniture, JAN18 1918 §§ly unº § tº rºº ...? - A. f §§ § 3. º SA { º § an º {* º º § º & S. sº Ş. § { º º º º : º º º --- - º: a :*. * - w ~ AMERICAN RED CROSS . OF MiGH- gºaſty º: ºf . º 3- º º: P. **, º * , º º, tº 3 §: ºf . º tº - WASHINGTON, D. C. Wol. II JANUARY 7, 1918 Chairman Davison Congratulates the Divisions on Christmas Drive December 31, 1917–Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, today sent the following New Year’s message to the Red , Cross Division Managers throughout the country, con- gratulating them on the tremendous success of the Christmas membership drive: “In congratulating you on all your efforts for the Red Cross and in extending my personal wishes for a happy New Year may I request that the following message be considered as sent to you personally and officially, and through you to all the Chapters and members of the Red Cross in your territory. Please also give this message to the press and such other pub- licity as you may consider worth while: ‘The latest reports available indicate that the Christmas drive for ten million new members for the American Red Cross has resulted in the addition of fully sixteen mil- lion names to its rolls. This number added to the more than six million members before the Christmas campaign makes the total present enrollment fully twenty-two million. This is a magnificent fact—an expression not alone of the patriotism but of the fine sympathy and idealism of the whole American people. ‘‘ ‘The Red Cross War Council congratulates and welcomes every new member of the American Red Cross, likewise it congratulates the officers and old members of the organization who have given unstint- edly of their time and effort to make the membership campaign a success. r ‘‘ ‘But the wonderful achievement of enrolling one- fifth of the entire population of the United States as members of the American Red Cross is less a triumph than it is a call to greater service. The Red Cross is not merely a humanitarian organization separate and distinct from others, but it is the mobilized heart and spirit of the whole American people. The American Red Cross is carrying a message of love and sympathy to American soldiers and sailors and to the troops and civilian population of our Allies in all parts of the world. It is seeking to shorten the war and it is seek- ing to lay a foundation for a more enduring peace when the war is over. As we stand on the threshold of a new year in this hour of the world’s tragedy there can be but one thought in the minds of the twenty- two million members of the American Red Cross, and that is to serve and sacrifice as never before.’ ” The American Red Cross has appropriated $22,000 to buy supplementary rations and comforts for Amer- ican prisoners of war in Germany. Red Cross Brings Aid to Guatemala January 3, 1918.-A ship of the United Fruit Com- pany, sailing from New Orleans tomorrow morning, will carry a load of Red Cross food supplies and other articles to meet relief needs at Guatemala City. |Mr. A. W. Preston, President of the United Fruit Company, advised the National Headquarters of the American Red Cross, as soon as the extent of the earthquake in Guatemala was known, that one of their ships would carry a cargo of relief supplies free of transportation cost. On December 27 the acting chairman of the Amer- ican Red Cross sent a cablegram to Mr. Alfred Clark, President of the Red Cross chapter at Guatemala . asking for details on the earthquake and advice as to help which could be extended. Mr. Clark replied the following day, and asked for portable wooden houses and tents, clothing, flour, potatoes, crackers, galvan- ized iron and disinfectants. An order was immedi- ately issued for the purchase in New Orleans of Sup- plies of the kinds mentioned. On December 28th the Secretary of State was asked to send a cablegram to the American Minister in Guatemala offering the assistance of the American Red Cross, and requesting detailed information as to the extent and nature of the needs there. The Amer- ican Minister also was authorized to draw on the American Red Cross for $5,000 for immediate re- quirements. g A request was received on December 31 through the Rockefeller Foundation, for typhoid, paratyphoid and smallpox vaccine for preventative measures. After consultation with Dr. Clark, of the Red Cross Bureau of Sanitary Service, who in turn consulted with the Surgeon General of the Public Health Ser- vice, it was decided to send ten thousand units of each of the vaccines. These were immediately pur- chased in Philadelphia and expressed to New Orleans for shipment with the other supplies purchased by the Red Cross. , * * - - In its cablegram of December 28 to the American Minister in Guatemala, the Red Cross authorities in Washington requested the organization of an Amer- lican Red Cross Committee, representing the Guate- mala Red Cross Chapter, and such others as in the Minister’s judgment were competent to advise and assist in the reſef work. . . . . . . - As soon as the disaster was known in Washington acting chairman Eliot Wadsworth of the Red Cross cabled the President of Guatemala as follows: “American Red Cross tenders profound sympathy 2 to earthquake sufferers and is ready and anxious to render assistance.’’ The following cablegram from M. Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala, was received at the National Red Cross Headquarters under date of December 31: “A thousand thanks for the aid of your humani- tarian institution.’’ Awards for First Aid Work The following awards for First Aid work during the calendar year of 1917 have been announced by the American Red Cross: Life Saving Prizes: First Prize of $50.00, to William J. McIntosh, 1315 Avenue B, Galveston, Texas, a member of the Gal- veston, Texas, Red Cross Life Saving Corps, who res- cued three men from drowning at the risk of his own life; one, an English sailor off the S. S. Eaton Hall, the second a son of Mr. Victor Frederickson, and the third Mr. Dick Cole, Chief Engineer of the tug Kelly of Galveston, Texas. Second Prize of $25.00 awarded to Don Green- wood, a boy, of Los Angeles, California, who rescued two girls in the surf at Santa Monica in March, 1917. Honorable mention is also made of Morris Duffield, 8th and California Streets, Santa Monica, who as- sisted Greenwood in the rescue. Third Prize of $15.00 awarded to Samuel R. Tink- ler, 1800 North Mount Street, Baltimore, Md., who, on August 9, 1917, rescued a girl from drowning in an upturned canoe at Colonial Beach, Va. Fourth Prize of $10.00 to Earl B. Koch, of the Physical Department of Austin High School, Lotus and Fulton Avenues, Chicago, Ill., who, on July 2, 1917, rescued two deaf boys, Frank Dusek and Charles Russy, both of Chicago, from drowning in the Kalamazoo River, near Saugatuck, Michigan. General First Aid: First Prize of $50.00 awarded to Miss Lulu An- drews, holder of a Red Cross First Aid Certificate, residing in Faribault, Minn., who, on October 8, 1917, properly employed first aid measures in the applica- tion of a tourniquet and in the treatment of shock to her father, Mr. J. P. Andrews, who had his right hand taken off immediately below the wrist by a corn shred- ding machine. Second Prize of $25.00 awarded to the mem- pers of the First Aid Team of the Cambria Steel Company, Johnstown, Pa. The members of this team are Joseph J. Dolan, Cloyd Livingstone, Fred Peewak and Charles Cramer. These men on May 10, 1917, rescued and Yesuscitated three men, Milo Viyanovich, J. P. Pinder and William Davis, who were overcome by cyanogen and hydrogen sulphide gases while at- tempting to rescue a fourth man who had been over- come by these gases. Artificial respiration was used by the First Aid workers from one-half to one and one-half hours, and three men recovered. In the case of Milo Viyanovich, no respiration was apparent. Third Prize of $15.00, awarded to E. J. Sharp, a telephone employee of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company, Baltimore, Md., who, on Febru- ary 20, 1917, in an admirable manner took care of a fellow employee who fell from a telephone pole and sustained a fractured skull. Massachusetts Adopts Junior Red Cross Membership The Junior Red Cross Membership is the only rec- ognized agency for war relief in the schools of Mass- achusetts, according to the decision of the Advisory Committee of School Superintendents, called by Dr. Payson Smith, State Commissioner of Education, to consider the eighty organizations for war relief that have asked help from the Massachusetts schools. In a letter sent to all school superintendents in the State, recommending the organization of School Aux- iliaries, the Advisory Committee says: ‘‘The Red Cross, bearing government endorsement with established international rights and providing for every phase of civilian and war relief, seems to furnish most logically the means of including in one organization all activities of this kind. “In connection with the junior organization, it appears that much latitude is allowed in the way funds may be secured, in the kinds of work to be -undertaken, and in the disposition either of funds or of material. This flexibility leaves considerably in the hands of school committees the direction and control of the work, so that adjustments to local con- ditions can be made. “In all cases where school authorities authorize the Junior Red Cross organization they may doubtless refer to the Red Cross all other organizations seeking the cooperation of the schools, in civilian or war re- lief. This will reduce the perplexity of conflicting demands without excluding from consideration any worthy cause.’’ * This official endorsement from the state that has been so long a leader in educational matters is proof of the working value of the junior membership offi- cially approved by the War Council of the American Red Cross, September 3, 1917. The Christmas Drive in Foreign Lands Reports of the results of the Christmas membership drive in United States Colonies and foreign coun- tries are still far from complete owing to the diffi- culty in getting cabled reports. To date, however, the Foreign and Island Division has reported its total of new members as 27,954. This number may be ma- terially increased. The detailed reports to date fol- low : Chapter New Members Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,500 Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000 China (except Shanghai) . . . . . . . . . . 1,691 Shanghai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554. Santo Domingo ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056 Buenos Aires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 St. Croix, V. I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Santiago, Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Kobe, Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Lima, Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Ponce, Porto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,954 The following Chapters have not yet been heard from : Yokahoma; Guam; Saou Paulo, Brazil; Seoul, , Chosen; Nisenda, P. R.; San Judei, P. R.; Havana, and the Canal Zone. Honolulu reports an increase in her membership of 97 per cent. Santo Domingo is continuing her drive; Buenos Aires reports new names coming rapidly, while the S. S. Venezuela reports every soul a mem- ber. 3. Hand Sewing Machines Replaced by Factories in Garment Making The women of Underwood, Pennsylvania, members of the southeastern Pennsylvania chapter of the American Red Cross, feeling that far greater results could be obtained from the tremendous sacrifice of time and physical labor being made by American women for the work of the Red Cross, if modern fac- tory methods were used in place of the old fashioned Sewing machines, in the manufacture of garments, have secured two modern factory lofts, near the center of the town to try the experiment. They have also secured a definite promise of the necessary sewing machines and power transmission, as well as the ad- visory assistance of experienced overseers in the ap- parel industry, to help organize and maintain the workroom upon the same scale of efficiency prevailing in the best commercial factories. All of this has been done without expense to the Red Cross, the local Chapter Finance Committee hav- ing been called on only for materials, and a limited sum of money to get the new workshop under way. Miss Anne Montgomery, in a letter to Mrs. George W. Pepper, the pioneer leader in the model factory movement, says, in part: “I hope the time is not far off when the Red Cross can place large orders for whatever garments they need with the same certainty of competent execution that accompanies orders to any reliable commercial plant. “The average operator of a foot-power sewing ma- chine, doing her bit for the Red Cross, is today mak- ing only six garments, where, given modern efficiency setting she could turn out sixty. If the factory idea were pushed in all the Chapters, comparatively few women would be needed for garment making, and the others could turn to some other important branch of the service. Think what a splendid return our Sur- gical dressings would reap.” This movement is practically a new one. The Edi- tor of the Red Cross Bulletin would be glad to hear of other places where the experiment has been tried out, and of its results. Field Note Following the recommendation of Mr. W. B. Thomp- son, head of the Red Cross Commission to Russia, the War Council has raised the rank of Major Raymond Robbins, Deputy Commissioner of the Red Cross Com- mission to Russia, to Lt. Colonel, and the rank of Dr. Haywood Hardy of the same Commission to that of Captain. Serbian Mission Thanks Red Cross for Relief Work December 29, 1917.-The Serbian War Mission made an official visit to the national headquarters of the Red Cross today and expressed the gratitude of the government and people of Serbia for the relief work of the American Red Cross in that country since the beginning of the war. Dr. Milenko Vesnitch, chief of the mission, spoke in the highest terms of the work of Dr. Edward W. Ryan, who for a year directed the Red Cross hos- pital at Belgrade and remained at his post until after the invasion of Serbia by the Austro-German troops. He also expressed appreciation of the work of Dr. Richard P. Strong’s commission in relieving the ty- phus epidemic of three years ago, as well as the more recent relief work of the Red Cross in and about Monastir, of which Dr. Ryan is in charge. The Mission was received by Eliot Wadsworth, acting chairman and member of the Red Cross War Council. Mr. Wadsworth said the deepest sympathy of the American people was for the Serbians, and that he was confident the people of this country, through the Red Cross, stood ready to aid the people of Ser- bia not only in the present crisis but in the solution of the problem of rehabilitation that would face the country after the war. “Whatever the American Red Cross has done or may do in the future,” said Mr. Wadsworth, “is made possible only by the support of the American people. We here in Washington only represent the sympa- thetic interest of the people and, serving merely as the agent of the American people, it is only for them that we can accept your thanks.” The mission went through the Red Cross building and the temporary annex. They made many inquiries pertaining specially to the general organization, the filing systems and the manner in which the enormous mail of the Red Cross is handled. Other members of the mission accompanying Dr. Vesnitch were Dr. Sima Lozanitch, General Richailo Rachitch, Lieutenant Colonel Michailo Kensdovitch, Captain Milan Yovitchitch, and Vladislav Martinatz. $1,500,000 Appropriated to Keep Our Soldiers Warm To provide the American soldiers in this country with sweaters, heavy woolen socks, helmets, woolen gloves and wristlets, the Red Cross War Council has just appropriated $1,500,000. - The appropriation covers the purchase of 500,000 sweaters; 250,000 pairs of socks; 250,000 helmets; 250,000 pairs of gloves, and 150,000 pairs of wristlets. Appropriation of $880,000 was also made for the purchase of 400,000 pounds of woolen yarn for resale to the chapters at the price of $2.20 a pound. This wool will be distributed to the thirteen division ware- houses in this country and sold to chapters on their orders. This wholesale purchase is made from na- tional headquarters to assure the production of ar- ticles of a standard grade and to fix a uniform price for the material to chapters throughout the country. Red Cross Representatives Bring First American Relief to Sardinia January 3, 1918. The first American Relief for Sardinia was brought by two American Red Cross representatives, Captain Carroll of Carrollton, and Captain J. P. Stevens. ' Captains Carroll and Stevens arrived at Sardinia December 17th, and visited Sassari and Cagliari, the two capitals of the Islands. They then made a motor trip through the mining districts. The appearance of Americans in army uniforms created the greatest enthusiasm on the part of the people. In the smaller towns the population collected in crowds and waited a half day for the arrival of the officers. In the chief cities the streets were bedecked with flags and the visitors were greeted by shouts of “Viva Amer- ica.” - Captains Carroll and Stevens report the spirit of the Sardinian people to be excellent, despite the suf- fering to which they have been subjected. Every- where the visitors heard expressions of gratitude to America, coupled with the feeling that the alliance with the United States would aid in a victorious con- clusion of the war. At the hospitals on the Island the Americans made full inquiries to ascertain the Sort of relief most needed at the hands of the Amer- ican Red Cross. Soon after the return of the Red Cross representatives to Rome, a telegram was re- ceived there expressing the gratitude of the Sardin- ian authorities for the relief already supplied. Red Cross Brings Christmas Cheer to Suffering Venetians With over half her civil population gone, and with 20,000 more dependent upon charity for existence, Venice had a sober Christmas, contrasting strangely with the gay scenes of other years. Over 700 people stood in line for their Christmas dinner at a soup kitchen taken over and operated for the American Red Cross by Consul B. Harvey Carroll. Perhaps loneliest of all was the lot of the wounded soldiers and sailors in the Venetian hospitals, now cut off entirely from relatives and friends. Last year they all had Christmas packets from home; this year there would have been nothing for anyone, had not Consul Carroli arranged for an American Red Cross Packet for 150 men in Ospółale Bauer, originally a naval hos- pital, and now adapted for the use of soldiers who come in wounded from the front. Each packet con- tained one box of cigarettes, and a package of simple cream candy with almonds, called Torrone, and much prized by the soldiers. These were distributed through Miss Constance Fletcher, an English woman, and the only Red Cross nurse at the hospital. Miss Fletcher tells the following story, illustrative of why Consul Carroll puts candy packets along with bandages, surgical dressings, and hypodermic needles, among the urgent supplies he is drawing upon the Red Cross for. “Recently a soldier was brought in suffering from 25 shrapnel wounds. He was absolutely helpless. His suffering was intensified because he could not be placed in a position which would ease his pain. After the poor fellow was bandaged up, I sat beside him, not knowing what to do or say. Then I found in my pocket a caramel and slipped it into his mouth. The room was nearly dark, and he lay there with the Sweet in his mouth until it was all gone, and then whispered ‘These other fellows don’t know what a good time we are having.’’’ Japanese Government Honors Red Cross Japan has just sent the American Red Cross a sei of sia, gold cups and a letter of merit. With the gift came the following letter from the Consul General of Japan in New York City: The American Red Cross Society, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen : - I have the great pleasure of transmitting to you here with a letter of merit, together with English translation, and a box containing a set of gold cups, which has been sent from the Bureau of Decorations in appreciation of your donation of twenty thousand yen in relief of the sufferers on the occasions of the famine in Hokkaido and in six other prefectures in 1913, and the volcanic eruption of Sakurajima, Pre- fecture of Kagoshima, in January, 1914. The said cups have been sent to you today per parcel post, which we have received just recently. Yours very truly, C. YADA, Consul General of Japan. Red Cross Feeds Children of Italy How the American Red Cross is responding to the needs of the situation affecting the welfare of children in Italy, is told in a cablegram received by the War Council. The Red Cross has financed the opening of a “creche’’ in Rome, to care for about 100 children of refugees, and is cooperating with private and gov- ernmental agencies which are dealing with families of refugees, in helping thousands of children. The cablegram continues: - - “Farmers of the invaded districts have large fami- lies, three to twelve children. The Red Cross has fur- nished to these family groups condensed milk, blank- ets and clothing, which have meant comfort on their hard journey through Bologna, Florence and Naples. Scores of children are fed each day at the Red Cross kitchen at Milan. A Red Cross hospital has been opened at Rimini this week for mothers and children. The Red Cross made two grants of money to socie- ties at Turin, which care for children of soldiers and refugees; and gave 1,000,000 lire to the Comitate Romano Organizzasione Civile, which, in the course of its work for the families of soldiers, cares for hun- dreds of children in creches, kindergartens and homes.” For Red Cross nurses in army camps the American Red Cross has appropriated $5,000 for the purchas- ing of winter equipment. JAN 23 1018 THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. *'. 3} º jºi. * * * % Vol. II JANUARY 14, 1918 - - No. 3 Report on Condition of the War Fund—$97,525,955 Has Been Received by Campaign Committee At a meeting of the War Council held last Monday the following report was offered as to the present status of the War Fund: The total amount pledged in the campaign for the Red Cross War Fund June 17th–June 24th, amounted to approximately $103,000,000, exclusive of dividends declared by corporations. The total amount collected by the National Finance Committee acting through 2,993 Campaign Committees to December 28, 1917, was $93,925,256.05. In addition there has been col- lected direct at National Headquarters, either in spe- cial or direct contributions, $3,319,352.19, making a total amount collected (less certain refunds), $97,- 226,456.31. Included in this amount collected, how- ever, is the known amount that was received from dividends. - - One hundred and forty-eight corporations declared so called Red Cross Dividends aggregating $17,948,- 969.31,–of which there was collected in New York by the Campaign Committee $2,256,833.29,--which last amount is included in the above figures. Interest on deposits and income on securities contributed makes the total received by the War Campaign Com- mittee to December 28th, $97,525,955.64. It is estimated conservatively that at least another $6,000,000 will be collected for this fund, divided as follows: New York, $2,100,000; Cleveland, $1,000,000; Portland, $300,000; from other places including Phil- adelphia, Rochester, and certain western states, $1,500,000. The amount to be received from Chicago and Cleveland will not be finally received until July 1, 1918, as the pledges there were payable monthly, and all maturing on that date. The balance due from New York will be paid on or before April 1st. It is interesting to note that of the amount pledged in New York, amounting to $21,926,990 (exclusive of dividends) of the matured pledges, all but $135,000 'has been collected; or less than .6 of 1 per cent; and the Campaign Committee believes that a considerable portion of this amount can be collected. In Boston, where an active campaign under the supervision of the Division Manager has been carried on, the shrink- age from the pledges has been less than one per cent. Adding to the $97,525,000 above referred to the $6,000,000 to be collected, makes the total gross amount which will be received by the Finance Com- mittee $103,525,955.64. - This does not accurately state the gross amount col- lected for the War Fund because certain Chapters, which have not yet made final reports, have retained, on account of their 25 per cent, a sum which amounts to $3,000,000. Thus the gross amount of the War Fund may be stated to be, including interest to date, $106,525,000. From this $106,500,000 the following deductions should be made to find out what has been available for expenditure by the War Council: - There must be first deducted the $13,613,153.04 paid to Chapters to be used by them in local war re- lief work under the 25 per cent agreement. Then there must be added the $3,000,000 retained by Chap- ters above referred to and an estimated sum of $1,300,000 to be paid to the Chapters from the sums still outstanding. In round figures this is a deduction of $18,000,000 from $106,500,000, and leaves available for expenditure out of the War Fund alone the sum of $88,525,955.64, exclusive of interest accruing after this date. - There has been paid by Hon. Wm. G. McAdoo, the Treasurer of the Red Cross War Fund, to the Treas- urer of the Red Cross, either in general or restricted funds, the sum of $37,938,308.73; and on December 28th there was a balance in Mr. McAdoo's hands of $45,948,259.32, which was deposited in 3,748 banks throughout America. 2 Of the approximately $38,000,000 which has been paid to the Red Cross, $2,339,000 is restricted as to ex- penditure and there was, on January 1st, in the Red Cross Treasury, approximately $3,200,000 in New York and Washington banks and $2,000,000 in other States. - . The total amount actually expended to date by the War Council is approximately $30,000,000. ‘. . . This, however, does not tell the story of the total amount for which the American Red Cross stands committed. - - . . . . The total amount of appropriations which the War Council has made and which have been approved by the Executive Committee to December 28th from the Red Cross War funds aggregated the sum of $75,- 329,764.35. Included in this amount, however, are several appropriations which require explanation and which really should be deducted from the total amount to ascertain the present financial condition. The total amount appropriated for Red Cross work in France was $37,445,613.72, but included in this amount is $6,922,000, approximately, appropriated for the purchase of supplies in this country to be shipped to and placed in the warehouses of the Com- mission in France. In the appropriations which the War Council has made upon the recommendations of Major Murphy and his Financial Committee, is in- cluded these sums, so that this amount, or a very considerable portion of it, will be available for fur- ther appropriations. There is also included $3,000,000 for working cash capital for the Commission to |France, which will only be spent for specific appro- priations authorized by the War Council and is, therefore, likewise deductible from the total amount appropriated. There is also included in the above list of appropriations $730,000 for working capital for the fourteen Divisional Offices. - Deducting these three items, leaves a net amount appropriated of approximately $64,700,000. There is one other appropriation included in the list of appropriations which requires comment and that is an appropriation of $11,288,417 for the pur- chase of supplies for resale to Chapters, such as wool, yarn, gauze, etc. This amount is represented either by sums due from Divisional Offices or by goods in warehouses; but as it is going to be necessary continu- ally to have a stock of such merchandise on hand this sum is not available for further appropriations. It is a working capital and it is believed that no fur- ther additions will have to be made to this working capital, but that it will be entirely sufficient for the period of the war. - This leaves available to the War Council, assuming our estimate of collections to be correct, for further appropriation $23,800,000 and leaves in the Treasury today and from collections reasonably expected to be made approximately $50,000,000, a portion of which is, of course, encumbered by the appropriations al- ready made. - Red Cross Canteens Keep Up French Army Morale, Says General The following is an Associated Press dispatch from Paris whder date of January 8: General Goigoux, as a representative of the French general staff, called at the headquarters of the Ameri- can Red Cross in Paris today to express the satisfac- tion of the military authorities at the work the Red Cross is doing for the French soldiers, especially by means of the organization Canteens. - “The only thing that matters in this war,” said General Goigoux, “is to beat the Germans and to accomplish this the all-important is the morale of the men. This you have done much to uphold. The atmosphere you create is more valuable than even you can realize. Your work is that of good Ameri- cans, good Frenchmen, good allies. I wish to thank you for it in my own name and in that of General Petain. . . “Your canteens have always been well run and I want to ask you to keep them always up to the same high standard. Let the men find there not only a good meal but also the extras that mean so much to them. For them to feel that they are being cared for not only as men but as friends makes them prefer your canteens to the wineshops and similar places and they are grateful. Their morale has rarely been better than now and we count upon you to help us to keep it where it is. ‘‘I need not tell you that I feel very strongly on this subject, that I am talking to you absolutely as man to man, and I am speaking for myself. But General Petain feels as I do toward your work, and indorses every word I have said.” School for Disabled Men Established by Red Cross For the training of crippled men in trades or oc- cupations in which they can engage in spite of their handicaps, the American Red Cross has established in New York City a school of reeducation known as the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men. The organization of this institute has been made possible by a gift of over $50,000 by Mr. Jere- miah Milbank of New York, who early in the summer of the past year saw the wisdom, in the present neces- sity of industrial production, of putting disabled men back on the payroll. - The facilities of the Institute will also be at the disposal of the government for the rehabilitation of crippled soldiers and sailors. - The activities of the Institute, which is already un- der operation, include an employment bureau for crip- ples; industrial and commercial training classes for disabled men, and departments of scientific research and popular education. Members of the Institute’s staff have been engaged for the past six months in studying the experience of the European countries in reconstructing their disabled soldiers. The Institute is housed in a large building at 311 Fourth Avenue, in the heart of New York City. The structure was formerly occupied by the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Douglas C. McMurtrie, of New York, who has long been identified with organizations in the interest of cripples, has been appointed Director of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men. The operation is under the supervision of a com- mittee of which Lieut.-Col. C. H. Connor of Washing- ton is chairman, Jeremiah Milbank, vice-chairman, and the other members Capt. Sidney Burnap, M. O. R. C., and Dr. Richard M. Pearce, of Philadelphia. Christmas Drive Enthuses London The recent Red Cross Christmas Membership Drive was followed, in England, with the keenest interest. Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Red Cross War Council, has just received the following cablegram from London: - “Astonishing success Campaign Membership as an- nounced in London press roused greatest enthusiasm London Chapter. Warmest congratulations on result of your efforts.’’ Our New Opportunity When the Christmas membership drive gained some sixteen million new members, it proved that the Amer- ican Red Cross had to offer an opportunity to serve and sacrifice, shoulder to shoulder, in a great cause. The recruiting was on a tremendous scale because each one wanted to give—and to give without waste; to give in such a way that the giving would do the most good. Powerless as an individual, each felt his strength grow as the number of his comrades grew. Since Christmas he has felt a giant indeed: and as a giant capable of giant deeds. The membership in the American Red Cross is now a fifth of our total population of over one hundred millions. It is difficult to grasp what this means. It does not mean, simply, that number of men, Women, and children—a fact stupendous enough in itself. The American Red Cross is not physical—or at least not mainly physical. It is not even the men and women who make up the organization. It is the total of the sympathy and affection of its members. It is the expression of the patriotism and solidity of the nation—as well as it is the fighter behind the line. Red Cross truly is a term of the spirit. Member- ship in if means Spiritual communion in a nation’s patriotism. To each one of these sixteen million new recruits the American Red Cross offers the right hand of fellowship. This great army, throbbing with sympathy and affection, carries its message to our soldiers and sailors on land and sea; and acts as the link between the fighting line and the folks at home. Our allies look upon us as a source of strength and an earnest of faithful endeavor. If we shall do our part we shall not only shorten the war itself, but contribute much to a future lasting peace. . Little Tennesseean Sends President Contribution for Red Cross The letter quoted below was sent with a contribu- tion to the work of the Red Cross in care of the Presi- dent, by a little girl from Bath Springs, Tenn. These little donations, given with a full heart, even when the wolf is at the door, reflect the true spirit of America in war time. Mr. Woodrow Wilson, Washington, D. C. dear President:- I saw in the nashville news paper this morning a great christmas drive in Red Cross work and that you was the head of it. Pardon me for asking you such a question but if you was to make another call for men and I should join the Red Cross could I go, with my brother where ever he goes? he is only the brother I have to depend on for support. My father and mother is dead. Brother and myself is keeping house. I am a poor girl but Gods love and mercy is in my heart for all the world. - . May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ rest upon all this world and give them all a happy new years. I am sending $1.00 to you for the Red Cross. that is a small amount but maybe it will be like the widows mite. Yours respectfully. GASKA SHANNON. The Red Cross Dollar (K. C. B. in the New York American) JUST FOR * moment. LET’S CLOSE our eyes. - >}; ; ; AND HOLD One dolar. >}< x}< x: IN OUR hand. + 4 + AND TAKE a journey. >}< xk >k OVER WINTER seas. - >k >k >k TO whºRE our boy. . >}: IS BILLETED. . :: ; :: SOMEWHERE, IN France. AND THEN. :k :: *k T.ET’S FOLLOW him. >k >k #: THROUGH WINTER St0rm S. AND MUDDY roads. >k >{< xk - AND SODDEN fields. :: -; :k AND SLEEPLESS nights. >}< xk >k AND THOUGHT S of home. LET’S STAND, with him. BEHIND THE 11nes. sk ::: :: AND LISTEN. :: xk :: TO THE noise of war. :k :k sk THAT CRIES its way. >k 2; x; AND WHINES its 111st. :k ::: :k FOR HUMAN 11ſe. :: * >k LET’S GO with him. :: :: :k ON THAT dread day. - # * x: ON WHICH he goes. + + k . BEYOND THE line. INTO THE Strife. :: ::: , ; WHERE HUMANs sing. AND BULLETS sing. >k >k # s THEIR “SONG of hate.” + 3 + AND SOME where. :k -k sk AS WE travel on. :: *k :: ALONG THE way. * * * THAT HE has gone. - + 4 + - THERE COMES a chance. THAT HE may fall. >k :k xk while WE are there. AND THEN. * * * WELLOREN up our hand. AND HOLD Our dollar. >k >k >k HIGH ABOVE. :: xk :k AND CRY for help. , * :k 2: : AND NONE will come. :: *k sk AND THAT’S the dream. >k :k >k I’D HAVE you dream. BACK HERE at home. :k :: *k AND THEN awake. :k >k :k AND PUT one dollar. :: ; :k IN YOUR hand. >k :: + AND TAKE it. # * * . TO A Red Cross place. AND TURN it in. :k :: *k AND THEN. >k :: *k SOME DAY. :k :k >k SOMEWHERE IN France, A SURGEON. OR A Red Cross nurse. :k :: *k MAY STAND. + 4 + UPON THE very spot. YOU STOOD upon. - >k :k :: * WHILE IN your dream. :k >k ::: AN IDLE coin. . >k #: -; THAT YOU had held. :k :: *k . THEYEL.HQLD. :: IN WHAT it bought. >k -k sk AT HOME. # * * OF LIFE. :: :: ::: AND COMFORT. :k :: :k FOR YOUR soldier boy. >k :: 2: I THANK you. Red Cross Raises American Flag from One End of Italy to the Other A résumé of the Italian situation so far as it has been affected by the work of the American Red Cross, is contained in the following cablegram sent by Major Grayson M-P. Murphy, American Red Cross Commis- sioner to Europe, to Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the Red Cross War Council: - When we reached Italy refugees in pitiful condi- tion were streaming down from the North. Inde- scribably pathetic conditions existed, involving the separation of mothers and children; and cold, hunger, disease and death. The unexpected military reverse had stunned the nation. Rumors of all sorts were in the air. No one appeared ready to hazard an opin- ion as to what would happen next. A vicious pro- paganda had spread the report that America was not friendly to Italy; that we were not interested in the war and even that we were afraid to antagonize Aus- tria, as well as Germany. If ever evidences of friendship and confidence were welcome to a country it was in those days before the Piave line was established. America apparently had no available means of expression. Congress was not in session. Our army could not act. Fortunately, however, the Red Cross was in a position not only to respond immediately to the call of the suffering, but also to carry the message of the American people to Italy in the hour of her distress. Working in conjunction with our own State De- partment and the Italian Government, which received us most eagerly in the spirit in which we came, we used every available means of supply and distribution to assist the Ally of our country. Within approxi- mately two weeks after our arrival we had established warehouses and branch warehouses to supply all im- portant points. We were distributing mattresses, sheets, pillows, pillow cases, hospital clothes, blankets, ether, sweat- ers, socks, drawers, shirts, women’s and children's clothing, general anaesthetics, sterilizing apparatus, autoclaves, amputation sets, beds, bedding, gauze, absorbent cotton, hospital garments, drugs, and gen- eral food stuffs. We were administering soup kitchens on the lines of transportation through which the refugees were pouring. - - We had opened shelters for homeless women and children. - We had established and enlarged workshops where wives and daughters of soldiers and refugees were working. We had accumulated and were distributing great stores of condensed milk to little children. - We had dispatched three of the ablest and most ex- perienced emergency workers in the world on a tour of Italy, with five hundred thousand lire in small bank notes, to give immediate aid where it was needed. We had arranged for refugee colonies of workers to be transported with their tools and equipment, so that as soon as they were located they could become self supporting. - - - . We had forty-six freight car loads of food and supplies on their way from France. We had our first unit of motor ambulances on the road from Paris to Milan with drivers experienced at the French front. We were administering relief in one way or another at Rome, Florence, Bologna, Naples, Palermo, Catenia, Leghorn, Genoa, Milan, Ancona, Ravenna, Beri, Ven- ice and Foggia. - At the presentation of our first three ambulance Sections to the Italian army there was represented in addition to the Italian army our own State Depart- ment, the French army, the British army, the Italian Red Cross, and the military sanitary department of the government. Our men were received as the first American unit to reach the Italian front, to combat. Our Common enemy and to stand with the Italian Sol- diers immediately after our declaration of war on Austria. As our sections passed through the streets. on their way to the front, after the ceremony, the Streets were filled with enthusiastic crowds and Amer- ican flags flew everywhere. “Whatever else we may have done or failed to do. We have raised the American flag from one end of Italy to the other, and our youngsters today are doing their part in helping to hold the Piave line.” Theatrical Day Nets Over $96,000 from Vaudeville Circuit Alone E. F. Albee, chairman of the vaudeville theater di- vision for Red Cross Theatrical Day, has turned over to H. P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, checks totalling $96,248.43. These checks constitute. the gross proceeds from performances given on Red Cross Theatrical Day in the various vaudeville. theaters of this country. Mr. Davison thanked Mr. Albee on behalf of the Red Cross and asked him to convey the gratitude of the national organization to all the vaudeville men and players of the country. - Among the vaudeville circuits represented were the B. F. Keith groups, Wilmer and Vincent, F. F. Proc- ter, W. H. Butterfield, Gus Sun, Independent Mana- gers, Orpheum and its affiliated circuits, B. S. Moss, Marcus Loew, William Fox, Ackerman and Harris, Pantages, and the Interstate. These checks do not include the returns from, theaters outside the vaudeville circuits. Secretary Daniels Assigns Commodore Wadhams to the Red Cross Commodore Albion V. Wadhams, U. S. N., has been designated by Secretary Daniels as the officer to rep- resent the Navy in Red Cross work. Commodore. Wadhams has an office at Red Cross Headquarters: where he is engaged, particularly, in assisting to. coördinate the needs of the Navy with the Red Cross. Commodore Wadhams was graduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in the class of '68. He was retired. in 1907 with the rank of commodore. With his pres-- ent appointment he was recalled to active service. * THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. JANUARY 21, 1918 No. 4 Christmas Packets Bring Great Joy to Our Fighting Men on Land and Sea The American Red Cross gave out, ap- proximately, one million Christmas packets to members of the United States Army and Navy. No soldier or sailor spending the Great Holiday in any of the big camps or cantonments in this country; or in serv- ice abroad; was overlooked. Such men as were fortunate enough to go home, on leave. had their Christmas celebration with family or friends. There were many such. The Red Cross Santa Claus naturally left them off his list. Nearly a Million Packets The cantonments absorbed. in round num- bers, half a million Christmas packets. In- asmuch as the Government permitted the great majority of men to go home this num- ber sufficed, but with only a small margin of safety. The Bureau of Camp Service, which had this celebration in charge, has heard from many of the soldiers themselves —and of course from the Camp Directors. It is known that every soldier at Camps Dix, Upton, Cody, Sherman, Lewis, Slocum, Funston, Meade and Devens received a Christmas packet. Reports from Division Managers throughout the country indicate that the Red Cross performed its work sat- isfactorily in all other cantonments. In the northern part of Alaska where communica- tion has been closed for two months, except by dogsled, each enlisted man there was presented with a Christmas membership, through the Alaska Chapter. One Hundred Thousand for the Navy The total distribution to the Navy was above one hundred thousand. Paymaster Rembert of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, detailed by Secretary of the Navy Daniels to receive all comforts for the men of the Navy from the Red Cross, distributed 65,000 Christmas packets. The Red Cross Field Directors in the various Naval districts looked out for their men. In addition Christmas packets were sent abroad for every man of our Navy in service there. Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy received and distributed at Christmas a packet for every man “over there,” officers included. Atlantic Fleet’s Greeting Captain O. P. Jackson, Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet, sent this message to the War Council of the American Red Cross: “The men of the Fleet send New Year’s greeting to the Red Cross. and thanks for Christmas gifts received this date. “'The Commander-in-Chief desires to add his appreciation of the excellent work of your organization, and to thank you for the Christmas gifts which cannot help but add to the determination of every one in the Service to do his utmost to protect those at home by bringing this war to a successful conclusion.” - General Pershing, commanding the United States’ forces in France, and Admiral Sims, in command of the American fleet in Euro- pean waters expressed the appreciation of their soldiers and sailors for the work and devotion of the Red Cross women. Gen. Pershing's Message General Pershing sent this cablegram: “Please express to women of American Red Cross sincere thanks of all ranks for Christmas greetings. The love and confi- dence of our women will make us all better men and better soldiers, and hold us firm in courage and determination to win.” Admiral Sim's Words Admiral Sims' message was: “Officers and men of the United States naval forces operating in European waters deeply appreciate cordial message of love and sympathy from the women of the Amer- ican Red Cross. The message and the send- ers are alike an inspiration to the Navy.” Red Cross Christmas gifts were not con- fined to American soldiers exclusively. There were wounded soldiers in Italy who were remembered, as well as in France. In many places they were the only Christ- mas presents received. One wounded poilu said: “I do not know what we would have done for Christmas if it had not been for the Red Cross.” - In the American camps in France each company assembled on the morning of Christmas day in its own barracks, and Red Cross workers gave out bags and pres– ents to every man, amid cheers. The men were delighted with contents of Christmas bags. One soldier said: Mothers Filled the Bags “I’ll bet it was a bunch of mothers who made up these bags. There's everything a fellow needs but does not know enough to buy.” y - - The camps were filled Christmas day with men carrying Red Cross bags on their arms and smoking the first cigarettes they had had for days. Gramophones and records given companies by Red Cross were sur- rounded all day by crowds of singing and dancing soldiers. In hospitals, the first present the sick soldiers saw on Christmas morning was Red Cross Christmas bags, which the nurses had tied to the beds after the men were asleep. The soldiers were awakened by singing of carols by nurses and in the afternoon there was a Christmas tree for every ward. The contents kept boys cheerful all day long. One said: “The Red Cross was the best Santa Claus ever came to me.” - Poilu Promises Victory Next Year At one great Christmas tree celebration, a French Poilu in regular uniform with white cotton beard acted as Santa Claus and gave out Red Cross bags to our men. He said: - “My pack is small, for I am on my way to the trenches, but I bring you each a Red Cross bag in the bottom of my sack. I have a great present which I shall come back and give you next year, that is, VICTORY.” Italy Remembered Unusual Scenes marked the New Year distribution by the American Red Cross to 700 wounded soldiers in the Celio Military in Rome. Miss Shaw, an American Red Cross nurse who had arrived from America a few days before, visited every ward in the hospital. She gave each man a pair of woolen socks, cigarettes, chocolate and 2 THE RE D C Ross BULLET IN heavy underwear. Nearly every soldier, even the most severely wounded. insisted upon shaking hands with her. They called down blessings on her and sent greetings to America. When the nurse left every soldier able to do so walked to the window and waved farewell to her. At another unnamed point along the Italian line, 15,000 soldiers were made happy by Christmas gifts from the American Red Cross. . Camps in U. S. Enthusiastic A portion of the letter of thanks from Camp Sherman, Ohio, reads as follows: “All are enthusiastic about the packets. The distribution was made through the com- panies. The packets were made a part of the company celebration of Christmas. General Glenn received his packet; the French officers detailed for duty received theirs; the men in quarantine received theirs.” Word has come from Camp Cody, New Mexico, that: “Every enlisted man in the camp has received a Christmas packet with the exception of the prisoners. By absolute and direct order of the Division Adjutant your Field Director did not give a packet to any of the 78 prisoners in the stockade.” The following is an extract from a letter from a National Guard officer. It tells the whole story: Officer’s Letter “The first detachment of our regiment * * * reached here on December 24th, just in time for Christmas dinner and the fine little parcel of presents that the Red Cross provided for each of the boys. I wish the good folks who are giving so generously of their time and money for the Red Cross work could have been among the boys when the packages were received by them and opened. If ever they are assailed by doubts and misgivings about the value of their work all these doubts and misgivings would have been forever dispelled by the genuine delight and pleasure that everywhere pre- vailed when the packages were opened. Brings Joy to Homeless Men “Christmas in the Army is not exactly a time of overwhelming good cheer. The boys who have good homes and friends are very apt to feel most keenly at Christmas the sadness of separation from home and loved ones; those who have no homes and no one in the world who cares (and there are many such in the army) are apt to realize and suffer most then, the loneliness of their position. To all of these, and to every one, the evidence of these little packages that someone cared and wished them well was like sunshine after rain; the wind seemed not quite so chilling; the sky not quite so dark; the world not quite so lone- some; and our country not quite so abstract or impersonal a thing. The idea was splen- did; the results were splendid; and there can be no doubt but that its continuing influence will be felt for good by both the Red Cross and the Army.” Young Italian Soldiers • , Off for the War . e Cheer America The popularity of Americans with the Italian soldiers is revealed in a cable gram just received by Henry P. Davison from Robert Perkins, Red Cross Commissioner to Italy: º An affecting tribute of friendship of the Italian soldiers for America was paid at the Central Station, Rome, when a large con- tingent of new troops left for their first active military service. The young soldiers marched through the streets with their bands playing. At the station they were met by a number of ladies of the American Red Cross Committee headed by Mrs. Page, wife of the Ambassador, who distributed appropriate gifts, tied with red, white and blue ribbon. High reviewing officers saluted the soldiers as the train pulled out. These fine looking young soldiers were filled with a splendid enthusiasm for their work. They leaned out of the car windows waving their hands, to which they had tied the American ribbons, shouting: “Viva Italia, Viva America, Viva La guerra” until, the train was out of sight. Corporal Bales- tri Curzio, who onced lived in New York, asked that this message be sent back: “Tell our American comrades in arms thanks to them for their help. We shall fight together till victory brings us all real lasting peace.” Wreaths of Holly Win Christmas Members in Paint Rock Paint Rock’s contribution to the Christ- mas Drive was 34 members and $35. Life is hard in Paint Rock and cash is Scarce. Paint Rock is in the mountains of Eastern Tennessee, the poorest section of the whole country thereabouts. Of the $35 collected from the 34 new mem- bers—-there was one magazine subscriber— $27.50 was raised from the sale of wreaths and trees of Christmas holly which grows very abundantly in the neighborhood. It was necessary, though, to carry the holly 18 miles to find a market for it. And that meant a walk, too, of 18 miles home again. Feeling for the Red Cross is pretty deep and real in Paint Rock. Division Directors of Civilian Relief Hold Conference The first conference of the Division Direc- tors of Civilian Relief was held in Wash- ington the first three days of last week and was attended by thirteen of the four- teen directors. . At the first meeting, each director stated the situation in his division with regard to “Home Service.” He defined his particu- lar problems and the solutions he had ar- rived at. At Subsequent meetings policies were discussed and announcement made of new plans by the Director General of Civil- ian Relief, W. Frank Persons. Thursday and Friday were given over to special conferences of the Directors of the Home Service Institutes at which the work of the first Institutes. just closed, were dis- cussed, together with plans for the further extension of this educational work. The Division Directors of Civilian Relief in attendance at the conference were Mrs. W. H. Lothrop, Boston; Alexander M. Wilson, New York; J. Byron Deacon, Phila- delphia; Dr. J. W. Magruder, Washington; J. C. Logan, Atlanta; Emmet W. White, New Orleans; James L. Fieser, Cleveland; Alfred Fairbank, St. Louis; F. J. Bruno, Minneapolis; C. J. O’Connor, San Fran- cisco; F. P. Foisie, Seattle; and Miss Es- ther Baldwin, Washington, with the Foreign and nsular Division. Those in attendance at the Home Ser- vice Institute conference were James F. Jackson, Cleveland; Dr. T. J. Riley, Na- tional Director, New York; Dr. George B. Mangold, St. Louis; Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, Dallas; Prof. A. J. Todd, Minneapolis; Dr. J. G. Stevens. Springfield, Ill.; Dr. and Mrs. Walter S. Ufford, Washington, D. C.; Bernard J. Newman, Philadelphia; Prof. Francis Tyson, Pittsburgh; Dr. H. H. Hibbs, Jr., Richmond, Va.; Prof. J. L. Gil- lin, Milwaukee; Porter R. Lee, National Director, New York; Prof. J. J. Pettijohn, Indianapolis; Prof. S. G. Lowrie, Cincinnati; J. R. Brackett, Boston; Miss S. P. Breckin- ridge, Chicago; Miss Theo Jackson, Balti- more; Miss Katherine McMahon, Boston; Dr. Jessica Peixotto, San Francisco; Miss Edith Thomson, Atlanta; Miss Byington, New York; Miss Eleanor McMain. New Orleans. - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - 3 THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . ’ s President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ..John W. DAvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor • e s a e e s e- tº e o & " - Secretary Stockton Axson WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADsworth Vice-Chairman *HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager * e º 'º - - - tº * * Red Cross War Council BY AP POINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES s e e o e º 'º e e < * : * * * Chairmam GRAYSON M.-P. MURPHY CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON CHARLEs D. NORTON John D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, American Red Cross Commissioner to Europe, mem- ber of the War Council, is returning from France. - ; : When the United States Government de- clared that a state of war existed between Germany and this country, Major Murphy was the senior vice-president of the Guar- anty Trust Company of New York, with a high metropolitan reputation as an organ- izer. Primarily, however, he was a soldier. He had been graduated from the United States Military Academy. He had passed five years in the army. Naturally, with the declaration of war, his first and only thought was to return to the Army. This he was not allowed to do, for with the appointment of the War Council of the American Red Cross and the proposed tre- mendous expansion of the Society's activi- ties, ability to organize on a great scale was pre-eminently in demand; and Major Mur- phy was one of President Wilson’s first selections for the War Council. Major Murphy accepted the appointment on one condition: that when certain foun- dations had been laid and certain work accomplished he should be free to return to the army. The task set for him was a great one; it was a soldier's task organizing the Ameri- can Red Cross in Europe to the end that it might omit no preparation necessary to take care of our own soldiers and sailors; and to the further end that it might help the soldiers and sailors and the civilian pop- ulation of France that the morale of the French Army and French people should be raised to the highest possible notch, through a realization of American aid and sym- pathy. a. And so Major Murphy sailed from New York for France on May 31 with his staff of 17 chosen experts. That staff grew and expanded until, when its head left for America, the organization counted its mem– bers by the thousand; and in it had been absorbed some of the best business brains of this country willingly conscripted in the Nation's service, without material reward, for the war's length. To serve under Major Murphy was esteemed not only a great op- portunity but a great pleasure as well. Not in France alone did Major Murphy develop the power of the Red Cross. The commissions to England. Serbia and Italy were under his command. Italy in her re- cent crisis came to know the American Red Cross and its efficiency for what it is—a very present help in time of trouble. It is an epic, the tens of millions of dol- lars wisely spent in France alone; the chain of warehouses paralleling the west- ern front which have sprung up since last summer, filled with all kinds of supplies ranging from the needs of the hospitals to agricultural machinery and raiment for refugees. The hospitals supplied number thousands; while tens of thousands of men, women and children have been ministered to, clothed and fed. Major Murphy has completed the task for which he went, as commissioner, to Europe. The organization of the Red Cross there has been completed and turned over to other hands. The time has arrived when he is free to leave the Red Cross and return to the army. The loss to the Red Cross is real, but clearly Major Murphy has earned the right to follow absolutely along whatever pathway he finds his duty to lie. Of few men's work can the phrase “well done” be more truthfully applied. - No Slackers Admitted to Paris Staff of Red Cross The Washington Post under date of Jan- wary 15, publishes the following statement issued there, officially, on that date, by the Red Cross: - The American Red Cross in France does not admit to its staff any Americans of draft age unless they present the proper credentials from the United States military or naval authorities giving the reasons why they are not qualified for military or naval service. When the organization was first brought together there were in it a number of Americans of conscription age, but these either satisfied the military authorities of their disability or left the Red Cross service and joined the service of the army or navy. On all such questions the American Red Cross is working most conscientiously with the military authorities in France and at home. - It was announced that a very small per- centage of the Red Cross personnel in France consists of young men. Most of the young men belong to the Society of Friends and claim exemption as conscientious ob- jectors. They are engaged largely in re- construction work in the war zone. Price of Wool to the Chapters Not Yet Fixed A premature statement was made in the Red Cross Bulletin of January 7, in an- nouncing the price on yarn to the Chapters of $2.20 a pound. Bids are still being re- ceived on wool, and until the total supply has been contracted for and an average price obtained, it will be impossible to fix the price at which this yarn can be sup- plied. 4 - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Appropriation The Red Cross War Council has thus far appropriated $4,771.990 for activities of the American Red Cross in Italy, from November 1, 1917, to May 1, 1918. These appropriations are based upon cabled recommendations embodying the re- sults of observation and inquiry by Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, Red Cross Commis- sioner in Europe, and also by the permanent operating Commission which has now ar- rived in Italy, headed by Robert P. Perkins, Of New York. - Red Cross activities in Italy were under- taken upon a large scale after receipt on November 2 of a cablegram from Ambassa- dor Page to the effect that help was needed instantly. Major Murphy was asked to go to Italy. He reported by cable: “When we reached Italy refugees in piti- ful condition were streaming down from the north. Indescribably pathetic conditions existed, involving the separation of mothers and children; and cold, hunger, disease and death. The unexpected military reverse had stunned the nation. Our Friendship Most Welcome “If ever evidences of friendship and con- fidence were welcome to a country, it was in those days before the Piave line was es- tablished. Fortunately, the Red Cross was in a position not only to respond immedi- ately to the call of the suffering, but also to carry the message of the American peo- ple to Italy in the hour of her distress. Working in conjunction with our own State Department and the Italian Government, which received us most eagerly in the Spirit in which we came, we used every available means of supply and distribution to assist the ally of our country.” In November and December, the Ameri- can Red Cross put at the disposal of its temporary commission for work in Italy, $2,988,464. 3. * This amount has been used mostly for emergency military and civilian relief and for the formation of a contingent relief fund. The foregoing includes $1,088,856, for the purchase in this country of foodstuffs, medi- cal supplies and blankets; and $407,808 for surgical dressings which are being for- warded with all possible speed from the United States to Italy. - In response to cable advices now received from Robert P. Perkins, head of the new Commission to Italy, giving estimates of the probable cost of operations for the im- ceived in local donations. for Work in Italy to May 1, $4,771,990 - mediate future, the War Council has appro- priated $1,662,016. Included in this amount is $800,870 for military relief, made up as follows: Soldiers at the front. . . . . . ... tº e g º & © & 8 $50,000 Surgical dressings service. . . . . . . . . . 90,000 Hospital Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415,870 Ambulance service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,000 Canteen and rest houses . . . . . . . . . . 120,000 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000 Aid for Civilians To render aid to the civilian population through caring for the hundreds of refugees, operating canteens for civilians and for other measures of relief, $692.580 has been appropriated. Other appropriations were as follows: For transportation, to cover the cost of automobiles, camions, gasoline, rental of cars and garages, transportation, insurance and salaries of those filling positions for which volunteers can not be procured, $59,- 38]. For the Bureau of Purchases, $17,969. For the Secretarial Bureau, to cover the cost of office furniture, salaries of clerks, supplies consumed in operating telephone, postage, rentals, telegraph, express, pub- licity, etc., $41,355. For the Bureau of Finance and Accounts, salaries of clerks, cost of stationery, books, etc., $14,280. For the Bureau of Stores, to cover sal- aries of clerks at Rome, in branch ware- houses, and for labor, printing, stationery, traveling, insurance and rentals, $35,581. The total amount thus appropriated as a Budget from January I to May 1 for Mili- tary Relief, Civilian Relief and other pur- poses is $1,662,016. In addition, the War Council has author- ized Mr. Perkins to apply to the Surgical Dressings Service and the Hospital Service $32,230 and for relief of refugees and for Children's Work, $89,280 which had been re- Both the Com- mission to France and the Commission to Italy have received various sums in dona- tions, some restricted and some unrestricted. Where the money is restricted it is added to the Red Cross War Fund and later appro- priated for the work of the Commission to which donated. - Including the $2,988,464 put at the dis- posal of the temporary Commission, the $1,662,016 appropriated for the budget to May 1, 1918 and the $32,230 plus $89,280 received in Italy, the American Red Cross has thus appropriated, since November 1, for relief work with the soldiers and civil- ians of its ally, Italy, $4,771,990. Re-equipment of Field Hospitals In addition to the above appropriations, the War Council has approved a cooperat- ive arrangement with the Italian Red Cross. whereby the former will assist in the re- equipping of field hospitals in Italy, many of which were lost or damaged in the re- treat of the Italian army. No appropriation has yet been made for this last enterprise, but it is expected that about $175,000 will be needed for the equipping of nine tent field hospitals of 50 beds each and motor transportation for these and for three large front base hospitals. The necessary appro- priation will be made as soon as detailed figures are provided by the Italian Red Cross. - Mittens, Socks, Helmets Most Needed Abroad The immediate and imperative need abroad for mittens, socks and helmets, as well as the order of importance in getting out various knitted goods, is set forth in a cablegram from Paris to Henry P. Davison, which has just been received: Regarding knitted goods in Chapter boxes, the Order of importance of articles is as follows: - First: Mittens. Second: Socks. Third: Helmets. Fourth: Sweaters. Fifth: Mufflers. The first three named articles should be produced in large quantities at the expense of all other Chapter work except front parcels, and, in view of the situation here, even before you supply the men in training camps. - - s - American Aviators in Italy Hungry for News American aviators, training in Italy, have applied to the American Red Cross at Rome, for newspapers and periodicals from home. They are delighted with the comfort- able conditions of their camps and enthusi- astic over the cordiality of the Italians; but they are hungry for news from home. Ar- rangements have been made, therefore, to forward to our aviators any newspapers or magazines sent for them to the American Red Cross in Rome. J. CF * * THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II JANUARY 28, loſs No. 5 Major Murphy Tells How Red Cross Kept Up Allies' Spirits As America Prepares for War Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy spoke to the amen and women workers at National Head- quarters last Tuesday afternoon. What he said was not only for them but for every member of the American Red Cross. He gave what might be termed a “family talk.” While he spoke Major Murphy stood on the landing of the main staircase. His audience was above him, below him and on both sides of him. The meeting was one that will not soon be forgotten by any one fortunate enough to be there. Major Murphy said in part: I am very glad that before my service for the Red Cross terminated it was pos- sible for me to come here and speak to you, because I want to tell you not only for my- self but for every member of our organi- zation over there what a tremendous debt of gratitude we owe to you and the others carrying on the work on this side. I know that the work that has been ac- complished by the American Red Cross since we started our present work, shortly after the outbreak of the war, has been the greatest work of its kind that ever was done in the history of the world. No work of a similar nature has ever been dreamed of before and you can not understand on this side of the water what an effect it has had on the war abroad. We have had a support abroad the like of which I did not dare to dream of when I went over. We have been backed, and helped, and supported, and cheered from this side of the water in a way that would have made it impossible for any organiza- tion, even a very meagre one, to do other than excellent work. - France’s Sacrifice When we arrived early in June the situa- tion in France and all along the western front was a pretty extraordinary one. Those countries had been terribly worn by this war. France from a population of some- where around 38,000,000 has lost in killed, seriously wounded and prisoners, about 3,- 500,000 men. If we lost in this country 10,000,000, it would be in about the same proportion. England in the last year of the war has lost 800,000 in killed and wounded. The whole of those countries is in the game. There is not a man, woman or child in France, in Belgium, in Great Britain or Italy that is not affected by this war. The suffering is something that you can not con- ceive and we shall not begin to understand, even those who have been there, until we really get in the game ourselves. Allies Fighting For Us For many years we have followed a pol- icy of failing to prepare for war. The result was that when we declared war in April it was impossible for us to put an effective military force in the field. To- day, months after the declaration of war, our war is still being fought for us by our Allies. We have taken no active part in the fighting. Although in a very short time our men will begin to go in we shall not be a real factor in the military situa- tion for a long time to come. When we arrived in France, the great feeling all along the front was one of happi- ness that this great country of ours had come to take our part in the fight. They be- lieve over there that America is capable of extraordinary deeds. They think we are a people who can carry out miracles of or— ganization and effective work. With our entry into the war, the people felt victory had been assured. - If, during all the months that have passed since our declaration of war, our country had been able to do nothing but continue its preparations, those of us who have been on the other side realize what the effect would have been on the spirit of the people who were carrying on the fighting. Red Cross Filling the Gap There has been only one great agency that has been able to fill the gap and to carry to the people over there the knowledge that America not only was making prom- ises, not only was preparing-but was actually accomplishing-and that was the American Red Cross. - From the eighteen men that you sent out there in June, without organization, with- Out e tuipment, even without offices, we have today an organization that is operating and operating effectively all the way from Sicily up the whole western front and into Great Britain. - We have goods which you have sent us Stored in our warehouses behind the lines all the way from London through Belgium, and all along the western front into Italy. We have the greatest motor transport organization that there is in the world to- day outside of those actually operated by the armies. Behind our advance warehouses, we have our base warehouses and port warehouses. If you were to go through these great store places and see the goods which have been accumulated, you would be filled with won- der at the power that has been organized and centered in those countries today. Boxes from Everywhere I doubt whether I was ever more touched in my life than I was when I went, after my first trip to Italy, into our greatest Paris Warehouse. It was rather late in the after- noon and getting dark as I came up on one of our floors in that tremendous build- ing. I saw there piles and piles of boxes. I asked what was in them. They told me they were chapter boxes. And I went up and examined them, and saw the names on the boxes—the chapters that had sent them. There were little towns from all over the country–New York, the Middle West, the West and the South. They told me that they had 15,000 to 20,000 boxes, there, and that there were over 100,000 more on the way from the Chapters. Women’s Work When I looked at those boxes and thought of what filled them, the moment was a very Serious one for me. To know that all over our country the women who are sending their boys and their husbands into that hell —and a great many of them will never come back—were working by the fire at home, at night; in railroad cars, in theatres, at their different meetings—afternoons and mornings, Working, working, working, to do what they could in this war to help care for those they loved and for those over there 2 T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN fighting for their country; that they had consigned to our care all of the product of their labor and that they were depending on us to see that those for whom they worked were cared for—was one of the most wonderful thoughts that I have ever had in my life. If it had not been for the feeling of pride that came to me in the thought of the splen- did support that that meant at home, I doubt very much whether I should have been able to carry on under the load of responsibility that had been placed on me. We are the active agency for the people of our country over there. The responsibility and opportunity that go with that position are very wonderful and very beautiful. I think that the story of what we did in Italy may constitute the best example of the effectiveness of the work that we have done in influencing the actual progress of the war. A Rout of the People At the time when the smash came and the Germans and the Austrians broke through, they found a situation in the Ital- ian Army and among Italian people that was very distressing. The whole country was tired of war. The victory was not a military victory; it was the rout of a large number of the Italian people. They came streaming back from the north of Italy, some half million refugees, in dreadful con- dition. There were children born on crowded trains. There were people who died on them. There were those who fell and died of exhaustion coming down from the roads to the railroad centers. There were people who had nev ºr left their little farms and little villages who were going out stripped of everything they owned in the world into a strange country. The question at the time of holding the line that the armies took was a very open one. The general impression through the country was that the Piave line was a tem- porary one, and that a retreat would fol- low. If that had come about, it would have meant a million and a half or two million more refugees thrown on a country already impoverished by war and short of supplies. It might have meant the elimination of Italy as a factor in the war. . If there was ever a time in the history of the world when a country needed moral support and somebody to come up and stand beside them, it was Italy after the break. Italy Misunderstood Us Now, our country was very considerably misunderstood in Italy at that time. A careful propaganda had been carried on which had developed among the people the belief that America was not really inter- ested in the war as far as Italy was con- cerned. We had not declared war on Aus- tria. There were stories that we were afraid to war with both Germany and Aus- tria. The idea had become current that America was suspicious of Italy—suspicious of her motives in the war and unwilling to help her. - There was no possible way for America to speak as a government at that time. Con- gress was not in session and a declaration of war on Austria was impossible. Yet it was absolutely necessary that in some way the people should be made to feel that America was with them. Our State Depart- ment felt it; the Italian Government felt it. And there was only one agency that could speak and that was the Ameriean Red Cross. - . - No Organization in Italy We had no organization in Italy at the time. We took from our French organiza- tion a number of men under Carl Taylor and sent them down to break ground. We began to hit before we broke the ground. The first thing we did was to send tele- grams immediately to every American con- sul in Italy to ask if they could use money, how much and what for. And we sent each consul all of the money that he asked for. We started forty-six freight carloads of necessary supplies from our French store houses. We started ambulances from France in charge of experienced ambulance drivers. We opened soup kitchens where we gave to the Italian refugees the first food and hot drinks that were served to them in Italy. We arranged for the trans- portation Of refugees from the North. We opened storehouses and warehouses at the essential points. We employed in the manufacture of surgical dressings, be- sides refugees, the families of soldiers fighting at the front. We opened hospitals where we could concentrate contagious dis- €8, SCS. - - - - × . Ambulances to Piave Front Our first ambulances went to the Piave front four days after we declared war on Austria. They went from Milan through streets that were covered with American flags and allied flags. They were cheered by great crowds as they passed. The ceremony of taking them over was assisted by repre- sentatives of the British, French and Ital- ian armies and representatives of the Ital- ian government and our own State De- partment. And the word spread of this wonderful thing that America had done four days after the declaration of war; men in khaki moving off to the front. I could go on and tell you about our work in France; the wonderful work we are doing there with children. Our Children’s Department is laying its plans to visit every new born child in France. We are now actually treating, through our own organi- zation and through organizations which we are supporting, 50,000 children in France. What Canteens Really Mean The French soldier when he came back on leave in the old days used to come to the junction point where he changed to take his train for home. Sometimes he used to stay at these junctions twenty-four hours. They were equipped to handle fifty or sev- enty-five people. Sometimes there were 4,000 or 5,000 there. These men direct from the trenches were infested with trench vermin, cold and wet. After sleeping in the open they got little food and that at an exorbitant price. The result was that they arrived home discouraged and tired. They carried with them not only discourage- ment and weariness but possibly disease from the vermin. On their return they went through the same experience. They got back bluer and more discouraged than when they left. In cooperation with the French Govern- ment, which has borne the major part of the expense, we have opened a series of canteens where these men are given com- fortable quarters where they can eat and sit about and sleep—great barracks with lumberman’s bunks in them. They are equipped with shower baths, and while the men are bathing their clothes are put through a process and the vermin killed. The men are well fed and amusement pro- vided them. They go back to their homes in a different state of mind from that in which they left the trenches. A Meal For 75 Centimes I am not talking now about hot drinks and that sort of thing. We serve an enor- mous quantity of actual meals. We are gº ng or selling actual meals at these can- tee, is to about one million French soldiers every month. A meal costs 75 centimes. It is about one half of what it costs us. It consists of soup, meat, vegetables, salad, cheese and bread and some hot drink, cof- fee, tea or cocoa. When these fellows ar- rived at our canteens at first they were so delighted with them that they actually would not go to bed in those bunks at all. They sat around and talked and sang all night, they were so happy. • THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN - 3 THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Woodrow Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST John SKELTON WILLIAMS JOHN W. DAVIS Stockton Axson • e s - e s = < * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • e º e e a * * * o * * * * WILLIAM. How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON . . . * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * Red Cross War Council By AP PoſNTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES s a e º e º a s " - e º º Chairman GRAYSON M.-P. MURPHY CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON CHARLEs D. NORTON JOHN D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH Military Courtesy Required of A. R. C. Members Abroad. The following is the teat of the order regarding saluting by members of the Red Cross organization abroad as issued by the Commissioner for Europe: The requirements of military courtesy will be carefully observed. Alertness in saluting will be exacted. When a superior officer approaches members of this organi- zation, whether indoors or in the street, any member of the group observing the officer will command attention, whereupon all will face toward the officer and all will Salute. Members of the organization at meals in cafes or restaurants, or at work at their desks, will not rise upon the approach of a superior officer unless personally addressed or unless specially called to attention by their senior. Members of the organization passing superior officers in vehicles will sa- lute without rising. Smoking materials will be removed from the mouth before saluting. Drivers actually handling teams or chauf- feurs actually driving automobiles will not salute; if halted they will salute without rising. . . - - Whenever appearing in public particular attention will be paid by members of this organization to their bearing and general appearance. Chauffeurs and teamsters will not lounge or slouch in their seats whether the vehicle in which they are seated is moving or not. º All members of the organization will salute all officers of the American Expe- ditionary Forces. "All salutes shall be ly returned. The American salute is made by raising the right hand smartly till the tip of the carefully and prompt- forefinger touches the lower part of the headress or forehead above the right eye. thumb and fingers extended and joined palm to the left, forearm inclined at about 45 degrees, hand and wrist straight; at the same time look toward the person saluted, then drop the arm smartly by the side. Bolshevik Government Protects Roumanian Relief Train. A special American Red Cross train of thirty-one cars, carrying assorted relief supplies, reached Jassy, the war capital of Roumania, on January 2, having left Petro- grad December 24, according to a cable- gram, January 18, from Raymond Robins, now in charge of American Red Cross af- fairs in Russia. The train, in charge of Lieutenant Magnuson, of the Red Cross Commission to Russia, made the run of about 1,300 miles within three days of the time ordinarily required by regular pas- senger trains, in spite of pessimistic opin- ions regarding the possibility of getting through at all. - - The shipment of relief supplies was made with the authority and under the protec- tion of the Bolshevik government. There was no payment for freight and no special inducements were given to assure the car- rying out of the plan. The journey, more- over, was made under the worst conditions prevailing since the Red Cross Commis- sion reached Russia. The train passed through territory in Ukrainia that was practically in a state of civil war. The cablegram from Mr. Robins has greatly encouraged the officials of the American Red Cross not only with respect to keeping up supplies for Roumanian re- lief work, but with regard to the situation in Russia as well. Latest Volunteer Workers at National Headquarters Harry B. Wallace, president of the Cup- ples Company, St. Louis, has been ap- pointed by the War Council as Assistant Director General of Military Relief. He will have charge of Camp Service and Can- teen Service. Mr. Wallace entered the em- ploy of the Cupples Company immediately after graduation from Yale, in 1899, where for three years he has been a member of the Yale football team. The Cupples Com- pany is the largest manufacturer of wooden ware in the world. Mr. Wallace became its president a year ago. - Andrew J . Pizzini, Vice President of the Railway Improvement Company, New York, --~ - --~~ has been appointed Associate Director of Canteen Service at National Headquarters. He is a volunteer for the period of the war. Mr. Pizzini is a graduate of the Vir- ginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. For the past fifteen years he has been actively engaged in the manufacture and distribu- tion of electric and steam railway equip- ment and supplies. He is an efficiency elec- trical engineer with wide railroad experi- en Ce. - - - Charles E. Fox, of Chicago, has been ap- pointed Associate Director of Camp Ser- vice in charge of construction. Mr. Fox was graduated by the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology. He is a member of the firm of Marshall & Ford, architects and engineers. This firm designed and built the three million dollar home of the North- western Mutual Life Insurance Co., in Mil- waukee; the Blackstone Hotel, Chicago; Maxine Elliot Theater, New York; Forrest Theater, Philadelphia; Nixon Theater, Pitts- burg, and many other large buildings. Mr. Willoughby Walling, a Chicago banker, has been appointed manager of the Junior Membership Enrollment Plan of the American Red Cross, which contemplates the enrollment of all the schools in the United States in the Red Cross during the period between Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays, next month. Mr. Walling is the Director of Division Administration of the American Red Cross and has acted as field organizer. - Paris Notes. Some idea of the care with which the women canteen workers are handling the supply of food shipped to them is indicated by the report that they are able to make 600 jam sandwiches out of two large cans of peaches and a can of corn syrup. The Bureau of Reconstruction and Re- lief has provided children's books, rabbits, medals, wiggly spiders, toy balloons and other toys for a thousand children in the Somme to be distributed through French oeuvres working about Ham and Nesle. In the first six weeks of its existence the travelling dispensary service from Nancy under the direction of the Children's Bureau has cared for 1,700 persons. Clinics are held in schools, town halls or factories in six villages. At Christmas time the travel- ling dispensary carried a Christmas tree in addition to its medicines. - - 4 THE RE D C Ross BULLET IN Latest Returns from Christmas Drive Indicate Membership of 23,475,000 - or 22 Percent of Population - The work of compiling returns from the recent Christmas Membership Drive has progressed to the point of substantial ac- curacy. The unprecedentedly unfavorable weather conditions which prevailed throughout the drive, have in many sections of the country continued, and even at this late date the returns from all Chapters have not yet been received. - In the accompanying table, however, the figures will be found closely to approximate the final count. All figures are given in terms of thousands. - A further tabulation based on returns yet to be received at Headquarters, will be nec- essary before absolute accuracy as to re- sults of the campaign can be established. From the Fourteenth Division, compris- ing all of the territorial, insular and foreign possessions of the United States, which have been omitted from this tabulation,-- the returns total 48,000. The vast majority of these are new members. Division Atlantic Central Gulf Lake . . . . . T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain New England Northern Northwestern Pacific Pennsylvania Potomac Southern Southwestern a e s e e s - e º e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * & e g º e º e º e o is e s tº t e º e < * * * * * * * * * e e e s e e e º e g º a tº e º 'º e º e s e < * * * * * * * * & e º e a e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * a s a e e s is tº 6 s e º o is tº e º 'º - • * * * * * * is e º e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 e º e s 6 - 4 & 8 º' e º 4 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e º e º e º e º is a t < * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Totals & s e º sº e º s & © e º e e º e º & © º ºs s º 4 º' STATISTICS OF MEMBERSHIP DRIVE. (All Figures in Thousands.) Percentage of Membership Christmas Total Membership Population November 1 Quota Members Membership to Population 14,740 1,011 2,015 2,800 3,811 .26 15,365 2,000 I,189 3,600 5,600 .36 6,198 86 304 384 470 .08 I0,466 834 1,063 2,300 3,134 .29 2,041 70 181 276 346 ..I'7 5,988 480 964 670 1,150 .19 4,268 212 388 658 781 ..H.8 2,905 155 361 693 948 .29 3,404 273 4.67 327 600 .18 8,875 502 1,192 1,600 2,102 .24 5,370 I56 356 250 406 .08 10,219 I'71 4.38 370 542 .05 13,854 435 1,162 3,250 3,785 27 106,693 6,385 10,000 17,188 23,475 .22 Queen of Roumania Receives $16,000 for Country's Poor. The following cablegram from Henry Watkins Anderson, Chairman of the Red Cross Commission at Jassy, Rowmania, dated January 22, has been received at National Headquarters: - “We are today distributing food and clothing to more than 10,000 people. Num- bers increasing every week. Just received large shipment clothing and material pur- chased in Petrograd and Moscow. Am ex- pecting shipment of your food cars from Odessa this week. By extraordinary effort, I believe we can continue to purchase suf- ficient supplies to carry on work with in- creasingly good results. - “Have today given Her Majesty, th 250,000 lei (about $16,000), Queen, aS Christmas gift from American Red Cross to the poor of Roumania to be distributed among the various organizations of this city. She desires me to convey to you their grate- ful appreciation of the same and of service rendered by American Red Cross in Rou- mania.” The manufacture of artificial limbs at a Red Cross shop in France is already well established. Labor is drawn as far as pos- sible from the mutilés themselves. - -º-º-º: Latest Roster of Chapters Num- bers 3480. In the United States proper there were, on January 20th, 1918, 3,453 Red Cross Chapters. Outside of the United States and in the Territorial and Insular Division there were 27 Chapters, as follows: Phillipine Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . I England ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Hawaiian Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Canal Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . } Persia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Porto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Santa Cruz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Brazil . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Whole Piave Village is Moved to Leghorn. - The following cablegram, dated January 30, from Robert Perkins, Commissioner to Italy, has been received at National Head- quarters: - “The village of Spreziano on the Piave will be transferred intact, as far as the population is concerned, to another loca- tion outside the danger zone, where the in- habitants may continue their useful indus- try—the manufacture of wooden cases for oil and gasoline. *- “This experiment, which is one of the most interesting of the war in dealing with people in the invaded district, will be made with American help. “All the workmen of Spreziano with their families, machines and tools will be trans- ported by the government to a suburb of Leghorn. In this village they will resume life interrupted by the war. In response to an appeal to Supply kitchens and ma– terial for serving 1,500 persons the Ameri- can Red Cross has undertaken to contribute the necessary articles.” . . . . . . . . ! Frr jº long ! RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II No. 6 FEBRUARY 4, 1918 Junior Membership Plans To Enroll 22,000,000 School Children Between Lincoln's and Washington’s Birthdays The patriotic activities of all the school children of the United States—public, pri- vate, and parochial—will soon be turned into one channel: The Junior Membership of the American Red Cross, the officially con- stituted point of contact between the schools of America and the patriotism of their pupils. This, in a nutshell, is the outcome of the Advisory Conference on Problems of Edu- cation and Administration concerning the Junior Membership and School activities of the American Red Cross held at the Na- tional Headquarters, in Washington, in January. - Beginning on Lincoln's birthday, February 12, and continuing until February 22, Wash- ington’s birthday, enrollment work will be carried on with the intention of bringing every child in the 360,000 schools in this country into Red Cross Junior Membership. On September 3, 1917, the War Council of the Red Cross gave the children of the United States an official part in the great work of the Society through the formation of School Auxiliaries. uary 1, 1918, 2,531 of these School Auxil- iaries; 563 Chapter School Committees and 860,741 pupils enrolled. To Enroll 22,000,000 In the present movement it is expected that the enrollment will reach 22,000,000. This, added to the present membership of the American Red Cross proper, will bring the total of adults and children to more than 45,000,000, or nearly one-half the popu- lation of the United States. In speaking of the Junior Membership of the Red Cross, Mr. Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council of the Amer– ican Red Cross, said: “I believe a program has been made out here which is the most important single movement that was ever started in Amer- ica for the protection of the American pub- lic and the future of the people. “ “When I was talking with the President about the program, I then said that I be- There were, on Jan- lieved that nothing in the Red Cross was as important as the Junior Membership work —and that alone from the standpoint of our own people.” - The plan agreed upon provides that all the children's organizations which are to participate in the general Junior Member- ship movement will retain their individual identities although operating hereafter through the Junior Membership. Combine in Junior Membership The movement to combine, in the Junior Membership of the American Red Cross, the patriotic activities of all school children, has the support of the leading educators of America. Not only this, but the Federal Department of Education, the National Education Association, the War Savings Committee, the Department of Agriculture, and the Food Administration sent repre- sentatives to the recent conference at which the plan was agreed upon. His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons is a member of the Honorary Advisory Committee for the En- rollment plan of the Junior Membership and School Activities of the Red Cross, and Archbishop Hanna, California, has given the plan his support. W The following is a section of the resolu- tions adopted at the Advisory Conference: “We would have our children not merely escape the ills of war; we would teach them to be, in a constructive way, citizens of the America that is to be. “We regard it as essential that the Junior Red Cross should undertake to teach that all our efforts to aid the government are essentially one. Aims of Junior Red Cross “The mobilization of our home guards; the control of food, fuel, and railways; the conservation of clothes and spending money, and other forms of thrift and economy sug- gested by the National War Savings Com- mittee; the protection of the individual and the community in the conditions of health and work which have been already won—all these are identical with the aims of the Junior Red Cross, with the volunteer mak- ing of sweaters and garments, of packing boxes and surgical tables. The purpose of all this is one: to release to the government, for its vital needs, men, money and sup- plies. Every sweater contributed by a school auxiliary is a step in conservation just as truly as war savings or food pledges. “Since these activities are essentially one, we believe that the economy of the school program demands the avoidance of conflict- ing appeals and duplicating organization. The Junior Red Cross, which has already won so wide a measure of recognition in the school field, offers its organization and will cooperate with them to the fullest ex- tent in obtaining a wise economy of the child's time and strength.” The Junior Membership will work through its school auxiliaries. - Honorary Advisory Committee The following are the members of the Honorary Advisory Committee: A. Bernard M. Baruch, Council of National Defense; ". Mary C. C. Bradford, President National Education Association; Carrie Chapman Catt, President of the National Suffrage Association and Woman's Committee Council of National Defence; P. P. Claxton, United States Commissioner of Education; . . His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons; Walter F. Gifford, Director of the Coun- cil of National Defence; - Samuel Gompers, President, American Federation of Labor; . - - Henry John Heintz, Chairman, Executive - Committee World's Sunday School Associa- tion; - - - - Herbert C. Hoover, United States Food Administrator; - - Julia Lathrop, Chief Children's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor; . . Eva Perry Moore, President, National Council of Women; - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress; Frank E. Vanderlip, Chairman of War Savings Committee, U. S. Treasury; Frederick Walcott, Food Administration. Personal Endorsement Many personal endorsements were given the movement during the Conference. U. S. 2 * - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN / Commissioner of Education P. P. Claxton said: “Dr. MacCracken has explained that it would not be the purpose of the Junior Red Cross to exploit the schools, or to take the time of the children that should be given to the regular school work; but that it would serve as a means of coordination of all these other agencies trying to use the schools. When he convinced me of that, I gave him my blessing and said I hoped that the Junior Red Cross would succeed. And I am here to repeat what I said to him. . . . I know that the work you want to do can be carried through without interfering in any way with the normal progress of chil- dren in their studies. It will add much of very great value.” - The State Superintendents of Instruction expressed themselves as being decidedly in favor of the movement. - M. L. Brittain of Georgia said: “It is a pleasure to state that it has my cordial en- dorsement.” F. G. Blair of Illinois said: “I approve of the plan.” . . . . J. T. Joyner of North Carolina “rejoiced in this Junior Red Cross,” while M. Bates Stephens of Maryland approved the cooper- ation of our public schools with the Amer- ican Red Cross. - - Archbishop Hanna of California tele- graphed to the Red Cross: “We shall do all in our power to further the great work of the Red Cross in all the schools of our archdiocese.” - . The approval of the Lutheran Schools is shown by this report from the Red Cross Chapter in Milwaukee; “There are 35 parochial schools which represents a German population. It is a satisfaction to realize that nearly every one of them has done its part in the Junior Red Cross.” Boys' and Girls' Clubs The U. S. Government Departments de- siring the cooperation of school children have been quick to grasp the opportunity extended to them by the Junior Red Cross. The Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs of the U. S. Department of Agriculture have received authority to enroll as school auxiliaries. Should Reach 22,000,000. Mr. Benson said at the conference: “The Department of Agriculture is striving to help the people in their own work, and since my subject is to represent the extension division I want to represent as briefly as I can just what this machinery is, so that you may know best, back in your territory, how to use it in this Junior Red Cross work. * * * we have only been able to reach 800,000 boys and girls with these agricul- tural and home economics activities, where- as there are today nearly 22,000,000 chil- dren of school age who ought to be reached. That argues the proposition that there can- not be any too many agencies in the field of food production and food conservation. “For all these workers, these county lead- ers, these demonstrators, for all of these people I bespeak their whole hearted co- operation in your efforts, and I shall be glad, personally, to reinforce that when I go about over the country, and urge them to get into the game and help in every conceivable way to build up this program you have started, to serve the world need and the world war.” Garden Work in War Service The School Garden Association of Amer- ica expressed its approval of the Red Cross Junior Membership. In the following reso- lution adopted by the annual conference at Pittsburgh, December 31st, it was resolved: “That we suggest to the Junior Red Cross that garden work be emphasized as a special line of service in helping to win the war.” Mr. Walcott of the Food Administration thoroughly approved of using the Junior Red Cross as a medium through which to transmit the principles of conservation to the schools. In speaking of the importance of this work Mr. Wolcott said: “The child is the one who may be reached through the schools and carry the simple lessons of home economy, of food substitution and other simple lessons of the war.” . Mr. H. E. Benedict, Secretary of the National War Savings Committee of the U. S. Treasury, wrote to Dr. MacCracken: “The National War Savings Committee is glad to avail itself of the cooperation offered by the Junior Red Cross to place its school auxiliaries in cooperation with the plan to encourage the sale of war savings stamps among the school children of the U. S. and will, upon application for the formation of a War Saving Society by any Red Cross School Auxiliary issue a formal certificate of affiliation with the National War Savings Committee. “The government through the President’s proclamation of September 15th, and the letters of the U. S. Commissioner of Educa– tion, and the Council of National Defense, has already recognized the Junior Red Cross as the organization for patriotic school service. The National War Savings Com- mittee, wherever feasible, will be glad to cooperate and thus avoid duplication of organization and secure the fullest oppor- tunity of national service for the school children of America.” - A few of the delegates to the Advisory —s Conference on Problems of Education and Administration Concerning the Junior Mem- bership and School Activities of the Amer- ican Red Cross were: John H. Finley, Presiding Officer, LL.D., L.H.D., Commissioner of Education for New York State. Francis Grant Blair, LL.D., State Super- intendent of Public Instruction for Illinois. Marion Luther Brittain, State Superin- tendent of Schools for Georgia. - Margaret McNaught, Assistant Commis- Sioner for Elementary Education for Cali- fornia. M. Bates Stephen, State Superintendent of Schools for Maryland. ‘. . . Mary C. Bradford, State Superintendent of Public Instruction 1 or Colorado. F. B. Pearson, State Superintendent of Public Instruction for Ohio. John Daniel Shoop, Superintendent of Schools for Chicago. . H. E. Benedict, Assistant of Frank E. Vanderlip, War Savings Stamp Committee, United States Treasury. O. H. Benson, Boys and Girls Club Exten- sion Work in United States Department of Agriculture. Benjamin Parsons Bourland, Ph.D., Pro- fessor Romance Languages, Adelbert Col- lege and Western Reserve University. C. C. Certain, English Department Cass Technical High School, Detroit, Michigan; in charge of patriotic work of school chil- dren in Detroit. - F. P. Claxton, Lit.D., LL.D., Commis- Sioner, United States Bureau of Education. H. P. Davison, LL.D., Chairman War Council American Red Cross. - . G. Montgomery Gambrill, Lecturer and Associate in History, Teachers College, Co- lumbia University. - Edwin A. Greenlaw, Ph.D., University of North Carolina. - Gilbert H. Grosvenor, editor National Geographic Magazine. Henry E. Jackson, United of Education. - . . James T. Joyner, LL.D., State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction for North Carolina. Andrew Ten Eyck, organizer of Liberty Loan and War Savings campaigns in schools, New York State. Eliot Wadsworth, Vice-Chairman Central Committee American Red Cross. Fred A. Walcott, United States Food Ad- ministration. - J osephine C. Preston, State Superinten- dent of Public Instruction for Washington. Isabel M. Stewart, Teachers College, Co- lumbia University. States Bureau T H E R F D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 T H E AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WOODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SkiElton WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIot WADsworth Price-Chairman HARVEY D. Gibson - - - - - - - - - - Red Cross War Council -- BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chairman GRAyson M.-P. MURPHY CoRNELIUS N. B.Liss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM. How ARD TAF't HENRY P. DAVISON CHARLEs D. Norton John D. RYAN Eliot WADSworth Harvey D. Gibson Becomes Member War Council. President Wilson to-day announced the appointment of Harvey D. Gibson, general manager of the American Red Cross, as a member of the War Council of that organ- ization. Mr. Gibson succeeds Major Gray- son M.-P. Murphy, who resigned from the War Council recently to join General Persh- ing's staff. The President's appointment gives Mr. Gibson the distinction of being the youngest member of the War Council. He is 35 years old. He will bring to the Council all the energy and enthusiasm that has character- ized his work as General Manager of the Red Cross. While he occupied this posi- tion, which he will retain, the number of chapters affiliated with the Red Cross in- creased from 1,800 to 3,500. Prior to his appointment as General Man- ager of the national organizations on July 15, last year, Mr. Gibson had been chair- man of the New York County Chapter and was thoroughly familiar with the problems and activities of the Red Cross. He became President of the Liberty National Bank in January, 1917, having been before that the Assistant Manager of the American Express Company. At the beginning of the European war he was appointed head of the committee of bankers which was sent to Europe to distribute the gold which the U. S. Cruiser Tennessee carried over for the relief of marooned Americans. Mr. Gibson was made General Manager of the Red Cross by Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council, because of his recognized ability as an organizer. HARVEY D. GIBson. ison paid this tribute to the new General Manager’s abilities: “We are peculiarly fortunate in being able to obtain the services of Mr. Gibson who is one of the most successful young men in America. He brings to the work youth, great administrative ability, and un- bounded energy and enthusiasm.” In his new position as a member of the Red Cross War Council, Mr. Gibson will have as his associates Mr. Davison, Charles D. Norton, John D. Ryan and Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr. Thousands of “Eyes” Still Needed for Our Navy. The Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, has writ- ten the Editor of the American Red Cross magazine, on the urgent need of the Navy for binoculars, spy-glasses and telescopes as well as sextants and chronometers. There is no stock on hand in this country to meet the emergency. Many have been given but thousands more are needed. The submarine is the occasion of the need for more “eyes” for the Navy. The following are the essential features in connection with the Navy’s call: All articles should be securely tagged giving the name and address of the donor, and forwarded by mail or express to the Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assis- At the time of his appointment, Mr. Dav-tant Secretary of the Navy, care of Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C., so that they may be acknowledged by him. Articles not suitable for naval use will be returned to the sender. Those accepted will be keyed, so that the name and ad- dress of the donor, will be permanently re- corded at the Navy Department, and every effort will be made to return them, with added historic interest, at the termination of the war. It is, of course, impossible to guarantee them against damage or loss. As the Government cannot, under the law, accept service or material without making Some payment therefor, one dollar will be paid for each article accepted, which sum will constitute the rental price, or, in the event of loss, the purchase price, of such article. Portuguese Red Cross F ormally Acknowledges Gift. Information regarding the first COOpera- tive effort between the American Red Cross and the Portuguese Red Cross is contained in a cablegram received from the Red Cross Commissioner at Paris, under date of Janu- ary 24. It was in the form of a gift from the American Red Cross of a sum sufficient to pay for the installation of an electric plant at the new base hospital which is be- ing completed by the Portuguese Red Cross at Ambleteuse, near Boulogne, France. The hospital is one of 250 beds and is to be a model institution in every respect. The British Red Cross also aided in its con- Struction. Official appreciation of the gift from the American Red Cross was expressed through a formal visit of the Portuguese Minister to France and the Inspector Gen- eral of the Portuguese Red Cross to Amer- ican Ambassador Sharp. Aid now extended to Portugal's hospital work recalls the fact that the Portuguese Red Cross offered its assistance to the United States during the war with Spain. Blankets for Italians Alone Last Month–$729,000. The Red Cross War Council has appro- priated $324,000 for the purchase of blan- kets for shipment to the Red Cross Com- mission to Italy. These blankets will be used for refugee work and will supplement a consignment of 150 tons of blankets of a better quality, for which an appropria- tion of $405,000 was made by the War Council on January 9. The $324,000 just appropriated includes war risk and marine insurance as well as cost of the blankets. 4 • , T H E R E D C R O ss B U L LET IN H. P. Davison Says Congressional Appropriation for Red Cross Would be Mistake. Copies of the letter which H. P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, wrote to Mr. C. B. Huntress of the Allentown, Pa., Chamber of Commerce, have been sent to all the Division Managers with a request to forward copies to the Chambers of Com- merce and Merchants’ Associations in their divisions, and to the members of the Red Cross War Finance Committee. The letter to Mr. Huntress runs as follows: AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. January 17, 1918. My Dear Mr. Huntress: Permit me to acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of January 8th, enclosing resolutions passed by Allentown Chamber of Commerce, and by its direction forwarded to commercial organizations throughout the United States and to mem- bers of the Pennsylvania delegation in Con- gress. I regret that there was not oppor- tunity for consultation and wider discus- sion, before your estimable organization So recorded itself, as I am convinced it would be a mistake, at this time, to support Red Cross, even in part, by congressional ap- propriation. I understand the business man's side of the question, the claims upon his time, money and staff, the diversion in his community created by canvassing cam- paigns and the inequality that marks the distribution of the common burden, but I am convinced that he patiently should abide these minor ills for the greater good that, I am convinced, is being accomplished. As I see Red Cross, with its widespread operations, it is a great auxiliary to the Government in war, made the more helpful because it claims no time from a rapidly expanded Administration pressed by many problems, recruits no operating personnel from those liable for military duty, and imposes no financial burden or responsibil- ity upon the national treasury. I see it as the organization and the expression of that patriotic citizenry anxious to pay more than taxes to help win the war, eager to care for its sons called to arms and ready to extend the hand of bounty to those in need in other lands. I see it as a mobile organ- ization, free from legislative delay capable of wide service not easy of accomplishment by our Government, that in emergency or disaster can act instantly. I see it as a great educational factor of profound in- ward influence upon our national life, mov- ing toward mutual understanding and sympathies helpful to our social life, and now an impressive example of our national unity and solidarity. - I believe that the effect inevitable of Government contribution to Red Cross would be the discouragement and discon- tinuance of private support and its con- version ultimately from a great voluntary humane movement to a department of Gov- ernment supported wholly by taxation; its place claimed by other voluntary organiza- tion or organizations. I can conceive ex- treme circumstances where it might be ad- visable, in emergency or necessity, for the Government to ask Red Cross to perform some special function for which founds would be provided by appropriation, or for Red Cross to request, in emergency, some form of financial aid from Congress, but as long as our people have the spirit and the means to go on independently they should be encouraged so to go. To do otherwise is to deny them the opportunity of sacrifice and contribution in this great tragedy, which is a blessing to them. Sincerely yours, (Signed) H. P. DAVISON, Chairman, Red Cross War Council. C. B. HUNTREss, Esq., Allentown Chamber of Commerce, Allentown, Pa. Queen of Roumania Cables Thanks for Self and Country. The following cablegram, from Marie, Queen of Roumania, via the American Lega- tion, Jassy, and the Department of State, dated January 26, has been received at National H eadquarters. Col. Henry W. Anderson is Chairman of the American Red Cross Mission to Roumania: Anderson whose faithful and efficient ac- tivity is of such help to our wounded sol- diers and suffering population handed over to me the generous gift of a quarter of a million lei from the American Red Cross. In the name of the poor and the sick, in the name of my country, and in my own name, I ask you to accept our most heart- felt thanks which all of us send to the American Red Cross as expression of our gratitude. We shall never forget what your mission under the intelligent direction of its chairman did for my country in this time of trial. We shall equally keep a grateful remembrance for all the help and the encouragement we received in every cir- cumstance from Mr. Minister Vopicka. - | MARIE; Queen of Rowmania. To Keep in Touch with Soldiers’ Families Here as in France. Full information regarding the condition of soldiers who are taken ill, or are injured in camps in the United States, is to be transmitted to members of their families by the Red Cross. Secretary of War Baker submits the plan for carrying out this work in the following letter to the American Red Cross: - - WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON January 26, 1918. “Gentlemen: Since the American Red Cross has al- ready established in France, in accordance with an Army order, a service to keep fam- ilies in America in personal touch with their boys, ill or wounded in the field, it is suggested that this service be extended to the camps in the United States. American Red Cross representatives at the camps here, as in France, would have access to daily lists of admissions and evacuations from the hospitals, and, so far as it is in accord with necessary medical rules, would be allowed to talk with sick men. They would be expected to keep families con- stantly informed as to the condition and progress of men in the hospitals, to write letters for men unable to write themselves, and in general to fulfill that clause of the Red Cross charter which designates the society as a medium of communication be- tween troops in the field and their families at home. . - Cordially yours, NEwTon D. BAKER, Secretary of War.” The American Red Cross, . National Headquarters, Washington, D. C. Dr. Bailey Succeeds Dr. Pearce. The following announcement, under date of January 29, was made by H. P. Davison, Chairman, War Council: Due to the necessary resignation of Dr. R. M. Pearce as Secretary of the Medical Advisory Committee and Director of the Bureau of Medical Service of Foreign Com- missions, Dr. W. C. Bailey has today been appointed his successor, and has also been elected a member of the Medical Advisory Committee. s Dr. Ralph Pemberton has been made Assistant Secretary of the Medical Advisory Committee and Associate Director of the Bureau of Medical Service of Foreign Com- missions. 515. sº $ * sº * z Frp 13 101*. RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II: FEBRUARY 1 1, 1918 No. 7 American Red Cross Granted Li- cense to “Trade With the Enemy.” The American Red Cross has been granted a license by the War Trade Board to “trade with the enemy.” This is how it came about: the privilege of sending letters, food, and money to American prisoners of war in Germany has been granted exclusively to the Red Cross by the German government. Germany demands a return for this privi- lege. She asks the Red Cross to act as the medium through which German fathers and mothers can send a “word from home” or a remembrance to sons confined in American prison camps, and to a minor extent to her prisoners in French and British camps. This, in a sense, constitutes “trading with the enemy.” Thus it was necessary to get the Sanction of the War Trade Board for the undertaking. This has just been se- cured, and the license issued. It gives the American Red Cross a blanket authoriza- tion for communication with prisoners of war over the entire world—enemy, allied, and neutral. Recently a naturalized Austrian came to the Red Cross, begging it to get word to his son held prisoner in far-off Siberia by the Russians. He sent supplies and a letter, the spirit of which is as follows: “Do not let the Russians involve you in any exchange of prisoners, for then you will have to go back to Austria, or perhaps to Germany, and be forced to fight Americans. Don’t let them do that if you can help it; but stay where you are, and we will send you supplies until you can come to Amer- ica.” Scores of similar cases are reaching the Red Cross. In war times it is the only or- ganization which can conduct what is really the single international post-office and cable office for prisoners of war in the world. It is extending this communication and infor- mation service constantly. It is at work all the time gathering data about the American dead, wounded, and missing on this side of No Man's Land—and about the prisoners on the other. The War Department undertakes to send to the nearest of kin only the bare fact that an American soldier has been killed, wounded, missing, or taken prisoner. The Red Cross, on application, supplements this by obtaining details and data. It thus performs a service of inestimable value to relations at home. - - Likewise any “enemy alien” in the United States can get a message of reassurance to a relative in the Central Empires through the Red Cross, if the message is legitimate. In recognition of this work, the German government grants the Red Cross similar privileges regarding American prisoners of war in Germany, the nature of which can not be revealed at this time. Department of Supplies Established at Headquarters. Increasing demands made upon the Amer- ican Red Cross in supplying needs of war sufferers abroad as well as comforts for American soldiers in this country and France has necessitated the establishment of a Department of Supplies at Red Cross Headquarters. Marvin B. Pool, manager of the Chicago house of Butler Brothers, has been secured as a volunteer to organize the new department. : Mr. Pool has been associated with firm of Butler Brothers in Chicago for the past eighteen years, as superintendent, as- sistant manager and manager, succeeding Homer A. Stillwell as manager when the latter became president of the firm. Mr. Pool was selected because of his long and successful experience with one of the largest wholesale jobbing houses in the country; one which merchandises some fifty thousand different items. Assisting Mr. Pool is a staff of expe- rienced business men, each in charge of a bureau of the department. Frank B. Gif- ford, for fifteen years director of purchases for the Armour Company, Chicago, is Di- rector of the Bureau of Purchases. With the further organization of the work he will have the assistance of expert buyers in the many lines in which the Red Cross is now buying. - - L. C. Rodeno, of New York, who has been engaged in transportation work in this the country for the past ten years, is Director of the Bureau of Transportation, with Clyde A. Pratt, of New York, executive secretary Information as to Needs for Red Cross Supplies Must Come from National Headquarters. General Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force, has sent word to the Paris Headquarters of the American Red Cross that one of the chap- ters has written direct to individual officers in France for information with regard to certain specified articles which would be useful for their men. - In the course of his communication with Paris Headquarters General Pershing said: “The information as to the needs of the American troops for such things as the Red Cross supplies can be readily ascertained by the Red Cross through regular channels, and it is thought that less confusion will ensue if this manner of handling the mat- ter is adopted.” - - - - In accordance with the request of the Commander-in-Chief, as transmitted by Major Perkins in his cable, it will be under- stood by chapters that all needs of the army in foreign service will be communi- cated by the proper authorities represent- ing the army to the Paris Headquarters of the American Red Cross, which in turn will communicate these needs direct to the Na- tional Headquarters. - - Should any officer write directly to a chapter at home for supplies for men in his command, such request should be referred immediately to National Headquarters in order that there shall be such cooperation with General Pershing as the Commander- in-Chief desires. - Of the War Relief Clearing House, as man- ager of the New York export warehouses. E. B. Mower, a Chicago business man, is Associate Director of the Bureau of Stores and Chapter Supplies. H. E. Loveday, one of the auditors of the Chicago Telephone Company, is office manager for the Depart- ment and will have charge of the account- ing system for the Department. A refugee home for Seventy women and twelve babies has been opened by the American Red Cross in Milan. A new can- teen for refugees in that city is feeding 230 daily. . . . 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Of Higher Divisional Executives 59 Per Cent Are Women. Out of 255 executives in the fourteen division offices of the American Red Cross, 150, or 59 per cent, are women,_according to a canvass which has just been made. These figures apply only to those holding important executive positions in the divi- sion offices and do not include any chapter officials. It was further shown that 56 per cent of these executives are volunteers, serving without remuneration. The division form of organization has been in effect only since the appointment of the Red Cross War Council and was found necessary because of the tremendous growth of the activities and operations of the Red Cross brought about by war. The work of the millions of Red Cross members is now directed by the division offices which are intermediaries between na- tional headquarters and the several thousand Red Cross chapters scattered throughout the United States and in foreign countries. Prior to the establishment of the geo- graphical divisions, the operation of the Red Cross was centralized at national head- quarters and the only women in the head- quarters organization were three in the Nursing Bureau and one who was a member of the Central Committee. Since the ap- pointment of the War Council this number has been increased to twelve, and Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt appointed Assistant to the General Manager. - There have recently been established about twenty-five Institutes of Home Serv- ice, which are training schools for Red Cross Home Service workers who will as- sist the families of soldiers and sailors. There are two executive positions in each of these Institutes and the number of men and women are practically equal. These have not been included in the above figures. “In the selection of officials to conduct various activities,” said Harvey D. Gibson, General Manager, “the policy is to obtain the most efficient available person best quali- fied for that particular work. These ap- pointments have been made regardless of politics, sex or religion.” Some Help for Brave Little Hos= pitals in France. From the Red Cross Dollar in France, by Howard Copeland, in the Yale Review, January, 1918. In villages too small to have boasted be- fore the war anything so pretentious as a local branch of One of the French Red Cross societies, the village priest or some promi- nent farmer of the region would, perhaps, call a meeting, and in their enthusiasm to do something for France, the villagers would pledge themselves to support a hospital of a dozen, or perhaps a score, of beds. The prime mover becomes the director and the various wives and daughters are nurses, laundresses, and cooks. It matters not that these sturdy people pledged themselves to a war of three or four months, and the war has now gone on more than three years; they almost always still stick to the work. This little establishment is called officially a “bénévole” hospital. Our task of distributing Red Cross wares to hospitals such as these is a very easy one. It is just: “Bon soir, Monsieur le Cure; here are some warm woollens for your wounded men to put on when they are well enough to be about. Here are some ban- dages, all sealed in these sterilized tin boxes. No, there is nothing at all to pay; thou- sands of women have been knitting them and making them for you over in America, thousands of miles away. No, there are no thanks due to us from you. other way around; it's we who thank you for all the work you have been doing for us here in France these three years and more.” - And the old cure, or the rustic village mayor, looking bewildered as the beautiful flannels, bed linen, and bandages roll out from the automobile, crosses himself piously and stares at me in a kind of speechless awe as if I were a messenger straight out of the sky. Blue-clad men in bandages hobble out of the kitchen, their potato-paring or their dish-washing still in evidence, the whole establishment like one large friendly family begin to press my hand, and I am off across country towards another hospital twenty miles away before the wonderful wares have been comprehended. American Ambulance Drivers Impress Italian Officers. The following cablegram from Italy, dated February 1, has been received at National Headquarters: - Major Guy, Lowell, returning today fro the front, reports that all three American Red Cross sections are busy carrying wounded from stations near the firing line. The American drivers, he says, are all well and showing fine spirit. They are making excellent impressions on the Italian officers. Recent air raids on moonlight nights have cost the lives of many civilians. Major Lowell, who was present yesterday at the funeral of Richard Fairfield and Wil- liam Pratt, the two Americans attached to the British ambulance who were killed while standing before the hospital, says a splendid It’s all the -r. tribute was paid to them by the Italian officers. The men received a military funeral, the Italian officers in charge speaking feel- ingly of the sacrifice made by these two young men who were the first Americans killed on the Italian front since the United States entered the war. Htalian Government Manifests Its Appreciation. There have been many expressions of ap- preciation on the part of the Italian Gov- ernment for the relief work carried on in Italy by the American Red Cross. A con- crete example of this appreciation is the presentation to the Red Cross of a com- modious villa for its headquarters. This villa is an attractive building of about thirty rooms situated in the high Ludovisi quarter not far from the ministry of War and the American Embassy. Count Della Somaglia, President of the Italian Red Cross, and Marchesa Pallavi- cino, head of the Genoa Branch, visited, a few days ago, in their official capacity, the large new rest station recently established at Genoa. They expressed the deepest re- gard for this latest addition to the activities inaugurated by the American Red Cross. The visit was made the occasion, also, for the expression of official appreciation and satisfaction over the work in general done by the American Red Cross throughout Italy; and of the effective cooperation be- tween the American and Italian Red Cross. Real Coffee, Cinnamon Buns and Cheese. That canteen work is appreciated almost as much by the parents of our soldiers as by the soldiers themselves the following let- te?" aftests : Webberville, Michigan, - January 28, 1918. Chairman Red Cross, - - Washington, D. C. Pear Sir: - We are in receipt of a postal from our boy, an employee of Chapin-Sacks Mfg. Company of this place, until he joined the Colors, worded as follows: “Washington, D. C. January 25, 1918. “Red Cross just passed us some real coffee, cinnamon buns, and cheese. Gee, they tasted good. Have been on the road since Saturday, this is Friday, still going.” We wish to take this means of showing that the folks at home appreciate what the Patriotic Americans are doing, to look after our boys, and thanking you, we remain, Yours very truly, - MR, AND MRs. JAMES FRASER. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 THE AMERICAN RED CROSS - NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooDROW WILSON ROBERT W. DE FOREST Johs SKELTON WILLIAMs John W. DAVIS STOCKTon AxSON • * s 6 e º a s e º e s is a • * * e s sº * * * Treasurer Counselor • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Secretary • a e s is e e s tº e º 'º º 'º WILLIAMTHowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON & sº a s e º e < * * * • e & e º ºs e º º & Red Cross War Council gay Appoint MENT o THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES • * * * * * * * * * * * * Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON CHARLEs D. NoFTON JoHN D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH Enrolling the Schools. Between February 12th and 22d, a period marked out from the whole year by the anniversaries of America's two national heroes—Lincoln and Washington—a tremen- dous effort will be made to enroll every one of the 360,000 schools of the country as a Junior Auxiliary of the American Red Cross. This effort will be to bring the Red Cross to the schools to make sure that every teacher and pupil knows what the Red Cross is doing in the world today; and how they . can give their full patriotic service in the simplest way which is through the medium of the Red Cross School Auxiliaries. The enrollment week is an immediate re- sult of the Advisory Conference held in Washington on January 7th and 8th, when many prominent educators and representa- tives of the Government Departments deal- ing with school children met with Red Cross executives to discuss the scope and future development of the Red Cross Junior Mem- bership and School Activities. The dele- gates endorsed the movement as the most available instrument for educating children to citizenship and for converting the energy stimulated by present day events into con- structive service. - The United States Department of Agri- culture, the Food Administration, the War Savings Committee of the U. S. Treasury, all expressed their intention of carrying on their work with school children through the machinery of the Red Cross School Auxil- iaries. Thus the Junior Membership has added to its former service a new function—that of translating the campaigns of these different departments into terms of simple action, adapted to the educational program of the schools. In the light of these developments, the Conference delegates urged that every school in the country be enrolled as an Aux- iliary as soon as possible, in order that all American children might be mobilized in one body to serve their country under the combined emblems of the Stars and Stripes and the Red Cross. - -- - During enrollment week in the schools a different lesson hour will every day be de- voted to the study of the great war, the reasons for which it is being fought, and the part that the American Red Cross is taking in it. The week will open with a Lincoln's birthday celebration, which will feature an appreciation of Lincoln, the story of how the American Red Cross grew out of the Civil War, and the presentation to the school of a Junior Red Cross poster on which the record of enrollment is to be kept. Each of the six following school days will be devoted to the Red Cross through a different lesson—History, Geography, Eng- lish, Civics and Manual Training. The week will culminate, on the day before Washing- ton’s birthday, in the official recording of the School's enrollment on the service pos- ter, the repetition of a Red Cross pledge of membership. - Every state and county school superin- tendent who has been approached on the subject of the enrollment week has given it his hearty endorsement and active assistance. On the Honorary Advisory Committee for Enrollment stand the names of the most prominent figures in educational movements in this country. Everywhere that the Junior Membership idea has been introduced it has - met the tremendous support of the school children themselves. Backed by the school system, the Red Cross, and the enthusiasm of 22,000,000 children, the J unior Red Cross can not fail to go “Over the Top” with 360,000 Auxiliaries between Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays. —-4- Two Internal Revenue Rulings Favorable to Red Cross. Mr. Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, authorizes the following state- qment: - The United States Commissioner of In- ternal Revenue has recently made two rul- ings of importance to the Red Cross and its activities. Under date of January 7, 1918, the Commissioner has ruled that con- tributions made to the American Red Cross for the year 1917 are deductible to an amount not in excess of fifteen per cent of the taxpayers taxable net income as pro- vided in Par. 9 of Section 5 of the Act of September 8, 1916, as amended, and which amendment is commonly known as the Hol- lis amendment. This also applies to contri- butions made for the year 1918. In the ruling the Commissioner holds that the Red Cross is organized and operated so as to fulfill the requirements of the paragraph of the statute mentioned. - By a ruling dated December 29th, the Commissioner holds that, after careful con- sideration, of the nature of the organization of the scope of the duties and functions of the American Red Cross that it is such a governmental agency as to entitle it to the privilege of withdrawing supplies or arti- cles subject to internal revenue tax free of such tax under the provisions of the rev- enue statutes. . This will enable the Red Cross to with- draw tobacco, proprietary articles and other supplies that are taxable under the provi- sion of the Internal Revenue law without the payment of a tax and will, therefore, make available for relief purposes a larger portion of its funds. Paris Notes. Members of the English Society of Friends are to cooperate in the work of the dis- pensary at No. 12, rue Boissy d'Anglas, formerly part of the organization of the American Hotel for Refugees, but now under the direction of Dr. Richard C. Cabot, of the Bureau of Refugees and Re- lief. The staff of this dispensary now num- bers twenty. Dr. Maynard Ladd, Director of the work of the Childrens' Bureau in the Meurthe and Moselle, reports the opening of two new dispensaries at a town where there has been urgent need of a health center. A com- manding officer has lent two rooms in the local barracks for one of these dispensaries. The dispensary service to six towns in the vicinity of Nancy cared for 132 cases in five days recently. - 4 * T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN A Letter of Thanks from the Sec= retary of State. - A letter from the Department of State, of which the following is a copy, speaks for itself: American Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: The Department of State desires to ex- press its thanks to the American National Red Cross for the immediate, practical, and thorough assistance rendered by the Red Cross to the Guatemalan earthquake Suf- ferers, which is especially gratifying to the Department because of the proof which Guatemala has given of its cooperation with the United States in the war. The Department attaches great impor- tance to the aid thus furnished by the Red Cross. - I am, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, (Signed) FRANK. S. Polk, Acting Secretary of State. Will Give Relatives Details Casualties at the Front. of To give relatives of American soldiers details of casualties at the front, the Amer- ican Red Cross has organized at national headquarters a Bureau of Communication, of which William R. Castle, Jr., formerly Assistant Dean of Harvard College and Editor of the Harvard Graduates’ Maga- zine, is director. This Bureau supplements in a personal and humanitarian way the reports of the Statistical Division of the War Department which gives to relatives official notice when a soldier is reported killed, wounded or missing. The anxiety which naturally results from the official report to relatives that a soldier has been “wounded” or is “missing” will as far as possible be dispelled by the Bureau which will advise in detail the nature and extent of the wound, and will gather evi- dence from comrades in arms and at the hospitals and rest camps regarding those reported “missing.” - Any information of interest or consola- tion to relatives thus obtained will be trans- mitted to them through personal letters, while messages from the wounded will be conveyed through this same agency. The information on which the Bureau will base its reports is gathered through a central office in Paris, under the direction of E. Gerry Chadwick, of New York, aided by the Rev. Robert Davis, of Englewood, N. J., and thirty assistants stationed at the base hospitals and rest camps to which soldiers are generally returned following important engagements. With the increase of the American forces and participation in the war, this number will have to be greatly increased. The in- formation will for the most part be for- warded from the Paris office to this country by mail. For the present the Bureau is reporting on all cases that come to its attention. How- ever, it is probable that with the increase of reports from the front, information will be sent only to relatives requesting it, ex- cept in cases of those imprisoned or re- ported “missing.” There is a Red Cross service in Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany and Aus- tria. In the London office of the British Red Cross, more than two hundred women are constantly employed in communicating with relatives of soldiers and their card index already covers more than three million cases reported on. - The Bureau will receive through the In- ternational Red Cross office at Geneva, Switzerland, the list of American prisoners supplied officially by the German govern- ment. In cases of imprisonment, the Bu- reau reports to relatives, after which the case is referred to the Red Cross Bureau of American Prisoners Relief, of which Franklin Abbott is director. The American Red Cross Committee in Berne sends each American prisoner, every two weeks, three ten-pound food packages. These subsistent stores are provided by the government and the American Red Cross. A sufficient quantity of supplies is now on the way to Switzerland to care for 10,000 American prisoners for a period of six months. This Bureau is also the sole agency licensed by the War Trade Board to trans- mit money to American and Allied prison- ers in Germany. Supervising Fifteen Separate Re= lief Activities in Venice. The following information was obtained from a cablegram to National Headquar- ters dated February 6, from Rome: Venice is now deserted by 80,000 people,_ or rather more than half its normal popula- tion. Such civilians as remain are poor and deprived of their usual means of livelihood. Living in the shadow of war, within sound of the guns, the condition of the people would be pitiable beyond description were it not for the effective aid of local authori- ties and Italian Societies which are work- ing hand in hand with the American Red Cross. . - Under the superintendency of the Ameri- can Red Cross, or its support, relief activi- ties in and around Venice have grown to large proportions. These include three Free Kitchens—where two thousand are fed daily;-Free Dispensary for sick babies; three Children’s Homes, taking daily care of about three hundred children of soldiers at the front, as well as agencies for giving employment for those made destitute by war, and other agencies for distribution of clothing. Skins from Gizzards of Chickens Practically Worthless. The following is an extract from a letter to ex-President Taft from Mrs. C. R. Weaks, of Water Valley, Kentucky. Many letters have been received at Headquarters of similar import. “In some magazine I read that the Red Cross physicians need some medicines that we housewives could supply. One thing was that we should save the skins from the gizzards of chickens as these were used to make pepsin—which was needed—and that it was worth $40 a pound. Is this true? We have been saving them here and do not know where to send them.” Under date of February 5th, this answer was sent to Mrs. Weaks by the Medical Advisory Committee: “Dear Mrs. Weaks: Your letter of Janu- ary 27th to Mr. Taft in regard to the value of Chicken Gizzards, has been re- ferred to this office for reply. - “It is true that the lining membrane of the gizzard of the chicken contains digest- ive ferment called Ingluvin, but it is not worth forty dollars ($40.00) a pound, and in fact is practically worthless as the call for this ferment is very small and the large packing houses and drug supply people have large quantities in stock. “We appreciate your interest and regret that you have been put to the trouble of Saving Chicken Gizzards because it is a waste of time.” A grant of 50,000 francs has been made through the Bureau of Reconstruction and Relief, to the “Pepiniere Nationale,” which will expend it in setting out 40,000 fruit trees in the devastated orchards in the north. . The Bureau of Refugees and Relief has made arrangements with three French or— ganizations to have four unfinished apart- ment buildings completed January 15. These will provide lodging in Paris for 166 refugee families. The Red Cross will provide the necessary furniture. THE RE D CROSS AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II FEBRUARY 18, 1918 No. 8 Military Importance of Red Cross Civilian Relief in France Told by Medical Expert That one of the most important tasks of the American Red Cross is to keep up the morale of the French people as a whole, through civilian relief work, is the message brought back to America by Dr. James Alexander Miller, head of the medical com— mission which the Rockefeller Foundation sent abroad last summer, and chairman of the medical committee of the Civil Affairs Department of the Red Cross in France. Addressing the national war council of the American Red Cross in Washington, Dr. Miller stated frankly that the French peo- ple are fighting largely on their nerve and that they need tangible evidence of Ameri- ca’s efforts to help them. To date, the bur- den of supplying the bulk of this tangible evidence has fallen upon the American Red Cross, especially in connection with its work with civilians. - “What’s the Use?” He explained that if a French soldier “on leave” arrived home and found his family suffering it depressed and discouraged him so that when he returned to the trenches he would carry with him the feeling of “What’s the use? Is it worth while after all to hang grimly on and keep up a fight that seems to have no end?” Fortunately, and through the work which the men and women in the Civil Affairs Department of the Red Cross are carrying on, this feeling today is rapidly disappear- ing. But, Dr. Miller insisted, the work of aiding the families of the men in the trenches must be kept up. One of the most encouraging features of the campaign, according to the speaker, was the willingness of the French people to co- operate with their American brothers. This spirit of the French people, as he explained it, might be compared to that of the Ameri- can soldier toward the French veterans who assisted our first detachment of troops in mastering the methods of modern warfare. There was the same hungry eagerness to learn—the same fervid desire to accomplish the things, so essential to the winning of the war. - . . . . This spirit on the part of the French peo- ple was particularly noticeable, he said, in the campaign which the civilian workers of the American Red Cross and the Rocke- feller Commission are conducting to stamp Out tuberculosis in France. In this connection Dr. Miller added that although a great deal of the information concerning the spread of tuberculosis in France was exaggerated, at the same time the death rate in Paris and the other large cities was sufficiently large to merit the most vigorous kind of combat. The French health officials and the French people as a whole are keenly conscious of this fact, how- ever, and although they resent some of the stories that have been circulated concerning the extent of the disease in their country, they are at the same time thoroughly aroused to the menace that it holds for them, and keenly appreciative of the help which America is giving them to stamp it Out. The campaign which the American Red Cross and the Rockefeller Commission have instituted against tuberculosis in France has for its foundation three things: (1) dis- pensary work; (2) the education of nurses to visit the homes of sufferers, and (3) edu- cational propaganda work among the people as a whole. Poverty Not Prevalent Dr. Miller said that this work was not so difficult to institute and carry on as had first been imagined, as poverty is not ram- pant in France, and the majority of the people, when guided properly, are well able to help themselves. For the most part wages are high, and work exists for prac- tically everybody. So the menace of pov- erty has been largely eliminated. The securing of buildings for dispensary and hospital work was one of the greatest difficulties encountered in the anti-tubercu- losis campaign, for all building operations in France ceased when the war started. The American Red Cross solved this phase of the problem, however, by taking over several hundred unfinished apartment build- ings and finishing them, Supplying both the money and labor necessary for this work. Coincident with the work which is going on to check tuberculosis among the adults of France, children’s dispensaries and in- fant welfare stations are being built. This work of preventing the spread of the disease among the children goes hand-in-hand with the adult work, and is regarded by Dr. Miller as “the best” that is being done in France today. • . . . . . The French people have tackled the chil- dren’s campaign with a vim and have gotten out the most elaborate, interesting and re- Sult-producing set of posters and educa- tional propaganda that have ever been pre- pared in any campaign against tuberculosis. The campaign bids fair not only to reduce the infant mortality of the nation, but to brighten the hopes of expectant mothers and thereby have its salutatory effect on the next generation. Canceled Postage Stamps Have No Use in Red Cross Work. Don’t waste time and energy saving can- celed postage stamps for the Red Cross. Somebody, somewhere, has started one of those pleasant but likely-to-be-annoying fic- tions concerning the value of postage stamps which have served their original purpose. This time the idea spread abroad is that the American Red Cross has devised a method of extracting the dyes from the canceled stamps and putting the dyes to practical use. There is nothing more in the scheme than a figment of someone's imag- ination; but the Post Office Department - reports that several bags of old stamps have accumulated through the good will of per- sons who have thought they were doing something to help win the war. Within the last two weeks, also, scores of letters have been received at Red Cross headquarters, from persons asking information regarding the matter. " . . . . . The Red Cross wishes to advertise, as widely as possible, the absolute falsity Of the report that used postage stamps have any value through the extraction of the dyes contained in them.' * * * * * * 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN Permanent Commission to Italy Is Made Up of Men of Wide Experience. The men constituting the Permanent Com- mission to Italy of the American Red Cross were appointed by the War Council in Washington. They are men of wide expe- rience. They not only serve without any pay but pay all their own expenses. The American Red Cross Commissioner in Italy is Lieut. Colonel Robert P. Per- kins. He is the President of one of the largest industrial organizations of the United States, a manufacturer and business executive of wide experience, who has been identified with important educational and philanthropic movements, president of the Neurological Institute of New York, for- mer officer of the House of Refuge, and director of one of the largest New York banks. He is an enthusiastic yachtsman of international reputation. Upon the entrance of America into the war he presented his yacht to his government and at the same time offered his own services for war duty. Major James Byrne, Deputy Commis- sioner, is a Regent of the University of the State of New York, a lawyer of national reputation, Vice-President of the State Bar Association of New York, and officer of numerous legal societies. Major Byrne re- tired from his profession to become a mem- ber of the American Red Cross Commission to Italy. . Major Joseph Collins, M.D., Deputy Com- missioner, is one of the best known physi- cians of New York. He is a major in the Medical Corps of the United States reserve officers. For five years he was attending physician of the New York City Hospital. He is the founder and former physician to the Neurological Institute, former president of the American Neurological Association, and from 1899 to 1906 was professor of Neurology in the Post Graduate Medical School, New York. He is the author of numerous medical works, including “The Faculty of Speech,” a Textbook of Nervous Diseases, etc. . . Major Samuel L. Fuller, Deputy Com- missioner, is a prominent New York banker, who has been identified with the organiza- tion, financing and management of numer- ous large industrial corporations in the United States. He is a member of the Board of Managers of the Manhattan State Hospital of New York. - Major Guy Lowell, Deputy Commissioner, is the author of a book on the architecture of Italian villas, which is the authoritative * * * , work on that subject, and which was illus- trated by Captain Edgar I. Williams, an- other member of the Commission. Major Lowell is a celebrated architect who has designed many important buildings in the United States. He is the architect of sev- eral large hospitals, schools and public mu- seums. He studied in Italy and at the Beaux Arts in Paris. He is a trustee of Simmons College and a trustee of Lowell Astronomical Observatory. - Major Chester H. Aldrich, Deputy Com- missioner, who has long been a friend of Italians in the United States, is an architect of national reputation, who has designed several large hospitals and settle- ments houses. A recent large settlement house of which Major Aldrich is the archi- tect is in the Italian quarter of New York, and he is the director of the Society for Italian immigration and the founder and supporter of the Home for Convalescent Italian Boys in New York. He studied architecture in Italy and at the Beaux Arts, Paris. Major Lightner Witmer, Ph.D., Deputy Commissioner, is the Professor of Psychol- ogy and Director of the Psychological Lab- oratory and Clinic of the University of Pennsylvania Hospital and Dispensary. He is the editor of a scientific journal entitled the “Psychological Clinic,” and is a member of the American Psychological Society, the National Educational Association, and other scientific societies. A few years ago Major Witmer spent some time in Rome for the purpose of studying the model tenements of the Beni Stabili. On the American Red Cross Commission Major Witmer is desig- nated Director of Social Service. Major Thomas L. Robinson, Deputy Com- missioner, is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of one of the large rubber com- panies of the United States, and director in various banking and mercantile institu- tions He was chairman of the Committee which organized the Youngstown, Ohio, base hospital; life trustee of the City Hospital of Youngstown, and is identified with sev- eral patriotic societies in America and with Societies for the improvement of the condi- tion of laboring men. Captain Julius Roth, who has charge of stores and transportation, has had wide ex- perience in these matters. Captain William R. Hereford has since the beginning of the war been the executive head in New York of the American Am- bulance Hospital in Paris, and the New York representative of the American Am- bulance Field Service, which for three years has rendered distinguished service to the French Armies and is now a part of the their organization. United States Army in France. Captain Hereford is an author and journalist who has had wide experience in Europe. Captain Louis A. Davis, general secre- tary of the Commission, was formerly sec- retary of a large Trust Company in Phila- delphia. Captain Edgar I. Williams is by profes- Sion an architect. He studied in Rome. Captain Regis H. Post, who will have to do with the Ambulance Service, is a former Governor of Porto Rico and was Adjutant of the Ambulance Service of the American Ambulance Hospital in Paris. - Lieutenant Edward M. McKey is a por- trait painter who during this war has seen Service with the American Ambulance Field Service in France. Lieutenant Gardiner Penniman is well known in America as a sportsman and auto- mobilist. He will have to do with the Am- bulance Service. Four women accompanied the Commission to Rome. They are: Mrs. Alice McK. Kelly, who for many years was a superintendent of education in the Philippine Islands; Miss Sara Shaw, a trained nurse of long expe- rience, well known to the medical profes- Sion in America, who has been assistant di- rector of nursing at one of the largest New York City hospitals; Miss Sylvia Coney, a graduate of the Domestic Science Depart- ment of Columbia University; and Miss Sophie Foote, who lived for many years in Rome, and who has had much experience as a social worker among the Italian popula- tion of New York. Many Native Filipino Children Ac- tive Junior Members. The American Red Cross has 4,576 Junior members in the Philippines, of whom all but two or three hundred are natives. This is in spite of the fact that it is difficult to stir up any interest among native children in war relief or any other charitable activities as they know so little of world conditions beyond their own small home “barrio” (vil- lage). - These Red Cross Juniors work hard for the soldiers. They make handkerchiefs, splint pads, quilts, ice bag covers, bags for crushing ice, strings for pajamas, and bed socks. In addition they have sent $100 to Washington for a patron membership for They have also con- tributed $80 to feed hungry Belgian chil- dren. ... . . : T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL H E A D QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WOODROW WILSON ROBERT W. DE FOREST John SKELTON WILLIAMs John W. DAVIS STOCKTo N Axson President . . . Vice-President • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Treasurer * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * Counselor • * tº e e º 'º - - - - e º a Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON * e e s ∈ e = * * * * General Manager - - tº tº • *, * * * * Red Cross War Council BY AP POINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio HENRY P. DAVISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHARLEs D. Norton John D. RYAN WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSworTH Junior Members to Design Furni- ture for Red Cross Houses. The following telegram has been sent by I) r. H. N. MacCracken, Director Junior Membership, to all Division Managers of the Junior Red Cross, under date of February 12th. - Please submit the following at once to your Chapters: As an example of one of the many fine opportunities for helpful war service await- ing Junior members American Red Cross, give wide and immediate publicity to an- nouncement that Red Cross is planning to build at once, in connection with base hos- pital attached to each cantonment, a con- valescent home to be called the Red Cross House. This house must necessarily be at- tractively furnished in order to serve effec- tively its purpose and complete as quickly and happily as possible the recovery of convalescent soldiers to full vigor of body and mind. - ---, To our Junior Members is given the pa- triotic and pleasant task of making, and in some measure also of designing, the furni- ture which will be placed in the Red Cross House of the nearest cantonment. As a preliminary study in designing these items, arrange through chapter school committees for submission of designs by school boys of the following typical pieces of furniture that will be used in one of the Red Cross Houses: Demountable reading table six feet by two feet six, able to be knocked down for easy storage; a bench of similar design to slip under table, four feet six long; stools for table ends of similar design. Arrange small local committee of women to select best designs to be mailed to National Headquar- ters through Division Director. Designs accepted will be appropriately acknowledged in official Red Cross Bulletin or Magazine, and prizes awarded to winning students. Several designs will be accepted. Important to get facts at once before schools and wide publicity in local papers to create immediate and vigorous personal interest in the plan to see that neighboring Red Cross House is attractively furnished by school boys. Obtain also from school committee, immediately, list of schools and number of scholars in each chapter com- petent to handle orders for manual training. Success in this first order will bring other work as reward. Henry J. Allen to go to France Again on Red Cross Work. Henry J. Allen, owner and editor of the Wichita (Kansas) Beacon, whose platform services in behalf of the Red Cross have been of great value, has left for France to take charge of certain Red Cross work in the interest of the American soldiers. He goes to join the ranks of volunteer workers, at the special request of Major Grayson M.-P. Murphy, former Red Cross Commis- Sioner to Europe and now on General Pershing's staff. Major Murphy was im- pressed with his qualifications to undertake this service which was planned during Mr. Allen’s visit to the theatre of war last SUIQIYler. Mr. Allen went to France on the former occasion with a commission whose duty it was to study conditions pertaining to the Red Cross work in general. On his return to the United States he spoke for two weeks for the Y. M. C. A. “Drive” and then joined Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the Red Cross War Council. He completed with him the 16,000 mile tour of the country, speaking in the various cities visited. The new duties which Mr. Allen will un- dertake in France embrace the organization of a service that will bring the Red Cross work still closer to the men in the United States Army. Some of the personnel that is to engage in this service is already on the ground, and other workers will follow shortly. New Bureau Created. George W. Peck, of the American Tele- phone & Telegraph Company of New York, has accepted the position of Director of the recently created Bureau of Entertainments and Benefits, which is a part of the Bureau *a- —º of Development. volunteer. The offices of the new bureau will be at National Headquarters Branch, 222 Fourth Avenue, New York City. - Mr. Peck will serve as a Paris Notes. The Red Cross assisted the French Com- mittee in a town in which one of the large American aviation training camps is located, with the Christmas celebration. This con- Sisted of a musical entertainment, Christmas tree, presents, and a banquet. A school for canteen workers has been established at the Women’s Club, 8 rue Cambon. In this school advice is given as to how to meet the various conditions that arise at canteens, as, for instance, how to change French money. Lessons in French are given as well. When two Red Cross women workers learned, recently, that 150 American troop- ers were about to pass through the town in which their canteen was located, they im- mediately obtained a supply of fresh eggs and were prepared to serve all the Ameri- cans with fried eggs—in addition to the regular canteen fare—upon their arrival. They had had only forty minutes' warning. Dr. Burlingame of the Medical Division of the Department of Military Affairs, has just returned from an inspection trip into the south of France for the purpose of lo- cating a site for a convalescent hospital for American soldiers. - - The first number of a monthly Ameri- can Red Cross Bulletin in French was is- sued last month in Paris. It was distributed to members of the Red Cross, the French press and many French Organizations. The Bulletin is in charge of M. Firmin Roz. Mr. Chadwick, head of the Bureau of Casualties, has made arrangements to take care of all requests for information regard- ing the Army Personnel which comes ad- dressed to the Red Cross. Department Heads are requested to forward to him all letters of inquiry on the subject. In the effort to conserve paper it is re- quested that both sides of sheets be used wherever possible, with narrow margins and single space instead of double space. The elimination of unnecessary correspon- . . . dence and the substitution of memorandum sheets for full sheets is suggested also. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Civilian Relief in France Shows Marked Progress in January. Civil relief in France, under direction of the American Red Cross, made marked progress in January, according to a report from Major James H. Perkins, American Red Cross Commissioner in France. The report is a review of the month's work of the Red Cross Department of Civil Affairs in France, of which Homer Folks is the director. It shows how effectively American generosity is being applied to the task of caring for the French refugees and repatriés, of rehabilitating the maimed and crippled, of ministering to the victims of tuberculosis and other diseases contracted in the war. Staff of 448 Persons The staff of the Department of Civil Af- fairs now numbers 448 persons and does direct work in 86 French cities and villages. It has established nine civilian hospitals, with a total capacity of 974 beds, 36 dis- pensaries, and dispensary stations. Fifty- one delegates and assistants are helping to re-establish in French homes the 600 and more repatriés who flow into France daily from the occupied areas of France and Belgium. In six districts which cover the devastated areas, warehouses have been established from which clothing, tools, and food are distributed to the returning population. This does not include the American Friends’ Unit, which has 140 members at twelve stations working under Red Cross direction; or the Smith College Unit, which has seven- teen members at Grecourt who are now a part of the Red Cross. 500 Acre Farm Thirty-one new centers of direct work were established in January, and the staff was increased by 86 persons. Two new hospitals and eight new dispensaries were opened; 21 repatriate delegates were sént; one new district was added in the devastat- ed area; and a farm of 500 acres near Tours was obtained for agricultural re-education of mutilés (cripples). Medical examination was given to 17,827 civilians, chiefly chil- dren, including the 11,402 repatriate children. examined at Evian. “Medical care in hos- pitals was given to 978. Hospital relief was given weekly to 800 tuberculosis pa- tients in Paris. Instruments, food, clothing, and books valued at 202,517 francs were distributed to fifty-four hospitals outside of Paris. One hundred and seventy-five fam- ilies were re-housed in Paris. . . . . Clothes and Money Articles distributed to refugees and shipped to devastated areas include 43,978 articles of clothing, 11,902 pairs of shoes, 748 articles of furniture, 7,700 pounds of foodstuffs, 43,994 articles of bedding, 26,406 yards of cloth, 8,448 articles unclassifiable. Grants to other organizations in money totaled 433,295 francs, of which 227,366 francs was for refugees, 98,575 francs for tuberculosis, 50,000 francs for the relief and reconstruction of devastated areas, 35,221 francs for children, and 22,132 francs for mutilés. Eliot Wadsworth goes Abroad to Study Conditions. Eliot Wadsworth, Vice-Chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, and ex-officio member of the War Council has arrived in France. He will re- main abroad for about two months, visiting the scenes of Red Cross activity in France, Italy and England. As a part of the policy of keeping the Red Cross administration headquarters in Washington thoroughly in- formed regarding actual conditions where the field work is being carried on, it is planned to have the higher officials of the Organization make trips abroad from time to time. In every instance these officials will pay all of their own expenses of travel and maintenance. Puring the absence of Mr. Wadsworth, Joseph R. Hamlen will be acting Vice- Chairman. Łouis J. Horowitz Resigns. Louis J. Horowitz, Director of the De- partment of Foreign Relief, has advised the War Council that the important Gov- ernment work on which he is engaged makes necessary his resignation from Red Cross activities. • George W. Hill, Assistant Director of the Department of Foreign Relief, has been selected to fill the position of Director as successor to Mr. Horowitz. A Correction. The Red Cross Bulletin stated last week that any “enemy alien” in the United States could send a message to a relative in the Central Empires through the American Red Cross. This is incorrect. The Red Cross is authorized to act for interned “enemy aliens” in this way, but not for others, S. W. Harper, of Wheeling, West Vir- ginia, has been appointed an additional Associate Director of the Bureau of Per- sonnel and will serve as a volunteer. Band Escort at 2 A. M. for Some Tuscania Survivors. William Endicott, A. R. C. Commissioner to England, sends word to National Head- quarters, by cable, under date of February 14th, that the A. R. C. representatives have just returned to the Rest Camp in England with the final detachment of the survivors of the torpedoed Tuscania. These repre- sentatives had taken the first train out of London to the scene of the disaster and had stayed by the rescued men until the Rest Camp was reached. They rendered them all the assistance possible; advanced money for the purchase of necessities and comforts, and made cash advances to the officers for their own and their men's use. At whatever place there was a Tuscania survivor these men ap- peared; every sick man was visited and his wants ministered to. The cable continues: “Too much praise cannot be given for the hospitality, kindness and assistance ren- dered by the Irish people of all ranks— military and civil. Commander-in-Chief, Irish command and staff present Sunday morning at the departure of the largest detachment. Colonel commanding staff and band turned out at two o'clock in the morn- ing to escort some survivors to station. “Greatest enthusiasm and good feeling everywhere. American Red Cross provided dinner for I4. Officers and 78 men in London Monday evening on the arrival of the con- tingent coming through London from Ire- land en route to Rest Camp.” Commissioner Endicott was authorized by cable from Washington Headquarters on February 12th to supply officers who sur- vived the sinking of the Tuscania, with uniforms to replace the ones they lost. Under Government regulation the Army does not provide officers with uniforms. Many of the officers, when rescued after the Tuscania was torpedoed, found themselves not only without uniforms but without money with which to purchase them. Under the arrangements devised by the War Council, officers supplied with uniforms by the American Red Cross, are permitted to refund at cost price at their convenience. Dr. Thomas E. Green Associate Di- rector of the Speakers' Bureau. Dr. Thomas E. Green, of Chicago, has been appointed Associate Director of the Speakers Bureau. Dr. Green is a volunteer and will devote his entire time to the Red Cross. He is a well-known lecturer on the Lyceum and Chautauqua platforms. HV J-75 - . . . . . 4. ºt THE | - * *. - - *... . § - s” ... : - *::cs” º - - *.*...*** . #"...a . . . C º $ULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II FEBRUARY 25, 1918 No. 9 Secretary Baker Issues Order in which He Establishes Clearly Relations Between Army and Red Cross in Camps and Cantonments By an order issued by Secretary of War Baker the relations between the American Red Cross and the War Department have been clearly established. The order follows: General Orders: No. 17. WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, February 13, 1918. IV. It is the desire of the Secretary of War, as it should be of all officers of the Army, to do everything possible for the comfort and welfare of the soldiers, and to make use of such agencies as are author- ized and are in a position to contribute to that end, in addition to the provisions made by the Government. The American Red Cross is a body authorized by law to render services of this character. The following general statement outlining certain ap- proved activities of the Red Cross, and methods for carrying them on, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: I. To distribute sweaters, mufflers, hel– mets, socks, comfort kits, etc., and to re- ceive the assistance and cooperation of all officers in making the distribution fair, equal and where most needed. 2. To render emergency relief of every 4-le kind upon the request or suggestion of an officer in charge. All officers are instructed to avail themselves of this assistance when- ever, in their opinion, advisable. should be none the less diligent in attempt— ing to foresee the needs of their depart- ment in order that they may be supplied through regular Government channels. All such requests must be approved by the Com- manding Officer, who will cause a record to be kept of all such articles. 3. To relieve the anxiety and to sustain the morale of soldiers who are worried about their families at home and to pro- mote the comfort and wellbeing of these families, authority is given to the American Red Cross to place one or more repre- Sentatives of the Home Service Bureau of Officers in America. the Department of Civilian Relief at the Service of the men of each Division of the Army wherever located. The soldiers should be informed through official orders of the presence of such representative or repre- Sentatives and that the Red Cross is able and willing to serve both soldiers and their families when in need of any helpful serv- ice. This representative and his assistants will be accredited to the Division Command- er and will be subject to his authority and to military laws and regulations. This rep- resentative of the Red Cross will have the status of an officer in the Army and will be provided quarters when available. Such assistants and clerks as may be necessary will be provided by the American Red Cross and must be males. These assistants and clerks, if any, will have the status of non- commissioned officers. All reports and cor- respondence of this officer will be subject to censorship of the Commanding Officer. 4. To conduct canteen service stations for furnishing refreshments to soldiers when traveling through the country to furnish emergency relief to the sick and wounded when en route and to see that they are con- veyed to a hospital when necessary and re- quested by the Commanding Officer. All commanders of troop trains are advised of this emergency service and are authorized to avail themselves of it whenever, in their Opinion, advisable. Cross may be attached to each base hospital to furnish emergency supplies when called upon, to Communicate with the families of patients to render home service to patients and such other assistance as pertains to Red Cross work. The representative of the Red Cross so assigned, together with his assistants, will be accredited to the Com- manding Officer of the Base Hospital and, will be subject to the same regulations, as to Status, privileges, assistants and censor- ship, as provided in preceding paragraph applying to the representative of the Red Cross assigned to Divisions. - 5. A representative of the American Red 6. In order to render the above outlined Service to the best advantage the accredited chief officer representing the American Red Cross at division headquarters will be a Field Director. 7. Officials of the Red Cross, assigned on duty with the military establishment as out- lined above, will be required to wear the regulation uniform of the American Red Cross, together with the insignia, etc., as approved by the Secretary of War. 8. The Commanding Generals of all can- tonments and national guard encampments and the Commanding Officers of all other encampments or organizations, to which Red Cross representatives may be assigned in accordance with this order, are authorized to furnish to the American Red Cross any- thing that they may request, within reason; such as warehouses, offices, light, heat, tele- phone, etc., in order to enable them to prop- erly carry on the work for which they are assigned. By order of the Secretary of War. JoBIN BIDDLE, Major-General, Acting Chief of Staff. Official: H. P. McCAIN, The Adjutant General. Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the Red Cross War Council, issued the following Statement in connection with the new order: WASHINGTON, D.C., February Mr. H. B. Wallace, - Asst. Director General, Military Relief, American Red Cross Headquarters. Dear Mr. Wallace: I have read with great interest General 19, 1918. Order No. 17, issued by the War Depart- ment under date of February 15th. Cer- tainly this order makes clear thé relationship between the Red Cross and our boys in the camps and, cantonments. I wish to con- gratulate you upon having developed and worked up the program as proposed and approved by the Department. - Doubtless you will immediately take the 2 - - T H E R E D C R O ss B UL LET IN matter up with our Division Managers, call- ing to their especial attention the importance of the work and of effecting an organization which will enable us to render every pos- sible service in this connection. Very truly yours, H. P. DAVISON, Chairman, Red Cross War Council. Harry B. Wallace, Assistant Director General of Military Relief, in commenting on the order, said in part: “Up to the present time the activities of the Red Cross under the Department of Military Relief among the soldiers in the camps and cantonments have been subject to the wishes and orders of the Commanding Generals in charge. During this period the Field Directors and their assistants repre- senting the Red Cross at each camp have rendered definite service which is now recog- nized in General Order No. 17, under date of February 13th, issued by the War De- partment. “This official recognition defining and out- lining Red Cross activities among the sol- diers when in the camps or traveling in this country opens up a large and important work for the Red Cross and in order to con- duct this work properly the Red Cross is taking immediate steps to increase the per- sonnel of its representatives in each camp. The chief officers in each camp are known as the Field Directors of the Red Cross; Associate Field Directors in charge of home service, hospital service, communication, and the distribution of Red Cross knit goods. “The Associate Field Director in charge of home service will secure the help from Red Cross Chapters to care for those home troubles which may be worrying any soldier. “The Red Cross is authorized and pre- pared to render emergency relief whenever requested by Commanding Officers. “'The Red Cross has established Canteen Service stations at more than 500 important railway stations which are prepared to furnish refreshments to the soldiers when traveling. At a number of the more im- portant railway centers the Canteen Service, through cooperation with the Red Cross Motor Corps, are in position to transfer sick or injured soldiers from the train to the local hospital when requested. A booklet outlining this work and giving the names of all the stations at which this Canteen Service is available will be placed in the hands of the commander of each troop train when leaving camp so that they can avail them- selves of this service when desired. - “In no way will the activities of the Red Cross interfere with the authority and re- sponsibility of the officers of the Army in the camps, hospitals or anywhere else. The Red Cross activities are all to be conducted in cooperation with and subject to the ap- proval of the officers in charge. In this way the Red Cross will be able to render great service without in any way interfering with the discipline and authority of the Army.” Help for Tubercular Children of Italian Soldiers. The Romana, of Rome, pays this tribute to the assistance of the American Red Cross in making up the balance of a fund of one million lire which was being raised by the Gior male d’Italia to aid the tubercular chil- dren of Italian soldiers: “Do you know, my son, how much you possess today? I have just figured the bal- ance and your fortune is less than two thousand francs" Bernard (smiling and putting his hands in his pockets): Here, father—here are three francs; 'twill make a round number 1’’ —Fourchambeault. The above quotation is from “Fourcham- beault,” one of the best comedies of Emil Angier. It is timely now, when the task of raising the sum of a million for the aid of the tubercular children of our soldiers, has been entrusted to the Giornale d’Italia. The goal, had almost been reached. And then, three or four nights ago, came the repre- sentative of the American Red Cross, ex- pressing in a letter to Alberto Bergamini, the willingness of that organization to con- tribute to so worthy a cause and asking if the American Red Cross might enjoy the privilege of making up the deficit still re- quired to complete the sum. A check for 54,796 lire ($10,959.20) accompanied the let- ter. The editors of the Giornale d’Italia hastened to congratulate their director but found him too deeply moved for words. Only his shining eyes and the unsteadiness of his voice betrayed his emotion upon the occasion of this generosity on the part of Italy’s new champion. - - Commenting later, upon the event, he said, in part: “I had been told that my dream of reaching the goal of a million was chimeric. I insisted that it would come true. ‘Oh, ye of little faith,' have you not learned what the Red Cross of America has done? Thanks to that noble body, our goal has been reached. Now, what have you to say?” No one spoke but in each face glowed the joy of satisfaction. One remarked that the letter of the American Red Cross brought to mind the words of Father Felice, the Capuchin monk at the head of the Hospital of Milan, who once said that he considered —- it a sacred privilege to take care of the unfortunate plague victims. And so the great-hearted Americans as readily and gladly help in the great humanitarian task of the Giornale d’Italia and like Bernard, \, smile as they put their hand in their pocket and draw out the “three francs” to “make a round sum !” - The Giornale d’Italia thus concludes this story: At the last meeting of the Executive Com- mission of the tubercular sanitorium of the “Giornale d’Italia,” a vote of deep gratitude was extended to the American Red Cross, which has so generously enabled us to carry on and to elaborate the work of the sani- torium. Among those present was Profes- sor Melloni, director of the institution. Signor Bergamini, editor-in-chief, worded the resolution of thanks to our great and generous neighbor whose oportune assistance has accomplished so much for the little peo- ple of Italy upon whom the future of our country depends. “The name of the Ameri- can Red Cross,” said he, “will be written down in the annals of Italian history in indelible ink l’” The commission has asked that one ward in the sanitorium be named for President Wilson—to be known as the “Wilson Ward.” United States Ambassador Page has been commissioned to transmit the message to the President. 2,700,000 Lire for Work-rooms for Dependent Women in Italy. The War Council has just appropriated the sum of 2,700,000 lire, or $321,300, its American equivalent at the present rate of exchange, to be expended by the Commis- sion to Italy in buying material and in pay- ing wages, over a period of three months, in the development of work-rooms in Italy for the employment of dependent women who are to make goods for distribution to needy refugees and hospitals. It is expected that from 1,500 to 2,000 women will be employed in these work- rooms in the near future. It has been esti- mated that it will require in the neighbor- hood of 900,000 lire a month to cover the cost of material and to pay wages. Dr. Taliaferro Clark Appointed. Through the assignment of the Surgeon General, Dr. Taliaferro Clark has been ap- pointed Director of the Bureau of Sanitary Service of the American Red Cross. Dr. Clark succeeds Passed Assistant Sur- geon Paul Preble. . T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN 3. iº ºr- THE AMERICAN RE D C Ross NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooD Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIoT WADsworth Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON * - e s º º A & 4 & 8 s e º e º e º e º 'º Red Cross War Council By Appoint MENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES a • e e s = e < * * * * * Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON CHARLEs D. NORTON John D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH Christmas Drive Subscribers to Red Cross Magazine Receive Prompt Attention. The Red Cross Magazine desires that the following letter, which it has sent out from Garden City, New York, to the Chapter Secretaries, under date of February 16th, shall have the widest possible circulation: To the Chapter Secretary: RED CROSS MAGAZINES HAVE IN- VARIABLY BEEN MAILED FROM HERE TO CHRISTMAS DRIVE SUB- SCRIBERS WITH IN TEN DAYS AFTER RECEIPT OF THEIR NAMES AT THIS OFFICE. And this has been done in spite of the fact that nearly 450,000 names have been reecived since January 1st. Every list has had to be counted and acknowledged to Chapter and Division headquarters. Every name has had to be stencilled, proof read and filed. The files have had to be arranged alphabetically by post offices. Wrappers have been addressed, filled with magazines and packed into mail bags and delivered to the Post Office. Four of the largest printing establishments in America have been manufacturing the magazines day and night. Probably no other magazine has ever had such a task or such a rapid growth in circulation—from 240,000 last July to 1,300,- 000 now. If, therefore, you have had from us the form acknowledgment of receipt of your lists, please do not write complaints con- cerning non-receipt of magazines but bear in mind that the magazine class of mail is terribly congested all over the country, that transportation facilities are poor and in many cases it is taking weeks to deliver mail that is usually delivered in a few days. Your patience in this will be very much appreciated. - Very sincerely yours, THE RED CROSS MAGAZINE. Shopping—Personally Conducted— for U. S. Soldiers in France. The American soldier in France is a good fighting man. But when he faces the French shopkeeper, that quick-tongued, sharp-eyed little woman who keeps the till as full as she can while her husband fights, he is glad enough to have an American woman beside him. So the Red Cross women at the line-of- communication canteens have a new job. They take the boys out shopping. There are a string of towns along the railroads where it is a common sight now to see a hundred American soldiers hurry- ing about the streets, using their precious quarter hour or so, while they wait for connections, in laying in a stock of tobacco or food or sweets. And heading a group of a score here and a dozen there you will See an American woman, shepherding the whole crowd like a new kind of non-com.; marching them into the shops, translating their wants into shop-keeper's French, counting their change for them, and gener- ally serving as guide, interpreter, and guardian. There is usually a troop of youngsters bringing up the rear, chattering and giggling and scrambling now and then for the coppers that the soldiers throw among them. “It’s just like going shopping with my sister at home,” said one grateful warrior. Jackson's Hole Chapter Faces Ex- traordinary Obstacles. This eacerpt from a letter received fron the Jackson's Hole Chapter in the Mountain Division territory—with headquarters at Jackson, Wyoming, is quite illuminating with Tespect to certain difficulties not ordinarily met with by the other chapters: With regard to the organization of other branches:—The people of Jackson's Hole, as a class, are as patriotic and anxious to serve their country as you will find anywhere. However, for about eight months of the year, the only outlet to the Valley is a single wagon road over the Teton Pass. Picture shows, lectures, Y. M. C. A. or Red Cross organizations have never penetrated the Valley until our present Chapter was or— ganized. Through the winter months, the inhabitants are far more used to seeing droves of a thousand or two head of elk than they are to see the stranger from “out- side.” Almost all of the dwellings are log cabins, and the snow makes travel difficult in winter. With the exception of telephone and newspapers, Jackson's Hole is today as I imagine the rest of the West was fifty years ago. I am telling you all this so that you can form an idea of what we are up against. To form a Red Cross, we have to begin by explaining just what we are driving at, and to a certain extent we are handicapped by not knowing ourselves. Every little while Some one tells us something that he has seen “outside,” and that we know nothing about. We have had no trouble whatever in get- ting people to join the Red Cross; the prin- cipal thing is to see them. Our membership now is 455, or an increase of about seventy since the first of the month. Nor are we troubled about getting workers to knit or to sew. The ladies are all willing and anxious for us to send them something to do. Our trouble is in getting them to or- ganize as local units. They object to organ- izing branches because they either lack a meeting place, or because of the difficulties of travel and the smallness of their numbers. However, if we can once get the various local units established, we can enroll almost every person in the Valley in the Red Cross. First Motor Field Hospitals for Ital- ians Gift of American. Ambassador Page, in behalf of an Ameri- can who prefers that his name be not dis- closed at the present time, presented to the Italian Army two Motor Field Hospitals, the first of their kind to be used on the Italian front, on February 14th, according to a cablegram received at National Head- quarters from the A. R. C. Commisioner to Italy. After recounting the fact of the presentation the cablegram continues: “It was accepted by General De Robillant, Commander of the Fourth Italian Army, whose daughter will start for the front to— morrow to direct and serve with these am- bulance hospitals as a Red Cross nurse. The equipment includes X-ray machine and a . complete surgeon’s operating room, all fit- ted on a big motor truck. One smaller automobile is attached to the hospital for emergency work. The entire unit cost $12,000. Every piece of the elaborate equip- ment was made in Italy. The presentation took place in the courtyard of the American Embassy before a distinguished gathering representing the two nations.” 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN Small Incidents Which Go to Show That It Is “All in the Day's Work” in France. It is a byword among the French that Americans have a gift of imagination and initiative. It is a byword among Americans that the French have a gift of initiative and imagination. When one sees the crossed flags of the two countries marking the en- trance to a Red Cross canteen or relief sta- tion of any kind, he may well pause to wonder what ingenious works have been wrought within. - Resourcefulness comes easily enough when buildings and equipment are complete; it is in completing them that the Red Cross doctors, nurses and relief workers have shown their native genius. At Evian in France on the Swiss border, for instance, where trains come in daily bringing the re- patriated from Germany, Belgium and the invaded country, the former kitchen of a hotel was turned into a dental dispensary and a workable dentist’s chair evolved from a wine-barrel. Dispensary in a Garage The garage of the same place was made into a children’s dispensary, where—natur- ally enough—a kitchen table served as an operating table until the regular equipment arrived. Physicians of the Children’s Bu- reau established by the American Red Cross examine an average of 500 children arriving here each day, and send those ill from con- tagious diseases to the hospital. Every case thus stopped and isolated at the border means that the chance of epidemic else- where in France has been avoided. In the refuge at Toul opened by the Chil- dren’s Bureau, a hospital and dispensary were added, with a large staff, including some members of the American Friends Unit, who are helping with construction and repair work. Among the first cases to be treated at Evian was that of an under- nourished boy from Lens whose family of seven had lived for two years and a half in the cellar of their ruined home. “Cinema with Music” - Moving picture shows are a daily amuse- ment at several of the base hospitals where the American Red Cross has installed recre- ational facilities. One of the machine oper- ators, who was a musician, formed an or— chestra among the patients and staff, and the “cinema with music” now holds a place in that hospital which the doctors regard as really important. Farms and gardens are in prospect for a number of these base hospitals with favor- able locations. Not only will they provide fresh vegetables for the hospital, but they will furnish a means of healthful and useful exercise for convalescent patients. Dairy farms, also may be added. Seven Cents a Patient a Day When the Bureau of Tuberculosis under- took the task of making the city barracks in Paris for tuberculosis patients more at- tractive, they began with the distribution of games, tobacco, phonographs and the like. Requisitions have now been passed for Sup- plies of 57 tuberculosis hospitals—supplies which include drugs, bedding, books, cloth- ing, laboratory supplies and arm chairs. Sitting rooms and diet kitchens,—and in several cases bowling greens,—have been installed as rapidly as possible. It has been found by actual computation that the total cost of these improvements has averaged about seven cents a patient a day. American Women in Canteens No workers in France have met their emer- gencies with more willingness, practicality and “attack” than the American women serving in canteens. At the canteen of one of the aviation camps, the women are Serv- ing more than a thousand meals a day. In all of the canteens established they have met the exigencies of the days as they came; in one place when an order for beef was filled by the delivery of a carcass whole, in order to keep their supply from failing, they cut it up themselves; in another, when han- dles were needed for the tin cups to hold coffee, they set German prisoners to work making them out of the lids of tin cans. The greatest economy is being practiced by these canteens. In one town where the remains of the soups and stews are given to needy families a landlord has been per- suaded to exchange store-room space for vegetable peelings. At another canteen the American women have installed a circulat- ing library of books and magazines for the benefit of the American ambulance drivers stationed in the vicinity. The men, in turn, keep the canteen in firewood. Great Demonstration in Turin Over American Ambulances. The Philadelphia Record, under date of February 16th, has the following cablegram from Turin, Italy: The departure of the fourth section of the American Red Cross, made up of 25 ambulances, was the occasion of a great demonstration for the United States. Flow- ers were heaped on the ambulances, crowds cheered, bands played American airs and soldiers paid military honors. Swamp Near Camp Wheeler Which Breeds Malarial Mosquitos Will Be Drained. An appropriation of $7,500 by the War Council to pay for the excavation of a drain- age ditch to “divert the stream effecting the Swamp partly surrounding Camp Wheeler, Georgia, into the Ocmulgee River,” not only emphasizes the untoward effects of certain laws, at times, but illustrates the opportuni- ties extended by such laws to the Red Cross. Dr. Taliaferro Clark, Director of the Bu- reau of Sanitary Service had requested this appropriation of the War Council for the purpose of constructing a drainage ditch, substantially 3,500 feet long—and from 3 to 5 feet in depth—to drain swamps in the neighborhood of Camp Wheeler, Georgia. Dr. Clark reported that notwithstanding Red Cross Sanitary Unit No. 14 had been actively engaged in sanitary work about Camp Wheeler; and that the War Council had appropriated $20,000 for the mainte- nance of this Unit yet affairs in the vicinity had reached a critical stage. Surveys made by officers of the Public Health Service had demonstrated that, from the standpoint of malaria control, the terri- tory surrounding Camp Wheeler was ex- ceedingly bad: in that the swampy areas sur- rounding the Camp were breeding places for large numbers of a certain species of mosquito most actively concerned in the transmission of malaria. Assistant Surgeon-General H. R. Carter, —who is recognized as an international au- thority on malaria, had stated, according to Dr. Clark, that unless steps were imme- diately taken to drain the swamp surround- ing the greater part of the Camp, fully 50 per cent of the military forces in Camp Wheeler would suffer from malaria before the end of the summer. Dr. Clark further reported that, owing to the improvement to private property which would be an incidental result of the contem- plated drainage operations, the Surgeon- General had said that the digging of the ditch in question by the Public Health Serv- ice would constitute an illegal act! All War Department funds appropriated by Congress are to be spent only upon lands in which the Government, if it does not own, must possess at least a right or easement. Before the swamp lands around Camp Wheeler could be improved by the War De- partment they would have to be either pur- chased or leased by the Government. The ditch will probably be dug by steam shovel as that method is cheaper than by hand. - HV g 75' ** at 9 ww. **** WASHINGTON, D. C. THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS Vol. II MARCH 4, 1918 No. 10 Three of the Four Red Cross Mobile Laboratory Cars Transferred to the U. S. Army. Three of the four Mobile Laboratory Rail- way Cars built by the Red Cross and out- fitted according to plans approved by its Medical Advisory Committee, have been transferred, at the request of the Surgeon General of the U. S. Army, to the Army for its exclusive use. These cars originally cost $52,000, while $30,000 has been appropriated by the War Council for their maintenance. Their pur- chase was authorized on August 14, 1917. They were placed under the management of the Bureau of Sanitary Service which had obtained volunteer staffs and expert assist- ants for their operation. When these cars were placed in commission they were made available for special detail upon a written request received from the Surgeons General of the Army, Navy and Public Health Service. They were always ready for im- mediate dispatch to meet any emergency for the control of communicable diseases that might arise in military camps or in civil communities. All four of these cars, since they have been placed in commission, have been loaned to the Surgeon General’s office of the United States Army for work at various camps and cantonments. In every instance the advent of the Red Cross Laboratory Cars, manned by their staffs, has been followed by an immediate improvement in local conditions, —concrete testimony to the efficiency of the Service rendered. -S On January 3d, at the request of the Surgeon General of the U. S. Army, one of these cars, the “Reed,” was transferred to its custody. When later the Army asked that the three remaining cars be transferred to it for its exclusive use the Medical Ad- visory Committee of the Red Cross advised that two—and possibly three—be turned OVer to the use of the Army. - Americans to Be No. Drag Upon the Italian Government. In order that the personnel of the Red Cross and the American ambulance drivers and rolling canteen workers shall not be a drag upon Italy or the Italians, the War Council has appropriated the sum of $168,300 for the purchase, in this country, of six months supply of gasoline, and army rations for 500 men per month for a period of six months. These supplies will be shipped abroad. This sum of money was set aside for this purpose on the recommendation of Major Perkins, A. R. C. Commissioner to Italy, who advised that the American Red Cross should not accept or buy any food or gaso- line from the Italian Government for its service in Italy. - Every Cantonment Will Have a Red Cross House. A Red Cross House soon will be con- structed in each of the Army and Navy Training Camps. It is intended primarily to be a lounge and rest haven for convalescent soldiers. It Will also be an administration center for the Field Director of the Red Cross, an emer- gency lodging for summoned relatives of those “rookies” dangerously ill, and for Red Cross nurses and staffs. A new headquarters for all Red Cross ac- tivities in the camp hospital will be provided by the Red Cross House, and it will serve also to develop to full efficiency the Red Cross Communication Service, through which families and friends of soldiers can obtain prompt, accurate, and detailed information as to their welfare. This service covers the camps in America as well as the battle-front. One of the first of these structures to be built will be at Camp Meade, for which bids soon will be opened at the office of the Department of Military Relief of the Amer– ican Red Cross. Construction work in all the other camps and cantonments will be rushed. - For convalescents, many new comforts will be provided by the Red Cross House. These will include a solarium, or “sun parlor,” a glassed-in porch, and a stage, upon which : • - * © . - - “movies” and other entertainments can be given. A billiard room, kitchen, reading, re- ception and committee rooms, in addition to a large assembly hall, will be located on the first floor. The second floor will be given over entirely to bed rooms. - - oms. Each building will be 100 x 100 feet. War Council Makes Further Appro- priation of $400,000 for Ar- menian and Syrian Relief. The War Council has appropriated the Sum of $400,000 as a contribution to the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, to cover the months of Feb- ruary and March, 1918, with the expecta- tion that $200,000 a month for the following four months will also be appropriated, but making no commitment to that effect. The War Council had already given $1,– 800,000 to this Committee in the form of a contribution of $300,000 a month for the last six months of 1917. The destitution among the Armenians, Syrians, Greeks and other suffering races in the Russian Cau- casus, Persia, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and Syria is on the increase and those peoples are more than ever dependent on American charity as administered in large part by the commissioners and agents of the Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. A recent conference on conditions in Western Asia was attended by 73 persons including Ambassador Elkus and various American Consuls as well as by many mis- Sionaries and teachers from Western Asia. A telegram from the American Minister at Teheran spoke of famine conditions in Per- sia and stated that a practical expression of American good will toward Persia would be particularly beneficial at the present time, especially if this expression took such a form as would tend to alleviate these con- ditions in Persia. - - $1,316,045 Appropriated for Food Shipments to Italy. At the request of Major Robert Perkins, Red Cross Commissioner to Italy, the war Council has appropriated the sum of $1,316,- 045 for the purchase of certain supplies to be shipped to Italy. These shipments will comprise a two months’ supply of foodstuffs of which the following items make up a single month's supply: Two hundred tons each of condensed milk, rice, canned meat, dried meat, beans and peas; and one hundred tons each of concentrated soups and cheeses, as well as twenty tons of lard. 2 THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN How Christmas Gifts Were Made Possible and What They Meant to the Venetian Troops. The following translation from an Italian newspaper gives a clear idea of the feeling of the Italians for the American Red Cross and their ally the United States. This is evident not only in the substance of the article but even more in the spirit which breathes through it: On Christmas Eve two boatloads of gifts left the port of Venice bound for the front, bearing holiday cheer for the dear sons of the Island city on active service in the long trenches facing the deadly Austrian fire. Many evenings before the feast day, loving hands had labored long and tirelessly over the preparation of these gifts, filling the gay, ribbon-tied Christmas packages with all manner of Surprises and useful things to gladden the soldier heart. There were cakes galore, Spiced buns and chocolates, fruit, toys, tobacco, enough for two thou- sand soldiers' A Woman Planned It And it was a woman who had thought of the soldiers' Christmas, a woman who, since the beginning of Italy's part in the war, has devoted all her thoughts and energies to the welfare of the faithful defenders of right, fighting through the long weeks on the Silo away from their own firesides and families, suffering the dangers and discomforts of campaign life. And this is Signora Amalia Devitofrancesco. It was the third war Christmas and the brave sons of Italy still faced their foemen across “No Man's Land,” risking all for the beloved “patria,” writing Whistory with their blood. Even in the midst of so much relief activity, in which the Sig- nora So nobly does her part, she found time to think of this and what Christmas means *to the soldier in the trenches. A. R. C. Espouses the Cause To begin with, she sought the assistance of the American Red Cross and she could not have knocked at more welcoming portals, for that organization espoused the cause eagerly and with its characteristic enthusi- asm. With its aid combined with her own inexhaustible energy, the two thousand Christmas packages were made ready. The commanding general bent every effort to give the men the jolliest possible Christ- mas. The gifts were distributed even in the first line trenches, and in the observation posts, to the sentries on guard and every- where that the soldiers were stationed. No. one was forgotten. Good cheer reigned even under the enemy's guns and while the thoughts of the soldier flew homewards, he was made happy for the moment by the fruits of the kind thoughts of the women of Italy and his heart beat in grateful rythm for them and for the Red Cross of our ally of the west, whose generosity makes all things possible. Officers Mingle with Men The distribution of gifts to the second line troops took place in the cantonments. One was uplifted and touched at the sight. Officers mingled fraternally with the men, talking with them, looking at their gifts. It is such moments as this that make war- time bearable, that enable the soldiers to go back cheerfully to their trenches and dugouts and to look forward with new vision, clearer and surer, to the day of victory that must come. * * * A column of men swings trenchward. It is dusk. The west still glows faintly red and in the zenith a cold, bright star splashes. There is the steady sound of marching feet and far off a dull rumble that marks the greeting of the Austrian batteries. They pass. Christmas 1917 is over. Former Mayor of Rheims Applauds Close Cooperation. The former Mayor of Rheims, Dr. Henri Henrot, Vice-President of the Societe Na- tionale D’Assistance, has written to the American Red Cross in Paris to tell of his appreciation of their work. As Vice-Presi- dent of the society, Dr. Henrot recently visited the Red Cross at 4 Place de la Con- corde, to inspect its work, and especially that of the Tuberculosis Bureau of the Civil Affairs Department. After his visit, Dr. Henrot wrote: “Yours is a great organization which is already making its good work felt, and which has answered the call to render the greatest service to those true heroes, our fighting men. At the last meeting of the French Red Cross, in congratulating its president, Dr. Boulomme, on its anti-tuberculosis work, I concluded by saying: “We have just been admiring the complete organization at the Place de la Concorde of the American Red Cross, which is spreading its work over our whole country. Our most urgent resolution is that these two societies, the French Red Cross and the American, shall cooperate in accomplishing this great humanitarian work, just as the two nations unite their hearts and their hands to obtain the freedom of all oppressed, the liberty of the world.’” In connection with Dr. Henrot's letter, it is interesting to note that “Le Matin,” a Paris paper with a circulation of 1,200,000, recently printed an interview with Homer Folks, Director of the Civil Affairs Depart- ment of the American Red Cross in France, describing the work of that Department and commenting with enthusiasm on the close cooperation of the A. R. C. with French Societies. Major General George Bartlett Ex- presses Hearty Appreciation. The following cablegram from William Endicott, A. R. C. Commissioner to England, received at National Headquarters, speaks for itself: Major-General George Bartlett, command- ing officer of the American troops in Great Britain, writes: “I desire to thank your organization for generous and efficient aid tendered American troops landed from Tuscania and I express my hearty appreciation of your admirable Service.” Paris Notes. The Red Cross has now five portable laundries in operation at the base hospitals. These laundries have proved of great value to the hospitals and others are to be in- stalled as soon as possible. Some of the patients in the tuberculosis barracks have been taught to sole slippers. A commercial organization pays them for this work, thus enabling them to earn a little spending money. The canteens have increased their business considerably during the past month. An- other annex is being added to one of them. The canteens now number 13. The bureau soon expects to pass the million mark in the number of persons served. When a convoy of repatries arrived at Tulle (Correze) recently, French soldiers locked up their German prisoners and turned in to aid the Red Cross delegates and the local authorities in distributing hot soup, bread, cheese, cold meat, coffee, wine and milk to the convoy in the trains. Several of the base hospitals have picture shows daily. The picture machine operator at one of these hospitals is a musician and he has added an orchestra, recruited from staff and patients, as a further attraction. With the music the cinema has proved twice as attractive as , without it. THE RE D C Ross BULLET IN THE AMERICAN RED CRoss NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooDRow WILSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JoHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON tº e º e s e º e º is tº General Manager * * ~ * tº tº º tº º e Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUS N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio Eliot WADsworth HENRY.P. DAVISON CHARLEs D. NoFTON John D. RYAN e e º e e º e º e o 'º - & WILLIAM HowARD TAFT Le Figaro Approves This Prudent Advice Given by General Pershing to His Troops. Le Figaro, under date of January 33d, says: - - In an order of the day, recently addressed to his troops, General Pershing made the following recommendations which are so ex- cellent, that we deem it advisable to ap- prove them with all our hearts: “Never forget that we are at war and that the enemy are on the watch. Always be restricted in your intercourse with families, and never speak confidentially with a woman, because women are the most cunning of spies and you may bestow your confidence upon one in the employ of the enemy. “Never trust anyone who asks questions of a military character or who seems to be much interested in questions of such a na- ture, even though such a person appears to be an American officer. - - “Any man, woman or child, or even a man wearing the uniform of an American, or in the uniform of a soldier of the Allied Armies can be a spy. w “In fact say nothing that you would not wish to reach the ears of the enemy. And for this same reason never enter into any correspondence with an unknown person for this is one of the chief means used by the enemy to procure information. - - “In the streets and in public places do not fail to remember that the very walls have ears. Therefore do not express your opinion upon any military question or even on the war in general. “Don’t give the impression of a pessimistic view of the situation either by word or ac- tion, and always have confidence in the suc- cess of our Army and of our Cause.” machines and thread. Factory Girls Do Their Bit in Extra Work on the Machines. Mrs. Samuel J. Sondheim, Vice-Chairman, Awaziliary No. 1, Berks County Chapter, Reading, Penn., writes the Editor of the Red Cross Bulletin the following interesting letter: In reading your Bulletin I noticed an article on making Red Cross garments by motive power. I have had very pleasant experiences in putting this into practical effect. I applied in person to two shirt factories in our city asking for the cooperation of their girls, machines, etc. I addressed the girls asking them to work one hour one evening a week, they deciding the time and the day. I explained to them what wonder- ful work and assistance they would be rendering. The owners of each factory offered to furnish free light, heat, power The hour decided upon by the girls was from 6 to 7 P. M. which I considered a sacrifice, it being their dinner hour. We sewed at the one factory on Tuesday evening, the other factory Thursday evening. With my first evening's instructions we made two dozen finished Hospital Bed-shirts in each factory. The pleasure the girls took in the making of these garments is enough to convince me, they will be able to triple their first output at the second attempt. The question of Labor Law entered into my project. This was overcome as the work is no infringement of the 54-hour labor law because it is strictly volunteer work. I shall be pleased to assist any Chapter furthering this movement in their commun- ity. Pertinent Observations by Ameri- can Railway Engineer in France. Richard Eddy, of Sauk Center, Minne- sota, a member of the Sixteenth regiment of railway engineers now in France, in a letter home pays a high compliment to the American Red Cross for the work it is do- ing there, according to the Appleton, Minne- sota, Press: y Letter writing, with certain exceptions, is the bugaboo of an enlisted man’s experience. Our ink intrudes to beat the band upon our leisure time and friend censor will allow us to write only about our health and the weather, My health is all one could wish for and as for the weather, if I attempted to describe it I would be guilty of language unbecoming a soldier and a gentleman. However, I take pleasure in writing this letter of thanks for the box I received. It arrived in perfect condition. I could not have ordered any articles better suited to my comfort and pleasure. I have for a long time labored under the delusion that I understood the extent of the Red Cross activities. A few days ago I had the pleasure of hearing a man lecture on the civil work of the society. His talk was a revelation to me. The Red Cross is helping all the people whose former homes are on the battlefield, all the people who have been driven from their homes by the proximity of the big shell fire, all the old people who have lost those upon whom they were dependent for their support and all the poor orphans. The Red Cross is working in conjunction with the French government to supply these food, clothing and the best of medical at- tention. It is a large undertaking but a great and merciful work. They are giving a great deal of hard, intelligent volunteer work and spending big sums of money. Every one of us is proud of our American Red Cross and sincerely hopes that its sup- port will continue. - - Porto Rican Children Demonstrate Their Patriotism. - Children in the Porto Rican public schools are giving a practical demonstration of their patriotism. They are not only making Red Cross pajamas for hospital use; but in their cooking classes they are learning how to substitute gondulas, frijoles and garbanos for meal; cocoanut and cacao for fats; and platanos, batatos and amarillos for wheat bread. w More Comfort Kits Wanted With Socks and Tobacco - Every American woman who has helped to pack a Red Cross comfort kit for our boys “over there” will be interested in a cablegram received February 24th, at the National Headquarters, from Major James H. Perkins, American Red Cross Commis- sioner to Europe: - Every American soldier now entering the trenches carries an American Red Cross comfort kit containing towel, shirt, writing paper, pencil, soap, handkerchief, socks, mirror and tobacco. The number of kits. cannot be stated but the fact that every soldier has one means that the work done by American women is a big comfort to the soldiers now on the firing line. This fact should be a solace to the American women who have made them as well as to the sol- diers. More kits wanted with socks and , tobacco. . . . . . . . T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN ºw. Many Points in Common With a Fairy This Godmother of - Good Works. “Godmother of Good Works” is the name which has been given to the Department of Civil Affairs of the American Red Cross in France. The Department has neither the personnel nor the information to enable it to search out the particular family which needs a layette for the new baby, shoes for the four-year-old, or blankets for a father invalided home from the war. It has doc- tors and nurses to meet some but not all the demands coming to it from a civil popu- lation now enduring bravely a fourth win- ter of war. Help to be help must come quickly. What the Red Cross can do and is doing besides what it does directly is to supply, as rapidly as purchasing and trans- portation facilities permit, the needs of the many excellent French, English, and Ameri- can organizations which have been at work since the beginning of the war, and which now are hampered for lack of money, or goods, or both. Something for Everybody To civilian hospitals go the surgical Sup- plies and the scientific instruments without which they have been kept from reaching their fullest usefulness; to refugees which have been caring for orphan or lost children go the little pinafores, capes, and sabots worn by French children; to the societies and civil authorities in the devastated re- gions go grants of clothing, furniture, farm implements, even farm animals, to make it possible for the returning refugees to start repairing their homes and re-cultivat- ing their fields; and to refugee organiza- tions in Paris go similar grants of cloth- ing and of the furniture which enables the fugitives from occupied or devastated ter- ritory to move out of the expensive but miserably furnished rooms into which they have been crowded, and to set up light housekeeping in more comfortable and healthful apartments. - 470 Standardized Classes In Spain, Switzerland, England, France and America, delegates of the Red Cross have been buying the things that are needed this winter. In France, army needs come first, and under war regulations, difficulty of export and transport, this gigantic task of purchasing of Civil Affairs for 6 months enumerates 470 standardized classes of articles, many of them with numerous sub- classifications. They range from ice caps to filing cards; from canned peas, frying pans, and napkin rings to circular saws, goats, window glass, and corduroy trousers. These articles (except goats) are stored in Paris and in other centers, in the two dozens and more warehouses of the Red Cross. As they are needed, they are requisitioned by the Departments, and shipped to their destina- tion by the Transportation Department. From a Poster to Yards of Flannel The Department of Civil Affairs is not the kind of godmother who waits for birth- days and Christmas and the Fourth of July to distribute her good things. They are sent out every day. Money-gifts though are another story. Some idea of the volume of goods pouring from Red Cross warehouses into needy places in cities, villages and farm- houses, can be dug out of a fat pile of yel- low requisition slips which represents the orders for one day, and taken at random. There are 36 requisitions (occasionally the number runs as high as 80, but this is exceptional). The 36 requisitions represent grants of 9,099 articles, sent far and near, to 19 organizations. An “article.”—in this enumeration—may mean anything from a poster to 400 yards of flannel. To arrange this day’s list in current poetic style, it actually does mean: A Partial Enumeration Woolen caps, mittens, coats or capes, scarfs, condensed milk, jam, sugared cocoa, meat juice, cheese. Tapioca, lemons, checkers, backgammon, croquet, playing cards, face towels. Kitchen towels, bedside tables, bedcovers, armchairs, chaise longue, small bowls, can- dles, candlesticks, undervests, woolen socks, houseslippers, woolen pajamas, phonograph records. Books (Dumas, Verne, Hugo, Daucet, Mérimée, Loti, Anatole France). Galoshes, blouses, undershirts, stockings, sabots, finger bandages, beans, hams, sugar, canned meats, wool, posters, roller towel- ling, pulmo serum, drugs, folding beds. Blankets, pillows, sheets, wardrobers, Stock pots, saucepans, enamel saucepans, Small dishes, basins, roasting pans, chil- dren’s blankets, eiderdowns, straw mat- tresses, dust cloths, tea cloths. Earthenware, hot water bottles, wash- basins, sterilizer for milk, sheeting, towel- ling. - Bath towelling, flanelette, calico, white flanelette, flannel, apron print, gray wool for stockings. - Soup ladles, table spoons, butcher knives, peeling knives, kitchen knives, chopping knives, large coffee pot, roasting pans, grat- ers, flat pans, serving pans, black sateen, flannelette. Girls' drawers, stockings, handkerchiefs, shoes, stove to cook for sixty people. - Assorted boxes clothing, nightgowns, shirts part wool, long drawers, girls’ bloomers, boys’ pants, boys' shirts, girls’ dresses, woolen sweaters. - America Is Ready to Meet Every War Call. The St. Joseph (Mo.) Gazette glories in the readiness of Americans to meet every war call—direct or indirect—made upon them: The splendid success of the effort to ob- tain 10,000,000 new members for the Ameri- can Red Cross Society proves again the regard of the people of this country for the great work of that organization. It shows, indeed, the determination of the nation that not only shall fighting men a-plenty be sent to every part of the earth where their services are needed in uphold- ing American principles, but also that the health of those men will be safeguarded with all the resources available to the coun- try. It will be with a remarkable feeling of security that the soldiers of the republic note the successive triumphs of the succes- sive movements for insuring their welfare at home and abroad. No other country so carefully protects its army and navy. Wher- ever the warriors of the United States go— no matter how distant the zone, nor how swift their journeyings—every possible vis- ible evidence of the love and forethought of the nation for their safe-keeping greets them upon their arrival at their destination. The country hastens its messengers to every clime where the activities of the American fighting forces may be required, and there the American creative spirit sets about mak- ing the place as safe for the coming of the Republic's young men-at-arms as money and planning and effort can do it. There will be other demands for funds from our nation as the war progresses. This is to be expected, and it is not too much to say of the people that they desire it shall be so. Each new call for aid finds aid more generously, more happily given than before. It will be thus, rest assured, to the end of the great war. Seventy-five Indian Lads from Rose- bud Agency in the Army. One reason why the Indian women and girls at the Rosebud Agency in South Da- kota are such willing and ready workers for the Red Cross is because there are thirty Indian lads from the Agency in France; as well as forty-five others in the cantonments. . A ! THE RED CROSS BULLETIN z AMERICAN RED CROSS - .*** WASHINGTON, D. C. WAN” Vol. II MARCH 11, 1918 No. 11 The Red Cross has Set Aside the Week March 18–25 to Collect More than 5,000 Tons of Used and Surplus Clothing for the Commission for Relief in Belgium The Commission for Relief in Belgium, in connection with its relief work in occupied territory of France and Belgium, has asked the Red Cross to collect for it a certain amount, more than five thousand tons at the least,-of selected used and surplus clothing throughout the United States. The Red Cross has agreed to do so. In order that this work may not become a regular activity of the Red Cross, or be considered a precedent for a continual collection of such articles, the week of March 18th to March 25th only will be devoted to this purpose. The Commission on its grain and cargo boats has the space to provide for prompt shipment of all articles collected direct to their final destination. It bears all the ex- pense in connection with the work except such small incidental expense as may be in- curred by the chapters in receiving and packing the articles for shipment to the warehouses of the Commission, where they will be sorted and prepared by the Commis- sion for over-seas shipment. The request for assistance from the Red Cross came in a letter dated March 7, 1918, from Herbert Hoover, Chairman of the Com- mission for Relief in Belgium to Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council: My dear Mr. Davison: The practical en- tire exhaustion of cloths, clothing, shoes and leather in occupied Belgium and Northern France, and the shortage of these necessities in the world's markets, are making it in- creasingly difficult for the Commission for Relief in Belgium to keep clothed and shod the unfortunate people of these occupied territories. In addition to new material, we need gifts of used and surplus clothing and shoes, blankets, flannel, cloth, etc., in large quantities from the people of the United States. As the Commission has allowed most of its local committees scattered over the United States to disband because of the financial arrangement made last June with our Gov- ernment, it occurs to me that the Red Cross with its existing elaborate system of local organizations would be in excellent situation to conduct this clothing campaign for us. Will you lend the machinery of this organ- ization to collect for the Commission from the people of the country the articles needed by it in its relief work? Where our own local committees are still intact, we should prefer to give them the choice of carrying on the campaign in their own localities, or of working in cooperation with the Red Cross, or of turning it over entirely to the Red Cross. From your repeated cordial offers of co- operation of the American Red Cross in any of the charitable work of our Commission, I have no doubt of the answer you will make to our present request. Faithfully yours, HERBERT Hoover, Chairman. Mr. Davison's answer follows: Mr. Dear Mr. Hoover: In response to your request on behalf of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, the Red Cross will be glad to undertake the collection of used and surplus clothing and other articles for the use of the Commission in its relief work in occupied territories in France and Bel- gium. - We have set aside the week of March 18th to March 25th for a special campaign for this purpose. We feel certain that the people of the United States will respond generously, and that we will be able to col- lect for the Commission such quantities of clothing and other articles as it requires to satisfactorily carry on its work of relief. We will send out your appeal to all our Chapters through our Divisional organiza- tion. Where your local committees still exist, we trust that this work may be done by such committees in cooperation with our local Chapters in order that the Chapters may feel that they too have a part in this great work. Cordially yours, - H. P. DAVISON, Chairman, Red Cross War Council. The following is the teart of the appeal made to the members of the Red Cross on behalf of the Commission for Relief in Belgium: - - Your spare clothing for the suffering peo- ple of Belgium and Northern France under the occupation of the enemy. These Allies of ours behind the German lines—the rich as well as the poor—with their native stocks of raw materials long since exhausted, and no commercial imports since the first devastation of their country need—and need promptly—this relief in their destitution. The quantity of raw materials which we have been permitted to import for manufacture into clothing in these parts of Belgium and France has never been suffi- cient. Even the well-to-do are short of necessities; the poor are in dire need. As the world is short of so many things it is short of clothing, and of raw materials. We cannot purchase what is needed; we must put our spare garments to the service of the world,—a measure of pure economics, conservation and patriotism. One-third of every shipment will go to the people of the North of France, down close behind the German lines; two-thirds will go to Belgium. . . - - The Commission for Relief has the ships— you have the clothing. In these vessels car- rying cargoes of grain and other foodstuffs to the Belgians and the French in the terri- tory occupied by the Germans, there is room for all the clothing you can give. The Com- mission for Belgium has safe conduct passes for its ships, and the absolute assurance through its own representatives in Brussels that the clothing will be delivered only to those for whom it is intended. The Ger– mans have never at any time seized the personal, apparel of individuals. Before the exhaustion of native supplies prospective mothers were given layettes—. little bundles containing all the warm, clean garments and various supplies so necessary to the babies—with which to clothe and pro- vide for the new arrivals into the world. 2 .-- T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN Of late, these women have been turned away by the thousands from the empty storehouses of the committees, and their new-born babies are swaddled in rags. Light warm canton flannel and other kinds of cloth are needed, from which to make these things. generosity alone rests the responsibility for these young lives. Last year in Belgium one paid $7 to have a pair of shoes resoled. The Commission for Relief was soling them with sections of discarded material stamped out to fit the various sizes; tens of thousands of pairs of these cut-soles were thus produced. We must have shoes, and we must have Scrap leather with which to repair those you give, and the other shoes now being worn over there. - - It is useless to send a garment which is not made of the strongest and most durable materials, as the clothes are subjected to the hardest kind of use. But this does not mean that all garments must be in perfect repair. There are upwards of a hundred thousand women in Belgium and Northern France who will do anything for a little work, and who were mobilized and trained into a mar- velously efficient organization for the making of new clothing—while there were still raw materials—or the repairing, ripping up and remaking of old clothing. These women were happiest when at work, having less time to dwell upon their misery. They look forward with dread to the day, when, their material exhausted and their garments finished, they must lay down their work and await their turn to receive the next supplies. - . As to the bedding: In the North of France sacks stuffed with dry leaves serve as mattresses; everywhere the need for blankets is tremendous; hospitals and other institutions suffer for want of sheets. Do not forget that in some places whole fam- ilies sleep together to share a single blanket. While the Red Cross is caring for the helpless, and the destitute French and Bel- gians behind the Allied Armies, the Commis- sion for Relief is caring for the helpless and the destitute French and Belgians “in there” behind the German lines. The cry for clothing comes from the Com- mission for Relief. The clothing, to be sorted and packed, must go to the warehouse of the Commission. From there it goes to the docks, and thence by ship to Rotterdam. Four or five times a month general cargo vessels will take hundreds of tons of this clothing; every week the grain ships will carry as much more. To meet the situation, and the opportun- ity, the week March 18–25 should see not less On your than 5,000 tons of clothing collected and on its way to the Commission warehouses. Part of the instructions as to the collec- tion and shipment of worn and surplus arti- cles for the Commission for Relief in Bel- gium reads: - - 1. All articles collected should be assem- bled, inspected and packed in space provided for that purpose. No part of this work should be carried on where articles of stand- ard chapter production are handled. 2. Only articles appearing on the list of “GARMENTs NEEDED” will be accepted. Such articles must be of strong, durable material but need not be in perfect repair. 3. Articles should be inspected only to determine whether their condition warrants their acceptance and to eliminate those not wanted. Final inspection and assortment will be done by the Commission in its own warehouses. 4. It is not necessary to pack shipments for direct overseas despatch, but only in such containers as will insure their reaching the warehouses of the Commission intact. :#; :k $: :k :}; ::: >k >k 8. Chapters will report promptly to Divi- sion Bureau of Supplies total number of articles and total tonnage shipped during the campaign. - - Here is a list of the GARMENTs NEEDED: MEN’s WEAR: - Shirts (preferably of light colored flan- nels), undershirts, underdrawers, trousers, coats, work-suit (overalls), suits (3 piece), shoes, overcoats, jerseys, sweatervests, socks (sizes 10% and 11). WOMEN’s WEAR: Shirts, drawers, corset-slips, petticoats, blouses, skirts, overcoats, suits (2 piece), pinafores, shoes, cloth hats, knitted caps, stockings (sizes 7 and 8), shawls. Boy’s WEAR: ... " Shirts, union suits, undershirts, trousers, coats, suits, shoes, overcoats, jerseys, socks (sizes 1 to 9). GIRL's WEAR: # Dresses, skirts, overcoats, night dresses, drawers, stockings (sizes 1 to 6), under- garments, petticoats, suits (2 piece), blouses, shoes. - Boy's AND GIRL's WEAR: - Hooded capes, pinafores, woolen union suits. INFANT's WEAR: Swanskin swaddling clothes, cradle chem- iscs, bodices, cradle dresses, bonnets, bibs, neckerchiefs, diapers, shoes, baby dresses, hooded cloaks, jackets, shawls, sweaters, socks. MISCELLANEoUs: Bed-ticks, bed-sheets, pillow cases, blan- kets, mufflers. –º Here is a list of a few articles NoT needed: A FEW DONT's: Please do not send any of the following: Men's stiff hats (derby, straw, dress). Women’s stiff hats, women’s fancy slippers. Goods containing rubber in any form as: Suspenders, garters, etc. As leather goods not in the best condi- tion deteriorate in shipment, kindly see that the shoes you send in are free from mud. Do not send in damp clothing. Do not put any notes or messages in the pockets of garments as no written matter can be sent into the occupied territories with the Commission's goods. Birthday of the “American Associa- tion of the Red Cross.” March 16, 1918, will mark the thirty-sixth anniversary of the establishing of the Ameri- can Red Cross. In that short space it has grown from a struggling, little known or- ganization to a great body of eager workers numbering its members in the millions. Clara Barton who had been indefatigable in her work of mercy with the “Sanitary Commission” during the Civil War, had seen failure in the unorganized, inefficient sani- tary service that had, nevertheless, done its best for the soldiers in the field. She had seen and had deplored the sufferings to which the men of the North and the South had been unnecessarily exposed. So, after her four hard years, she went to Switzer- land to recuperate; and there, as was to be expected, she caught the spirit, the new and struggling spirit of the Red Cross that was to be the greatest humanitarian movement that ever swept the earth. Interested she gathered all possible in- formation. In due time, she returned to the United States fired with enthusiasm over the new project, only to have her hopes shat- tered by the indifference with which her suggestions were received. No stone did she leave unturned to arouse the interest of the people and of Congress, but in vain. Then came a new administration, bringing Presi- dent Chester A. Arthur to the White House. During his term of office, after further effort Congress was convinced of the urgency of the step. Great was the patience of Clara Bar- ton and proportionate was her reward for on March 16, 1882, ratification by the Sen- ate made the Red Cross of America a reality; and the “American Association of the Red Cross” came into being. Miss Ruth Morgan has been appointed a member of the Finance Committee of the Commission to France. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TIN 3 THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Woodrow Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FoREST . . . . . . Vice-President John Skelton WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee Eliot WAdsworth Price-Chairman Harvey D. Gibson . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. Gibson CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio William How ARd TAFT HENRY P. DAvison George B. CASE John D. RYAN Eliot Wadsworth A Red Cross Opportunity. The opportunity will be presented to the members of the Red Cross, in the week of March 18th to March 25th, not only to assist in a great relief work, but to demonstrate concretely to the people of this country the efficiency of the Red Cross organization. The Commission for Relief in Belgium, through its Chairman, Herbert Hoover, has asked the assistance of the Red Cross in col- lecting more than five thousand tons of se- lected used and surplus clothing throughout the United States. The Commission’s or- ganization in many parts of the country has been given up. Therefore it has turned to the Red Cross. There is no conflict in purpose between the Commission for Relief in Belgium and the Red Cross. Rather the reverse: what the Commission is doing for our Allies be- hind the German lines, the Red Cross is doing for them behind our own lines. George B. Case Becomes Member of War Council. Announcement is made of the appointment by President Wilson of George B. Case to membership in the War Council of the American Red Cross. He will take the place made vacant by the resignation of Charles D. Norton, which has been accepted by President Wilson. Mr. Norton, who is Vice- GEORGE B. CASE. President of the First National Bank of New York City, was one of the original members of the War Council and, having de- voted all his time since last May to Red Cross work, was forced by the pressure of his other business to resign from the War Council. He remains as a member of the Executive Committee. Mr. Case has been actively associated with Red Cross affairs in Washington since the War Council was formed and, prior to his appointment to that body, had been and is now Director of the Department of Law and International Relations of the Red Cross. Mr. Case, who is a member of the law firm of White & Case, 14 Wall Street, New York City, was born in Kansas City 46 years ago. He was graduated from Ando- ver in 1890; from Yale in 1894, and from Columbia Law School in 1897. His home is in Englewood, New Jersey. The War Council is now composed of the following members: Henry P. Davison, Chairman; John D. Ryan; Harvey D. Gib- son; Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., and George B. Case. Ea officio members are William H. Taft and Eliot Wadsworth. Paris Notes. The directrices of a new diet kitchen es- tablished in a French military hospital by the Red Cross and Le Bien-Etre du Blessé received an unexpected honor and compli- ment the other day when they were visited in their rounds by General Petain and his escort. The commander-in-chief stopped and shook hands with them, and made a grateful speech of thanks. He complimented them on the wonderful service the American women were rendering the French soldiers. The Nurses’ Service Bureau has supplied 152 women for various nursing activities since its organization. Besides those sent to American Red Cross hospitals it also sends out nurses to hospitals subsidized by the Red Cross. For Liverpool Hospital of Five Hun- dred Beds—$95,450. The sum of $95,450,—the equivalent at the present rate of exchange of 20,000 pounds,- has been appropriated by the War Council to be expended by the Commission to Great Britain in covering the cost of increasing the capacity of the Liverpool Hospital to 500 beds. William Endicott, Commissioner to Great Britain, reported that the Army has made this request. He had had a conference with General Bradley at Headquarters where, he was told, it was absolutely essen- tial that the Red Cross build this hospital for the Army, with the understanding that if the Army desired later to take over the hospital from the American Red Cross, re- imbursing it, it should be thoroughly under- stood that this taking over was part of the original plan, and that no criticism of the Red Cross was intended or implied. The engineers estimate the cost of six additional buildings 100 feet by 40 feet, ca- pable each of accommodating 60 patients, and including cook houses, stores, dining room, orderlies quarters, laboratory and ster- ilizing plant, at 20,000 pounds. They can be constructed at the rate of 120 beds in ten weeks and the balance in 18 weeks from the date of starting. The equipment for this hospital is not in- cluded in this appropriation. Assistant Director-General of Civil- ian Relief. J. Byron Deacon has been appointed As- sistant Director-General of Civilian Relief. He recently reorganized the Home Service work of the Red Cross in Pennsylvania after having been for a short time Secretary of the Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity. Mr. Deacon has already occupied the posi- tions of Financial Secretary of the New York Charity Organization Society and Sec- retary of the Pittsburgh Associated Chari- ties. 4 T EI E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN Volunteers Sanitary Corps, A. E. F. Offer Themselves in Fight Against Trench Fever. The second most prolific cause of wastage from the line is trench fever, a disease unknown until this present war. As mosqui- toes once were suspected to be the carriers of yellow fever germs so lice now are the suspected carriers of trench fever germs. This fact has not been proven, however. The American Red Cross is planning a cam- paign against trench fever similar to that employed against yellow fever in Cuba after the Spanish war. All the enlisted men of the Sanitary Corps who heard the call for volunteers offered themselves as subjects for experiment. Sixty were chosen. The following cablegram was received at National Headquarters from A. R. C. Head- quarters in Paris and gives these interesting details: - “American Red Cross has just started to lead a unique attack upon trench fever, - one of the most formidable enemies Con- fronting the armies fighting in France. The plan of campaign is very similar to that employed against yellow fever in Cuba immediately after the Spanish war. Two members of General Pershing's staff who have authorized this experiment were inti- mately connected with the successful fight against yellow fever in Cuba. “Trench fever, a disease unknown before the war, leads all fevers as disabling disease for soldiers and stands second on list of diseases causing wastage from the line. It has caused almost one-third of all sickness in some of the armies of northern France. The American Red Cross has set aside the necessary sum for conducting the scientific work in studying this disease. “The primary purpose is to determine whether or not trench fever is transmitted by lice just as the primary purpose in the yellow fever study was to determine whether that disease was or was not transmitted by mosquitoes. . - “All previous research by other methods having proved abortive a call was made among enlisted men of the sanitary corps of the American Expeditionary Forces for sixty volunteers who would undertake to submit themselves to exposure to the dis- ease under such conditions as the doctors might prescribe. The immediate result was that out of 500 men attached to three field hospitals and four ambulance companies every man volunteered. - “All the sixty men selected came from New England. They are now quartered at the hospital which the British Army under- took to supply as a base for this work—the British offering to supply rations for the men while the experiment was in progress. Red Cross has provided a complete labora- tory equipment for minute investigation of the infection in every phase of the disease as it may affect the men under different conditions. - . . . “Trench fever is not fatal in its effects and causes no permanent disabilities, but its effect upon the fighting power of an army is withering, and, of course, the disease involves great discomfort to the men while it is in progress. - - “A unique feature of the volunteering of these men was that when they all offered to subject themselves to this infection they supposed they would be required to go into the trenches and expose themselves to the disease under the trying conditions prevail- ing there. . - “When the experiment is completed th names of the men who will have undergone this service will be made public. The re- sults from their sacrifice should prove of great value to every allied army in the field.” Rolling Canteens to Be Sent Close Behind Our Firing Line. The War Council of the American Red Cross announces the receipt of the following cable from Paris Headquarters under date of March 3d: At the request of the United States Army the American Red Cross has just arranged to install, with all American troops now en- gaged in actually fighting the Germans, a special front line service. This is a de- velopment of the front line canteens through which the American Red Cross has, during the past six months, served more than 1,000,- 000 French poilus with hot drinks and above all else given a friendly boost right up in or near the trenches themselves. Today the Red Cross has fifteen rolling canteens behind the lines. From these can- teens are sent forward daily, often in the small hours of the night, fifty or more large receptacles containing hot drinks. These are served free to the men going on or just coming off duty. The work has proved itself to be of such value to the French that the American Army has asked the Red Cross to have this service directly in touch with the medical relief stations nearest the front. The work is often done under heavy shell fire and requires men of great bravery and sympathy. Eugene Hale, brother of Senator Hale, who has just finished six months with- out vacation with a rolling canteen near Verdun, in which he served thousands of French troops and gained great commenda- tion from French generals who noticed the character of his work, said on returning to Paris today just before leaving for America: “While the men are glad to have hot drinks, their chief satisfaction consists in the sense this service gives them of a friend being there to extend a helping hand and a cheering word at a critical or a tired hour.” American Army officers are manifesting keen interest in having the service at the disposal of the American troops. The Red Cross plans to enlist in France and in America a substantial number of men of the highest calibre to undertake this wonderful service. It will be performed at the point nearest to the fighting line at which civilians will be permitted to come in any contact with the men. War Council Appropriates $500,- 000 for Red Cross Houses. The War Council has appropriated $500,- 000, or so much of the sum as may be necessary, to cover the cost of constructing and furnishing Red Cross Houses at camps and cantonments and general hospitals in the United States. The average contract price for each of these houses so far placed is about $20,000, with an additonal $3,000 or $4,000 for fur- nishings. It is not yet known just how many of these buildings will be erected. Work, however, is about to be started in twenty-five different places. Charles E. Fox, of Chicago, has been ap- pointed Associate Director of Camp Service in charge of the construction of these Houses. - Several New Appointments at Na- tional Headquarters. A Bureau of Insurance has been created at National Headquarters. Robert E. Rathbone of R. C. Rath- bone & Son, of New York City, has accepted the position of manager of this new depart- ment, and has assumed its duties. All insurance problems will be coordinated in this Bureau. Certain additions have been made to the personnel of the Department of Supplies. Edwin S. Grant, head of the firm of 'Black and Grant, of Zanesville, Ohio, has been appointed an Associate Director of the Bureau of Purchases. - Frederick H. Ayers, head of the firm of L. S. Ayers Company, Indianapolis, In- diana, has become the Director of Stores. 5 7 S- A 4- American Red Cross to supply this number 35,000 nurses THE R AMERICAN R D CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. BULLETIN ED CROSS vol. II MARCH 18, 1918 Surgeon-General Calis Upon Ameri- can Red Cross to Supply Army of Nurses Five thousand more nurses must be re- cruited for service in the American military hospitals within the next two and one-half months. Surgeon General Gorgas, of the Unitcd States Ariſſy, has caiied upon the for the Army Nurse Corps by the first of June. These five thousand nurses are needed for service in military hospitals both in the United States and be enrolled for the government this year. Nearly seven thousand nurses already have been supplied by the Red Cross, as a reserve for the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, since the United States became a participant in the war; but as the war pro- must gresses the imperative need for a greater army of nurses grows daily. According to a statement geon General Gorgas, it is there are between eighty ninety thousand registered United States. ; | - An appeal to the nurses of the country, made by Sur- estimated that thousand and nurses in the for volunteers to meet the cail of the sur- geon general of the army, has been issued through Miss Jane A. Delano, director of the Bureau of Nursing of the American Red Cross. The nursing situation in its present as- pects is fully set forth by Miss Delano, in the following statement: VolunTEER NURSEs WANTED. “An earnest appeal is made to the nurses L ap of the country to volunteer for this service. We also appeal to the public and to the physicians employing these nurses to aid in making it possible for them, without too great financial sacrifice on their part, to hold themselves in readiness to respond to the call of their country. It has been brought to the attention of the Red Cross that fami- lies and hospitals employing nurses have occasionally hesitated to employ Red Cross Nurses lest a change be made necessary by the withdrawal of the Red Cross Nurse for the service of her country. This situation is most unfortunate and any Red Cross nurse abroad. Altogether definitely selected for service with a unit, awaiting assignment will, upon her own re- quest, be given temporary duty by the Sur- geon General, in one of our own military hospitals. “We wish also to bring to the attention of nurses the unusual opportunities offered by the insurance law, enacted for the protection of Our Army and Navy. The provisions of this insurance bill apply equally to nurses assigned to duty as members of the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, and make it pos- sible for the nurse to secure, at nominal rates, protection for herself as well as for designated members of her family dependent upon her. . . . . . . - “A great responsibility rests upon the nurses of the country. They are the only group of women recognized as a part of the military establishment. While thousands and thousands of nurses will be needed, the number is relatively small compared with the number of women in America who should stand back of them and make possible the service for which they are so greatly needed at this time. r MUST PROTECT THE NURSEs. “The nurses who share in the hardships, the dangers, and the privations incident to war should be looked upon as the represen- tatives of the womanhood of America at the front, and these women who stand ready to sacrifice all, even their lives if necessary, should receive the sympathy, the support and the interest of the millions of women whose husbands, brothers, and sons are fighting for the safety of the country. Not only should the women of the country en- courage nurses who have this blessed oppor- tunity for service to volunteer promptly, but they should make every effort possible to protect the nurses holding themselves ready for service and share with them the respon- sibility and sacrifices necessary. “A special appeal is made therefore to the nurses of America to volunteer at once through their nearest local committee on Red Cross Nursing Service, through the Director of the Bureau of Nursing in their Division, direct to Red Cross Headquarters, Washington, D. C., or to the Surgeon Gen- eral’s office, War Department, Washington, D. C.” - Mrs. Belmont Gives Personal View of Red Cross Work Abroad - and Points Lessons Mrs. August Belmont, of New York, who recently returned from Europe, where she spent five months in the interest of the American Red Cross, made an address to the staff at National Red Cross headquarters last Tuesday, relating many of her very interesting experiences at points near the fighting front and in the centers of Ameri- can Red Cross activity. . . . . . . The story of what the American Red Cross is doing in France, as told by Mrs. Belmont, is an inspiration to every citizen of the United States who may hear it. She learned, from French soldiers and women and children, of the undying affection for America which the people of France as a whole have developed as a result of deeds of mercy performed through the Red Cross. By no means the least interesting part of Mrs. Belmont's address was a pointed at- tack on tea-room gossip which is conducive to the spread of pro-German propaganda. She spoke in part as follows: HOME WORK AN INSPIRATION. “I knew very little of what we were do- ing—what the Red Cross meant here before I went away, and consequently, while I was in Europe and saw what the Red Cross did there, and what proportions its work as- surned there, I came home with the feeing that the only Red Cross work that was being done was being done in Europe. Dur- ing the past two weeks, however, I have been somewhat educated and I can’t tell you, knowing the need in Europe, and knowing how they are counting on you, I can’t tell you the inspiration—I feel to come back here and learn from the different de- partments what you all are doing, and the splendid work you are doing; how supplies are going forward constantly to Europe. This is really an absolute inspiration and I hope that after I have tried to explain a little around the country here what they are doing in Europe with the Red Cross, it may be my privilege to go back to Europe again and tell them what you are doing here. - ... • - * “One of the things that interested ºne 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN most was the spirit of the French poilu. I think when you come away from Europe, the thing that shines more brightly than anything else is the wonderful spirit of the French poilu. “Another thing was the volunteer work among the women of England. Nowhere have I seen the same self sacrifices that there is among the women of England. You find that it is spread from the highest to the lowest women of the land. They are working in surgical dressings, of the ac- cepted sort of thing we are doing here. But you find they have done it for three years—they don’t flag, there isn’t that sense of restlessness, that desire to change. I met one woman who was washing dishes in . I asked her how long she had been there. She said 18 months, and prob- ably would be right there for the duration of the war. Some have been doing their work for 18 months, 24 months, three years, always with that feeling of doing their bit no matter where. They don’t want to fly round to this place or that because it is more romantic or more interesting. They stand by their posts. GLoRIFY VoIUNTEER NURSEs. “It was my privilege to go to the British zone and I saw there the work of the volun- tee, nurses. I asked a doctor what he thought was the most glorious thing in the war, thinking he would cite some great bat- tle, some heroic deed—the flying corps or something of that sort. He said to me the glory of the war is the women, and how they have stood by, and all they have done. (I say this with due apologies to the men, for of course we women think the most glorious part of the war is the men.) He said: “We never could have managed this war in England without the women; the way they have stood by and the way they have done things, the wonderful unusual sacrifices they have made, given up the daily things of life, and in addition have taken men's places in doing the hardest kinds of manual work. He said that to a doctor, the thing that is most wonderful and more wonderful than anything else is the volum- teer Ilur Se. “In France the marvel to me was the development of the American Red Cross. When I realize that only eight months ago eighteen men started out from America not knowing each other, knowing very little of the conditions, some of them never having volunteered in the field of philanthropy ex- cept to pay checks—and when I realize when I left France 3,000 of these workers made up the organization as I travelled around France, it seemed to me there was not a link in the chain of human suffering that was not strengthened more or less by the American Red Cross organization. We have penetrated into the most obscure corners of France. We are doing organization work— new work, but in addition to that we are leaving behind a French organization. “The American Red Cross is going around finding out where a good organization ex- isted and where need is evident, then they get behind that organization and build it up so that when we move away, as some day we will, we leave behind, not an American bub- ble, but a thoroughly organized French in- stitution, educated and able to carry on the work. “One of the most interesting things among our work in France is the work of the canteens. Every one loves the canteens. The Officers tell of the effect on their men of the canteens. I went along the French line handing out cigarettes to the men and you have no idea how grateful they were. They asked me if I were English. I told them I was an American. Then their faces would beam. They would tell of the dinner they had at this canteen or that, saying they never had a better one, how splendid the American women were and how well they took care of them. “The front canteens or the rolling can- teens which are right behind the lines invaluable. #, "e The effect on the men is tre- A captain said to me once that when the men know there was a Red Cross canteen behind their lines, and they showed signs of weariness, he would say: ‘Never mind, just wait a few hours or a little mendous. longer (as the case might be), and then you’ll have some good American coffee,’ and they go right at it again. SoME CANTEEN RECORDs. “Just for example of how much these canteens mean to the boys at the front: In the last five months, we have served 700,000 Soldiers. The line of communication can- teens, which are very nice and much more comfortable, have a big canteen room, rest room, and writing room, and this is decor- ated by the camouflage artists, which gives it a most delightful artistic touch. We are serving about 20,000 men daily. “In the Metropolitan canteen in Paris, the Red Cross served in the last four months 3,000,000 portions of food. The work done in these canteens is perfectly splendid. You have no idea what a friend the American Red Cross is. One of the boys said to me, that they are changed from one place to another, and to them it means just another strange place; but, we find the Red Cross has been there ahead of us.” | “With respect to the attitude of the French toward the Americans, nothing so well illustrates it as the pleasing story of the old lady, a repatrie in Evian who some- what resembled a portrait by Rembrandt. On finding she was speaking to an American she held out both hands with a heartfelt clasp, and telling the story of what the Red Cross had done for her daughter and little grandchild who had previously passed through Evian, and to whom she was going, she said: “Please say to the Americans that an old woman in France says “God bless them.” ” Won DERS IN WAREHOUSEs. “One of my greatest joys was going through our warehouses. Each warehouse takes care of its own particular district. Go- ing through these warehouses you see boxes representing Chapters from Texas to Maine. I also went through one of our hospitals The doctors talked of our splendid supplies. that was working in the British zone. The quantities of supplies that are in these warehouses is one of the rare joys over there, and that is what it is your business and my business to do—to keep those ware- houses filled, keep those supplies going over all the time; and I feel that the work over there is tremendously important, but that they couldn’t do it unless we were here to back it up. - - “Keep on with that sense that you are really taking your part by really helping that front line. I feel that the American Red Cross is the citizens army. And, if we all think together, pull together, and work together, we will mean a great deal to those men over there in France. “I want to say a word in conclusion about the evils of gossip, in these days of war. The way really to do our bit is to make ourselves a stone wall in receiving criticisms of our Government and our Red Cross. Some lady came to me in Paris and said, “Do you know I heard this, and of course I know it is absolutely false, but I am tell- ing it to you, because I know it is nothing more than pro-German propaganda.” “I asked her when she had become pro- German. She seemed somewhat surprised. But I told her that the moment any of us repeated anything we heard in the way of criticism of our Government, we were , UIl- consciously doing the work of the German propagandists. Instead of repeating it or even listening to it, we should say: ‘do you know what the Red Cross is doing here or there, or what the army is doing?” . “Let us talk about what good they are doing instead of other things.” . T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 THE AM E. RIC A.N. R. E. D C F O SS NATIONAL H E A D QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooDRow WILSON ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . President . . Vice-President g = e º e º s e º 'º & E * * John SKELTON WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . Counselor * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Secretary STOCKTON AxSON WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSworTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON . * * * * * * * * Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUS N. BLIss, JR. HENRY P. DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE JOHN D. RYAN * * * B & e º ºs & & © º º Ex Officio WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT ELIOT WADsworth Nurses for the Army. Earnest attention on the part of Red Cross workers in all parts of the country should be directed to the call for nurses for the military hospital service. The surgeon general of the United States army sees the need of increasing the nurs- ing army by five thousand before June 1, and thirty-five thousand by January 1, and it is up to the Red Cross to see that the requirements of the army in this particular are fully and promptly met. itself in the matter without delay, to the end that the nurses in every community shafī be made familiar with the situation. It is through the Red Cross that army and navy hospitals are supplied with nurses, and the organization would fail in one of its primary duties if the calls of the military authorities were not responded to according to the letter as well as the spirit of Red Cross service. The situation apparently demands more than merely to put the need of their services before the registered nurses. In another column Miss Jane A. Delano, director . Of the bureau of nursing of the American Red Cross, states certain prevailing condi- . . . General Manager more tions that chapters and chapter members Division Department Heads Meet individually, can do much to remedy. A reading of Miss Delano’s statement will point the way for principal obstacles to volunteering for mili- tary nursing service on the part of those who otherwise would be quick to respond. Many sincerely patriotic persons may, in considering their own special wants or de- sires, incline to the belief that the nursing situation is not so acute that they need suf- fer any inconvenience, even temporarily. Among such persons the Red Cross workers have a field for convincing effort. It must be remembered that the army needs nurses just as much as it needs fight- ing men. part of every Red Cross chapter ought to clear the situation immensely. Soldiers Scotch Rumors Regarding Sale of Red Cross Articles. Soldiers of General Pershing’s expedi- tionary force who undesignedly ers and other articles to the troops, are hastening to correct the false impression. A careful investigation made by the Red Cross clearly establishes the fact that there - - is no basis for any such charge. Every Red Cross chapter should interest A cablegram states that Lieutenant H. A. Deesback, of the 16th Infantry, Ameri- can Expeditionary Force, has obtained the following signed copy of a letter from Oscar B. Hopkins, Co. G, 16th Infantry, to Mrs. Minerva Allison, dated February 17, 1918: - . “I am writing a line to correct a state- ment regarding a letter I wrote you No- vember 14, 1917, concerning the Red Cross. In a thoughtless moment I wrote that the Red Cross charges two prices for things they sold us; but as a matter of fact I have never known them to sell anything to anyone, as far as I know myself. am, indeed, sorry that my thoughtlessness caused this, and I want you to show this removing the A bit of educational work on the started, rumors that the American Red Cross—or its representatives—had been selling sweat- for War Fund Drive Talk. Have Family Luncheon. Managers, publicity directors, and other executives from Red Cross divisions throughout the country, met at National headquarters Monday and Tuesday of last week to compare notes and exchange ideas preliminary to starting the second war fund campaign activities. There was a “family luncheon” at the Hotel Lafayette on Monday. Those present were: . Atlantic Division: J. F. Doherty, Asso- ciate Publicity Director; J. H. Gannon, Executive Secretary; Frank Parker Stock- bridge, Publicity; L. P. Shumway, Manager, Western N. Y. District; Chas. Hiſ Simmons; ~ Jason Rogers, Chairman of Publicity; Al- bert T. Tamblyn, Speakers' Bureau (Di- rector of Development). - - Central Division: F. G. Austin, Michi- gan War Fund Campaign; Lewis W. Wiggins, First Assistant to Division Chair- man; Clarence Hough, Director of Pub- licity; C. N. Strotz, Campaign Manager, Chicago Chapter; Geo. B. Stadden, Man- ager, Illinois; J. Lee Barrett, Director, Bureau of Publicity, Michigan; Clifford Ar- rick, War Fund Publicity Manager. New England Division: B. W. Trafford, New England Chairman; George A. Gaskill, New England Vice-Chairman; Thomas J. Feeney, Chairman, Publicity Committee. Lake Division: D. C. Dougherty, Man- eger News Bureau; C. B. Dyer, Executive Secretary; W. W. Wheeler, Manager Ad- vertising; H. W. Elvidge, Campaign Di- rector, Indianapolis, Ind. . Southwestern Division: George W. Briggs, Asst. Division Manager; Orin R. Coile, Asst. Publicity Director; Louis La Beaume, Pub- licity Director Southern Division: Willis J. Milner, Jr., Director of Publicity: H. V. Carson, Pub- licity Bureau. - . - Pacific Division: Edward H. Brown, Executive Secretary; Guy P. Kinsley, Di- rector, Publicity and Speakers. Gulf Division: W. J. Leppert, Division Manager. - . Pennsylvania Division: Theodore E. Ash, I Director of Publicity; Edgar Munson, Executive Secretary. . . . - Potomac Division: David H. Brown, Di- letter to any of the Red Cross workers and rector, Bureau of Development; J ohn offer my apologies.” The American Red Cross has completed plans for the establishment of farms and gardens near the various base hospitals. rector of Publicity. Poole, Division Chairman. . Insular and Foreign: O. K. Davis, Di- Greater New York: Will L. Finch, Or- ganization Director. -- 4. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Second Red Cross War Fund Drive to Take Place During the Week of May 20–27.-Another $100,000,000 Must Be Raised.— Those Who Planned Details of the Campaign - - - - º - DIRECTOR'S OF SECOND AMERICAN RED CROSS WAR FUND CAMPAIGN, FROM PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 1. H. P. Davison, Chairman War Council. 2. Harvey D. Gibson, General Manager Red Cross. 3. William H. Crocker, Member National War Finance Committee. San Francisco, Cal 4 awrence Phipps, Sr., Member National War Finance Committee, Denver, Colo. 5. Charles Scott, Jr., Manager of Pennsylvania Division. 6. George Scott, Director of Division Organization. 7. Henry White, Manager of Potomac Division. 8. C. D. Stimson, Manager of Northwestern Division, Seattle, Wash. 9. Henry Lindley, National War Finance Committee, Seattle, Wash. 10. Ethan Allen, Manager of Atlantic Di- vision, New York City. 11. Samuel M. Greer, Director of Bureau of Development, National Headquarters. 12. Dr. R. D. Teusler, Director of St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo. 13. James B. Garfield, Manager of Lake Division, Cleveland, O. 14. Randolph Ortman, National Headquarters. 15. Charles S. Ward, National Advisory Committee. 16. William C. Breed, National War Finance Committee, New York City. 17. G. M. Dahl, National War Finance Committee, New York City. 18. Eliot Wadsworth, Vice-Chairman of Central Committee. 19. Wickes Wamboldt. 20. William Lawrence Peel, Manager of Southern Division, Atlanta, Georgia. 21. Seward Presser, Member National War Finance Committee, New York City. 22. E. T. Stotesbury, Member Na- tional War Finance Committee, Philadelphia. 23. Marshall Haie, Manager of Pacific Division, San Francisco. 24. Willoughby Walling, Associate Director of Bureau of Division Organization. 25. George Murname, Assistant to General Manager. 26. Dr. Axson, Secretary of Red Cross. 27. Julius Rosenwald, Member National War Finance Committee, Chicago. 28. John Poole, Chairman War Finance Committee, Potomac Division. 29. Otis H. Cutler, Manager of Insular and Foreign Division, National War Finance Committee, National Hearguarters. 30. Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., Member of War Council, Member of National War Finance Committee. 31. Leland Hume, Atlanta, Ga. 32. Joseph M. Hartfield, Counsel to War Council. 33. Orrin C. Lester, Speakers Bureau. 34. John Leslie, National War Finance Committee, Minneapolis. 35. George W. Simmons, Manager of southwestern Division, St. Louis. 36. John W. Morey, Manager of Mountain Division, Denver. 37. Louis La Beaume, Publicity Director, St. Louis. 38. R. F. Grant, Member National War Finance Committee, Cleveland. 39. Keith Spalding, Associate Director of Division Organization. 40. John M. Miller, National War Finance Committee, Richmond, Va. 41. Hugh S. Bird, Assistant Treasurer. 42. Charles G. Dubois, Comptroller. 43. Frederick J. Fuller, Assistant Treasurer of War Fund, Vice-Pres. Central Trust Co., N. Y. 44. Joseph R. Swan, Deputy Commissioner for France. 45. Ivy L. Lee, Assistant to Chairman of War Council. 46. John D. Ryan, Member of War Council. 47. Dr. Pierce. 48. Harvey J. Hill, National Advisory Committee. 49. Harry G. Hoak, National Headquarters. 50. Willis J. Milner, Atlanta, Ga., Publicity Director. 51. John L. Johnston, Member National War Finance Committee, St. Louis. 52. Mr. Ellis, Atlanta, Ga. 53. Mr. Halter, National Headquarters. 54. James G. Blaine, Jr., Bureau of Development. 55. Joseph H. Hamlen, Assistant to Vice-Chairman. 56. Dr. Snavely, Atlanta, Ga., Bureau of Development, Southern Division. 57. John W. Prentiss, Financial Assistant to the War Council. Y-l V , A $75 4- AMERICAN RED CROSS , , WASHINGTON, D. C. f:-....? i. Vol. II MARCH 25, 1918 No. 13 Work Done by Department Military Affairs A. R. C. in France During February. The following cablegram giving bald facts as to the work of the Department of Mili- tary Affairs in France for the month of February was received at National Head- quarters March 19th from Major Perkins, American Red Cross Commissioner to Europe: Department of Military Affairs report for February: 14 rolling canteens at the front supplied 439,000 drinks to French soldiers. Eleven canteens on French lines of com- munication supplied 475,000 meals. Metropolitan canteens supplied food and drink to 440,000 men. Hospital Supply Service supplied 1,465 hospitals with 4,096 cases containing 257,863 articles and weighing 234,722 pounds. Military Supply Service distributed to soldiers 5,580 socks, 3,316 sweaters, 1,560 ponchos, 6,000 gloves, 1,110 mufflers, 13,050 comfort bags. -vº. Shipped from Bureau of Donations to hospitals, for United States soldiers, 199,600 flannel pajamas, 146,000 muslin pajamas, 22,500 handkerchiefs, 13,000 socks, 5,100 shirts. Ten hundred and forty cases, each con- taining 122 cartons of tobacco and cigarettes, were distributed to the U. S. Soldiers. Opened for service during the month three rest stations on the line of communication and one emergency canteen where soldiers who are on leave are supplied with food going to and returning from the leave dis- trict. At the rest stations our soldiers a]’e fed by Red Cross women workers who supply them with food and either hot choco- late or coffee from the railway platform. Each rest station is feeding about 600 men a day. At , each rest station there is an infirmary in charge of a Red Cross nurse who looks after any of the soldiers who are taken sick while in transit, and if they are too sick to continue the journey they remain at the infirmary where there are excellent accommodations for them. The Bureau of Farms has leased farms or truck gardens near seven base hospitals. These will be worked by convalescent sol- diers and the vegetables will be given to the partment will assure the thousands hospitals. At three other base hospitals we are supplying seeds, implements and money and will have a general supervision over the farms. A. E. F. Supply Service put into operation recreation huts at four hospitals. Film service and moving picture machines installed at three hospitals, and 57 phono- graphs and five pianos at new rest rooms at hospitals and camps. Three thousand novels, 11,500 magazines and 24,000 newspapers were distributed to camps and base hospitals. At one of the large aviation camps furnished a band with complete set of musical instruments. At a point near the Coast we opened a hospital for men of the Navy. This is be- ing maintained and operated by the A. R. C. Arranged for the housing of convalescent officers and nurses on Riviera. Soldiers’ Sweaters and Knitted Ar- ticles to Be Protected from Moths This Summer. In order to protect from moths and dam- age in other forms during the summer. months Red Cross sweaters and other knit- ted articles furnished to the soldiers, an order has been issued under date of March IIth, by the Adjutant General of the Army addressed to all Commanding Generals and all Department Commanders, instructing them to have an inventory taken at once of all articles of wearing apparel issued by the Red Cross and to require the Unit Supply Officers to take up on their return and account for these articles as though they were government property regularly supplied by the Quartermaster’s Corps. Furthermore, they are to exercise the same care in their use and preservation and are to turn them in to the Quartermaster for renovation at the end of the season or when no longer required, to be reissued when needed. • . This action on the part of the War De- of American women who have knitted sweaters and other articles for the soldiers for winter use that the articles which they have made are to receive the same careful attention as clothing or any other article furnished by the Government. A. R. C. Is Exciusive Distributor of Official U. S. and French Motion Pictures. This general letter has been sent out from National Headquarters by Ralph Wolf, Di- rector, Bureau of Pictures, under date of March 13: The American Red Cross has been desig– nated by the United States Government as the official and exclusive distributor of its official motion pictures. A substantially Similar arrangement has been made with the French Government, with respect to official French motion pictures. We have also prepared for distribution sets of stereopticon slides, accompanied by a descriptive reading or lecture. Each set of slides consists of between fifty and sixty pictures. 3. We are deeply appreciative of the im- portant services heretofore rendered by you, and now ask your further cooperation. It is to the interest of the Government and of the Red Cross that the motion pictures and sets of slides should receive the very widest possible distribution. WAR SCENEs ABROAD. The pictures present a visualization of the war scenes abroad and of the work of the Red Cross generally, and will undoubt- edly be of tremendous interest to the people of the United States. . The motion pictures may be rented; the sets of slides may either be rented, or pur- chased outright. The rental price of the motion pictures is usually $5 per reel per performance. The rental price of slides is $1.75 per performance for plain black and white slides, and $2.50 for all colored slides. If it is desired to purchase the set of slides outright, the price is $8 for the plain black and white, and $25 for the all colored set. The above prices include the descriptive reading or lecture. One or more slides may be purchased at 20 cents per slide for the plain black and white slides, and 50 cents for the colored slides. - WHERE You CAN GET THEM. You can obtain the motion pictures and the sets of slides from the Division Man- 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ager of the Red Cross. This will facilitate the receipt of the pictures by you. As you perhaps know, the United States, so far as the American Red Cross is concerned, is divided into thirteen divisions, and in each division there is a Division Manager. You can ascertain the name and address of your Division Manager from any Red Cross or— ganization. By application to the Division Manager, you can obtain either the motion pictures, or sets of slides. - SET A. N ow READY. The set of slides now ready for release is known as SET A,-“AMERICA’S OP- |PORTUNITY.” Set B will be ready for release on March 25th, and will be entitled “THE JUNIOR RED CROSS.” It illustrates what the Red Cross does for children and what our chil- dren can do for the Red Cross. A catalogue of slides is in course of prep- aration, which lists all slides on hand, with a brief description thereof. Upon receipt of ten cents we will be pleased to mail it to you when completed. Requests and remittances for catalogue should be made either to your Division Manager, or to American Red Cross, Bureau of Pictures, 120 West 41st St., New York City. * An Expression of Deep Gratitude for Help to Italian Refugees. The following letter written by an Italian lady in Florence to a friend in America, mirrors the feeling in that part of Italy for America: - Now that we are in the midst of this terrific war, I feel growing more and more my deep admiration and love for your great country. I want to express personally to my American friends all my gratitude for the wonderful help your country gives to all the Allies, and the sympathy you express to Italy. What the American Red Cross does for our poor refugees no words can de- scribe, nor can our hearts express their deepest gratitude. How thoughtful, how generous! Red Cross Stories for Children. Copies of Red Cross Stories for Children, by Georgene Faulkner, with an introduction by Dr. H. N. MacCracken, President of Vassar College, can now be bought in bulk by Chapters from the publishers, Daugha- day and Company, of Chicago. Twenty-five thousand copies of this book have been print- ed, and the entire profits from its sale will go to the Red Cross. The Air Raid Rescue Service Is Now a Regular Activity of A. R. C. in Paris. The National Headquarters in Washing- ton received on March 18th the following cablegram from the Paris Headquarters, dated March 76th, but delayed in the send- wng: Air Raid Rescue Service is now part of regular activities of American Red Cross in Paris. Under arrangements with Prefects the garage of the Transportation Depart- ment is advised through police of location where aid is wanted. Ambulances and rescue parties are on duty nightly, ready to respond instantly to these calls. All the workers in this branch of transportation service are equipped with gas masks and helmets. In late raid five calls were received within an hour for Red Cross help at as many dif- ferent points, some of them several miles apart. Not only are Red Cross men trans- porting dead and wounded, but are fre- quently doing rescue work in the ruins, working alongside of the police and firemen. To remove as many as fifty dead and wounded to morgue and hospital is not un- usual night's work. GENERALIY GHASTLY: Som ETIMEs HUMOROUs. Although it is ghastly business there is, now and then, a humorous incident such as happened the other night when the trans- portation men were called upon to rescue the occupant of a taxi which had run into a shell hole, engine still running when pas– senger was dragged out, driver meanwhile having abandoned his cab and disappeared into the crowd. President Poincare and Premier Clemenceau recently at place where bomb had demolished house while American Red Cross men were re- moving wounded. arrived That the American Red Cross has also established an Anti-Gas Bomb Station for needy victims of the air raids on Paris is told in the following cablegram from the Associated Press in Paris, dated March 14th, but received in this country March 17th : The air raid service of the American Red Cross ambulances, which thrice have been the first to reach scenes of disaster, has been supplemented by an anti-gas bomb station in the Place de la Concorde. The Red Cross has notified the Prefect of Police of its readiness to aid in sheltering and caring for uninjured but needy victims immediately after raids. The Prefect expressed his gratitude, and informed the police stations, which already have made use of American aid. A letter sent to the Minister of the Interior Tuesday said: “The American Red Cross already is deeply concerned over the cruel conse- quences of the war affecting women, chil- dren and other non-combatants. It has, as you are aware, given evidence of this con- cern by cooperating closely with your vari- ous services in the care of repatriated refu- gees and those evacuated from near the front. AID SHELTERLESS FAMILIES. “Our ambulances have been at your dis- posal collecting and removing to hospitals the killed and wounded in raids upon Paris. Besides these victims we learn that in each raid there are families driven from home who have difficulty in finding shelter. It seems our plain duty and our great privi- lege to aid these people suddenly and in- humanly driven from home. We shall be greatly obliged if you will indicate some practical means to give expression to this further slight evidence of the spirit of close alliance between France and America.” §: VACANT HOTEI, UTILIZED. The Minister immediately and gratefully accepted the offer, and the Red Cross ob- tained a hotel which had not been used since the war began, when the proprietor was called to the colors. Table and kitchen ware as well as linen had been removed, but the building was in good order. Even before the lease was signed workers had cleaned one floor and provided blankets and sheets for forty-eight raid victims. This number will be increased to 150. - - * * º In one of the recent raids the American Red Cross mobilized 105 men at the first warning and ten automobiles sped to points where bombs had fallen. Paris Notes. Indications are that the Red Cross will be able to save a considerable amount through its new policy of paper conserva- tion. The partially-used paper that has been salvaged since the collection system went into effect will soon make its appearance in the form of memorandum pads. Red Cross workers are earnestly urged to cooperate fully with the efforts for paper conserva- tion. The Red Cross recently received a gift of 150 cases of apples from America. These were distributed among six L. O. C. can- teens to dispense to the soldiers. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN 3 THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WOODROW WILSON ROBERT W. DE FOREST President Vice-President Treasurer Counselor Secretary JOHN W. DAVIS Stockton Axson e tº 4 e º 'º e º e & sº e º tº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSworTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager tº º ºs e º is a tº e º º & º e º s ſº e º e º Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CORNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN © e º 'º e º 'º e º & © tº º ELIOT WADsworth The Red Cross Emblem In answer to inquiries frequently made, as well as to correct an impression regard- ing the original significance of the symbol that appears to prevail in some quarters, the following facts concerning the adoption of the Red Cross emblem are presented: The Red Cross was founded through 2. diplomatic convention held in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1864. The treaty of Geneva, Or, as it is sometimes called, the Red Cross treaty, provided for a flag for hospitals and convoys and an arm badge for persons. The design proposed was a red cross on a white ground. This was in compliment to the country in which the congress was sit- ting, the Swiss flag being a white cross on a red ground. The Red Cross flag, there- fore, is the national flag of Switzerland with the colors reversed. - Inasmuch as the cross symbolizes the Christian religion, the idea prevails with some persons, who are unfamiliar with the early history of the Red Cross, that the em- blem has a distinctly religious significance— that in adopting it the signatories to the treaty had principally in mind the humani- tarianism of Christianity. But the univers- ality of the underyling idea, embracing all nations and all religions, divorced it from any such significance. particular cross that suggested the Red In other words, the Cross emblem was heraldic rather than re- ligious. - It is true that the Mohammedan antipathy to the cross in any form subsequently caused Turkish representatives to protest against operating under the emblem, and it was specially provided that the organization in Turkey should have a red crescent for a symbol. But Japan and China have the red cross for an emblem; and all the other countries of the world, in short, recognize it in its true non-sectarian and non-religious significance. - At a banquet given for the delegates to the original convention of 1864 there was in the center of the table a large piece of con- fection, representing a fortress with its gar- rison and sanitary workers, distinguished by the Red Cross brassard, pursuing their functions. The tower was surmounted by small silk flags of the Swiss Republic and Canton of Geneva, around the central flag, a red cross on a white field, the emblem of neutrality just adopted. After the first toast this flag was taken from its place by the president of the convention, who, turning to the representative of the United States Sanitary Commission, presented it to him as a token of appreciation of the Commission's labors for the good of humanity. Soldier Wanted to Make Red Cross His Beneficiary. A recent letter from an officer in one of our cantonments to a friend at National Headquarters ran, in part, as follows: One of the men in our headquarters com- pany came to me this morning to get me to witness his application for the War Risk Insurance. He wanted to know if he could not name the Red Cross as his beneficiary. He said that the Red Cross was doing things for the comfort and happiness of himself and his friends and he wanted to do some- thing for it. When I told him that he would have to name some member of his family as his beneficiary he was very much disap- pointed. I promised to find out for him how he could help the Red Cross in some other way. * The Reason Why Bright Colors Are Specified in Layettes for French Babies. Why have bright colors been specified in the standardization of layettes for French infants, by the American Red Cross? This is the purport of many inquiries reaching National Headquarters from women work- ers who seem to feel that the selection of pale pink or blue material for these layettes is impractical, and that the Red Cross should have specified gray or tan. Miss Elizabeth S. Hoyt, assistant to the general manager of the Red Cross, who made a visit to France for the express pur- pose of determining essential facts pertain- ing to the standardization of garments de- signed for Red Cross relief, gives an ex- planation of the situation that ought to satisfy all who are interested in the work. As explained by Miss Hoyt the idea of doing the most practical thing has been the real determining factor. The standardization of the layette was decided after consultation with a large num- ber of persons who are working among the women and children of France. It was developed that the layette offered almost the only opportunity for the use of colored materials. Neither the women nor the chil- dren of France will wear bright colored clothes, but all of the refugee women take great pride in dressing their babies as gaily and daintily as possible. There is, moreover, a psychological factor. It was felt that the women would take more pride in keeping their babies clothes clean and fresh if they were not made of dingy, dreary colors. Many of the women to whom the layettes are given have undergone great suffering and privation, and the mere sight of pretty, cheerful clothes for their babies often has a very marked effect on their mental recuperation. Inasmuch as the layettes afford the sole opportunity to make colored garments for the refugees, it appears that the only reason- able thing to do is to accede to the wishes of those for whom relief is being admin- istered. - New Volunteer at Headquarters. The Department of Supplies at National Headquarters has augmented its personnel by the addition of Bentley P. Neff, Vice- President of F. A. Patrick Company, whole- sale, manufacturing dry goods merchants of Duluth, Minn. Mr. Neff has volunteered his services to the American Red Cross and is to be associated with Mr. Gifford in the Bureau of Purchases, - 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T H N Work of Department Civil Affairs A. R. C. in France During Month of February. The Department of Civil Affairs in France, through Major Perkins, A. R. C. Commis- sioner to Europe furnishes the National Headquarters the following summary of its work in France during the month of Feb- ruary: The Department had a staff of 490 per- sons on March 1st and was working in 98 cities and villages. This did not include the Friends Unit with a staff of 145 covering 2I stations; or the Smith College Unit with a staff of 17 operating in 11 villages. The Department had nine civilian hos- pitals with a capacity of 1,061 beds, and 46 dispensaries where it gave medical care to children—tubercular or refugee. It cared for repatriates through an organization of 53 Delegates and Associates covering 46 Departments. It worked in the devastated area through six districts. - In farm agricultural reeducation work, 100 people were occupied in 32 towns, while during February 87 hospital beds were added in this division and 10 dispensaries. During the month of February the hos- pitals cared for 1,081 persons while the number receiving dispensary examination was 22,183—including among these latter 9,715 repatriate children at Evian. The Department’s delegates aided in the reception and the establishment of 7,550 repatriates in the provinces; 19,343 persons in the devastated areas were aided by grants of food, goods or farm implements. While the available statistics are neces- sarily incomplete they show that 102,974 persons were reached and substantially aid- ed by the Department during February. Among these were included 5,925 under- nourished Paris school children and 948 tubercular patients in Paris who received supplementary food daily. Grants of money to outside organizations for February totaled 502,276 Francs. Of this sum organizations for relief from tuberculosis received 200,575 Francs; relief and reconstruction in devastated areas 40,- 600 Francs; refugees and general relief 200,701 Francs; children, 59,300 Francs, and 1,100 Francs for war cripples. Grants of goods were made through 29 delegates and 120 outside organizations: of which 59 had to do with tuberculosis, 35 refugees, 21 children, 4 reconstructions and 1 mutiles. - - Grants of goods include 130,507 articles of clothing and pairs of shoes; 95,595 pounds of foodstuffs; 19,247 articles of furniture and household utensils; 29,221 yards of cloth; 27,851 articles of bedding and house- hold linen; 7,969 articles of hospital equip- ment and supply; 303 tons of coal and 4,735 unclassifiable articles. American Agricultural Implements for Serbs at Monastir. Maj. Francis Jager, in charge of Red Cross reconstruction work in Serbia, sails for Saloniki April 10, with a cargo load of American agricultural implements and sup- plies, which will enable him to start the project of converting into farm land 20,000 acres of the Monastir plain. Tractors, plows, harvesting machines, discs, threshing machines, seeds, farming equip- ment of all kinds, are included in the cargo. The aim of this great work under the American Red Cross, is to make the 50,000 Serbian refugees self-supporting and to start the rehabilitation of that portion of the Serbian race, which fled from their home villages and farms before the Austrian armies, and since that time has been living in a condition of indescribable misery and suffering in the Monastir territory. Maj. Jager, who is a priest of the Roman Catholic Church, and formerly a member of the faculty of the agricultural experiment station of the University of Minnesota, went to Serbia as a member of the Red Cross Serbian Commission. He returned to the United States last December. Since that time he has been engaged in making his plans and purchasing equipment for the great work of agricultural restoration which he will carry out at Monastir. A graphic picture of war conditions among these Serbs was drawn by Father Jager in a talk which he gave at National Headquarters last Tuesday. Among all the nations made martyrs by the cruelty of the Germans and the Austri- ans, the two Central Powers, in the infliction of ghastly and wanton suffering, seem to have concentrated the vials of their wrath on the helpless Serbians. Junior Red Cross to Help Collect Books for the War Service Committee. No work appeals more to the Junior Red Cross than an actual share in helping our soldiers and sailors who are training to go abroad. Many fathers and big brothers in the camps add a personal note to the appeal. The Junior Red Cross, therefore, is very glad that Mr. Herbert Putnam, of the Li- brary of Congress and General Director of technical books. the War Service Committee of the American Library Association, has asked its aid in collecting books and in bringing them fo libraries where they are sorted and sent to the camps. Many people willing to part with their books have no means of getting them to the libraries. School Auxiliaries can, therefore, be called upon to collect such books. Any public library receives books for the camps. School libraries also have been authorized by Mr. Putnam as receiving stations. - The War Service Committee knows the books which the soldiers are actually de- manding. Sometimes the soldiers want to be amused. Then they ask for the universal boy’s favorites, such as “Huckleberry Finn” and “Tom Sawyer,” or for any good novel or poetry, especially by modern authors. Sometimes they take advantage of the quiet evenings to educate themselves. So they want books of travel, short biographies of great men, and authoritative up-to-date Most of all the soldiers wish to know about the war they are enter- ing and the countries to which they are going. War stories (such as “Over the Top” or “The First Hundred Thousand”), modern histories of western Europe, books about the Allied languages and peoples, are sure to be busy as long as they hold together. Current magazines are desirable if mailed promptly. Juniors are not to collect them but to mail them as soon as possible after they are issued. A one cent stamp on an unaddressed magazine will carry it to some camp library. Soldiers can buy the cheaper magazines most easily, so the Juniors are asked to mail the more expensive ones when possible. - { Thus the War Service Committee offers the chance for patriotic service to the Jun- iors, a service that will continue as long as we have soldiers training in camps and a service that makes directly for a better army. Bureau of Camp Service Now Has Fifty-nine Field Directors. There are now fifty-nine field directors representing the Bureau of Camp Service in national army cantonments, national guard mobilization camps, and naval stations. This camp service was established to render em- ergency aid and to provide comforts for the men, such as knitted outfits and comfort kits. When an emergency exists, the Red Cross supplies on military request some of the articles which the Government under- takes to furnish but has not available. HV S-7s- A 4- i Aº 2^ * * THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II APRIL 1, 1918 No. 14 Each of Fifty Thousand Soldier Families in France Given One Hundred Francs. The American Red Cross has divided among the Departments of France five mil- lions of francs to aid the soldier families which have suffered most grievously in the war. To say that the French nation has been touched to its heart is no exaggeration. General Petain, Senators, presidents of Departmental Councils, were among the first to reply in terms of warmest thanks; but other letters that have come in to headquar- ters—hundreds of them—breathe a deeper gratitude because they are from those to whom the money means the vital necessities of life, The donations are made in allotments of one hundred francs to each family. In some instances this sum goes through the Prefec- tures of the various Departments, in others it goes direct. Some have received it at the Mairie—getting it from “le bon pere” after he has said mass. But however it comes, and through what- ever local medium, they know the source of this beneficence and are greatly moved by the generosity of the American people. A very young child has laboriously writ- ten: “My little sister and I thank the American Red Cross so very much for the gift of a hundred francs to our Mama. Our Papa died for France, and, Monsieur, long live America!—our Ally, who has come to help us drive away those nasty Boches, and who will revenge the death of our Papa.” This is one of the many that have come from the pens of children. The seven ages of our ephemeral existence are, however, amply represented. The girl of seventeen writes: . “It is a wonderful kind of friendship, as I was left alone without father and brothers; a deed of friendship rich with material and moral encouragement that I shall keep as a precious memory of the ‘American Red Cross’.” - A young widow says: “I have received the donation from the Red Cross of America, and am so grateful for this good action. Please, Monsieur, tell to this organization, and the generous souls across the water, of my profoundest and sincerest thanks. I shall teach my fatherless children to love and respect our good Ally— America. For myself, I shall never forget!” This quotation comes from a grandmother —and the aged have tasted the bitterness of War : “Monsieur, I address to you my thanks for the generous gift from the American Red Cross, which was paid to me at the Mairie of the 15th arrondissement. Yet I do not know how to express my thanks—my gratitude 1 My grandson, who was all my hope and my Support, fell at the age of twenty-six, mor- tally wounded in Belgium, and died a pris- oner in Germany. It is he who still watches over me from his tomb, and I thank you in his name. I am 74 years old and have been ill for years; now I shall never recover from his death. “I pray that God will chastise and revenge us on this cursed Germany, and that He will bless all those generous people in beloved America who have helped so generously the stricken ones here who are suffering in this war.” - - And another woman writes: “This gift will enable me to send a parcel to my poor husband who writes from Ger- many (a prisoner) saying that he is starv- ing. God bless the American Red Cross which came at such a sad time to brighten our lives with a ray of sunlight, and to help us reach the harbor of peace. Of this I shall keep the remembrance all my life; and teach it to my wee ones when they are old enough to learn how to love America.” * 3% 3% 3. * # $ * France never forgets—either an injury or a kindness. No “False Ribbing” at the Top of Hand Machine Socks. There seems to be some misunderstand- ing throughout the field as to the correct- ness of putting what is known as “false ribbing” at the top of socks which are made by the hand machines. - This false ribbing should never be used at the top of the socks. . INA. M. TAFT, - Sup’t Garments, Bureau of Chapter Production. War Council Makes New Appro- priation of $1,193,125 to the British Red Cross. The War Council of the American Red Cross just announced an appropriation of $1,193,125 as an additional contribution to the British Red Cross. The first contribu- tion, made on Oct. 16, 1917, was $1,000,000. Both of the contributions are to be used for the relief of sick and wounded in hospitals, clearing Stations, and on lines of communi- cation within spheres of activity of the Brit- ish Red Cross. - Both Of the organizations have cooperated in the past and intend to continue working together in the future. So far their work has been of the greatest service in aiding American soldiers and sailors in travail from disasters at sea in the vicinity of the #3: Isles. The recent sinking of the “Tuscania” is a case in point. Aid is also given to sol- diers and sailors suffering from illness or injury on land. This cooperation between the American and the British Red Cross has drawn the two organizations very closely together in sympathy as well as in works of charity. The letter of William Endicott, A. R. C. Commissioner to Great Britain, accompany- ing the check is as follows: Sir Robert Hudson, Treasurer: I am authorized by the War Council of the American Red Cross to give to the British Red Cross £250,000 and I take great pleasure in handing you herewith our check for that amount. We realize how little it is in our power to lessen the horrors of war but we feel it a privilege to aid by this contribution in the care of the wounded who have so gal- lantly fought for the cause which is now ours as well as yours and to alleviate as far as possible the suffering caused by the great battle now raging in France. May we, therefore, ask that you use this money for the purchase of hospital supplies and the care of the sick and wounded. This donation is accompanied by our heartiest good wishes and our sincere ap- preciation of the work that your society has accompished. - 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TIN On an Easy Method of Avoiding the Necessity of Writing Cer- tain Letters of Inquiry. At the request of the Official U. S. Bul- letin we publish the following statement: Owing to the enormous increase of gov- ernment war work the governmental depart- ments at Washington are being flooded with letters of inquiry on every conceivable sub- ject concerning the war and it has been found a physical impossibility for the clerks, though they number an army in themselves now, to give many of these letters proper attention and reply. There is published daily at Washington, under authority of and by direction of the President, a government newspaper—The Official U. S. Bulletin. This newspaper prints every day all of the more important rulings, decisions, regulations, proclamations, orders, etc., etc., as they are promulgated by the several departments and the many spe- cial committees and agencies now in opera- tion at the National Capital. This official journal is posted each day in every post- office in the United States, more than 56,000 in number, and also may be found on file at all libraries, boards of trade and chambers of commerce, the offices of the mayors and governors and federal officials. By consulting these files most questions will be found readily answered; there will be little necessity for letter writing; the unnecessary congestion of the mails will be appreciably relieved; the railroads will be called upon to move fewer correspondence sacks, and the mass of business that is piling up in the government departments will be eased considerably. Hundreds of clerks now answering correspondence will be en- abled to give their time to essentially im- portant war work, and a fundamentally patriotic service will have been performed by the public. - Tirst Hand Testimony Showing Part Played in Rebuilding Morale of the Italians. Under Secretary of State for Italy, M. Romeo. Gallenga Stuart, speaking before the American Luncheon Club, in London, on March 15th, paid this tribute to the moral effect on certain Italians wrought by the simple presence of some of the Red Cross representatives in Italy, soon after the late Italian retreat: - “I shall always remember a very sad eve- ning of last November a few days after the battle of Capretto. We were all timidly anxious and depressed as we did not know if we should be able to hold the line of the Piave. We were in Venice in the piazza of St. Mark and as we were endeavoring to save all that we could, we were taking down the bronze horses of the church, the horses that Ruskin and every other lover of beauty admired so much. “Those were terrible moments. “In the pale light of the setting sun, the dark bronze horses were quietly moving away on the big black Venetian boats. Our hearts went with them. We did not dare to speak, even the pigeons on the piazza did not dare to fly. “Suddenly, I turned around and I saw a small group of well built strong young men in khaki. They were looking on with grim set faces; they were Americans, representa- tives of the Red Cross. We noticed them and our hearts seemed to recover as by a miracle from the sadness. “In them, we saw the young world with all its energies, all its gallant youth, all its power, coming over to save in the old world all that is good and beautiful. We felt Sure then that America would be with us entirely until the day of victory.” The Red Cross Magazine for May Has a Distinguished List of Contributors. The May number of the Red Cross Maga- zine has a thrill on almost every page, either in the text or pictures. The frontispiece is a wonderful picture of Christ on the battle- field, embodying in a noble way the very spirit of the Red Cross. The opening article is by Edna Ferber. It is a stirring call to women. Irving Bachel- ler has a piece called “Keeping Up With William,” in which Soc. Potter talks in his droll, wise way about Emperor William and his doings. Isaac Marcosson, who has seen the war on all fronts, puts into one lively article a series of close up sketches of the great men of this war. Porter Emerson Browne, who went to Canada for the Maga- zine, contributes an article, “Your War and My War.” - - There is a great human document from Belgium in this number, a personal story told by the wife of the Mayor of Aerschott. It concerns the killing of her husband and other men of the town by the Germans and the tragic adventures of herself and her daughter. There are four color pages depicting the life of our soldiers. The photo section is a fine collection of pictures of Red Cross on the battlefield. There is a story by Hamil- * Disregarding Instructions as to Field HDirectors Has Resulted in Serious Complications. A letter to each Division Manager, of which the following is a copy, was sent out from National Headquarters of The Ameri- can Red Cross at Washington, under date of March 9th: - “In a letter of February 20th, we called your attention to the importance of having all communications between chapter officials or workers and army officers at camps and cantonments come through our Field Direc- tor at such camps. “There have recently been brought to our attention instances where chapter members have called on medical officers at base hos- pitals seeking an opportunity to be of serv- ice, and this unauthorized method of pro- cedure has resulted in very serious and unfortunate complications. All chapters should receive definite instructions on this point immediately. “The Red Cross authorizes only its Camp Directors to solicit information of this sort, or to deal directly with army camps and cantonments. Notices should be posted in all chapter offices covering this ruling, and Camp Directors should be instructed to no- tify commanding officers in camps that solici- tation for information as to requirements is not authorized as a Red Cross activity to any but Camp Directors. The Red Cross does not sanction suggestions, criticisms, or investigations of any sort of the Army and Navy on the part of its members and work- erS. f “It is hoped that army and naval officers will not feel any obligation towards un- authorized persons soliciting information as to requirements. (Signed) GEO. E. Scott, Assistant General Manager. Latest Woman Volunteer. Miss Ina M. Taft, of Chicago, has been appointed Superintendent of Garments in the Bureau of Chapter Production, at Na- tional Headquarters. Miss Taft was form- erly Director of Woman's Work in the Cen- tral Division. She is a full time volunteer. ton Fyfe of his adventures with the Red Cross ambulances that answered the hurry call of Italy when her forces were thrown back. Francis Bellamy has an exposition of how the hundred million dollars has been spent, with a chart showing the widespread expenditures. - - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 THE AMERICAN RE D C Ross NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS. WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooDROW WILSON Robert W. DE FOREST John SKELTON WILLIAMs JoHN W. DAVIS STOCKTo N Axson * * * * * * * * * * * * * * President Pice-President Treasurer Counselor Secretary • * * * * * * * * • 9 a a e o e = * * * * e < * * * * tº e ºs e º w w " s e = * * * * * * e < * * * WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADsworth Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager tº e o a tº e º 'º e º e * * o 'º & 9 & e º is Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES * @ e s - e º e º e 6 & © Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. - Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH Secretary of War Baker and Gen- eral Pershing Personally Testify to Work of A. R. C. in France. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker issued the following statement on March 22d, com- plimenting the American Red Cross on its work in France, according to a cablegram from Major Perkins, A. R. C. Commissioner to Europe, received at National Headquar- ters on March 23d, after he, Secretary Baker—had inspected certain Red Cross activities in France—including hospitals, rest stations, canteems and stores: “When one is in the zone of the Armies or in the supply areas words of appreciation or praise for the American Red Cross seem superfluous. “The foresight that has characterized its present and prospective operations has been a source of pride to the commanding officers of the American Expeditionary Forces and should be a source of comfort to the People of the United States who have made it possible and who I know will enable it to carry on and expand.” The cablegram continued: Secretary Baker was particularly struck with the work being done at a big American aviation camp. He visited officers’ mess and rest rooms, and also the enlisted men’s rest room. He watched Red Cross women serve cadets and soldiers with coffee, chocolate and sandwiches. Cross women on their appearance and told the Directrice that the Red Cross work was “inspiring.” - He inspected a huge Army warehouse where the Red Cross had large quantities of surgical dressings, instruments, splints, pajamas and other hospital supplies. He visited several hospitals. He saw the read- ing material, tobacco supplies and equip- He complimented the Red ment furnished by the Red Cross; and one evacuation hospital, in particular, where the Red Cross had stepped into the emergency and furnished beds, bedding, surgical in- struments and surgical dressings. General Pershing, who accompanied Sec- retary Baker, also complimented the Red Cross on its activities. - Advice to Certain Chapters Chapter and Committee Letterheads. {{PTA L. E. Stein, Registrar, Department Civ- ilian Relief, has written a letter—a copy of , which follows—on the subject of incor- ºrectly addressed communications to certain persons or officers in the Red Cross organ- ization : We are in receipt daily of communica- tions addressed to persons by various titles, in care of the American Red Cross, Wash- ington, D.C., which do not belong to either the local organization or to the National organization. This is due to the fact that a large number of our Chapters print our seal bearing the words, “American Red Cross, Washington, D. C.,” on their letter- heads, without the name of their own city. In some cases they print the name of the Chapter without the city or state; in some cases only the name of the city, without either the name of the Chapter or the state; and in other cases neither of these impor- tant items. . . May we suggest that in some convenient manner you bring to the attention of the Chapters the necessity for printing on Chapter and committee letterheads the full name of the Chapter, the town in which the headquarters is located and the state. Rules as to Requests. For and Dis- tribution of Certain Gifts in the Navy. The Bureau of Navigation, Navy De- partment, has issued a circular letter con- taining information regarding requests for and distribution of gifts authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, to be forwarded through the American Red Cross. Commanding Officers on ships at sea or at foreign stations in the Atlantic Ocean will forward requests for supplies which the Red Cross can furnish to the Officers of the Pay Corps of the Navy at the Phila- delphia Navy Yard assigned to distribute such supplies. - Commanding officers on ships at sea or at foreign stations in the Pacific Ocean will forward requests for supplies to the Paymaster on duty at the Mare Island Navy Yard assigned to distribute such Supplies. - - Commanding officers on ships at ports of the United States or stationed at naval Stations in the United States will forward requests for supplies to the Field Director representing the Red Cross at the port or station in question; or if there is no Field Director at such port or station, to the Headquarters of the Red Cross in the Red Cross district in which the port or station is located. - The circular letter requests commanding officers to communicate with the Navy De- partment representative, at the Red Cross National Headquarters, giving suggestions as to what changes should be made in the articles for the enlisted men now furnished through the Red Cross. Suggestions also are requested as to what further service can be rendered the enlisted men by the Red Cross authorities. - - Directions for handling gifts for enlisted men provide that distribution shall be made in such a way as to avoid the giving of Red Cross articles to those who already have been outfitted; and the supply officers of ships, posts or stations are instructed to cooperate with Red Cross Field Directors so as to enable the latter to make a fair distribution. $14,400 to Aid Serbian Medical and Dental Students. The War Council of the American Red Cross has just appropriated from the War Fund the sum of $14,400 for the education in Switzerland of forty Serbian students in the study of dentistry and tuberculosis. The appropriation was made upon the recom- mendation of Cordenio A. Severance, head of the recent Red Cross Commission for Serbia, who pointed out that the terrible hardships endured by the Serbian army and people have resulted in a great increase in tuberculosis. The sum voted will pay for the maintenance and education of the young Serbians for a course lasting one year. Queen Mary Gives a Pearl Towards an Historic Necklace. Queen Mary of England has recently made a gift of a beautiful pearl of great value, taken from among her own jewels, to the committee which is endeavoring to make a collection of these lustrous gems with the idea of forming an historic and unique necklace to be sold later for the profit of the Red Cross. - —From “Le Figaro,” March 4, 1918. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Table Showing Distribution of the Various Knitted Articles Supplied U. S. Soldiers and Sailors by the A. R. C. in January, 1918, and also Total Number Previously Distributed. DISTRIBUTION JANUARY, 1918. DIVISION SweATERs MUFFLERs WRESTLETS Northeastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,313 10,293 21,966 Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,364 43,396 62,809 Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,397 5,389 5,456 Potomac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,838 3,187 7,158 Southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,282 3,560 6,443 Gulf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,180 62 3,258 Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,107 3,963 9,235 Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,190 32,798 35,977 Northern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 25 H3 Southwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,821 21,998 10,455 Mountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 5,720 4,295 6,065 Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,593 1,879 8,283 Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,114 2,681 448 TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470,962 133,526 177,536 Total to January 1st. . . . . . . . . . . . . 931,962 346,707 385,586 TOTAT, TO DATE:. . . . . . . . . . 1,402,924 480,233 563,122 - CoMFORT HELMETs Socks KITS 7,067 17,969 2,135 38,645 81,236 11,349 1,180 8,154 . . . . . . I5,841 19,995 1,972 1,512 6,354. 222 1,566 3,500 . . . . . . 4,047 33,093 586 28,875 57,591 3,778 I95 47 5. 2,215 25,271 . . . . . . i.975 16,43i . . . . . . . 208 13,009 2. 4.25 329 670 103,751 282,979 20,715 145,216 432,137 . . . . . . 248,967 715,116 . . . . . . This table shows the distribution of knitted goods to the soldiers and sailors located in the various Red Cross divisions for the month of January, 1918, as well as the total distribution through January, 1918. The figures do not mean that the articles were produced in or by the respective divisions. Soldiers and sailors who received these sweaters or mufflers or wristlets, helmets, socks or comfort kits, simply happened to be stationed in posts, cantonments or camps within these arbitrary geographical divi- sions. For instance, there are many canton- ments in the Southwestern Division—which comprises the five states of Texas, Okla- homa, Kansas, Missouri and Arkansas—and none at all in the Northern Division, which includes Minnesota, North and South Da- kota and Montana. A Courteous Letter of Thanks from a “Tuscania” Survivor. When the “Tuscania” was sunk the Amer- ican Red Cross, through its Commission to England, put its resources promptly at the command of the survivors, advancing money for the purchase of necessaries and comforts, replacing uniforms for the offi- cers, and cooperating generally in the care of men as they landed. An echo of these services has recently reached National Headquarters in the form of this letter from a second lieutenant who was on the “Tuscania,” and who wrote from an American Rest Camp: - American Red Cross, 40 Grosvenor Gardens, - London S. W. 1. Dear Mr. E. H. Wells, - - - I received your check and the reply to the cablegram you sent for me. I hardly know how to express my thanks to you and . the American Red Cross for what you have done for me. You may be sure no one ap- preciates a favor any more than I do the many that you people have rendered me lately. - - : - From my cable, I am expecting a letter and package that will no doubt be in your care. Kindly hold same and I will advise you later as to my whereabouts, as I ex- pect to leave here the latter part of th week. - - You will kindly find enclosed your re- ceipt of, advance of £10 signed, which I hope I can repay out of my March pay. Just looking on the dull side for a moment, if you see my name in the casualty list be- fore this is paid I sincerely hope you will forward this receipt to , and I am sure you will receive payment in full. Thanking you again for your past cour- tesy, gratefulness and favor, I remain, Yours very sincerely, Save All small Ends of Wooi No Miatter How Short. The following letter is self-explanatory: Divisions and Chapters are urged to notify Red Cross workers that all small ends of wool should be carefully saved from knit- ting. These ends, no matter how short, should be kept in bags until such time as a sufficient quantity has been collected to be sold to local wool manufacturers. Arrange- ments can be made with these wool manu- facturers to buy this otherwise waste wool. This will åid in the , conservation of wool and help Chapters in raising funds. ELIZABETH. S. Hoyt, Assistant to General Manager. Paris Notes. The following message has been cabled to Washington: - “In the event that parents or friends of the Red Cross workers become exercised over the welfare of individuals serving with us, will you please inform them that only in the event of accident will they be notified; and that no news is good news. The fore- going is because a number of our personnel are anxious that we reassure their families as to their safety after the raid of last night.” - - Soldiers and cadets stationed at one of the American aviation camps in France no longer have to do their own mending. The Red Cross has established a so called sewing, patching and mending service, thus enabling the soldiers to have their clothing repaired properly. It is proving very popular with the men. w” - H W. 7 5– J) A 4- - . & toSS w. - BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. […' Vol. II APRIL 8, 1918 No. 15 The Wonderful Courage of the Remnant of the Belgian People in Free Belgium—80,000 of Them, Among Whom Are Included 12,000 Children Living in Colonies In a letter to H. P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, written from Paris on February 28th, by Eliot Wadsworth, Vice- Chairman A. R. C., Mr. Wadsworth, in de- scribing a motor trip through free Belgium, which he had just concluded in company with several other officials of the A. R. C., says in part: * * * For the next five days we worked along the coast visiting many children's col- onies, barracks and hospitals, all of which have been helped by the Red Cross. The relations of the Commission, particularly of Van Schaick, who has been there steadily with the Belgian authorities, military and civilian, seem to be most cordial and what we had done was greatly appreciated. Many of these organizations had about come to the end of their rope and, if we had not come along, would undoubtedly have been forced to curtail or stop their activities. All along the line we lunched or dined with various officials and had an opportunity to get their point of view. The thing that im- pressed me most was the courage with which the Government was going on with its work, although practically exiled, and with only 80,000 people in free Belgium. They have been wonderfully progressive and stuck to their knitting without a whimper. Wonders in the Way of Legs The great hospital developed by Dr. De- page has a splendid organization. The very best specialists in every line, particularly in lines involving problems of the war, are former particularly. working there. One of the specialists has developed a scheme for making the most re- markably symmetrical legs and arms—the men who were minus a leg at their various stages of instruction and development, until they were finally exhibited running up and down the gymnasium in their new master- pieces without a limp. - It was hard to tell which leg they were - most proud of. The same thing was true of arms and various apparatus to go on the end of the arm, with universal joints, cogs, vises, We saw some of the etc., which enabled them to do almost any- thing they wanted to. The magnetic X-rays and other devices for extracting foreign sub- stances from the brain were also very re- markable. There are some people at home, * * * to whom I am sure this particular department could be of great benefit. Sing “John Brown’s Body” On the whole, however, the colonies which are taking care of some 12,000 children gave me the greatest pleasure. I must tell you one or two incidents about which you will be glad to hear. We went into one colony of some 300 boys. They were all lined up at their desks and stood at attention when the party arrived. With a very wheezy organ as accompaniment, they then proceeded to sing their own national anthem and then “John Brown’s Body,” and as they were all Walloons and spoke Flemish, the accent of the American words was unique. We shook hands with those in the front row and that meant shaking hands with them all. One boy of about thirteen spoke quite good English. We had been asking many of them where they came from, but when we asked him he rather sheepishly said that he could not remember. His history seems to stop at the beginning of the war when his father and mother were both killed and he wandered off with the other refugees, joined the British troops and lived with them in their trenches and in their billets for more than two years before the Belgian Committee got hold of him and gave him care and schooling. Many of the boys had been wounded by shell fire. Also the “Star Spangled Banner” At another school, half boys and half girls, we were ushered into a large room where the colony was lined up in military order, the girls on one side and the boys on the other. to ten. - - - It was entirely unexpected, but we were solemnly taken between the rows to the end of the room, and then the children, without accompaniment, - sang, first, the They ranged from about four years “Star Spangled Banner” in English, then the Belgian national air, and then “Ameri- ca.” Madame de Wiart, the chairman of the committee, who is running all these colonies, then brought in great bundles of boys’ suits just arrived, navy blue Norfolk jacket suits, which the Red Cross had pur- chased, and told the boys that they were each to have a suit. Their enthusiasm knew no bounds and again it was necessary to shake hands with them all. They were all dressed in black cotton gowns with white collars and as Madame de Wiart said they looked very neat on the outside, but as they were frequently very short of suitable gar- ments to go inside, it was not well to look too deeply into their costume. Thinks of Her Brother : is In the front row of the girls' side at the end nearest us, there was a girl of about five, with light hair, blue eyes and very fat cheeks, looking the picture of health and Contentment. We were all pretty well bowled out by the whole performance and feeling very sheepish. One of the party had sense enough to pick this particular girl up and put her on his shoulder, thereby breaking the ice and making friends. After that a great many had to be lifted up in the same way. This particular little girl was much interested in the suits which were given to the boys and taking her courage in both hands she reached up for Madame de Wiart's hand, pulled her down So that she could whisper to her and ex- plained to her that only one of her brothers was in this school and therefore was re- ceiving a suit, but that she had another brother whose whereabouts she did not know, and she was very anxious that he should receive a suit too. She wondered if the American gentleman would be willing to see that he got a suit. - - Exercise—And One Cow I wish that you could have seen the pic- ture. We left them all playing games, sing- ing and dancing around in a big circle (Continued on page 4) 2 - T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN Romance and Fact in Accounting Department of A.R.C. as Developed by L. J. Hunter, Deputy-Comptroller. The heads of the various departments of the American Red Cross meet at luncheon once a week. On such occasions talks, in the nature of informal papers, are given in order that the understanding between the different departments may be as close and intimate as possible. At the luncheon of March 19th, L. J. Hunter, deputy-comp- troller, spoke in part as follows: If we could personify the popular con- ception of an accounting department, I am sure that we would see a picture of an old man, with stooped shoulders and bald head, perched on the top of a very high stool, spending all of his time in poring over musty ledgers and adding up long columns of figures, of absolutely no concern to any- one except himself. I wish to make certain that no such conception is held by you gentlemen regarding the Department of Ac- counts of the American Red Cross. An accounting department may be com- pared to a great machine with a gaping mouth at the top, into which is poured a mass of incomplete, unrelated, unclassified reports pertaining to all of the transac- tions affecting the organization to which the Department is related. In the process of going through the machine, this great mass of data is studied, analyzed, classified and tabulated so that when it finally emerges at the bottom of the machine, we find it arranged in an orderly manner with all like transaction grouped together, and with comparisons made between activities that are comparable. The Accounting Depart- ment develops a cross-section of all activi- ties to show at any appointed time exactly what is going on; how each activity stands, and the relation of one to another. - Plenty of Romance in It I suppose that most people think that an accounting department is the most prosaic department included in any organization. I do not believe that I would be straying very far into the field of exaggeration if I were to claim that there is more romance to be found in an accounting department than there is in any one other department in an organization. This is because prac- tically every transaction of every depart- ment connected with any organization event- ually runs through the accounting depart- ment—sometimes in detail and sometimes only in general summary form. If you will think for a moment of the necessarily com- plicated chart covering the Red Cross Or- ganization, and if you will remember that the work of our organization extends into practically every country in the world and embodies the doing of multifarious activi- ties, you will realize that the Department of Accounts of the American Red Cross is faced with work involving very many com- plications. I doubt if any accounting de- partment in the country has more compli- cations in its work than we have in the Department of Accounts of the American Red Cross. Two Classes of Complications I should like to dwell on this matter of complications for a moment so that you may all understand the extent of our work, and perhaps give us your sympathetic sup- port in those branches of our work which affect your respective departments. There are perhaps two simple classes into which we may group the main complications of the work of our Department or any other accounting department: 1—The volume of work; 2–Complications which are peculiar to the organization to which the ac- counting department is related. Clearances of A.R. C. I will consider first the complications which come from volume. It will be clear to you all that the volume of financial transactions has a very direct bearing upon the work of the Department of Accounts. As you know, a common way to rate and compare banks is by matching up what are known as “Clearances,” figures repre- senting the flow of incoming and outgoing money. It may surprise you to know that in the month of February, the clearance of the American Red Cross was over $19,- 000,000.00, a larger clearance than was re- ported by the largest bank in Washington, which clears for two trust companies and a savings bank as well as for itself. We issue every month about 2,225 vouch- ers covering disbursements, and currently disburse about $6,000,000.00 a month. We have 310 advance accounts, for which We must secure current reports from all parts of the world. In preparing our reports, we must combine the activities covered by reports made by our fourteen administra- tive divisions, all foreign commissions, 29 Sanitary units, camp service establishments in all important military establishments, special workers in all parts of the globe, and eventually will probably have to com- bine the figures reported by all Red Cross Chapters (3,500). Turning now to those peculiar compli- cations which are inherent in the peculiar organization to which we are related: Nineteen Separate Funds As you probably know, the by-laws of the American Red Cross result in the estab- lishment of several funds, each of which is provided for a particular purpose. All in- coming moneys must be classified by us between 19 funds. In a sense, we may say that every penny received by the Red Cross must be balanced on the edge of 19 pots to determine into which one it should properly fall. Our expenditures are made under authorities granted by the War Council in the shape of appropriations, and each expenditure must be charged to one of 567 appropriations or accounts. We receive accounts rendered, I believe, in every system of currency in the world. I might say that our accounts extend from “Shekels to Yen.” We must not only sat- isfy ourselves that each transaction is right, and that the record is clear, but we must make sure that our records are left so that they may be audited and found correct by the War Deparment audit, an auditing pro- cedure which is required by the Red Cross Charter. 300 Restricted Contributions a Month The final peculiar complication pertains to what we term “Restricted Contributions.” Among the many contributions that pour into National Headquarters, are about 300 contributions a month which are restricted by the contributors to a particular cause, in which they happen to be much concerned. That is to say, instead of sending in a con- tribution to be used for general Red Cross work, they send in a sum which they specify shall be used for Serbian babies’ relief, for example, or some other object in which they are particularly interested. Each one of these contributions requires and receives careful attention. We work on the assump- tion that the people sending in these con- tributions are particular people, and we do everything possible to make them feel that they are receiving particular attention. We use every care to see that their funds are applied in the way they wished to have them applied. In each case the contributor is sent a special personal letter telling him exactly the use to which his funds have been put. - . - Examples in January To give you an idea of the complications involved in handling some of these special cases, I will mention a few that were taken - (Continued on page 4) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - 3 THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooD Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JoHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. Counselor Stockton AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 4 g is $ & e º º ſº . . . . Chairman - HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH A.R.C. Expresses Its Admiration for Work of Canadian Red Cross by Gift of $500,000. In recognition of the part Canada has ſplayed in the war for human liberty, the War Council of the American Red Cross has appropriated $500,000 as a gift to the Canadian Red Cross. The gift is made with- out restrictions, but with the ea pressed hope that it will be found possible to use the contribution for the relief of Canadian sol- diers at the front. This is the letter accom- panying it: - April 3, 1918. LIEUTENANT Colon EI, NoFL G. L. MARSHALL, Chairman of Council and Executive Com- mittee, Canadian Red Cross Society, Toronto, Canada. My dear Colonel Marshall: - We take great pleasure in handing you herewith a copy of a resolution adopted by the War Council of The American National Red Cross on April 3, 1918. From this enclosure you will note that the War Council has endeavored to express officially and substantially on behalf of the American National Red Cross, which in- cludes in its membership a very large pro- portion of the American people, an earnest feeling of sympathy and admiration for the part taken by the Canadian Red Cross and the Canadian people in the war in which both your people and ours are now engaged. It is our hope that you will find it possi- 'ble to devote the contribution of $500,000.00 to the relief of Canadian soldiers at the front, although we wish it understood that the gift is without restrictions. Please allow us to assure the Canadian Red Cross, through you, of our cordial feel- ings of brotherhood in the cause which oc- cupies the minds and attention of all at the tribution of the magnificent present time, and to express the hope that the American National Red Cross will be able in time to achieve proportionately the fine results which your organization has ob- tained through the past four years. Very cordially yours, (Signed) HENRY P. DAvison, Chairman of the War Council American National Red Cross. The resolution adopted by the War Cowm- cil was as follows: Whereas, the American people profoundly and gratefully recognize the devotion of the Canadian people and the armed forces of Canada in the great war and are deeply ap- preciative of the spirit of heroism and self- sacrifice with which so many Americans have fought and died as members of the Cana- dian forces during the past years and it is highly appropriate that the American Red Cross should extend to the Canadian soldiers a measure of assistance toward their relief and comfort, and Whereas, such tribute cannot be trans- lated more serviceably or appropriately than by a gift through the Canadian Red Cross, and it is the desire of the American Red Cross to afford substantial recognition of the sentiment of brotherhood and sympa- thy which pervades this country in this present crisis of human affairs, Now, therefore, it is hereby voted: That from the Red Cross War Fund, the sum of Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) be, and it is hereby, appropriated as a con- tribution to the Canadian Red Cross to be devoted as directly as may be to relief work among the Canadian soldiers at the front, as a gift from the American Red Cross. Lieutenant Colonel Marshall made this acknowledgment: April 4, 1918. H. P. DAVISON, Esq., - . Chairman, American Red Cross, National Headquarters, Washington, D. C. HDear Mr. Davison: I have the honour to acknowledge your es- teemed favor of April 3rd, and the copy attached thereto, of resolution passed by the War Council, at their meeting held yes- terday morning. . . . On behalf of the Canadian Red Cross So- ciety, may I say the gift accompanying the letter, viz.: five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) is greatly appreciated and will materially assist us in the great work we have in hand, viz.: the alleviation of the suf- ferings of the wounded and sick Canadian soldiers. - • . - Much as we appreciate the generous con- sum above named, I am sure the Canadian people will appreciate still more the spirit of your letter and the expressions contained in the resolution. . On behalf of the Canadian Red Cross So- ciety, I shall be glad if you will convey to the members of your Society and to the American people, our sincere thanks. Yours faithfully, (Signed) NoFI, MARSHALL, Chairman of Ea:ecutive Committee, Canadian Red Cross Society. Britishers Make American Flag for Funeral of Tuscania Dead. The following is a copy of a letter dated March 8th, written by William Endicott, 4. R. C. Commissioner to England, to H. P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council: It occurs to me that the War Council might wish to know an incident which took place on the Island of Islay in connection with the burial of over 175 soldiers from the S. S. “Tuscania.” Lieut. Col. C. Heator- Ellis, of the Naval Patrol Office, Connel, Argyllshire, write me as follows under date of March 6th : “Thank you for your letter of the 4th about the American flag used at the funeral of the American soldiers in Islay. We had not one available in the island, but one of the men luckily had a pocket handkerchief which made an excellent pattern, and from this an American flag was made. The ma- terials were provided by the employees at Mr. Hugh Morrison's house, Islay House, and they made a capital job of it, and of a size to match a Union Jack we had already. As the first ceremonies were on the fol. lowing day Some midnight oil was burnt; but it was a labor of love on the part of those concerned. - - . “Mr. Morrison has, at the request of Mr. Frank W. America (care Associated Press, 24c Old Jewry E. C.) given this flag for presentation to any institution that may be selected, and in the course of a few days I hope to fetch it from Islay and send it along to Mr. America, together with the names of those who made it. I will also send you the names you so kindly ask for. I only wish we could have saved those gal- lant fellows.” . These Sioux Indian Churchmen are Fighters. South Dakota Indians are no slackers, ac- cording to a record published by the “South Dakota Churchman.” The magazine states that 72 Sioux Indians, members of the Epis- copal church, have enlisted in the army. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN º: Heroism of Frenchmen and British- ers Points Way of Sacrifice to Us Says H. P. Davison. Charles H. Grasty, special correspondent of the New York Times, cabled his paper the following interview with Henry P. Davi- son, Chairman of the War Council, who has been in Paris and along some of the front, during the past two weeks: When we see divine service on Good Friday morning interrupted by a shell from the German front, seventy-five miles away, and scores of men, women, and children killed and injured, it conveys Some idea of what war in Paris means. Does it create a panic? Not at all. People are still traveling on the streets with shoul- ders back and heads up, ready to meet whatever may come. The humblest would rather die than bend to an unworthy peace. We in America imagine ourselves in the extremities of war. The sailing of our boys, short food rations, and the like make the situation seem terrible, because we com- pare it with our former immunity and com- fort. But if every . American could have spent these last ten days here and could have realized that for nearly four years this battle, in varying degrees of intensity, has been relentlessly waged against these people on their home ground; that losses of life and property have been beyond all The Wonderful Courage of the Rem- nant of the Belgian People in Free Belgium. - (Continued from page 1) out in front of the chateau, just at dusk before their supper. Madame de Wiart ex- plained that a little systematic exercise was necessary to take the place of coal. * * * Incidentally, we went over to the old barn and inspected a very hand- some cow, also given by the Red Cross, and now providing some twenty quarts of milk a day for one hundred and fifty young- sters. This is pieced out by condensed milk for the elder children. * * * The whole think looked awfully good and no one who has helped the Red Cross at home could fail to have a thrill of satisfac- tion if they could see what is being done. It seems almost sure that as time goes on these institutions, already pressed for funds, will have to fall back more and more upon America to go on. There can be no possi- bility of the American people failing to meet this need. - - These 12,000 children particularly, are probably the best Belgium has. º computation; and yet here they still stand, determined, undismayed, against every dev- ilish instrument and all giant aggression— why, the bigness of their patience and cour- age has never before been conceived in the mind of man. In the face of such things we Americans should stop thinking of self, dismiss all consciousness of sacrifice and go to work with a new will. Personally, I feel like bowing on my knees to every Frenchman and Britisher I meet. I have been along the front, but it seems to me that splendid human nature is showing up even better back of the front, where men, women, and children are united in selfless, uncomplain- ing and almost unconscious sacrifice. It all brings home to me an entirely new sense of our obligation, and I feel that, unless we show the sane qualities that Europe shows in her noble efforts, we will have the same thing meted out to us; for only by resistance while there is still time can German destruction be confined within European bounds. Time is the essence. Only soldiers can stop Germany, and only America can fur- nish them in adequate numbers to match up against the German reserves. And re- member that for the American people to have these soldiers in Europe sacrifices of every character must be made on the part of all the people. $50,000 to Scottish Women’s Hospitals. National Headquarters has received a cablegram from William Endicott, A. R. C. Commissioner to England, dated London, March 28th, which reads: “Have today paid British Red Cross $50,- 000 to be transmitted without restriction to Scottish Women’s Hospitals.” Romance and Fact in Accounting Department of A.R.C. as Devel- oped by L. J. Hunter. (Continued from page 2) almost at random from the restricted con- tributions of the month of January. An item from the Russian Ambassador for the benefit of Russian refugees; - A contribution from a church in the Philippine Isles for the help of widows and sick; An amount to be used for buying tobacco for American prisoners of war; An item to be used for work in the aerial service; A contribution of $2.00 for the benefit of Serbian babies; z Another contribution to be used for re- lief work for babies in the flood district of China; - A sum to be used for the benefit of Bel- gian soldiers in Paris—not, mind you, for Belgian soldiers in Belgium or in any part of France other than Paris; A contribution of $18.75 from a small Sunday School in California to be used for the benefit of Chinese in France; A contribution from a little American girl and her brother, who gave up their own Christmas tree and Christmas presents in order that they might send a contribu- tion to the Red Cross to be used in pro- viding Christmas trees for homeless French and Belgian children. Public Confidence Indispensable There are just two phases of my subject that I should like to touch on. First: I want to mention the feeling of public confidence that is likely to accrue' to any organization which gains a general public recognition that it possesses an efficient department of accounts, and that all of its transactions are carefully audited and accounted for. I need not tell you how important this point is to an organiza- tion like the Red Cross. We are doing all that we can to justify the public's con- fidence in the Red Cross. Second: I will only suggest the value of the work of the Department of Accounts to administrative and executive officials of the Red Cross. We try to present them with cross-section pictures showing exactly how all the affairs stand, and enabling them to see the relation of one thing to another and to appreciate particularly the financial aspects of all phases of the Red Cross work. Hurry the Reports Perhaps the greatest difficulty that the Department of Accounts is now faced with is to produce our reports as quickly as we want to produce them. When you remem- ber that our reports are after all merely the results of analyses and combinations of reports made to us by our divisions, for- eign commissions, special workers, etc., you will realize that we are almost wholly de- pendent upon these agencies in so far as speed of producing complete reports is con- cerned. We are making substantial progress in this connection, and we are hopeful that before long we will be obtaining the max- imum practical speed of production. We are now obtaining preliminary cable reports from our important foreign commissions, and all of our divisions are gradually accus- toming themselves to the new accounting: plan. *RED CROSS BULLETIN Völ. i. AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. APRIL 15, 1918 No. 16 War Medical Research Work in France of A.R.C. to be Financed with Private Funds and Its Outlay to Date Returned. Harvey D. Gibson, General Manager of the American Red Cross and member of the War Council, issued, on Tuesday last, the following official statement: Considerable public and private criticism has been made of an appropriation of the Red Cross in August, 1917, for medical re- search in France, because partly involved in this work is experimentation upon living animals for the purpose of finding methods of prevention and remedies for new and strange soldiers’ diseases. This appropria- tion was made at a time of emergency upon the recommendation of Army medical officers and of a number of the best scientists in this country. Prompt action was necessary. It seemed to the Officers of the Red Cross at the time that the use of the money in this way was proper from a Red Cross point of view for it would be difficult to imagine any more imperative duty upon the Red Cross than to seek for every means of prevention and remedy for the sickness of soldiers. The Red Cross did not, as has been stated, appropriate this money for abstract medical research and experimentation. It was to be used for the direct and immediate purpose of finding ways to prevent or cure wounds and sickness of American soldiers. It is strictly a war measure. It develops, however, that there are a large number of earnest Red Cross members who have sincere convictions against the use of animals for the discovery of remedies for sickness. We recognize that it should be an obligation of the Red Cross management to show deference to such honest conviction. Criticism seems to be largely confined to the fact that the funds of the Red Cross should not be used for this work when any consider- able number of its members have sincere convictions against the work. Realizing the situation an individual has come forward and has offered to supply the money necessary for this work so none shall be taken from the general funds of the Red Cross. This fund provided will also be used to reimburse the Red Cross general fund for any expenditures in connection there- - & - with in the past. The War Council has de- cided to accept this offer without in any way taking a position either for or against the question in controversy; but because they do not wish their acts to be considered to be in conflict with the sincere convictions of Red Cross members. Certain Annoying Rumors of Alleged Mercenary Activities Run Down and Exploded. Somewhere in America some one published a rumor that Private Joseph C. Knauer, 16th Infantry, Somewhere in France, had purchased a Red Cross sweater for eleven dollars. It was one of those cases, not fre- quent but annoying, in which uninformed persons have sought to put Red Cross act- ivities in a mercenary light. Now comes the following signed state- ment from Private Knauer himself: “To whom it may concern: I have never purchased any Red Cross articles. Every- thing from the Red Cross is absolutely free. I am in hearty sympathy with the Red Cross, and know it does an immense amount of good.” In addition to the statement given above the soldier in question sent a letter of sim- ilar import to his home in the United States, according to a report from an officer of the 16th Infantry. - Corporal George Bohne, of the 20th En- gineers, now in France, wrote to his mother when his company was at the American University last fall, advising her to send knitted articles direct to the soldiers in- stead of through the Red Cross. In this case there also resulted rumors that the Red Cross was selling sweaters and other articles. It being the policy of the Red Cross War Council to run down every story of this kind, no matter how trivial it may appear standing by itself, its representa- tives in France were instructed to get the facts and cable them to headquarters. Captain L. M. Hill, commanding the com- pany to which Corporal Bohne belongs, wrote a letter stating that at the time the latter’s letter to his mother was written it was understood certain knitted garments were available for distribution by some ladies’ organization in Washington, not con- nected with the Red Cross. It was not clearly understood, however, whether these articles were to be given to all of the men or whether those desiring to do so could pay for the yarn used in the making of them. However, all of the articles were furnished to the soldiers free of cost. Corporal Bohne, in a signed statement, ex- pressed a desire to apologize to the Red Cross for the misunderstanding he had caused. He explained that his letter to his mother was not intended to refer to any- thing the Red Cross was doing. War Council Gives $25,000 for Education of Student Nurses. With the object of providing trained , nurses for the town and country nursing service of the Red Cross, the War Council of the American Red Cross has appro- priated $25,000 as a fund to be adminis- tered by the Henry Street Settlement, of New York, for the education of student nurses. Assistance in supporting the work of the settlement in the training of nurses for public health service was requested of the Red Cross by Miss Lillian D. Wald, head resident of the settlement. In return for this assistance the settle- ment has agreed that a certain number of trained pupils each year shall enter the town and country nursing service of the Red Cross. - - Enrollment of Junior Red Cross Approximates 5,000,000. With half of the Divisions reporting en- rollment as of April first, and the balance of the reports based on statistics available on the first of March, the enrollment of the Junior Red Cross shows 5,000,000 pupils enrolled in 24,000 Auxiliaries. On account of the Spring vacation, complete report will not be available until later in the month. In all cases Divisions report that enrollment is still proceeding, and will proceed, so that fully complete figures should show a sub- stantial increase in the above figures. 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN In Milan. One Can See More of War Life Than in Any Other City in Italy. This interesting description of the city of Milan was contained in a communication which was forwarded from that city about one month ago: - Milan, the capital of Lombardy, in com- mon with nearly every other European cap- ital, has been transformed by the war, but this city which is known for its progres- siveness and modernity can probably show to the visitor of today more varied and in- teresting phases of war-life than any other large city in Italy. It is the great military center for the armies of the three nations now opposing a united front to the foe across the Piave. Here British, French and Italians have bases for their vast stores. Here the problems of transportation are jointly worked out and through here pass many soldiers of the Allied Nations in their contrasting picturesque uniforms. AMERICAN UNIFORMS IN Evidence. American uniforms are also in evidence here. Milan is the headquarters of the American Red Cross for the important dis- trict of Lombardy. As the military aspects are varied so the activities of the A. R. C. are more varied in Milan than in any other Italian city. Nearly every phase of the work of humanity done under the Geneva flag finds example or reflection here, even to the ambulance work at the front. Milan is the base and headquarters for the three American Red Cross ambulance sections now operating along the Piave and in the mountains, driven by one hundred American volunteers who have already en- deared themselves to the Italian soldiers. Soon, it is planned, more A. R. C. ambu- lances will be added to the sixty now at work, and more Americans in khaki will join the one hundred who came first. To Milan come the cars for repair and the drivers on infrequent leave. It is like coming home for it was from here that the cars and men started on the trip to the Army after pres- entation ceremonies still remembered in Milan. The picture of the little American ambulance circling before the famous Cathe- dral will not soon be forgotten. THE Ro1.LING CANTEEN. A brother to the ambulance is the rolling canteen and a complete service for this work is now being equipped here by the A. R. C. Soon it will add another picturesque fea- ture of the work of greatly needed relief. There will be one unit for each army corps. Milan's importance as a relief center and some insight into present conditions may be gained from a few figures. Lombardy has a population of 5,000,000. From this city 62,000 refugees were distributed to other points: 26,000 remain. In the province there are 25,000 families of soldiers who need help. Milan alone has 20,000 families of the very poor besides many hundreds of orphans. Among the refugee population are 4,800 families that are practically destitute. They left behind them all they possesesd when the invasion came. At the time of the in- vasion there were 2,000 empty rooms in Milan of which 1,700 were unfurnished, These were soon crowded. Even now there are as many as nine persons in a single room. REFUGEE’s Hom E AND Soup KITCHEN. The American Red Cross has a Refugee's Home. Even here it is more crowded than is to be desired and more room must be found. The Home is complete with kitchen, dining-room, two large bed wards and a sewing room. - Another activity of the A. R. C. is the Soup Kitchen where 250 refugees receive meals daily. Here may be found working together as volunteers young Italian women of Milan’s representative families and Amer- ican girls, members of the American colony which was rapidly growing in Milan when the war came to disturb ordinary commerce. In a few days a rest house for soldiers passing through Milan will be opened at the Central Railway station where the men on their way from and to the front may find a dearly prized hour or day of comfort, for the journeys are long and fatiguing. Men are better soldiers for such welcome as they receive at Red Cross rest houses. Milan is the largest military hospital sec- tion of Italy and the work done by the A. R. C. in this connection is correspond- ingly great. It is under the direction of Miss Sara Shaw, so long associated with the Bellevue Hospital in New York. FEED THE HUNGRY FIRST. The problem of the Red Cross in Milan is manifold. Immediately the hungry must be fed; the homeless cared for. This is the phase most intimately connected with the refugees. Milk must be procured for chil- dren. Infant mortality in Milan is 160 in 1000 for children under one year of age. It should not be more than 50 in 1000 say the experts. Soldiers' families who are in want must receive aid and quickly. Nothing so increases the moral stamina of the soldier as to know that his family does not suffer while he is fighting. Hospital supplies are always in demand. When they are needed the need is immediate. The Soldiers themselves must be well looked after, the wounded and the sick. All of this -zº comes under the mission of the Red Cross and then, most terrible of all the problems, perhaps, is the scourge of tuberculosis which has been so greatly increased by the war. The work of relief was originally carried on by a local Relief Committee with the American consul, Mr. North Winship as Chairman. Mr. Winship has done excellent work, for he knows the people and the situation thoroughly. Recently new offices have been opened next the Consulate under the direction of Major Thomas E. Robinson, Deputy Com- missioner for the American Red Cross in Italy, who will have charge of the work in Lombardy. The Committee and the Red Cross work in complete harmony, and Major Robinson is an ex-officio member of their Executive board. Appropriation to Continue Sanitary Unit No. 7 at Camp Lee. The War Council of the American Red Cross has appropriated $3,000, supplemen- tary to $6,000 appropriated last August for the establishment and maintenance of Sani- tary Unit No. 7, located at Petersburg, Va., to continue the unit for a further period of six months. The appropriation was recommended by the surgeon general of the Public Health Service. The appropriation will be used during the coming summer in the control of dis- ease, safeguarding water supplies, inspect- ing places where food is prepared or sold, and maintaining a pure food supply in the area immediately surrounding Camp Lee. 1,440,000 Buttons and 50,000 Spools of Thread for A.R.C. - Workrooms in Italy. The Department of Supplies has been au- thorized to purchase for use in the Red Cross Workrooms in Italy, at the request of R. P. Perkins, A. R. C. Commissioner to Italy, 10,000 gross of buttons and 50,000 Spools of white or black cotton thread. The War Council appropriated $9,350 for this purpose. Appointment of Franklin Abbott. Franklin Abbott has been appointed Di- rector of the Bureau of Prisoners Relief. Mr. Abbott will be in charge of both the Allied and American Prisoners Relief. The Children's hospital at Toul treated during January, 432 children and 3,163 were reached in a series of dispensaries in and about Toul. Travelling dispensaries from Nancy cared for 1,251 children. - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3. THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoODROW WILSON President • tº e & 6 º' tº & © º w & º 4 Robert W. DE FoREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager • * * * * * * * * * Red Cross War Council 3B Y APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES • e º B & © tº e º & © tº * Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. HENRY P. DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE JOHN D. RYAN Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSworTH Propagation of Treachery and Cor- ruption Most Terrible Means to Crush a Nation. This is a copy of a letter received by an American woman, who has lived for many years in France, from the agent who has charge of her apartment in Paris. It is interesting in that it is a bit of evidence as to the estimation in which the work now being done in France by America, and par- ticularly by the Red Cross, is held by Frenchmen: March 3, 1918. |Dear Madam: We have received your amiable letter of February 3rd. You can be proud and sat- isfied with the immense efforts made by your compatriots to come to the aid of our poor France, so odiously martyrized. Since the beginning of the war, the in- numerable organizations of America have brought great comfort to all the misery caused by the barbarous Boches, and now that your brave soldiers come to join ours, we have the greatest hope that the barba- rians will be crushed back to the depths of their Prussia and reduced to the impossi- bility of injuring other nations. If our enemies only used loyal weapons, the war would be already finished, and to our ad- vantage, but they propagate treachery and corruption which are the most terrible means to crush nations, like Russia, whose cowardliness further complicates events and prolongs the war. - 4? Mr. Vernier, husband of my third daugh- ter, captain in the artillery, coming from Verdun, was here last wweek. He spoke to us in the highest praise of the American organizations at the front, having seen him- self the Shelter Canteens of the American Red Cross—in the railroad stations, on the roads and throughout the devasted coun- tries, as well as the “Aid for the recon- struction of the retaken villages.” All these organizations are perfect and give the greatest services to the population now completely ruined. I must also men- tion to you that admirable American organ- ization for the widows, the orphans, the maimed of the war who are all helped in the most discreet manner, the most practical and the most efficacious. We shall never be able to thank suffi- ciently your compatriots for their immense generosity. - Will Equip Curative Workshops of Reconstruction Base Hospital No. 1, at Boston. The War Council of the American Red Cross has appropriated $7,500 to equip the curative workshops of Reconstruction Base Hospital No. 1, at Boston. The expenses of constructing the hospital itself are being met out of a fund of $250,000 contributed by the Benevolent, Protective Order of Elks. This hospital, otherwise known as the Parker Hospital, will be used for re- storing wounded soldiers, so as to enable them to take up their former occupations, QI” new OIneS. In the curative workshops the idea is to enable the men to recover the use of crippled limbs by work which stimulates their inter- est in the task. The cooperation of the Red Cross in furnishing their equipment was earnestly requested by Dr. Frederick J. Cotton, of Boston, who, it is expected, will be placed on active service in the re- serve corps of the army and made director of the hospital. The equipment of curative shops in general ultimately will be under- taken by the government, which then, it is expected, will repay expenditures such as this just authorized by the Red Cross. Dr. Cotton reports that the work to be done in Reconstruction Base Hospital No. 1, will follow the lines which have proved suc- cessful in England. There an essential point is to engage the men in tasks that seem worth while, the output of the shops consisting largely of splints and orthopedic apparatus for the hospital use. The work is thus both vocational and therapeutic. The material which the Red Cross has been asked to supply includes a wood-working plant, an outfit for light metal work and jewelry, orthopedic apparatus, a small draughting equipment, a clay modeling equipment; and the elements of a room for commercial work, consisting of two or three rebuilt typewriters and a multigraph ma- chine. . . . Red Cross Appropriates $238,272 for Surgical Instruments and Supplies for Italy. Authority to purchase surgical instru- ments and surgical supplies to the amount of $238,272, for shipment to the Red Cross Commission for Italy, has been given by the War Council of the American Red Cross. This authorization was at the request of R. P. Perkins, Commissioner to Italy. The articles purchased are, upon distribution, to be accounted for by the commission under Specific appropriations. - . The Italian people and representatives of the Italian Government still are sounding the praises of the American Red Cross workers who carried relief to their dis- tressed country in the hour of its greatest need. Signor Alfieri, the Italian minister for Foreign Affairs, recently wrote the fol- lowing letter to the Emergency Commission that was dispatched from France to render first aid at the time of the Teuton invasion last fall, according to a cablegram just re- ceived here from Paris: - “Now that the permanent commission for Italy of the American Red Cross, completely organized, is showing its great value and Splendid material and moral effect in aid of the war which Italy is fighting for com- mon justice, it is very agreeable to me to Send my thanks to those who contributed to the laying of the foundation for the work. - “To you who were the directors of the emergency commission for Italy, I am glad to express these sentiments in the name of the army and which has had and still re- ceives so much material and moral assis- tance from the American Red Cross. I pray that you will also kindly give my thanks to all of those of the American Red Cross who worked in the emergency com- mission for Italy under your direction.” A Recent Red Cross Volunteer. Albert H. Gregg, Vice-President of G. W. Faber & Company, tobacconists of New York, has been appointed Assistant Direc- tor of the Department of Foreign Relief by the War Council. He will devote all of his time to the Red Cross and is another of the many prominent business men serv- ing the Red Cross without compensation. During the Spanish-American War Mr. Gregg served in the capacity of Secretary to General Fitzhugh Lee, and was subse- quently connected with General Tasker H. Bliss in the organization of the Cuban Cus- torns Service. 2 - 4 C R O S S B U L L E T IN T H E R E D Unique Testimonial to “M. le Gen- eral” for A.R.C.—by a Girl of Ten in Free Belgium. During the recent trip of certain Red Cross officials from National Headquarters to Free Belgium a rather unique testimonial was presented Eliot Wadsworth as the rep- pesentative of the American Red Cross. The testimonial was read by a little girl of ten, who was surrounded by the other pupils of the school. The presentation took place in a barrack which had been given this school by the A. R. C. There follows a translation of the address—which was originally in F'remeh. “Monsieur le General” is Eliot Wadsworth and a portion of his letter to the Chairman of the War Council is given here, as well: Monsieur le General: The children of the Army school of Boits- houcke are proud and happy upon the occa- sion of the great visit of this day which they consider a great honor. - - Large and small, we sincerely thank you for coming so far to visit our school here in this small corner of Belgium. We thank you with all our hearts for the beautiful The fine shoes and lovely aprons came just in time. We shall piously cherish your name in our hearts and some day the “Book of Gold” which will tell the story of the “School under Fire”—will carry your name as one to whom all shall give thanks. We salute, through you, the great Repub- lic of the United States that fights with us for the honor, right and liberty of the world. Long live the United States: For all the pupils of the Army school of Boitshoucke: (Signed) play room and refectory. MADELAINE MUYLLAERT, Boitshoucke, Belgium. * * * It seems that soon after the line in Belgium was established in its present position some two years ago, General Ruc- quoy, Chief of Staff, and his officers found that there were a considerable number of children with their families in the military zone who were not being properly cared for. General Rucquoy began, in a small way, the operation of a school for these children. One small wooden barracks was allotted for the purpose. The school grew rapidly and at one time they had as many as four hundred children—some who regularly lived in the new barracks which were added to the plant and others who walked in from their homes. It was impossible to care for so many. Some months ago Deputy-Commissioner Van Schaick arranged with General Ruc- quoy to provide another barrack sufficiently large for all the children to assemble, so that they could have their meetings, enter- tainments, singing and other activities for the entire school. The school is in an unique position in that it is within range of the larger German guns; and precautions against gas shells have to be made all the time. The sound of the guns, both Belgian and German, is very distinct always. - * * * It was suggested that we might like to see the barrack given by the Red Cross. In we went and all the staff, and there was the entire school ranged on benches. A girl about ten years old came forward, curtsied and read the testimonial which is enclosed. After that the children sang the Belgian national air. It was hard to think of a suitable response, but after a few words, which were trans- lated into Flemish, George Simmons Sug- gested that he sing the “Star Spangled Banner, which he did, and very well too. The children were delighted and applauded with great zeal. It is difficult to give you the complete picture. The building was surrounded by many Belgian soldiers attached to Head- quarters who were of course greatly inter- ested. There was a constant booming of guns during the whole ceremony and a con- siderable number of aeroplanes were going forward to the lines or returning. In the distance we could plainly see white puffs of shrapnel smoke made by the German guns, shooting at the Belgian planes. * * * Every Oklahoma School Keeps a Pig. The children in “the States” will not be outdone by their fellow citizens in the trop- ics, whose efforts in the same line have been told in the Bulletin. Oklahoma school boys and girls are planning to astound the coun- try side with their prize hogs this spring. Incidentally they will earn big money for their Red Cross School Auxiliaries. Last fall the girls held “Benefits” and bought a pig for each school with the proceeds. The boys built pens and volunteered to care for the pigs during the winter. Scraps of lunches, odds and ends of grain, etc., are rapidly changing the little pigs into fine porkers. They will bring a good price this spring, which will go to buy more ma- terial for Red Cross hospital and refugee garments to be made up by the school chil- dren. These pigs are doing a double bit: for the Food Administration and the Red Cross. *. - - British Red Cross Society Thanks A.R.C. for its Recent Gift of £250,000. At a meeting of the Joint Finance Com- mittee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John, held on April 5th, a resolution of the following tenor was moved by Chairman Sir Robert Hudson, seconded by Sir Herbert Jekyll and carried unani- mously: This committee records its grateful and appreciative thanks to the American Red Cross for its further magnificent contribu- tion of £250,000 and sees in this, renewed evidence of the resolve of the people of the United States that nothing shall be lacking which British and American Red Cross or— ganizations can supply to alleviate the suf- ferings of the sick and the wounded. The Finance Committee, in thus express- ing its thanks to the American Red Cross, desires to record its warm appreciation of the terms of the Endicott letter conveying the gift; and also begs to assure the officials of the American Red Cross that the close cooperation and the cordial relationship be- tween the Red Cross organizations of the two countries forms one of the happiest incidents of the work of mercy which the war has devolved upon us. Must Not Single Out Name of Just One Commercial House or Pattern Company. A letter, a copy of which follows, has been sent by H. D. Gibson, General Manager, to each one of the Division Managers: It has been brought to our attention re- cently that some Divisions are specifying certain patterns companies as the best com- panies from which to purchase the Official American Red Cross Patterns. Articles have recently appeared in various Division Bulle- tins mentioning one pattern company only in reference to certain official patterns. All Departments in Divisions should be notified immediately that it is against the policy of the American Red Cross to men- tion the name of any one commercial house from whom Red Cross Chapters or workers may buy produce. In the case of pattern companies, if the name of any company is mentioned a list of all companies issuing these patterns should be given, or workers should be told only that the Official Ameri- can Red Cross Patterns can be bought from any one of the well known pattern com- panies. All of the companies sell these pat- terns under the same name and the same numbers, and there should therefore be no - confusion. ... tº rºº wASHINGTON, D. C. THE RED CROSS BULLETIN cº, AMERICAN RED CROSS g.º.º.º. " . . . . . Voi. i. I * . . . A PRIL 22, 1918 No. 1 7 A.R.C. Commission Now On its way to Pales- tine for Relief of People of Holy Land will be Headed by Dr. John H. Finley. The American Red Cross has made com- prehensive plans for the relief of the people of the Holy Land who, for centuries, have suffered under Turkish rule and who were recently rescued from the Moslem yoke through the British capture of Jerusalem. A Red Cross commission is on its way to Palestine. The head of this commission will be Dr. John H. Finley, Commissioner of Education for the State of New York and President of the University of the State of New York. He will join the body of the commission in Palestine in the near future. Aside from Dr. Finley the members of the commission number fifty-seven. Typhus and Cholera Epidemic For some time the American Red Cross has had under consideration the best way to relieve conditions in Palestine. All re- ports indicate that these conditions were peculiarly deplorable. Famine and disease have exacted heavy toll. Typhus and cholera were and are epidemic. In no part of the world into which the war has been carried is the condition of the civilian population worse than in the land of the bible. Dr. E. St. John Ward, of Springfield, Mass., professor of surgery in the American University at Beirut, Syria, who is inti- mately acquainted with conditions in Pales- tine and who will be one of the deputy Red Cross commissioners, made an exhaustive report to that organization and submitted a plan of relief. The War Council appro- priated $390,000 as a beginning. The work is to be done in connection with the British Syria and Palestine Relief Fund and the American Armenian and Syrian Relief Com- mittee which already have been doing what they could. Form Medical Units The initial work of the Red Cross Com- mission will be to establish in Palestine four medical units to combat typhus, cholera and other diseases. A fully equipped hospital will be estab- lished at a point to be selected. Dispensaries and village work will be established in the less populated districts. The lay assistants attached to the medical units will devote their time to general civilian relief, such as the distribution of clothing and food and the rehabilitation and reconstruction of de- vastated areas. • * A large complement of equipment was taken by the commission, the chief item in the matter of money value being the stores of medical and surgical supplies. Automo- biles for transportation and trucks for haul— ing supplies were in the cargo. The foodstuffs taken by the commission were intended largely for hospital use as it is believed that food for the civilian popula- tion can be obtained from stores in Egypt controlled by the British government. Civilian Relief Only In the sending of this commission by the Red Cross no consideration was given weight except that of relieving the physical distress of the civilian population. The appropria- tions so far made by the Red Cross are intended to cover a period of six months. Dr. Finley, who heads the commission, is one of the best known educators in this country. He was successively president of Knox College, Illinois, professor of politics at Princeton, president of the College of the City of New York and New York State Commissioner of Education. He has been a Harvard exchange lecturer in the Sorbonne, is a knight of the French Legion of Honor and has had the Order of the Rising Sun be- stowed upon h’m by Japan. His public work includes membership in the Board of Arbitration in the Eastern railway con- troversy in 1913–14 and in the New York state constitutional convention of 1914. Dr. Finley's Words In accepting the headship of the Red Cross commission to Palestine Dr. Finley said: “I can not think of a more appealing mission than that which is to symbolize in its purpose and to make as serviceable as possible in its practical accomplishment our cooperation with the Allies, in holding for civilization that particular part of the earth from which we trace our ten commandments, the beautitudes of human life and the begin- nings of the nursing brotherhood, whose ministries the Red Cross has made universal.” The commissioned personnel follows: Ward, E. St. John, Springfield, Mass., Deputy Commissioner. - - - - Waters, Theodore, Brooklyn, N. Y., Dep- uty Commissioner. Lowenstein, Dr. Solomon, New York City, N. Y., Deputy Commissioner. Marden, Jesse K., Boston, Mass., Chief Surgeon. - - Clark, Charles E., Elyria, Ohio, Chief Surgeon. - - Dodd, William S., Montclair, N. J., Chief Surgeon. Hurd, Harry C., Indianapolis, Ind., Chief Surgeon. … r Carson, Harry Y., Danville, Ill., Sanitary Engineer. Pease, Giles S., Worcester, Mass., Sanitary Engineer. Brown, Julius A., Hartsdale, N. Y., Elec- trical Engineer. - Nicol, James H., Auburn, N. Y., Director Relief Unit. Millikin, B. Carter, Roselle, N.J., Director Relief Unit. - Kelsey, A. Edward, Portsmouth, R. I., Director Relief Unit. - Bacon. Arthur A., Geneva, N. Y., Elec- rical Engineer. - Groeniger, William C., Columbus, Ohio, Sanitary Engineer. Norman, Jacob, Malden, Mass., Assistant Surgeon. * Williams, Frank H., Portsmouth, Ohio, Assistant Surgeon. - Ogden, Montgomery, Orange, N. J., Di- rector of Warehouses. Vance, J. Milton, New York City, Ex- ecutive Secretary. - Hunter, Graham C., Riverside, Calif., Asst. Director Relief Unit. - Chaffee, Edmund B., New York City, Asst. Director Relief Unit. Jago, Ethan O., New York City, Asst. Director Relief Unit. • Edgar, Samuel, Greeley, Colo., Asst. Di- rector Relief Unit. Metheny, R. Livingstone, Beaver Falls, Pa., Mechanical Engineer. - Huntington, Harry S., Jr., Roselle, N. J., Recorder. - - Following is the enlisted personnel: Blake, Isabella Mather, New London, Conn.; Brooks, Edith Louise, Derby, Conn.; Butterfield, Mary Amelia, Polk, Pa.; Hall, Maude, Grant, Iowa; Hamilton, Ellen Mary, New York City; Hamilton, Nancy B. Birm- ingham, Ala.; Haslam, Edith M., Providence, R. T.; Hunter, Louise Holden, Newark, N. J.; Jessup, Theodosia Davenport, Beirut, Syria; Jillson, Jeannie Louise. Providence, (Continued on page 4.) 2 . . . . . . . . * T H E R E D C Ross B U L L E T IN *…*.*.*-- ~~~~~~-ºº: Dept. Military Affairs in France Makes Most Interesting Report for March, 1918. The Department of Military Affairs of the American Red Cross in France makes the following report, by cablegram, to Na- tional Headquarters of its work during March : Fourteen rolling canteens supplied about 400,000 hot drinks to French soldiers. Seven canteens on French lines of communication supplied 378,000 meals. Metropolitan Can- teens supplied food and drinks to 512,000 men. Four rest stations on the American lines of communication supplied food and hot drinks to American soldiers who were on the way to their respective camps from the different ports of entry. Three emer- gency canteens are now supplying food and hot drinks to American soldiers who are on leave as they go to and from the district that the U. S. Government has selected in Southern France for them to rest in. Canteens Behind American Front We have started a canteen service at the American front that will consist of 30 can- teens situated about three miles from the American front. Each canteen will be in charge of three men who will supply hot drinks to the soldiers in the trenches. They will also distribute as needed to the soldiers the following: Sewing kits, 3. Matches, Canes for the wounded, Bandages, Cigarettes and tobacco, Iodine, Whale oil for frosted feet, Pencils, playing cards, Paper and envelopes, and Safety pins. No charge will be made for the drinks or any of these articles. Hospital Supply Service supplied 1,466 hospitals with 3,821 cases weighing 192,636 pounds. Partial Inventory Military Supply Service distributed to American soldiers 5,500 pairs of socks, 780 sweaters, 1,200 pairs of gloves, 1,500 comfort kits, 145 mufflers. Shipped from Bureau of Donations to hospitals for United States soldiers the following: 384 bath robes, 15,058 shirts, 12,276 handkerchiefs, 4,516 convalescent gowns, 15,342 pajamas, 1,936, pairs of slippers, 18,176 pairs of socks, 276 cases (each case containing 864 packages) of tobacco and cigarettes were distributed to the American soldiers; (more would have been distributed but we did not have it). Ten New Farms Bureau of Farms now has ten farms un- der its charge varying in size from three acres to one hundred acres. Most of these have been seeded and by the latter part of May the hospital to which these farms are attached will be getting their vegetables from them. Shortly after the offensive started we sent a field kitchen in charge of three workers from this department to the front where during the first few days it fed over 75,000 refugees and soldiers. Supplied the Yale Hospital Unit A. E. F. with a field kitchen for service at the front. During the month erected and equipped several tents to be used as temporary hospitals for the wounded coming through from the front. At B. in Southern France we opened a convalescent home for enlisted men with a capacity of 370 beds. It contains a club- room for the men, which is equipped with all kinds of games and a moving picture machine. At B. on the Coast we opened another hospital for the officers of the Army and Navy. This is managed and operated by the American Red Cross. For Recent Refugees Refugee work. When we heard that a great many refugees from the front were on their way to Paris this department im- mediately offered its service to the Com- missioner and a large number of men and women of the department were immediately detailed for service at the different stations. For days and nights they looked after the welfare of the refugees providing food, beds and hot drinks to thousands of them until they left Paris for Southern points. Trench Bags We delivered during the month the first lot of trench bags for the wounded. These bags are for the wounded when it is impos- sible to get them out of the trenches and where they may have to remain for hours without any help or food. These bags con- tain the following articles: Cocoa, Coffee, Chocolate, Safety pins, Scissors, Electric torch, Chewing gum, Cigarettes, Candles, matches, Condensed soups, condensed milk, Insect powder, Feeding aprons and a tommy cooker and Greely hypodermic units. The bags will be distributed one for every twenty men. Supply Service now has 17 moving picture machines in operation at base hospitals where we give at least five performances a week at each hospital. The average attend- ance at each performance is 500 men. Distributed 80 phonographs and 1,095 rec- ords to recreation huts, base and camp hos- pitals. Fifty-eight hundred novels, 12,045 maga- zines and 28,525 newspapers were dis- tributed during the month. $1,200,000 Appropriated for Ameri. can and Syrian Relief. The War Council of the American Red Cross has made provision for monthly con- tributions to the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, aggregating $1,200,000 for the period ending July 1. The sum of $400,000 was appropriated in Febru- ary to cover the months of February and March, and another $400,000 has just been made available to meet the payments for April and May. Conditions in Asia Minor, as described in reports forwarded to the American Commit- tee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, are even more critical than at the time the first contribution was voted by the Red Cross War Council. The demobilization of the Russian armies in the Caucasus, resulting in the Turkish advance, has threatened the Safety of the whole Armenian race. It is Stated, however, that relief in Armenia, will have important results in addition to pre- Serving its people. It is declared that a cessation of the Red Cross grants would CauSe untold deaths. The appropriation of $1,200,000 is payable in monthly grants and carries the proviso that not more than $300,000 shall be Sup- plied by the Red Cross in any one month. Bureau of Communications Solves Fate of Thomas Hitchcock, Jr. Through the Bureau of Communications of the American Red Cross the first definite information has been gained concerning the fate of Thomas Hitchcock, Jr., the son of Thomas Hitchcock of Long Island. The information was contained in the following cablegram received at National Head- Quarters from the International Red Cross: “Aviator Thomas Hitchcock reported prisoner, slightly wounded.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooDROW WILSON ROBERT W. DE FOREST • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * President Wice-President • * * * * * * * * John Skelton WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How AR D TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH - Vice-Chairman HAR v EY D. GIBSON . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager * - & a tº . * * * * * * Red Cross War Council BY AppointMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN • e e º e < * * * * * * * ELIOT WADsworth Patriotism Behind the Counter and in the Office as Great as on the Firing Line. That service at home, behind the counter, can be just as real as service on and behind the firing line in France was most eloquently set forth in an address made by Mrs. Bran- dow, at a patriotic meeting of the employees of Lord & Taylor, on April 5, 1918. Dr. Frank Chapman, Director of Publications, at National Red Cross Headquarters, read a transcript of this address at a dinner given the Chatauqua speakers, by the Red Cross, at the New Willard, Saturday eve- ning, April 13th. - Dr. Chapman prefaced the reading of the address with these words: “She made no attempt to play upon the emotions of her hearers, but moved by feelings which com- pelled utterance, and to which, fortunately, she was able to give adequate ea pression, she spoke so simply, so sincerely, so elo- quently that what she said is a priceless human document.” - - At one of the preliminary meetings of which Mr. Reyburn has spoken to you I asked permission to speak. I wanted to speak for myself and for those associated with me in my department. So marv of you have spoken to me since the meeting that was held Wednesday night that I feel tonight, confidentially, that I can speak not only for my department but for all of Lord & Taylor. And so, Mr. Reyburn, I am not speaking to my fellow workers, I am speaking for them to you. On Wednesday night I asked if I might be given the privilege of re- dedicating my services and the services of my whole department to my country. To- night, I ask that I may be given the privi- lege of rededicating to the service of our country all of the Lord & Taylor employees. You know for a while I was very much troubled. When Margaret Lytton was called to serve in France and Christine Mann was called to serve in Washington and then Adelaide Richardson was called to serve travelling around the country visiting muni- tion factories—all three women from my department, I felt at first that I had been overlooked. Then I began to feel there was nothing I could give my country, nothing that my country wanted to use, and I was troubled. But now I see clearly, and I know that just as surely as Margaret Lytton was called to serve by tending to the wounded and dying in France, that just as surely as Doctor Mann was called to serve in Washington, that just as surely as Miss Richardson was called to serve by visiting munition factories, just as Surely am I, Belle Brandow, called to serve here in this building. And I answer that call just as they did, and I dedicate from this night on, all that I have to give to the service of my country and I interpret that call to mean that I am to meet every day, every work day, six days out of every week, - confidently, cheerfully; that I am to do whatever task that day may bring to my hand to the glory of my country. I had a brother, an only brother—my little brother. He was bigger than I am physical- ly, and very much bigger than I am mentally, for he was a surgeon. He heard the call of his country last year, and he went forth gladly, eagerly and so gaily. On the 27th of June he made the supreme sacrifice. They buried him in his captain’s uniform, but his cap lies upon the bookshelves in my father’s library, and when I would see my father I must go there, for he will sit in no other place; and that cap is a constant challenge to me. - - I have not brought myself to the place where I can touch it, because once it rested on his bonny, bonny head; but every time I look at it it says to me: “I died for this principle; Sister, live for it.” And I am resolved that I shall live for it day by day in this building, so that when I shall have earned the rest which he now enjoys, I shall know by the glance in his bonny brown 'e that he welcomes me, because I too have done my share in order that this “Govern- ment of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from this earth.” You know these words written by Lieu- tenant Colonel Doctor John MacCrea. To me they are one of the livest things that have come out of this war: In Flanders fields the poppies grow, Between the crosses row by row, - That mark our place. And in the sky the larks Still bravely singing fly - Scarce heard among the guns below: We are the dead; short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Lived and were loved. - And now we lie in Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from falling hands we throw The torch. Be yours to bear it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields. Mr. Reyburn, I say to you for every last loyal Lord & Taylor employee that we will not break faith with those who die; that we resolve that we will answer this call for service at the sales counter, at the packing desk, in the cashier’s cage, in the office, every last office; and in every corner of every floor of this building, we will keep faith with those who die. We hear your call, your ringing call, to higher, nobler effort and we answer: “Here, Sir.” -- &. .. A Nation that would Destroy Venice HDeserves Crucifixion by Civilized World. In a recent interview given the Rome cor- respondent of the New York Times, by H. P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, Mr. Davison, who had just returned from the Italian front, when asked to tell of his eaperiences there said: I was greatly impressed by the courage of the Italian troops and their high morale, which is clearly evident. They are all fine fellows. - When asked his opinion concerning the 8tate of the refugees and what had been accomplished by the American Red Cross, he said: The refugees are showing splendid cour- age and are supporting their sufferings and the loss of their homes and property with a wonderful spirit of resignation. Nothing whatever will deter them from standing firmly by their country to the last. What interested me most was the work of the American Red Cross in the towns along the Adriatic coast, especially in the workrooms which have been established for making Venetian lace. - The lace makers who were removed from Venice by the Red Cross have been estab- lished with their equipment in other towns and are continuing their work. The work- rooms for making garments which are given to needy refugees are doing splendidly, as also is the shoe factory which has been set 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN up by the American Red Cross. I was especially pleased with the large and well- equipped hospital, which is officered by Ital- ian physicians, with American Red Cross nurses to take care of sick refugees. Speaking of his impressions in Venice Mr. Davison said: - I cannot help believing that any army or nation that would permit a gun to be leveled on Venice for its destruction would be forever crucified by the civilized world. Certainly there can be no military advan- tage in such destruction. My visit to Venice was most interesting and impressive. While I had visited the city before, it had never seemed more beautiful. There is in the world but one Venice, incomparable and never to be reproduced. - The American Red Cross in Venice is taking care of 1,300 children, as well as carrying on workrooms. Probably no form of endeavor is more helpful than these work- rooms, as they not only furnish employment for mothers, but enable them to take care of their families. . In Ancona we have opened rest houses, in which we are now serving about 4,000 sol- diers daily. What impressed and touched me greatly at Ancona was a demonstration in the theatre there expressing the apprecia- tion of the Italian nation for the endeavor of the American people through the Red Cross to help Italy. • Official Statement from Bureau of Chapter Production which Must be Heeded. There seems a general misapprehension throughout the field in regard to the follow- ing matters which should be corrected as quickly and as generally as possible: 1. It is not advisable that a chain-stitch should be used in making garments. If a seam done on such a machine breaks, the seam rips the entire remaining length in one direction and the difficulty in Europe of repairing this either in hospital or refugee garments will be serious as it must be done by hand. 2. Neither afghans nor quilts are author- ized Red Cross products. Bedding is only shipped under special and definite orders and unless such an order is issued, it must not be shipped as space cannot be given it. 3. There is also a misapprehension in re- gard to the sock known as the spiral sock. National Headquarters has issued no direc- tions for these and does not desire their production. Please discourage these in every way as the yarn is needed for the regula- tion article called for in A. R. C. 400. Surgeon General Gorgas Empha- sizes Urgent Need for Additional Medical Officers. The following letter from W. C. Gorgas, Surgeon General of the U. S. Army, under date of April 8, 1918, on the subject of the Medical Reserve Corps, directed to the Ed- itor of the American Red Cross magazine, has been received at National Headquarters: I. I wish to call to the attention of the profession at large the urgent need of additional medical officers. As the war pro- gresses the need for additional officers be- comes each day more and more apparent. Although the medical profession of the coun- try has responded as has no other profession, future response must be greater and greater. The Department has almost reached the limit of medical officers available for assign- ment. 2. I am, therefore, appealing to you to bring to the attention of the profession at large the necessity for additional volunteers. So far the United States has been involved only in the preparatory phase of this war. We are now about to enter upon the active, or the fighting phase, a phase which will make enormous demands upon the resources of the country. The conservation of these resources, especially that of man-power de- pends entirely upon an adequate medical service. The morning papers publish a state- ment that by the end of the year a million and a half of men will be in France. Fif– teen thousand medical officers will be re- quired for that army alone. There are today on active duty 15,174 officers of the Medical Reserve Corps. 3. Within the next two or three months the second draft will be made, to be followed by other drafts, each of which will require its proportionate number of medical officers. There are at this time on the available list of the Reserve Corps, an insufficient number of Officers to meet the demands of this draft. - - 4. I cannot emphasize too strongly the supreme demand for medical officers. Will you give the Department your assistance in obtaining these officers? It is not now a question of a few hundred medical men volunteering for service, but it is a question of the mobilization of the profession. In the large centers of population and at other convenient points as well as at all Army camps and cantonments, boards of officers have been convened for the purpose of examining candidates for commission in the Medical Reserve Corps of the Army. An applicant for the Reserve should apply to the board nearest his home. 5. The requirements for commission in the Medical Reserve Corps are that the appli- cant be a male citizen of the United States, a graduate of reputable school of medicine, authorized to confer the degree of M. D., between the ages of 22 and 55 years of age, and professionally, morally and physically qualified for service. 6. With deep appreciation of any service you may be able to render the Department, I am, W. C. GoRGAs, Surgeon General, U. S. Army. Baseball Paraphernalia to be Sup- plied American Hospitals in France by A.R.C. A hurry call has come from the Ameri- can Red Cross Commissioner for France, for baseball supplies and equipment for the hospitals “over there.” As a result the Red Cross War Council has authorized the department of foreign relief to purchase balls, bats, gloves, masks and other base- ball paraphernalia and ship the same to France for distribution by the Red Cross commission there. It is expected that donations in generous amount will be made for base-ball outfitting in connection with the Red Cross work in France, one of $12,000 being promised from the Harvard Alumni Athletic Association. As the season for the sport is close at hand, how- ever, the appropriation for immediate use which the War Council of the Red Cross has made, was deemed advisable. Donations received later are to be offset against the present expenditure. The base-ball supplies shipped by the Red Cross to France will not in any manner interfere with the recreational activities of the Y. M. C. A. in connection with the national game, in the Association’s work among the soldiers in the camps over there. The supplies which the Red Cross is send- ing are for use exclusively at hospitals. A.R.C. Commission Now on its Way (Continued from page 1.) R. I. : Jones, Alice Whittier, Amesbury, Mass.; Johnson, Anna L., Indianapolis, Ind. ; Lawrence, Caroline C., Bellevue, Pa.; Mack- lin, Katherine, New York City; McQuaide, Frances, Philadelphia, Pa.; Maderia, Edith, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.; Marden, Lucy H., Mentor, Ohio; Mearns, Mary Florence, Seattle, Wash.; Metheny, Mary Evangeline, Beaver Falls, Pa.; Worley, Bertha M., West Mentor, Ohio; O'Malley, Anne Louise, Oakland, Calif.; Parlati, Mary Elizabeth, New York City; Paterson, Jesse Grant, Ottawa, Canada; Ranger, Olive, Providence, R. I.; Smith, Sophia Lipman, Portland, Me...; Spelman, Lillian M., Brook- lyn, N. Y.; Strang, Grace O., Pasadena, Calif.; Vance, Mrs. Elizabeth Wood, New York City; Wood, Emma Mathilda, Sarnio, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton, Marian Cald- well, Birmingham, Ala.; Lee, Rose E., Sterl- ing, Kansas; Goldman, Agnes, New York City; Hunting, Bernice, St. Louis, Mo. AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II APRIL 29, 1918 No. 18 Italians Acclaim American Red Cross in Honors Paid Chairman Davison — Ambassador Tells Effect America has “arrived” in Italy. The Italians are singing the praises—literally— of an ally whose existence, if not exactly mythical, was something entirely intangible in their comprehension not so very many months ago. Now there is a bond of affec- tion so pronounced that it would be almost embarrassing at a time when sentiment had shallower springs of inspiration than are to be found in the war-weary world today. Italy is pouring out its appreciative soul to America, the American people—and the American Red Cross. It is expressing its feelings through the channel of the Red Cross, just as the Red Cross, in the first instance, carried America’s message of fel- lowship and cheer across the Alps in the hour of greatest darkness. Now Italy understands. There is joyous reaction from the spell cast by insidious, Prussian propa- ganda. The Italian people have realized the American spirit, visualized the Ameri- can ideal, learned the truth as to why America is in the war, felt the warmth of American friendship—things that might have remained hidden from their senses but for the relief which the American Red CrOSS carried to their doors when the material needs were most pressing. Enthusiasm Untiring The story of how The American Red Cross went to the relief of Italy last fall need not be told again. By this time it ought to be familiar to every Junior Red Cross follower in the land. So, too, the sequel, which embraced chapters telling of schoolmasters in Milan and Naples who were teaching the children under their charge to sing the Star Spangled Banner, and of the gala event made of the passage of motors bearing the American and Red Cross flags through some Alpine village. The everlastingly interesting thing about it all is that the Italians are not tiring of their enthusiasm; rather they seem to be expressing it with greater zest. The present visit to Italy of Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, has emphasized Of its Work the Italian-American rapprochement of the last several months standing, and some of the most interesting news flashed across the ocean recently, is to be read in and be- tween the lines of the cables concerning the governmental and popular receptions in honor of the official who personifies, in a sense, the great war-humanitarian agency which Italy can not praise too highly. The personal element in the equation is oblit- erated entirely by the underlying features of international understanding and good- fellowship, pointing to cooperation in aim and action which the statesmen of both countries comment upon as of the most far-reaching importance. Ambassador Sends Report - That this is not “mere newspaper talk,” moreover, is proved by papers in the case which were not written for publication. For instance, Thomas Nelson Page, the American Ambassador at Rome, Sent a cable some days ago to the Secretary of State, from which, while intended for the private inferination of the State Depart- ment, THE BULLETIN has been permitted to print some extracts. In this cable Am- bassador Page says: “Press has given considerable attention to celebration of anniversary of our entry in war, not only here but to celebration in America, particularly to President’s Balti- more speech, which is universally applauded. Press emphasizes growing closeness of our relations. The visit of Secretary Baker and of Davison, head of our Red Cross, fre- quently commented on as evidence of grow- ing solidarity. “The Red Cross is, I think, accomplish- ing immense good from standpoint of both actual relief and of making relations closer. Italy is evidently doing everything pos- sible to show appreciation of the extensive Red Cross work. The premier has spoken of it in most grateful terms, as have many other ministers; and, above all, I believe the people are coming to recognize through it what the United States are doing for them. Davison’s speech at celebration on extended to the military hospitals. Sunday was reproduced in full in the press; and he is being received everywhere with profound appreciation. It is undoubtedly having a great effect, emphasizing what America is doing for Italy. The celebra- tion Sunday and the tone of the press rep- resent a new expression of friendship for and confidence in our country.” Many Cities Visited Cables received from the Red Cross com— missioner to Italy as well as press cables have told of warmly significant receptions in honor of Mr. Davison and the members of the American Red Cross party in many Italian cities. In Naples the party were welcomed by the highest military and civil officials, before one of the largest audi- ences ever assembled in the famous San Carlo Opera House. People lined the streets cheering for America as the Red Cross visitors passed. The mayor of the city and Former Minister Bianci extolled the friendship between Italy and America and praised the work done in Italy by the American Red Cross. Mr. Davison spoke of the work of the Red Cross in Europe as an expression of the friendship of the American people for Italy and her allies. In Naples Mr. Davison made a tour of inspection of the American Red Cross ware- house, the home for refugees, hospitals and food-distributing stations. At the food-dis- tributing stations food is sold at one-third market prices to families of soldiers whose needs have been investigated by local au– thorities. More than 2,700 families are taken care of in this way. At Bologna a regiment of soldiers, all of whom had been wounded, marched to the railroad station to thank the Red Cross representatives for the aid which had been Here, also, the streets were lined with people, who cheered for President Wilson and the United States. At Florence the various Red Cross acti- vities were inspected in company with the king's prefect. An unusual ceremony was held in the famous Palazzio Vecchio. The great hall of Cinquecento was filled with members of patriotic societies. At all the other places visited the scenes here described have been repeated in spirit, if not in exact form. * 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN School Children will be Active in Junior Red Cross Garden Work This Summer This summer the Junior Red Cross is go- ing to help both Mr. Hoover and the Red Cross by producing food and at the same time earning money for the Junior Red Cross. All over the country Junior Red Cross gardens will be worked by school children and the produce sold. - In order to avoid overlapping the Junior Red Cross asks its School Auxiliaries to cooperate with the most effective existing agricultural organization in their own com- munity wherever possible, and under its guidance to do agricultural work for Junior Red Cross. This organization may be a Boys' or Girls’ Club of the Department of Agriculture, a Boys’ Working Reserve Unit, the system of backyard gardens of the Bureau of Education, or some kindred scheme. . In some localities it will be found better to start an independent Junior Red Cross garden on the school lot or grounds donated by some patriotic citizen. The pupils will form committees to study local market con- ditions, find out what is the taste of the community, and what is the best way to market the produce. If they are in doubt about what to plant; beans, corn and to- matoes are always safe. But first expert farmers ought to be consulted about the soil. At any rate the first thing to plant in the Junior Red Cross war garden is the United States flag, and the second is the Red Cross emblem. - The garden will be worked all through the summer and the vegetables marketed or preserved. The schoolhouse ought to be kept open during the summer and used as a community centre for agriculture lectures, canning and drying, exchange or marketing of vegetables, distribution of agricultural literature, etc. A pamphlet has been issued by the Red Cross called “Agriculture for Junior Red Cross,” A. R. C. 605, which gives instructions for organizing a Junior Red Cross Farm with simple gardening directions. This pamphlet may be had by applying to Divi- sion Headquarters. Help for Certain Deserving Candi. T dates;atiVassariCollege The sum of $2,500, out of an appropria- tion made by the American Red Cross for the establishment and maintenance of a school of science applied to trained nursing at Vassar College, has been set aside as a scholarship fund for deserving candidates in that school. The appropriation to establish and main- tain the school in question was made by the War Council of the Red Cross early in January last, and amounted to $75,000. At a late meeting of the Council it was re- ported that many excellent candidates had been presented who would be prevented from attending the school on account of the expense, the tuition fee having been fixed at ninety-five dollars. Ten scholarships, it was made known, already had been ob- tained, and the War Council thereupon voted to authorize the expenditure of part of the original appropriation to add to the number during the summer term of the school. Theatrical Stars to Tour for Second R. C. War Fund Perhaps the most remarkable cast of stars in the history of the American stage has been organized to make a three weeks’ tour of the large cities east of the Missis- sippi River in May, in connection with the Red Cross War Fund Drive. The com— pany will present J. Hartley Manners’ tragi-comedy of the great war, “Out There,” a play built around the Red Cross idea. The gross receipts will go to the Red Cross. In the cast will be George Arliss, George M. Cohan, H. B. Warner, Chauncey Ol- cott, James K. Hackett, James T. Powers, George MacFarlane, Arnold Daly, Laurette Taylor, Grace George and Viola Allen. Mrs. Fiske, it is expected, will read, in the last act, a Red Cross appeal which Presi- dent Wilson has been asked to write. The first performance will be given at the National Theater, in Washington, Mon- day night, May 13. The itinerary tentatively planned includes the cities of Baltimore, Philadelphia, Hartford, Boston, Springfield, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis, In- dianapolis, Cincinnati, Detroit, Cleveland and New York. One of the principal thea- ters in each city will be placed at the dis- posal of the company free of cost. In view of the extraordinary cast and the purpose for which the performances will be given, the scale of prices for seats will range from ten dollars to two dollars. The Bureau of Refugees and Relief has made arrangements with three French or- ganizations to have unfinished apartment buildings completed to house about 2,000 refugees. The cost of the necessary con- struction will be met by the organizations. The Red Cross will provide furniture. Refugees Adore Drive Across Paris in a Private Automobile, Says Rescue Worker In an interesting report, written in the form of a letter, Miss Helen Cameron gives a vivid picture of her personal experiences in the rescue work of refugees at the various Paris gares. This branch of the Women's War Relief Corps is becoming one of the vital necessities of a situation daily rendered more difficult, owing to increased restrictions of essence and, in consequence, fewer and fewer means and methods of transport, from one part of Paris to another: I offered my services with my automobile to the Women's War Relief Corps in Paris, and as a result, they made me the Automo- bile Delegate, and have asked me to report on Monday, Wednesday and Friday morn- ings to Madame Courcol who has charge of the refugees arriving at the Gare du Nord, and to report on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons at the Women's War Relief Corps, at 5 rue Francois Premier, to attend to any special commissions needing automo- bile service. - The result of my work is that I am able to transfer about 40 to 50 refugees a week across Paris to the stations from which they are to leave. I am delighted to report that the moral effect of this work is wonderful, for the refugees seem to adore being escorted by an American Red Cross Delegate in a private automobile; and these stunned people, who have been living in caves and listening to bombs for such a long time, really seem to be cheered up amazingly on this drive. I try to be a kind of guide to them. They tell me that they never have travelled before and only the Germans endless and ruthless bombardments have made them run away. One couple said: We staid until 32 were killed on our street. Another old couple had had 53 years of married life without budging from home. A blind organist I conducted to a home for the blind; and another man WaS So ill I feared he would die in the car, and his wife told me he had been in bed for years. - Madame Courcol sends a policeman with us and we don’t leave until we see that the refugees will get the benefit of the canteen service and will be put on the right train. Though they tell me their tragic stories I never hear them murmur at their fate. I come away feeling that we can never do enough; and I know and feel I am a priv- ileged person to serve such a wonderfully patient and patriotic people. . T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 THE AMERICAN RE D C Ross - NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoODROW WILSON ROBERT W. DE FOREST John SKELTON WILLIAMS .JOHN W. DAVIS STOCKTON AxSON • . . ... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * & e g º & e s tº a 4 & * * 4 ~ * g s & e º 'º e º 'º - • e º ºs e g º e º e º 'º - * WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee . & e º e º e º 'º w & e Vice-Chairman General Manager ELIOT WADSWORTH HARVEY D. GIBSON • * e s e º e e º e Red Cross War Council 3Y APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES • * * * * * * * * * * * * Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P. DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH Where the Shells Are Thickest - A famous journalist of the preceding generation once defined his profession as is going to break loose “knowing where — next and having someone there to report it.” It is breaking loose everywhere and almost all the time in western Europe these days. And the American Red Cross would excite the admiration of the noted editor, were he alive today, if not by its anticipa- tion of new frightfulness certainly by its quickness in getting on the scene with its relief workers. That rescue work coincident with the start of the German grand drive in March, the evacuation of towns and villages in the midst of the drum-fire bombardment, was a striking example of the manner in which the American Red Cross takes hold of things that are outside the more or less beaten path of relief work. It is in the emer- gencies that the greater tests of efficiency are presented, and it is in meeting emer- gencies that the marvels of Red Cross effi- ciency stand out. In this case the begin- ning of the new offensive had been sensed; the question was where the bolt would strike. When the attack began, there, from out of somewhere, were the A. R. C. motors, the A. R. C. ambulances and the A. R. C. workers, working day and night while the shells hailed, until the last man, woman and child had been rushed to zones of safety far in the rear. - Men who were there to describe the heroics and the thrills and kindred features of the greatest fighting in the world's history for the Associated Press and other news- gathering agencies, made some of the main parts of their stories the rescue work of the American Red Cross. In heroic interest that work vied with the tragedies of the battle- field. Superlatives have been over-worked in description of the way in which men of the rescue service performed in the time that tried men’s souls. We are proud of these workers and of this work, and everyone of the more than 22,000,000 members of the American Red Cross ought to thrill in the thought that he or she is of the army behind this heroic band of volunteers “over there”—for the service they are rendering is but the re- flection of the spirit of the masses which are making the greatest humanitarian work ever dreamed of a glorious reality. A.R.C. Has Set Up Shelter Canteens - in Milan A number of tents have been set up at the central station, Milan, to serve as shelters for the soldiers passing to and from the bat- tle lines. Three of them are dormitory tents and all the beds are provided with mat- tresses and warm covers. The other tents are equipped with shower baths, washstands, etc.; one is a sitting room furnished with facilities for writing, books, etc. All are illuminated by electricity. They have been tastefully decorated with flags, pictures, mottos, etc. This is the latest work of the American Red Cross which has given so many mani- festations of its generous spirit—From “Il Corriere della Sera,” Milan. New Volunteers at Headquarters Harrison Dibblee, of San Francisco, and Carroll B. Merriam, of Topeka, Kansas, have been appointed associate directors of the bureau of camp service of the Ameri- can Red Cross. They have volunteered their services and will fill the positions to which they have been appointed without expense to the Red Cross. Mr. Dibblee is connected with the William R. Statts Company, of San Fran- cisco, and was formerly associated with the Pacific Division of the Red Cross. Mr. Merriam is treasurer of the Merriam Mort- gage Company, of Topeka. - Free Life Insurance to be Provided for Red Cross Workers Across the Sea The American Red Cross has arranged for the furnishing of life, health and acci- dent insurance to its own workers abroad who are not eligible for the benefits of gov- ernment war risk insurance. All foreign workers are to be given free of cost and without medical examination $1,000 life insurance on the term plan, pay- able in event of death or at the end of two years, in event of total and permanent dis- ability and also, accident and health insu- rance providing for weekly indemnity pay- ment in case of disability from sickness or injury. All foreign workers are also to have the privilege of buying additional life insurance on the ordinary life plan with medical ex- amination, up to a total of $5,000—including the $1,000 above mentioned. The worker will pay the regular normal premium on Same and the American Red Cross will as- Sume the extra war risk premium. In their efforts to secure the best solution of this problem, the Red Cross War Council appointed a Committee of the Actuarial Society of America who, in cooperation with Robert C. Rathbone, Director of the Red Cross Insurance Bureau at Washington, prepared and recommended this plan of in- Surance. This Committee consisted of Arthur Hunter, of the New York Life In- surance Company, Chairman; R. Henderson, of the Equitable Life Insurance Company of New York; A. A. Welch, of the Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company of Hart- ford; George B. Woodward, of the Metro- politan Life Insurance Company, of New York; Henry Moir, of the Home Life In- surance Company of New York; Wendell M. Strong, of the Mutual Life Insurance Com- pany of New York; Benedict B. Flynn, of the Travelers Insurance Company of Hart- ford, and Mr. Woodward, of the State In- dustrial Commission of New York. An adjustment office will be established in France and the general administration of the insurance will be conducted from the Red Cross Insurance Bureau at Washing- ton where additional information can be ob- tained by those interested. The Red Cross workers are not eligible for the benefits of government war risk insurance unless actually enlisted in the U. S. Army or Navy, therefore the insurance plan announced by the Red Cross is a most important relief measure for its own workers, many of whom are voluntarily serv- ing abroad at great personal sacrifice. 4 - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN King George and London Times. Add To British Appreciation of the A.R.C. King George, of England, recently sent a message to The London Times, eacpressing appreciation of allied Red Cross effort and making special reference to the American Red Cross. The Times editorially empha- sized the king's words concerning the Ameri- eam organization in commenting on the mes- sage. The full teact of the message follows: “I learn with great satisfaction that the fund of the joint war committee of the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John reaches the immense total of ten mil- lion pounds, and I am glad to send my een- gratulations to The Times, which has done so much since the beginning of the war to keep the needs of the joint committee be- fore my people, both at home and overseas. The value of the help thus rendered to our own sick and wounded can not be estimated, and I know that much also has been done to assist the Red Cross organization of our allies. I am especially proud of the noble generosity displayed by Britons overseas. “Nor can I forget the munificence with which the American Red Cross has sup- ported the work of the British Red Cross, cementing still farther the ties which unite the two countries. Never was the need for continuance of the ministrations of the Red Cross more urgent. I earnestly trust that the joint committee, with the powerful help of The Times and press at home and over- seas, will be enabled, until victory is won and the peace of the world assured, to main- tain without abatement its sacred mission to the wounded, the sick and prisoners, whose welfare has our permanently unfailing solici- tude and our heartfelt sympathy.” Referring to the American Red Cross, The Times said in its editorial: “The king does well to remind us once more of our indebtedness to the American Red Cross. Their liberality, with that of countless subscribers at home, great and small, individual and corporate, bears wit– ness to the strength of a fundamental prin- ciple in English life—the voluntary prin- ciple, which, though sorely tried during the course of the war, but not in this instance, at least, found wanting, lies at the root of all good giving and of all true service.” The hospital for the American Red Cross personnel at one of the centers of activities in the war zone has opened with 20 beds. The oldest member of the Red Cross in America is said to be Mrs. Wastell, who lives in Clinton, Mich., and is 104 years old. Junior Red Cross Notes The High School graduating class of Olean, N. Y., is bringing its year of service to a fitting close. Instead of the usual com- mencement gift, the class is presenting the school with a framed certificate of mern- bership in the Junior Red Cross. The pre- sentation will be accompanied by appro- priate exercises, instead of the stereotyped formalities customary at such a time. In addition to her diplomas, each girl hopes to carry off a First Aid certificate, and the class is now preparing for the examination. Stanley Hall, in Evansville, Ind., has raised enough money beyond the sum neces- sary for enrollment to adopt a French or- phan. In Lander, Wyoming, the old fashioned spelling bee has been made lucrative. The Brooklyn Board of Education is backing its boys and girls in fine style. A room in the basement of the Board Build- ing, has been set aside for the Juniors, and is used as a supply service station. Mate- rials are delivered on the seven 'school routes by automobiles lent by the National League for Women's Service and finished supplies are collected in the same way for inspection before they are sent out. Greeting to Children of Holy Land Sent by Junior Red Cross The director of the bureau of Junior Red Cross membership has prepared the following message, to be carried to Pales- time by Dr. John H. Finley, head of the American Red Cross commission to that country: - Six million children of America, enrolled for national service through the Red Cross Junior Membership, send greetings to the children of other lands. They want to know them and to help them if there is any way in which they need help. They are willing to make, to save, to give in order that they may convey to the boys and girls of the Allies whatever it is possible, to make life better and happier for them. From Jerusalem, in olden days, the Knights of St. John took to all the world the message of kind care to the sick in their hospitals. Today the American chil- dren want to serve as successors of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jeru- Salem, and ask only to learn the way and the opportunity of following their great example. They ask Dr. John H. Finley, their old friend whom they love, and who was the first to devise the thought of the Junior Red Cross, to take this message for them School Auxiliaries to Help Food Conservation through Poster *. Competition The United States Food Administration has asked the Red Cross school auxiliaries to help in popularizing the campaign for food conservation, by holding a competi- tion for posters, designed in the art classes of the Red Cross school auxiliaries where poster design is regularly taught. To limit the competition, which is ex- perimental, the subject of the poster is re- stricted to depict an idea associated with the popular phrase “F. H. B.” (family hold back). For example, a design might be thus described: Uncle Saru at the dinner table carves roast beef; Madam Columbia at the other end of the table cuts a wheat loaf; the children at the table, North, East, South, West, sit expectantly, while four other children, Italy, France, England and Belgium look gravely on. There will be three competitions: (1) Chapter, (2) Division, and (3) National. (1) Chapter competition: Not more than three posters are to be submitted from any school auxiliary. Posters must be sub- mitted to the chapter school committee before May 1. Prize certificates will be awarded by the Junior Membership to the designers of the three winning posters. (These certificates will be forwarded, not filled out, to divisions from national head- quarters.) (2) Division competition: The three prize-winning posters from each chapter are to be forwarded to divisional head- quarters for division competition. Posters must arrive before May 15. Prize certifi- cates will be awarded by the Junior Mem- bership to the designers of the three win- ning posters. - 4. (3) National competition: The three prize-winning posters in each division are to be forwarded to Washington for na-' tional competition. Posters must arrive at American Red Cross headquarters, Wash- ington, not later than June 7. An exhibi- tion will be held, and gold, silver, and bronze medals will be awarded by the United States food administration to the designers of the three best posters. These will become the property of the Food Ad- ministration. - and to tell the children about their work. They have appointed him their Ambassa- dor of Friendship. We hope he will bring back to us, greetings from the children of many lands, which may be the beginning of a friendship which shall outreach the great oceans and seas that separate us. ~ , sº of the French people. & z - 3. *, *, - 32.3 × . ‘. . . . . .” • - sy * $ º -Y . - º :* 3 *- : , - ſº t - Qº - 4. 2. - 2 : * \ •r; .* •. º BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II MAY 6, 1918 No. 19 Ten Million Franc Gift to French Red Cross— A.R.C. Work Abroad Great Inspi- ration to War Fund Drive Announcement is made of a gift of 10,- 000,000 francs ($1,750,000) to the French Red Cross, from the war fund of the American Red Cross. The action involved is one of the results of the visit to France of Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War. Council, and other American Red Cross offi- cials who have been inspecting the Red Cross activities abroad. A cabled recom- mendation from Chairman Davison that the money be made available immediately was approved by the War Council. In a cablegram to one of his colleagues a few days ago, Mr. Davison expressed the opinion that everything which the American people could do should be done at this time to assist, alleviate and give courage in France. The French Red Cross, a voluntary organization, has been so pressed for funds that it either had to get money from Some source or curtail its work. The demands upon it have been tremendous and increas- ing. A thorough investigation of the situa- tion was made, and it was the unanimous recommendation of the finance committee of the commission to France, and the heads of various departments best able to judge, to- gether with the expression of opinion on the part of the French government and compe- tent French authorities, that a contribution to the French Red Cross by the American Red Cross, at this particular juncture, would be as effective and as much appreciated by the people throughout France as any one thing that could be done. Needs of France Great If the American people could be in France today, stated Mr. Davison in a private cable- gram received here, they would leave nothing undone to contribute to the help and Support In France, as in Italy, Red Cross work is largely extended toward helping the soldier, his family and the refugees. In other words, the American Red Cross is in principle and in substance helping those affected directly by the war,' all of which is essential to keep up the morale. - One of the earlier appropriations for the American Red Cross work in France was a contribution of $1,000,000 to be used for the relief of needy families of French sol- diers. This money, distributed among fifty thousand, families, exerted a tremendous influence in maintaining the morale of the French army. Importance of the Work According to all the latest reports reach- ing here from the other side, it is impossible to over-estimate the importance of the work that confronts the American Red Cross in France and Italy in the months directly ahead. The war is at an acutely critical stage. Much, almost everything in fact, hangs on the immediate future. Eventual victory for the armies of liberty seems to depend on the ability of the British, French and Italian troops to hold back the Teuton hordes, and on the staying powers of the allied countries until the United States is able to mass its full, fresh strength on the battle field. - Not only every returning traveller from Europe, but the highest military and civil authorities of the allied countries, testify to the fact that the humanitarian and general relief work inaugurated in France last sum- mer and in Italy last fall, by the American Red Cross, was a most potent influence in keeping those countries from collapse. The American Red Cross work, as all know, was made possible by the war fund contributed by the people of the United States last June. If for no other reason than the decidedly practical one that it is useless to start any- thing you cannot finish, the imperative na- ture of the demand for the second hundred million dollar war fund should strike every- one with full force. - Inspiration for Drive The second war fund drive will start just two weeks from the date of this issue of THE BULLETIN. By this time chapter plans for the drive are nearing completion. If any accentuation of the incentive for making the drive a tremendous success be needed, it is to be found in the situation affecting our allies in France and Italy at this very mo- ment. The meaning of the work already done over there is, of itself, a trumpet call to the people over here to refill the Red Cross coffers. The American Red Cross has had its work for the next several months cut out for it, by its own past record; to make that record a progressive and perma- nent one is an overwhelming, vital necessity. Red Cross workers should face the fact— it means the saving of a critical situation. Of the first war fund—amounting, with interest, to $110,134,360—there remained available for appropriation on April 15, the sum of $10,515,348. At the normal rate of appropriation this sum will have been virtually all allotted by June 1. The appropriations for relief work in France up to the time the April 15 state- ment was compiled, amounted to $30,936,- 103.04. These appropriations covered the budgets to May 1, but did not include the $1,750,000 gift noted above. The expendi- tures for work in France for the next year necessarily will be very heavy. Relief Work in Italy In Italy the relief work has involved ap- propriations of $4,588,826. About one-half of this amount has been devoted to the relief of refugees and families of Italian soldiers, the care of children and other kinds of civilian relief. The work in Italy has been in progress only since October, 1917, and there is reason to expect the necessity of greater work as time goes on. Certainly the work in hand wil have to be continued. During the visit to Italy of Chairman Davi- son and other Red Cross officials, arrange- ments were made to extend further sub- stantial aid to the needy families of soldiers, along the lines of the relief for the families of French soldiers. - The American Red Cross did much toward Saving Italy in the dark hour of the Teuton invasion last fall, and it is essential that the work thus accomplished does not go for naught. The success of the war depends greatly on the sustained courage of the peo- ple behind the lines. The whole situation should arouse the in- tensest enthusiasm for the war fund drive. It appeals to everyone to “Give till it hurts,” and then go out and get others to do the Sa Iſle. 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN --- ~~~~" -- Red Cross Dollar Now Has Same Market Standing as Govern- ment Bollar The American Red Cross and the Govern- ment dollar will stand side by side in the marts of trade hereafter. One will be on the same footing as the other. Red Cross purchases are to be ac- corded the same prices and the same priority privileges as those of the Government, ac- cording to a recent decision of the War Industries Board. “From this time forward the Red Cross dollar will go as far as the Government dollar, and will thus be more efficient than it has been in the past,” says the New York Journal of Commerce, in discussing the ruling. - * - - - - - “The new rule will be a source of grati- fication to the many voluntary contributors to the Red Cross all over the country,” i continues. “It assures them that every ad- vantage will now be taken to secure the sup- plies that must be obtained through the charity of the country on a basis that will not add a seriously disturbing influence to general trade. “It will also make contributors feel that their money is being well spent. To many men in the trade who have been large con- tributors to the Red Cross, both direct and indirect, it will give assurance that all manu- facturers will be treated alike and fairly as to the proportion of merchandise they are required to furnish for war purposes.” GREAT SAVING EFFECTED. The importance of the action taken by the War Industries Board may be best under- stood through the statement of an official of the American Red Cross Bureau of Pur- chases, who estimated that it saved $18,000 on a single order placed a few days ago. The New York Journal of Commerce points out that heretofore the Red Cross “had had a Government responsibility with a civilian standing in trade,” and that con- sequently “agents and mills have been in a quandary as to the price they should charge it for purchases.” It points out that “the consolidation will be of the utmost im– portance to the market, as the Red Cross will continue to be a large purchaser of supplies, and will consequently be an in- direct factor in competition affecting all lines of merchandise. For months past the prices for goods wanted in civilian trade have been advanced rapidly in all channels and quite out of all proportions to the de- mands of the Government alone. The point has been reached where merchants are afraid of the final effect of the advancing prices upon the morale of the consumers of the country. They have been taking action to protect themselves by shortening terms, by cutting down the consumers to whom they will sell and by adopting dozens of different methods of an emergency character, intend- ed primarily to check growing speculation. HAVE PAID MARKET PRICE. “Buyers for local Red Cross chapters have been perfectly innocent of any intention to create the conditions that have come about by their supplemental buying, following the great purchasing of the Government and the national organization. The buyers have simply taken goods where they found them and paid the market price as they found it. In ordinary times this might be all right, but these are far from ordinary times and the point has been reached by the Govern- ment where production must not only be conserved, but vastly increased in many staple lines.” - The attitude of the War Department and the War Industries Board towards this co- ordination of purchases with the American Red Cross has been most cordial and help- ful. This action will be of the highest value to Red Cross work both at home and abroad. The centralization, direction, and control of chapter purchasing at National Headquar- ters simplifies many problems, and saves many thousands of dollars. Great Work the Canadian Red Cross Accomplished in 1917 The work of the Canadian Red Cross since the outbreak of the war has been tremen- dous. This society is sub-divided into 772 local chapters; 6 hospitals have been organ- ized in England itself; 28,500 crates of hos- pital material, etc., have been distributed among various hospitals in France and Africa through the medium of the French Red Cross societies. The Canadian Society also supports recre- ation huts for convalescents. The 59 ambu- lances belonging to the Association trans- ported more than 32,500 wounded during the summer months of 1917. In 1916 the Canadian Red Cross con- tributed $365,000 for Red Cross work in France alone. —From the Bulletin International des Societes de la Croia, Rouge. The War Council of the Red Cross has approved a donation of six thousand dollars, to be used in taking care of wounded Portu- guese soldiers. Subject to the approval of the state department, it is expected that the money will be distributed through the lega- tion of the United States at Lisbon. Food Supplies Forwarded to German Prison Camp for Prospective American Prisoners Captured American soldiers, arriving in German prison camps, will find American Red Cross emergency food parcels awaiting them, if arrangements already in operation are fully carried out. At the prison camp at Tuchel, in West Prussia, permission has been obtained to store emergency supplies and 360 ten-pound food parcels have been shipped there from the Red Cross prisoner relief headquarters at Berne, Switzerland, for distribution to newly arrived prisoners. There are about twenty-five Americans in the Tuchel camp at present. It is hoped that arrangements can be made in the near future, whereby all or nearly all of the German prison camps will be stocked with similar emergency supplies, in anticipation of the wants of those who are unfortunate enough to fall into the hands of the enemy. There are approxi- mately 200 main prison camps in Germany, and some 10,000 prison groups, counting the small detachments of prisoners sent out to do farm labor. The American Red Cross plans contemplate the supplying of all these work camps, as well as the others, where American prisoners are held, with the regu- lation food parcels. In the ordinary course of affairs it would be necessary for the bureau at Berne to be advised regarding the arrival of American prisoners in a German camp, before sending food parcels. Ten days or more would elapse before the prisoners could have the benefit of the rations. At the camp at Tuchel, according to advices received by cable from Berne, Sergeant Halyburton and Corporal. Upton, American prisoners, have been delegated custodians of the emergency food supplies, and a store room has been assigned to them in which to keep the par- cels that have been forwarded. - Sardinia Pictures for Screen A cablegram from the American Red Cross commissioner to Italy, dated April 29, Says that a presentation was made at the Red Cross headquarters at Rome on that day, of a motion picture film showing scenes of unusual beauty in the Island of Sardinia. The gift was made in recognition of work done by the American Red Cross among families of soldiers in Sardinia. The motion picture will be sent to America for ex- hibition under the auspices of the Red Cross, for the purpose of acquainting the American people with the picturesque life in Sardinia and the natural beauties of that rarely visited island. T H E R E D C Ross B U L L E T IN 3. THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS who have been brought in contact with the Wounded American Soldiers Cared NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President £oBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman 'HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager & e º gº º q + æ tº e Red Cross War Council gły AP POINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CORNELIUS N. BLISs, JR. HENRY P. DAVISON {GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN tº º is tº s e º 'º & & © tº e Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFT ELIOT WADsworth The Red Cross Spirit “Get the work done; never mind who gets the credit.” That is the spirit in which the American Red Cross work is being done in France, according to the testimony of ob- servers who recently have returned to this country from “Over there,” and it speaks volumes for the cause in which the organiza- tion is enlisted. The same spirit, it may be said in all truth, animates the directing or- ganization over here, and it should be the spirit in connection with the work of every chapter and every auxiliary. . Addressing the members of the Red Cross family at national headquarters, just after his return from France, George W. Sim- mons, of St. Louis, manager of the South- western Division, declared that the organiza- tion in France is the greatest aggregation of high grade men possible to be gotten to- gether. “No amount of money,” declared Mr. Simmons, “could induce men of that class to come together and do the kind of work they are putting through. They take the job, no matter what it is, and, most characteristic of all they do, they care not who does it. All are working for one great end; just one happy family.” Undoubtedly it is just this “happy fam- ily” idea that accounts for much of the wonderful Success that has attended the Red Cross work in Europe since the United Without the esprit du corps which has impressed itself on all States entered the war. organization through tours of inspection and otherwise, the efforts to relieve the suffer- ing in France would have been little better than a conglomeration of well-intentioned blundering instead of the record of achieve- ment that has called forth the praise of generals and statesmen far and wide. Leaders, of course, there must be in any great undertaking. This war, especially, has demonstrated that even the most popularized democracies must concentrate unusual pow- ers in the hands of their leaders; but it is demonstrating as well that the leader who directs his energies with thought of the credit he is to get out of it, who lets per- sonal ambition enter the equation with the good of the cause, is mighty short-lived. Fortunately the Red Cross leadership has been of the sort that has inspired good- fellowship and cooperation all along the line. And that tells the story of success. There is a positive lesson in this for all the Red Cross units that go to make up the great whole. Let the spirit of France—the spirit that has taken hold of the American Red Cross organization that is in France— be infused throughout all the branches and all the chapters over here. Then the work so gloriously begun will be still grander, and there will be glory in the completed work for every Red Cross member. There will be pride in the realization that it is “Your Red Cross.” Earthquake Suffering Relieved Immediately following the recent earth- quake in California a Red Cross investiga- tion of the damage done at San Jacinto and Helmet was made, according to a telegram to General Manager Harvey D. Gibson from Marshal Hale, manager of the Pacific Di- vision. An expert from the bureau of civil affairs was sent to the scenes of damage, finding that the business portions of both towns were practically in ruins. About fif- teen private residences in San Jacinto were wrecked and about five families were found which were unable to rebuild their homes. No person was seriously injured and no per- son was found to be in destitute circum- stances. The Red Cross made arrangements to relieve all distress and to provide food and clothing and necessary comforts for all afflicted. * for in Canadian Hospitals Canadian hospitals in France are help- ing to care for wounded soldiers of the United States forces, according to informa- tion recently communicated to the national headquarters of the American Red Cross by the chairman of the executive committee of the Canadian Red Cross. This informa- tion was in the form of a cablegram from Lieut.-Colonel H. W. Blaylock, the Canadian Red Cross commissioner to France, to Lieut.- Colonel Noel G. L. Marshall, chairman of the executive committee, in Toronto. It reads as follows: “Please inform Washington everything possible being done by our society for Amer- ican wounded in Canadian hospitals.” This cablegram indicated that at that time —it was dated April 18—General Pershing's men were fighting shoulder to shoulder with the Canadians, whose gallantry has been one of the most glorious features of the war. Where the Canadians have been placed the hardest kind of fighting has been expected, and some of the most important results have been achieved. Some weeks ago the War Council of the American Red Cross made a contribution of $500,000 to the Canadian Red Cross. The gift was without restriction of any sort, but the hope was expressed that it would be used to nurse and comfort wounded and sick Canadian soldiers. Autograph Quilt to be Auctioned for Ambulance Fund A Red Cross autograph quilt containing the signatures of President Wilson, Vice President Marshall, each member of the cabinet, Senators, representatives, governors of many states and other distinguished Americans is being made by Mrs. John Edwin Nevin, wife of a Washington news- paper correspondent. When completed it will be sold at auction for the benefit of an ambulance fund being raised by the Junior Red Cross of Alexandria County, Va. The autographs are inscribed on the white blocks of the quilt with water-proof inks. Former President William Howard Taft and Col. E. M. House have written their names on squares. J. P. Morgan and Joseph Leiter are among the financiers represented. Chief Justice Edward Douglass White put his signature on a block, with other mem- bers of the Supreme Court of the United States. When Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin and Marie Dressler were in Washington recently they also “signed up” for the benefit of posterity. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AMERICAN RED-CROSS |N | TALY #AMBULANCE % G-CANTEENAMBULANCE - ſ' ROL ING'C *Nº, $ . t VICENZ MESTRE® \ + º-º-º º /* CANTEEN IN >~ ... • NºFSENATICO * Y----- 2^- . /* ** **Exºrſ Tº g1. **ś, - { *S- & * ..”? &R! - SCoR SICA KEY. @” DISTRICT ORGANIZATION Q). OUVROIR HP HOSPITAL Sk. SOUP KITCHEN . 'C CANTEEN REF REFUGEES HOME: CH. CHILDRENS HOME. RC. REFUGEES COLONY HC..HEALTH CENTRE CR- CRE CHE- INF INFIRMARY SF SHOE, FACTORY S - SHOP’ w WAREHOUSE. * - HOSPITALS ASSISTED. . A - CITIES AND TOWNS WHICH HAVE RECEIVED AID. S E A 1918 In order to visualize the activities of the the Washington headquarters of the Red Italian peninsula and the islands of Sicily American Red Cross Commission in Italy Cross. The map is presented herewith, to- and Sardinia possibly tells in simplest form: a map has been prepared by the commission, gether with a key to the various activities the great scope and vast area of the work copies of which have just been received at denoted. This well-dotted outline of the that has been and is being done. HV 575. f\ . . . . yº. . .si Mº Mº N \* * , 4. . ºt **, *, - , , * -- - . ** . . * .. :- - . §. . i** ... - :z *: , , e. * $º: 3 # ED CROSS AMERICAN RED CROSS wASHINGTON, D. C. BULLETIN Vol. II MAY 13, 1918 No. 20 President Wilson, in Proclamation Designating “Red Cross Week,” Urges People to - Give to War Fund President Wilson issued a proclamation on May 7, designating the week beginning May 20th as “Red Cross Week” and ap- pealing to the American people in the name of the American Red Cross, whose campaign for a second hundred million dollar War fund will be carried on during that week. The proclamation follows: “PROCLAMATION “Inasmuch as the War Fund of 1917, 80 generously contributed by the American people to the American Red Cross for the administration of relief at home and abroad, has been practically exhausted by appro- priations for the welfare of the men in our military and naval forces, and for those dependent upon them, and for the yet more urgent necessities of our Allies, military and civilian, who have long borne the brunt of war; - “And, inasmuch as the year of our own participation in the war has brought un- precedented demands upon the patriotism and liberality of our people, and made evi- dent the necessity of concentrating the work of relief in one main organization which can respond effectively and universally to the needs of humanity under stress of War; “And, inasmuch as the duration of the war and the closer and closer cooperation of the American Red Cross with our own Army and Navy, with the governments of our Allies, and with foreign relief organiza- tions, have resulted in the discovery of rare opportunities of helpfulness under conditions which translate opportunity into duty; “And, inasmuch as the American Red Cross War Council and its Commissioners in Europe have faithfully and economically administered the people's trust; Now, THEREFORE, by virtue of my authority as President of the United States and President of the American Red Cross, I, wooDROw WILSON, do hereby pro- claim the week beginning May 20, 1918, as “Red Cross Week,” during which the people of the United States will be called upon to give generously to the continuation of the important work of relieving distress, re- storing the waste of war and assisting in maintaining the morale of our own troops and the troops and peoples of our Allies by this manifestation of effort and sacrifice on the part of those, who, though not privi- leged to bear arms, are of one spirit, pur- pose, and determination with our warriors. “IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States to be affixed. “Done in the District of Columbia, this 7th day of May, in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred and Eighteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the One Hundred and Forty- second. (Seal) “WOODROW WILSON. “By the President: “Robert Lansing, Secretary of State.” war Council issues Drive Address; Says “Spare No Effort” Following the “Red Cross Week” procla- mation by President Wilson, the War Coun- cil of the American Red Cross issued the following address to members of the organ- ization: - - “To carry out the proclamation of the President of the United States and Presi- dent of the American Red Cross, you are called upon to spare no effort to make “Red Cross Week,” beginning May 20th, a period of patriotic generosity unsurpassed in the annals of practical relief. The minimum of America's contribution should be $100,000,- {}{}0. “You are asked to review carefully the needs of our own troops and of the troops and civilian populations of our Allies as outlined in the President's proclamation and discussed in detail in the many reports of this organization and then to bring these needs to the attentions of all with whom you come into contact. - “Let no Red Cross member fail to give until he feels he has a satisfactory personal share in these measures for victory. Red Cross Week affords every American the opportunity to give to his country and to his country’s allies—to do his utmost with- out thought of financial return—that those who are suffering may be sustained to the victory point. Let no one be able to say that he did not give or that he did not give sufficiently because he failed to under- stand the need. - - “No matter how many men are in camp, in transit or in the trenches the protection of the American Red Cross must be with everyone from the time he leaves home until he returns to his home or until he finds his grave on foreign soil. The same protection must be maintained over any dependents he may leave behind him. Must Increase Facilities - “The rapid increase in the number of our soldiers in France means that the Red Cross facilities abroad for the immediate relief and care of our fighters must be in- creased. . “The refugees driven from their homes by the Germans have added thousands to the number of homeless old men, women and children in France and Italy who must be fed, clothed, nursed back to health and re- established. - “The death of every allied soldier makes more important every civilian and especially every child. The fight to overcome tuber- culosis in France must be maintained and increased. The campaign to save babies and children—the immediate hope of a future citizenship—must be extended. “The need for at least one hundred mil- lion. dollars is convincing and immediate. “The American Red Cross in more than a hundred ways is rendering service here and abroad that saves human life and maintains the fighting spirit of our allies. The Red Cross must always be financially prepared to deal with the unexpected emergencies constantly arising from war conditions. In these emergencies immediate relief is the only effective relief. - “Never has money been made to yield such big returns in allaying pain, restoring happiness and re-creating usefulness for our fellow human beings as the Red Cross dollar of the first war fund. 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T I N American Girl, Back From Italy To Help War Fund Drive, Tells of Her Work Miss Alice Taylor Wharton, of Philadel- phia, who has been doing Red Cross work in Italy for several months, has returned to America to speak in aid of the American Red Cross second war fund drive, as well as to urge women of means to give their services to the cause. There is great need, says Miss Wharton, for more women work- ers in Italy. She expects to resume her own labors in that country as soon as she has carried out the mission that called her back home. Her speaking tour, as tenta- tively planned, will take her to many of the Eastern cities and towns where colleges for young women are located. The college girl will be sure to have her interest stirred by the recital of an American girl's experiences in war time in the actual war zone. Miss Wharton, with two other American and two English girls, was sent into Italy from France, where she had been working with Edith Wharton in the anti-tuberculosis campaign two days before Christmas. Ar- riving in Italy, she first went with the Duchess Alexander to Rimini to work among the refugees from Venice. After two days there she was ordered to Cesenatico, about 150 miles below Venice, to continue the same work, investigating the conditions of poor families, looking up names of soldiers at the front for refugee women, and looking into the sanitary and general civic condi- tions. SoME CRYING NEEDs Cesenatico is a small, fashionable Summer resort for the inhabitants of northern Italy, situated on the Adriatic. Now the guests who are catered to are the refugees. Every person who owns more than one house is compelled by the government to give those he does not require for his own use for the use of the people who have had to flee from their own homes. All the towns along the coast, which are well built up, with com- fortable houses, are being reserved for the evacuated refugees. But there was a cry- ing need for doctors, nurses, hospitals and small dispensaries, Miss Wharton found. After turning in her report on Cesena- tico, the young American investigator was sent to a town north of Rimini called Viser- ba. There she found the medical conditions appalling. There was one small, poorly equipped dispensary and one doctor; with a refugee population of two thousand, influx- ing every night on the war train from Venice. The condition of the children’s eyes, ears and throats was most serious. Wherever the investigators found poverty and distress the American Red Cross dis- tributed sweaters, socks, socklie (wooden shoes), and underwear for women, children and soldiers. . . . - - From Viserba Miss Wharton went to Ric- cione, a picturesque summer resort, and then south to Chiaravalle, where she found in- teresting experiences but also much hard work to perform. Returning finally to Ce- senatico, she and Miss Comerford opened a dispensary. It was situated near the homes of the refugees, close by the sea, and in sight of a picturesque old canal. It was a Small pink house, with a big sign, reading “Crose Rossa Americana.” There was a small garden and all the touches of Amer- ican domestic life. Inside they had four beds, one medico, a waiting room, a kitchen and all modern medical equipment. WoRK To BE ENLARGED Major Aldrich, chief of the civilian relief department of the American Red Cross in Italy, Miss Wharton states, intends to build dispensaries along the Adriatic coast in every town where they are needed. “We are now sending our workers south to Sicily as well as north in the war zone,” Miss Wharton said. “We have not enough American workers, and the women who have been doing the work on the whole, before the American Red Cross went into the Italian field, are the English, who deserve every honor and all the thanks we can be- stow on them. The great need for the American Red Cross is to send nurses and doctors just as soon as conveniently possi- ble.” Miss Wharton says that she never saw such evidence of sincere gratitude anywhere as was observed among the poor people of northern Italy for the workers of the Amer- ican Red Cross. Junior Membership Directors Announcement is made of the appoint- ment of the following associate directors of the Red Cross Junior Membership: J. W. Studebaker, assistant superinten- dent of schools, Des Moines, Iowa, to serve on educational program. Miss Elizabeth Hall, assistant superinten- dent of schools, Minneapolis, Minnesota, in charge of the organization program. J. N. Rule, principal of Schenley high school of Pittsburgh, in charge of boys’ work. Miss Justine R. Cook, formerly junior di- rector of a Chicago Chapter, in charge of girls’ work. All except Miss Cook are serving as volun- teers, having been released by their respec- tive boards of education for the remainder of the school year. - . Red Cross Hospital Train for Amer- icans Wounded in France Has Every Luxury z1 Red Cross hospital train, which has been built in England for service in France, is described as follows in the special London cable correspondence of The New York Sun: “A luxury train for American wounded,” the Star describes it; a “hospital on wheels,” Says another paper of the new Red Cross train which the Great Eastern Railway has just completed for the United States troops. It consists of sixteen carriages and without the locomotive is 912 feet long, weighs 441 tons and has accommodation for 480 sitting or 360 cot cases. In an emergency these figures can be increased by the use of staff and other quarters to 600 and 480 respec- tively. & All the improvements suggested by ex- perience gained in the war have been em- bodied. The stores are carried in a separate car, and an elaborate pharmacy is provided. Normally the carriages are filled with three tiers of cots, but this can be varied at will, the cots folding up when not in use. Infec- tious cases are separated from the ordinary patients by the doctors’ and sisters' quarters. There are one or two recreation sections for the men, a special recreation room for twelve “sitting officer cases,” and the person- nel of the car is equally well provided for. The beds are all well sprung and hung So as to minimize the jolting of the train. Every carriage is ventilated by at least two electric fans. Everything has been con- Structed with a view to convenience and comfort. Not an inch of space is wasted. Cupboards, pantries, storerooms, lavatories— even a bathroom—appear in the most unex- pected places. - Tickets for inspection are being sold at twelve cents a head, and the whole of the proceeds are to be given to the fund for providing comforts for the railway engi- neering section serving in France. Good Liberty Bond Showing The Third Liberty Loan Campaign regis- tered an eighty-five per cent subscription list among the workers at the National Headquarters of the American Red Cross. Out of the total of 742 employes, 631 sub- scribed for Government war bonds of the third issue. Sixteen of the twenty-four departments were on the hundred per cent list. . To the firemen of Rome, N. Y., goes credit for knitting some of the best socks for sol- diers that have been received in France. T H E R E D 3 - C R O S S B U L L E T I N THE AMERICAN RE D C R OSS - NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooD Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADsworth Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager * * * * g e º ſº & wº Red Cross War Council RY AppointMENT of THE PRESIDENT of THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAVISON Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADsworth e e º te e s e º ſº tº & 5 The Drive and the “Movies” The attention of Red Cross Chapters, everywhere, is earnestly directed to the pos- sibilities afforded by the moving picture theatres in every city and town, in carrying forward the work of the war fund drive, which starts next week. The war fund cam- paign committee has produced some par- ticularly good Red Cross films, and Chap- ters should see to it that these films are shown in all the theaters in their respective territories. As a matter of fact, the managers of moving picture houses will be more than glad to obtain the films; the thing to be made sure of is that no manager fails to present them to his patrons through igno- rance of their existence. One of the films, “The Spirit of the Red Cross,” which is what is known as a photoplay, will go to the moving picture houses in the various cities automatically, through their respective agencies. Two other films, however, which depict real scenes that appeal to the sym- pathies of humanity, photographed at the front in France and in centers of actual relief work among the civilian population, may be obtained on application to the vari- ous division headquarters of the Red Cross. Chapter workers are urged to bring the attention of managers of the “movie” houses to bear on the existence and manner of obtaining these latter films especially. This is on the theory that the managers will be more than likely to be supplied with the photoplay in the natural course of events; but if there is any doubt indicated of the presentation of this film let Chapter workers make inquiry and, if necessary, suggest the importance of getting busy regarding pic- tures that all patrons will want to see. In these days when practically everybody - goes to the “movies” there is no better means of reaching people of all classes than via the screen, when there is something sin- cerely interesting to present. Those patrons of the picture shows who like heart throbs will get them from the story of love and war told in “The Spirit of the Red Cross.” Those who prefer the real-life pictures will find thrills and sadness of the inspiring kind in “Humanity’s Appeal” and “Service on the Western Front.” Insure the showing of these pictures and then tell all your neighbors not to miss see- ing them. They are calculated to make loose purse strings looser. More Aid For Training Camps An appropriation of $50,000, constituting an additional contribution to the training camp activities commission of the war and navy departments, brings the total contribu- tions for that work from the American Red Cross war fund to $300,000. The original contribution was one of $200,000, the appro- priation therefor having been made on Sep- tember 20, 1917. On January 9 last a fur- ther contribution of $50,000 was made. The third contribution, just made, was the re- sult of a request by Raymond Fosdick, chairman of the commission on training camp activities, asking for this additional help. The request was accompanied by a statement showing the auxiliary funds re- quired to finance the commission's activities to June 30, 1918. All the money contributed to the army and navy training camp activities commis- sion will be expended in the interests of the Soldiers and sailors of the United States. Joins Headquarters Staff The Department of Supplies at National Headquarters has augmented its personnel by the addition of Mr. Walter C. Stitt, President of the Youngstown Dry Goods Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Mr. Stitt has volunteered his services to the American Red Cross and is to be asso- ciated with Frank B. Gifford in the Bureau of Purchases. He will be particularly re- sponsible for securing the prompt delivery of the goods bought by the American Red Cross. - Premier Clemenceau Thanks A.R.C. For Quick Refugee Relief Some of the details concerning the emer- gent relief rendered by the American Red Cross to refugees, immediately following the evacuation of certain sections in France lying in the new fighting zone, are reaching this country. Along with them come ex- pressions of thanks and appreciation from the French authorities, including a special message from Premier Clemenceau. The premier sent his thanks to the American Red Cross for aid in response to a call for food for refugees in the department of Pas de Calais, as follows: “I thank you heartily for generous help given recently by your society to evacués of Pas de Calais, when you sent them pro- visions at St. Omer, Anvin and Bruges. After so many tokens of your bounty to— wards the French population, sorely tried by common misfortune, you are now help- ing the Pas de Calais people who, by their energetic attitude towards the enemy, fully merit the interest you are taking in them. Allow me to be the interpreter of their gratitude.” On April 20, shortly after noon, Premier Clemenceau's secretary had called the Amer- ican Red Cross commission in Paris on the telephone, saying that fifty thousand refu- gees were gathered at St. Omer and that a revitaillement train was being made up from one of the Paris stations. He stated that milk, cheese, beef and flour were needed. Could the American Red Cross send these supplies immediately? The American Red Cross could, and did. When the train left Paris at seven o'clock that same night it had aboard five tons of condensed milk, two and one-half tons of cheese, and the same amount of tinned beef and flour. The fifty thousand refugees at St. Omer were fed. Next day another train left Paris with more Red Cross food aboard. Co-operation between the American Red Cross and the French authorities who are dealing with refugees has been intimate and constant throughout the late weeks of emer- gency. Just as the Clemenceau letter of thanks, printed above, reached the headquar- ters of the Red Cross commission in Paris another appeal came by telephone from the ministry of war. “We are establishing two hundred chil- dren in a convent in the south of France, and need seventy-five beds; can you get them for us?” Thus came the appeal. The American Red Cross, drawing on its ever-ready warehouse supplies, promptly complied with the request. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Details of Red Cross Life and Acci. dent Insurance Are Set Forth in Memorandum The plan of insurance for American Red Cross workers abroad, the general scheme previously having been announced in THE BULLETIN, is set forth in detail in a memo- randum issued by the insurance bureau. As a precaution necessary to avoidance of any misunderstanding of this technical sub- ject, it is requested that all inquiries in re- gard to the insurance be referred to the insurance bureau at headquarters, and that no letters be written on the subject unless first approved by the bureau. The memo- randum, which is in two parts, follows: PART I.-INSURANCE FURNISHED TO THE WoRKER WITHouT COST. The Red Cross has procured life, health and accident insurance for its workers abroad in accordance with policies which are on file subject to examination. Before sail- ing each worker will be given a certificate of this insurance at the New York office of the Insurance Bureau, 222 4th Avenue, New York City. The insurance granted is substantially as follows: 1. A policy of life insurance on the term plan in the sum of $1,000 for each worker—payable in event of death or in event of total and permanent disability from any cause, payment for total and permanent disability to be made at the end of two years from date of disability, and in the meantime the worker receives the weekly indemnity described in the next paragraph. 2. A policy of accident and health in- surance which provides for the payment of weekly indemnities of $20 per week in the case of total disability resulting from bodily injury or disease, and in addition, provides for the payment of $500 in the event of certain permanent injuries as mentioned in the policy. The weekly indemnity payments are to commence four weeks from the date of disability and continue until disability ceases, not exceeding a total period of two years from date of disability. Dur- ing the first four weeks necessary medical care and attention will be furnished by the Red Cross without cost. The policies of insurance, copies of which may be seen upon application to the Red Cross, show in detail the exact terms and conditions of the insurance and this letter of explanation is given for your information only, and is not to be taken as part of the contract of insurance or as creating any obligation upon the American Red Cross. The above insurance is furnished without cost to you and without medical examina- tion. The insurance attaches from the time you go on board ship to sail from the United States. The plan of insurance will continue in force for the duration of the war, unless you are advised of its earlier termination, which is not anticipated. In any event, each worker will be protected only during the period of his employment by the Red Cross and while returning to the United States immediately after the termination of such employment, but after your employment ends, you will continue to receive any ben- efits which become due under policies for sickness or injury which occurred while you were in the employ of the Red Cross abroad. You should designate a beneficiary for the life insurance on blanks which will be fur- nished you at the Bureau of Insurance, 222 Fourth Avenue, New York City, for that purpose. If no other beneficiary is desig- nated, the life insurance will be payable to your estate. PART II.-ADDITIONAL LIFE INSURANCE. PART of THE Cost To BE PAID BY THE WORKER AND PART BY THE RED CROSs. Should you desire additional life insur- ance, the Red Cross will pay the extra war risk premium on same on not exceeding a total of $5,000 insurance (including the $1,000 under the term plan mentioned above), provided the extra war risk pre- mium does not exceed a single extra pre- mium of $25 per $1,000 insurance for the duration of the war, at which figure leading insurance companies have offered to take the risk. It is understood that the regular normal premium on this additional insur- ance is to be paid by the worker and that the usual medical examination is required. By paying the extra war risk premium the Red Cross enables you to procure this in- surance as if you were at home engaged in ordinary occupation. - Applications for this additional life in- surance should be made direct to our New York office, 222 Fourth Avenue, New York City, and not through any agent or broker. The Extra War risk premium will be paid by the Red Cross only on insurance taken out through the Red Cross Insurance Bu- reau. Each person desiring such additional insurance should call in person at our New York office at least four days before sailing date to give time to have the medical exam- ination made and policies prepared. A list of insurance companies who are willing to write the additional life insurance referred to in the last paragraph will be furnished you at our New York office, and Six Hundred Million Red Cross Christmas Seals for Fight on Tuberculosis Six hundred million Red Cross Christmas Seals have just been ordered by the Ameri- can Red Cross, to be placed on sale about Thanksgiving time, for the raising of funds for the fight against tuberculosis. Last year 440,000,000 were printed and more than $1,500,000 raised for the support of state and local anti-tuberculosis associations. The design this year was made by Charles A. Winter, of New York City, and consists of the head and shoulders of the Goddess of Liberty, with the Red Cross and holly decorations. This method of raising funds for the anti- tuberculosis work was begun by the Ameri- can Red Cross on the suggestion of Miss Emily P. Bissell, then Secretary of the Delaware Red Cross Branch. More than five million dollars has since been raised in this way. . . . . . Ninety per cent of the receipts from these seals is retained and applied in the state in which sold, the remaining ten per cent being paid to the American Red Cross to reimburse it for the expense incurred in the printing and distribution of seals and advertising supplies. Any net profit re- maining from the ten per cent received by the American Red Cross, over and above expenses, is divided equally between this Association and the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculo- sis. This profit, which is retained by the Red Cross, enables it each year to finance the Christmas seal campaign without making drafts on other funds. the worker may select any of these com- panies or any other company he desires, provided such company is willing to write the insurance on the same terms. Applications for this additional insurance can also be made at the Paris office of the Insurance Bureau, No. 4 Place de Concord, Paris, but not later than one hundred and twenty days after date of sailing from the United States. - For obvious reasons, this technical matter must be handled exclusively through One channel and therefore no agent or repre- sentative of the Red Cross has authority to vary or alter the terms of this insurance or make any agreement concerning same. The American Red Cross is gratified to be able to assume this important relief measure for its own devoted workers, many of whom, it is appreciated, undertake their service at great personal sacrifice. 7 5. * R ED CROSS AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. BULLETIN Voi. II MAY 20, 1918 No. 21 Wonderful Spirit of the F rench Most Impressed Dr. Wm. P. Lucas, Head of A.R.C. Infant - Welfare Work in France Dr. William P. Lucas, who has been in charge of infant welfare work of the Ameri- can Red Cross in France, for the past sia, months, and who has just returned to this country, spoke to the heads of departments and bureaus at Red Cross headquarters in Washington Wednesday, outlining briefly his work which had touched more than 150,000 French children. * - Accompaning Dr. and Mrs. Lucas on their return are Dr. Paul F. Armand-Dellille, the French medical chief for repatries, and Lieutenant Gelston of the U. S. Medical Corps, detailed to assist him at Evian. Dr. Armand-Delille conveyed the thanks of France for the help given by the Red Cross, particularly in the care of the civilian popw- lation. Dr. Lucas said: Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a great pleasure, I can assure you, for one from the field, as it were, to come home and see the wonderful growth and spirit that we find here in the Red Cross. But I can as- sure you that the growth and spirit in France has kept pace with your growth and with your spirit. There is no organization I know of any where that has such spirit of loyalty, of work, of devotion as your representatives, the representatives of our Nation in the Red Cross in France. The simple part and most interesting part of the work that I have had to do with has been with the women and the children of France. We landed in France on Au- gust 11th. In three days from that time we were in Toul starting one of our biggest and most interesting pieces of work. We were helping the prefect of that depart- ment, M. Mirman, one of the best known French prefects, and one of the biggest men in France, a deputy corresponding to one of our senators, who, when the War broke out, petitioned for his resignation with the request that he be made a prefect at the front. He has kept the morale of that department, although about two-thirds of its territory has been lost, in wonderful condition. We have been merely helping him in his children’s work. - We have now, outside of Toul, which has since then become one of our big cen- ters—American Army centers—a hospital of 200 beds for women and children. When the bombardment of Nancy began, evacuated a maternity hospital there and had a delivery in one hour after we es- tablished our hospital in Toul. - Work Under the French Another type of work is that which Dr. Armand-Delille and Dr. Gelston have been interested in. With the co-operation and under the wing of the French Government, we have had charge of all the children that come through Evian. Dr. Gelston has ex- amined over 28,000 children in six months. We have there a hospital of 200 beds. They said we should not need more than Seventy beds. In a week all seventy beds were filled and we had to rush our capacity to 200. During the time repatries are com- ing back that hospital is always filled. It has been one of the sieves that has kept contagion from getting into France. It has been one of the biggest pleasures we have had in working side by side and under the direction of the French. Few Physicians for Civilians When we got the repatrie problem along the war zone in hand, we went into the problem in the big cities. There it is Something like this: in America there is one physician to every 500 people; in France there is but one pnysician to 5,000 people, and I know of communities where there is but one to 20,000 people. - In the cities it is, every day, hard work, with nothing spectacular to it. The doc- tors are busy in dispensaries, in hospitals, in traveling dispensaries. We are doing all sorts of work. We are aiding different French societies—several hundred of them— to whom we are giving financial aid. One of the biggest sections of our work has to do with direct aid to these French organi- zations. -- - -- . We Babies in France Unusually Precious The first of the year, in cooperation with their Public Health Service, in their De- partment of the Interior, and with the Na- tional Infant Mortality Association, and the Red Cross—a sort of triangular associa- tion—we have entered upon an infant mor- tality campaign, not because infant mor- tality is so high in France, but because every baby in France, precious though it has always been, is twice as precious now as in normal time. The birth rate has fallen, as it has in each of the belligerent . countries, and has fallen tremendously in France. The death rate is somewhere be- tween 80,000 and 100,000 a year. Our cry is that we want to save at least 50,000 this year. That is the thing we are trying to do. - - The infant mortality work has three or four phases. One is directly through our centers where the public comes for pre- ventive work. France was the first coun- try that started preventive work for in- fants, and has the best organization where the doctor meets the mother and child. But there is no organization for home visiting, and we are assisting to create schools to train women in the home-visiting work, taking the best type of women with the training they have had and giving them tuberculosis, children's work, and practi- cal home visiting courses. We have foun schools at the present time of that type, at Paris, Lyon, Bordeaux and Marseille— all four in connection with the tuberculosis: work of the Red Cross and the Rockefeller- Foundation. " Lyon Surpasses Philadelphia Two months ago we started an educa- tional campaign with a traveling automo- bile—simply a Ford car with a good infant welfare exhibit. The first town we opened in was Chartres and the success there and the general interest and the Questions asked and requests for permanent work were im- mense. We immediately started work and organized the most successful infant welfare exhibits I have ever seen. The best Amer- ican record was one in Philadelphia, in 1912, when a nine-day baby show was visited by 67,000 people. In Lyon our infant welfare exhibit was visited by 71,955 in the same first nine days. We had at that exhibit 2 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN much more than at any infant welfare ex- hibit in this country. We had kindergarten work, recreational, playground, food ex- hibits, moving pictures, lantern slides, demonstrators washing babies. That is the type of work we are doing. - On August 11th we had eleven in ou Bureau. When I left, we had 400 in the Bureau. We started in one room the size of this and when I left we were occupying one whole floor of a rather large building. That is our Paris office. We have an office in Marseille and another in Bordeaux, growing very rapidly. Spirit of the French The best thing we are doing, the biggest we are doing, comes through that intangible contact with the spirit of the French, that opportunity which gives us a closer and bet- ter understanding of their fine spirit. The more one works along side the French, get- ting into the home life of the people, the more one realizes how wonderful their spirit is. Our coming in, our co-operation, our giving with them has been not the type of thing you often find. It is ennobling. We feel we are working not for somebody’s else children, but as though we were working for our own children—for those who repre- sent the same things in humanity as our own children represent, the same type of home ties, life and purposes. So I feel any- thing we can do and everything you can do in making people feel here that the things we are trying to assist the French in doing are exactly as though we were do- ing it for our own. - Trying to Win This Fight How does it affect the soldier in the trenches, this women and children's work— for what we are really trying to do is to win this. fight. It has a very definite effect. We try to get into touch with the father of every child we take care of. We let him know everything we are doing. He sees us. For instance, at the Lyon exhibit, we had a poilu come in. We saw him ex- amining the food exhibit and writing down the food best suited for a child between the age of four and five years. Our demon- strator was interested and upon question- ing him found he had come to the exhibit through all the rain to see if there was any- thing there of any use to him. He had seen the food exhibit and was writing it down. when the war started, he said, he had seven children and now he had but three left. He said the four who died probably died through lack of proper feeding and he was writing down the proper food to save his wife the trouble, for he intended to bring bis wife to see the exhibit when it had ceased raining. Three days later when the weather had cleared up he came with his wife and three children. We have teachers take their classes around and show them the work we are doing. In this way we are getting into closer contact and nearer the inner life of the French. It is not with a feeling of giving but it is with a feeling of the deepest gratitude and greatest fellowship that I feel that I have had this greatest privilege in my life of being over there representing you. To Continue Sanitary Work at Vari- ous Camps War Council Has Appropriated $17,000 The Red Cross War Council has just ap- propriated the sum of $7,500 for the further maintenance of Sanitary Unit No. 13, lo- cated at Greenville, S. C., the establishment of which was provided for by an appro- priation of $9,000 in September, 1917. The civil district in which sanitary control is maintained for the protection of military forces at Camp Sevier, includes the city of Greenville and a portion of rural territory in Greenville county surrounding the boun- daries of the camp. The problem of malaria control in this area is not difficult, but the presence of numerous shallow wells and other unsanitary conditions demand con- stant supervision. An additional appropriation of $5,000 has been made for the maintenance of Sanitary Unit No. 21, at Waco, Texas. The civil district over which it is necessary to main- tain sanitary control here comprises the City of Waco and an area seven miles in radius surrounding Camp McArthur. To this has been added the district surround- ing the Aero Training Camp at Richfield and the Artillery Range located about twenty miles north of Waco. A third appropriation of $4,500 was made to cover the maintenance of Sanitary Unit No. 20 at Charlotte, North Carolina, for a further period of six months. 1,000,000 Cigarettes for Front Line -: Italian Soldiers One hundred thousand packages, each con- taining 10 cigarettes, will soon be shipped to Italy for distribution among the front line soldiers, in answer to an urgent cable re- ceived at National Headquarters from Col. Perkins, head of the A. R. C. Commission to Italy. Col. Perkins stated that tobacco was becoming increasingly difficult to obtain, not only in Italy, but in all of the allied coun- tries, while at the same time there was nothing that the soldiers appreciated more. several months. Bureau to Look After the Comfort and Recreation of the A.R.C. Nurses in France Comprehensive plans for caring and pro- viding for American War nurses in France have been adopted by the American Red Cross, and word has just been received at National Headquarters showing that Maj. James H. Perkins, Red Cross Commissioner to France, has initiated a reorganization of his staff of workers in accordance with them. - A Bureau of Hospital Service, with Miss Ruth Morgan in charge, has been created by Maj. Perkins. It will concern itself only with nurses and nurses’ aids who are at- tached to the American Expeditionary Force in France, or doing work among the French civilian population. The bureau will provide for nurses’ holidays, their recrea- tion, convalescent care, hotel and club ac- commodation, equipment, etc. The need of such organized work has been apparent for The bureau has been granted a separate budget and has power to requisition supplies. Miss Julia C. Stimson is the newly ap- pointed chief nurse of the American Red Cross in France, being assigned to this position by the Surgeon-General of the American Expeditionary Force. She will be the Red Cross connection with the Army Nurse Corps of the American forces abroad, and will be in charge of enrollment, assign- ment, and direction of Red Cross nurses. She will report directly to the Bureau of Nursing at National Headquarters in this city. For Premiums on Life and Accident Insurance: $275,000 In order to cover the deposit premiums on life and accident insurance of the Red Cross workers abroad up to July 1, 1918, the War Council has authorized the Direc- tor of the Bureau of Insurance to expend up to $275,000. It is estimated that there will be be- tween 3,000 and 3,500 workers abroad by July 1, 1918. The total premium for each worker is estimated at $77,75. This com- prises $52,85 for the group insurance and $25 for the additional life insurance. The Bureau ºf Reconstruction and Relief reports that as a result of a grant of 1,000 meters of cloth by the Bureau to the Village Reconstitué, Noyon, 350 women have been employed in nine villages making garments. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 3 THE AMERICAN RED CR Oss NATIONAL, HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. . National Officers WooDRow WILSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President RoBERT W. DE FoREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAFT ... Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager é º e º gº & 4 e º e Red cross War Council sy APPoinTMENT of THE PRESIDENT of THE UNITED STATES HENRY P Davison GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFT ELIOT WADsworth The Second $100,000,000 The American Red Cross begins, today, the drive for its second hundred million dollars. The stage is set. All the prelim- inary work has been done. Success or failure in this campaign de- pends upon the ability of the Red Cross. worker to make the individual citizen recog- nize the value of the American Red Cross to our Army and our Navy and their de- pendents; to the armies of our Allies and Our Allies’ dependents. U.S. Ambassador to England is Sure of Success of Drive for $100,000,000 Walter H. Page, U. S. Ambassador to England, sent the following cablegram from the Embassy of the United States of Ameri- ca, in London, under date of May 14th, fo H. P. Davison, Chairman of the War Coun- cil: . - . Dear Mr. Davison: I wish to take ad- vantage of your visit in London to place on record my congratulations on the admira- ble work of the American Red Cross. The formation of the London chapter rallied all Americans resident in this Kingdom and the work here has greatly expanded and has been wisely and enthusiastically carried out. As you know the most cordial relations have been established with the British Red Cross. We all have the greatest pride, and rightly so, in the American Red Cross hos- pitals and in all the various activities un- der this organization. energy plays no small part in the un- bounded service demanded of all and so willingly given in these times and goes a long way in cementing mutual understand- Its well directed ing between the peoples of the United States and the British Empire. With heartiest wishes for every possible success in the forthcoming drive to which I am certain our people will gladly and gen- erously respond, . Yours very sincerely, (Signed) WALTER H. PAGE. Premier Orlando and Mayor of Rome Set High Seal of Ap- proval on Our Work That the work of the A. R. C. in Italy has not only met with the approval of the Italian people, but with the approval of the Italian Government as well, this cablegram from Premier Orlando to Col. Robert Perkins, head of the A. R. C. mission to Italy, makes plain. Prince Colonna, Mayor of Rome, adds the weight of his testimony to the 8ame end: I learn with lively satisfaction of resolu- tion in which Presidential Council has ex- pressed its official appreciation of valuable work carried on by American Red Cross. This action of the Committee authoritatively interprets this Nation’s sentiment and is a well-deserved recognition of the highly ef- fective, intelligent help that, with true spirit of unity and brotherhood, has been ren- dered in Italy by this splendid institution of great ally. (Signed) ORLANDo. The resolution to which the Premier re- fers is expressed in the following letter from Prince Colonna, Mayor of Rome, to Col. Perkins: “The Communal Council of Rome, in its meeting of April 29th last, has placed on the records with deepest satisfaction report of committee of civil Organization which, in order to interpret gratitude of our people, expressed, officially, appreciation of splen- did, meritorious work of American Red Cross which you so worthily represent in Italy. Communal Council, filled with admi- ration for generous organization of Ameri- can Red Cross, gave voice to desire that new ties of fraternal unity inspired by a noble purpose would join our Nation indissolu- bly with great American Nation and thus confirm welcome in Camp Idoglio, where With an acclaim that came from heart, you Were received. “Today, as on that day, I am happy to be interpreter of sentiments of the civic representatives and, in approving fully ac- tion of committee of civil Organization, I wish to express to you how much Rome ap- preciates great work of mercy which Amer- ican Red Cross is doing for common end and through which, on this side of ocean and other side of ocean, arms, minds and hospitals. hearts are united with radiant vision of cer- tain victory. Accept assurance of my high- est esteem. (Signed) MAYOR of Rom E, PROSPERo Colon NA.” New Red Cross Institute for Our Blind Soldiers and Sailors The War Council has appropriated the sum of $100,000 to be expended by the De- partment of Military Relief in defraying all expenses incident to the establishment and maintenance of the Red Cross Insti- tute for Re-educating the Blind Soldiers. The work of the Institute will be carried out in close co-operation with the general plans of the Army and Navy for the re- habilitation of blind soldiers and sailors. Major James Bordley, of the U. S. Army, will be in charge, assisted by a supervisory committee appointed by the Department of Military Relief of the Red Cross. The Institute will be run in conjunction with General Hospital No. 7 in Balti- more, Md. An Official Tribute from the Ameri- can Ambassador to Work of the A.R.C. in Italy Thomas N elson Page, United States Am- bassador to Italy, sent the following cable- gram to the State Department, under date of May 14th, in which he testified not only to the work done by the American Red' Cross in Italy, but to the spirit in which it had been done: . * The American people are entitled to know the results of my observation of work of American Red cross in Italy. I have watched their work during past year with keen interest and have been delighted with it. The Red Cross has brought practical aid to the armies, to the refugees, to the children and to the suffer- ing soldiers’ families in Italy; but above all things else has been the spirit in which the work has been done. The money spent and the supplies dis- tributed have been useful beyond estimate, but the spirit in which the Red Cross has done the work has seemed to me an inter- pretation to Italy of America as she really it. I believe the work of greatest import- ance both in the present and future in draw- ing our two peoples closely together. Two new motion picture machines have been installed by the Red Cross at the base This makes a total of twelve machines that the Bureau of Recreation and Welfare has sent to American hospitals. Pictures are shown in most of the hospitals three times a week. 4 THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN Activities of the A.R.C. During Day and Night Operations of Big Drive The Paris Bulletin of the American Red Cross gives the following account of the evacuation of the Red Cross Army, with its personnel and dependents, from the zone at- tacked by the Germans at the beginning of von Hindenburg's drive, and of the relief work carried on under the succeeding peril- ous conditions: While the Great Battle was in progress, the Red Cross army evacuated without casualties the district recently overrun by the Germans. Though a very small army compared to the fighting forces, it had a double duty: to bring back its own per- sonnel and the personnel of all affiliated relief organizations and to do everything in its power to aid the refugees. The Somme bends sharply northward to- ward Peronne from Ham. The district in the bend from Ham to Croix-Molignaux was the most advanced district occupied by Red Cross Workers. At Croix-Molignaux there was a Red Cross reconstruction camp. At Ham there was a warehouse and relief staff. These two units moved back on Nesle. Meanwhile from Paris Major Per- kins sent up reserves and supplies. A Red Cross worker coming in or going out re- ported to the control under Hay Walker. In this way an account was kept of all persons and material entering the battle zone or leaving it. - Supplies Destroyed at Ham The general plan centered on the two points of protecting the personnel and keep- ing the transport connections intact. Carl Taylor, Controller General, was sent to Compiegne to establish headquarters and while this work went on in the rear the evacuation continued in orderly fashion from the advanced zone. The British were given as much of the supplies in the Ham store- house as they could take and told us they would destroy the warehouse before leaving, which they did. At Nesle the Red Cross had a small baby hospital and warehouse. This evacuated to Roye while the Smith College Relief Unit of the American Red Cross moved from Grecourt on Roye. As they departed, they did everything possible for the refugees and the Red Cross cars kept moving back and forth between Nesle and Roye up to the very last. In fact the last civilians to leave Nesle came out in a Red Cross car. At Roye a halt was made and work for the refugees was inaugurated and when the Red Cross workers evacuated Roye the complete secondary line had been organized, stretching from Amiens on the northwest to Soissons on the southeast. The reserves from Paris had reached this line. E. E. Hunt, acting as emergency field com- mander, traversed the line from end to end daily and kept the communications uninter- rupted. * William Patten, head of Military Affairs, went from Paris to take charge of the Sois- sons district and H. C. Greene, staying to the last in the Noyon district, moved over to join Carl Taylor at Compiegne. The Daly Unit drew back to Compiegne and immedi- ately took up the work of establishing an emergency canteen at the station where in one day they fed five thousand men. Smith College Unit The next three places to be evacuated were Mondidier, where Smith College Unit and Mrs. Goodale did splendid work in pro- viding food and sleeping quarters for the refugees. There was a warehouse and re- lief staff at Noyon, also the Philadelphia Emergency Aid at Vilquier-Aumont to the eastward. From these points withdrawals were made to the final line beginning at Beauvais going east to Clermont, Com- piegne, Vic-Sur-Aisne and Soissons, the axle on which the whole withdrawing movement turned. Continuous relief of refugees con- tinued throughout the movement. The work was organized but had the necessary flex- ibility for meeting emergency developments. When the influx of refugees ceased in Com- piegne, the Red Cross workers turned round and sent camions up to Annel with supplies and gave them to worn out and wounded soldiers and casuals who had wandered back to this spot to find their organization. Workers have shown courage and tireless effort. They report great assistance given by army camions whenever possible. All relief organizations and all army authorities have shown the same fine spirit of helpful- ness. A. R. C. drivers have distinguished themselves anew by courage and tireless service night and day. Everyone is ready to go back at the first chance. In fact, at the beginning of the work Major Perkins through his aides was building up a new field organization, and a chain of “Aide Im- mediate” stations from Amiens to Com- piegne was being established. At Paris Stations Action was simultaneous in all the field departments of the organization. Camions were filled with food and clothing and bed- ding and dispatched to meet the refugees as they flowed back from the threatened zone. At the railway stations in Paris, toward which the human stream was converging, service might be required. from wounds and illness. surgeons, nurses and food and medical sup- plies were collected because, before the at- tack was many hours old, the distraught townspeople and villagers began to pour into the French capital at the rate of 5,000 'a day. And it was not only the task of feeding and lodging them until they could be dispatched either to waiting relatives or to less crowded cities which confronted the Red Cross. There were such emergencies as the birth of a baby in the confusion, and the care of a tiny infant which had either been forgotten or hysterically abandoned by its mother. Tons of Food But even such happenings as these were encountered and dealt with promptly and efficiently. And in the cantines at the Gare du Nord, the Gare de l’Est, the Gare de Lyon, the Gare Montparnasse and the Gare: d’Austerlitz, the refugees were given food and shelter during their temporary deten- tion in Paris. More than sixty tons of food supplies and bedding were rushed from Red Cross warehouses in Paris to care for the refugees in the city and no less than fifteen additional tons were shipped at top speed by camions to the evacuating areas as a first aid to the unfortunate there. Day and night, since the German drive was begun, Red Cross departments and their workers have been ceaselessly at their tasks. The capacity of two of its Paris hospitals has been increased from 45 to 128 beds in one instance, from 41 to 77 in the other and there was enrolled än emergency corps of physicians and nurses for whatever Within the space of three hours all the instruments and accessories for a 1000-bed evacuation hos- - pital were assembled and hastened to the front as a precautionary measure, the whole available for instant use by any of the military medical forces in the field. “ The American Red Cross camions also helped to clear out a number of hospitals near the front in which there were a large number of American soldiers recovering Several of these hospitals had been bombarded from the air and the patients were taken down into the cellars and there waited for the American camions to conduct them to the rear. The Red Cross has given and will give a comfort kit to every American soldier going into the trenches. These kits will contain a towel, shirt, writing paper and pencil, Soap, handkerchief, socks, mirror, and to- bacco. These articles are much appreciated by the men as they add much to their com- fort in the front line. THE RED CROSS BULLETIN garded as normal simply. called to his doings—or givings. man has not much it is another case of the Dakota and Montana. ~ * awał yº wº Vol. II ... ºf * AME s a * yv , º, . - . .” **** *: MAY 27, 1918 ... --" RICAN RED CROSS tº, WASHINGTON, D. C. No. 22 Industrial and Agricultural Communities Contribute Largely to the Second War Fund: With Northern Division First Over the Top, Michigan, Peabody, Mass., and City National Bank The second Red Cross drive with a goal of hundred million dollars, as a minimum, has brought several facts into clear relief not the least attractive of which is the Sur- prisingly large number of contributions in industrial and agricultural sections. Of course there were a great many large in- dividual contributions,—but they are re- If a man has he is expected to give, and when he has the reputation of possession attention is When a widow’s mite, with the discovery of his generosity. : In this drive there was a great effort to be first over the top. This was true of all kinds of geographical divisions: towns, cities, counties and states. There was only one way in which National Headquarters might decide to whom it might award a palm, and that was dependent upon the time of receipt of the telegram of “announcement.” First come, first prize, regardless of the hour of sending. Northern Division First The Northern Division was the first Divi- sion to pass its quota. This Division is made up of Minnesota, North and South It had well over- subscribed its allotted $2,200,000 on Tues- day, May 21st, and was still going ahead fast. - - Among the states Michigan was the first to obtain its quota with South Dakota a close second. - A great number of Chapters, in a per- fectly laudable desire to be first “over the top” filed their telegrams at one minute after twelve o’clock Monday morning. No particular section of the country could claim a monoply here although the habit seemed strongest in the division. . * Peabody, Massachusetts, with a large foreign population was the first town to pass its quota of $20,000. This was the southwestern second telegram received at National Head- quarters. - - - The first message to be received came, curiously enough, from Hawaii. Before a word had been received from any Chapter or county in continental United States this cablegram was received from Governor Pinkham: - “Hawaii has oversubscribed its assigned quota of $250,000. Figures not complete but probably $350,000 and more coming.” National City Bank The National City Bank, with a contribu- tion of $250,000,—which represented one per cent of its capital stock,--was the first bank to make its contribution after the passage of the law by Congress Monday night making such contributions legal. From the first hour of the big campaign it developed into a vigorous race with full speed ahead as the rule and not the excep- tion. The American Red Cross had been given something more than $100,000,000 when the recently appointed War Council, untried and in its infancy, had made its first call for funds a year ago. In its ex- penditure of this great sum any idea that the developed organization might fail to measure up to the demands put upon it had been dissipated. - In May a year ago the membership of the organization was in the hundreds of thou- sands—last week it was nearly 22,000,000. With our soldiers and sailors fighting on sea and land--as well as training in this coun- try; with the seas dotted with transports carrying fathers, sons and brothers of Red Cross men and women to battle—every loyal citizen.of the United States gave what he could to the War Fund that the possible suffering of a relative or countryman might be relieved as much as it could be relieved. All the Red Cross membership asked was the opportunity to give to a competent and sympathetic organization that had shown it- self able to grasp its opportunities and had vindicated the reason for its existence. Thus one small county in Texas in the early hours of Monday telegraphed that it had exceeded its quota of $10,000 by $1,000, from 28,042 subscribers—or less than 40 cents a subscriber on the average. This telegram was received from Orange, Texas: w . “I take pleasure in notifying you that the Red Cross quota for Orange, Texas, has been subscribed two hundred per cent. Government shipbuilders on the yard of Southern Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co. have donated one day’s wages each month for duration of the war. Please let me know if we are not the first to double quota.” Michigan reported that Saturday, May 18th, was the biggest day in the State's history with a particularly notable demon- stration in Detroit. This presaged its vic- tory as the first state over the line. Iowa wired that a mighty Red Cross spirit per- vaded its length and breadth. As one tele- gram emphasized: “the Hun Kaiser can not defeat our boys over there with such back- ing from our working men at home.” Michigan Honor State Where every division did so well it might seem invidious to attempt to particularize. As has been said Michigan was the first state “over the top.” South Dakota, the Second state, made its announcement in the following model telegram sent by the Vice Chairman of the State Board. It was dated May 20th: . “With every village and townsip under perfect organization drive for second war fund was begun this morning at eight o'clock in every community in South Da- kota. At six o'clock tonight the state cam- paign is concluded with a subscription of one hundred and seventy per cent of our allotment. Ninety per cent of subscription is in cash immediately available. No saving stamps or liberty bonds. Approximately two hundred and ten thousand contributors. Are we the first state to go over the top?” 2 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Some Of the Many Messages Received at National Head- Quarters On Appeal to Nation for Second $100,000,000 On his return from Europe, Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, authorized the follow- ing statement: I arrived in Europe early in March, hav- ing gone there primarily for the purpose of inspecting arrangements made by the Amer- ican Red Cross to take care of American boys abroad, and also to inquire in what way the work of the Red Cross Commis- sion in different parts of Europe might be strengthened in caring for our own soldiers and those of our Allies, and also in taking a message of practical sympathy and help to the civilian populations, especially of France and Italy. This war is still in a very serious stage, and the demands upon our people for sac- rifice and support of it are greater than ever before. There is no occasion for any- thing but confidence, but that confidence must be based upon determined effort and willingness on the part of every man and woman to do his part. Our Boys’ Dash and Bravery" Our boys, as they arrive in France, are showing the most wonderful spirit. They go into action with a dash and bravery which is the talk of all Europe. But the price which will have to be paid for victory will be very heavy, and it will be sometime before our boys can become as effective as they must be to help France, England, Italy and Belgium with the victory which must be won. The outstanding feature of German method at the present time is the effort to terrorize the women, children and old men at home. While the German troops are making their drive on the front, airplanes are bombing, nearly every night, towns be- hind the lines, with the deliberate and de- clared purpose of terrorizing civilians. The purpose of the fight behind the line is to break down the morale of the civilian population to such a point that they will importune their Governments for peace. It is the most dastardly, unrighteous, cruel, devilish plan which could be conceived. It is based upon the theory that the killing of four children out of five will induce the mother to implore her Government to have the war stopped that her fifth child may live. It is carried on from the English Channel to the Swiss border and from the Swiss border to the Adriatic, and has re- sulted in the murder and maiming of thou- sands of women and children and the driv- ing of hundreds of thousands of terror- stricken from their homes to wherever they might seek refuge. Aims at People’s Nerves I was in Paris many of the days on which the long range gun was bombarding the city. That gun does comparatively little direct damage and is wholly intended to get on the nerves of the people at home. All of this is accompanied by the most active possible propaganda, especially in Italy, designed to deceive the people and to strike down their morale. As a promi- nent Italian officer said to me, “The diapason of the home is the diapason of the army at the front.” The civilian at home must stand firmly behind the army. One of the great missions of the Red Cross, therefore, has been to attempt to up- hold the morale of the people at home. We have workers all over Italy and France carrying a message of comfort and cheer, helping especially to care for the refugees driven away from their homes, to care for the children, and to provide for the sick and needy, particularly among the families of soldiers. t In France, we are carrying on direct work in 121 cities and towns, fifty-eight out of the total 82 “Departments” or counties of the Republic being covered by Amer- ican Red Cross activities. In Italy, we conduct direct activities in 45 cities and towns and we extend relief in 218 other places. Among Belgians refugees in France our work is on a similar scale. 100,000 Children These activities include, the conduct of refugee homes, tuberculosis hospitals, pro- vision of food and clothing, “scolaires” for the children—(we are helping to care for nearly 100,000 children in Europe today)— the organization of work rooms where refu- gees may carry on their ordinary occupa- tions. We supply milk for babies and con- valescents, conduct dispensaries and chil- dren's day nurseries—in fact, do everything which could bring relief to people dis- tressed and afflicted as these are. We are helping to house more than 3,000 persons in Paris and have placed a fund of over $1,000,000 at the disposal of Gen- eral Petain and other French generals to care for the sick and disabled French sol- diers and their needy families. We have given medical examination to nearly 40,000 French children driven to |France by Germans from occupied terri- tory. This did much to prevent epidemics in France. We are also supplying a sup- plementary ration of food to 30,000 school children in Paris. The gratitude the people feel for what the American people are doing through the Red Cross is beyond description. When we were in Bologna, Italy, the schools of the city were dismissed and, as we walked out of the railway station, the scholars threw flowers on the ground that we might walk upon them. Everywhere we went the American flag and the fact that we were Americans brought forth cheers that were far from perfunctory. Look to Us The way these people of our allies hold out their hands and look to America as the land of hope and promise, and as the great fact that makes certain that German might shall not prevail, is most stirring. “America” is today a rainbow toward which Western Europe, from the north of Scot- land to the south of Italy, looks as the sign of comfort, hope and victory. Ambassador Page said to me in Rome: “The supreme fact about the work of the Red Cross is the spirit in which its work is being carried on.” Our commissions in Europe headed by Major James H. Perkins in France, and Col. Robert Perkins in Italy, Col. E. F. Bicknell in Belgium, and Major William Endicott in England, are doing a perfectly beautiful as well as effi- cient work. To them the hearts of all America should go out in profound thanks- giving. We have 3,000 American workers through- out the countries of our allies and these workers are succeeding to an extent that would be difficult to describe, not alone in carrying relief to these peoples, who are suffering and enduring for us as well as for themselves, but also in carrying to them consciousness of the finest side of American life. It is all going to constitute, when the war is over, the strongest possible tie to hold the nations together in an enduring peace. I went through the American Army zone, especially to see in what way the Red Cross could reinforce the work of our own army in caring for our own troops. I had conferences with General Pershing, with his chief medical officers, as well as many civilian officers, and men in the army. They told me that the work of our Red Cross was being conducted with wonderful effi- ciency and fidelity to what the American people would want to have done. The Medical Corps of the Army is doing a great work under extremely difficult con- ditions, and it is, and has been our purpose T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN - - 3 to cooperate with them to the utmost. A great deal of our work has to be done without publicity, but the Army and the Officers know all the time that we are there and ready. # Hospital Facilities Enormous The hospital facilities for our army are necessarily enormous, and innumerable emergencies inevitably arise. We have ware- houses throughout France and Italy with an extensive automobile transportation sys- tem, making it possible to place supplies on short notice. Our whole service was sub- jected to extraordinary demands during the recent German drive. In France, we maintain 37 warehouses for the reception and distribution of goods. The daily receipt of merchandise is some- times as much as 100 tons. In one ware- house there are 7,000 tons of provisions. We have upwards of $7,000,000 worth of goods in our warehouses. When these goods are needed their value is above price. Up to the time I left, our Red Cross had either distributed, or held available for immediate distribution, more than 22,000,000 Surgical dressings and bandages. And right here I want to say that throughout Europe, I was impressed with the value and effectiveness of the voluntary work the women of America are doing in their Red Cross rooms. Our women are supplying bandages and surgical dressings in a volume and of a quality that is wonder- ful. I only wish our women could see the need for these bandages as I did. They would then have some definite realization of the magnificent work they are doing. Range of Supplies We are operating a hospital supply sys- tem for 4,361 hospitals in 1509 cities in France. Their needs range from safety pins to complete radiographic installations, and have actually included oxen to plough fields and cows to give milk for use in tuber- culosis hospitals. Since July 1st, 1917, we have supplied hospitals in France with 3,375,000 separate articles. In Italy we are sending supplies to 465 hospitals. We are operating 99 am– bulances along the Italian front, driven by 129 American boys. We are serving both the French and the American soldiers right up behind the lines with rolling canteens, and also providing rest stations and canteens at railroad sta- tions. The soldiers tell us that the food and hot drinks that we bring them are of enormous comfort, but above all else is the satisfaction they have of feeling that some- one is there who is not compelled to be there, to give them a helping hand-some- one representing Home. In fourteen rolling canteens at the French front 3,240,000 hot drinks have been served to French soldiers. . At eleven canteens on the French lines of communication we have Supplied 3,913,000 meals. In 14 canteens in the Paris district in France we have sup- plied 4,251,277 soldiers with food and drink. Our activities among the soldiers at the front in Italy are on a corresponding scale. We have established a factory to make artificial limbs according to the best Amer- can practice and have distributed more than 1,000 artificial legs and arms to mutilated French soldiers. Five splint factories are operating under our supervision, making 15,000 splints and accessories a month for the United States army hospitals and sup- ply depots. Searches for Soldiers Our Home Communication Service has just been fully organized. It searches for American soldiers in all the hospitals, writes letters for them, and to any man, sick or well, offers home help in whatever form it may be needed. - This service also searches for missing men, and locates prisoners. It marks the graves of the soldiers who die. This service acts as the line of communication between the American boys in France and the fam- ilies and friends at home. It helps them to get information about each other. The American Red Cross is itself oper- ating 13 hospitals in France, two in Italy and five in England. We are also operat- ing a large number of dispensaries in France, England and among the Belgians. In addition to all these activities, we have made liberal donations to the wonder- ful work which is being done by the British Red Cross, French Red Cross, and Italian Red Cross, as well as by the smaller but splendid work of the Belgian Red Cross. Our activities extend from Scotland to Sicily, and a very large part of the work is being done by American volunteers. We also have important work still going on among the refugees in Macedonia; and I am proud to say that the American Red Cross representative in Russia, Mr. Raymond Robins, is still there, commanding, I am told, the support and confidence of every class of opinion in that afflicted country. This war is on such an enormous scale that no one can grasp it as a whole or even any important aspect of it, such as the work of the Red Cross, or the Y. M. C. A. And right here I want to pay tribute to the magnificent work which is being done by the Y. M. C. A. in France in providing whole- some recreation for our men. No Man Can Grasp It And just as no man can see or grasp the whole work of the Red Cross in Europe, so no man can describe it. But this I know —the American people through the Red Cross are doing a work in Europe for which we have every reason to be pro- foundly grateful—and the credit belongs to everyone engaged in the work. - On the eve of our War Fund Drive next week, I would like to say that I have no question whatever that the American people will contribute the money which is neces- sary to carry on the work of the American Red Cross. Not alone is the amount con- tributed of great importance; but of even greater importance is the spirit in which it is given, and the number of their con- tributors. - The people in Europe were simply as- tounded at the news of the American Red Cross having attained a membership of 22,000,000 adults. We shall need money, and we shall need workers, more and more; and we need always to let it be known to our own soldiers and the soldiers of Our Allies and the people behind their lines over in the war zone itself, that the American people are with them heart and soul. The King of Italy sent this cablegram to the President of the American Red Cross. President Wilson is also President of the Red Cross: The humanitarian work which is con- ducted by the American Red Cross under your direction among our people has won the praise of the entire Italian nation. In caring for the wounded at the front and in alleviating the suffering of the civilian population who have been compelled to abandon their homes by the invasion of the enemy, the American Red Cross has gained undying gratitude and has strengthened the unbreakable ties of fraternal friendship be- tweeen our two countries. In expressing to you these sincere senti- ments of the army, the Italian people, and my own personal sentiments, I take pleasure in sending you, Mr. President, my most cordial greeting. - (Signed) VITTORIo EMANUELE. The following is the teat letter from Prime Minister Lloyd George to Ambassador Page: •. 10 Downing St., Whitehall S W I May 21st, 1918. My dear Ambassador: I feel sure that I am only echoing the thought of many in this country in writing you a word of grateful appreciation of what 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN the American Red Cross has done in this war. Not only has it made a most munifi- cent donation to the funds of our own Red Cross, but it was one of the first American organizations to begin to serve humanity in this war. The work it has done not only in succoring the wounded but in sheltering and saving women and children in all the countries stricken by the war is beyond all computation. From the moment of the massacre of Servia its work has grown like the mustard seed until it is now one of the great humane institutions in the world. In now extending its operation to cover the new responsibilities which will fall upon it through the active participation of the American Army in the war I wish it all possible success. I am sure that the re- sources of mercy and generosity will prove inexhaustible. I am. my dear Ambassador, Yours sincerely, - (Signed) D. LLoyd GEORGE. General Foch, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies on the Western Front, has authorized the following statement: America has come into the war with the Allies. She has generously brought the aid of her army, of her resources, of all her industrial and commercial power. These are sure pledges of victory. But she had already done still more by her beneficence. The American Red Cross has from the beginning of the war rendered great services to our country, whose people and whose property have suffered so much. Her active and fruitful work has dressed many wounds. Her discreet activity has been felt in the two great spheres of suf- fering. - - - France will keep the never-to-be-forgotten memory of the impulse which has brought Americans to the bedside of her wounded. The following cablegram from Vice-Ad- miral William S. Sims, commanding the United States Naval Forces operating in European waters, has been received at the headquarters of the American Red Cross: At the end of the first year of our par- ticipation in the war, I desire to add my praise and thanks to the American Red Cross for its continuous and efficient work in its duty dedicated to the immediate re- lief of distress. It has never failed; has al- ways contrived to produce personnel and material in response to any call, however great or unexpected it may have been. Dur- ing the year it has added brilliant pages to its glorious history. I am sure all the American Naval Forces in Europe extend the very best wishes to the American Red Cross in our second year of war, and we hope it will continue to be able to stretch out the helping hand and always be among the first to aid. A cablegram from Major General John Biddle, of the National Army, sent from London to the American Red Cross, says: I am glad of this opportunity to add my meed of warm appreciation of the work of the American Red Cross. It is a credit to the American people. Primarily, of course, the mission of the Red Cross is the care and welfare of the soldier, both in the field and in hospital. This important work has been, and is being carried on in a most gratifying and thorough manner, and in closest cooperation with the Army. In England, as well as in France, the work of the Red Cross deserves the highest praise. I am sure I echo the wish of the whole rank and file of the American Army in Turope, and indeed every American, in ex- pressing the hope that the present campaign at home will meet with the support it so well deserves. Newton, D. Baker, Secretary of War, made this statement: Every battle-field of France speaks elo- quent testimony of the merciful work of the Red Cross. If the voice of the Ameri- can Expeditionary Force could be heard, there would be no doubt concerning the re- sponses of the United States in the Second War Fund Campaign. The terrors of bat- tles are decreased and the horrors it en- tails are minimized by this greatest of re- lief agencies. No support which the Ameri- can people give to it will be misconceived or misdirected. - Sir Arthur Stanley, chairman of the British Red Cross, through Lord Reading, the British Ambassador to the United States, sent this message: The British Red Cross Society, on the occasion of your Red Cross drive, cordially wishes you success in your great appeal. Your splendid work speaks for itself in every war zone, and your civilian relief work has brought fresh heart to those of our 'Allies whose countries have suffered so severely from the devastation of war. Good luck and Godspeed, and may your fresh efforts beat even the wonderful record that you yourselves achieved last year. James Cardinal Gibbons sent this mes- Sage: I regard the American Red Cross a most way you may desire. Governors of States will Auction White House Wool Clip for President’s Fund. The White House clip of wool, some ninety odd pounds,-sheared from the White House sheep will, following the sug- gestion of President and Mrs. Wilson, be divided into portions and one portion sent to each state to be auctioned off for the benefit of the Red Cross War Fund. The amount secured will be known as the President’s Fund. Governors of the States will receive the mail and telegraphic bids for this wool during the week. The following telegram has been sent to the Governor of each State by H. P. Davi- son, Chairman of the War Council, and in condensed form it has been sent by cable to the Governors of Porto Rico, Hawaii, the Philippines and Alaska: “President and Mrs. Wilson have pre- sented to the American Red Cross, the shearing from the White House sheep with the request that this wool be auctioned in each state during the Red Cross War Fund campaign week for the benefit of the fund. They have suggested that we ask you as Governor to receive mail and telegraphic bids from your entire state during this week. Each state will receive approximately two pounds of wool, to be known as White House wool. “In order to stimulate activity in the bid- ding you will please arrange for the publi- cation in your state papers each morning of the bids received during the preceding day with the names of the bidders. We are ask- ing the chairman of the Red Cross Chapter in your capital city to place the local Red Cross organization at your service in any Wool will be sent special delivery and we hope will arrive be- fore the close of campaign. The total amount Secured from all states will be turned into the war fund as the President’s Fund.” - The Governors have promised enthusias- tic cooperation. - important agency of the Government in the present trial. Here at home and abroad this Association is doing magnificent work, ministering to humanity’s needs. The American people will not fail to rally to this splendid cause. Now that practically all the troops in General Pershing's command have been brigaded with British and French regi- ments, it is likely that the wounded will be kept together. - * - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 5 THE AM ERICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President RoBERT W. DE FoREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKToN AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADsworth . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager & e gº ſº * * * 4 s + Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAVISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH can not be.” At the Drive’s End The second war fund drive of the Ameri- can Red Cross is in its closing hours as this issue of THE BULLETIN comes from the press. It is too early to give even approxi- mate figures of the financial result of the week's campaign; but it is not too early to record salient features of accomplishment during the subscription period. As these lines are written the outlook for the realization of the original drive aims, on the strength of the reports at hand, is all that could be desired. But the primary war fund objective, while not overshadowed, merely forms the background for a picture that is a living, breathing, thrilling, soul- inspiring spectacle to the eyes of the whole enlightened world. No monetary appraise- ment can put the value on this Red Cross If it could, it would be the apotheosis of the sordid. The War Fund Drive! That is what it was in its inception, but the magic of a campaign. modern lamp—the lamp of Liberty—human- ized and exalted it; invested it with a Soul and, as through a trumpet’s blast, com- manded the homeless and wretched in other lands to dry their tears and hearken. Out of its soul this humanized exaltation of Lib- erty's magic speaks in a voice that carries across the sea and rises above the cannons’ I’Oa.I’s - “Beholdſ Here is America awake! Take heart, you men and women who are sore- afflicted. Of gold to relieve suffering there is abundance out of our rich stores. Two hundred millions! But this is as nothing, nothing! With inspired vision can you not see the spirit of America behind this pile? Do you not understand what means the light that blazes in that composite face as columns upon columns, miles upon miles of the women of America march grandly through the streets of our cities from ocean to ocean? Can you not see, feel, realize through every sense the aroused spirit of America on every hand? It is the army behind the army. It is unconquerable de- termination personified.” On the other side of a ghastly zone in Europe an emperor hears this same voice and sees the picture. “No, no!” he says, “it But we all know, and all the rest of the world knows that it is not a dream. This free-will offering, this mighty outpouring of patriotic fervor in many forms from women and men, from rich and poor, from native-born sons and daughters and from our adopted children, from those who speak many tongues and from those who worship God in many ways, is a won- derful, throbbing reality. Its meaning is unmistakable. Its spirit has been the American Red Cross drive. How Knowledge of the Sympathy of America is Spread The American Red Cross, ever prodigal in its giving, has ignored no outstretched hand in France. No appeal has been made in vain to its lavish charity, and the refugees that have poured into France by the thou- sand have been the object of its special aid and succor. Recently, to the “Comite Cen- tral des Refugies,” 17 rue Jeanne d'Arc, Rouen, the American Red Cross made a gift of fifteen crates of clothing and toys for the refugee children. In the “Departement des Hautes-Alpes” the American Red Cross has given material assistance to one hundred families affected by the war. - . In the “Departement du Rhone,” the American Red Cross has made a distribution of 100,000 fr. ($20,000) among 1,000 fami- lies suffering under war conditions. —Journal de Rouen, April 24, 1918. Two American officers attached to the Medical Corps of the British Expeditionary Force were among the wounded admitted to a London hospital the other day. A. R. C. Message to Italy on Third Anniversary of Her Entrance in World’s War On the occasion of the third anniversary of the entrance of Italy in this world war, May 24th, the American Red Cross, through Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, sent this message of appreciation and confidence to Premier Orlando: - On this third anniversary of Italy’s entry into the war for human liberty, the Ameri- can Red Cross is moved anew to express its admiration for the indomitable courage and fortitude of the Italian people under con- ditions that put the souls of nations to the supreme test. The American spirit and the American sympathy which are reflected in our organization are touched by those quali- ties in your manhood and womanhood which no amount of suffering can weaken. Your people are teaching us enduring lessons through their spirit and inspiring us with fresh determination to help them bear what- ever burden befalls. The American Red Cross also wishes to take this opportunity to acknowledge its sincerest appreciation of the many expres- sions of gratitude for its efforts in relieving suffering, that have been addressed to it by the Italian government and in the name of the Italian people. It has been a privilege indeed, to work hand-in-hand with the Italian agencies whose aims and purposes have been identical with those of the Ameri- can Red Cross and whose cooperation has in every instance been harmonious, whole- hearted and in every way calculated to bring the peoples of our respective countries closer together and cement ties of inter- minable friendship. So long as the world struggle for liberty continues, so long as the distress and suf- fering in the cause of humanity prevail, the people of Italy may be assured that no re- lief within the power of the American Red Cross to extend will be withheld, and no effort spared to assist in maintaining that courage and fortitude which today are the wonder of the civilized world. To the people of Italy the American Red Cross sends through you this message: “Be of good cheer, for the union of hearts and hands of the free peoples of the earth must make their cause tri- umphant.” • , Seven thousand people attended the Lyon Welfare Exhibition of the Red Cross on its opening day. Speeches were made by Mr. Homer Folks and Dr. Palmer Lucas. 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Wounded French Soldiers in Neuilly Hospital Politely, Thank Their American Benefactors Three letters, dated respectively April 23, 23 and 24, 1918, from French soldiers in the American hospital at Neuilly, and passed by the censor, Lieut. George Du Carpi, U. S. Sanitary Corps, National Army, make plain the appreciation of wounded Frenchmen for American assistance. The native politémé88 of the French is in evidence too. Dear Madam: I was deeply touched upon arriving at the American Ambulance, to learn that our ben- efactors contribute to the support of the beds. Not being able to write myself, one of my comrades is doing so for me. Before the war I was a chauffeur; I am married and have a little daughter. Since the beginning of the war, I have fought in the battle of the Marne, the battle of Champagne, Verdun, etc. I was wounded on April 5, 1918, four machine gun balls entering my body and leg. I was taken to the American Ambulance, April 8, 1918, and thanks to the care of the good doctors and nurses my wounds are rapidly being cured. I thank all the benefactors and you, madam, and I beg you will believe in the sincere gratitude of a “blesse francais” (wounded Frenchman). (Signed) ARTHUR BARBARETTI. Monsieur et Madame: Upon arriving at the American Hospital, I noticed above my bed a small plaque of metal. Asking the meaning of this of the nurse, I was told that it bore the name of the giver of the bed in which I have rested so well during my stay in the am- bulance. Monsieur et Madame, I am not waiting long to send my thanks for the good care that we receive in the American Hospital. I was wounded March 28, along the Oise, by a ball that shattered part of my leg. Accept all my gratitude for the bed and I shall always treasure happy memories of your regard and of the care that has been given me by the nurses of the American Hospital. (Signed) ADRIEN LEQUEUx, 4th Reg. Zouaves. Mesdames: I have been here in American Hospital No. 1 for the last four weeks and I have noticed a small plaque above my bed. Curi- osity prompted me to ask the nurse its meaning. Ladies, I thank you from the bottom of my heart for the dear little bed in which I find myself so happy, in spite of my terrible wounds. I have been at the front since the begin- ning of the war without having been wounded until my regiment, the 56th bat- talion of “Chausseurs a pied” (foot chaus- seurs) was called to support the English at the end of last March (1918). With my com- rades I was sent to the first line where I was wounded on March 29th by a shell which fractured my left leg that has since been amputated at the knee, but I am trying to bear my suffering with courage and resig- nation. With best greetings. (Signed) VANSINscIENE SEVERE, S. 240. Fourteenth Division Going Strong with Eulogies in Shanghai at $100 a Minute From its cable despatches the Four- teenth, or Foreign Division, bids fair to exceed its quota two or three times. Honolulu, which has always had a most powerful Red Cross organization, is already hundreds of thousands of dollars over the mark through its individual gifts from 150,000 people and some 160 corporations. The Canal Zone reports $20,000 in hand, while Tokio expects 50,000 yen. Word from Lima, Peru; San Jose, Costa Rica; Rio Janeiro, San Domingo and Santiago, Chili, all indicate that the drive is moving with great momentum. This cablegram, dated May 21, was re- received from Shanghai, China: “First day drive Shanghai 1,500 Chinese associate members, great enthusiasm. American-Chinese rally. Allied luncheon. American speakers paying hundred dollars a minute eulogizing American Red Cross. Chinese Red Cross Society subscribes liber- ally and again pledges hearty cooperation throughout China. With the statement at the masthead that it is the “First American paper published in Italy,” there has appeared a well-printed and wittily edited publication credited to Section 1, of the Italian Ambulance Sec- tion. The editor himself says that it “is undoubtedly the cleverest and best paper ever published in English by an American Ambulance section in Italy.” For Convalescent American Officers The magnificent chateau Boulard has been rented by the American Red Cross to serve as a convalescent home for high officers of the American Army. —From the “Courrier,” Bayonne, April 25, 1918. Law Passed Permits National Banks to Contribute to A. R. C. During This War The passage by the House of Representa- tives on Monday of a bill making it lawful for national banking associations to con- tribute to the American Red Cross, out of any net profits otherwise available for di- vidends, is thought to have added several million dollars to the war fund which was raised by the Red Cross last week. The bill passed the Senate several weeks ago, and was made a special order in the House for five o’clock Monday afternoon last, so as to make the measure applicable during the week of the war fund drive. Heretofore national bank directors have been prohibited from devoting net profits to any purpose other than dividends, invest- ment, losses or the regular transactions of business. They could not use any portion of them for humane or philanthropic pur- poses. In his last annual report the comp- troller of the currency recommended the amendment of the law so as to permit con- tributions to the Red Cross during the war period, voicing the previously expressed de- sire of many bank directors themselves. New York, New Jersay and Massachu- setts have enacted laws to permit banking and trust companies operating under state charters to contribute to Red Cross war funds. In several states where the banking laws provide that institutions under state charter shall have “the same privileges en- joyed by national banking associations,” the enactment of the federal law enables the directors of all 'the banks and trust com- panies to make contributions to the Ameri- can Red Cross. Red Cross Fire Insurance Policy— $6,000,000 The War Council has appropriated $100,000 to cover the deposit premium on a fire insurance policy of $6,000,000 on all Red Cross property throughout the United States, except that in Chapters, Branches and Auxiliaries. The Insurance Company will accept a de- posit premium of 1% per cent with an agreement to return to the Red Cross, at the expiration of this yearly policy, pre- miums not used for losses, taxes and re- insurance. There is a further agreement to adjust quarterly the amount of insurance to con- form to the values at risk. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 7 A Red Cross Dollar in Furnishing Relief Supplies is Worth - al Normal $1.59, Based on actual experience during the first three months of this year, for each dollar of Red Cross money spent in furnish- ing relief supplies we accomplish the same as $1.59 would accomplish if spent through an efficient commercial organization for the same purpose. This 59 cents which your dollar gains when spent through the Red Cross for relief supplies is made possible: 1st: By the enormous amount of free labor donated by millions of Red Cross workers throughout the country, comprising one of the greatest producing organizations in the world. 2nd: Through the ability of our Pur- chasing Department to secure the aid and cooperation of governmental institutions, both our own and our allies, for obtaining Supplies at less than commercial market values; and also through the great gen- erosity shown to the Red Cross by many manufacturers and merchants in their will- ingness to give us substantial concessions from recognized established market prices. 3rd: Through shipping space furnished without cost by our own and allied govern- ments and by various steamship companies; 4th: Through numerous miscellaneous fa- cilities furnished us without cost for han- dling supplies; such as warehouse and port service, insurance obtained without pay- ment of brokerage fees and similar services. This gain of 59 cents has been figured without taking into consideration the great warehouse and other facilities placed at our disposal by the French, Italian, En- glish and other allied governments; the value of services rendered by the large num- ber of volunteers who without compensation are devoting their entire time to Red Cross work; cables which are sent free of charge . in some instances and at greatly reduced rates in others, and a large number of other factors which, if it were possible to state in dollars and cents, would undoubt- edly increase to a great extent the value which the Red Cross adds to the dollar you give. SAVING EFFECTED on RED CRoss Money SPENT FOR RELIEF SUPPLIES. Total shipments of supplies abroad–Jan. 1st to March 31st, 1918: Purchase supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,071,038.43 Chapter supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,307,539.88 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * $9,378,578.31 Total value (material and labor) of supplies produced by Chapters— Jan. 1st to March 31st, 1918. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,630,407.68 Of which amount labor is represented by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,379,102.90 Ratio of labor to total value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.34% Value of donated labor in Chapter shipments...... 7,307,539.88 × 32.34 – $2,363,258.40 Value of donated shipping space from Jan. 1st to March 31st, 1918. . . . . . . 1,758,655.43 Known part of saving in special prices below best market quotation given Red CrOSS* Known warehouse and port services saved Brokerage fees on War and Marine Insurance saved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e e e s e e º e s e e e º e s e e s is e e e o 'o e e s e e s e º e o 'o e º s e o e s e º e º e º e < * * * * * * * e & © e º 'º e º 'º e º e e º ºs e º ºs e º 'º e º e º e º e º e * 3,723.32 10,000.00 50,000.00 $4,185,637.15 As the value of donated labor is already included in the total value of ship- ments ($9,378,578.31) to obtain the real value of shipments the value saved with the exception of this labor or $1,822,378.75 should be added to the $9,378,578.31 to obtain the true value of shipments. . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,200,917.06 4,185,637.15 The per cent saved therefore equals Iiz00,957.06 = 37.4% Out of every dollar, therefore, we save. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37.4 cents Or for every dollar spent we save ; tº e º ſº e g º & q' g º 'º e º e º gº º $ tº 59 plus cents *This figure does not of course represent the actual saving by thousands of dollars, but is the only known figure we could use and is very conservative. . . William II, Hypocrite The fine feeling of Wilhelm II, one of history's cruelest monarchs, is well brought out in an incident recorded by the court historian, Karl Rosner: It was at the table, one evening. The emperor's guests sat partaking of a modest repast with their royal host. The conver- sation dwelling on the diverse events of the day, turned to St. Quentin. The Kaiser de- clared that the picture of the ruined city, Bureau of Chapter Production Calls Attention to This Recent Official Statement There has recently been sent to the Di- vision Managers the accounting plan by which Chapters will receive their proportion- ate credit for materials furnished the Red Cross by the Government for the Army order. - The distribution will be made on a thor- oughly democratic basis which will be equita- ble to all Chapters and Branches, whether large or small. It is based entirely on their output of standard A.R.C. articles, and has no relation to their production of the par- ticular dressings called for in the Army order. - The Divisions will tabulate each month, beginning with the May report, the quan- tities of Standard Chapter Made Articles, to which code numbers have been assigned, reported to them by the Chapters on Form No. 251. No account will be taken of finished goods shipped to points other than Divisional Warehouses, unless done so by order of the Division Manager. The value of the materials received from the Govern- ment will be computed, and also the value of the finished articles received from the Chapters by the Divisions. The benefit to each Chapter will be in the form of a credit which will bear the same relation to the value of materials furnished by the Gov- ernment, as the value of the finished articles produced by the Chapters bears to the total Red Cross production. The Chapters will receive a credit memo- randum from the Division each month as soon as the accounts can be made up. Chap- ters should deduct the amount of these credit memoranda from the next remittance they make to the Division in payment of ma– terials purchased. Chapters are urged not to write to the Divisions to find out the amount of their credit, as these memoranda will be mailed to them just as quickly as the amounts can * be ascertained by the Division Accountants. which he had visited during the winter of 1914-15, would never leave him but wouid continue to haunt him always. - “Nothing is left,” said he, “but the fright- ful skeleton of a dead city, a city assas– sinated, laid low by the blind rage of a brother's hand. It is thus that they suffer in bitterness. We, their enemies, have taken care of it and here, it has been destroyed by its own citizens, by its allies!” La, lal - —Le Liseur, in “Le Figaro.” 8 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN The Financial Report of the American National Red Cross, as of Date April 30, 1918, as Presented to the War Council by C. G. DuBois, Comptroller Gentlemen:- I respectfully submit the following finan- cial statement of the American National Red Cross for ten months ending April 30, 1918. This covers the financial transactions at National Headquarters, at Division offices and abroad but does not include the War Fund. Funds except Totals. Funds— - Endowment. Fund Balances July 1, 1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,400,760.49 $1,734,143.84 $3,134,904.33 Net receipts 10 Months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,177,982.90 II,844,979.03 104,022,961.93 Total ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,578,743.39 13,579,122.87 107,157,866.26 Total Appropriations made during 10 Months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,161,163,51 7,360,163.20 93,521,326.71 Fund Balances April 30, 1918, available for Appropriation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,417,579.88 $6,218,959.67 $13,636,539.55 Total Appropriations as above. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $86,161,163.51 $7,360,163.20 $93,521,326.71 Expenditures and Advances thereunder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,429,633.61 5,688,653.4.1 68,118,287.02 Appropriation Balances Unexpended April 30, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23,731,529.90 $1,671,509.79 $25,403,039.69 Resources—April 30, 1918. Cash in Banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... $39,684,111.46 Securities Owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609,466.20 Accounts Receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401,858.78 — $41,695,436.44 . Deduct Accounts Payable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,655,857.20 Deduct Balance authorized to be expended under existing appropriations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,403,039.69 *=º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-e 28,058,896.89 Net Unencumbered Resources April 30, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $13,636,539.55 Endowment Fund. $1,163,402.68 Cash and Securities July 1, 1917 Receipts 10 Months Deduct Income Paid into General Fund Endowment Fund Resources April income or expenditures of the 3,776 Red Cross local Chapters with their branches and auxiliaries. The gross receipts of the first War Fund were approximately $109,- 275,580.98 of which $17,097,598.08 were re- tained by or refunded to local Chapters, leaving the net receipts included herein of $92,177,982.90. The receipts reported under Other Funds are chiefly the portion of mem- bership dues which Chapters are required to turn in to headquarters. While the figures are substantially correct, some of them may be changed slightly after final review and audit. - All Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tº . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30, 1918 Official Statement as to Certain Requisites for Red Cross * -. Service Abroad. There appeared in one of the New York papers some days ago, a statement made by one of the assistants in the Bureau of Per- sonnel of the Atlantic Division of the Red Cross to the effect that no one of German antecedents for even three generations back would be accepted for Red Cross service abroad. When the attention of Harvey D. Gibson, General Manager of the Red Cross, as well as member of the War Council, was called to this statement he said that it was not only wholly inaccurate but totally misrep- resented the position of the Red Cross in connection with its selection of men and women for foreign service. “The statement as quoted is entirely repugnant to the purposes and spirit of the Organization, and I know is quite con- trary to the views held and expressed by all of the members of the War Council. “While the Red Cross must necessarily be thoroughly satisfied of the unqualified loyalty of its personnel here and abroad the rule of the Red Cross is, that if, after in- vestigation, a person is found to be thor- oughly loyal and patriotic he or she will be enrolled for foreign service, even though of German descent. Each case is determined upon its own merits. “This position is reflected in the fact that passports for many persons of German descent, whose cases have been thoroughly investigated and recommended by the Red Cross, have been approved by the English and French Embassies, and these persons are now in foreign Red Cross service, • * * * g e a º e & s tº a º * & . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 874,371.30 $2,037,773.98. “It is unfortunate and it is to be re- gretted that such a statement should have been made because the only test which the Red Cross applies is the patriotism and loyalty of the particular applicant, and it is thoroughly recognized that there are in this country countless persons of German descent who are 100 per cent loyal and patriotic.” Bloomington, Illinois Dr. Kilham writes from Gerbéviller: “I have never seen anything so charming as the children’s outfits sent by the ladies of Bloomington, Illinois. The children prance like peacocks in their fine feathers, One child went to bed very early last night because she simply couldn’t wait for the morning, Sunday, to put on her new frock.” ..T RED CI ULLETIN ... < * . . . . . * , ‘. . . . . * ... ** > . Vol. II AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D, C, JUNE 3, 1918 No. 23 War Council Asked for $100,000,- 000 but American People Made Their Own Budget The second war fund drive of the Amer– ican Red Cross is now a part of the history of the great world war for Liberty. And a splendid chapter it is. The mark of one hundred million dollars was set several months ago. It would have been increased if the minimum had been set when the drive started. It wasn't necessary, however, The country itself gauged the situation and set the mark approximately sixty-five million dollars higher. Davison, of the War Council, the American people seem to have made their own bud- In the words of Chairman get. The oversubscription tells the story. Every Red Cross territorial division has turned out an honor division. The cam- paign started with a flourish and ended with a hurrah. Quota has found a new defini- tion—it is something to be exceeded. Ri- valries were not to see who would go “over the top,” but to beat the rest of them to it. Double and Triple All over the country divisions, states and local chapters passed their allotments before the drive had reached its final stage—in some instances on the very first day—and the remainder of the campaign was devoted to an enthusiastic endeavor to double and triple. Nobody, anywhere, was satisfied to do the expected merely. Giving was an in- centive on every hand to give more. “We have forgotten all about quotas,” tele- graphed the manager of the Southwestern Division to the National Headquarters on the fifth day of the drive. He spoke for all of his colleagues. To prove the truth of this patriotic, humanitarian forgetfulness, the Southwestern Division more than doubled its quota of $7,250,000. The Gulf Division, to which was allotted the smallest amount of any of the thirteen continental divisions— $1,300,000—came across with approximately three times that. The city of Greater New York, with a quota of $25,000,000, had re- ported practically that amount subscribed on the eve of the last day of the drive. Then there was a whirlwind finish that added more than $8,000,000, bringing the total to $33,- 455,764. - “Over the Top” By noon on Monday, May 27, when it was apparent that the whole United States had gone “over the top,” the manager of the In- Sular Division was pacing the floor. He was hopeful, but a bit nervous. The cables and the wireless were not working fast enough to Suit him. The sum of $300,000 had been the allotment for the insular possessions and the American colonies in foreign countries. Much Pride Pride in keeping up with the procession was not the only thing at stake. There was a chance to set a percentage mark. Finally the returns from remote corners of the earth Were in in Sufficient numbers to send the head of the Fourteenth Division scampering in great glee to the general offices to announce that his flock had gone the quota 300 per cent better, the figures showing $1,200,000 in round numbers. Here was the proof that the American spirit is universal throughout the world, wherever American citizens are located, temporarily or otherwise. At an American school in the Philippines the scholars gave a play that netted about $200. From Santo Domingo came contributions of approximately $50,000. Passengers on ships in the Pacific ocean sent wireless messages concerning collections aboard. In far away Guam, in the heart of the Andes—every- where in the world outside the domain of the common enemy some American or Americans felt the spirit of the appeal and registered accordingly. Even Germans Helped Even the Germans helped the Red Cross drive considerably. They may not know it yet, but they will find it out soon enough. It happened that a time during the cam- paign to raise funds to relieve the suffering of war was chosen for a particularly fright- ful bombing of hospitals in France, with the resultant killing of several scores of nurses, and patients. Publication of the details of these atrocities aroused intense indignation throughout the country, and there is no tell- ing just how many thousands of dollars each bomb dropped added to the Red Cross fund. At a luncheon in Wilmington, Del., a man with four sons in France announced that he wished to express his indignation at this frightfulness by subscribing $1,000 to the Red Cross. Instantly ten other men were on their feet clamoring to express themselves in the same way, and in the same amount. Telegrams from all over the country told of the fresh indignation which was adding to the subscriptions already made. Wisconsin Does Well Wisconsin was the second state in the Central Division to reach its quota, and on the sixth day of the drive had oversubscribed its allotment of $1,300,000 by $232,000. The final figures brought the Wisconsin total up to $2,000,000. Milwaukee, whose Quota was $620,000, closed the campaign with subscrip- tions of approximately $960,000. The state and Milwaukee Chapter managers are much gratified over these showings, especially because of the unpleasant conflict with pro- German propaganda that had existed there in the past. Oversubscriptions to Red Cross funds seem to be very good answers to enemy propaganda. Delaware Banner State Delaware seems to have been the banner State of the Union in the matter of per cap- ita contributions to the fund, according to the reports at hand. The state's Quota was $500,000, and the total amount subscribed was $2,129,000. There were 63,000 individual Subscribers out of a population of 2,500,000. The per capita subscription was nine dollars for the state, and for the city of Wilmington the per capita was sixteen dollars. The largest single contributions to the fund was $3,000,000. This contribution was made by the Rockefeller Foundation. Contributions made by national banking institutions, through their boards of direc- tors, by authority of an act of Congress passed at the opening of the drive, topped $2,000,000. Of the 7,707 national banks in the country, 1,540 had reported to the comp- troller of the currency as having made con- tributions, on the day after the drive closed. Of this number 1,228 gave the amounts do- nated, the točal being $2,032,071. The act of Congress permits national banks to con- tribute to the American Red Cross out of their undivided profits during the period of the war. As soon as the law was passed the comptroller requested all the banks to report action taken by their board of directors, - 2 C. R O S S B U L L E T IN T H E P E D 2 º' Henry P. Davison, Sunday Afternoon, Draws Graphic Picture of Conditions on the Western Front Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, at a mass meeting of members of the Red Cross, held under the auspices of the District of Columbia Chapter in the National Theater, on Sunday afternoon, May 26th, made his first public address in the National Capital since his return from Europe. The audience, which filled the theater, included Secretary and Mrs. Mc- Adoo, and many others prominent in official and diplomatic circles. Mr. Davison was introduced by Henry B. F. Macfarland, Chairman of the Washington Chapter, who presided at the meeting. Any attempt to give you an idea of con- ditions in Europe would seem to imply a be- lief that it is possible to convey some idea of the situation there by words. It is not possible. The situation is too tragic. If we had been at war four years—fighting in the trenches four years—and had lost in killed, wounded and missing, 2,000,000 men, we should then not have a true picture of the situation in Western Europe, because a large part of our territory would not have been invaded and destroyed, and a large part of our population would not have been driven, destitute and distressed, into strange lands. If that were to become the situa- tion with us, we should then know the con- ditions as they exist in Western Europe today, and we should not now be holding meetings and campaigns for Red Cross funds, because under these conditions all would have been trained to give, give cheer- fully and continuously until they had noth- ing more to give. Fourth Tºp to the Front I have just returned from my fourth trip to the front since the war began. These trips, about a year apart, have, I believe, put me in position to compare the war from year to year. Of course, the situation changes from time to time, but I believe there has been a greater change during the past three months than at any time since the war began. There has been, as you know, a unification of the military forces, and I believe it may be said there has been a unification, too, of the civilian forces. My trip in England, in France, in free Belgium, in Italy convinced me that at last all of the forces of the Entente, civilian and military, have found a way to get the peace which they so much desire. Not only are they in accord as to how to get it, but in accord in their determination that it shall be had. They are convinced that there is one and only one method and they have approved and adopted that method, which is to fight and fight and fight. Now that such is the situation, one hears no more talk of terms of peace, no more talk of the liberation of Belgium, or Alsace- Lorraine, or of indemnities. The Allies are down to their real business. They are going to stay there and let the terms be settled after they have won the fight. Morale High It must be admitted that the military situation on the western front is serious. Undoubtedly the next few months will be the critical months of the war. Germany has very recently and in my judgment will soon again be hurling her forces against the western line, determined to destroy and crush those armies before we can get there —that is, before we can get there with our full force. Conscious of this, I want to say that I have never left Europe more con- fident of the final Success of the Entente cause. I have never seen the morale as high along the line and behind the line as it is today. I have referred to the military situation because the work begun by the American Red Cross is so closely allied with it. You will appreciate that I can give you very little idea of the work of the Red Cross along the line and behind the line in a few minutes' talk. You know something of the situation here, what work we our doing with our boys. You have seen then don their uni- forms, they have taken leave of you. They have gone to their camps, and many of them have gone “over there.” You have resolved that nothing which will protect them from sickness or add to their comfort shall be withheld. Furthermore, you have demanded that a service shall be rendered to their families left behind, that those “over there” may have peace of mind in connection with their families at home, and also that to those unfortunate enough to become prison- ers of the enemy every possible service through the Red Cross shall be extended for their health and comfort. The women of the country have not only demanded this of the American Red Cross but by their patriotism and industry have made it possible to make the provisions for their comfort. Our Lads Abroad are Modest I went to Europe particularly to see our boys over there. I have seen them get off in Address at the National Theater the steamer, line up and march through the cities or towns to embark in their trains and finally land at their camps. You may be able to visualize them in a foreign land, but I really doubt if you can realize the sensa- tion they create as they march along in true American fashion, filling every one with confidence in their courage and determina- tion. While I heard many comments regarding our boys I think I heard more surprise ex- pressed at their attitude than on any other point. Some how, many people expected them to get off the steamer and rush up the street asking, “Why what has delayed you; come on, we’ll show you the way to Berlin.” Not at all. Their attitude was one of modesty, with a spirit of complete coopera- tion and a sense of the undertaking which was before them. I shall not undertake to tell you in detail of the work we have done there for them. If it had not been for the vision and fore- sight of our great leader, our great Presi- dent, we should not have had much with which to respond. But as we were free from the restrictions necessary in government work, and were in a position to act quickly, we filled our warehouses with everything that might be needed—medical supplies, surgical supplies, food stuffs of every kind, rock crushers, cement and every- thing needed along the front. We estab- lished hospitals, organized the personnel for these hospitals. We developed a transpor- tation system the importance of which no one can appreciate who has not been in France. That was our position when the army arrived. Great Accomplishments Now it is very much more fitting that those in command should tell you what the American Red Cross boys have done for our boys over there. You have read the state- ments of our President, of Secretary Daniels, of Secretary Baker, Admiral Sims, General Pershing and Col. Ireland. They have told you what we have done and not only these men but the medical and surgical experts along the line send this message back to the American people: that if the American peo- ple have any appreciation of the work which has already been done for our boys and which is increasing, certainly every American man and American woman will give from their funds to the point of sacri- fice. I want to quote from Col. Ireland’s statement: “Mr. Davison, the American Red Cross has done three or four single things any one of which would more than justify the organization and the ea penditure of money.” - He stated one and I want to tell you abou RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. _º 2-3. SUPPLEMENT TO THE ISSUE OF JUNE 3, 1918 No. 23 Latest Reports on Results of Second War Fund Drive, Showing A Grand Total of $166,439,291 The following table shows the contributions to the American Red Cross second war fund, by divisions and states, according to the latest figures received at national headquarters up to the time of going to press. A table of contributions by cities, so far as reported, also is appended. These tables are not final. To complete the work of tabulation the divisions will require some time. While from several divisions there have come assurances of larger totals, these have been ignored in the table herewith presented. Returns Returns Total from . Quotas from Popula- 1st War 2nd War 2nd War tion Fund Fund Fund Drive Drive Drive Atlantic Division. - º New Jersey. . . . . 3,014,000 $3,680,162 $3,000,000 $6,327,717 Connecticut . . . . 1,265,000 2,942,933 2,000,000 4,065,334 New York (state) 4,564,000 6,425,070 5,000,000 9,799,041 Total . . . . . . . 8,843,000 $13,048,165 $10,000,000 $20,192,092 Metropolitan Div. New York (city). 5,896,000 $24,277,361 $24,000,000 $33,455,764 Central Division Illinois . . . . . . . . . 6,235,000 $5,997,329 $8,000,000 $8,700,000 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 2,225,000 1,603,474 1,200,000 2,233,604 Nebraska . . . . . . . 1,284,000 1,020,812 800,000 2,300,000 Wisconsin . . . . . . 2,527,000 1,555,288 1,300,000 2,250,000 Michigan . . . . . . . 3,094,000 3,417,882 2,500,000 5,000,000 Total. . . . . . . 15,365,000 $13,594,785 $13,800,000 $20,483,604 Lake Division. - - Indiana . . . . . . . . 2,836,000 $2,150,150 $2,200,000 $2,613,488 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 5,212,000 10,032,907 6,000,000 7,782,520 Kentucky ... . . . . . 2,394,000 437,529 1,200,000 2,045,000 Total. . . . . . . 10,442,000 $12,620,586 $9,400,000 $12,441,008 New England Div. - - - Maine ... . . . . . . . 777,000 $676,610 $500,000 $830,000 New Hampshire. 444,000 356,577 250,000 513,000 Vermont . . . . . . . 365,000 200,000 200,000 279,000 Massachusetts .. 3,776,000 5,867,022 5,000,000 8,334,000 Rhode Island. . . . 626,000 882,100 700,000 1,144,000 Total. . . . . . . 5.988,000 $7,982,309 $6,650,000 $11,100,000 Mountain Div. - - : - Wyoming . . . . . . 185,000 $285,166 $100,000 $325,523 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . 444,000 463,469 350,000 612,700 Colorado . . . . . . . 988,000 1,411,111 800,000 1,883,087 New Mexico. . . . 424,000 111,914 100,000 234,742 Total....... 2,041,000 $2,271,660 $1,350,000 $3,056,052 Southwestern Div. - - . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . 4,516,000 $1,512.703 $1,750,000 $4,401,530 Arkansas . . . . . . . 1,766,000 697,140 500,000 817,174 Kansas . . . . . . . . . 1,852,000 1,989,401 1,000,000 2,482,709 Oklahoma ... . . . . 2,290,000 842,546 1,000,000 1.814,042 Missouri . . . . . . . 3,430,000 3,633,338 3,000,000 5,989,037 Total. . . . . . . 13,854,000 $8,675,128 $7,250,000 $15,504,493 Northern Division. Montana . . . . . . . 473,000 $595,274 $300,000 $415,000 Minnesota . . . . . . 2,313,000 1,837,437 1,500,000 2,942,029 North Dakota. . . 765,000 135,799 200,000 520,000 South Dakota... 717,000 127,410 200,000 340,000 Total . . . . . . . 4,268,000 $2,695,920 $2,200,000 $4,217,029 Northwestern Div. - - Washington .... 1,598,000 $1,549,241 $1,000,000 $2,334,597 Oregon . . . . . . . . . 862,000 977,827 600,000 911,200 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . 445,000 414,382 150,000 439,927 Alaska . . . . . . . . . 65,000 13,003 20,000 86,275 Total. . . . . . . 2,970,000 $2,941,450 $1,770,000 $3,771,999 Pacific Division. California . . . . . . 3,029,000 $3,575,680 $3,500,000 $6,463,382 Nevada . . . . . . . . 111,000 50,574 0,000 139,863 Arizona ... . . . . . 264,000 135,720 150,000 455,159 Total . . . . . . . 3,404,000 $3,761,974 $3,730,000 $7,058,404 Pennsylvania Div. - Pennsylvania ... 8,660,000 $10,452,134 $11,000,000 $15,971,000 Delaware . . . . . . . 215,000 1,124,335 1,000,000 2,129,000 Total. . . . . . . 8,875,000 $11,576,469 $12,000,000 $18,100,000 Potomac Division. - - Dist. Columbia. . 400,000 $281,970 $500,000 $1,157,789 Maryland . . . . . . 1,374,000 1,104,899 1,300,000 1,817,201 Virginia . . . . . . . . 2,213,000 813,015 1,000,000 1,636,718 West Virginia... 1,413,000 635,268 500,000 1,209,342 Total. . . . . . . 5,400,000 $2,836,152 $3,300,000 $5,821,050 Southern Division. - ." Florida . . . . . . . . . 916,000 $277,392 $400,000 $772,224 Georgia . . . . . . . . 2,896,000 419,364 800,000 1,230,313 North Carolina. . 2,435,000 306,189 750,000 1,153,441 South Carolina. . 1,643,000 347,401 300,000 1,043,222 Tennessee . . . . . . 2,305,000 743,579 700,000 1,704,800 Total. ... ... 10,195,000 $2,748,807 $2,950,000 $5,904,000 * Gulf Division. - - Alabama . . . . . . . 2,364,000 $436,680 $400,000 $1,299,154 Louisiana . . . . . . 1,857,000 794,869 650,000 1,935,854 Mississippi . . . . . 1,977,000 176,708 250,000 898,788 Total. . . . . . . 6,198,000 $1,408,257 $1,300,000 $4,133,796 Insular & Foreign $300,000 $1,200,000 Statement by the Chairman of the War Council Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, made the following statement in connection with the second war fund drive: The latest actual returns disclose sub- scriptions to the second American Red Cross war fund amounting to $166,489,291. Re- ports still coming in warrant the prediction that subscriptions will ultimately total fully $170,000,000. The supreme feature of this achievement is to be found not in the amount of money subscribed, great as it is, but in that it has come from every part of the United States, from its cities, its towns, its farms, its fac- tories, from the rich and the poor, regard— less of sect, color, or political creed. While it is estimated that those contribut- ing to the war fund last year numbered probably 5,000,000 persons, our returns this year give evidence that more than 47,000,000 Americans have contributed to the new fund. This manifestation of loyalty and sacrifice by the people of our country brings to the Red Cross War sciousness of its trust. Council a renewed con- It will stamp indel- ibly in the minds of our own soldiers and sailors as an earnest that the American people are behind them to the uttermost. Such an outpouring of generous enthusi- asm avowing even greater determination to win the war, and, in the words of our Presi- dent, “to win it worthily and greatly,” will also carry a deepened assurance of sym- pathy and support to all the armies and civilians fighting the battles of democracy in this war. No American wants thanks because his country has so richly fulfilled her obligation, but I do congratulate every American who has contributed either time or money toward this, the greatest work of mercy, of love and of justice in the history of mankind. Reports from Cities in Which T here Were No War Chests CITY - lººr Popula- Drive tion Atlanta . . . . . . . . . $203,915 190,558 Baltimore . . . . . . 1,110,000 625,000 Birmingham .... 205,000 181,762 Boston . . . . . . . . . 2,314,858 756,476 Bridgeport . . . . . 351,890 121,579 Buffalo ......... 1,942,946 468,558 Chicago ... . . . . . 4,966,620 2,497,722 Cincinnati . . . . . . 1,650,000 410,000 Dallas . . . . . . . . . 178,856 124,527 Denver ... . . . . . . 675,000 260,800 Fall River, Mass. 38,791 128,366 Fort Worth. . . . . 107,700 104,562 Hartford . . . . . . . 551,076 110,900 Houston, Texas. 243,000 112,307 Jersey City. . . . . . 193,784 506,345 Kansas City .... 1,050,000 297,847 Lowell, Mass.... 171,665 113,245 Louisville . . . . . . 262,952 238,910 Los Angeles..... 1,015,000 503,812 Returns Memphis . . . . . . . 131,850 148,995 125,000 302,159 **, º, Milwaukee ..... 533,787 436,535 620,000 958,000 §º: cº., Nashville ... . . . . 180,000 117,057 160,000 375,000 C New Haven. . . . . 453,352 149,685 370,000 443,607 $300,000 $275,000 New Orleans.... 649,135 371,747 850,000 1,255,977 1,200,000 1,500,000 Newark . . . . . . . . 755,763 408,894 800,000 1,300,000 tº tº gº tº . . ; ; {} - aterSOn, N. J. . . 5 3. ~ */3 3. º * Pittsburgh . . . . . . 3,917,663 579,090 4,000,000 5,335,857 r 3 Portland, Ore. . . 232,454 295,463 250,000 478,000 * * Providence, R. I. 619,189 254960 500,000 1,000,000 7,000,000 5,300,000 Reading, Pa..... 157775 109,381 175,000 272,802 1,000,000 1,359,800 Richmond, Va... 401,364 156,687 450,000 451,000 200,000 670,000 San Antonio.... 122,000 123,831 170,000 202,400 400,000 794.8° San Francisco... 1,090,437 463,516 1,000,000 1,484.818 125,000 100,000 Salt Lake City... 352,668 117.390 200,000 329,000 150,000 230,332 Scranton, Pa.... 267,049 146,811 250,000 520,000 300,000 728,000 Seattle ......... 431,479 248,639 450,000 1,169,300 250,000 380,000 Spokane ........ 147,000 150,323 90,000 332,000 250,000 250,000 St. Louis........ 2,069,516 759,309 1,850,000 3,076,871 800,000 1,307,000 St. Paul . . . . . . . . 480,225 247,232 440,000 750,000 150,000 249,000 Tacoma ........ 107,000 112,770 110,000 175,000 450,000 500,000 Trenton ... . . . . . 104,027 111,593 120,000 175,010 1,000,000 1,034,082 Washington, D. C. 500,000 363,980 500,000 1,127,789 The War Chest Cities The so-called war chest cities, those which made lump collections for all war contribu- tion purposes and out of which the Red Cross gets a part, have not been included in the list of cities presented in tabular form, because of the uncertainty as to what the portions will be in many instances. In some cases there were understandings or agreements by which the Red Cross is to receive a certain percentage of all monies collected above the quotas pledged, but ex- act amounts have not as yet been ascer- tained. In many instances, also, the reports sent in merely state that the Red Cross quota has been subscribed, without convey- ing any information as to the total collec- tions during the time of the drive. Here are the facts regarding the drive in Some of the principal war chest cities so far as the returns are available: Atlantic division—Camden, N. J., with a Red Cross quota of $75,000, reported con- tributions of $250,352. Albany, with a quota of $300,000, reported $250,000. Rochester, with a quota of $1,000,000, reported $1,624,- 000. Syracuse, with a quota of $300,000, reported $450,000. Central division—Detroit, with a quota Of $1,500,000, reported that amount. Lake division—Indianapolis, with a quota of $450,000, reported $2,889,000. Cleveland, with a quota of $3,000,000, reported $2,500,- 000. Columbus, with a quota of $300,000, reported $300,000. Toledo, with a quota of $500,000, reported $450,000. Youngstown, with a quota of $150,000, reported $300,000. New England division—Lawrence, Mass., with a quota of $75,000, reported $130,000. Lynn, with a quota of $100,000, reported $100,000. New Bedford, with a' quota of $115,000, reported $114,000. Springfield, Mass., with a quota of $200,000, reported $300,000. Worcester, with a quota of $400,- 000, reported $950,000. Northern division—Minneapolis, with a quota of $700,000, reported $815,816. Pennsylvania division—Philadelphia, with a Red Cross quota of $4,500,000, has raised about $15,000,000. T H E R E fly C R O S S B U L } , E T IN 3 that because it is not only interesting in that if they can kill four children out of The Red Cross Canteen itself but it has great possibilities. The five, the mother will implore the government I went with the procession until we American Red Cross organized a research department of leading experts in medicine in England, France and America. These three bodies met regularly in the office of the American Red Cross in Paris and studied the problems seriously affecting the forces in the land. As a result of that study one of the things accomplished has been that the American Red Cross has at last found the cause for trench fever which is regarded by the British as second in the destructive agencies which ravage its sol- diers. It is regarded as the one great ac- complishment to prevent illness along the line. Our First Obligation I have spoken of our men because from the beginning we have realized that our first obligation in the American Red Cross is to take care of our own boys. But there is another situation so important that it affects ... every soldier, sailor, every man and woman in America or over there. We have sent over many of our soldiers and we are send- ing them rapidly—all credit to our great Commander i., Chief. But let us not lose our sense of proportion and get it into our heads that we have taken our adequate po- sition in the line. ! heard it said in Europe a great many times that the Americans are coming over to win the war. Well, I think probably that is true; but if it is true, it is true only because we are of necessity coming late. If it should prove that that which we throw in becomes the decisive factor in this war, let us be thankful; yet in the final accounting let us have due regard for those who have been fighting there three years prior to our entrance, for what they have done. Certainly nothing gave our Allies more hope and con- fidence than the coming of Americans; but, ladies and gentlemen, hope and confidence will neither house, clothe or feed old men, women and children, nor will it cure the diseases which are ravaging the countries. That is what your American Red Cross is doing today throughout France, in free Bel- gium, in Italy, Serbia and Palestine. There are two battles being fought in Europe today by the Germans, one against the soldiers in the front line trenches and one against the civilian population. The purpose of the war against the civilian popu- lation is so to terrorize them that they will implore their governments to sue for peace. It is the most fiendish, devilish, cruel war that was ever conceived. It is being carried on from the English Channel to the Swiss border and from the Swiss border to the Adriatic. It is being fought on the theory to sue for peace in order that her fifth child may live. I wish it were possible to give you a complete idea of that battle. I saw some of it. I want to give you a little of it gained from observation. A Woman of Fortitude I was motoring along, visiting our Red Cross operations along the line or under fire back of the line. At one town I found that we were ministering there to a woman who a short time before had been living in a neighboring town with her father, mother and her four children. About ten nights before my arrival a bomb had struck the home in which she was living. It killed her mother, her father and two of her chil- dren. She then moved with her other two children to the town in which I had stopped. The night before I arrived a Boche had flown over and dropped a bomb which killed these two children. That woman, when asked what her attitude was, said: “They have killed my father and mother, they have taken my four children, but so long as I live, I’ll fight.” In that same town there was a mother who had four sons, three of them in the war. Her baby, fifteen years old, a boy, was living with her. Well, three nights be- fore we arrived a bomb struck her house and killed the fifteen-year-old boy. Now I don’t know whether it is possible for you to realize what that meant but if you will stop and think you will then get some idea of the forces at work against those people. From there I motored on to the next town and went to the hotel situated on the side of the Square, in the center. I was told I was expected to go to the canteen for dinner. I left the hotel at 7.30 and started along the main street and after going along a few paces, I realized that the street was filled with people all going in one direction, on both sides and in the middle of the street. I asked the man with me what was going on and he said that the people were moving out to the cave. “What do you mean, ‘out to the cave,’” I inquired. “You know we are going to have moon- light tonight and they are going out to the cave for the night.” I looked at the crowd and saw families of various sizes carrying whatever they could to make their night a little more comfort- able, not for a night's sleep, but in order that they might be alive in the morning. There was no excitement. They were just moving on. They had been to the cave the the night before and the night before that. crossed the bridge, next to which was the railroad station and adjoining the station our canteen. The building itself was a very large one, originally a warehouse; it had been camouflaged by French artists who are clever and know how to do it. I was greeted by the head of the canteen who said she wished to show me the rest of the building. We went first into a room where the poilus throw off their accoutre- ment. The next room held shower baths, where as many as 250 men can bathe at one time. On the other side was a room where clothes are sterilized and vermin killed. In the adjoining room were the bunks where the soldiers spend the night; and then the dining room fitted with tables where the men were served from a counter. As I looked about and saw the American flags and American Red Cross flag and the sides of that building decorated not only with paintings, but with excerpts from the speeches of our great President, I said to myself that if every American man and woman could come in here and get the im- pression and atmosphere created here by the Americans, they never would raise a question about a contribution to the Ameri- can Red Cross. Outside was a little garden which had been very charmingly fixed up. There was a statue there that was to have gone to the Luxembourg. I mention this only to show that the artistic spirit of the French is not dead. While I was there a train came in and the poilus jumped off and without look- ing to the right or left went through the rear door of that building and threw down their accoutrements with an ea pression which said plainly that at last they were at home. Courage of American Girls I went in and had my dinner. said to me: - - “You must not waste too much time.” I asked why, and she said I would have to hurry to finish dinner before the raid. “Are you as sure as that,” I said. “Yes,” she answered, “it will come about nine o'clock.” I told her she must be in the secret service, she was so well informed. I went in and watched the poilus eat. Suddenly one girl closed the cashier’s win- dow and when I asked what was the matter, she said: “There is the first alert.” Then she gave the word for all to leave the canteen. I said let us hurry to the abri and she replied: “Mr. Davison, do you sup- pose any American girl could run from a bomb in the presence of a Frenchman.” They were gotten out and taken to the abri One girl 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN built for this purpose. At 10.30 the signal was sounded, indicating that the raid was over. They went out and I asked if they were going home. “No,” was the reply, “we are going back to the canteen. We close from seven to eight in the morning to clean up. We are open the other twenty-three hours of the twenty-four.” I saw a crowd standing around the ruins of two buildings. There were thirty-seven people under those ruins. As we stood there suddenly some one struck me in the back and after I recovered I realized some one had said, “Pardon me.” I looked around and there were seventy-five Americans who had been in the district and hurried out in their motors with picks and shovels in hand with the hope that they could save some of those lives. Windows Błown. In I was about to go to my room in the hotel when the second alert sounded and I stood just there. My friend Wadsworth was with me. We finally concluded it was not near a plate glass window we wanted to be and so went to the center of the building behind two partitions. The Boche came and dropped his bomb and we retired. The next I knew was when the windows of my room were blown in. So it went on through the night. In the morning we saw those French peasants going by in their wooden shoes. There was no weakening anywhere. We went to the canteen and saw those girls. They were still there. Three days later that town was completely evacuated. I say completely; what I mean is that the civilian population had all left that town. The sol- dier8 are still there, and there are 8till there too eighteen American girls. I could go on and give you instance after instance of our experiences, but I must have told you enough to give you some idea of the forces at work to break down the morale. I said at the beginning I had never seen the morale as high along the back of the line as today. My observation war- rants the statement that the American Red Cross is in no small degree responsible for that fact. If you could have been in France during the last offensive and seen the Red Cross camions going up by night loaded with food stuffs, if you could have seen, the meat morning, the American Red Cross represen- tatives giving out hot food from the kitchens along the roadway to those people seeking refuge any where; and if you could have seen those representatives directing the people to homes where they would have pro- vided for them shelter and food; and later if you could have gone through France and Italy and seem the thousands and hundreds of thousands of refugees who were being administered to by the American Red Cross, you would then appreciate the look of grati- tude upon the people's faces—gratitude to the American people. - If you could go with the American Red Cross representatives into the front line trenches and see them there giving comfort to the soldiers; and to the families of Sol- diers whose names had been given by Gen- eral Foch, General Petain and the com- mander-in-chief in Italy; if you could go and see where we are employing hundreds and hundreds of refugees, paying them for their day’s hire and giving to those who need it the product of their labor; and if you could go through our lace factory which is being operated because we removed, en masse, the lace makers from Venice whom we are now employing at 3 and 3% lire a day to make lace, if you could go through our factory for the making of artificial limbs not only for our boys but those of our Allies; if you could go through the factory where we are making splints so scientifically that they are being put on the wounded before they have been moved from No Man's Land, thus saving many lives and limbs which otherwise would be lost; if you could realize that in addition to all this we are supplying over five thousands military hospitals in France and Italy, even then you would have no adequate picture of American Red Cross operations in Western Europe. Today there is no breach into which the American Red Cross is not prepared to and does jump. Proud Because I Was an Arnerican My trip an the continent was an ovation from the beginning to the end. I was never so proud in my life—not because I was chairman of the War Council, not for the Red Cross, but because I was an American There were just two cries and they were always coupled together: “Long live America,” and “Long live Wilson.” Now, ladies and gentlemen, as I have in- dicated, your American Red Cross is or— ganized to carry on that work. It is being carried on by more than three thousand as fine American men and women as ever stood in shoe leather. No sufficient praise and tribute can be given them. The result of the work is very obviously to create a re- lationship between peoples which I believe will really affect the character of peace be- cause we are establishing relationships which brings people closer together not only here in America but throughout the world. It is beyond the power of expression to pay a tribute to that valor, that courage, that sacrifice which is being shown and has been shown by the British, and by the French and by the Italians. And the day will come when by action we will include the Ameri- cans as well. Message to the Kaiser We have had a campaign for Red Cross funds. Just as I came in the door I Was told that the amount actually tabulated for the six days is $112,000,000. That is an answer, a message to the Kaiser; but it is not the full message. When we made up our budget last December, we expected our drive to take place in February. Out of deference to our great financiers, our great Mr. Secretary McAdoo, we postponed it. If we were going to make the budget today, in view of changed conditions, we would change the budget. That is not necessary now, because the American people are going to change it for w8. I want to say in closing just this: that I believe every American man and every American woman who has any appreciation of the work of the Red Cross will not only contribute of their money, but of their time and effort, and it is all important. Just be- fore I left France a Frenchman, a prefect and a very charming gentleman, said: “We of France knew of your riches, we knew of your power, but it took the war to show us your heart.” Well, now, ladies and gentlemen, in these tragic weeks of the world's history, when all our associates are in the death struggle for freedom, when those who are fighting with us and for us along and back of the line are standing firm, let us show not only them, but our enemies as well, that there is yet in the world a power of love, a power of sympathy, a power of generosity, and a power of justice that must and shall re- establish the world for the benefit of man- kind. Relief for Serbians in Russia The War Council has appropriated the equivalent of 200,000 roubles—or $25,000, at the current rate of exchange—for the relief of certain Serbian refugees in Russia. These refugees are at Beirsk, Siberia, and are in a very destitute condition. Dr. William T. Peirce, who is in charge of a rolling canteen near Verdun reports that he served 950 hot drinks between 7.50 a.m. to 7.30 in the evening. Dr. E. Def. Miel has recently returned from a trip in connection with the installa- tion of recreational facilities in ARC hos- pitals. The Red Cross plans that the nurses and the personnel, as well as the patients, in all the hospitals, shall not lack for recreation. THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN 5 THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooDROW WILSON ROBERT W. DE FOREST President Vice-President e - e o tº e º te tº JoHN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JoBN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager • * * * * * * * * * * Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAVISON Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISs, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT • * e º e s tº e º e º º º ELIOT WADsworth A Supplement The returns of the war fund drive to date, from the various divisions, are printed in a supplement to this issue of THE BULLETIN. The message of King Albert of Belgium, ea pressing his gratitude and that of his peo- ple for the work of the American Red Cross, was directed to President Wilson : I would not fail to take the opportunity afforded me by the second appeal for funds in favor of the American Red Cross to ex- press to you all my people’s gratitude for the splendid generosity displayed by the American nation toward the army and the civil population of Belgium. Both the ma- terial help given and the friendship of your great nation will always be remembered. I am glad to say how useful the work done by Colonel Bicknell, Major Van Schaick, and the commission for Belgium, has already been, and to pay a tribute to their valuable and efficient activity. The relationship be- tween our peoples cemented in this time of suffering will strengthen confidence, sympa- thy and good-will, and increase the devotion of every citizen of the allied countries to the sacred cause of liberty and justice. ALBERT. President Wilson replied: Your Majesty’s generous message has been read with deep pleasure and apprecia- tion, and I beg to assure you that nothing that the American Red Cross or the body of my fellow citizens have done has been done more truly from the heart than the aid, all too little, which they have been able to ren- der the gallant and suffering people of Bel- gium. We feel our common dependence with them upon the full vindication of the cause of freedom. WooDROW WILSON. Army and Navy Nurse Corps Need 15,000 Additional Nurses Be- fore January 1, 1919 And now it is a drive for fifteen thousand additional nurses for the Army and Navy before the first of the new year. The drive begins Monday, June 3d, and continues for ten days. The requirements of the Army and Navy are set forth in two letters: . Surgeon General Gorgas of the U. S. Army thus ea presses himself: The Office of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army. May 25, 1918. The American Red Cross, Washington, D. C. I am informed that on the third of June it is the intention of the Red Cross to start a drive for nurses in the Army. The American Red Cross is the great recruiting agency for Army nurses, and through this agency I wish to appeal to the nurses of the country to enroll for service in the Nurses’ Corps of the Army. The need of a great number of nurses is acute, and any assistance that the Red Cross can render the Department in obtaining for the Army Nurse Corps the number of nurses required will be a service to the country. W. C. GoRGAs, Surgeon General U. S. Army. Surgeon General Braisted of the U. S. Navy writes as follows: Washington, D. C., May 28, 1918. To the American Red Cross: Never before in history has there been such a great opportunity for the nursing profession to come forward and render the greatest service possible to mankind in car- ing for the sick and wounded. A large num- ber of nurses will be required not only im- mediately but for some time after the war has ended to restore to health, comfort and usefulness the maimed and injured who have suffered because of the enormous struggle now being waged in Europe. The nursing profession of the country is called upon in the same way as is the medical profession to render the utmost service of which it is capable. Trained personnel is necessary for suc- cess. It is not only the duty but also man- datory that every trained nurse who is capable of serving should come forward at this time and take up that part of the bur- den which is hers. Several thousand nurses are needed to wait upon the personnel of the Navy at the very large Naval Hospitals in this coun- try as well as several Naval Base Hospitals in European waters. Unless the personnel of the Navy receive adequate medical and nursing attention, the control of the seas must suffer. I therefore urge all women nurses of training and experience who are physically and professionally capable of rendering service to come forward and en- roll for duty. Preliminary enrollment has been placed in the hands of the American Red Cross. Under Congressional law, offi- cers of the Navy are authorized to accept civil assistance from this great humanita- rian organization which has to date so ca- pably fulfilled its purpose. (Signed) W. C. BRAISTED, Surgeon General, U. S. Navy. To supply this acute need for Army nurses reported by Surgeon General Gorgas and to enroll, additional nurses for the Navy Nurse Corps, as requested by Surgeon Gen- eral Braisted, the American Red Cross will start on Monday, June 3d, an intensive campaign of ten days to enroll graduate nurses eligible for military service and to encourage high School and college gradu- ates to become student nurses in the Army school of nursing and in municipal and other hospitals. In view of this need for nurses the Di- rector of Nursing of the Red Cross has advanced this drive for nurses from June 10th to June 3rd. The primary purpose is to add before January 1st more than fif- teen thousand additional nurses to the Army and the Navy Nurse Corps which already have secured more than ten thousand mili- tary nurses through the agency of the Red Cross. This is believed to be the largest number of graduate nurses ever mo– bilized for any army. Every Nurse to be Reached Every division of the Red Cross, all com- mittees on Red Cross nursing service and each Red Cross Chapter throughout the United States will have an active part in this campaign to enroll nurses in the Red Cross for assignment, as needed, to military and other public service. Within ten days, beginning June 3rd, it is planned to reach every nurse who has graduated from a recognized training school for nurses and to bring before the students in hospital training schools the immediate needs of the Army and Navy. In addition, posters, ban- ners and moving pictures and other pub- licity will be utilized and a host of speak- ers employed to bring home to the general public this need for nurses for our soldiers and sailors, with the direct object of en- 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN couraging civilians not to employ trained nurses unnecessarily and to utilize hospitals as far as possible. Direct appeals will be made to the grad- uates of women's colleges and high schools to enroll at once as student nurses in hos- pitals and especially in the Army School of Nursing recently established by the Army in connection with military hospitals. This Army School of Nursing offers women the opportunity of nursing sick and wounded men in military hospitals and at the same time of completing a course of training that will enable them to become graduate nurses. Home Defense Nurses To prevent any serious shortage of skilled nurses to care for civilian sick in American cities, every married nurse or nurse not now engaged in active nursing and not eligible for Army service, will be urged to enroll with the Red Cross as Home Defense Nurses for assignment for a few hours daily or weekly to nursing neighbors in emergencies, and to nursing in hospitals, dispensaries, baby saving stations and similar activities. Others will be needed to assist in carrying on the work of district, visiting or public school nurses. By such volunteer work, these additional nurses will render local service and at the same time will relieve from civilian duty many others needed Sorely in military and naval establishments. These nurses in addition are to be asked to enroll for emergency service in local disasters which call suddenly for a large number of Ill II’SeS, If all civilians who need skilled nursing are to have care, it is important, the Red Cross points out, that as few nurses as pos- sible be employed for all their time to care for a single patient. The public, therefore, is to be urged to employ an individual trained nurse only in case of real necessity and to utilize visiting nurses or hospitals wherever they are accessible. These meas- ures, together with part time service of married nurses, it is believed, will go far to provide adequate nursing service for the civilian population of the United States. Public Must Adjust Itself If the nurses and the public generally are willing to make such adjustments as may be necessary, the Red Cross believes that it will be able to recruit sufficient nurses for military duty without endangering the health of the communities or disturbing the supply of nurses for the future. The Red Cross recognizes that it is imperative to maintain the teaching and executive staffs of schools for nurses that there may be no interruption in the supply of graduate nurses and that economical nursing may be available at the present time for the civilian sick. It realizes, also, the necessity of safe- guarding to the utmost the health of the community through the service of Public Health nurses. The Red Cross nevertheless is urging the enrollment of all nurses with the under- standing that those vitally needed to main- tain local nursing activities, shall be allowed, with the consent of the military authorities, to continue in their present positions as a patriotic service. War Council Provides for Care of Destitute Russians in Switzerland The sum of $75,000, or its equivalent 300,- 000 Swiss francs at the present rate of ex- change, has been appropriated by the War Council to be expended through the Central Committee of the Society of Russian Cit- izens and two other societies in Switzerland, under the supervision of the A.R.C. repre- sentative in Switzerland, for the relief of sick or needy Russians in Switzerland. Mr. Taylor, the Red Cross representative at Berne, cabled that the assistance was des– perately needed. He said that there were probably some 6,000 Russians in Switzer- land,-many of them people of education, who, before the revolution, lived there on incomes received from Russia. Of these a considerable number were students. There were also many women and children. The revolution has prevented these people from receiving money from Russia. Their resources in Switzerland have gradually dwindled until with many it is a question of food and shelter. Until recently the Rus- sian legation,--which belongs to the Keren- sky régime, has given aid to the most des- perate cases but is no longer in a position to do so. Some of these Russians work in factories and others in the fields. Many, however, are old and unaccustomed to physical labor. At least 2,000 are utterly destitute. Of these 1,000 are ill, of whom a large proportion have tuberculosis. The Swiss Red Cross would have helped these Russians but it lacked funds. This money is considered a sufficient sum to relieve the most needy cases for a period of three months. Has Lucas, Kas., the Record? The city of Lucas, Kansas, claims that, in proportion to its population, it has the largest active Red Cross membership, of any city in the world. Work of the Red Cross is Indispen- sible, Says Gen. Pershing The following is the cabled statement from Gen. Pershing: General Headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces. Our people may be well proud of the record of the Red Cross. The wonderful story can hardly be told in words. It could best be told by the widows and orphans of our gallant allies and by the mutilated sol- diers to whom it has ministered. In giving prompt and efficient relief the Red Cross has won the eternal gratitude of millions of people. The armies of France, from commanders down, testify to the great good it has accomplished. With our rapidly increasing forces in France, the care of our own men now be- comes the most important object of our so- licitude. In this great work the Red Cross is indispensable. - (Signed) PERSHING. Two telegrams, the first from the Duchess of Devonshire, wife of the Governor-General of Canada, and the second from Sir Robert L. Borden, Prime Minister of the Dominion, which were to have been read on “Canada Night,” were unfortunately delayed in trans- mission. They read as follows: As President of the Canadian Red Cross Society may I ask you to convey to the Allied Meeting our most grateful appre- ciation of the splendid assistance which the United States has given to us. The knowl- edge that we are working in such close and active cooperation is a great encouragement to us all and will in the most me, . Red de- gree help to strengthen the ties of nutual sympathy and respect between the two Countries. Every N DEvoNSHIRE. The Prime Minister says: The splendid activities of the American Red Cross Society throughout the war have been observed in Canada with great admi- ration. The magnificent gift of $500,000 re- cently made by them to the Canadian Red Cross was deeply appreciated, and the gen- erous project to set aside a day during the present campaign in Washington as Cana- dian Day can not be forgotten here. On behalf of the people of Canada, I send warm greetings to their comrades in arms, the people of the United States, and heartiest wishes for success of American Red Cross Fund. - R. L. BoBDEN. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 The Making of New Faces is Akin to the Miracle of Restoring the Dead to Life FROM LE PETIT REPUBLIC That which Dr. Carrel could not do, Mme. Maynard Ladd has accom- plished to lessen the misery of our wounded. . . . I was asked: “Do you want to assist in a miracle? Do you want to see those who were dead restored to the joys of life? Go and see Mme. Maynard Ladd tº I went, armed with all the scepticism of which I am capable, but there I was just the same, to seek information, in the interest of my professional duty or perhaps, because I had nothing else to do. It was in a peace- ful corner of the “quartier Montparnasse,” rue Notre Dame des Champs, quiet and provincial. At the number to which I had been directed, I found a quaint little house almost lost among the trees and vines. This was it ! I followed a pathway through an arbor covered with Chinese glycin, mounted three Steps and there affixed to the door was a prospectus of the American Red Cross reading: “Mme. Maynard Ladd, Artist and Sculptor.” I knocked and a young voice, well modulated, in which I detected a de- cided Yankee accent, replied: “Come in.” And I entered the “workshop of mira– cles.” A young woman wearing a blue Smock came towards me, hand outstretched: “I am Mme. Ladd. You come for the ‘mutiles,’ do you not? Very well, then; come and see.” The Indescribable Masks And the Small hand waved me into a vast, Sunny room. There arranged in rows, like Some form of nightmare, were the inde- scribable masks. How shall I tell of them? Things without name; faces that appeared to have been eaten by some horrible acid; faces of which nothing was left; noses that no mouth underlined—nothing. It was not deformity, for deformity has in itself form; no, it was chaos, nothing! My heart leaped for I had not known of this dread thing, this mortal anguish. I know I must have turned horribly pale and I turned instinctively away. And there, along the opposite wall were the other masks—calm, beautiful with the bright loveliness of youth. Such is the wonderful work of Mme. Ladd. The talented artist, with a few strokes of her deft thumb, has modeled these images after a random photograph, an ordinary post-card picture or a snapshot, or one taken on a fête day by an “artiste photographe” in Poitu or Languedoc. And these smiling visages, into which she has put all the force of her talent, her will and her infinite good- ness, are replicas of those that yesterday blossomed like the flowers and today are objects of horror, ghastly beyond the de- scription of my pen. - My glance roved from one wall to the other—from the inferno on one side to the Paradise opposite. Mask of Copper Silver Plated “These youthful masks,” said my hostess, show the features of the ‘mutile’ before he had been wounded. From these moulds, the silver masks are made, or to be exact, masks of copper, silver plated. When finished, they bear a perfect resemblance to the wearer and permit him to Vivre dans la vie (live among the living) with his de- formities absolutely unnoticed. Complete, the masks weigh no more than 120 grams. The artist handed me a finished mask that had been made for a woman whose face had been badly disfigured by fire. It was so real, almost alive, that even in the eyes I could distinguish nothing abnormal save the tiny orifice left for the living pupil. And while I stood there silent, unable to form an opinion or essay a vague compli- ment, my hostess spoke: - “They are fine, are they not? But it is nothing, for see how lovely, how noble our soldiers are 1 No, you say much when you say nothing! One who essayed to appear on the street for the first time, wearing his mask, later said to me: “At last I can go out and now they do not stare at me!’” And as if to give proof of her words, two sol- diers, horribly disfigured, entered and donned their masks. What a transfigura- tion 1 One dared not hope for such a miracle! And as they set there before me, Smoking, chatting, playing cards, I could not tell, though I scrutinized them carefully, where the metal commenced and the human flesh ceased 1 Mme. Ladd is a great artist, member of the Society of American Sculptors. She has studied in Paris and Rome and her suc- cessful pieces, photographs of which hang in the atelier, are numerous. An English Sculptor the Genius “The method I employ,” she said, “is not my own invention; it is the genius of an English sculptor, Captain Derwent Wood, of Hospital No. 2, London. The process follows three distinct stages: (1) the taking of a plaster cast of the face; (2) the mak- ing of a mask in the image of a photograph taken prior to the wounds; (3) the making of the silver plated copper mask. After the third operation, which is taken care of by the House of Christofle with a zeal, de- votion and steadfastness that I can not too highly praise, the mask is returned to me and it is then my task, and a delicate one, to apply to the metal the colors of the liv- ing model in such a way that a perfect re- semblance will result. The entire process of manufacture occupies from twenty to twenty-five days. The price of each mask is 100 fr. ($20) and they are bought by the American Red Cross. I desire nothing more than that they send me all the ‘mutiles’ who have suffered dis- figurement to their face. To all those whom Mars has marked with his terrible scar, my house is open wide, to those who are already classed as ‘reformes' as well as to those still with the colors. I want them to come without fear, without thinking of what they will do while the masks are being made— but only that they come, that they all come ! Say that in your paper.” I have executed your commission, madame. And now permit me to say the words that your modesty made me withhold. Certainly I know, madame, in what terms our com- patriots, unhappy yesterday, happy today, thanks to you, will bring their testimony of eternal gratitude. I know, too, your prodi- gal and divine talent. Have I not ad- mired the “Eau qui dort” that you modeled under the shells? And the hundred pieces, each one exquisite and precious, that adorn your atelier? But you have done far, far more than that, madame, you have created “Life” and “Joy.” Thanks to you, the despairing take new heart; the damned are imbued with new hope; to old mothers and youthful sweet- hearts mourning in the distant villages, their men will soon return with the faces loved of old. What sculptor among the greatest of earth has ever accomplished such a superhuman work? And in what words can we ever render our thanks? I too, am dumb, madame, but I salute you with a respect, a piety, a fervor that holds all that can not be expressed by those who, like myself, love the beauty and good- ness that you have put into your work. To Rebuild Wall of China The following telegram from Milwaukee to H. P. Davison tells its own story: “Milwaukee having exceeded its allotment nearly fifty per cent, claims also the biggest and most original Red Cross liar in a man who refused to contribute because the money. is to be used to rebuild the Wall of China. We offer him for Museum of Freaks.” 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Explains War Gifts of Rockefeller Foundation John D. Rockefeller, Jr., at the luncheon of the Red Cross Team Captains at the Chamber of Commerce in New York City, in reporting the contribution of $3,000,000 on the part of the Rockefeller Foundation to the War Fund of the American Red Cross, added this interesting information: “Last year the Rockefeller Foundation contributed $5,000,000 to the Red Cross campaign, which was a part of a total amount which it pledged to war enterprises during the year of $11,000,000, in round figures. Since the annual income of the Foundation is about $6,500,000, the greater part of which is already pledged to the support of various enterprises, educational, health, etc., which the Foundation itself is carrying on in various parts of the world, it was able to make these war appropria- tions only by intrenching upon its principal to the extent of $5,000,000 and by reason of the generosity of its Founder, who placed $5,500,000 of additional funds in its hands. “The Trustees were led to make this large contribution to the first campaign, because the Red Cross, reorganized on a war basis, was only in its infancy; because its sub- scribing membership was but two hundred thousand; and because of the seemingly impossible sum which it was necessary to raise. Obviously, the Trustees of the Foun- dation are not in a position to renew a con- tribution of this size or anything approach- ing it, nor is such a gift necessary even if it were possible, for today the Red Cross has a record of achievement which is unprece- dented; its membership is twenty-three mil- - lions; and as a result of its wise and effi- cient management, it has won the complete confidence and is entitled to the fullest sup- port of the American people. “The contribution which the Foundation has voted to make is considerably in excess of the amount which its resources for the current year would justify, and is made possible only by a gift from the Founder to cover the excess amount. As Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Foundation, I take pleasure in reporting to the Corpora- tion Team for inclusion in its receipts a pledge from the Foundation of $3,000,000.” Baron Broqueville, Prime Minister of Bel- gium, more than ea presses the gratitude of Free and Enslaved Belgium in the follow- ing cablegram: Belgians driven out of their country, de- prived of their belongings, have found in American Red Cross a powerful and gen- erous organization which never fails to al- leviate every misery in a friendly and deli- cate way. Men, women, children, soldiers or civilians all are equally well cared for by American Red Cross and are objects of the same attention on its part. It has a splen- did understanding of the sufferings of a na- tion of which one can say it has lost every- thing except honor and except hope. Ameri- can Red Cross is untiring in its devotion, and its spirit of self-sacrifice works wonders both morally and materially. No pen can begin to convey an idea of the scope of its activities. Our hearts are filled with un- bounded gratitude and it is with admiration and respect that we salute the American Red Cross. Surviving U. S. Army Officers and Men From Torpedoed Moldavia Cared For The following cablegram dated May 28th, has been received at National Headquarters from the American Red Cross Commis- sioner to England: Immediately on notice from Army head- quarters American Red Cross representa- tive visited Port (English) where Moldavia survivors landed. Four hundred men were supplied with toilet articles, comforts and tobacco. Three men in hospital slightly in- jured were visited. Another man died in hospital, funeral May 28. We cooperated with army in funeral arrangements. We sup- plied medical officer in charge of detachment with medical and surgical supplies. Twenty officers lost their entire outfits. We advanced these men fifty pounds each, under same arrangement as in case of Tus- cania. These officers will visit London and receive additional necessary supplies from American Red Cross, and assistance in mak- ing purchases. Officers and men as well as General commanding greatly pleased with American Red Cross assistance. A. R. C. Medical Libraries on This War in Paris. The medical library of the American Red Cross will be transferred to No. 12 Place Vendome. Here are collected all the books and periodicals in both French and English, bearing on the medicine and surgery of the war, used for the purposes of research and study. The library is open from nine A.M. until noon and from two o'clock until six, Sundays excepted. The first return at National Headquarters on the Second War Fund drive was a cable- gram from Hawaii. Each Unit of Our Army Abroad May Adopt and Care for a French Orphan The Stars and Stripes, official journal of the American Expeditionary Forces, has proposed lately to each unit of General Per- shing's Army, Infantry, Battery and Esca- drille, to adopt a French War Orphan and give 500 francs a year until the majority of the child. Sixty-four adoption papers were pre- sented to the Bureau of Newspapers and to the Committee of the American Red Cross; the Aviation Division has adopted 19 Orphans. One Division has sent to the news- paper 1,750 francs for two orphans and also provision for two others. A letter accom- panying one of these requests reads as follows: “We are very happy that you permit us to contribute and adopt so many orphans. We feel that this is a very slight restitution to France for all that we Owe her.” Each unit is collecting so as to have a little French chilld as a mascot. Most of the requests specify age and how tall the child shall be, and very often the color of the hair and eyes. In the presence of so many thousand little children, the Red Cross Committee has rather a task to answer all these requirements. —From Le Temps, May 2, 1918. Some Soldiers in France insisted Upon Subscribing to Second War Fund - The following cablegram from the Paris Headquarters of the Red Cross was re- ceived, last week, at National Headquarters. It was not given out as news because the Red Cross was fearful of its effect as an easample since it does not favor subscriptions to its War Fund by soldiers or sailors: “Herewith please find check for Frs. 5000, a contribution from officers and enlisted men of Third Aviation Instruction Center. The Red Cross has done so much for this camp that we wish to show our appreciation by sending this modest contribution to fur- ther your good cause. Signed by Major Commanding.” At Center referred to the American Red Cross maintains baths, laundry, canteen for officers and men, disinfecting plant, tailor and mending shop, barber shop, technical aviation library, and has supplied soldiers many other comforts and recreations, in- cluding printing press used to issue camp newspaper; also three rest stations at out- lying fields. HV S-73 a 4. ſun A 1918 ºf : * ČED C ROSS BULLETIN . AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II JUNE 10, 1918 No. 24 British Gift to American Red Cross of 500-Bed Hospital in Windsor Park A fully equipped hospital of five hundred beds, to be located in Windsor Great Park, has been offered to the American Red Cross by the joint committee of the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John, and the offer has been accepted by the American Red Cross through William Endicott, com- missioner to Great Britain. The following cablegram, stating the details of this gen- erous gift, was received at the National Headquarters of the American Red Cross, dated London, June i. - “At a meeting of the joint committee of the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John, held this day, a motion was made by Her Royal Highness Princess Christian, sec- onded by Mr. Risdale, and supported by Sir Herbert Perrott, that this Committee hereby offer to the American Red Cross a fully equipped hospital of five hundred beds which, by the gracious permission of His Majesty, the King, will be created in Wind- sor Great Park and which it is hoped to complete and hand over early in the autumn. “The Joint War Committee in asking the American Red Cross to accept this gift de- sire to mark their admiration of the de- voted work which the American Red Cross performs for the cause of humanity and at the same time their gratitude for the gen- erous help and warm-hearted cooperation which the American Red Cross extended to the British Joint War Committee in Red Cross effort common to both nations.” On receipt of the above cablegram, and as an earnest of appreciation, in addition to Major Endicott's formal acceptance of the gift, Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council, cabled the following message for transmission to the British joint war committee: “The action of the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John in offering to the American Red Cross a fully equipped hos- pital of five hundred beds, to be located in Windsor Great Park, is received with pro- found gratitude and appreciation. The fact that the English people want to make such provision for the care of sick and wounded American soldiers and that such hospitality is to be extended to them in the delightful country estate of your King, will prove an- other means of cementing the ties of friend- ship and sympathy between the two peo- ples. Will you please be kind enough to convey to His Majesty an expression of the appreciation of the American Red Cross for his gracious act? “No country whose people are so thought- ful and generous as to provide such care for American soldiers and sailors can be con- sidered as really a foreign land.” At a meeting of the War Council on June 4, the acceptance of the gift was ratified, and appreciation of the action of the British committee was voted. German Great Headquarters Report on Bombing of Hospitals [Not Wholly Imaginary] Berlin, June 6.—The official statement from German general headquarters says: “There were successful raids on Red Cross hospitals behind the American lines in Picardy on the 29th ult. Enemy nurses were compelled to retire to cellars and caves, carrying such of their wounded patients as they were able to save. Civilians and babies in surrounding private houses met sanguinary losses from the bombs of our airmen. “On the morning of the 30th, pressing our great successes earlier in the week, when hospitals back of the British lines were bombed with losses among staffs and patients of many score, we attacked success- fully a Canadian hospital. Large Red Cross signs made the target plain for our un- erring bombers. An American surgeon, per- forming an operation, was among the killed. “On the night of the 31st our gallant airmen made a surprise attack on British hospitals which had been bombed on the 19th, inflicting severe losses on sisters and patients, and retiring to base without casualty. The aim of our heroic fliers was made certain by a flare lighted by an im- perial ace at great personal risk. “While attacking hospitals at Villers- Cotterets, where five women nurses and can- teeners were killed, German aviators were treacherously fired upon by French aces. Five German machines were maliciously de- stroyed.” Nursing Drive Gives Attention to Civilian Needs as Well as Military The campaign to enroll Red Cross nurses for assignment to the Army and Navy Nurse Corps and for public health service was progressing satisfactorily throughout the nation as this issue went to press. The Department of Nursing expects that the twenty thousand additional nurses needed by the Army and Navy before January 1st will be obtained and without undue inter- ference with the hospitals and other agen- cies rendering needed nursing service to our civilian population. The phase of the campaign to encourage women to become student nurses, and, by caring for the civilian sick, prepare them- Selves for military service in the future, was stimulated greatly by the establishment of the Army School of Nursing. This school with headquarters in Washington will ac- cept graduates from high schools and col- leges, between twenty-one and thirty-five years of age, and in good physical condi- tion. Applicants who in addition have com- pleted the course in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick conducted by the Red Cross will be given special con- sideration. By helping to care for sick and wounded soldiers in the various military hospitals the student nurses will gain experience in sur- gical and medical nursing, in eye, ear, throat and nose work and in nervous and mental diseases. Experience in other phases of nursing will be provided through affiliations with civil hospitals. The Director of the Department of Nursing of the American Red Cross is ea:-officio to be a member of the Advisory Council of the school. Upon the establishment of this army School the campaign to interest women in taking up nursing was redirected imme- diately and special emphasis placed on the opportunities for direct military service offered by this institution. Steps are to be taken to bring this opportunity to the at- tention of all who have taken the Red Cross courses. Appeals pertaining to the nursing drive issued by Surgeon General Gorgas, of the Army and Surgeon General Braisted, of the 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Navy, were printed in THE BULLETIN of last week. Important statements from other sources are presented here with. Secretary of War Baker ea pressed the needs of the situation as follows: Washington, D. C., June 5. To THE AMERICAN RED CRoss: The greatest humanitarian duty which we owe our Army, once it has been armed, sheltered, clothed and transported, is to con- serve its health and vitality, and bind up the wounds which unhappily but inevitably must come to it. That this service shall be performed most effectively and most speed- ily it is necessary (1) that hospitals con- tinue their cooperation in releasing to per- manent military service whatever members of their staffs may be spared without peril to their clientele; (2) that training schools continue to adapt themselves to increasing numbers of students; (3) that civil commu- nities be more and more watchful in en- forcement and promotion of measures for safeguarding public health; (4) that indi- viduals who have been used to employing private duty nurses in their homes should rely whenever possible upon hospitals and visiting nurses agencies which permit one nurse to care for a number of patients. Only by such conscientious and concentrat- ing cycle of effort shall we be able to send an adequate supply of trained and equipped nurses to our cantonments and base hospi- tals, and at the same time guard the well- being of the civil population. NEWTON D. BAKER, Secretary of War. Mrs. Mary C. C. Bradford, president of the National Education Association, has is- sued the following “Commencement Call” which is being sent to women's high schools in all parts of the United States: Denver, Colo., June 5, 1918. To THE AMERICAN RED CROSS: High school graduates can perform no greater service than by entering the army and other training schools of nurses im– mediately upon the close of the school year. The hosts of nurses behind the line and in camps and hospitals must be regarded as the sacred corps of the grand army of humanity. As President of the National Education Association it will make me glad and proud to know that the girls produced by public school training are rallying to the cause of liberty by answering this first call to service. The crusaders of today are the men and women who are fighting to defeat barbarism and save the world to civilization. The knighthood of all the allied countries is fighting the great battle of ideals by means of gallant deeds. The sacrifice they make must be matched by the sacrifice of the forces whose mission it is to save and heal. Girls of America, join the crusade 1 En- list as nurses to help win the war. Give battle to the cruelty of the Hun by the merciful ministration of the soldiers of humanity. Victory may depend upon the successful enlistment of a large nursing army. Be of it! Help to lead it! Say in the names of the schools of America, “They shall not pass.” Give this message to the girls of America as the fondest hope and the deepest desire of the great organization that is the heart of the teaching profession of the United States. MARY C. C. BRADFoED, President National Education Association. Miss Annie W. Goodrich, the newly ap- pointed dean of the Army School of Nurs- ing, which will train student nurses in con- nection with the military hospitals, sends this message: - Washington, D. C., June 3, 1918. To THE AMERICAN RED CRoss: To every member of our profession a call goes out today that permits of no hesitation in the response. Each and every one of us is needed. Where our service can best be rendered, abroad, in the great military hos- pitals of our training camps or in the civil community is in great measure left for each of us to decide. Let us immediately make our decision and then throw ourselves, mind and body, to the task which that field brings. To every young woman free to give her time and strength goes an appeal for our sick and wounded men and from the sick in our civil community that should com- mand her highest service and that service is most immediately and fully rendered through the training schools of our army or civil hospitals. We know that our young women will answer as nobly to this call of their country as their brothers have. ANNIE W. GooDRICH, Dean of the Army School of Nursing. Large shipments of American Red Cross bandages and garments have been received regularly from Japan. The Yokohama Chapter averages four cases monthly; the Kobe Chapter shipped nine cases in April, and the Tokio Women’s Branch eleven cases in March. Important Change in Requirements Regarding the Registration of Nurses Nurses who graduated from registered training schools prior to January 1, 1918, are made eligible as a war measure, for en- rollment as Red Cross nurses, through a modification of the requirements announced on the day the Red Cross nursing drive be- gan. This modification waives the technical requirements of registration with state ex- amination boards heretofore observed by the American Red Cross. Because of the de- mand for thousands of graduate nurses in the army nurse corps before January 1, the American Red Cross, as the chief recruiting agency for this corps, deemed it best to be in position to mobilize for patriotic nursing every graduate of a registered school. In announcing the change Miss Delano, direc- tor of the department of nursing service, said: “The present situation at the front makes it imperative that we hasten the enrollment of competent nurses for the armed forces in every way possible. We need thirty thou- sand competent nurses for the Army and Navy Nurse Corps by January 1, 1919, to care for our men at the front, and for the new millions to enter cantonments through the draft. These nurses must be supplied, and will be supplied as the surgeons gen- eral call for them. “The department of nursing realizes that the American Red Cross is confronted by a nursing problem which not only concerns the military establishment, but has a vital bear- ing on the health of civilians, including fam- ilies of soldiers. These general nursing needs of the nation it believes can best be met by mobilizing practically our entire nursing resources, by the enrollment of all graduates of registered schools whether they individually have registered or not. This will add important numbers of nurses to the rosters for assignment to military, public health and American Red Cross field or hospital service. With all such graduate nurses enrolled, the unusual needs of the Army and Navy can best be met without confusion and with the minimum readjust- ment in civil hospitals and public health nursing activities. Nurses can be assigned to classes of service for which they are es- pecially fitted, and many married nurses not registered can be induced to enroll for nurs- ing service in hospitals and dispensaries. “The change is directly in line with our previous extension of age limits, and with our practice of not requiring registration in enrolling graduate nurses for Red Cross home defense nursing.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooD Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIoT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager e e s tº as tº a c e & Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAVISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chairmam GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON JoBN D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSworTH Aftermath The second war fund drive was such a tremendous success that analysis of the The figures If the contributions had fallen below the hundred “returns” seems superfluous. tell their own story fairly well. million mark that was set, explanations nat- urally would have been in order. A seventy per cent over-subscription is, of itself, more eloquent and explanatory of the situation involved than any printed comment possibly could be. Nevertheless some thoughts are sug- gested which may not wholly lack perti- nency. In the first place the universal spirit of the drive, as reported by the campaign managers and as observed by others, indi- cates that no fears need be had with respect to funds it may be necessary to raise in the future for the cause of humanity and the cause which brought America into the world war. There is every reason to believe that if the people of the country had guessed there was a chance of going so far “over the top” as was the case in this drive, they would have added enough enthusiasm to their giving actually to have doubled the Original quota. As pointed out by the chairman of the War Council, the greatness of the achieve- ment lies in the number of contributors rather than in the size of the fund. Think of it! Out of a population of 103,739,000 there were more than 47,000,000 contribu- tors to the Red Cross fund. It means that almost one out of every two persons living under the American flag—men, women and children—was a money-giver. If it had been a head tax instead of a voluntary offering it would have meant practically $1.70 for every adult and every child. Twenty-nine states and territorial divi- sions showed per capita contributions ex- ceeding one dollar, and in many cases the per capita was nearer two dollars than one. Six States and the District of Columbia went above two dollars per capita, while Dela- ware’s per capita was nine dollars. Connec- ticut’s per capita was above three dollars, and the city of New York gave $5.67 for These are outstanding features that call for as every individual in its population. much consideration as the size of the pile that will relieve the suffering of war, for they mean as much as any given mass of money in the achievement of the final results. Let the message which enthuses us and rejoices our allies be carried to Potsdam. It is a message which will carry in other forms before it is threadbare: “America never does anything in a small way !” Division Managers in Conference at National Headquarters Red Cross division managers met in a four-day conference at national headquar- ters last week, with thirteen of the four- teen managers in attendance. Heads of dif- ferent departments and bureaus were called into the conference and discussed with the division men their particular work. Henry P. Davison presided at two of the round-table discussions. George E. Scott, assistant general manager, presiding at the other meetings. - Tuesday night those in attendance, to- gether with the heads of departments and bureaus at headquarters, were entertained at dinner by Mr. Davison at the Chevy Chase Club. F. E. Abbott and E. B. Greene repre- sented the Lake Division in the absence of Manager James R. Garfield. Others present in addition to the managers were Horace M. Swope, of St. Louis; Alan Wilson, of Philadelphia, and Col. William Cary Sanger, of Washington. The Hawaiian Chapter has made ship- ments of supplies averaging thirty-six cases a month since the United States entered the War. —i. Red Cross International Committee of Geneva Felicitated by Eliot Wadsworth Copies of Swiss newspapers just received contain accounts of the visit of members of the War Council of the American Red Cross to Italy during the spring months, de- voting considerable space to interviews on the work and aims of the organization. An interview with Eliot Wadsworth, vice- chairman of the Central Committee, is printed, in which a tribute is paid to the Red Cross International Committee of Geneva. Mr. Wadsworth is quoted as follows: “In this war that is causing so much suffering, the Red Cross International Committee of Geneva stands out as a bril- liant and finished work of humanity. Thanks to this organization, so well pre- pared and directed, first by M. Ador and now by M. Naville, its work has been like a ray of sunshine for the hundreds of thou- sands of families who otherwise would never have had news of their loved ones. This work, largely supported and conducted by the Swiss people, is one that the world will never forget. “The spirit of the Red Cross that was born in Switzerland in 1863 has assumed a scope and importance that will be endur- ing throughout this war. For us Americans, the Red Cross is not merely a society or an emblem; it is the incarnate spirit of the devotion of the people who are eagerly anxious to soothe the sufferings of the en- tire world. Switzerland is now and will always be the heart of this great movement that will grow in greatness and solidarity in the years to come. Your country may be justly proud of the assistance given to the people of all nations during the terrible time through which we are passing.” Dr. Bailey Resigns and is Succeeded by Dr. Shipley Dr. Walter C. Bailey, secretary of the medical advisory committee of the American Red Cross, and director of the bureau of medical service of foreign commissions, has resigned those positions to undertake work in France for the Rockefeller Commission on Tuberculosis. His successor in both posi- tions with the Red Cross will be Dr. Alfred E. Shipley, recently secretary of the depart- ment of health of New York City. The resignation of Dr. Bailey was ac- cepted with regret by the War Council, on the understanding that he will continue as a member of the medical advisory committee and will represent it in Europe. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Revised Returns From war Fund Drive Swell Total to $168,628,907; Percentages and Per Capita Amounts The following table of revised figures on the second war fund drive of the American Red Cross, by divisions and states, shows the total of contributions to be more than $2,000,000 in excess of that shown in the table printed in last week’s issue of THE BULLETIN. As the count continues the figures keep growing. In addition to the quotas and returns the subjoined table gives the percentage of the quota contributed in each state and division, and the amounts per capita, based on the returns now in hand: * The quotas are those assigned by the National Headquarters. In some instances state quotas were changed *Quotas Returns 2nd 2nd War Fund War Fund Atlantic Division. New Jersey. . . . . . $3,000,000 $6,104,000 Connecticut . . . . . 2,000,000 4,250,000 New York (state) 5,000,000 9,838,092 Division total. . $10,000,000 $20,192,092 Metropolitan Div. - New York City... $24,000,000 $33,455,764 Central Division. Illinois . . . . . . . . . $8,000,000 $9,020,000 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200,000 2,234,000 Nebraska . . . . . . . 800,000 2,300,000 Wisconsin . . . . . . 1,300,000 2,250,000 ‘Michigan . . . . . . . . 2,500,000 5,000,000 Division total. . $13,800,000 $20,804,000 Gulf Division. Alabama . . . . . . . $400,000 $1,299,154 Louisiana . . . . . . . 650,000 1,935,854 Mississippi . . . . . . 250,000 898,788 Division total. $1,300,000 $4,133,796 Lake Division. Indiana . . . . . . . . . $2,200,000 $2,613,488 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000,000 7,782,520 Kentucky . . . . . . . 1,200,000 2,045,000 Division total. . $9,400,000 $12,441,008 Mountain Div. Wyoming . . . . . . . $100,000 $350,044 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . 350,000 612,700 Colorado ... . . . . . . 800,000 1,904,521 New Mexico.... 100,000 254,786 Division total. . $1,350,000 $3,122,051 Northern Divsion. Montana ... . . . . $300,000 $445,513 Minnesota . . . . . . 1,500,000 3,135,705 North Dakota.... 200,000 575,000 South Dakota.... 200,000 375,000 Division total... $2,200,000 $4,531,218 New England Div. • Maine . . . . . . . . . . $500,000 $830,000 New Hampshire.. 250,000 513,000 Vermont . . . . . . . . 00,000 279,000 Massachusetts ... 5,000,000 8,334,000 Rhode Island. . . . '700,000 1,144,000 Division total. $6,650,000 $11,100,000 *Percentage Amount Of Quota 203 213 199 *-*. 205 139 113 183 288 174 200 mºsºmsºmº-º-º: 151 325 298 359 318 119 130 170 smºs-ºs-ºs- 132 350 175 238 255 231 149 208 288 188 206 166 202 139 167 163 167 Per Capita $2.03 3.36 2.16 $228 $5.67 $1.45 1.00 1.79 .89 1.62 $1.25 ... * *- ~~~ $.55 1.04 ..45 **** $67 $92 1.49 ,85 * $1.11 $1.89 1.38 1.93 .61 $1.53 $.92 1.36 .75 .52 $106 $1.07 1.13 .76 2.21 1.83 $1.84 Northwestern Div. Washington . . . . . Oregon Idaho Alaska e e g º e º 9 & © * * * * 8 m e º e s • Division total. . Pacific Division. California Nevada Arizona © e g & e º tº tº º e º e tº e º ſº Division total. . Pennsylvania Div. Pennsylvania .. Delaware & e º tº $ tº º Division total . . $12,000,000 Potomac Division. Dist. of Columbia Maryland Virginia West Virginia. . . Division total. . Southern Division. Florida Georgia North Carolina... South Carolina... Tennessee tº º sº g º O & Division total. . Southwestern Div. Texas . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas Kansas Oklahoma Missouri & e & gº # * > ge tº $ g º 'º £ 3 tº e e s e e º & & e º is e º e Division total.. Insular & Foreign Division . . . . Grand total. . . . . . $100,000,000 *Quotas Returns 2nd 2nd War Fund War Fund $1,000,000 $2,400,000 600,000 925,000 150,000 471,000 20,000 104,000 $1,770,000 $3,900,000 $3,500,000 $6,664,158 80,000 141,363 150,000 459,196 $3,730,000 $7,264,717 ... $11,000,000 $16,095,000 1,000,000 2,140,490 $18,235,490 $500,000 $1,157,789 1,300,000 1,817,201 1,000,000 1,636,718 500,000 1,209,342 $3,300,000 $5,821,050 $400,000 $786,282 800,000 1,236,510 750,000 1,167,808 300,000 1,069,905 700,000 1.748995 $2,950,000 6,009,500 $1,750,000 $4,533,894 500,000 891,883 , 1,000,000 2,599,237 1,000,000 2006,558 3,000,000 6,186,649 $7,250,000 $16,218,221 $300,000 $1,400,000 $168,628,907 Managers. The percentages are based on the original quotas as given. *Percentage Amount of Quota 240 154 314 520 **** 220 190 178 307 195 146 215 152 232 140 164 242 176 197 155 156 357 250 204 259 178 260 200 206 224 467 *mºsºmºsºs 169 Per Capita $1.56 1.07 1.06 1.60 $1.31 $2.20 1.27 1.73 $2.13 $1.86 9.95 $205 $2.89 1.32 .70 .90 . $1.63 by the Division. HV 5. "S sº ** *f; SS -º & K-º 3. º & & - *... . -- : ". .., . . . º: º,” º º º - § º , - ' *. º § º . gº WASHINGTON, D. C. RED CROSS ºf oi. II JUNE 17, 1918 No. 25 Stirring Account of American Red Cross Relief Work in Roumania, by Lieut.-Col. Anderson, Commission Head Henry Watkins Anderson, of Richmond, Va., American Red Cross commissioner to Rowmania, who, with members of his staff, has just returned home after a perilous Headquarters’ workers on Tuesday, June 11. The story of the Rowmanian mission forms one of the most thrilling chapters of hu- manitarian effort in the war's history. Por- tions of Mr. Anderson's intensely interest- ing narration are herewith appended. I can report nothing to you more gratify- ing than to say that I believe the American Red Cross mission to Roumania through the spirit of its staff of thirty-odd people has expressed the real spirit and purpose of the American Red Cross. They have lived through many fires. They have come through smiling. They have never com- plained. They have never hesitated to meet any condition that might arise and they have returned here ready for further work and, I believe, more enthusiastic to serve their country through this great agency or any other than when they left you a year ago. - You sent out eleven nurses; I believe you might have searched the world and not have sent better nurses. I traveled with them fifty-two days, over mountain roads and Russian rivers, and I never heard a cross word from them. I told them and I tell you, that these nurses have done more to re-establish, if necessary, or to confirm my admiration for American womanhood, which my mother implanted in me, than any ex- perience I could have in years. Found Awful Conditiºns We arrived in Roumania in September, 1917, and found the hospitals there with 40,000 patients in them from a recent offen- sive, short of medical supplies, short of nursing facilities, without the necessary sanitary arrangements, with beds made of bags filled with straw used over and over again, many not washed, with doctors largely overworked because 250 of their best doctors had died of typhus the winter before; and nursing was only such as could be given by the amateur nursing service of Roumania. journey, addressed the Red Cross National In this portion of Roumania there was a natural population of about 2,000,000 and there had been added 500,000 to 700,000 refugees, largely women and children. Dur- ing the winter preceding approximately 70,- 000 people had died of contagious diseases and perhaps 100,000 more from cold and exposure. Villages were overcrowded. Jassy, with a normal population of 60,000 to 70,- 000, was estimated to have a population of 200,000. Every corner was filled, every shed was filled. In the peasants’ cottages, with mud walls and thatched roof, with a living room usually ten feet square and possibly only six feet square, with perhaps a small room in addition, you would find living ten to twelve people. They were very poorly fed. Children Were Naked I have been in many cottages and found nothing in them, or only a broad board of wood, used at night as a cradle for the child, hung from the ceiling by ropes so it could be swung back and forth, and in the day time used for making their bread —a yellow corn meal mixture, - ground coarsely and mixed with cheese if they have it. It is a very sticky, very heavy and un- wholesome food. - - In mid-winter, with a climate similar to that of Montreal, you would go into a vil- lage in southern Roumania, and the children would run out to see you without any cloth- ing at all, or maybe only with a little cot- ton shirt; no shoes or stockings—pale, ema- ciated and obviously underfed. Of course, smallpox had broken out in the territory and was there when we left. Typhus re- mains and I have been in hospitals where there is a great deal of it, but it has been greatly reduced by sanitation and disinfec- tions in which our cooperation contributed in a large degree. If you can imagine thousands and thou- sands living in anything they could live in, without food, picking up what they could from the Army—our men report seeing children eating refuse in the road—many of them naked or practically so, with 40,000 people wounded in the hospitals, with the civil hospitals filled and the whole popula- tion underfed, it would give you a good idea of Roumania as we found it. Fifty Thousand Orphans - The Queen is technically head of the Red Cross, and technically head of the orphans’ society which reaches 18,000 of the 50,000 orphans in this territory. They were try- ing to feed them but without succeeding. The queen had her own hospital here, her own civilian relief, and her own canteens were open from 7.30 until 12 o'clock at night every day. Sunday included. She went out to cheer the soldiers in the trenches, and I saw her in the hospitals give 3,500 men individual presents in one afternoon. I have seen her visit the besides of over three thousand men in a hospital in one day. She never seemed tired. Here is a very beauti- ful and remarkable personality, and she held the Roumanian peasant in her hand. The people adore her. We determined upon our arrival to place our work under the general patronage of the Queen. We told her we would put our resources, our efforts, under her general direction and carry on our work with her advice. *g The first effort was to bring a shipment from Archangel of salt herrings which they said was the best food for them. We suc- ceeded in bringing through two trains of 58 cars in two weeks without the loss of a barrel of herrings and they all stood around in absolute astonishment that it could be done. We brought 110 carloads of food stuff into Jassy which they said it was im- ~ possible to do, and they had only gotten in three carloads before. We were getting in something like forty carloads a day when I left. We organized in sixty days a dis- tribution system of food by which we dis- tributed weekly to 30,000 people behind the lines. I don’t know how we did it except by working sixteen and eighteen hours a day. In the meantime we had our bags packed and ready to leave Roumania on 2 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN A& short notice. But I kept on buying Sup- plies and had our warehouse supplied, be- cause whether we stayed or not, we had to feed the people. In addition, we organized orphanages, where we were taking care of little children who had no homes at all, and no one to take care of them. We found children dying of starvation, many of whom we took to the hospital; and in a few weeks they would be the brightest, finest little children you ever saw, simply because they had been fed. Relief of All Kinds We supported work back of the line with the co-operation of the army. It was hard because we could not get motor cars and when we got motor cars we could not get gasoline, or the cars broke down and we could not get repairs. But we managed to do it by keeping at it all the time. For those we could not reach in any other way we established a canteen in Jassy. When we began to build the canteen in the center of the town, the poor people began to gather outside the gate of that place at three o'clock in the morning for a week be- fore the canteen was opened. We gave them bread and they got along until We opened the canteen. We then served 1,500 people a day in that canteen every day. We also gave them clothing and had a room where girls came and made clothes. When I left I left food enough to continue the work for three months under the direction of the Queen. We were feeding through canteens when I left—to say nothing of help to other institutions—about 30,000 or 40,000 people on regular rations or daily food supply. I decided I was going to clothe the chil- dren as far as we could go. I sent to Moscow to buy all the cloth possible and told them to draw on the Red Cross for the price. We bought about six carloads of cloth in Moscow and about twenty-four car- loads in Petrograd. We organized every school and community. They said they had no sewing machines or needles. We found fifty sewing machines at one place. I bought them up. I bought 100,000 hand sewing needles and 25,000 sewing machine needles. I put these machines out into com- munities and schools. There were refugees who wanted to work and I paid them five cents a garment to make garments—31,800 or $2,000 to make garments which would enable them to live. I even made cloth shoes with wooden bottoms. We made up and distributed about 80,000 garments, before I left there, for the poor children and women of Roumania. We left on hand about 10,000, and we left money to pay for the balance; and in another three weeks we would have distributed 100,000 garments to those refugees. I bought the thread in Moscow and also bought a half carload of buttons. In that way we man- aged. When we left I turned over $100,000 worth of supplies, medical, food and cloth- ing, to the Roumanian Red Cross, to be dis- posed of by the Queen. I left enough money to run the orphanage for a year, and enough food to carry on the canteen for three years, and asked that they carry on the work as long as possible in the name of the American Red Cross. We also left a large sum of money with the Queen in the name of the Red Cross. She broke down and wept. She had nothing herself and had even given away her own shoes, with only two pairs left, and was living in the simplest possible way; but wherever she lived it was royal. I motored with her to her village. She had a daughter of nine years, the brightest child I ever saw. We used to go out to the villages, and carried a camion along, loaded with sugar and butter, and we gave it to the people. We would take this stuff out to the village, and the children would run out in the street when they saw this little Princess. They were so naked it would be embarrassing to us here. My chauffeur would throw a robe around these children, it was so cold. We took the clothes out of the wagon and stood for two hours dress- ing the children right in the street. And we gave the people butter, fish and other food supplies. A Day With Queen Marie I will give you one day with the Queen. Suppose we take a day at Sarat, where some 15,000 refugees were located. We went down by train, taking her motors with us. We would go out and inspect our work at the orphanage and then go to the worst villages. She would go into the houses of these refugees, filled with vermin and with typhus, and take the children in her arms, and put her hand on the old people longing to go home to their little homes behind the lines, and give something to every single one of them. She would distribute clothing. I have seen five hundred children, every one of them almost naked or in rags, and I have seen her, with assistants helping, give each a skirt, for instance, with a waist and some other clothing for the girls. We left pack- ages of sugar and butter and they would go out with faces beaming. The Queen would go to some army head- quarters for lunch. In the afternoon she would continue her distribution through these villages, inspecting every house, and seeing that their needs were supplied. I cautioned her against the fever, but she said, “I never have anything, but if I do, my life belongs to my people.” We went on until seven o’clock, and she never stopped except for lunch. Then she motored twenty miles over the Carpathian mountains for a meeting with her army. We went through the Carpathian mountains at night, up through the clouds and above the clouds, and motored over roads never intended for motor cars. She had done that to please those soldiers, and until twelve o’clock, would stand around giving them cigarettes or photographs of herself, with her signa- ture, or little books which she wrote and had printed. I got the paper for many of them. The next morning she would be up at seven again, and that afternoon she would spend going through the hospitals. One day I was shocked when I walked into a ward where the faces were all black and I saw it was smallpox, and she went to every bed and gave every patient that had smallpox some gift. The Last Flag Down - The American minister said we must get out in December, as the conditions had be- come so dangerous. I said we were not going, and that I should assume the respon- sibility. I said we were not going to be the first to take down the American flag in Roumania, and I tell you the last flag to come down was over a hospital in Rou- mania—our Red Cross hospital. We failed in some things, but we did the best we could out there to carry your spirit, and the spirit which you are ex- pressing here, to people who did not know what America meant; who had never seen an American, and who stood and looked at us. We tried to express in that country the real heart of Amer- ica as the Red Cross is organized to express it, regardless of whether those peo- ple carry on the war or not, because they were suffering and because they had under- taken to become our allies in the great fight for liberty and justice. I believe we suc- ceeded in some extent, as people came to us and said ours was the only mission of which they had never heard one unkind thing said. They were grateful. They - learned to love America. They used to Say things about it that made a lump come in my throat. They spoke of it as the nour- ishing mother of their suffering people, and today the name is loved throughout that country, not through our merit, but through the merit of the great organization of the American Red Cross. THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN 3 Secretary of Navy Daniels and Gen. Ireland Add to the Appeals For Nurses The Secretary of the Navy has issued the following appeal for nurses to enroll with the Red Cross for service in the Navy Nurse Corps and to young women to enter hospital training schools: The Red Cross campaign for nurses is a matter of importance to every man or woman connected with the Navy, not only for the present crisis but for the future. We are learning, in the midst of war, that. the human material of these United States is its first asset, its dearest treasure. Noth- ing that we can do for the men and boys whom we are sending to the battle line in Europe can be too much. It is necessary for our own future as well as for the pres– ent need of those whom we have loved and sent, that we shall immediately increase the Legion of Life, the trained nurses in the great military and naval hospitals. The American Red Cross has undertaken to organize a great reserve of nurses pledged to answer the Surgeon General’s call whenever it may come, for a hundred, for a thousand, or for twenty thousand nurses. The Red Cross is managing the campaign, but the responsibility belongs with all of us. The nurses already trained must volunteer, the great public must take it easy for them to leave the care of the civil population and go into the military service, and for every trained nurse that volunteers we must send one or more young women into the hospital training schools, where the Red Cross nurses of the future are serving their country today and pre- paring for greater service in the years to COme. - Joseph Us DANIELS. General Merritt W. Ireland, Chief Sur- geon, American Ea'peditionary Force, in a cabled message from somewhere in France, says of the nursing situation: For every 25,000 soldiers landed in France the Army must have, at the lowest estimate, 400 nurses. This, however, allows for no extra emergencies and for no illness or fatigue on the part of the nurses. The Army Nurse Corps is meeting nobly the heavy demands made upon it in the last few weeks. Small groups of Red Cross nurses and aids in France who are not in the Army have by most heroic efforts cared for our men at points which the Army Nurses in this fourth year of war. could not reach, particularly in the French lines. This was done at the request of Army authorities and the Service de Sante. j it If the nursing profession and the Amer- ican women in, general could possibly be made to realize the unequaled opportunity for war service given to the nursing profes- sion and to that profession alone the Amer- ican Red Cross could enroll its 20,000 mili- tary nurses and fill the nursing Schools without difficulty. This is the responsibility and opportunity of the nursing profession first. If they fail it must become the re- sponsibility of the unskilled women. To Correct a Wrong Impression Enrolled nurses as soon as assigned by the American Red Cross to the Army or Navy Nurse Corps pass entirely beyond the Red Cross jurisdiction. As members of military units, they are paid by the Gov- ernment, wear Army or Navy nursing uni- forms and are under the orders of the medical staffs of the surgeons general. Be- cause all hospitals in war zones are marked with red crosses, some laymen have gained the very erroneous impression that all such hospitals are Red Cross institutions and that all nurses in them are Red Cross Ill II’SČS. The five large hospitals operated by the American Red Cross and the many COI).Va.-- lescent homes it is establishing for wounded or sick soldiers, are, like the many institu- tions for the civilian sick it maintains or aids in Europe, supplementary to and en- tirely distinct from the American Army and Navy field and base hospitals here and abroad. Belgian Minister of War Writes Appreciation of A. R. C. Work A cablegram from the American Red Cross Commissioner to France notes the fol- lowing message which recently came from General de Couninck, the Belgian minister of war: “The American Red Cross has rendered the Belgian army great and everlasting services. Everywhere at the front as well as at the rear, the work of the American Red Cross has exerted its beneficial in- fluence. The Belgian is able to realize that America is heart and soul behind him in his struggle for liberty. He is justry proud of it, and this feeling gives him new courage to continue the struggle until the final victory of the allied armies. We hold the support of the American Red Cross doubly precious I am happy to convey to the great and noble American nation my deepest thanks for their assist- ance.” - to Gréat Britain. Red Cross Aids Scottish Women’s Hospitals in Meeting Demands of German Drive The Scottish Women’s Hospitals for Home and Foreign Service, to which the American Red Cross has previously made contributions aggregating $175,000, have just been made the beneficiaries of an ad- ditional grant of $150,000 by action of the War Council. The grant will be payable in three installments of $50,000, on August 15, October 15, and December 15 of the present year. - Splendid and efficient work has been car- ried on by the Scottish Women's Hospitals from nearly the beginning of the European war; the work is widely known and recog- nized as of the highest importance and value. All of the previous contributions by the American Red Cross were made at the Suggestion of the Red Cross committee on co-operation, with the enthusiastic approval of Major Murphy, then Red Cross commis- Sioner to France, and by the commissioner As the society operating is practically a subsidiary of the British Red Cross the contributions were made through the latter organization. The recommendation for the additional grant was based on the fact that an enor- mous increase in the demands upon the hos- pitals, due to the present German offen- sive, had made necessary the installment of between 2,000 and 2,500 additional beds. The report of the committee on the work of the hospitals shows very clearly that they are being operated with great care and economy. - Commissioner Perkins Sends Reas- surance to Anxious Persons The following cablegram, dated Paris, June 7, was received at National Head- quarters from James H. Perkins, American Red Cross Commissioner for Europe: In view of personal cable inquiries in large numbers to our personnel, I believe it distinctly advisable that you reassure the public by the widest publicity that we are operating without disturbance, and that members of Red Cross and other relief or- ganizations are being given every thought- ful care as to their safety and welfare, and that no step will be left untaken to insure their protection in any emergency that may arise. Words can not express their un- failing devotion to duty; and while risks incident to the discharge of this duty must be taken, every precaution compatible with our obligations will be observed. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Taking Home Service to France By W. FRANK PERsons Director-General of Civilian Relief American Red Cross (Mr. Persons has just returned from France, where he established the Bureau of Home Service in the Red Cross organiza- tion in France.) When Home Service was in its beginnings emphasis was placed almost entirely on helping the soldier's or sailor's family at home to adjust its affairs to the new cir- cumstances and to see that it suffered no hardship or lowering of the standards of living by reason of the man’s enlistment. It was then and is now recognized that such service is essential to keep up the morale of the men. But as the first year of the War rolled around we came to see that home service must do more than this; that it must have its representatives with the soldiers and Sailors wherever they may be. These needs arise largely from the men themselves. We can not assume a passive attitude on their part, satisfied if all is go- ing reasonably well and patiently waiting for things to right themselves. Now we know that the interest of the soldier or Sailor is keen, that he wants to know all about what is happening at home, first, all the details about his family and then about his friends and his community generally. He wants to be kept in touch with local civic affairs and what is going on in his town and state. We are coming to see that this interest is a powerful support to a man's stamina. It keeps him sane and healthy. It braces him up to know that those with whom he has lived and who mean so much to him appreciate the sacrifice he is making. - The British and French military authori- ties are making systematic provision for the men to get back home on furlough. Every man gets at least ten days every four months. A Different Situation On account of the greater distances in this country and the location of the canton- ments in places necessarily far from the men's homes, it has not been possible for the War or Navy departments to make sim- ilar provision on this side, and with the men in France it will be even more difficult to keep up these personal contacts. In the late fall of 1917 it was realized that home service would be much improved if it had a representative in the training camps, naval bases and othe military cen- ters to expedite the untangling of the many perplexing family problems which were cropping up everywhere. Soldiers became concerned when letters failed to come regu- larly, anxious and uneasy when disquieting rumors arrived and worried and distraught when they learned of troubles at home. It is then that the Red Cross can give them something of inestimable worth, first, the assurance and later the proof that the Home Service Section is ready to protect their families from unnecessary hardship or mis- fortune and is anxious to maintain the com— fort and the peace of mind of those they have left behind. So home service men have now been placed in all the training camps, cantonments, naval training stations and other centers, in this country where large numbers of men are quartered. Home Serv- ice is thus provided with a sending and a receiving equipment at home and at the Camp. - The Associate Field Director, as this rep- resentative is called, in charge of home service at the camp, is there to help any soldier or sailor who is worried about any- thing that concerns his family. The home service man is interested, knows the way to go about getting information and overcom- ing difficulties, has a thousand resources of which the soldier or sailor has been una- ware. Even when it seems that there is not much that can be done to change the condi- tion that is distressing the soldier, it is a great comfort to him to have someone to talk to about it. - Greater Need Abroad If there was work for home service men in the camps in the United States there is infinitely more for them to do in the camps and with the men sent to France. The dis- tance, the time required to get messages back and forth, the strangeness and remote- ness of the French villages where the men are billeted, all make it very important that there should be special provision for main- taining the high morale our troops now have and of helping them overcome the home- sickness or anxiety about home affairs which may come later. The American, like the British and French military authorities, recognize this provision as essential to morale. A commander at the front and a leading military surgeon in Paris both stated that the Red Cross could do nothing more important from a military standpoint than to maintain the welfare of the homes of our fighting men. There can be no more certain means of steadying the man’s morale than to give him the assur- ance that whatever may happen at home the Red Cross may be depended upon to act promptly, sympathetically and adequately in helping those who are dear to him. And the soldier wants and needs letters from home. In a country which differs from his own in language, customs, even in food, the soldier finds very little that is sugges- tive of American home life. Even the fields and cottages are unlike ours. Loneliness and depression will sometimes attack the stoutest hearts, unless they are buoyed up and constantly reminded that those at home are thinking about them and are willing to take the trouble to write letters to them. Home Service at Front - Home Service is so welcome to men and officers alike, and is everywhere recognized as so essential to a successful army and so necessary for the welfare of the country at large, that it has at last been extended right up to the battle-line. To Mr. R. G. Hutchins, Jr., of the Na- tional Bank of Commerce of New York, was entrusted the job of recruiting the right kind of men to fill these posts in France. He has chosen men who are un- usually well qualified to perform this mis- sion—men of character and real accom- plishments and enthusiasts for Home Serv- ice. Some were business men, some were lawyers, and several were bankers—all were volunteers. Many more will be needed. The voyage over was utilized for the final polishing in the information and instruc- tions which have been found useful and effective for home service work. The new recruits fell to and devoured the materials which were put in their hands. They be- came known on shipboard as “Hutchins’ Unit” and rapidly developed a fine esprit de corps. - In order to work out the details of or- . ganizing Home Service at the front, it was necessary to get a first-hand view of “the front” and of the activities that the Red Cross was already carrying on in the war zone. There it was found that Home Serv- ice would easily find its place in the Red Cross organization in France because all of the other branches of the Red Cross—doc- tors, nurses, canteen men, searchers and the rest—recognized the need of it and were glad to direct soldiers worried about home affairs to the Home Service representative. It is the immediate purpose to place at least one home service man with each divi- sion of the American Army in France. Thus the home service chain is completed from the soldier or the sailor at the front back to America and out to the remotest villages and farms in our country. Daily the chain becomes stronger and as they strengthen each link the American people, through the Red Cross, are achieving more than anyone only a year ago dared to dream was possible. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 5 • HENRY P DAVISON THE AMERICAN RED C Ross NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoodRow Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKElton WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAvis . . . . . Counselor * * * * * * * * * * * * * Secretary STOCKTON Axson WILLIAM HowARD TAF't . . Chairman Central Committee ELIoT WADsworth HARVEY D. Gibson . . . . e - © tº e º & s Vice-Chairman . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAft & º º e s > 3 > * * GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN ELiot WADsworth The Nursing Campaign Reports from all sections of the country tell of marked interest in the Red Cross drive to enroll 20,000 nurses by January 1, 1919, for service with the Army and Navy Nursing Corps. The intensive start of the campaign gives promise that the needs of the nursing situation will be fully met. This means that the military requirements not only will be fulfilled, but that the needs re- garding the nurses in civil life will be well looked after. . The first and foremost consideration, of course, is the recruiting of an army of trained nurses to care for wounded soldiers and sailors. Naturally, this will cut deeply into the ranks of professional nurses who have been ministering to the wants of the the Red Cross, aside from its activity in supplying civilian population. Therefore, the military requirements, is giving atten- tion to the enrollment of student nurses, from whose ranks vacancies in all branches of nursing service subsequently may be filled. . . In this connection it is gratifying to note the very keen interest that has been aroused in the new Army School of Nursing, of which Miss Annie W. Goodrich is the dean. The great opportunities which this school affords to prepare women for patriotic Serv- ice, by training under military auspices for whatever kind of nursing duty they may be called upon to perform, evidently will be taken advantage of to the full. The drive for military nurses is being carried on with parades and other demon- strations in different parts of the country. Chicago had a parade on June 15, with sev- eral thousand in line; Wisconsin and Iowa, as well as Illinois, being represented. The Pennsylvania division telegraphs that chap- ters are reporting splendidly as to commit- tee organization. New England reports its women thoroughly stirred by the drive; medical associations are taking action, and School teachers and high school and college graduates are all deeply interested. The Pacific division reports that it will enroll more than its quota. These are sample re- ports, taken at random. The situation may be summed up in the Statement that the womanhood of America can be depended upon as fully as the man- hood of America to meet every call of country. War Fund Still Growing Returns received since THE BULLETIN went to press last week make the second war fund total $168,878,894, which is $269,- 987 above the total as then given. “Keeping our Fighters Fit” “Keeping Our Fighters Fit, for War and After” is the title of a volume by Edward Frank Allen, written with the cooperation of Raymond B. Fosdick, chairman of the. War and Navy Departments Commissions on Training Camp Activities. The book of two hundred pages presents a most interest- ing picture of the educational and recrea- tional side of life at the various army and navy cantonments and camps in the United States, and is prefaced by a very interest- ing “Special Statement” from the pen of President Wilson. The atmosphere of the camp permeates the story, which puts the reader in a grand-stand seat, as it were, at the scenes of soldiers’ sports, and in an orchestra chair at the entertainments which relieve the monotony of the military routine. The work is valuable for the insight it af. fords those who have not visited the camps and cantonments, of the immense improve- ment in the camp life of the soldier brought to pass by the Training Camp Commissions, to which substantial financial aid has been rendered by the Red Cross. To add to the human interest of the story, many incidents are related in the regular camp colloquial- ism, while pictorially the activities in specific camps are presented in more than twenty illustrations, fitting the text. Gift of $125,000 to Swiss Red Cross from American Red Cross; Will be Great Aid The War Council of the American Red Cross has appropriated the sum of $125,000 as a contribution to the Swiss Red Cross for activities incident to the war. This gift was prompted by the humane and effective work which the Swiss Red Cross has been doing since the outbreak of the European war, and the services it has been perform- ing in behalf of allied troops, both interned and prisoners. . A recent cablegram from Carl Taylor, temporary representative of the American Red Cross in Switzerland, stated that no more effective and acceptable way to give aid to the Swiss people could be found than through a substantial gift to the Swiss Red Cross. Relief funds raised to date in Switz zerland amount to less than 2,000,000 francs and collections have been difficult owing to the tremendous burdens entailed upon the people. - One of the principal desires of the Swiss Red Cross is to establish a large hospital for its own tubercular Soldiers. The money donated by the American Red Cross, it is understood will be used for relief Work among the people and Soldiers of Switzer- land, and for the relief of allied troops and civilians in transit from Germany and Austria. . The Red Cross idea had its birth place in Switzerland but there are substantial rea- SonS in addition to the Sentimental ones for extending aid to the Swiss society, as above indicated. In rendering service during the present war Swiss doctors have made heavy personal sacrifices in going to Germany and Austria to pass upon allied prisoners for repatriation, and may be called upon to render similar services for American pris– oners. The continued mobilization of the Swiss army for the purpose of preserving neutrality has placed exceedingly heavy bur- dens upon the population. Thousands of allied nationals are being cared for by the Swiss people. - Portable Huts for Soldiers The War Council has appropriated the sum of $158,200 for the purchase of 150 portable huts, which are to be shipped to the American Red Cross Commission in En- gland. These huts are to be used as dis- pensaries and immune wards at camps for American troops. A 6 T H E H E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN Notes of an A.F.F.W. Worker at the Gare du Nord, 12.30 a. m. Night Shift The following interesting picture of one of the features of American relief work in France, from the note-book of a worker of the American Fund for French Wounded, is copied from the Weekly Bulletin of that organization, published in Paris. The Ameri- can Fund for French Wounded is cooperat- ing with the American Red Cross. Cold rain, darkened station, filled to over- flowing with shifting masses of frightened and exhausted refugees, and their hastily made up bundles of all shapes and sizes. As we start down the stairway leading to the underground refuge a thick, stifling odor of humanity meets us. A train has just arrived, eight hours late, and the stairs are encumbered with women and children. We take as many of their bundles as possible, with one baby, a few weeks old from its pale mother, and proceed down into the great subterranean space which this evening owing to trouble with the electricity is only dimly illuminated by candles stuck in bot- tles. Here the A. F. F. W., in conjunction with the American Red Cross, has a canteen and vestiaire. Down the middle of the vast space runs a long table, seating fifty people on each side, and there are double rows of low cots between the table and the walls. Groups of refugees are lying or sitting about, pale, coughing, unwashed children; paralysed, sore-eyed old men, women nurs- ing their babies. The children are very Juiet; even the very little ones seldom cry. And these silent children who never dream of uttering a complaint are heart-breaking. Childhood's Appeal A starry-eyed little boy of four years old, when I stooped to put a few figs into his tiny hand, raised his face instinctively to mine. A nurse of the Red Cross said he was suffering—from a contagious skin dis- ease, but it would have been like refusing to kiss the Christ-Child not to have met his wet up-turned lips. The A. F. F. W. vestiaire and the Red Cross canteen with its gas ranges, occupy one end of the great hall. As well as may be in the crowd and haste, garments are measured and given out, and great pitchers of hot milk, chocolate and coffee with bread and cheese are passed around. Many of the families have been sleeping for days in the fields and along the roadside without other covering than what they happened to be wearing or other food than what they started with. When one’s eye rests on it as a whole it seems only a terrible, ugly agglomeration of human misery. But anyone spoken to immediately detaches himself from the mass, and becomes of noble and poignant interest. Last night three babies were born, and children with whooping-cough, mumps, Sore- throat, fever, etc., were sent to infirmaries. A boy of nine fainted when he got down stairs, and when we asked his mother what was the matter she said he had been carrying a huge bundle, which was lying near him, for three days. He was revived and put to bed. A paralysed woman of 86 who had been in the hospital of her native town for 30 years, was brought down to us after being pushed through the station on a truck. She was crying loudly for snuff which is an archaic article that the A. F. F. W. has not been dealing in. We gave her a warm dress- ing gown and one of the Red Cross men presented her with a handful of tobacco, with which she proceeded to comfort her- self. And Then An Air Raid At 3.10 the alarm sounded, and soon, even in that undergrood room, we heard the tir de barrage and the crashing of bombs thrown by the Gothas as they passed over Paris. A wave of anxiety went through the huddled groups who had left their all to escape just such things. We quieted them as best we could, and when at 4.30 some one came down to say that the berloque was passing to announce the end of the raid, we hurried those who had been clothed and fed up to the dark station court-yard where A. F. F. W. and Red Cross camions were waiting to transfer them to other stations where they would begin still another lap of their sad journey. We were relieved at 7 in the morning by the next group of A. F. F. W. workers and as we passed down the platform other trains were being emptied of their pitiful groups, and we knew that our women and our resources would again be taxed to the utmost. Join Headquarters Personnel The department of supplies at National Headquarters has augmented its personnel by the addition of O. E. Hawk, of Youngs- town, Ohio, and Clarence Leich, Jr., of Evansville, Indiana. Mr. Hawk and Mr. Ileich - have volunteered their services and are to be associated with Mr. Gifford in the Bureau of Purchases. Fred A. Ault, of Knoxville, Tenn., has joined the forces of the department of ac- counts as a volunteer and becomes an addi- tional deputy comptroller. . Historical Red Cross Flag and Valu- able Gifts Are to be Sold for War Fund The War Council has received a letter from H. B. F. Macfarland, first vice-chair- man of the District of Columbia chapter of the Red Cross, calling attention to certain gifts to the Red Cross from the sale of which large sums are likely to be added to the war fund. - During the week of the second war fund drive three Red Cross flags floated from the dome of the Capitol in Washington, side by side with the Stars and Stripes. It was the first time that any flag except the Amer- ican has flown over tire National Capitol. Two of these flags, autographed by Vice- President Marshall and Speaker Clark, have been given, respectively, to the New York and Chicago Red Cross chapters, and, it is stated, are held for sale at a minimum price of $10,000 each. . The third flag is the National Capital Red Cross flag, and it has been autographed by President Wilson, as well as by the Vice- President and the Speaker. Its historic and sentimental value will be readily realized. Offers for it may be addressed to Mr. Mac- farland, care of the District of Columbia chapter. - Another gift is a gold medal commem- orating the National Capital Centennial of 1900. The only two of these medals were struck at the mint, from a design bearing the head of John Adams, President in 1800, and William McKinley, President in 1900. One was presented to President McKinley, and the other to Mr. Macfarland, chairman of the centennial committee. The latter medal already has been sold once for the Red Cross and returned for resale. Other gifts offered for sale were made to the Red Cross by Lieutenant Dumoret, of the French War Mission. They include a bronze medal struck by France in com- memoration of the entry of the United States into the war; a bronze medal struck by France in commemoration of the found- ing of New Orleans, and a twenty-franc gold piece of the time of the third republic. Generous Offer to Red Cross The American School of Archaelogy has placed at the disposal of the American Red Cross Commission to Palestine the building called the American School of Oriental Re- search in Jerusalem. The use of two acres of land to the north of the city also has been granted the commission. The building is furnished and contains a valuable li- brary. -* T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 Junior Red Cross Helps Furnish Red Cross Convalescent Houses at Base Hospitals The Juniors’ part in furnishing the Red Cross Convalescent Houses is going forward rapidly in the Manual Training Schools of the country. The school children were pledged to provide each House with the following articles before June Ist: Nine 8-foot tables, 18 benches, 10 6-foot tables, 25 taborets, 24 folding tables, 8 wood screens, 2 pair andirons, 2 spark screens, 2 lamps, 12 shades, 24 inkwells, 18 rugs, 9 dressing-tables, 18 quilts, and 9 costumers. Approximately 4,546 pieces of furniture have been assigned to the school workshops. The Gulf and New England Divisions have already oversubscribed their quotas and ex- pect to double them. The Nurses’ Recrea- tion Houses to be built in addition to the Convalescent Houses, will require the same type of furniture, so that the Bureau of Camp Service will use all the furniture that the Juniors can turn out. The schools of Minneapolis are contribut- ing their yearly class gifts to equipping a Red Cross House. They hope to furnish it entire and also to provide a few luxuries such as a piano, games, victrola, etc. The approximate cost of furnishing one house is $3,000.00. . This first national assignment to the Manual Training Shops of the Junior Mem- bership, although the most important, is by no means the first work that the school carpenters have done for the Red Cross. Many Chapters have shipped all their sup- plies this winter and spring in Junior-made boxes. The schools of Olean, N. Y., have the distinguished record of keeping their chapter well supplied and at the same time accumulating a reserve of 200 boxes fo “carry on” during the vacation months. The Pittsburgh Auxiliaries have furnished new Red Cross work-rooms as they were needed in Allegheny County. The most unique fea- ture of the Red Cross Toy Shop, Los An- geles, which made $1,586 in Christmas sales, was the collection of toys made by school- boys; and the Minneapolis Junior Red Cross Bazaar netted a large share of its $4,500 profits from articles made in school work- shops. The boys approach this new project with hands already trained to service. Relief in Virgin Islands Representatives of the department of mil- itary relief and of the fourteenth division of the Red Cross recently returned from a tour of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, where they investigated the needs for re- lief. In their report they pointed out the need of Red Cross aid, both among the civilian population, the great majority of which were very poor and living under un- Sanitary conditions, and among the soldiers, sailors and marines stationed there. As a result of the investigation the War Council has appropriated $27,500 for the purchase of equipment and hospital supplies for, and necessary repairs to the communal hos- pitals for the native inhabitants on the islands of St. Thomas and Santa Cruz. Interesting Facts Regarding Hospital Supply Service in France Four thousand three hundred and sixty- One hospitals, situated in 1,509 cities, now are being provided for by the hospital sup- ply service of the American Red Cross in France. To these hospitals is sent what- ever is needed—surgical instruments or ap- pliances, equipment, drugs, bedding, cloth- ing, and even games of cards and dominoes. More than 12,614,000 articles have been packed and shipped from the distribution station in Paris since January, 1915. There are 166 employees at the distri- buting headquarters in the rue Troyon. The second floor of the building is devoted to the storing of merchandise. There are stacks of clothing, socks, gloves, slippers and shirts. There are shelves filled with sealed packages of gauze and absorbent cot- ton, elastic bandages and surgical dressings of all kinds. Drugs, clinical thermometers and sundry glass appliances also are stored on this floor. Two other floors above are used for the storage of goods. The hospital supply service of the Amer- ican Red Cross was founded by Mrs. Rob- ert Woods Bliss, wife of the councilor of the American Embassy in Paris, and was called the American Distributing Service. It was begun a few days after the dec- laration of war in 1914, and coordinated with the Red Cross in 1917. Some Chocolate Anticipating the needs of American Red Cross canteens for American soldiers which are to be established and maintained in England, the War Council has authorized the purchase of 500,000 cakes of chocolate, at a cost of $15,000. Foster Rockwell, di- rector of the bureau of canteen service, has gone to England to superintend the in- stallation of the canteens there. In making his plans before sailing he suggested the supplying of large amounts of chocolate as one of the first needs. A Child Welfare Exhibition on Care of Babies Held at Lyon, France, by A. R. C. A Child Welfare Exhibition of the chil- dren’s bureau of the American Red Cross was held at Lyon, France, a few weeks ago. The heart of Lyon is the Place Bellecour where 40,000 people pass every day and it was in the great pavilion there that the exhibition was held. *, The best ways of bathing babies, feeding babies, caring for their health, preparing their milk, dressing them, putting them to bed and doing all the hundred and one other things they need, was shown by movies, by lectures, by posters, by booklets, by hand- bills, by post-cards and by demonstrations with live babies. In a large glass room a doctor and his assistants bathed and weighed babies. There was a kindergarten and a recreational play- ground where little repatriés and children from the Lyon orphanages gave exhibitions of directed play under trained teachers. The still and moving models in the dental hygiene section presented striking reasons for having clean teeth. The milk section showed good and bad dairies, good and bad bottles and the proper methods of modify- ing, preparing and sterilizing milk. There were sections devoted to the hygiene of the nose and throat; to the hygiene of expectant mothers; a section of general hy- giene with special emphasis on contagion and the deadly fly; a model babies hospital and an extremely interesting exhibition on tuberculosis prepared by the Educational Service of the Rockefeller Tuberculosis Commission and shown in connection with the exhibit furnished by the Lyon Tubercu- losis dispensary. Calf Brought $20,750 to War Fund A blooded Guernsey calf, two days old, brought $20,750 for the American Red Cross at an auction sale at “Arcady,” the farm of Mr. Arthur Meeker, at Lake Forest, III., the week before the recent war fund drive. The money was presented to the Red Cross by Mrs. Meeker, in behalf of the American Guernsey Cattle Club, which held its annual meeting in Chicago that week, and which had an auction sale of selected cows from Some of the best herds at the Meeker farm. The auctioneer arranged with bidders to give back the calf for resale, with the net result as stated. The War Council has appropriated the Sum of $6,000 for the maintenance of Sani- tary Unit No. 6, at Hattiesburg, Mississippi. 8 T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN The American Red Cross in China and Japan; the Drive in Other Parts of the World A new development of the American Red Cross activity, as announced by cable, has appeared in at least three cities in China— Pekin, Shanghai and Canton—in connection with the recent second Red Cross war fund drive. In each of these cities there is an active Red Cross chapter, and meetings were held and processions formed in which 99 per cent of the marchers carrying Red Cross ban- ners were Chinamen. When the drive was finished more than $100,000 had been paid in, and 50,000 Chinese had become associate members of the local chapters of the Ameri- can Red Cross. Two civil and military gov- ernors cabled through Nankin, saying that they considered it a privilege to co-operate with the American chapter. In Japan, too, there has been great en- thusiasm and a despatch from the Embassy there states that the original estimate of $25,000 for the drive has been more than doubled, more than $60,000 having already been reported. When the apportionments were made for the Second War Fund Drive the foreign chapters were asked to give $300,000. They came “over the top” with more than $1,400,- 000, and the returns are not all in yet. Here are some of the other leaders whose reports came in first: Hawaiian Islands, $677,000; Habana, Cuba, in excess of $100,- 000; Porto Rico, $100,000; Dominican Re- public, $70,000; Argentina, $70,000; Brazil, $40,000; Canal Zone, $30,000; Chile, $27,000; Guam, $5,800; Haiti, $2,500; Honduras, $2,- 000; Mexico, $40,000; Nicaragua, $1,000; Peru, $15,000; Spain, $5,000. Many chapters, because of their remote- ness, have not yet sent in their full con- tributions. - All-Star Theatrical Tour Netted Red Cross Nearly $700,000 “Out There,” the all-star theatrical pro- duction, made a record in its recent three weeks tour for the benefit of the American Red Cross. The sum of $683,448.43 resulted from 23 performances in 17 cities. The pro- ceeds included house receipts, sale of seats, $151,674.50; premiums, $344,496.19; souvenir programs, $166,443; other receipts, $20,684– 74. J. Hartley Manners, the author, dona- ted the use of the play. The all-star cast, who contributed their services and paid their own hotels bills, were Laurette Tay- lor, wife of the author; Miss Helen Ware, Miss Beryl Mercer, H. B. Warner, James T. Powers, George Arliss, Chauncey Olcott, O. P. Heggie, James K. Hackett, George MacFarlane, George M. Cohan and Miss Julia Arthur. Mrs. Minnie Maddern Fiske made a special appeal for the Red Cross; De Wolfe Hopper acted as auctioneer, as the seats in most cities were sold by auc- tion; Burr McIntosh spoke, and Mme. Elen- ora de Cisneros, of the Metropolitan and Chicago opera companies, sang the national anthems of the Allies at each performance. The production was under the manage- ment of Klaw & Erlanger, Cohan & Harris and George C. Tyler, these men also con- tributing their services. A. J. Simmons, vice-president of the Lehigh Valley Rail- road, contributed his service as director of transportation. The managements of the theaters contri- buted their play houses; musicians, stage hands, ushers and other employees served without pay. Model American Village at Pisa to Help Meet Refugee Problem A cablegram from the American Red Cross Commissioner to Italy, dated Pisa, June 1, states the following plans of a new enterprise in connection with the refugee problem: w - Steps were taken here today toward build- ing a model American village, for the pur- pose of providing new homes for people made homeless by the war. On a site com- prising thirty acres of ground, adjacent to the leaning tower and other world famous monuments of Pisa, ground was broken in the presence of the king, head of the Italian Red Cross, Major Chester Aldrich, and other officers of the American Red Cross. It is expected the village will be completed in ninety days. The buildings will be made of cement. There will be a public square, church, school house, hospital and public eating kitchen. Modern sanitary facilities will be installed. The water supply will be brought over the aqueduct built by the Medici five hun- dred years ago, which still is in perfect con- dition. The site will provide homes for two thousand refugees from the Venetian dis- trict. - It is proposed to transplant to the new village industries with which the refugees are familiar. The entire project is under the supervision of the American Red Cross, and is regarded as one of the most interest- ing undertakings in the effort to deal with problems arising out of refugees from de- vastated and threatened districts. American Comfort Kits for Italian Soldiers; Shoe Leather for Refugees The assistant director of foreign relief has been authorized by the Red Cross War Council to make requisition for the pur- chase of material for the manufacture of comfort bags and for accessories to the amount of $326,312.50, the bags being in- tended for distribution to Italian soldiers . . through the Red Cross Commission to Italy. This action followed advices from the Ital- ian Commission that comfort kits such as used by the American soldiers would be gratefully received, and that use could be made of from 50,000 to 100,000 of the bags monthly. Inasmuch as the present requirements Of the American troops covers all the comfort bags that the chapters are able to supply unless the material is furnished free of cost, the appropriation was made as indi- cated. - Another item of Italian relief for which provision has just been made, is the pur- chase of a three months’ supply of leather in this country, at a cost of $67,290, which will be manufactured into shoes in Italy. The quantities of leather originally asked for by the Red Cross Commission to Italy were materially reduced by reason of the Red Cross plan to collect old leather for the War Department in the United States, and the expectation of obtaining an im- mense amount of second-hand shoes, which can be sent to Italy for necessary repair- ing, thereby effecting a considerable saving in the requirements of the commission. Red Cross Girls Form Club A social club for all Red Cross women in Washington has been organized, with an initial membership of 114 of the headquar- ter’s staff. The club house, located at New Hampshire Avenue and N Street, N. W., will provide living accommodations for, at least eighteen girls, and will have a guest room for women visiting Washington on Red Cross business. The club project has been formally ap- proved by the War Council, which has au- thorized an indorsement in the name of the Red Cross of a year's lease of the property mentioned. In further encouragement of the project the War Council has appropri- ated the sum of $3,500 to underwrite the establishment and operation of the club house to the close of the current year, so that the organization will not have to worry about the possibility of a deficit. * • valo sº. 3. . as A # g * ... ... º, . i tº. 4 + 3 º' " .. g- * > BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II JUNE 24, 1918 No. 26 Red Cross Medical Research to be Financed by C. H. Dodge of New York In accordance with the announcement by Harvey D. Gibson, general manager of the American Red Cross, on April 9, that an in- dividual had offered to supply the money with which the Red Cross might carry on the medical research work which it has been conducting in France, the War Council has received the following letter from Cleveland H. Dodge of New York: “I have been deeply interested in the re- search work which the Red Cross has been doing and proposes to carry on in the future for the purpose of seeking causes and meth- ods of prevention and cure of diseases in the Army and Navy. The wonderful results which you have already obtained in ascer- taining the method of transmission of trench fever has been most gratifying to us all, and I should take great pride in feeling that part of the money which I am contributing can be used for these purposes. “In keeping, therefore, with my promise made early in last April, I hereby request you to set aside and create a restricted fund of as much of my contribution to the sec- ond Red Cross war fund, not exceeding $250,000, as may be necessary for the proper and most thorough-going conduct of medical research designed to ascertain methods for the prevention and cure of diseases and wounds to which our soldiers and sailors may be exposed. - “I also authorize you to utilize the money referred to, to reimburse the first Red Cross war fund for appropriations already made for medical research as well as for future. expenditures for research work at home and abroad.” Two appropriations, Öne of $100,000 and another of $65,000 had been made by the War Council for medical research. The monies utilized out of the first war fund for these purposes will now be restored out of the contribution by Mr. Dodge. This arrangement grows out of the fact that after the appropriations for medical re- search had been made by the War Council from the Red Cross war fund, it developed that some members of the Red Cross ob- jected very strongly to the use of any part of their contributions for research work if it involved experiments with living animals. The War Council, however, appreciating the importance of these investigations in the pre- vention of disease and the saving of life and desiring to extend this work, gladly accepted the offer made by Mr. Dodge. The medical research which is being car- ried on in France, and which will be con- tinued by the Red Cross—not out of the war. fund, but with the funds provided by Mr. Dodge—is under the supervision of the Red Cross Medical Advisory Board in France. The most notable achievement of the Re- Search department of the Red Cross was the recent determination of the médium of trans- mission—thus the road to prevention—of trench fever, a new disease developed during this war and which has baffled the doctors of the world. This disease had been second in causing disablements from disease in the British Army. - The research work in France is being car- ried on by some of the most eminent Ameri- can specialists. At their disposal the Red Cross is placing the most approved facilities and opportunities for investigation known to Science. This work is peculiarly important in view of the many unsolved medical ques- tions directly involved in this war. Numer- ous problems relating to the treatment of wounds, the eradication of lice, fleas, and scabies, the treatment of trench nephritis, trench heart, war neurasthenia, exhaustion, lethal gases, shell concussion, compound fracture and a great variety of other dis- eases and injuries are still to be worked out. The solution of such problems will not only contribute toward the relief of suffering but toward more effective prosecution of the war. Red Cross Hospital in England for American Nurses The War Council has appropriated the sum of $54,855 for the leasing, equipping and maintaining of a Red Cross hospital for American nurses in Great Britain and on leave from France. In making the request for this appropriation, Mr. Endicott, head of the Red Cross Commission to Great Brit- ain, Stated that the demand for such a hos- pital was urgent. The hospital will have a capacity of approximately fifty-five beds. Government Takes Over Wool Clip for Ensuing Year; Red Cross Needs Come Second Following the recent announcement by the War Industries Board that the govern- ment had taken over the entire wool clip of the country for the ensuing year, plans have been announced for the handling of all available wool in order that the imme- diate military needs of the government be Satisfied. Stringent methods for the conservation of raw wool for military purposes had be- COrne SO necessary that a conference was called between representatives of the wool Commodities. Section of the W. ar. Industries Board and the American Red Cross. Aë"the close of this conference the following joint statement was authorized: “It is obvious that the first allotment of this wool must first go to the military re- Quirements of the government, and that any Surplus remaining will first be used for filling the requirements of the American Red Cross, as next in importance to the prosecution of the war. - “In view of the uncertainty in ocean ship- ping, it can not be definitely known at this time what amount of wool, if any, will be . available for Red Cross purposes, after the original military needs of the government are satisfied. It is believed, however, that unless unforseen conditions arise, a mod- erate quantity of wool will be available for the Red Cross. “Furthermore, in view of the probable scarcity of wool, it is earnestly desired that the use of wool yarns for non-essential pur- poses be discouraged in every possible man- Ile I’. “The War Industries Board will hold the Pepartment of Supplies at Red Cross na- tional headquarters strictly responsible for the release of any wool required by manu- facturers for Red Cross purposes. The Red Cross is required to adopt a standard of quality that will go furthest in Supplying a good quality of worsted yarn suitable for War purposes. All contracts for this yarn must be made by the Department of Sup- plies at Red Cross national headquarters, for which the necessary wool will be re- leased, on order from the Red Cross De- 2 *. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN } partment of Supplies, by the War Indus- tries Board as fast as it is obtainable in excess of the necessary requirements of the quartermaster’s department. The Red Cross will place these orders for yarn to be delivered to its divisions as fast as the Bureau of Development at national headquarters advises the number of arti- cles the chapters in each division will be required to make. The new plan will do away with the practice of Red Cross chapters buying yarn independently in the open market. The pur- pose of the ruling is to conserve yarn and stabilize its price. The custom of indepen- dent buying has resulted in chapters bid- ding against each other and thereby raising the price of yarn in some instances to ex- orbitant figures. Chapters can only procure their yarn upon specific requisition through their divisional headquarters. To preclude the keeping of yarn at home by individuals all wool must be accounted for in finished garments after each issue. This move will take all yarn in the Army and Navy colors from the public market, so that not any can be purchased and made up by individuals into gifts. This will stop the overlapping of efforts so that a soldier or sailor receiving garments from the Red Cross will not also receive from one to a dozen duplicate garments as per- Sonal gifts. Aid of Red Cross Requested For War Savings Campaign Frank A. Vanderlip, chairman of the Na- tional War Savings Committee, has re- quested the cooperation of the Red Cross in aiding the War Savings Committee in their campaign of June 28. In conformity with this request the acting general man- ager of the American Red Cross has issued the following statement addressed to divi- sion managers: - “The work of the War Savings Committee is of such national importance that, short of the use of our organization for the sale of savings stamps, we should all aid Mr. Van- derlip’s committee in every way possible. Particularly, requests for information in re- gard to speakers and committees used in our last campaign should be freely given to the proper authorities. . “Chapters should be requested to giv full publicity to posters and literature in their workrooms. - “will you please be good enough to no- tify your Chapters accordingly, and respond in every way practical to the requests of the state directors of war savings.” commission. Important New Activities Covered in Budget of Commission to Great Britain The American Red Cross Commission to Great Britain has submitted its budget cov- ering estimated expenditures from April 30 to June 30, 1918, amounting to $974,630.25, and the War Council has made an appro- priation accordingly. Accompanying the budget was a complete description of the various activities being undertaken by the These activities include some new ones which will be of great interest to Red Cross members generally. There is an item, for instance, of $100,170 for the establishment of emergency depots in Ireland, to meet relief needs in the case of disasters similar to the sinking of the Tuscania. These depots will be stocked with sweaters and other garments, as well as medical supplies and stores likely to be called for in connection with disasters at S£8, The largest single item is $238,500 for a hospital at an English port, with an imme- diate capacity of 200 beds. This hospital has been started at the request of the United States Army, the desire being to have 3,000 beds as soon as possible. The installation of a 1,000-bed hospital will be pushed with all possible speed, and simultaneously huts will be built for 3,000 beds. A little more than half of the appropriation covers the purchase price of the property, for which reimbursement is not expected; but it is ex- pected that the Army will repay all other expenses. - - Other items included in the budget are: For activities of the London Chapter, $17,- 839.80; . 3. For maintenance of St. Katherine's Lodge hospital, $11,996.55. For the contingent relief fund, $9.540. For construction and operating expense of American Red Cross Military Hospital No. 4, including a tent extension of 100 beds, $124,974. For maintenance of A. R. C. hospital No. 24, which was donated by A. Chester Beatty and is in charge of a United States med- ical officer, $1,908. For casualty information service, $1,908. For line of communication camps, covering the care of United States troops, $109,710. For installation and maintenance of naval hospital for officers and men in London, with a capacity of fifty beds, $47,700. For convalescent home for officers, with a capacity of 100 beds, $52,470. For equipment of luncheon rooms for United States officers and clerical force, and for pense of the Red Cross. workers at the American embassy and in Red Cross workrooms, $28,620. For supplies for naval requisition, covering both medicines and comforts, $23,850. For subscriptions to existing British can- teens, by which American troops can be taken care of better and more cheaply than by establishing a new service, $23,850. For rest camps and hospitals for American troops passing through England, $95,400. For administration expenses of headquarters, $35,775. Red Cross to Train Nurses’ Aids to Meet Organization Needs On account of the frequent requests from Red Cross commissions abroad for women with nurses' aid training and a knowledge of foreign languages, to supplement infant Welfare, public health and other nurses, the War Council has decided that the Red Cross shall train nurses’ aids to meet the needs of its own organization. Coincident with this action it was voted that every effort shall be made to cooperate with the Surgeon general of the army in recruiting students for the Army School of Nursing recently established. The Red Cross activities in training nurses' aids for military purposes were cur- tailed when the plans for the army training school were formulated, at the request of the Surgeon general’s office. The training now contemplated, as indicated, is solely to meet the needs of the Red Cross, and the general manager of the Red Cross has been directed to confer with the surgeon gen- eral’s office and explain the reasons for taking up this work. *º Graves in England Decorated On Memorial Day the graves of American soldiers buried in Great Britain, including the victims of the Tuscania, were decorated by the American Red Cross. At Liverpool. and some other places special services were held. All American hospital units serving with the American Expeditionary Forces in England were instructed to decorate aii American graves in their vicinity at the ex- The Porto Rico Chapter of the Ameri- can Red Cross reported on May 10, 1918, the existence of nine branches and a mem- bership of 6,331. Eight other branches are in process of formation, and the member- ship committee aims to have the society rep- resented in every one of the seventy towns of the island. .." THE RE D C R O S S B U L LET IN 3 THE AMERICAN R.E. iD C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoODROW WILSON Robert W. DE FOREST John SKELTON WILLIAMS John W. DAVIs Stockton Axson President sº e º e º e º 'º º e < * * * * Treasurer Counseler Secretary * @ e º e g º e < * * • * g ar e e º ºx ºr e < * * * * * * * * * * * * g e a g º º WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIoT WADsworth . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager Red Cross War Council 3Y APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 8TATES HENRY P. DAVISON Chairman *GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN e - e º is a s & 4 tº * e e º e º e < * * * * * HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLISs, JR. Ex Officio - WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH Killed in Action An associated Press cablegram from the Italian headquarters in Northern Italy, dated June 18, brought news of the death of Lieu- tenant Edward Michael McKey, of the Red Cross. Lieutenant McKey was killed by a shell on the Piave battle line, while in command of a rolling canteen. American He was the first canteen commander sent into the field by the American Red Cross in Italy. His home was in New York, and his vocation was the painting of portraits. Prior to serving in Italy he rendered distin- guished field ambulance service in France, where he was decorated with the Croix de Guerre. - This news of a Red Cross worker killed in action emphasizes afresh the heroism that is adding glory to the service under the em- blem of mercy, and which stands on an equality with that which wins its mark under the battle flags of the Allies. On every battle front in Europe today workers of the American Red Cross are performing brave deeds to serve brave men—in the trenches and wherever, and in whatever cir- cumstances, the fighting is being carried on. . Shells and gases and the maelstrom of car- nage may have their terrors, but there is no risk within the permission of the mili- tary commanders which volunteers of the Red Cross, either in the uniform of khaki or the habiliments of the nurse, are not willing to take in the service of humanity. It is the willingness of our Red Cross workers at the front to assume and share risks with the fighting men, that arouses so Vice-President much respect on the part of the latter for an organization which already had won their hearts by its numerous tender mercies. When the new niches in the Hall of Fame come to be filled after the world war in behalf of civilization, plenty of them will contain men—and women—whose glory gave And no true fighter will begrudge their honor. The heroic death of Lieutenant McKey lustre to the American Red Cross. will be an inspiration to grander service to every Red Cross man and woman, whether in the field or at home. Red Cross Proficiency in Disaster Relief Shown in Care of Caro. lina Survivors The schooner Eva B. Douglas landed at 6.30 a. m. Wednesday, June 5, in Brooklyn, with 150 passengers and 94 members of the crew of the Carolina, sunk off the Jersey coast on June 2 by the German submarines in their attack on American coast-wise ship- ping. When the Eva B. Douglas docked she found a Red Cross emergency station com- pletely organized on the pier, and prepared to take the best of care of every survivor. In two hours every man, woman and child was off the ship, had received a generous portion of hot coffee and sandwiches and was on the way to suitable lodgings. It was near the middle of the afternoon of June 4 when Alexander M. Wilson, direc- tor of civilian relief of the Atlantic division, received word from the Navy that the pas- sengers and crew of the Carolina would be landed within the next few hours. Imme- diately he called upon the New York Charity Organization Society and the Brooklyn Bu- reau of Charities, as institutional members, to provide a staff to meet and care for these people. At the same time he made arrange- ments for hospital facilities, ambulances and motor Service, canteen service, blankets and first aid supplies. Everything seems to have been anticipated, even to having interpreters and a special as- sistant, a Filipino, with a fluent command of Spanish and English, to look after the tele- grams and cables. In all there were some thirty people assembled beside the drivers of the busses, ambulances and motors. After some six hours delay the Eva B. Douglas swung into her berth and the dis- embarkation began. Through the unqualfied cooperation of the Navy, the New York police and the officials of the N. Y. & Porto Rican Steamship Company, the Red Cross was able to make sure that every survivor received individual attention. If it appeared that a person was self- sufficient and knew his destination but was unacquainted with the city, he was passed directly to the motor service which assisted him to reach that destination. If, however, it seemed that the person was in need of further service, he was turned over to a special group of workers for more detailed attention. Later in the day all such persons were visited by the institutional members at their lodgings, where it was possible to go more carefully into their individual needs. Such work can not, of course, be impro- vised on the spur of the moment. It comes only as the result of having plans well thought out in advance and then of exe- cuting them with speed and precision. In its many years of experience in disaster re- lief, the Red Cross has developed a tech- nique which stands up under the sudden stress of an emergency and delivers first class service. Presidential Suite in Washington Union Station Turned into Red Cross Canteen President Wilson has authorized the Bu- reau of Canteen Service of the American Red Cross to take possession of the presi- dential and diplomatic suite at the Union Station in Washington. These rooms, for- merly used exclusively for state purposes, will immediately be converted into a rail- road canteen station for soldiers, sailors and marines in transit, and will be in direct charge of the Red Cross canteen committee of the District of Columbia Chapter. At the main entrance to the suite in the east end of the station an information booth and check room will be installed. The big reception Salon of the suite is to be used as a rest room, and writing desks, telephone booths, a phonograph and piano will be in- stalled. The solarium, or east porch, facing the park, is to be fitted up as a garden with box flowers, tables, chairs and benches. The reception lobby will be used as a dining- room, where light refreshments or cold drinks will be served. The President's pri- Vate office will be used as a workroom, and the other rooms will be used for the present as rest rooms. A battery of shower baths is to be in- stalled, conveniently located just outside the suite. The first aid room, operating and examining room, and the sixteen bed trans- fer hospital adjoining the suite will also be operated by the Red Cross canteen workers. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Map Showing Location of Prison Camps in Germany and Austria-Hungary Where Captured Americans are Held O - §§§:2°ry... • #2 Königsberg ~B. Havelburg § BERLIN Hangver º - - Brandenburg O . Brunswick Oder *. #Holzminden - sº E S R M \, . A N Y , S. Leipzig - l § O Cologne Cassel Dresden 'l- * =Siegburg - - Langensalza. C >\--ºl-- - ^ - *Giessen • ‘º - sº º ſº Y Bayreuth : Nûremberg g Landshut J 2. Muña, G BERNEAmerican % * - * Red Cross Prisoners’s ~/. A. U º & - Supply Warehouses - O le:2° • § So * ~ º S WHTZE RLAND 65, —y - - - T^ --~~ k==r-EFE; sº Miles - *...* gº DRAwn BY MAP DEPARTMENT NATIONAL GºogFAPHC.S9&º AP º ! . . D N Of these twenty-seven prison camps in which Americans now are held, Tuchel, near Danzig, is to be the chief prison camp for - captured Americans in uniform, according to advices reaching the bureau of prisoners’ relief of the American Red Cross. In each of the camps shown by a black square on the map, and in one small camp which can not be located, there are either captured sol- diers or else American seamen taken from submarined merchantmen. The Red Cross had direct reports from 231 men in these camps at the beginning of June and to each is sending through its prisoners' relief warehouses at Berne, twenty pounds of food a week and is supplying clothing, comforts, tobacco, and in fact, everything the men need. In supplying captured soldiers and sailors the Red Cross acts as the transmitting agency for the Army or the Navy, which furnishes these supplies. In addition to the prisoners actually on its records the Red Cross believes that there are some two hundred additional American prisoners in Germany who have not yet reached the prison camps where they are to be located permanently. The Red Cross, however, is already prepared to care for these as SOOn aS reported, and in fact, has stored in Berne, or in transit, supplies enough to maintain 22,000 prisoners, if neces- sary, for six months. Awaiting American prisoners sent to Tuchel is a stock of Red Cross packages of food and clothing, in charge of three of our captured boys who are appointed the Red Cross Relief Committee for that prison camp. Similar reserve stocks will be placed in other prisons as it becomes evident that they are to be used as centers for imprisoned Americans, who thus will be fed and clothed immediately. • . - - . . . • THE RED CROSS BULLETIN WASHINGTON, D. C. AMERICAN RED CROSS Vol. II 3.4 . . . .” JUNE 24, 1918 No. 26 Red Cross Medical Research to be Financed by C. H. Dodge of New York In accordance with the announcement by Harvey D. Gibson, general manager of the American Red Cross, on April 9, that an in- dividual had offered to supply the money with which the Red Cross might carry on the medical research work which it has been conducting in France, the War Council has received the following letter from Cleveland H. Dodge of New York: “I have been deeply interested in the re- search work which the Red Cross has been doing and proposes to carry on in the future for the purpose of seeking causes and meth- ods of prevention and cure of diseases in the Army and Navy. The wonderful results which you have already obtained in ascer- taining the method of transmission of trench fever has been most gratifying to us all, and I should take great pride in feeling that part of the money which I am contributing can be used for these purposes. “In keeping, therefore, with my promise made early in last April, I hereby request you to set aside and create a restricted fund of as much of my contribution to the sec- ond Red Cross war fund, not exceeding $250,000, as may be necessary for the proper and most thorough-going conduct of medical research designed to ascertain methods for the prevention and cure of diseases and wounds to which our soldiers and sailors may be exposed. - “I also authorize you to utilize the money referred to, to reimburse the first Red Cross war fund for appropriations already made for medical research as well as for future expenditures for research work at home and abroad.” - Two appropriations, one of $100,000 and another of $65,000 had been made by the War Council for medical research. The monies utilized out of the first war fund for these purposes will now be restored out of the contribution by Mr. Dodge. This arrangement grows out of the fact that after the appropriations for medical re- search had been made by the War Council from the Red Cross war fund, it developed that some members of the Red Cross ob- jected very strongly to the use of any part of their contributions for research work if it involved experiments with living animals. The War Council, however, appreciating the importance of these investigations in the pre- vention of disease and the saving of life and desiring to extend this work, gladly accepted the offer made by Mr. Dodge. - The medical research which is being car- ried on in France, and which will be con- tinued by the Red Cross—not out of the war fund, but with the funds provided by Mr. Dodge—is under the supervision of the Red Cross Medical Advisory Board in France. The most notable achievement of the Re- Search department of the Red Cross was the recent determination of the médium of trans- mission—thus the road to prevention—of trench fever, a new disease developed during this war and which has baffled the doctors of the world. This disease had been second in causing disablements from disease in the British Army. The research work in France is being car- ried on by Some of the most eminent Ameri- can specialists. At their disposal the Red Cross is placing the most approved facilities and opportunities for investigation known to science. This work is peculiarly important in view of the many unsolved medical ques- tions directly involved in this war. Numer- ous problems relating to the treatment of wounds, the eradication of lice, fleas, and Scabies, the treatment of trench nephritis, trench heart, war neurasthenia, exhaustion, lethal gases, shell concussion, compound fracture and a great variety of other dis- eases and injuries are still to be worked out. The solution of such problems will not only contribute toward the relief of suffering but toward more effective prosecution of the war. Red Cross Hospital in England for American Nurses The war Council has appropriated the sum of $54,855 for the leasing, equipping and maintaining of a Red Cross hospital for American nurses in Great Britain and on leave from France. In making the request for this appropriation, Mr. Endicott, head of the Red Cross Commission to Great Brit- ain, Stated that the demand for such a hos- pital was urgent. The hospital will have a capacity of approximately fifty-five beds. Government Takes Over Wooi Clip for Ensuing Year; Red Cross Needs Come Second Following the recent announcement by the War Industries Board that the govern- ment had taken over the entire wool clip of the country for the ensuing year, plans have been announced for the handling of all available wool in order that the imme- diate military needs of the government be Satisfied. . & Stringent methods for the conservation of raw wool for military purposes had be- come so necessary that a conference was -called between representatives of the Wool Commodities Section of the War Industries Board and the American Red Cross. At the close of this conference the following joint Statement was authorized: “It is obvious that the first allotment of this wool must first go to the military re- quirements of the government, and that any surplus remaining will first be used for filling the requirements of the American Red Cross, as next in importance to the prosecution of the war. - “In view of the uncertainty in ocean ship- ping, it can not be definitely known at this time what amount of wool, if any, will be available for Red Cross purposes, after the Original military needs of the government are satisfied. It is believed, however, that unless unforseen conditions arise, a mod- erate quantity of wool will be available for the Red Cross. - “Furthermore, in view of the probable Scarcity of wool, it is earnestly desired that the use of wool yarns for non-essential pur- poses be discouraged in every possible man- Ther. . - - “The War Industries Board will hold the Pepartment of Supplies at Red Cross na- tional headquarters strictly responsible for the release of any wool required by manu- facturers for Red Cross purposes. The Red Cross is required to adopt a standard of quality that will go furthest in Supplying a good quality, of worsted yarn suitable for War purposes. All contracts for this yarn must be made by the Department of Sup- plies at Red Cross national headquarters, for which the necessary wool will be re- leased, on order from the Red Cross De- 2 THE RE D C R O S S B U L LET IN partment of Supplies, by the War Indus- tries Board as fast as it is obtainable in excess of the necessary requirements of the quartermaster’s department. The Red Cross will place these orders for yarn to be delivered to its divisions as fast as the Bureau of Development at national headquarters advises the number of arti- cles the chapters in each division will be required to make. s The new plan will do away with the practice of Red Cross chapters buying yarn independently in the open market. The pur- pose of the ruling is to conserve yarn and stabilize its price. The custom of indepen- dent buying has resulted in chapters bid- ding against each other and thereby raising the price of yarn in some instances to ex- orbitant figures. *º. Chapters can only procure their yarn upon specific requisition through their divisional headquarters. To preclude the keeping of yarn at home by individuals all wool must be accounted for in finished garments after each issue. This move will take all yarn in the Army and Navy colors from the public market, so that not any can be purchased and made up by individuals into gifts. This will stop the overlapping of efforts so that a soldier or sailor receiving garments from the Red Cross will not also receive from one to a dozen duplicate garments as per- sonal gifts. Aid of Red Cross Requested For War Savings Campaign Frank A. Vanderlip, chairman of the Na- tional War Savings Committee, has re- quested the cooperation of the Red Cross in aiding the War Savings Committee in their campaign of June 28. In conformity with this request the acting general man- ager of the American Red Cross has issued the following statement addressed to divi- sion managers: “The work of the War Savings Committee is of such national importance that, short of the use of our organization for the sale of savings stamps, we should all aid Mr. Van- derlip’s committee in every way possible. Particularly, requests for information in re- gard to speakers and committees used in our last campaign should be freely given to the proper authorities. •. “Chapters should be requested to give full publicity to posters and literature in their workrooms. . . “Will you please be good enough to no- tify your Chapters accordingly, and respond in every way practical to the requests of the state directors of war Savings.” Important New Activities Covered in Budget of Commission to Great Britain The American Red Cross Commission to Great Britain has submitted its budget cov- ering estimated expenditures from April 30 to June 30, 1918, amounting to $974,630.25, and the War Councii has made an appro- priation accordingly. Accompanying the budget was a complete description of the various activities being undertaken by the Commission. These activities include some new ones which will be of great interest to Red Cross members generally. - There is an item, for instance, of $100,170 for the establishment of emergency depots in Ireland, to meet relief needs in the case of disasters similar to the sinking of the Tuscania. These depots will be stocked with Sweaters and other garments, as well as medical supplies and stores likely to be called for in connection with disasters at Seá, . - The largest single item is $238,500 for a hospital at an English port, with an imme- diate capacity of 200 beds. This hospital has been started at the request of the United States Army, the desire being to have 3,000 beds as Soon as possible. The installation of a 1,000-bed hospital will be pushed with all possible speed, and simultaneously huts will be built for 3,000 beds. A little more than half of the appropriation covers the purchase price of the property, for which reimbursement is not expected; but it is ex- pected that the Army will repay all other expenses. - . Other items included in the budget are: For activities of the London Chapter, $17,- 839.80; . For maintenance of St. Katherine's Lodge hospital, $11,996.55. For the contingent relief fund, $9.540. For construction and operating expense of American Red Cross Military Hospital No. 4, including a tent extension of 100 beds, $124,974. For maintenance of A. R. C. hospital No. 24, which was donated by A. Chester Beatty and is in charge of a United States med- ical officer, $1,908. - For casualty information service, $1,908. For line of communication camps, covering the care of United States troops, $109,710. For installation and maintenance of naval hospital for officers and men in London, with a capacity of fifty beds, $47,700. For convalescent home for officers, with a capacity of 100 beds, $52,470. For equipment of luncheon rooms, for United States officers and clerical force, and for workers at the American embassy and in Red Cross workrooms, $28,620. - For supplies for naval requisition, covering both medicines and comforts, $23,850. For subscriptions to existing British can- teens, by which American troops can be taken care of better and more cheaply than by establishing a new service, $23,850. For rest camps and hospitals for American troops passing through England, $95,400. For administration expenses of headquarters, $35,775. Red Cross to Train Nurses’ Aids to Meet Organization Needs On account of the frequent requests from Red Cross commissions abroad for women with nurses' aid training and a knowledge of foreign languages, to supplement infant Welfare, public health and other nurses, the War Council has decided that the Red Cross Shall train nurses' aids to meet the needs of its own organization. Coincident with this action it was voted that every effort shall be made to cooperate with the surgeon general of the army in recruiting students for the Army School of Nursing recently established. The Red Cross activities in training nurses' aids for military purposes were cur- tailed when the plans for the army training school were formulated, at the request of the Surgeon general’s office. The training now contemplated, as indicated, is solely to meet the needs of the Red Cross, and the general manager of the Red Cross has been directed to confer with the surgeon gen- eral’s office and explain the reasons for taking up this work. & Graves in England Decorated On Memorial Day the graves of American soldiers buried in Great Britain, including the victims of the Tuscania, were decorated by the American Red Cross. At Liverpool and some other places special services were held. All American hospital units serving with the American Expeditionary Forces in England were instructed to decorate aii American graves in their vicinity at the ex- pense of the Red Cross. The Porto Rico Chapter of the Ameri- can Red Cross reported on May 10, 1918, the existence of nine branches and a mem- bership of 6,331. Eight other branches are in process of formation, and the member- ship committee aims to have the society rep- resented in every one of the seventy towns of the island. . THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN 4. wº 3 - THE AMERICAN RE D C R O SS much respect on the part of the latter for , was able to make sure that every survivor NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooDROW WILSON • a e e o e a e e e o e º * President B.o.BERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON. . . . . General Manager ** a o 'º 3 Red Cross War Council #Y APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAVISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH Killed in Action An associated Press cablegram from the -- Italian headquarters in Northern Italy, dated June 18, brought news of the death of Lieu- tenant Edward Michael McKey, of the American Red Cross. Lieutenant McKey was killed by a shell on the Piave battle line, while in command of a rolling canteen. He was the first canteen commander Sent into the field by the American Red Cross in Italy. vocation was the painting of portraits. His home was in New York, and his Prior to serving in Italy he rendered distin- guished field ambulance service in France, where he was decorated with the Croix de Guerre. - - This news of a Red Cross worker killed in action emphasizes afresh the heroism that is adding glory to the service under the em- blem of mercy, and which stands on an equality with that which wins its mark under the battle flags of the Allies. On every battle front in Europe today workers of the American Red Cross are performing brave deeds to serve brave men—in the trenches and wherever, and in whatever cir- cumstances, the fighting is being carried on. Shells and gases and the maelstrom of car- nage may have their terrors, but there is no risk within the permission of the mili- tary commanders which volunteers of the Red Cross, either in the uniform of khaki or the habiliments of the nurse, are not willing to take in the service of humanity. It is the willingness of our Red Cross workers at the front to assume and share risks with the fighting men, that arouses so an organization which already had won their hearts by its numerous tender mercies. When the new niches in the Hall of Fame come to be filled after the world war in behalf of civilization, plenty of them will contain men—and women—whose glory gave And no true fighter will begrudge their honor. The heroic death of Lieutenant McKey will be an inspiration to grander service to lustre to the American Red Cross. every Red Cross man and woman, whether in the field Or at home. Red Cross Proficiency in Disaster Relief Shown in Care of Caro- Hina Survivors The schooner Eva B. Douglas landed at 6.30 a. m. Wednesday, June 5, in Brooklyn, with 150 passengers and 94 members of the crew of the Carolina, sunk off the Jersey coast on June 2 by the German submarines in their attack on American coast-wise ship- ping. When the Eva B. Douglas docked she found a Red Cross emergency station com- pletely organized on the pier, and prepared to take the best of care of every survivor. In two hours every man, woman and child was off the ship, had received a generous portion of hot coffee and sandwiches and was on the way to suitable lodgings. It was near the middle of the afternoon of June 4 when Alexander M. Wilson, direc- tor of civilian relief of the Atlantic division, received word from the Navy that the pas- sengers and crew of the Carolina would be landed within the next few hours. Imme- diately he called upon the New York Charity Organization Society and the Brooklyn Bu- reau of Charities, as institutional members, to provide a staff to meet and care for these people. At the same time he made arrange- ments for hospital facilities, ambulances and motor service, canteen service, blankets and first aid supplies. - Everything seems to have been anticipated, even to having interpreters and a special as- sistant, a Filipino, with a fluent command of Spanish and English, to look after the tele- grams and cables. In all there were some thirty people assembled beside the drivers of the busses, ambulances and motors. -- After some six hours delay the Eva B. Douglas swung into her berth and the dis- embarkation began. Through the unqualfied cooperation of the Navy, the New York police and the officials of the N. Y. & Porto Rican Steamship Company, the Red Cross 4 received individual attention. If it appeared that a person was self- sufficient and knew his destination but was unacquainted with the city, he was passed directly to the motor service which assisted him to reach that destination. If, however, it seemed that the person was in need of further service, he was turned over to a special group of workers for more detailed attention. Later in the day all such persons were visited by the institutional members at their lodgings, where it was possible to go more carefully into their individual needs. Such work can not, of course, be impro- vised on the spur of the moment. It comes only as the result of having plans well thought out in advance and then of exe- cuting them with speed and precision. In its many years of experience in disaster re- fief, the Red Cross has developed a tech- nique which stands up under the sudden stress of an emergency and delivers first class service. Presidential Suite in Washington Union Station Turned into Red Cross Canteen President Wilson has authorized the Bu- reau of Canteen Service of the American Red Cross to take possession of the presi- dential and diplomatic suite at the Union Station in Washington. These rooms, for- merly used exclusively for state purposes, will immediately be converted into a rail- road canteen station for soldiers, sailors and marines in transit, and will be in direct charge of the Red Cross canteen committee of the District of Columbia Chapter. At the main entrance to the suite in the east end of the station an information booth and check room will be installed. The big reception salon of the suite is to be used as a rest room, and writing desks, telephone booths, a phonograph and piano will be in- stalled. The solarium, or east porch, facing the park, is to be fitted up as a garden with box flowers, tables, chairs and benches. The reception lobby will be used as a dining- room, where light refreshments or cold drinks will be served. The President’s pri- vate office will be used as a workroom, and the other rooms will be used for the present aS rest rooms. - A battery of shower baths is to be in- stalled, conveniently located just outside the Suite. The first aid room, operating and examining room, and the sixteen bed trans- fer hospital adjoining the suite will also be , operated by the Red Cross canteen workers. 4 - - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Map Showing Location of Prison Camps in Germany and Austria-Hungary Where Captured Americans are Held - *ee º - Havelburg - - - s HaYelburg - ſ &ze - BERLIN & A Hangver § w • WarSay O . Brandenburg * Brunswick & ^. } G E R. M. S A Y , - * * *, - C *] Leipzig l kºsº (Cologne 3.SSé Bresden * * †† $ __ C} & P % & asiegburg Langensalza. > \_-ºl- - R-, }* * a Giessen - ...~" • * cº, .* Limburg à, * º *s cºforº 2~ & tº ~~~~ P / l d . Y: wasaº W ~ * -—’ 4. Sº ^, 's C Mainz, sº ſº * N º {}ME Q) Bayreuth : & \_º - ſº - * S º * * - - } § "Heidelberg Nûremberg -, - Y. ſt K- %Karlsruhe \, Q5. -, *% stuttgart Q S s shut Z. y (Viſiºn, , away. º - - ‘. . Heuberg Munich Q ſº vacz - - - tº 4 & e º tº e º 4 - 6 & © 9 @ ELIOT WADSWORTH More Than $170,000,000 Returns from the second war fund drive, received since the tabulation of subscrip- tions by states and divisions was printed in THE BULLETIN make the grand total $170,038,394. Vacation Time The months that normally are identified with the term “vacation time” are at hand. Some fortunate persons will have their va- cations as usual this year. A very great number will not. The grim business of war recognizes no dog-days. Thousands and tens of thousands who otherwise would be enjoying restful outings according to their tastes are held to serious work in the gen- eral interest of the civilized world. At this time, above all others, no wasteful vacation for anyone is justified. Remember, you who are fortunate enough to get away from daily routine for a summer's outing, that your country and humanity still have a claim on your services. Don’t give up the Red Cross work that has interested you during the preceding months. Don’t forget that there is unceasing work to be done for the boys “over there,” and for the brave peoples who are bearing the most terrible part of the common burden. Wherever you are, a Red Cross chapter or branch will be within visiting distance. To all vacationers, then:—Do some Red Cross work while you are resting. Lend the You will return from your vacation with a more rural chapter workers a hand. peaceful soul if you do. Willing Workers Only The growing seriousness of conditions re- specting transportation, housing, et cetera, prompt the suggestion that the war coun- tries of Europe are no place at present for persons without definite business of actual value to war or war relief work. More than ever, also, applicants for foreign service should understand that they must be will- ing, and able, to remain for an extended period, and to take part in any work that is given to them to do. In accordance with the idea expressed above, and in conformity with statements made by the chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross regarding his observations during a recent trip abroad, the War Council has voted: That on account of the increasing difficulties attendant upon movement and residence within the war zone, and the necessity for conserving every ef- fort toward direct relief and active service, hereafter all applicants for serv- ice with the Red Cross abroad shall be given to understand clearly that the Red Cross commissions abroad do not desire any persons to enter into for- eign service except upon the explicit understanding that they shall be ready at any and all times to undertake any service and in any place, subject to the control and direction of the Red Cross officials under whom they are serving; and that, until further order by the War Council, no person shall be sent to service with the Red Cross abroad for the purpose merely of inspecting the work, with the intention of using the results of such inspection for lec- ture or literary material. The situation in Europe is a situation of emergencies. Emergencies constantly are recurring, and new ones arising. In view of this, it is essential that all applicants for foreign service convince themselves at the outset that the trip is not one to be under- taken lightly. of their own free will, that the trip should In short, they should realize, not be made at all except in the firm deter- mination to accept any sort of service which may be presented under emergency condi- tions, and subject to all possibilities of danger and difficulty inevitably connected with such service. France “Mothers” More Than Two Million Refugees—How They Are Being Distributed The following correspondence of the 48- sociated Press, dated Paris, June 19, gives an idea of the seriousness of the refugee problem in France, to cope with which the American Red Cross is rendering every as- sistance in its power: France has “mothered” more than 2,000,- 000 refugees imposed upon her while she was engaged in war, with the country unpre- pared to receive a helpless mass and with but 40,000,000 population. These 2,000,000 refugees have been han- dled with system. They have been distri- buted over France with as much foresight, as to their ability to adjust themselves, as possible. Each department has now within its borders from 10,000 to 25,000 refugees. When a city is ordered evacuated by the military authorities if possible trains are made up for the civil population. Groups are formed and the whole organized into convoys and their destination determined by the character of the refugees and the in- dustrial necessities of the section of country to which they are sent. The whole is performed by the centralized French Government. The transfer of refu- gees from the war zone to a safe place where they can settle is conducted much as is the transfer of the army from one section to an- other. It is done with military precision, so far as the exigencies of the situation will allow. Home Service for Far-Away Homes Not only every square foot of the United States proper is to be covered by a respon- sible Home Service section, but the terri- tories, the island possessions, the “zones,” the “spheres of influence,” the colonies of Americans in foreign countries—everywhere there are families of soldiers and sailors. In the Hawaiian Islands one home service course of instruction has already been held which was attended by thirteen students. There are 7,000 men in Hawaii in Class A, none of whom were drafted during the first year of the war. As soon as these be- gin to be called, the forehanded Home Serv- ice section will doubtless have plenty for its workers to do. In response to the cabled request of the Commission to Italy, The Red Cross War Council has appropriated the sum of $16,- 320 for the purchase of one thousand cases of prepared babies' food, for immediate shipment. T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN - 5 Meeting the Nursing Situation By JANE A. DELANo Director of the Department of Nursing American Red Cross (This is the first of a series of articles which will deal with the mobilization of the country's nursing resources, to meet the needs of the United States military forces and the civilian population.) The signed enrollments of military nurses, resulting from the opening on June third of the campaign to obtain more than 20,000 graduate nurses for military and naval service, are just beginning to reach Red Cross headquarters. The results, however, already establish beyond question the self- sacrificing loyalty of the nurses of the United States. In a few days after the in- tensive opening drive was inaugurated, more actual enrollments had reached Wash- ington than had been recorded previously in any single month. More than 1,000 nurses were formally enrolled in the Ameri- can Red Cross Nurses’ Reserve in that period. That these are merely the earliest of reg- istrants, is indicated by telegraphic reports from many of the divisions, stating that they expect to surpass the quota of nurses assigned to them. This is the report alike from the Gulf division, from the Pacific division, from the Lake section and from the east. Throughout the middle Atlantic states, and especially in the New York dis- trict and all parts of New England, women trained for nursing are showing not merely willingness, but determination to serve in the uniforms of the Army or the Navy Nurse Corps—the great opportunity opened to women of becoming actual members of the Expeditionary Forces. HoME DEFENSE SIDE On the home defense side, indications are that many graduate nurses not now in actual practice—those who have married or who for various reasons can not enter the military hospitals—are enrolling with the Red Cross for public health nursing, or are volunteering to put their nursing skill, for part time at least, at the service of their communities though civilian hospitals, pub- lic health nursing activities, diet kitchens, milk stations and baby saving agencies. That the Army must have all the com- petent nurses it needs—about 15,000 gradu- ate nurses to each million men under arms —is of course no more debatable than the proposition that it must have men enough to win the war. Similarly the Navy must have all the nurses it can utilize in its hos- pitals here and near European waters. Competent nurses are an essential unit of the fighting forces. With the doctors, they are relied upon to minimize enemy effort and at the same time to maintain the health of our forces for positive action on the fronts. The withdrawal of some 32,000 nurses from civilian duty of neces- sity calls for readjustments, and these re- adjustments must be made by the civil population. The American Red Cross, therefore, in taking measures designed to supply the full needs of the Army and Navy, will at the same time, through the WOMEN OF AMERICA: Training and experience in modern nursing is one of the most valuable gifts you can make to your nation. All possessed of this skill must make it directly avail- able either in military hos- pitals or in home defense nursing. When 32,000 nurses have been withdrawn for service in military hos- pitals, all of the remaining nursing resources must be mobilized. Enroll in the Red Cross for assignment to the mili- tary forces, or for Com- munity Service, which is the second line of defense. full utilization of all our nursing resources, , aid the various communities to maintain their hospitals and public health nursing organizations, and to develop other nursing agencies which, it is believed, will help the nursing needs of the civilian sick. That the American Red Cross has this double duty—to supply all nurses requested by the surgeons general for military service and to cooperate in all possible ways with local health agencies in safeguarding the health of civilians—is clearly defined in its charter and by presidential proclamation. The manual of the Medical Department of the Army, for example, provides that, “The enrolled nurses of the American National Red Cross Nursing Service will constitute the reserve of the Army Nursing Corps, and, in time of war or other emergency, may, with their own consent, be assigned to active duty in the military establish- ment.” HAs DUAL RESPONSIBILITY The Red Cross, as a civilian relief agency, recognizes, however, in no less a degree its responsibility to the community from which nurses have been withdrawn for military Service. The surgeon general of the Fed- eral Public Health Service also relies upon the Red Cross, to supply public health nurses to aid in carrying out the plans now being instituted by him for the protection of the health of civilian communities, as well as that of our armed forces. Upon the nurses available for active work among civilians, after the 32,000 needed this year for the military service are withdrawn, devolves a special reponsi– bility. The importance of their professional skill is enhanced by the fact that many physicians also are withdrawn from private practice. How many such nurses will be available, it is difficult to state with mathe- matical accuracy. A recently taken census of nurses indicates that there are in the United States more than 65,000 registered nurses, and Some 17,000 graduate nurses who have not registered. These figures do not include this year's graduates, estimated at 13,000. Nearly 12,000 of these nurses, however, have already been selected for active service with the Army or the Navy Nurse Corps, or with federal or other pub- lic health nursing agencies for duty directly under the American Red Cross. DUTY Is IMPERATIVE The Army and the Navy in addition have between two and three thousand nurses in their Nurse Corps. But while it is impossible to give exact figures, it is easy, nevertheless, to draw one very positive conclusion: The skill and ex- perience of every woman who has had a nurse's training must be made available in some direct form to the Nation. No woman with these qualifications who is strong enough, and who can be spared by any rear- rangement whatever from family or other duties, is justified in withholding her skill from her neighbors. Every woman who comes forward from retirement in this way to help in hospitals, clinics, dispensaries or public health service, releases to that extent Some nurse who can go to the front for military duty. 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Through Appeals from Numerous Sources Women are Urged to Join Nursing Service The following letter containing a nurse's appeal to other nurses to volunteer for serv- ice in the army hospitals was written to the American Red Cross by a Red Cross nurse, whose record shows that she has been as- signed to the Army Nurse Corps. The name of the camp and the number and name of the nurse are omitted for military 7°62 (M.S. O7. S. U. S. Army Base Hospital, Camp And so the summons came, and I have answered. I am said to be one of the 148 nurses at Camp . . . . . . . . . . —an atom. For as I write, there is pictured before me sixty thousand Crusaders, sixty thousand fighting men, unreasoning, undaunted, ready and Supreme. They have gathered, silently and grimly. They do not hesitate and they do not com- plain. And here we stand, 148 nurses, and sixty thousand of the youth of America, be- tween the dark and the dawn, facing the supreme sacrifice, and ready to give. The number on my Red Cross pin is ——, that is all. In October, 1916, in the midst of playtime, happy in safe ambitions, and singing along life's pathway, I enrolled in the American Red Cross. Truly it was a gay loyalty to an idea which sprouts in cadets’ training. I still have a circular letter, dated March 18, 1918. It is an appeal, almost a prayer, to 65,000 registered nurses of our Nation. It asks for volunteers; and why are there so few 2 A total of 30,000 ready for active service are asked to volunteer by January 1, 1919. It seems to me that the great military struggle has become a test for our profes- sion; a test of its faith in sacrifice, a test of woman’s right to be heard in the councils which shall create new ideals from the holo- caust. One hundred and forty-eight to 60,000 in Camp — today, and the ratio is fair as an estimate of other camps. Our number is pitiably small, although our will and our zeal and our faith are great, One hundred and forty-eight nurses are try- ing to accomplish the work of twice their number, and more. Their reward is the joy of sacrifice, and the consciousness of duty done. Tomorrow they journey on the great adventure, and their foot-steps must be fol- lowed by more women to whom war means more than socks and sweaters and wheat substitutes. Hurry, you of the 65,000 women, trained for the known. If you have not enrolled, then do so mow. If you have not volunteered for active service, how can you escape the finger of duty which points to you now? Thou- sands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thou- sands, victims of the world’s greatest trag- edy will ask the question. (Signed) Miss Mary F. Beard, president of the National Organization for Public Health, addresses the nurses of the country as follows: To THE AMERICAN RED CROSS: Our country now needs hundreds of nurses to care for our soldiers and sailors. The call has come. The imperative need is here. The national organization for public health nursing appeals to every member to do her utmost. New England has already sent more than one-tenth of the total num- ber of nurses in active service. We must do more. - The time has come for every nurse in the country to enroll in the Red Cross. General Gorgas states that the American Red Cross is the great recruiting agency for army nurses and through this agency he wishes to appeal. As Red Cross nurses you be- come a part of this great recruiting force. The Red Cross recognizes teachers and pub- lic health nurses as indispensable for home defense. Special Red Cross insignia de- notes this distinction. Enrollment in the Red Cross unites all nurses and in this union is strength. As members of the American Red Cross, line up for home de- fense and do your part in recruiting for the Army and Navy Nurse Corps. MARY F. BEARD, President National Organization for Public Health. Mrs. Emma S. Brimton, one of the few surviving nurses of the Civil War, regret- ting that her eighty-four years make it im- possible for her to enroll for service in the world war, says to the younger generation: To THE AMERICAN RED CROSS: Every able-bodied young woman in the United States ought to be glad to serve the nation in this war. There ought to be so many of them anxious to go to the front as nurses that it would be difficult to make a selection. I only wish I could go, too. They say I am too old. I feel just as young as I did fifty years ago, and although I never had a school training as a nurse, I know a little about the work behind a battle-field. greatest mission humanity has * The army ought to have more nurses than it needs always ready, and the Red Cross nurses’ campaign ought to stimulate public interest in their work. EMMA S. BRINTON. Miss Clara D. Noyes, President of the American Nurses’ Association and Director of the Bureau of Field Service, Department of Nursing, American Red Cross, has issued the following appeal: - To THE 40,000 MEMBERs of THE AMERICAN NURSEs’ Association: Let my first message be an appeal to en- roll in the Red Cross Nursing Service. To the thousands of nurses who have not yet joined the Association—who perhaps have not yet registered— Let me beg of you to register now. Instead of 40,000 members of the Associa- tion we should have 80,000; instead of 20,000 members of the Red Cross Nursing Service, let us have 40,000. Do you know that the American Nurses’ Association pledged itself to organize the Red Cross Nursing Service? We have re- deemed the pledge; now let us fulfill the un- exampled responsibilities and the marvelous privilege it opens. We nurses are the only women who have been trained for the incredibly great task to which we are called by our government. We are the only women whom the govern- ment permits to go with our Army and Navy. We are the only women to carry on our glorious tradition. - - There is an important duty—a duty defin- ite and vital—for every woman in this coun- try who has had a nurse's training. This may not be a change of duty; it may not be immediate military service. But it is an obligation on every nurse that she be en- rolled in such a way that her services may be known, and THAT SHE may be within communication. * There are many thousands of nurses who are not registered. REGISTER NOW! JOIN THE AMERICAN NURSES’ AS- SOCIATION | ENROLL IN THE RED CROSS NURSING SERVICE | | | Let all stand up and be counted, even if everyone can not immediately accept active service. Let us show the world the strength of our organization and our resources. The Chapter in Peking, China, shipped seven cases of bandages and hospital gar- ments in March. The Shanghai Chapter shipped six cases of surgical dressings in March, and six cases of bandages and knitted garments in April. rº- H E D C R O S S B U L L E TI N - 7 # H 3-4 Fº Things Seen and Heard by Red Cross Observers in Europe, Related by Ivy L. Lee The following article was printed in a recent issue of The New York Tribune: Ivy L. Lee, of 61 Broadway, who, as volunteer assistant to the chairman of the war Council, is in charge of the general pub- licity policy of the Red Cross work both here and in Europe, said yesterday that con- tributions still are coming in from around the world and that the aggregate would be more than $175,000,000. Mr. Lee accompanied Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Red Cross War Council, to Europe in March, visiting all the more im- portant points along the front. “If Mr. Davison never should do anything else,” said Mr. Lee, “I think it could be said of him that in the year 1918, as the directing genius of the Red Cross drive, he showed the American people how generous they could be. I recall that in the early stages of the campaign the managers talked about $25,000,000 and then $50,000,000. The mark of $100,000,000 seemed to be an unat- tainable eminence. And then came the rev- elation of the generosity of Americans the world around when their sympathies are touched. AROUND THE WORLD. “Nothing in our history has happened to bring Americans scattered to remote cor- ners of the earth back to the home hearth- stone, spiritually speaking, like the Red Cross movement. By the way, the scattered Americans, those away from the homeland, were grouped in what was known as the fourteenth division. All the other thirteen divisions were within the United States. Now that the effort is a part of the history of the great war, to me the most attractive thing—the thing that lingers in the memory —is the record made by that fourteenth division. A rough estimate was made of the gross amount that might be expected from this division, and the round figure of $300,000 was set down as a reasonable sum. Before the returns were all in—and they are not all in yet—we discovered that we had had little faith in the compelling power of the Red Cross appeal. The Hawaiian Islands alone turned in $700,000; and the Americans in the city of Shanghai sent sub- scriptions aggregating $100,000. From all over South America, Mexico, the Philippines and the islands of the sea the gifts poured in, until the original estimate looked posi- tively ridiculous. UNLOCKs BoITED Doors. “Now that the drive is over I find that some of the spiritual aspects of the under- taking stay in the memory. A very inter- esting thing was told me in Florence, Italy, when I was there with Mr. Davison in April. Florence has a large American colony, at this time the third largest in Europe. The wealthier Florentines always have been ex- clusive, and they were that way until the Red Cross movement opened their eyes to the fact that they were not outside the brotherhood of man. Americans rarely saw the inside of some of those famous old pal- aces in Florence until the spirit of the Red Cross opened the doors to the “Americana.” Mr. Davison and I were invited to visit the prefect of the city in the wonderful old palace of Lorenzo the Magnificent. We were told that Americans now are welcome callers at the homes of the most exclusive Floren- tines. What the United States has done be- hind the lines through the agency of the Red Cross has unlocked the bolted doors. “In Belgium the most touching things were the affection and confidence of the children in everything American. The little children could not get near enough to the American Red Cross uniform. They reached out to us, and were never so happy as when they could touch us or cling to us with their tiny hands. It is a rather singular thing that some of the Belgian farmers are doing their farm work within a few hundred feet of the front line trenches. In fact, there is a zone between the first and second line trenches that seems to be quite safe. At one spot we found a school with 300 pupils, supported by the Belgian Queen, close up behind the front line trenches in one part of Belgium. The German artillerymen try to locate the distant big guns of the Allies and train their guns on them, and they pay little attention to the farmers tilling the soil just in behind the front line trenches. POINTS OUT SHIELL. “At this school to which I have referred a Belgian boy stood alongside of me one day, when suddenly off on the German front there was a big puff of smoke and then the boom of a cannon. The lad pulled my coat and pointed upward, where a shell was de- scribing an arc in the sky. “Boche P said he, smilingly, as he watched the shell drop two or three miles away, out where perhaps his relatives were in their dugouts. “Another thing that sticks in my memory is the belated recognition by the French as a nation that their ‘seconds'—for want of an exact technical name, let us call them that: the Frenchmen who for one reason or an- other were passed over when the regular levies were made—that these ‘seconds’ were after all the saviors of France in a very large and honorable sense. They were lightly held, these older men, or men with failing eyesight, or with physical defects that ruled them out—lightly held as fighting units until the great drain took nearly all the younger men—and then dawned the day of the ‘seconds.” Regiment after regiment, division after division of them were mar- shalled and sent against the Prussians. Then stood revealed the true spirit of France. These ‘second’ men—fighting like true cru- saders, with the sword of the spirit—they took the places of their fallen sons, and the lines were gloriously sustained. In France, they say that on a certain March 1, they had used up their great army—and on April I, by which time the ‘second’ men had dem- onstrated their power, France had another army more unflinching than the first. THE NEw FRANCE. “I am sure that it will be found that France is a new France, now that the Amer– ican soldiers are pouring in, and that the people understand better what the Red Cross means. As never before, the people of France and Italy and Belgium now real- ize that the American Red Cross means serv- ice, with a big S. In days gone by, per- haps, our people have been foolishly boast- ful about America and Americans. The spirit of the Red Cross is changing all that. Our overseas neighbors now know that the Red Cross is in Europe, close up behind the battle lines, for service. They are going to lean right heavily upon us, and we shall not fail them. “In one of the American hospitals that I visited I saw a German prisoner, who had been picked up literally shot to pieces, with both legs shattered and other wounds. There he was bandaged from toe to waist—ban- daged so that he looked like upholstery, with his legs suspended in the air, at a cer- tain angle, to facilitate certain drainage in the treatment. There were pulleys and weights, and extra nurses and constant at- tendance. And the day Mr. Davison and I were there three or four doctors, American and French, were much animated about him. They had their heads to gether in consulta- tion. I asked them about the case, and the head surgeon said: SURE OF RECOVERY. “That German boy was very badly shot to bits. We didn’t think he possibly could pull through. It looked like he would die any hour of the day. But we made the fight for him, and after looking him over today, we agreed that he would recover, and that 8 H H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN he probably would have the use of his legs. Financial Statement of the American National Red Cross, Showing Condition May 31, and Scope of Operations for Eleven Months It is a very interesting case.” “‘And you said he was—’ “‘Yes, sure—he's just a German private.’ “Until one has seen something of the effects of the havoc wrought by an airplane dropping bombs or training a machine gun on masses of men down below, there is little to help the imagination in picturing their destructive possibilities. Men under the fire just can not stand it. The steel hail cuts a swath in the ranks below. The 'plane sweeps along up there out of reach. There is hardly a limit to its destructiveness. When there is a succession of them, spitting their fiery death, to stand fast under their attacks is more than flesh and blood can do. This is the testimony from the front as I obtained it from scores of witnesses. It seems to me that the day is fast approach- ing when our American airplane fighters will be over there on the battlefront literally by thousands. When that becomes true there ought soon to be an end of the great war. The supremacy of the Allies in air fighting is becoming more marked every day.” Women Employes of Insurance Co Forego Outing to Donate $7,000 to Red Cross For several years the Travelers’ Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., has given an annual outing to its women employes. This year the women voted to forego the pleas- ures of the outing, and requested the com- pany to donate the sum it would have spent on this event to the American Red Cross. The company accepted the idea, and re- cently notified the national headquarters of the American Red Cross of its gift of $7,000 for Red Cross work. This amount repre- sents what would have been spent on the outing. The women employes later will de- termine the specific object to which they de- sire the funds to be applied. The apprecia- tion of the Red Cross for the generous action of the young women has been expressed in the following letter from Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council, to L. F. But- ler, president of the Travelers' Insurance Company: “I have had transmitted to me your letter of the 14th instant, in which you inform us of the action of the Travelers’ Girls’ Club, in voting by a handsome majority to devote their annual field day funds to the Red Cross. You add that this is in addition to their already liberal subscriptions and con- tributions to patriotic and charitable ob- jects. - “The spirit of self-sacrifice shown by the The following financial statement pre- pared for the War Council, by C. G. DuBois, comptroller, indicates the condi- tion of the American National Red Cross on May 31, 1918, as well as the scope of its operations during the eleven months pre- ceding. It does not include the 3,840 chap- ters of the Society. The total actual col- lections for the war fund to May 31st were: 1st drive, $110,475,125.31; 2nd drive, $12,090,633.19, a total of $122,565,758.50; of this, there was refunded to or retained by chapters from: 1st drive, $17,895,211.12, leaving net collections in the hands of the national organization of: 1st drive, $92,- Funds. Fund Balances July 1, 1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . Net Receipts 11 months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Total Appros. Made During II mos. . . . . . Fund Balances May 31, for appropriations 1918, Total Appropriations as above. . . . . . . . . . Expenditures and Advances Thereunder Appropriation Balances Unexpended May 31, 1918 Resources—May 31, 1918. Cash in Banks Securities Owned Accounts Receivable Deduct Accounts Payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balance authorized to appropriations be expended Net Unencumbered Resources May 31, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Endowment Fund. Cash and Securities July 1, 1917. . . . . . . . . Receipts II months Deduct Income Paid into General Fund. . . Endowment Fund Resources May 31, 1918. . . . . . • * g e º e º 40 e º $ tº e º - © tº 6 tº 6 & © tº - • e º e º e º 'º - e º 'º t e e º 0 ° * - • a s e g º e º 'º e º e is t e º e o 'º e º e 4 & e o 'º e e º e º e º 'º e a e e s e º 'º e º 'º e º e º 'º - a e º 'º - e º e º tº e º 'º - e º 'º e º 'º e º 'º © e º 'º e e º ºs • * * * * * * * * * * * & © º 'º - © e º s e º o - © e º sº e º 'º & © * - e º e º e o 'º - - - - e º e s e º - 579,914.19; 2nd drive, $12,090,633.19; total $104,670,547.38. Assuming that the $92,632,- 929.25 war fund appropriations were made out of the proceeds of the 1st drive plus the $1,400,760.49 which was in the war fund on July 1, 1917, it will be seen that only $1,347,745.43 of the money obtained from these sources was left available for appro- priation on May 31st. The receipts reported under Other Funds are chiefly the portion of membership dues which the chapters are required to turn in to headquarters. While the figures are substantially correct, some of them may be changed slightly after final review and audit. - All Other War Fund Funds Except Totals - Endowment - . . . $1,400,760.49 $1,734,143.84 $3,134,904.33 104,670,547.38 12,873,737.24 117,544,284.62 106,071,307.87 14,607,881.08 120,679,188.95 92,632,929.25 8,352,568.77 100,985,498.02 e - tº available $13,438,378.62 $6.255,312.31 $19,693,690.93 92,632,929.25 8,352,568.77 100,985,498.02 . 76,698,262.69 7,046,950.20 83,745,212.89 • * * $15,934,666.56 $1,305,618.57 $47,240,285.13 $37,420,291.64 2,369,726.20 394,665.50 - — $40,184,683.34 3,250,707.28 e - e. e. g. s > → - e º 'º e º e © e º e º e º - e < e < e º e * * * * * * * * * @ e º 'º e 9 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * under existing - © tº & © e º & © 0 tº e º e º 'º 17,240,285.13 — 20,490,992.41 $19,693,690.93 • * * * * * 6 c e º e º e º ºs $1,163,402.68 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 985,225.77 • Q & 4 e º 'º e º e º & e º e 67,195.27 918,030.50 $2,081,433.18 members of the Girls’ Club in foregoing their own pleasures, their enthusiastic loy- alty to the work of the Red Cross, and the circumstances of the gift, are all alike notable, and touch very deeply the apprecia- tion and gratitude of the Red Cross manage- ment. No better proof of their loyalty and devotion to the cause can be offered than such an action at such a time. “We wish we could get before the entire American people, for their emulation, this example of group action set by the Trav- elers’ Girls’ Club. It is to such a spirit of team work that the Red Cross must appeal for the full realization of its aims. “Will you be so kind as to convey to the young women who so unselfishly gave up their well-earned pleasure, our sincerest ap- preciation of their generous and patriotic gift.” - - HY ** P- 5 75 , , , ; ; *. * : * * # * $. r $." THE E RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II JULY 8, 1918 No. 28 Motor Corps Service Now Fully Co- ordinated—New Uniforms and Insignia Prescribed More than six thousand women now are included in the personnel of the Red Cross Motor Corps Service. As a result of a con- ference recently held in Washington at the call of the director of the Bureau of Motor Corps Service, the motor service in six of the principal cities of the country which pre- viously had been independent in its organ- ization, was amalgamated with the Red Cross corps. . This makes the Red Cross Motor Corps Service a thoroughly coordi- nated institution, able to meet the local and inter-local demands for transportation throughout the length and breadth of the land on a nationalized basis. The organizations which have become parts of the Red Cross Motor Corps Service are the Motor Messenger Service, of Philadel- phia; the National Service League Motor Corps, of Atlanta; the National Service League Motor Corps, of New York City and Buffalo; the Emergency Motor Corps, of New Orleans, and the Emergency Drivers, of Chicago. All these organizations were represented at the conference by their commanding officers, who now become com- manders of the Red Cross Motor Corps Service in their respective cities. The four independent services added more than six hundred members to the Motor Corps ranks. In the comparatively few months during which the national bureau has been in con- trol of the volunteer motor corps of the various cities, important progress has been made in efficiency and uniformity of service. Rules and requirements have been standard- ized so that those not enthusiastically sin- cere in their work find no interest in the service. Under the conditions existing a cer- tified driver feels pride in her position. Physical fitness, driving expertness, mechani- cal knowledge, independence in case of road accident, and military drill are require- ments for members of the transportation division. For ambulance drivers the addi- tional requirements are first aid and stretcher drill. For auxiliary aides, who are non-driving members, twelve days ex- perience in the accident ward of a hospital is necessary. - In conformity with the request of the War Department, the uniform of khaki and the insignia formerly employed have been discarded. The new regulation uniform of the Motor Corps is to be of the Red Cross Oxford grey. Commanders will wear three silver diamonds, embroidered on their shoulder straps. Captains will wear two silver diamonds, first lieutenants one, and second lieutenants a gilt diamond. Pearl grey tabs on the collar will indicate staff officers. Service stripes will be worn on the sleeves. The cars of the Service are to be distin- guished by a white metal pennant, bearing the red cross and the words “Motor Corps.” This and the driver’s identification card will be sufficient to give the cars the right of way when on official business. It has been decided that women of the American Red Cross Motor Corps Service shall carry the official telegrams containing information regarding over-seas casualties to the homes of relatives of the killed and wounded. In performing this work aux- iliary members of the corps are in posi- tion to render home service of a tender sort as well, at a time when a woman’s help and sympathy are most valuable. Special Commission to Switzerland Appointed As Result of In- creasing Activities The appointment has been announced of an American Red Cross Commission to Switzerland. Joseph B. Dimmick, of Scranton, Pa., is its chairman. He was at one time mayor of Scranton and has been prominently iden- tified there with works of a public char- acter. He has resided in Switzerland and is thoroughly acquainted with the Swiss people. ... " - - Mr. Dimmick will be assisted by Carl P. Dennett, Boston; Atholl McBean, San Fran- cisco; Ralph S. Stewart, Brookline, Mass.; and Dr. Alfred Worcester, Waltham, Mass., as deputies, all of whom will serve without pay. The general organization of the Commis- sion at the Berne headquarters will include Elton G. Clark, Brookline; Prof. Henry Rushton Fairclough, Palo Alto, Cal.; Henry Reese Roberts, Walter G. Smith, Francis Hardy Duvere, Leon G. Levy, Harry Edwin Heath, Louis Detoy, Miss Florence Smith, Miss Annie Windsor, all of San Francisco. The need of a special commission to Switz zerland has been created by the increased New Volunteers at Headquarters Douglas Stewart, assistant director of the museum department of the Carnegie Insti- tute, Pittsburgh, has been appointed acting director of the Bureau of Prisoners' Re- lief, temporarily succeeding Franklin Ab- bot, who has gone abroad. Franklin C. Irish, a member of the firm of Avey and Irish, Pittsburgh, has joined the staff of the Bureau of Prisoners’ Re- lief as a volunteer. Edward M. Day, a lawyer of Hartford, Conn., will serve as acting director of the Bureau of Communication during the ab- sence abroad, on departmental work, of Director W. R. Castle, Jr. William S. Innis, who has been with the firm of W. W. White and Company, Provi- dence, R. I., and H. J. Diamond, of the Old Colony Trust Company, of Rochester, have been appointed assistants to the director of the Bureau of Communication. • All the above named are serving the Red Cross without pay. activities of the American Red Cross in that country. The commission will have charge of the relief work in behalf of American prisoners held by the Central powers, in- cluding the handling of communications be- tween the prisoners and their relatives in this country. It also will be its duty to ex- tend relief to the many nationals of the Al- lied powers who are living in Switzerland in destitute circumstances, to aid the Swiss in the relief of suffering occasioned by the war, and to take up any activity for which the need may arise. - Plans have been completed for the sum- mer vacations of the children of Paris. Va- cation homes are being established at places in the country. The city and departmental authorities will allow thirty francs a month for each child, the family to furnish an addi- tional thirty francs. A sub-committee, in- cluding a delegate of the American Red Cross, will take charge of the transporta- tion of the sick children. 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . reg ſtºre?" John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADsworth ice-Chairman HARVEY D. Gibson . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council EY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 8TATES HENRY P DAVISON . . . . . . . . . . , Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN Cornelius N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT & & 0 & © 4 tº e ELIOT WADsworth Relief That Saves Relief The practical character of the American Red Cross relief work frequently is ex- pressed in terms distinct from the render- ing of aid to meet the immediate needs of the afflicted. Prevention of suffering àS well as the easing of it, is one of the features of the work of broad scope which the war situation in Europe has developed. A case in point is found in the action just taken by the Red Cross War Council in connection with an industrial situation which met the attention of the American Red Cross Commission to Italy. In cer- tain Italian provinces a number of saw- mills had been compelled to close down or curtail operations because the mill own- ers were unable to get ribbon saws for their plants. The people employed in these mills are of the poorest class, representing the needy families of men at the front and the refugees who had been sent to the districts. Non-employment for them meant added suf- fering. The saws which the employers needed are made only in America and Germany. The German market is closed, of course, and the mill owners for some rea- son had been unable to get the saws shipped from this country. The American Red Cross commissioner to Italy noted the situation and wrote to the headquarters in Washington, asking that 90,000 feet of ribbon saws be purchased and shipped at once, for re-sale to the mill- owners. The request was complied with by the War Council, after it had been as- certained from the War Trade Board that there was no objection to the exportation of the saws desired. An appropriation of $42,228 was made to provide for the pur- chase. It is in work of this character, side by side with that which relieves pain and dis- tress, that ties of everlasting friendship are being cemented between peoples orig- inally drawn together in the defense of liberty. only the greatest humanitarian agency the The American Red Cross is not world ever has known. It is becoming, more and more, a medium for the establish- ment of real fraternity throughout the world which now composes all that there is of civilization. Harvey D. Gibson Becomes Red Cross Commissioner to France; Several Other Changes Harvey D. Gibson, general manager of the American National Red Cross and mem- ber of the War Council, has been appointed Red Cross commissioner to France, reliev- ing Major James H. Perkins of his duties as head of the French organization. Major Perkins will continue in the service as Red Cross commissioner to Europe, having, since the resignation of Major Grayson M-P. Murphy to accept a commission on the staff of General Pershing, served as chief of both the European and French commissions. Mr. Gibson will remain a member of the War Council during his service in France, which is for an indefinite period. George Eaton Scott, of Chicago, who has served the Red Cross national headquarters as assistant general manager, has been des— ignated acting general manager. S. M. Greer, formerly director of the Department of Development, has been appointed assis- tant general manager, and H. G. Atwater, formerly of the Bureau of Standards, has been appointed assistant to the general manager. These changes are made in con- sequence of the departure of members of the general manager's staff for France in company with Mr. Gibson. In the absence of Joseph M. Hartfield, Ralph Wolf will act as legal advisor to the War Council. James G. Blaine, Jr., for- merly assistant director of the Department of Development, succeeds Mr. Greer as di- rector. Austin Gailey succeeds Mr. Atwater as director of the Bureau of Standards. Odds and Ends of Work in France In the presence of Cardinal Amette and many American Red Cross workers, the new tubercular pavilion of the Hospital St. Joseph, Paris, was opened a few weeks ago. At the close of the ceremony the archbishop of Paris paid a tribute to the American Red Cross, whose generosity had made the con- struction of the pavilion possible. # 3& 3& Le Petite Republique notes that the American Red Cross has sent one thousand bed-covers to Havre and a shipment of clothing to Paris, by air route. $ $ 3% The American Red Cross has opened an employment bureau for refugees from the invaded territory in the Department of Indre et Loire. It is located at 14 rue Sebastopol, Tours. 3% º 3% The American Red Cross has given the sum of 150,000 francs to the Hospital of General Malleterre, devoted to the re-educa- tion of the maimed. This gift will provide for additional beds and personnel, and main- tain the barracks for the period of a year. <& $ $ As a result of the great success attend- ing the recent children's welfare exposition at Lyon, France, it has been decided to es- tablish there classes for visiting nurses, the nurses to be selected by the American Red . Cross. The courses will last four months, the graduates becoming licensed visiting nurses who will travel about teaching mothers and children's nurses, and giving simple treatment when necessary. # $ $ The agricultural re-educational center es- tablished by the American Red Cross on a farm near Chenonceaux, is now in operation. It is equipped to accommodate 125 mutiles from the French army. Six barracks are under construction and tools and machinery have been shipped from America. A com- plete dairy equipment has been ordered. $$ $ $ - * Further perfecting the efficiency of its re- lief work in France, the American Red Cross has established a relief information bureau in Paris, with the idea of eliminat- ing all overlapping of activity and of guarding against possible abuse of its serv- ice by unscrupulous persons. A card index system has been installed, covering the iden- tification of the individual or family as- sisted and the names of organizations to which previous applications for assistance have been made. - - THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN 3 The Married Woman on the Second Line of Defense By JANE A. DELANo Director of the Department of Nursing American Red Cross (This is the second of a series of articles dealing with the mobilization of the coun- try's nursing resources, to meet the needs of the United States military forces and the civilian population.) - In this time of war darkness no Woman wishes to hide her light under a bushel. If that light is a nurse's training and ex- perience it is particularly needed at this juncture in military and civilian hospitals and in public nursing activities. Awaiting every woman who has completed her hos- pital training is an opportunity for prac- tical service in helping the nation main- tain the health of its second line of de- fense—the civilian population. No other service women can render can have a more direct bearing on winning the war. All graduate nurses who can do so, should enroll at once, to be assigned to the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, which must have thousands of nurses to complete these essential units of our fighting forces. Women who hold a nurse's diploma and who, because of marriage or other reasons are no longer engaged in active nursing, and who can not serve in the military hospitals, should enroll at once as Red Cross home defense nurses. Home defense nursing will afford them, and at once, opportunity to be- come of direct service to the country. Those enrolled as home defense nurses, and who can be spared from their other duties, should give freely of their time to the nursing service for which they are best qualified. So important has their skill be- come to the community and to the public, that such nurses should consider whether any readjustment of conditions would re- lease them for this important service. For those who can give only a day, or a certain number of hours a week, to nurs- ing, and even for those who can devote but a few minutes at a time to caring for the sick, there still is work to do. In even a few minutes they can give a skilled treat- ment to a neighbor who can not obtain a nurse. By volunteering for a few hours of service, daily or weekly, in hospitals, clin- ics, dispensaries or baby-saving stations, they will help the public, release other nurses for the Army and Navy and at the same time economize the time of physicians whose services are in great demand owing to the withdrawal of large numbers for mil- itary duty. Public health nursing also offers the mar- ried or retired nurse an opportunity to help a number of sick and, what is of especial importance, to assist in forestalling or checking the spread of contagious dis- ease. Others, who can not agree to give any specified time to their former calling, at least can enroll to be summoned when unusual local disaster makes it necessary to gather, immediately, a number of nurses to relieve pain and save life. So necessary does the Red Cross regard this home defense nursing service that it issues a special badge to those women who, not being able to go with our soldiers and sailors, patriotically offer to undertake these nursing activities so vital to our civilian health. Soldier Who Was Near Death Tells of Heroism of Red Cross Nurses Under Fire Private A. C. McLeod, the first American soldier to be wounded in France, was hurt when the Germans bombed a Red Cross hospital. He owes his life, he believes, to the Red Cross nurse who stuck by him in the shattered ward, and saw that he had prompt surgical attention. Two of the nurses were wounded by the same bomb that hurt Mr. McLeod, but the rest of the women, it was stated, were as cool as the men. Here is his own story in which it will be noticed the Red Cross nurse is given the principal place: - “Our hospital, a British-American one in Flanders, was bombed the night of Septem- ber 4, last. I was working in this hospital, at which I had been assigned to the trans- portation section. The patients who could do so went to the bomb-proof cellar when the air-raid opened, but there were a num- ber of soldiers so badly wounded that they could not be moved. A number of nurses stayed with the soldiers, and I remained to help. - - “Suddenly, a bomb made a direct hit and exploded near by. It pretty nearly cleaned out the hospital. My legs were smashed to a pulp and I was raving with pain. I won’t describe the scene about me, for that would be too horrible. A nurse stayed by my side. She stuck to me and saw that I had prompt surgical attention, and I probably owe my life to the immediate amputation which was ordered. The bombing of this hospital cost one nurse an eye, and another a foot. The rest of the nurses were as cool as the men. work of the American Red Cross in France." I can’t say too much for the Statement Defining Red Cross Policy Regarding Men of Draft Age In response to queries from several of the Red Cross divisions regarding the policy of the national organization with respect to the employment of men within the draft age, the acting general manager has issued the state- ment that follows: “Our policy in respect to enrolling such men in foreign service is as follows: They are not accepted unless they have been placed in class 5, section G, because of phys- ical disability, and furthermore, unless the disability is visual. This removes all ques- tion as to whether the representatives of the Red Cross in foreign service should be in the army, as at a glance it can be seen that they would not be qualified for such service. The same policy applies in respect to men enrolled for service in camps and canton- ments in this country. “Our policy in respect to enrolling such men at Division Headquarters is as follows: The Red Cross has never asked for the ex- emption of any one and does not expect to do so. Therefore, any man so enrolled at Division Headquarters is nevertheless in all respects subject to the draft. In respect, however, to those men who have been placed in class 4, because of dependency, or placed in class 5 G, because of physical disability as above set forth, and are not therefore available for military service, but who must under the recent ruling of the Provost Mar- shall General be engaged in some useful work, our position is, that such men so em- ployed in important positions with the Red Cross are within the Provost Marshall's rul- ing and should be retained in Red Cross Service. - “In the event of this question arising each individual case should be examined and passed upon by a responsible Red Cross offi- cial in the Division Office.” The Red Cross War Council has appro- priated the sum of $37,500 for the establish- ment and maintenance of a sanitarium for tubercular Serbian officers in Switzerland. An investigation by the American Red Cross representative in Switzerland has shown that there are about fifty tubercular Serbian offi- cers now in that country, and it was recom- mended that the American Red Cross estab- lish a sanitarium in the mountain district to accommodate that number. The plan has the approval of the Serbian minister to Switzerland. It is intended that specially recommended civilians among the Serbians in Swiss territory, as well as officers, be admitted to the sanitarium. 4 THE RE D C R O S S BULLET IN Donation of sizā,000 to Belgian Red Cross Society, to Help Carry on Important Work On the recommendation of Ernest P. Bicknell, American Red Cross commissioner for Belgium, the War Council has appro- priated the sum of $175,000 to be expended by the Commission for France as a contri- bution to the Belgian Red Cross Society. The sources from which the Belgian Red Cross Society has been receiving subscrip- tions have become exhausted in the progress of the war. It is reported by those on the ground that to carry on the work properly the Society should have approximately 500,- 000 francs a month. Inasmuch as it has been compelled greatly to reduce its work, however, it is deemed unnecessary to try at this time to lift it back to its former plane; but to do the minimum of work required it must have at least 200,000 francs a month. In his cablegram transmitting the recom- mendation of Mr. Bicknell, Major Perkins, Commissioner for France, reported that the Belgian Red Cross was responsible for the operation of five hospitals, maintaining 4,000 beds. The average cost per patient in these hospitals is approximately seven francs a day. Experience has shown an average of patients under care of not to exceed one- half the hospital capacity, recent shifts in the military situation and certain changes in control of military hospitals having given the Belgian Red Cross its present respon- sibilities. It was calculated that the cost of operat- ing the hospitals for one year would approxi- mately 5,000,000 francs, and it was pro- posed, therefore, that the American Red Cross make a grant of 1,000,000 francs ($175,000) to cover the expenses of the work during the remainder of the current year. This will leave substantially the same amount to be provided by the Belgian Red Cross and the Belgian government. With this provision, in the opinion of the commis- Sioners for France and Belgium, the impor- tant work of the Belgian society can go for- Ward without serious dimunition of its activity or its efficiency. American Red Cross Men Go Over Grenades to Get Wounded When the hand-grenade depot at La Cour- neuve, north of Paris, blew up, the Ameri- can Red Cross ambulance station located the disaster by the cloud of yellow smoke. Five ambulances were rushed out and were the first upon the scene. The explosion had practically destroyed nearly all the houses in the small neighboring communities and though the death list was small—owing to the warning the workmen gave just before the first of the three thundering detonations —there were many wounded in their homes, by falling walls and ceilings. The depot was ablaze when the Red Cross ambulances arrived and from the centre of the conflagration came the incessant burst- ing of grenades. Although pieces of metal and grenades themselves were flying through the air with every explosion, the Red Cross men went to the very edge of the fire, crawl- ing on hands and knees over piles of live grenades, in search of the wounded. It was a fine instance of courage and more than one Paris paper so characterized it. A number of wounded were rescued and sev- eral of the dead were picked up by ambu- lanciers, who remained on duty until there was no more work to be done. Families of Victorious Italian Sol- diers Receive Money—Other Relief Work in Italy A press cablegram from Rome says: One million lire for the support of needy families of Italian soldiers who participated in the victory against the Austrians was given to the Italian Red Cross on behalf of the American Red Cross by Maj. Robert Perkins, head of the American Red Cross mission to Italy, before his departure for America today. The work of the American Red Cross among the civilian population in the past six months has been most varied and most helpful. Agencies have been established in every district throughout Italy. Thirty can- teens are supplying 131,000 weekly rations; forty-three workrooms are employing more than 3,000 women, and the Red Cross is caring for over 13,000 children in schools and about 5,000 children in health centers and summer colonies. There are seven mobile canteens at the front and numerous stationary canteens and rest stations for the soldiers. Going and coming from the battle line are 100 ambu- lances, which have received the highest praise from Italian officials during the re- cent fighting. The Children's Bureau of the American Red Cross in France has opened a dispen- sary for women and children at St. Nicholas (Mourthe et Moselle). The clinic will be under the direction of Dr. E. L. Blair, as- sisted by nurses from the American Fund for French Wounded. - . Major Perkins Says That Red Cross Now Has Refugee Situation Under Good Control The following cablegram from Major James H. Perkins, American Red Cross commissioner to Europe, was received at national headquarters under date of July 3: The situation is much less acute now. At the request of French authorities we have taken full charge in cooperation with them of refugee work in Paris. The Ameri- can Red Cross is better organized than ever to handle the refugee situation and we are meeting all demands both at sta- tions along the road and here at Paris. Our efforts have been concentrated and tremendously expanded to meet the emer- gency. - All organizations, including government agencies, are working together, the Ameri- can Red Cross supplying the greater part of the food and clothing needed. Paris is only a way station where we supply medical care, food, clothing, shelter and transpor- tation. It is on the arrival of the refugees at their destination in various departments of the interior that more serious and per- manent relief becomes possible, and this we are supplying in 72 departments, in- cluding more or less permanent installation of families in new homes. Besides the heavy emergency work at the railway stations, the American Red Cross installed 12,000 persons in lodgings in May and aided 83,000 persons in various depart- ments. The American Red Cross is more and more depended upon by the authori- ties for aid in handling refugees, and a new development is that at many points the American Red Cross is taking command of the situation at the instance of the au- thorities, instead of merely supplying aid as formerly. - Merchandise distributed to the refugees by the American Red Cross in one month has included 156,000 articles of clothing, 20,000 pairs of shoes, 18,000 pieces of furni- ture, 13,000 kitchen utensils, nearly 50,000 pieces of bedding, 15,000 kilos of condensed milk and great quantities of other food stuffs. Foster H. Rockwell, of the American Red Cross Commission to Great Britain, has been granted the title of deputy commis- sioner, with the assimilated rank of major. David William Roberts, of the commis- sion to Great Britain, has been granted the title of inspector, with the assimilated rank of captain. *: partisan, dates for office. Aº. twº * — WASHINGTON, D. C. THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS º JULY 15, 1918 No. 29 Ban Placed on Political Candidacy of All Holding Executive Red Cross Positions Pursuant to instructions from the War Council, George E. Scott, acting general manager of the American Red Cross, has is- sued the following statement addressed to division managers relative to political ac- tivity on the part of Red Cross workers: “The first general election since the en- trance of the United States in the war, is to take place before long. The Red Cross is and must be maintained a strictly non- non-political organization. The reasons for this are so obvious to everyone that they need no elaboration. “Membership in the Red Cross includes so many people and there are so many men of prominence engaged in its work either at home or abroad, that it is not at all unlikely that many of them will be candi- No matter how sincerely any Red Cross official or worker may strive to keep separate his Red Cross work from any possible political ambitions which he may entertain, he may and probably will be quite unable to prevent his friends from using his connection with the Red Cross in order to gain favor with the voters. “While such action can not be controlled, all candidates for office who are at heart sin- cere well-wishers for the Red Cross, should realize that they must do all in their power to prevent the public from gain- ing an impression that political preferment can or should directly or indirectly be af- fected by Red Cross work either at home or abroad. The text of Red Cross service to mankind is stamped by the approval of the American people, regardless of politics, race or religion. No taint of selfishness or self-seeking can be allowed to creep into the work, endangering and even perhaps de- stroying its great accomplishment. “Accordingly, the Red Cross War Council instructs me to direct that you request all officials of the Red Cross either in chapters or division headquarters, who are in any po- sition of executive authority and who at the same time contemplate candidacy for pub- lic office, either to resign in their official ca- pacity from the Red Cross or to refrain from such candidacy. At the same time, we ask that you give this statement the broadest publicity and that you use every influence of your office to prevent, in so far as is possible, the use of the Red Cross or of its services either directly or indirectly in the advancement, or in connection with the political campaign of any person.” Japanese Red Cross Commission is Recipient of Many Honors on its Way to France A special commission of the Japanese Red Cross, on its way to France, is due to arrive in Washington Tuesday, July 16. During their stay in the national capital the members of the commission will be the guests of the American Red Cross, which will hold a reception in their honor. At the head of the commission is Prince Tokugawa, descendant of a Shogun family, from which Japanese emperors have sprung, and which traces its history, in an unbroken line, more than two thousand years. The prince is deeply interested in Red Cross work. The other members of the commis- sion, men of prominence in the professional and social life of Japan, are: - Dr. Arata Ninagawa, D.C.L., Dr. Shig- emi Sawamure, M.D., Dr. Yasushi Naito, Dr. Sadaka Kageyama, Mr. Hidea Yoshida, Mr. Hideya Furusawa, Mr. Chuichiro Fuji- mori, Count Kuwashi Katsu. Study of the work of the American Red Cross, especially in Europe, with view to adding to the efficiency of the Japanese Red Cross, and giving greater assistance to the cause of the Allies, is the main objective of the commission. . The idea of sending such a commission to France was inspired by the visit to the Orient last winter of Frank N. Doubleday, special commissioner for the Foreign and Insular Division of the Amer- ican Red Cross. Mr. Doubleday aroused so much interest in what the American Red Cross is doing for all the Allies in the war that the Japanese Red Cross leaders decided the work should be studied at close range. In accordance with national traditions, the Japanese commission brings gifts from its country. The gifts in this instance are large quantities of absorbent cotton and gauze, for presentation to the American Red Cross. American Red Cross Supplies Serum to Prevent Deadly Gaseous Gangrene in Wounds A six months’ supply of bacilli Welchi serum for the cure and prevention of the deadly gaseous gangrene, or malignant gas- eous edema, amounting to 120,000 doses, has been ordered by the American Red Cross in this country for shipment to the Red Cross Commission in France. The serum is a de- velopment of the last year or so and the supply is limited. When a request was re- ceived from the Commission to France for the shipment of 20,000 doses monthly, the War Council immediately took steps to in- sure a supply for the future by placing an order as above stated. The sum appropri- ated for the purpose was $91,800. The bacilli Welchi, a small, spore-bearing germ which is the cause of gaseous gan- grene, was discovered by Dr. W. H. Welch, of Johns Hopkins University, a member of the Medical Advisory Committee of the American Red Cross, in 1892. The disease in question develops within a few hours of the time when the wound is received and, if left to itself, invariably proves fatal. Its duration is from twelve hours to four days. From careful anatomical studies it has been demonstrated that the disease develops only in wounds involving muscle tissue. Experiments recently conducted in the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, by Dr. Carroll, G. Bull and Ida W. Prichett, seemed to prove conclusively that the for- mer ideas as to the action of this germ were erroneous, and that its pathological results are due to an exo-toxin, manufactured lo- cally and absorbed into the circulation. In the experiments five cultures of bacillus Welchi were studied and compared. Four came from infected wounds in the western theater of the war, and one was obtained from a personal article of clothing, a favor- ite habitat of the germ. . As a result of the experiments an immune serum, or anti-toxin, has been developed. This anti-toxin is protective and curative against infection with the spore and the vegetative forms of the bacillus Welchi. It is used, and is in its effect, the same as the anti-toxin of diphtheria in the present-day treatment of the latter disease. 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Prisoners’ Relief Thoroughly Or- ganized—Extra Warehouse to be at Copenhagen The American Red Cross, through its rep- resentative at Berne, Switzerland, Carl P. Dennett, is forwarding supplies to all Amer- ican prisoners of war confined in German prison camps. the supplies consisted mainly of bread, made in and shipped from Berne, and Sup- plementary packages of food shipped from time to time from London, through the British Red Cross. The business of caring for our prisoners is now organized on a more practical basis. The American Red Cross has leased a large warehouse at Berne and it is in the hands of an efficient organization. The War Depart- ment has shipped to this warehouse food and clothing for the military prisoners. The naval prisoners are furnished with food and clothing by the American Red Cross, and an accounting of the cost of these supplies is given to the Navy Department, which in turn reimburses the Red Cross for the ex- penditures made. In the case of civilian prisoners, many of whom were taken from torpedoed ships in the early days of the war, food and clothing is supplied entirely by the Red Cross. As soon as a man is officially reported as a prisoner of war, a twenty pound parcel of nourishing food is sent. him each week, as well as proper clothing, certain luxuries, toilet articles and tobacco. The War De- partment has furnished uniforms for the enlisted men, but, as it was not able to furnish uniforms for the officers, the Red Cross has established a tailor shop at Berne, where officer’s uniforms are made and sent to those officers who are confined in German prison camps. - FooD IN PLENTY. A. typical shipment of supplies for this purpose may be listed roughly as follows: Flour, 60,000 lbs. Fat Backs, 6,000 lbs. Canned Peas, 325 doz. cans. Canned Corn, 325 doz. cans. Evaporated Milk, 3,000 lbs. Ground Coffee, 12,000 lbs. Oleo, 12,000 lbs. l Soap, 3,600 bars. Cigarettes, 360,000. Pork and Beans, 900 dozen. Sugar, 16,000 lbs. Rice, 10,000 lbs. Canned Meat, 30,000 lbs. Jam, 12,000 lbs. Biscuits, 18,000 lbs. When this work was started - Dried Fruit, 8,000 lbs. Pipe Tobacco, 22,250 pkgs. Cocoa, 1,500 lbs. Eating Chocolate, 1,500 lbs. Assorted Soups, 7,800 %–pt. cans. Soup Powders, 7,800 pkgs. Spaghetti, 8,000 cans. Briar Pipes, 1,000. Eating Chocolate, 10,000 lbs. Oatmeal, 10,000 lbs. A typical individual package sent to a prisoner consists of the following: Corn Beef, 2 lbs. Roast Beef, 1 lb. Salmon, 2 lbs. Corn Beef Hash, 2 lbs. Pork and Beans, 2% lbs. Dried Beans, 1 lb. Tomatoes, Corn and Peas, 2 lbs. Hard Bread, 5 lbs. Granulated Sugar, 1 lb. Prunes, 1 lb. Salt and Pepper. Soap, I bar. SPECIAL Food For INVALIDs. Supplementing this Army ration the American Red Cross adds cocoa, jam, rai- sins or figs, chocolate or hard candy, and 100 cigarettes or their equivalent in tobacco in some other form. The surgeon general’s department of the United States Govern- ment has, in connection with the American Red Cross, worked out an invalid ration which is issued by the government and the Red Cross for shipment to prisoners of war who are reported as being ill. At the present time there is sufficient food at the warehouse in Berne, or in transit, to supply 10,000 prisoners for a period of six months. It is earnestly hoped that they are not going to need this amount, but it is well to be prepared. In order to meet every emergency a similar warehouse has now been leased at Copenhagen, Denmark, under the direction of Messrs. Yeslin & Stein. It will contain 5,000 rations and will be pre- pared, in an emergency, to take up the work of prisoners’ relief at a moment’s notice. As a further safeguard, a reserve supply of food and clothing is stored in France. It may be seen from the above account that an organization has been established, which, through the generosity of the United States Government, and by the American people as represented by the American Red Cross, is in a position to take proper care of all American prisoners. The Bureau of American Prisoners’ Re- lief in this country, as well as the Division of Allied Prisoners’ Relief, is located at the American Red Cross Headquarters at Wash- ington, D. C. • Women’s Advisory Committee Re- ports on Standardization of Red Cross Uniforms The Woman’s Advisory Committee of the , American National Red Cross held its regu- lar monthly meeting at National Headquar- ters July 9 and 10. This was the first meet- ing of the Committee since its functions were re-established and its usefulness enlarged, in accordance with a plan formulated by the general manager. In the absence of the chairman, Mrs. William K. Draper, and at the request of the vice-chairman, Mrs. E. H. Harriman, Miss Mary Goodwillie, of Baltimore, secre- tary of the Committee, presided. The mem- bers present were Mrs. Preston S. Ark- wright, of Atlanta; Mrs. August Belmont, of New York; Mrs. Randolph Coolidge, Jr., of Boston; Mrs. Joseph M. Cudahy, of Chicago; Mrs. Frank V. Hammar, of St. Louis; Mrs. George Wharton Pepper, of Philadelphia, and Mrs. Leonard Wood. At the meeting of the Committee held June 5 and 6, Mrs. Cudahy and Miss Good- Willie were appointed a special committee to consider with Miss Peters, the executive secretary, and Miss Taft, superintendent of garments, the question of Red Cross uni- forms for women workers. The report and recommendations of this special committee engrossed the attention of the women for practically the entire meeting. The ques- tion of the standardization of Red Cross uniforms worn by women throughout the Country has become a matter of real im- portance. Instruction pamphlet “A. R. C. 403; Uni- forms for Red Cross Women Workers in the United States” is at present being re- vised and enlarged, and the Committee is giving every consideration to the subject and submitting definite recommendations to the General Manager. Care is being taken to be sure that the uniforms provided can be adapted to all climatic conditions. An asylum for child refugees has been inaugurated at Dreux. A clinic for mothers and children has been opened at Neuves Maisons under the American Red Cross and the Communique Americain pour les Blesses Francais (Amer- ican Fund for the French Wounded. The American Red Cross has added 100,- 000 francs ($20,000) to the 500,000 francs already given for the building of the Bel- gian refugee village at Sanvic, a suburb of Havre. A dozen houses already have been erected. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 Civilian Relief Directors Have Con- ference in Washington—Home Service the Theme “There can be no doubt of the welcome which will be given the Red Cross home service worker by the American officer and the American soldier in France,” said W. Frank Persons, director general of Civilian Relief, addressing the Washington confer- ence of division directors of Civilian Relief, at their dinner meeting last Tuesday night. Men and women from every Red Cross di- vision in the United States, representing the organization which the American Red Cross has built up in order to take care of the families of soldiers and Sailors in France, were assured by Mr. Persons, who recently returned from Europe, that home service had already begun to be a most effective agency for maintaining the morale of the American army. “When a man is assured that his family is well taken care of he will fight with more assurance and success,” said Mr. Per- SOIlS. The question of morale was before the members of the conference for several dis- cussions, including a meeting held Tuesday afternoon with Captain Perkins of the newly organized section on morale for the gen- eral staff. Captain Perkins heard from va- rious division directors what had been done by home service workers in camps such as Camp Gordon, in the Southern Division, where men are acquainted with home Ser- vice as soon as they arrive, and are urged to rely upon it if their families can be helped in any way. Plans for co-operation between the army and the home service workers were suggested by Captain Perkins. RIGHT AND WRONG WAYS. The part which the Red Cross home ser- vice can play in the rehabilitation of the crippled soldier was discussed Monday af- ternoon with James P. Monroe, of the Fed- eral Board of Industrial Education, and Lt.-Col. Bordley, the surgeon general’s of fice, and of the Red Cross Institute for the Blind. How the family of the disabled man could be encouraged to back him in his efforts to regain a normal place in the industrial world, and how too kind friends can be kept from making a disabled man into a confirmed beggar by helping him in the wrong way, were explained. Plans of the government which are still in a tenta- tive state, whereby the Smith-Sears law will be administered for the benefit of disabled men, and they will all be given an oppor- tunity to become better industrially than they ever were before by means of thorough re-education, were described by Mr. Monroe. The activities of home service workers in the rehabilitation work have been outlined in a manual on after-care of disabled men, by C. E. Lakeman, of the Red Cross head- quarters staff. HIGH IDEALISM; AS PRACTICALLY APPLIED |HERE is a high ideal in the nursing profession which g outlasts the actual years of service and a spirit of patriot- ism which some of us, comfort- ably doing what we “are able” might well remember. For the past seven years Mrs. Sarah Locke had been an in- mate of the Leamy Home in Philadelphia, like other old ladies, she spent much of her time knitting for the sol- But her former years of and there, diers. training and work made her real- ize that she had more to offer her country than a few sweaters or pairs of socks. She was too old to join the Red Cross and go abroad, but not too old to free a younger woman for that service. She applied for and received a position the Philadelphia Hospital for Contagious Dis- eases; and after two months the wrote of her: “She did general duty in the scarlet fever wards during a very active and heavy service. She worked faithfully and well and made it plain to me that she did not wish to be spared and sought in there, supervising nurse no favors. She demonstrated to the younger nurses that any- thing that added to the comfort and welfare of the patients was not menial, but nursing. As she considered her allowance from the needs, she invested the money she earned here ($100.) in a Liberty Bond.” home sufficient for her No uniforms and no official insignia will be worn by home service workers, following the unanimous decision of Tuesday after- noon when the advantages and disadvan- tages of the uniform were gathered from the experiences of directors who had tried them. OTHER SUBJECTS DISCUSSED. Other subjects brought before the direc- tors by Mr. Persons and by J. Byron Dea- con, Assistant Director General of Civilian Relief, were the information service, where- by families are helped in getting allowances or other difficulties of a legal nature straightened out, publicity, office methods for directors, and communications between men in service and their people at home. Those attending the conference which lasted through the week included the fol- lowing directors and associate directors of civilian relief: Mrs. William H. Lothrop, Miss Katharine McMahon, Boston; Cheney C. Jones and Mrs. Martha Megee, Philadel- phia; Frank J. Bruno, Minneapolis; James L. Fieser, Cleveland; Alfred Fairbank, St. Louis; Alexander M. Wilson, New York; J. C. Logan and Maurice Willows, Atlanta; Charles J. O’Connor, San Francisco; J. L. Gillin and C. C. Stillman, Chicago; T. Slater Johnson, W. E. Harris, Miss Esther Bald- win and T. J. Edmonds, Washington; Miss Gertrude Vaile, Denver; F. P. Foisie, Seat- tle, and Harry L. Hopkins, New Orleans; Porter T. Lee, New York City, and Dr. T. J. Riley, Brooklyn. American Red Cross Workers Decor- ated by Serbian Government The State Department has transmitted to the War Council of the American Red Cross a communication received from the Serbian Legation in Washington, advising the de- partment that by a decree of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Serbia, Alexander, decorations had been bestowed On Several Red Cross officials, for services rendered to Serbians in the war during 1917. On the following the royal order St. Sava of the third class has been bestowed: H. C. Beatty, Russel Greeley and Rev. Dr. Wat- SOII. The royal order St. Sava of the fourth class has been bestowed on Horace Stanton, American delegate at the Mission de Co- ordination des Secours aux Armees d’Orient, and Geoffrey Dodge, secretary of the divi- Sion of help to hospitals at the American Red Cross. - - The courtesy displayed by the Serbian government, as above stated, has been made a matter of formal record in the minutes of the Red Cross War Council. 4. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE AM E. R. I CAN R E D C F O SS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WoodRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President RoRERT W. DE FOREST Vice-Preſident John SKELton WILLIAMs Treasurer Joh N. W. DAVIs Counselor Stockton Axson Secretary * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tº 4 ºn tº tº 3 & e º & º 9 & * * * : « g º £ tº ſº gº º # = WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIor WADsworth Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBson . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council RY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAvrson Chairman GEORGE. B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN Cornr LIUs N. BLISs, JR. Ex Officis WILLIAM HowARD TArt & 8 ºr e º e º ºs e 3 & • * * * * * * * * * * * ELIOT WADSWORTE; Beware Politics Careful reading and digestion of the timely statement regarding the possible political aspirations of persons occupying positions of responsibility in the organization of the American Red Cross, printed on another page of this issue of THE BULLETIN, are commended to Red Cross workers in gen- eral. The statement issued by the acting general manager of the National American Red Cross has particular reference to executives in Red Cross work who may become candidates for political office. It conveys, however, a warning to all leaders and to the rank and file with respect to the use of Red Cross po- sition or status for any partisan political purpose, of any kind, shape or form. With- in a year the American Red Cross has grown to such mammoth proportions that its great- ness and its prestige might afford a field of temptation to unscrupulous persons—but there not much danger from that source. The Red Cross as a whole can not be exploited politically. The principal is thing to guard against is the use of the work or the name to serve the personal ends of political workers in the relatively small political divisions of the country. The Red Cross is omnipresent and all- embracing—in a term well understood, it is a “good mixer.” But there is one thing with which it will never mix, and that is politics. Therefore, the well-intentioned worker of the Red Cross who feels the call to political follow the which has been presented in good season. duty certainly will advice To hesitate will be to tempt fate, which ever is flirting with one’s zealous friends. As for the person who, in a professional political capacity, deliberately attempts to use the Red Cross or make capital out of his connection therewith, he undoubtedly will be accorded proper treatment. Postage on Red Cross Mail Attention has been called to the fact that much mail from America to Red Cross workers in France bears a five cent stamp. Members of families of Red Cross workers abroad and friends in this country should remember that mail for them, when ad- dressed in care of the American Red Cross, is entitled to pass as American Expedition- ary Force mail, which requires only three cents in postage. Dr. Lucas Returns to France to Re- sume Child Welfare Work Dr. William P. Lucas, in charge of the American Red Cross work for the children of France, returned last week to Paris, after a stay of two months in this country. While here he spoke before the convention of the American Medical Association, in Chicago, and also the meeting of the Amer- ican Pediatric Society, in Lenox, Mass. On a speaking tour that included New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, Washington, Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver and San Francisco, Dr. Lucas explained the work of the Red Cross in caring for the French children. He was accompanied by Dr. Armand Delille, major of the French Army medical corps, and Dr. C. F. Gelston, a lieutenant of the American medical corps, detailed to his staff, both of whom spoke with him in the different cities. Returning with Dr. Lucas, in addition to Dr. Delille and Dr. Gelston, is Dr. Roy L. Haynes, a well-known pediatrician of New York, and an assistant professor at Colum- bia University. Dr. Lucas’ staff now num- bers 400, made up of about seventy doctors and two hundred nurses, in addition to social service workers and others. Central’s New Man ager Howard W. Fenton, Vice-President of the Harris Trust and Savings Bank Co., Chicago, has been appointed division man- ager of the Central division, as a full time volunteer to succeed Bruce D. Smith, as of July 1, 1918. Mr. Smith is going abroad in Red Cross service. Impossible to Exaggerate Extent of Red Cross Work, Writes Mr. Coudert from France The following is from a personal letter written by Frederic R. Coudert, of New York, which was not intended for publica- tion, but which THE BULLETIN has been given permission to print through the cowr- tesy of the recipient, Paul Fuller, Jr., direc- tor of the Bureau of War Trade Intelli- gence: The Red Cross is doing amazing work. Yesterday evening I visited with Kings- burg, former New York charity commis- sioner, the Red Cross establishments for re- ceiving refugees at the Gare du Nord and Gare de l’Est. Numbers of these people were arriving hourly and were being ad- mirably fed, clothed and cared for, from the smallest babies up to the very old people. The sight was one never to be forgotten, and the histories of the various refugees were of pathetic interest. One very old couple, who had four sons at the front, one of whom had been killed and two wounded, had left Compiegne in a pony car, in the middle of the night. The pony had been killed on the road by a pass- ing auto, and they had to remain until day- light where they were. Finally, they were able to reach the station and get a refugee train. None of these people was crying or complaining, but accepted the loss of all with stoic calm. It was singularly impres– sive; and I doubt whether such a thing would have been possible in any other country. Tell everyone you see of the work the Red Cross is doing for suffering humanity in France. You could not exaggerate its ex- tent and the devotion of its agents, try as you might. Food for Swiss Relief Work At a recent conference of American Red Cross officials in Europe it was unanimously agreed that conditions demand that the Red Cross supply about 100 tons of food per month for invalided Italian and Serbian prisoners repatriated through Switzerland, for a Swiss hospital for tubercular Serbians and for other relief work in Switzerland. Acting on this advice the War Council has appropriated the sum of $84.312 for the pur- chase of a three months’ supply of food- stuffs and a quantity of gasoline. It is esti- mated that ten tons of canned meats, ten tons of coffee, five tons of canned milk, . thirty-two tons of flour and various quan- tities of Sugar, jam, rice and beans must be shipped monthly. T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN 5 Home Health Protection BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the third of Miss Delano's arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) - Every woman who wishes to serve her Na- tion and at the same time fit herself to pro- tect her home should follow without delay, the example of some 60,000 women who felt that knowledge of home sanitation and mod- ern nursing was as necessary to the modern housewife as ability to cook palatable food. That they might take measures that would protect their households from preventable diseases, and be able by intelligent sick- room methods to hasten recovery of their sick, they completed the Red Cross course in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick. Today, when thousands of nurses and physicians are being withdrawn from civi- lian practice to serve in our military and naval hospitals, these homes are in a pecu- liarly fortunate position. No one of these women would assert for a moment that she could replace a graduate nurse in a serious case. But if no graduate nurse is obtain- able, every one of these women should be prepared to carry out intelligently her phy- sician’s orders, to perform with sufficient skill many attentions unknown except in a hospital, to use convenient appliances, and in many ways add to the patient’s comfort. In case of contagious disease they are better able to prevent its spread to others. They have not been taught how to treat disease but they have learned how to apply certain simple precautions which go far to protect a home from sickness, especially from the preventable diseases which in the absence of sanitary precautions quickly become epidemic. OTHER PRACTICAL BENEFITs. As home sanitarians they are especially valuable to their own homes and to the com- munities in which they live. They make use- ful aids in baby-saving and other cam- paigns. They are in a position to render special service to stricken neighbors. Every one of them, even if she never has to deal with a case of sickness has become a better housekeeper because of the knowledge she has acquired. The war has begun to make clear to al- most every household the especial impor- tance of health protective knowledge and some training in caring for the sick. We must preserve the strength of our munition makers, the men and women concerned with WAR HEALTH AXIOMS VERY sick civilian worker means waste of war power. Every sick child withdraws an adult from needed work. Every case of serious illness increases pressure on doctors, nurses and hospitals. Women, as a real war serv- ice, must prepare themselves to prevent needless illness, to care intelligently for the sick in their homes and thus to hasten re- covery and return to usefulness. The Red Cross course in Ele- mentary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick prepares women for this life-saving, energy-con- serving war activity. our means of transportations and communi- cation, and all those thousands of people in the industries supplying necessities for the troops and those at home. Hospitals, dis- pensaries and public health organizations realize the unusual importance of maintain- ing civilian health, and are mobilizing their resources for the protection and relief of the greatest possible number. But care of the sick is frequently a home matter. Trained nurses are becoming more and more difficult to secure for individual cases, and hospitals must largely minister to those seriously ill or in need of surgical or special attention. The time of physicians must be economized. The answer clearly is that not 50,000 but that millions of women should prepare themselves in Red Cross courses to help intelligently with their own sick, or to aid the community in its health activities. CHAPTERs URGED TO ACT. To every Red Cross chapter in the United States this is an urgent call to establish without delay such courses, and to leave no step untaken to induce all women to attend these war-winning lessons and demonstra- tions. To every woman, this message would con- vey an earnest invitation to avail of this special opportunity coupled with an urgent statement of the necessity for gaining this home protective skill. Some thirty thou- sand nurses are to give their skill, often at risk of life, to save the nation’s men in uni- form. Others enrolled as home defense nurses will, in hospital or through public health organizations, devote their time to protecting the health of their communities. But every woman who is willing to spend a few hours in these courses can also ren- der very direct service. She will be in a position to keep her workers on their war job. By keeping her home free from pre- ventable disease, she will keep it from be- coming a passer on of epidemic. By lessen- ing sickness in her household, she will re- duce its draft on our remaining medical resources. She will be able to help intelli- gently to develop community or neighbor- hood health protective measures and to as- sist graduate nurses in their public services. Finally, should serious illness visit her home and it be impossible to secure a grad- uate nurse, she will be able to perform with sufficient skill many nursing operations unknown to those who have never come into direct contact with modern nursing methods or modern sick-room appliances. She will be able to carry out the physician’s orders unfailingly and thus save much of his time. Her patient will be far more comfortable and his convalescence greatly hastened. Often, the skill thus acquired may mean the difference between speedy recovery or last- ing illness. Enter one of these home health protection courses today. Nominations for Committee on Nur- sing Service Confirmed In conformity with the recommendation of Miss Jane A. Delano, transmitting the request of the American Nurses’ Associa- tion, the following have been appointed members of the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service by the War Council, for the period of three years from Decem- ber, 1917: Miss Anna C. James, California State Board of Health, Sacramento; Miss Annie Goodrich, surgeon general’s office, Washing- ton; Miss Helena McMillan, Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago; Miss Agnes Deans, American Red Cross, Washington, D. C.; Miss Mary C. Wheeler, Illinois Training School for Nurses, Chicago; Mrs. C. V. Twiss, New York City; Miss Sophia Palmer, Rochester; Miss Grace O’Bryan, Boston; Miss Edna Foley, Chicago; Miss Agnes Tal- cott, Department of Health, Los Angeles. These appointments are to fill vacancies which existed as a result of the expiration of the terms of ten members of the com- mittee who were appointed for the period of one year in December, 1916. 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Division Directors of Junior Mem- bers Meet to Review. Their First Year’s Work A conference of the national officers and the division directors of the Bureau of Junior Membership was held from June 28 to July 3. The purpose of the conference was to review the experiences of the first year, discuss problems of administration and formulate plans for the coming school term. The delegates met for two days at National headquarters, in order to consult with the heads of the various Red Cross departments which affect the work of the Junior Membership. From July 1 to 3, the meetings were held at Schenley High School, Pittsburgh, as an integral part of the annual conference of the National Edu- cation Association. Delegates to the conference included the following: Dr. H. N. MacCracken, Direc- tor, Bureau of Junior Membership; Mr. J. W. Studebaker, Miss Elizabeth Hall, Miss Justine R. Cook, Mr. James N. Rule, Associate Directors; Mr. Louis Rouillion, Atlantic, Miss Naida Curtis, representing Dr. Cooley, Central, Mrs. A. H. Gladden, Gulf, Professor B. P. Bourland, Lake, Miss Grace Ensey, Mountain, Miss Helen Harri- son, Northern, Dr. Robert Max Garrett, Northwestern, Miss Maude Leadbetter, New England, Mrs. A. H. Kluegel, Pacific, Miss Lida Bassett, Potomac, Mr. Louis NuS- baum, Pennsylvania-Delaware, Professor Darnell, Southern, Mrs. E. R. Kroeger, Southwestern, Mr. T. S. Johnston, Four- teenth, Division Directors. A review of the work of the Junior Mem- bership during its first year brought excel- lent results to light. Hundreds of thou- sands of dollars worth of actual supplies have been made in the schools. Much of the junior work has been done on regular chapter quotas, for which statistics are not available. Record has been kept, however, of the refugee garments and furniture for Red Cross convalescent houses made by the Juniors. On July 3, 214,320 refugee gar- ments were reported from nine divisions. Reports from the other five divisions will bring the record well over 250,000. For the Red Cross Houses 3,004 pieces of furniture have been completed. The boys' work in carpentering has been highly appreciated and large orders have been placed by the Red Cross and the sur- geon general’s office for next year. These orders include requests for more Red Cross convalescent and nurses’ recreation houses, and one for 10,000 bedside tables to be used in France by the Medical Supply depot of the United States Army. Other army supplies that will be made are bed tables for Curative hospitals, peg legs, crutches, bed trays and writing desks. The Junior Red Cross Committee on Boys’ Work is also making plans to furnish Red Cross workrooms as they are established. Sewing-Rooms for Italian Refugee Women are Great Boon Great success has attended the operation of ouvoirs, or sewing-rooms, for the bene- fit of women refugees and the poor women of soldiers’ families in Italy. These ouv- oirs, established by the American Red Cross, afford employment to thousands of willing workers, who thereby are enabled to make money to clothe themselves, and supply clothing to others of their own class at about one-third the price at which the garments would have to be purchased at the regular shops. The initial sales of the products of the ouvoirs at Padua, and at Taorima, Sicily, were gala events in the lives of the afflicted refugees. For hours before the sale opened at Padua long lines of women awaited their chance. Each person was allowed to buy only a given amount. There was also cloth- ing for men and children. Concerning the first public sale at Taor- mina a Red Cross worker in charge of the sewing-room wrote: “The women, most of them barefoot and pitifully ragged, filed past me to receive for their two and one- half lire the fresh, not to say pretty, gar- ments made by my workers. One woman wore a dress of sacking. Each was allowed to choose her own dress and each received besides the dress a change of underwear and, as long as the stockings we had on hand held out, a pair of stockings. The children received two dresses and a change of under- wear, and the old men shirts and under- wear.” So successful were these first sales that others on a larger scale have been planned. The material for the clothing is furnished free, and the sales are conducted by volun- teers. All the money that is realized goes to make wages for those who otherwise would be destitute. The American Red Cross distributes its “hygiene” posters in all the schools of France upon request of the head instructor. The posters bear the legend: “Follow this counsel and you will live long !” The ancient convent of Saint Sulpice has been converted into an asylum for refugees by the American Red Cross. Clergy Urged to Arouse Interest In Work of Reconstructing Crippled Soldiers The following statement has just been issued by Douglas C. McMurtrie, Director of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men: “We must count on the return from the front of thousands of crippled soldiers. We must plan to give them the best pos- sible chance for the future. “The Government will provide the best of surgical care and special training for self-support. But whether this really puts the disabled man back on his feet in the community depends on whether the attitude of the public operates as a help or hin- drance. “The American Red Cross desires to en- list the assistance of the clergy of the United States—in their joint rôles of per- Sonal advisers and leaders of community opinion—in promoting sound doctrine on these four points: 1. To convince the public that the cripple is not helpless but capable of being restored to complete indepen- dence if trained and placed in the right line of work. 2. That it is no kindness to encourage the cripple to idleness; that on the con- trary every influence should be brought to bear to have him accept training and prepare for useful employment. 3. That the duty of the community is intelligently to employ him, rather than to expend equivalent energy in social entertainment or in the expression of unwise sympathy which tends more to demoralize than to build up character. 4. To make known to the public in general, and to the families of soldiers in particular, the remarkable results in the reconstruction of crippled men be- ing attained by modern methods of medical and social science. The great- est terror in war has been the prospect of returning home disabled. It is no more than fair that mothers should know how little the loss of a limb means now to the man who is himself deter- mined to succeed. “Beginning June 1, 1918, the American Red Cross conducted an educational cam- paign to create public sentiment helpful to the cripple. It would be especially appre- ciated if you could further this effort by speaking to your congregation on their re- sponsibilities toward the cripple.” THE RE D C Ross BULLET IN 7 An Everyday Story of the Refugees As Told by a Writer in a Paris Newspaper The article which follows, entitled “The Route of the Eaſile,” is from the Echo de Paris; translated from the French for THE BULLETIN. The exiles have poured through Paris, coming from the Gare du Nord, fright and terror in their eyes. All along their way, they have heard the voice of the cannon. Well they know the sinister sound ! Well they recognize the harsh rattle of the ma- chine guns and the noise of the flying shell; each time they start with fright and mur- mur among themselves. “We did not expect to find it here,” they say to the nurse at the halting place—“It pursues us always.” And she gently ex- plains: “The waiting will be short; a spe- cial train will soon take those of you whose years of suffering have earned them the right to flee the horrible nightmare. You will see our beauteous sun of the South; it is our turn to go to the front!” At the invocation of this picture of rest and peace, a feeling of assurance possesses the multitude. In an instant, the ruin, the separation, the journey are forgotten. The hour of security, so devoutly desired is at last come ! Paris! How will they be received? Gen- erous devotion and the results of great ef- fort await them. Our own Red Cross So- cieties and the American Red Cross have accomplished what would seem to be the im– possible in expressing their brotherly soli- citudes. -- Wom EN OF THE GREAT SouL. At Lyon, where I followed the unhappy cortege, the representatives of these many good works were many and impressive. They numbered a score, thirty perhaps, in the refactory as well as in the “vestiaire” and around the steaming “marmites” (caul- drons). I shall never know who they were, these women, nor if those in charge of the cooking or those who took care of the tiny babes, had hands less white than those of the holy nuns. I saw, beneath the immacu- late white livery, only devoted women, noble in their purpose, daughters of France of the warm heart, the great Soul. “There are a great many today, more than four hundred,” said a lovely young woman, raising high ahove the heads a tray bearing steaming bowls of soup. We were in the dining room that had been fitted up in the customs house. The flags of the allies draped the nude walls; flowers decked the tables covered with cheerful red and white checked oilcloth. Five cents secured a place and soon all were at ease and the first repast began. There are two services at noon; two more in the evening. None doubt the ability of the “servantes des evacues.” There must be no less than four of them in the kitchen. I saw there a white-haired woman, cheer- fully concocting an aromatic sauce, while the younger ones carrying the plates, slid deftly and easily in and out of the crowd, bringing the comfort of their smiles to those who for long days had known naught but tears. Drawn towards the little children, they tend them with that display of the maternal instinct that is latent in all women and towards the parents and the aged they show most filial deference. Towards evening, the assemblage was augmented by the pres– ence of the husbands and brothers whose work had kept them busy all day. From out the shadows that began to lurk in the hall, there stepped a tall figure: M. 5 musical critic of “La Revue,” who with a pitcher of cider in his hand, filled all the glasses. Laughter rose and eyes that were somber, brightened. The writer, the artist had banished for a moment the sad memo- ries and had let loose rosy butterflies in the garden of their hopes. THE RED CRoss LIGHTs The repast ended, the guests turned towards the rest room, a tent near the quay where good fires give out warmth and where lights, the gift of the American Red Cross, illumine the way of the sleepers. Others turned to the “vestiaire” where the largesse of benevolence held sway. There was a charming American woman, Mme. Pinto who assisted in the distribution of the linen, men's clothing, children’s garments, women’s dresses, shoes of all sizes, babies’ booties, etc. Nothing had been forgotten. All was complete, necessary, acceptable, of good quality. I saw a number of fine flannel shirts and underclothes designed by the best Parisian houses. The efficient person- nel under the head-nurse assured the excel- lent service of this model post. A dispen- sary founded and managed by the “Societe de Secours aux Blesses militaires” is estab- lished near the entrance of the refactory. This, with the children’s wash room, is the scene of some of the most touching inci- dents of the day. Here are brought phys- ical and mental hurts to be cured. A noble taskſ There I saw emaciated women, little red-faced children burning up with fever, poor, old, withered folk. In the infirmary, wearing her two stripes, was the devoted wife of one of the laborers. At the mo– ment of my entrance, she was brewing a most aromatic tea of herbs, while her as- sistants hovered about. A cup of hot tea— this is a home comfort, a philtre of forget- fulness; it is the best remedy known to them. Are they not right? In a big basket, borne by a number of nurses, came the babies, their milk bottles filled as provision against the coming journey. “There is no sheep today—no baby goat?” inquired Mme. B She turned to me: “In the last convoy one of the farmer refu- gees brought with him a little lamb, an- other a young kid. The poor beasts nearly starved and I gave them milk in a feeding bottle and they drank like little gluttons.” OLD AGE AND YouTH It is 9.15 at night. The train is waiting. Each refugee is cared for by the employees of the prefecture and the head nurse. Com- fortably seated in a rolling chair sits a charming old lady of seventy-two, awaiting her turn to go; behind her, attentive, though uneasy, stands her daughter. “Mother is paralyzed,” she says, “I have brought her in the ‘char-a-banc’ from halt- ing place to halting place that she might avoid the fatigue of the train. Now we have caught up with the convoy. My sis- ter has charge of my children; they are young and can take care of themselves. With mother it is different.” Deep admiration filled me for this woman who between two duties had chosen that which was most difficult for a mother’s heart. Close to me passed two nurses, mother and daughter, wearing blue capes and veils and long white gloves. Their names were known in the days of the Second Empire and more than that, today they are proving themselves angels in time of need. One of them, the older woman, gave the Support of her arm to a blind man, who had left five of his companions at Criel. “When our people are settled in Montbri- son,” said the nurse, in answer to my un- spoken query, “madame and her daughter will take our blind man to Grenoble.” When do they find time to rest? Not un- til their return to Paris. They will spend two nights on the train and have many in- terviews with the authorities. It is not at all certain that there will be room for them in Montbrison that will receive the evacues with open arms, for in Montbrison there remains no unoccupied lodging. But this hospitable town must be mentioned in or— ders, along with the two travelers gowned in blue, two indefatigable women of France, dignified, capable like their revered grand- father, who was the emperor's minister! 8 THE RE D C R O ss B UL LET IN Divers and Sundry Over-There Matters of American Red Cross Interest … : : - ITALY FRANCE GREAT BRITAIN Italians Acclaim America on Natal Day, Through Red Cross (Cablegram from American Red Cross Commission to Italy.) Rome, July 6–A flood of telegrams and letters has been pouring in all day to the offices of the American Red Cross from mayors and other officials of cities and vil- lages throughout Italy, commemorating Fourth of July. All newspapers devote nearly entire space to reproducing President Wilson's address at Mount Vernon, and accounts of popular celebration of the day. Speech delivered by Ambassador Page in Rome aroused greatest enthusiasm among many thousand who packed public square in front of embassy, having gone there as spontaneous tribute to ambassador, who has made himself beloved by everyone here. Ambassador’s speech, published in the news- papers today, has been received with most favorable comment everywhere, as ade- quately expressing sentiments of Italy and America. Messages received by the American Red Cross are filled with expressions of patriot- ism, gratitude and friendship for American people, for their alliance with Italy, and for their work through the American Red Cross in relieving suffering caused by war among civilian and military population, thereby cementing brotherly spirit existing between peoples of the two nations. A telegram from a city at the front an- nounces that his Majesty Victor Emanuel, yesterday visited the American Red Cross workroom and expressed his pleasure at what this organization is doing for people in the war zone. . These many telegrams and letters supple- ment messages received by the embassy ex- pressing deep feeling and fraternal alliance with America, and are echoes of great popu- lar demonstration in all parts of the King- dom in celebration of the American anni- versary of independence. Messages received by the American Red Cross ask that sentiments of the Italian people be conveyed to President Wilson, whose name yesterday was on every lip, as the chief under whose wise guidance America is using her strength to aid the allies in saving the world for civilization. All French Red Cross Societies on A. R. C. Honorary Roll Two additional French societies have been elected to honorary collective membership in the American National Red Cross— L’Union des Femmes de France, and L’As- sociation des Dames Francaises. These or— ganizations, together with the Societe Fran- caise de Secours Aux Blesses Militaires, which was elected to honorary membership in the same class a few months ago, con- stitute the French Red Cross. All three are controlled by a central committee. The class of collective membership known as Honorary Collective Membership was created by the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross in March last. It is designed to embrace such foreign Red Cross societies as may be approved by the Central Committee, and may desire to be enrolled as members of the American Red Cross. The action with respect to the Societe Fran- caise de Secours Aux Blesses Militaires was taken at the same meeting at which the addi- tional membership class was created, at the urgent request of the American Red Cross Commission to France. In a cablegram requesting that the two other societies composing the French Red Cross be elected to honorary collective mem- bership, Major Perkins, American Red Cross Commissioner to Europe, stated that the former action of the Executive Commit- tee had met with an enthusiastic reception in French Red Cross circles. Complete Hospital Equipment Sent to Front via “Autochir” The word “Autochir” has been invented by Americans in France to describe an American motor truck train carrying a special kind of load toward the front. The first syllable is plain enough; the second is from the word “chirurgical,” the old way of spelling surgical. scribe an American Red Cross truck train of eighteen camions, carrying, in knock- down form, a tent hospital of 200 beds. One truck transports a complete opera- ting room ready to be bolted together and put into operation in a few minutes. Its trailer is a sterilizing room which is backed up against the operating room structure. From this trailer the nurse passes sterilized Combined, they de- Fine English Country Estate Being Made into A. R. C. Hospital SouTHAMPTON.—Work has been begun on the largest American military hospital in Great Britain. It will be located at Salis- bury, six miles from Southampton, and will accommodate 3,000. The site is a magnificent country estate of nearly 200 acres, which the Red Cross has purchased. Around the old Manor house the Red Cross is erecting nearly ten acres of buildings. The central corridor will be 1,000 feet long, opening on either side into wards, each accommodating sixty to one hundred patients. The site overlooks Southampton harbor and the Isle of Wight, and has a frontage of half a mile on the water, with good fish- ing and boating. The property includes woodland, where American lumbermen are already felling trees to provide timber for the buildings. The contracts provide for opening the first 400 beds in six weeks. The institution will have its own electric plant, water supply, kitchen gardens, dairy, chickens and pigs. The construction is under the supervision of Capt. Harper Sibley, former president of the Chamber of Commerce of Rochester, N. Y. July 4 Greetings to Men in Hospital On the Fourth of July the American Red Cross Commission to Great Britain sent to every American soldier, sailor . and marine on the headquarters hospital list, a small American flag, an extra allowance of to- bacco and greetings conveyed to the men in the English hospitals—through the Red Cross—by President. A special message to the sick and wounded also was sent by Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross. instruments and supplies to the surgeons around the operating table. The other trucks carry double tenting, sturdy frame- work, floors in sections, window frames, heating stoves and full equipment for diet kitchens. - Red Cross construction crews, specially selected and trained for this work, go with the trucks. - &N-" "Wºº S 75 © 25 1918 THE REE) 6'ROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. II JULY 22, 1918 No. 30 Japanese Red Cross Commission is Honored in America : Chairman Dazison, in Address, Voices Spirit of the Hour JAPANESE REd Cross CoMMISSION on ARRIVAL IN WASHINGTON. Prince Tokugawa, at right of Henry P. Davison in right foreground; Miss Margaret Wilson, daughter of the President, at Mr. Davison's left. Prince Tokugawa and the other members of the Japanese Red Cross Commission which is on its way to study conditions in the European theatre of war, arrived in Washington last Tuesday, and left for New York on Friday. During their stay in the American capital the distinguished visitors were honored with many attentions. They were met on their arrival by Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council, and other officials of the American Red Cross; and by others prominent in war work, in- cluding Miss Margaret Wilson, daughter of the President, in Red Cross uniform. Dinners and luncheons given by Red Cross officials, by Viscount Ishii, the Am- bassador of Japan to the United States, and others; a reception by President Wil- son at the White House, and visits to Camp Meade, where they witnessed the dedica- tion of a Red Cross Convalescent House, and to the points of historic interest in and around Washington, were included in the program of social activities. On Thursday the visitors went to Mount Vernon, making the trip on the Mayflower, the President’s yacht. Later they went to Arlington ceme- tery. - The main function of a public character was a reception held at the front of the American Red Cross building Thursday afternoon. This reception was under the auspices of the Potomac Division. Five hundred women of the District of Columbia Chapter of the Red Cross were present in uniform and gave a fine setting to the scene. The American, the Japanese and the Red Cross flags floated overhead, and the Marine Band played the national anthems of Japan and the United States. Short speeches were made by Prince Tokugawa, Viscount Ishii, Chairman Davison, Frank N. Doubleday, recent commissioner of the Fourteenth Division to the Orient, and others. Undoubtedly the most significant affair in connection with the visit of the Red Cross representatives from Japan was the dinner in their honor at the New Willard Thursday evening. At the dinner were many of the leaders in American Red Cross work and representatives of the offi- cial life of the American capital. In the addresses that followed the dinner there was the evidence of a mutual desire for strong cooperation between the great na- tions of the Orient and the Western hemi- sphere in the solution of the problems now confronting the world, and in the establish- ment of an abiding peace. MR. The address at this dinner of Chairman Davison, of the American Red Cross War Council, to which Prince Tokugawa re- sponded in similar vein, aptly states the hopes and aims of world-wide influence on the part of the Red Cross. The address follows: Davison’s Address. 2 - - THE RED C Ross BULLET IN “We meet to welcome a commission from the Red Cross Society of Japan. They come to us upon a remarkable errand. Our country has been honored before this by commissions from different nations, on financial, commercial, or diplomatic errands, but the presence amongst us of a humani- tarian commission is an unique event. I choose to interpret it as an expression by the people of Japan of their desire for a closer fellowship and a better understand- ing of the people of the United States. “This war is teaching us many lessons. To me its greatest lesson is that without love of fellowman, without heart, without charity, without faith in and understanding of one another, society cannot be successful- ly carried on, or life, in its nobler sense, be lived. - THE RED CRoss IDEALs. “And these, in essence, are the ideals of the Red Cross—ideals which have aroused the enthusiasm and solidified the purpose of civilized mankind, ideals expressed so clear- ly and beautifully by the President of the United States, himself recognized as the world’s chief spokesman for the cause of humanity. “Today twenty-two nations are fighting against a reign of might, of ambition, of ruthlessness. Their regiments march to battle, each under its national flag. But there is one flag under which all fight, the regiments at the front as well as the peoples at home. That flag is the perfect embodiment of all that is opposed to Prus- sianism. Emblematic as it is of mercy, of justice, of love, it visualizes that theory of life most directly in contrast with all that Germany stands for. The legions of the world are today aligned behind one or the other of two supreme emblems—the Red Cross or the Iron Cross. They stand for either Life or Death. *. SCOPE OF ENDEAvoR. “In the early part of the present year, we of the American Red Cross were deeply touched by a message from the distinguished president of the Japanese Red Cross So- ciety—Baron Ishigura—expressing the sen- timent his society felt that “they were work- ing with us as in the same room and in the same cause of humanity.” In that mes- sage he added, “The Red Cross has no boundary of state, neither has it any rela- tionships, prejudices, or racial distinctions.” Certainly no more beautiful expression could be given to our own appreciation of the character and scope of Red Cross endeavor. “When I was in France recently, the revered governor of one of the French prov- inces, in an address of welcome to a group activities. of Red Cross visitors, said, ‘We had long known of America's power, her energy, her enterprise—but this war has revealed to us America’s heart.” And this war is, in- deed, revealing to us the hearts of nations as it is searching out the hearts of men. We had known of the initiative and efficien- cy of Japan, but the Japanese Red Cross is disclosing to us the deeper meaning of Japanese aspirations and a truer under- standing of Japanese character. We, there- fore, welcome this mission from the Jap- anese Red Cross as but another effort of the Japanese people to have us know them as they know themselves. “Prior to our entry into the war, com— paratively little was known of the American Red Cross, except that it was a highly creditable institution which appealed for and quickly received from the people funds for relief work and for emergencies arising out of disaster. But now there is scarcely an American who is not familiar with the American Red Cross and its development to meet the new and great tasks which the war has imposed upon it. Our country has attested both its knowledge of and its con- fidence in the American Red Cross by con- tributions never equalled in the history Of free and unconditional giving. . JAPANESE INITIATIVE. “Prior to this war, all the other Red Cross Societies in the world, with one ex- ception, were like ourselves, known to their people as potentialities, rather than great That exception was the Red Cross Society of Japan. At the beginning of the European war, the American Red Cross had about 200,000 members. On the same date, the Red Cross Society of Japan had 1,800,000 members and was the leading Red Cross Society of the world. It is, therefore, to Japan that we must bow in rec- ognition of her foresight and vision in first effecting a comprehensive agency in the in- terest of mankind. *- . “As we fight for liberty and justice, as we struggle for high principles of humanity, let uS remember that, even before this war came to plague the peoples of the world, the Japanese people had, through their large membership in the Red Cross, mani- fested adherence to these same principles. “They had already rendered yeoman ser- vice, not alone to their own people in time of crisis, but to peoples of other countries. The degree of perfection of their organi- zation is indicative of Japanese efficiency. Their Red Cross Society, for example, has developed a Department of Science, which made it possible for them to forecast earth- quakes. They have been able to remove thousands of their people from danger, who, as later developments have shown, would have been killed if they had not been so removed. “We, therefore, today welcome with pe- culiar Satisfaction the eminent commission, headed by his Excellency, Prince Tokagawa. I am confident that the American people will interpret the honor done them by this visit as a concrete expression of earnest desire on the part of the Japanese people to cooperate cordially, fully, and in a most friendly spirit with the people of the United States. I am equally confident that the American people will respond in like spirit and for like purpose to the people of Ja- pan. MEET CoMMON PROBLEMs. “Incident to this war, the Japanese and the American peoples are and will continue to be confronted with many vexatious prob- lems. Solution of these problems will in- volve action; above all, it will involve co- Operation and trust in one another. Such cooperation can only be based upon charac- ter and confidence and mutual knowledge of a common purpose to serve unselfishly and equitably those now suffering from the indescribable destruction caused by our com- mon enemy. - “We should, therefore, be frank with each other. We should call upon each other for Service, for assistance, and for help wher- ever and by which ever nation such service can best be rendered in the interests of mankind. We should join hands in a spirit of good faith, a spirit of cooperation and a Spirit of sympathy. - “I believe that nothing is more important than that the people of Japan and the peo- ple of the United States should appreciate the value of such a relationship. “The coming to America of this mission of the Red Cross Society of Japan should prove more potent in effecting such an ap- - preciation than anything else that could oc- cur. It is my opinion that through such un- derstanding on our part of the heart and aspirations of nations, not alone of J apan but of all our Allies, shall we make real and intelligent progress toward a higher civilization.” - Medical consultations are held on Tues- days of every week for expectant mothers and nursing children at the “Mutualite Ma- ternelle,” under the patronage of the Amer- ican Red Cross. . Much interest is manifested at the American Red Cross headquarters, Gros- venor gardens, in the possibility of Ameri- can wounded being brought to London. T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN 3 Important Plans and Scope of New American Red Cross Bureau of Foreign Relations Conditions arising out of the world war have developed relations in connection with the work of the American Red Cross in countries outside the war zones, which have resulted in the creation of a new bureau in the organization. Otis H. Cutler, manager of the Insular and Foreign Division, has been appointed director of this bureau, which will be known as the Bureau of For- eign Relations. Mr. Cutler also will con- tinue as head of the Fourteenth Division. The Fourteenth Division was created to organize and supervise the work of Ameri- can Red Cross chapters in insular and for- eign territory. The organization under it has had an amazing development—such as to surprise even some of the enthusiasts who fathered the idea. Along with the development of chapter activities in zones outside the continental United States, how- ever, problems have arisen which do not properly come under divisional supervision. There are chapter matters affecting rela- tions with the organizations of similar char- acter in the countries where the chapters are located. There also are arising, more and more, matters of broader Scope, involving the relations of the American Red Cross with the Red Cross societies of other countries—apart from those countries which are in the theatre of war—and dealing with the governments or official representatives of those countries. BROADENING OPPORTUNITIES. At the same time the opportunity is broadening for the cultivation of Red Cross principles on a revised international scale. The time is ripe for a welding of idea and effort among the countries which in spirit, if not in actual fighting activity, are aligned in favor of world democracy. There is believed to be a fertile field for Red Cross influence among the people of other coun- tries, especially in South America, to solid- ify the permanent peace eventually to be obtained, through still closer cooperation with the Foreign Red Cross organizations. And this phase of the situation will receive immediate attention. - Dr. Frank M. Chapman, who has been directing the technical publications of the American Red Cross at National Head- quarters since the organization of the soci- ety on a war basis, has been appointed Commissioner to South America, and will leave for a tour of the Latin American countries early in the fall. Dr. Chapman knows his South America. His work in con- nection with the biological survey of that continent, under the auspices of the New York Museum of Natural History, although cut short by the entrance of the United States into the war, is recognized as of great value; and the combination of knowl- edge of South America and the Red Cross undoubtedly will prove of immense worth in connection with the work that is con- templated. .* - The possibilities of endeavor along the same line in the Orient were made apparent by the Far Eastern tour of Frank N. Doubleday, as a special Red Cross Com- missioner, last winter. . Another case illustrating the need of a distinctive foreign relations organization is that involved in the Madeira situation. The inhabitants of the island of Madeira have suffered severely by reason of food shortage, due to the conversion of supplies to the belligerent countries, the rerouting of trans- portation, etc. The American Red Cross has sent a representative, Harrison Dibblee, to Madeira, to investigate and report on conditions, with a view to affording meas- ures of permanent relief. All matters involving the governmental features indicated above, outside of those countries where the Red Cross has regular commissions, will be embraced in the juris- diction of the Bureau of Foreign Relations. The bureau naturally will be under the De- partment of Law and International Rela- tions, of which George B. Case, member of the War Council, is director. Mr. Cutler will report directly to Mr. Case. Quinine for Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul, at Leper Colony Twenty pounds of quinine has just been shipped to the leper colony at Farafangana, South Madagascar, by the American Red Cross for the relief of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul, who are conducting the leper colony there. A letter received by the American Red Cross through its Paris office reported that the sisters in the mission were in dire need of quinine, which, owing to the prevalence of fever in the country, is necessary to the maintenance of their health. The sisters had appealed to the French minister for the Colonies in Paris, but had been told that it was unlawful to export quinine from France at this time; so the appeal was turned over to the French Commission of the American Red Cross. - A trans-Atlantic steamer is now bearing the shipment on its long journey to these Sisters of Charity, marked for “Soer Louise, Madagascar- Le Proserie de Farafangana, Sud.” Persons Seeking Information About Soldiers Should Apply Only to Washington Bureau Harvey D. Gibson, Red Cross Commis– sioner to France, in a cable, urges relatives of men with the Expeditionary Forces to make their inquiries through the Red Cross Bureau of Communication, Washington, D. C., instead of cabling or writing direct to agencies or individuals in Europe. As many as four separate requests about the same man have been received by as many institutions. This involves needless conges- tion of cables and wasteful duplication of effort. In most cases, moreover, such in- quiries are turned over by others to the American Red Cross, which is charged with such communication with soldiers’ relatives, and has developed special facilities for ob- taining information about those reported killed, wounded or missing, and those from whom letters have not been received. Commenting on this cablegram, Edward M. Day, Acting Director of the Bureau of Communication, said: “As the American Red Cross has spe- cial mail and other means of handling such inquiries, relatives should get quicker replies through Washington than through agencies or individuals in Europe. When an in- quiry reaches our Washington office, our special searchers at once get from the gov- ernment here the latest official information. This frequently answers the question satis- factorily. Inquiries as to casualties are speeded abroad where similar Red Cross agent gather data from headquarters and then visit the man in the hospital. In the case of those reported killed or missing, the Red Cross communication representative gathers every crumb of reliable information from the soldier’s associates. All prisoner lists reach Washington by cable and infor- mation is promptly transmitted to the fami- ly. The function of this bureau is to give relatives all possible information which will lessen anxiety. Every inquiry is handled with full realization that a prompt and full reply is of serious moment to the happiness, peace of mind and not infrequently to the health of the relative. By writing to the Bureau relatives frequently will get, imme- diately, information at hand and may be sure that search is started abroad as quick- ly as the case warrants. - There are now fifteen sanitary trains op- erating in France, manned by American Red Cross nurses. Each front line ambu- lance embraces a dozen complete surgical equipments and twenty-two operating tables. - 4. THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN THE AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Woodrow WILson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President RoRERT W., DE FOREST Vice-President * * *, *, * r * * * John SKKLTON WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAV: S . . Counselor . . Secretary STockton Axson , Chairman Central Committee Vice-Chairmam . . General Manager WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . ELIOT WADSweRTH HARVEY D. GIBSON. . . . 2 . - a t t t e º e > Red Cross War Council sy AppointMENT of THE PRESIDENT of THE UNITED states HENRY P DAVISON . . . . . . . . . . . Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio - WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WApswokTH Our Japanese Guests It has been a great pleasure for the American Red Cross to welcome and enter- tain Prince Tokugawa and his associates of the Japanese Red Cross Commission, OI). their way to the war countries of Europe. The messages of good will which these rep- resentatives of the Red Cross brotherhood brought across the Pacific are sincerely du- plicated in spirit through the wishes and esteem that will accompany them from our shores on their journey across the Atlantic. In the spirit of the Red Cross, and in its aims and hopes, East is not East and West is not West. fraternity in the face of the assault on hu- The twain have met in full man freedom; and the American Red Cross and the Japanese Red Cross are merely the embodiments in physically widely-separated political divisions of the earth of a soul that is universal. Its name is Humanity. The presence among us of official representatives of an organization on the other side of the world, the purposes of which are identical with those of the American Red Cross, serves to bring more forcibly than ever to the attention of our people the greater, Twentieth Century significance of the Red Cross emblem. . . . When Japan and the United States ac- cepted the Treaty of Geneva, and formed their respective societies under the inter- national emblem, the care of the wounded in time of war was substantially the sole object. Now the Red Cross means much more than that, although the primary pur- pose has not been overshadowed in any sense. While the armies of the free peo- ples of the earth are fighting to make the world safe for Democracy, the hosts of the Red Cross and the spirit which emanates from its work of many kinds, are binding the allied nations in bonds of enduring fel- lowship. The American Red Cross is particularly pleased with the prospect of closer coopera- tion on the part of the Japanese Red Cross society with the work which we have under- taken in countries which are bearing the greatest burdens of the war. We hope that the study of the special Japanese com- mission of activities in the war zones will prove valuable; we feel that the interest evidenced in our part of the work will be to us an added inspiration to still greater endeavor. And in the cooperation and the aims which are indicated through the visit of our guests there is seen something of still great- er significance—a lasting, better understand- ing between the peoples of this country and of Japan. Mr. Garfield Resigns James A. Garfield has resigned his posi- tion as manager of the Lakes Division of the Red Cross to take up other important war work. The request to accept service in connection with the work in question was of such a character that it could not be re- fused; but at the time Mr. Garfield hoped to be able to continue as manager of the Red Cross work which had developed under his direction. This he found would be im- possible, and his resignation as manager was tendered and accepted by the national organization with much regret, the resigna- tion to take effect as soon as a successor is chosen. Will Assist Mr. Fenton Calvin Fentress, treasurer of the Lyon Gary Company, of Chicago, has been ap- pointed associate manager of the Central Division of the American Red Cross. Mr. Fentress will devote his entire time to the Red Cross work and will serve without compensation. The American Red Cross has given 20,400 francs ($4,080), the amount of its annual subscription, to the Protection Ma- ternelle, a society for the protection of motherhood and child life. Spy-Proof Messages to Germany Through Red Cross The American Red Cross is the officially designated agency through which welfare messages may be transmitted to persons in enemy territory. The practice of permit- *. ting inquiries and messages of this charac- ter between civilians in countries which are at war with each other is an outgrowth of the principle of international law which al- lows prisoners of war to send letters to their friends at home and to receive letters from them. - - In carrying out this work, which is essen- tially of a humanitarian character, the Red Cross also acts to prevent the transmission of information of benefit to the enemy, either through the efforts of professional or amateur spies, or through messages of inno- cent intent. A system of operation has been devised by the State Department, which is as nearly “spy proof” as it possibly could be. The process of itself is simple; but a great amount of painstaking labor is re- quired to make the safeguards complete. This will be readily appreciated when the scheme of conveying messages is considered along with the fact that an average of 1,300 letters a day are being sent to persons liv- ing beyond the enemy lines. No CHANCE FOR SPIEs. The plan, as devised, prevents all use of the code. Any person wishing to send a message to a relative or friend in Germany or Austria, must write it in some office of a Red Cross chapter. Messages written out in the chapters are sent, through the divi- sion, to the office of the director of the Bu- reau of Communication, at National Red Cross Headquarters. Here they are cut down in most cases, and in all cases the wording is absolutely changed. A message might have left the chapter with invisible ink somewhere on it. There can be no such thing when it has been paraphrased and put On a new form in the Bureau of Communi- cation. From the Bureau of Communication the messages go to the Censorship Board, by which they are passed or refused, as the case may be. When they reach a neutral country they are translated, put on another form and forwarded. In most cases they are delivered by the Red Cross of the place to which they go. Since put into effect a few weeks ago, the plan above outlined probably has been util- ized in the great majority of instances by persons who are in no sense enemies of the United States. It is causing infinite satis- faction to many pathetic people who fear for their families in the invaded districts. THE RE D C Ross BULLET IN 5 Red Cross Dietitians’ Service BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the fourth of Miss Delano's arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) - The Red Cross, through its early interest in conserving health at home as it went forward with the work of relief abroad, completed a plan early in 1917 for teaching women elementary facts in household eco- nomics in their own homes. A text book on Home Dietetics was compiled by the De-, partment of Nursing as a guide in this, and has been used by many groups of women throughout the country. - When our country entered the war, the Red Cross met the need of trained dieti- tians to send with our doctors and nurses overseas. When camp hospitals were es– tablished in the United States, dietitians were again supplied. - Because of these two activities, a Bureau of Dietitians’ Service was formed under the Department of Nursing at Red Cross Headquarters, and has become a recruiting agency for the dietary departments of the Army and Navy hospitals. So necessary did it seem to the Red Cross to develop this Bureau of Dietitians’ Serv- ice, that before attempting the work, the Department of Nursing secured the ad- vice of the leading dietitians of the country through the cooperation of the Committee on Dietitians’ Service for the Red Cross. Miss Edna N. White, director of household economics for the University of Ohio, is chairman of this committee. Miss Elva A. George, a member of the committee, who has been a hospital dietitian in New York City hospitals for a number of years, was secured as a director of the bureau. Twenty-one dietitians have been sent abroad under Red Cross supervision, a num- ber of whom are connected with base hos- pital units now under Army direction. Two are serving in French military hospitals. Thirty are assigned to bose hospitals not yet in service. Army and Navy hospitals. QUALIFIED LIST LIMITED. The total enrollment of dietitians at Red Cross Headquarters is fourteen hundred and twenty-four, the majority being listed as instructors who will serve either in the Army School of Nursing, or in the Red Cross courses in Home dietetics. Those women who have had hospital or other in- stitutional experience are recorded as hos- pital dietitians, and are assigned to duty Over one hundred are in Do YOU KNOW– come a recruiting agency for the dietary depart- ments of the Army and Navy Hospitals? That 153 dietitians have been assigned to active service by the Red Cross? - That 1,424 dietitians are en- rolled as possible candidates for service in hospitals, for instruc- tors in the Army School of Nurs- ing, and for leaders of Red Cross Home Dietetics classes? That the Red Cross desires an extensive enrollment of dieti- tians in order to fill all demands for this service? - ſº as needed, either under our Red Cross com- missions abroad or in military hospitals. The list of those who are qualified as to age, physical fitness and general adaptabil- ity is not extensive. All who are eligible are urged to enlist for this service. To encourage the growing interest in the problems of food and nutrition, the Bureau of Dietitian Service is supplementing the course in home dietetics by special instruc- tion. A pamphlet entitled “War Diet in the Home” has been issued primarily as a manual for teachers, but it is intended to reach through them groups of women who may wish to familiarize themselves under Red Cross auspices, with the program of the Food Administration. A second, “Emergency Cooking for Large Groups of People” is in a general way a guide for any community effort for feeding or rationing. Frequently it happens that members of Red Cross chapters are called upon to meet the emergency of cooking for large groups of people, such as in the movement of troops, fire, flood, etc. This guide may be so altered that it will provide any organiza- tion of women a plan for starting a central kitchen and dining room service, which will take care of the people of a community, should they desire to combine their re- sources for providing meals for their fam- ilies on any scale they may determine. The idea of putting families together in larger groups is not ideal from the standpoint of preserving intimate family life, but there are many evidences that it may become a # # nutrition. necessity as a war measure, to control the situation in regard to obtaining helpers and free mothers and other members of the household for more imperative duties. Should INTEREST ALL Women. Every woman should be acutely inter- ested in the food situation, and should have an equal interest in the health problem in- volving the welfare of the family. While the wide spread advice from the Food Ad- ministration has led many to change their ways of preparing food and conserving it, no future apathy should be tolerated if we expect to fit ourselves to nourish a nation in the days of war and reconstruction. A third pamphlet issued by the Bureau of Dietitians Service is one which follows up the Montessori method of having a child combine his playtime exercises with some demand for home life. Surely, two hours of a child’s day could be used at different times to instruct him in regard to foods and The Red Cross division offices will provide the guide for this elementary instruction, as they see fit. The circulation will not be wide unless the need is definitely expressed in enough localities, as there is no intention that these few lessons, should be put before the children in quite the same way that food economics is taught in schools. It will be possible for any school teacher, with reference reading and possibly the as- sistance of some practiced housewife, to give children the information suggested by this course. The work can be done by demon- stration, if individual work in the group is not practicable. Park Lane Home Now a Hospital (From the London Times.) Aldford House, home of Captain and Mrs. Guest, who is an American woman, has been turned over to the American Red Cross for a hospital for naval officers and men in England. The mansion, which for the first three years of the war was used as a private hospital for British officers, is splendidly equipped and stands in spacious grounds; one of its attractive features is an elaborate roof garden. It is situated in the city of London, 26 Park Lane. This will be the twenty-fifth American Red Cross hospital in England, and will go down on the records as American Red Cross hospital No. 25. There will be fifty beds, and the surgeons and attendants will be from the medical corps of the U. S. Navy. The American Red Cross has made ar- rangements to send 50,000 children from Paris to a healthful country center for the Stimmer, - 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN Red Cross Prize Medals for Golf and Other Sports Through the United States Golf Associa- tion, the American Red Cross has arranged to provide an American Red Cross prize medal, to be offered in competition by golf clubs which contribute entry fees to the Red Cross, instead of using them for purchas- ing substantial prizes. - The Association has agreed to become re- sponsible for keeping the matter on a high plane. Applications from golf organiza- tions will be handled by Captain H. F. Whitney, secretary of the association. In this matter Captain Whitney is working in cooperation with DeForest Hicks, chairman of the American Red Cross prize committee. The plan of issuing the medal was adopt- ed when it was found that in the absence of valuable prizes it . of Supplies. Mr. Letts succeeds Marvin B. Pool who, because of business necessity, re- turns to resume charge of the Chicago firm of Butler Brothers. Mr. Letts is president of the Western Grocer Company, of Iowa, and also presi- dent of the National Grocer Company, of Michigan. He has been granted leave of absence by the directors of these companies. Under the direction of the War Council, Mr. Letts will have charge of the purchase of all goods requisitioned by the American Red Cross commissions in the allied coun- tries for relief work, as well as that used in Red Cross work in this country. W. H. Davis, formerly owner of the Davis Mercantile Company, of Topeka, Kansas, has been appointed associate director of the Bureau of Purchases. Mr. Davis is serving without compensation. Message of Appreciation of Gift to Aid Wounded Portuguese The following message of appreciation of the recent American Red Cross gift, to aid in the care of Portuguese soldiers wounded on the French Front, addressed to Thomas H. Birch, the American minister at Lisbon, and signed by J. Espírito Santo Lima, the Portuguese Secretary for Foreign Affairs, has been received through the Department of State: - “I have the honor to acknowledge the re- ceipt of Your Excellency’s note, dated the 20th instant, enclosing a check for $10.230.00 donation of the American Red Cross to the Portuguese Red Cross to assist in caring for the Portuguese wounded at the battle front in France. “I am sending that amount to the Society for which it is in- was expedient to offer some tangi- ble evidence of success in com- petitions. T h e medal in question, while inexpensive, is h a n d so me ly wrought in bronze with a cross of red enamel, and is in- ; scribed “Awarded Division in recognition of Atlantic . . . . . . . . Aid to the Cause Central . . . . . . . . of Humanity.” Gulf e e < e < e < e < e < * These medals Lakes . . . . . . . . . . are to be awarded Mountain . . . . . . as first prizes in New England .. the more import- Northern . . . . . . . ant events, and Northwestern .. only when no Pacific . . . . . . . . . other prizes are Pennsylvania . . . offered. Red Cross Potomac . . . . . . . certificates will be Southern tº º 9 tº s a given as second Southwestern .. and third prizes, or as first prizes * tº Total ... in minor tourna- ments. The plan has e e & e º e e º º tº a tº * * * * * * * c e º e º e º 'º e e * @ e º ºs e º & © e º e º a g º e e e g º e º e º ºs e o º tº gº tº e º ºs e º ºs e º e º e º sº º tº e º e º e º ſº e º & s * * * * * * * ſº e º 'º e g º gº tº $ tº e º e º 'º e º 'º º te e e e º g º e is a tº e e º ºs e º e º e º 'º e º e º e e º e is * * * * * * * * * * g e º e e º º e º e º e º e º 'º gº tº e e e g g º e º e º e º e g º e º e º e g º e e s a e º e • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e º e º e e < * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s e e s s e < e < e < e e * & © tº * * * * * * * * * * * * > → * * * * * * * * > * > RED CROSS JUNIOR MEMBERSHIP |HE Junior Membership of the American Red Cross now approximates eight million, five hundred thousand. The subjoined table shows the number of children enrolled, and the number of school auxiliaries, according to the latest reports received at National, headquarters. The figures for the Lakes Division are approximate, and the number of school auxiliaries embraced in the 160 chapters that have a junior Membership organization has not been reported. Children 1,636,129 1,376,869 221,819 626,275 175,704 507,196 524,563 277,054 649,605 • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. 800,000 . 300,008 225,129 851,283 205,000 ſº tº e e º 'º º, e e º te e is e º E & e º ºs e g º º tº e º ºs e • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e g º º te e º e º ſe S e e º ſº * * * e º e & e º e 8,376,634 e tº e º e º ºs e º 'º e º 'º e g º & º e º e º ºs e g º e e º . *Lakes Division not included in total. School Auxiliaries will extend to Your Excellency and to the American Red Cross their thanks for such a gener- ous gift. Mean- while, I hasten to extend to Your Ex- cellency the very high appreciation of the Government 6,497 of the Republic for 12,258 Your Excellency’s 1,601 initiative and the 160 chap. friendly attitude 174 of the Red Cross. 2,060 The Portuguese 11,000 people will see in 4,964 the generous do- 4,820 nation from Amer– 5,000 ica a renewed 1,969 proof of the soli- 1,173 darity of the peo- 1,849 ple and the Gov– 450 ernment of the United States with *53,815 - the Allied cause, and the sympathy of both for Portu- met with great fa- vor from many golf clubs, and the Bureau of Entertainments and Benefits of the Red Cross intends to extend it to tennis clubs, yacht clubs and similar organizations, Changes In Headquarters Personnel Frank C. Letts, of Chicago, has been ap- pointed director of the Red Cross Bureau \, The American Red Cross has opened a bu- reau at 19 rue Francois la Vielle (Cher- bourg), for the sale of furniture and house- hold goods to the refugees, at greatly re- duced prices. - At Charolles, the American Red Cross has given seventy beds and fifty tables for dis- tribution in the refugee colony of Marcigny. gal which was so eloquently confirmed in the note to which I am replying.” . At the child-welfare exhibits held at Lyon and Marseille, a spacious playground, pro- vided with many amusements, was ready for the small visitors who came with their par- ents. The children were carefully watched by competent guardians. X tended. The same THE RED C Ross BULLET IN 7 . Col. Perkins, on Brief Visit from Italy, Reviews Red Cross Work–Praises Army Lieut.-Colonel Robert Perkins, American Red Cross Commissioner to Italy, arrived in this country last week. He will return to his post as soon as he has attended to the matters pertaining to the work which brought him here for conference with the officials at National headquarters. In an interview at headquarters, Co. Perkins told of the many things the American Red Cross is doing to help the Italians. He paid a high tribute to the fighting qualities of the Italian soldier and the morale of the Ital- ian people as a whole. “It is impossible for anyone in America,” said Colonel Perkins, “to realize or appre- ciate the friendship and gratitude the people of Italy feel for the people of the United States. The work of the American Red Cross in Italy is accepted as the expression of the heart of the American people, and the Italians who have borne the burden of war uncomplainingly for more than three years, are now allied to this country in a spirit of brotherhood, the good effects of which can not be measured. “Italy’s problems and trials have been very little understood so far away, but I believe that no nation has met its difficulties more courageously and intelligently. It must be a source of gratification to every Subscriber to the Red Cross to know that his subscription has made it possible to help at a time when help was greatly needed and to know, also that this help is appreciated a thousand fold. RED CROSS AGENTs EveRywherE. “American Red Cross agents are at work everywhere from the front lines to the southern most tip of the mainland, and in Sicily and in Sardinia. In all places they work hand in hand with the Italian govern- ment and people, in the spirit of brother- hood. Our delegates are to be found in the large cities and in the remotest villages. We have been able to bring immediate re- lief to the suffering families of soldiers at the front. In one month alone we relieved 318,300 of the neediest families who had been deprived of their usual means of sup- port by war. These families were scattered all over Italy. The cases were carefully investigated and the relief distributed under government auspices. “In order to help women members of soldiers’ families to earn a living we have established workrooms in the principal cen- ters. Here women make garments out of material sent by the Red Cross from Amer- ica, and these garments clothe the children times the soldiers themselves. and women of soldiers’ families, or some- Millions of Surgical dressings, and many other neces- sary supplies, are sent to the hospitals. “One of the most important branches of our work concerns the welfare of soldiers' children. We have established schools everywhere to relieve the burdened poor families of the care of the children during the day, and in these schools the children are taught, clothed and fed. In the city of Venice alone there are twenty-four such American Red Cross schools. This care means not only that the children are kept from the streets and taught cleanliness and hygiene, but also that the food they get saves them from under-nourishment and the diseases that follow inevitably in its train. REFUGEE SITUATION BETTER. “The American Red Cross in Italy also concerns itself with the care of refugees driven from their homes by the invasion of the enemy. This problem was most acute last fall and called for emergency action. Although not now so urgent, the problem remains and is a part of our work in re- lieving the suffering caused by war. We had forty-one kitchens in operation when I left, and others are being inaugurated, with a capacity of about 130,000 rations weekly. These are for the civilian population alone, and in many cases the persons who are fed pay a nominal sum. They are always ready to do this when they can and the system is encouraged in order that there may be no semblance of charity. These figures do not include the very large number of rations issued daily to the soldiers at American Red Cross rest stations throughout Italy, or the distribution of food among the troops at the front by our rolling canteens. “In considering the Red Cross work among the civilian population the people of Amer- ica should realize that now, more than ever before, wars are won or lost behind the lines. It is impossible to give the people here any adequate idea of the strength and heart it has put into the brave Italian people to see these visible evidences of the support and friendship of America. AT THE VERY FRONT. “We perform, of course, a large and im– portant work in Italy that is purely mili- tary. In addition to supplying military hospitals—there are more than 500 on the regular list of the American Red Cross in Italy—with drugs, bandages, instruments and hospital furniture; we have four sec- tions of ambulances with a fifth forming, and seven rolling canteens working at the front and others in the process of building. “We also distribute useful gifts to the sol- diers in the trenches, contributing to their comfort and health. The rolling canteens supply many thousand men with hot coffee daily. These comforts play an important part in the morale of the troops. - “Our ambulances have been doing splendid work. One section was cited in the order of the day for distinguished service just be- fore I left, and I understand at least one other section is to receive an official cita- tion. The devotion and courage of the American Red Cross drivers during the of— fensive won the highest praise from the Italian officers.” PRAISE FOR ITALIAN FIGHTERs. Regarding the military situation in the Italian theatre Col. Perkins said: “When I left Italy on June 24th, the Austrian offensive, which had been under way a little more than a week, showed every sign of complete collapse. The troops under General Diaz had won a significant and brilliant victory, forcing the enemy back in disorder across the Piave. From the first day the Austrians began their offensive the conduct of the Italian troops, together with the few troops of the Allies of the Italian front, gave to everyone in Italy ab- Solute confidence that the line would hold. It was felt when the enemy crossed the lower Piave in a few places that this first Small advantage, due to superior numbers andagined at a tremendous cost, would eventually result in disaster to the Aus- trians. “I have had the privilege of visiting the Italian front and the war zone several times, and of meeting General Diaz, and other Italian commanders. It was most inspiring to observe the high morale of the soldiers. The French, British and Italian, and now the Americans, are working together with a splendid spirit of unity. Nothing could more clearly demonstrate that today there is one united Allied front. PEoPLE BEHIND ARMY. “The Italians are intensely patriotic and possess the highest qualities of the soldier, bravery, discipline and a determination to win. The troops are staunchly supported by the people throughout the kingdom who have amply demonstrated their power of resistance and their fortitude in Supporting the burdens of war. - - “When I left Italy the Italians were all looking forward to the day when American troops would join the Italian line, and I can assure the people of this country that nowhere will our men be more welcome and nowhere will they find a closer spirit of brotherhood and friendship than among the Italian soldiers and the Italian people.” 8 . THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN Keeping the Home Fires Burning on Systematic Basis Facts and Figures Regarding Devel- opment and Progress of Red Cross Home Service Achievements of the Department of Civil- ian Relief in getting home service work or- ganized over the whole territory of the United States were reviewed at the con- ference of division directors of Civilian Re- lief. It was found that nearly every Red Cross chapter in the national organization has now a Home Service section, and that the others will soon be organized. Consid— erable rivalry among divisions has devel- oped in the effort to become 100 per cent organized. - Even some of those identified with the Home Service work do not know how quick- ly the task of organization has been ac- complished. The work of caring for the soldiers’ and sailors' morale, by seeing that their families were given neighborly and in- telligent help, was put upon the Red Cross suddenly, and there was scarcely any foun- dation for the work in many parts of the country. No other national movement, with Such possibilities for social betterment, had ever been attempted. Its problems were in existence as soon as men began to go from American homes into camps and cantonments, and its function- ing had to be made as nearly instantaneous as possible. w FIVE MonTHs' GRowTH. In one year, out of practically nothing, a system has been built up whereby the whole program of Home Service is work- ing, and although W. Frank Persons, Di- rector General, and his staff, do not consid— er it perfected, they feel that the founda– tions have all been laid for a work which will become the great civilian contribution to the winning of the war. It is their hope that through their efforts the families of men in service will be, in many cases, better off after the war than before, and in no case shall the influences of mobilization, or the actual toll of fighting, bear too heavily on folks at home for lack of friendliness and help. In one of the larger divisions the number of families taken care of, or given advice or recreational assistance, grew in the first five months of 1918 from 600 to 2,400; in another from 1,600 to 6,200, and in one of the largest from 7,200 to 20,000. This sort of growth is evident everywhere in the ac- tual numbers of people who are getting into touch with the service which Home Service stands for. This does not mean, however, that all or even a great part of this activi- ty is merely financial. In fact, in some cases the great growth in the number of families helped is paralleled by a decrease in the amount of money spent in direct money relief. MoREY RELIEF DECREASEs. Families frequently begin by needing money; they nearly always end by discov- ering that they have in the Home Service section a group of true and sympathetic friends who can be of help and comfort to them in thousands of ways. It is true, also, that in the beginning of the work there was a much greater need for money relief than afterward, because the War Risk Insurance law has been getting into operation in the meantime and is now relieving the families of men at the front. The division which in- creased in five months from 600 families to 2,400 decreased the amount of money spent for relief from $11,500 to $9,450, in spite of . the larger number of families. The larger division, which increased its families from 7,200 to 20,000, spent about half as much money on the 20,000 as on the 7,200. Home Service sections are happy to be relieved as quickly as possible of the money problems, not because they hesitate in any way to bear that burden whenever necessa- ry, but because the deeper and more far- reaching benefits which they hope to accom- plish for their communities depend upon a relation of disinterested friendship between workers and families. The relations are Sometimes difficult to maintain when fami- lies are worried by money trouble, and re- sentful of what they feel is injustice. MUTUAL SYMPATHY SHown. The extension of the work during the last few months has been accompanied by this deepening of interest and sympathy be- tween workers and families, which came from the realization by both of the possibili- ties for developing the bonds between them. The trained workers who have been sent out by the division offices to the various com- munities have used the opportunities of Home Service contacts to bring a message of social kindliness and mutual helpfulness into places where kindliness had been known before, but not effectively organized help- fulness. In the larger places, where agen- cies for social work were already developed, the Home Service workers have been in the closest cooperation with them. - On June 1, 1918, there were more than 220 on the staffs of the thirteen bureaus of Civilian Relief. These staff members su- pervise and standardize the work of the Home Service Sections, by means of field visits and conferences as well as by printed and written instructions, through which all the work is kept constantly in touch with national headquarters in Washington. To keep these staff positions supplied as the work becomes more arduous and extensive, twenty-five Home Service Institutes have been established and have graduated 600 students since last October. These students comprise many who are not intending to take executive positions, but are grasping the opportunity to train themselves for the volunteer work which chapters have under- taken. These students are many of them people of college training in the social sciences, and are all carefully selected as to their fitness for tactful and useful visit- ing among soldiers’ and sailors’ families. SERVICE “Over THERE.” As this work among the homes of men in service has grown, the other ends of the system—the contact with the soldiers—has grown also and with equal rapidity. At- tached to the Red Cross staff in every army cantonment is a Home Service representa- tive to whom soldiers who are troubled over family problems are referred, and through whom the helpful services of the Home Ser- vice workers in home communities may be invoked. Thus the family’s needs and the soldier's anxiety are both relieved; and the national organization of the Red Cross puts the whole system at the disposal of any sol- dier who needs it. To carry this out abroad Home Service workers are rapidly being at- tached to the military divisions of the Amer- ican Expeditionary Forces. The progress, over which division direc- tors were congratulated at the national con- ference by Henry P. Davison and Eliot Wadsworth, of the War Council, and other high officials of the Red Cross, may be sum- marized as the establishment of 3,000 Home Service Sections in which 20,700 workers, both volunteer and paid, were engaged. From April 1, 1917 to May 31, 1918 $2.050,- 000 was expended in relief and 202,000 fami- lies were given the benefit of the service. . American Red Cross workers will accom- pany the American soldiers and sailors en- joying trips on the river Seine. The trips will last all day, and a canteen will be op- erated aboard the boat. H ) A 5 75 & rº § * 3 wASHINGTON, D. C. THE RED CROSS BULLETIN *** AMERICAN RED CROSS Vol. II UNIy of sº JULY 29, 1918 No. 31 .* President Expresses Interest in Insular and Foreign Work; Americans the World Over Register the Red Cross Spirit The development of American Red Cross work in the insular possessions of the United States and in foreign countries, and the im– portance thereof, are matters of constantly increasing interest. President Wilson has been advised of this development in con- siderable detail, through a letter addressed to him from Henry P. Davison, chairman of dence will be appreciated. the War Council, and in acknowledgment has expressed his great appreciation of the progress of the Insular and Foreign Divi- Sion of the Red Cross. The informative value of the correspon- Mr. Davison’s letter to the President follows: “My Dear Mr. President: “There is one feature of the development of our Red Cross work to which, particular attention has not been called but which has interested me especially, and I believe will interest you. REACHI AMERICAN's EveRY wiłERE. “Soon after the War Council was ap- pointed, we determined to effect an organiza- tion which would enable us to call on every American man and woman in the world whom it was possible to reach for service. To carry out this plan, we organized what is called our Territorial, Insular and Foreign Division, or Fourteenth Division. The chapters of that division today are located in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canal Zone, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Guam, Guate- mala, Haiti, Hawaii, Nicaragua, Paraguay Japan, Peru, Philippine Islands, Porto Rico, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay, Venezuela and the Virgin Islands. “In our call for manufactured goods and contributed articles, we look to this division as regularly and confidently as to our other thirteen divisions in this country. The re- sult of this call has been more than grat- ifying, as on every incoming steamer from these foreign countries there are cases of manufactured goods, made of their native raw materials and following as closely as possible the design called for by us. It is estimated that these goods are now coming in at the rate in value of about $1,500,000 a year. Civilian Relief and Home Service, too, are being efficiently organized in our insular possessions where the men are being called for military duty. “In our second Red Cross war fund drive we looked to the Fourteenth Division for the sum of $300,000, making specific allot- ments, following our custom at home. The response to the drive, according to prelimi- nary reports, was, in round numbers, as follows: “The members of this division today num- ber about 100,000 adults, with approxi- mately 125,000 junior members, enrolled principally through the public schools of Our insular dependencies. This does not in- clude associate members, as, for instance, in China, where we have about 50,000 Chin- ese who pay a dollar a year to our local Red Cross chapters, and are known as associate members. This custom is practiced in other Countries as well. GREAT PossIBILITIES. “Of course, it is not the value of the goods or the number of dollars involved, but rather the effect such a relationship must have upon the American who has been so long away from home that he may have begun to be- lieve himself a man without a country. “My imagination has been allowed to play with the greatest satisfaction in this particu- lar undertaking, as I feel that the American in a foreign land has been, at least in spirit, brought home and made to realize a new sense of responsibility and obligation. The result of it is that he is a better man, has a better standing in his own community; and the spirit now permeating our own country is carried effectively into the remote com- munity in which this man lives. Perhaps, too, through these agencies, fuller inter- national understandings and friendships may proceed, for your society in its foreign branches, always organized with domestic approval, offers a medium through which humane, as well as patriotic forces, may best find expression.” THE PRESIDENT's Reply. The President replied to the above as follows: “My Dear Mr. Davison: “Your letter of July ninth tells me of an exceedingly interesting thing, the work of the Territorial, Insular and Foreign Divi- Sion of the Red Cross. It is a remarkable story and I share with you the deepest sat- isfaction for what these comrades of ours Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50.00 Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000.00 Bolivia (Returns not in) Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,165.00 Canal Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,000.00 Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,000.00 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000.00 Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,700.00 Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,000.00 Dominican Republic . . . . . . 80,000.00 Egypt (Returns not in) Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,800.00 *Guatemala ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.00 Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000.00 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677,000.00 *Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,500.00 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,000.00 Mexico ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,000.00 *Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600.00 *Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.00 Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000.00 Philippine Islands . . . . . . . . 20,000.00 Porto Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I06,388.00 Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000.00 *Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.00 *Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.00 *Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,854.00 *Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.00 *Virgin Islands (Incomplete) 2:6.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,485.577.00 *Amount actually received. Other fig- ures estimated. scattered throughout the world have done,” THE RE D C Ross BULLET IN Russia–New Red Cross Relief from the Baltic to Pladivostok Rush Supplies and Medical Aid to Czecho-Slovak Soldiers Hospital supplies, ambulances, medical personnel and necessary funds have been rushed to Vladivostok by the American Red Cross, for the care of wounded Czecho- Slovak soldiers who are reported engaged in serious fighting at Nibolsk, and other points in the vicinity of Vladivostok, with heavy casualties. Refusing to recognize the peace between Russia and the Central Powers, and endeavoring to withdraw their forces from Russia toward Vladivostok, they have met with determined opposition from former German and Austrian War prisoners. The urgent needs of the situation were brought to the attenion of the American Red Cross by Secretary Daniels, who re- ported that an American man-of-war was caring for eighty-three wounded, but that the facilities of the war ship were wholly inadequate for the rapidly increasing num- ber of wounded. • - Relief measures were immediately insti- tuted by Otis H. Cutler, director of the Bureau of Foreign Relations of the Ameri- can Red Cross, through foreign chapters of the organization. Dr. R. B. Tuesler, head of St. John’s Hospital, at Tokyo, was requested by cable to hasten to Vladivos- tok with necessary hospital supplies and personnel, and assume charge of the relief work. Pending his arrival, Charles L. Preston, a prominent American merchant of Vladivostok, was asked to take charge of immediate relief needs. Mr. Preston is a trade commissioner for the Department of Commerce by which he was temporarily released. The assistance of American Red Cross chapters at Tokyo and Shanghai was enlisted. PROVISION FOR QUICK RELIEF. Mr. Preston reported that the wounded Czechs now in naval hospitals are in dire need of proper food and lack necessary funds. He reported the imperative need of doctors, medicines and bandages, and was authorized to draw on the American Red Cross for $10,000 to care for immediate needs. The Japan chapter of the American tred Cross, assisted by the staff of St. Luke’s Hospital, has undertaken the or— ganization and equipment of a hospital unit to be located on a Russian island. Charles K. Moser, American Consul at Harbin and head of the American Red Cross chapter there, has also been author- ized to draw on the American Red Cross, to the amount of $5,000, for the care of Russian refugees, whose condition he re- ported to the American Red Cross, through the State Department, in the following Cable: “Eight hundred refugees are now living in tents and freight cars in Manchuria, whose homes were destroyed by advancing Bolsheviks and War Prisoners after Seme- noff’s retreat, fifty per cent being children, and thirty per cent women. They are mostly farmers, coal miners and railway employees and are completely destitute. They are being fed at present by Semenoff’s private means, but he can not furnish Sup- plies. They have appealed to the Russian- American Red Cross for clothing and homes sufficient during warm weather, but if win- ter comes before order is restored they will require shelter. In any case many were driven out before they could plant crops and there will be no harvest. They must be fed during the winter. Thirty thousand also were driven from Siberia by war pris– oners advance and have taken refuge in Manchuria and are destitute of everything. Today they appealed to Howarth and all the consular agents and American Red Cross for help, which we must have im- mediately.” - —º--& ... British Gift, Hospital on New Site A cablegram from London states that the hospital which is to be presented to the American Red Cross by the Joint War Com- mittee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John, will be located in Richmond Park instead of Windsor Great Park, as originally intended. The original plan was abandoned owing to difficulties of drainage, clay soil, etc. The Richmond Park site is pronounced by the English War of fice and experts to be satisfactory in every way. It is within a mile of two stations on the main line from Southampton. In giving formal notice of the proposed change the British Red Cross says: “His Majesty has graciously given his consent to the use of the area necessary for the hospital, and the Office of Works have undertaken its construction, the necessary funds being furnished by the Joint War Committee. Work will begin at once and it is hoped that a hospital may be provided within the next few months which will be worthy of the acceptance of the American Red Cross and of the American sick and wounded for whom it is intended.” Special Red Cross Relief Ship is to Carry Various Supplies The American Red Cross has made ar- rangements to dispatch to Russia at the earliest possible moment a large cargo of relief supplies. A special ship is to be used for this purpose and the cargo will be ac- companied and distributed by a group of Red Cross representatives who will work under the direction of the American Red Cross commission now in Russia. The cargo will consist particularly of foodstuffs, cloth- ing and medicine for the use of the civiliar, population, returning prisoners, and refu- gees. The Red Cross has been advised that those deserving of particular attention and assistance are Russian prisoners returning from captivity in Germany. They have been starved, and large numbers of them are af- flicted with tuberculosis. This shipment is, of course, to be made with the full approval of the United States Gov- ernment and will involve a gift by the Amer- ican people through the Red Cross. In announcing this shipment, Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, authorized the following statement: - ALWAYS EAGER TO SERVE. “In spite of all that has happened in Rus- sia, the American Red Cross has had mem- bers of its commission always there; always ready to lend a helping hand without regard to political consideration and without regard to what party in Russia was in power. We have sought by every means in our power to keep alive in Russia the feeling that the people of the United States, through their Red Cross, were eager to be of service to the Russian people in their distress and af- fliction. In other words, our whole policy has been in accord with the statement of President Wilson, at the Great Red Cross meeting in New York City, on May 18th, that So far as he was concerned he intended to stand by Russia as well as France. “Opportunity has now developed for carrying out this idea on a large scale; and it is the hope and expectation of the Ameri- can Red Cross that the material in the re- lief ship, now to be dispatched, will be ac- cepted as an effective token of the real spirit of the American people for what we know is the real longing of the people of Russia.” An officers’ restaurant has been opened at the American Army Headquarters, in London, by the American Red Cross, and has been placed in charge of a committee of American and English women. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Historic Richelieu Grand Gold Medal Voted to American Red Cross The Richelieu Grand Gold Medal, a medal originated by Cardinal Richelieu in the time of Louis XIV, and bestowed in the first in- stance on the Dames de Charité for their work in the hospitals of France, has just been voted to the American Red Cross by the Academie Francaise, in appreciation of “the immense services rendered by this work to the victims of the war in France.” This action was transmitted to the presi- dent of the American Red Cross in the fol- lowing letter from the ambassador of France to the United States: - “Dear Mr. President, “I am informed by my Government that the ‘Academie Francaise' has decided to be- stow the Richelieu grand gold medal to the American Red Cross, in order to show its appreciation of ‘the immense services ren- dered by this work to the victims of the war in France.” “It affords me particular pleasure to in- form you, in accordance with the instruc- tions I have received, of the bestowal of this medal on your so justly admired Soci- ety. It is only a token, but it testifies to the gratitude every one of my compatriots feels for the splendid work done by the American Red Cross to alleviate suffering and undo the work of destruction of a re- lentless enemy. “I have the honor to be with best compli- ments and regards, - “Sincerely yours, (Signed) “JUSSERAND.” Acknowledging the honor as communi- cated above, the chairman of the Red Cross War Council has addressed Ambassador Jusserand by letter as follows: “My Dear Mr. Ambassador: “The honor done the American Red Cross by the “Academie Francaise” in bestowing upon the Organization the Richelieu grand gold medal is characteristic of the heart and soul of the French people, who, by their gracious attitude, have permitted the Ameri- can people, through the American Red Cross, to give in slight degree an expression of their admiration and affection for the people of France. “As I have many times, said publicly, so I wish to write to you, that however much we may be permitted to do, it can not, at best, be anything more than an expression of gratitude to your people for the incal- culable service rendered us many, many years ago, and for their having fought and bled and died for us, as well as for them- selves, in this war. “Believe me, my dear Mr. Ambassador, with regards and esteem, to be “Very sincerely yours, “HENRY P. DAVISON, “Chairman, Red Cross War Council.” As a further mark of appreciation of the honor accorded the society, the Red Cross War Council has formally ordered the cor- respondence entered on its minutes. Circus Big Tops to Meet Temporary Needs of Warehouse Situation Owing to the rapidly increasing activities of the Red Cross in France, the warehouse situation there has become critical. In re- porting this situation to the Washington headquarters Commissioner Harvey D. Gib- son stated that it had been decided to start immediately the planning and locating of an ideal warehouse system. It is proposed un- der the new plan to ship hereafter to inland warehouses, for distribution, all goods ar- riving at the ports, instead of holding them at port warehouses and centralizing them at Paris, as in the past. : To carry out the plan, the commissioner said in his cable, there are needed at once for temporary warehouse purposes, twelve circus tents complete, and one hundred side- show tents, the former to be similar to those used by the largest traveling circuses, and the latter to be of assorted sizes. The War Council has made an appropria- tion of $46,500 to cover the purchase of the tents asked for, together with a sample portable house which will be sent as an ex- periment. Relief for Destitute Greeks Plans have been made by the American Red Cross Commission to Serbia for the re- lief of the Greek population in the territory now being administered by that commission. The plans have been approved by Consul- General Horton of Saloniki, who has stated that the Greek civilian population is in des– titute circumstances owing to the general mobilization. . In conformity with the plans the War Council has appropriated the sum of $165,- 087, for the purchase monthly for a period of three months, 320 tons of foodstuffs and ten tons of soap. These monthly shipments of supplies are for relief purposes in the Saloniki sections, and will not be used in old Greece. - France-Plans for Still Larger Work; Other News by Cable Red Cross Administrative Work in France Reorganized Upon the recommendation of the commis- sioner to France the Red Cross War Council has provided for a reorganization of the executive branch of the American Red Cross in France. The Finance Committee has been abolished, and in its place a commission to France has been established, with functions similar to those of the War Council in America. - The commission, on its new footing, will be composed of six members, with the com- missioner to France as chairman. The other members are Robert E. Oldes, H. L. Beatty, Carl Taylor, the general manager, and Miss Ruth Morgan, with the Red Cross commissioner to Europe as member ex-officio. In his cable on the subject Commissioner Gibson reported that after a review of the situation he found that with the increase of American troops, work would continue of constantly growing magnitude; that a vis- ualization of the situation shows—possibly this year and certainly next year—the need of great appropriations and still broader organization construction; and looking forward to these facts the commissioner desired to reinforce his own judgment by the utilization of the best minds in the or- ganization. The Finance Committee has been without real power against the com- missioner's veto and thus has had no actual responsibility for the Red Cross operations in France. - The newly constituted commission will have full power to decide policies, to ask appropriations from the War Council and Sub-divide expenditures under appropria- tions. No departmental heads were suggested for membership on the commission, with the exception of Miss Morgan, who is director of the Bureau of Hospital Service for Nurses and Nurses' Aids. The reason for this was that it did not seem advisable to have per- sons on the commission who might have requisitions to request. The idea was that the commission should act in a judicial C3- pacity and pass on questions of policy. Mr. Perkins, the Commissioner to Europe, fully concurred with Mr. Gibson regarding the new organization, which, it is felt, will better enable the War Council to discharge the trust placed in it for work in France. The students’ hostel, 93 boulevard Saint Michel, Paris, has been turned over to the American Red Cross and will be used as headquarters of the Friends Unit. 4 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE AM E. RIC A.N R F D C R O SS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers WooD Row WILSON Robert W. DE FoREst e tº e g g ſº tº gº tº w = * * President Vice-President * * * * * * * * * John Skrilton WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADsworth . . Vice-Chairman HAR vry D. GIBSON . . . . General Manager GEO. E. SCOTT Acting General Manager e tº ºr tº a º º Red Cross War Council *Y APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UR, ITED STATES HENRY P DAVISON Chairm a m Groß GE B. CASE John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT W A psyv GRTH JULY 29, 1918. Aid for Russia Two articles pertaining to the Red Cross news of the day, printed in this issue of THE BULLETIN, are of the greatest signifi- cance. The results towards which they point may be momentous. They tell of the immediate application of practical aid to the politically distracted, as well as physi- cally distressed, people of Russia, whose principal need in this hour seems to be a combination of helping-hand and Sympa- thetic heart. - The announcement of the American Red Cross plan for sending a supply ship to Russia to relieve conditions affecting the civilian population—the relief to be admin- istered under the direction of the Red Cross commission to that country—has been fol- lowed by news of arrangements which have been perfected for the rendering of assis- tance to wounded Czecho-Slovak Soldiers at Vladivostok, in the form of hospital Supplies, medical personnel and cash funds to meet This may be the be- ginning of a work which in due time will emergency demands. assume immense proportions. It may mark the dawn of a new day in the Russian strug- gle for liberty and stability. g How to extend aid that would reach its objective in Russia has been as much of a problem for the humanitarians as the gen- eral Russian situation has been for the statesmen of the Allied nations, since the cataclysm resulting from German intrigue. Conditions suddenly were precipitated which practically brought to a standstill the relief grown critical. In the have work that had been inaugurated. the relief There is a double reason meantime requirements for rejoicing in contemplating the resump- tion of relief activities on the scale indicated. In the first place the re-opening of the Red Cross field of endeavor will relieve suf- fering and distress where there is dire need of help from without. In the second place it helps to pave the way for the emancipa- tion of the Russians from an extraneous domination which has no objective except their exploitation in the interest of the very ideas which they, as a nation, want to make obsolete. And in this same second connec- tion the light brightens for the re-establish- ment of those mutual relations, and that co- ordination of effort, which will hasten the final defeat of autocracy and bring lasting peace on Liberty's terms. When President Wilson declared that we want to stand by Russia as we have stood by France, he spoke for the country —and for every agency which exists within the country. The American Red Cross has played, and is playing, a tremendously big part in the unparalleled world drama which has its principal setting in France. Con- templating that great work—the succor of the wounded, the feeding of starving women and children, the clothing and housing of the refugees, the mighty strengthening of the French fighting morale and the morale of the people behind the army, the exalting through deeds of mercy of a spirit that never will surrender—contemplating all this, what visions are raised of possibilities lying in the great country of the north which stretches into the far east ! If this be Opportunity’s knock it finds the American Red Cross awake. However ex- tensive the work that looms ahead, there is abundance of money to finance it and men and women to perform the needed service. Through the generosity of the American people, and the anxious willingness of the American spirit, the Red Cross will do its full part of the task. Mrs. Whitelaw Reid represents the Amer- ican Red Cross on the U. S. “Blighty” Com- mittee, organized for the entertainment of American Forces in England. - War Fund Now $176,528,158 The total of the Second Red Cross war fund continues to grow—and the returns still are incomplete. Reports from the various divisions received since the last figures were printed in THE BULLETIN, July 1, show contributions amounting to $176,- 528,158. This passes the mark of the most optimistic calculations, made after it was definitely would go beyond $150,000,000. Only two divisions, the Gulf and the Northern, have reported the returns from the drive all in hand at division headquar- ters. On July 1 the total stood at $170,- 038,394. With eleven of the thirteen conti- mental divisions still to be heard from finally, there is the prospect that the fund may go a considerable notch higher than the amount now showing. known that the subscriptions Send Remittances to Local Chapters All remittances of checks or money, cov- ering pledges, should be sent directly to lo- cal chapter headquarters. Checks, currency and post-office money Orders, covering pledges, are arriving at National headquarters at the rate of over one thousand a day. These remittances have to be sorted and returned to the chapters to which they belong, requiring a great deal of time on the part of the clerks. The re- mittance is delayed in reaching chapter headquarters and causes more or less con- fusion. Checks should be made payable directly to chapters or to the Second Red Cross War Fund, and mailed to chapter headquarters in the city or town in which the pledge was made payable. Persons making remittances should always state whether the remittance covers a pledge or a donation. New Headquarters Personnel Due to increased work at the National Headquarters, an additional associate di- rector has been provided for the Bureau of Canteen Service. Chester Woodward, Vice-President of the Bank of Topeka, Topeka, Kansas, has accepted this position and will serve as a full time volunteer. Lanning Harvey, of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, who has been serving as field director at Camp Greene, North Carolina, has been appointed additional as- sociate director of the Bureau of Camp Service, in charge of hospital service. He will serve without expense to the Red Cross. THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN - 5 Around the World with the Red Cross Nurse BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the fifth of Miss Delano's arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing Tesources.) : , , Sheaves of yellow telegrams are coming in to the Department of Nursing every day, announcing nurses who are enrolled for service by the Red Cross. The announce- ment of Secretary of War Baker, on July 4, that a million American soldiers are in France, is a challenge to the Red Cross to help supply the 15,000 trained nurses who must be on duty for each million men sent overseas by the United States. There are 23,154 nurses enrolled in the Red Cross today. Of this number, nearly 12,000 have been drawn for active service with the Army, Navy, or for special assign- ments under the Red Cross; and several thousand of the remaining number are hold- ing themselves available for committee work, instructing of classes, public health work, and similar activities. However, there are many who have neither reported themselves as ready for service, nor given reason for their inability to accept assign- ment. As far as our knowledge goes, we are compelled to count that number not yet heard from as “missing” in this roll-call for women’s service. We are compiling a list of such nurses, and shall make every effort to communicate with them either by letter or personal interview, in order that we may know at this time exactly upon whom we can rely. What are these Red Cross nurses who are in active service doing? Like most tre- mendously busy women, they are often “too busy to tell about it,” but in a few of the letters which come to us with Ameri- can and foreign postmarks, we catch a dramatic glimpse of the 2white aproned army which is caring for that other army of ours in khaki, and for civilian groups that need relief both here and abroad. - FROM NURSEs’ NoTE Books. To Roumania, where thousands of pa- tients were lying on beds of straw, in hos- pitals with no sanitary facilities, staffed by an insufficient supply of trained nurses, and where peasants had practically nothing to eat except cornmeal, eleven nurses went with the Red Cross Roumanian Mission in the fall of 1917. Of this little group chosen from our Red Cross enrolled nurses, Lieu- tent–Colonel Anderson, head of the Commis- sion, said on returning to this country: “I believe you might have searched the world over and not have sent better nurses. I traveled with them 52 days, over mountain roads, and Russian rivers, and I never heard a cross word from them. They have done more to confirm my admiration for Ameri- can womanhood than any experience I could have in years.” . A Won DERFUL ExPERIENCE. Miss Florence Patterson, the Head Nurse, wrote in May, 1918: “After our winter in Roumania, the whole of England, even in war time, seems a fairy land to us. The starvation diet and complete absence of soap in Roumania were two chief causes of disease. Our patients had no resistance, and where they would seemingly be doing very well, they would run a fearful tem- perature and go all to pieces without any apparent reason. We have had a wonderful experience and found that we could be healthy, happy, and more or less sane with very few of the commonly accepted neces- sities of our normal American life. The nurses were all decorated with the ‘Regina Marie’ medal by Queen Marie when we left, and in tears she asked us to tell the women of America how she had tried, and how she would continue to fight to the end.” In France, nurses supplied by the Red Cross are meeting daily emergencies in the military hospitals and in work with the refugees. How twenty Red Cross nurses were called during an air raid to a new Red Cross hospital where pitch black wards were filled with two hundred wounded American soldiers, is told in a communica– tion just received from Miss Julia Stimson, chief nurse of the American Red Cross in France. IN PITCH. BLAck WARDS. “Summoned in an emergency to take care of American soldiers in a hospital near the front,” writes Miss Stimson, “twenty Red Cross nurses were packed in a large motor Omnibus and sent to Beauvais. When the town was reached, at 10 p.m., the place was in such absolute blackness it was im– possible to read the signs in the streets and difficult to keep in the road. By means of Occasional flashes from a hand torch it was possible to follow the guide to the ‘Ecole Prefessionale’ which had just that day be- come an American Red Cross hospital. We drove into a courtyard; some voices were heard; and people came out with exclama- tions of welcome. By this time the siren was sounding the warning of the air raid, and guns were booming. The nurses were hurried into a pitch black room, because it was explained that it was unsafe for them to stay out in the open. They could not see the faces of the people who were speaking, and not even a cigarette light was allowed. “For a few minutes talk was rapid, while the situation was explained. There were about two hundred American patients in the building; also a few French soldiers left from the preceding organization. The civilian employees had left because of the severe raids. Gas, electricity, and water mains had been put out of business and operations had been carried on the night before by the light of hand electric torches. VoIUNTEERED UNANIMOUSLY. “It was stated that at least eight of the new nurses would be needed that night, and volunteers were asked for. Every one of the twenty volunteered. The first eight women who could be touched in the dark- mess, much as children pick leaders in a game, were put over on one side, while the rest were conducted to an empty ward. The eight might nurses, discarding their hats and coats, were taken to pitch black wards full of wounded men. As the truck with all their bags had not yet appeared, they had to go to work in their blue serge dresses. When the chief nurse saw them the next morning, with their hair dishev- elled, with their faces and dresses covered with dust from the trip, with towels pinned across the front of their cloth dresses, she could not help thinking that some of the illustrators of modern magizines would change their opinion of war nurses if they could see this group.” . HEROIc WoRK AT Homſ E. Here in the United States Red Cross nurses are helping protect the health of our people in every day life and in emergencies. From treatment tables set up on lumber piles or in the employment offices, a group of Red Cross Public Health nurses are giving typhoid inoculations to a throng of 20,000 workmen engaged in emergency con- struction work for a nitrate plant. “We go to the changing army of builders at work,” one of the nurses writes, “and set up our treatment tables while the foreman lines up the men who either have their inoculation or present a ‘completed’ card.” When a fire whistle sounded in a little western town early this month, it was the signal for a Red Cross nurse under this bureau to start relief work while the houses were burning, and during the following days. “All day I went from place to place.” she says, “sometimes on foot and sometimes on horseback. Sick babies had to be helped, refugees in tents visited, and a case of typhoid cared for to prevent an epidemic.” (Concluded on page 8.) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Italy —Activities Grow; Many Red Cross Workers //in Honors Italian Budget Shows Enlarged Plans in Future Work for Refugees The American Red Cross Commission to Italy has submitted its budget of estimated expenditures for the six months’ period, July 1 to December 31, 1918, amounting to $12,657,837.50, and the War Council has made appropriations to cover the same. The budget is divided into three main divi- sions—the department of Military Affairs (including the military and medical Sec- tions), the department of Civil Affairs, and the Administrative Bureau. Estimates for civil relief total nearly two- thirds of the entire budget, the amount be- ing $8,961,590. Estimates for the work un- der the department of Military Affairs total $3,497,532.50. Expenses of the Ad- ministrative Bureau are estimated at $198,- 715, this including purchase of camions and automobiles and labor of chauffeurs and other personnel of the section of transporta- tion; and the expenses of the sections of Purchases and Stores, and other sections. The largest single item in the budget is $3,300,000 for canteen service which dis- tributes food to the Italian refugees. The food distribution is on an estimated basis of 15,000 rations daily, and includes the installation of one hundred kitchens. It is figured that it will be necessary to ship 1,400 tons of food a month from America, and that all other expenses will be covered by selling the rations at fifteen centesimi (about three cents) each. AID FOR SoLDIERs' FAMILIES. Another item of refugee relief, which in- cludes units already erected and to be erec- ted, comprising houses, hospitals, schools, etc., for Venetian refugees and for general relief work, calls for expenditures of $1,155,000. For the operation of twenty-eight ouv- roirs, or refugee work-rooms, located in every section of the country, the estimated expenditures will be $3,077,140. Relief of Italian soldiers’ families, the number of which needing aid has been greatly increased by the recent great battles, calls for an appropriation of $1,030,700 in the budget; and the item for children's work, including asylums for war orphans, day nurseries for the children of refugees who are working and children of soldiers whose mothers are working, and for sum- mer mountain colonies, calls for $357,500. The principal items under the department of Military Affairs are $1,187,175 for hos- pital service—which includes a gift to the Italian Red Cross to assist in replacing the hospitals lost during the retreat of the Ital- ian army last fall—and $1,100,000 to carry on the campaign to eradicate tuberculosis. Other items are $110,000 for service in the interest of Italian soldiers at the front; $495,000 for cost of new ambulances and maintenance of the ambulance service; $453,722.50 for rolling canteens at the front and rest houses at railroad stations; $54,- 037.50 for surgical dressings, and $55,027.50 for the building and equipment of a nurses’ home in Milan. For Working Cash Capital The War Council has appropriated the sum of $1,000,000, additional to an appro- priation of the same amount ºn May, as working cash capital for the Red Cross Commission to Italy, as a result of increas- ing requirements. Any part of this money unaccounted for under specific appropria- tions will be returned. Swiss Red Cross Sends Appreciation of Donation for Its Work The representative of the American Red Cross in Switzerland has received the fol- lowing letter acknowledging the recent gift of $125,000 to the Swiss Red Cross, from Colonel Bohny, of the latter society: “I received with great joy and thankful- ness your kind letter of June 6th advising me officially of the most generous and un- expected gift of your Red Cross Society in favor of our Swiss Red Cross. I have called a meeting of the directors of our in- stitute, who are at its head in time of peace, and have given them knowledge, as well as my direct chief, the Federal Council Monsieur Decoppet, of your great and lib- eral donation. “I have been instructed to forward their most hearty thanks, to which I beg to join gratefully my own. I shall do my best to use this money according to the wishes of the most charitable American institute which you represent in such a dignified manner in the country and I have no doubt that through this donation, so generous be- yond all and every possible expectation, the feeling of our Swiss people shall and will be still more friendly and thankful toward your country than they have hitherto been.” Italian Cross of War for American Red Cross Ambulance Men The Italian Cross of War, a cablegram from Rome states, has been awarded to twenty-one American ambulance drivers of American Red Cross Ambulance Section Number 3, for service in the recent fighting which re- sulted in the Italian victory. Other men of this section were given other decorations, and it is understood that still other Red Cross Ambulance sections, which rendered equally important service are also to re- ceive official recognition. The men in Section Number 3, on whom the Cross of War has been conferred, are Lieutenant Askum, San Francisco, Director of Section, and Tedford J. Eaton, Raymond Hanks, Willard H. Ohl, George Noyes, Grant Palmer, Robert Reiser, Henry Spell- man, Edward Dougherty, Harry Gibbs, Wested Henderson, Charles Masters, Mal- colm Olson, Bryant Prescott, Winthrop Slade, Jr., Armory Thorndike, George Pifer. Some of these men were members of Sec- tion 5, but served with this section during the battle. Coles Seeley, of Newark, N. J., an Ameri- can Red Cross ambulance driver, who was wounded, was visited personally by King Emanuel, who expressed his appreciation of the work done by the American Red Cross in the Italian war zone. Seeley, who was. wounded in the hands, will be discharged from the hospital in a few days. . Hemingway, of Kansas City, another American Red Cross driver was wounded by a bomb while he was distributing hot drinks, food and tobacco to soldiers in the front trenches during the fighting. Although he received 237 wounds in his légs, he is pro- gressing toward complete recovery. At the request of the commissioner to Italy the War Council of the Red Cross has appropriated $110,160 to provide for three monthly shipments of 200 tons of rice. -º-º: The American Red Cross has given a check for $40,000 towards the erection of a tuberculosis sanitorium at Lege. The women workers of the A. F. F. W. make daily personal visits to the French hospitals in Paris caring for American wounded. This was done at the instigation of the American Red Cross. There are five French hospitals in the capital that admit American soldiers. THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN - 7 Home Service Across Seas Work in France to Ease Worries of Soldiers Progressing “The importance of placing every ounce of energy against the enemy during the present war has been fully realized, and the “Home Service’ branch of the Red Cross has been organized in France, in order that the soldier's personal troubles may be taken away from him and that he be in con- dition faithfully to perform the duties as- signed to him as a soldier.” Thus the reason for organizing Red Cross Home Service work in France, among the men on the actual firing line, was set forth in an official memorandum issued from an army headquarters in the battle territory. It was accompanied with the order that every soldier in the command should have the matter brought to his attention. Home service work abroad has only just begun in comparison with the progress which has been made in a year on this side, but the recent trip by Director General W. Frank Persons, who took a number of workers with him, has given it the impetus which soon will produce results. MAN WITH EVERY DIVISION. It is the present plan to have a special Home Service man with each mobile army division and in every concentration or train- ing camp, that is wherever there are twenty to thirty thousand men gathered together. It is hoped that the efforts now being made to get the message to the men will result in having every officer, soldier, sailor and marine in the service of the United States ſºnow just what Home Service is and feel that he can rely upon it to look after his home troubles for him. In presenting the matter to the soldiers in France the Home Service bureau stated that a case for Home Service originates “when a man receives disquieting news from home, or when he begins to worry about a situation he knows is developing there, or about something he can not do himself be- cause he is in France. Unless he can tell his story to some one, and be assured of help, such a situation is pretty certain to affect his morale. - “If he goes to an officer about it, no mat- ter how earnestly that Capitain or Lieu- tenant may want to help him, it is a difficult proposition to know how to do so effectively, how to get immediate action by some friendly agency in the soldier's home town. Here is where the representative of the Home Service Bureau can help. The officer can call him in and repeat the story, or send the soldier to tell his own story to the Red Cross man. The case is then for- warded to the Red Cross headquarters in Paris, and from there goes to Washington by either mail or cable, according to its character. “The Red Cross headquarters in Wash- ington sends it by telephone, telegraph, or mail direct to the Home Service committee operating in the city, town, or rural district where the family lives. There is a Home Service committee in every county in the United States, so there is no possible doubt but that the case will receive immediate at- tention; as soon as the problem is referred to the Red Cross the soldier can safely for- get all about it.” “PACK UP You R TROUBLES.” All of the publicity put out by the Home Service Bureau in France has put special emphasis upon this last point. When the soldier has told his story he is urged to think nothing more about it. He is assured that it will be taken care of because that is what the Red Cross is there for and he is expected to worry no longer after the Red Cross has begun to take a hand. To give the men a chance to feel that the Home Service men to whom they have given their confidence is as much a part of their army division as they themselves or their company commanders it is the intention to send Home Service workers overseas to be with the men they have learned how to serve. Divisions already in overseas service will have trained workers assigned to them. This policy of enabling Home Service workers to remain with the men whom they have been helping when those men are sent abroad will be followed as much as possible, in order that the threads of confidence once established shall not be broken, and that men who have learned to know the problems of soldiers in a certain division will not lose that valuable prepa- ration for continuing to give help. How Junior Red Cross “Happened” to a Western Boy The Red Cross is teaching patriotism to its 8,000,000 Junior members through the greatest educational system in the world— active service. Moreover every school auxiliary is a distributing center for patri- otism to its whole community. From west and east, from north and south come stories of children, the children of the Red Cross, Junior AMembership AMelting Pot who are playing their part in the molding of the nation. Here is a story from the Mountain Divi- sion, a division having a strong foreign element. George is a member of a for- eign room at school, where the instruction is in large measure oral, for few of the pupils understand book language. Little English is used in their homes and they meet it only in school. Here the main ob. ject has been to teach “plain United States.” His teacher tells how the Junior Cross “happened” to George: “George was classed as an “incorrigible.” When remonstrated with and asked the reason why he had done thus and so, he would say his ‘head went 'round.” (His teacher’s did the same.) “But George knitted for the Red Cross and became so interested in doing some- thing for the soldiers to pay back all they are doing for him that it took his mind off of himself and unconsciously, he reaped the reward of service for others. Red WAs TURNING PoſNT. “He wanted to learn to knit because his partner had learned, and it was fun to roll the ball up and down the aisle, when the teacher wasn’t looking. “I did my best to get the boys enthused and when the woman who canvassed our district in the interest of the conservation of food made her report, I was gratified. Calling at the home of George, she started in to explain the object of her visit. ‘I know all about it,” said the mother. “My Cheorge watch like a cat on the table. “Clean your plate or Hoover get you,” he say. I think he go crazy. Last night I go in the room and what you think, he sit up in the bed and knit so fast he can. I say, ‘What you do, Cheorge?” He tell me “I knit for the soldiers. Mrs. Kelley say we knit night and day. No time to be lost.” What you think?’ “George, and others boys of his type, their minds concentrated on the knitting, forgot to be mischievous and had good les- sons. Several months ago George was pro- moted. He still minds his knitting, and, en passant, his teachers.” - The American Red Cross is advancing money to agriculturalists from the invaded regions and the army zone in France, pay- able without interest, upon application in person or by letter to the departmental committee. - - 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN All the Way from the British Isles to the Holy Land Child Welfare Work in England to be Given Additional Assistance In elaboration of the work started early in the year, the War Council has appropri- ated the sum of $156,053.75 (the equivalent of £32,750) to be used for the establish- ment of maternity centers and for child welfare activities in Great Britain. During a recent visit of members of the War Council of the American Red Cross to Great Britain, the question of extending this welfare work was considered in some detail. More recently, Mr. Endicott, at the head of the Red Cross Commission to Great Britain, has been in consultation with the local government board which was ap- pointed by Parliament to supervise such work, and of which Sir Arthur Newsholme was the chief, with the Duchess of Marl- borough Jewel Fund Committee, and with various persons interested in the work. Finally, the Commissioner to Great Britain appointed a Red Cross Advisory Commit- tee to investigate fully the entire subject and to recommend what appropriation, if any, should be made and what particular committee and activities the American Red Cross should assist. In conformity with the conclusions ar- rived at through the investigation above mentioned, the appropriation of £32,750 will be expended as follows: Maternity Homes—Money to be held and expended by the National League of Health, Maternity and Child Welfare, £10,000. Maternity Centers and Infant Welfare Work; Maintenance for one year of New- market Red Cross Maternity Centers, in- cluding day nursery, to be established in centers largely occupied in war work, £5,000. For the Duchess of Marlborough's Ma- ternity Hospital,—to be given to this hos- pital so that it need be enlarged from eighteen to fifty beds, £10,000. Shell-shock children—as a gift to the In- valid Children’s Aid Association to be ad- ministered by the governing body of that ASSociation for raid—shock children in Lon– don and its neighborhood, £5,000. North Islington Maternity Center and School for Mothers—for an extension of the work already begun with the early gift of the American Red Cross, £1,000. Kentish Town Day Nursery—to provide additional cots and for £550. . North St. Pancras School for mothers, which is run in close association with the other expenses, Kentish Town Day Nursery—toward en- dowment of a permanent building, £1,000. Shoreditch School for Mothers—for fur- ther extension of their work, £200. Erroneous Statement Corrected The acting general manager of the Red Cross has issued the following statement: The RED Cross BULLETIN of July 8 and some division bulletins of later date have carried the announcement that messages containing news of death or injury to Sol- diers and sailors would be carried to their families by members of the uniformed Red Cross Motor Service. This is inaccurate, and the announcement should be withdrawn. The War Department requires that all casualty information be forwarded by them, either by wire or letter, direct to some rela- tive of the soldier or sailor. These mes– sages are not to be forwarded by the chapters. If the chapters request any information regarding a soldier or sailor, the Bureau of Communication will obtain from the chapter the name of the nearest relative of the soldier or sailor, and advise the chap- ter that the relative will be notified direct, as soon as information is obtained regard- ing the wounded or missing man. Calls upon sorrowing families, when made in the name of the Red Cross, should be made by members of the Home Service Section in the manner and in the spirit of the letter of instruction from the Director General of Civilian Relief, dated April 1. Join Military Relief Staff The following other appointments to the Department of Military Relief are an- nounced: . . . R. H. B. Thompson of St. Louis, As- sistant Director of the Bureau of Camp Service, in charge, for the summer months, of the furnishings of the Red Cross houses. Kent O. Mitchell, Assistant Manager of the Farm Mortgage Department of the New York Life Insurance Company, in Chicago, Assistant Director of the Bureau of Or- ganization. The American Red Cross canteen at “a center in France” runs so efficiently that it is possible to serve 600 men in fifteen min- utes Adjoining is a rest room with twenty baths and showers. - - - Red Cross Work in Palestine Gets Patriotic Send-off Advices just received from Jerusalem tell of historic ceremonies on July 4, when the work of the American Red Cross Commis- sion to Palestine was formally inaugurated. General Sir Edmund Allenby, in command of the British forces in Palestine, was the guest of honor, and all of the allied nations were represented. Present also were high dignitaries of the Roman Catholic, Protes- tant, Greek, Moslem, Armenian and other Churches, including the Bishop of Jeru- salem. The Zionists’ Commission was rep- resented by Dr. Weizmann. Generals of the British army and the military gover- nor attended with their staffs. John H. Finley, State Superintendent of Education of New York, head of the Commission to Palestine, in welcoming the guests, referred to July 4 as “Interdepend- ence Day.” He suggested that America’s contribution to the fulfillment of the prophecy of the restoration of Palestine was but a modest intimation of how the people of America, and of all nations and all faiths, are eager to contribute their genius for the beautifying of the Holy City, for the cleansing of the villages, for the blessing of the children and for the en- richment of the lives of those who keep there their spiritual and physical home- stead. General Allenby, who was enthusiastically received, responded with a cordial welcome to the Red Cross Commission, as representa- tives of America. - (Concluded from page 5.) From the prairies of the Dakotas in the spring came a typical Red Cross Public Health nurse report: “The roads are open and my busy time has begun. I am out on the prairies every day, and snowfall is not severe enough to prevent me from driving. I have finished my first inspec- tion of 154 Schools.” - Thus we see the Red Cross nurses who have gained by months of patient training that experience and ability most needed by women today, helping in maintaining the world’s health. To send a sufficient number of such women to our army abroad, we must call upon them only when absolutely needed here. If their work is to go on, their experience must be conserved and utilized to the fullest possible extent. HY s "Sº A 4- A L13RAR). AoA3 º &* & , , , , 2 Nº º THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS wASHINGTON, D. C. - º Vol. II **śy. of ** AUGUST 5, 1918 No. 32 Red Cross Junior Membership Joins With War Savings Bureau to End Child Exploitation - Discouragement of the exploitation of children in the collection of patriotic funds, looking to the prevention of abuses that have attracted attention in various financial drives, has been undertaken jointly by the Bureau of Junior Membership of the Amer- ican Red Cross and the Division of Educa- tion of the National War Savings Com- mittee. “Education in patriotism and service are the aims of the Junior Red Cross and of the school campaign of the National War Savings Committee (United States Treas- ury)," it is declared in a statement to the public. “Where the children of the country are concerned these aims are far more im- portant than the material results of their service in money or supplies. The reversal of this policy would endanger the future which these children hold in their hands.” Reference is made to statements in re- cent campaigns that school children have engaged in unauthorized street speaking, selling, soliciting and collecting contribu- tions outside of school hours. Although these activities have had their origin in the laudable zeal of the children or those re- sponsible for their welfare, they must be discouraged, it is declared. The danger of overstimulation and of the undue pressure exerted by inter-school competitions are de- clared to be as great as the danger of slack- ness and indifference. Teachers, it is as- serted, sometimes create this condition by saying to the children: “You must bring a quarter, or a dollar, etc., next Monday.” REAL OBJECT of CAMPAIGNs. On the other hand, the statement points out, saving or earning in proper ways for War Savings Stamps or for the Red Cross will inculcate the habit of thrift and Self- denial in the minds of our boys and girls. This valuable lesson is stated to be the ob- ject of the financial campaigns and activi- ties of the respective organizations. In expressing disapproval of the exploita- tion of children for the purpose of collect- ing money it is declared that boys and girls under the legal age of labor must not be exposed to the dangers of street work. It is explained that the Junior Red Cross and the War Savings Committee seek to work through the schools and in School time, under proper school control, and that they do not encroach upon the child’s playtime. The statement says in conclusion: “The children are the hope of the world. This generation will leave them a heavy leg- acy of world problems. The future waits upon their energy, sanity, their breadth of vision. Our wisdom and foresight today must insure them the strength to meet that future.” Medals of Valor Bestowed on Am- bulance Men by King In the presence of more than twenty thou- Sand troops, American Red Cross Ambul- ance drivers of Section 2, who rendered dis- tinguished services during the great June victories, were decorated by the King of Italy last week, according to a cablegram received at American Red Cross Headquar- ters. Many Italian officers and soldiers re- ceived decorations at the same time. The following Americans were awarded the medal of valor, with the silver star, the highest decoration with one exception con- ferred by Italy: Lieut. J. P. Gillespie, Second Lieut. Col- lingson, J. W. Miller, Jr., F. Agate, R. C. Cory, G. H. Dorr, and W. J. Feder. Bronze medals of valor were awarded to John Gordon, L. H. Davidson, D. S. Wolfe, and Clarence Roe. Fifteen others of Sec- tions 2, 1, 4 and 5 were awarded War Crosses. 't The silver medal also was conferred on Edward McKay, the American Red Cross Lieutenant who was killed on June 16 in the performance of duty with a rolling canteen at the Piave front. * A fair was held at Bourges, June 16, under the auspices of the American Red Cross and the Committee on Public Sub- scriptions, for the benefit of the War Re- lief Bureaux. One of the most pleasing features was an exhibit of roses. The buildings in Paris taken over by the American Red Cross for the housing of refugees now accommodate 6,500 persons, New Red Cross Bureau of Conserva- tion to Start Campaign on Nation-Wide Basis - The Red Cross Bureau of Conservation has been established under the Department of Development, and will begin its activities at once. Robert L. Raymond of Boston who has been appointed Director of the Bu- reau, arrived in Washington last week, to take up his duties at National Headquar- terS. - Mr. Raymond is an attorney, and was for several months field director of the Red Cross at Camp Devens, and later was con- nected with the Conservation and Reclama- tion Division of the Quartermaster's Corps. He will devote all of his time to the new position and will serve without compensa- tion. This new Bureau of the Red Cross which promises to develop a countrywide work of great importance, was created at the re- quest of Bernard M. Baruch, Chairman of the War Industries Board. The work to be undertaken is intended to supplement the activities of the Conservation Division of the War Industries Board. The functions of the Bureau will consist in collecting, through the various Red Cross Chapters, certain materials specified by the War In- dustries Board, to be sold after collection for essential Government uses, and in edu- cating the millions of Red Cross members to the principles underlying conservation. MATERIALS FOR wan PURPOSEs. A very important part of the work of the War Industries Board relates to the con- servation of materials necessary for direct use for war purposes. It is expected that such work will increase both in respect to the number of materials necessary to be conserved and in importance as a war meas- ure. In order that such conservation may be a nationwide affair, it will be necessary in many instances to reach the people in all parts of the country as directly as possible. Chairman Baruch, in a letter to the Chairman of the War Council of the Amer- ican Red Cross, expressed his belief that the Red Cross could, through its organization, render valuable service along the lines above indicated, and stated that the War Indus- 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN tries Board would welcome its co-operation. So far as the campaign of education with respect to conservation is concerned, it nat- urally will be left to those in charge of the newly created bureau to determine what measures are necessary to bring the most effective results. The War Industries Board will keep the Red Cross informed as to materials in the collection and conservation of which the Red Cross can be of most service, and will Sup- ply the Red Cross with all technical advice and assistance that it may require. In the program of salvaging and conserv- ing there are certain materials which can not be reached through existing trade chan- nels, especially where the appeal must be made to the householder and to individuals. It is in this connection that the Red Cross will be able to contribute, in a large meas- ure, to the success of the general program. OPPORTUNITY WELCOMED. Chairman Davison of the War Council, re- plying to Mr. Baruch's request, stated that the Red Cross welcomed this opportunity to co-operate in the program of conserving the materials necessary for direct use for war purposes. He also expressed confidence that the loyal Red Cross workers through- out the country would welcome, with enthu- siasm, any opportunity to assist the Govern- ment along the lines mentioned, either by actual work or through educational propa- ganda, or both. The Director of the new Bureau, who has given considerable study to the subject, be- lieves that the more important and useful function of the Red Cross will be its work of educating the public, through its mem- bers, as to principles of conservation. The actual salvage part of the work or collec- tion of materials will be in his opin- ion a secondary matter, while the finan- cial benefit which the Red Cross will derive is merely incidental. The first work of the Bureau of Conserva- tion will be to organize all the chapters of the fourteen divisions so that the actual work of conservation may begin at the earli- est possible minute. The American Red Cross has given $600 to the city of Dinan (Cotes du Nord) to be used for the purchase of flour for the bakers. The American Red Cross has made a gift of $15,000 to the Swiss Central Committee for distribution among the Russian war victims, without regard to religion or poli- tics. Fight Begun Against Virulent Influenza; - American Army Doctors Study Disease Financial Aid in Campaign to Stay Spanish Grippe in Switzerland One hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars has been appropriated from the Red Cross War Fund to assist the Government of Switzerland in the establishment of hos- pitals and isolation houses, and undertaking other relief measures, to stay the epidemic of Spanish grippe which has assumed alarm- ing proportions among the Swiss army and civilian population. The seriousness of the situation, resulting from the spread of this disease among the Swiss people, was reported to the War Coun- cil in a cable from Carl P. Dennett, tem- porary head of the Red Cross Commission to Switzerland. - Mr. Dennett stated that at Fribourg there were 1,500 cases and that twelve deaths had occurred there. From Berne 1,600 cases and thirty-seven deaths were reported. It was stated in the cable that the military au- thorities were having great difficulty in han- dling the disease among the soldiers, and that, because immediate action was neces- sary, a communication has been addressed to Monseuir de Copes, stating that the American Red Cross desires to render every assistance possible, and that if financial help would be acceptable, he would place at the disposal of the Swiss Republic the neces- sary funds up to 500,000 francs, for the es- tablishment and equipment of special hos- pitals, isolation camps, or such other meas- ures as are necessary to stamp out the dis- €3 Se. Gover NMENT ACCEPTS OFFER. In a subsequent cable Mr. Dennett re- ported that the Swiss government had ver– bally accepted his offer with gratitude, had advised that the epidemic was serious and the help timely, and that as a result of the Red Cross offer of assistance, the govern- ment was taking immediate steps to secure hospitals and isolation houses for the mili- tary and civilian population. The War Council took the first opportu- nity to confirm the action decided upon by the Red Cross representatives in Switzer- land by voting the appropriation above stated. Disease Puzzles Medical Men Spanish grippe, or Spanish influenza, is a disease about which the medical fraternity in this country have no definite information as yet. The surgeon general's office of the War Department is awaiting reports from abroad, supplementary to the special cables which already have been received, and the newspaper accounts of the spread of the epidemic, to determine whether it is a new disease that must be dealt with or simply the well-known form of influenza which has assumed a particular virulence. Theory tends toward the latter conclusion. The present manifestation of the disease was first noted in Spain a few months ago, which accounts for the name given to the epidemic. Its next appearance was in Ger- many, where it was reported to have been very serious. Late cables tell of the “Span- ish sickness” in Berlin being chiefly among the troops, where it has assumed a very fatal character. In the reserves divisions of the guards the deaths in one week amounted to ten in one company, twelve in another and five or six each in several. Un- derfeeding, it is reported, has augmented the fatality. A great part of Germany’s outside com- merce now is carried on with Spain, and the germs of the disease probably were transmitted through that source. Switzer- land is the neutral country through which trade between Spain and Germany has its channel, which would account for the out- break of the disease in epidemic form there. American medical authorities, it is stated, have several special cases under inspection at the present time, for the purpose of as- certaining the exact organism with which science must contend. Mountain Air for Kiddies It has been decided to open a fresh air station at Mt. Aigoual for repatriated and refugee Belgian and French children. The children will be accepted for periods of twenty days in lots of one hundred, and the establishment will be open from the first July until the middle of September. Every request for admission filled out by parents, guardians, etc., must be accompanied by a medical certificate stating the child to be free from contagious disease, but in need of mountain air. In the 19th arrondissement of Paris, the American Red Cross has created special services, dispensaries, health stations, etc., for the children of Paris whose fathers are with the armies. r HE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 3. “Goodies” to Eal, Games to Play, and Rousing Welcomes Cheer Our Boys Hundreds of Tons of Sweets are Re- quired for Boys in France Five Hundred Tons of Jam | of the items that will be required monthly by the American Red Cross organization in France in connection with its work among the troops of the American Expeditionary Forces. No wonder it is necessary for the folks at home to go a little easy on sugar. This 500 tons of jam was one of the items in a list of standard articles for which the Red Cross Commissioner to France cabled, the articles in question to be distributed through American Red Cross Postes de Secours in the army zone, through hospital representatives at army hospitals, and to some extent at canteen. Basing his esti- mates on a sliding scale to provide for the number of American troops it is expected will be in France by the end of the year, the commissioner stated that he would require certain quantities of supplies, among the other articles listed being two hundred tons of chocolate, fifty tons of cocoa, and large quantities of gum, tooth brushes and miscel- laneous supplies. The commissioner's cable stated that, in the confusion of battle, troops in many cases have entirely lost their per- sonal belongings; and the same thing is in- variably true of men sent to the hospitals. A supply of the articles named, in the hands of the Red Cross, is particularly desirable. CHAPTERs To PRODUCE JAM. Originally it was intended that the great quantities of jam required for relief work should be produced by the Red Cross chap- ters in this country, but it was found, on consideration, that the fruit season will have passed before a separate production can be developed. The commissioner to France has been advised of this fact; and he has been assured that a program will be made for the production of jam early next year, if it is then desired. To meet the present situation certain quantities of jam may be purchased in the open market. The War Council has appropriated the sum of $564,780 for the purchase of choco- late, cocoa, 1,500,000 packages of chewing gum, and other miscellaneous supplies to be distributed to the troops in the American Army zone. • ‘ Always Providing Comforts More and more letters are being received at Paris headquarters from American sol- This is one diers in Europe expressing their apprecia- tion of the services of the American Red Cross. Following is an extract from a letter received recently: “Just a few lines to show my apprecia- tion of the work the American Red Cross is doing over here. It is certainly a wonderful organization for thoughtfulness and self- sacrifice. The men connected with the branch where I am stationed will go out of their way any time to provide comforts for the boys. They appear to think that they can not do too much for us. “PRIVATE CHARLEs J. HAGUE, “Headquarters Co. 102, F. A.” American Troops Get Tremendous Welcome and Red Cross Cheer On Arrival. In Italy The tremendous enthusiasm of the wel- come that greeted the first American troops arriving in Italy is told in a cablegram re- ceived at the National American Red Cross headquarters from a representative of the Red Cross with the Third Italian army. The cable stated that troops had been arriving. for two days, and that the boys were in excellent condition and splendid spirits. “Never have we received any welcome like this, not even at home,” is the way several of the men expressed their appreciation. At all the principal stops on the way to the front the troops were met by American Red Cross representatives, who provided them with hot coffee and other substantial comforts. A small emergency hospital has been established at the American base by the Red Cross. This has been of great Ser- vice, although the cases with which the nurses have had to deal have been for the most part of no more seriousness than up- set digestion, due to change of diet. In providing for the comfort of the Amer- icans along the line of travel, the Italian Red Cross also was very active, the cable- gram stated. Nothing was left undone to make the Americans feel at home and to show them that their presence in Italy is ap- preciated. At the base they were met by the commanding general and staff. Many aeroplanes flew over them and dropped slips of paper on which were printed the words, “Viva Wilson.” Bands of the Italian troops which acted as escort played patriotic airs. All through the night the troops were ar- riving at base, and all night long American Red Cross workers, at a temporary canteen, served coffee to the men as they detrained, Baseball and Foot-Ball Supplies for Hundreds of Teams Over There The National game, baseball, is following the flag to the war zones of Europe—and the American Red Cross is doing all in its power to supply the American Boys “Over There” with the equipment to keep the game going. American foot-ball is fast on the heels of baseball across the ocean. In a recent cable, Harvey D. Gibson, Red Cross commissioner to France, requested the shipment of baseball equipment exclusive of uniform sufficient for two hundred diamonds. In a cable from London, Mr. Endicott, head of the Red Cross Commission to Great Britain, has requested the immediate ship- ment of shoes, stockings, assorted gloves and other baseball equipment, except uniforms, sufficient to supply two hundred baseball teams. The commissioner to Great Britain also made a request for shoes, stockings, suits and helmets for an equal number of foot-ball teams, together with one thousand foot-balls. - In conformity with the above request, the War Council has appropriated the sum of $49,980 to provide for the supplies desired in France, and the sum of $67,737.85 for the purchase of the equipment asked for to equip the baseball and foot-ball teams among the American boys in England. Bids to cover the entire baseball supply abroad have been negotiated through B. B. Johnson, president. of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs. For Canteens in England The War Council has appropriated the sum of $117,790 to cover canteen supplies for Great Britain for a three months' period. Monthly shipments will include 30 tons of coffee, 15 tons of sugar, 300 cases of evap- orated milk, 100 bbls. of white flour, and 500 tallow or wax candles. Personnel Changes Edward C. Crossett, of Davenport, Iowa, who has been serving as full time volunteer as director of the Bureau of Chapter Pro- duction, has been appointed associate direc- tor of the Department of Development. He will perform the duties of both positions in future. William G. Roelker, of Providence, has been appointed associate director of the Bu- reau of Chapter Organization. 4” º THE RED cross BULLET IN THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee Eliot WADsworth Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON - General Manager GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . Acting General Manager 9 @ - © tº a 6 s e e :- • * * * * * Red Cross War Council Bºy AP POINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P DAvison . . . . . . . . . . . Chairm a m GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH -- AUGUST 5, 1918. -—” Red Cross Membership what does membership in the American Red Cross mean? Answering this question, one year ago, the interpreter of the greater movement then taking form under the emblem of mercy might have been regarded by many as a zealot, whose utterances were to be weighed accordingly. Although the people of the country had just responded to a call for $100,000,000 to finance the projected Red Cross work, by topping that figure, prob- ably not even the subscribers to that fund fully realized the meaning of the new move- ment which they had launched. The nation was in the first flush of patriotic enthusiasm following the entry of the United States in the world war; impulse, added to confidence in the organization which was undertaking the tasks that loomed ahead, may have been no small factor in the spontaneous response to the call. But a few months later more than 22,000,- 000 Americans—well towards one-fourth of the population of the United States—had en- rolled as members of the Red Cross. Five million persons, approximately, had contrib- uted to the original war fund. In May, 1918, when the call for the second war fund went out and another $100,000,000 was requested, the response was an amount more than $76,- 000,000 in excess of that asked for. BETWEEN FORTY-SEVEN MILLION AND FIFTY MILLION PERSONS CON- TRIBUTED TO THE SECOND WAR FUND. This was in an hour of Soberer judgment; when there was a record of ac- tion before the public; when the true Red Cross spirit had taken deeper root, and when opportunity had been afforded for an appreciation of the meaning of the Ameri- can Red Cross in the fullest sense. Now membership in the American Red Cross is something as obvious with respect to its meaning as American citizenship it- self. more trite than to reiterate the glory of Yet to dwell on its significance is no patriotism, or of the ideals for which Ameri- can citizenship is symbolic. There are ob- vious things that can not be too prominently kept before the public mind; and, at this particular time, this is one of them. Everybody knows that our allies across the sea have been deeply impressed by the showing America has made in connection with the Red Cross drives. What everybody - does not realize, however, but something which has been made plain to all who have visited the other side, is that it is not the millions in the funds that amaze, but the many millions of individuals who have con- tributed to them. Mere sums of money have ceased to stagger or astound in these days. But the spirit of a people is a never-ending inspiration. And the American Red Cross stands for a spirit translated into terms of mighty action. The American Red Cross no longer is merely a society. It is not an institution— for it is greater than such. A movement that might exist without any name at all happens to have crystalized into a tremen- dous human force under its banner. A cer– tain something in the American character— something that lies in the soul of every American man and woman—a new inward and spiritual desire to serve humanity, which has sought a composite form of actual hu- man influence, along with the other and older influences that are exerted in the sav- ing of civilization, has found its channel for expression. Membership in the American Red Cross is the outward and visible form of that in- ward and spiritual desire. More than 172,000 visitors registered at the child-welfare exhibit held by the Ameri- can Red Cross at Lyon. Praise for Smith College Unit The Smith College Unit rendered such aid to the American Red Cross nurses in establishing an emergency hospital and car- ing for 200 wounded American soldiers, as to win the following mention in a report just received from the chief nurse in France: - “A number of the members of the Smith College Unit, to whom too great praise can- not be given, are flying about on all sorts of errands. Some make beds, some go for food in their automobile trucks, and others wash dishes. The kind of work they have been doing for days is wonderful. They have been of untold comfort to the men.” Red Cross School Auxiliaries The manager of the Southwestern division reports that 8,058 schools have been organ- ized in that division under the Red Cross Junior Membership. In a table compiled by the Junior Membership Bureau, showing the number of Junior members and the number of School auxiliaries, which was printed in THE BULLETIN of July 22, the Southwestern division was credited with only 1,849 school auxiliaries. The error, it is explained by the Bureau, was due to a clerical mistake, the figures of a single state having been taken for those of the entire division. A similar error robbed the Mountain divi- Sion of full credit. There are 1,388 auxil- iaries in the latter division. Finance Committee for Italy With the appointment of Dr. Joseph Col- lins as a member, the Finance Committee of the Red Cross Commission to Italy is now fully constituted. The committee is com- posed of the following persons: Chester H. Aldrich, James Byrne, Dr. Joseph Collins, Ernesto Fabbri, Samuel L. Fuller, Robert Perkins and Herbert Scoville. In Memory of Gen. Davis The Executive Committee of the Ameri- can National Red Cross, at its last meeting, recorded a vote of sympathy with the fam- ily of Major General George Whitefield Davis, who died in Washington on July 12. General Davis served the American Na- tional Red Cross as chairman of the Cen- tral Committee from November 30, 1905, to November 12, 1915. The American Red Cross mission in Berne will create workshops, infirmaries, canteens, convalescent homes, etc., for the allied interns, civilian and military. THE RED cross BULLET IN 5. The Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the sixth of Miss Delano's arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) In the rural districts and small towns, where often there are no hospitals and nurses are few and far between, the Red Cross, through its Town and Country Nurs- ing Service, is holding the fort against sick- ness and death, and is carrying on a steady campaign of disease prevention and health education. The Town and Country Nurs- ing Service and other Red Cross nursing ac- tivities are conducted under a bureau, of which Miss Mary S. Gardner is the director and Miss Elizabeth Fox the associate di- rector. It is from the small town and the country that many of our eminent men and women and the greater part of the nation’s work- men are recruited, and yet until recently the facilities have been scant, indeed, for the care of the sick and the protection of the health of this essential part of the na- tion’s man power. Of late, however, the citizens of these communities have been awakened to the significance of their back- wardness and have been taking vigorous steps to bring themselves into line with the public health work done in the cities. The war, especially, has aroused them to the meed of maintaining life and working power. Their calls for public health nurses have been numerous and insistent. Some ninety- six of them have established their work through affiliation with the Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service. CHANCE FOR CoopFRATION. It is often a community most greatly in need of a public health nurse which least realizes the possibilities of such service, and perhaps is unable to raise the funds for the support of such a nurse. Here is an oppor- tunity for Red Cross chapters to cooperate in the establishment of town and country nurses in surrounding rural communities, or in some far-away section of the southern mountains or western plains. We have found, in placing our nurses in communities with small resources, that if the salary and expenses of the nurse can be supplemented for a few months or a year, the community, convinced of the necessity of such service, will make an effort to place the work on a permanent basis. The effects of the work are contagious and spread rapidly from town to town, and county to county, so that one pioneer as- sociation in a new territory is frequently followed rapidly by the establishment of many others. \ The success of this work depends largely on the public health nurse. She finds rich opportunities and varied duties. The care of the sick, the prevention of infant mor- tality, the guardianship of the health of the children, the stamping out of tuberculosis WHERE DOES THE RED CROSS NURSE GO2 I *Nº || navy cantonments hos- (*) | pitals; into the sanitary zones around camps to prevent NTO our large army and the spread of contagion; overseas to hospitals where our wounded American boys are brought; into Roumania to bring help to starv- ing peasants; into Italy and France to establish teaching cen- ters where the principles of health and the care of the sick are taught; into our own cities and little towns to aid in con- trolling outbreaks of typhoid, meningitis, and other contagious diseases, and to spread the doc- trine of good health. Kºº. HOW CAN WE HELP TOISEND MORE2 º p |º Y conserving nursing ac- tivities here, and by en- to go | couraging student nurses into training schools. Every person who today em- ploys a trained nurse when not absolutely needed deprives our soldiers at the front of impera- tive care and is therefore giving aid to the enemy. - and contagious disease, and the education of the people in the laws of health, may all be part of her work. These Red Cross nurses are to be found in the southern mountains, in the heat of Texas and Arizona, on the western plains, in mining towns, in farming districts, in the lumber country and in the stately England village. - One of our nurses is in a little mining town up in the mountains of Colorado. There is no hospital and only one doctor. When accidents happen or patients are very ill, she brings them carefully down the moun- tain in an automobile and then continues the journey for eight hours in a box car to the nearest hospital. In the winter when the snow is deep, and the men come from the warm mine into the severe cold outside, she has many cases of pneumonia to nurse. She is always there to welcome each little newcomer into the world. She watches con- stantly over all the children in the town, visiting often in their schools and homes. She is teaching the boys and girls good hy- gienic habits that will keep them sturdy and fit. Once in a while she descends into the cities for a bit of theater, the opera and the shops. And then she returns to this little town up in the heart of the beautiful moun- tains, and again keeps watch over her people. What nurse would not like to be in her place? WoRKS IN ALL SEAsons. Another nurse is the only one in a big county in the Michigan peninsula. When the Snows are heavy she goes about from home to home and school to school on snow- shoes. In the Summer, when the roads are open, it is an easy matter to cover the ground in an automobile. Dentists are few and far between in this remote county, and the far- mers are too busy to take their children to his distant office. So, among many other things, this nurse has worked out a plan by which on a certain day one farmer collects all the children in a given area and brings them to the dentist and takes them home again. A different group of children is brought in each week. In another county the nurse works out an itinerary and makes all the appointments and the dentist, carrying his paraphernalia in a wagon, goes from place to place, and set- ting up his equipment under a tree wherever the children are gathered, fills and attends to their teeth and then packs up and goes to the next group. Down in the southern mountains, where we find our simon pure Americans who have been shut in these many years from the progress of the outside world, the nurse, apostle of the new health, rides horseback from one lonely cabin to another, carrying the latest scientific knowledge and trained skill to these superstition-bound moun- taineers. - Such accounts as these show us why the Red Cross, in the midst of war, is asking these guardians of the source of our na- tional strength to remain at their present posts of duty. 6 THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN Home Service is Far-Reaching–Helps the Families of Foreigners Encouragement Given to Depend- ents of Czecho-Slovaks While the army of Czecho-Slovaks is occupying the attention of all the allied peoples as it moves across Russia and seems likely to set up a new Russian-German bat- tle front, hundreds of dependents of Czecho- Slovak volunteers are being given encour- agement in the United States by Red Cross Home Service sections. The Czecho-Slovak fighters now in Europe comprise principally two separate contingents, an army in France and an army in Siberia. The army in Si- beria, a force of about 100,000 men, now the only well organized and effective body of troops in the whole Russian empire, is attracting the greater attention. But there is another large contingent of Czecho-Slo- vak troops, serving as a unit under the French High Command, on the western front. These are made up principally of former subjects of the Austro-Hungarian empire who have volunteered from America and other countries. WHAT THE PROBLEM Is. The Home Service problem in the United States, so far as the Czecho-Slovaks are concerned, is to take care of the residents of America who volunteered to fight in France or Italy against the Teuton armies. Many of them felt very bitterly against Austria because of its denial of liberty to the Slavs and the Bohemians, and they were happy to get a chance to fight against either Germany or Austria. In this country many of them left families. A relief Society Was organized among other Czecho-Slovak resi- dents, as the Czecho-Slovak Relief Commit- tee, with headquarters in New York, under the chairmanship of Mrs. C. R. Motak. It was through this committee that the Red Cross Department of Civilian Relief was informed of the problem among the families of these volunteers, and a system of coopera- tion with this committee was devised. At the present time there are Czecho- Slovak families scattered all over the United States, which have men fighting in Russia or in France, and the Home Service sections of the Red Cross are treating them with the same consideration that is being given to the families of soldiers in the American army. Real-Life Stories of Home Service A woman of advanced age and of great refinement applied at the office of a western Home Service Section for help in getting work as a charwoman. All she wanted was work. She confided nothing of her trouble nor her necessities, and no effort was made to intrude into her affairs. After a few days she came back again asking for work of the same kind, and a third time she was forced to come for help since her age made it im– possible for her to make good on any of the opportunities found for her. On a third visit she broke down and told one of the Home Service workers that she was trying desperately to support her hus- band, more aged than herself and completely helpless. He had been a clergyman. An only son was a sergeant in the army but his pay did no more than cover the necessities of his young wife. They had been living all together but the son had been called to a distant camp and his wife had gone with him. - The absolute need for food did not recon- cile this woman to accepting even a loan from the Red Cross but she was willing to accept the help of Home Service workers in getting her affairs on a better basis. It was found that her house could be divided and the Home Service Section found a ten- ant for half of it whose rent did something to meet the expenses of the owners. Then work that paid fair wages and was not too hard for the old lady was offered her and she felt that her problems were solved. She thanked the Home Service workers with this comment, “It is easy to swim when you know someone is ready to catch you if you start to sink.” BACKBONE WAS STIFFENED. When Charles C — first came to the attention of the Home Service section of a southern town he was stranded and desti- tute. He was a Russian, only 29 years old, who had lost a leg through an accident while serving in the Regular Army during the Mexican border trouble. All he asked was help in getting to a government home for disabled soldiers. For a man of 29 to enter a home for old soldiers seemed to the Home Service workers a great pity, and it was suggested to C– that he try to educate himself for some self-supporting work. He had been fairly well educated in Russia and was eager for a chance to show what he could do. The Home Service section secured for him a scholarship in a good business college and permission from a Y. M. C. A. office for the privilege of practicing on one of their type- writers. With these opportunities he turned his back resolutely against a life of depen- dency and set out to make good for himself. More Than One Hundred Thousand Cases, One Month’s Record During the month of June more than 100,000 families of soldiers and sailors re- ceived help of some kind from Home Serv- ice sections; and the total expenditure for money relief, as nearly as it can be esti- mated, was about $400,000. These estimates are based upon a compilation of figures made in the Department of Civilian Relief, at national headquarters, from the reports of 1,174 Home Service sections. There are in the whole country about 3,600 Home Service sections, so returns for June have been received from less than a. third of them. These show that in the 1,174 sections the families dealt with, during the one month, numbered 86,514. Of these about 65,000 required substantial service, and 22,000 were given information only. The financial assistance given for 65,000 families amounted for the month to more than $300,000. These figures are a secure basis for the conservative figures stated above, and indicate the present wide ex- tent Of Home Service work. CENTERs of THE WoRK. The geographical distribution of Home Service work follows the distribution of population. The largest number of families dealt with during the month was from the New York office of the Atlantic Division, which covers New York State, New Jersey and Connecticut. The second largest divi- sion centers at Boston, for all of New En- gland, and the third largest center is Chi- cago, from which division point the work for Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and Nebraska is directed. There are 130 persons helping to adminis- ter Home Service and Civilian Relief, all of them in Washington, except for the directors and staff of the Home Service Institutes, who are in New York City. The information service is now handling about 5,000 inquiries a week, from the fam- ilies of soldiers and sailors who wish help in getting their allotments and allowances through the War Risk Insurance Bureau. These 5,000 inquiries are not more than one- third of the total number of inquiries di- rected to Home Service sections. The others are taken care of by the section and division offices. - - . American Red Cross representatives are at work in fifty-eight of the unoccupied departments of France. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - 7 Red Cross Preparation Complete When Our Soldiers Began Battle *- “In the Wake of the Fighting” (Written in France) There was a time when by far the largest proportion of the work done by the Amer- ican Red Cross for the United States sol- diers was work of preparation. To be ready when the time came, that was the problem, to have hospitals, supplies, warehouses, transportation, and to have them as near as possible to the places where they would be most needed. The process continued, not in one warehouse but in many sprinkled through the base, intermediate and advanced zones, until some visitors said it was fantas- tic, exaggerated. Whole hospitals, their im– maculate white beds untouched, lay waiting for Americans wounded in battle. And then March 21st arrived in history and April and May 21st, and the early days of June and the communiques began to con- tain regularly the word American; and, finally, our present July with every cable full of the work of the American soldiers driving the Germans back. What the Amer- icans had done—not in plans and supplies but in fighting—began to appear in the lead- ing articles, and the immaculate white un- touched beds were no longer untouched. The supplies poured out in a great torrent. To cite a single instance, the American Red Cross in the past seven days put up four- teen hundred beds and planned for one thousand more beds. REQUIRE HEAPs of SUPPLIES And what does a hospital bed connote? Blankets, sheets, pyjamas, surgical dress- ings, barracks, tents, doctors, nurses and So on without end. It makes a dent in the largest warehouses, when you suddenly re- move from it enough supplies to put up two five-hundred and one four-hundred bed hos- pital in a week. The nearer the front Sup- plies are carried the more elastic the stor- age, transportation and distributing systems are forced to be. When there is a great attack there is greater need. The supplies flow faster and the big warehouses are dis- covered not to be bottomless. The refilling process has to begin. Take for illustration one typical case, the work of a Red Cross Division representative who was sent out from Paris to join a divi- sion of the Army. He arrived at the head- quarters of the division situated in a French village, which in 1914 the Boches had rav- ished with dynamite. Finding the hotel closed, he took out his Tommy cooker and with part of the supplies brought with him, cooked a meal. And for four days he was a squatter, a new kind of war squatter. Fin- ally a medical officer took him in and he was given an office, a place for his supplies and invited to the officers’ mess. And this is what the officer subsequently wrote: “Your American Red Cross representative assigned to this division joined for duty at a psychological moment. The American Red Cross kindly placed at my disposal the stock at their warehouse, enabling me to fill requi- sitions without interruption until supplies reached me from our Army Medical Supply Depot. These gifts and loans were most timely and were greatly appreciated.” OLD TIME YANKEE NOTION MAN The representative met every supply officer and divided his supplies fairly among the different units of the division. He himself distributed throughout the area occupied by the division tobacco in all forms, reading material, games, playing cards, socks, base- ball equipment, powdered chocolate, soup and thermos bottles, candles and Tommy cookers. Infantry and artillery regiments, machine gun battalions, the engineers and ammunition train, the supply train, head- quarters and military police, the signal corps battalion, the front line aid station and the trenches were all visited and each unit shared in the Red Cross supplies. Every gun position and dressing station was visited. - Thermos bottles and powdered chocolate were placed in the front line stations to supply a healthy stimulant for the wounded and shocked patients collected during an action. Less exciting than gun positions but not less important, he equipped a rest room for the nurses and one for the doctors, in an evacuation hospital, supplying couches, com- fortable chairs, writing tables, papers, maga- zines, books, a victrola, tea-set and, to add a cheerful note, some chintz curtains. EveRYTHING FOR EMERGENCY And of course the emergency medical supplies play a vital part. “During a recent gas attack,” said the representative, “I was able to deliver cer- tain drugs unobtainable elsewhere at the moment. They arrived just at the time the stock on hand gave out.” - And here is what the medical officer wrote about such services: “The fact that we can call on the Red Cross for such services is especially valuable in advanced areas, as it means that we can promptly carry out plans.” Translated, the last six words of this let- can write to this effect is because months fort the sick and the wounded.” The reason why an American Army officer can write to this effect is because months ago the Red Cross filled its warehouses, and sent capable men into the advanced areas, to distribute the gifts of the American peo- ple right at the points where they are needed moSt. Aged Helpers In the Great Work Here is a letter from a poor woman liv- ing in Boonville, Arkansas, written to the Committee on Public Information: “As I was looking over the Arkansas Homestead I saw your ad for public in- formation explaining the Red Cross. I work some every day for the Red Cross and put in one day every week a gathering up eggs. I sell them and turn the money into the bank for the Red Cross. Some will say what is it to you and I tell them that of course I haven’t got any boys gone yet but I don’t know how soon I will have. I know that the boys in France are risking their lives to save our country and I want to help all that I can. Some tell me that it helps the bankers. I don’t know and I want to get some information; maybe it will help me in the work. I am fifty-eight years old but I can help in this war.” This letter was written in pencil and contains many crudities in spelling and ex- pression which are not given in the text as here printed, but it thrills with the por- trayal of that spirit which reaches into the humblest homes and makes America the force that it is in the war for the saving of civilization. # * : * There is an old colored woman employed as a cook at one of the Eastern country clubs who has devised a unique scheme of raising money for the Red Cross. She cuts the “pretty girl” pictures off the covers of old magazines, pastes them over elliptical pieces of stiff card-board, attaches a handle made out of the wood of a cigar box, and sells the fans thus produced for five cents each. - This colored woman is over seventy years old but she wants to do all that she can for her country, and has invented her own way to do it. She sells all the fans she can make and turns the money over to the Red Cross chapter of her town. 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Month’s Record Shows Increase of help of mutiles. Two electrical workshops 85,000 Civilians Aided by American Red Cross The American Red Cross, through the varied activities of its Civil Affairs Depart- ment in France, reached 412,566 civilians in June, according to a cabled report just re- ceived from Harvey D. Gibson, Commis- sioner to France. Seventeen delegates gave special relief in eleven departments of France in the war zone, and ninety-two dele- gates and associates rendered service to refugees in seventy departments throughout the country. - The work on the medical side was spe- cially promient in June. Seventeen civilian hospitals, including a new hospital for mutilated soldiers, were opened during the month with a total capacity of 1,698 beds. Sixty-one dispensaries were established, where 45,028 children, tubercular or refu- gee, were cared for. Medical direction also was supplied three institutions where 1,500 children have been assembled from the war zone, and 4,287 articles of hospital equipment and supply were distributed. Special attention is being given to the children of France, particularly with a view to decreasing infant mortality. As part of this work a campaign for the education of mothers in the care of infants has been in- augurated, and many child welfare exhibits have been held. A baby-saving exhibit at Marseilles was attended by 32,231. Red Cross medical authorities also deemed it advisable to supply additional nourishment to the school children of Paris, and during June 32,000 school children received supple- mentary food from the American Red Cross at school lunches. The Emergency Refugee Relief. Commit- tee aided 45,000 refugees, passing through Paris, from May 27 to June 30. To these and other refugees, as well as the needy of France, were distributed goods as follows: 296,710 garments, 56,647 pairs of shoes, 17,- 222 articles of furniture, 60,078 articles of bedding and household linen, 85,569 yards of cloth and 668,672 pounds of food. Where established French relief societies were found to be doing an effective work, the American Red Cross has sought to work through these societies, increasing their effi- ciency and scope with financial aid. Last month this financial assistance amounted to 921,585 francs. Anti-tuberculosis societies received 435,477 francs; organizations car- ing for refugees were granted 345,353 francs; 38,000 francs was devoted to relief work in the war zone; 70,505 francs were spent to as- sist established organizations in the care of children, and 32,250 francs went for the and a recreation house also were completed by the Red Cross for the French School for the Re-Education of War Cripples. Of the total of 412,566 civilians thus reached during the month of June, 127,043 came under the Red Cross Children’s Bu- reau; 10,179 were helped by the Tubercu- losis Bureau; 10,168 mutiles were aided; 38,638 were aided by the War Zone Bureau; 226,638 were refugees or the children of refugees—a total increase of 85,353 civilians aided over the highest number reached in any previous month. The Red Cross Spirit, As Shown By Lighthouse Keeper Here is a story of sacrifice on the part of a lighthouse keeper in Porto Rico, who, out of his monthly salary of fifteen dollars, gave to the Red Cross two days’ pay amounting to $1.10. Aside from the letter of appreciation which the contributor in question received from an official of the American Red Cross, there was a letter which he doubtless will always hold as a treasure from a member of the President’s cabinet. The correspondence which follows tells the story. - First there was this letter from Pedro A. Hernandez, Laborer in charge of the Mayaquez Harbor Range Lights, addressed to the Lighthouse Inspector at San Juan: “It is my duty to inform you that it has been impossible for me to purchase or con- tribute in any form or manner in the pur- chase of War Savings Stamps, or subscrib- ing to the last Liberty Loan. My shortage is due to the fact that my salary is very Small but, at any rate, I wish to contribute in some way and I have decided to give an amount corresponding to two days of my salary of the month of May which amounts to $1.10 and this I am willing to give to the Red Cross Association. I wish to enter my most energetic protest for the unjustifiable crime of the sinking of the S. S. Carolina.” - . This letter eventually came to the at- tention of Secretary of Commerce Redfield, who wrote the following personal letter to the commissioner of lighthouses. “I beg you to present my compliments to Pedo A. Hernandez, laborer in charge, Mayaquez Harbor Range Lights, through the inspector of the ninth district, and to commend him for his patriotic action in giving an amount equal to two days’ salary to the Red Cross. I desire that the fact of this contribution in the form of a copy of the letter stating it, may be made a por- tion of the official record of this employee.” Sisters of Soldiers, Under War De- partment Ruling, Are Eligible For Foreign Service As was expected, the War Department has modified the order prohibiting the granting of passports to relatives of sol- diers, so that sisters of officers and en- listed men henceforth will be eligible for the Red Cross nursing service and for other important work. The following memoran- dum on the subject, from General Peyton C. March, chief of staff, has just been made public: “On representation of responsible heads of the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., and other allied bodies who are doing war work in France that they are unable to obtain a sufficient number of women as workers, the prohibition by the War Department con- cerning the granting of passports to rela- tives of officers and men in the United States Army is modified so as to permit the use of sisters of soldiers as workers under the following conditions: “1st. The sisters must be duly accredited members of one of the regular authorized organizations. - “2nd. Each must be particularly qualified by training for the position she is to fill. “3rd. That she is sent to France as a worker and not as a relative. “4th. That she will make no efforts to visit her relatives in France whether sick or well. “5th. That the organization to which she belongs will make itself responsible for re- turning her to America in case she violates these rules. “6th. That if she marries an officer or a soldier in the American Expeditionary Forces after her arrival, she will automatic- ally be sent back to the United States by the organization in which she is serving. “An agreement has been reached with the heads of the organizations affected to submit to the headquarters of the A. E. F. in France for approval lists showing the numbers, they recommend being sent, and those actually sent will, therefore, be based upon the calls of the heads if these societies in France.” - On June 4 and 5, 20,900 articles of women’s and children's clothing were distrib- uted by the American Red Cross at one of the halting places of the refugees. The American Red Cross postal service in France has recently been reorganized on wholly American plans. Lieut. George F. Miller is at its head. •. º - - T H E ... " . . * - - .: ..." "... -- * - * “...?...y *. cº- - * . . .” . Vol. II wASHINGTON, D. C. AUGUST 12, 1918 RED CROSS BULLETIN • AMERICAN RED CROSS No. 33 Army Calls for Thousand Nurses a Week; Red Cross Prepares to Meet the Deman Surgeon General Gorgas of the United States Army has called upon the American Red Cross to enroll for military service at home and abroad a thousand nurses a week for the ensuing eight weeks. The Red Cross immediately set its organization ma- chinery in motion for the purpose of com- plying with the Surgeon General’s request. The nurses for military service have been enrolling through the Red Cross since the United States entered the war at the rate of about one thousand a month. During the recent special effort put forth to ob- tain nurses the enrollment increased about threefold. In order to meet the most re- cent request of the Surgeon General that rate will not only have to be maintained but increased materially. SURGEoN GENERAL's CALL. The Surgeon General's call is as follows: “In view of the great need of a large increase in the number of nurses required for service with the Army at home and abroad, I call upon your organization, as the chief nurse-recruiting agency of the Army to employ every possible means to in- crease the enrollment of nurses for im- mediate assignment to duty. “with the contemplated increase in the Army both at home and overseas, there must be a proportionate increase in the number of nurses in the service. The Army today is growing faster than the Nurse Corps is increasing, and as the Armies overseas enter the front line trenches in greater numbers, the greater will be the need for nurses in the Army Nurse Corps. “I, therefore, urge upon the American Red Cross, though its agencies, to bring to the attention of the trained nurses of this country the necessity of immediate of fer of service and their enrollment in the Army Nurse Corps. “I hesitate to deal in concrete numbers, but I desire to emphasize the fact that I need today a very material increase in the Army Nurse Corps, and desire this increase As & S. in the ratio of at least a thousand a week for the next two months.” With reference to this emergency call for nurses, Miss Jane A. Delano, Director of the Department of Nursing of the American Red Cross, made the following Statement: - .* RED CROSS DIRECTOR's APPEAL. “The eight thousand graduate nurses called for by the Army in groups of one thousand a week are in addition to more than twelve thousand nurses already sup- plied by the American Red Cross to the United States government for active war service. With complete confidence in the answer which the 50,000 graduate nurses not yet enrolled in the United States will make to this summons to care for our - sick and wounded, I have called upon the Red Cross agencies and all Training School superin- tendents to carry the message quickly to every graduate nurse remaining in their communities. “We plan to bring this call personally to each of the nurses not yet in war service and I feel that all who are physically able to render this military service will enroll at once. I know the sterling character of the American trained, nurse. Over many years I have seen her self-sacrificing consecration to duty. She is intelligently patriotic. She is proud to be chosen from millions of women anxious to care for the sick as the representative of American woman- hood permitted to wear the Army and Navy uniform in our military establishments. IMMEDIATE DECISION NEcEssary. “There will be no need to draft nurses— American nurses would not thus belie the traditions of their profession. In all wars they have been the prompt volunteers of mercy, and the spirit of Florence Nightin- gale is still alive. I would, however, urge upon each graduate nurse eligible for active service the great necessity for immediate decision and enrollment. The Army must (Concluded on Page 5) SLANDERER IS CONWICTED Federal Judge, in Trial of Wisconsin Official, Holds That Espionage Act Applies to Red Cross — Jury Finds Defendant Guilty for Utterances Made During War Fund Drive. A most interesting case under the espion- age act has recently been tried in the United States District Court for the western dis- trict of Wisconsin, the court for the first time taking definite position to the effect that section three of that act applies to the Red Cross. The defendant, Louis B. Nagler, was con- victed for utterances attacking the war activities of the American Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A. as well as remarks about the government and those associated with it in the conduct of the war. At the time the offense charged in the indictment was com- mitted the defendant was assistant secretary of state for the State of Wisconsin, and Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. drives were on in Madison. The trial took place at Eau Claire, before Judge Evans, of Chicago, acting district judge for the western dis- trict of Wisconsin. Section three of the espionage act ap- proved June 5, 1917, provides that whoever, when the United States is at war, shall will- fully make or convey false reports or state- ments with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States or promote the success of its enemy; or shall willfully cause or attempt to cause insubordination, dis- loyalty, mutiny or refusal of duty; or shall willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlist- ment service of the United Staes, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. THE SLANDEROUs Words. The indictment charged the defendant with having spoken the following words in the presence of numerous people: “I am through contributing to your pri- vate grafts. There is too much graft in these subscriptions. No, I do not believe in the work of the Y. M. C. A. or Red Cross, for I think they are nothing but a 2 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN bunch of grafters. No, sir. I can prove it.” “I won’t give you a cent. The Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., and the Red Cross is a bunch of grafters. Not over ten or fifteen per cent of the money collected goes to the soldiers or is used for the purpose for which it is collected.” “Who is the Government? Who is run- ning this war? A bunch of capitalists com- posed of the steel trust and munition makers.” - At the trial Nagler was represented by some of the ablest legal talent in Wisconsin. A motion was made to quash the indictment on the ground that it failed to state facts sufficient to charge him with the commission of a crime. In denying the motion Judge Evans held that the term “military or naval forces of the United States” can not be fairly defined or construed so as to exclude either the Red Cross or the Y. M. C. A. With the defendant’s assertion that this re- sult would lead necessarily to the conclu- sion that a violation of the act occurs when one speaks falsely and with bad intent con- cerning the Knights of Columbus, the Sal- vation Army or the Jewish Relief Organi- zation, the court agreed. DEFINITION NoT LIMITED. “No other conclusion would be logical.” said Judge Evans. “In a Republican form of government, like ours, with war con- ducted as it is today, there should and can be no refined or limited definition of the term ‘military or naval forces.’ The forces that actually fight on the battlefield and the forces that produce the food and arms and munitions at home, are SO related and interdependent that it is impossible to say one belongs to the military forces and the other does not.” Answering argument of the defense, the court held that there was nothing in the Geneva treaty, even if it were not in any way affected by the acts of Congress con- cerning the Red Cross, that justifies the con- clusion that the members of the Red Cross are not a part of the Army and Navy of the United States. The argument that the words spoken were not capable of doing in- jury to the army and naval forces, because no army or navy camps existed in the vicin- ity of Madison at the time the words were spoken would, if sustained, Judge Evans declared, lead to most intolerable and il- logical conclusions. - Count STATES CASE PLAINLY. “Can a man who contaminates the spring at its source avoid responsibility because the resulting damage occurs at the mouth of the stream,” asked the court, “Can a resident of this country avoid responsibility for remarks, the effect of which is to inter- fere with the raising of the funds by which the Red Cross is maintained, when he would be liable if he interfered with the same organization in its field of activity? Without funds the organization can not successfully carry on its work. In fact, one of the chief purposes of the organiza- tion is to convey from the citizen at home to the citizen in arms that which means to the latter greater comfort and greater effi- ciency. This is possible only by the judi- cious use of the moneys donated by the Sup- porters of this war. To cripple the force collecting the funds by the spreading of false reports interferes with ‘the operation or success’ of the work and is actionable.” Nagler was convicted by a jury drawn entirely from rural communities, the mem- bers of which were either farmers or general merchants. Great care was exercised by the defense in examining jurors. Many of the questions propounded by the attorneys indicated an interesting point of view. Among the most important questions were, first: whether, in the juror’s opinion, a man could criticize the government of the United States and still be a loyal and patriotic citizen, and, second: whether a man could criticize the Red Cross or Y. M. C. A. and still be a loyal and patriotic citizen. Almost the majority of the prospective jurors answered both of these questions in the negative. MANY WITNESSEs APPEARED. Both the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. had several representatives at the trial. The Red Cross was represented by L. J. Hunter, deputy comptroller, by the chairman of the Milwaukee chapter, the chairman of the Madison chapter and the assistant treas- urer of the Milwaukee chapter. By agree- mnt between counsel, however, only one wit- ness for each society was put on the stand. Mr. Hunter was the Red Cross witness. A telegram received August 7, from United States District Attorney Wolfe, who conducted the prosecution, stated that Nag- ler had not as yet had sentence pronounced upon him by the court. Refugees, leaving Paris, are provided with a packed lunch to sustain them on their journey. * The Edward L. Trudeau Sanatorium, sit- uated six miles from Paris, occupies a beau- tiful chateau and a park loaned to the American Red Cross by the department of the Seine, * r -- - - Why It Is Insisted That the Red Cross Chapter Label Be Used Many letters are reaching the office of the general manager of the Red Cross, asking why insistence is being put on the use of the new American Red Cross Chap- ter label. In some cases protests have been made against the extra time and money this requires. The request to mark all garments pro- duced in Red Cross workrooms, it is ex- plained, came from the Commission to France. The American Red Cross has won a place in the affections of the French people, and its ministrations are deeply ap- preciated by them. As soon as the gar- ments are distributed they lose their iden- tity as gifts from the American Red Cross; and their significance disappears as a fac- tor in maintaining the morale of the peo. ple, by keeping constantly in their minds that this great power is standing behind them, caring for and protecting them while they carry on their struggle for victory, The Commission to France believes this reminder will be worth the trouble and money it will require, and will prove more than an equivalent for the financial expen- diture in the message of courage and as- sistance it will carry to the most obscure homes and refugees in France. National Red Cross headquarters de- cided on the present style of label, be- lieving it would serve two other purposes as well; that of meeting a very general desire of the field to have the name of the chapter on the garment, and also serve as a hanger for the garment. The hope is ex- pressed by the general manager's office that the field will feel that the reasons, as stated, fully warrant the use of the label, and will cheerfully cooperate in fulfilling the request of the Commission to France. Dental Equipment for Overseas Authority has been voted by the War Council to the Red Cross Department of Supplies to purchase twenty-five sets of standardized dental equipment, at a cost of $33,750. Ten of these sets are to be given to dentists now on requisition for France, five additional sets are to be held in reserve for immediate delivery, and the remaining ten sets are to be purchased from time to time to replenish the reserve. The French Medical Syndicate sent a let- ter of appreciation to the American Red Cross in France upon the occasion of “In- dependence Day,” July 4, 1918, . r HE RE D C Ross BULLET IN 3 - sº Contributions of Money to Assist Work in the Near East Countries American Red Cross Gift of $50,000 to Serbian Red Cross A gift of $50,000 to the Serbian Red Cross was voted by the War Council of the American Red Cross at one of its meet- ings last week. This gift from the American Red Cross, carrying with it the heartfelt sympathy of the whole American nation for a people who have suffered the worst of war's horrors, is regarded as one of the most important donations made to foreign organizations to date. Recently the American Red Cross, through the War Council, has made appro- priations for foodstuffs to meet Serbian needs, and for a tuberculosis hospital in Switzerland to care for afflicted Serbian officers. But the gift to the Serbian Red Cross is quite apart from the regular Amer- ican Red Cross relief work in Switzerland and Saloniki. The donation will go to swell generous contributions which already have gone to the Serbian Red Cross from the Serbs living in this country. These lat- ter contributions have represented the hard earned savings of the donors: and all who understand the cruel needs of the situation know also how much relief this money has brought. •º SERBIA’s WAR ANNIVERSARY. The gift will be used by the Serbian Red Cross for relief purposes in connection both with the army and the civilian population, It originally was intended to make the do- nation in commemoration of the fourth an- niversary of Serbia's entry into the war— July 28—but advices from Dr. Ryan, the American Red Cross commissioner to Ser- bia, regarding the exact needs of the situa- tion, were not received in time. The ap- propriation was made immediately follow- ing a cablegram containing Dr. Ryan's ap- proval. Sentimental reasons combine with Some vry practical ones to give full warrant for a substantial gift to assist suffering por- tions of the Slavic people, who are proving such an important factor in the world war for liberty. Despite the burdens that have fallen upon them, this people have been staunch in support of the allied cause at every stage; and right now the representa- tives of the race in enemy territory are breaking away from the yoke of their op- pressors, and are preparing to fight for the attainment of the ends for which the allied nations are fighting. The American Red Cross already has done much through its own organization in Serbia, to relieve distress and suffering among the people; and the gift to the Ser- bian Red Cross is not intended to cause any cessation of effort in giving direct aid in the future. The War Council desired to give expression in some substantial manner of its appreciation of the stamnia of the Serbian people, and decided upon the gift as a very effective way of doing so, supple- mentary to the Red Cross relief work car- ried on through the regular organization channels. Loans Help Promoted Soldiers 1Many privates in the ranks of the Ameri- can forces in France have been rewarded with commissions as the result of recent engagements. With the promotions have come furloughs and permissions to go to Paris to purchase uniforms—but no money. Harvey D. Gibson, American Red Cross Commissioner to France, solved the little financial problem, cabling Red Cross head- quarters as follows: “A large number of enlisted men now in France have been commissioned second lieutenants and sent to Paris to equip them- selves without being furnished funds for that purpose. The Red Cross is advancing not to exceed 500 francs to each of these new officers for that purpose. The service is much appreciated.” Butte Union Gives Monthly Help Desirous of giving continuous support to the war relief work of the American Red Cross, the members of the Butte, Montana, Union of the United Association of Plum- bers and Steam-fitters voluntarily assessed themselves, at the rate of $1.25 per month for fitters and $1.00 per month for helpers, for the period of the war. A check for $126.50, representing the contribution of the union for the months of May and June re- cently was forwarded to the Red Cross headquarters in Washington. g In a letter acknowledging the check, and in appreciation of the action taken by the Butte union, Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Red Cross War Council, said: “I am touched by this contribution, for the reason that it is not given out of a treasure heaped up and saved, but images rather your daily and unremitting loyalty to the nation, and to the men who are fighting its battles.” Additional Financial Aid Given to Armenian and Syrian Relief The Red Cross War Council has just made an appropriation of $900,0000 as an additional contribution to the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Re- lief, of which Cleveland H. Dodge of New York, is Treasurer. The money is to be contributed in three installments of $300,000 each, to cover the months of August, Sep- tember and October. - During the past year the American Red Cross has made contributions to the Ameri- can Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief totaling $3,000,000. This money has been, and is being used by the Committee, for relief work in Armenia, Syria, Persia, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and other countries in the near east. All of the con- tributions were made on the recommenda- tion of the Red Cross Committee on Co- operation. The last installment of the con- tributions above mentioned was paid in July. - - Recently the Armenian and Syrian Re- lief Committee applied to C. A. Coffin, Chairman of the Red Cross Committee on Cooperation, stating that the need of large Sums for relief work in the countries above named is still very great. It was stated that reports from Persia, the Causa- sus Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Syria, all indicated intense suffering, with people dying in the streets from starvation, and that diseases such as typhus and cholera were spreading rapidly. As a result of such conditions the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee has been confronted with overwhelming demands for money to be ex- pended during the next few months. Action by the War Council of the Red Cross was taken in conformity with the representations as here set forth. At the end of the three months for which provi- Sion has already been made, the financial situation of the Armenian and Syrian Com- mittee will be considered with a view to determining the question of extending fur- ther aid for this work. . The American Red Cross has installed a public bath-house at Chiaravalle, Italy. More than 250 tuberculosis hospitals out- side Paris have been assisted by the Ameri- can Red Cross in the way of hospital sup– plies, clothing and shoes for the patients, special food, etc. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN THE AMERICAN RED CRoss NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Wice-President John Skelton WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor StockTon AXSoN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman Harvey D. Gibson . . . . . . . . . . General Manager GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . Acting General Manager Red Cross War Council sy appoINTMENT of THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAVIson . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISs, J.R. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAET ELIoT WADswortg AUGUST 12, 1918. —a One Thousand Nurses a Week Surgeon General Gorgas's appeal to the Red Cross for at least one thousand nurses a week for service in the Army Nurse Corps, emphasizes a pressing situation. Casualities among the American troops on the Western front are increasing in pro- portion to the intensified fighting. Those inspiring, yet saddening rolls of honor are growing larger every day. The glory of the American arms, which hourly fires the souls of our people, must not lack the re- ward of proper care for those who fall in battle. the nurses of America to the appeals al- While the response on the part of ready made reflects the highest patriotism and a fine spirit of sacrifice, increasing numbers of nurses must be secured to meet the conditions that now are forced upon us. The time for more and greater sacrifices is at hand. Unless the enrollment of nurses continues there will not be enough to serve our wounded soldiers in France. Certainly nothing more than to state the necessity ought to be required to supply all the nurses that the government needs. The same patriotism that animates our fighting legions dwell in the hearts and souls of American womanhood. To understand the call should be to heed it. Every Red Cross chapter should resolve immediately to supply more than its quota for this grand service. A pull together will bring the results de- sired in short order. Red Cross and Iron Cross They are the two symbols that mark the elemental division of forces in the world war now raging—one, a cross that stands for humanity; the other, a cross that glori- fies brute force and puts a premium on fiendishness. Place in contrast the ideas and the ideals which lie behind the Red Cross and the Iron Cross and you have the story of the meaning of the struggle that convulses the earth. One is the absolute antithesis of the other. Everything that the Red Cross upholds the Iron Cross would destroy. In a world conquered by the wearers of the Iron Cross the Red Cross would become a ridiculous mockery. Just as the Red Cross, dedicated to deeds of mercy on the battle-field, has taken on its Vastly broader significance since the begin- ning of the present conflict, so the Iron Cross has assumed a significance more dia- bolic than ever before had been associated with decorations bestowed for prowess in war. The broadening significance of the two crosses has emphasized and made im- measurably wide the contrast between them. The attempt to measure the distance that now Separates them would have to be in the terms and units of astronomical calcula- tion. The Red Cross is neither the reward of merit nor a decoration for valor; but there is no higher courage than is to be found in those who wear it as an insignia in the present hour. It is not a thing to be won as an honor; instead it has become the badge of a duty which man owes to man- kind. The Iron Cross is—the Iron Cross; &Il apostrophized bauble of base metal promis- cuously bestowed, and designed to tickle the vanity of abject subjects, thereby giving greater individual incentive to the carry- ſng out of Prussian frightfulness. Edith Cavell, facing a German firing- squad in Belgium; Edward McKey, dying from wounds inflicted while ministering to soldiers on the Piave front; scores of nurses killed at their posts of merciful duty by the shells of German gunners and the bombs of German aviators, wore the brassard of the Red Cross. The commander who, from his skulking concealment in the depths of the sea, sent crashing into the vitals of the Lusitania the torpedo that carried hundreds of innocent women and babes to a horrible death, won the Iron Cross by his act. The Iron Cross has been found ornamenting the breasts of innumerable German airmen shot down in their attempts to bomb hospitals and refuges of non-combatant people. The war will end, and in the history of a world forever purged of military frightful- ness the Red Cross will have undying glory. The Iron Cross will be an execrated re- minder of a dreadful past, which no person will dare wear in the presence of his fellow- II].6°11. Red Cross to Show Historic Film “The historic Fourth of July in Paris,” a moving picture film which the American Red Cross recently brought to this country is to be released for general exhibition pur- poses this week. At its premiere in New York City last week it was greeted by the greatest enthusiasm. - The picture presents with great dra- matic force the principal scenes in the first international observance of the Fourth of July under the joint auspices of France and America. The picture shows American troops marching along the Champs Elysee, the presence of wounded American veterans from Chateau Thierry at the base of the Washington statue, and the unfurling of a bullet torn Ameri- can ſlag. It shows the arrival of Ameri- can wounded in Red Cross ambulances, while a group of Red Cross nurses is prominently pictured. A view of the newly named avenue de Wilson created prolonged applause. The picture is being shown under the auspices of the National Association of the Motion Picture Industry, and is be- ing distributed by the General Film Com- pany. Foreign Relations Appointees Randolph C. Shaw, of Washington, D. C., formerly assistant to the secretary of the Shipping Board, has been appointed secre- tary of the recently created Red Cross Bureau of Foreign Relations. Miss B. Fischel has been appointed chief clerk of the bureau. T H E R E HO C R O S S B U L L E T H N Š NoTE.—The seventh of Miss Delano’s series of articles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources will appear meat week. (Concluded from page 1.) have these one thousand nurses a week, and I am hopful that within a month the Red Cross will have the entire eight thousand listed and awaiting orders. “In connection with the enrollment of these nurses for the Army and Navy I am equally anxious that every graduate nurse be encouraged to enroll with the Red Cross for the special war service for which she may be needed in caring for our civilian population. Married idea is to impress those in the Red Cross foreign service with the ideals of the American Red Cross, to show the scope of the work that is undertaken, and to make them familiar with details of the organiza- tion. …” The first week’s instruction is to consist of a general course on American Red Cross organization, particularly in France; its ideals and purposes, military etiquette, re- lations with the Army, French customs, and relations with the French. Assignment of work will be made by the end of the first week, and the second week’s instruction will consist of special courses for each of the More Italian Medals Bestowed on Red Cross Ambulance Men A cablegram to the American Red Cross from Rome states that the following Ameri- can Red Cross Ambulance men have had the Italian War Cross of Merit bestowed on them for splendid work during the re- cent fighting on the Piave: Section Two—J. Campbell, S. M. Brun- son, W. Frothingham, G. Steward, S. Rich- mond, F. Cady, W. Lothrop, H. H. Reid. Section Four—C. B. Griffin, W. L. Wolds, Z. G. Simmons, A. Meyer, T. M. Fast, A. W. Green, Jr., F. W. Spicel, R. W. L in dis ey, L. K. –-ºr-º- nurses who can not leave their homes, those unable to do full time nursing, or who for reasons of FIGURES FOR SINGLE WEEK SHOW IMMENSE VOLUME OF FOREIGN RELIEF ERE is a page from the records of the Red Cross Department of Pourt, S. Russell. Section Five—H. Kahn, J. G. Greg- gie, Jr., S. S. May, H. Greenland. health can not un- Foreign Relief, which will afford an idea of the immensity of the The medals were dertake heavy cases, supply branch of the American Red Cross relief work abroad. The presented in the nevertheless aſ re figures are for a single week—that ending August 3—which is stated to be a p re S e n c e of the needed in our home normal week in the operations of the department. The week’s authorization Duke of Aosta, defense group. for purchases of materials for shipment to the Commissions of Italy, France Count Turino, and Many of the se 9 General Treat of the young women are assigned to commu- nity activity of great war impor- tance, and those who can give a few hours daily or week- ly of their skill can be assigned to val- uable relief service in hospitals, dispen- saries or public health nursing. “Up on intelli- gent young women I would particularly | urge that they ap- ply at once for ad- mission as student and Great Britain were as follows: ITALY. Seventy-nine tons of foodstuffs for use in hospitals for American forces in Genoa, Florence and Rome; 50,000 gallons gasoline; 1,000 barrels of mess pork; 1,000 barrels of mess beef. FRANCE. Three hundred and fifty thousand dollars worth of casings, auto tires, and tubes; 500 tons of jam monthly (three months’ supply authorized); 115 trucks; 100 heavy ambulances; 100 portable houses; 675,000 sweaters; 25 sets reserve dental equipment. GREAT BRITAIN. One hundred thousand corncob pipes; 100 tons of chocolate for canteen work; 200 cases of California oranges. Purchase and shipment of all these materials will be made promptly, with the exception of the item of sweaters, where the shipment will extend over a period of some months. A meric an Army. During the fighting in June American Red Cross ambu- lances rendered ex- cellent service, the Volunteers working constantly under fire, day and night. Sixty-one Red Cross ambulance men have been decorated for work done during this period. Of these Seven received Silver medals of valor, the highest award of the Italian Army, ex- cept one; four re- nurses in the Army School of Nursing, or to regular hospitals and training schools in their vicinities. These student nurses must maintain our nurse sup- ply, and while being trained help to relieve graduate nurses from routine duty as far as possible so that they can devote their especial skill to the care of seriously wounded and sick soldiers.” School for Foreign workers A cablegram from the American Red Cross Commissioner to France outlines a plan for a school to instruct newly arriving members of the Red Cross personnel. The respective groups on problems and work to which they have been assigned. Branches of the work in question include canteens, transportation, supplies, home service, field service, etc. French lessons will be given throughout both weeks by native teachers. Other plans regarding the school are to be worked out and reported on in the near future. During the six days and six nights of continous bombardment the women canteen workers stationed at Epernay, south of Rheims, stayed at their posts feeding and caring for the wounded soldiers. ceived the bronze medal, the next highest, and fifty were awarded war crosses. The American Red Cross has just con- cluded negotiations to take over the mag- nificent home of Isidora Duncan at Bellevue, according to the Paris edition of THE RED CRoss BULLETIN. It will shortly be con- verted into a 500-bed hospital for American gas patients. Every facility is to be ex- tended to doctors serving with the American Expeditionary Forces to study the treat- ment of gas cases. The residence of Isidora Duncan in pre-war days was famous for its receptions and brilliant gatherings. 6 THE RED C Ross BULLET IN -- Many Phases of Work That Engages Red Cross Home Service Folk Success Attends Series of Summer Home Service Institutes Summer sessions of Home Service In- stitutes are coming to a close in thirteen American cities. About 200 students were enrolled in these institutes. They have had lectures on all phases of constructive social service, family health, family economics and all the generally helpful activities of Home Service committees. Seven-eighths of the time of students, however, is spent in practical work under skilled supervision. All who finish their course satisfactorily and can show by actual demonstration in field work that they are equipped for the responsibility are given certificates by the Department of Civilian Relief. Almost all of them will find posi- tions as secretaries for Home Service Sec- tions. Cities now concluding such courses are Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Phila- delphia, Pittsburgh, Richmond, San Fran- cisco, Seattle and Portland. For the benefit of the people gathered at Chautauqua, New York, for summer lec- ture courses, a chapter course on Home Service is now being given by Miss J. C. Colcord, of New York. This chapter course followed Red Cross week at Chautauqua, during which addresses on Home Service in communities and camps were given by Miss Margaret Byington of National Head- quarters and Waldo Amos of the Atlantic Division. This course was similar to a number of series of lectures and discus- sions of Home Service that have been held in many places where the more elaborate programs of institutes could not be carried out. Many of these were in connection with summer school work at colleges, universi- ties and normal schools. - FALL INSTITUTE PLANs. Plans of the fall educational program of the Red Cross Home Service work include Home Service Institutes in all the thirteen divisions. The Potomac Division will give institute work in Baltimore and Richmond as well as in Washington. The Northwestern Di- vision will extend the work from Seattle and Portland, to Spokane and Tacoma. Some divisions have found special train- ing for Home Service more necessary than others because of the lack in their territory of established social agencies. In the Cen- tral Division the University of Wisconsin took the initiative in extending its educa- tional resources in order that all the people in the state who could be reached might be given a fundamental knowledge of social work. It was the plan of the university ex- tension department to give courses in all the kinds of social work that the war might increase the need for. When Home Service became a Red Cross responsibility the uni- versity put this organized instruction at the disposal of the Civilian Relief bureau of the Central division and a series of four weeks chapter courses given by trained workers under the auspices of the university was the result. The State University of Iowa has also carried on during the summer a state- wide series of chapter information courses. General Home Service News By field workers on horseback the organi- zation of Home Service is being pushed into some of the most remote and primitive parts of the United States. There is one Home Service section in a backwoods county where very few could be found to act as committee members that could read or write. The field worker organized the section in spite of this handicap and some of the committees were headed by men who had the Home Service idea of friendly service, although they could not read in- struction books. $ 3, § A Home Service worker writes to head- quarters from a distant part of the country, “Our Home Service Committees are having a wonderful opportunity to develop patriot- ism. . . In one town this is stimulated by meetings of women who have men in the service. At first they are tearful and un- happy, but the meetings soon proved to be a means of bringing together women who were formerly strangers and of encourag- ing them all wonderfully. Everywhere there seems to be a need for such gatherings.” $ $ $ Acting upon its stated function which it describes as the prevention of duplication of war activities, as well as the promotion of such efforts, the State Council of Defense in West Virginia has established the closest possible cooperation between legal committees working under its direction and the information service of the Home Service Sections. Barracks for refugee lodgings have been erected at Rouen. ~ * * * *-*.*.*.*.*.*. Tº ~:...sº tº -º-º-º. --. Tº –- ºr--- *, * 3:-º-º: A Letter Written by a Mother and a Letter From a Son A Polish-American woman living in Bal- timore has a son who is a prisoner in a German Prison Camp. He was one of the crew of the S. S. Esmeralda which was sunk by a German submarine. The mother has written to a Red Cross friend who had taken an interest in her, telling of the letters that she has received from her boy in Germany. “I have only received two letters from Edwin since I saw you,” she wrote, “but they were very nice letters, he told me how wonderful the American Red Cross were. He had fine warm clothes this winter and also very fine food parcels send to the American prisoners. Edwin told me not to worry that he is getting along alright but as you know a mother can not help from it. He says that he writes every two weeks but of course I don’t receive them. It is . nearly two months that I received any mail from him. I would be very thankful for any information that I could get in regards to him.” It is needless to say that every bit of in- formation and comfort any Red Cross workers are able to give this mother and other mothers living in the same anxiety will be freely given. * } { This is what one American soldier wrote to the Home Service Section in his home town: “I hope you won’t mind my taking the liberty to write to thank you and your or- ganization for the great help you have given my mother. My mother is full of praise for the visitor of the Home Service, for she said that you did not help her financially, but spiritually, so you see I have a great deal to thank you for, and I want you to feel that I appreciate what you have done for my mother and the children. I think, under the circumstances, my mother is fairly well fixed now that she receives the govern- ment allowance and my brother is working, but I would be greatly obliged if you stop in to see my mother once in a while. I know she worries, and I know you could help cheer her up. I would also consider it a great favor if you could sometimes let me know how she is. .” On July 4th the American Red Cross in Rome was presented with the symbol of the city—the silver she-wolf, mounted on an in- scribed pedestal of white marble. THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN Venice, the Beloved City, As It Appears in the Grim Shadow of War [By A RED CRoss WoRKER] VENICE, June 30–Venice, to so many travelers the most romantic of all the cities of the world, has today an added glamour of romance cast over it by the grim shadow of war and the tragic suffering of its people. Probably there is no other city in Europe so difficult to visit. It is easier, they say, to make a tour of the first line trenches than to pass through the sentried gate which bars the Queen of the Adriatic from any sightseer. It would seem to a poetic mind that fate was trying to shield her in her suffering from prying eyes. A more matter of fact statement of the case is that Venice, al- though practically at the front and in the war zone is not under the control of the Department of War but under the Depart- ment of Marine and Naval Affairs, and seems always to be guarded more jealously from the outsider than military affairs. Even when one has obtained formal per- mission of the Ministry of Marine in Rome, which is far from an easy matter, and has taken the long trip to the north, he is not sure that he will be permitted to enter. They say that a Lieutenant General only last week was turned back from the very threshold of the city because he could not produce a satisfactory military or naval reason for his visit. Every one who goes to Venice must stand the inspection of the authorities at the port. There must be a long wait while officers are telephoning to the naval base to see whether Rome has properly advised them of the name and identity of the visitor. If that formality has been overlooked or if the wires have been delayed, the gates of Venice remain closed. RoAR OF WAR IN AIR. All day long without cessation there is the sound of distant guns, the booming of big cannons that seem after all not very far away, constant reminders that the enemy is only a few miles off trying to break his way into this most beloved of cities. When night falls and darkness swallows up palaces, lagoon, canal, and bridge, here and there at long intervals ghostly green lights mark the way. In these times of air raids people are wont to speak of the dark- ness of London and the darkness of Paris; but London and Paris at night are well lighted places compared with Venice as it is now. People stumble against each other in the narrow streets and many who know every stone in the city have lost their way and fallen into the canals. Very few ven- ture abroad, but it is a mark of indiffer- ence to the abnormal which custom quickly breeds, that in one or two places in this city of night one may come suddenly upon a man reciting his lesson in a sepulchral voice. At first you think he is some watchman warning you of the peril ahead in strange words that mean nothing, then comes the surprising realization that he is recounting the attractions of a moving picture show, the entrance to which can be found only by following the sound of his voice. AmB RAIDS ARE FREQUENT. Within sixty hours, while the writer was in Venice, the city was subjected to no less than five aeroplane raids. They go on now, even more frequently, but Venice is fortu- nate in this: her canals protect her and many bombs fall harmlessly into the water which, if their lading place were a stone street, would wreck all the nearby build- ings. Elsewhere has been written a description of one feature of wartime life in Venice, which indeed is a part of almost very pic- ture to be drawn of present-day conditions in Italy. It is the picture of the activity of Americans working through the American Red Cross to relieve the suffering which follows in the train of battle. Any de- scription of Venice today would be incom- plete without the mention of the United States Consul, B. Harvey Carrol, Jr., who has remained at his post and who by his untiring devoted work among the people of Venice has become so dear to their affec- tions that they recognize him as a part of themselves. It is very natural, therefore, that when the American Red Cross came to Italy after the fall of Caporetto, and wished to under- take its work of mercy in threatened Venice, the American Commission should appeal to Mr. Carroll to act, at least temporarily, as its delegate. How well the United States Consul and Mrs. Carroll performed this voluntary task can be judged by the let- ters of gratitude they received from Ameri- can Red Cross headquarters in Rome. ACTIVITIES ARE MANY. Recently Mr. Carroll has felt that the always-extending work of the Red Cross has made it necessary for him to relinquish his position as its delegate for fear his offi- cial duties might possibly suffer, and Cap- tain Slaughter has been sent with Mrs. live on its myriad islands. Slaughter to take charge of the Red Cross work here. There are more than a score of separate Red Cross activities which were under Mr. Carroll’s direction that are now looked after by Captain Slaughter. A few statis- tics can give an idea of the extent of this work. During the week ending June 14 the American Red Cross fed in Venice 20,300 people; clothing and cloth were dis- tributed to 492 persons; three workrooms employing 335 women turned out during this period 1,506 garments; 250 children were taken care of at 24 asili; 175 babies received milk at the milk dispensaries, amounting to 2,500 litres of milk; and, in addition, there were distributed among the sick chil- dren 375 boxes of prepared infant food; during the same time 3,000 refugees were taken care of in canteens in Venice and in Mestre, which is under the direction of the Venetian delegate, as is also Chioggia where during the same period 127 families of sol- diers received free rations in the soup kitchen; 464 additional families were sup- plied with milk and meat; 92 expectant mothers received babies’ outfits; 44 children received shoes, thus enabling them to go to school; and 17 women were employed in the laboratory making in the week 320 garments. SPIRIT OF THE WORK. But even these figures are of secondary importance, for the thing of prime impor- tance, and which has a greater influence than anything else, has been the spirit in which the work has been done. Ask any resident of the threatened city today about the work of the American Red Cross and he will call down blessings upon the heads of the people of the United States. Few cities within the sound of the guns have suffered outwardly as little as Venice has suffered during this war; but it is also true that few cities have suffered more inwardly or have sustained a greater wound to the normal, happy life of the population. Venice is the beloved city of the world to many who have been merely visitors, and it is particularly dear to the people who No doubt exist3 in Italy, where the force to resist is strong and where hearts are courageous, that the enemy will be driven back and that the city by the Adriatic will be saved. When the final victory comes and Venice returns to her place in the world it must be forever a source of satisfaction to the people of the United States that they have had the privilege of being of some service here at a time when help was needed. T H E H E D C F O S S B U L L E T H N A Page of Interestin “The Baby Who Never Had Smiled” They called him the Baby Who Never Had Smiled. The lady doctor found him in one of the factory dispensaries to which her Red Cross automobile climbed twice a week, in a smoky manufacturing village near the American front in France, so near, that the fire from the guns flashed on the sky at night and on still days when the fighting was heavy the boom boom itself could be plainly heard. At noon the women from the factory brought in the babies for the lady doctor to see—and for some babies she gave medicine and for others advice and still others she took in her car back to the big barracks, once a military school, now marked with huge red crosses in the slate of their roofs to show strolling German aviators that they were a hospital. “But your baby does not look very well,” she said gently in correct American French to one woman who brought forward a year- old mite. “No, madame,” said the woman shyly. “He has never been well. First his eyes have been sore, then he has a rash—and I must be nearly always in the factory and can not take much care of him. He is al- ways sick—and he is not like my other chil- dren—madame, he never has smiled !” THEN THE CHANGE BEGAN. So the lady doctor took him to the hos- pital and had him bathed and put to sleep in a crib in one of the long white washed rooms of the barracks. He spent weeks there, growing a little less pale each day and looking wisely at the nurses who brought him his food and gave him his bath. His two dozen compatriots in the ward weren’t a very happy looking lot—most of them, too, had come from the little villages of the frontier where war bore heavily on the mother and children whom a poilu father had had to leave behind—but as their cheeks grew plumper and pinker they learned to gurgle with joy at the sight of an approaching milk-bottle and to catch the nurse’s finger gleefully. -- “Never you mind,” she would say, shaking that same finger at him, “we’ll make a real baby out of you yet in spite of yourself.” But he would only look at her like a wise little old man. - Other babies in the ward had names and when the night nurse came on she would say: . - “Has Georgette been good today and eaten g Reading from the Paris Red Cross Bulletin all her meals properly?” or “I think Guil- laume can go back to his mother next week, don’t you?” But though he had a card at the head of his bed with a name on it, no One ever used it. The other doctors would say, “How about that baby of yours that never has smiled?” “Has he laughed yet?” And the nurse would answer, “Not yet, but just you wait tii he gets eight ounces fat- ter and See if he doesn’t.” A MoTHER's HAPPINESS. Parents come to visit on Sunday, and almost every week his mother went through the complicated formalities of even a short journey in the war zone and came toiling up the hill to the hospital. She rejoiced in the added ounces, in the vigorous fashion in which he could kick, in approaching teeth and other technical details. She was a tired little woman in black, but her face would light up as she sat for hours beside his crib, prattling to him about his father in the army, his uncle who had fallen at Verdun (just over yonder, she would show the nurse pointing across the hills out the window) and about his older brothers and sister at home. But one day a glorified vision of the mother flew toward the nurse when she came to announce that visiting time was over—there were tears of happi- ness in her eyes—and she pointed inco- herently to the crib where the Baby Who Never Had Smiled was belying his name with a broad infantile chuckle that showed unexpected dimples in his plump cheeks and puckered his mouth invitingly. “See,” said the mother, “only see : You of the American Red Cross have made my baby smile!” The Ring Came Back He was an American soldier. He had been wounded in the recent heavy fighting on the Marne. After passing through a field hospital he was evacuated to the rear and at a base hospital was operated upon. The third finger of his left hand, upon which he wore a plain gold ring, was amputated. When he recovered conscious- ness, the ring was nowhere to be found. He addressed himself to the hospital staff but nobody there had seen it. Hearing that the Home Communication Service of the American Red Cross would help him, as it had helped many other American boys, he wrote a letter to Major Allen asking the American Red Cross to look for the missing ring. The Home Com- munication Service promptly got to work *-**** War Orphans Adopted by Soldiers The three hundredth French War Orphan has just been adopted by men of the Ameri- can Expeditionary Forces. Almost every branch of the United States Army in France has now taken a little French girl or boy and has contributed for its support for one year. Many of the little kiddies have been rendered homeless through the war, some have lost their fathers on the battlefields of France, others have been released from the hands of the Germans after long years of cruel captivity. Adopting French War Orphans has caused the greatest interest both in Uncle Sam's Army as well as Navy. The record number of adoptions from one unit is 54 children who were adopted in one week by an Ohio regiment. Two companies of the same regi- ment each adopted five kiddies which is the high water mark for a company. An aero squadron has taken five children and others have taken four. Two balloon sections came in during a recent week and adopted eight. French laws dealing with adoption are so rigid that actual adoption of war orphans by the A. E. F. is practically impossible. At the termination of the war this may change but it is apparent that France will need all her children, her boys in particular, and it is doubtful whether they will be per- mitted to go to the United States. The plan of providing for French War Orphans originated with the Stars and Stripes, the official newspaper of the A. E. F. The Stars and Stripes turns over the col- lected funds to the American Red Cross which chooses and takes charge of each or— phan. Girls are the most asked for, but when no choice is given the A. R. C. usually favors boys. Many requests are made for red-headed kiddies but the thorough search of the A. R. C. has proved something that we have noticed ourselves—there are no red- headed children in France, not real red any- how. and all the hospitals, evacuation stations, and camps through which the man had passed were notified of the loss. A few days later the Paris Bureau received a small package which bore no indication from whence it came and was accompanied by no letter of explanation. It contained the miss- ing ring. The Seminaire de Saint-Sulplice, Paris, lodges 2,500 refugees nightly. * . . . . . . . . . . # , ,. . .” 3:... 3"> * s f º: ... . º”. k. . . . . * tº sº # -- • ‘. . § 3 A UG ºf 1913 THE RED CROSS BULLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Vol. 1 i AUGUST 26, 1918 No. 35 ADOPT A.R.C. STANDARD French War Department Officially Pre- scribes Their Use In All French Hos- pitals — American Dressings Arrive Abroad in Splendid Condition and Now Will Supply Wounded of Both Nations. Pleasant news for the army of American women who so painstakingly have been manufacturing millions of surgical dress- ings, comes from Paris. A cablegram has been received from Harvey D. Gibson, Red Cross commissioner to France, advising that the French War Department has officially adopted for use in all French hospitals American Red Cross standard Surgical dressings. The text of the cable is as fol- lows: p “French War Department have just offi- cially adopted for use all French hospitals, American Red Cross surgical dressings. Un- less further advised by us, discontinue mak- ing French style dressings and ship only until supply in process manufacture and transit is exhausted.” In a second cable Mr. Gibson states fur- . ther that the decision to use American Red Cross standard dressings will improve the distribution service to French hospitals, be- cause previous to the adoption of our stan- dard dressings, there were only a compara- tively small number of French style dress- ings available for distribution. Under the present arrangement the entire output of American Red Cross chapters can be util- ized for both French and American hos- pitals. No MoRE FRENCH DRESSINGs. Acting under the instructions to discon- tinue making French style dressings, all dressings completed or now being manufac- tured or in transit, which are made on the special standard for French Hospitals, will be accepted by the American Red Cross and sent to France. Chapters, branches or auxiliaries will not be permitted to produce this type of dressing in future. One of the factors entering into this de- cision was the splendid condition in which Red Cross surgical dressings arrive in France. A communication from G, E. New- lin, aide to the commissioner to France, to national headquarters states: “The dress- ings that are produced in America have. always been, on their arrival in France, in splendid condition. This statement with re- gard to the condition of dressings arriving in Paris is given to you after the fullest in- vestigation, and with the idea that the widest possible publicity is to be given to it. The only dressings that have ever been received in France from America that have not been suitable for use in the exact condition in which they arrived, and have not been used in the condition in which they arrived, have been a very few that were spoiled by reason of the breaking open of the cases.” - The decision to make the American Red Cross dressings standard for French hos- pitals is further evidence of the splendid cooperation between the Allies and the American Red Cross. * Mrs. August Belmont to Serve as Assistant to the War Council Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, author- izes the following statement: “The War Council is delighted to be able to announce that Mrs. August Belmont, of New York, has been chosen as assistant to the War Council. Mrs. Belmont has pecu- liar qualifications for service in aiding the activities of the Red Cross. Last year she visited France and after her return to this country made a large number of effective speeches describing the work of the Red Cross organization in Europe. “In addition, her counsel and cooperation have been at our service since the beginning of the war. Mrs. Belmont has taken up her residence in Washington and will serve for the period of the war without pay. This is but another of the very large number of cases of volunteers who have given up their great home responsibilities to devote them Selves to the work of the Red Cross.” Temporary Lake Division Manager Kieth Spalding, of Chicago, has been ap- pointed acting manager of the Lake Divi- sion of the Red Cross, to serve until the successor of James R. Garfield, who re- signed to take up special war work re- quested by the government, is chosen. George WHY ALL PURCHASES MUST BE CENTRALIZED Commissioner of Finished Products, War Industries Board, States Govern- ment Policy With Respect to Pro- duction and Manufacture of Materials Which Are Essential to Carrying On of War. - Believing that fuller knowledge of ex- isting arrangements under which raw ma- terials and finished products are controlled by the War Industries Board will do much to satisfy Red Cross chapters as to the cor- rectness of the policy of supplying all ma- terials through the National and Division Supply Service, the office of the general manager of the Red Cross is desirous of imparting such knowledge. - An address by one of the most important members of the War industries Board, Peak, commissioner of Finished Products, delivered at the recent conference of divisional directors of Supply and De- velopment, clearly set forth the attitude of the board which has the grave responsibility of trying to adjust the raw material situa- tion in conformity with the necessities of war. It is particularly timely in its appeal to Red Cross chapters, because of the late rulings and orders regarding the wool sit- uation. An abstract of the address follows: RED CROSS GovERNMENT ACTIVITy. “The Red Cross is recognized by the gov- ernment authorities as a governmental ac- tivity and is in constant cooperation and has close relation with nearly all the gov- 'ernment departments; - therefore, when the War Industries Board was created by ex- ecutive order of President Wilson, relations were immediately established by this board with the Red Cross in the same way as they established relations with the Army, Navy, Emergency Fleet Corporation, Railroad Administration and other governmental agencies. - “The functions of the War Industries Board, as defined in part in the President's letter to Mr. Baruch, March 4, 1918, are as follows: - The creation of new facilities and the disclosing, if necessary the opening up, of new additional sources of supply; 2 <- ? THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN The conversion of existing facilities, where necessary, to new uses; The studious conservation of resources and facilities by scientific, commercial, and industrial economies; Advice to the several purchasing agencies of the Government with re- gard to the prices to be paid; The determination, wherever neces- sary, of priorities of production and of delivery and of the proportions of any given agencies when the supply of that article is insufficient, either temporarily or permanently; The making of purchases for the Al- lies; To act for the joint and several bene- fit of all the supply departments of the Government; To guide and assist wherever the need for guidance or assistance may be re- vealed; for example, in the allocation of contracts, in obtaining access to ma- terials in any way preempted, or in the disclosure of sources of supply; To determine what is to be done when there is any competitive or other con- flict of interest between Departments in the matter of supplies; for example, when there is not a sufficient immediate supply for all and there must be a de- cision as to priority of need or deliv- ery, or when there is competition for the same sources of manufacture or supply, or when contracts have not been placed in such a way as to get advan: tage of the full productive capacity of the country. To anticipate the prospective needs of the several supply departments of the Government and their feasible ad- justment to the industry of the country as far in advance as possible, in order that as definite an outlook and oppor- tunity for planning as possible may be afforded the business men of the country. PLAN FOR THE BUSINESS MEN. “The War Industries Board, generally speaking, accepts the requirements as pre- sented, although they are carefully scru- tinized. “There has been created by the board a division called the Requirements Division which meets every morning at 9 o'clock. On this division the various government agencies are represented, including the Red Cross. The basic purpose of these meetings is to have disclosed to the division the program for the future as it involves the production of material required by all agencies, in order that the business men of the country may be able to plan ahead to meet the demands which will be made upon them. “When the general program has developed to a definite point and the schedule of orders is ready to be placed they are brought be- fore the Clearance Committee of the War Industries Board, in order that each gov- ernment bureau may have a picture of what the other is contemplating, in the way of purchases for the immediate future, and thus avoid conflict and competition one with another. “In order to carry out the work of the Board, Commodity Sections have been cre- ated. At the head of each section has been placed a man who is a specialist in that par- ticular line, so that he may guide and assist the governmental departments in securing the particular commodity, and determine when necessary how new facilities can be created to take care of the demands. “In each commodity section sit represen- tatives from the Red Cross, Navy, Army and the various other purchasing agencies of the government. FUNCTIONS or PRICE Committee “There is also a price committee, the prin- cipal functions of which are to deal with the basic raw materials, in such a way as to stimulate the production and prevent profiteering; secondly, they act as price judges when required and see that the de- partments get fair and reasonable prices upon purchases. “The two commodities that interest the Red Cross in the largest measure are wool and cotton. In regard to wool there is a serious shortage. The War Industries Board is handling the new clip entirely, thus eli- minating altogether the element of profiteer- ing. The demands of the Army are so great that there is going to be practically no wool left for the civilian. “In cotton products there is a very un- usual situation. The demands are tremen- dous, and while there will be a generous crop this fall there is a decided limit to pro- duction of cotton fabrics, mills are running to capacity, and there is no time to increase this capacity. There is, therefore, as serious a situation in regard to cotton fabrication as there is in wool, although no shortage of raw material exists. “These are two striking examples of what is happening in a number of lines, and are particularly mentioned in order to bring home to the chapters of the Red Cross the necessity for buying everything through the central organization, where all requirements will be taken up and considered in the regu- lar way with the government. The available raw material will be allocated and the Red Cross will get its fair proportion, although it may not get all its wants at the time it wants it. OPEN-MARKETING DISASTRous. “The effect of the chapters’ going out into the market independently is very disastrous. “The Government Expects Your Loyal Cooperation In This Policy” There is immediately created a shortage for civilian trade, as happened in the case of wool. The dealers may take advantage of the situation and so advance the price to the civilian trade and in consequence make conditions almost intolerable. “It can not be too emphatically impressed on the chapters of the Red Cross that the government expects your loyal cooperation in carrying out this policy, and that the strict adherence to this policy of central purchasing will result in the end to the greatest advantage, both to the Red Cross and to the American people as a whole. We know that if this statement, which has been the basis of our recent requests to chapters, is placed in the hands of the members of the Red Cross, as loyal Americans having in mind the greatest good to the greatest number, there will not be a single question as to their absolute adherence to our re- quest.” General Pershing Visits Red Cross Hospitals in Paris General Pershing visited American Red Cross Hospitals No. 1, 2, 3 and 5 in Paris recently. In each ward he talked to the men, asked if they were well cared for, and inquired where and how they were wounded, and to what regiments they belonged. He expressed his sympathy to scores of patients. He also talked to many of the physicians and nurses, and thanked them for the hard work they had been doing in caring for the wounded. - The general told the men that they had fought splendidly, that their country was proud of them, and that he was more than proud to command such men. No one, he said, could ask more of any fighting force than that they should do as well as those who had been in action during that trying week. General Pershing said that he wished he could visit every man in the hospitals, but as this was impossible he authorized Major James H. Perkins, commissioner of the Red Cross, who accompanied him, to convey his sympathy, and to repeat the message that he could not himself convey to every man— “The American people are proud of you.” The general greeted several men who had fought under him in the Philippines and in Mexico. The American Red Cross distributed 30,000 magazines and 600,000 newspapers to the 150 units of the American army and to the hospitals in France during the month of June. * T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN - 3 Hundreds of Women Drivers Want- ed for Overseas Motor Service Within Nexi Six Months Three hundred women motor drivers for. service in France are wanted by the Ameri- can Red Cross within the next six months. The recruiting of these drivers will begin immediately. It is expected the first con- tingent will sail about October 1 for motor messenger service, ambulance service and, to a limited extent, for camion Service. Candidates for this service will be selected from the American Red Cross Motor Corps in all cities where such motor corps now exist. Volunteers for this work are sought, and the candidate must meet the require- ments for this overseas duty as set forth by the War Department—25 years of age, Royalty and health. The American Red Cross will pay the transportation, and, if necessary, the volunteers will be given an allowance of 450 francs a month for ex- penses when out of Paris, where they will be employed principally, and 600 francs a month for expenses when in Paris. Special qualifications for this service are a certificate of the First Division Red Cross Motor Corps Ambulance and Truck Driver, or successful passing of examination in mechanics and first aid as specified for American Red Cross First Division Motor Ambulance and Truck Drivers. Women de- siring to volunteer for this service are re- quested to make application at once to their local captain of the American Red Cross Chapter Motor Corps, where such corps exist, or to the director of Motor Corps of their division. About fifty women will be sent over to France every month for Six months. Additional calls for women drivers probably will follow. Special Preparations for Relief in Case of Marine Disaster Preparedness against any marine disaster that may occur in American waters as the result of enemy submarines, or any mis- fortune due to other causes, has been com- pleted by the New York Joint Chapter Com- mittee on Disaster Preparedness, which has arranged to mobilize Red Cross resources to meet any event. At the time of the Caro- lina sinking, when a ship load of refugees was landed in Brooklyn, this committee Was already organized to meet the situation, and the relief work in that case, by which every survivor was provided with warm food, clothing, transportation and lodging as needed, was managed under tentative plans. Since then there have been meetings of the committee which have confirmed these preparations, and a survey has been begun to put into the hands of the executives of the committee complete information as to resources of New York and nearby cities. In this work the metropolitan Red Cross chapters and those along the New Jersey coast have joined forces. Representing these combined forces on the committee are J. S. Ellsworth, chairman; Dr. William M. Harris, Van Cortlandt Chapter; Alexander M. Wil- son, director of civilian relief, Atlantic Di- vision; Lawson Purdy and Thomas J. Riley, representing institutional members, and Aaron M. Lopez, executive Secretary. The work of organization has extended down the coast in order that small towns may be ready to do their share. In the case of the Carolina. Some survivors were landed as far away as Atlantic City, and to prevent small chapters along the coast line from being caught without preparation a representative of the Atlantic Division staff has visited these chapters and has helped to establish organizations which can work in cooperation with the coast guard stations. Activities of this organization will not be confined to marine disasters, but will extend to any sort of misfortune that may befall the seaboard near New York City. Tons of Surgical and Medical Sup- plies Speeded to the Front In one day during the July offensive the American Red Cross sent seven tons of Sur- gical dressings and five tons of diet foods to the principal evacuation hospitals of the American Army. The Red Cross medical offices, store-houses, pharmacies and all the services necessary to meet army medical emergencies operated day and night during the Offensive. - For example, on a certain Thursday th chief of the Medical Section arrived in Paris from the front at one o’clock a.m., with a list of emergency supplies. He started back at 3.15, having assembled a load of emergency medical supplies containing fifty gallons of alcohol, 2,000 doses of tetanus anti-toxin, many surgical instruments and several gross of surgical needles and operating material, Three Red Cross Men Wounded Three American Red Cross men were wounded by enemy shells in the Franco- American counter drive, late in July, one of them being slightly gassed at the same time. They are: Lieutenant J. L. Butterfield, of New York City, who was leading an ambu- lance section, W. A. Fox, of Buffalo, ambu- lance driver, and Captain George B. Karr, representative of the Home Communication and Home Service Department with the Division. All the men will recover. Division Medical Advisers Appointed to Supervise Examinations and Recruit Medical Personnel In conformity with an order issued re- cently by the office of the general manager, a medical adviser to the division manager has been appointed in each of the Red Cross divisions. The functions of the medical ad- viser are: - * (a) To supervise the physical examina– tion of the personnel who apply for service abroad. To recruit medical personnel at the request of the director of the Bu- reau of Medical Service at Wash- ington, upon cable or other re- quests from abroad. To advise the division manager and also the secretary of the Medical Advisory Committee at Washing- ton, when requested, with respect to sanitary and medical matters within his division. (b) The following physicians have been ap- pointed for their respective divisions: New England, Dr. Elisha Flagg, 755 Boyl- ston St., Boston. - - Atlantic, Dr. Joseph C. Roper, 44 East 23rd St., N. Y. Pennsylvania, Dr. John P. Chapman, 1601 Walnut St., Philadalphia. Potomac, Dr. Thomas S. Lee, 930 16th St., Washington, D. C. Southern, Dr. W. S. Goldsmith, 424. Healy Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Lake, Dr. R. L. Birge, 929 Garfield Bldg., Cleveland. Central, Dr. Charles Adams, 180 North Wabash Ave., Chicago. . Gulf, Dr. C. Jeff Miller, Post-Office Bldg., New Orleans. - Northern, Dr. H. W. Cook, 202 Essex Bldg., Minneapolis. - Southwestern, Dr. F. G. Pernaud, 1617 Railway Exchange Bldg., St. Louis. Mountain, Dr. Thompson Anderson, 14th and Welton Sts., Denver. It will be noted that no medical adviser Northwestern, Dr. C. W. Sharpless, White Bldg., Seattle. * * Pacific, Dr. G. H. Richardson, 942 Market St., San Francisco. has been selected for the Fourteenth Divi- sion, inasmuch as the locations of the va- rious communities under its direction are so widespread that special arrangements for medical service, as above outlined, are made with local physicians as needed. American Red Cross military hospitals are being established along the Italian front. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AM E. RICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. THE National Officers WoodRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John Skelton WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor • - - - - - - - - - - - - Secretary Stockton AXSON WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . General Manager e 9 - e s e e º e º v e e º e > * . Acting Red Cross War Council sy APPoinTMENT of THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITRP STATES HENRY P DAVISON Chairm a m GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN • e º e = * * * * * CoRNELIUs N. Bliss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAPT ELIOT WADSwſ:FTR AUGUST 26, 1918. Chapters and Supplies Nobody will dispute the proposition that System is one of the most essential factors in the conduct of war. It is more impor- tant in the conduct of this greatest of all wars than ever before. System and the human equation together will win liberty's struggle; preponderance of man-power, un- guided by System in its highest modern de- velopment, would be unavailing. system implies coordination of effort from top to bottom. It is “a bear” for discipline. Its mind is constantly on the effectiveness of the organization as a whole, and its eye is ever alert to see that the units are pull- ing harmoniously. When, the organization, that little word “why somewhere in 33 projects its familiar interrogatory, System answers by pronouncing its own name. It is the commander-in-chief of all the Com- manders-in-chief. Every agency concerned with the win- ning of the war is as vitally interested in maintaining the principles of System as is the fighting part of the military establish- ment. That is why the general government is laying down rules regarding the conser- vation of resources, the management of in- dustry and the life of the people themselves in a manner never dreamed of in connec- tion with any other war in the world’s his– tory. It is simply carrying out the modern idea of making efficiency effective. The wonder is that out of a world seemingly plunged into chaos such a grand scheme of systematic effectiveness Sprang into being. The American Red Cross, through its re- lief work among our allies as well as be- cause of its aid as an auxiliary of the Army and Navy, is recognized as a powerful war- winning element. Moreover, and by the same token, it is a marvel of efficiency by reason of the system in its organization and administration. And this brings the pres- ent train of thought right to the point for which it has been headed through the pre- ceding paragraphs. An item in the Red Cross system of eco- nomical efficiency enables it to purchase staple materials in conjunction with the government itself. To preserve intact this vital element in its system the Red Cross requests all chapters to procure their sup- plies through the national and division sup- ply service; that no chapter buy in the open market. Any deviation from this violates the understanding with the government and upsets the whole orderly arrangement for the general good. No fancied or actual lo- cal advantage of the moment justifies out- side buying. If a “wherefore” be desired in addition to this answer to the “why” of the matter, it will be found in the statement from one of the most important members of the War Industries Board, bearing on government regulation of production and manufacture, printed in this issue of THE BULLETIN. Sim- ple understanding of a situation is all that is necessary to guide the action of Ameri- cans in these days. British Use “Greatest Mother” Poster The “Greatest Mother in the World” pos- ter which made such an impression upon the American people during the last Red Cross War Fund Drive is to be used by the Brit- ish Red Cross Society, to obtain funds in England. Gordon Campbell, chairman of the Collections Committee of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John, in a recent letter states that he feels that this poster by Foringer will create a great deal of interest and admiration when it is plac- arded about London and the provinces. The thirty American Red Cross canteens along the Italian front supply 131,000 weekly rations. The American Red Cross has 18,000 Ital- ian children under its care. The Woolen Situation and Red Cross Plans Regarding Knitting A statement recently was authorized by the War Industries Board, to the effect that the Board “has served notice on spinners of hand-knitting yarns that because of the military needs of the government no more woolen or worsted hand-knitting yarns may be manufactured until further notice.” That the many millions of Red Cross knitters may know the plans of the Red Cross for future knitting, George E. Scott, acting manager of the American Red Cross has issued the following statement: “When the War Industries Board some time ago advised the Red Cross that future production of knitting yarn would be greatly reduced, we immediately commenced to pur- chase all yarns suitable for our knitting. As a result we have today, in stock or on order, 1,400,000 pounds of yarn for distribu- tion to our chapters. It is hoped that we may obtain some additional yarn from wool unsuitable for government uses. The ex- pected total, however, will be considerably below the 10,000,000 pounds used last year. “While the total of yarn we can secure is being determined, we are studying how to use our supply to produce only garments which are most essential. When a conclusion is reached we will announce our full pro- gram of knitting. - PRODUCTs on HAND. “In addition to this stock of yarn, the Red Cross has ready for distribution 1,600,- 000 sweaters, 134,000 mufflers, 384,000 wrist- lets, 228,000 helmets and 1,328,000 pairs of socks, a total of 3,674,000. We are hopeful, therefore, that these and such additional garments as we shall be able to make will enable us to meet the more urgent require- ments of our men during the coming winter. In this connection it will be of interest to the women who have been knitting to know that from September 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918, the Red Cross distributed 5,875,000 knitted garments to the Army and Navy of the United States. During the same period 870,000 knitted articles were sent to the Red Cross commissioners in France and Italy, for distribution to soldiers, sailors and civilians. “At the request of the War Industries Board, with which the Red Cross works in close cooperation, we have urged chapters and individual workers not to buy wool in the open market, but to secure their mate- rials through our Department of Supplies.” A concert on a trans-Atlantic steamship recently netted $2,000 for the American Red Cross. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 The English Speaking Nurse in Foreign Hospitals BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the eighth of Miss Delano's arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) 2 “Comment va-t-il, mon pauvre brave?” Said a French nurse to a wounded American, early in the war, and he smiled back appre- ciatively,–he knew that much French—but the Smile was wistful and the thought in his mind was “Gee, I wish she could speak good old American P" The incident is contained in a letter re- ceived recently at Red Cross headquarters, and presents a side of the nursing prob- lem that is more important than would seem to the casual Óðserver, that is, the need for English speaking American-trained nurses in foreign hospitals. It is the psychology of trained nursing. Members of the medical pro- fession, trained in treatment of what is now called war neurosis, realize the important ef- fect of this phase of nursing and are using, as far as possible, nurses who will produce it. They know that they are dealing, not alone with broken bodies, but with bruised souls. So important does the French Government consider it, that they are asking for large numbers of interpreters to assist their nurses in caring for American and English wounded. They realize that there must he someone to explain the nature of operations and break the shock that accompanies them. LINGUISTIC EMBARBASSMENT. The sound of the mother tongue in a strange land has always been considered the sweetest sound on earth. A letter from a Red Cross nurse in Roumania tells of being assigned to a ward containing a Hungarian, a German, a Bulgarian, a Prussian and a Turk. “The Turk has his leg in a Russian splint but he certainly did smile when I asked him for the first time if something was “Choke ginzel (Turkish for ‘very good?),” the letter reads, “and was equally delighted when I counted for him in his own language. But the conversation had to stop there, for that was the entire ex- tent of my Turkish vocabulary.” If the un- speakable Turk can smile with delight at the sound of his own language, what must it mean to our American boys to have some- one near who understands when he refers to “Dad” as a “good old scout,” New York as the “Big Town”; who knows that a “cop” is a policeman, a “hobo” a tramp; that “howdy” means “how do you do” and “look out” means “be careful.” Only an Ameri- can can understand the colloquialism and slang of America, and can know what a “four-bagger” is; what it means to be a fan. The English are just beginning to learn it. Medical men call it the striking of a nor- mal balance, the destroying of the abnormal condition produced by unusual complexity of emotion and the sudden acquisition of al- most a life-time of experience in a few months. Many of the letters received from boys at the front, with deep emotion, pay tribute to the tender care of the nurses of our al- lies, and then, describe, with delight, their first sight of American nurses in France. “They have brought with them,” wrote one soldier, “a sense of reality to replace the feeling that it is all a horrid nightmare.” They stand, indeed, for the faith of a na- tion in ultimate victory. They mean home Homesickness and the Nurse |HE American boys need T American Nurses. Only *I the kindred spirit aroused by a common language can bridge the three thousand odd miles between France and the Statue of Liberty. The American Red Cross Nurse means Home and Mother to the wounded soldier, lying on his army cot in a Base Hospital in France. He can talk to her. She can un- derstand his slang and him. Her training gives her the op- portunity; her woman’s tenderness and devotion the means of helping to keep up the morale of the Army and Navy, and bring America closer to the boys fighting and dy- ing in France. and what it stands for. They mean the country back of them, and take with them the kindred spirit that gives them the power to cheer up minds distressed and unbalanced by the desolation of ravaged villages, the hardships and unnatural strain of trench life, and visions of harrowing “fruits” of German “kultur.” “Men have to be a little mad to endure it,” said an officer in the British Medical Corps, recently, “and they don’t get over it at Once.” The American boys need American nurses. There are several thousand miles between France and the Statue of Liberty, and it grows, ad infinitum, to the wounded soldier, lying on an army cot in a base hospital “somewhere in France.” Home is far away, letters come slowly, faces are strange. Then comes the American Red Cross nurse, but first. a few weeks away from the United States, typifying the womanhood of America, and home. In a minute she can bridge the dis- tance with the news perhaps that the Red Sox (or the Cubs) won the world’s baseball championship. Forgotten is desolate waste called No-Man's-Land, gone the terrifying memory of the long hours spent in a shell hole waiting the arrival of stretcher bearers, gone the thought of horrors to come, “the Red Sox (or the Cubs) won, isn’t that cork- ing?” The English nurse would perhaps' have wondered why “corking” described it; the French nurse what “Red Sox” were, but the American nurse, although not a base- ball fan, perhaps, is an American girl and couldn’t escape some knowledge of it. So there's another reason for every trained nurse in the United States to enroll in the service of her country through the Red Cross. She alone can reach the hearts of American boys and satisfy the longing for home that aches quite as much as the wound; can understand the “why” of things that worry them. Her training makes it pos- sible for her to be there where she can re- spond to this need. CHALLENGE TO ALL NURSEs. Eight thousand are needed by October Twenty-five thousand should be on duty in military hospitals by January first, 1919. The call is a challenge to every woman, trained in the nursing profession, to answer the need for skilled service, and the equally important need to disperse the homesickness that chills and endangers our boys. We want to take care of our own boys as the English are caring for theirs, as the French are nursing theirs. It does not seem possible that the trained nurses of America will ignore this call to care for their own. There is no time for hesitation, the need is a present one. The mobilization of the entire country is the only way to win the war, said Presi- dent Wilson, and it is the present task of the Red Cross to mobilize the trained nurses of America. They must come forward and cooperate with the Red Cross. They must enroll, so that when our Executive calls, each one personally will be prepared to re- spond quickly and efficiently. The Red Cross has already enrolled more than one- third of the nursing resources of the coun- try, and hopes, within the next few months, to have on file, at headquarters, the names of every nurse in the United States. It can not be done, however, without the earnest support and immediate cooperation of every woman trained in that profession. The American Hospital for Consump- tives was opened at Dreux July 4th, T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN This Page Glimpses Figures That Tell of Red Cross Civil Relief Work in Italy Here is the latest list covering the activ- ity of the Department of Civil Affairs of the American Red Cross in 142 towns and villages of Italy. On July I this depart- ment had sixteen district organizations with a staff of 210 persons, and was conducting 217 activities, an increase of forty-three ac- tivities since June 1. Through these activ- ities it gave direct assistance to an average of 48,502 persons weekly. On July 1, there were thirty kitchens in operation, serving weekly rations to 130,- 728 people. Fifty-five workrooms of va- rious kinds were open, employing 3,094 persons. articles. Ninety-five asili or nurseries were caring for 13,400 children. Among the activities for the aid of chil- dren are the health centers, of which there are nineteen, where 840 children live. Then there are eighteen summer colonies, where sickly boys and girls are placed to win back health and strength in the mountains and by the sea. There are 4,020 children at the summer colonies; and it is to be noted that this group is constantly shifting, since at each of the homes a child is dismissed as soon as it has been sufficiently strengthened and benefitted, and another small sufferer takes its place. The Civil Affairs Department also con- ducts twelve adult health centers, where 526 people are cared for. Figures are useful to give a slight idea of the material extent of the work, but it is impossible to convey by figures an estimate of the number of persons aided indirectly. The material aid, however, is always small compared to the moral help given by these expressions of America’s unity with Italy. Seven Red Cross Hospitals Near Paris with Beds for Over 7,000 American Red Cross Military Hospital No. 7 has been established at Malabry, near Plessis-Robinson, six miles from Paris. This location is in a park which the Department of the Seine had purchased for develop- ment as a garden city, and has loaned to the American Red Cross for the duration of the war. - A sanitarium known as the “Château Hachette” is part of the establishment which, with some 150 portable houses, has been prepared as a tuberculosis colony. This plan has now been changed, and the equip- These produced in June 105,929. ment turned over to the army for use as a military hospital by the Red Cross. It was accepted by the army July 30, and be- gan operations with about 600 beds. With this addition, the Red Cross now has in and about Paris more than 7,000 hospital beds available for the care of American wounded. This makes the chain of Red Cross mili- tary hospitals as follows: No. 1, the former American Ambulance in Neuilly; No. 2, Dr. Joseph A. Blake's Hospital; No. 3, Mrs. Whitelaw Reid’s Hospital; No. 4, at Join- ville-le-Pont; No. 5, at Auteuil; No. 6, the hospital for skin diseases in Neuilly, and No. 7, the new hospital established yester- day at Malabry. Italian Garden Red Cross School A recent work of the American Red Cross instituted at Palermo, is a school in the garden of the villa kindly loaned by the Duke d’Orleans for this purpose. The school is in charge of an able Italian, one whose wounds received in the service of his country make him unfit for further military service. He is a specialist in agriculture and the work of the new school will be di- rected on these lines. Potatoes, corn and other vegetables, chickens and rabbits will be raised in sufficient quantities to aid ma- terially in feeding the children of the school, and other beneficiaries of the Red Cross in the neighborhood of Palermo. There are now 160 children at the villa. Clothing for Italian Children It is the intention of the Department of Civil Affairs, of the JAmerican Red Cross in Italy, that all the children in its care shall be comfortably clothed in garments made in the organization’s ouvroirs. The Florence workroom has recently made 500 aprons for the school now open at Fiesole—350 for girls and 150 for boys. In the same work- room there also have been made 300 dresses for girls, 300 boys’ suits, and 1,000 hats for the children in the summer camps in Sar- dinia. Local committees have been organ- ized in Sardinia, to work with material given by the American Red Cross, to help clothe the 1,200 children of these camps. In Naples, in the month of May, more than 1,000 children were completely outfitted from the workrooms at the Hotel Victoria. In June nearly 1,578 were clothed, many being school children who otherwise would have been unable to continue their school work. Two of the kitchens operating near Rome have their own gardens attached. Varied Red Cross Activities in Italy and France Mrs. Weeks’ Memorial Home Service in Paris is Absorbed The Home Service for American Soldiers, which was organized about a year ago by Mrs. Alice S. Weeks, in Paris, has been absorbed by the American Red Cross, in carrying out its plan of centralizing all American charity work, and will become a part of the Home Communication Serv- ice. The headquarters of Mrs. Weeks' or— ganization at 21 avenue des Champs-Elysées will be closed, and that part of the work which will be continued under the Home Communication Department of the Red Cross will be directed from 4 place de la Concorde. Mrs. Weeks inaugurated her service for the American soldiers in memory of her son, Kenneth Weeks, who volunteered his services for France in the Foreign Legion, and was killed in the early days of the war. She acted as a mother to the boys who be- came members of her organization, by giving them advice and seeing that they had what they needed in the way of little things from home and by keeping in touch with their families in America. The Red Cross will continue the work as nearly as possible on the lines conceived by Mrs. Weeks. “The Red Cross is doing everything pos- sible for our soldiers,” Mrs. Weeks is quoted as saying, in the Paris edition of the New York Herald, “so it is no more than right that we should all increase our strength by working as one force. As my health has broken down I will return to America to rest for the moment, and feel perfectly sure that the Red Cross will continue to look after the boys who were members of my “Home Service’ and will endeavor to please the mothers at home.” Seafaring Training for Naples Waifs The American Red Cross has recently presented the school ship Caracciola with a motor boat to enable it to extend its work with the homeless street waifs of Naples. These boys, familiar figures to tourists of the old days, are trained for merchant sailors or for fishermen. The boys who are destined, or who elect to be fishermen, are given illustrated lectures by special teachers and actual instruction by experienced prac- tical fishermen. The motor boat given by the American Red Cross has been added to the equipment of the school in order that the boys may be taught scientific deep water methods. T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN Various Foreign Matt ºs-ºs- American-French Cooperative Plans for Prisoner Relief *- To provide for conditions wrought by Germany’s constant shifting of American prisoners from one camp to another, with the result that parcels of food and cloth- ing may not reach them for weeks, the American Red Cross, according to advices from Berne, has completed cooperative ar- rangements with the French relief agencies to assist in the immediate care of all newly arriving Americans. Under this arrange- ment French committees at the German prison camps supply food and clothing from their reserve stocks, until the Germans see fit to let news of the arrival get to the Red Cross at Berne. - In the case of a transferred prisoner, the Germans frequently do not let his friends know his new address for two or three weeks, during which time, of course, he re- ceives no parcels from the outside. Captain Provot, in charge of French re- lief at Berne, has notified all French com- mittees in prisons in southern Germany to supply food and necessaries to all Ameri- cans, whether newly captured or trans- ferred, the moment they arrive at any camp where there is no American Red Cross com- mittee or American reserve stock of sup- plies. He has requested the other French prisoners’ depots, at Paris and Lyons, to send similar instructions to all prison com- mittees supplied by them. These French committees also report the arrivals of Amer- icans to the American Red Cross, which at once begins regular shipment of food and clothing. Any supplies furnished by the French to Americans, to maintain them until the ar- rival of their parcels from Berne, the Red Cross restores to the French depots. The American Red Cross is establishing Amer- ican committees with reserve stocks as rapidly as it can get in touch with groups at different prisons. Such committees al- ready are established at Tuchel, Branden- burg, Villingen and Darmstadt. - ----sº Red Cross Commissioner Gets Re. port on High Prices in Belgium War prices, high cost of living and the like in this country dwindle into insignifi- cance when compared with the food prices prevalent in stricken Belgium, according to the following article from the New York Herald, Paris edition: “Colonel Ernest P. Bicknell, Commis- ers of American Red Cross Action and Interest sioner for Belgium of the American Red Cross, has just received definite and authen- tic reports from Brussels showing that prices of ordinary necessities of life have in- creased there, in some instances, as much as twenty-six hundred and sixty per cent since the beginning of the war. “This interesting bit of information has come through to France in connection with the Belgian Commission relief work in that part of Belgium occupied by the Germans. “In occupied Belgium eggs now sell for Ifr. 30c. (25 cents) each, meat 35fr. per kilo ($3.15 a pound), sugar 16fr. per kilo ($1.25 a pound), and rice 25fr. per kilo ($2.25 a pound). Flour, sugar and rice are only ob- tainable, even at these prices, by secret methods. Coal has increased 61 per cent in price and is sold only for cash. THREAD SELIS BY YARD. “Cotton thread is now so scarce in oc- cupied Belgium that it is sold by the yard. Wooden shoes, with felt tops, are worn generally. The increase in prices of com- modities over July 1, 1914, by percentage, are as follows:— Per Cent Macaroni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660 Canned vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566 Pork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475 Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I,300 Peas and beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200 Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,090 Fresh meat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010 Shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 Tobacco ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 Preserves ..................... 755 Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674, Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Wooden shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 “These percentages are based on the prices prevailing on July 1, 1918. “In comparison with the above prices, miners' wages, for instance, have increased only 65 per cent since the war started. “In spite of these extraordinary increases in the cost of the plain necessities of life, work of the Commission for Belgium has never been halted. All plans are carried through the Belgium Government’s own agencies.” The American Red Cross is developing a “Colonie Scolaire” for refugee children at Crepey, France. A milk dispensary for sick babies is one of the interesting American Red Cross ac- tivities in Venice. *-*. Serbian Agricultural Unit Warm- ly Welcomed at Corfu -sº The Secretary of State has informed the American National Red Cross of the ar- rival of the Red Cross Serbian Agricultural Unit at Corfu, enroute to its destination, as reported by H. Percival Dodge, the American special agent and charge d'affaires at that place. This unit has had shipped to it at Saloniki agricultural implements and complete equipment for the cultivation of 22,000 acres of land near Monastir, consist- ing of tractors, plows, threshing machines, flour mills, saw mills, seeds, etc. The culti- vation of this land will afford occupation for many thousands of Serbians whose property has been destroyed, and also assist in sup- plying food for the surrounding population. The unit is composed of Major Francis Jager and Captains Caryl B. Storrs, S. R. Moffett, D. S. M. Jager and Coates P. Bull. PLANS CORDIALLY APPROVED. At Corfu the members of the unit met Mr. Yankovitch, the Serbian Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, and held sev- eral conferences with him and the principal officials of his ministry. At these confer- ences the whole plan of the work of the unit was carefully examined and, the Ameri- can special agent was informed, cordially approved by Mr. Yankovitch. During their Stay on the island the Americans were shown many attentions by the Serbian Gov- ernment. A dinner was given in their honor and there were other forms of entertainment. Several of the Serbian ministers requested the American special agent to express to his government their sincerest gratitude for the Red Cross mission and its ample Supply of implements, which they considered to be a further proof of their friendship of the United States for Serbia, and of inestimable value at the present moment, not only as an assistance to agricultural production but, as an encouragement to the Serbian people. Through the courtesy of the Italian mili- tary authorities at Corfu, permission was granted for the members of the unit to visit the Italian agronomic stations at Barbati, Corfu and Valona. At these stations the Americans were the guests of the Italian Government. The Asile Ste. Eugenie, a tuberculosis hospital for women, conducted under the American Red Cross, was originally given to the city of Lyon by the Empress Eugenie, wife of Napoleon III, * 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN RECREATION FOR NURSES Houses With Club Features Provided at All the Large Army and Navy Base Hospitals—Architecturally Similar to Convalescent Homes for Soldiers — Forty Houses Will Cost Approxi- mately $350,000. To give Army and Navy nurses a com- fortable place in which to spend their hours off duty, the American Red Cross has pro- vided for special nurse's recreation houses at all large base hospitals, to cost about $350,000. Contracts have been let for forty, several of which are completed and some more are under contract. The standard building, similar in architecture to the con- valescent houses for soldiers, though smaller, provides a large and comfortable lounging room attractively furnished and a dining room, kitchen and laundry. The large room will supplied with easy chairs and couches, tables, writing desks, piano or phonograph and special library. A com- plete equipment of dishes, linen, sewing ma- chines, and utensils will be installed in the service end of the house, so that the nurses may prepare special dishes, or serve meals for themselves and their friends, or make or launder garments when necessary. These houses were provided as soon as it was learned that the nurses had no attrac- tive rest rooms; and were obliged either to stay in their bed rooms or to sit in a nar- row corridor-like space set aside for them. In some of the camps the Red Cross not only has provided these houses, but has se- cured cottages nearby in the mountains or at the sea shore, where nurses, especially in need of rest, can go for a recuperative week end. The nurses keep house for them- selves. At hospitals inaccessible by trolley, the camp service people put Red Cross cars at the dispotal of nurses who wish to get away for an hour or two from scenes of sickness. These plans are carried out with the approval of the military authorities, who report that these recreational measures play an important part in keeping the nurses happy and efficient. be A second dispensary has recently been opened at Lyon, 2,000 consultations having been held in the first one since its establish- ment. In this city alone, during a period of a few weeks, the Red Cross has founded two hospitals, two dispensaries, two convalescent homes for repatriated and sick children and a refugee aid bureau, in addition to the ac- tive cooperation furnished the various Lyon institutions, Red Cross Information Desk at Washington Union Station is Boon to Boys in Uniform Artºtº 4899 at folks War time in Washington is typified by the crush and confusion of people in the great waiting rooms of the railway terminal where war workers and fighters coming and going gather by the thousand. Men in khaki and men in sailor’s blue are sprinkled through the crowd in little groups; but the biggest group is nearly always to be found around the Information Desk of the Wash- ington Chapter Home Service Section shown in the above cut. Above this desk over the heads of the young woman in charge are signs which nearly every soldier or sailor stops to read. They read, in substance. “Ask here, about—allotments, allowances, compensation, insurance, legal matters, fam- ily problems, rent, debts, sickness, the chil- dren, employment, communications.” The women who are keeping this booth in operation are volunteers. They take the time they can spare from other work—for most of them are helping the government in other ways as well—and undertake to answer every sort of question that can be asked. Most of the questions asked are those which have come to be expected by home service workers everywhere. Men on trains passing through Washington get to worry- ing about their families left behind, and when they see a chance to enlist the help of a home service committee while they are waiting to go on to camp or embarkation point they are glad to transfer the burden to the willing shoulders of the Red Cross workers. - Home service workers have found this booth extremely useful, also, in spreading the gospel of what Home Service is. A great many strangers come up to the desk during the course of the day to ask just what responsibilities the Red Cross has as- sumed in regard to soldiers’ and sailors’ families, and they are informed of the sys- tem by which the Red Cross is seeking to assure every dependent of a fighter that, through its organized effort, the American people will lend a hand in any difficulty that may arise as a result of the patriotic service of the man at the front. In a southeastern army camp Home Service work increased, during the month of June, twenty-five per cent as compared with the month before, although a whole division of troops was moved and a smaller contingent brought to replace it. . 5 ! ,-- 4- THE RED CROSS BULLETIN SEP In 1918 wASHINGTON, D. C. AMERICAN RED CROSS °wiv. of acº Vol. II SEPTEMBER 2, 1918 No. 36 THIRTY MONTHS FOR SiâNDERING RED CROSS Former Wisconsin Official, Convicted Under Espionage Act, Sentenced to Serve Term at Fort Leavenworth Prison—Judge, in Pronouncing Sen- tence, Indicates that Education and Political Position Aggravate Offense. Louis B. Nagler, former assistant Secre- tary of state for the State of Wisconsin, who recently was convicted under the es- pionage act in consequence of utterances attacking the war activities of the Ameri- can Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A., has been sentenced to a term of thirty months in the federal prison at Fort Leavenworth. Pending hearing on an appeal at the Octo- ber term of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, Nagler will be under bonds in the amount of $7,500. Nagler was tried in the federal court for the Western District of Wisconsin, at Eau Claire, before Judge Evan Evans, of Chi- cago, acting as judge for that district. The case attracted widespread attention, not only because of the political prominence of the defendant, but by reason of the slander alleged against the Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A. and the raising of the question of whether remarks attacking such organiza- tions came within the law regarding unpa- triotic utterances in general. VIEws of TRIAL JUDGE. Judge Evans held, in overruling a motion to quash the indictment, that section three of the Espionage Act applies to the Red Cross, and rendered a lengthy opinion set- ting forth the status of the Red Cross as an auxiliary of the military establishment. Nagler was found guilty by a jury com- posed of farmers and country merchants. In pronouncing sentence on Nagler at Madison, Judge Evans said: “Your sentence has given me a great deal There are many things that pull at the heart strings. You are educated. You have held an office of high trust. It would be improper for me not to impose a prison sentence on you when I have im- posed a prison sentence on many ignorant men for making disloyal remarks. The jury of trouble. has found you guilty and the evidence justi- fied the verdict. If men high in places of trust make remarks of this character and are not punished, it would not be fair. I, therefore, pass a sentence of thirty months in the federal penitentiary at Fort Leaven- Worth.” - - A large crowd was in the court room at Madison when Nagler was sentenced. A motion for a new trial was denied. The de- fendant's attorneys pleaded that the words on which he had been convicted were used in the heat of debate. This argument, how- ever, was met by the contention of the Gov- ernment that words used by men in high political position have an influence which can not be overlooked. Seeking Stocks of Knitting Yarn The War Industries Board authorizes the following: Manufacturers, wholesalers and large retailers, in response to a request, have reported to the War Industries Board stocks of hand-knitting yarns. Where quali- ties and quantities have warranted, the American Red Cross has asked owners of stocks to sell to them at a nominal profit. It is gratifying to announce that there has been prompt and hearty co-operation. There are, however, thousands of smaller merchants, not listed in trade organizations, who will esteem it a privilege to offer their stocks for consideration of the American Red Cross, and they are requested to report at once to the woolens section of the War Industries Board their stocks of hand- knitting yarns, both woolen and worsted, in oxford, khaki, natural and natural gray col- ors, stating counts, make, quality and cost price. Lots down to fifty pounds will be considered. - To Guide Soldiers’ Relatives For the convenience and comfort of rela- tives visiting sick or convalescent soldiers and sailors at the big base hospitals in this country, the American Red Cross will build small information houses near the hospitals at each big cantonment. Guides will be sup- plied to show visitors directly to the ward they seek. - The American Red Cross numbers 20,000 American Indians among its members. CARING FOR FAMILIES OF OUR FIGHTING MEN Home Service Work Reviewed and Its Future Scope Presented in First of a Series of Reports to be Issued by Red Cross War Council—Fifty Thousand Persons in Service; Over 300,000 Fam- ilies Relieved. - The War Council of the American Red Cross has planned to issue a series of re- ports to the American people concerning the use of the first Red Cross War Fund of $100,000,000 and the plans so far per- fected for future work. - The first section of these reports issued today covers the work of the Red Cross in caring for the families at home of Amer- ica's men in militant service. The report on this subject is as follows: - , - More than 300,000 families of American men in service have been relieved of money troubles, legal difficulties, family worries or of depressing loneliness by the Home Serv- ice of the Red Cross. This branch of Red Cross activity has 50,000 men and women serving on its 10,000 Home Service commit- tees. It has reached into remote commun- ities where there had never been organized social effort before. It has established the closest cooperation in the larger centers of population with the organized agencies of public welfare. It is spreading a doctrine of intelligence, substantial neighborliness on behalf of the fighters’ families and backing it with an expenditure of over $400,000 a month. - - - - IN HANDs of LoCAI, CoMMITTEES. These expenditures have been made out of money raised in the committees themselves and reserved from the amount contributed to the national Red Cross war fund. Thé direction of each town and county’s Home Service work is left to local committees. National headquarters is seeking only to guide and aid in organizing the neighborli- ness of each town for its own men in khaki. More than 1,000,000 people have been helped by these local committees since the war began. Money has been, certainly, the least valuable contribution of Home Serv- 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ice to the welfare of committees since men began to go into training camps, but it amounted to $1,500,000 for the first six months of the present year, and will prob- ably exceed $4,000,000 for the second half of the year. By January 1st, 1919, Red Cross will have spent in Home Service work a total of about $6,000,000 and will then be carrying a burden, probably, of nearly $1,000,000 a month. HELP OTHER THAN FINANCIAL. More important than money are the other kinds of help that are being freely given. Problems in soldiers’ and sailors’ families have arisen from sickness, worry, backward or unruly children, perplexities in house- hold management, business and legal tangles, mental depression and sometimes mere long- ing for the men gone away. These things keep the soldiers’ families from happiness sometimes when there is no actual pressing need for funds, and Home Service Com- mittees, by enlisting the aid of physicians, lawyers, business men, successful house- keepers and teachers, have successfully aided thousands of families to overcome such troubles. - Difficulties arise out of the failure of some dependants to receive their allowances or allotments under the War Risk Insurance. At least 60,000 inquiries concerning such payments were received by the Red Cross through Home Service committees during the month of July, and more than a third of these were taken clear through to head- quarters by the Information Service in the effort to get matters straightened out. FIELD Workers EveRYWHERE. Men in camps in this country or on the firing line in Europe are in touch practically all the time with Red Cross field workers who can, in response to an appeal get word to the Home Service committee in the fighters’ home town. The importance of this in keeping up the morale of men abroad has been spoken of again and again by officers in France. A worried soldier is not a good soldier, and the Red Cross is saving soldiers from unhappiness by taking care of their families and then seeing to it that the sol- diers are informed that things are right. Twenty or more inquiries after the wel- fare of soldiers’ families are sent over from the Army in France every day by cable and one hundred more come in the daily mail to National Headquarters. If conditions are such that a satisfactory answer can not be sent, the Red Cross Home Service com- mittee makes them as near right as possible and then sends its reassurance of further help and watchfulness. - The work of the Home Service Section as organized in France under the super- * vision of R. G. Hutchins, Jr., vice-president of the Bank of Commerce of New York City. A letter from Mr. Hutchins, written in France, and just received contains the following: . “You can not realize the value of service that come through my hands in what is called “Home Service.’ A girl writes that her young man came over a year ago from Canada, leaving with her an engagement ring, and she has not heard from him. She does not know the name or number of his regiment. A man sends me all the corre- spondence regarding a mortgage that is to be foreclosed on his home in Louisville. A boy writes that he has had a letter from his sister saying his father in Oklahoma can not live three weeks, because of a cancer, and wants a cable sent to inquire. A boy says his wife or mother writes him that they are needy, because no money from his allow- ance and allotment has come to them since last October. *An officer in a hospital asked to have his trunk, which is lost, found. A boy is found in a hospital who will soon be able to return to the front, and it develops that a New York newspaper reported two weeks ago that he was dead.” URGE WRITING OF LETTERs. As a further contribution to the morals of the American armies, Home Service workers are carrying on a nation-wide cam- paign to encourage the writing of cheerful letters, in order that soldiers shall not be alarmed about their loved ones left behind. To supervise all work an executive staff of 250 has been created covering all division headquarters in the United States. In addi- tion, 2,000 young men and women are serv- ing as full-time secretaries—often as volun- teers—for local committees. Several thousand persons have attended training courses and lecture courses in or— der to fit themselves to do intelligent Home Service work and one thousand have been graduated from more complete courses en- titling them to certificates as qualified to be Secretaries of Home Service committees. Plans for the future contemplate the de- velopment of this program intensively. It is already possible to say that there is prac- tically not a soldier in the American Army nor the family of a soldier out of reach of a helpful and sympathetic Home Service worker. And as the Army grows to 5,000,- 000 men the plans, now fully organized, can be strengthened to bear the greater burden. The purpose of Home Service, sanctioned by the Army and Navy and by President Wilson, are to conserve human resources in fighters’ families, to relieve emergency, to supplement Government provision for de- pendents, to aid disabled soldiers, to supply information of any kind, to men in service or to their families, to help families keep pace with fighters who are getting a broader outlook on life, and to help maintain the morale of our Army and Navy by safe- guarding homes. Home Service has en- listed help from all creeds and races and is expending its aid to every person who will accept it regardless of rank, religion, or color. It is not charity, but only that neighborliness which is due every fighter from the people of the whole United States. Manual on Vocational Reed.cation Outlining the part which Red Cross Home Service is to play in the great work of establishing disabled fighters in useful oc- cupations, a manual on “Home Service and the Disabled Soldier and Sailor” by Curtis E. Lakeman, will be published by the Red Cross during the first week in September. Home Service sections will be an important element in reconstruction, because the Smith- Sears law under which the Federal Board for Vocational Education will supplement the work of the surgeons-general of the Army and Navy, in putting every wounded soldier back into a happy and normal posi- tion in society, depends for its success upon a general understanding of the problem by Soldiers’ and sailors’ families. -- Since Red Cross Home Service is in close relation to both the Government and the family of the man in the Army or Navy, it is in an advantageous position to aid the general program. Home Service workers will do this by encouraging men to take up the educational opportunities offered them by the Government and by explaining to families the benefits to be gained by per- Suading every man who can possibly find a place where he can live a life of normal usefulness that he should refuse to become a pauperized hero and regain his position as a self-supporting man. Home Service Sections will exert the influence of the Red Cross in bringing public opinion to support a man who makes that resolution, and will aid his family in any way that it may need help while he is getting his vocational edu- cation. The workshop at Padua furnishes employ- ment to 144 women. The tent hospital of the American Red Cross outside Paris has been increased to three hundred beds. Barracks to accommodate 100 mutiles have been erected on the farm near Chenon- ceaux chosen by the American Red Cross as an agricultural reeducational center. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 General Commanding First U. S. Division in France Praises Work of Red Cross That the services rendered by the Ameri- can Red Cross on the western front during the severe fighting of the last month has contributed to the success of our troops, is the opinion expressed in letters from Ameri- can officers now being received at the Paris headquarters of the organization. One such letter, from Major General Robert A. Bul- lard, commanding the First Division in France, is contained in a cable received by the War Council of the Red Cross. It follows: “Your prompt and liberal co-operation, abundance of supplies furnished both to hospitals and to men enroute to and from the field, and aid rendered by your ambul- ance and camion service in transporting wounded, were not only timely but abso- lutely necessary to meet the needs of our men. Indeed, it is difficult to understand what the result would have been without these services. & “The American people may well feel proud of the organization which they have built up and it is a matter of congratula- tions that contributions which they have made are used so appropriately. On behalf of the division I beg you and your assis- tants will accept my gratitude.” Nearly $2,000,000 for Hospital Ap- parel and Sheets for France The Red Cross commissioner for France has submitted an itemized list of the re- quirements of the commission to January 1, 1919, for military and hospital purposes. It has not as yet been determined just what proportion of the articles required it will be possible to obtain through chapter produc- tion, but it has been definitely decided that the following will have to be purchased: Three hundred thousand shirts; 500,000 sheets; 250,000 ward slippers, and 50,000 bath-room slippers (mules). The War Council has authorized the pur- chase of the articles named and has voted an appropriation of $1,999,200 to meet the cost. Money for Disaster Relief An appropriation of $25,000 has been made from the Red Cross contingent fund to be used for the relief of disasters during the period July 1 to December 31, 1918. At the beginning of the present year a large proportion of the money to provide for dis- aster emergencies remained unexpended, and the time of its availability was extended in consequence. The new appropriation is to replenish the unincumbered balance which had become small. Forty-three Chaplains in France (From Paris Red Cross Bulletin.) .' The Bureau of Chaplain's Service of the Department of Military Affairs, American Red Cross, has now a staff of forty-three chaplains in France. Twenty-five are at- tached to A. R. C. hospitals in Paris, and six are unattached for use in case of emer- gency calls. The American army has re- quested two chaplains to each division and a demand has been made to America that from eighty to a hundred chaplains be found and sent over in installments suffi- cient to meet the demands, as they arise. The Right Reverend John N. McCormick, D.D., is at the head of this work. He is assisted in Paris by the Reverend Father W. A. Hemmick and the Reverend Dr. Robert Davis. - Fords Cross ocean in Flocks The War Council has appropriated the sum of $811,139 for the purchase of 500 Ford touring cars, 1,000 chassis and an extra heavy supply of tires for the cars, for ship- ment to the Red Cross Commission for France. The appropriation includes the cost of equipping the cars and chassis with fire extinguishers. The above supplies were provided in response to a cablegram from the commission for France, advising that they were needed, in addition to all pre- vious orders, for delivery at the rate of 300 cars per month. - Oil and Gas for Serbian Relief The sum of $28,300 has been appropriated by the Red Cross War Council for the pur- chase of 90,000 gallons of kerosene and 35,000 gallons of gasoline, for shipment to Saloniki. These materials were requested in a cablegram from Dr. Ryan, Red Cross Commissioner for Serbia, and are to supply agricultural and other machinery for a period of six months. Towels and Sheets for England The War Council has voted an appropria- tion of $87,600 for the purchase of a three month's supply of hand and bath towels, to be shipped at the rate of 20,000 each monthly, and one shipment of 50,000 draw sheets, for the American Red Cross com- mission for Great Britain. How Enthusiastic Young Chinese Added Thousands to Rolls of War Relief Workers Chinese sympathy and friendship for the United States were shown in striking fash- ion during the last Red Cross drive for funds to carry on the organization's relief work in Europe. An account of the appeal made in China for aid for the Red Cross has been received from Julian Arnold, com- mercial attaché at Shanghai, saying that the Chinese of all classes “responded nobly.” “We secured a good, strong committee of younger Chinese, headed by C. T. Wong, former vice-president of the Chinese Sen- ate,” Mr. Arnold said. “Eight teams were organized under team captains who were American college graduates. These Chinese teams worked hard and 25,000 Chinese were added to the Red Cross membership from Shanghai and environs. “P. K. Che, secretary of the Chinese World's Students’ Confederation, carried off the honors for his team for the largest num- ber of members secured. Chu Chi Chien, former Minister of the Interior, piled up 2,000 members to his credit. Chang Chien, former Minister of Commerce and Agricul- ture, added a good number of members. CHINESE GIRLs HEAD TEAMs “There was also a Chinese woman’s team, headed by beautiful Chinese girl graduates from American colleges. The team secured over 2,000 memberships. Many Chinese schools in Shanghai joined as junior aux- iliaries. º - “A number of large Chinese companies joined with their entire staffs. The com- mercial press, with 2,000 employees, came in 100 per cent. One department store ar- ranged that all its employees receiving less than $15 a month should have 60 per cent of the membership fees paid by the firm, so that all the members of this large concern went about with Red Cross buttons during the drive. The Shanghai hotels also joined, with every waiter, bellboy and coolie wear- ing a Red Cross button with pride. “The captain of one of the Chinese teams expressed surprise at the general response of the poorer classes to the Red Cross ap- peal. It was no uncommon occurrence to have a coolie on the street answer a request to join with such remarks as: - “America has always been the friend of China. She gave back to China the Boxer indemnity and did other things to help us. Now I am glad to join the American Red Cross and help America.’” . 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AM ERICAN RE D C R O SS NATION AL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. THE National Officerſ WooDRow WILSON Robert W. DE FOREST John SKELTON WILLIAMS John W. DAVIS Stockton AXSON President Vice-President Treasurer Counselor Secretary • * e º s is a • * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON - General Manager GEORGE E. Scott . . . . . . . Acting General Manager - o 4 º' º, e. Red Cross War Council EY APPoſNTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES • * * * * * * * * * * * Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUs N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT HENRY P DAVISON GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN ELIOT WADSWORTH SEPTEMBER. 2, 1918. —” -----------—------~~ Home Service Home Service very appropriately is the subject of the first of a series of reports which the Red Cross War Council will make respecting the trusteeship of the American people's war relief funds. Nothing is more important than the preservation of Ameri- can home life. tals in connection with the war that We are waging. The national managers of the Red Cross activities are anxious that the coun- try thoroughly understand the importance, the magnitude, the results to date and the ultimate aims and purposes of the Home Service work that has been initiated. It will not thrill like the mention of those activities the battle wretched people of the war countries—un- Home Service sounds prosaic. In eal’ front and among the less it is understood. Then it is a complete inspiration. It has It has its workers in the thick of its romance and its pathos. - the turmoil “over there,” seeking comfort- ing or tension-relieving intelligence for the folk at home, just as, it has workers among the families of the fighting men, relieving care to the limit of human power and striv- ing to remove the anxiety and worries of the absent mainstay or guiding spirit of the hearthside. Those who get in actual touch with the work are more than inter- ested; they find it fascinating, because it means SO very, very much. As the months lengthen, the work of the Red Cross Home Service will grow in im- It is one of the fundamen- portance as well as volume. The fact should be plain, however, that the character of the work involves comparatively small financial outlay in proportion to the great number of workers engaged, and in com- parison with that required for relief of other kinds. The estimated expenditure of about $6,000,000 in the work during the cur- rent year in no wise tells the value of the service performed. Nor will the estimated expenditures of $1,000,000 a month for the following year do more than serve as an index to the development of the service to meet growing needs. Actual contact with the work, study of the subject, concentrated contemplation of the possibilities and an exercise of the faculties of imagination are essential to the real understanding of Home Service. - It is hoped that widely spread knowledge of the report concisely made by the Red Cross War Council will arouse that greater ir terest in Home Service which is desirable from every point of view. The Bulletin Family THE RED CRoss BULLETIN, which resides in Washington, D. C., where the national headquarters of the Red Cross are located, may be pardoned for speaking a word about three younger brothers now giving lustre to the family in Allied war capitals. Paris, London and Rome, respectively, now have bulletins, issued weekly, filled with news about and for the army of Red Cross workers which is spread over the countries of France, Great Britain and Italy. - American Red Cross The American Red Cross has come to be a world in itself. It is a world brim full of intensely interesting news—news that runs the gamut of human emotions, and that touches the heart strings of the multi- tudes in a manner the old earth never has known in all the past ages. In this country THE RED CRoss BULLETIN and the various division periodicals bearing the same or some other title are striving—feebly, it may be, because the task of telling the Red Cross story is so immense—to keep the Red Cross public apace with the activities every- where in the world where the fight for hu- One of the most apt illustrations of the greatness of the Red Cross work is to be found in the fact that distinctive Red Cross newspapers man freedom is in progress. are printed in every one of the major coun- tries identified with the war on the Allied side. - As the work of relief in connection with the war increases by leaps and bounds, the personnel in the Red Cross organization abroad grows apace. The organization now and the National Bureau of Personnel has planned contains thousands of workers, to recruit 5,000 more before January 1, 1919. The story of these workers and their work will be told in Red CRoss BULLETINs that are well on the way to girdle the earth. Col. Murphy to Direct R. C. Surgical and Medical Dept. in France Cable advices received by the War Coun- cil of the American Red Cross announce the release from army duty of Col. Frederick T. Murphy, to enable him to accept the direc- torship of the Medical and Surgical De- partment of the American Red Cross in France. Col. Murphy is regarded as the best possible man for the position, and his assignment to take charge of the enlarged medical administration of the American Red Cross in France is expected to assure even closer co-operation with the American Ex- peditionary Forces. In granting Col. Murphy’s release, Gen. Ireland said that the American Red Cross has never failed the Army and that he could not refuse the request of Murphy’s services, much as he regretted to lose him. Col. Murphy went to France a year ago in charge of the Washington College, St. Louis, unit, and established Base Hospital 21. Later he was sent to the British front, where he directed British Base Hospital 12. From there he was transferred to American general headquarters, where he has been engaged in general medical work. Director of Bureau of Records E. E. Risley, of the National Bank of Commerce, New York, has been appointed director of the Bureau of Records and In- voices in the Department of Supplies, to succeed Edwin S. Grant, who has resigned. Mr. Risley is giving his services to the Red Cross without compensation. The American Red Cross has founded 8, recuperation home for Belgian war nurses. T H E R E D C R O ss B U L L E T IN Recognition Being Given American Nurses BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the ninth of Miss Delano’s arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) “American nurses are covering their pro- fession with a glory that will live forever,” is the report that comes from France, with the entrance of American troops into the midst of martial activities abroad. “Decorated for Bravery” is the echo that reaches us, bringing with it a thrill of pride in the women who are so splendidly uphold- ing our national traditions abroad. For they have upheld our highest ideals, and are earning the honors that are being bestowed upon them. They have not sought the recognition that is coming to them, but have done their duty as they saw it with a serene courage almost divine. Not even the nervous strain of air raids, the danger of scattering shrapnel, the brain- confusing sounds of wounded and dying men in hispital wards, accompanied by the dull, insistent roar of the big guns, can daunt their American spirit. On, on, they go, taking no account of time, physical fatigue, or the horror of their surroundings; unconscious of the imperishable traditions they are building up, caring only that they have the privilege of being there. NURSES ARE FEARLESs. As one nurse, stationed in a Base Hospi- tal in the French sector, expressed it, “We are so glad to be here. To have missed this opportunity would be something to regret always.” Not a word of the hardship, the worry, the danger, only a clear note of cherished privilege. “Our nurses in France are frequently placed in more advanced positions than formerly—positions not with- out danger, but when volunteers are needed for these posts it is only a problem of choice,” said Dr. Finney, recently in Wash- ington for a conference concerning the nurs- ing situation; “every nurse wants to go.” He adds that they are utterly fearless. They serve in strange places, with utter lack of selfish thought, but the eyes of others are on them, and with almost humble appreciation, the world is offering its high- est honors to the trained nurses—croix de guerre, special military mention, decorations of royal orders, medals for bravery and de- votion to duty, and many other insignia of merit. - “The American nurse is the best trained nurse in the world, and is deserving of the highest honors we can bestow upon her,” said a famous French General, recently. And the American nurse receives her hon- ors with a modesty in keeping with the dignity of her profession, and “carries on.” A full list of names of nurses receiving hon- orary recognition will be published later. It is not given now because complete in- formation concerning them is not yet forth- coming through official channels, and we hesitate to descriminate against those nurses who have received honors of which we are as yet ignorant. Recognition of her services is coming from the four corners of the earth. Her Majesty, Queen Marie, of Roumania, has personally decorated ten Red Cross nurses with honor brevets. One of the nurses re- ‘‘DECORATED FOR BRAVERY” * R ECOGNITION of the º bravery and skill of the Red Cross Nurse is coming from the four corners of the earth. England, France, Roumania and many other countries are giving her the highest honors it is in their power to bestow. Echoes of her devotion to duty float across the sea, and added to those who are helping to win bring inspiration the war far from the line of battle. ceiving this Brevet wrote of the interest and appreciation which the Queen expressed on that occasion. “Her Majesty received us,” the letter reads, “on the day we left Jassy. She wept as she talked to us, and said that although broken-hearted at Roumania’s failure, she was still struggling. “You know,” she added, ‘you and I are Anglo-Saxons; we don’t give up p 93 - In England the Order of the Cross of Queen Mary “for devoted service” has been bestowed on four Red Cross nurses; one other nurse was individually decorated by the King, and the Royal Red Cross Medal of His Majesty, King George, has been pre- sented to four others, one being given for distinguished service at a Casualty Clearing Station “somewhere in France.” The extraordinary bravery of the two nurses recently recommended for the Brit- ish War Medal will go down into all history to glorify American womanhood. Wounded by the explosion of a bomb from an enemy airplane, badly shocked and suf- fering intensely, they stuck to their posts. One of the nurses was struck in the face by pieces of shrapnel, some of it cutting her eyelid; the eyesight of the other was de- stroyed by a fragment from the same bomb. All night long the one nurse, less wounded, stood by, assisting the doctors in the oper- ating rooms. The sweater she was wearing over her uniform, for warmth, was cut in many places. Her watch, a real American Ingersoll, was broken and cut completely from the strap on her wrist. General Pershing, in a personal letter to each, praised the exceptional conduct they displayed on that occasion. “Such bravery on the part of two of our compatriots,” he said, “calls forth our deepest admiration and is a source of inspiration to us all.” FIRST NURSE DECORATED. Another Red Cross nurse has the honor of being the first American nurse to be decorated by the President of France, and is the only one who has two such decora- tions. The day the American Hospital at Neuilly opened she left Paris and volun- teered her services. She worked twenty- two hours a day when the first casualties came in, and sometimes in forty-eight hours had not more than an hour's sleep. The French Government has enrolled many American Red Cross nurses in its honor book, called Le Livre d’Or, and has lately bestowed, by ministerial decision, the Epidemic Vermilion Medal (a special French medal) on an American nurse. Field Marshall Haig, the British Com- mander-in-Chief, has recommended twelve more American nurses, serving on the West- ern Front, as deserving of special mention. The list is growing; nurses are coming into their own; it is their supreme hour. They are being recognized and appreciated as never before. “Service of God includes service to man,” was Florence Nightingale's thought, and it would seem that the nurses of America in France have taken it as their own. The example of their courage, the honor they are bringing to their professsion, can not but be an inspiration to the other nurses of the country who are hestitating in this hour of national crisis. Thirty-two establishments, in the form of canteens, recreation centers, clubs, etc., are open for the Belgian soldiers, under the American Red Cross. 6 T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN Broadening Scope of Italian Tuberculosis Unit Organized and Wiii Sail in Few Weeks Announcement is made by the War Coun- cil of the American Red Cross of the per- sonnel of the medical unit which will sail for Italy within a few weeks to conduct a health campaign in that country with the stamping out of tuberculosis as its particular objec- tive. The movement has the fullest support of the Italian government, which intends to build permanently on the foundation laid by an educational campaign as complete and thorough as the Red Cross can make it. The sum of $1,100,000 has been appropriated to carry on the work for the last six months of the present year. - The Italian Tuberculosis Unit of the American Red Cross, as the organization will be known, will be under the supervision of Colonel Robert Perkins, Red Cross Com- missioner for Italy. It was on the sugges- tion of Mr. Perkins that the work was undertaken. Soon after his arrival in Italy he became convinced that the Red Cross should broaden the scope of its activities in that country beyond the lines confined to war work and help the Italian government in the fight against the spread of tubercu- losis. He communicated this conviction to the War Council with the result that in a little more than six weeks the medical unit has been equipped and is ready to embark on its humane mission. - Included in the personnel of the unit which numbers sixty persons, are many of the country’s best known tubercular special- ists, as well as physicians who have been very successful in the lines of work which they will be called upon to perform. The director of the unit is Dr. William Charles White, of Pittsburgh, recognized as one of the leaders in the fight against tuberculosis in the middle west. For ten months Dr. White has been director of the Red Cross tuberculosis unit in France. Dr. Robert H. Bishop, Jr., commissioner of Health of Cleveland, is assistant director of the ex- pedition. Other heads of departments are: OTHERs IN PERson NEL. Dr. John H. Lowman, professor of clini- cal medicine at Western Reserve University, Cleveland, chief of the medical division; Dr. Louis I. Dublin, of New York, statistician of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Com- pany, chief of the division of medical sta- tistics; Dr. Richard A. Bolt, of Cleveland, connected with the health department of that city, chief of child welfare division; Dr. E. A. Patterson, of Cleveland, chief of division of medical inspection of public schools; Dr. Robert G. Paterson, of Colum- bus, Ohio, head of the tuberculosis branch of the state health department, chief of the division of education and organization; Miss Mary S. Gardner, head of the bureau of public health nursing of the American Red Cross, chief of division of public health nursing. - The executive manager of the organization is Lewis D. Bement, of Framingham, Mass., and the executive secretary is Miss Bertha M. Laws, of Philadelphia. Thirty-five mem- bers of the unit will sail for Italy shortly and the others will follow within a month. There will be eighteen nurses in the organi- zation, the headquarters of which will be in Rome. Ten travelling auton obile dispensaries, three completely equipp. d for dental work and the others for general medical work, and fourteen motion picture machines will be taken along. It has been planned to have the publicity department # -tached to the unit start out several weeks in advance and awaken public interest in the movement. The motion pictures will follow with a dis- play of health propaganda prepared in story form and then will come the members of the unit to organize the health work in each town. Catholic Sisters from the South Going as Red Cross Nurses to Italy Carrying a gospel of mercy and good cheer, ten sisters of the Order of St. Vin- cent and St. Paul, better known as Sisters of Charity, are on their way to Italy, where, as Red Cross nurses, they will pursue the mission for which the order was founded, that of comforting and caring for the sick and wounded. The sisters, who are from Base Hospital 102, Birmingham, Alabama, are a part of a unit to be known as the Loyola Unit, which is financed by Mrs. John Dibert of New Orleans. It was at the suggestion of Dr. J. A. Danna, of New Orleans, who is to be in charge of the unit that Mrs. Dibert donated $100,000 to the Red Cross to be used in financing the entire expedition. Chrysostom is to be the chief nurse of the unit. , º When the unit arrives in Italy, it will be divided into groups of ten, each group to be in charge of one of the sisters as a chief nurse. - Speaking for the Sisters, Sister Chrysos- tom said: “We are all registered nurses and are anxious to go across and get to work.” Sister Relief Work in Italy Told in News of the Week Home Service in Italy Aids Soldiers’ Families Awaiting Allotments The Red Cross Commission for Italy, in connection with the Home Service Bureau at headquarters, has formulated a plan whereby the commission will advance money to the families, residing in Italy, of United States soldiers, in case of any delay in the arrival of allotment checks from the Gov- ernment. An appropriation of $19,500, the equivalent of 150,000 lire, has been voted by the Red Cross War Council for the devel- opment of the Home Service Bureau in Italy for the period ending December 31, 1918. - Information will be conveyed to Wash- ington by the bureau in Italy with regard to the relations and addresses of the benefi- ciaries under the soldiers’ allotments, and will advise patience until the checks arrive. The War Risk Bureau is sending 23,000 checks to Italy monthly. A special bureau of the Italian immigration service in Wash- ington is working in cordial co-operation with the War Risk Bureau. A recent cablegram from the Red Cross Commission in Italy states that the Home Service Bureau there is working in co- operation with the royal commissioner of immigration in the matter of advancing sums to soldiers' families. It is expected that all advances will be repaid. Asked if they were volunteers, she replied: “All Sisters of Charity are anxious to go, so it was necessary to select us. We will have charge of the operating rooms and hope to do our full duty in bringing our American boys back to health and happi- ness.” War nursing is not new to Sister Chry- sostom, as she was a Red Cross nurse dur- ing the Spanish War. having served at the Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Virginia, and at the Army Hospital, Fort Thomas, Ky. “It will be the happiest moment of our lives when we are ministering to the wounded and sick in Italy,” said Sister Chrysostom. The Sisterhood feels keenly the desire to be of the utmost service in caring for the soldiers of Italy and any of the other Allies of America. “War makes its demands upon the woman power of America as well as upon her man power, and all who can do so, no matter what the sacrifice, should serve the interest of America's part in the war.” T H E H E D C Ross B UL LET IN 7 - Holy Land Becoming More and More a Center of Red Cross Interest *******-*-* Letter Tells of Preparations for Red Cross Relief in Palestine *-**-***** A personal letter just received by the Chairman of the Red Cross War Council, from Dr. E. St. John Ward, of the Red Cross Commission for Palestine, gives an interesting account of the preparations which the members of the commission, then just arrived at their base, were making for their important work. After referring to details of the Fourth of July celebration in Palestine, an account of which was printed in a previous issue of the BULLETIN, Dr. Ward says: - * * * “We have received the last of our large shipment, excepting ten motor cars which we expect here in two or three days. We have also received a portion of the - ship- ment which came on the Steamship ...— from New York to Alexandria. This latter came through in an excellent condition in a very short time. It supple- ments what we brought with us via South Africa and Ceylon, and will prove a very great help. We have also received a cable stating that $50,000 is available for us, de- posited by the Armenian and Syrian Re- lief Committee for relief work, being their contribution for the month of June. When our work has developed more we will pos- sibly need larger contributions. REFUGEE RELIEF Is BEGUN. “This week we are beginning actively our work in various detailed assignments. One unit already has left for the refugee camp at Wadi-Sarrar and another unit will go in a few days to Ramleh and Ludd, and later in the week still another to Jaffa. Three of our doctors are holding clinics in and about Jerusalem, chiefly for the poor and refugees, and one of our nurses is matron in the Government Hospital here. “For social work we are planning to initi- ate a large women’s industrial service. This has already been begun on a small scale, but we have just secured a large building within the walls of Jerusalem and there we hope to have, before long, more than 300 women at work. There is great need for developing this type of industrial work. “In addition we have been assigned the Schneller Technical Institution, which con- sist of several trade shops and a group of very excellent buildings. These we expect to have operated in connection with orphan- ages, and we hope to develop through the making of shoes, carpentry, pottery and tiles, printing, etc. Negotiations have al- ready been begun for taking over two or- phanages, one in connection with the trade schools and the other to be financed by a special Christian Herald fund which Major Waters has secured. “Yesterday we had a conference of all the chief relief organizations, with a mem- ber of the military government presiding, in regard to establishing general stores or cooperative stores. While it is not yet sure just how these negotiations will develop, they auger well for cooperation between the various relief organizations here, including the Zionists. We hope that there may be a regular committee repre- senting the Zionists, the Red Cross and the Syrian and Palestine Relief Fund, as well as the military, conferring frequently to- gether to prevent overlapping of work. IMPORTANT HELPERs ARRIVE. “Colonel Finley and I purposed going to Port Said and Cairo and Alexandria next week to investigate the condition of the Armenian refugee camp, and to plan defi- nitely for participation in the industrial re- lief work there. We are particularly re- quested by the Refugee Administration of Egypt to take up this special phase of work at this camp. Doubtless, at the same time we shall see to formulating more definite plans for securing stores and supplies for the next six months. We may feel it best to cable for further shipment and probably will cable for certain reinforcements of per- sonnel of which we already feel the need. “We were delighted to have Major Solo- mon Lowenstein and Miss Goldman arrive just before July 4. We now feel that we have a complete commission here, able to undertake the responsibilities of the work before us. Major Lowenstein is very en- thusiastic about its possibilities and is ad- mirably fitted for the particular problems arising in the orphanage work and the in- dustrial work. His arrival seems most op- portune as we were just considering our attitude on these most important lines.” Colonel Finley, head of the commission, in a note supplementary to Dr. Ward’s letter reviewing matters, states that indus- trial work of many kinds which has been carried on in the orphanage above referred to, had been largely discontinued of late owing to lack of funds. “Fortunately,” says Colonel Finley, “we are provided with Some of the necessary supplies and have put in charge a man of our company, Cap- tain Nicol, amply qualified for the direc- torship, and hope in time to have a model orphanage and industrial school in opera- tion, Jewish Colonists, Liberated from the Turks, Give Red Cross Benefit A correspondent with the British army in Palestine has written a description of a benefit performance in aid of the Red Cross which was given by one of the Jewish colo- nies in that territory. The description, which gives some very interesting side-lights on the psychology of the colonists who are looking forward to the establishment of a Jewish state, was forwarded by the British military authorities to the Provisional Zion- ist Committee. - “Everybody in the neighborhood was go- ing,” writes the correspondent, “and as we rode over from our camp we passed the rumbling American carts that were carry- ing the gentry from the surrounding Jew- ish villages. About fifteen hundred peo- ple were assembled, one-half of them officers and soldiers from the regiments in camp around and the other half villagers, old and young, who had come with their families. The women and girls were in their best clothes, and very attractive they looked in their bright colors and their Oriental em- broideries. You Ng Wom EN Col.I.ECT FUND. “The entertainment began with a play, which was, of course, in Hebrew, and was acted by workmen of the colony. The drama was followed by music, a violin and piano Sonata. Music is the art in which the infant Jewish Palestine community al- ready excels, and will surely mark a great advance in the next generation. Then came a little speech-making by the chairman of the ‘vaad, or village council, who was one of the original settlers thirty-five years ago. He made an appeal for the Red Cross funds in Hebrew, and his words were translated into English sentence by sentence. Young ladies wearing a red shield of David on their arms made a collection and sold lot- tery tickets and sweets and cakes for the cause, just as the ladies would do in an En– glish village entertainment. * “It is a good life and a merry one in the village settlement of the Jewish pioneers. The young men and women know that they are remaking a homeland, and they rejoice with a light heart in the coming into their midst of the Power that stands for liberty and justice. They are freed at last from the cramping persecution that some of them have known in Russia, and from the men- ace of Turkish spies, which for three years has been the skeleton at every feast.” 8 t THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN EASTERN STATES IN LEAD Figures Showing Enrollment of Nurses to Date, and What Must Be Done in Campaign to Supply the 27,000 Which the Red Cross is Endeavoring to Recruit by the End of the Present Year. In actual number of nurses enrolled with the Red Cross since the United States en- tered the war, the states of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut led on August 1. These three states, constituting the At- lantic division of the Red Cross, have as- signed to war duty 2,600 nurses, or 45 per cent of their allotment of 5,708 nurses by January. To supply their full quota of 27,000 nurses, which the Red Cross is en- deavoring to recruit by the end of the pres- ent year, these three states in the next four and a half months must enroll 3,108 addi- tional graduates of recognized training Schools for nurses. The total number of war nurses assigned by the Red Cross to war service from the time the United States entered the War until August 1, was 13,347. The Red Cross is conducting intensive nurse recruiting campaigns throughout the United States to secure for Surgeon General Gorgas 8,000 additional nurses by the first of October, and the remainder of the 27,000 before the new year. CENTRAL DIVISION SECOND. Second in number of nurses supplied is the Central Division—Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and Nebraska—from which 2,311 graduate nurses have enrolled for as- signment to the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, the U. S. Public Health Service, or to Red Cross war nursing. This is 58 per cent of the quota of this division which must secure 1,629 nurses before the end of the year to meet its full allotment. The New England Division states are third in number with 1,360 nurses assigned, or 41 per cent of their allotment—1,958 nurses still must be secured in New Eng- land to complete the number expected. its quota of 1,036 nurses had furnished 87 r cent of its allotment. The Mountain Division—Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico—is second, hav- ing supplied 83 per cent of its quota, or 221 of the 264 nurses alloted to it. Five other divisions have supplied from 50 to 60 per cent of their quota, and four divisions have furnished between 40 to 50 per cent of the nurses which the Red Cross called upon them to enroll for war assign- ment. The Southern Division, composed of Ten- nessee, the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, on August 1st had supplied 382 out of 1,371 nurses called for by January 1st or 28 per cent of its allotment. The Gulf Division, consisting of Louis- iana, Mississippi and Alabama, had supplied 324 nurses out of a quota of 864, or 37 per cent of the entire allotment called for by January 18t. - Echoes of Fourth of July Abroad Bring Tributes to Red Cross Echoes are still reaching here from the memorable Fourth of July celebrations held in Allied Capitals this year. Among docu- ments just received is one containing a copy of a letter, apropos of the Indepen- dence Day fêtes, written by Adrien Mithou- ard, President of the Paris Town Council, in which a tribute is paid to the American Red Cross in the following terms: “Paris has felt in a thousand ways the exquisite tact and subtle ingenuity of America's friendship. Not only has our friends’ generosity been unbounded, but the way in which it has expressed itself has touched us to the heart. - “While, at the front, the splendid troops of the United States are fighting for our homes as if they were their own, and are gaining the admiration of our Poilus, who are good judges in matters of heroism, here the American Red Cross succours our wounded, helps the families of our dead soldiers, re-educates our cripples and our blind men. It devotes itself to our orphans and provides a trip to and a sojourn in the country for our little Paris children. In Pennsylvania and Delaware have secured fine, it never misses an opportunity to aid us. 60 per cent of their allotment, or 1,302 nurses. The Lake Division—Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky—has secured 43 per cent of its nurses—1205, and has yet 1,543 nurses to enroll. In percentage of quota of nurses secured by August 1st, the Pacific Division—Cali- fornia, Nevada and Arizona—leads the other twelve divisions. This division by en- rolling up to August 1st, 899 nurses out of “And this is why—to the tribute that France as a nation is paying to the great American Republic, to the noble and clear- sighted energy of its chief, to the loyalty of its citizens, to the gallantry of its armies, Paris wishes to add the discreet effusion of its own gratitude.” The American Red Cross now conducts fifty-nine tuberculosis bureaux in France. BRASSARDS FOR BEREAVED Substitute for Mourning Apparel to be Furnished Families of Men Whose Lives Have Been Lost in Country’s Service—Brassards Are to be Made by the Members of the Red Cross Chapters. The American Red Cross will provide the mourning brassards to be worn by the rela- tives of men who have given their lives to their country according to an announce- ment made by the War Council. These brassards, which are to be used in lieu of general mourning, were suggested and de- signed by the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense, the idea being heartily endorsed by President Wilson in a letter he sent to the Woman’s Committee. They will be furnished free to the parents or widow of men who have died in the ser– vice and at cost to other members of the family. The brassard, which is to be worn on the left sleeve, midway between elbow and shoulder, is a band of black broadcloth or other material three inches wide on the sur- face of which the regulation military star is embroidered in gold thread. The num- ber of stars on a brassard will denote the extent of the sacrifice made by each family. The brassards will be made and distri- buted by the Chapters of the Red Cross working in conjunction with local units of the Woman’s Committee of the Council of National Defense. An initial supply of materials for the manufacture of the mourn- ing emblems has been purchased by the Red Cross and will be forwarded to the fourteen divisions of the organization for distribu- tion through their Chapters. It is expected that the first of the bassards will be ready for distribution about the middle of Sep- tember. A brief statement accompanying the announcement says: “In adopting this insignia the Woman’s Committee desired that it should never be commercialized, but that it should always be possible for the members of the families of those who have made this supreme sacri- fice to prepare for themselves this badge Of honor.” The president of the Republic of Guate- mala, Central America, recently made a gift of $2,000 to the American Red Cross. American Red Cross nurses and Ameri– can soldiers were active in assisting and caring for the injured at the time of the railway accident near Vierzon, France. r] THE RED CROSS f ; *:RA-L's º cº * AMERICAN RED CROSS SEP I n 1913 WASHINGTON, D. C. Zºº. A $ - - ºwly zºº ºcwº - Vol. II v. of wº SEPTEMBER 9, 1918 No. 37. 3. - 3. 3. O G Q 3. % Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call of Whole American People 3. 3. 9 3. : Membership Lists Open December 16-23, Population the Limit : 3. - 3. 3. º CHRISTMAS ROIL-CALL of the whole American People for membership in : 3. the Red Cross will take place from December 16 to 23, inclusive, formal announce- 3. 3 || ment thereof being made through the following statement authorized by Henry P. 3. 3. % s Davison, Chairman of the War Council: - - - 3. 3. ‘Uºš “From December 16 to 23 the lists will be open for every American in every 3. 3 corner of the world, so that it may be known that the whole nation at home and abroad is reg- 3. 3 istered for the cause. The Red Cross wants again to give the world notice not only that 3 3. America can fight, but that to the last man, woman and child we stand four square for mercy, : 3 honor and good faith among the Nations. 3. 3. “At the close of the Christmas Membership campaign of 1917 there were 22,000,000 Amer- 3. © o 4× o 3. © © <> © icans enrolled in the Red Cross. There are also 8,000,000 members in the Junior Red Cross. 3. 3. ź - “This year, both as a Christmas observance and as a renewal of the nation-wide pledge of 3. 3 loyalty, the Red Cross will again put before every one the duty of standing by the flag; for the 3. 3. Red Cross, in this great fight for Peace represents the whole spirit of what we are fighting for. 3 3. “This will not be a call for money. It will be a summons to Americans everywhere to 3. 3. line up for the American ideal. We cannot all fight, but this one thing everybody can do. 3. 3. “The Red Cross membership fee is one dollar. Half of this remains with the local chapter, 3. 3 to be used for expenses and for relief of our soldiers and their families; the other half goes to 3. 3. the National Treasury. A. - - 3. ź “There will be no allotment of quotas to any community. The quota in every district will : # be the limit of its adult population. - - 3. 3. “When the roll-call comes, every American, old or young, will be called on to register 3. 3. and add the weight of his name to the Red Cross message. 3. 3. “Let us answer with one voice to the word of President Wilson, when he said: 3. : * I SUMMON YOU TO THE COMRADESHIP” ” 3. 3. - 3. *...*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*&^*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*. *...*.*.*.*. 26.2°. .e. 29.2°.2°, 23.29.9.2°, 23.2°.º.º.º. 23.9, 29, 2*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.* 33,333333333333333333333333333333333333,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,333.3% & 3&º 3333333 [E] C. T. Williams, of Baltimore, is the deputy commissioner and is in command of the mis- sion, ranking as major. His work as a member of the Red Cross Commission to Announcement now is possible of the per- Roumania in 1917-1918 is well remembered. The number of men and women now sonnel of the special Red Cross commission Dr. W. D. Kirkpatrick, of Bellingham, wanted for enrollment in the service of the which is to direct relief work from Arch- Washington, is attached to the mission in his American Red Cross abroad is in excess of Thousands of Men and Women Wanted for Red Cross Service —Instructions for Recruiting Personnel of the Red Cross Com- mission Which is to Direct New Activities in Russia angel, Russia. In choosing men and women medical capacity and ranks as major. Dr. 5,000, and this number is increasing weekly. for this service the American Red Cross has Kirkpatrick has done hospital service in En- Recruits to increase the personnel as above had the great fortune to secure persons gland and Austria, and has seen Red Cross indicated must be obtained by the end of whose experience and exceptional abilities service in Serbia. He, too, will be remem- the present calendar year. Special appeals are of the greatest value. (Concluded on page 6) - are being made by the national Bureau of 2 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Personnel, to the various Red Cross divi- sions, to put forth particular efforts in en- listing workers, so that the effectiveness of the organization in the war zones may not be impaired. Among the workers wanted to add to the foreign personnel are more than 1,500 men for the transportation service, mostly truck drivers. A school is to be established in Chicago for the enrollment and instruction of recruits in this service. Four hundred men are wanted at Once for field service at the American front in France. These field workers will be divided into fifty units of eight men each, and they will live at the postes de Secours or first aid stations, giving constant attention to the soldiers passing to and fro between the firing lines and the rear. Thirty-five men are wanted for Stenog- raphers, and sixty for office clerks. The women workers required include 250 for canteen service, more than 400 for hos- pital hut service, about 450 automobile drivers, seventy-nine for air-plane hut Serv- ice and seventy stenographers. INSTRUCTIONS FOR RECRUITING. Realizing the new difficulties in Red Cross recruiting arising from the extension of draft age limits, instructions have been pre- pared for the guidance of division bureaus of personnel and medical service. It being understood that men other than those clas- sified in Class One are not in any immediate prospect of being called for military serv- ice, a definite policy respecting applicants has been made possible. . As respects men whose military status has been established by the original draft law, applications may be received except in the case where the applicant has been clas- sified in Class One by the local board with which he is registered. As respects men whose military status was not established by the law existing prior to the enactment of the eighteen-to-forty-five draft age plan, any application may be received except in the case of a single man who is more than eighteen years old and has not attained his forty-sixth birthday. Except to the extent indicated it has been deemed inadvisable for the Red Cross to undertake to determine the military status of men who have not been classified. The determination of questions of dependency or of physical fitness for general military service of applicants for foreign service must be left entirely to local boards. The annual output of the American Red Cross sewing rooms in Rome exceeds 2,000,- 000 items of wearing apparel destined for the refugees and soldiers. War Teaches Valuable Lessons to American Indians—Much Inter- ested in Red Cross Work In a letter to Miss Mabel Boardman, Cato Sells, commissioner of Indian Affairs, tells of the great interest in Red Cross work manifested by the Indians on Government reservations. The commissioner states that shortly before the last war fund drive he received reports from about one-third of the Indian reservations, showing the vol- untary work that had been undertaken among the adult Indians, and the pupils of the Indian schools, in behalf of that great patriotic movement. This information showed an Indian Red Cross membership of 5,664. The receipts in money were $17,- 173.16. Hospital garments, knitted and mis- cellaneous supplies made and contributed, numbered 31,058 articles. Many of the re- ports indicated that every adult Indian on the reservation had subscribed to the fund. The boys of an Indian school in the north- west gathered 2,000 pounds of sphagnum moss for surgical absorbent pads. One of the larger schools reported a Students’ Friendship war fund, with $750 on hand, and twelve war saving societies. This school in four weeks bought 1,000 thrift stamps, and fourteen baby bonds. The following interesting information is quoted from Commissioner Sells’ letter: “Another school reports a Students’ Friendship War Fund of $1,000. On a small reservation far north, where the winters are long and severe and the Indian must strug- gle for the necessaries of life, more than one dollar per capita for every adult was paid in cash for the Red Cross and other war relief purposes. FURNISH Own RAw MATERIAL. “In the far Southwest where the parched desert gives scant returns and sheep raising is the chief means of support, many of the Indians have each promised a fleece of wool for the Red Cross and the superintendent plans the experiment of spinning this wool and knitting it into socks, sweaters, etc., by the Indian women. “In a Montana district where the Indians are nearly all full-bloods they voluntarily held meetings, and each one who has a grow- ing wheat crop promised to donate one sack of wheat for war relief work. While these Indians are not citizens nor subject to draft, they have voluntarily decided and so advised that all adult, able-bodied males of their number are ready to shoulder arms against the enemy. On another reserva- tion where the Indians are very poor and have little ready money, they donated an abundance of handsome bead work and other curios to be sold for the Red Cross. “My association for some years with the affairs and progress of the original Ameri- can impels this reference to the interest of the Indians in Red Cross work, although it can give little more than an intimation of their wide-spread and open-hearted response to the sacred appeal which more than any- thing else tells the difference between the civilization of a free people and the bar- baric cruelties of autocracy. This frightful war will have its compensative value to the Indian. He has even now learned that the great principles and ideals that are worthy of a trained warrior's daring are one with the driving impulse to do good and help others; that the cool bravery of his son in the trench and the gentle ministry of his daughter in a Red Cross hospital are the sublime coordination of human service to the highest end.” - War Correspondent Tells How Red Cross Saved Lives in Pinch Floyd Gibbons, war correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, who was wounded three times in the battle of Chateau Thierry, one of the injuries resulting in the loss of his left eye, pays this tribute to the American Red Cross in the lecture he is now deliver- ing to the American people: “If it were not for the efficiency of the Red Cross I doubt if I would be alive today. On being carried to a hospital that had been established in an old church some dis- tance behind the lines I heard the surgeons grouped about me carrying on an animated conversation. One of the doctors who had been examining my hurts requested that Some preparation be handed to him imme- diately. The others told him the supply of the article he desired had been exhausted. In a little while I realized they wanted the anti-tetanus serum which is used to head off infection caused by particles of earth entering the wounds. This danger of infec- tion is one of the greatest the surgeons over there have to combat. As they discussed my case an attendant entered the room and said the Red Cross man had arrived with another supply of the serum. It probably saved my life and the lives of about fifteen other patients who had just been brought in 35 Monthly Shipments of Green Coffee At the request of the commissioner for France the Red Cross War Council has appropriated the sum of $14,688 for the purchase of 120,000 pounds of green coffee for shipment to the commission in France. After November 1, green coffee is wanted. at the rate of 60,000 pounds monthly. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 3 Active School Year Throughout the Country is Pianned by Bureau of Junior Membership The Bureau of Red Cross Junior Member- ship has planned an interesting programme of School work for the coming school year. In order that Chapter School Committees, School officers and teachers may make defi- nite plans for the year, a program has been outlined by the National Bureau of Junior Membership, replete with interest. September and October activities will be devoted to getting the schools well organized. During September plans will be formulated for a Junior Red Cross bazaar in December. In October “Liberty Loan Letters,” dis- tributed by the Red Cross, will explain the purpose and organization of the loan. Letters to the men in the Service will be written during November. The men to whom the letters will be written will em- brace the men whose homes are in the school district. The first two weeks will be given over to taking a census that each class and school may make up its quota in order to avoid duplication. The third week will be given to gathering interesting information, cartoons, jokes, community news and so on, and the fourth week will be devoted to the writing and posting of the letters. WILL HELP IN Roli-CALL. December will be an active month given over largely to assisting in the Red Cross roll-call. There will be Junior Four-Min- ute-Men contests, held in cooperation with the Committee on Public Information, the subject of the speeches being “Why You Should Join the Red Cross.” The prepara- tion of the speeches will be a part of the regular English work. Preliminary and semi-final contests will be held and the final contest to decide upon the winners, whose names will be placed on the Four-Minute- Men roll of honor at Washington, will be held during the early part of the member- ship campaign and in the presence of the residents of the school community. The Junior bazaar will be held during Decem- ber, also. - A Health Campaign will be held during January, the Junior Red Cross cooperating with the Council of National Defense and several health organizations. “International Friendship” will be the February slogan of the Juniors. Pupils will compete in writing messages to the children of various European nations. The best ones will be printed in the foreign languages and distributed in the respective schools over- seas. - In cooperation with other organizations, the Junior Red Cross will focus its efforts on Community Sanitation during March. During April an effort will be made to put every vacant plot of ground under cultiva- tion. This will be done in cooperation with various established agricultural agencies. The result of the year's work in the school will be demonstrated through the medium of exhibits, pageants, parades and fiestas by way of celebrating the closing of the schools for the summer vacation. Unexpected situations which can not be foreseen may require modifications or addi- tions in the program during the year, but the main features, as outlined, will remain unchanged. Pitiable Condition of Czecho-Slovak Refugees; Red Cross to Rescue The Red Cross War Council announces that cabled advices received from Vladivos- tok report that more than 20,000 Czecho- Slovak refugees, 4,000 of them children, are now being cared for by the American Red Cross at Vladivostok. In addition to this relief work, the cables state that the Red Cross Medical Organization is attending hundreds of wounded Czecho-Slovak soldiers who have reached Vladivostok after weeks of the most desperate fighting against the pro-German forces. - - The work of administering to the wounded Czecho-Slovak fighters, who have steadily refused to recognize the Bolsheviki- German peace, and relieving the distress of the homeless civilians was started the mo– ment their plight was brought to the atten- tion of the Red Cross. The relief work was directed by Charles K. Moser, American consul and head of the Red Cross Chapter at Harbin. Red Cross Chapters at Tokyo and Shanghai gave valuable aid. While waiting for instructions from America, they went ahead and raised funds in Vladivostok which provided temporary relief for both goldiers and civilians. - Ön the authorization of the American Red Cross, Dr. R. B. Teusler, head of St. Luke's Hospital at Tokyo, hurried to Vladi- vostok with necessary hospital supplies and perfected a medical organization to care for the incoming wounded soldiers. This organization, said now to be com- plete from a medical and sanitary stand- point, consists of a base hospital with a bed capacity for 200, one rolling canteen, two sanitary trains, one field first-aid unit and a disinfecting train, will also be available for the American and Allied soldiers now in Vladivostok or on the way there. The American Red Cross in Nevers, France, has given assistance to 2,223 families within a period of four months. Çuick Relief by Red Cross for Peo- ple Made Homeless by Hurri- cane that Swept Louisiana Red Cross workers in the storm-wrecked region near Lake Charles, Louisiana, have reported to national headquarters that the immediate needs of the inhabitants have been met and the work of rebuilding the hun- dreds of houses destroyed by the wind in the hurricane of August 6th has begun. The hurricane, which blew for two hours in the afternoon at a rate of 125 miles an hour, destroyed 2,000 houses in the parishes of Cameron and Calcasieu, and scarcely a house in either parish escaped without some damage. Thirty people were killed and 150 more received severe injuries. Ten thou- sand people were left without adequate shelter. The property loss, exclusive of damage to timber lands, was at least $10,- 000,000. Twenty-four hours after the storm, Harry L. Hopkins, director of Civilian Relief for the Gulf Division, was on the scene with assistants and entire charge of the relief work was given to his organization of the leaders of the community, most of whom had suffered heavy personal losses. HUNDREDS OF TENTs. The first measure of relief was to buy tents in the nearest cities. Three hundred tents were put up within two days, saving a large number of homeless people from exposure to a heavy rainstorm. Army tents which the Red Cross had asked for began to arrive soon afterward, and nearly 1,000 of these are now in use. - The needs for food and clothing were not as great as might have been expected and the appropriations by the state legislature and local authorities were more than enough to meet every such demand. Sanitary con- ditions were guarded by the health Commis- sioner who served as a member of the Red Cross committee, and the water supply was kept from contamination. Four nurses sent by the Red Cross took care of the injured, supplementing the work of the Lake Charles hospital. - The expenditure for this entirely success- ful relief expedition will be less than the $6,000, which the Red Cross committee had at its disposal by appropriation from chap- ters and national headquarters. The Columbia University Club, 4 West 43rd Street, New York City, has extended the privileges of its club house to men workers eligible for commissions in the American Red Cross, while temporarily in New York City awaiting embarkation. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATION AL, H E A D QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Wood Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John Skelton WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . Treas wrer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON - . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSworTH Vice-Chairman HARVEY D. GIBSON General Manager GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . Acting General Manager * * * * * * . Red Cross War Council EY APPoſNTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P DAVIson Chairman GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT • * * * * * * * ELIOT WApsworth SEPTEMBER 9, 1918. The Christmas Roll Call The first Christmas following the entry of the United States into the world war was made memorable by the American Red Cross membership drive. The season which, through the centuries, has been most closely linked with the ideals of humanity, saw the enrollment of those many millions who to- day constitute not only a home army be- hind the American Army, but the army be- hind all the armies of the civilized earth that are fighting for the preservation of human freedom. A second war-Christmas anniversary is a probability—for frightfulness which is the awful modern reincarnation of the van- dalism that ushered in the medieval age still is rampant and must be stayed for all time. In the months since the last member- ship drive the Red Cross spirit has spread until it is as all-prevading as patriotism. The second war Christmas in America will afford opportunity for every person in the country, who for any reason has failed to enroll, to become an active member of the organization. Last time a mark of ten million was set. More than double that number responded. The idea is to give the national spirit national embodiment. This time there is no limit. It is known well enough that every loyal American feels the things for which the Red Cross is symbolic. The remaining im- portant thing to do is to put that feeling into action. The books will be open for that purpose the week before Christmas. The American Red Cross has gone with the American Army into the countries that are suffering the physical tortures of war, relieving distress and, with the American fighting forces, inspiring the allied peoples with unconquerable courage. “Twenty-two million Americans are members of this or— ganization,” was the last Christmas mes- Sage that went to the people of France, Italy and the other countries which are experiencing the horrors of autocracy’s mad ambition. Imagine the added inspiration carried by the news that approximately fifty million Americans had contributed to Think Of the still more glorious message that we can the second Red Cross war fund ! send at the approaching Christmas time ! I_et’s make it unanimous ! Relief Work in Italy The Red Cross story of Italy never grows Much of known, but it constantly is developing new tiresome. it has become well features that perpetuate its thrilling inter- est. It always begins with that epic of humane endeavor in the war's history, when the American Red Cross stepped into the breach, and stayed the panic into which the country was thrown following the disaster to the Italian arms in the fall of 1917. The sympathy and material aid rendered in that emergency never will be forgotten, nor will the glory of it ever be dimmed. Upon the relief thus applied at a moment's notice the great and growing work of the American Red Cross in Italy has been builded; and the story thereof is succinctly told in the second instalment of the War Council’s reports concerning the use that is being made of the Red Cross war fund. The increasing importance and scope of the work is indicated by the fact that the total of appropriations made for the last half of the year 1918 is practically double the amount expended for relief there during all the pre- ceding wartime period. By the end of the year expenditures for Italian relief will aggregate at least $20,000,000. The American Red Cross has done much for Italy, but it still has a duty to perform which calls for as free use of the funds pro- vided by the Red Cross spirit of the Ameri- can people as any need requires. Helping to save Italy in a crisis was a grand thing from the humane standpoint, as well as from the military point of view; but the fortitude and courage of the Italian people themselves under circumstances that put the very souls of nations to the supreme test, has imposed an obligation that can not be held to have been fulfilled so long as there is an atom of relief needed. How different might be the general situation today if the Italian people, Saved in an emergency, had not “come back” so admirably? In appreciation of the stamina of the Ital- ian people as well as through its humane duty the American Red Cross will continue the relief work with inexhaustible energy. Letters to Red Cross Workers Referring to a paragraph printed in the BULLETIN some weeks ago, to the effect that letters addressed to Red Cross workers abroad, in care of the American Expedi- tionary Force, may go at domestic rates, the superintendent of mails at National Red Cross headquarters states that in actual practice it is highly inadvisable to address letters to Red Cross workers in that way, because it is impossible to send it to any Specified city in that case. A Red Cross Worker is more sure of his mail, it is stated, if it is addressed to the headquarters of his Commission, and this necessitates the five- Cent rate. - The World-Encircling Spirit The Red Cross spirit which marked the 4th of July in many countries this year, took firm hold on an American contingent in far away Nagasaki, Japan. The Russian Railway Service Corps, who were sent to Russia to assist in straightening out trans- portation conditions there, and were later transferred to Nagasaki, decided to take up a collection for the Red Cross instead of having a celebration on their nation's birth- day. Checks and drafts amounting to $376.- 10, representing the contribution of members of the corps, have just reached Washington headquarters of the Red Cross, through S. M. Felton, Director General of Military Railways, to whom they were originally transmitted. A. B. Jones, vice-president of the B. F. Goodrich Company of Akron, Ohio, has gone to France to fill an important execu- tive position with the transportation depart- ment of the American Red Cross. * 5 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Nursing Enrollment World-Wide BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. . (This is the tenth of Miss Delano's arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) It has long been the plan of the Depart- ment of Nursing of the Red Cross to regis- ter trained nurses all over the world, so that, in case of epidemic or disaster, the Ameri- can Red Cross could promptly mobilize its resources for the alleviation of the suffering of other countries. With the announcement of the opening of the books to make every man and woman in the United States a member of the Red Cross by Christmas of this year, we are stirred to further efforts to bring into the fold the American trained nurses, stationed in out-of-the-way places over the earth. The mobilization of American trained nurses in the United States, to satisfy the needs of our country in this world conflict, should not exclude the several hundred now serving in foreign countries, and the Red Cross does not intend that it shall. Re- quests have been coming from China to Alaska for the opportunity to enroll with the Red Cross, and become a part of the or— ganization which represents the combined efforts of a nation to live up to the com- mand that bids us love our neighbors as ourselves. - EveRY Country AFFECTED. There is not a country on the face of the earth that is not being stirred to its depths by the mighty struggle in Europe, and the nurses who are serving humanity in those places not directly affected by it, can not help but feel the throb of sorrow, sickness and suffering that threatens to engulf the world. They are asking eagerly to be en- rolled in the Red Cross, so that even if they must keep their present posts, they will have a standing beside those who are making the supreme sacrifice in France. A list as complete as possible of American nurses serving outside the United States, has been compiled, application blanks for enrollment have been sent them, and many returns are already coming in. The list shows American nurses in almost every country in the world, besides those serving with the allied countries. Many of them are already enrolled Red Cross nurses who have been sent as a part of units, volunteered, or are serving independently. The appal- ling conditions that exist in those countries have called many of them to service. The knowledge that in Roumania wounds were being dressed with sawdust, that in different parts of the world little children were dying of starvation and lack of care, and the peo- ple living in dirt and ignorance, have called others. ALL WANT TO ComE IN. For many months now, Red Cross head- quarters has been in communication with many of these nurses, who are doing their “bit” in strange places. “I want to be iden- tified with the Red Cross,” is the request they make. - To provide for the enrollment of these nurses serving independently in France, Miss Martha Montagne Russell, former superintendent of the Sloane Hospital, N. Y., was made official representative of the American Red Cross Nursing Service and sent to Paris. She began the organization of a system of enrollment for American Nurses in Europe not affiliated with the Red Cross. Miss Russell has since been suc- ceeded by Miss Julia Stimson, who is con- tinuing this work. Miss Carrie M. Hall represents the Department of Nursing in England and is organizing the American nurses in that country. The enrollment of nurses in out-of-the-way places, however, is being carried on directly through head- quarters. This contact with American nurses in other lands has uncovered a splendid record of nursing efficiency, and is at the same time a warning indication of the desperate need for trained nurses in foreign lands. When the present need on the battle-fields of France is over, there will be a large field for service there, for those free to go. The nurses who are doing their best to supply this need of foreign countries are women of more than average education. One nurse writes from Auking, China, that she studies the language five hours a day, so that she may teach as soon as possible in the training school for native nurses. She writes of the progress of Red Cross knowledge in that part of China. “I have had some very inter- esting talks with my language teachers. One, a man, promises to help to spread the knowledge of the Red Cross and its mean- ing among his friends. He knew nothing of it before I told him, and is quite interested. The other teacher, a woman, wishes to help with sewing, and offers to bring her friends. If there is a demand for them I want to make children’s clothing, using Chinese ma— terial. These women sew beautifully by hand, and I think that we should be able to accomplish a great deal of work. I am doing all I can to make known the Red Cross to all the Chinese here.” KEYNOTE OF THE WORK. Then she adds the keynote of the Ameri- Cross. can Red Cross work in foreign countries— “Only in making them feel a personal owner- ship and interest in the work, and that we are all one great big brotherhood, helping those in need, can we help them to help themselves.” - “We are all so keenly interested in the war,” she continues, “and I must confess, at times I long to take a more personal part in helping win it, but then, I know that our work here, while only the steady, grinding kind without glamour, must bear fruit in the end and play its part in the general scheme of world peace.” - From almost the other side of the world, another American nurse—in the Azores— writes to offer herself to the Red Cross for service. “The feeling of the whole island is one of beautiful accord and of working to- gether”; the letter begins, “It is only, how- ever, within the last year that Portuguese women have been admitted into the Red With the arrival in Lisbon of the first contingent of wounded, the people gen- erally are beginning to realize how behind the times they are. I want to go to Lisbon, but if I am needed here, will stay. I am utterly at the service of the Red Cross and wait your commands.” FOR SERBIAN CHILDREN. The work of American nurses in Rou- mania and Serbia is already well-known. A letter from a nurse doing child welfare work in Serbia, during the first year of the war, describes the work as it started there. “Our big dispensary, which we have in three large tents, is in fine working order,” the letter reads. “We have had nearly every kind of case from minor injuries to serious infected wounds, and from upset stomachs to Scarlet fever and diptheria. The people are beginning to have more confidence in us, and walk fifteen and twenty miles for treat- ment. There is a great deal of malnutrition and anemia among the babies and many a tubercular case. Many cases are the result of near starvation. We constantly have to give cans of condensed milk to mothers for their babies feeding, because the govern- ment has control of the milk and it is ex- pensive and hard to get.” Since this letter was written conditions in Serbia have forced the American nurses in Serbia to leave. But after the war, there will be a frantic need for them. - During the recent Guatemala earthquake, the Red Cross was able to supply four Span- ish-speaking trained nurses at almost a mo- ment’s notice. It will be splendid, will it not, when the nursing resources of the world are so organized that we will have a standing army ready to answer the world call. 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Late News of American Red Cross Activities in the Foreign Field Statistics Regarding Civilian Relief American Jam is in Great Demand Village Being Built in France as a Rendered in France in July The American Red Cross in France ex- tended aid to 372,835 civilians during the month of July. The organization is now operating eight hospitals, with accomoda- tions for 1,828 patients, and seventy dispen- saries, 26,141 persons receiving treatment at these institutions during the month. Of the total number of persons receiving aid, 109,- 965 were children, 162,446 refugees, 79,171 persons scattered through the war zone, II,259 mutiles and 10,094 tubercular patients. In the same period the Red Cross bureaus have distributed 135,203 garments, 23,951 pairs of shoes, 37,750 articles of furniture, 53,303 pieces of bedding and household linem, 342,450 pounds of food, 120,212 yards of cloth, 2,382 articles of hospital equipment and 1,000 farm implements. Cash donations to outside organizations during the month totaled 1,199,360 francs. More than 80,000 persons visited the baby saving exhibit at St. Etienne in July. This exhibit, the first of its kind ever held in France and the most important part of the Red Cross campaign for the reduction of in- fant mortality, has been drawing great crowds. In Lyon the attendance for three weeks was 173,155. Fighting Tuberculosis in France Members of the American Red Cross Com- mission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in France, who have also been aiding the French authorities to solve the infant mor- tality problem, are to take a prominent part in the observance of “Children’s Month” in October. In appreciation of the assistance they have rendered they have been invited to speak at several places during the month. A further recognition of the work of the commission in France is to be the publica- tion of a report in which the part the Red Cross has played in the humane work will be set forth in detail. One official letter of appreciation speaks of the Red Cross as “valiantly and successfully carrying on the combat against the hideous and nefarious plague of tuberculosis” and as “a guardian angel, alert and vigilant, hovering lovingly over the cradles of France.” At another point the letter reads: “All should have at heart the glorifying and honoring of the American nation in the persons of those of her children who are today working for France and devoting themselves to our country.” Among Our Ailies Overseas Jam and canned fruit are in great de- mand for hospital and canteen use across the sea, and the American Red Cross is Seeing to it that all needs in this particular are fulfilled. In response to cabled request the War Council has authorized the imme- diate shipment of thirty tons of blackberry jam to the Red Cross commission for Great Britain, at a cost of $9,792. An appropriation of the same amount has been made for the purchase of an equal quantity of jam of mixed variety, for the use of the British Red Cross, which at all times is of great service to the American organization in the purchasing of supplies. Still another item for shipment to Great Britain is that of 2,000 cases of assorted canned fruit—peaches, apricots, pears, pine- apples and cherries—for which an appro- priation of $10,710 has been made. Half of this fruit is for the British Red Cross. The American Red Cross will be reim- bursed by the British Red Cross for the supplies consigned to it as indicated above. (Concluded from page 1) bered for his work with the Red Cross Com- mission to Roumania in 1917. Captain Robert I. Barr, of Orange, New Jersey, is another member of the mission. Captain Barr was a member of the Red Cross mission to Russia last year and has recently visited Cuba as a member of the Sugar Credit Committee. The other members of the mission who have had Red Cross foreign service experi- ence are the two nurses, Miss Beatrice Gosling, of Milborn, New Jersey, and Miss Alma Foerster, of Chicago, who were at- tached to the Roumanian Mission in 1917–18. Others commissioned in this mission are Lieutenant Henry C. Hibbard, of Seattle, Washington, who will be a warehouse ex- ecutive; Lieutenant John A. Stalinski, of Warsaw, Poland, who will act as interpre- ter; Lieutenant Nels R. Clifton, of Duluth, Minn., accountant; Captain Daniel O. C. Lively, of San Francisco, warehouse execu- tive; and Mrs. Aurora B. Merriman, of Min- neapolis, as Stenographer, whose eight years of experience in Stenographic and secretarial work with Major Williams has admirably fitted her for this service; Lieutenant Wm. H. Dudley, of Baltimore, secretary; Lieu- tenant Harold M. Wyckoff, of Philadelphia, photographer, and Lieutenant Roger L. Lewis, of New York City. Home for Belgian Refugees *- One hundred Belgian families will soon be occupying as many four-room cottages in a village which the American Red Cross is building on a picturesque hillside just out- side Le Havre, according to reports just received. Every effort is being made to have the village, when complete, resemble a bit of Belgium transplanted to France. The vil- lage will have paved streets, electric light and an up-to-date water main system. The population will be selected from the poorest of the refugees. No family with less than four children will be given a cottage. Each cottage will have a garden and will rent for six dollars a month. Tenants who can not pay will be taken care of by some charitable organization, but everyone who gets a cottage will be expected to work. The rent from the cottages, it has been figured, will pay the expense of running the There will be two Belgian schools, with Belgian teachers; a Belgian priest, Bel- gian officials and one of the cooperative stores so popular in Belgium. The cottages are portable and after the war can be shipped to Belgium and set up in the native towns of the people who occupy them. town. Tons of Steel for Splints Acting on advices from the commissioner for France, the Red Cross War Council has authorized the purchase and shipment of 87 tons of rolled round steel for making splints. This supply is additional to a quan- tity previously requested, the increase being caused by an elaboration of the splint pro- gram of the commission for France. The ap- propriation for the additional quantity amounted to $9,627. - – Relief Submits to No Obstacle Red Cross headquarters at the village of Heppner, Oregon, were destroyed recently by a fire which left twenty-three families without homes. The fact that their offices and records and all the finished material of their war relief work were destroyed did not prevent the members of the Heppner Red Cross Chapter from taking charge of the relief work for the town. The Civilian Relief committee helped to raise a fund of $2,400 for relief purposes and distributed it. Red Cross Home Service is handling cases between this country and England at the rate of two hundred per week. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - 7 Stories from Real Life that Tell Aims of Red Cross Home Service How Cables Involving Soldiers’ Anxi. eties are Received and Answered Condensed into a few words, story after story of heart stirring interest goes over the cables every day from Red Cross headquar- ters in Washington to the American Army in France, where American fighters are waiting anxiously for news of their folks at home. The daily cable to Washington from Home Service workers in France, attached to the army units, is usually a brief list of soldiers’ names, with addresses of their relatives, ask- ing for a general report. It reads usually about as follows: “Report delayed allotment and welfare: “Case 2103, Private James J. G–, mother, Mrs. Mary J. G. , 115 R. Street, Oakland, California. “Case 2048, Sergeant C. E. K–, wife, Mrs. A. J. K. , 44 S--— Street, Chicago, Illinois.” Sometimes the messages of enquiry are more specific as when confirmation of bad news is asked by a man who has not heard from his family in a long time and through the letters which have reached his acquain- tances from the same town has heard rumors of misfortune. Sometimes they are direct instructions as one which read, “Protect in- terests Private J. G. Z , in house bought for mother, Minneapolis, Minn.” ALL FAMILIES IN REACH. As soon as these cable messages or the other similar messages which come in greater detail by mail reach the national headquar- ters in Washington each one is relayed out to the Home Service section covering the territory of the soldier's home town. No soldier's family is out of reach of a Home Service section and no enquiry is dropped until a satisfactory answer can be sent. In reply the cables read as follows: “Case I419, Mrs. William J , known section (Home Service Committee) since February. Lives comfortably with child. Is not employed. Entirely recovered from operation. Red Cross visits regularly. “Case 1256, Private James R. , fam- ily well. Allotment not received but being followed. No financial need. “Case II.87, Mrs. Violet S , very well. Lives comfortably with parents. Re- ceives husband’s mail. “Case II28, Mrs. Edward F and family, health normal. Insurance policy ar- rived. Allotment being traced. No financial difficulty. Sister knows soldier in hospital. Mother does not know. r - “Case 1348, Mrs. Pauline H known to section. Allotments but not allowances received regularly. Section has provided regular assistance and medical care. “Case 272, Mrs. Florence F been known to Red Cross some time. She and baby well. Employed. Allotment being traced. Red Cross supplies assistance when needed. “Case 233, Advise Private Edward U—, —Infantry, Company K, now base hos- pital —, of sudden death, mother, peri- tonitis, August 17. Worker had pleasant talk with her before illness. Told she was writing son regularly and living with George. Buried at M , Wisconsin. “Case 564, Advise Nurse Martha S Tº sister Ruth on vacation, can not be con- ferred with immediately, friends report her happy and well.” The Home Service workers of the Ameri– can Red Cross are transmitting and answer- ing by mail and by cable, nearly 900 such enquiries every week and are carrying every case through to the best conclusion that can be found for it. “Let Us Do the Worrying: It Won’t Bother Us Much,” Says Soldier “Let us do all the worrying; it won’t bother us much.” The high spirits and fearlessness of the American Army in France expressed in this sentence from a letter written home by a Washington soldier now at the front. The letter was given to Home Service workers of the American Red Cross as evidence of the sort of experience the American soldiers were having, and the way in which they are meeting the dangers and hardships of army life. “We are having the time of our lives over here and are getting splendid training, and not too much of it, so that we don’t go stale. Yet, I feel when you read the papers about offensives, and casualties and every- thing, you must worry a great deal. We don’t worry ourselves, and from what the men say who come back from the front there is really nothing to worry about. Your chances are splendid there—about 1,000 to 1. Last night was Billy Malone's birthday and we had a party. Fried chicken and fried potatoes, salad, cakes and wonderful coffee. And as we sat down to our party last night there was a feeling of guilt that you were probably worrying about us when really we have been having such a good time. Let us do all the worrying, it won’t bother us much.” - -- - Practical Help for Fighter's Wife Who Was Ill and Grief-Stricken Breaking up housekeeping for the sick wife of a man in service was the task as- signed to the members of a Home Service Section recently in a Texas town. The sol- dier's wife was stricken with typhoid while her husband was still in camp in this country, but before he could obtain a furlough and come to see her he was sent abroad. Grief over the fact that she had not seen him again before he left for the front retarded her convalescence and made her recovery uncertain. Home Service workers made her frequent visits in the hospital, brought her cheering news of the great fight in which her hus- band was taking part and did their best to make her feel that she had friends. She was Still lonely and unhappy, however, and it was decided that she should be sent to live with her mother. Funds for the journey were offered by the Red Cross, and, as soon as She was able, she was put on the train for her former home. This left the problem of packing and storing her household goods to the Home Service workers and they went at that task in such a way that the young wife was able to dismiss the whole matter of breaking up housekeeping from her mind, Sure that it would be as well done as if she were able to supervise it. Play Based on Home Service Presenting in dialogue form the oppor- tunities which Home Service offers to American people to help their soldiers in the fight for democracy, a play, under the title of “Morale,” has been written by Mrs. Henry Backus, a Home Service worker of Cincinnati. The play was given a prelimi- nary reading in Cincinnati at a garden party where several of Red Cross workers were assembled, and received high praise. It has been accepted for publication by a New York publishing house. Conference of Workers in Northwest The Northwest Division is making plans to have a conference in the fall of all graduates of Home Service Institutes. The regular institutes in Seattle have graduated a large number of men and women compe- tent to act as Home Service secretaries, and it is believed that an opportunity for them to get together and discuss their experiences in the field will be valuable to them and to the Home Service work in that division. 8 T H E P E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN RELIEF WORK IN ITALY SINCE WAR’s BEGINNING Second Installment of War Council’s Reports on Trusteeship—Appropria- tions Under Italian Budgets Will Amount to Twenty Million Dollars by End of Current Year— Civilian Relief Rendered of Immense Benefit The following is authorized by the Red Cross War Council: “The War Council of the American Red Cross today issued the second instalment of its reports to the American people concern- ing the use being made of the Red Cross War Fund. This particular instalment covers work being done in Italy since the beginning of the war and plans made for the period up to the end of December, 1918. “In carrying out its work in Italy the American Red Cross has appropriated to July 1, 1918, the sum of $7,939,653.50. The greatly enlarged field of opportunity and obligation in Italy has called for an appro- priation for the six months ending Decem- ber, 1918, amounting to $12,657,837.50. “Thus by the end of the year 1918 the American Red Cross will have expended since the war began, and up to the end of 1918, at least $20,000,000.00 in work of re- lief in Italy. RESPONDED To EMERGENCY CALL. “Need for Red Cross work in Italy be- came apparent to the War Council in Wash- ington early in the summer of 1917, and a temporary commission, headed by George F. Baker, Jr., was sent to Italy to make a thorough and exhaustive investigation of the needs there. As a result of the com— mission’s report, a permanent commission was in process of formation when the Teu- tonic drive on the Austrian front filled all Italy with homeless, starving, despairing refugees and brought on a crisis which took American Red Cross workers into the Ital- ian field. From that moment their activities have never ceased. - “Today Italy is fully convinced that the American people are a nation of deeds as well as words. There is scarcely a village or commune which has not been given un- mistakable evidence of the generosity, kind- liness and ability of America in the work of saving Europe from the grasp of Teu- tonic autocracy. - . “In this connection, Col. John Buchan, one of the directors of the British Ministry on Information, said: . “‘I hope Americans appreciate the work which their Red Cross organization has done in Italy. American work was wonder- It was organized and accomplished with deftness, energy and tact. It must have been enormously expensive, but it was worth many times what it cost in its re- markable effect on the morale, not only of the people at home, but at the front, where its maximum was felt.” ful. RELIEF FOR SoLDIERs’ FAMILIES. “A survey made in July shows that up to that time relief had been distributed to nearly 400,000 needy families of soldiers. At last reports the American Red Cross had in operation in Italy 41 kitchens with a capacity of 130,000 rations weekly. These were contributing to the comfort and sup- port of 131,000 families. 43 workrooms where nearly 3,000 women It is maintaining are employed in producing an average of 80,000 garments. There are eighty-two nurseries caring for 13,000 children. There are nineteen health centers containing 8,046 children. There are twelve adult health centers caring for an average of 500 per- sons weekly. - “All this character of work done up to July 1, 1918, was accomplished at a cost of $4,347,383. Work among the soldiers at the front up to July 1, 1918, had cost $2,844,602. A special emergency fund was expended during the same period taking care of thou- sands of refugees. This was done at a cost of $174,700. Another item of expense dur- ing the early days was that of transporta- tion. This amounted to $200,462. Operat- ing expenses during this period amounted to $167,537. “In connection with the foregoing there are two things that are worthy of note. The first is that the purchasing power of every dollar contributed to the American Red Cross, because of its vast field of vol- untary endeavor and supply, is $1.59. The other is the strict economy observed in all branches of the work. The following cable- gram from Mr. Henry P. Davison, chair- man of the Red Cross War Council, to Col. Perkins, the Italian commissioner, at the close of the second war fund campaign, will be of general interest: ExPENDITUREs AUTHORIZED. “‘The Red Cross drive has been an over- whelming success, not alone in the amount raised, but in the spirit shown throughout the country. I will cable you shortly the final figures. We are now in position to carry out such work as your commission recommends, and upon consideration of the War Council it will be approved, all to the end and in the spirit which you and your associates have perfectly understood. It is vitally important that any program adopted by the Red Cross in any part of the world more than 100 kitchens. should be carried out in such a manner that everyone can justly feel that each dollar has been treated as though it were the par- ticular dollar given by the person making the greatest sacrifices in order to give.” “Insofar as the amount of money to be expended is concerned, the item of furnish- ing food to the refugees and families of soldiers at the front is given first place in the work now being done. This service, known as the canteen service, consists of furnishing 15,000 rations daily, which will take 14,000 tons of food from the United States each month and will be served from This Service will be furnished at a cost of $3,300,000. EMPLOYMENT FOR THousANDs. “The next matter is the employment of those who are able to do some part in the war. To this end 28 workshops have been erected in various parts of Italy. They give employment to 5,000 women, who are using 747 sewing machines. The appropria- tion for this branch of Red Cross activity amounts to $3,077,140. - “A colony for refugees from Venetia, near the Pisa, is taking care of 2,000 persons, and before the snow flies, this probably will be increased by 15,000 more. Cost of the establishment of this colony amounts to $1,155,000. “If the morale of the men at the front is to be maintained, their families must be properly cared for. Details provide for shops, shoe factories, work by nurses, finan- cial assistance to Italian institutions en- gaged in this field. For this purpose $1,030,- 700 has been appropriated. MISCELLANEOUs ACTIVITIES. “There are many other activities that will cost heavily, and which have been provided for. Among them are: Surgical dressings and surgical instruments, $1,241,212.50; sup- plies, including gasoline and appliances, maintenance of every description, allow- ances for drivers and living expenses, $495,- 000; canteen rest-rooms, $453,722.50; gifts of clothing and other necessities for sol- diers at the front, $110,000; food for chil- dren, $357,500; for purchase and mainte- nance of nurses’ home at Milan, $55,027.50; for all medical work, $40,425; for district offices and general offices at Rome, $41,250; fund for prevention of tuberculosis, $1,100,- 000; transportation, $33,000; purchasing sec- tion, $4,620; storage section, $63,250; finance section, $21,505; section of the secretary-gen- eral, $46,695; section of public information, $31,790. - “Should the needs of the war demand a continuation of this work and the expendi- ture of even a greater sum, there is no doubt that the American people will respond.” D CROSS BULLETIN G 2 * Tº * - . . º g WASHINGTON, D. C. an unnas, AMERICAN RED CROSS Vol. II * * , wº. Yº-Tº- SEPTEMBER 16, 1918 No. 38 INDIANAMAN LEAVES HIS ESTATE TOTHERED CROSS Chas. S. Kahn, of Evansville, Bequeaths Entire Property, Estimated at $125,000 in Value, “to Assist Great Work of Alleviating Suffering and Benefiting Those Who Need Help and Service” National headquarters of the Red Cross has been formally notified that the late Charles S. Kahn, of Evansville, Ind., in his will, left his entire estate, of an estimated value of $125,000, to the American Red Cross. Information as to the disposition of the property was conveyed through Phelps F. Darby, an attorney of Evansville, who was named in the will as executor. * Mr. Kahn, who was a wholesale grocer, died August 23. His will was made in June, shortly before undergoing a surgical opera- tion at Battle Creek, Mich. The estate Con- sists principally of securities. The will be- queaths all his property, both real and per- sonal, to the American Red Cross Society, subject-only to the condition that a nephew shall be permitted to continue renewing a note given in part payment of his shares in S. Kahn's Sons, Incorporated. In conclud- ing his testament the testator declared: “In making the foregoing disposition of my estate, I am not unmindful of my rela- tives, but they are all amply able to Sup- port themselves in comfort, and I desire to assist this national organization in its great work of alleviating suffering and bene- fitting those who need help and service of the kind rendered by the Red Cross.” So far as the records of the Red Cross disclose the bequest made through the will of Charles S. Kahn is the largest ever re- ceived by the society. Bequests by will, however, are of frequent occurrence and be- coming more so, about one a week being the present average. BlanketsSent to Many Countries and in Reserve for Emergency Under authorization given by the Red Cross War Council in July, in connection with which an appropriation of $2,000,000 was made, 472,000 blankets for relief pur- poses overseas were purchased, for delivery before December 1. From these purchases 110,000 blankets have been allotted for ship- ment to France; 2,000 for shipment to Rus- sia, via Archangel; 25,000 for shipment to Italy and 100,000 for shipment to Siberia. In view of the work developing in Siberia and the probable need of additional blankets there during the winter, the reserve stock of 185,000—the balance left after making the allotments stated above—has been in- creased by the purchase of 200,000 more, which it was found possible to obtain on exceptionally advantageous terms. An ap- propriation of $800,000 was made to cover the cost of the additional 200,000. Appropriations to Meet Expenses of Camp and Canteen Service The Red Cross War Council has appro- priated the sum of $3,475,000 to meet the estimated expenses of the operation of the Bureau of Camp Service for the six months ending December 31, 1918. This service in- cludes all Red Cross activities, except can- teens, concerned with the comfort and wel- fare of enlisted men in the military and naval camps, cantonments and stations in the United States. To meet the current ex- penses of operation of the Bureau of Can- teen Service for the same period the War Council has appropriated the sum of $100,000. It is impossible to forecast definitely the expenditures that will be necessary to carry on the canteen work, inasmuch as the number of outgoing troops and incoming wounded can only be estimated, but the $100,000 ap- propriated for that service is intended to cover all current operating expenses in- curred for supplies, transportation, build- ings, rents, equipment, etc. The Bureau of Canteen Service is con- ducting emergency canteens at all ports of embarkation and debarkation both in the United States and Canada, and is providing canteen service at more than 500 railroad divisional points in the United States. Four of the American Red Cross can- teens serve 18,000 men daily. Through the efforts of the American Red Cross, the French departments in which the refugees have rested have been relieved of all burden of their care and support. STORY OF RED CROSS DOL- LARISTO GO BROADCAST **** By Word of Mouth agad Picture Film. Its Mighty Power Will Be Told to People in Every Corner of Land, Preliminary to Christmas Roll-Call—Noted Speak- ers Who Will Convey the Message The War Council of the American Red Cross is about to carry the message of the Red Cross Dollar into every city and town of the United States to tell the people by word of mouth and effective moving pic- tures how the work is administered. The campaign, beginning October 1st, involves one of the greatest speaking programs ever mapped out in America. - . Many of the speakers will be fresh from the fields of battle and will tell the story, following the service of the Red Cross Dol- lar from the time it leaves the American home through the perils of the U-boat ZOIteS . and into the trenches where it binds and heals the wounds of the stricken soldiers or feeds the starving refugee. - Moving pictures will visualize the work. Films never before shown will help the speaker drive home his story. - To LET ALL KNow. The purpose of the campaign is to let every mother, wife, sister or sweetheart know what the Red Cross is doing. This appeal will carry into every American home. There will be no call for funds. It is hoped by this means to so familiarize the public with the doings of the Red Cross Dollar— one hundred per cent of which actually goes to relieve distress—that when the Christmas roll-call is had the Red Cross will be able to increase its present membership of 22,000,- 000 to a total almost equal to the population of the United States. Among the speakers will be Dr. Arthur J. Francis, of Chicago; the Rev. Frederick A. Perry, of Adrian, Mich.; , Dr. Lincoln A. Wirt, of Wellesley Hall, Mass.; Lieut. Col. Cecil G. Williams, of Toronto; Dr. S. E. Brewster, of Lakewood, N. J.; Mrs. Idah McGlone Gibson, newspaper correspondent, and Dr. Esther Clayson Lovejoy, of Port- land, Oregon, - 2 THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN WAR COUNCIL REPORT ON RELIEF INSWITZERLAND Many Urgent Reasons for Work There, Foremost Being the Care of American Soldiers in German Prison Camps— Aid Given to Swiss Red Cross, Which Has Been Carrying Heavy Burden and Rendering Great Service. The War Council of the American Red Cross authorizes the following statement: “The third installment of the report to the American people concerning the use being made of the Red Cross War Fund covers the activities of relief work in Switzerland, where the most urgent reasons for such work exists, the foremost of which is the necessity of caring for American soldiers in German prison camps, and the desire of the people of the United States to relieve Switzerland of a part of the great burden that the war has laid upon her. “The report shows an expenditure to May 1, 1918, of $200,000.00, consisting of a gift of $125,000.00 to the Swiss Red Cross and a do- nation of $75,000.00 to assist the Swiss gov- ernment in caring for interned Russians. The appropriation for the eight months from May 1, to December 1, 1918, amounts to $1,972,233,75. CountRY HAs SUFFERED. “Of the neutral countries none has suffer- ed so much from the war as Switzerland, and a glance at the map of Europe will will easily explain why. Switzerland is the natural pathway across which those who pass from Germany to the Allies, or from the Allies to the Central powers must go. For four years those inhabitants of Northern France and Belgium, who have been deport- ed by Germany have been sent into Switzer- land, and the Swiss government has been trying to care for them. For four years all prisoners, going in either direction, have passed through Switzerland and these, too, have been given assistance by the Swiss peo- ple. The American Red Cross has felt that the American people would wish to share with Switzerland the burden of caring for all of the Allies who passed across her borders, and so this work has been undertaken. \ ScENES ARE PATHETIC. “As showing the great need of relief work among the refugees who seek safety and comfort in Switzerland, to say nothing of the work for the soldiers, the following from the report made by the Deputy Red Cross Commissioner for Switzerland on June 29, will be most enlightening: “‘I spent Tuesday, June 25, at Basle on the German-Swiss frontier, the point at which all the evacuees from Northern France enter Switzerland. There are two trains per day bringing in a total of 1,300 civilians, who are in varying conditions of distress. They consist principally of women and young children, and old men and women. Most of them have walked miles to the train, their feet are badly swollen in a good many in- stances and they carry all their worldly possessions in their hands. The food they eat is furnished by the Swiss government and all their necessities are furnished by charity. The work of feeding and clothing them is humanitarian and important in the highest degree. It would be impossible to picture the scenes in the station upon their arrival, or to adequately describe their ill- ness and suffering.’ “The care of the returning allied prison- ers is even more imperative. They are in a worse condition than the civilians, and the very minute that the United States entered the war it was possible from the condition of these prisoners to predict the great need that was bound to arise, not only in caring for American prisoners who might be re- turned, but in providing for the American soldiers who might be captured by the enemy and held in German prison camps. This, in fact, is the most important work before the American Red Cross in Switzer- land. MANY WAREHOUSEs Establish Ep. “That no time might be lost, therefore, the Red Cross set to work as soon as conditions became known to make provision for the succesful accomplishment of this great duty. Great storehouses were established in three places in Switzerland with a supplementary storehouse at Copenhagen, Denmark, into which stores began to be gathered. Sup- plies were sent from the United States and carried to Switzerland by a southern route. Clothing and comforts were gathered, and so rapidly was the work done, that by August 1, there were sufficient supplies on hand in these warehouses to provide, amply, for 15,000 prisoners for six months, should the fortunes of war throw that number of American soldiers into the hands of the enemy. “These supplies consist of everything that: men in their condition might need. There is food enough to furnish them three square meals a day. There is clothing and material to make clothing, both for officers and men. There are dainties for the sick and comforts for the suffering. There are pipes and tobacco and cigarettes and chocolate and combs and shaving outfits and every and anything that might lighten the imprison- ment of our boys in German hands. Plans are also perfected for keeping up com- munication with them and for sending news of their whereabouts and condition to their families in America, and in returning to them such supplies and messages as rela- tives may wish to forward. In short, right now whatever Americans are in the hands of the Germans are being sought out and cared for by the fund which the American people so liberally donated to Red Cross work. “So far, the appropriation for this work amounts to $475,000. * TRACING PRIsoxERs' PARCELs. “In order that a record may be kept of whether the food and comforts sent the prisoners reaches its destination, a card accompanies each package. This is signed and returned by post by the prisoner who receives it. If the food and comforts should go astray, plans are perfected for tracing them. This will be done in the same manner that the men are found and communication with them established. “When the American Red Cross began its investigation of conditions in Switzerland, it found that food in that country was very Scarce. This was due to the fact that both the Allies and Germany demanded some- thing from Switzerland in return for the things they were giving her. Germany could, if she wished, shut off practically all of the fuel supply, while the Allies could stop the food supply. Therefore, there had to be Some output of necessities from Switzerland to each group of belligerents. This, in addi- tion to the great influx of hungry, naked, suffering refugees and prisoners, reduced the food supply and taxed the government to the utmost. In addition, Switzerland has been obliged to keep her army up to full strength to guard her borders, while the tourists, which were the real source of in- come to Switzerland, have ceased to visit her. It was to relieve the Swiss people them- Selves, therefore, as well as to assist them in caring for their needy visitors that the American Red Cross began its work by do- nating the $125,000 to the Swiss Red Cross. RUSSIAN RELIEF PROBLEM. “The destitute interned Russians offered another problem of relief. They had come across the border to escape from the enemy and had been gathered at Berne by a com- mittee named for that purpose. Their needs were made known to the American Red Cross under the classification of the des- titute sick, the destitute needy and infirm, the destitute women and children and those who were simply destitute of the bare neces- sities. A donation was made the committee for their relief of $75,000. - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 3 “The largest single item in the appropria- tion for relief work in Switzerland during the current semester is for the construction and maintenance of hospitals, huts, canteens and homes for soldiers who are obliged to remain in Switzerland for any length of time. This appropriation is intended to pro- vide for present necessities among interned allied soldiers and refugees from invaded districts, and also to anticipate the possible requirements for the above facilities as soon as American prisoners of war are interned in Switzerland, when there will be a press- ing demand for this relief work. THE RETURNING PRISONERS. “These interned soldiers present a serious problem. They have come from German prison camps where they have been as long as four years in many instances. A great many of them are mentally ill, and it is ab- solutely necessary that all who can work should be steadily employed, as idleness af- fects them seriously. Near Interlaken and Thun shops have been established by the Swiss Government where these soldiers make a great variety of necessary articles, many of which have been sent to America, where they have met with immediate sale. Money has been lacking to provide raw material and to pay the freight on manufactured articles. The American Red Cross has also made a liberal appropriation for this line of work. - “For the construction of homes, hospitals, huts and canteens for these interned soldiers the appropriation amounts to $312,500. “For the construction of work rooms, training schools, and material for manufac- ture in these establishments, the appropria- tion for the period ending December 31, 1918, amounts to $187,500. - THE CANTEEN SysIEM. “As an example of the use to which the canteens are put the one at Buchs may be taken. It is here that the Italian prisoners and refugees pass from Austrian prisons into Italy. About 2,500 of these arrive each month in a most deplorable condition. Many of them have been badly wounded and are maimed and crippled, while one month more than 300 were suffering from tuberculosis. They are nearly starved, the Italian Govern- ment being unable to send food packages to its prisoners in Austria. The canteen at this point provides clothing, coffee, sugar and a simple ration. The American Red Cross is working jointly with the Swiss Red Cross in carrying on this work. In addition to the necessities provided, every prisoner on his way home is presented with an American flag. The condition on incoming trains is very bad and it is no unusual thing for a number of dead to be found among the prisoners upon their arrival. “Under the present convention between France and Germany, about 10,000 French prisoners of war pass through Switzerland each month on their way home. From these it is possible to gain information concerning German prison camps. This the American Red Cross is doing and this information is being used in determining the need of American prisoners. CIVILIAN RELIEF WORK. “The work among the civilians in Swit– zerland is divided into three branches: Refu- gees from war invaded districts, which in- cludes children of these refugees and the children of interned soldiers; civilian citi- zens of the United States, or of allied na- tions, either detained in Switzerland or in transit through the country, and Swiss fam- ilies, whose sons or fathers are in the United States Army. By far the larger number is included in the first class and the requests for assistance has been so great that the appropriation for this particular group amounts to $125,000. For the other two groups the appropriation is $50,000 and $25,- 000, respectively, making a total in this line of work for the current six months amount- ing to $200,000. “As may be easily seen, conditions among the civilian population as among the sol- diers necessitates the maintenance of Suit- able hospitals. A small appropriation has been made to these hospitals, including the one for tuberculosis. A larger appropria- tion has been made for equipping and op- erating work rooms for making surgical supplies and clothing. The supplies are chiefly bandages and surgical dressings. In the accomplishment of this work employ- ment is furnished for many destitute women, and the wives and daughters of Swiss sol- diers, who are paid from 3 to 4 francs per day. The total of these two appropriation is $87,500. - - CoopFRATING AGENCIES. “In its work in Switzerland as in all other countries, it is the plan of the American Red Cross to utilize those agencies for re- lief which it finds suitably organized and working in a proper manner. There are a number of these agencies in Switzerland, foremost among which is the Geneva Chap- ter of the Red Cross. The scope of these societies is large and comprises the making of relief supplies, tubercular relief work, the furnishing of employment to the prisoners of war and the providing of food and cloth- ing at the depots to those passing through. There are also a number of societies en- gaged in caring for the children. Assistance has been given to these societies whenever and wherever most needed, as well as to an organization which has for its purpose the maintaining of a tubercular hospital for Serbian officers. The amount appropriated for assisting these associations and societies during the time between May 1 and Decem- ber 31, 1918, amounts to $200,000. “In addition to this there has been set aside for the use of the International Red Cross at Geneva the sum of 10,000 Swiss francs per month, amounting to $15,000. OTHER ExPENDITURES. - “Considering the fact that Switzerland is today overrun with refugees and people from So many warring nations, it has been Somewhat difficult to secure such accommo- dations as are needed, in carrying on the work of relief. Warehouses have been either rebuilt or remodeled at the Bumpliz, Renes and Copenhagen, at a cost of more than $200,000; a warehouse and supply depot has been rebuilt and greatly enlarged at Berne at a cost of more than $90,000; auto-trucks have been purchased for the necessary haul— ing and short transportation at a cost of $18,750, while the sum of 187,500 has been set aside in the appropriation for the items of freight, boxing, packing and delivery. . . These appropriations, together with the nec- essary labor in warehouses, chauffeurs’ sal- aries and the general item of operation ex- penses aggregate $494,823.75. “While these figures are small as com- pared to the expenditures for American Red Cross activities in other fields, amount- ing in all to less than two million dollars for the period ending December 31, 1918, the amount of good that it will accomplish can hardly be estimated. It has already given the Swiss people a better idea of the power of the United States as a factor in deter- mining the result of the war than could have been given in any way outside actual war- fare, and it will unquestionably have great weight as corroborative testimony to the re. port the visiting Swiss journalists will carry home to their people. º Golf Match Nets Over $14,000 Announcement has been made through the United States Golf Association of the re- ceipt of a check from the Deal Golf Club, of Deal, N. J., in the sum of $14,382,74, being the proceeds of a golf match and sub- Scription taken in connection therewith for the benefit of the Red Cross. The match was held under the medal plan of the Ameri- can Red Cross Medal Committee. The American Red Cross has donated thirty new beds and a monthly allowance of $400 to the canteen of the Femmes de France. - 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TIN THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATION AL HEAD QUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers Woodrow WILéon . . . . . . . . . . . President RoßERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . Váce-President John SKKLToM WILLIAMg . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counseler Stockton Axscºs . . . . . “. . . . . . . . . &ecretary WILLIAM How ARD TAF'r . . Chairman Centrél Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . Vice-Čhairman HAPvEY D. Grsson General Manager GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . Acting General Manager & ºr * * * - > * • * : * ~ * Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT of THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P £3Avison . . . . . . . ** ...— Chairm a 7. GEORGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM Howard TAyr Eziot Wadsworth SEPTEMBER 16, 1918. …” War and Tuberculosis Everyone who joins or renews member- ship in the American Red Cross during the coming Christmas season will be enrolled in a double campaign in behalf of humanity. He will be a factor not only in the great work of relieving the suffering caused by war; he also will be assisting the greatest of humanitarian endeavors aside from that —the world-wide fight against the Scourge of tuberculosis. . - For many years the National Tuberculosis Association has carried on a campaign for the sale of Christmas seals, and the proceeds have netted generous sums for the carrying on of the fight against the Great White Plague in the United States. By a happy arrangement the American Red Cross will finance the National Tuberculosis Associa- tion this year, and every person responding to the Red Cross Roll-Call will receive a packet of the seals which in the past have made more blessed the American Christmas. There never has been greater need for the work which the National Tuberculosis AS- sociation was organized to perform than now. There never, in the world’s history, has been such demand for the practical sym- pathy of the whole American people as the present. -Not lest we forget the scourge that has been civilization's most insidious enemy, in the presence of the horrors pre- cipitated by war—rather than the greater need should be given amplified opportunity of action—it has been planned to amalga- mate the two movements which spring from a common impulse. There will be no independent sale of the familiar Red Cross Christmas seals in aid of the anti-tuberculosis campaign this year, but everyone who registers in the grand movement which has its visible form in Red Cross membership, will have the gratifying consciousness of serving humanity in a two- fold capacity. The fine spirit which in years past has shown itself in practically every home in the whole land through the little Red Cross Christmas seals, is sure to find the same universal manifestation in con- nection with the demonstration to be made before the world in the name of the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call. The Red Cross in Switzerland Instalment No. 3 of the series of reports which the Red Cross War Council is mak- ing regarding the use of the organization war funds deals with the work in Switzer- land. incunabula, and naturally a sentimental in- In Switzerland was the Red Cross terest attaches to any work associated with the country, and the people through whose inspiration the movement was given that impetus which makes the present system- atized humanitarianism such a glorious reality. t Reasons decidedly more practical than sentimental, however, are involved with the consideration of the relief which the Ameri- can Red Cross is maintaining in Switzer- land. Fate seems to have decreed that the nation from which emanated the Geneva convention should be the neutral breathing spot of a war-racked continent; but fate also has piled many hard burdens on the peace- able people who are in the center of the maelstrom of fire and slaughter. these burdens have directly to do with the welfare of our own soldiers and citizens, and others to whom we, as a nation, are obli- gated. It is to lighten the burdens forced upon the Swiss people that the American Red Cross has made generous appropriations of money to the Swiss Red Cross, in addition to organizing relief work on its own account. The little country nestled in the Alps is the clearing house for exchanged or discharged Some of - prisoners of war and for the repatriated men, women and children from the territory under German occupation. Americans, and people of every nationality connected with the world conflict, are, in some degree, ob- jects of humanitarian relief there. With revenues greatly diminished by the war con- ditions the government and people have won the gratitude and admiration of the coun- tries to which valuable service has been and is being rendered. The report by the War Council should be read in full, to insure a complete under- standing regarding the very large impor- tance of the American Red Cross relief work in Switzerland. It is for the purpose of making the country understand, clearly, every detail of the Red Cross work con- nected with the War, that the plain facts and conditions involving expenditures of the funds contributed by the people are being published in their present form. Monument to American Women A French committee of which Mme. Joffre, the duchesse d'Uzes, Mme. J. Sieg- fried, and the presidents of the three Red Cross Societies, Mme. Carnot, la comtesse d’Hannsonville and Mme. Perouse, are prom- inent figures, has received subscriptions for the purpose of erecting a monument in honor of the women of the United States. The movement is set forth in the following state- ment: “We, women of France, knowing that we can never adequately express our gratitude toward the women of the United States for their generosity and devotion in their cease- less giving, desire to see raised, in a promi- nent place in Paris, a commemorative monu- ment, so that future generations may always keep in mind this beautiful sisterhood that forms an imperishable bond between us.” Alaska Holds the Record Returns are sometimes a little slow in get- ting in from Alaska, but they usually are worth waiting for. A report has just been received on the sale of the two pounds of White House wool apportioned to the far territory in connection with the second war fund drive by the Red Cross. A check came with the report, and it was for the sum of $5,881.75, which was the price the wool brought for the cause in that enthusi- astic section of Uncle Sam's domain. Alaska topped all the states in the union in its White House wool record. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 Italians Pay a Tribute to America Through Red Cross Worker America has received no finer tribute from the sons of her allies than that contained in a brief speech, prepared by half a dozen Italian soldiers, and delivered recently by Corporal Allesandro Marini on the occasion of the visit of a Red Cross worker to Ac- cumuli, Italy, a little mountain town that has sent practically its entire male popula- tion—six hundred—to the front. The speech follows: - “To you Representatives of the Great Re- public from Over the Sea: “What admiration springs irresistably to the mind of everyone ! How deep is the gratitude that all humanity owes—and will owe–to the great Republic and its illus- trious chief In opposition to the insane de- sire of the German nation to enslave the world, young America gives us a program of liberty, equality and fraternity among na- tions. As a contrast to the economic and moral slavery which Germany wants to im- pose, you offer us a chance for the free de- velopment of all nations, according to the separate genius of each race. Germany would like to precipitate civilization once more into the obscurity of the dark ages. America is a shining light to point us to the way of the future. “What other people, unless it be the an- cient Romans, who civilized the world of their day, has given these proofs of her greatness? None, indeed! And now, in union with free Albion, heroic France and beautiful Italy, over there on the Marne floats the banner of your Republic. The sil- ver stars are shining in the radiant beauty of the sun, for Victory already smiles on us! “On the Marne with great ferocity The battle rages in this crucial hour To strip the royal rabble of their power; For they would crush you—Liberty!” Information for Drafted Men In preparation for the new selective draft which will take place during the autumn months, the Red Cross will issue pamphlets informing men of their rights under the in- Surance laws, the assistance which the Red Cross will extend to them, and the ways in which the Red Cross organization hopes to help them here and abroad. - Among these is a pamphlet prepared by the Information Bureau of the Department of Civilian Relief to be circulated among selected men by the Home Service sections. It is entitled “Before You Go” and gives in succinct and lucid form the primary facts and principles needed for taking full ad- vantage of the War Risk Insurance Law and the so-called Civil Rights Bill. A large part of the difficulties in the ad- ministration of the War Risk Insurance Law thus far have been caused by misunderstand- ings which existed in spite of the energetic efforts made by government authorities to make the whole matter plain to the people. Home Service sections have been busy in explaining the law and in pushing through delayed allotments and allowances almost from the beginning and have handled thou- sands of such cases to a satisfactory com- pletion. - In order that this work may be made easier by preparation in advance, all se– lected men will be informed so far as pos- sible by the Home Service sections as to the elements of the law. In this the Home Service workers will be supplementing the explanatory material issuing from govern- mental agencies. The information is con- tained in the “Before You Go” and every man who does not understand fully what his rights are will be urged to read this ex- planation of them. Chairman Davison Goes to Europe At the request of the War Council of the American Red Cross, Henry P. Davison, Chairman, has gone to Europe. The chief purpose of this, Mr. Davison's second jour- ney to Europe within the year, is to confer with those in charge of the field of Red Cross activity in the Allied countries, so that no step may be overlooked in endeavoring to meet the increasing requirements of the American Expeditionary Force. Mr. Davison will report and act upon all the problems of relief that confront the Red Cross overseas. Conferences will be held with the heads of the work abroad, includ- ing Major J. H. Perkins, Red Cross Com- missioner for Europe; Harvey D. Gibson, Commissioner for France; William Endicott, Commissioner for England; Joseph P. Dim- mick, Commissioner for Switzerland, and Colonel Robert Perkins, Commissioner for Italy. - At the request of Mr. Davison, the Good- rich Tire and Rubber Company has released its Managing Director, A. B. Jones, who will serve without pay, to take charge of the transportation department of the Red Cross in France. The effectiveness of the relief work of the Red Cross in great measure de- pends upon the mobility and independence of its system of transportation, and Mr. Jones will devote himself to the task of increasing its efficiency. President and Mme. Poincare attended the opening of the new section inaugurated by the American Red Cross in the hospital for “reformés No. 1” at Neuilly-sur-Seine. How Lieut. McKey, of Red Cross, Met His Death at Italian Front (Special Correspondence from Rome.) The “Tribuna” on August 4 published a description by an eye-witness of the manner in which Lieut. Edward M. McKey met his death while on duty at the Italian front. After paying an eloquent tribute to this “first blood-pledge” of America's participa- tion in the war on Italian soil, which, as the writer declares, is likewise a symbol of the generous work of brotherhood and assis- tance undertaken by the American Red Cross in Italy, the “Tribuna” gives the fol- lowing account of Lieut. McKey’s last moments: t - - “On June 16, in the neighborhood of Fos- salta, part of the Sassary brigade recap- tured the San Marco dyke, which the day before had been taken by the Austrians. At 1 p.m. Capt. Alfredo Colabattisti, com— manding a field battery, was busy shelling the cross-roads at Gonfo, when Lieut. Mc- Key appeared on the scene and requested the captain to designate a place where he might establish his rolling canteen so that he could serve refreshments to our men. Owing to the fact that the entire locality was being heavily shelled by the enemy, there was very little ground suitable to the purpose, but Captain Colabattisti was able notwithstanding to give him some indica- tions, after which they discussed the prog- ress of the battle. LAST WoRDs SpokE PRAISE. “The fine qualities displayed by our men so aroused Lieut. McKey’s admiration that he gave free vent to his enthusiasm. “How splendidly the Italians are fighting P were the last words he uttered, for just then an Austrian shell, exploding at their side, ended his life, at the same time seriously wound- ing Captain Colabattisti. The latter, who has since received a decoration for valor, pays the highest tribute to the devotion of Lieut. McKey, his enthusiasm and the tact- ful manner in which he performed his chari- table mission among the soldiers. To quote his own words: ‘Let us render homage to the memory of this valiant American officer who died with words of enthusiasm for our Soldiers on his lips. The Austrian shell which cut short his career has not silenced his voice. On the contrary, the sacrifice of his life has immortalized his words of praise for Italy's fighting men. It has also forged one more link between our country and his own.” 35 - — One of the favorite canteens of the Amer- . ican Red Cross is that in the city of Dijon, known as the “Poilu Paiace.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Thousands of Workers Are Wanted for Red Cross Service in France Commission for France States Re- quirements in Various Lines In amplication of the article printed in the preceding issue of the BULLETIN regard- ing the number of Red Cross workers wanted for service in France before the end of the present year, there follows a statement from the commission for France setting forth the exact requirements in respect to the addi- tional personnel requested. Men workers are wanted in the numbers stated below: Representatives with Army Division... 340 Outpost Service .................... 400 Hospital Representatives . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Canteeis au Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Physicians, Surgeons, Hospital Admin- istrators, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . e e o e < e < e < 120 Refugee workers .................. 25 Executives for Zones and Districts... 140 Warehouse superintendents, foremen, etc. - Purchasing department—buyers and §0 s e e º e s e e º 'º e º e º gº gº, e º e s tº e º e º 6 @ e º e executives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5 Transportation department . . . . . . . . . I,370 Construction work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Clerical help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Total men wanted. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,756 Women workers are wanted for various branches of the service as follows: Nurses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Nurses' Aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 Dieticians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Canteen workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Home and Hospital Section. . . . . . . . . . 500 Trained workers for refugees. . . . . . . . 200 Pharmacists and Anaesthetists. . . . . . . , 15 Clerical workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Aviation Camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I00 Total women wanted... . . . . . . ... 2,015 Total, men and women. . . . . . . . 4,771 Red Cross representatives with Army di- visions have for their duty the furnishing of supplementary medical and surgical Sup- plies, the distribution of comforts and the performance of home service and home com- munication work. Outposts are maintained in close geo- graphical relationship to the front, and out- post service embraces the distribution of hot drinks, socks, sweaters and other com- forts to soldiers going into and coming out of the line. - Hospital representatives are stationed at base and evacuation hospitals, in connection with home service, communication and rec- reation hut work, and for the distribution of comforts to the wounded. DUTIES OF Wom EN WoRKERs. Nurses and nurses’ aides are used for two purposes: First, they are the only nursing personnel available to take charge of Red Cross emergency hospitals until they become the reesponsibility of the Army; also they are placed in French hospitals under the Service de Sante in order that our soldiers in those hospitals may have the care of some one who can speak their language. Second: They are used in connection with the emergency work being done for the civilian population of France, particularly the children and the tubercular. At the present time there are about 200 A. R. C. Canteen workers in France. These women are working under the greatest pressure, feeding thousands of soldiers. The Home and Hospital section program outlined for the A. R. C. includes the erec- tion and operation of recreation huts for con- valescents at base hospitals. These huts in- clude a library, small canteen, and general facilities for the entertainment of convales- cent soldiers. In this section women per- sonnel are required for two distinct services —to run the canteens and conduct enter- tainments for the patients and to perform work as searchers and visitors. THE REFUGEE WoRKERs. The Refugee problem has been the central civil work undertaken by the American Red Cross. The refugee workers cooperate with the French authorities in receiving the refu- gees and repatries, and endeavoring to properly clothe, house and feed them in the district to which they have been assigned by the French authorities. This work is increasing in scope as the workers more and more gain the confidence of the French authorities, who are placing increasing reliance upon them. The general policy adhered to is to have American women train French assistants to take over the work as rapidly as possible. Included on this pro- gram is the Infant Welfare campaign which requires trained women workers, The American Red Cross has been asked by Gen. Patrick of the Air Service, to place Red Cross women at each aviation camp or center. It shall be the duty of these women to conduct stations, comprising possibly an officer's mess and club, canteen and reading room for enlisted personnel, and possibly a mending shop. •" The American Red Cross has created in Paris a Franco-American bureau for the protection of “early infancy.” 2 be the director. Training Camp for Motor Driver Recruits Located at Chicago Before the end of the current year, the Red Cross must send to France fifteen hun- dred motor drivers who will be not only able to set up, operate, and repair motors, but who will be physically and loyally fit to represent the United States Government. Along with these drivers there must go three hundred mechanics, twenty-five skilled ma- chinists, twenty skilled ignition and lighting experts especially qualified to handle Delco and similar systems, and forty skilled garage managers. The requisition made by the commission for France has been passed on to the divi- sions and an organization known as the Automotive and Mechanical Bureau of the Red Cross Department of Personnel has come into existence, with its headquarters at Chicago. H. P. Harding, of Harding & Co., Automotive and Productive Engineers, will Mr. Harding will coop- erate with the national headquarters through S. Boyer Davis, who has recently become an associate director. OTHER ASSISTANTs. Mr. Harding will be assisted further by J. V. Woodard, assistant chief of transpor- tation to the commission for France, who will determine whether the policy is in ac- cordance with the needs of the commission. Charles A. Joslyn, president of the Charles A. Joslyn Auditing Co., has offered his serv- ices as a volunteer in the auditing of the accounts of the bureau. Recruits for this requisition will be found among the men and women throughout the United States, but the principal field of the bureau activities, it is expected, will be in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Wiscon- sin and Michigan, where the truck manu- facturing trade is principally located, as well as in some states further west. All manufacturers of trucks, dealers, and sales- men are asked to suggest available men, with a faithful observance of the Selective Service Law, - After the recruits have been accepted for Red Cross service they will assemble in the camp of the Automotive and Mechanical Re- serve in Chicago, where they will receive both military and mechanical instruction. During the period of training the recruits will receive half pay and maintenance, but after they have completed the course which will extend over two or three weeks, they will receive army pay. - *- THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN - 7 Red Cross Home Service Develops in Constantly Increasing Ratio Field Work Doubles in Two Months; Now Handling 1,000 Cases a Day A phase of Red Cross work which has doubled in extent during the two months from July 1 to September 1, is the Home Service work in camps and cantonments where the soldiers, worried about their folks at home, find the Red Cross organization a means of swift communication and relief. There were ninety-one Red Cross men in camps and cantonments doing Home Serv- ice work exclusively, September 1, as com- pared with forty-six, July 1, and none at all, April 1, 1918. These men are stationed at thirty-two of the larger camps and fif- teen of the smaller. As the work is devel- oping it soon will be possible to have a Home Service man in every camp that has 1,000 men or more, and in the larger camps, at least one man to a brigade. In many cases the work is developing so rapidly that it will be necessary to have a man for every 5,000 troops. FIGUREs SHow GRowT.H. These ninety-one men were handling at the end of August about 1,000 cases every day, or 30,000 a month. In the camp where the greatest amount of Home Service work is being done there were 653 new applica- tions for help during the month of August, and further action was found necessary in 458 old cases, making a total volume of work for the camp 1,111 cases. Money aid was given to 217 of the men, and 2,283 let- ters and telegrams passed through the office. . It is the experience of these Home Serv- ice men, associate field directors as they are called, that the first inquiry from a troubled soldier usually comes when he hears that his family has not received its allotment or al- lowance money as quickly as payment was expected. This is due in some cases to mis- takes in making out the papers, sometimes to changes in address, sometimes to the in- evitable delay in getting papers through the complex machinery of the War Risk Insur- ance offices where millions of men are reg- istered for extra compensation. ARE SYMPATHETIC LISTENERs. Frequently the man who comes to tell of this obvious difficulty finds in the Home Service man a sympathetic listener and tells a great deal more. He left his business affairs in a tangle, perhaps, and he fears that his wife may not be able to keep them straight without advice. He had not thought there was any agency to whom he could ap- peal and idea of asking help was repugnant to him, anyway; but when he finds the Home Service man sympathetic he tells his story. Often it is a problem much more difficult to handle than a legal tangle. It may be a misunderstanding which he could have straightened out had he been at home, but which, during his absence, has grown until it threatens his happiness. To all such stories the Home Service man listens, confident that if neighbors and friends can be of help, he can do something for his visitor. A letter or a telegram goes out on the basis of the man’s story and the Home Service section in the town from which he came starts out, unobtrusively and kindly, to see what has happened and what can be done. } Many men come to the associate field di- rectors to get recommendations for fur- loughs. In many camps the commanding officers have found the Home Service man’s office the best possible place to get infor- mation as to a soldier's right to a furlough. If a soldier asks that he be allowed to go home and see his sick wife, his commanding officer may be the most kindly man in the army but he wants to be sure, nevertheless, that the story told him is the truth and that the necessity really exists. He may send the trooper to the Red Cross office. It is an easy matter, with the extent and complete- ness of the Red Cross organization, for the Home Service man to get word from the home town of the soldier as to the facts, and these he is willing to give to the com- manding officer. INFORMATION NoT PRYING. Home Service sections do not investigate in the sense that they betray family secrets or pry into the lives of soldiers’ families for the purpose of judging their characters. They do not make recommendations. But they can often confirm the story of a sol- dier who is anxiously waiting for permission to go home and visit someone who needs his presence and they are glad to do so. More- over, Home Service can often be of some help that the soldier and his family will appreciate. - Home Service representatives are also in the naval stations. Another extension of the work must nec- essarily come in the towns near camps, can- tonments and naval stations. Every such town has its own Home Service Section if it has a Red Cross chapter, but it has been found that the great influx of soldiers' and sailors’ families, following their men in order to be near them, has burdened the local Red Cross workers beyond their capacity. The congestion of Washington itself in war time Helpless Mother of Soldier Protected Against Heartless Landlady Interference by the Home Service section of a New Jersey Red Cross chapter re- cently restored an old and helpless woman to her home and secured the indictment of her landlady under the Civil Rights Act, the law passed to protect the relatives of soldiers. When her son was drafted she applied at once to the Home Service office and was promised whatever help might be necessary. Within a few days she came again to the office. Her landlady, from whom she had rented a small apartment for nine years, had given her notice to move. In the mean- time she had written to her son and he had come home from a nearby camp, absent without leave and in danger of being taken as a deserter. He had left camp because his mother’s letter had convinced him that she needed help, and he had come home to help her if he could. A lawyer, a member of the Home Service section, persuaded the Son to return to camp in time to save him from the heavy penalty which he might have Suffered. He assured the soldier that his mother would be protected and as a first step in that work got a continuance of the notice compelling her to vacate. BARRED FROM HER Home. A few days later when the woman re- turned to her home at night, after visiting a neighbor, she found the doors fastened with new locks. Her landlady had moved her furniture to a storage house and had put new locks on the doors. As a result of the presentation of these facts to the court the landlady was put under bond of $1,000 and the case was re- manded to the Supreme Court for Septem- ber. Under the Civil Rights Bill, passed by Congress to protect the men in service and their dependents the landlady had no right to take such action so long as the facts pre- Sented in court had established the fact that the absence of the woman's son made it im- possible for her to meet her obligations. is matched only by the congestion of some of these smaller camp towns. Families which come there in spite of warnings from the government find living extremely difficult. It is to meet all such problems that the Home Service men in camps and in camp towns are extending their organization and perfecting the machinery of Home Service over the country. . . 8 } N T H E R E D C H C S S B U L L E T CLOTHING DRIVE AT HAND Second Campaign in Behalf of the Suf- fering People of Belgium to Begin Next Monday and Continue for the Week—Appeal by Red Cross Chair- man in Response to Call The second clothing drive for the benefit of the people of Belgium will start on September 23, and continue for one week. This drive is to be conducted by the Ameri- can Red Cross, at the request of the Belgium Relief Commission. Five thousand tons of clothing is the minimum amount the Red Cross hopes to ship to these people as a result of this drive. An equal amount was collected in the clothing campaign last March and for some time past has been in the pro- cess of distribution in Belgium and Northern France, but at least as much more is needed, according to Herbert C. Hoover, chairman of the Commission for the Relief of Belgium. In an appeal to the American people for a hearty response to this worthy call, Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, says in part: “Back of the German wall that for four years has hemmed in brave little Belgium and her neighbors in Northern France, 10,000,000 human beings look to us for cloth- ing as well as food. Even the well-to-do lack necessities, and the poor are in the direst need. All stocks of clothing and raw material have long since been exhausted. There has been no commercial imports since the first devastation of the country. The quantity of materials that the Commission for Relief has been permitted to import for manufacture into clothing has never been sufficient, and now the world is short both of clothing and raw material. We cannot pur- chase what is needed. “But you can give it. CLOTHEs FROM FLoun SACKs. “Every household in the land has some spare clothing, worn or outgrown, of little value here, but desperately needed by the destitute there. They have been reduced to fashioning garments from flour sacks, old blankets, sheets, and tablecloths, which have now almost disappeared, and shoes from scraps of carpet and jute sacks. Today it costs eight dollars to have a pair of shoes resoled. For bedding, sacks stuffed with dry leaves or moss serve as mattresses. Every- where the need for blankets is tremendous. Hospitals and other institutions suffer for want of sheets. In some places whole fam- ilies sleep together to share a single blanket. “To relieve a plucky and long-suffering nation we must open up our stores of partly used clothing. The value of these supplies is inestimable. Your unused garments will clothe our oppressed allies as human beings should be clothed, save them from suffering, disease and death by protecting them against the cold and raw winters of northern Europe.” Garments of every kind, for both sexes, and all ages, are needed, according to the appeal. Also piece goods which can be made into sheets, blankets, and baby clothes. Only garments of strong materials will be accepted. Apparel of flimsy material or fancy clothing will not be taken. Prospec- tive donors are reminded it will not be necessary to mend the garments as the re- pair work will give employment to the thou- sands of destitute women in the occupied regions. Collections will be made through the chap- ters of the Red Cross. The drive will be from Monday to Monday inclusive. * North Carolina Town Shows the Real Red Cross Spirit Goldsboro, North Carolina, is a town of about 6,000 inhabitants, where patriotism is genuine and so directed as to produce the most effective results. Red Cross canteen work was taken up with enthusiasm and en- ergy and performed most satisfactorily, but it was soon found that the opportunities to render canteen service were infrequent and uncertain, due to the location of Goldsboro on the railroads. Realizing that the funds which they had collected for canteen work were not going to produce their full value if kept at Goldsboro, the committee placed a check for $500 in the hands of the Ral- eigh Canteen Committee, to be used as they thought best in their work. The work of the Raleigh Canteen Com- mittee has been exceedingly efficient. It has grown rapidly in the few months of its ex- istence, so that two large buildings have re- cently been constructed to take care of the passing soldiers, sailors and marines. One of these is equipped with showers for 200 men at a time, and is constantly in use. The other is fitted up as a rest-room, and con- tains writing tables, stationery, comfortable chairs and lounges, magazines and news- papers. It has been used at times as an outdoor dining-room, where ice-cold water- melons are carved up by the hundred to re- fresh the travel-tired men. During one- half month the hundred members of this Canteen committee served thousands of men at an average cost of four and one-third cents per man. With good management and foresight they have succeeded in providing good cheer to all the men who stopped at Raleigh. - TO MAKE NURSING SURVEY Available Resources of Entire Country to be Ascertained Through Red Cross Organization, at Request of the Gov- ernment — Safeguarding of Civilian Population. One of Objects Sought With more than 18,000 nurses withdrawn from the communities for war service, either here or abroad, and the necessity for withdrawing as many more during the next few months, has come the need for more complete information concerning the nursing resources of the country. - - The Secretary of War and the Surgeon General of the Army have requested the Red Cross to take such steps as will be necessary to obtain this information, and plans are already under way for making a nation-wide survey of the available supply of nurses in the United States. This sur- vey has been planned primarily as a means of intelligently directing the withdrawal of nurses for the Army and Navy Corps, but is also intended as a safeguard for the health of the civilian population. Only by equal distribution, can the nursing resources of the country be conserved, and an effi- cient policy in supplying the nurses be pur- sued. • . CHAPTERs SURVEY AGENTs. The survey will be made through the agency of the Red Cross chapters, under the direction of the division managers and national headquarters. plete classification of the nursing resources of the United States, and will include grad- uate nurses, registered and unregistered, undergraduates, pupil nurses, nurses’ aides, and that large class of women who are so- called semi-trained nurses. Under this last group come trained attendants, midwives and practical nurses. - Frederick D. Munroe, of the Bureau of Survey, in the Department of Nursing, will direct the survey, with the cooperation of . Jane A. Delano, director of the Depart- ment of Nursing of the Red Cross. The Red Cross must know the available supply , of nurses, if they are to assign twenty-five thousand nurses to military hospitals by January 1, 1919, and a possible 40,000 by July 1, of next year. - - The survey means, in brief, the conserva- tion of our nursing forces by equal distribu- tion. The duty of registering is as incum- bent upon nurses as military duty is to men, and the need for them is as urgent. Sixteen day-nurseries are being estab- lished in the rice district near Milan, Italy. It will be a com— LLETIN AMERICAN RED CROSS gºt LIBRaw, washingtoN, D. c. G Vol. If () CW A \ovº SEPTEMBER 28, 1918 *A No. 39 busy suMMERF&NMEgº" CROSS BOYS AND GIRLS Members of Junior Organization Put in Vacation Doing Many Useful Works and Preparing for Activities During the Coming Winter – Red Cross work to Be Part of School Curricula at Reopening for Fall Term. The Junior Red Cross reports a busy summer. A great many schools remained open from three to five days a week for Red Cross work, and hundreds of teachers volunteered to direct the groups in sewing, knitting and making Red Cross house furni- ture. The children of the Northern Division turned out 29,420 garments and 50,050 sºr- gical dressings. In the Pacific Division fur- niture for four more convalescent houses was completed. Where the schools could not remain open, the Juniors worked in municipal play grounds or under the direction of a chapter worker. In Columbus, Ohio, Leesville, La., and many other places, the children had their “very own” headquarters and work shop, donated by a friendly citizen. HELPING To SUPPLY Food. * - War gardens and potato, corn, pig and chicken clubs, have been widely patronized as summer occupations. Along country lanes and on city lots, many a thrifty vegetable patch displays a red cross, “planted” in the center; while many a placid porker is un- consciously preparing to contribute to the “cause of humanity.” The livestock is to be sold for the school fund, and the garden truck is either sold or turned over to munic- ipal canning stations. The Fitchburg High School girls produced two acres of vege- tables for the local canning station, while the boys of the same school raised 60 pigs. In the northwest, the girls harvested berries in the Puyallup Valley region, and the boys spent their vacation in the fish canneries or herding sheep and cattle. - Exhibits of Junior work and Red Cross pageants marked the closing of the play- grounds, and Junior Red Cross booths were a familiar sight in the county fairs. The children also have been busy through- out the summer raising money to launch the winter's work. Pay entertainments, Red Cross plays, and the sale of vegetables and live stock, have produced many dollars to buy “the makings” of refugee garments and Red Cross furniture. Allotments of supplies for the field medi- cal supply depot of the Army and for Red Cross furniture have just been issued by the National Committee on Boys’ Work. They comprise 240,212 articles, to be completed by December 1. The majority of the schools, just opening, are incorporating Junior Red Cross work in their curricula. The National Education Association “particularly commended the pa- triotic service of the Junior Red Cross” in resolutions passed at its annual convention. Sisters of Red Cross Hero Give Ser- vices to the Cause Devotion to the grand cause which finds service under the Red Cross emblem is strikingly exemplified in the case of two young women who are about to leave their home in America to take up work in Italy. They are the Misses Electa Eliza and Laura Mary McKey, sisters of Lieutenant Edward M. McKey, who lost his life while in the discharge of his duties as commander of a Red Cross rolling canteen on the Piave bat- tle line in June last. The Misses McKey are enlisted in the American Red Cross service for Italy and are assigned to social service work. The spirit in which they have met their great personal loss means much to the Red Cross organization, and it is the sincere wish that in the new work they have undertaken they will find the greatest consolation. For Transportation in Italy At the request of the Commission for Italy, the War Council has appropriated $350,000 to cover the additional cost of the Italian section of transportation to the end of the current year. The Commission for Italy has found it necessary to purchase seven additional touring cars, forty-five ad- ditional camions and twenty motorcycles. Owing to the uncertainties of transportation by rail in Italy during the coming winter, and because of the growing work of the American Red Cross, it has been absolutely necessary to provide independent facilities for moving the goods required for relief. COMMISSION FOR GREECE SOON TO BE ON ITS WAY Organization Completed, With Prof. Capps of Princeton University, in Command—Leaders in Business and Professional Life and Experts in Spec- ial Lines of Work Embraced in Per- sonnel—Will Aid Refugees. Organization of the American Red Cross Commission for Greece has been completed, and the commission will leave for its base at Athens immediately. There will be up- wards of seventy persons in the party of workers—clerical help, drivers and me- chanics, stenographers, etc., in addition to the commissioners and medical staff. Relief work in Greece will be of special interest to the people of this country be- cause there is a Greek army in the allied lines. There will be a wide field for activity as a result of the large number of refugees driven from Macedonia and Asia Minor by the Turks. Greece has had heavy burdens to bear, but the Red Cross machinery now is set to lighten them. -*. . . . . The commission will be headed by Pro- fessor Edward Capps, a graduate of Yale, who now holds the chair of Greek at Prince- ton University and is regarded as a fore- most authority on Grecian affairs. OTHERs on CoMMISSION. Alfred F. James, president of the north- western National Insurance Company, of Milwaukee, will go as deputy commissioner in charge of business affairs. Mr. James has been chairman of the Milwaukee chapter of the Red Cross for the past two years. Dr. Samuel J. Walker, of St. Luke's Hos- pital, Chicago, will be the medical member of the commission. He is one of the leaders in his profession. With Professor Capps he has been identified with work in connec- tion with the junior Plattsburg camps. Horace Oakley, of Chicago, a member of the law firm of Wood and Oakley, is the other deputy commissioner. He will look after the legal matters connected with the commission's activities. … . . * * * The commission goes equipped for both military and civilian relief work and will be accompanied by experts in various lines, (Concluded on page 6.) 2 - T H E H E D C R O S S B U L i. ET IN Resolutions of Appreciation in Ac- knowledgment of Richelieu Grand Gold Medal Following the letter of some weeks ago from the Ambassador of France, announcing the bestowal of the Richelieu Grand Medal on the American Red Cross, by the Acad- emie Francaise, formal notification of that action has been received by the War Council from Maurice Herbette, minister of Foreign Affairs of the French Republic. The medal is fifty-six millimeters in diameter, bears the effigy of the Cardinal de Richelieu and re- produces the seal of the Academie, engraved by Warin in 1635. & Appreciation of this signal honor on the part of the American Red Cross and a re- newed pledge of assistance to the French people are set forth in the following reso- lution adopted by the War Council at one of its latest meetings: *. “Voted, That the War Council of the American Red Cross have received with pro- found gratification, the announcement con- tained in the note from M. Maurice Her- bette, Delegate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the American Red Cross, that the French Academy, in recognition of the services which the American Red Cross has been privileged to render in France, has awarded to the American Red Cross the famous Richelieu Medal, hitherto reserved to commemorate the services of individuals, especially writers, who have died for France, and now for the first time awarded to a for- eign institution, and as a further gracious mark of consideration, for the first time struck in gold instead of the customary bronze. . . • 3. RENEwAL of PLEDGE. “This testimonial of good-will from the distinguished French Academy is most grate- ful to the American Red Cross, which, while conveying, through the War Council, this expression of its appreciation for the dis- tinction conferred upon it, takes the occasion to renew its pledge to France, through the honorable French Academy to do all that may lie within its power and resources to cooperate with the devoted, brave and gen- erous French people, military and civilian, in the struggle for the maintenance of that principle of liberty, to which both France and the United States are dedicated, and for the security of which the armies of the two sister Republics are fighting side by side on the sacred soil of France.” In Red Cross Hospital No. 2 in France, there is a corps of bacteriologists who are making valuable researches for the benefit of the army. - :; : | & @ : © i & : º ©. . : . : © º 3. © © 49 © 3. $ © 3. & 3. Kº º º © ©. § 3. : -45 © & © & © & 39 . º<ºX : i $. i 3. © © . 3. © ; & : 3. © © 3. & 3. § © : 3. : . © & 3. © © © & © $ © Ç ; C © : 3. 6 © § º © © . § 6. © © 3. © © © 3. $ º 3, $ © © : : & & © 5. : 3.§ : : & 3. : : : : $. :* : & ONLY A SCRAP OF PAPER— BUT, OH, WHAT IT MEANS! |NGLISHMEN can hurry | with a skill and an effi- |ciency that takes even an º, American’s breath away. When it comes to their fighting men they break all speed records. Thou- sands of men have died in the mud of Flanders—thousands have been wounded and sent home—but thou- sands have had to lie in those “Halls of Glory,” the base hospitals behind the lines; and suffer—be- yond the conception of any man— before the tide turns back towards life, or slips out in the gray dawn of Flanders, never to flow back. And the British fight to save those suffering men just as stubbornly as they fight to beat the enemy be- yond the heavy canonading a few kilometers away. As these men suffer and fight for life in the long white wards, they need so many things to help; and often it is just someone they love to touch, to smile at, to take hold on life once more—to wake up after moaning intervals of unconsciousness and find Her sitting close to the narrow bed, smiling at you—and it is done just as quickly as that. After the doctor’s rounds, he sends a telegram asking Her to come to such-and-such a base hos- pital to see Private —. That very evening, perhaps, in Devon, when the sun sinks low, a small boy comes running and puffing up the lane waving the precious paper; the door under the thatch stands open. She is there, waiting, as the women are waiting the world over today and the message says “Come.” That is all she needs—that telegram is pass-port, railroad ticket, bus-fare, channel crossing, entrance to the war-zone, space on troop-train, pass into that long, low building where her “love lies bleeding.” Yes, it’s a wonderful high-way the British build from the aching white ward in Flanders to the cot- tage in Devonshire. Just a telegram —no bewildering officials, no hours of waiting outside important doors —just a telegram; and the next evening at sunset, She is sitting by her man in Flanders as he sleeps for the first time because the tide has turned. just a thin bit of blue paper— just a telegram. - JUNE RICHARDSON"LUCAs &º sº. 2&. .º.º. º. 6. 39. *...*...*...* *…*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*. $...&A. &. & *...*.S.--&-28.2°. Af 3&ººººººººººººº-º-º-º-º-º: i º,sº : & : © i i *: 3. * & 49. & ë & 3. 3. & 3. .. ; & . 3. © * 3. $. $ 4. . :& : : ©. 3. $ £ & 3. 39 º º 3. : & 3. . ; 3. $ 3. : : : º “C ; : § : & . ; i *; <> © : : 3. 3. & © 3. © © 3. 3 ; $ © : : & © .. : & © 3. º © . : 6. © & ? © <> & 3. *: $ § * 3. 3. & & 3. . ; 3. : 3. © ; : 3. & $ s - *...* .*.*.. *...*.*.*.*.*.*. *********º-º-º-º:**gºe ~ Army and Navy Nurses, if Captured, to be Supported by Red Cross as Long as Necessary If any Army or Navy nurses are cap- tured by the Germans, the American Red Cross will support them during captivity. This decision follows closely upon the an- nouncement that, under the law the pay of Army nurses, if captured, can not be con- tinued because they are not technically on duty. The Red Cross will undertake to supply to captured American nurses not only food and clothing, but necessary money to pay their board, if the German prison camps treat them as officer's rank and require them to pay for board and lodging or go to work. . Miss Jane A. Delano, director of the De- partment of Nursing, in discussing this ac- tion, said: “Because the absence of a law providing for the continuance of pay during captivity of any Army and Navy nurse might exercise an important deterrent effect upon the enrollment of nurses for the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, it was deemed best for the Red Cross to take this action, so that no nurse might hesitate to enroll for military duty for fear that if captured she would be absolutely dependent for every- thing upon those in charge of German prisons. This action, I regard as merely a temporary expedient, as it is inconceivable that anything that will delay enlistment of nurses to care for our sick and wounded will not receive the immediate attention of the government. The Army and Navy Corps is too essential a part of the military organi- zation to permit the welfare of the nurses to be neglected in any way. The authorities will undoubtedly adjust this situation speedily. While there is little likelihood that nurses will be captured, the Red Cross, until the technicality as to pay is adjusted, will see that any who are unfortunate enough to be taken do not lack for material com- fort or money in Germany.” Supplies for Palestine The sum of $31,250 has been appropriated by the War Council for the purchase of an assortment of supplies which are to be shipped to the Red Cross Commission for Palestine. Included in the list are six automobiles, a large quantity of linseed oil, thread, and 50,000 feet of lumber to be used for the building of shelters, and the con- struction of sanitary plants for supplying water. - An American ambulance occupies the hippodrome at Longchamp. - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 3 Red Cross Workers are Requested to Collect Platinum and Tin for Government Uses Red Cross workers throughout the coun- try are requested to devote part of their time to collecting platinum and tin for gov- ernment uses. The campaign is being under- taken at the request of the War Industries Board. Despite the wide gulf that has hitherto separated lowly tin from aristo- cratic platinum, these two extremes in metals are now brought to a common level. Five thousand more tons of tin than the customary sources can be expected to yield are required to meet the government needs, according to an estimate of the War Indus- tries Board. In a statement emphasizing the necessity for this metal the board points out that the entire industries of the country are dependent upon tin in some form or other; that it would be impossible to operate an ocean steamship or build a railroad car without it. Last year the world's output of tin was 124,423 tons, and of this amount the United States used 71,257 tons, or fifty-eight per cent of the entire production. RESERVE SUPPLY IMPERATIVE. The platinum shortage is not yet serious, but the government program makes it im- perative that the reserve supply be in- creased. As the production of platinum in Russia, the country which furnished the greater part of the world’s supply, has been abandoned because of the chaotic conditions, the government has deemed it advisable to appeal to individuals to help build up the platinum reserve. Platinum is needed in the making of contact points for tractors, trucks, automobiles, telegraph and telephone systems, wireless apparatus, and instru- ments for hospital and laboratory work. One ounce of the metal will make point for magnetos to operate 150 trucks or tractors. Red Cross workers are gathering tin foil of every kind, collapsible tubes—such as contain tooth paste, shaving soap and the like—and pewter articles. Tin cans, which contain only a trifling percentage of tin, are not included in the list. Each Red Cross chapter has been instructed to ship its tin in ton lots to the nearest member of a war service association of solder manufacturers. This association has agreed to buy all the tin collected. Chapters will be allowed to keep the proceeds of both tin and platinum sales, the chief concern of the Red Cross as a whole being that enough of the metals be collected to help reduce their shortage. Because much of the jewelry containing platinum has a sentimental value Red Cross workers have been instructed not to urge citizens to part with such articles. © 3. & * ſ i © © © * © © : : <> º 3. & © $ © @ © ; © & 6 : : º © 3. © © © 3. 3. © © 3. © © © © © © : i © º : : i :© $ 3. 3. & 3, 3. & & © $ ©:: :: & © &© © : © ; : 3. | | © º 3. Ç © © ; © 3. : © : § © 3.x sº © $' ºr ºve © º” “º © WHAT WAR RELIEF MEANS IN TERMS OF SUPPLIES }HE greatness of the Red Cross relief work -ºš throughout the many º & fields of its activity is tº difficult of portrayal. Its very greatness makes it hard to grasp. Impressing, to say the least, will be the statement which follows, showing some of the principal items in the list of Supplies the American Red Cross has sent to its commis- sions in foreign countries in the re- cent past. . It has shipped the following for invalid Italian and Serbian prison- ers of war, and for the Swiss Hos- pital for Tubercular Serbians: 235 cases of condensed milk 810 cases of jam 22,400 pounds of roast beef 192,000 pounds of flour 40,000 pounds of canned meat 38,000 pounds of sugar 28,000 pounds of rice 60,000 pounds of coffee 90,000 pounds of beans During the past two months the Red Cross has shipped 4,300 tons of foodstuff to Russia. Among the larger items were the following: . 109,500 cases of evaporated milk 280,000 pounds of oatmeal 60,000 pounds of toilet soap 4,000 cases of laundry soap 254,000 pounds of rice 152,000 pounds of chocolate and COCO3. 400,000 pounds of egg powder The balance of the shipment con- sisted of cornmeal, bacon, sugar, corned beef, preserves, canned goods, etc. During the past four months the Red Cross has distributed 63,000,- 000 yards of gauze, made up into bandages and surgical dressings, between France, England and Italy. During a similar period of time it has spent $500,000 for surgical in- struments, etc., for distribution in ©’Yes Saºzºa.º.º.º.º.º.º.º. &A_3, ...& O. 23., & 29, 23.2&_& S. 23, 29. ***** © Cº-ºxº (S sº 3& $º ******* @4X}(X ×g § these three countries, as follows: Surgical instruments. . . . . $100,000 Hospital furniture. . . . . . . 125,000 Disinfectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,000 Dental instruments. . . . . . 50,000 X-Ray equipment... . . . . . 15,000 Miscellaneous hospital equipment . . . . . . . . • * * * * 70,000 Perhaps the above figures will add to the fullness of view of those who would measure the extent of Red Cross relief along with its meaning. The statement presented, it should be remembered, shows only ship- ments made to part of the territory in which the American Red Cross is active. There is no mention, for instance, of the quantities of food & supplies used in connection with re- tº: g : ; § : lief work in France. . - 3. © 3. : © © . : 3. $ : *; 3. © © º . : : : : © ; 3. : i © : 3. 6. : i <> 3. © 3> : : qX * i : : <> º : i 3. © 39 & § © & © & : & º 3. & º 3. Ö, 3. : i @ © : <> : i & © : ; : 3. 49. § 3. & Şe º Porto Rican Red CrossChapter Goes Ahead by Leaps and Bounds— Home Service a Feature J. Hernandez Usera, Executive Secretary of the Home Service section of the Porto Rico Chapter of the American Red Cross, Writes to the editor of the BULLETIN to tell of the remarkable growth of the Porto Rico Chapter within the last three months. “We now have seventy-seven branches duly organized and doing splendid work,” writes Mr. Usera. “We have Seventy-six municipalities in Porto Rico against sev- enty-Seven branches. We have a branch in every municipality and one extra branch in Aguirre, which is part of the municipality of Salinas. - “The development of the Home Service Work has been very gratifying. We now have sixty-five Home Service committees in Sixty-five municipalities, and 12 committees in process of formation. Within two weeks (the letter was dated September 8) we ex- pect to have seventy-seven Home Service committees in Porto Rico. Two months ago we had none. “We have about 29,500 members of the American Red Cross in Porto Rico. We have 13,000 soldiers in Camp Las Casas, and 15,000 more have been called. The Home Service section throughout Porto Rico is taking care of the dependent families of soldiers in order that they may not suffer any needs on account of delay in the for- warding of checks for allowances and allot- ments.” Red Cross Men With Food and Drink on St. Mihiel Firing Line (Press Cablegram from Paris.) Red Cross men have not stopped their work in the St. Mihiel battle since the Americans opened their attack Thursday. They followed steadily behind the advanc- ing troops. - At a single point between daylight and nine p.m., 180 gallons of hot chocolate were served to the fighters. Elsewhere 120 gal- lons were served. - Six sacks of bread and cheese were dis- tributed. The Americans reached their ob- jectives hours ahead of schedule, after ten hours of fighting, and hot drinks were sent up to the front in the ambulances going for- ward to bring back the wounded. As the battle progressed, the American Red Cross organization moved ahead. Most division organizations moved up close to the § lines before the offensive began, ready to do se: their share. -. . 4 T H E R E D C F O S S B iſ , L E T N THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEAD QUARTERS : WASHINGTON, D. C. A National Officers Woodrow WILson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preside ºf Robert W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President JoBN SKELTon WILLIAMs . . . . . . . . . . . Trea rurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STockros Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ecretary \ , ; ; , WILLIAM HowARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIor WADsworth Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. Scott . General Manager * & : * ~ * * * * * * e e g º ºr * * * * Red Cross War Council BY APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED 8TATES HENRY P. Davison . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chairman GEoRGE B. CASE HARVEY D. GIBSON. John D. RYAN CoRNELIUg N. BLIss, JR. Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TArt * * * * * ELāor WADswokTH SEPTEMBER. 23, 1918. Every Member a Booster Every person who is now a member of the American Red Cross ought, without a moment's delay, to constitute himself or her- self an active committee of one, to help in- sure the success of the forthcoming Christ- mas Roll-Call. Offhand, the idea of making the Red Cross membership approximately the adult population of the country may sound more or less fanciful; but a little con- sideration will prove that it is nothing of the kind. - under the conditions that have developed is Universal Red Cross membership enrollment when the scarcely less believable than the of twenty-two million members mark was set at ten million. - Red Cross organization today in reality makes the The numerical greatness of the achievement aimed at much more than a mere possibility. The Red Cross is so great that no person, anywhere, ought to want to be on the outside of it. For that matter, it is taken for granted that no true American does deliberately want to be an outsider, be- cause the Red Cross spirit is the American Spirit; but no person ought to be allowed to overlook the opportunity which the Christ- mas Roll-Call will present for getting in. The millions of Red Cross “committees of one,” above indicated, can be of greatest help in preventing any careless overlooking of this opportunity. So start the ball rolling early. Keep sounding the glory of the Red Cross and the still greater glory of the universality of Red Cross membership. Let it ring in the ears of the American citizenry like a cathedral chime. The spirit being present, enthusiasm over the Roll-Call and the pride of every American in being a personal factor in a demonstration that shail thrill the civilized world will do the rest. Go to it with determination to “make it unanimous.” --v- Mr. Scott Made General Manager George E. Scótt, who has been serving as acting general manager of the American Red Cross since the departure of Harvey D. Gibson to assume charge of the Red Cross work in France, has been appointed general manager by the War Council. Mr. Scott is first vice-president of the American Steel Foundries, which has its main offices in Chicago, with nine plants located in different parts of the country. He came to the Red Cross as a full-time volunteer in The Nursing Survey A very important new duty has been im- posed on the Red Cross chapters throughout the country—cooperating with the members of the nursing profession—in the matter of the survey of the available supply of nurses in the United States. The situation—the welfare of our millions of fighting men and the safeguarding of the health of the civilian population—demands that this sur- vey shall be carried out with absolute thor- oughness. - Already the needs with regard to the nurs- ing service are very pressing, and there is no telling what the calls will be as the war continues. But whatever they may be they must be met. To meet them intelligently, and with most effectiveness and dispatch, it is primarily important that there be exact information relative to existing and pros- pective nursing resources. This information is what the survey through the agency of the Red Cross chapters, at the instance of the Secretary of War and government med- ical authorities, is designed to gather. Divided among the thousands of chapters the nation-wide work in hand ought to be completed with reasonable speed, and the re- sults should be all that the plan contem- plated in its projection. The registration of the women available for nursing service in any emergency or set of emergencies should be as general and complete in its way as the registration of men of fighting age under the draft regulations. It can be made to approach that completeness, at least, if the chapters perform their respective parts of the task with typical Red Cross enthusi- a.Siłł. - There scarcely can be a doubt that this enthusiasm will find expression, once the importance of the matter is brought forcibly to attention, June, 1917, just as the organization was be- ing extended and placed on a war time foot- ing. When the plans for decentralizing the Red Cross work were inaugurated, Mr. Scott was made director of Division Organization, and had charge of the organization of the fourteen divisions. - In January of the present year Mr. Scott was made assistant general manager, with added responsibilities. At different times, in the absence of Mr. Gibson, he was desig- nated acting general manager, and was given that title permanently just before Mr. Gibson Saiied for France. Headquarters Personnel Changes W. J. Hiss has been appointed assistant director-general of Military Relief, to suc- ceed Harry B. Wallace, of St. Louis, who resigned to take up work with the Red Cross Commission for France. Mr. Hiss will Serve as a full time volunteer. He was for- merly general manager of the Southwestern Bell Telephone Company of Missouri, and has been for many years connected with the telephone business. - - t Charles H. Blair, of the New York bank- ing firm of Smith and Gallatin, has been ap- pointed assistant to the director-general of Military Relief, a position just created. He also wiłł serve as a full time volunteer. Andrew J. Pizzini, who has been serving as acting director of the Bureau of Can- teen Service, has been appointed director. Mrs. C. K. Foster, of Chicago, will be acting superintendent of garments in the absence of Miss Taft during the next two months. She is a full time volunteer. Flags by the Million for Italy The stars and stripes are in tremendous demand in Italy. There has just come by cable from the Red Cross Commission for Italy a request for 1,800,000 American flags on sticks or pins, and for 10,000 yards of flag stripping. The request met prompt response on the part of the War Council, and 372,456.00 was appropriated for the purchase of the material now emblematic of Liberty's eause the world over, º 's- 2 º # Jº dº R E D C R O S S B J L L E TH y *** Rº: { •ºs --º-º: —ºrº, Nurses in Cantonment Hospitals . . . BY JANE A. DELANo, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. - (This is the eleventh of Miss Delano's arti- cles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) - Life for the nurses in the cantonment hos- pitals has its “ups and downs,” but the “downs” soon become “ups,” and they are a healthy, happy, busy group. At the time of the sudden outbreak of contagious diseases in the cantonments, dur- ing the winter of 1917 and 1918, it became necessary to greatly increase the number of nurses in the cantonment hospitals, and, in many cases, to assign nurses to duty be- fore complete arrangements could be made. This allowed time only for the roughest preparations to receive them, and, as one nurse expressed it, their first impression was rather “daunting.” Now all that is be- ing changed, and has given place to com- fortable quarters, provided by the Govern- ment, recreation and rest houses, built by the Red Cross, and entertainment when off duty. As IF USED TO BE. A letter received when the cantonment service first started, makes a most interest- ing contrast with present conditions. It telis of an empty barrack, with nothing but a cold stove in each room to greet the nurses who arrived sooner than they were expected. “Let me tell you though,” the letter adds, “no department store in dear, old New York ever delivered things more rapidly than the things were brought here. It seemed to us that our arrival set the camp stirring, and everybody was busy in our behalf. With- in a few hours, we had our beds complete, the most welcome thing to us just then. “At the time I’m writing, we have already our dining-room in shape, real table cloths, large arm-chairs, shades and dainty little curtains, and a clock, a very important ar- ticle at breakfast time. .* “In our rooms we have our dressers, little rugs, small rockers have arrived, shades and scrim curtains, all of which give them a very cozy appearance. We made our own fires in the stoves, but what of it, as long as we have the wood and coal to make the fire with, the rest is easy. I do not mind it, even though I do get a black spot on my clean uniform once in a while. However, we ex- pect soon to have our own cook and two maids to attend the nurses’ home. THz Lir: THAT Taunts. “To live and work here is a privilege, # means roughing end pioneering I admit, South,” where I had been assigned but that is what makes the work worth while. I often think that those who hesi- tated to respond to the Red Cross call for nurses should know what a great oppor- tunity they are missing. Personally I adore the life up here, and hope I may be able to stay a while. The nurses who are here now are the most charming group of women I have ever met, and they are all mighty proud to be here. I am wondering by what magic wand the Red Cross manages this se- lection of nurses, not knowing them per- sonally. The group here represents several states, many cities, and I do not know how many hospitals, and yet are a wonderful col- lection of young women, wholly congenial and in harmony. I only hope it may last. “I am writing this letter sitting on the porch, from where I can watch the drilling of men, marching and handling stretchers; running back and forth, very busy, is a small terrier, he's drilling too, of course.” CoMFORTS ARE PLANNED. The Red Cross has always considered the comfort of its nurses a matter of the ut- most importance, and have tried in every way to lessen the inevitable hardships of camp life. Many of the cantonments are a considerable distance away from city con- veniences, and seem very far, indeed, from home. One of the principal plans for their comfort took the form of recreation houses. In forty-two camps in the United States, these houses are now in process of construc- tion, and more than half of them have been completed and are in use. They are build- ings, one and a half stories high, containing a large assembly room, with a fire-place, a library, kitchen, a laundry, where small pieces can be done by the nurses themselves, a sun porch and screened porch. Upstairs there are two storage rooms and a sewing room, opening on a balcony, facing front. In some of the camps the ground floor has been divided into an assembly room and gymnasium, which can be thrown together. These are supplied with most of the com- forts of home by the Red Cross. - APPRECIATron BY NURSEs. How much the nurses appreciate what has been done for their comfort, and their pleas- ure in their work in the cantonment hos- pitals is shown in a letter received today from a nurse stationed at a camp “Some- where in Virginia.” . . “Wonderful, is it not, how quickly time passes?” the letter reads happily. “It is now over four months since I traveled from New York to this camp in the ‘Sunny by the ‘fates' that rule at Washington. “After the preliminary business of ar- rival and reporting myself to the chief nurse, I was taken to a long barrack-like building, and found a bed allotted to me in a dormitory with about fifty other nurses. The place was littered from end to end, or so it seemed to me, with trunks and grips, to say nothing about the beds themselves, some occupied by night nurses, trying to sleep, some by day nurses, reading, writ- ing, sewing, or resting. I could see no pos- sibility of the faintest trace of privacy, or any signs of water for washing purposes. We had rough wooden shelves to put our things on, and a few nails to hang our clothes on. When it stormed the rain came in upon us from the roof; when it blew, the sand came in and almost buried us, and the flies were a veritable plague. - As THINGS ARE Now. “But now, you ought to see how very mice our quarters are, all brand new and clean. I often look back and laugh to think of my chagrin and realize that it was not so bad as it seemed after all, and it was an experience that was good for me. - “Occasionally we nurses give a little dance, inviting all the officers of the camp. They in turn do the same for us. Once a week the officers of Camp H , not far from us, extend a general invitation to the nurses to a party at their camp and these are al- ways very agreeable affairs. A chaperon is appointed and the officers come over in autos to fetch the girls. We have our own bathing beach in the camp. Seats are al- ways reserved at the moving pictures and little entertainments given. So we get a little fun sometimes to leaven the working hours and give us relaxation. There is only one thing I need to give me perfect happi- ness, I will even forfeit a promised aero- plane ride, if only the powers that be, will give me my chance to go overseas,” and do my bit there. I am doing my bit cheerfully here, till my turn comes, but oh, dear, I do hope and every day pray that it will come soon.” - - SPIRIT of THE SERVICE. That’s the life our nurses in cantonments are living, and that is the spirit of their service,—“all in a day’s march,” cheerful to the end. While it is true that the Red Cross alone has furnished more than 17,000 graduate nurses to September 17, for war service both in this country and abroad, the needs of the army have not yet been met, and will increase if the war is to continue on its present scale. At least 9,000 additional nurses must be in service by January 1st, 1919, to meet the immediate needs of the army, and it is estimated that 25,000 more graduate nurses and student nurses in the Army School of Nursing, will be needed by July 1st, 1919. T H E R F D C Ross B U L L E T IN Interesting Special Features of American Red Cross Work in France This Story Tells of the Newspaper and Magazine Distribution wººgºsºsº. WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY IN FRANCE.-- One of the biggest newspaper and magazine distributing agencies in France today is the American Red Cross. From the American soldier on the fire step in the front line trench to the convalescents in the hos- pitals in the south of France, this agency SèI'VeS. Its methods of distribution are varied. Mules, horses, auto trucks, ambulances and couriers are all a part of the Red Cross system of furnishing news of the outside world to the American soldiers in France. Probably no other allied soldier has the same desire for a newspaper that the Amer- ican fighting man has. Perhaps this is be- cause no other nation has furnished its people with the highly developed type of press that has grown up in America. A daily newspaper is missed as much in the trenches as it would be at a well regulated American family’s breakfast table. Is GREAT CLEARING House. Statistics are boresome, and the censor views all definite figures with suspicion, but it seems safe to say that the American Red Cross is a clearing house for hundreds of thousands of daily papers each week, and many thousand magazines. A good many of these papers are European newspapers printed in English, to which the Red Cross is the largest single subscriber, while the others are Sunday and daily papers sent from America. The Red Cross makes every effort to get these daily editions of the English Euro- pean papers to the men in the front line as soon as possible. They are dispatched from Paris by rail to different Red Cross ware- houses and stations near the front. From these they are taken into the front line by whatever transportation means are most available. It's an interesting sight to watch the daily papers arrive at the borders of No Man's Land. “Papers coming up” is the word passed along. The men off fire step duty gather in the dugouts and read over one. another’s shoulder, because it is not prac- ticable to send papers enough for every man. So, a newspaper is never destroyed until all in the sector has scanned it. With the arrival of the daily paper, the war is temporarily forgotten, baseball re- sults, and general news from home occupy- ing the soldier's attention. More or less discussion follow the reading, and the sol- dier's mind gets a good rest from front line nerve strain. In the hospital the distribution is more regular. Cross workers, generally a woman, “peddles the papers” through the wards. Every week a magazińe distribution is made, and at the base hospitals where there are Red Cross recreation huts, a circulating library of the latest and best books as well as standard fiction and fact are at the disposal of the American patients. With this read- ing material at hand the bed ridden or con- valescent patient is enabled to while away many tiresome, and what might be brood- ing, hours. *—º. way- Transportation Needs Growing To meet the rapid development and urgent needs of the Red Cross transportation serv- ice in France, the War Council has author- ized the purchase, for immediate shipment, of two hundred two-ton trucks, with army bodies, together with 20 per cent spare parts and an extra supply of tires sufficient for one year's continuous operation, at a total cost—including $20,000 for boxing—of $884,340. Field Kitchens for France The sum of $153,000 has been appropriated by, the War Council for the purchase of two hundred army field kitchens, furnished with ranges constructed in collapsible form and packed in chests, to meet a cabled request from the Red Cross Commissioner for France. The delivery of these kitchens for shipment will be secured within the next three weeks. Red Cross Commission for Greece (Concluded from page 1.) Among the personnel not already mentioned are the following: Dr. Carl E. Black, Jacksonville, Ill.; Charles B. Gibson, sanitary expert, Chicago; Arthur S. Bedell, laboratory man, Albany, N. Y.; Dr. W. S. Clark, dentist, Greenfield, Mass.; Redden W. Adams, pharmacist, Bos- ton, Ga.; Dr. C. P. Hopkins, soil expert, University of Illinois, and G. W. Barnes, president of the War Camp Community Service, and "Alfred W. Wells, banker, of Boston, civilian and military relief workers. The American Red Cross has given $20,- 000 to the Child Welfare Bureau of the city of Paris, to be divided among the 180 bureaux operating in this service. Every morning one of the Red : —a-—— And This Depicts the Use to Which Famous Casinos Are Put (Special Correspondence from Paris.) There are no prettier or more artistically decorated movie houses in America than the theaters which the American Red Cross has requisitioned at two famous French summer resorts for the entertainment of American wounded soldiers convalescing there. One is a replica on a smaller scale of the interior of the renowned Grand Opera The- ater in Paris, while the other is noted for the beauty of its water-color paintings and the thousands of lights so installed as to make it a veritable fairyland. Every after- noon and evening the Red Cross presents several reels of motion pictures for the American fighting men recovering from their battle scars. In both places the theaters are located in the famous casinos or gambling palaces, which, before the war, was one of the chief attractions at these watering places. The chairs are upholstered in deep red velvet, and draperies of the same material decorate the entrances and the loges. Built and fur- nished to cater to the royalty and wealth of Europe, these theaters are now crowded every day with men of the American Expe- ditionary forces. Boys WANT AMERICAN Fun. Where once these halls reverberated with applause for some famous artist, they now ring with good, hearty American laughter at the antics of Charlie Chaplin or Fatty Arbuckle. The American soldier in France, especially if he is a hospital patient, desires first of all to be amused. He wants some- thing to laugh at, and there are no comedians who will satisfy this desire as quick as American ones. The Red Cross now has a film service for these theaters, and its recreation huts at other base hospitals that rivals some of the movie circuits at home. At first only one show a day was presented, but the demand for this movie entertainment has grown so that now it presents two and sometimes three performances during an afternoon and evening. One evening spent with these battle-scared American fighting men at either of these two beautiful theaters would leave no room for doubt in the minds of the forty millions of Americans supporting the American Red Cross as to the value of their efforts, THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Six Days from the Diary of a Red Cross Canteen Worker in France pºosetºw----ºft [From the Paris edition of THE RED CEoss Burirrts.] Monday: I was invited to lunch in a vil- lage just north of E—. While walking out there we were passed by a continuous stream of troops. I recognized them, some of them at least, as attacking troops. Five gen- erals passed us in the space of twenty min- utes. Suddenly made up my mind that this was not a day for a luncheon party. Edith said I was scared when I suggested that we had better go back. But we went back. Worked that night at the canteen from seven until midnight and then decided to go to the hospital. Heard the wounded had been coming in all the evening. That night I found nothing to do as the chief doctor was too busy to suggest anything and I did not like to go ahead without some permis- sion. Tuesday: At half-past eight in the morn- ing I reached the hospital again. The doc- tor in charge asked me if I had any nurs- ing experience. Hadn’t. He told me there was nothing I could do, but I went on into the wards. What did the doctor mean that there was nothing to do? The men were hungry, had not eaten for days, some of them. In the sixth ward I met the Red Cross chief of the district. He rushed down on me. “How long have you been in town?” he asked. “Eight months,” I told him. “Take this,” he said, handing me 2,000 francs, “and go and buy food and rolling chairs. There isn’t one here.” The wounded were still coming; horribly wounded. Many of them lay on stretchers on the grounds in front of the hospital. I went out to look for some American ambulance boys who had been in the district for several months, boys that were big-hearted Americans and always ready to help. Met some girls from the British Army ambulance, splendid girls. They volunteered to help. I did not dare to use our camion because we had only enough gasoline left for evacuating purposes, and couldn’t get any more just then. Down town I bought five hundred francs worth of eggs. We took them to the canteen and hard-boiled them all. Made up our first load of one hundred litres of coffee and one hundred litres of chocolate, several hundred hard-boiled eggs, jelly sandwiches, ham sand- wiches and boxes of condensed milk, which we thinned with hot water for the men too sick to take coffee or chocolate. Left some girls at the canteen cooking and making *sandwiches. Two men cut ham and bread for twenty-four hours at a stretch. No one had a chance to change her clothes. Snatch a few minues sleep when your legs give way and your eyes wont stay open. Wednesday: Went to the canteen four times to replenish supplies. Three men out in front of the hospital were wounded by shrapnel. Germans shelled the railroad track and cut off transportation. Helped wash some of the wounded. Took every bit of my nerve. Blood is ghastly and I know what blood-sickness means now. Edith stayed all night in the operating room. Two English doctors arrived. God bless 'em. Germans hit the hospital at N– Went over there also and found two wounded men that had not had any attention whatsoever. One had a shot near his spine, the other in the stomach. Asked the doctor if he could oper- ate or they would die. Said he could not get around to them for hours. I said they would not live hours. He said there were others in the same fix. American ambulance boy took me back to our hospital. Asked one of the British doctors there. He couldn’t come to the other hospital but said if I would get them over to this hospital he would give them the next turn. American ambulance boys brought them over. One— the one with the bullet near his spine— op- erated on for three hours. But I could never find him again in the constantly changing crowd. Don’t know if he died. Never saw the other boy again either, but heard he got through and was sent south. Thursday: Frightfully tired. Suppose I must have slept some but don’t know when or where. Went four times after food. Sol- diers marvelously patient. Some of them groaned but not many. Two nurses from Verdun arrived. Things beginning to get a little organized. Don’t understand how those girls can stay in the operating room night after night. But a crisis makes people do things they never knew they could do. The German shells still whistle over but they haven’t hit this hospital yet. Must be an accident. Wrote ten letters for ten poor devils who may never even dictate another letter. Wonder why I haven’t cried once. Friday: We won’t be here long. Will they ever get the wounded away. Don’t see how I can go if they don’t and yet.... The Boches are bombing from four A. M. all the time. Mostly the railroad. My boss said she had a room in a champagne cellar and I must sleep there. Wrote some more letters and helped in the operating room. Don’t know how I stood it. No one seems to give orders or take them. Everybody does what is at hand. Some one asks you to do some- thing and you do it. No one asks you if you know how. You do it the best way you can, At Hight couldn’t stand up hardly. Followed the road up the hill and slept in a blanket just a few yards away from a gun. Saturday: Evacuating thank God. Feel hollow inside and haven’t the strength of a fly. Eaten nothing but hard-boiled eggs for a week. Loaded into a camion. Went to C , took off my clothes and went to bed. Feel at last as if I had done something. Keep thinking of the boy with the bullet near his spine. Is he alive or dead? Want to get back to the same work when I get rested enough. Old Mammy's Letter from France A Home Service worker traveling in the South wrote to a friend this account of one experience: “We saw a colored woman in North Caro- litia who was born in slavery, and had never in all her life gone farther than ten miles from home, where she still lives with her old mistress. Neither woman ever married, and they have shared the same bed-room as mistress and servant for years. She is bent and white-haired and feeble, but with her gnaried hands she has just learned to knit. “Between the intervals of hobbling pain- fully back and forth between kitchen and dining-room she has managed to knit wash- cloths for the Red Cross. They went to France, with her name and address attached, and the Soldier who got one of them wrote her a letter of thanks. She can not read, but the letter has been read to her so many times that she knows it by heart; and it is the proudest moment in her day when she can produce it from the bosom of her dress, where she always carries it, and tell you just what it says.” Laying in Stock of Fords The Red Cross War Council has author- ized the purchase of 750 Ford touring cars and 1,000 Ford chasses, as a reserve stock, in view of the discontinuance of the manu- facture of such cars and chasses after Jan- uary 1, 1919. During the current year the Red Cross has purchased between 900 and 1,000 Ford cars and approximately an equal number of chasses for truck and camion purposes. While all present requisitions from foreign commissions have been cared for, motor equipment of the type mentioned is so important in all Red Cross relief work that it was deemed expedient to have a re- serve stock on hand to meet coming needs. The cost of cars and chasses, including transportation to seaboard, will be $850,000. 8 REPORT ON THE CIVILIAN RELIEF WORK IN FRANCE Amounts Already Expended and Appro- priations Made to Cover Activities to End of Present Year Total More than Seventy Million Dollars — Relief of Refugees and Reconstruction in De- vastated Areas are Largest Items. The following is authorized by the Red Cross War Council: “The War Council of the American Red Cross today issues another instalment of its report to the American people concerning the use already made and now being made of the Red Cross War Fund. This particu- lar instalment covers work done among the civilian population in France and its cost since the beginning of the war and shows the appropriations made for the period from July 1 to December 31, 1918; together with the appropriations for the Supply, Trans- portation, Women’s Hospital Service and 6ther bureaus. “In earrying out its work in France, the American Red Cross, in all its activities, had expended up to July 1, 1918, the sum of $36,618,682.78. Of this amount the sum of $15,453,049.87 was apportioned to relief work among the soldiers and strictly military ac- tivities. The balance of $21,160,632.86 was apportioned to relief work among refugees, reclaiming of devastated areas, the fight against tuberculosis, operating expenses and other expenses that have to do with the civil population. SIX MoMTHS’ BUDGET. “The demands for the six months ending December 31, 1918, have been greater than for any similar period, and an appropria- tion therefore has been made for this period - amounting to $34,582,827.57, of which $20,- 753,410.01 is for relief among refugees, re- habilitation of devastated areas, the fight against tuberculosis, operating expenses and other civil relief activities. Thus the entire sum expended and appropriated for relief work in France from the beginning of the war to December 31, 1918, will amount to more than $70,000,000. “The two largest items of expenditure in the work among the civilians has been for relief work and reconstruction of villages invºhe devastated areas and the relief of thousands of refugees from areas occupied by the German armies. These two items alone aggregate $5,557,605.75. “In view of recent military events, where- by additional large devastated areas have been reclaimed from the foe, expenditures along similar lines undoubtedly will be greatly increased during the next few ‘i’ H E …” 2. --- Fºr g f * > * # H. H. E. T. months. Also there probably wiłł be greater demand upon the Red Cross in caring for American sick and wounded and in supply- ing necessities and comforts to the men in camp, * is DIVIDUAL AND ARMY MoHALE. “In order to maintain the moraie in the army at the front it is necessary to main- tain the morale of the individual and the American Red Cross is working with this end in view. Destitute refugees in France March 1, 1917, numbered 400,000. These have been provided for. “The third big item for which a liberal appropriation was demanded of the Red Cross was for a campaign against tuberculo- sis. Up to June 30, 1918, the appropriation for this purpose was $2,147,327. A com- plete survey of tuberculosis hospitals in France shows that 76 have been completed. Requisitions for goods have been approved for 96 provisional hospitals containing 5,610 beds and all of which will be in operation by fall. As against the appropriation up to June 30, the appropriation for the six 'months ending December 31, amounts to $2,582,456.14 “For the care of the childrei; in France, up to June 30, the sum of $1,149,129.70 was provided. The appropriation for the cur- rent six months totals $2,775,877.19. “For the work of caring for refugees the sum of $6,212,280.70 has been set aside. The fund for the rehabilitation of villages in the devastated area totals $1,094,912.28. RE-EDUCATIONAL WORK. “The Red Cross has devoted considerable time and money to the work in the United States of the re-education of those who have been mutilated either as soldiers or as non- combatants. The appropriation for this pur- pose is $256,438.60. A kindred activity, through the Society of Friends, has been supported to the extent of $187,552.63. The donation last year to the Woman's Relief Corps in France amounted to $263,245.61. “The number of Red Cross workers in France is approximately 3,000 persons. The cost of operating has been handled so that the various items of operating expenses are kept in one account. - “In the matter of transportation the ap- propriation for civilian and military pur- poses under this heading, including equip- ment, for the current six months totals $2,- 055,767.54. - - “The section of purchases, comprising warehousing, rent, labor and shipping, amounts to $258,947.37. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL GIFTs. “The section of donations has to do with gifts of medical supplies, surgical instru- ments and modern sanitary equipment to .# J. r_< x . . . x * and at bases. The expenditures for these purposes for the six months ending De- cember 31 will amount to $4,385,964.91. “The expenses, of the bureau of medical and surgical information service from July I to December 31 wiłł total $39,228,07. The work of bureau construction will amount to $45,438.60, and the matter of insurance, $77,- 991.40. All these activities are being cared for by an appropriation of $676,841.20.” Visiting Our Wounded in England More than 600 American women now re- siding in England, members of the “Care Committee” of the American Red Cross, are regularly visiting wounded American sol- diers in the hospitals in Great Britain. Mrs. Robert Peet Skinner, wife of the American consul-general, is in clarge of the headquar- ters of the committee, which has branch or- ganizations in twenty cities in England, Ire- Hand, Scotland and Wales. - The committee is immediately notified of the arrival in any hospital of an American soldier, whether he belongs to the American army or to the British or Canadian forces. More than 5,000 Americans in hospitals have received personal calls from the women of the “Care Committee” during the last few weeks. The visitors make a special effort to keep the men in touch with their relatives and friends at home. Useful things to wear, delicacies and comforts of various kinds, and copies of home newspapers are provided by the committee. Fine Results in Orthopedics American army officers suffering from arm and leg wounds, who might have re- mained cripples all their lives, will regain the use of their damaged limbs as a result of the arrangements that have been made for their prompt treatment at the two ortho- pedic hospitals established by the American Red Cross in London. In this respect, Uncle Sam's fighting men are to benefit by knowledge dearly bought by England and France, the war having taught surgeons that orthopedic treatment should not be delayed. Great things in the way of restoring the use of arms and legs to wounded soldiers are being done at St. Katharine’s Lodge and Baroda House, the Red Cross institutions, which were formerly the homes of two Americans who turned them over for this splendid work and who provide all the funds for their maintenance. The doctors and nurses at both hospitals are American. Ori- ginally the hospitals were intended for American officer patients, but British offi- cers have been cared for in the interval be- fore the arrival of American wounded. THE R ED CROSS BULLETIN § & WASHINGTON, D. C. AMERICAN RED CROSS {} \, Vol. II UNIw.of - SEPTEMBER 30, 1918 * No. 40 *...*.*.*.*.*.*.*. ©" ºr ‘e’ve © : Q © &..º. © O. O. &. 20. & Cº. & S. <>, <> & *A*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*. &A.O. &..º.º.º.º.º. º.º.º.º.º.º.º. C. Sº...º. sº *... .º. 23, .º. 26, 2& *... .º. º. 26. 23.2°, 9...º. º. º. º. º.º.º.º.º. & 3&&.33333333333333333333333333333333-&-ººººººººººººººººº-º-º-º:333333333333333333333333|{} . 3. 3. SPEED THE NEW LIBERTY LOAN 3. 3. - 3. 3. - CR the next three weeks the Fourth Liberty Loan Drive will be the all-absorbing : 3. F thing before the American people. So far as the energies and the hopes of the # 3. N 9 masses at home are concerned nothing else will count for the time being. The suc- 3. 3. & Nº cess of the six billion dollar bond issue offered in Liberty's name is paramount. 3. 3. - In keeping with the general spirit of the hour every Red Cross member through- 3. : out the land should exert himself to put the loan over in the grandest manner. Individually : 3. and collectively the members of the organization should be keyed to the highest pitch of en- 3. 3 thusiasm, imbued with the thought of making this fourth popular war fund another inspiration 3. 3. to our Allies and a terror to our enemies. - - 3. 3. Ring Liberty's bell again as it has been rung thrice previously since America joined in the # 3. war to save civilization' Make it ring louder than ever before 3. 3. To make the Fourth Liberty Loan the biggest kind of success is right in line with all Red 3. 3. Cross endeavor; for the Red Cross spirit, the spirit of Liberty—the American Spirit—are : 3. synonymous. - 3. [E]<[E] Work of the Women's College Units in France The Wellesley Unit for War Service in France arrived in France on a Saturday night, and Monday morning they were hard at work. A unit at home becomes individuals in France. Wherever the need is that’s where the college-trained woman wants to go. So Wellesley is “all over the place.” The social workers are at Lyons, in the heart of the refugee problem, housing and befriend- ing the thousands of homeless people. The two nurses of the unit, Miss Bessell, of Buf- falo, and Miss Burrows, of Montclair, N. J., are on military service. From Temporary Hospital 23 Miss Bessell writes: “We are the first hospital back of the dressing stations for this district, and the boys arrive all times of the day and night. We have six large French tents on the lawn, and I believe we can take care of 500 men if necessary. We are twenty nurses and about as many doctors. We have a huge, well- equipped operating room in the salon of the chateau, its great mirrors and tapestried walls covered with white oilcloth. We have X-ray equipment, and its motor furnishes electricity for the operating room. I’m per- fectly sure our boys could not have better care if they were in New York hospitals or at Johns Hopkins. We keep them here till they are able to travel. CARE FoR GERMAN WoundED. “Now and then we have Boche patients and they receive the best of care. The staff was on duty last night, after working hard all day, operating on a group of German wounded that had been sent in. The Boches all seemed surprised at the number of Americans in France, and express great ad- miration for their fighting abilities. They also said they would rather a thousand times be prisoners and wounded than back in their own trenches. * * * “It is interesting to see our men chum- ming with the French. They are a jolly lot together, teaching each other phrases in French and English. Last night, when I made my rounds, the one Frenchman who is still here greeted me with ‘Good evening’ in English, and then to the joy of all the men he asked me most solemnly if I would like a glass of beer. Of course a roar went up.” Miss Burrows writes of no days or hours off duty, since sometimes 300 men are ad- mitted and perhaps 400 evacuated in one day from the hospital to which she was sent. “The gassed cases are still pouring in; hor- rible ones, so badly burned; she says, “You go down through your 22 beds irrigating and putting sterile oil in each pair of eyes, and by the time you have made the rounds you must begin all over again; and, of course, the poor blind things must be fed in between times and their burns dressed. It is perfectly marvelous how their eyes clear up, however, in a few days; and I haven’t had one yet in my ward whose eyes will be permanently injured. “I do wish you could talk to the boys. They tell such wonderful things and are so sure of winning and most of them are eager to get back. They all say the Germans are cowards and can fight only in masses. They have seen German gunners chained to their guns.” So the Wellesley banner flies in France— not from a flag staff as at home, where the shining lake reflects the colors at sunset, but in the hearts of homeless people, and wounded and gassed men of the A. E. F. The “big four” are all there now—Smith, Wellesley, Vassar, Bryn Mawr; and more are on the way. 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN WAR COUNCIL REPORT ON FOURTEENTH DIVISION ---, Organized Less than Year Ago It Has Had Wonderful Development, and Been Generous Contributor to Red Cross Funds—Does Intensely Important Re- lief Work and Keeps Americans in Touch with National Ideals. - The Red Cross War Council today issues the fifth instalment of its statements setting forth the use that is being made of the Red Cross War Fund. It covers the work of the American Red Cross in those parts of the world outside the war zone, especially in Ali- recting the efforts of Americans scattered throughout the world in assisting the work of relief of the Red Cross. The War Coun- cil’s statement follows: “To enroll and classify properly the thou- sands within the borders of the United States, who at the beginning of the war, desired to become members of the American Red Cross and to organize them for the greatest possible efficiency, the United States was divided into thirteen sections, or divi- Sions. 2 “The work was done as rapidly as possible, but long before the organization was brought to a point of perfection, it was discovered that all the Americans who wished to take part in this work for humanity did not re- side within the geographical limits of the republic. Requests for membership began to pour in from distant lands in every part of the globe. These requests were so insis- tent that it was determined to increase the number of divisions, and so the Insular and Foreign Division, known as the Fourteenth Division, was organized November, 1917. A Won DERFUL STORY. “The Fourteenth Division is not yet a year old, but it has nearly 150 chapters and branches. So efficiently has it answered the call and met the needs of its members; so wonderfully has it guided activities in foreign lands; so practically has it accom- plished that for which it was organized, cast- ing the inspiring shadow of the Red Cross everywhere, that President Wilson, in a letter to Chairman Henry P. Davison, of the War Council, says of its accomplish- ments: ‘It is... a remarkable story, and I share with you the deepest satisfaction for what these comrades of ours scattered throughout the world, have done.' . in its every phase the wonderful growth of the whole organization of the American Red Cross. In the beginning it consisted of eleven chapters, three of which—those in Syria, Turkey and Persia—were in the war zone and consequently, inactive. The other eight have grown from struggling groups to a membership of 100,000 adults, not includ- ing associate members, and 125,000 juniors. The finished products of their efforts that have been brought into the Red Cross store- houses represent a yearly value of $1,500,000. “To the first war fund drive this division gave $267,462.63. Its quota for the second drive was $300,000. Its actual contribution was $1,710,000.00. ARGENTINA LED OFF. “The first great gift of the Fourteenth Division to the cause of humanity came from Argentina, where 200 Americans, known as the Patriotic Society of American Women, held a bazaar which netted $105,- 000. The receipt of this sum bore eloquent testimony of the patriotism of Americans far from home and opened the vista of greater possibilities. A second bazaar, held this year, brought to the War Fund $156,- 000, or more than 50 per cent over last year's donation. - “This same Patriotic Society of American Women contributed $5,000 to the Christmas membership drive, while the Argentina chap- ters in the second war fund drive brought in $60,000. These figures speak volumes, especially when it is considered that this is a neutral country where consideration is given to the existence of German and Aus- trian as well as the Allied Red Cross Societies. “From other' South American countries the record is also inspiring. From Val- paraiso and the coast towns of Chili, with a total of less than 200 Americans, a contribu- tion has recently reached divisional head- quarters amounting to $118,000.00, to be added to Chili's original contribution to the second war fund drive of $32,800. “From Pernambuco, Brazil, in which is probably the smallest American colony in the Southern continent, came a contribution to the second war fund drive of $5,165, as the proceeds of a bazaar held there. Peru chapter donated to the same drive $19,300 and a monthly contribution of $1,000. In other South American countries chapters have now been organized and reports of the preliminary work being done is most grat- ifying. . . . . . . CANAL 7.ONE AND WEST INDIEs. “In the Canal Zone the work is now well organized; and going forward, while weekly -- - - letters, from Central America are asking “Truly, it is a wonderful story, reflecting how the Americans there can help. Guate- mala, in spite of the disastrous earthquake of last year, Honduras, with its practically inaccessible capital, and Nicaragua, with its Crippled transportation service, are all giv- ing assistance in various ways. - “American Red Cross activities in the West Indies, from the tiny unit of two members at Turks Island to the 20,000 mem- bership in the Dominican Republic and the splendid organizations in Porto Rico and Cuba, all bear ample testimony to American patriotism. “Cuba’s contribution to the second war fund drive through the Red Cross workers of the Fourteenth Division was $155,000, while the Republic of Cuba sent $65,000 as a special contribution. In one week the Havana chapter completed 5,000 comfort kits and, in spite of the tropic summer and the absence of many workers, shipments from there are coming in regularly. - PoRTO RICO's GREAT RECORD. “In Porto Rico Red Cross work has ab– sorbed the time and thought of the Ameri- can women on the island, ever since the United States entered the war. Tons of guava jelly, made under trying conditions in tropical kitchens, have found their way into Red Cross hospitals to tempt the ap- petites of convalescing soldiers. A steady stream of garments, knitted articles and surgical dressings has flowed from the island into Red Cross warehouses in New York. +. “The Home Service branch is doing yeo- man Service among the families of enlisted men, while the enrollment of 68,000 school children and their contribution of $21,501.22 is a most inspiring accomplishment. A field director has been appointed to take charge of the Camp Service work in the canton- ment and the Communication work in the Base Hospital. - } - WEST INDIES ALIGNED. “There is no more gratifying report in all the work of the Fourteenth Division than that which tells of the response of Santo Domingo. Its contribution to the second war fund drive of over $80,000 through our chapter there, was one of the outstanding features of the entire campaign. It not only represents the loyalty and enthusiasm of the Americans away from home, but is also an evidence of the interest of Domini- cans in the work of the American Red Cross. “From the Virgin Islands, the newest American territory, out of a total popula- tion of 14,000, 200 are reported as available and active for Red Cross work, while in Haiti the marines and the few Americans there are united in their efforts to help the CallSe. . . . . . . “Midway across the Pacific the territory of Hawaii has taken such an interest in the American Red Cross activities as makes it T H E P E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN more thoroughly American than ever before. The interest of Hawaii embraces every branch of the Red Cross work. Its finished products as weil as its membership in the Red Cross is 100 per cent. “In the latter part of 1917 Hawaii con- tributed $200,000 to the Red Cross, of which $70,000 was in supplies and $130,000 in dues and contributions. For the second war fund the contribution was the splendid gift of $377,000, a wonderful response to the query, is Hawaii loyal? IN THE FARTHEST EAST. “Farther away in the Pacific, in China, Japan, the Philippines and in the little island of Guam, are more earnest members. The Philippine chapter was established be- fore the Fourteenth Division was organized. At the time of the Christmas membership drive, it numbered 18,000 members. “At the carnival held in Manila last Feb- ruary, the average attendance was between thirty and forty thousand people, represent- ing all nationalities. The impressions gained of Red Cross activities are now being mani- fest in the products that are being con- tributed. “China’s response to the first war fund drive was $1,803. The contribution of the second drive was over $100,000. China’s associate membership in the Red Cross in- cludes all classes, from the very wealthy down to the $10-a-month coolie. COOPERATIVE WoRK IN JAPAN. “In Japan the efforts of the Fourteenth Division have met with great success. In conjunction with the Japanese Red Cross the work has reached gigantic proportions. In a letter to division headquarters, Baron Ishigour, president of the Japanese Red Cross, expressed the sentiment that “we are working with you in the same cause of hu- manity.’ The Japanese women in our work- rooms are turning out the best made gar- ments received from any source. “In the first war fund drive the Japan chapter headed by Ambassador Morris con- tributed $2,232.38. In the second drive the annount was increased to $60,000. “I he same sort of activity is reported from the Island of Guam, where the fund con- tributed at the first war fund drive was $2,612.57 and the second contribution was $5,800. - “From the neutral countries of Europe, appeals have also come to the Fourteenth Division for suggestions as to how the Americans there might aid in this work. Spain has an active chapter at Madrid and a thriving auxiliary at Barcelona. Through these, the Americans in Portugal are work- ing with excellent results. “Sweden has a chapter at Stockholm, and in Switzerland the Geneva chapter works under the jurisdiction of the Red Cross commission at Berne. It is doing wonderful service in the most active work of Europe, by its assistance in caring for the thousands of allies, citizens and prisoners, who are pouring through that most burdened of the neutral countries. - IN Touch. WITH AMERICAN IDEALs. “There is another commigsion in Palestine, while, in response to a call from the Secre- tary of the Navy, a relief expedition of the Fourteenth Division, under Dr. Teusler of St. Luke’s Hospital in Tokyo, is at work among the Czecho-Slav wounded and the civilian refugees in Siberia. Vladivostok, where several American women have been working fore more than a month, has cabled for approval in organizing a chapter. “From this brief summary of what Amer- icans all over the world are doing to as- sist in this great work for humanity, it may be seen to what an extent the American Red Cross has become, not only a factor in re- lieving distressed humanity, but in awaken- ing a sentiment of helpfulness in all quar- ters of the globe. “Through the Fourteenth Division Ameri- cans in foreign lands have been kept in con- stant touch with the ideals of Americanism, and given opportunity for service in a truly noble cause.” Praises Red Cross Chaplains Chaplains in the Red Cross Chaplain Serv- ice in hospitals in France recently were com— missioned in the United States Army and now are serving as Army officers collectively. Bishop Brent, who is now in entire charge of the Chaplain Service of the A. E. F. in France, wrote a letter to Bishop Perry at the time the transfer of the Red Cross Chap- lain Service to the Army was under way from which the following interesting para- graph is taken: “Both in behalf of the Commander-in- Chief, and of the Board of G. H. Q. Chap- lains, I wish to express to the American Red Cross sincere appreciation of the high character of the service rendered by the Bureau of Chaplains and by the chaplains themselves. With the very limited number of commissioned chaplains at our disposal, and the increasing demands made upon them, the hospitals would have been in a sad plight in respect to religious ministra- tions had it not been for the foresight and efficiency of the American Red Cross. Your chaplains, both in character and service, have brought honor to the country and to the Army, as well as consolation to the sick and wounded.” ON THE WAY TO METZ WITH THE AMERICANS Red Cross Workers in the War Zone Linger Long Enough in One Spot to Post Sign Saying They Will be Found Farther on–Chairman Davison and Party Personally Superintending Re- lief Work at the Front. “On the way to Metz. kilometers up this road.” Next stop twenty This sign, in roughly painted letters, nailed on the headquarters of an American Red Cross outpost in a town occupied by American troops prior to the recent ad- vance, greeted Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the Red Cross War Council, on his arrival there, according to a cable message re- ceived at Red Cross Headquarters in Wash- ington. Mr. Davison, who left this country about three weeks ago, is now inspecting Red Cross activities at the American front. Following directions, the cable continues, Mr. Davison and the members of his party found twenty kilometers further on that the post had made still another move forward and was located two kilometers from the advanced positions. The advanced positions where the American Red Cross workers are located, it was stated, are shelled nightly, but the Red Cross representative, like the soldiers, make light of the dangers and the absence of all sleeping accommodations or opportunities. UTILIZING EVERY REsource. An organization as above indicated, equipped and Supplied, can advance with the army indefinitely. The cable advices report that the keenest rivalry is shown among the division organizations to see which shall be first to locate at further points of advance. Mr. Davison has been accompanied on his inspection tour of the front line activities by Mr. Perkins, the Red Cross Commis– Sioner for Europe, and Mr. Gibson, the Red Cross Commissioner for France, the object being to make certain that every resource of the American Red Cross is being used to the best advantage in troop service. The Ameri- can soldiers are being supplied with choco- late, cigarettes, bread and cheese, dry under- wear and socks when needed. The order from advanced zone headquarters was to fill every requisition from an American Red Cross outpost and from division representa- tives. Red Cross supplies, the same cable states, are being transported in side cars and Ford automobiles over roads blocked with traffic and torn up by shell fire. 4 T H E R E D C F O S S B U I, L E T IN THE AMERICAN RE D C R O SS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officerſ WooDaow WILson . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTon WILLIAMB . . . . . . . . . * * Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * Counselor Stockron Axson . . . . . . . . . . . * * * Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAyr . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSworTH Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT - * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * Red Cross War Council sy APPoſNTMENT or THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES HENRY P. DAVISON Chairm a m GEORGE B. CASE John D. RYAN • * * * * * * * * * * * HARVEY D. GIBSON CoRNELIUS N. Bliss, JR, Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFT ELIoT WApswox'r? SEPTEMBER 30, 1918. The Fourteenth Division No one can read the story of the Four- teenth Division of the American Red Cross —the fifth instalment of the War Council's reports on the work of the organization— without feeling the inspiration of its mes- sage. The report, printed on another page of this issue of the BULLETIN, gives facts and figures regarding the work Americans are doing through chapter organizations in the insular possessions of the United States and in foreign countries outside the war zones. The figures, with respect to contributions to Red Cross funds and to the making of supplies to help carry on the work of relief are interesting enough; but underlying them is that almost indefinable, yet ever-inspiring idea which has its sig- nificance translated into power and influence through Red Cross membership. Every American feels that his country is in this world war in the cause of humanity. No matter where he or she was when the call was sounded, every man and woman owing allegiance to the Stars and Stripes ex- perienced the desire to do a share of the work that must be done. In the fastnesses of Thibet; in the forests and mines, and in whatever part of the world American brains and hands were helping to develop the world’s resources, through American energy —there was the spirit of “carry on,” just as in the throbbing heart of the nation itself. It is indigenous in the American character. The Fourteenth Division was the means of coordinating it and giving it embodiment. Very important relief work in far-away lands has been inaugurated and is being carried on under the direction of the Four- teenth Division; but the really wonderful thing in its story is the gathering of the widely diffused Red Cross spirit—the Amer- ican spirit—into a compact whole, and in linking it to the spirit which animates the body of the army behind the army at home. The time has come when no American, either at home or abroad, can afford to be out of actual contact with the spiritualized force that is moving the world and shaping its future. Red Cross membership is its medium for registration. And in the com- ing Roll-Call the inspiring message carried in the story of the Fourteenth Division will be an added incentive to— “Make it unanimous.” “Before You Go” Into the hands of every selected man of the new draft it is the purpose of the Amer- ican Red Cross to put a booklet, entitled as Editions of the booklet will be printed by the various divisions for the above caption. distribution to the Home Service sections. It can be carried in the vest pocket, and contains a carefully grouped list of things which the enlisted man should talk over with his family before he packs his kit for the Great Adventure. - Briefly, the idea is to bring the purposes, advantages and methods of the Red Cross Home Service to the intimate knowledge of the soldier on the threshold of his army career, so that both he and the members of his family may derive the greatest possible benefit from its operation. The information contained in the booklet is concisely com- plete with regard to all matters that ordi- narily require mutual understandings on the part of relatives temporarily—or per- haps permanently—separated by the war, with reference to the assistance the Red Cross may be in the straightening out of pos- sible future difficulties arising from any number of causes. The statements have been approved by the government bureaus concerned, and the office of the Provost Marshal General will distribute a copy of the booklet to each board of instruction throughout the country. The foreword, addressed to the selected men, follows: - “You have been selected to serve your country. We who remain behind depend upon your courage and efficiency to help win this war. We owe you a debt of grati- tude which we can not repay, and which you are not worrying about. But you will fight better for knowing that while you are gone your folks at home need lack for noth- ing, in times of emergency and anxiety, which friendly interest and ample resources can supply. The Red Cross can not take, your place; but we who put this book in. your hands can be depended upon to do many things for your family that they can not do for themselves and which you can not provide for during your absence. We may need only to supply information of some kind. But that will be given promptly and accurately. Whatever it may be that we shall have opportunity to do, we shall gladly do through the Home Service Section of the Red Cross.” New Manager of Lake Division B. F. Bourne of Cleveland, has been ap- pointed manager of the Lake Division of the Red Cross, as successor of James R. Garfield, who resigned to take up other im- portant war work. Mr. Bourne is prominent in the iron and steel industry, being presi- dent of the Bourne-Fuller Co., and asso- ciated with various other concerns. He is also a director of two banks in Cleveland, a trustee of Lakeside Hospital, a member of the City Planning Commission and of the Cleveland Housing Committee, and serves in other important public welfare activities. Mr. Bourne has been prominent in Red Cross, and other war work since the United States entered the war. He assumed his new office with the Red Cross September 17, and will serve as a full-time volunteer. Director of Amusements Carl Hobitzelle, president of the Inter- state Amusement Company, of Chicago, has been appointed associate director of the Bureau of Camp Service of the Red Cross Department of Military Relief, and will have charge, of entertainments and amusements in the hospitals and hospital zones. Thirty-five new beds have been installed in the new annex of the Hospital du Re- forme No. 1, founded by General Malleterre and supported, in part, by the American Red Cross. T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN 5 The Ugly Sister of Venice [Special Correspondence from Italy.] Three hours by boat from Venice, along the lagoons, lies Chioggia, Venice's ugly lit- tle sister. Sprawling, unsanitary, crowded, this neglected annex of peerless Venice has somehow taken on importance during the eight long months while the Austrian guns have been booming steadily almost within sight across the water. True, the fishing industry by which most Chioggians lived before the war has all but vanished. Most of the lace workers who wound their long threads daily in the shaded loggias are miss- ing. Yet because of one chance addition or another the town's population has remained stationary, until today it rivals that of shrunken Venice, which is nearer by several miles to the front. All of which gives two American Red Cross workers enough to do. In that iso- lated place, out of sight of other Americans and of the sound of their native tongue for weeks at a time and always within reach of the enemy airplanes that menace the lagoon towns, a single American Red Cross lieuten- ant and one district nurse have carried on alone for many months the battle against war-time poverty and disease. AT THE Soup KITCHEN. When the little unit of two arrived six months ago a committee of Chioggia citizens was already feeding several thousand peo- ple weekly in the communal soup kitchen. Even then many dependents for whom there Was no room and insufficient food went half- nourished, while the chill wind that blows in winter across the flat Chioggia sands found numbers thinly clad. Today an American Red Cross Soup Kitchen serves 860 portions . weekly of a soup that is a nourishing meal in itself. Into the mixture go such items as these, shipped recently from the Ameri- can Red Cross Warehouse in Venice: 1,765 tins of condensed milk, 680 pounds of Texas beef. Group by group, too, children in tat- ters and their needy elders are being clothed. All needy dependents of men who are fight- ing at the front are entitled to apply for American aid. Under Lieutenant A. R. Chandler's direction a sewing room turns out week by week enough garments, ranging from layettes to black gaberdine dresses for war widows, to keep more than a score of impecunious soldiers' wives employed and the ragged fringe of the population clad. KEEPING THE Town CLEAN. Even more vital than the food and, cloth- ing records are the statistics turned over to the Italian medical authorities by the Amer- lican Red Cross nurse who investigates every street of Chioggia. All the alleys and the crowded, disease breeding courts know her, disinfectants in hand, with her penchant for soap and water and other simple preventives of calamity. During the mêlée of war, Chioggians have had no time for hygienic precautions and the death rate tells the story. Cleanliness is Miss Rose Gandolfo’s austere gospel, and it is true that no one but an Italian could preach and practice it so vigorously as she does and keep the un- mitigated affection of the Chioggia multi- tude, no matter how often she stood between life and death in humble homes. Miss Gan- dolfo satisfies all requirements, for she was born in Genoa. Through many years’ resi- dence in American training schools and hos- pitals she has kept her knowledge of the Italian language and some of its dialects. Her first qualification for Chioggia, for ex- ample, is that she speaks Chioggian. THE SIGN THAT LURES. The outstanding thing about Chioggia to- day is a gigantic “Croce Rossa Americana” sign across the most modern building on the water front. By day it is a lure to war vic- tims to come in and be fed or medicated; by night it serves another purpose. That function lies solely in the fancy of the Chi- oggians, yet it is the most touching tribute the American Red Cross has had. For every night and all night a wierd cry goes up from the town's watchman—“buon guardia nell ariaſ (“All's well in the air P’). Chioggians turn peacefully over in bed at the sound, assured that for another hour no enemy bombs will drop from the air. The same cry is heard in Venice, the same cry in all the lagoon settlements. It is the most Soothing Sound in the world to the bomb- weary. PROTECTION FROM NIGHT TERRon. Sometimes on moonlight nights in spite of the watchman, the rumor spreads that Aus- trian planes are driving on toward Venice. Not long ago they did come—the culmination of a long series of death-dealing expeditions over Venice—and for eight hours frazzled every nerve, though the actual damage was small. Today, when those vague alarms roll in from nowhere and anywhere it is under the big painted “Croce Rossa Ameri- cana” sign that dozens of Chioggians huddle for protection 1 If the Americans can bring food for the hungry across a submarine infested ocean, if they can prevent disease merely by clean- ing up, why isn’t their symbol a good pro- tection against the iron death in the air? So some Chioggians reason. If the air raids over the lagoons recur the Americans are considering the installa- tion of a carefully-constructed bomb-proof in their basement—and not for themselves alone. Boy on Marne Writes of Red Cross Maxwell Lyons, a Little Rock boy, who is with the Marines in France, and took part in the heavy fighting of the Marne a few weeks ago, wrote a letter to his parents from which an interesting extract was printed by one of the Little Rock newspapers. Young Lyons was in a French hospital for a month before the battle on the Marne be- gan, but was discharged in time to get into the first of the fighting. A paragraph in his letter home, which the local paper quotes, is as follows: “About sending me a box, don’t worry about it. We are getting plenty to eat and have been able to get sweets as well as to- bacco. Which reminds me, whatever you hear about the good work of the Red Cross over here, can not possibly express the good work they are doing. They are the soldiers' true friend, sound or wounded. It is one organization I will always be grateful to and never refuse.” Jobs for One-Legged Soldiers Great popular interest is being manifested throughout the country in the future welfare of soldiers whose wounds may incapacitate them for the occupations formerly followed in civil life, and in the systematic plans, al- ready in operation, for vocational re-educa- tion. In this connection United States Sen- ator Fletcher, of Florida, has made public a letter received by him from one of the big moving picture concerns of the south, offer- ing soldiers who have lost a leg on the bat- tle-fields of France an opportunity to be- come movie operators. Jobs are open at Once for fifty such men, and later there will be a chance for fifty more. From sixty to ninety days are necessary to learn the trade. The jobs pay from sixty to one hundred dollars a month. Doctors and Dentists, and Platinum Lieut. Col. F. F. Simpson, Chief of the Section of Medical Industry of the War In- dustries Board, has written an open letter to the doctors and dentists of the country, rela- tive to the utilization of platinum in unused instruments. Every doctor and dentist in the country is requested to go carefully over his instruments and pick out every scrap of platinum that is not absolutely essential to his work. Platinum is in urgent demand for war purposes. Scraps, however small and in whatever condition, the letter points out, should reach governmental sources with- out delay. They may be given to properly accredited representatives of the Red Cross, or they may be sold to the Government through any bank under the supervision of the Federal Reserve Board. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Sundry Affairs of Week's Record in the Universal Red Cross Work Money of Young Americans to Build Children’s Hospital in France A children's hospital of fifty beds is to be built by the Red Cross in Bordeaux, France, with money raised by American children. The hospital will be known as the Franco- American Children’s Hospital. During the war it will be operated by the American Red Cross and receive patients regardless of race and creed. Dr. Phillip Van Keuren Johnson, of Los Angeles and the Children's Bureau, is to be in charge. When the society known as the Children of America’s Army of Relief was amalga- mated with the Junior Red Cross, early in 1918, the funds of the society, amounting to $64,068, were turned over to the Red Cross to be spent for the relief of children abroad. On June 4, 1918, the War Council appro- priated $60,000 of this children’s fund for use in child welfare work in France. It is this money that will build and equip the Franco-American Children’s Hospital. Aid British-American War Fund The sum of $50,000 has been contributed by the American Red Cross to the British- American War Relief Fund, in addition to $25,000 previously voted by the War Coun- cil. This contribution was recommended by C. A. Coffin, chairman of the Red Cross Com- mittee on Cooperation, pursuant to a letter written by Mr. Endicott, Red Cross Com- missioner for Great Britain, in which the latter reported that of all the societies which have contributed to the work of the Ameri- can Red Cross in Great Britain none has been of greater value than the British- American War Relief Fund. - The commissioner further stated that without the contributions of this society the work of the American Red Cross in Great Britain would have been very seriously les- sened. The society in question also has been of the greatest possible assistance to the British Red Cross. Gift to Vocational Education Board A contribution of $10,000 has been made by the Red Cross to the Federal Board for Vocational Education, to be used for the subsistance, and other necessary personal as- sistance in emergency cases, for discharged soldiers and sailors prospectively entitled to the benefits of the Vocational Rehabilita- tion act, during the period after discharge and prior to the award of compensation, in such cases as are not suitably and directly within the Scope of Red Cross Home Serv- ice. Congress has appropriated $2,000,000 to provide for securing opportunity for em- ployment, and for industrial, professional, commercial and agricultural training for beneficiaries under the War Risk Insurance act; but there is no provision for the emer- gency care of beneficiaries between the time of their discharge from a hospital and their formal placing upon the War Risk rolls. The Federal Board for Vocational Educa- tion, which is empowered to receive gifts, requested that the Red Cross make a con- tribution to meet temporary needs. Products of Interned Allies io Be Handied By Special Bureau Here A Red Cross bureau is to be organized im- mediately for the purpose of undertaking the sale in this country of articles manufac- tured by interned allied prisoners in Swit- zerland. It is the intention to have the arti- cles on the market for the Christmas season. The Red Cross War Council some weeks ago made an appropriation of 750,000 francs for the establishment and maintenance of work-rooms and training schools for in- terned soldiers in Switzerland. Work for the allied prisoners there was designed orig- inally to provide employment that would keep the men from mental collapse, but manufacturing has developed until the an- nual output now amounts to about $45,000 in value per annum. The articles manufac- tured are high grade and the greater part of them heretofore have been purchased by the Swiss people. During the last year, how- ever, some $20,000 worth of the goods have been sold in America through the efforts of Madame Slavko Grouitch, wife of the Serb- ian minister to Switzerland. To Continue Camp Sanitation Work fn conformity with recommendations of the director general of Military Relief, the Red Cross War Council has decided to con- tinue, for the present, the maintenance of various sanitary units at Army and Navy camps and cantonments, in cooperation with the United States Public Health Service, and county, state and local health author- ities. w Some time ago the question was raised as to whether the Red Cross should continue the work now being conducted under the Bureau of Sanitary Service in extra-canton- ment zones, and upon investigation the di- rector General of Military Relief reported that it was his belief that no money which Convalescent American Boys Find Gardening Very Interesting The vegetable gardens for convalescent soldiers at the American Army hospitals in France have proved so successful that the American Red Cross has sent a representa- tive to this country to obtain ten expert market gardeners to direct such activities at all American hospitals in that country. To convalescent soldiers these gardens offer useful and interesting occupation, and have been of great practical service. In many cases of shell shock the doctors have agreed that farm work is one of the best restora- tives. Other patients, however, greatly en- joy the outdoor activities and many have become so attached to the soil that they have announced their intention of obtaining farms on their return to the United States. The gardens, moreover, provide quantities of fresh green vegetables to the diet kit- chens, and especially certain American vege- tables not common in France, but very popu- lar with the patients. The garden attached to Base Hospital No. 6, for example, produced more than two tons of green vegetables in less than three months. As a result the hospital tables were well stocked with radishes, potatoes, beans and lettuce. Included is a large planting of green corn, which has enabled our boys to enjoy corn on the cob, a vegetable practi- cally unobtainable in French markets. In connection with one of these farms the Red Cross, with cows loaned by the French Government, will establish a model experi- mental dairy, which in addition to garden- ing and cattle raising, will give convales- cents useful recreational employment. The gardens, because of the climate, can be kept in cultivation during the entire year. Queen's Use of Red Cross Money The Queen of Belgium, according to the Journal des Débats, of Paris, has decided to use the 1,000,000 francs given her by the American Red Cross to found a rest home for Belgian nurses from the hospitals and ambulances of the front. The Villa Henri-IV at Cannes, has been selected for this purpose and will be shortly inaugurated under the name, “Club Royal Elizabeth.” the Red Cross has spent has been used to greater advantage than the appropriations made for this purpose. These appropria- tions, to September last, totaled $607,056. T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN News Pertaining to the Development of the Red Cross Home Service Educational Programme is Put On Broader Basis at Headquarters The need of trained men and women in the Home Service work of the American Red Cross, and the great increase in the number of applicants for special instruc- tion, has made it necessary to increase the staff of the director general of Civilian Re- lief at national headquarters, for the direc- tion of Home Service institutes and educa- tional activities. J. F. Steiner, educator and sociologist, has been appointed as director of institutes and will have as his associate Miss Margaret Byington. Mr. Steiner has been a missionary in Japan and a teacher of English in a Japanese university. He re- turned from the Orient several years ago, and has taught sociology in the University of Cincinnati and has engaged in social work for the Red Cross, as well as for social serv- ice organizations in Chicago and Cincinnati. Miss Byington is well known as a writer and lecturer on public welfare. The work at headquarters is a continua- tion of an educational programme which was inaugurated shortly after the beginning of the Home Service work for the Red Cross. Dr. Thomas J. Riley, of Brooklyn, and Por- ter R. Lee, of New York, have been the na- tional directors of the institutes for the past year, and have brought the national pro- gramme to its present state of development. GRADUATES OF INSTITUTEs. Already more than 1,000 men and women have been given certificates of proficiency in study for Home Service work. Institutes have been held in connection with established schools and colleges, and the lectures have been given by trained sociologists and wel- fare workers. Supplementary to this pro- gramme of extensive education, has been the more widely spread system of chapter courses, which have been attended by sev- eral thousand people and are still carrying the principles of training for Home Service into many communities. It is the intention of the directors of Home Service work that each of the 10,000 Home Service sections in the United States shall have trained secre- taries for their work, eventually, if they de- sire them. Both men and women have offered themselves for this work, without compensation in many instances. Instruction for Home Service includes dis- cussion of methods and gives the student an acquaintance with the fundamentals of nor- mal family life, in order that he may intelli- gently judge the needs of families and ad- minister the help of the Red Cross wisely and helpfully. In the distribution of money alone it is felt that only a person well trained for his work can do it successfully, and in the giving of advice and information skill and training are equally essential. It has been a fundamental principle of Home Service that there must be no intrusion, and no interference with the real wishes of fam- ilies which ask help of the Red Cross. There are now about 50,000 Red Cross men and women enrolled for Home Service work. They are scattered in all parts of the country and in all sorts of communities. Many of them are in places where they have little opportunity to learn how such com- munity problems as come to them may best be solved. It is to extend, as completely as possible, the system of information and in- struction that the educational programme is being put on a broader basis at head- Quarters. Cooperation With Councils of De- fense in Helping Drafted Men Many fields of cooperation between Red Cross Home Service work and the activities of the national and state councils of defense have developed in the efforts of both agen- cies to help the men who are drafted for military service. In the State of Washing- ton and in other places, recently, the state councils have, through county councils, as- sisted the efforts of the various Home Serv- ice sections in their efforts to get complete and accurate information on allotment and allowance laws into the hands of the Selected had been told to lie, men. This cooperation was particularly use- ful at the time of the recent change in the manner of administering the government al- lowances. The change which went into ef- fect August 1 was misunderstood by many soldiers and their families, and to meet the situation the Home Service sections were distributing printed explanations in English and other languages. Local publicity for this distribution was aided by the council of defense committees. In the state of Washington instructions were issued to the chairman of each county council to “support the Home Service work, preventing duplication of effort, and espe- cially calling to the attention of Home Serv- ice workers any opportunity to help in spe- cial cases of families in need, coming to your attention.” Information and advice to the family “should always come from the Home Service section in order that, first, it may be authentic; second, that only one organization may have contact with the family from the very beginning for this particular service, and all others which may follow.” A Soldier's Anxiety for Dog Left Be- hind on Pier is Relieved “Please find my dog, his name is ‘Judge.’” That was the burden of a letter that came from France to Red Cross headquarters in Washington a few days ago; and it carried an appeal from the heart of a doughboy in the trenches. “Judge” had been the bunkie of this particular soldier for so long that, when the man contemplated the months in the trenches without the dog, he decided that life alone would be unbearable. So he crated “Judge” and decided to get him across as baggage. In the meantime “Judge” had been receiv- ing a few preliminary lessons in the proper attitude for a good American dog toward the tokens of Kaiserism and the things that wear the stamp “Made in Germany.” Par- ticularly he had been warned to make no friends among the dachshunds. They were to be shunned in polite Society and chewed up whenever an opportunity presented itself down the alley. CRATED As “Necessºry.” “Judge” was put into a nice crate marked “Razor Blades and Other Necessities,” a designation which his bulldog temper did not belie, and was stowed away with many warnings to lie still and keep his mouth shut. The only trouble was that the two sets of instructions got mixed in “Judge’s” mind. While he was on the dock, lying as still as he a dachshund, impudently Swinging two or three feet of his black and tan body in defiance of all real dogs, strolled down the dock. Following his master's other advice, “Judge” emitted a growl from that box of razor blades which stopped the dachs- hund in his tracks. * A dock man heard the growl. The dachs- hund became, almost immediately, a faint Speck upon the horizon, but “Judge” was betrayed. The dock man removed him and the rest of the soldier's baggage went on without him. - So his master, landing in France with a picture in his mind of the dog still howling on a Hoboken pier, asked the Red Cross to protect his friend. Home Service machinery was set in motion. “Judge,” who still finds it difficult to figure out that he did anything but his duty, is on his way back to the sol- dier's home. & ! Three million soldiers have patronized the railway station canteens in Paris during the last four months. 8 T H E R E D C Ross B U L L E T IN THE ROLL-CALL PLANNING Campaign to Arouse Enthusiasm Ali Over the Country Will Be a Record Breaker, According to Directors at National Headquarters —-Advance Work Well Under Way—Pageants to Feature Roll-Call Week. Indications, even at this early date, point to a sweeping and almost overwhelming chorus of “Ayes” when the American Red Cross takes it Christmas Roll-Call of the Ameri- can public in the week ending December 23. The organization machinery necessary to roll up such a vast Red Cross membership that it can truly be termed “universal” has been set up at general headquarters, and is now running as Smoothly as a well-oiled motor, with not a cylinder missing fire. The most important cog in the mechanism, co- ordination of purpose and effort, between Red Cross general headquarters at Wash- ington, the nine Red Cross division head- quarters, and the individual chapters—is being installed as rapidly as possible. By Thanksgiving Day the American pub- lic will have been put on good speaking terms with the general purpose and charac- ter of Red Cross Roll-Call week. Before the date set for the opening gun' is reached there will not be a man, woman or child of reading age in the nation who will not have been informed a score of times of what is expected of him or her when the roll is called. There will scarcely be one of the thousands and thousands of publications, from the newspaper at the breakfast table to your “favorite periodical,” which will not have some reference to the Christmas Roll- Call. *A GREATEST SINGLE CAMPAIGN. It is being prophesied by some of the en- thusiastic folk at national headquarters that the advance work for the Red Cross Christ- mas Membership Roll-Call will be the great- est single publicity campaign ever accom- plished in the United States. With this publicity behind them, Red Cross chapter heads and workers will find little need for argument when the time approaches for doing the actual enrollment. * Aided by those in charge of the Roll-Call preparations at Washington, individual chapters will be asked to second the na– tional publicity work by concentrating in their own respective territories. The use of Red Cross pageants, bill-board and street car advertising, and the celebration of “Red Cross Day” some time during the campaign week, will keep the necessity for universal membership ever before the eyes of the pros- pective members, while the Red Cross speakers’ bureau promises that they will furnish equally diverting material for the €3.I’. - Great satisfaction has been expressed by division and chapter heads that no quotas are to be set this year. The goal of general membership is regarded as far better, and in the belief of the managers throughout the country, will offer an even greater chance for rivalry in the various localities. Child Welfare Exhibit in France Brings Valuable Resuits None of the numerous activities of the American Red Cross in France seems to have struck a more responsive chord in the hearts of the people than the child welfare exhibit, which has visited a number of French cities and towns. More than 80,000 persons visited the educational display in the few weeks it was at St. Etienne. In the three weeks the exhibit was in Lyons it was attended by 173,155 persons. As the Red Cross considers the exhibit the most impor- tant part of its campaign for the reduction of infant mortality these reports are most gratifying to the officials at national head- quarters. The most noticeable result in places where the exhibition has been is the great increase in the dispensary attendance. Hundreds of mothers now know how sickly children can be made well and how healthy children can be kept in that condition. The people who make up the attendance at the exhibit come from all classes. In Lyons the Municipal Council attended in a body. One thousand school children who visited the show wrote compositions on what they saw, in a com- petition for prizes given by the Red Cross. More than 800,000 pieces of literature, dealing with the care of the teeth, the way to prevent tuberculosis, and other health subjects, have been carried away by the visitors. French soldiers, convalescing in hospitals, have asked for the literature and have requested that booklets be sent to their wives and children. - Wiii join Serbian Commission The Rev. Robert C. Denison, of New Haven, Connecticut, and Thomas F. Far- nam, also of New Haven, will join the Amer- ican Red Cross Commission for Serbia at Saloniki, as deputy commissioners, with as- similated rank of major. American Red Cross warehouses are main- tained in eight seaports of France. . - & In cooperation with the Rockfeller Foun- dation a five months’ hospital course is being offered to French women. ... • * - CONWICTION FOR Si,ANDER Federal Court in Tennessee Case Fol- lows Example Set in Recent Trial of Defamer of Red Cross in Wisconsin– Defendant Was Indicted Under, Es- pionage Act for Language Involving Attacks on War Activities.” - Another conviction, under the Espionage Act, of a slanderer of the Red Cross is re- ported in the news of the week. The case was that of William E. Martin, who was found guilty in the Federal Court at Green- ville, Tenn., on an indictment containing three counts, which charged him with slan- dering President Wilson, the Red Cross, and the Government of the United States. Judge Edward T. Sanford denied the motion for a new trial on all grounds except that of in- sanity, and postponed final disposition of the case to enable the attorneys to submit affidavits relating to Martin's mental con- dition. - - This is the second conviction of a de- famer of the American Red Cross within the last few months. Louis B. Nagler, former Assistant Secretary of State for the State of Wisconsin, was convicted in the United States District Court for the Western Dis- trict of Wisconsin and sentenced to a term of imprisonment at Fort Leavenworth. In that case the court held that the Espionage Act applied to the American Red Cross as an auxiliary of the military establishment. In the Tennessee case a plea by the de- fense that the indictment should be quashed, on the ground that the Red Cross is not a part of the military forces of the United States, was overruled by the court. THE LANGUAGE USED. One count in the indictment against Mar- tin charged that he in conversation declared that the Red Cross was merely a scheme to support a lot of women and that several hundred Red Cross nurses had been sent back from France because of their conduct in that country. Another count charged him with making scurrilous remarks about the President. The indictment declared that he had stated that the President was send- ing all the men of the United States to France to be killed, and that he would “see the President in h-l before he would go to France to fight.” The third count charged Martin with statements implying that the money raised by the Government for war purposes was being misapplied. The American Red Cross has recently do- nated a generous supply of cloth and mate- rials to be made into wearing apparel to the Mutualite Maternelle at Clichy. H/ - STS- A 4. The Red Cross Bulletin Vol. II * NURéING : uww." In order that no person in the Army or in civilian life need suffer in health and efficiency during the war because of lack of nursing resources, the Ameri- can Red Cross has accepted the task assigned it by the Government of recording every woman in the United States and Alaska, and every American woman in China, Japan, Hawaii, Philippines, Canal Zone, Cuba, Porto Rico, Dominican Republic, Spain, AN Y and some of the countries of South America who has ever had any nursing experience or training. This survey of the nursing resources, in response to urgent requests * WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 7, 1918 No. 41 VEY PROMISES SPLENDID RESULTS gained in this uniform way for the Government will be of inestimable value to our Army and our civilian population alike. While the survey is intended primarily to meet the existing emergency and the demands of the imme- diate future, it will also prove of great use in the event of the war continuing for a number of years, and in reconstruction work during and after the war. Red Cross chapters, and those assisting in the survey, are requested to see that the country is com- pletely covered,—the rural districts as well as the cities and towns. from the medical authorities of the Army and the Sec- retary of War, is being made with all possible speed and consistent effi- ciency. The Bu- reau of Nursing Survey has re- ported that the ex- tensive machinery for the prosecu- tion of the work was about con- pleted and the ac- tu a 1 recording would begin on or about October 1st. This survey should not be con- fused with the enrollment campaign of the American Red Cross. The basic idea of the survey is to find and record every woman who has ever had any training in caring for the sick or wounded in order that intelligent appeals may be made to all parts of the country for help, both in the care of the military establishment and the civilian population. The sur- vey will be equally important in that it will enable the Red Cross to make its appeals in an equitable manner as between different sections of the country. The questionnaire to be used in this tabulation is so comprehensive in its scope that the information TAKING A SUN BATH Soldiers in Military Hospital No. 5, at Auteuil, a portable tent hospital supported by the American Red Cross, on the site of a celebrated French race course. - - - Citizens are asked to report to the committees, who have the work in . charge in the local communities the names of all per- sons known to them as nurses trained or semi- trained, including those who have taken the Red Cross courses. Nurses can lend great assistance by immediately re- porting to the nearest Red Cross chapter or branch. It is expected that each registrar state if she will be willing to accept war service, and, if not, to give the reason why she can not do so. The statistical data gath- ered from the questionnaire will be of vital im- portance, and it is therefore deemed necessary that there be a personal visit to the woman who should be a registrar and that no questionnaire be filled out and delivered by mail. Great national organizations of the country have offered their services in a splendid spirit of helpful- ness in this unprecedented work, and it is held to be the duty of every person to stimulate interest. 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN WORK IN GREAT BRITAIN Troop Movements and Americans in English Hospitals Call for Expanded Relief Activities of the American Red Cross in England since this country entered the war is the subject of the sixth report in the series which the War Council is making to the Ameri- can people regarding the disposition of the Red Cross war fund. Prior to last October, when the commis- sion for England was created, the work of caring for American troops in that country was performed by the London chapter at a cost of $493,459, this amount including $39,612 ex- pended for the relief of the Tuscania survivors. Relief work of all kinds in Great Britain from October to the end of June, including contributions to the British Red Cross and the British Am- bulance Committee, necessitated an expenditure of $4,313,566. An appro- priation of $4,483,800 has been made to cover the work in the United King- dom for the last six months of the present year. Brigading of American troops with the British, a policy which brought an enormous increase in the number of American soldiers on British soil, necessitating the cre- ating of new camps and the opening of additional hospitals, added greatly to Red Cross expenditures in Eng- land. MARINE DISASTER RELIEF, American Red Cross representa- tives were among the first to greet the survivors of the torpedoed Tus- cania, providing them with clothing and money and giving every assist- ance in relieving their distress. Pro- visions have been made for extending even more prompt relief in the event of similar occurrences in the future. The Red Cross has established sta- tions along the Irish coast with stocks of clothing and first-aid out- fits sufficient to care for 6,000 ship- wrecked Americans in the shortest possible time. Arrangements have been made at these places for housing and feeding any number of men who might be landed unexpectedly. The appropriation for this emergency ser- vice, in addition to $200,392 already spent, is $238,500 for the last half of 1918. THREE NEW HOSPITALS Many of the American soldiers wounded in the present severe fight- ing in northern France, have been taken to England and the American Red Cross hopes to have all these men transferred to its own hospitals where they will be attended by Amer- ican physicians and nurses. Three new American Red Cross hospitals are now nearing completion in Eng- land, one of these, a naval hospital in London, already receiving patients. The Red Cross Hospital at Salisbury, near Southampton, located in one of the most beautiful spots in that part of the country, will be the largest American military hospital in Great Britain. It will have a 3,000 bed ca- pacity. The third hospital, situated at Windsor Great Park, will accommo- date 500 wounded soldiers. GENERAL ACTIVITIES Fifty small tent hospitals have been established at small camps, mostly aviation centers, where the number of men is not large enough to warrant the erection of a regulation hospital. The sum of $969,382 was spent for hospital service in England up to the end of June and $1,431,000 has been appropriated for the work for the re- mainder of the year. For camp work in England, which is directed by one general manager. with a staff of twenty field assistants, $2,003,440 has been set aside for the last half of the year, a sum greatly in excess of the $119,250 expended on the same branch up to June 30th last. The great increase in the number of American soldiers in England and the cost of erecting buildings of many sorts to provide for their comfort accounts for the difference in the two totals. The appropriation for the current six months includes an item of $180,000 to cover the cost of Christmas pres- ents to every American soldier in England on that festal day. Red Cross warehouses in London and Liverpool and other parts of the United Kingdom are well stocked with supplies for our soldier boys. The varied character of these supplies is shown in the following list dis- tributed by the warehouses in one month: Sweaters, 30,000; blankets, 2,000; razor blades, 10,000 shaving brushes, 2,000; mirrors, 2,000 tooth brushes, 10,000; paper napkins, 500,- 000; cigarettes, 5,000,000; socks, 30,000 pairs; gloves, 10,000 pairs; matches, 300,000 boxes; soap, 8,000 pounds; sweet chocolate, 2,000 pounds; chew- ing gum, 50,000 pieces; tooth paste, 10,000 tubes. - - A special appropriation of $429,300 has been made for the continuance of American Red Cross canteen service in Great Britain. This amount covers the cost of maintaining the canteen at United States Headquarters, the erection of permanent canteens at ten different points and the construction and maintenance of canteens in fifteen hospitals. On the entry of this coun- try into the war the American Red Cross depended largely on the can- teens already in operation in England, sharing the cost of their maintenance. Donations made by the American Red Cross to the British Red Cross, with whom it has been in close co- operation, reached a total of $2,169,- 975 by the end of June. Various Brit- ish institutions engaged in relief work will receive $119,250 during the latter half of the year. VOLUNTEER WORKERS More than 2,000 workers, two-thirds of the number volunteers, are now em- ployed in American Red Cross work- rooms in England. They are produc- ing about 300,000 surgical dressings every month and recently filled an ur- gent order from the American army for 200,000 first aid packages, a total output of 2,240,000 separate articles, with a promptness that brought com- mendation from army officers. Six hundred American women, now residing in England, are members of the “Care Committee.” They keep in touch with every wounded American - (Concluded on page 7) T H E R F D C R O S S B U L L E TI 3 N EASING BIRD-MANNERVES Writer From War Zone Tells of Distinctive Canteen Work at Aviation Camps (Special Paris Correspondence.) The one branch of the army in this war which has retained something of chivalric spirit of former wars is the aviation service. Like the Crusaders of old, the aviators today journey forth to combat, knowing that upon individual skill, daring and courage rests the outcome. But looking at the aviator from a purely material standpoint, free of any sentiment whatever, the aviators are the most valuable individuals among the rank and file of combatants. The army spends thousands of dol- lars and months of training on each man flying in the service. His equip- ment—the aeroplane—is the most val- uable single war instrument provided for any individual in the army. So, apart from all sentimental considera- tions, the aviator deserves and obtains an unusual amount of personal atten- tion. Because his morale, or mental con- dition, is of first importance in deter- mining his value as a combatant, it is the aim of the army to keep his spirits always at a high level. Pleasant sur- roundings and an atmosphere of con- geniality and repose when off duty are essential to the accomplishment of this purpose. - To the aid of the American fighting force in this particular work has come the Red Cross. A staff of workers have been assigned to provide recrea- tion and entertainment to various American aviation camps on the now far-flung battle front. built barrack or hut, constructed by the Red Cross and outfitted by that organization to provide a pleasant at- mosphere in which to spend their leisure hours. Here one always finds a piano, cushioned benches, lounging chairs and plenty of reading material. A phonograph with the latest successful records is also a part of the standard CANTEEN AT AN AMERICAN AVIATION CAMP - At each isolated spot where the han- gars of the American air service have been set up will be found a specially OFFICERS’ ROOM, AMERICAN AVIATION CAMP CANTEEN equipment. For music is especially dear to the heart of the flying men. The Red Cross not only keeps the recreation barrack attractive, but also looks after the comfort of the men while on the flying field. The “alerte tent,” where the aviators on duty must spend their hours while waiting for orders to take to the air is furnished with easy chairs and plenty of read- ing material by the Red Cross. As to the value of this work, no greater compliment could have been paid to the Red Cross than to have received a request from the com- mander of the independent bombing squadrons of the English Royal Air Service, stationed in this zone, to ex- tend its activities to their camps. “The work that the American Red Cross is doing for its own aviators is invaluable,” was the statement of the commanding officer of the English forces. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TI N THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington, D. C. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR BY SUBSCRIPTION National Officers of the American Red Cross WOODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . P ice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . - . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor StockTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM HowARD TAFT, Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WAbsworth . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, JR. HARVEY D. GIBSON JoHN D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 7, 1918 The Red Cross Bulletin Application has been made to enter The Red Cross Bulletin as second class mail matter, and hereafter it will have a subscription price of one dollar a year. The price for single copies will be five cents. The Red Cross Bulletin endeavors to keep the Red Cross workers throughout the country in intimate touch with their national organization. Not only is it designed to make it a record in summarized form of the most important activities of the Amer- ican Red Cross, and a symposium of national headquarters news; its pur- pose also is to serve as a medium of added inspiration to all who are en- listed under the emblem in humanity's cause. Through the recording of events and plans, and in the telling and interpretation, by printed word and pictorially, of the Red Cross story in its week-to-week progress, it is hoped to make it an influence in this great world-wide movement. Survey Not Enrollment Some confusion seems to exist re- garding the relationship between the national survey of nursing resources, which the Red Cross has undertaken at the request of government military authorities, and the enrollment of nurses for service with the Army and Navy, which also is a Red Cross ac- tivity. The two things are wholly dis- tinct, and a salutary effect will be had if Red Cross workers will take pains to clarify the situation in their re- spective localities. The purpose of the enrollment cam- paign under the direction of the De- partment of Nursing is obvious. The only purpose of the survey, under the direction of a special bureau at Ila- tional Red Cross headquarters, is to establish accurate and complete data with respect to all available resources from which the needs of the future may be supplied. Apparently there is a wide-spread impression that women responding to requests for informa- tion as to their nursing qualifications, pledge themselves to service or subject themselves to some sort of draft. It is important that this impression be corrected if the best results are to be obtained. Call. It “Roll-Call” Do not refer to it as the “Christmas membership drive” or the “member- ship campaign.” The official designa- tion, and the only proper character- ization of the demonstration that will occupy the attention of the American people, under the auspices of the American Red Cross, immediately pre- ceding the coming holiday season, is “The Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call.” The object of the Christmas Roll- Call is to register in terms of active participation the spirit of a nation. The spirit in question is personified in Red Cross membership. It is not to be a “campaign” to raise a war fund, nor a “drive” to strengthen the mate- rial resources of the Red Cross or- ganization. Its main objective is the extension of Red Cross membership to the uttermost limit, thereby show- ing to the rest of the peoples who are struggling for the preservation of Liberty on earth that the support be- hind the fighting millions under Free- dom’s flags, so far as this country is concerned, is not only moral support —that it is an actual humanized force. See to it that no false conception of the purpose of the Roll-Call finds lodgement anywhere; and, while em- phasizing the grandeur of the move- ment under its only logical name, keep everlastingly in mind the idea to— “Make it unanimous.” Mr. Gompers’ Interview It is difficult, if not impossible, for anyone to appreciate with full force the greatness of the American Red Cross work in the war zone, just as it is to grasp the meaning of the war itself to the people “over there” with- out seeing things on the spot. Some- times, however, the personal contact is transmitted with particular force to those far away, and this is exemplified in the interview with Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, recently cabled to this coun- try, and reproduced on another page. Mr. Gompers, busy with important problems affecting the war, found time to visit American wounded in some of the hospitals. Fully ac- quainted with the Red Cross work at home, his observations of the trans- ported application of relief and its stimulating effect on our boys made an impression which he seems to have regarded as imposing a duty—the sending of that impression to his fel- low countrymen. His brief interview and recital of his personal experience as a distributor of Red Cross cheer makes the heart of the Red Cross member at home beat a little faster, A whole volume of appreciation may at times be conveyed in a few words. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 SEVERAL SCORE NURSES ARE REQUIRED FOR EACH OF THE ARMY BASE HOSPITALS. THIS GROUP CONSTITUTES THE NURSING STAFF AT THE BASE HOSPITAL AT CAMP WHEELER In the Van for Permanent Peace By Jane A. Delano, Director of the Department of Nurs- ing, American Red Cross. (This is the twelfth of Miss Delano’s articles dealing with the mobiliza- tion of nursing resources.) “If I thought I was fighting for any- thing but a permanent peace, I’d die before I’d go back to the front,” said a wounded American soldier to his nurse, and the understanding smile that met his remark echoed the senti- ment and told why the grey-clad fig- ure so carefully bandaging the crushed arm had made her sacrifice. This war is the most unique that has ever been fought; first, because it is a war for peace; secondly, because there is scarcely anyone on the face of the earth who has not an active place in it. The President of the United States knew it when he called upon the en- tire country to mobilize. The Red Cross realized it when it began to en- roll for service a special group of patriots, the trained nurses. DOWN-HEARTED2 NO ! It is known that 25,000 of these nurses are needed between now and January 1, 1919, to join the ranks of Americans who are fighting for the “permanent peace.” More than 18,000 nurses have answered the call and are in war service. - It is a seemingly endless stream of human misery they are called upon to help stem, but they are not discour- aged—often, and even then the dis- couragement seldoms finds expression in written words. Their letters are hopeful, splendid, and full of the vision that knows the real meaning of ser- vice, at last. These nurses, who are serving in foreign lands, or doing their share in the cantonments, or battling in the shipyards and munition plants against the present epidemic of Spanish In- fluenza, serve without thought of self. Yet there are still in the country many thousand nurses who have not reported themselves at the service of their country, or submitted reasons why they can not respond at this time. It is not, I feel sure, that they are lacking in spirit of patriotism, but only that they do not realize that the need for them as individuals has yet Corne. KEEP PACE WITH TROOPS Efficiency and the lack of it have played large parts in the success and failures of this war. The Red Cross recognizes its duty of enrolling every woman in the United States with nurs- ing training as the highest type of war efficiency. The Red Cross enrollment is a part of the President’s mobiliza- tion scheme, and is an important fac- tor in the general “Yankee” deter- mination to win the war. Our nurses are needed in France. If the war is to continue on its present scale we will need, it is estimated 50,000 trained nurses and student nurses by July 1, 1919, to meet the needs of war. There are approximately 100,000 nurses in the United States; so far about 29,000 have enrolled. To secure the 25,000 nurses needed by January 1st, it will be necessary to assign them to war service at the rate of 112 per day for the rest of the year. The casualty lists are increasing, and every day from the cantonments thou- sands of men are sent silently away to “somewhere in France.” The need for nurses is increasing in like man- ner, and many thousand nurses must be sent as quickly and as silently if our sick and wounded are to be cared for. “It is a curious sensation,” writes one nurse from a camp in the South, “to observe the camp crowded with men for a few days, all busy with many duties, drills, parades and ex- ercises, a continual moving mass, then to face the empty camp streets, deserted and silent, a haunting still- ness over all, where only a few hours before there was movement and laughter, songs and banter, the play- ing of the bands, and the shrill call of the bugles. THE GRAND FEELING “Several times I have come off night duty when a regiment was going out in the early morning, and I have been fortunate enough to see them start, to wave farewell, and send a blessing with them—‘may God be with you, wher- ever you go!’ and I go back to my quarters with a feeling that it's good to be an American these days.” “What are you fighting for?” an American soldier prisoner was asked by a German officer. “We’re fighting for Alsace-Lorraine,” he replied. Not for money, rank, glory, but for free- dom and permanent peace. Can our nurses do less? Can they hold back from selfish motives, when our boys are giving so freely? I do not believe it and my faith is firm that when the need reaches them, they will not fail to respond. 6 T H E H E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AN ARTIST IN OLD SICILY Lays Aside Palette for the Glori- fied Task of Relieving Human Suffering (Special Rome Correspondence) This is the story of D. S. Mac- Laughlin, American etcher and paint- er, and of how, as a member of the American Red Cross, in Italy, he re- linquished fame and fortune in the world of art the better to alleviate, to the best of his ability, the suffering in war-torn Sicily. His wife shares his work, It is hard work that Captain and Mrs. MacLaughlin have been doing, but in spite of this both have stuck to the job without faltering. They have been unwilling to leave, even for a short rest. As a matter of fact, they can’t leave. They are caught in the trap that holds every Red Cross worker in Italy. The work, once un- der way, soon grows beyond the pos- sibility of adequate assistance; every worker finds himself doing the work of two or three. The case of Palermo and Mac- Laughlin may be described briefly. He has under his direction, in the city of Palermo alone, the Asilo Garibaldi, where 355 children from three to six years old, the sons and daughters of soldiers, are looked after—fed, clothed and taught; the Asilo Rugiero Settino, where there are 475 children; a “creche” or nursery for 125 babies; a work-room employing 60 women; all dependent members of soldiers’ fami- lies; a boys’ “recrotorio,” where the American Red Cross helps feed 600 boys; a sea-side summer home for REFUGEES AT DOOR OF RED CROSS DISPENSARY, TAORMINA SICILY sickly children, now in process of or- ganization; two warehouses that must be kept filled with food and materials from America, but where the stock must be kept in constant movement by shipments and distributions; a can- teen at the railway station. In this relief work Captain Mac- Laughlin and his aides have had the whole-hearted cooperation of many Sicilian women, without which Red Cross work in Palermo would be con- siderably handicapped. This fact might be converted into a general statement descriptive of the entire American Red Cross work in Italy. It is men like these and women like these who are leading the American Army of Mercy in Italy. There is the case of Taormina, the center of Amer- ican Red Cross activities in the eastern half of the island. Taormina has been given over to the problems of war. Its great hotels are no longer filled with pleasure-seekers, but refugees from war's invasion. It was because of these hotels that the Italian Govern- ment, at the moment of emergency, sent 1,500 refugees to the little re- sort, one-third as many as the entire native population of the place. Responsible for the work in Taor- mina is Winifred Putnam, a New York girl, still in her twenties. The young woman is the directing head of a convalescent home for children, a health center, with district nurses look- ing after 175 families regularly; a dis- pensary where 165 persons are treated almost daily; a diet kitchen, a soup kitchen for refugees, feeding 700 daily; two work-rooms, employing about 200 women; four store-rooms, and a sea- side home for sickly children. Children’s Ambulance Bombed A German air plane recently bombed a children’s ambulance belonging to the American Fund for French Wounded, and used to transport pa- tients from district Red Cross dis- pensaries to the American Red Cross hospital at Toul. The ambulance was waiting in front of a police station at when the bomb struck the car, burying it in the shattered walls of a house across the street. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MR. GOMPERS THRILLED Finds Red Cross Inspiration in England in the Spirit of American Wounded Samuel Gompers, President of the Federation of Labor, has been a prom- inent figure in the news from abroad during the last few weeks. An inter- view with him, cabled from London, after a visit to American wounded in hospitals in England, is of special in- terest to Red Cross folk. It follows: “I have just shaken hands with sev- eral hundred wounded Americans from the western front. In every case I thanked the boys for what they had done, gave them a few words of en- couragement and hope for the future and told them that the American peo- ple are behind them with all they pos- SeSS. “‘Sure they are,” was the inevitable comment they made, with a broad smile that you could not mistake for anything except American. A more cheerful lot of wounded men it would be hard to find. “It was really marvelous, this Amer- ican spirit. It was my first contact with wounded Americans and my first visit to a hospital in the war zone. The first thing I decided to do after arriving in England was to visit a crowd of our boys fresh from the fighting line, to hear their stories, see how they were getting on and give them some words of cheer. “Thanks to the Red Cross, I had this wish gratified three days after my ar- rival in England. Major E. H. Fisk, commanding officer of the hospital, welcomed us with open arms. He comes from Brooklyn, and I had met him in New York. He was surrounded by groups of the most cheerful crowd of wounded men imaginable. I recog- nized some of them at once. One of them, John Delmonte, was a neighbor of our family in New York, and I was able to give him first-hand informa- tion that all was well at home. He was very glad. “Well, I walked about there among the men, handing them cigarettes, American flags and comfort bags made SOLDIERS IN ENGLISH HOSPITAL VISITED BY MR. GOMPERS by Red Cross women in America. “Our visit was unannounced and the boys were surprised and pleased. The Red Cross had sent out with us a motor car full of things which we distributed. The cigarettes were from two shipments sent over by the people of Providence, R. I., and by the Rotary Club of Honolulu. “Each packet had a little card by which the men could acknowledge the gift. It was a pleasure for me to hand these gifts to the men. They came from America and I thought of every one as a link between these sol- diers and their mothers, wives and sweethearts in America. If the Red Cross did nothing more than distrib- ute these things it would be worth while to be a member of the Red Cross of America. “While I was talking with the con- valescents on the lawn, a pretty big crowd began to gather and somebody asked for a speech... I could not re- fuse and I gave them a personal mes- sage from the folks at home. I told them how grateful everybody was for the sacrifice they had already made, and for the further sacrifices I knew they were prepared to make for the ideals of America. “I gave them a mental picture of the situation at home since they had left, and of how everybody was working for the war and backing up the Army and Navy with everything necessary to bring victory.” Work in Great Britain (Concluded from page 2) soldier in that country. The commit- tee makes about 5,000 visits to wounded soldiers every month, cheer- ing the men and supplying them with comforts. Allied with this work is the home communication service, established by the Red Cross to keep the men in service in touch with relatives in the United States. Less than two thousand dollars was spent for these two services up to the end of June. The appropriation for the last half of the year is $71,550, the increase re- flecting the importance both classes of work have attained. The sum of $71,550 has been set aside to provide a club and a hospital for army and Red Cross nurses. In conclusion the report emphasizes the fact that the American Red Cross is at the service of the American sol- dier from the time he lands in England until he leaves for France. The head- quarters of the Red Cross is in Gros- venor Gardens. An appropriation of $119,250 has been made to cover the operating expenses of the organization in England for the six months ending December 31st. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Fighting Spanish Grippe To battle with the epidemic of Span- ish influenza that is sweeping over the Atlantic seaboard, the American Red Cross is calling out its home de- fense nurses, and assigning them to camps, hospitals and ship-building plants in cooperation with the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, the Federal Public Health Service and hospitals for essential war industries. Several hundred are already on duty. It is hoped that the situation can be met without calling on the nurses holding themselves for foreign service. Several thousand contagion masks have been released at headquarters from a reserve supply, for distribu- tion by division directors. Leaves to Join Army George W. Hill, of New York, vice- t president of the American Tobacco Company, has resigned as director of the Department of Foreign Relief of the American Red Cross. Mr. Hill, who recently returned from a three months’ trip through France and Italy in the interests of the Red Cross, is leaving the organization to accept a commission as captain in the motor transport service of the army. The War Council has named Albert H. Gregg, of Upper Montclair, N. J., to succeed Mr. Hill as head of the for- eign relief work. Mr. Gregg has been assistant director of the department for the last six months. A German's Lost Bet The following illuminating letter was received at the Fourteenth Red Cross Division headquarters from John M. Keith, treasurer of the Costa Rico Chapter: “Some months ago a rather promi- nent German, talking of the war at the club, declared that it would be im- possible for the United States to send an expeditionary force to France that would have any decisive effect on the results of the war. An American present offered to bet $5.00 that by the first of August we should have a million men in France. Yesterday the German called to pay the $5.00 and stated that at the time he wagered the bet such an accomplishment did not seem believable; but that it had hap- pened and that now he saw that their cause was hopeless. “The American gave me the $5.00 for the American Red Cross, and I enclose it herewith, as it occurs to me that this particular note ought to be returned home to the States as a straw which shows which way the wind blows, at least amongst the commer- cial class of Germans.” International Monument The Association of Swiss Artists, Sculptors and Architects has sug- gested the erection of an international monument to the Red Cross, at Gen- eva. The association plans an inter- national movement in support of the project, which meets with the approval and provokes the enthusiasm of the International Committee to whom the idea was submitted. The idea is not new. At the inter- national conference of 1884, a Swiss sculptor, M. Kissling, suggested the raising of such a monument in Geneva, to stand on the Promenade du Pin. The conference held at Carlsruhe in 1887, however, frowned upon the prop- osition, and nothing was heard of it again until the Geneva conference of 1906, when it was again mentioned. Until the present, however, no definite steps have been taken towards the realization of the idea. Mrs. Hoover Gives Services Mrs. Herbert C. Hoover, wife of the National Food Administrator, has been appointed assistant director of the Bureau of Canteen Service. She will have charge of organizing and developing the Red Cross canteen ser- vice in connection with hospital trains. Mrs. Hoover has volunteered for the period of the war. Fifty tons of books a month are be- ing shipped to the American forces OVer SeaS. Medal for Red Cross Woman The first American to receive the gold Medal of Honor for Epidemics, from France, is a woman, Dr. Daisy M. Oreleman Robinson, of the Amer- ican Red Cross Children’s Bureau, ac- cording to a report received at Amer- ican Red Cross headquarters. This honor medal is awarded by the French Minister of War for noteworthy work during epidemics. It was bestowed upon Dr. Robinson in recognition of her service to the French wounded, as assistant to Dr. Paul Gastou. Dr. Robinson is the wife of Dr. Andrew Rose Robinson, Professor of Dermatology at the New York Poly- clinic Hospital. Until she resigned to go to France she was president of the Woman’s Auxiliary Board of New York Polyclinic Hospital. She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fel- low of the Academy of Medicine of New York, and also a fellow of the American Medical Association. Made a Fine Record Bentley P. Neff, of Duluth, who for several months has had charge of the New York Bureau of Purchases of the National Red Cross organization, has been recalled to his duties as vice- president of the F. A. Patrick Com- pany, which is engaged in extensive war work. It was due largely to his instrumentality that the purchasing of the Red Cross was co-ordinated with the Government, which action elimin- ated a very perplexing problem in the market. Mr. Neff has placed orders for tex- tiles and blankets amounting to over thirty millions of dollars.. Every or- der has been placed in a manner to safeguard the interest of the Red Cross and produce the maximum re- sults for the money spent. Edward H. Wise, formerly presi- dent of Wise Bros., manufacturers, of New York and Baltimore, will suc- ceed Mr. Neff. Ty Cobb, the baseball star, has given his three bats and his glove to the Red Cross to be auctioned. - - V. º ºf 4. Theº R d Cross Bulletin V ol. II WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 14, 1918 WOMEN DIRECTORS OF PERSONNEL COMPLETE PLANS FOR IMMEDIATE RECRUITING OF 2000 CANTEEN AND HUT WORKERS FOR FRANCE The American Red Cross needs at once 2,000 women for canteen and hospital hut The highest type of American women is needed for this serve They must be women who are strong, cheerful, energetic, self-reliant, and typically American, capable of self- sacrifice and devotion. Recent cablegrams service in France. ice. received from France within the last few weeks have emphasized the importance of recruiting personnel to meet the needs of the can- teen and hut situation with the utmost dispatch, and of expediting the sailing of those whose services The importance of the work can only be appreciated by visiting the spot, he added. The directors of personnel were entertained at luncheon at “Twin Oaks,” the home of Henry P. Davison, and a dinner also was given in their honor. Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., presided at the dinner. There were short talks by Mr. Bliss, B. F. Keppel, Assistant Secretary. of War; Col. K. C. Masteller, of the In- telligence Bureau of the War Depart- ment; Mrs. August Belmont, assistant to the War Council, and Mr. F. A. Poor and Miss Martha Draper, cf the National offered them in the world’s history.” The Red Cross canteens in France are located all the way across the country from the coast to the towns immediately behind the lines. Operation of the hos- pital hut service has only lately been be- gun by the Red Cross. Hospital huts for convalescent patients are now established in connection with all base hospitals. For each 2,000 beds of hospitalization there is to be a recreation hut operated by four or five women. Broadly speak- ing, two kinds of work are carried on by the women enrolled in the hut service. They run a branch are accepted. In or- der to promote plans to meet the appeal sent from the other side the wo— men directors of the divisional Bureaus of Personnel met in Washington 1 a st Monday and Tues- day. Measures were adopted which, it is believed, will result in the immediate supplying of person- nel to meet the re- quirements. One of the cable- grams setting forth the pressing person- requirements came from Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council, and expressed a view gained through personal chservation in the war zone. Mr. Davison referred to the daily in- crease in demands for service to the American troops, and declared his belief that if the opportunity for service could be made known to the American people more than a plenty would volunteer for the work. Women considering canteen service, Mr. Davison declared, must not think of it merely as pouring coffee, but rather as an opportunity to cheer and influence the men. n e 1 Red Cross organization. American Red Cross building, October 8, 1918. Red Cross Department of Personnel. Mrs. Belmont expressed the thought that this is the greatest opportunity that has ever come to women in the history of the world—this new field of going out with an army. She declared that to be of real assistance it is necessary to send only the fittest women. “The women we send abroad,” she said, “not only represent American womanhood but they must represent the mothers and sisters and those dearest to the men with our own army. Make our women feel that this is the greatest opportunity ever Women Divisional Directors of Personnel, with Mrs. August Belmont, Assistant to the War Council (second from left in front row) and other women officials of the National From photograph taken at entrance to of the Government Q u a r term aster’s store, dispense hot drinks, run the Red Cross hospital li- and arrange informal ments for the con- The y also act as searchers for casualty inform- ation, brary, entertain- valescents. a work re- tact, re- quiring great sympathy and sourcefulness, letters for the sol- write diers, and perform many other tasks for which the nurses have no time. Women entering the canteen and hos- pital and hut serve ice must be between and thirty-five years of age. They must serve for a minimum of six months, or for one year if their expenses are defrayed by the Red Cross. Further details with respect to quali- fications may be obtained by applicants for appointment, in either branch of the service, from the pamphlets printed by the bureaus of personnel. The work offers great opportunity to those who are capable of rendering the cheering service that is demanded and who have the health and strength to stand the strain. twenty-five T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN FIGHTING THE EPIDEMIC Full Limit of Red Cross Resources Made Available at Call of Public Health Service Cutting all red tape and putting its re- sources completely into use for the emer- gency, the American Red Cross entered the campaign against the epidemic of in- fluenza. Surgeon General Rupert Blue, of the Public Health Service, called upon the Red Cross for help October 2. The War Council responded at once by ap- propriating $575,000 and appointing a committtee to make the fight. W. Frank Persons, director general of Civilian Relief, was made chairman of this committee and the following were named to serve upon it: S. M. Greer, assistant general manager of the Red Cross; Willoughby Walling, of the gen- eral manager’s staff; Dr. Allen Shipley, of the Red Cross Medical Advisory Board; Miss Jane Delano, director of the Red Cross Nursing Service; Frank Letts, director of the Department of Sup- plies; L. J. Hunter, deputy comptroller; Charles H. Blair, assistant director gen- eral of Military Relief; Major Clark of the Bureau of Sanitary Service, and J. Byron Deacon, assistant director general of Civilian Relief. Instructions began to issue at Once from national headquarters to all the di. vision managers of the Red Cross. By telegraph they were informed that the Red Cross resources in money, in Sur- gical and medical supplies, in nurses and in publicity, were at the service of all afflicted communities. The needs of each community, however, are to be met from its own resources as far as possible. Whenever local needs become more ur- gent than can promptly be met by the health authorities the local Red Cross chapter is authorized to offer its aid. If these, working together, prove insuffi- cient the local health officer will apply to the state board of health for assist- ance. From the state boards of health the appeals may be made to the Federal Public Health Service for nurses, and to the division offices of the Red Cross for supplies. In many storehouses in all parts of the United States the Red Cross has medical supplies. Red Cross managers are au- thorized by the national committee to devote these supplies to the campaign against the epidemic whenever neces- sary. They will be replaced later for War USe. In accordance with the recommenda- tions of General Blue, the participation of the Red Cross shall extend to the fur- . nishing of needed nurses and emergency hospital supplies for the whole campaign. The nurses will be paid by the Red Cross, and all expenses in connection with mobilizing them will be borne from the appropriation of $575,000. Hos- pital supplies will be furnished in what- ever quantity is made necessary by the lack of local resources. NURSES MOBILIZED. It was decided that 600 nurses would be needed and immediate steps were taken to mobilize them. The determina- tion of where and when these nurses are to be used will be left as the campaign develops to the officer of the Public Health Service. Nurses will not be called from necessary civilian work, however, unless the state boards of health and Public Health Service consider them more necessary for the campaign. Full use of the Red Cross organization is to be brought to bear by the naming of a committee for each chapter. This committee, in co-operation with the representative of the Public Health Service, will make a survey of the avail- able nurses and hospital supplies in that community. All Red Cross members will take an active part in the fight to prevent the spread of the disease by helping to dis- tribute, as their chapters shall direct, the leaflets giving simple precautionary advice. All Red Cross members are be- ing urged not to develop a panic—not to let public opinion run wild in the mat- ter of influenza—but to see that the gen- eral precautions are taken which will bring it within control. An opportunity for all volunteers is provided by instructions which issued from the chairman of the committee last Monday morning. Following the success- ful experience of many chapters, he sug- gested that volunteer housekeepers be mobilized by chapters to take care of families stricken by the epidemic. These women have cooked food at central stations and distributed it by motor serv- ice, taken care of children and have as- Sumed nursing duties when nurses could not be obtained. The demand for men and women to do Red Cross work is constantly increasing. Read the announce- ment on page 12. RELIEF AFTER EXPLOSION Quick Aid Rendered to Injured and Refugees from Scene of Mu- nitions Plant Disaster Relief work was begun by the Atlantic Division of the American Red Cross im- mediately following the disastrous muni- tions plant explosion at Morgan, N. J., on Friday, October 4. Hundreds of refugees crossed to New York City and were met by Red Cross motor corps ambulances, which took them to hospitals, to hotels where ac- commodations had been secured for them by the Red Cross, or to the homes of friends. Twenty-five ambulances and six motor wagons, mobilized in New York County, and twenty-five ambulances from the New Jersey district were sent at once to the scene of the disaster, and went into the danger zone to bring out the killed and wounded and refugees. Every care Was given those requiring aid, and emer- gency camps began to provide meals and sleeping quarters. Headquarters of the Red Cross, to which organization all relief work was turned over, were established in the Board of Trade rooms in Perth Amboy, with Alexander M. Wilson, director of Civilian Relief for the Atlantic Division, in charge. He was assisted by Dr. Riley, of the Brooklyn chapter of the Red Cross; John S. Ellsworth, representing the New York County chapter; J. W. Faust, assistant director of the Bureau of Civilian Relief, and Judge George S. Selzer, of the Red Cross Chapter at Metuchen, New York. London Club for Nurses To meet the need of American nurses the London Chapter of the American Red Cross has founded the American Nurses’ Club at 42 Grosvenor Place, London. The Countess of Granard, formerly Miss Beatrice Willey, of New York, has given up a floor of Forbes House to start an annex to the nurses’ club. Bedrooms are available for the use of members at the nominal charge of half a dollar a night, theater tickets are often put at tle disposal of members, and the com- mittee in charge arranges for drives and excursions through London. Clifford I. Voorhees, of New Bruns- wick, N. J., has been appointed associate counsel to the Department of Personnel, at National Red Cross Headquarters. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN RELIEF IN REMOTE PLACES How Red Cross Money Eases Dis- tress of Many Peoples Beyond Western Theatre of War The work in Russia, Siberia, the Balkans and the Near East is dealt with in the seventh instalment of the Red Cross War Council reports on the use that is being made of the war funds. A synopsis of the re- port follows: For relief work in European Russia the Red Cross has spent to date $2,807,919. Of this, $531,000 was for milk for the ba- bies of Petrograd, $68,975 for 125 mo- tor a m bul a n c e s, $384,163 for medical and surgical Sup- plies. One hundred and twenty thousand dollars were spent for the relief of refu- gees in Siberia and ſafar, % º Switzerland, and for destitute families of soldiers in Russia. For the relief of 25,000 railway ployees at the north- ern terminus of the Murmansk railroad, enºl- - ////////////////////// % / % % % %, 4. Bºžº The call for personnel and supplies has been magnificently answered by Ameri- cans in Osaka, Pekin, Tokio, Shanghai, Manila. A base hospital with 300 beds is to be equipped, also an evacuation hos- pital and several field units. An employ- ment bureau is operating at Vladivostok, another at Harbin, a refugee dispensary is to be opened, also a dispensary car to serve scattered groups farther west. // % º ; soldiers penned up in Moldavia, the mountainous northern third of Roumania, by the rapid German advance. Two hos- pitals were taken over, $100,000 was spent for general relief work, and $47,000 for administration expenses. For work in Serbia, $1,244,197 has been appropriated. Seeds and agricultural im- plements were provided, at a cost of $244,438, to enable the Serbs to culti- vate what was left of their country. Four h und red thou- hundred dollars was spent for food a n d clothing for refugees scattered through Northern Greece—this figure including about $75,- 000 for food pur- chased at Bucha- rest in 1916, and $25,000 for relief of Serb refugees in Si- beria. Thirty thou- sand one hundred and thirteen dollars twenty-nine sand five ninety-six w a s appropriated for maintenance of a hospital at Vode- na, and $48,598 for a Hental contingent to serve the Serbian army. Fifty thou- sand dollars was $179,000 was appro- i - also given to the priated. For the re- - ź % - - Serbian Red Cross. lief of returning º º //// º For Greece, $375,- Russian prisoners, *… zº ſ!!!! ////// º 000 has been appro- $1,511,233 was ap- * * % priated. A commis- propriated in July, º | % sion to Greece, with which sum %/* which will adminis- / sever a 1 thousand tons of food, drugs and soap were pur- chased and forward- ed by a ship which has now reached ter this sum, sailed THE SPIRIT OF “CARRY ON” Archangel. A Red Cross party of thirteen commanded by Major C. T. Williams of Baltimore, ac- companied the shipment. In Siberia $4,273,200 has been ex- pended. The greater part of this was for winter clothing for the refugees and the Czecho-Slovak troops. A hospital of 250 beds for the accommodation of Czech wounded was equipped at a cost of $10,000, and $20,450 was spent for the relief of refugees. In Roumania, the work of the Red Cross Commission ended with the humil- iating peace forced on that country. But between September, 1917, and March, 1918, when they left, they accomplished much. The total appropriations for Roumania amount to $2,676,369. A little less than two million and a half of this was spent for food, clothing and medical sup- plies for the plague ridden refugees and The late Lieut. Edward M. McKey, who was killed while in command of a Red Cross rolling can- teen on the Piave battle line, and the Misses Electa E. (left) and Laura M. McKey, who soon will sail for Italy to take up Red Cross work. The pictures of the Misses McKey are from portraits painted by their brother in 1917 just before he sailed for Europe. from America in September, princi- pally for relief among the Greek population, among whom is a great deal of suffering, due to the mobilization of the army. An aggregate of $3,000,000 was con- tributed to the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, for their work in Asia Minor, and in Palestine, the appropriations amount to $590,553. This is for relief and industrial service work among the destitute Syrians, for the maintenance of a general dispensary, (Concluded on page 9.) 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN *-*~~~~~~~~~<-------- - ------------------------- - - - - --- - - -> --> THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUVRSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow W LSON . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. HAR v FY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT Eliot WADsworth WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 14, 1918 All-Reaching Relief Not war alone exemplifies the blessed- ness of organized relief work under the Red Cross emblem. It is the silver lining to every cloud that casts the shadow of distress on humanity throughout the world. In time of pestilence and in the moment of sudden disaster its ministra- tions alleviate and console. It is the grand agency for the transmission of man’s practical sympathy and aid to his suffering fellow man. Two emergencies have tested the abil- ity of the American Red Cross to re- spond to sudden demands within the last fortnight. One was the critical situa- tion precipitated by the Spanish influenza epidemic, and the other came with the toll of death and suffering caused by the terrible explosion at Perth Amboy, N. J. In both instances the quickness with which the Red Cross machinery was set in motion to effect relief stood forth as a matter of foremost importance in con- nection with the news of the calamitous happenings. These emergencies were rendered more acute by the demands upon nursing re- Sources made by the war. But readiness for the unexpected has come to be one of the watchwords of the American Red Cross, and if there be any pride in Red Cross achievement it should be the pride of the individual member, arising out of the realization that he forms an integral part of an organization which carries re- lief into every corner where distress pre- vails. Chapter Annual Meetings The annual meetings of Red Cross chapters this year will have a special im- portance. Every effort should be made to develop an interest in them beyond the transaction of the usual routine busi- ness. This interest should combine the general plans for extending Red Cross membership to the adult population of the country, without limit, and the culti- vation of a still stronger spirit of en- deavor and a more intimate understand- ing of the broadening activities that must occupy the attention of Red Cross workers in the coming months. Most of the chapters will have their meetings on Wednesday, October 23– that being the date fixed for all operating under standard by-laws—which is the day set by resolution of the War Coun- cil for the inauguration of “The Silent Moment” in Red Cross work-rooms throughout the land. Ratification of this idea can be made a particularly impres- sive feature of the meetings. The meetings will afford splendid op- portunity to spread the gospel of Home Service—an opportunity that should be utilized to the fullest degree. Many other interesting suggestions will be found in the letter on the subject, ad- dressed to chapters from National Red Cross headquarters. The suggestions, amplified by ideas which may be perti- nent to the communities directly con- cerned, will provide a means of making these thousands of meetings, simultane- ously held, of incalculable value in the stimulation of public interest in the whole Red Cross work. It is hoped that all active workers in the chapters will realize their duty to make October 23 a red letter day in Red Cross annals. Do not put aside this number of The Bulletin until you have read all of the important announcement on page 12. The Tie That Binds Free Peoples The American Red Cross is cooper- ating in Siberia in a most helpful and complete way with the Japanese Red Cross. Recently President Ishiguro of the Japanese Red Cross made a speech to the Japanese Unit leaving Tokio for Vladivostok, and giving his final instruc- tions, he said: “You are to belong to the American Red Cross in Siberia—and so are your supplies. You are not two—but one! There is no national distinction between Red Cross forces! You must accomplish your noble work for the sake of Human- ity and Civilization, and you are to co- Operate with the American Red Cross workers.” * And in writing to Mr. Davison, chair- man of the War Council of the American Red Cross, he says: “I am very happy that our two nations have been given such a chance to become friendly, and to know one another—both working under the same Symbol of Help. This will, of course, lead to the greater tightening of the bonds of friendship that already exist between the United States and Japan—a friendship that is destined to help in a very large measure, after this war, to preserve the peace of the world both in the West and in the East.” Chapter Receipt Forms Chapters have on occasions received sums from coal dealers, which represent refunds to coal consumers in cases where it has been impossible to locate the con- Sumer to whom the refund is due. The Fuel Administrator desires to call the chapters’ attention to the fact that in a number of cases the receipt, issued by the chapter for such refunds, does not bear the official letterhead of the Red Cross, or any designation by which the Fuel Administration can be assured that it is a bona fide Red Cross receipt; and, of course, they are not familiar with the signature of the chapter official signing such receipt. The chapters are, therefore, requested hereafter to issue, in the case of such re- funds, a receipt so designated that the Fuel Administration will have no diffi- culty in assuring itself that the Red Cross has actually received the amount stated. Refugee children hospitalized at Mont Louis, near the Spanish border, recently gave a play in honor of the women of the American Red Cross. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN © SaaS.S. S.S. º. º. º. º. º. º. º.º. º. º. º.º.º. º. o. 29.2°. © **** *...*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*. ************* ©’ ‘º <>, <> sº S. 29, , º, .º. 29.29, ,S.S. $, 2.0, .º.<> ********************.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*. 3&ººººººººººººººººººººººººººº-ºº::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: •..e. e. e. e. e. e. e...º.º.º.º.º.º.º.º.ºecº $33,333333333333°. * © ºvey ºr "º" ve ****** ºve’ ºve'vºvº ºve'vºve 3. 3. 3. : “SILENT MOMENT" IN RED CROSS WORK-R00MS THROUGHOUT LAND : 3. - * 3. 3. - .- 3. 3. \ EGINNING Wednesday, October 23, a minute of silence will reign in Red Cross workrooms through- 3. : out the United States, at the hour of noon daily, while thoughts are concentrated on and prayers : 3. breathed for the sons of America who are facing the enemies of Liberty in foreign lands and on 3. 3. the high seas. This impressive “Silent Moment” has been observed by the women of England for 3. 3. several months. It was inaugurated at the American Red Cross National headquarters in Washington on Oc- 3. : tober 3, following the reading by Mrs. August Belmont, assistant to the War Council, of this preamble and 3. 3. resolution: 3. 3. “The steady flow of Red Cross supplies to our own people and to our Allies is an evidence of the loyalty, 3. & devotion and service of our Red Cross workers. The assistance given is to a great degree material, but a 3. & spirit permeates each gift which immeasurably transcends the value of the gift itself. 3. : “We desire to preserve this spirit as the inspiration of our service. We hope as the work of our fighting ź 3. force increases that now more than ever Red Cross workers will make apparent our kinship of thought as well 3. 3. as kinship of effort, even through the rush and stress of active work. -- 3. # “Therefore, at a meeting of the War Council, held on Wednesday, October 2d, it was : 3. “RESOLVED, That every day at the hour of noon, in every workroom of the American Red Cross, 3. & throughout the whole of these United States, upon a given signal, all work shall cease for a period of one 3. § minute. During this time, in silence, we will solemnly concentrate our minds upon our beloved soldiers and 3. # sailors overseas who are so nobly offering their all, even unto their lives, for us. We will think as one, hope : 3. as one, for their definite victory and their individual well being; consecrating ourselves anew to our country 3. 3. and to those who fight, labor and suffer for her, becoming one with them in service. May this united prayer, 3. 3. gathering power from our love and faith, mount to heaven itself, descending thence in the midst of our dear 3. # ones wherever they may be, fall upon them as a benediction, to be at all times their comfort and their strength.” 3. *…*** <3 CHAPTER ANNUAL MEETINGS TO BE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS The annual meetings of the Red Cross chapters, operating under standard by- laws, will be held on the fourth Wednes- day of October (October 23). Letters have been sent to chapter chairmen throughout the country, emphasizing the appropriateness of having the meetings this year something more than the usual formal gathering for the election of offi- cers, the receiving of reports and the transaction of other routine business. It is urged that the meeting be made interesting and memorable by a well- considered program and suitable exer- cises. The hope is expressed that by holding meetings in the evening in large assembly halls, advertising them widely, having some good speakers, and pre- senting an interesting account not only of what the Red Cross is doing in the world-wide sense, but of what the re- spective chapters are accomplishing, the gatherings will be of real value to the chapters and to all who attend. Red Cross membership, it is pointed out, should be made increasingly sig- nificant, the idea being to impress every- one with the present day opportunity for patriotic service through active partici- pation in the organization. Here are some suggestions from Na- tional Headquarters for topics which might be dealt with at the annual meet- ings, either by a general statement or by talks given by the heads of the re- spective committees in charge: 1. Membership and Organization: showing the growth in membership and in the number of branches and auxil- iaries. 2. War Fund: the results of the first and second war fund, an account of the method of organization followed, and mention of those who were most helpful in carrying on the campaigns. 3. Home Service: with a general de- scription of the aim and scope of the work, and statistics of actual accomplish- ments, all going to show the immense value of this service to the families of soldiers and sailors, and to the soldiers and sailors themselves. 4. Canteen and Motor Corps Service. 5. Chapter Production of Relief Sup- plies: with an account of the develop- ment of the production of surgical dress- ings, hospital supplies, knitted comforts and other articles. 6. Red Cross Classes. 7. Junior Membership. 8. Nursing Service. The above is suggestive only of the range of activities of the chapter, with which the membership in general is sel- dom altogether familiar. It has been planned to bring to the at- tention of all the chapter meetings the resolution recently adopted by the Red Cross War Council relative to the ob- servance of the “Silent Moment,” daily, in Red Cross workrooms throughout the land. October 23, the date of the chapter annual meetings, is the day set for the inauguration of this impressive daily cer- emony on a nation-wide scale. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HOME SERVICE IN PANELS Traveling Educational Exhibit in Atlantic States Will Be Used in Other Divisions Education of the general public as to the necessity and methods of the Home Service of the American Red Cross is being carried on by an exhibit which is now traveling through the states of the Atlantic Division. This exhibit, prepared under the super- vision of Alexander M. Wilson, director of Civilian Relief of the Atlantic Diviz sion, was designed and written by Eliza- beth C. Watson and its color illustra- tions are by Helene Wood. It consists of sixteen panels, about three feet by five in size, on which are depicted the phases of life, both past and present, which are responsible for the great need of Home Service work and which show, with some detail, the solutions that are being offered by this branch of the Red Cross for the problems which war has brought. Some of these panels, in miniature, are repro- duced on this page. The first of these panels explains the viewpoint of the grandmother in whose day neighborly habits prevailed such as are no longer possible. The mother then tells, partly by means of colored pictures inset among the printed phrases, that factories have made tenements, and that people working away from home have little time to help neigh- bors. The railroads, the telegraph and other means of quick communication have brought the whole world closer. It is shown on the sequence of panels, HE MORALE OF AN ARMY DEPENDSUPON THE EASE OF MIND OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER ºn scantos, ºscº NEEDs of spºts ARENFEDEpio CARRIORIEHUMANNEDSOFIEMEN that in the grandmother's day, each per- son had to do some of many things while the present is the age of the specialists. Little sketches show the nurse in train- ing, the cook taking her domestic science course, the bridge builder studying en- gineering, the farmer at his agricultural school and she who loves “just folks,” in training for neighborhood work. Some of the things which the latter class of specialists have discovered are set forth; the woman ill, who does not recover because the letter does not come from France, the soldier in the French camp, bent with worry because his mother is ill and alone, the soldier who is depressed and saddened because his wife writes that her money is not received. Finally comes the announcement that the morale of an army depends upon the THE WAy: HOME SERVICE SECTION WORKS ease of mind of every individual soldier. The Red Cross has met the situation by starting Home Service all over the coun- try and providing friends in every line— doctors, lawyers, clergymen, mothers, business men and women, housekeepers, and so on, experts in sanitation, housing, food and health, who will give of their time, knowledge and kindly interest to secure that requisite ease of mind for the soldier or sailor, regarding those he has left behind. A panel of little pictures declares that “Responsibility for the Common good is the Root of Democracy,” and then shows the backyards cleaned, the family helped to more cheerful and sanitary living places, the aid given which enables the children to go to school, the wayward boy given a helping and yet restraining IN MY DAY - Neighbors Helped Nurse The Sick " " Care for the Children Make Your Clothes Pleagures Parties N NEIGHBORS shared their º º shared their roubles Now A Days THERE ARE No NEIGHBORS - º º hand, money loaned on unlimited time to the worried woman, the sending word of the arrival of new little citizens to their fathers in France and the brightening of lonely hours by cheering visits from Home Service workers. Home Service means as well, one of the last of the series of panels explains, the sympathy, friendship and understand- ing which must be shown in the after care of the disabled man, the keeping up of his family’s courage and most of all, some one to keep him from losing his grip. And finally, is told what can be done to help the Home Service, in the way of writing wholesome cheering letters to soldiers or sailors with good news of their families, the sending of newspapers and magazines, and the day by day task of being friendly and neighborly to the families of those who are fighting. Other divisions of the Red Cross in the United States are to send out exhibits along lines explaining their conceptions of what Home Service means. Eventu- ally, a standardized national exhibit will be prepared for use in all divisions. The Home Service, the next panels show, has faced this responsibility in many ways, such as sending special workers to every camp, cantonment, na- val training station and hospital, and by appointing special workers in every city, town and rural section from which men have gone to war, with a staff of workers in close touch with governmental depart- ments, to tell how to communicate with the men at the front, how to get the particulars if he is sick or wounded, how to obtain delayed payments. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AT CITY OF THE PROPHETS Voice of Holy Land, Transmitted Through Red Cross, in Prayer for America and President Correspondence just at hand contains an account of a reception given to the members of the American Red Cross Commission to Palestine by the people of Jerusalem. All Red Cross workers will read with greatest interest an address made on that occasion by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and the response made by Dr. John H. Finley, head of the commission. The address of the former, translated from the Arabic, follows: “God has created men varying in char- acter as much as they vary in appearance. Some are wicked, others good; some are pious, others impious, some are mis- chievous, others welldoers. “No one can dispute the fact known to God and confirmed by your noble history, Oh citizens of America, that out of com- passion and charity. He created you to do good to humanity and has through you always accomplished good work, keeping you innocent of all evil doing. “Joy and gladness to you and may God be praised who showers good on those as He desires. No one can wonder at this when you are the Children of so gen- erous a Mother, the great nation, I mean Great Britain with her glorious past and exalted glory. “When gold is found in a gold mine no one wonders. When things are found where Nature has placed them, again no one wonders. A cup can only yield what it contains. Such cubs can only be the offspring of such lions. “Your good works can not be counted; that you should extend your arm from beyond the seas to grasp the hand of that Mother, full of love and compassion, for one reason only, to further the cause of the oppressed and to turn aside with blows the hand of the oppressor in this bloody and fearful war, and like of which man has never seen before and, by God’s will, may never see again, such glory and honor before God and man will suffice. “To extend a helping hand to the chil- dren of Syria and Palestine in your native land, America, was not enough, but you have crossed the sea and desert and un- dergone the hardships of this present time to succor the poor and homeless widows and orphans of all Palestine and more especially of the Holy City, the City of the Prophets of God where we are all now united. “On behalf of these in general and of Moslems in particular I burn incense on the altars of gratitude, and pray the great God to make you a good reward, defend you from every evil, make your benevo- lent undertakings successful and hasten the days of peace which we all await impatiently. “I close by praying for his Majesty King George and his nation, for the President of the United States, Mr. Wil- son, and his countrymen, and for all those who love good and peace. Amen.” Responding to the address Dr. Finley said: “One of my happiest memories of Jeru- salem will ever be that which your gra- cious reception to me and my associate officers of the Red Cross Commission to Palestine has left in my mind and heart. Your hospitality, reaching through every sense of our spirits, is as the remembered fragrance of incense in some great and beautiful Orient room. “But I am especially pleased that we have more than the memory of this aroma of your welcome to us who have come as strangers to the gates of the Holy City; that through your written words, which by the kind offices of Had- dad Bey have been translated into our own language, we have the substance of your generous and noble thoughts, which will ever and inexhaustibly make new in- cense not only for ourselves but for the people of America whose good purposes toward those of your solicitous concern we represent. “I shall have particular pleasure and honor in presenting this beautiful expres- sion of your sentiment, fragrant of the Holy Land, to President Wilson, on my return to America. Meanwhile I assure you that we who are here have desire, on the part of America, to show in every possible way, and in cooperation with the officers of our British mother, sym- pathy and material help to those of your community who have suffered from past tyrannies and from the war through which we are confident perpetual release is to come. We would empty the cup to give healing, solace and promise of last- ing blessing to the people of the ‘City of the Prophets of God’ where we are, in- deed, ‘all now united’ in confident hope of a better day. “There is an Arabic quatrain which I found long ago and have had on my desk in America, I carry it back to you: “‘Man’s life is his fair name and not his length of years; Man's death is his ill-fame and not the day that nears. Then life to thy fair name, by deeds of goodness give, So in this world two lives, O mortal thou shalt live.” “I have not need to wish you long life; that is already assured by your good deeds. I wish you joy of years of Peace beyond the day of Victory.” Children of refugee colony crossing drawbridge of the old Chateau of Caen. “Stars and Stripes” children—wards of American soldiers. Fifteen are The funds for their maintenance are administered by the American Red Cross. THE HOSPITALS IN FRANCE There are Two Kinds Under Red Cross Control, and This Article Explains Their Functions Questions frequently are asked regard- ing the character of the distinctive American Red Cross Hospital service in France. The exposition of the matter that follows may serve the valuable pur- pose of correcting any confusion of ideas that may have existed. There are two kinds of American Red Cross hospitals in France—those that are part of the United States army evacu- ating system, and those which are not. To the first class belong the hospitals named American Red Cross Military Hospital No. 1 and up. This is a name given by the army after the hospital is incorporated into their system of evacu- ation hospitals. The hospital is put in charge of a U. S. A. commanding officer, but is administered by the Red Cross. The superintendent is a Red Cross rep- resentative; the supplies, food and con- struction work, etc., are all furnished by the Red Cross. The personnel is fur- nished by the army. There are now about ten of these hospitals. The second class includes the Ameri- can Red Cross hospitals, properly so- called. These may be Navy hospitals, or hospitals for French and American soldiers connected with the French Army evacuating system, or hospitals operated independently by the Red Cross for the wounded of the Allies. Of these, there are now fourteen in operation. The numbers begin with 100, and the correct official designation is American Red Cross Hospital, instead of American Red Cross Military Hospital. At any time the United States Army may take over any of these indepen- dently operated hospitals and convert it into an American Red Cross Military Hospital under the Army evacuating sys- tem. This did actually occur in the case of American Red Cross Hospital No. 106, CORNER IN WORK-ROOM-A. R. C. WAREHOUSE, LONDON which became after the transfer, Ameri- can Red Cross Military Hospital No. 6. This change of status may be rendered necessary or advisable through some change in the character of the sector in which the hospital is located. In addition to its 7,500 military beds, the Red Cross has 600 convalescent beds in its eight convalescent homes. In these the attempt is made to give to officers and men some of the comforts and pleas- ures which they would have if able to (Concluded on page 11.) “OVER HERE” Red Cross Warehouse in London There is an American Red Cross ware- house in the heart of the old city of Lon- don, with 50,000 square feet of floor space, and equipped to supply anything from pins to automobiles. The pictures on this page present scenes in this “treasure house of mercy” where every article forms a sympathetic link between the folks at home and the men at the front and in the hospitals. The problem of labor has been met in part by employing men discharged from the American and Canadian armies. Scores of American women find cheer- ing employment at the depot of the American Red Cross Receiving and Dis- tributing Service, which is located at 15 George Street, Hanover Square. London is becoming more important daily as a supply center in connection with the various Red Cross activities. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN KEEPING PACE WITH ARMY As Our Soldiers Increase Fighting Activity Demands on the Red Cross Become Greater The widening scope of American army activities in France is reflected in the increased demands being made on the American Red Cross as shown in a re- port recently received by the War Coun- cil. . As a result of the recent severe fighting in which our men took part there has been a great increase in the hospital and home work of the relief organization. During the month of Au- gust Red Cross workers received and answered 10,000 letters from anxious rel- atives in the United States seeking in- formation about loved ones in the fight- ing ranks. Many letters were also writ- ten for soldiers who wanted to learn something about the folks at home. Seven new hospital recreation huts were established during the month, mak- ing a total of seventeen now maintained by the Red Cross in France. The or- ganization is now operating seventy-two dispensaries in cities and towns near the front, many of which are short of physi- cians, for the benefit of the civilian popu- lation. In August these dispensaries treated 34,250 persons, 25,000 of this number being children. Red Cross edu- cational exhibits to combat infant mor- tality and tuberculosis were attended by 380,000 during the month. Supplies All Splints The American Red Cross has taken over the job of supplying all splints to the American Expeditionary Forces. The demand for these particular articles is increasing at a great rate due to the in- creasing activity of American troops on the battle front. To meet this demand the Red Cross has established a splint manufacturing plant of its own in a large French town, not far from the battle front. Most of the leg and arm splints are made of steel rods bent in the shape of a U and are about four feet in length. They taper from the bottom up to the top where a semi-circular steel rod, at- tached to each end of the U by a hinge, is padded well and attached. Upon the padded part rest the thigh or shoulder of the injured member. The wounded or broken leg or arm is bandaged between the two sides of the U. The bottom of the U is dented in order that a bandage may be attached to the bottom of the splint and the injured member, for the purpose of pulling or applying the neces- sary weight to force the broken bones or torn muscles into place. It also serves to attach the splint to the foot of a bed, or the front of an ambulance, so that the wounded leg or arm may be elevated to any position which will give the greatest comfort to the sufferer. Red Cross Postage Stamps According to Le Figaro, of Paris, ar- rangement has been made between the postal services of France, Belgium, En- gland, Italy and Serbia, whereby stamps issued for the Red Cross may be used for correspondence between those countries. The stamps have their nominal value for postage purposes, the difference between that and the price at which they are sold going to the Red Cross. “Camouflage babies” is the way Ameri- can fighting men here on furlough refer to the 100 babies that are being cared for every day at a day nursery just es- tablished by the American Red Cross at an American ramy camouflage factory “somewhere in France.” They say the artists engaged in making American equipment “look like what it ain’t” have converted the nursery into the most in- teresting place of its kind in existence. Relief in Remote Places (Concluded from page 3.) children's clinic and hospital, and for two orphan asylums which have been as- signed the Red Cross by the British au- thorities. Many of the Armenians who escaped from the Turkish massacres are in a large refugee camp at Port Said, and here one of the Commission's units is at work— distributing supplies, giving medical aid and organizing industrial service. At Jaffa, where there are 3,400 refugees, an- other unit is stationed, and others will Soon be assigned to posts. For all this work—including food, medical, surgical and sanitary supplies—$590,553 has been appropriated. In addition, a monthly contribution of $50,000 is made to the Red Cross by the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee. Men and women are wanted by hundreds for Red Cross war work. Help the cause. Details will be found on page 12. RED CROSS ON THE SCREEN The Story from Its Inception to the Mighty Present to Be Por- trayed by Film A special film entitled “For All Hu- manity” visualizing the many activities of the American Red Cross will serve as part of the broad publicity plan for the Red Cross Christmas Roll Call. The picture is intended to show the people of the United States what becomes of the service they give and the millions they subscribe to the Red Cross. It is in three reels, many scenes of which were taken under fire in France. The Story of the picture was filmed in the studios of the Norma Talmadge Film Corporation, with such stars as Jane Vance, Jack Harland, Gloria Goodwin and Betty Clarke in the principal rôles. The picture opens with the birth of the Red Cross on the battlefield of Sol- ferino in 1859. Its growth to the pres- ent day is quickly bridged. Taking a young married man as a type of those who go to make up our great army, the picture shows how the Red Cross cares for him with its canteen service on his way to camp and looks out for his wel- fare when he gets there. It shows how the Red Cross keeps in touch with his family, giving assistance where needed. It shows how the cable is used to link the soldier at the front with the loved ones at home, relieving worries at both ends. The work of the Red Cross trans- port man is depicted, the activities of chapter workrooms are touched upon and a graphic idea is given of the enor- mous scale upon which the work is con- ducted. The huge warehouses in New York, Paris and Rome are shown, and there are stirring scenes of the work be- ing done for the refugees in Italy, France and Belgium. The picture features the heroic nurses in the battle-zones and in the hospitals near the front lines, where they are exposed constantly to shell fire. The picture was made under the direc- tion of the Speakers’ Bureau at National Headquarters which will route 12 copies of the fin throughout the country, with a speaker accompanying each. “For All Humanity” will be released to the Divi- sions about November 10. National Headquarters through the Division of Films has arranged for the release of a special news weekly serv- ice from the first of November. This service goes to practically all of the leading picture houses in the country. 10 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN CHRISTMAS SEALS TO ALL Correspondence Shows Arrangement Between Red Cross and the Tuberculosis Association The American Red Cross has con- cluded an arrangement with the National Tuberculosis Association under which the Red Cross appropriates $2,500,000 to aid in the anti-tuberculosis work of the National Tuberculosis Association and allied associations hitherto supported by the sale of Christmas seals. The usual sale of Christmas Seals will be omitted this year, but each Red Cross member will be awarded ten Christmas Seals en- closed in a small folder which will con- tain educational matter regarding tuber- culosis. The Red Cross Christmas Roll- Call will be supported by all the tuber- culosis associations. Details of this ar- rangement are set forth in the following letters passing between Henry P. Davi- son and Dr. Charles J. Hatfield, manag- ing director of the National Tuberculo- sis Association: Dr. Charles J. Hatfield, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Dear Dr. Hatfield: I take great pleasure in setting forth below the resolution passed by the War Council at its meeting held on August 27, 1918, in relation to the support of the anti-tuberculosis work of your associa- tion and allied associations for the year 1919. - EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES “The Chairman stated that conferences had been had with the National Tubercu- losis Association relative to the advis- ability, as a war measure, of an appro- priation by the War Council to the Na- tional Tuberculosis Association, in lieu of the support usually derived from the sale of Red Cross Christmas seals; that the Executive Committee of the Medical Advisory Committee, at a conference on August 8, 1918, with representatives of the National Tuberculosis Association had unanimously voted to recommend that the War Council make such an ap- propriation. “The members of the War Council had exam- ined reports of past expenditures and budgets of future expenditures (D. R. p. 1416) submitted by the National Tu- berculosis Association; that Dr. Charles J. Hatfield, Managing Director of the Association, had stated that although sº Chairman further stated that the budget for anti-tuberculosis work during 1919 amounted to approximately $2,800,000, the Association, realizing the many demands being made on Red Cross funds, had decided upon the sum of $2,500,000 as the amount it would be jus- tified in asking, and that upon the con- sideration thereof it was believed that this was a reasonable estimate of the ex- pense involved, if the National Tuber- culosis Association were relieved of the usual expense incident to the sale of Christmas seals. Whereupon it was, on motion, “VOTED: That from the Red Cross War Fund the sum of two million, five hundred thousand dollars ($2,500,000) be, and is hereby, appropriated to be paid to the National Tuberculosis Association to meet the expenses of anti-tuberculosis work conducted by the National Tuber- culosis Association and allied associa- tions in the United States in the calendar year 1919, it being understood that the usual Red Cross Christmas seal cam- paign will be omitted in 1918.” We are deeply sensible of the special importance at this time of all health work and particularly of the effort put forth in the prevention and cure of tuberculosis and in the education of the public in regard thereto. The action of the War Council is prompted by the sincere desire to insure, so far as may be, the maintenance and development of your work during the coming year, rather than to have its sup- port contingent upon the usual sale of Christmas seals at a time when, however worthy the cause, the country is being asked to consider so many important ap- peals to its sympathies and resources. We are entering into this arrangement as a war-time measure and specifically for the year 1919. We can in good time consider what will be best in succeeding years. COOPERATION IN CAMPAIGN In our Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call for universal membership in the Red Cross, which we expect to have at the Christmas season, it is our intention, with your help, to call the country’s at- tention to the importance of your work and to award a number of Christmas seals at the Christmas season. We shall advise our local Red Cross chapters that in the conduct of the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call they may count on the co-operation of your local associations in making the campaign a success. With this co-operation we are sure that the campaign will be a memo- rable one. I hope that I may hear from you that the arrangement proposed is entirely sat- isfactory, and with best wishes I am, Sincerely yours, H. P. DAVISON, Chairman, Red Cross War Council. Mr. Henry P. Davison, Chairman, Red Cross War Council. American Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Davison: I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of August 30th, and note that the War Council has appropriated the Sum of $2,500,000 “to be paid to the National Tuberculosis Association to meet the ex- penses of anti-tuberculosis work con- ducted by the National Tuberculosis AS- sociation and affiliated associations in the United States during the calendar year 1919, it being understood that the usual Red Cross Christmas Seal campaign will be omitted in 1918.” I note also that this appropriation is made because of the sin- cere desire on the part of the Red Cross to insure, so far as may be, the mainte- nance and development of the tuberculo- sis work during the coming year; also that this arrangement is a war-time measure and is specifically for the year 1919. I am authorized by the Executive Committee of the National Tuberculosis Association to state that the arrange- ment as outlined in your letter is entirely satisfactory. WAR AND TUBERCULOSIS The importance of work for the pre- vention of tuberculosis, especially in war time, is easily shown by our experiences during our first year in the conflict. At least one per cent of all men who come before the draft boards for examination are exempted because of the presence of tuberculosis. This means thousands of individuals who must be taught and cared for. Of the men who have been sent by draft boards to camps and cantonments, already more than 16,000 have been re- turned to their homes because of tuber- culosis. They and their families must be sought out and taken care of. All of this work must be done by civilian agen- cies. In view of these facts, we believe that the War Council, by the action out- lined in your letter has taken a step of even greater importance than the organ- ization of the splendid Red Cross work for sufferers from tuberculosis in France (Concluded on page 11.) T H E R F D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 11 Army Appreciates Home Service Definite recognition of the importance to the United States Army of the Home Service of the American Red Cross has been given to Lieutenant J. B. Coulston, of Pasadena, California, one of the Home Service representatives in France. He was assigned to the Thirty-fifth division of the American Expeditionary Forces on August 1st, and has had the aid and encouragement of the general staff of the division in all his efforts to relieve the mind of the man at the front who is not happy regarding his home affairs. A special bulletin was issued from di- vision headquarters announcing his as- signment by War Department general orders, and authorizing him to visit all organizations of the division except those in the front line trenches. This was read to each platoon and posted on the bulletin boards of each company and recreation hut. Later, a second bulletin was issued tell- ing the soldiers how they might avail themselves of the aid of the Home Service. Lieutenant Coulston writes enthusias- tically of the outlook for this work in the army and of the eagerness of the men to take advantage if the opportunity of- fered them. A Proud Record Colonel Albert W. Swalm, American Consul at Southampton, and Mrs. Swalm are believed to hold the record for the number of visits paid to American sol- diers in the hospitals of Great Britain. For three years they have visited every American soldier in any military hospital within a thirty-mile radius of their home at least once a week. They undertook this mission of good cheer long before the United States entered the war, visit- ing American soldiers who had been fighting in the British and Canadian ranks. Colonel Swalm is an honorary member of the Care Committee of the Red Cross. Pet Bear Sold to Aid Cause A tall mountaineer ambled into a Montana town recently with his pet bear, brown and furry, young and vigorous, shambling along at his side. The bear was the visible embodiment of self denial for a great cause. From an early orphaned cubhood had this bear been raised, and there was a depth of possessive pride and affection shining through the advertisement for his sale to “some one desirous of aiding the Red Cross and at the same time gaining a bear.” He was set förth to be “play- ful, as gentle as bears ever get, interest- ing and smart.” *mº They Work from Shore to Shore American Red Cross men and women find opportunities to begin their work as soon as they board transports. “Officer commanding troops just arriv- ing on transport Carmania,” says a cable- gram from France, “have sent to Ken- neth Hutchins, in charge of the party, appreciative letter regarding services ren- dered during voyage by American Red Cross personnel traveling by same steam- ship. Seven men are named for good service with troops. Three American Red Cross nurses, Misses Rickets, Berry and Sullivan, are thanked for patient and skilful care of officers and men. Other women commended are Misses Shaw, Metcalf and Bell. The letter concluded: “‘On behalf of myself, officers and men permit me to extend thanks, appreciation and best wishes to yourself and entire party.’” - The Hospitals in France (Concluded from page 8.) pass their convalescence at home with their friends. Several beautiful chateaus have been donated for this purpose, and the Red Cross has rented hotels with all modern conveniences at seaside resorts. The above are figures for the month of July. Every month the figures expand. During July, 69,959 hospital days were furnished to the Army by the Red Cross. The term “hospital day” includes all the care and the three meals which consti- tute the “ration.” With the Army, the Red Cross is working as one to give the best care possible to the men who have come so far away from home to fight for the ideals of their country. If any confu- sion has existed in the minds of the public as to what was Army and what was Red Cross, it is rather a compliment to the close harmony which exists be- tween the two great national organiza- tions. - *} An important announcement is printed on page 12. Read it and digest it, and pass it on to your neighbor. In the Good Old Summer Time Reminiscence and fiction both stage the vacation scenes of childhood around the swimming hole or in the berry patch or at the corner drug store. But this is war-time! Consider the summer days spent by Elizabeth and Dorothy, aged ten and fourteen, mem- bers of the Junior Red Cross in a small New Jersey town. The Junior headquarters were open every day all summer from nine until five, and 150 Juniors were busy in the office, the sewing room, the cutting and knit- ting rooms and the library. Dorothy and Elizabeth were on duty every day to keep the rooms in order—dusting, sweeping, pickingup. Did you ever try to detach a tenacious raveling from the floor?. Con- sider all the raveling 150 busy Juniors and 12 sewing machines can produce! “In between times” they filled their pony cart with materials, and visited the surrounding rural districts. They sang and recited for the “benefit of the Red Cross.” They got up a Fourth of July party at Junior Headquarters for the mothers of boys in service. They sent out free Chautauqua tickets. They col- lected $207 in a stretcher during a local campaign. They cultivated an acre of po- tatoes to “help out” this winter, wher- ever they may be needed. Christmas Seals To All (Concluded from page 10.) and Italy. By energetic action we shall certainly avoid the terrible ravages brought upon some of the European countries by tuberculosis in time of war. The National Association and its affili- ated organizations will throw themselves energetically into the Red Cross Christ- mas Roll-Call, especially as this year the appeal for Red Cross memberships is joined with our usual Christmas Educa- tional Tuberculosis Campaign. As our affiliated agencies include an effective state organization with many local branches in every state of the Union, I believe the joint campaign will meet with unprecedented success, All tuberculosis workers will feel the stimulus of this recognition of the importance of their work in war-time. Every man and woman in the country who is not in active service must be induced to enroll in the Red Cross. Believe me, Sincerely yours, CHARLES J. HATFIELD, Managing Director. 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" ~ g *: ; ... . . ... * * * - * 'º, º, ... *. :..., x . . . - #2 * * | for Red Cross work in this country An opportunity for a fine patriotic service, where you will be able to make the most ! | of your business training and ability. } Good positions are available NOW–in Washington, at Divisional Headquarters of | the Red Cross in other large cities and in military camps throughout the country— positions which call for men and women of the highest character. | We need MEN–in Military Camps To render emergency relief of every kind upon request and with the co-operation of the military authorities. To help soldiers who are worried about their families and family affairs, by communicating with their homes through iocal Red Cross organizations in every part of the country. To visit, cheer up and encourage the men in Base Hospitals by communicating with the families of patients, and, if necessary, furnishing emergency supplies when called upon. To supervise the distribution in camps and cantonments of all Red Cross supplies, such as comfort kits, sweaters, socks, etc. To supervise sanitation in towns that are near military camps. (Women who have had the proper training can also be used in this important work.) The QUALIFICATIONS demand high grade men, who know younger men and how to deal with them—men who are well acquainted with business procedure and who have the ability to deal tactfully with other responsible men of affairs. }} We need both MEN and WCMEN–at National Head- quarters and in other large cities. Men thoroughly experienced in commercial office practice along merchandising lines. }} Capable accountants and accounting clerks. Qualified buyers of drugs, medicines, surgical instruments and hospital supplies; also men to serve as hospital supply clerks. Trained and professional newspaper men and women, and directors for publicity work. } Competent stenographers, secretaries and clerical workers in all departments. Salaried positions pay in accordance with experience. Workers going to Washington are assured of a good home at a reasonable price. } } } } } } } } } } } y O NTE º R with trained executive ability are wanted to | VH-AWD H-4 conduct the great amount of important work } now handled by all Red Cross Bureaus both in this country and abroad } } Q *- Q 5 Ö (; The call is urgent—if you can't go into the Army help out by doing 0 } ! this necessary Red Cross work | ^ } © g e gº - } { Do you want to go Overseas? There are a No influence is necessary in making an application ! great many important positions in France and other for any duty connected with the American Red Cross. } countries, where you might be the very man or woman Workers are chosen on merit alone. (; ! most needed. ! {} { How to apply for any Red Cross service — write, stating the kind of work in which you are | ! interested, your experience and your qualifications, or call at nearest Division Headquarters § © | Bureau of Personnel, American Red Cross | | k. ! BOSTON, MASS.—755 Boylston St. DENVER, COLO.-14th and Welton Sts. ! WASHINGTON, D.C.—930 16th St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.—942 Market St. } CHICAGO, ILL-180 N. Wabash Ave. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—1601 Walnut St. } } NEW YORK CITY-44 East 23d St. CLEVELAND, O.—929 Garfield Bldg. } } ATLANTA, GA.—424 Healy Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.—303 Essex Bldg. | NEW ORLEANS, LA.—Post Office Bldg. SEATTLE, WASH. White Building () } ST. LOUIS, MO. — 1617 Railway Exchange Building | | } E] ºrsº-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: -º-º- *s--sº- * .*. sº-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: ----à |y 575 Vol. II ITALY bestows HONORS Marks of Appreciation of American Friendship Paid Through Red Cross Representative Italy again has given evidence of its warm appreciation of American Red Cross Relief work, through honors paid government was glad to give tangible proof of its feelings toward America, with which it was united by the closest bonds. - A cablegram, dated October 12, stated that Mr. Davison had received from the Italian government two high honors never before bestowed upon a foreigner. At a luncheon, given by Italian Minister WHERE HORRORS BEGAN Relief Work Among People Who Felt First Effects of Autoc- racy’s Mad Ambition Relief work by the American Red Cross in Belgium necessitated an expenditure of $1,432,374 for the ten months ending the committee attending the meeting held October 9 and 10. Coolidge, Jr., Mrs. W. K. Draper (chairman), Mrs. George Wharton Pepper, Mrs. E. H. Harriman, Miss Mabel T. Boardman. WOMEN ADVISERS OF THE RED CROSS ORGANIZATION The Woman’s Advisory Committee of the American Red Cross meets monthly at National Headquarters to formulate recommendations on matters affecting the interests of the women of the Red Cross, which the National Organization has under consideration. This picture presents the members of They are, left to right:-Mrs. Joseph M. Cudahy, Mrs. Leonard Wood, Mrs. J. Randolph to Henry P. Davison, on his second visit to that country since the United States Mr. Davison, Dr. Stock- ton Axson, secretary of the American Red Cross, and Major Robert Perkins, head of the American Red Cross Com- mission for Italy, were entertained at dinner by King Victor Emanuel at the Italian Army headquarters in the field. On that occasion the King said that his entered the war. of War Zuppelli, he was presented with the decoration of Grand Officer of the Crown of Italy, a military and civil order founded by Victor Emanuel II. General Zuppelli, in making the presentation, held out a map showing the activities of the American Red Cross in Italy, and said: “This organization came from Ameri- ca to Italy in the time of need, and its (Concluded on page 7.) June 30, this amount going to provide comforts and medical assistance for Bel- gian soldiers, 90,000 residents of that part of the little country outside the Ger- man lines, and the 600,000 Belgian refu- gees scattered through France, England, Holland and Switzerland. The sum of $1,947,325 has been appropriated to con- tinue this work during the last six (Concluded on page 7.) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HEALTH UNITS COWER LAND Area Surrounding All Camps Pro- tected, in Cooperation with U. S. Public Health Service Thirty-six sanitary units, under the di- rection of the American Red Cross Bu- reau of Sanitary Service, now are in op- eration in the United States. The thirty-sixth was established at Washing- ton, D. C., last week. The units in thirty-five other localities are areas, surrounding every large camp in the country and the naval bases of Newport News and Portsmouth, Va., Norfolk, Va., and Portsmouth, N. H., and at El Paso, Texas, the latter to help pro- tect the health of the troops on the Mex- ican border. The work is being done in cooperation with the United States Pub- lic Health Service, at the request of Sur- geon General Blue. A unit was established at the National Capital to supplement the work of the local health authorities, which was made additionally burdensome by the influx of over 75,000 government war workers. The primary objective is the protection of the soldiers in the encircling camps. The service here, typical of that in all the sanitary districts, includes the inspec- tion of all public eating places, rooming houses, hotels, barber shops, soda water fountains, etc. - The compass of the sanitary unit ac- tivity will be readily appreciated when it is stated that there is one at Tacoma, Wash., in the far Northwest, one at El Paso in the Southwest, one at Jackson- ville, Fla., and one at Portsmouth, N. H., the four corners of the country. Besides this work in cooperation with the government, the Red Cross is run- ning twenty-six clinics for the control of diseases. /* Inestimable help has been supplied by the four Red Cross laboratory cars which have been operated under the Bureau of Sanitary Service for twelve months. Three of these cars have been turned over to the surgeon general of the Army, the fourth now is parked at Nashville, Tenn., subject to telegraphic notice to place it in any locality where civilian or military relief may be necessary. The car is under the direction of a specialist from the University of Chicago, when in operation, with a trained staff subject to his call. All are experts in fighting pneumonia, meningitis, typhoid and other diseases that might become a menace to the military forces. In all sanitary districts Red Cross nurses have been furnished, who are placed under the direction of the director of the unit in each place. Every unit director is a trained Public Health offi- cial. In addition to their other duties, the nurses have performed a valuable service by lecturing in the various communities on health protection and disease cure. Otranto Survivors Cared For American soldiers who survived the sinking of the Otranto in the North Chan- nel, between Ireland and Scotland, were taken to an American rest camp in the south of England by American Red Cross workers after a British destroyer landed them in Belfast. The emergency ware- houses established by the American Red Cross at various points along the Irish coast many months ago, with a view to caring for shipwrecked men, enabled the organization to get relief to the Otranto survivors without delay. These ware- houses contain clothing, medicine, food and comforts sufficient to care for 6,000 men at one time. - When news of the Otranto disaster reached shore Red Cross workers were hurried to various points along the Irish and Scotch coasts, and met the survivors when they landed. After being made comfortable the survivors who reached Belfast were placed on a train bound for the rest camp, this train being met at many points by Red Cross canteen work- ers who served hot drinks and hot food to the men. An officer in charge of a detachment of the soldiers had this to say about the relief work: “The preparations of the American Red Cross before we landed were won- derful. Many of us owe our lives to this foresight. But for warm clothing, medi- cines and other attention many of us would have suffered from the effects of the exposure. Red Cross men and women workers met us all along the way. Their efforts in behalf of the men who landed in fairly good condition was only a small part of their work, most of which was centered on fifty men who had to go to the hospitals.” American troops in France have con- tributed 200,000 francs ($40,000) to the adoption of French orphans. American Hospital No. 5, in France, was recently the scene of a gymkana in which American troops and American Red Cross workers were represented. AIDING THE FIRE VICTIMS Holocaust in Minnesota and Wis- consin Makes Relief Demands Which are Promptly Met From the fire-swept regions of Minne- sota and Wisconsin gratifying reports of the immediate and effective response of the Red Cross to the tremendous demand for aid. - Simultaneously with the telegraphic re- ports of the appalling disaster in the newspapers, a message came from Frank J. Bruno, of Minneapolis, director of Civilian Relief for the Northern Divi- sion, saying that he was already on the ground at Duluth and was helping with the work. The burned area covers about two thousand square miles. The town of Cloquet, with a population of nine thou- Sand people is completed devastated and many small towns have suffered terribly. The death list will reach upwards of a thousand; and hundreds have been fright- fully burned, either because of their in- ability to escape the onward rush of the flames or in fighting the fire. ** Before the fires were under control, “the splendidly efficient local Red Cross organization,” as Director Bruno has de- scribed it, was in action. Motors were requisitioned, as were also provisions for the refugees and oils to soothe the burns. Medical and nursing aid were provided—telegraphed for when neces- sary—and arrangements were made with the railroads for all requirements of transportation. Within a few hours all the forces of the Civilian Relief depart- ment of the Northern Division were mo- bilized at Duluth. From ten to fifteen thousand refugees were in Duluth and Superior the late re- ports stated, and for these the Red Cross had secured accommodations... It also made preparations to care for more as they come in. Hospital work and the task of feeding the homeless is going on sys- tematically. The Red Cross Motor Corps has combed the burned territory thoroughly, bringing out the helpless or disabled and reporting as to the needs of those re- maining behind. At last accounts the fires were break- ing out afresh in several localities, which will bring new demands upon the Red Cross workers. The situation is thor- oughly in hand, however, and the Red Cross is giving complete cooperation to the State and Federal authorities. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN BRINGS “HOME” OVER SEAS Provision for Care of Convalescents Far Removed From Those Nearest and Dearest Paris, October 5, 1918. When a man is in the intermediate state of being too well for the hospital and not well enough for active service, where should he be sent? Home, of That is where the French send In the case of our own troops, however, there are a few small obstacles in the way of this plan, including a sizable ocean for a handicap. But there is no visible ob- jection to bringing “home” to them, or at least as good a substitute for home as can be found. That is what the Red Cross is doing in its convalescent homes. Place is selected, or, as often happens, is donated, and the army is asked to pass upon the location. Then the management and equipment is assumed entirely by the Red Cross. All that the army supplies is the convales- cents and the discipline. As far as possible, all reversion to hospital life is avoided. Every one knows how deadly dull the hospital routine is to a person well enough to be up and around. The atmosphere of these homes is more like that of a somewhat over- grown family. Books, games, music, social evenings, football and baseball, and home-like surroundings give them at least a flavor of home life before their return to the grim business of war. To complete the resemblance to a fam- course! their men on convalescent leave. ily, the housekeeper is always a motherly woman, usually American, who looks after their comfort and smoothes out the countless little things that are like specks of dust in the machinery. - The Red Cross now has six of these homes in operation, and is about to open the seventh. By spring, if all goes as planned, 25 or 30 will be in running or- der, with accommodations for about 5,000 men and officers. The famous Regina Hotel at Biarritz, has been taken over as a convalescent home for officers. There are accommo- dations for 350, and all kinds of sports, including bathing, tennis and golf. As a courtesy to our brother Canadians, half of the accommodations have been turned over to their convalescent officers. One young Canadian evidently thought his sojourn there worth while, for he in- sisted on making a donation to the Red Cross as a mark of his appreciation. At Beycheville is another home for convalescent officers, with accommoda- tions for 40. The beautiful Chateau de Ville-Chauven, at Vatan, donated by Daniel Martin, provided a delightful re- TEA ON THE LAWN – A. R. C. DART FORD HOSPITAL, NEAR LONDON SAYING GOOD-BYE TO AMERICAN VISITORS – DART FORD HOSPITAL treat for aviators in need of recupera- tion. At Mergat, Finisterre, the Seashore Hotel, has been taken over by the Red Cross for convalescent enlisted men. Clarence Byrant, of Chicago, now in the Red Cross ambulance service, has do- nated his beautiful old French home at St. Cloud, just out of Paris, to be used as a rest resort for non-commissioned soldiers. Accommodations for 100 more are now ready at the Chateau de Roche- fort, near Morbihan, through the gen- erosity of Mrs. Alfred Klots. - The people at home who are fortunate enough to have their husbands, sons and brothers on the convalescent list may feel sure that the Red Cross is doing everything in its power to make these “homes” in more than name, and to give the brave hearts which must again bare themselves to the hazards of battle the assurance that the love of those they have left behind has followed them. 4 - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SURSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDROw WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AxSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager ! Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. HAR v EY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE t Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 21, 1918 Unrelaxing Service The armies of liberty and righteous- ness are bringing nearer every day that peace, which has been the hope of the civilized world. Its character is assured ; but the lessons through the sacrifices al- ready made have indelibly impressed upon the generals, the statesmen and the masses of the free peoples of the earth the importance of relaxing not a single energy as the signs of the enemy’s col- lapse loom larger and larger. It is a time, indeed, for redoubled effort in every line of patriotic activity— in the giving of financial aid to the gov- ernment, and in the prosecution of, and still broader preparation for, the work which looks to relief of war's distress in its manifold forms. The trumpet calls sound the louder as the promise of S1- lenced cannon grows brighter. If only some miracle or magic could bring back the world to what it was— when the battle ends! But it is then, and then only, that full realization of what the world has suffered will be brought within the grasp of the human mind. Mankind has been too staggered by the storm of conflict to comprehend in their full reality the devastation and wreckage, hu- man and otherwise, which no treaty of peace can restore or mitigate. These will be present when the last echo of the cannon dies away; their awfulness hold- ing the world aghast—Stupified—as re- action follows the cessation of frightful. ness in the making. Then, too, will come the fuller appre- ciation of that service which has been the solace of an airlicted world—the ser- vice born of the spirit which has glori- tied for eternity the Red Cross. To this service the slowly vanishing armies will leave a heritage of mighty duty still to be performed. What American can desire to be “not present or accounted for” when the roll is called to register the spirit that is the grand, idealized thing the world-war has stirred into life? Come peace, or con- tinued war, there is work to carry On- service which typifies the spirit of every American. Make that spirit a composite, active force. “Make it unanimous.” The First Thing We Do We all know what the Red Cross does behind the lines. We read of all man- ner of service, ranging in value from the washing of socks to the manufacture of new faces. But what is done AT the lines? What is the first thing we do, after the battle, for the man who wasn’t wounded? We give him something to eat. The Rolling Canteens take hot bouillon, cof- fee, tea, cocoa, lemonade and sandwiches right to the first-line trenches. Let no one smile at such work. The Rolling Canteens may not be the most practical branch of our service; the words wouldn’t fit very well into blank verse. Distribu- ting doughnuts and the “ice cold” abomi- nations dear to the American heart may suggest afternoon tea or something ever, less dignified. But remember the moment when you would have sold your birth- right for such things, and you will have a poor conception of what they mean to fighting men. Giving food and drink to the hungry and thirsty is the first thing we plan to do—compare the New Testa- ment passion—and hundreds of Red Cross men are risking their lives to do it. Secretary Baker and Major-General Gorgas visited American Red Cross Hos- pitals Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 during their last trip to France. Distribution of Knitted Goods Red Cross chapter workers throughout the country had been requested to dis- continue the direct distribution to drafted men of knitted articles made from ma- terials provided by the Red Cross. The limited supply of yarn and the necessity of preventing duplications in the distri- bution of the articles is responsible for the suggestion. The yarn on hand, it is pointed out, is sufficient to provide for the requirements of the foreign relief and military relief departments of the Red Cross. Representatives of the latter department, attached to all camps and cantonments, will distribute the knitted articles among the soldiers from now on. General Ireland Says Good-bye Before leaving France to assume his new duties as head of the Medical De- partment of the United States Army, Surgeon General Ireland called at the office of The American Red Cross at Gen- eral Headquarters to say good-bye. A cablegram received at National Red Cross headquarters says: “In saying good-bye General Ireland said he desired to take this opportunity of expressing his hearty and personal thanks to the American Red Cross for the splendid work it had done for his department, and for the Army of the United States in France.” Colonel Connor Promoted Colonel Clarence H. Connor, Medical Corps U. S. A., attached to the Depart- ment of Military Relief at Red Cross National headquarters, has been pro- moted from lieutenant colonel to a full colonelcy. Colonel Connor has been con- nected with the Army for 17 years. He has seen service in the Philippines under General Pershing, and with Generals Bullard, Bundy and Dickinson on the Mexican Border. President of Italian Red Cross Senator Count Giuseppe Frascata has been appointed president of the Italian Red Cross. He succeeds the late Count Della Somaglia. The King of Italy ele- vated Senator Frascata to the rank of count in recognition of his work as head of the Commission for Prisoners of War of the Italian Red Cross, Senator Fras- cata is the sixth President of the Italian Red Cross. A clinic for the study and cure of “gas wounds” has been opened in Paris. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 Meeting a National Emergency By JANE A. DELANO Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the thirteenth of Miss Delano’s articles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) “Home Defense nurses, your oppor- tunity for active service has come.” This is the message that has gone forth, in various ways, from Red Cross Headquarters, and was the first gun fired in the fight to prevent the spread of Spanish influenza, which made its ap- pearance in this country early in Sep- tember. The necessity for continuing to assign nurses, both for military duty in France, and especially in the cantonments where the situation rapidly became acute, threw the responsibility of this emergency call for service, almost entirely on the should- ers of the Home Defense nurses. They responded quickly and unhesita- tingly, and were assigned, first, to the cantonments where the crowded condi- tions produced a desperate need for nurses, and later, as Army nurses were sent to relieve them, to the munitions, shipbuilding plants and other essential war industries. On September 14th, the first call for nurses to meet the influenza epidemic reached National Headquarters. It came from the Public Health Service of Massa- chusetts, and requested that 15 graduate nurses be sent immediately to the quar- antine station in the Boston harbor. A few hours after the call came, these nurses were on their way. The divisions were at once notified to report the number of Home Defense nurses that could be called upon to meet the situation and the number assigned to meet local needs. • THE GENERAL PLAN The general plan for preventing the spread of the epidemic over the country, urged that local problems be met by the chapters, and provided for the utili- zation of all local nursing resources, such as graduates and undergraduates, nurses’ aides, school teachers, if the schools were closed, and volunteers. To prevent one State bidding against another, and securing nursing personnel at the expense of another community, a standard schedule of prices was ap- proved by the Federal Public Health Service, the Surgeon General of the Army, and the American Red Cross. It is pleasant to know that, even before any appropriation for the work had been made, over 1,500 nurses had responded, without, as far as we know, making any inquiries as to the compensation, or by whom they would be paid. The divisions reported a total of 2,456 Home Defense nurses enrolled in all di- visions, and later reports of assignments, by no means yet complete, showed 1,253 nurses in the field to help in the control of the influenza epidemic. The important part Home Defense nurses have played in helping to con- trol the situation has demonstrated the wisdom of providing this enrollment for those graduate nurses, who are either unable or ineligible for active military service, I urge, at this time when the need for them has been emphasized as never before, that every graduate nurse who can not volunteer for military ser- vice, enroll as a Home Defense nurse, for whole or part time duty, so that when the emergency arises she will be prompt- ly available. COURAGE IS MARKED Of the 1,253 nurses assigned, 448 were on duty in the New England Division. Two hundred of these were supplied from outside the division, and included between 25 and 50 Canadian nurses, who volun- teered for service in the United States before the epidemic spread so alarmingly that it seemed to Canadian authorities unwise to release any more Canadian nurses to us at this time. The Central Division, from the begin- ning of the epidemic to date has assigned over 900 nurses and nurses’ aides to mili- tary and civilian needs. Two hundred and seven of these were supplied to Camp Dodge alone, but are now being withdrawn to meet civilian needs, the camp situation being well in hand. In perhaps no other epidemic have so many nurses been subject to infection. Hundreds have fallen ill, but it is to the lasting credit of the profession that the danger did not for one moment deter them from volunteering for service. Every effort was made to continue the enrollment for military service to meet the increasing demands in France, and, at the same time, to supply large num- bers of nurses for cantonments so that Red Cross Home Defense nurses serving there might be released for civilian duty. While a complete record of assign- ments made is not yet available, reports show that nurses have been supplied to most of the shipbuilding, munitions and powder plants, large and small, along the Atlantic seaboard, and the calls for nurses have been continuous. The opening of temporary hospitals all Over the country to meet local problems brought calls for nursing personnel which have been supplied as quickly as possi- ble. No attempt has been made to sup- ply private needs, except through aug- menting the staff of the Visiting Nurses’ associations. MANIFOLD RESPONSIBILITIES For instance, in the National Capital, the entire public health nursing resources of the District of Columbia were devel- oped into a central organization. A cen- tral headquarters was established to act as a clearing house to supply nurses where needed, and a local recruiting sta- tion opened to receive the enrollment of various kinds of nursing personnel re- quired to meet conditions. The local chapter developed a special group of workers for the care of children, and housekeepers in homes where the needs were greatest. It also made provision for the establishment of diet kitchens in dif- ferent parts of the city, where visiting nurses could call for hot food for pa- tients living in rooming houses where it was impossible for them to be supplied. The nurses’ aids and volunteers, who responded to the call for them, did splen- did work in helping to meet the situation, and fulfilled the responsibilities placed upon them in a highly satisfactory man- 1161. Latest reports from Divisions show that the epidemic has spread to the Pa- cific coast and that nurses have already been assigned to American Lakes, Camp Kearney, Cal.; Flagstaff and Winslow, Arizona, and elsewhere throughout the West and Middle West. The nurses have responded nobly. I can only now urge them to continue to “stand by,” ready for other emergencies that will, no doubt, arise before the world settles back once more to peace. News Bulletins in Great Britain American soldiers and sailors in all parts of Great Britain are now able to keep in touch with principal, news hap- penings at home through the medium of a daily news bulletin established by the American Red Cross. Soldiers receive copies of the bulletin on disembarking at British ports and the service has been extended to all camps, hospitals, stations and naval bases. The bulletin was posted on 600 bulletin boards. T H E P E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN LINES FROM A REGISTER Dog-eared Book from Red Cross Outpost Reveals Sentiments of Rank and File at Front An idea of the spirit that pervades Uncle Sam's fighting men in France is better obtainable nowhere than from the pages of a small, dog-eared book which is the proud possession of an American Red Cross man serving the emergency and comfort needs of a certain well- known division, which has seen hard fighting recently, writes a correspondent with the American Expeditionary Forces. The little book was placed upon the counter of a Red Cross outpost near the Unostentatiously written between the names of two privates is found the sig- nature of Major-General R. L. Bullard, with this simple sentence: - “In grateful appreciation for what you do for my men.” On the same page are the names of Brigadier-General J. H. Hines, of Cin- cinnati, Ohio; Colonel A. N. Stark, Chief Division Suurgeon, and Colonel C. A. Babcock, cavalry officer. A few of the other interesting remarks and signatures follow: Lieutenant George W. Phelan, of Wee- hawken, N. J.: “Work of the Red Cross has been car- ried into the front line trenches, and is admired and appreciated by all.” ACTIVITIES IN SCOTLAND Work of American Red Cross in a Field from Which Little Has Heretofore Been Heard Captain W. J. Loaring Clark, formerly field director in the Department of Mili- tary Relief at Chattanooga, Tenn., is now in charge of the American Red Cross work in Scotland. He reports that his work includes every branch of military relief service that is carried on in this country. He is caring for seven aviation camps, each with an infirmary, and two very large base hospital units; one at Edinburgh, Unit No. 3 from Los An- geles, and the other at Inverness, Unit lines, and was . - No. 2 from San adopted by the men calling for chocolate, comfort bags and other Red Cross material as a regis- ter. It contains the signatures of men from almost every State and Territory in the Union and from all ranks of the army, generals down to buck Many of the regis- trants took occasion to write remarks and a glance through these vividly shows the spirit of the Ex- peditionary Forces. Most noticeable, of course, are the ex- privates. pressions of appreci- ation for the com- forts sent by the MAN OR HOUSE AT SARISBURY Central Building of largest A. R. C. Hospital in England Francisco. These units came so well equipped by the Red Cross of California that the Red Cross in Scotland had lit- tle to add. It is pro- viding recreation for the personnel and patients by means of a full-sized cine- matograph and the- atrical troupes pro- cured from nearby cities. At a Scotch city the Red Cross re- cently had the pleas- ure of welcoming several regiments of United States troops and providing them with light refresh- ments. Several offi- cers and men showed people at home and distributed by the Red Cross. Surely what these Americans, suffering untold hardships and dangers, have written in this little book ought to stir the hearts and energies, the war efforts of every true American who can not share the soldiers’ burdens overseas. Private M. B. Roscoe, a machine gun- ner from New York city, wrote this message: - “May God bless and keep every Red Cross member.” Officers and men alike share in the authorship of this little book, their signa- tures and remarks combining to make it an interesting document as reflecting the spirit that exists in the American army in France. Chaplain Robert Williams, of Wilkes- barre, Pa.: - “Hospitality beyond all praise. bless 'em.” Corporal Ralph Webb, of Brewster, Ohio: - “Very grateful for what the Red Cross has done for us.” Of the food and hot drinks served to them during engagements and at their rest billets the men can not say enough, especially in connection with the service rendered during the recent heavy fighting. “They’re there with the wallop,” was the descriptive, if inelegant, way in which Corporal James Urlheim, of Pittsburgh, Pa., wrote of his experience with the Red Cross. God their enthusiastically, saying: appreciation “What would we do without the American Red Cross? It has been our friend right across the States, providing us with delicacies at all hours of the day and night and look- ing out for us as soon as we came to a stop in a foreign land. Cheers and a tiger for the Red Cross.” “Every Unit looks eagerly to the Red Cross Bulletin for the latest Red Cross news from the United States,” says Cap- tain Clark, who closes his letter by say- ing: “I have tried to be of service in my past life to my fellow men, but never have I realized how much one can do of practical helpfulness as I now experi- ence in my work for the American Red Cross.” THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN - 7 New Comfort Kit Regulations In consequence of an order, issued by the General Staff of the Army at the request of General Pershing, barring com- fort kits from the personal baggage of soldiers going overseas, the Red Cross has decided to end its distribution of comfort kits to the men in the training camps. The rapid movement of troops to France and the limited amount of shipping space on transports for the nec- essary equipment which the soldiers must carry with them prompted General Per- shing to make the request. The War De- partment has issued a definite list of the personal articles each man may take with him. - Practically all articles contained in the Red Cross comfort kit can be obtained by the men in the camps and cantonments in the United States. The Red Cross will, however, be able to arrange for ship- ment overseas, through the regular freight channels, of a large quantity of comfort kits for distribution through its Foreign Commissions. It has been de- cided to make such shipments because it is felt that, under conditions existing over there, the kits provide additional comforts for the men which is really ap- preciated, and that the expenditure of funds for kits to be distributed in this way is fully justifiable. Where Horrors Began (Concluded from page 1.) months of this year. These are the out- standing facts in the eighth installment of the War Council’s report relative to the use being made of the Red Cross war funds. The establishment of eighty-two can- teens which provide daily refreshment for 25,000 soldiers, the financial assist- ance given to nine hospitals that are combatting disease among the civilian population and refugee colonies, the con- struction and support of a barracks which shelter 400 children and the main- tenance of a home for disabled Belgian soldiers are a few of the things the Red Cross has done for the courageous little kingdom and its people. About 15,000 Belgian children in the countries men- tioned are healthier and happier as a re- sult of day nurseries established by the organization. Cooperation between the Red Cross and the Belgian government has been so effective that all this aid has been dis- tributed through the medium of Belgian agencies. A donation of one million francs to the Queen for the support of the hospital service and another of half a million francs to insure the completion of a large hospital were among the first expenditures of the Red Cross in Bel- gium. The organization has established what is known as the Queen’s purse, a fund of five thousand francs, which is distributed among the country's war vic- tims. As free Belgium is within easy range of German guns and bombs, a number of hospitals in that territory have been destroyed from time to time, in- creasing the cost of relief work. Italy Bestows Honors (Concluded from page 1.) effective, sympathetic work, carried on in the spirit of cooperation and friend- ship, will never be forgotton.” The general then proposed the health of President Wilson and Ambassador Page responded. - Mr. Davison, accepting the decoration, said he appreciated the fact that it was given not to him, but through him to the American people; that he received it as a representative of the American Red Cross, which might be called “The col- lective heart of America.” He declared he regarded the decoration as a tribute from the Italian government and people, not so much to the amount of work the American Red Cross had accomplished in Italy, as to America's spirit. That same afternoon Mr. Davison re- ceived from Senator Frascata, president of the Italian Red Cross, the Cross of Merit of that order, which has been given to only three or four persons, the latest previous recipient having been the Duch- ess D'Aosta, a member of the royal fam- ily, whose war work has endeared her to the Italian people. Senator Frascata, in presenting the order, said it was a token of the close alliance of the Amer- ican and Italian peoples which, the American Red Cross work proved, would continue long after the war. He also declared that problems arising after the restoration of peace would be dealt with in the same spirit America had shown through its representatives in Italy. Miss Bessie Porter Edwards, daughter of General Clarence Edwards, of the United States Army, in command of a di- vision in France, died of influenza last week, in the service of her country. Miss Edwards had begun training as a nurse at Camp Meade. She was buried at Ar- lington Cemetery with military honors. Broad Rehabilitation Plans Cooperative arrangements have been made between the Federal Board for Vo- cational Education and the American Red Cross for the after care, in certain phases, of rehabilitated men discharged from the Army and Navy. Under the Vocational Rehabilitation law the Federal Board has a direct re- sponsibility, not only for the vocational education of these men, but for their families as well, since it has been demon- strated that the welfare of the family is a necessary condition for the successful rehabilitation of any man. An invitation from the Federal Board was extended to the Home Service or- ganization to aid in the care and over- sight of the families of men who are en- titled to the benefits due under the Vo- cational Rehabilitation Act, and also in the care of socially dependent soldiers and sailors discharged by way of the re- habilitation or cantonment hospitals or the ports of entry, for whom the Bureau of War Risk Insurance has not made pro- V1S1OI1. - This the Red Cross gladly consented to do, emphasizing its conviction that the leadership of the Federal Government in the treatment, training and placement of disabled soldiers should everywhere be recognized as supreme, but pledging itself to aid where the man in question or his family are unable to face the future with- out the need of outside help. The Red Cross will also give full in- formation to such men, whenever de- sired, as to the necessary procedure un- der the Vocational Rehabilitation and War Insurance Laws, and as to the man- ner of establishing contact with the proper agents of the Federal Board. The Home Service sections will, in so far as it may be desired by the Federal Board, endeavor to provide financial aid during the time before a government al- lowance becomes available. Home Service workers will seek to form sound and constructive public opin- ion supporting the governmental pro- gram and offsetting, as far as possible, the tendency to short-sighted measures for the disabled men or the selfish exploita- tion of their services. Douglas Stewart has been appointed associate director of the Bureau of Pris- oner's Relief. Mr. Stewart, who has been acting director during the absence of Franklin Abbott, continues to serve as a full time volunteer. THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN THEY WHO UNDERSTAND AND “ENTER IN” * By JUNE RICHARDSON LUCAS (Editor’s Note:—Mrs. Lucas is the wife of Dr. William Palmer Lucas, of the University of California, chief of the A. R. C. Children’s Bureau in France. Her book, “The Children of France and the Red Cross,” has just been published by Frederick A. Stokes and Co.) It was a moving, gripping experience to touch for a time the heart of England through the wonderful service of the British women at home, the fourth win- ter of the war. The excitement of the early years of the war was over. The false hopes, the eager anticipation of victory, and a speedy end of the war had been put behind them, and the feeling one has in England today, is the steady, slow, sure push to victory. When the Archbishop of Canterbury on that mem- orable Sunday, August 4, ,1917, told the great audience, crowded into the old abbey, that “England must run with patience the race that is set before her” he was but expressing the spirit of the British Empire. But in touching the work of the women in England, one felt that the race was being run not only with patience but with a deep spiritual grasp of the significance of that Western Front that was adding a new glory to the life of old England. Englishwomen are, I think, more re- served and self-contained than their men folks. No one can watch the “leave train.” depart from Waterloo station and not realize this. It is choking—that control you see there—their men going back to the Western Front as carelessly as though leaving for Oxford after middle term “downs.” And the women laughing them off, waving, smiling to the last— then that silence on the platform when the train has gone—just a silence—no breaking down. It is so game—that spirit of the English women after four years of agony. And yet as I walked down the platform one afternoon, with that silent, plucky crowd of English women, I felt there was something more than tradi- tional reserve. That might sustain one at first, but after four years of crushing sorrow, there must be some deeper, big- ger spirit behind all those calm deter- mined women. After a time I spoke of it to one of the women whose splendid poise had impressed me deeply. “We did not understand at first,” she said. “There was so much detail, so many necessary things to be made and sent to our army. We lived in a whirl, a blind whirl of activities. Every mile gained or lost in Flanders stimulated us to greater work. Then our men be- gan coming back, sick, wounded and on leave, and before long we felt a gap between us and them.” We were alone in the big Red Cross room—it was late. “We didn’t speak their language any more. We did the old things; we tried to divert their minds from that Western Front. We didn’t need to cheer them— they were cheerful but we felt they had entered in and we were left outside.” “What did you do?” I asked. “Do?” she answered. “We had to en- ter in, too. We had to let every thing go that was not essential. We had to begin living in the world of great realities they were in touch with—life, death, honor, unselfishness—we had to stop be- ing selfish, jealous, ambitious, self-seek- ing. We had to bridge that gap.” She pushed two letters toward me. “That is what I mean.” I read the soiled letter from the front line trenches. Just a Tommy’s letter to his folks in the East End of Lonron; a strange stumbling sort of letter telling of the boy’s first communion in the trenches. His real exaltation stood out clearly above the Cockney expression. The other letter was the answer. Through a blur of tears I read: “To think of you at the 'oly halter—’ow we all larfed!” I don’t remember the rest—that sentence was enough. My friend went on: “That boy didn't want to come home on his first permis- sion, and of course that is a crude ex- pression of all I mean, but the gap was there and the bridge had to be built out of the finest, strongest things in Our spiritual lives.” That conversation stayed with me dur- ing the year’s work in France. It came to me rather insistently as though ask- ing what the spiritual significance of this war was for us Americans. :: :: :: Line upon line of khaki-clad boys swinging along in the darkness of the night beneath my window in a small town near the front, going forward to fight; to die for real things, and that steady English voice came back to me—“they had entered in”—our men in the fight—º our dead, our wounded, our sick; were the people at home just anxious for them, worrying until they were soul sick —or had they caught the vision that sends those boys forward? Is there a gap? Are we bridging it? Can we speak their language—will we understand those “golden boys” when they come back with eyes shining with the deeper things of life? Chateau Thierry and Belleau woods are behind us, and out of that fight there came to me these words from a golden- headed careless boy of twenty: “It’s al- most a year now since I left and I have gone through the experiences of a life time it seems. I have been cold and hungry at times, and lately, this summer, I have acquired “cooties,’ that drive you crazy at times, and still I can honestly Say if I should be put down home to- morrow I would enlist again the day after. The more you see over here the more you thank God that the war never reached America, and the more deter- mined you become that it soon will be Out of France. I have seen wheat fields that should have been being worked in by peaceful farming folk; instead they were dotted with dead and filled with machine gun pits. The horrible useless- ness of it all grips you and makes you see that it is simply an age-old struggle of right versus wrong, and that the out- come of it is as clear as the past history of the world.” His eyes have seen “the glory.” Yes, the quiet poise of the English women in their war-work, the intense de- votion of the French women in their almost overwhelming tasks, are realities. What makes it all possible? I believe they, too, have “entered in.” They are go- ing shoulder to shoulder with their men into that new land of Real Things, that land where just a few big things count— Life and Love and Death—devotion to Truth, Honor, Righteousness, the only things worth living for, because they are the only things worth dying for. Through those stricken countries of our Allies, our beloved Red Cross flows, like a river of molten gold through a country of desolating sorrows—because its thousands of workers are touching the real things—shoulder to shoulder with our men. Here at home, we must bridge the gap. I believe we shall—the American women will not fail. They, too, will “enter in.” Joins Staff From Hawaii Herbert Battell Anderson, a member of the Hawaiian Chapter, and one of the leading lawyers of Honolulu, has joined the headquarters staff of the Fourteenth Division as a full time volunteer. ed Cross Bulletin Vol. II WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 28, 1918 ANOTHER GIFT TO BRITISH Donation of $2,383,900 by Ameri- can Red Cross on Red Cross “Our Day” in England “Our Day,” which was celebrated throughout Great Britain last Thursday with the collection of subscriptions for sioner for Great Britain, at the close of a dinner given by Colonel Endicott at the St. James Club. Among those present at the dinner were: Earl Reading, Vis- count Northcliffe, the Duke of Con- naught, Marquis of Lansdowne, Sir Arthur Stanley, General John Biddle, and Admiral W. S. Sims. In presenting the check Colonel Endicott thanked the CHRISTMAS PLANSINFRANCE American Red Cross Will Bring Cheer to Patients and Workers in All American Hospitals A late cablegram from Paris tells of plans made for bringing Christmas cheer to patients, nurses and enlisted men in GENERAL MANAGER OF AMERICAN RED CROSS, AND PERSONAL STAFF George Eaton Scott, general manager, lower center. Others, left to right-Willoughby G. Walling, Keith Spalding, directors of Divisional Administration; Samuel M. Greer, assistant general manager; Frederick C. Munroe, assistant to general manager. the British Red Cross, was given a flying start on Wednesday with a contribution of £500,000 ($2,383,900 at the current rate of exchange) from the American Red Cross. Announcement of the donation came from the headquarters of the Brit- ish relief organization in London. A check for the amount named was handed to Sir Robert Hudson, of the British Red Cross, by Lieut. Col. William Endicott, American Red Cross Commis- British Red Cross for its cooperation, and then read the following message from Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross: “A gain on the occasion of “Our Day' anniversary it becomes the privilege of the American Red Cross, acting for the American people, to endeavor to express in a concrete and material way the ap- (Concluded on page 12) hospitals in France. In consequence of recent Army orders governing the dis- tribution of gifts it has been deemed desirable to give such articles as are pro- curable and the American Red Cross program for the Christmas celebration, adopted after consultation with commanding officers and Red Cross workers in the hospitals, has been ar- ranged on that basis. (Concluded on page 11) in France, T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN YEAR's work in Review Red Cross War Council, in Message to Chapters, Tells of Deeds, Hopes and Aspirations The Red Cross War Council has sent the following message to the 3,854 Red Cross Chapters, to be read at the annual meetings, originally set for October 23, but in many of the divisions postponed on account of the influenza epidemic: To the Chapters of the American Red Cross: The War Council sends greetings to the chapters of the American Red Cross on the occasion of their annual meetings for 1918. With these greetings go congratula- tions on the great work of the chapters during the past year amounted to upwards of $176,000,000. From membership dues the collections have amounted to approximately $24,- 500,000. - To the foregoing must be added that very large contribution of materials and time given by the millions of women throughout the country in surgical dress- ings, in knitted articles, in hospital and refugee garments, in canteen work, and the other activities the chapters have been called upon to perform. It estimated that approximately C,000,000 women are engaged in canteen work and the production of relief sup- plies through the chapters. For the period up to July 1, 1918, American Red Cross chapters, through is and, above all things, on the wonderful spirit of sacrifice and patriotism which has pervaded that work. The strength of the Red Cross They are its bone and sinew. They supply its funds, they supply its men and women, they supply its enthusiasm. Let us, then, re- view together the Red Cross story of the past year. :: :: :: rests upon its chapters. Red Cross family has grown may be gathered from the following facts: On May 1, 1917, just before the appointment of the War Council, the American Red Some idea of the size to which your Cross had 486,194 members working through 562 chapters. On July 31, 1918, the organ- ization numbered 20,648,103 annual mem- bers, besides 8,000,000 members of the Junior Red Cross—a total enrollment of over one-fourth the population of the United States. These members now carry on their Red Cross work through 3,854 chapters, which again divide themselves into some 30,000 branches and auxiliaries. Since the beginning of the war, you of the chapters have cooperated with the War Council in conducting two war fund drives and one membership drive, in ad- dition to the campaign on behalf of the Junior Red Cross. The total actual collections to date from the first war fund have amounted to more than $115,000,000. The sub- the second war fund scriptions to their workrooms, had produced: 490,120 refugee garments. 7,123,621 hospital supplies. 10,786,489 hospital garments. 10,134,501. knitted articles. 192,748,107 surgical dressings. A total of 221,282,838 articles—of an estimated aggregate value of at least $44,000,000. These articles were largely the product of women’s hands, and, by the same token, infinitely more precious than could have been the output of factories or ma- chines. These articles going to the oper- ating rooms of the hospitals, to home- less or needy refugees, and carrying comfort to our own boys in the field, convey a message of love from the women of this country entirely distinct Secretary Baker on his latest visit to Europe, in front of a new Red Cross Camp Hospital Somewhere-in-England. Left to right: Major F. J. Rodgers, American Red Cross; Secretary Baker; Brig.-Gen. Martin; Joseph Hostetler of Cleveland; Lord Mayor of Winchester W. F. from the great money value attaching to their handiwork. :k >k :: By the terms under which the first Red Cross war fund was raised, the chapters were entitled to retain 25 per cent of the amount collected, in order to defray local expenses, to carry on their home service work, to purchase materials to be utilized in chapter production and otherwise to meet the numerous calls made upon them. The chapters were thus entitled to retain nearly $29,000,000. As a matter of fact, their actual reten- tions amounted to only about $22,000,000. Out of the collections from annual memberships, the chapters have retained about $11,000,000. From this total sum, therefore, of $33,000,000 retained by the chap- - ters, they have met all the often- - times very heavy local demands upon them, and in addition have provided for use by National | Headquarters products valued, as stated above, at upwards of $44,000,000. The chapters have in effect returned to the War Council, not alone the $33,000,000 re- tained out of the war fund and membership dues but, in value of actual product, an additional contribution of at least $11,- 000,000. It will thus be seen that dur- ing the eighteen months which have elapsed since the United States entered the war, the American people will have either paid in or pledged to the Ameri- can Red Cross for its work of relief throughout the world, in money or in material values, a net total of at least $325,000,000. This outpouring of generosity in mate- rial things has been accompanied by a spontaneity in the giving, by an enthu- siasm and a devotion in the doing, which, after all, are greater and bigger than could be anything measured in terms of time or dollars. It has been because of this spirit which has pervaded all American Red Cross ef- fort in this war that the aged governor of one of the stricken and battered pro- vinces of France stated, not long since, that, though France had long known of America’s greatness, strength and enter- prise, it remained for the American Red Cross in this war to reveal America’s heart. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN In this country, at this moment, the workers of the Red Cross, through its chapters, are helping to add to the com- fort and health of the millions of our soldiers in 102 camps and cantonments, as well as of those traveling on railroad trains or embarking on ships for duty Overseas. The Home Service of the Red Cross, with its now more than 40,000 workers, is extending its ministrations of sym- pathy and counsel each month to up- wards of 100,000 families left behind by soldiers at the front—a number ever growing with the increase of our men under arms. :: :k :: But, of course, the heart of the Red Cross and its money and attention al- ways move toward and focus themselves in Europe where the American Red Cross, as truly “the greatest mother in the world,” is seeking to draw “a vast net of mercy through an ocean of un- speakable pain.” Nothing is withheld that can be given over there to supplement the efforts of our Army and Navy in caring for our own boys. The Red Cross does not pre- tend to do the work of the Medical Corps of the Army or the Navy; its purpose is to help and to supplement. Nor does the Red Cross seek to glorify what it does or those who do it; our sat- isfaction is in the result, which, we are assured by Secretary Baker, General Pershing, General Ireland and all our leaders, is of inestimable value and of indispensable importance. :: :: :: By the first of January, your Red Cross will have working in France up- wards of 5,000 Americans—a vivid con- trast to the little group of eighteen men and women which, as the first Red Cross Commission to France, sailed about June 1, 1917, to initiate our efforts in Europe. Under your Commission to France the work has been carefully organized, fa- cilities have been provided, and effective efforts made to so cooperate with the Army as to carry out the determination of the American people, and especially of the members of the Re 1 Cross, that our boys “over there” shall lack for noth- ing which may add to their safety, com- fort and happiness. Your Red Cross now has active, oper- ating commissions in France, in Eng- land, in Italy, in Belgium, in Switzer- land, in Palestine and in Greece. You have sent a shipload of relief supplies and a group of devoted workers to north- ern Russia; you have despatched a com- mission to work behind our armies in eastern Siberia; you have sent special representatives to Denmark, to Serbia and to the Island of Madeira. Your Red Cross is thus extending re- lief to the armies and navies of our Al- lies; and you are carrying a practical message of hope and relief to the friendly peoples of afflicted Europe and Asia. Indeed, we are told by those best in- formed in the countries of our Allies that the efforts of your Red Cross to aid the soldiers and to sustain the morale of the civilian populations left at home, es- pecially in France and Italy, have consti- tuted a very real factor in winning the War. *: :: :: The veil has already begun to lift. The defection of Bulgaria, which by the time this message can be read, may have been followed by events still more por- tentous, may point the way to yet greater Red Cross opportunity and obligation. “The cry from Macedonia” to come and help will probably prove one of the most appealing messages to which the world has ever listened. What the Red Cross may be called upon to do in the further course of the war, or with the coming of victory, peace and reconstruction, it would be idle to attempt to prophesy. But your great organization, in very truth “the mobilized heart and spirit of the whole American people,” has shown itself equal to any call, ready to respond to any emergency. The American Red Cross has become not so much an organization as a great movement, seeking to embody in organ- ized form the spirit of service, the spirit of sacrifice—in short, all that is best and highest in the ideals and aspirations of our country. . Indeed we can not but believe that this wonderful spirit which service in and for the Red Cross has evoked in this war, is destined to become in our national life an element of permanent value. At Christmas time we shall ask the whole American people to answer the Red Cross Christmas roll-call. It will constitute an unique appeal to every man, woman and child in this great land of ours to become enrolled in our army of mercy. It is the hope of the War Council that this Christmas membership roll-call shall constitute a reconsecration of the whole American people, an inspiring reassertion to mankind that in this hour of world tragedy, not to conquer but to serve is America’s supreme aim. - - The War Council of the American Red Cross, Henry P. Davison, Chairman. Washington, D. C., October 10, 1918. The debarkation hospitals now ready for occupancy in New York City will accommodate 5,651 patients. Four tuberculosis hospitals of the American Red Cross in France will be erected at a cost of $500,000. NO MORE USE TO GERMANY - - . But this old man, repatriated from enemy territory, finds Red Cross welcome on arrival at Gare - du Nord, Paris - - - - * * * - --- 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post ()ffice at Washington BY SUV3SCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDrow W LSON. . . . . . . . . . . . President RoRERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jouin Skki.To N WILLIAMS . . fe tº Treasurer Jot N W. D.A.V. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How AR D TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee E1.1 o'r \\ A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman Corn ELIUS N. B.Liss, JR. HARVEY D. GIBSON Joh N D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officia 'WILLIAM How AR D TA:ºr ELIOT WADsworth WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 28, 1918 Over the Top Again Another Liberty Loan has been splen- didly over-subscribed. The people at home are showing the same spirit that animates the sons of America who are making glorious history on the battle fronts in Europe. Going over the top— in and out of uniform—is an American habit. The habit leads to thrilling retrospec- tion in these critical days of the war. Every demand made upon the American forces of liberty has been more than met. Every demand will be met until the end desired has been attained. Better than all, a devotion to service has been gen- erated and developed along lines that will be of lasting effect—not abruptly ter- minated when the cannon cool. Amer- ica has found herself in alliance with the forces of freedom throughout the earth. Behind it all is something grander and more inspiring than the heaps of money which a nation of plenty has piled up for use in humanity’s cause. It is the spirit of a people. To afford opportunity to reg- ister this spirit to its full is the object of the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call. Look- ing backward and forward, every Red Cross worker now enlisted should be spurred to increased endeavor to make this registration complete, “Make it unanimous,” The Human Touch When a man registers for military ser- vice it is not the urbanity and lovableness of his Government that most impress him. In the training camps he feels the might of organization and the value of discipline; the steel-like strength of his nation is all about him; but the human touch, which means so much to ordinary mortals, seems to some men to be lack- ing. A wise man will find his pride in becoming a servant; a lesser man will Speak of himself as a cog in a machine. It is to correct this impression of mere mechanism that the Red Cross exists. The society has been called the Greatest Mother in the World, and the phrase, al- beit a little loud, does indicate that spirit of watchful care which the American people try to express through the Red Cross. Camp Service Automatically almost, the greater part of the interest attaching to our troops centers in the fighting zones of France and Belgium, and in the hospitals over- Seas where American wounded are being cared for. For that very reason it is important to revert occasionally to the relief work that is being done in the va- rious camps and cantonments in this country, where hundreds of thousands of soldiers are in training for whatever duty the future may have in store. The Red Cross activities in connection with the troops on this side of the water are of themselves an index to the great- ness of the program which prepares armies for service in the field. The en- listed man is an object of solicitude to the Red Cross from the time he leaves He is the recipient of every attention his con- his home to don his uniform. dition may require, supplementary to the care provided by the throughout his entire period of training, and until he sets sail for the front— the same sort of attention that is be- Government, Stowed on him thousands of miles from his home land. The ninth installment of the War Council’s reports on the use of the Red Cross war fund tells in detail of the work which is being done under the general characterization of Camp Service. It tells of the particularly important work looking to the comfort of men who have been ill in camp, and whose return to complete health would be much harder of accomplishment if it were not for the home-like attention which the Red Cross has provided. It tells also of the efforts to surround the nurses, who are serving their country no less than the soldiers, with an atmosphere that will lighten their burdens and provide recreation for them. in their leisure hours. It would be well for Red Cross work- ers to make a special effort to place this report of the Red Cross War Council on the activities at home before as many of their friends as possible. The men them- selves and the friends who visit them in camp know the meaning of the service. For those who have not come in actual contact with it, this report will supply doubly valuable information. -º-e— ---- Woman’s Overseas Club in New York The Red Cross Woman’s Overseas Club has been organized in New York to house and care for the large number of women who come to that city on their way to Europe for Red Cross service, and who must live there for a week or ten days while securing their passports, getting their uniforms and waiting for their boat to sail. Arrangements have been made with the Martha Washington Hotel under which a large number of rooms are set aside for these workers, at a price which enables the Red Cross to board and lodge them for less than the allowance given them for living expenses. Mrs. James A. Burden, Jr., Chairman of the Committee in charge of the Club, has also arranged to give these women, during their stay in New York, as much preliminary instruction as possible, so that they may be better fitted for the work they will do in France. Courses on public health and hygiene, social welfare work and French, will be given; and, when possible, returned workers from France and Itaiy will be secured to give lectures on the French people and the kind of work done abroad. Lady Wingate has sent from Egypt a beautiful necklace of pearls, numbering 3,519 jewels, and a sapphire and dia- mond clasp, to be sold for the Red Cross in London. The palatial hotels of the French Ri- viera have been thrown open as conva- lescent homes for American officers, T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 THE CALL IN THE NIGHT By CAPT. JOHN E. WAGNER, A. R. C., Midnight, and the old English Cathe- dral city sleeps, mist and a drizzling rain wrapping the town in a ghostly veil. The Red Cross division commander raises wearied eyes from his desk as he closes his hospital report. With a sigh he rises and reaches for his overcoat, Congratulating himself that at last the tired officer, fighting off his drowsiness, notes the outline of the hills and the quiet farmhouses, and there comes to his mind a Kansas landscape with waving fields of ripening grain. He sees a peaceful home and an ageing man whose hopes and fears are centered in a boy—the boy who is now waiting for “some one from Kan- sas” to carry a farewell to that father be- fore he goes to join his mother in the shadow-land. CHINA’s VOICEFOR AMERICA By SHEN PEI LAN. Note.—Miss Shen Pei Lan is a student in the seventh grade of the -school for . . girls conducted by the Women's Foreigº: Missionary Society of the M. E. Church: at Nanking. This is a literal translation ºf of her essay, which won the prize in a contest during the last Red Cross drive. If a country is set up between heaven day’s work is done. He moves to the door and is in the act of switching off the light when the telephone buzz e r se n d s its sharp, strident call echo- ing through the de- serted building. Impatiently the Officer returns to h is d e s k and snatches up the in- st r u m ent. The voice on the wire is thin and indistinct, and the commander repeats the mes- sage: “An Ameri- can boy dying in the hospital at . . . . . a n d a skin g for so m e o n e from Kansas.” “Who is it?” he queries. “Where is he from?—Topeka? Why, I know his father. Tell him to hold on, that I will come at once.” He adds, “It’s 85 miles you know.” Quickly the offi- cer puts in a call for his g a r a ge. There is a long wait. F in a 1 1 y a sleepy voice re- “I AM THE RED CROSS” Written for The American Red Cross Bulletin (London) By CAPT. JAMES A. MILLS, A. R. C., France. am the Red Cross. I was born of the hearts of men. I am sustained by forty million souls. mercy, kindness and charity. My bounds are the limits of the earth. I am my brother’s keeper. I know neither color, race nor religion. My creed is the creed My mission is of of service. My voice is the voice of the American people. My goal is the goal of a higher humanity. My precept is the precept of God. My reward is the grati- tude of the widow and orphan, of the strong and the sick, of the unhappy and the bereaved. I go forth into the darkness of the night, into the uncertainties of the day. I penetrate the field of battle. I defy the peril of shell and bullet. I lighten the horrors of the combat. I encourage and inspire the soldier. I give him a thousand comforts. I minister to those he has left at home. I claim the wounded from the battlefield. I bind their wounds and ease their sufferings. I mark the graves of the dead. I go into hospital and home and hovel. I scorn contagion. I am the guardian of infant life, the apostle of health and cleanliness, the conserver of old age. I visit the sick. I bury the dead. I help the halt. I cheer the sorrowful. I lead the blind into paths of light. I teach the crippled new ways of life. I eradicate epidemics. I am the foe of plagues and pestilences. I mitigate the horrors of floods and fires and wrecks. I am the arch-enemy of calamities. I tri- umph over poverty. want and woe. I house the homeless. I feed the hungry. I clothe the naked. I protect the widow and the orphan. I am the friend and helper of all nations. My hand and heart encompass the globe. My legionaires I send to the uttermost parts of the earth —across the threatened ocean, through war-swept territories, over infested lands. I am the sentinel of the human race. My sympathy and succor are boundless. My purse is great enough for all. A dozen nations return me homage, a dozen potentates pay me tribute. The people of the earth offer me their prayers. My emblem is the Cross—symbol of supreme charity and of the Saviour of Men. Before me, the enemy stays his hand and bows in reverence to my mercy. Behind me march ten million soldiers, with hearts for any fate. I challenge and triumph over death. My strength and struggles are for the living, my prayers and compassion for the dead. I am the savior of life, the assuager of death. I am my brother’s keeper. I am the Red Cross! and earth and re- ceives benefits from other countries, it is not well for it to forget that this is the case. In all public mat- ters whoever has economic rights must have public obligations. T O th in k back from the time of the Boxer Year until now, it may well be said that America h a stre a t e d my countrymen with the highest degree of grace. As to America’s helping us when we were in need, she put herself to gre a t trouble to loan us 1 a r g e sum s of money. As to edu- cation, she has sought with the greatest eagerness to have it spread abroad to every place. As to diplo- matic relationships, the y h a ve been most friendly and cordial. O u r country, since it has re- ceived so much sponds, complaining bitterly. “Yes,” the commander cuts in, “I know all about that. You open up that garage now, or you’ll find the door pried off and my car gone when you wake up to- morrow.” And a quarter of an hour later, a busi- ness-like little Ford is nosing its way up a long hill toward the quiet highway, its lamps gleaming dully on the wet road. Mile after mile is swiftly covered and soon the open country is reached. The The sky begins to lighten, for dawn comes early in this northern latitude. In the distance looms the dark bulk of a huge military hospital, and presently the car turns in at a wide gateway, rushing past a yawning guard. Another moment and the commander is in the entrance hall, throwing off coat and cap. A Red Cross assistant meets him at the door of the American ward. “It’s 16-A. Hurry,” she urges. (Concluded on page 10) from America, ought to give in return its very best. In this way, as the world sees it, we need not be ashamed and we can keep up our fellowship with our friends and neighbors. At this time the American Red Cross has come to China to raise money. We ought to give liberally, thus living up to our professions of friendship. This is the first reason we can not but help in this matter. (Concluded on page 9) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN CARE OF BOYS OVER HERE Relief Work in Camps and Canton- ºr ments Reported on by Red Cross War Council The ninth section of the report of the activities and expenditures of the Amer- ican Red Cross, which is being made to the American people, covers the activi- ties in connection with assistance fur- nished the soldiers in the camps and can- tonnents in the United States and its ter- ritories. It is work which is being done for the soldiers themselves, and is con- ducted under the designation of military relief as distinguished from the work done in relieving and caring for the fam- ilies of soldiers, con- ducted by the home stood that in all its activities the Amer- ican Red Cross is doing only work sup- plementary to the greater activities of the army and navy departments, whether in relief work on the field, in the camps, or in the hospitals. As example of Red Cross camp ser- vice it was able to supply immediately approximately 20,000 blankets at Camp Bowie last winter when, because of a “Norther,” an epidemic of sickness was threatened. In very many cases medi- cines and hospital equipment of various kinds have been provided to meet im- mediate and urgent needs before they could have been obtained through the regular channels. The following is from a Red Cross me glad I was able to belong to an or- ganization which made such things pos- sible.” To provide for the comfort of soldiers en route to the front, or from one camp to another, over 700 canteens have been established on the railway lines of this country, and at embarkation points. At the more important stations, meals are served on telegraphic request from com- manders of troop trains; emergency relief is also furnished the sick and wounded en route. If necessary, sick or wounded soldiers are removed from the train and taken to a hospital. The volume of this service has been large. Approximately 55,000 women are engaged in this work. The most extensive Red Cross ser- service branch. This work was be- gun as soon as the United States tered the war and men were called to the colors. On Feb- ruary 13, 1918, a gen- eral order was is- sued by the War De- outlining en- partment, certain approved ac- tivities of the Red Cross and the form of organization for their conduct. Since that time much prog- ress has been made in building up and perfecting this or- ganization. The appropriation for camp service work from the time it became active up to June 30, 1918, was $2,535,713. The appropriation for the six months ending December 31, 1918, amounts to $3,475,000. :k :: :: Up to July 31, 1918, the Red Cross had distributed to the soldiers in the United States and territories, exclusive of what was distributed in the war zone, 2,240,514 sweaters, 776,615 mufflers, 1,054,814 wrist- lets, 645,961 helmets, 2,143,921 pairs of socks and 419,822 comfort kits. These articles were produced in Red Cross workrooms by the women volunteers of the country. They are not intended as substitutes for any of the equipment is- sued by the U. S. Army authorities, but as supplementary to the army equipment. In this connection it should be under- worker at a point of embarkation: “Once upon a time,” this worker writes, “there came in here a battalion of engineers who had seen their whole freight car of bar- rack bags burned up the night before. They had nothing, left but their packs. Their commanding officer telephoned me from embarkation headquarters, due to the notice posted there that the distrib- uting depot was here for just such emer- There was little time, as the men were being loaded on the boat. “I filled trunks with sweaters, gloves, comfort bags, two pair of socks for each man, and helmets—and a more grateful gencies. crew of lumberjacks you have never known. When I climbed down into their troop and told them personally of the gift, they were so grateful that it made A. R. C. CONVALESCENT HOME, WALTER REED HOSPITAL, WASHINGTON - vice rendered the soldiers in the United States is doubtless in the hos- pital zones, in con- junction with the army medical corps. To appreciate the nature of this aid, it is well to know something of the or- ganization of the Red Cross camp ser- vice. First, there is the field director, who is accredited to the camp command- He has the er. status of an officer, is under army or-. ders, and is respon- sible for all Red Cross activities in the camp. Then there are two associ- ate directors, one in charge of the home service and the other of the hospital service. The associate director in charge of the Red Cross activities in the hospitals has one or more assistants, depending upon the size of the hospital, to enable him to conduct the work under his care. First in the order of these duties is what is known as the communication service, an activity created on January 26, 1918, when the Secretary of War requested the Red Cross to extend to domestic camps the Service which it was doing abroad in this line of work. In compliance with this request, work- ers have been placed in base and general army and navy hospitals in this coun- try who cooperate with the army and navy officers responsible for keeping fam- T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 ilies advised of the condition of their sons and husbands and fathers in accord- ance with army and navy regulations. This necessitates daily visits to all sick and wounded, and a great volume of cor- respondence. Other duties performed by these hospital workers are visiting the sick, writing letters, furnishing stamps and writing material, supplying books, magazines, games and tobacco, and cash- ing checks. Under the supervision of the associate director are also the activities in connec- tion with the convalescent houses, which have been erected by the Red Cross with the approval of the Surgeon General and the Secretary of War. To date 63 of these houses have been built, or are in process of c on struction. They contain as a rule 12 bedrooms for the families of pa- tients who have been sent for by the hos- pital commander to see patients who are They and in extremis. have libraries club rooms with a platform that can be used as a solarium or as a stage. the y In fact, a r e the and wounded houses where model sick may recuperate and begin such voca- tional studies as may be desired. The calls paid to houses and a number are already com- pleted. These buildings will have one large as- sembly room and smaller room are to be used as library, sewing room, laundry and kitchen. Their specific object is to fur- nish a place where the hundreds of army and Red Cross nurses may have a place to get away for a little while every day or two to rest and recuperate and to per- form such work for themselves as will make them comfortable. Another line of Red Cross work is its sanitary service. Its purpose is to co- operate wtih the United States Public Health Service in the sanitary zones of radius surrounding the 32 camps and naval bases of the United five-mile one of these num- bered 3,000 a day for an entire week. Several children have also been born in these homes to mothers who had come to visit sick husbands. For the erection and furnishings of these convalescent houses $1,512,000 was spent up to June 30, 1918, and an appro- priation of $1,000,000 had been made for additional houses to be erected between June 30 and December 31, 1918. Heretofore nurses have had only their bedrooms in which to spend their leisure hours. In accordance with the approval of the Surgeon General of the army under date of March 22, 1918, and approved by the Secretary of War, the Red Cross has undertaken to erect at each base and army hospital in this country a small building as a rest and recreation house for the nurses. Contracts have already been let for the construction of forty-one of these States. The Red Cross sanitary service is maintained out of a special appropria- tion which, up to June 30, 1918, had amounted to $526,906. Of this appro- priation, $351,361 was expended. In ad- dition to this, $67,578 was expended in the purchase and operation of four mo- bile laboratory cars, which were moved from camp to camp for research pur- poses as seeming danger required. of epidemic A benefit concert was recently given at the Casino de Veules les Roses for the American Red Cross in France. During the first six months of 1918, the American Red Cross furnished 96,- 000,000 surgical dressings to hospitals in France. SUN PARLOR IN CONVALESCENT HOME, WALTER REED Hospital MAKE BOYS FEEL AT HOME American Women Look Aſter the American Wounded in the Belgian Hospitals Le Havre, October 15. While the Belgian Commission of the American Red Cross is concerned pri- marily in aiding the Belgian civil and military population, it stepped into the breach recently, when French and British military hospitals in Le Havre found some 300 wounded American soldiers mingled with their own newly arrived wounded, principally from the fighting near Chateau Thierry. Up to that time there had been no American wounded in Le Havre and the district office of the Red Cross, under the C on m is si on for France, was just be- ing organized. When word was received at the office the Commission for Bel- gium of the Red that Ameri- can wounded were Le hospitals, Colonel Er- Bickneſſ,” Commissioner of Cross, pouring into H a v re Lieut. nest - P. for Belgium, organized a committee of American women to the regularly and to see they had those com- forts which the Red Cross can supply. provided by the Belgian visit wounded Funds were Commission. The American Committee was headed by Mrs. John Ball Osborne, wife of the American consul at Le Havre. Her as- sociates were Mrs. Ernest P. Bicknell, Mrs. Robert Bradford, Mrs. Jean de Mot, Mrs. Wm. Mathews, Mrs. Louis Orrell and Mrs. John Van Schaick. The Amer- ican. soldier boys found that instead of being in a strange land, among soldiers and nurses who spoke a strange language, they were really in the hands of Ameri- can women ready to see that they had every comfort. Small Red Cross flags point the way from “No Man’s Land” to the first aid dressings stations, to guide the steps of the “walking wounded.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN PALESTINE FIELD IS WIDE Increased Appropriations for Re- lief as Needs of Situation Become More Pressing The budget of the Red Cross Commis- sion for Palestine, to cover the period ending December 31, 1918, calls for ex- penditures aggregating $470,000, for which appropriations have been made by the War Council. Of this amount the sum of $320,000 is to provide for indus- trial and social relief work of the Com- mission; $100,000 is for general relief work, and $50,000 is to cover the cost of the Commission’s medical department. A cablegram from Dr. Finley, head of the Palestine commission, recently re- ceived, says that the remarkable victory of the British forces has enormously extended the territory of service for the American Red Cross in Palestine. An allotment of $750 a month has been made for the reopening and support of the civilian hospital at Nazareth. Ar- rangements have been made to send workers to Es-Salt, beyond the Jordan, returning with 5,000 refugees, to whom the Red Cross have been ministering in Jerusalem and elsewhere. Two boys' orphanages, accommodating approximately 400 children, are being conducted. The commission has taken bulidings for a girls’ orphanage and re- ception house, for orphans to be dis- tributed later among other institutions. One orphanage is located on the crest of Mount Zion. The hospital at Jerusalem is reported filled to capacity, and the bacteriological laboratory is in full operation. A chil- dren's hospital, with twenty beds, has been opened, and daily clinics and a dis- pensary are being conducted for two hun- dred patients. The commission also is supporting relief orphanages, caring for six hundred orphans, and is giving aid to well organized Catholic institutions. The commission is working in close co- operation with the Zionist unit, which is ministering to the Jews. Another activity is a day nursery for the care of children whose mothers are employed. Relief is being given largely through work and existing agencies. The industrial department conducts two large workrooms in Jerusalem; two workrooms employing Russian Pilgrim women, stranded in Jerusalem, and sev- eral village workshops. Approximately employed—Moslem, The occupations knitting, 1,500 women are Jewish and Christian. include spinning, weaving, dressmaking, basketry, rugmaking, man- ufacture of bedding, lace work and em- broidery. Similar work is being carried on at Jaffa. Industrial educational and relief work for refugees is being carried on in the Armenian camp at Port Said, where 7,000 Armenians are now gathered. Agricultural work has been started on an extensive scale. A survey of child life in Palestine is being made. The sanitation of all buildings in camps and villages in which Red Cross workers are employed is being improved. At a reception held a few weeks ago, GRAND MOTHER, MOTHER AND CHILDREN-REFUGEES FROM ES-SALT, JERUSALEM the cablegram states, Major General Sir Arthur Nonby, representing the com- mander in chief, spoke with appreciation of what the Red Cross has done in sup- plementing the work of the administra- tion, and in cooperating with them in the regeneration of Palestine. He said: “I congratulate you all on the progress and development in every branch of the work which you have tackled with such good will and energy.” In another cablegram received at Na- tional Headquarters Dr. Finley says: “Recovery of entire Holy Land from the Turks, one of the most significant events of history of world, welcomed by Moslem, Jew and Christian alike. Un- der trusteeship of those who have re- covered this sacred land, which is cradle of three great religions, the civilized world can now give opportunity for THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN highest development, as illustration of its ideals for humanity. “America should be first to help in rehabilitation of this land which Great Britain and her Allies have redeemed. First medium of help is Red Cross, which makes no distinction of race or faith. Have just completed journey on foot from Beersheba to Dan, following closely advance British army through Samaria and Galilee. Have sent medical section from present unit to Haifa and Tiberias; serious health &ndition found in latter.” A still later cablegram tells of a tour just completed through Palestine and lower Syria. It states that one-third of the Lebanon population has died of starvation and diseases due to lack of adequate food. Many villages have been destroyed and are in ruin. The cable stated that steps had been taken to or- ganize all available forces, and to give immediately out of the funds in hand. Dr. Finley’s Broader Work Dr. John H. Finley, head of the Red Cross Commission for Palestine, has been appointed Commissioner for the Near East,-including Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Asia Minor. In requesting this appointment, the other members of the Commission stated that Dr. Finley had won the high esteem of the British au- thorities, and that they considered his statesmanship essential for the organiza- tion of further Red Cross activities throughout the Near East. China’s Voice for America (Concluded from page 5) China and America were originally neutral countries. Later, because Ger- many used the submarine policy, which was very inhuman and cruel, the two countries for the sake of respecting the principles of humanitarianism came to one common attitude and boldly and with decision declared war on Germany. They swore to déstroy this despotic king of devils. Afterwards they were happy. Accordingly last year in the ninth month they sent forth soldiers to the French border. Where these righteous soldiers went the enemy fled. All the soldiers went about daily in the midst of a forest of guns and a rain of bul- 1ets. They sacrificed their heads without stint. They shed their hot blood for right principle. Indeed their bitterness was great. That our country can not send forth soldiers to fight is a great regret to us, and we of course have been doing all that we could to help. Now that op- portunity has presented itself in that the American Red Cross is trying to raise money in China, should we not untie the strings of our purses and help, for in helping America we are truly helping ourselves. This is the second reason we can not but help in this cause. If we look over the past and present, every country has been bound togther by many ties so that it would not fall, and from the distant past down to the present, every people has propagated its own kind, all because their country has some fine characteristics. From the time my country was established 5,000 years ago among the principles which the sages have handed down and scholars have commented upon is the principle of universal love, which is highly es- teemed by all the nations of the world. We may know that great love is for our countrymen an inherited disposition. If we do not at all times and in all places advocate great love and practice this greatest of human principles, use our strength to spread it abroad and to make the light of this truth greater, we will lose the sacred heritage of the yellow race. Therefore if we examine great love, follow after it, and estimate its bearing on human life, this is the third reason we can not but help in this matter. I hope that the brothers and sisters of my country, every one will bring forth a great willingness to rise up and help. It takes many pieces of fine cloth to make a garment. It takes many baskets full of earth to make a hill. Many wounded soldiers are waiting for our help. There is nothing difficult about this. Junior Four-Minute Contests The December subject for the speaking contests of the Junior Four-Minute Men, which the Committee on Public In- formation has organized in the schools throughout the country, will be “The American Red Cross.” The relatives and friends of the pupils are invited to at- tend these contests, to the winner of which a certificate of first honors is pre- sented. “National School Service,” the semi-monthly magazine of the Commit- tee, will devote approximately one-half of its December issue to the Red Cross, and in addition, the Committee will pub- lish a Bulletin featuring the Red Cross contest, a million and a half copies of which will be distributed, two to each school teacher in the country, WILL WARN THE LINGERING Home Service Workers to Aid Army in Solution of the Absent- Without-Leave Problem “Absence without leave” is one of the serious problems of the military authori- ties in converting our peaceful and some- what informal citizens into the splendid fighting men of the nation. That a few hours or a day or so, more or less, should count very much in the sum total of hours of service, is difficult to bring home to men unaccustomed to army methods, and it is even more im- possible in some instances to make the families or friends of the men realize the necessity of a prompt return when leave is “up.” To aid in spreading abroad the knowl- edge of this, and to make the “best girl” as anxious over the unauthorized absence as is the commanding officer of the man in training, the morale branch of the gen- eral staff of the Army has sought the cooperation of the Home Service of the Red Cross. It is estimated that at least 50 per cent of the cases of absence without leave are due to the persuasive powers of the “folks back home.” Just to stay for “a last evening,” just to settle up “one more detail” of business, just to stay “over Sunday,” and so on, and the military ma- chinery of that man’s particular organiza- tion is thrown out of gear. Moreover, he must pay the penalty of this most serious offense by any one of several methods of punishment, accord- ing to the length of his absence and the attendant circumstances. The offense is most aggravated in form when it is committed at the ports of em- barkation. An officer at one of these embarkation ports said: “It is more trouble to send to France one ‘absent without leave’ man who thus becomes an overseas casual, than it is to transport a regiment.” The Home Service of the Red Cross has assured General Munson, chief of the morale branch, that every possible co- operation will be given. Posters issued for the Army work by the Committee on Public Information will be distributed in all places accessible to the Home Serv- ice, and the lesson will be carried into the homes by every possible means, in order that these illegal absences may be re- garded in their true proportion in the family circles. - 10 T H E H E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN KING WISITS OUR WOUNDED Ruler of Great Britain With Queen and Princess Spends Hours at Red Cross Hospital. London, October 21— “Remember, boys, if there is anything we can do for you at any time we want to know it, and shall take real pleasure in doing it.”. This was the cheery message spoken by King George to u11e thousand wounded and convalescent American soldiers at the conclusion of a visit of several hours to the American Red Cross military hospital at Dartford, near Lon- don, yesterday afternoon. The king was accompanied by Queen Mary and Princess Mary, the visitors showing great interest in the Red Cross activities and chatting with scores of men in the different wards. - The royal party, on their arrival at the hospital from Buckingham Palace, were received by Col. H. E. Fiske and the Red Cross officers on duty. The greeting from several hundred wounded soldiers, whose crutches, invalid chairs, splints and bandages bore silent witness to their sacrifices, affected the visitors deeply. One of the first things to attract the attention of King George was a yellow and green ribbon on the crutch of Ser- geant E. J. Donnell of Chicago. Ser- geant Donnell was walking through the corridor when King George “fell into step with him and asked about the mean- ing of the ribbon. After being told that it was the insignia of American soldiers who served on the Mexican border, the king discussed the war with Donnell. Irving Corse, of Minneapolis, an American aviator, interested ... the king greatly, when he told him he had been wounded by a fragment of his own bomb, dropped on a German concentration camp while he was flying only twenty feet above the ground. King George said this was one of the most unusual experiences that had come to his atten- tion. He spent some time with Corse, telling him of interesting experiences re- lated to him by British and French fly- ing men. - - On reaching the bedside of William Enkler of Freeport, N. Y., King George was surprised to see Enkler reading an American paper of comparatively recent date. ' - * - “How do you get the American news- papers so soon after publication?” asked the king. “Through the Red Cross,” said Enk- ler. “They get us papers from all parts of the United States. This one has been read by thirty men already.” Private Jules Fox of Model, Tenn., told Queen Mary he owed his life to his nurse, Miss Nora Calligan, of Weather- ford, Texas. Queen Mary shook hands with Miss Calligan and congratulated her on her work. Other nurses who talked with Queen Mary were Miss Jean Day, of Schenectady, and Miss Mary T. De- vine, of Brooklyn, who were attending Roy Naneny of Rutherford, N. C., wounded at Ypres. King George spent the greater part of his time in the orthopedic ward. Ortho- pedics has long been his special hobby. He talked at length with C. A. Better, of Pittsburgh, who had a fractured leg sus- pended on pulleys; George Lynch, of New York, who received a gunshot wound at Dickebush, and Lieutenant J. P. Kerrigan, of Rutland, Vt., whose right leg is off below the knee, the re- sult of a wound received at Ypres. King George told of a soldier in Queen Mary's Hospital, at Roehampton, who was simi- larly handicapped, but who is now using an artificial leg. Miss Eleanor Johnson, of Long Island City, N. Y., Kerrigan's nurse, took part in the conversation. Just before leaving the hospital King George visited the shell-shock ward. There he talked with Miss Annie Mack, of Brooklyn, chief nurse of the hospital, and Alfonso Delarenzo, of New York, a sculptor, Delarenzo enlisted as a kitchen worker, but recently was assigned to duty in the shell-shock ward. The Call in the Night (Concluded from page 5) The officer stops at a bed where a young patient is struggling for breath. He lays his hand on the boy’s. “I am the Kansas man you sent for,” he says simply. “What can I do for you, my boy?” With an effort the dying lad opens his eyes and smiles faintly. “Call Dad,” he whispers. “Call 3-6. Goodbye, Dad.” Fighty-five miles in the rain and the night to comfort one of our Boys in his last hour; to arrange a Christian burial; to see that the grave is covered with flowers; to write the letters that will lighten the sorrow of those at home; to see that a simple stone is erected to mark the resting place of one who gave his life that the future might be safe for all. Truly the work of the Red Cross is worth while, sº - CLEARING HOUSE HOSPITAL A. R. C. Institution at Liverpool is Expanded to Meet Demands Not Seen at First In terms of patients, the growth of the American Red Cross hospital at Liver- pool represents the growth of America’s overseas forces sent to England. It was the first hospital for American soldiers to be established in Great Britain, and because of its location it has remained one of the most important. Need of this hospital became urgent last fall as a result of the fact that cold weather had brought with it a large num- ber of pneumonia cases, Some of these cases had to be diverted to British hos= pitals until the American Red Cross could prepare the small institution which it was then thought would answer all re- quirements. Dr. Edmund Muspratt, a public-spirited citizen of Liverpool, offered for the pur- pose his beautiful old residence, Mossley House, at the purely nominal rental of ten pounds a year. It is situated in a fashionable suburb, the grounds cover- ing seven acres. The house lent itself ad- mirably to use as a hospital, and in the record time of thirty-four days it was equipped and made ready for patients. On January 11 it was formally opened as American Red Cross Military Hos- pital No. 4, under Major Udo J. Wile, formerly professor of surgery at the Uni- versity of Michigan. But its seventy-five beds were quickly found to be inadequate, and an increase to 200 was authorized. Two ward build- ings were erected to provide the extra facilities. Hardly, however, had the hospital be- gcn to operate on that basis when a fur- ther enlargement became necessary. Or- ders were received to extend facilities immediately to accommodate 500 pa- tients. The officer now in command is Capt. M. W. Leonard, of New York, and under his energetic management the hospital is doing a notable work. It now includes about 20 buildings, while in order to be prepared for an emergency overflow Captain Leonard has put up a number of large tents, fully equipped, so that if necessary 300 additional patients may be cared for. . Originally the hospital was intended only for a limited class of patients. Its work has extended, however, until it now acts, as clearing house for all England. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 11 “Florence Nightingale Hospital” The “Florence Nightingale American Red Cross Hospital” is the popular name of the institution established in a quiet Hampshire town in England on the river Test, close to the grave of Florence Nightingale. On three sides of her tombstone are inscribed the names of father, mother, sister, and the fourth- panel bears the simple story: “F. N.— Born 12 May, 1820. Died 13 August, 1910.” She is still remembered by the vil- lagers, and on the day of her funeral a former porter of the village, who knew her at her old home, begged to be led on the platform to hear the footsteps of the bearers bringing her home. The coffin was preceded by six old tenants and workmen on her father’s es- tate, and in the porch of the old church as the procession passed in, stood John Kneller, a Crimean veteran who had served at Sevastopol, and was for three months in the hospital at Scutari, where he used to see Florence Nightingale O11 her night rounds. Home Service in the Mountains Taking Home Service into the wilds of remote districts is a work that has its arduous difficulties, as the reports of the field workers show. Only a cheerful ac- ceptance of whatever means of transpor- tation are at hand gets the field worker over his territory. A field worker in the mountains of Kentucky sends this ac- count of his adventures in the back- woods: “Only eleven chapters were visited dur- ing the month, but nine of these were in remote districts, six of which were off the railroad. In order to get to Peters- burg, Boone Co., Ky., a mail launch on the Ohio River was used. A horse back ride over the mountains for twenty-six miles was necessary to cover the chapter at Inex, Martin County, Ky. The Home Service program was set forth and the Civilian Relief was appointed during the visit of the field supervisor. A ‘Mixed’ or ‘Jerk Water’ train, and a hack ride of sixteen miles over very rough moun- tain roads brought the field worker to Salyersville, Magoffin County, Ky., after a long, hard day's trip. An evening con- ference was held on ways and means of most effective home service work. “The hack left Salyersville at 6.30 A.M., and crossed eighteen miles of the "bumpiest' mountain road imaginable, bumping over the rocks in the bed of streams which formed most of the road way, until we jolted into Caney at 1 P.M., hungry as a mountain bear in the early spring. “After doing full justice to the great variety of food which was loading down a table which revolved, which made it perfectly easy to follow the landlady’s generous injunction “jest hope ye'r sef,” inquiry was made as how to get to Hazel Green. Learning that two and one-half days would be lost by going via train and hack, the landlady was asked how far it was to Hazel Green over the moun- tains. “Hit ware 'leven mile acrost the” mountain tº Hazel Green,” was the reply. Whereupon the field supervisor ‘hiked” ‘acrost' the mountain, grip, brief case, and umbrella in hand, drawing up at Hazel Green at five o’clock that afternoon. Christmas Plans in France (Concluded from page 1) It is part of the plan to have a Christ- mas tree in every ward of every Ameri- can hospital in France, as well as in every recreation hut at hospital points. These trees will be decorated by the Red Cross personnel at the respective hos- pitals. It is proposed, also, to give to every patient in the American hospitals a pair of American Red Cross socks, tied together with bright ribbon, and filled with an orange, figs, nuts, candy, a handkerchief and a Christmas card on which will be outlined the service the Red Cross is prepared to render Ameri- can soldiers. The socks will be filled by the Red Cross personnel, with the aid of the nurses and convalescent patients. Other features of the program include festivities at all the recreation huts, in the form of music, moving pictures, etc., and the serving of refreshments; and the making of arrangements for the serving of some special dish or treat in the way of fruit at the noonday meal in all the American hospitals. It is planned to in- vite to the festivities the children in lo- calities where hospitals are located. The American Red Cross already is having printed in booklet form, for distribution to the hospitals, collections of well- known American songs. These will be distributed by Christmas. Still another feature provides for the sending to the hospitals packages of post-cards of attractive design, in quan- tities sufficient to enable each patient to mail home as many as he desires to the different members of his family and to his friends. Demand for Mourning Brassards The demand for the Mourning Bras- sards which the Red Cross chapters have been distributing without cost to the parents and widows of soldiers and sail- ors lost in the service, has been so great that 20,000 more have been ordered. The first lot of 5,000 was allotted to Di- visions for redistribution to chapters without cost, in order to determine whether they would meet with general approval. Henceforth the chapters will be supplied at cost: 65 cents apiece, and 40 to 45 cents for individual stars. Parents and widows will receive these brassards free; other relatives may have them at the price which the chapter pays for them. Sweaters by the Million Contracts for more than a million and a quarter woolen army sweaters, deliveries of which are now being made, were placed some time ago by the American Red Cross, in order to secure a general reserve stock, and to get the benefit of such stocks of yarn as were in the manu- facturers’ hands and could not be secured for use by the chapters. Seven hundred and fifty thousand of these sweaters will be sent abroad at once, as the Commis- sion for France has recently requested the shipment of the largest quantity pos- sible, and contracts for more will be placed under an appropriation of $2,000,000 set aside for that purpose. R. C. Tents Save Situation The promptness of the American Red Cross in shipping to the American au- thorities in England on short notice fifty large tents for a certain immediate need, was acknowledged by the officer com- manding the base. He says: “Receipt is acknowledged of fifty tents, 40 by 20 feet, from the American Red Cross. I wish to thank you for the prompt service you have rendered in sup- plying these tents, and to assure you that your assistance has saved the situation. Without the tents we would be unable to accommodate our men, or to handle the work imposed on us by the arrival of a shipment of several thousand tons from the United States.” ſº The American Red Cross has fur- nished 1,500,000 refugee garments. The Red Cross Pig Club has contrib- uted $10,000 and six million pounds of pork for the American troops overseas. 12 THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN MASQUE FOR THE RED CROSS CHRISTMAS Early Presentation in Washin gton, Preliminary to Roll-Call Week Perform- . . . ances Throughout the Country -- Arrangements have been completed for a “performance de luxe” of the American Red Cross Christmas masque “The Roll- Call,” to be held in the Assembly Hall at Red Cross headquarters early in No- vember. This is the pageant written by Percy Mackaye especially designed to promote the enrollment of Universal Membership under the Red Cross during Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call week in December. . - The Washington presentation of Mr. Mackaye's work is to be given thus far in advance of the country-wide perform- ances to be staged during Roll-Call week in order that the managers of the four- teen Red Cross divisions may have an Op- portunity of witnessing the spectacle be- fore it is presented under their own aus- pices. The spectators at the premiere will be limited to the division managers, officers of the American Red Cross, mem- bers of the War Council, and fifty in- vited guests. - - Included in the distinguished cast which will be seen in the initial perform- ance of “The Roll-Call” will be Howard Kyle, Mrs. Otis Skinner, and Miss Eleanor Lawson. The production will be personally directed by Irving Pichel, who aided Mr. Mackaye in preparing the general production scheme of the masque. THE PURPOSE soughT In order to serve its definite purpose, the performance of the masque itself will not take more than an hour, and will culminate in the direct enrollment of members under auspices of music and pageantry new and impressive to actors and audience. . Being essentially a community cere- mony, it will involve as participants, men, women and children of all ages and creeds, so marshalled that about a dozen chief speaking parts will carry the dra- matic theme. Thus the masque will be adapted to any scale of production, sim- ple or elaborate, indoors or outdoors, by day, or by night. In stage and setting its essentials are of the simplest and the preparation for its performance will be further simpli- fied by easily contrived costumes de- signed by Robert Edmond Jones, the gifted young producer who designed the costumes and lighting of Mackaye's masques “Caliban” and “The Evergreen Tree” and his new play, “Washington, the Man Who Made Us.” NEW WORDs, old TUNES Musically, “The Roll Call” will involve the use of a community chorus, or choir, whose voices may be accompanied, ac- cording to the scale of the production, by orchestral or band music. No new music will be composed for the masque, but the new chorus words will be sung to hymn and choral melodies already fa- miliar and widely known to our people. In its dramatic theme, the masque will express the growing emancipation of the human spirit from the tyranny of cha- otic, degrading forces, through the world- ordering ideal of the Red Cross. It is suggested that the young people's societies of the churches be made the basic organizations in the communities to cooperate with the local chapters of the Red Cross in putting through this plan, gathering about themselves the Sun- day schools and other societies connected with the church. In advance of its December produc- tions, the text of the masque will be ob- tainable from the American Red Cross, with such definite directions by the au- thor, and drawings of costumes and de- signs by R. E. Jones, as will make its production easily practicable by any com- munity, large or small. Another Gift to Briti h. (Concluded from page 1) preciation of that people for the stupen- dous and constantly increasing effort, during four years of war, on the part of the indomitable men and women of Great Britain, whom we have joined in an unfaltering resistance to the dead- liest menace to which civilization ever has been subjected. “It is with a feeling of thankfulness and gratitude that we ask you to ac- cept from the American Red Cross, on behalf of the American people, this check for five hundred thousand pounds, to be used in such ways as the experi- enced judgment of your society may sug- gest, confident in our belief that in this way the best results will be attained, and that, in the immortal words of Lincoln, it is our duty to dedicate all our re- sources and all our strength to ensure ‘that those who have died shall not have died in vain.’” Mr. Davison's message concluded with an appreciation of the services ren- dered to the American Red Cross by the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John. After Sir Robert Hudson ac- knowledged the gift, the Duke of Con- naught, on behalf of the Order of St. John, said: “Meeting at this moment we can not but hope that this may prove to be the last great war appeal of our joint war committee. To all of us, and we hope to all of you, it will ever be a pleasant memory that out of evil came good and that out of the terrible suffer- ings of the war has grown a clear com- prehension of one another's aims and closer cooperation in our common work for humanity.” . . . - Sir Arthur Stanley said he knew the work of the American Red Cross on this side of the Atlantic would not cease with the close of the war, but would go on and help cement the friendly rela- tions of the two great English speaking nations. The Duke of Connaught an- nounced that King George had approved the appointment of Colonel Endicott as a Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Colonel Endicott has received the insignia of the order. With the latest gift, just announced, the contributions of the American Red Cross to the British Red Cross Society since the United States entered the war, total $4,530,025. A gift of $500,000 also was made to the Canadian Red Cross in April last. - Pushing Work in Siberia For general Red Cross relief work in Siberia an appropriation of $375,000 has recently been made, which brings the to- tal of appropriations for this work up to $415,000. These funds have been used by Dr. Rudolph B. Teusler, head of the Commission for Siberia, for hospitals and the relief of Czecho-Slovak soldiers operating along the Trans-Siberian Rail- road; for a hospital on Russian Island in Vladivostok Harbor; for the establish- ment of stationary and rolling canteens for American and allied soldiers; for the equipment and operation of two sanitary trains; for several field units, and for the relief of refugees. These appropriations have been made in advance of the budget to cover the period from October 1 to December 31, which has not yet been submitted. The “Féte of Roses” held in Paris netted 10,000 francs for the various war bureaux of France. + / ** "Tº 5.75- Th. 0\! 12 1910 Vol. II WASHINGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER 4, I918 *Red Cross Bulletin COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Five-Headed Body to Have Charge Following Resignation of Major J. H. Perkins The position of American Red Cross Commissioner for Europe has terminated with the resignation of Major James H. Perkins, who has accepted a staff ap- pointment in the American Expedition- War Council, made the following state- ment in Paris, relative to the retirement of Major Perkins: “It is impossible to exaggerate the whole-heartedness Major Perkins gave to the upbuilding of our work here. We can understand the appeal the opportun- ity for army service makes to him, but we greatly regret the loss of his guidance and association. Whatever we have ac- complished or may accomplish, it must PARIS SHOWERS HONORS Special Meetings Held to Voice Ap- preciation of Work Done by American Red Cross On October 25th the great amphitheatre of the Sorbonne in Paris was packed to the doors at a conference held in honor of the American Red Cross. M. Louis Barthou, former prime minister, and Rear, left to EXECUTIVE STAFF, DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY RELIEF, AMERICAN RED CROSS Front row, left to right—Percy H. Clark, director Camp Service; Dr. Taliaferro Clark. director Sanitary Service; Commodore A. V. Wadhams, representative Navy Department on coordination; Col. C. H. Connor, assistant director general; Jesse H. Jones, director general; W. J. Hiss, assistant director general; H. L. Clark, associate director Camp Service. director Canteen Service; H. F. director Camp Service; Dr. W. E. Eaton, director Naval Affairs. right—A. J. Pizzini, director Canteen and Motor Corps Service; Horace A. Davis, assistant to assistant director general; Karl Hoblitzelle, associate director Camp Service; Graham Blandy, assistant director Sanitary Service; Dr. E. R. Hunter, First Aid division; J. A. Farwell, associate director Motor Corps Service; E. H. Brown, associate director Camp Service; Chester Woodward, associate Enlows, associate director Camp Service; L. G. Sheafer, associate director Canteen Service; R. J. Flick, associate ary Force, and the duties of that office hereafter will be performed by a special commission composed of Lt.-Col. Harvey D. Gibson, Commissioner for France; Major William Endicott, Commissioner for Great Britain; Lt.-Col. Robert P. Perkins, Commissioner for Italy; J. D. Dimmick, Commissioner for Switzerland, and Major Ralph J. Preston, Deputy Commissioner for Europe. Henry P. Davison, chairman of the never be forgotten that Major Perkins and Major Murphy were the pioneers who showed the way; who interpreted in practical fashion the desire of a whole nation to help throughout the Red Cross in the greatest cause to which a people ever gave their hearts and their re- sources.” —º- King Victor Emanuel is a frequent visitor to the A.R.C. activities in Italy. President of the conference, and M. Mourier, under secretary of state, spoke in the name of the government. Ad- dresses were made by men high in the diplomatic, civic, naval and military life of the capital. M. Firmin Roz spoke in praise of the work of the American or- ganization, Mrs. Siegfried on behalf of the mothers and orphans of France, Ad- miral Touchard on behalf of the French Red Cross, General Malleterre in the T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN name of the mutilés of war, and M. Le Bas, Mayor of Roubaix, in the name of the invaded regions and refugees. Among the Americans present were Ambassador Sharp and members of the diplomatic corps, and Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, who responded on behalf of the organization. He said, in part: “Because it is a voluntary organization, the Red Cross has mobility which en- ables it to operate with greater speed than is possible for governments and armies with their more ponderous ma- chinery. As soon as America entered the war the American Red Cross mobilized its resources and hastened here, first, to assist in every way possible the French forces and their fam- ilies, and secondly, to make all feasible preparation for our own soldiers. If the se designs and endeavors have met with any success, the result has been due quite as much to the French re- ception and cooper- ation as to our own enterprise. “As an American I rejoice in the fact that our people awoke to the oppor- tunity; and as Chair- man of the Ameri- can Red Cross I am thankful that they found in the Red Cross an a gency whereby they, the non-combatants, could give tangible ex- pression of their sympathy, and their gratitude for the military and political aid which France afforded to our own struggling young republic far back in the eighteenth century. “If the American Red Cross has been able through its acts to interpret in any degree the spirit of the new age which is to be, and must be, the American Red Cross shall have its reward. If the American people who entered this war, not for any national gain, but on the broad ground of human rights in a world fellowship, shall have helped to hasten the day when world opinion shall form a world community, then the American people shall have had their reward. As an American, and as Chairman of the Red Cross, I believe that the best thought of America and the purpose of the Red Cross are one and the same— to create a world of equal opportunities for the comfort and happiness of all.” On the following day Mr. Davison, ac- companied by Messrs. Gibson, Beatty and Pierce, was informally but officially received at the Hotel de Ville. In the absence of the president, M. Chassaigne Guyon received Mr. Davison. The City of Paris, said M. Guyon, owed the Red Cross an enormous debt of gratitude, and on the occasion of the reception ar- ranged for November 14th, would give evidence of its gratitude in a fitting man- ner. The work of the Red Cross, he added, was done with unusual tact and charm. Mr. Davison in his reply told GROUP OF AMERICAN OFFICERS IN GERMAN PRISON CAMP briefly the story of the Red Cross and its aims in France. Later in the day, Mr. Davison was the guest of the French Red Cross societies in their headquarters. New Camp Service Directors R. J. Flick, President of the People’s Light Co. of Wilkes-Barre, and Walter S. Hinchman, head of the English Depart- ment of Groton School, Groton, Mass., have been appointed associate directors of the Bureau of Camp Service. Both will serve as full time volunteers. An open air hospital and pavilion for children will be installed in a beautiful olive grove near Marseille, France, by the American Red Cross. ESCAPES WITH PHOTOGRAPH American Lieutenant Reports at the Red Cross Headquarters Which Supply Food to Prisoners The picture on this page is from a photograph of a group of American pris- oners in a German camp. Ever since their capture the American Red Cross, through its warehouse in Berne, Switzer- land, has supplied these men with twenty pounds of food apiece, once a week, and a hundred cigarettes, or their equivalent. Clothing and other necessities also are given them by the Red Cross. On October 13, Lieutenant Edward Victor Isaacs, the naval officer seated, escaped from the German stockade, and made his way to Berne, where he re- ported in excellent health to the Ameri- can Red Cross head- quarters. Lieuten- ant Isaacs, who sent this photograph through the Red Cross to his family in New York City, is attached to the Naval Aviation Corps. He was made a prisoner on May 31, when the Presi- dent Lincoln was sunk by a German submarine. Others in the group are: (1) Lieutenant H. Gile of the Aviation Signal Corps, of Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was captured June 13 at Montdidier, while acting as a pilot. (2) Lieutenant William Hazel Plylor of the Twenty-seventh Aero Squadron, First Pursuit, of Kershaw, South Caro- lina. He was captured at Metz on June 13. (3) Lieutenant Blanchard Battle of the Ninety-first Aero Squadron, of Colum- bus, Georgia, who was taken at Flirey on June 12. (4) Lieutenant B. W. Derleyson of Boston, who was taken at Montdidier while acting as an observer in the Avia- tion Signal Reserve Corps. - (5) Captain Joseph W. Williamson, of the Ninety-first Aero Squadron, of Se- bastopol, California, who fell into the hands of the Boches at Thiercourt, T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THIRTY THOUSAND ENROLLED War Council Report Tells of Prog- ress in Mobilization of Our Nursing Resources How the nurses of the country are responding to the call of duty, giving up home and friends and comfort to minister to their brothers in khaki and blue is told in the tenth installment of the reports which the Red Cross War Council is making to the American peo- ple. - Of the 30,000 nurses enrolled up to October 1, by the Red Cross, the reserve of the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, more than 17,000 are serving our soldiers and sailors, all but 1,158 of this number being with the army. Half of these pa- triotic women are already on duty abroad. About 700 nurses have been as- signed to the Federal Public Health Bu- reau or to Red Cross service in this country. The remaining 12,000 include those not available or eligible for active service, but who may be utilized for home defense and other special services. Between eight and nine thousand ad- ditional nurses must be obtained before the first of the year to meet the needs of the army alone. With the war continu- ing on its present scale, it is estimated that 50,000 nurses and student nurses will be needed by July 1, 1919, to meet the requirements in the military hospitals here and in Europe. Of this total it is estimated 36,000 will be needed abroad and the remainder in this country. These estimates are based on an army of 3,000,- 000 and a navy of 350,000, or approxi- mately one nurse to each 74 of the mili- tary and naval population. EQUIPMENT OF UNITS The Red Cross, in addition to recruit- ing the nurses, has spent about $850,000 in equipping those assigned to duty over- seas. Approximately $1,500,000 of an appropriation of $1,719,357 has been ex- pended by the organization in equipping base hospital units. The Red Cross pro- vides uniforms for nurses, nurses' aids, clerical help, army dietitians and recon- struction aids in service abroad, and fur- nishes capes to nurses in home service, cantonments and other branches of nurs- ing work in this country. It maintains an equipment center in New York City, where nurses may purchase additional supplies at cost. - Since the United States entered the war the Red Cross has organized 50 base hospital units and assisted the Army Nurse Corps in organizing two addi- tional units for the use of the army here and abroad. Eight base hospital units and seventeen naval hospital units have been organized or are in process of organ- ization for the use of the navy. Each of these units has 500 beds and 60 nurses. At present the navy is not using Red Cross nurses on its hospital ships. Base hospitals, originally planned to cost about $35,000 now require an expenditure of about $50,000. CIVILIAN RELIEF WORK More than 400 nurses provided by the American Red Cross are now serving the civilian populations in France, Eng- land, Italy, Russia, Greece and Palestine. Of this number 269 are engaged in this A “PRISONER OF WAR” Three Americans at Toulon Capture a Small French Run-away work in France. During the recent American offensive when the wounded American soldiers were taken to French military hospitals a majority of these nurses were withdrawn from civilian work and assigned temporarily to the care of our fighting men in these institu- tions. The presence of a nurse who speaks his own language has a cheering effect on the wounded American soldier. The Red Cross has provided expert nurs- ing personnel for hospitals in France that are doing special work for our in- jured soldiers. In addition to the war service it is rendering the nation in supplying nurses for our fighting men on both sides of the water, the Red Cross, through its De- partment of Nursing, is continuing its regular work of helping to improve the health of the country. It answers the call of the Federal Public Health Bureau when nurses are needed to prevent the communication of contagious disease be- tween civilian populations and training Camps. The Red Cross also maintains a per- manent public health bureau, which pro- vides nurses for towns and villages not in a position to support health depart- ments. One hundred Red Cross nurses are now serving in this capacity in as many places. More than 60,000 women have been taught the simple principles of personal and household hygiene and disease prevention in the courses estab- lished in Red Cross chapters by the De- partment of Nursing. MEETING AN EMERGENCY During the epidemic of Spanish influ- enza the Red Cross Department of Nurs- ing sent several hundred nurses to dif- ferent training camps, ship building and munitions plants at the request of the Army and Navy Departments and the Federal Public Health Service. Recently Surgeon-General Gorgas has asked the Red Cross Department of Nursing to as- sist in the plans which he has prepared for maintaining the health of the 25,000 employees of the War Department, In the last year Red Cross nurses have responded to emergency calls from Mussels Shoals, Louisiana; Newport News, Fort Riley, Hattiesburg, Camp Beauregard, Alexandria, and many other places where disease of one sort or an- other was making dangerous headway. Several Red Cross nurses have given their lives while engaged in this work. As a result of the nation-wide survey of the country's nursing resources now being made through the chapters of the Red Cross, definite information regard- ing the number of nurses of every class in the United States and its possessions will soon be available. The Red Cross has appropriated $60,000 for this survey, the purpose of which is to determine how many nurses may be withdrawn for war work without endangering civilian needs. The hotels of the French Riviera, once the mecca of the pleasure-seekers of the world, are being converted into hospitals for the American wounded. The American Red Cross has fur- nished 325,000 hospital garments for the French and American hospitals in France. THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETHN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUABSCRIPTION ONE DOLLA R A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Croſs WooDROw WFLSON. . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AXSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . Vice-C hairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Côuncil By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. HAR v F. Y. D. G1 BSON John D. RYAN GEORGE. B. CASE Ex Offici) WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH ! WASHINGTON, D. C., November 4, 1918 A School of Service The Red Cross is many things in this war; its original purpose of caring for the wounded has undergone a bourgeon- ing process that reaches every form of human suffering. Along with its devel- opment on broad lines there has come the coordination of more or less passive sympathy into an intensely active force. In America, especially, the spiritual de- sire to serve has found the spark which has kindled it into a world-brightening 11a1116. 1 he Red Cross is the national—the universal, school of service. It provides the mechanism through which a whole people have been put in practical touch witn the things that require sympathetic attention at the very same time that it has been teaching what service to man- kind means in its most glorious sense. The end of a war that has made the World safe for Democracy will bring something that was not counted on when the objects of Liberty's fighting forces were given their first official interpre- tation. That something will be the es- tablishment of the Brotherhood of Man on a basis approaching, at least, the ideal. The Red Cross will have been the agency of its establishment and will continue to be the medium for its perpetuation. Contemporaneously, gatherings in for- eign countries, where the burdens of war have fallen the heaviest, are voicing ap- preciation of the service rendered by the American Red Cross. These expressions of gratitude, delivered personally to our own Red Cross officials, must strike a responsive chord on the part of the American people as a whole, and arouse here a feeling of gratitude that it has been given to each and every individual in the land to participate in the new service to mankind. At this hour momentous happenings are discernible behind the scenes of con- flict. There is no telling what the next day may bring forth. But the work of the Red Cross as a practical force in the world has only begun. Its school of service will keep on. The registrar's books for the next year soon will be open. American citizenship and the pos- session of the American spirit are the only requisites for enrollment. Join the matriculates. - Make it unanimous! * The Red Cross Searcher Gathering casualty information is one of the fields open to women who wish to volunteer for Red Cross service abroad. It is an activity requiring the services of both men and women for that mat- ter, but the Bureau of Personnel is just now making a particular effort to recruit women of the requisite qualifications for the work. On another page of this num- ber of The Bulletin is an article written by one of the pioneers of this Red Cross activity, which will interest those who have contemplated taking up the work, and likewise those who want to do some- thing in the foreign field, but perhaps have not made up their minds regard- ing the exact line that will most appeal to them. Each of the activities for which work- ers are in demand abroad has its pecu- liar fascination; but no mistake should be made about the hard work and the application that are essentials in con- nection with whatever branch the appli- cant seeks to enter. The Canteen and Hut Service as well as the Casualty In- formation Service have their respective attractions. Perchance a perusal of Miss Putnam's experience, as she relates it, will supply just the thrill that many American women, who are not afraid of real work, have been wanting to indicate their field of greatest usefulness. There is plenty to do for all who have the strength, the time and ability to serve, and the true Red Cross spirit. º--> Greeting to London Chapter The following message was sent by cable by the Red Cross War Council to be read at the annual meeting of the London Chapter of the American Red Cross: “Greeting from War Council and every good wish for success. Hope that every American in Great Britain, al- though far from home, will answer call of President Wilson. “I summon you to the comradeship.” Twenty-two million Americans have through their member- ship in Amcross expressed their love of humanity and sympathy for suffering. It is this spirit which dominates America and brings dauntless courage to-her sons who are fighting to victory.” Women for Reconstruction Work To help in reconstruction work among the Czecho-Slovak, Poles, and Russian peoples, the American Red Cross is training groups of young women who Speak the language of those countries, in cooperation with the War Work Council of the Y. W. C. A. and existing re- construction committees. Plans are now being made for the es- tablishment of three hospitals in Bo- hemia. It is expected that these will be finished and equipped by February. Work has also been started on one con- valescent, one tubercular and one other hospital. Forty American nurses are to be sent there from the Far East at once, and a recent cable from Russia asks that Czecho-Slovak, Polish, and Russian aids, if thoroughly qualified and with Ameri- can ideals, be sent to supplement the work of the American nurses. Cross Awarded Mr. Davison Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the Red Cross War Council, has received the Commander Cross of the Legion of Honor, according to a recent Associated Press cable, the highest rank in the order ever conferred on an American civilian. A new tuberculosis sanatorium for sol- diers has been opened at Guiche, near Charolles, France. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN STARWING SERBIANS SAVED BY RED CROSS MISSION Special cablegram to New York Herald, October 29, from Herman Bernstein, Herald Correspondent with the American Forces in Siberia) Presenting a picture of misery that staggers the imagination, 1,070 Serbian refugees who fled from their native land in 1915 to escape slavery to the Huns have just reached Harbin, where I saw them in their encampment today. Their flight took them across Rou- mania and the Ukraine, and thence they moved onward over all the weary miles through Odessa and Yelisavetgrad and still onward over Siberia. Through des- erts and over the Ural Mountains, leav- ing many dead by the roadside, they journeyed, gaunt hunger marching with -them every foot of the way of these 10,000 miles or more. - - - - - - Through three terrible winters, moun- tain and valley, forest and gray steppe were marked by their bleeding feet. SUFFERING INDESCRIBABLE Aboard a special train of the Ameri- can Red Cross Society, with Dr. Rudolf Bolling Teusler, one-time surgeon in St. Luke’s Hospital, Tokyo, on our way to Omsk and the Czecho-Slovak front with medical supplies and winter clothing for these heroic liberators of Russia and these refugee war victims, I reached Harbin and found these Serbians. Across all of Russia and over the Ural Moun- tains they had come, and the suffering they knew no man can write, since no man who was not of that party can understand it, could tell of it. There were no fewer than four hun- dred children in the party, which for the last eight months has traveled in miser- able railroad freight cars. In these same last eight months 144 children and 50 adults died of exposure and hunger. When they struggled into Harbin they had been without bread and meat for weeks. They were barefooted and their feet were cut and bruised and their cloth- ing was nothing more than tattered rags. PLEADING CHILDREN Starving children, tear-eyed, held out emaciated hands for bread and pressed around the representatives of the Ameri- can Red Cross and kissed their hands. Among the refugees in this party are men and women who were prominent in their respective communities in Serbia. There are professors, school teachers, priests, the wrecks of once happy fami- lies and not a few invalid soldiers. They have a school and a church on wheels, and this school has been main- tained since, three years ago, they were forced to flee from their homes and the land of their nativity. And with them also has the church moved, and every inch of it has been bathed by their tears and from it their prayers have ascended uninterruptedly that their cup of bitterness might be taken from them; that some day they may return home. These refugees now are receiving some help from the Siberian government, which has given an allowance of eleven cents to each adult and eight cents to each child. At the same time the American Red Cross is helping them. Indeed, this or- ganization, as soon as it learned the truth of the plight of these Serbian refugees, immediately arranged to feed, clothe and shelter them, at least for the present. Furthermore, I can say by way of parenthesis, the American Red Cross So- ciety is doing a great humanitarian work here, not only in behalf of these Serbians, but for all Siberia, to whose people, the victims of Hun militarism and Bolshevist anarchy and terror, it is bringing relief and new hope. Miss Stimson Chief Army Nurse Announcement has been made of the appointment of Miss Julia Stimson, chief nurse of the American Red Cross in France, as chief nurse of the American Expeditionary Force. Miss Stimson will assume her new duties in November. Before the United States declared war, and ten months before entering the Red Cross Service, Miss Stimson enlisted for work with one of the twelve American hospital units assigned to the British forces, giving up her position at the head of the Washington University Training School for Nurses in St. Louis for that purpose. She is a graduate of Vassar, 1901, and has been given her master’s de- gree by Washington University for her work in France, Clothing Drive Big Success The campaign for the collection of clothing for the Commission for Relief in Belgium has been an unqualified suc- cess, and has resulted in the collection of a much larger quantity than was an- ticipated. Nearly all the chapters have greatly exceeded their quotas, and Mr. Arrowsmith, Manager of the Campaign, reports that the clothing is being re- ceived in such quantities that those in charge are working until ten o’clock each night, to take it in. He writes: “The results of your assistance are overwhelm- ing and are taxing our resources greatly. Today I have been obliged to lease an- other building to accommodate the flood. It is a most remarkable manifestation.” Word from German Prison Camp The Bureau of Prisoners’ Relief of the American Red Cross has received a let- ter from the sister of a boy who is a prisoner of war at Camp Limburg, Ger- many, enclosing a money order which the Red Cross had arranged to send through to her brother. She says: “Mother received a very cheerful let- ter from my brother yesterday written on June 10, 1918. He said that the Red Cross has brought the only joy and hap- piness into the lives of the prisoners— since their capture. He receives food, and smokes regularly, and feels that if the people of the United States knew of the Red Cross work amongst the prisoners of war, that every person in America would become a member. He said that he little thought when he joined and contributed to the American Red Cross four years ago, that he would be now re- ceiving their aid.” Killed in Action While helping to bury American sol- diers, Lieutenant Fred D. Barker of Bradentown, Florida, attached to an American Red Cross outpost near the front, was killed by the bursting of a shell. Two weeks earlier a shell struck an automobile in which he was riding, killing the driver and severely wounding Captain Harris, also of the A. R. C., with whom he was riding. Lieutenant Barker has been four months in France, having given up his law practice to enter the service. Ice Cream for Wounded Americans One of the chief functions of the large special diet kitchen which the Red Cross has started in Paris to supply delicacies and extras to French and American wounded in nearby hospitals, will be the manufacture of ice cream for the Ameri- cans. To ensure a good ice cream supply, the Red Cross contemplates supplying freezers broadcast to all hospitals to which American wounded are sent. 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN PIONEER SEARCHER'S STORY Experience of Young Woman With the First Detachment of Red Cross Casualty Workers By MISS SHIRLEY PUTNAM. Early in March, 1917, the American Red Cross, following the example of the English and Canadian Red Cross, ex- tended the work of its Casualties De- partment by placing Searchers in the large base hospitals. Men searchers are attached to the divisions; and they all report to the Home and Hospital Service of the Red Cross. I had the luck of being among the first five sent out from Paris on this pioneer job. My base hospital was in a Lor- raine valley, all a- glow with primroses, poppies, and memo- ries of Jeanne d'Arc; and a-stir with the tramping of blue and brown troops patrol- ing this “American Sector” of France. Having reported to the Red Cross head- quarters and the pro- vost marshal, and chosen my billet on one of the “narrow- paved streets” of the ruddy-roofed town, I was presented to the C. O. of my base hospital. “Searcher?” he, “and you hunt for missing men? Tell me, when you find 'em, are they still missing? We're very glad to have you here, but we'll be interested to see how the plot works out.” As my interest was even keener than his, I forthwith demanded that day's list of admissions to the hospital (it was fur- nished me regularly thereafter), and com- pared the organizations represented with those attached to the names on the “Missing List” the Home Service had given me. When I stepped into the ward that held a patient from a company which had a dozen representatives on the “Miss- ing List,” I thought it best to start in with a full account of myself to the men: “In the first place, this brassard on my sleeve that reads: “American Red Cross Home Communication Service,” does not mean that I have all those long-lost let- ters from home in my pocket. The Red said Cross has sent me here to try to shorten that 3,000 miles between you and your families. I am to: (1) Send, via Paris, weekly reports on the seriously ill or wounded. (2) Answer ‘Hospital Inquiries’ from people who have heard the bare news that someone they care for is somewhere in a hospital. (3) Collect information from men in the hospital as to friends from the same company or regiment whose names are on my “Missing List.” (4) Write letters for you when you need a secretary, and send inquiries to Paris which will be passed on through the Bureau of Communication in Wash- ington to the Home Service chapters, about anything that is worrying you. SEARCHER GETTING INFORMATION.—A.R.C. RECREATION HUT GARDEN, ORLEANS “And now who is the man from Co. —, -st Infantry? You? Tell me, do you know any one named Mason? “Say! You haven’t got Hank Mason's name on that list, have you? Why, you know, he was one of the fellows who went over the top in that patrol in February. Taken prisoner, they was, all of ‘em.” “Just go slow a minute, will you?” say I, getting out a pencil and an information blank. “Now, let's go back to the be- ginning. How many were there; and do you know their names?” “Sure I do,”—and with that he counted off twelve names, the very ones that I could read as “missing” from that com- pany on my list! “And how do we know they're prisoners? Well, we just guess; because the French intercepted a German wireless the next day, saying they’d captured a bunch of Americans that night.” When I had jotted down all the neces- saries, from “Home Address” to “search- er’s opinion of in- formant’s accuracy and intelligence,” I thanked him, and he called after me, wist- fully: “Say, lady, that’ll come out in the pa- pers, won’t it?” Two more stories from different angles about the same raid- ing party went to Paris by next day's (5) Send a detailed letter to the nearest kin when a man dies in the hospital.” (Only, this last sad duty I did not add to the list that I told the patients in the ward.) - “Lastly, I hope that I shall soon have an office where you will come to see me and my latest papers from home. The comfort bags I’ll bring to you.” The men were quiet for a minute, then one propped up on his elbow, and, think- ing, I am sure, of that long chain of helpers reaching from Paris to every cor- ner of America, he spoke for the rest of them: “It certainly is fine, lady, to know that people are willing to take as much trouble about us as that!” Risking trouble for them, when they are risking death for us! courier, there to be tallied with information from other Red Cross and Army sources. A week later I was informed that the Spanish embassy had forwarded to the Red Cross the same list of twelve men as having been re- ported prisoners in Germany. The plot had worked out! Thus heartened, I began four of the most vivid and varied months in my life. Duty (4) brought such an array of “worries”! An automobile crashed into, and damages not sued for, an al- lotment not received, a friend taken pris- oner, and—most urgent—a member of the family at home very ill. “I wish you’d come and talk to Tem- ple,” said a nurse one day. “He’s going crazy, I think. Every night he paces the floor, saying: “I know she’s dead!’ ‘I know she’s dead!’” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 Soon a letter was reaching Paris beg- ging them to cable Washington to the effect that Mrs. Temple had been very ill three months ago when her husband left—(he came from a little town forty miles south of Atlanta)—and that he had not heard from home since. For ten days I hardly dared step into the ward where the rugged face of Temple, re- gaining color after his own operation, followed me so beseechingly. At last the telegram came. I opened it, and stepped into the ward. Every man seemed to know, in a flash, what I held in my hand, and the room stopped breathing. I stood by Temple's bed and read: “Mrs. Temple in good health receiv- ing $52.65 monthly allotment living near father in comfortable circumstances.” The grip he gave me I can feel now, that he was to be operated on for appen- dicitis, un-kidnapping a French orphan, too impetuously adopted by an American sergeant, gathering in flowers, so that a group of patients could make wreaths for Memorial Day. In a month I hope to be with them again, at the other end of the 3,000 miles. Whether I am ordered to a French hos- pital where there are Americans, or to an American base, in Paris, or in the Provinces; whether I am alone, or one of half a dozen Searchers and other Red Cross workers; I know what is in store for me, an occupation that never stops being intensely human from Reveille to Taps. A patient-friend of mine, a New York Russian, named Michael, borrowed my RUSSIAN MISSION REPORTS Special A. R. C. Expedition Arrives Just in Time to Save a Des- perate Situation A report by cable from the Red Cross mission which arrived in the northern part of Russia a few weeks ago states that it has sent a shipload of food, med- icines and other supplies to outlying parts of the Archangel district, which had to be reached before winter set in. The need of prompt relief for the inhab- itants of towns along the coast of the White Sea and on the Kola peninsula, many of whom are facing starvation, was found to be imperative. Scurvy has broken out among the people, adding to the general distress. and hear the throb in his voice as he said: “I sure newer will forget Y O U, lady.” Here only one of the many thanks that we for- eign representatives are treasuring to Was hand back to you who make the Red Cross possible. What sudden high nonents would come, as in tributes to a certain lieutenant: “Killed in action, details of death and b ur i a 1 two An exceptionally early frost ruined the harvests which were expected to improve conditions. The mis- sion is preparing to send relief to other parts of the Arch- angel district. One hundred ex- perienced “farmer- ettes” will be en- rolled by the Ameri- can Red Cross on the hospital and gardens which are being operated for the convalescent soldiers of the farms wanted.” My first American Expedi- informer was a n THE SMILE THAT GOES WITH THE SAND WICH-A. R. C. CANTEEN AT DIJON | tionary F or c e s in American. “Why I - - France. that lieutenant, he was just the best they make 'em. There wasn’t anything he had that he wouldn’t have given away if he thought his men needed it. We’d have gone anywhere after him! He was too brave, that’s why he got killed.” The second from his company was an emotional Italian, who broke off abruptly, half way through his story: “Lady, please, don’ aska me no more! I canna say it. Ven dey tell me he dead, it like my own fader!” But the secretarial and detective duties so carefully printed in my “Instructions” were only a beginning. What didn’t crop up in a day's program: doing errands in the village, a necktie for himself, a pres- ent to send his “best girl,” giving a knit- ting lesson, planting a window box, breaking the news to an Italian patient typewriter one day, and wrote the fol- lowing paragraph in a letter home, an effort which he showed me with some pride: “All way I work for my RED CROSS LADY (in red capitals). Ven a new Pa- tient come in, already she iss on her feet. She iss an Hostler, no one can bit her. She do all vot she can do, and dat iss not all.” He hit it. You do all that you can do, and a lot that you can’t. Are you strong in health so that you can be on your feet perhaps eight hours of the day; strong in nerves so that you can meet hour after hour of new per- sonalities, with little respite or privacy for yourself? Are you (here speaks the Red Cross, not I) between 25 and 40, and have you, by chance, a college edu- The toy shop at Charolle, whose pro- ducts have been greatly appreciated, has been asked by the American Red Cross to undertake the manufacture of furni- ture for the refugees. cation? Do you typewrite and speak French? So much the better. Are you willing to live, too securely, perhaps, crowded into a niche in the nurses’ bar- rack; or, too independently, billeted in a strange French town? Would you like to be a Red Cross searcher and visitor? Now is the time and the need. We who have tried it can promise you that what you undertake will reward you, since it is bound to be, if not a “Research Magnificent,” of a surety, a Research Indispensable. 8 THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN - American Red Cross Map of Zones In France - - _f. * : * ... -º-º: *- —º- - t z - º' º “…sº w - —r • | - - ... " - A … p. - • $ º Q & y y Vº - A /Y a Z r 7SA. A. E. E. Jºsſº r * - º º “. C. ºf º • .2% * 2: ... e. - amº se-Sºis-es-2-ºffſ. % § sº 6-º Nºº - slºº-e? ºf Cº * 24 w - - º ºf 2-TNCNN &is ſº-Sº, Zºº 2=TSSea v Fl 4. Q € - ſº Nº) y = \º Yº ſº _º_-2=*E Y---. § | ſ &/ A. * º PI ºr \ \º ZENS=22 *Iº III (; "-v-f- %2. º/ $º *~ - . /. _2^\ Lº II. T. *35 be calº--, *% * --- N OR O ! U. V ºf -º-º-º: H. * > . . a \ . % * Zººſ ‘. & r º Z - ſº & -7 º ~! 2 * * ..,’S. 2 * ~ - * * ~~~~ & * ... * 47 .* *t * ,-,-,-, sº try,” : `. *, t .g. * g * *****, A g \, t *- ..ſº ; *.*.*, *% * **-----.S. ss., . . . . . .”.” 6. ~ ****** **-axerºs.-, / S., *: ! . ~~2:::::: -----, }% A 4. 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J * * e * - * ** !” tº Pºkt-Net-S.,’ - # 2^. –E N . --~~ - ** - £- 42 %.” <----- =} s=- - - #: . *****. s’ –S ---, *s--> * *E-º - ------ -: ----- % - PyRt.Ntt.S OR, infº ---------~~~~~~~~~~ * ~ *~~~~ * : * ~ * * : * : * : * ~4 -- - ... .----------...--4---------------— --~~~~ ******T ~~~ 4 …~ j • 3i - - ºf % • . ea º S. R - --- Eº .5 o A a AY Jº, *…*.*ºł–E - A & • *-*...* *-* **** --~~...~~ -4 x=-- ~~~~~ ---... • * ~ * * * France has been divided into nine zones for Dordogne, Corrèze, Lot-et-Garonne, Lot, Landes, Loir, Sarthe, Loir-et-Cher, Loiret, Indre-et-Loire, American Red Cross administrative purposes, each Gers, Ap Tarn-et-Garonne, Basses-Pyrénées, Hautes- || Vienne, Indre, Cher, Nièvre. bdivided i 1 ve purp 3. Pyrénées, Haute Garonne, Ariège. SOUTH INTERMEDIATE ZONE, Headquarters, zºne subdivide into three or four districts. WESTERN ZONE, Army No. 1, Headquarters, Lyon. Departments: Allier, Saône-et-Loire, Jura, BRITISH ZONE, Army No. 4, Headquarters, Bou- Nantes. Departments: Morbihan, Loire-Inférieure, Puy-de-Dôme, Loire, Rhône, Ain, Haute-Savoie, logne. Departments: Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Seine- Maine-et-Loire, Vendée, Deux-Sèvres. Cantal, Haute-Loire, Isère, Drôme, Hautes-Alpes, Inférieure, Eure, Calvados. SOUTHERN ZONE, Army No. 6, Headquarters, Savoie. NORTHWESTERN ZONE, Army No. 5, Head- Marseille. Departments: Aveyron, Lozère, Ardèche, FRENCH ZONE, Headquarters, Paris. Depart- quarters, Brest. Departments: Manche, [11e-et- Tarn, Aude, Pyrenées-Orientales, Hérault, Gard, ments: Oise, Aisne, Marne, Seine-et-Oise, Seine-et- Vilaine, Cotes-du-Norde, Finistèrre. Vaucluse, Bouches-du-Rhône, Var, Basses-Alpes, Marne, Aube, Yonne. SOUTHWESTERN ZONE, Army No. 2, Head- Alpes-Maritimes. AMERICAN ZONE, Headquarters, Neufchâteau. quarters, Bordeaux. Departments: Charente-Infé- NORTH INTERMEDIATE ZONE, Headquarters, Departments: Meuse, Merthe-et-Moselle, Haute- rieure, Charente, Haute-Vienne, Creuse, Gironde, Tours. Departments: Mayenne, Orne, Eure-et- Marne, Côte-d'Or, Haute-Saône, Doubs, Vosges. H/ Sº 5 The Red- WASHI the Red Cross commissions in England, Italy, Servia, Greece, Palestine, Belgium, Switzerland, and possibly the one in Rus- sia. His staff will include food and health experts, photographers and interpreters. In each country Mr. Folks will study the effect of the war on the civilian popula- tion and the changes it has wrought in social and family life. In addition to en- deavoring to determine the human cost of the great conflict, he will study the property loss and the progress of plans EUROPEANSURVEYORDERED Will Collect Facts with Reference to Future Demands that May Be Made on Red Cross Paris, Nov. 4. (Special Cablegram) - The American Red Cross Commission for Europe has assigned Homer Folks of New York to the task of making a sur- vey of the European countries in which Left to right the American Red Cross is now or may soon be operating with reference to the work which the Red Cross may be called upon to do in the near future. Rapidly changing conditions growing out of the military and political situation may result in an even larger demand that have been formulated for the reha- bilitation of war-swept communities. Mr. Folks brings to his important mis- sion an experience of twenty-five years in charitable and public health work in New York city. The Child Welfare Exhibit of the American Red Cross, which has been touring the important towns of France, opened in Toulouse the first week of Oc- tober. The exhibit has met with great Success. upon the American people for the assist- ance and succor which they can render through the Red Cross. - Mr. Folks, who, for the last fifteen months, has been director of Red Cross civilian relief work in France, will visit NGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER 11, 1918 DIRECTOR OF DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT, AMERICAN RED CROSS, AND CHIEF AIDS W. G. Roelker, associate director, Bureau of Chapter Organization: Mrs. John J. Morehead, superintendent of surgical dressings; Fred E. Stein, asso- ciate director, Bureau of Chapter Production: James G. Blaine, Jr., director Department of Development; Edward C. Crossett, director Bureau of Chapter Production: J. W. Studebaker, associate director Bureau of Junior Member ship; Mrs. Charles Foster, assistant to superintendent of garments. PRAISES UNITED WAR WORK Chairman of Red Cross War Council Urges Liberal Support of Recreational Activities Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, who is now in Europe inspecting Red Cross activities in the war zones, has sent a cable message to the War Council ex- pressing regret at his inability to return in time to assist in the United War Work campaign this week for the benefit of the seven recreational organi- zations. After promising the heartiest cooperation on the part of the Amer- ican Red Cross and its millions of mem- bers, Mr. Davison says: spent among our men in England and along and back of the lines in France and Italy, I have had the opportunity to observe the work of these various organizations. (Concluded on page 8) home “Having nearly five weeks 2 T H E R E D C R. T IN O SS B U L L E TUNNEL HOLOCAUST RELIEF Home Service Work Was Distinctive Feature of Red Cross Effort Af. ter New York Disaster Running at high speed, an express train on the Brighton Beach line of the Brook- lyn Rapid Transit System, jumped the track on a curve a block below the Pros- pect Park station at 7 p. m. Friday even- ing, Nov. 1, side-swiped the wall of the tunnel for about one hundred feet, and then piled up in a splintering heap. The gloomy tunnel was quickly converted into a shambles. Dr. Thomas J. Riley, of the Brooklyn chapter, immediately took charge of the Red Cross end of the relief work. At his request the New York County chapter immediately sent six ambulances to the scene. Stretchers were lowered into the tunnel and the injured were lashed to them so that they could be taken out. Valiant work was done by the women of the Motor Corps who went into the tunnel to comfort and succor men, women and children who were alive and con- scious, but pinned down by the wreck- age so that they could not be removed. Dr. Riley organized on Saturday a corps of eighteen visitors from the Brooklyn Home Service, Brooklyn Bu- reau of Charities and New York Charity Organization Society, which are institu- tional members of the Red Cross. These visitors located fifty injured people who had been taken to various hospitals, and helped in the identifica- tion of the over one hundred dead. The homes of the injured were then visited, beginning with the addresses in the poorer quarters of the city. It was found that few cases needed financial as- sistance, but that in some instances it was necessary to use the Red Cross influence in order to obtain caskets, which were scarce because of the recent epidemic of influenza. FINAL ROLL-CALL PLANS Managers from All Sections Meet in New York and Chicago to Com- plete the Arrangements Final plans for making the Red Cross Christmas Roll Call the most successful undertaking of its kind were discussed last week in two national conferences. On Wednesday the Roll Call managers from all the Eastern and Southern di- visions met in New York, while on Fri- A. R. C. OFFICER IN CHARGE OF OTRANTO SURVIVORS LEAVING IRELAND FOR AMERICAN REST CAMP IN ENGLAND OTRANTO DISASTER–DISTRIBUTING SUPPLIES TO COTTAGERS CARING FOR SURVIVORS day those from the Middle and far West- ern Red Cross divisions gathered at Chi- Cago. Those at the conferences, in addition to the men and women from National Headquarters, in Washington, who are directing the work of the Roll Call, in- cluded the division Roll Call chairmen, managers, and publicity men. C. S. Clark, executive secretary of the Christmas Roll Call, presented at New York, for the benefit of the visiting di- vision officials, a complete display of all the campaign material. This included the new Roll Call posters by Jesse Will- cox Smith, Blashfield, Foringer, Harrison Fisher, and Greenleaf, as well as the “Woodrow Wilson Poster.” There were also on hand copies of the 1919 “Plan Book,” which has been prepared for the use of the men and women who will do the actual work of enrolling members during the week of December 16 to 23. Mr. Clark and others from National Headquarters had an equally compre- hensive conference in Chicago. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ITALIAN RED CROSS DAY Celebration in London Brings Funds and Cheers for Sister Organ- ization Beyond Alps Italy's Day was celebrated in London, September 28, with great enthusiasm. Street collections were made all over the metropolis, and much eagerness was shown to obtain the emblems offered for sale. In the afternoon there was a dem- onstration and concert at Albert Hall, at which Mr. Chamberlain spoke for the Government. Lloyd's have given 25,000 pounds to the Lord Mayor's collection for the Italian Red Cross. In the course of a speech at a lunch- eon given him, Lord Northcliffe said: “Our function to- day has largely to do with the work of the Italian Red Cross, and it is fitting that I should mention that the splendid band, which most of us have already heard, has gener- ously decided to di- vide the results of its labors in England between rur Red Cross and the Italian Red Cross. (Cheers.) Their Red Cross, which I have had the honor of visiting in many parts of Italy, is just as well equipped, just as well manned, as our own, or the splendid months space of time. Such outposts must be equipped witih every necessity as though they were stationed on a des- ert island. The Italian hospitals com- pare with any; their surgeons are fa- mous throughout the world. Perhaps I may say a little word about our own Red Cross work in Italy. One of the most inspiring spectacles I saw in the battle of Gorizia was the British Red Cross struggling across the iron bridge, then being heavily shelled by the Austrians, to bring back wounded audacious Ital- ians who were quickly entering that city. I remember meeting during the shelling Major George Trevelyan, who had been decorated by the King of Italy for con- spicuous daring under fire, and I can Photo taken in front of zone headquarters, Neufchateau. Wallace (commander), RED CROSS COMMANDER, AMERICAN ZONE IN FRANCE, AND STAFF Capt. Bohlen, Capt. Burdick Right to left: Capt. Griggs, Major P. B. Capt. Tilney, Capt. Turnure, Capt. Pennington, COMMISSION FOR BALKANS Preparations for Prompt Extension of Relief Activities that May Become Necessary Organization of the American Red Cross commission for the Balkan States has been completed. It will cooperate with the Red Cross commissions already on the ground in Greece and Serbia. The important developments in the Balkans indicate that an extension of relief activi- ties in those countries may be necessary and the Red Cross wants to be in a posi- tion to act promptly. Henry W. Anderson of Richmond, Va., heads the commission. Mr. Anderson - was head of the American Red Cross commission which went to Roumania in September, 1917, remaining there un- til the advancing German and Aus- trian armies forced the commission to withdraw. The com- mission left Jassy only a short time before the enemy forces entered the city, the last flag to be lowered being One that floated above an American Red Cross hospital. Other members of the new commission are: Dr. H. Gideon Wells, of Chicago, director of Sprague Institute and well Red Cross which is coming across the Atlantic. It has had to work under difficulties with which our Red Cross has not had to contend. The great Italian front, which many of you who are engaged in my own occupation as a writer have visited, provides a very serious undertaking when it comes to the care of the wounded. The wounded in Italy do not as a rule proceed along flat roads, but are often brought down from the mountains by almost vertical wire ropes, which to one who has trav- eled by them are almost terrifying. “The Italian Red Cross from the out- set recognized its difficulties, and it has at great altitudes little Red Cross sta- tions removed in v inter from contact with the plains by not less than three truly say that, although a non-combatant of somewhat pronounced views, he ran great risks with the calmness of a mili- tary veteran.” The Royal Carabinieri Band on Sep- tember 30 started on a series of pro- vincial visits as guests of the lord may- ors and corporations of the leading cities. During their tour the band played at a series of concerts through- out the United Kingdom. It was the wish of his Majesty's Government that the proceeds of these concerts should be devoted solely to the funds of the Italian Red Cross, but the Italian authorities generously insisted that the British Red Cross should share equally with the Ital- ian Red Cross. known as a bacteri- ologist and pathologist, who will direct the medical activities; First Lieutenant B. C. Hamilton, U. S. A. Medical Corps, of Goshen, N. Y., assigned to the com- mission by the army; Col. George C. Treadwell, of Albany, active in Red Cross military relief work in this coun- try, and formerly military secretary to Governor Hughes; Captain Alexander Forward and William E. Thompson of Richmond. Dr. Wells and Dr. Hamilton were also members of the Roumanian commission. Miss Helen Scott Hay, of Washing- ton, who has done a great deal of Red Cross work in Europe since the begin- ning of the war, accompanies the com- mission as head nurse. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUV3s.CRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDROw WILSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. HARVEY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH WASHINGTON, D. C., November 11, 1918 Looking Ahead Mighty events in world history have taken place within the last week. Em- pires in league to crush freedom have fallen and dynasties are crumbling. At this writing Civilization sees the peace for which it has prayed and fought The world safe for Democracy. A mere breath- assured. is to be made ing space for thanksgiving when the roar of battle is stilled, and then Civi- lization must face problems as pressing as those which have engaged it in the prosecution of the war. With respect to the Red Cross there is the probability of emergency demands coming with the same suddenness that has marked events on the road to peace. There is no telling just what the demands will be, but happily the organization to deal with them is in splendid condition. It must not lose an atom of its effective- ness through any lapse of interest in the war-peace transition period. The survey of conditions in the countries of Europe, the news of which is printed on another page, is designed to supply information that will assist in meeting all emergen- cies that present themselves, either on war or peace footing. Economic and political problems that press for attention can be dealt with at more or less leisure, but the relief prob- lems, on which the former hinge in large part, can not suffer an instant’s delay. The opportunity for service, in conform- ity with America’s spirit and the lessons of the war, is greater today than ever. We can thrill the civilized world again when the books are opened for the Christmas Roll Call. Make it unanimous! Broader Emergency Relief - Emergencies which have no connection with the war, calling for the prompt ap- plication of relief measures, emphasize Some of the permanent benefits that will result from the Red Cross war organiza- tion. Recently, in these columns, atten- tion was directed to the efficiency tests which were met by the Red Cross in con- nection wtih the influenza epidemic and the Perth Amboy munitions plant disas- ter. In the cases of two other domestic calamities—the terrible forest fires which swept portions of Wisconsin and Minne- sota in October, and the Brooklyn tun- nel horror—the relief work brought out phases of activity that were of great practical value, the availability of the service being due to the development of the Red Cross organization on a war basis. On pages 6 and 7 of this number of The Bulletin is a picture of the gen- eral relief headquarters of the Red Cross at Duluth, where thousands of refugees from the surrounding fire-swept areas had their wants attended to. Red Cross chapters through the stricken section re- sponded to the call, says a report, “as if drilled for the job.” A striking feature of the work in the field was the service performed by the Motor Corps, a dis- tinctively war-time development. Home Service, another result of pre- paredness to meet war conditions, also was brought into play following the dis- asters above noted. This is a service that will “carry on” long after the war has become only a memory. Already its beneficent influence is felt in a broader way than was originally contemplated. So it is, therefore, that in time of war we are preparing for a more effective hu- manitarianism in time of peace. United War Work Campaign Week The War Council of the American Red Cross urges the utmost cooperation on the part of the chapters and members throughout the country with the United War Work campaign to be carried on in the week of November 11 to 18, in sup- port of the seven recreational organiza- tions endorsed by the National Govern- ment. The work of these organizations is of inestimable importance and every Amer- ican citizen should support their cam- paign generously and wholeheartedly. In line with the above appeal, the War Council calls the attention of American Red Cross chapters, workers and mem- bers, to the statement of Assistant Sec- retary of War Keppel, which was pub- lished in the Official Bulletin, Septem- ber 13th: “It is natural that organizations re- sponsible for providing recreation facili- ties to the troops should merge their campaigns, inasmuch as they are engaged in a common program of service. * * * Balancing this united drive in the fall for these organizations will be the Red Cross drive in the spring.” In view of the foregoing and in order that there may be no confusion, the American Red Cross War Council will not authorize a campaign for Red Cross funds for the national organization, either directly or indirectly, during the time in which the United War Work campaign is carried on. The campaign is for a specific purpose, and is entitled to present its appeal for that purpose to the American people and to have that appeal receive complete and generous support. In response to the Red Cross appeal last spring, approximately $178,000,000 was subscribed. The demands on the Red Cross are enormous, much larger than was ever anticipated, and those de- mands are increasing. The organization is, nevertheless, in possession of suffi- cient funds to finance all its require- ments for the immediate present. As yet it is impossible to estimate the op- portunities and obligations which will confront the Red Cross in the new year, but the campaign for funds will of ne- cessity be made in the spring. It is also felt by the War Council that the Red Cross appeals for funds should be regarded as essentially for relief and should, as set forth in the above state- ment by the War Department, be made on distinctive occasions. e T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN MARCHING WOMEN - - - - -- ~~~~~~~wrº-ºr- **. The last sight I saw in France was a glorious military parade in honor of a group of brave French wounded who were to be decorated. The old Square blazed with sunshine and color and our boys were leading. A snappy American band played the Marseillaise so fast that the French troops fairly panted. There were all kinds of French regiments— black colonials, yellow colonials, and the regular army men; and that great mass of khaki-clad “happy warriors” from home. The two dozen men who were to be decorated stood in a line in front of the guard of honor. It was a pathetic group —thin and worn looking, pale from long hospital confinement. Some swayed on their crutches; others stood erect with no arms to answer the military salute of their officers—and our American band played “We Won’t Come Back Till It’s Over, Over There.” How colorless home was going to seem after ten months of vivid experiences, so moving and in- tense! Only fifteen days later, in the main street of a small New England city, I watched another parade. There were some companies of soldiers in line—men from a nearby training camp almost ready to go “over seas”—but the greater part of the parade were women; old, and young and middle-aged women, march- ing; and another American band was playing the Marseillaise and “Over There.” None of those vivid experiences in France had quite prepared me for this. It was not the banners, the colors, or even the great splash of white they made un- der the green trees of Main street. It was the expression of their faces. They looked neither to the right or left, as far as I could judge from my angle on the side. Their eyes were about level with the big American flag at the head of each group; and you had a feeling, as you watched them, that that was the level of their hearts as well. Next to me stood a gentle-faced woman of forty, on crutches. We had talked a few minutes before the parade began. Then we forgot each other. It was just as four real old ladies with shin- ing white hair swung by us, with a spry- ness worthy of their New England an- cestry, that my neighbor swayed toward By JUNE RICHARDSON LUCAS me with a sharp sob. I steadied her Crutch and looked down into her wet face. I don’t think that she would have spoken even then, if she had not seen that I was making no effort to hide my own feel- ings. * “It has been twenty years. I have never rebelled before—but this makes me feel I cannot bear it. No one will ever know how much I care about it all because I can not march and I have not even a son to march for me.” It came all with one gasp—then she was her usual patient self. I nodded; I couldn't speak. And the women marched on, with a look on their faces no one can describe, and, suddenly for me, Amer- ica's contribution to the war became more than men and guns and food. It became also millions of marching women with their eyes upon the flag. New Surgeon General Arrives General Merritt W. Ireland has arrived in Washington from France, to assume his duties as surgeon general of the United States Army, succeeding Surgeon General William C. Gorgas, retired. General Ireland had been in France since the arrival of American troops in that country, and, prior to his appoint- ment to the present office, was the sur- geon general of the American Expedi- tionary Forces. The very excellent work performed by the Medical Department of the American Expeditionary Forces in France is due in very considerable part to his ability, energy, and resources. Accompanying General Ireland was Brigadier General Kean, who will be lo- cated in Washington in the surgeon gen- eral's office. At the outbreak of the war, General Kean, then a colonel, was the director general of Military Relief of the American Red Cross. It was under his Supervision that the base hospitals were organized and subsequently made a part of the Medical Department. Products of Allied Prisoners At the request of the Red Cross Com- mission to Switzerland, an appropriation of $50,000 has been made by the War Council for the purchase of articles man- ufactured by interned allied prisoners in Switzerland. These articles will be bought outright by the Red Cross, shipped to this country, and sold at cost. If any profit should inadvertently occur through causes beyond the control of the Red Cross, it will be used for relief work in Switzerland. Mme. Grouitch, wife of the Serbian Ambassador to Switzerland, has been much interested in this project, and has expressed her un- qualified appreciation of the action the Red Cross has taken. Dr. Shipley Enters Army Dr. E. A. Shipley has resigned as Secretary of the Medical Advisory Com- mittee of the American Red Cross and director of the Bureau of General Medi- cal Service to accept a commission as major in the Medical Corps of the Army. He has been assigned to duty in the office of the surgeon general, where he will be associated with Dr. Vaughn in sanitary work. Dr. H. W. Cook, of Minneapolis, for- merly medical adviser of the Northern division, succeeds Dr. Shipley as secre- tary of the Medical Advisory Committee and director of the Bureau of General Medical Service. Dr. Shipley will continue as a member of the Medical Advisory Committee. “Astonishing Efficiency”, Says Baker During his recent visit to Europe, Secretary of War Baker wrote a letter from American Army Headquarters in France to the American Red Cross Head- quarters in London, copies of which have just been received in this country, in which he said: “On this trip I have received fresh and noteworthy evidence of the astonishing efficiency of Red Cross operations in France and England. “I have been delighted to see how much the American Red Cross has done to weld the hearts of these allied peoples together.” Mary Elizabeth Cakes for Wounded Since the establishment of the central diet kitchen in Paris under Miss Mary Elizabeth Evans, special trucks leave Red Cross headquarters daily, loaded with Mary Elizabeth cakes and other del- icacies for wounded soldiers in nearby hospitals. The arrival in the wards of the blue-clad girls with their baskets of good things is always a signal for cheers, even from the most seriously wounded. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE SIGN SAID “CLOSED.” American Front, Sept. 30. For two weeks the American offensive in the St. Mihiel sector had been on. The roads, in spite of shell holes and debris of wagons and camions that have been smashed by direct hits, were incessantly alive with moving men and vehicles. And for two weeks the two Red Cross men in A. R. C. Outpost No. 2 had for- gotten what it was to sleep except for an occasional nap snatched in odd moments. Stray soldiers and groups of soldiers had drifted in and out, lost from their com- panies. Signal Corps men who had been out, night after night, keeping alive the RELIEF FOR REFUGEES FROM FOREST FIRE AREAS––RED CROSS ORGANIZATION IN lines of communication, would come in gray with fatigue and go out looking re- vived after a great bowl full of steam- ing chocolate from the ever-ready kettle and a cheese sandwich from the never- empty cupboard. - Officers, bringing their men back from the front line trenches, would ride ahead to find out if the outpost could furnish chocolate and sandwiches for 100, or 300, or 500 hungry chaps, planning to march the boys right past without a stop unless they could be assured that there was enough for every one. And the two men at the outpost always said, “Bring them in; we’ll take care of them.” There came a momentary lull one day, when the two men looked around at their outpost and noticed for the first time that there were dishes piled everywhere, that there were corners that hadn’t been swept for quite a while and floors that needed scrubbing. “Guess we’d better close up for an suggested Lieutenant Ashley Pond, and Lieutenant Lowry agreed with him that it might be wise. A sign was posted on the door and a wire attached to the knob to keep it shut while the two men, with sleeves rolled up, pitched in. They had barely started to work when the door was jerked open and two boys stuck their heads in the door. - hour,” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN “Any chance to get a little writing paper?” they demanded, and the Red Cross men glared at them. “Can’t you chaps read?” manded. “Get out.” “Aw, say,” begged one of the boys. “We’ve been wandering around for a week now, trying to find someone to re- port to. Lost our company the first day of the offensive and have been roughing I sure would like to write they de- it ever since. home.” The paper was produced and the men hurried out, while Pond and Lowry, fas- tening the door again, continued their work. Again the door was jerked open and two more soldiers walked in. “Give us something to eat, will you?” they asked, and Pond turned on them sharply. “Get out of here,” he ordered, and was shutting the door, when one of the boys broke down and began to cry. “Well, boy, what’s the matter?” and the youngster, still shaking half hysteric- ally, told them that he had been out in No Man’s Land for a solid week on nightly wiring parties. For three days he had missed out on mess and had had only tinued rations. “Guess we can take care of you,” said Pond, and going to the stove he fried up several eggs, made fresh coffee and got out bread and sardines from the cup- board. When the boys left they had re- membered how to smile again, and Pond started to close the door when an officer appeared. “I have 200 men coming down the road,” he began. “They’re pretty tired and hungry. Can you give them choc- olate?” “Oh, sure,” said the Red Cross men, and, going to the door, they jerked down the sign. “We’re open now.” Mr. Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart, British diplomatic representative in Rus- sia, writing in the London Daily Mail, pays high tribute to the American Red Cross in Russia during the recent crisis. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN WORK IN HOSPITAL ZONES War Department Order Designates Red Cross to Supervise All Volunteer Relief Under a recent order issued by the Secretary of War the American Red Cross has been designated as the official representative of the government in hos- pital zones. This means that other vol- unteer societies will hereafter carry on their activities in connection with the military and naval hospitals under the supervision of the Department of Mili- tary Relief of the Red Cross. The order in full follows: “The American National Red Cross serving with the land forces is a part of the sanitary service of such forces, and under the order of the President is the only volunteer society authorized by the government to render aid to said ser- vice. Any other society desiring to ren- der similar aid can do so only through the Red Cross. This principle governs all organized activities within hospitals which are not conducted by direct gov- ernmental action, and all similar activi- ties on the reservations occupied by hos- pitals as well. When voluntary organized assistance is acceptable under the reg- ulations made therefor, the same will be procured from or through the Red Cross, and not otherwise. Nothing herein con- tained, shall, however, be construed to prevent the Red Cross, as the primary and sole recognized agency of organized volunteer aid, from obtaining and receiv- ing suitable services from other volun- tarly organizations which are particularly equipped to render the same, subject to the paramount and intervening authority of the proper commanding officer.” Under this new authority the Red Cross will continue its services of fur- nishing emergency supplementary sup- plies and equipment upon requests of commanding officers of hospitals; con- duct home service for patients; com- municate with families of patients, keep- ing them advised of the condition and progress of the patients and writing let- ters for the sick and convalescent pa- tients, provide writing material and other means of comfort for them; erect and keep buildings for the use of convales- cent patients and provide entertainment for these patients; erect and keep rest houses for female nurses, and on request of the commanding officers operate an information office for the reception of visitors to the hospitals. Other volunteer organizations will continue their kinds of activities, such as providing religious services in their own buildings and caring for the able-bodied personnel of the hospitals, and particu- larly in case of the American Library Association, provide books and maga- zines to circulate through the hospitals. The Red Cross will build convalescent houses, and nurses’ homes so far as needed, and with its approval the Y. M. C. A. and Knights of Columbus will erect recreation buildings on the same plan as heretofore. This new arrangement is just going into effect with the cordial approval of all the organized interests. Praises United War Work (Concluded from page 1) Certainly every chapter of the American Red Cross within the United States, and HIS BEST FRIEND “OVER THERE” indeed in all other parts of the world, and all citizens of the United States would contribute to the work of these organiza- tions if they could appreciate its import- ance. Our more than 2,000,000 men are far from home, in strange lands, and need as men never needed before just the things that these organizations supply. I am therefore confident that our entire organization, conscious of its obligation, will cooperate with enthusiasm and zeal in the coming campaign. The American Red Cross has given fifty reapers and 1,500 scythes to the French Army Agricultural Corps, to as- sure the gathering of the rich harvest in the recently liberated region of the Aisne. SWISS EXPRESS GRATITUDE Soldiers Given Aid in Recuperating from Influenza Also Write of Hope for Victory The influenza epidemic has been no re- specter of persons nor of countries. It has attacked soldier and civilian alike. Everywhere the American Red Cross has been on the alert to help fight it. The fol- lowing excerpts taken from a letter from a sergeant in the Swiss army tells of the gratitude of several hundred Swiss sol- diers who have been able to recuperate after their illness through the generosity of the American Red Cross. A gift of $100,000 to the Swiss Red Cross has en- abled these men to enjoy a few weeks stay in the Bernese Oberland where the pure mountain air, abundant food and well earned rest helped to bring them back to health. The letter is addressed to the American Ambassador at Berne: “The French-Swiss convalescent sol- diers at Spiez, thirty of whom are at the Hotel Bubenburg, have asked me to ex- press to you their sincerest and most theartfelt thanks for the graceful action of the American Red Cross. “We, as republican soldiers, prayers for the complete triumph of the allied armies in the near future over the despotism and militarism of the Ger- mans, for the Allies are fighting for the noblest cause, which should be the ideal of all truly democratic nations. May victory always accompany the armies of all countries struggling for liberty, jus- tice and the fraternity of nations. “Pray accept our sincerest and most respectful sentiments. Long live the United States of America and her noble representatives! “In the name of the Swiss–French un- der-officers convalescent at Spiez.” offer Monthly Tonnage of Food Relief Thousands of tons of foodstuffs are being sent out every month by the Amer- ican Red Cross from our ports to all of the allied countries. According to fig- ures furnished by the Bureau of Trans- portation a total of 4,672.97 tons of food supplies were shipped by the Red Cross during August, 1918, and 2,797.60 in Sep- tember. This represents food shipments alone, and does not include the vast amount of hospital and other supplies. The American Red Cross is already considering plans for the intensive re- construction of devastated territory. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AS THE BRITISH VIEW US Limitless Range of A.R.C. Activities Extolled by Official Journal of English Red Cross Under the caption “The American Red Cross”, the following article ap- peared in the October 15 issue of the “Red Cross”, the official journal of the British Red Cross Society: “We find it quite impossible to deal in these columns with the multifarious ac- tivities of the American Red Cross, as our readers will understand when we say that it issues a weekly Bulletin of eight three-column pages devoted to its pres- ent war work. “Its range is almost limitless, and at times American generosity stretches be- yond all our preconceived ideas of Red Cross assistance proper. Thus we read that “The First Maternity and Infant Welfare Center provided in Wales by the American Red Cross has been opened at Siloam School, Swansea; and thfa qui- nine has been sent to a leper colony in Madagascar.” Of the work for wounded soldiers, the most condensed account would swamp us. “General hospitals, special hospitals, moving hospital caravans, convalescent homes, homes for nurses, clubs, canteens, dental work, baths, a Home Communi- cation service, hospital farms, river trips, rest camps, help for refugees and the re- patriated, in addition to the stores, cloth- ing, comfort and transportation work, are subjects which catch the eye as one looks through “The American Red Cross Bulletin.” “The names of every seat of war also frequently appear. Nothing, from milk upwards, seems to escape the attention of our friends; and their devoted work for the Allies, under Commissioner Ma- jor Perkins, is on a scale of thorough- ness which makes praise little better than impertinence.” KING AND QUEEN OF ENGLAND ARRIVING AT AMERICAN MILITARY HOSPITAL MILLION DOLLAR BEQUEST Will of James A. Scrymser, New York Banker, Leaves Half of Estate to the Red Cross Announcement has just been made of a legacy to the American Red Cross amounting to $1,000,000, from the estate of the late James A. Scrymser, a New York banker. Under the will of Mr. Scrymser, who died last April, the Red DARTFORD, TO INSPECT A. R. C. ACTIVITIES KING GEORGE AND QUEEN MARY VISITING WITH AMERICAN WOUNDED AND THEIR NURSES - Cross is made the residuary legatee of one-half of his estate, the total value of which is more than $2,000,000. This is the largest bequest ever made to the organization. The next largest was that of Chas. S. Kahn, a merchant of Evansville, Ind., who died in August, last, leaving to the American Red Cross his entire estate, estimated at $125,000. The spirit which prompts such dispo- sition of individual wealth was well ex- pressed by the Western merchant, who concluded his testament in the following words: “and I desire to assist this na- tional organization in its great work of alleviating suffering and benefiting those who need help and service of the kind rendered by the Red Cross.” The thirty tractors shipped to France by the American Red Cross plowed 7,500 acres in eight weeks. During the “reign of terror” in Mos- cow, the American Red Cross fed the starving and sheltered the homeless. 10 THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN THE METAMORPHOSIS OF A COMFORT-LOWING GIRL Letter to Dearest Girl Friend Tells How Red Cross Experience Brought a New View of Life - The following letter from a young Woman canteen worker Somewhere in France, to her chum in New York, tells most eloquently the story of sacrifice and Service as symbolized by the A.R.C.: F 3 , 1918. My Dear Agnes: Do you remember the old nursery rhyme about the little lady who woke up to find, if I remember correctly, her skirt cut short. “Lawks a-mercy, can this be I?” I have often echoed her cry. As a matter of fact it isn’t the Fannie you knew at all who is writing this. That Fannie was rather a lazy, self-centered person who liked good things to eat, comfortable beds, nice clothes and who was a bit afraid of thunder-storms and burglars. I am going to touch on a few of my recent experiences that you may see how far behind I have left all that. Well, for the last six weeks what sleep I have had has been on a canvas stretcher out in a pine woods, completely dressed —apron and all—with my hands and face dirty after an exhausting day's work and my clothes fairly caked wtih dust from the trip in the truck. I have rolled up in a blanket for six hours at the most, to get up at five-thirty for another day’s work. That is, if it is a quiet night. For if the Boche's airplanes come to bomb, it means the choice of getting under your mattress hoping it will protect you from shrapnel (if you are lucky enough to have a mattress) from our own anti- aircraft guns, or running to a straw- stack, or just staying still and listening to the shells whistling near you and counting the soul-sickening thud of each bomb while you wonder if the next is for you. BROKEN SLUMBER This goes on for an hour, perhaps three, or four, or five, then you drop asleep to be awakened, perhaps, by the same performance—and at six you are all huddled into the truck and jolted back to town to begin work. For if there is any- thing left of the canteen, work must go on just the same, bombing or no bomb- ing. Our great pride is that the canteen has never missed a day. All through the big battle when shells were being fired right into the town—it kept right on serving. One day I was so busy serv- ing soup I scarcely had time to notice a French general who came in and made a graceful speech to the men, asking them to cheer us for our courage and de- votion. It was very nice; but I wasn’t serving soup for any glory. I was serv- ing it for those little men in blue on the other side of the counter who were tired and dusty and dirty and depressed be- cause their leave had been cut short. It was for them that I was gay and cheer- ful and forgot my sleepless nights, my damp clothes, my dirty apron and greasy hands. We smile at each other across the counter and make bets on the open- ing date of my canteen in Berlin (a joke that never ceases to be amusing) and I promise them free coffee and countless cigarettes. They laugh and make re- marks to each other as they carry their food to the tables, and I know they won’t forget me. THEY REMEMBER I know that some time they will come through again, or I will hear a weak voice as I distribute cigarettes in the hospital, calling “Madamoiselle” or perhaps ‘Ma soeur” and then: “Do you remember that day at C– funk? You were bien gentille—I have often thought how kind you were to us and we all are very grateful.” Of course I don’t remember the dear fellow from a thousand others, but I say I do and we when I was in a blue have a little chat and he tells me about his mother or his wife and the babies, and I am cheerful and try to seem gay, all the while wanting to sit down and Cry. did cry. It was when I went to a French military cemetery to look for the graves of American boys buried there. I found eighteen—boys I had laughed with only two weeks before—fine, clear-eyed boys who went into the fight with the old “rebel yell” that terrified the Boches, coats opened, shirts unbuttoned at the throat, no helmet—the old dashing, re- sistless. fighter that used to glory in the Indian wars and now lives again in these boys. Before this war started they were as peaceful as you or I, but now the fighter in them is roused and nothing can hold them. Here they lay, eighteen of them; some of them had been left in the French hospitals rather than risk the But I must tell you of the one time I extra miles to an American Field Hos- pital. Some were from the famous in- fantry regiment, others artillery, some machine gunners—there they lay. Some- one had put on the white name-card of one boy “20 Ans”—that was when I sat. down and cried. Nights at an American Field Hospital seem endless. Sometimes we are giving hot coffee to the gassed men as they are brought in (and I shall never forget how their eyes thank me) or get a sand- wich for a slightly wounded boy who has had nothing to eat for four days. One night there was no tent room for more and I ran and put blankets under the heads of a last load of wounded who had to be left out in the open. Then the order came: “Lights Out!” Every light was put out except the ones in the operat- ing tent (where nine surgeons worked day and night) and in the receiving tent where each man was carried from the ambulances. I would stand at the tent flap and draw it back for each stretcher load and then quickly let it drop again. Soon would come the sickening throb of the Boche motor—that sound once heard can never be forgotten—and it would come nearer and nearer. • *. Then I would give my post to a wait- ing ambulance boy to go kneel in the dark by some of the stretchers where we would whisper together and try to re- assure each other, and try to make feeble jokes while the motor could be heard closer above our heads... The very next night after I left that Field Hospital 2. Boche plane came and machine-gunned the tents. THE REAL LIFE Well, that is life as we are living it. One gets so used to this nightmare that it is only when you come to write it that you realize how abnormal it all is. I am no longer afraid of thunder-storms and burglars. I never have a bath nor eat good food, nor read a book, nor think of myself at all. And I wouldn’t be any- where but here for anything in the world! There is so much to be done, and I am so thankful I can help do it. What little there is left of the old Fannie still shud- ders at horrible sights and is still scared to death when Boche planes drop bombs —but fortunately there isn’t much of that Fannie left to bother with. I am having my third week's rest in a year and I can scarcely wait to be back with my blue horizon and khaki men. Both the old and the new Fannie send love. w THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN 11 Bread for the Belgian Babies “There are two hundred hungry Bel- gian children at the Gare St. Lazare,” came an appeal to the Children’s Bul- reau of the American Red Cross one Monday afternoon (September 16). Three-quarters of an hour later a dele- gate from the bureau arrived at the sta- tion; breathless, but triumphant. She had put through the necessary requisi- tion in record time, commandeered a taxi which took her out to the Red Cross warehouse, loaded it with the necessary supplies and arrived at the station in time to see that all the children were fed be- fore their train left fifteen minutes later. Two hundred hungry little mouths wel- comed her with greetings that were warmly seconded by Madame E. de La- drier, the Belgian nurse in charge of the convoy of youngsters, who were being sent to the south of France for the win- ter. The youngsters ranged in age from two to ten years, so that the menu pro- vided by the Red Cross was varied. There were eighteen tins of evaporated milk, which were used for the babies. There were ten tins of beef for the older children, and boxes of cakes and choco- late for everyone. Back of the lines in the little section of Belgium that still remains in the hands of the Allies there are refugee families that have lived in caves and underground dugouts ever since the war began. When- ever possible convoys of children are sent from the bombed districts into France, where they can live under healthful conditions and receive proper schooling. The children who passed through Paris last Monday were on their way to Tilliers, where they will be placed in government schools. By some mishap in arrangements, no food had been provided for the convoy, which left a little town in Belgium early in the morning. By the time the children had gotten to Paris at 4 in the afternoon they were famished. Madame de La- drier hurried to the American Red Cross with a plea, and food was at once requi- sitioned from the Red Cross commissary. Amusement for Belgian Children The American Red Cross, through its Commission for Belgium, has just under- taken a plan for providing healthful or- ganized amusement for the children of the thousands of Belgian refugees in Havre. The announced purpose of this work is to aid parents in saving their children from the moral and physical dangers that come from playing in the Streets. . . . Under the direction of their school teachers, these Belgian children will be taken on picnics, be given regular out- door exercise, taken to moving picture theaters, to visit monuments, museums and other places of interest. Six thou- sand francs have been set aside by the American Red Cross for the beginning of this work. French Women “Adopt” Graves On the eastern slope of Mount Vale- rien, near Paris, are buried the American soldiers who have died in Paris hospitals. In September the graves numbered 280, although the cemetery had been in use only three months. The French women of Suresnes have been helping the army to keep the cemetery as attractive as pos- sible, and many of them have “adopted” as many as fifteen graves apiece, placing flowers on them and keeping them green. The adopted graves have cards on them, bearing the legend: “Adoptée par Ma- dame —,” or “Entretenue par Madame —,” and two of the graves have already been marked with stones bearing the French and American colors and the inscription “Mort pour la patrie.” Christmas Parcels for Soldiers Red Cross members are to have the opportunity of sending Christmas parcels to those American soldiers in France who have no one here to remember them. That there are many such sol- diers among the more than 2,000,000 now overseas is one of the pathetic facts re- vealed by the receipt at Red Cross head- quarters of hundreds of Christmas par- cel labels. Each soldier in General Per- shing’s forces has received one of these labels, with instructions to send it to the person in this country from whom he wished to receive a Christmas package. Soldiers without relatives or friends in the United States were directed to for- ward their labels to Red Cross National Headquarters. . In order that these soldiers may share in the general distribution of Christmas cheer the Red Cross has arranged to di- vide their labels among the Red Cross divisions with instructions to distribute them among the Red Cross chapters. Each chapter receiving such labels will distribute its share to anyone who vol- unteers to send Christmas parcels to men without relatives. - -- His Savings to Help Others Salavatore Philippo, of Erie, Pa., an American soldier boy who was almost blinded by a shrapnel wound, intends to make a will leaving all his money to the American Red Cross. He conveyed this information to Henry P. Davison, chair- man of the War Council, on the occa- sion of a recent visit by Mr. Davison to a Paris hospital where wounded Ameri- cans are being cared for. Mr. Davison talked with scores of the patients and asked them if there was anything his or- ganization could do to make them more comfortable. “If I leave my money to the American Red Cross,” said Philippo, “I know that it will be used to help those who need it most. If I leave it any other way, no telling what will be done with it. I am in comfortable circumstances and so are my people. I have tried to refuse the many comforts provided by the Red Cross be- cause I felt some of the other boys might need them more.” War Information Centers War Information Centers, acting jointly for the American Red Cross, the Food Administration, the Bureau of War Risk Insurance and other war agencies, are being established in large cities, par- ticularly in immigrant sections. The pur- pose is to ensure for every neighborhood a place where parents and wives and chil- dren of men in the service can obtain simple and accurate answers to questions about war measures and regulations. This work to some extent supplements and assists the work of the Home Ser- vice Sections of the Red Cross, as all relief cases are referred to them through the Centers. There are ninety of these centers in New York City. Canteens and French Gardens American Red Cross canteens are now in operation at thirty advanced points near the front in France, and every Red Cross worker who can be spared from other duties has been assigned to work in them and in hospitals near the front. Forty-five women workers have been sent from Paris to help out. From the gardens which the Red Cross is running in connection with French hospitals, and on which more than 5,000 convalescent soldiers have been working, twenty-three tons of green vegetables and a large crop of potatoes have been harvested. - 12 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN The Most Needed Women By JANE A. DELANO, Director of the Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. (This is the fourteenth of Miss Delano's articles dealing with the mobilization of nursing resources.) Standing side by side with the fighters of the nation, American nurses have ful- filled the greatest need the world has probably ever known. We are remaking history, not repeating it; and although women of all times have borne their share of war, this is perhaps the first time that women generally have slipped into their niches and filled them. As for nurses, they have at last come into their own. The privilege of fighting as our boys are fighting—of dying, if necessary, as they are dying—is one that has no com- parison; and the nurse or woman, who avoids or side-steps her responsibility at this time, will regret it always. Women have not lost the protective instinct that makes them seize a musket or a sterile bandage with the same quick response. If necessary, I firmly believe, it would be possible to recruit an Amer- ican Battalion of Death to carry on the cause of freedom. But it is not a Bat- talion of Death, but a Battalion of Life that the needs of war call for; that hints of a thrill of battle with death itself. The Red Cross, leading the spirit of America into war, calls for recruits for this battalion. Some time ago some one made the statement that it is the nation with the best women who will win the War. ~ From a nurse who worked nineteen months in military hospitals in France comes another challenge: “If you feel that you can answer the call and see it through, to the best of your ability and in spite of all the hardships, you will find it the most satisfying thing you have ever done in your life.” American women have answered the call for service splendidly. Their spirits have reached across the 3,000 miles that lies between America and France; but it takes more than a sympathetic under- standing to make our sick and wounded boys whole, and it is only women with that skilled, knowledge, who have had experience, or are free to get it, who have an opportunity to live this Great Adventure. : 3. The Army needs at least 8,000 addi- tional trained nurses between now and January 1st, and whatever the trend of war conditions, there should be 50,000 graduate and student nurses in service by July of next year. Yet the present needs are so great that the surgeon general of the Army has decided to send nurses’ aids into mili- tary establishments abroad. He has called for 1,500 to be sent overseas im- mediately. It is hoped that, in this way, the problem of meeting the pressing needs of both civilian and military hos- pitals may to some degree be solved. The epidemic through which we have just passed, has demonstrated the use- fulness of the lay woman with some knowledge of practical sick-room care, and brought more vividly home the situ- ation which demands nurses abroad. Although the Red Cross has already used nurses’ aids under its own auspices, this is the first direct assignment of them to American military hospitals abroad. To prevent interfering with admission of student nurses to the Army School of Nursing and civilian hospital training schools, the age limit for the group of 1,500 nurses’ aids for Army service has been placed between 35 and 45 years. The Red Cross will select the aids from among those women who have had, preferably, the Red Cross course in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, or who can present a satisfactory equiva- lent. Service will be for the duration of the war. Women with brothers in mili- tary service will be accepted, also mar- ried women whose husbands are not in service and beyond the draft age. Salary allowance will be $30 per month and will include maintenance, laundry of uniform and traveling expenses. In event of there not, being a sufficient number of nurses' aids immediately available, the Red Cross has provided for instruction of additional aids. These classes are now being organized through- out the divisions; and every woman who can qualify, and who appreciates the opportunity for service that is being of- fered her, should apply, at once, to local Red Cross chapters, division offices or National Headquarters. - The enrollment of aids, at this time, is merely in the nature of supplementary service to meet present needs, and must not be allowed to interfere with the secur- ing of large numbers of graduate nurses, who are needed, perhaps, as never be- fore. The American Red Cross has been in- strumental in the creation of a day nur- sery for the children of working women at Nevers, France. Protecting Health of War Workers * Every effort is being made to safe- guard the health and to increase the working efficiency of the thousands of uniformed and civilian war workers who are gathered in our nation’s capital. In order to assist the local Health Depart- ment to keep Washington absolutely san- itary, the War Council of the American. Red Cross has recently made an appro- priation of $13,500 for three months’ maintenance of Red Cross Sanitary Unit No. 36. - * - This includes sanitary inspectors, Pub- lic Health nurses, and operation and up- keep of three touring cars. Special stress was laid on the most rigid inspection of all public eating places. The importance of this was emphasized during the recent influenza epidemic when contagion often resulted from the unclean dishes and the carelessly prepared food of restaurants and cafeterias. The need for more intensive work in sanitation is nation-wide. It is particu- larly urgent at this time in Uncle Sam's chief war-time workshop. Hence this fund was voted by the Red Cross War Council, to meet an emergency situation, to sanitate properly the District of Co- lumbia. . 4. Acknowledges Petrograd Relief A letter has just reached National Headquarters from an American who shared the supplies distributed by the Red Cross to those remaining in Petro- grad. The writer enclosed a check for three hundred dollars—two hundred of which was intended to cover the cost of the provisions themselves, and the other hundred as an expression of his grati- tude for the work of relief done by the American Red Cross. “* * * On ac- count of the existing conditions in Petro- grad,” the letter reads, “these supplies were about the most acceptable gift I ever received. Besides the immediate value to myself, they gave me the op- portunity to assist in the supplying of necessary provisions for the Easter cele- bration of April 23 to May 6. This is by far the biggest celebration in Russia, and these supplies, which they could not othewise obtain for any price, will cause no end of joy. Accept again my grati- tude, also that of my Russian friends through me.” Lyon will be an important center of American Red Cross activities in France under the new organization. * ! iſ ºf 5 <). A ./, 4– w : C d C ross Bu I I etin Vol. II - WASHINGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER 18, 1918 No. 47 --—, **********.*.*.*, *, *, *, *, *...e. e. •. .e. 6...e. 29.28.2°, 23.9." $4×׺ •-ºxº-exº-ºº-ºº-4, Sº...º.º. º.º.º.º. º. º. º. º. º. º. º. º. 28.2°, 23, .<>, < 0.26. 23, 29.2°, 23.2°, 23°. Sº...º.º.º.º. º. º.º.º.º.º. 6. 23.26. 23...º. º. º. º. 29.2°, 23.28.2°, 28.2°, 9.2°, 23.2°, -3°..º.º.º. Q-3X®6׺ 66 -II *******************3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-ºxº~3°333333333333333333.3 ºººººº. REDCROSSMUST CONTINUETO REPRESENTTHE HEART OFAMERICA «» § © 3. 49 © © O 3. © 3. © 3. © 3. º 3. . § . * 3. © O 3. O © © 6 3. º © © 3. «» © 3. & © 3 © © A “CARRY ON” MESSAGE FROM THE WAR COUNCIL ºzººlººkºlº 3. : © 3. © º 3. 4× © 3. © O 3. © © © $ «»6. WO days before the armistice ending the Commander-in-Chief tells them there is no «» º 3. G «» i__ the world war was signed the War more work for them to do in the war-ter: [º] Council of the American Red Cross every Red Cross member and worker-and:#F. * **wºx. *** telegraphed the following message to all divi- this means both men and women—shey gºt returning soldiers and sailors that to care-for" 3. 3. Q 3. © $ © o 3. © © 3. o © 3. º 3. 3. © 3. $ 4, © © : 3. • • © 3. sion headquarters, to be read to the 3,857 Red Cross chapters: © 3. «» * © © their health, welfare and happiness we are en- 3. © © © © $ 3. «» 3. © © 3. © • • $ º © 3. “On February 10th, last year, nearly six listed for no less period than they are. © 3 © © 3. © 3. : 4) : weeks before the United States declared war, 3| National Red Cross Headquarters advised its $| chapters to prepare for war. That which has 3| followed in the record of the Red Cross in help- «» © $ © “The cessation of war will reveal a picture © º 3. º © $ © © 3. of misery such as the world has never seen be- © © 3. © 3. © ©, © 3. fore, especially in the many countries which can © Ö 3. 0. © not help themselves. The American people will expect the Red Cross to continue to act as 3. 3. $ Ö. $ 3. & © 3. Ö 3. © º & 3. º ing to win this war and to relieve the suffering 3. © <> © © : 3. & © 0. © • their agent in repairing broken spirits and tº & © 3. 3. © growing out of it, constitutes something of «» º 4. t • broken bodies. Peace terms and peace condi- * 3. : 3. º which every American citizen has a right to be © ; proud. Every American Red Cross worker tions will determine how we may best minister ; : must feel a sense of gratitude in having had a to the vast stricken areas which have been har- ; : share in it all. rowed by war, and for this great act of mercy 3. 3. “The moment is now come to prepare for the heart and'spirit o the American people must 3. 3. peace. Actual peace may come at any mo- continue to be mobilized through the American # 3. ment; it may be deferred for some time. Until Red cros. © 3. 3. peace is really here there can be no-relaxation º On behalf of the War Council, we accord- 3. 3. in any Red Cross effort incident to active hos- ingly ask each member of our splendid body of 3. # tilities. • workers throughout the land to bear in mind ź 3. “But even with peace, let no one suppose ths solemn º which . upon each : # that the work of the Red cross is finished. | * * * * * * * * * * : 3. • 1:1 * º e in our efforts or in our spirits. There will be 3: # Millions of American boys are still under arms. abundance of work to do, and specific advices 3. 3. Thousands of them are sick and wounded. will be given, but even at the moment of peace 3. 3. Owing to the shortage in shipping, it may take let no Red Cross worker falter. 3. 3. a year or more to bring our boys home from “Our spirits must now call us to show, that § 3. France But whatever the time, our protect not the roar of cannon or the blood of our own 3. 3. ing arms must be about them and their families alone directs our activities, but that a great § ; over the whole period which must elapse before people will continue to respond greatly and 3 3. the normal life of peace can be resumed. freely to its obligations and opportunity to 3. 3. “Our soldiers and sailors are enlisted until serve.” 2 § 3. § H Fºxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxº El 3 *~~~~º 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD Red Cross Greatest Exponent of Doc- trine, Says Mr. Davison, in Interview in London The London correspondent of The Chicago Daily News sent the following cablegram, under date of Nov. 12: “F u n d amentally our ideas of univer- sal brotherhood will be those of the Al- lies at the table,” said Henry P. Davison, Chair- man of the War Council of the Amer- ican Red Cross to- day. “The American peace Red Cross is writing a chapter in interna- tional history that will be a credit to the United States. Gen. Peta in has the seen in States entered the war. It is particularly agreeable to me to feel again your char- itable support at the moment when our troops, who have fought without cessa- tion for more than four years, perceive the dawn of the day when France shall be liberated and when the Allied nations shall be in full victory. in London, Facing Bank of England “I know that in addressing the Ameri- can Red Cross I speak in reality to the people of the United States. My thanks therefore go to your people and I am happy thus to have the occasion to trans- mit to them the evidence of the grateful affection of our army. “In the name of the humble ones who have been sacrificed I thank you again.” “GREATEST MOTHER” HELPS BRITISH RED CROSS DRIVE Famous American Red Cross Poster, Reproduced on Large Scale, Adorns Front of Royal Exchange ROLL-CALLPLANSMATURING Organization Work Perfected in All of the Divisions—Method of Distributing Material Plans are maturing rapidly for the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call. All divisions have advised Na- tional Headquarters that they have per- fected their organi- zation and will be ready to carry out, the ir R o 11-C all plans, be g in ning | Monday, Nov. 18. All important sup- plies and publicity material required the Ro11-Call for comm end ed work as France and has ex- pressed an intention of going to America after the war to tell the story. We feel that our organiza- tion throughout the world is demon- strating the doctrine of the brotherhood of man as no other a gency has ever done.” General Petain’s commendation, re- ferred to a b ove, was contained in the following message to the A. R. C. com- m is si on er for France: “I have just re- ceived the letter in which you announce that the Commission of the American Red Cross has voted a new credit of 10,000,000 francs in favor of the most needy families of French officers, non- commissioned officers and soldiers. “The intervention of the American Red Cross in both the material and moral do- main has not ceased to manifest itself since the great Republic of the United have been manufac- tured and shipped by the manufac- turers to the distrib- uting points. The three-point plan of distribution, so suc- cessfully used in the second w a r fund campaign is ſollowed. All portant supplies are being shipped direct to chapters from New York, Chicago and St. Louis. All shipments will have been made to chap- ters from the se being im- points by November 20. Some miscel- laneous supplies and m a ter i a 1 will be shipped direct to chapters from divi- sion headquarters and will all be on hand in ample time for use. Posters for the Roll-Call are unusu- ally attractive and are receiving many testimonials of admiration. Table-top booths are attractive and of simple con- struction. Lithographed metal buttons, with a blue rim and red cross on the white background, service window flags, and Red Cross Christmas seals will be awarded to each member enrolling. Newspapers, billboards, street and motion pictures will be utilized. cars T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 STATUE TO OUR RED CROSS Announcement of Belgian Plan to Honor American Work–Praise for Dr. Moody's Services the American Red Cross will be erected in the court of the hospital at Vinckerm, Belgium, according to a cablegram just received from Paris. The cablegram stated that Dr. L. M. Moody, A. R. C., of Logan County, Kentucky, had re- ported to the American Red Cross head- quarters in Paris after nearly a year's service with the Belgian army. Recently Dr. Moody was made chief surgeon un- der Dr. DePage, the famous surgeon in charge of the Belgian hospitals at La Panne and Vincken, which cared for 5,000 wounded during the last few weeks of the war. At a farewell reception to Dr. Moody the Belgian commandant thanked him and the American Red Cross for its great services, and repeated the statement made by King Albert, on a recent visit to the hospitals, that without American aid the Belgians could not have carried on. Dr. Moody's work is everywhere rec- ognized as particuarly valuable, and the American Red Cross organization Europe has joined with the French and Belgians in according him high praise for his devoted services. - in Greek Girls in Red Cross Service Greek girls in the uniforms of Ameri- can Red Cross nurses are now serving in º OFFICERS DIRECTING RUSSIAN HELPERS IN A. R. C. WAREHOUSE, FRANCE 785 LINING UP FOR “CHOW’’ AT LINE OF the hospitals of Greece. These girls are part of a group from New England, who, anxious to help their fellow countrymen, decided to become nursing aids. They enrolled in training courses in the Mas- sachusetts General Hospital, and other Boston hospitals, where they soon be- came proficient in their work. Recently four of them, who had practically com- pleted their courses, decided that they would like to go back to Greece with the American Mission which was just then about to leave. Through the Greek le- gation they applied for permission to go COMMUNICATION CANTEEN, FRANCE with this Mission as members of the American Red Cross. Now they are not only serving their own people, but are also creating a feel- ing in Greece which cements the long friendship of the Greek people with America. Another group of Greek girls in Bos- ton is taking up courses at Simmons College, in dietetics, domestic science, and home aid. These girls also expect shortly to sail for Greece. To Restore Louvain University At a meeting in New York on the eve of the signing of the armistice, announce- ment was made of the organization of a national committee for the restoration of the University of Louvain. The com- mittee will cooperate with citizens of 23 other nations in rebuilding the Louvain University halls and restocking as far as possible the shelves of the great library, burned, with its 300,000 volumes, by the German invaders of Belgium in 1914. In its announcement the American committee declared that the restoration will serve as a public condemnation of the German policy of terrorization, “by which it was planned that kultur be sub- stituted for European culture.” Among the members of the national committee are former Presidents Roose- velt and Taft, Cardinal Gibbons, Elihu Root, several college presidents, authors, artists, clergymen and leaders of com- merce and industry. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RE D CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUV3SCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WOODROw W: LSON. . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SkiELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. D. Avi S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How AR D TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States II ENR Y P DAVISON, Chairman CORNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. HIAR v EY ID. GIBSON John D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE - Ex Officio WILL AM How ARD TAF'r ELIOT W ADSworth. WASHINGTON, D.C., November 18, 1918 The Watchword—“Carry On” “The shouting and the tumult die.” The world recovers its shattered senses after the cessation of hostilities and the jubilation over victory for the forces of Liberty, only to have them staggered again by the swiftly moving panorama of events in the political upheaval follow- ing the silence on the battle fronts. Everything is awe-inspiring—too tremen- dous of import and too sudden of execu- tion to be grasped as reality. A future generation will read of the transformation already wrought, as calm- ly as we read the pages of history tell- ing of the rise and fall of empires and dynasties in the past. But to have had a living part in the scenes—to be onlookers not only of the greatest of all wars but of the subsequent happenings that in the literal twinkling of an eye have crumpled into dust one of the mightiest of modern empires; to behold the boastful, despot ruler over millions of human beings of yesterday the trembling fugitive today; to breathe, the atmosphere as the world passes forever from the menace of mili- tarism and autocratic power—all this seems like the roving of imagination. :: *k sk One thing brings us back to earth—the misery spread broadcast upon it. No longer dwarfed by the cannon's roar, the appeal of humanity to humanity rises and is echoed throughout the world, from the ashes and ruins of the abandoned theaters of war and from the places where the by-products of war have carried their af- flictions. Famine threatens. Desolation beyond description stupifies the vision. In the reaction from frightfulness brave hearts, that have withstood years of an- guish, are faint with a new fear. Even from the land where the frightfulness that has spread misery over the earth was conceived, which has suffered none of the horrors of invasion, comes, amid the chaos of political revolution, a plea to a merciful world to save its people from starvation. - Above the desolation that has replaced the spectacle of a world on fire an em- blem flies. It is a cross of red on a field of white. In the glowing dawn of peace it signals the suffering to keep their spirit. It calls to its own army to rally with even greater energy, now that the banners of the combatting armies are being furled, for the larger task that con- fronts the men and women who have es- caped the frightfulness inflicted upon mil- lions of their fellow creatures. The heart of America is mobilized in the organiza- tion behind it. Its message is “Aid and Cheer,” and its spirit is “Carry On.” :: ; ; To stop now the relief work that has been a sustaining arm to the forces of Freedom in the field and to the morale of the populations supporting the fight- ing men, would be to leave worse than half finished the task which Civilization faced in the beginning. The remaining obligation is obvious. - Disease must be prevented from taking abnormal toll of the human race as the successor of the instruments of war. Hundreds of thousands of children need the care that once dwelt in happy homes. In the invaded portion of France alone more than 350,000 homes have been ut- terly destroyed. And there is the human wreckage among the warriors themselves. The armistice did not evacuate the hos- pitals filled with wounded. There are battered, shell-torn bodies to be recon- structed through the wonders of modern Surgery. There are thousands upon thou- sands of men to be nursed back to health and usefulness. Also there still will be armies requiring that solicitious attention which the Red Cross has made invalu- able; for demobilization is a slow process. General Petain has stated that the army of France probably will remain under arms for a long time to come, and our own forces will be on duty abroad for many months, subject to some of the hazards that have confronted them from the first. :k ::: :k Those who have dealt with the prob- lems during the war best understand the imperative nature of the call now made upon humanity. Almost at the hour the armistice was being signed, Myron T. Herrick, our former ambassador to France, sounded an appeal to Americans to help the refugees of France. In an ad- dress last Tuesday Herbert Hoover, the American Food Administrator, said that conditions of famine exist in Europe which will be beyond our power to rem- edy, even by carrying out the plan to send 20,000,000 tons of foodstuffs from America during the next year; that in northern Russia there are 40,000,000 peo- ple who have little chance of obtaining food this winter. In the Holy Land, wrested from the Turks after years of bondage, and where the American Red Cross immediately fol- lowed the conquering armies, years of rehabilitation work 3.1°C foreseen. Throughout the countries of the Near East as well as in the vaster areas of Europe situations are presented which in- dicate how the Red Cross energies must be consecrated anew. The iron cross of imperial Germany has become anathema to the Germans themselves, revolting against the yoke of their military masters. It has been torn from the breasts of home-coming war- riors—cursed and spat upon by those taught to hold it in reverence. It will be known in history only as a relic of bar- barous militarism. The Red Cross, merciful and glorified, lives imperishable. It summons all Americans to the greater work of the fu- ture. All America may register under it at the Roll-Call of a Christmas season doubly blessed. - - Make it unanimous! T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN TOWARDS THE PEACE THAT SHALL LAST Prospectus of the After - War Activities of the American Red Cross - Department of Nursing . By JANE A. DELANO Director of the A. R. C. Department of Nursing (Fifteenth Article) Following the declaration of peace, there will be no work of the American Red Cross more important than that of the Department of Nursing. With the signing of the armistice, the war-tension of the United States is al- ready relaxing, but the people of America do not intend to settle back into the passivity that permits unsanitary living conditions (juvenile delinquency resulting from unhygienic living), evils that may be remedied and the thousand and one deteriorating influences that threaten to undermine our social structure. For the Red Cross nurse, there can be no cessation of effort, no pause in the work that goes “toward a peace that will last.” Her field of activity will increase, if such a thing is possible, rather than decline with the coming of peace. “The United States, voicing the ideals of the great liberty loving peoples of the world,” in the words of its chief-execu- tive, “stand together with other nations to wipe out the plague-spots of the world, other than Prussianism.” THE NEW SLOGAN “Making Democracy safe for the world” is the new slogan, and one that requires more than the abdication of the Kaiser. Real freedom depends to a great extent upon the physical well-being of the nation, and there can be no full and complete emancipation of the world, until organized public health service goes hand in hand with political advancement. The physicians and nurses have an im- portant rôle in the task of helping to re- build the health and morale of the in- habitants of war-scarred countries. Tu- berculosis, typhus, influenza and other dis- eases have taken their deadly toll; while malnutrition, exposure, exhaustion—those indirect results of war—will assume a terrible reality, when the thundering guns no longer demand first attention. The peace activities of the Red Cross nursing service will need as active co- operation from the nurses of America as that so freely given while the world fought. Reconstruction will be slow, it will take years. The machinery that will rebuild the world will necessarily move 13. Ore slowly than that which has so mer- cilously created chaos and desolation. It will require skill and patience, and Amer- ican nurses must share in this rebuilding. The five Bureaus of the Department will work in much the same way that they have during the war. There are still many thousand men in the military hospitals overseas, men that will be there perhaps for months longer, and they will need the American nurse as they have never needed her before. In this country, many thousand men are and will be in the cantonments until peace is an accomplished fact. FIELD REORGANIZATION The work of the Bureau of Field Activ- ity will be modified somewhat to meet changing conditions. The surgeon gen- eral of the Federal Public Health Service, has asked for the cooperation of the Red Cross in the reorganization of hospitals operating under that department. Many European countries have ex- pressed themselves as anxious to develtp training schools for nurses and nursing services in connection with their Na- tional Red Cross organizations. In view of the cordial relations existing between those countries and the United States, many of them will look to the American Red Cross for aid in the estab- lishment of these schools for their women, and in the development of suit- able organizations through which the nursing service so created may function. This will undoubtedly be true of Rus- sia, the Balkans, Poland, and other newly created republics, and Belgium, where the memory of Edith Cavell will do much to carry on the work. There will be no country in the world which will not pre- sent an opportunity for service to the American nurse who desires it. Committees have been appointed for the enrollment of Red Cross nurses in China, the Canal Zone, in the Philippine Islands, Hawaii, Korea, and there are Red Cross representatives in the Bal- kans and other countries, and will estab- lish an organization that, it is hoped, will provide for world disasters. The Red Cross Bureau of Public Health Service will be the most notice- ably affected by the return of nurses from military service, and its activities will be greatly increased in the period of read- justment which will follow the war. The Town and Country Nursing Service will be developed to the utmost. The disease and disaster in civilian communities which have accompanied the war, have disclosed the desperate need for public health service in small towns, rural communities, and out-of-the-way places. From Fort Yukon, Alaska, comes a letter that justifies, if it needed it, this service. The letter is a request for en- rollment with the Red Cross and a “spe- cial service chevron” for the one nurse in an area of 50,000 square miles. “This hospital,” writes the Archdeacon of the Yukon (Chairman of the Board of Directors), “is situated almost one mile north of the Arctic Circle, and is the most northerly hospital in all North America. It is the only place where medical relief may be obtained in some- thing like 50,000 miles of frozen winter- land. “The explorer, Stefansson, who had been lying ill at Herchel Island for two or three months with typhoid fever and resulting complications, had himself hauled 400 odd miles on a dog-sled to reach this hospital. “If it were necessary to close this in- stitution in order to win the war, or in Order that our wounded men should have proper care, I would close it without the slightest hesitation. But if it is possible that this work, so sadly needed and set on foot at so great an expense and diffi- culty, may also go on, I beg that the one graduate nurse may be distinguished from mere slackers and absentees by the award of the ‘Special Service Chevron.’” INDUSTRIAL DEMANDS. There will be calls for nurses in all branches of industrial work, in factories, mining communities, and institutions of all kinds. In foreign countries these nurses will probably be needed to co- operate in building up and establishing a Public Health Service, not only in this Country, but abroad. There will be a group of nurses especially qualified for this work, by their valuable experience gained during the last four years, and especially suited for foreign service by reason of their knowledge of foreign lan- guages and their familiarity with the spe- cial needs of the people. The awakening of the great masses of women in this country to the health (Concluded on page 8) 6 T H E H E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THIRTY THOUSAND QUERIES Bureau of Communication Answers That Number Weekly–Work Done for Prisoners The work of the Bureau of Communi- cation and the Bureau of Prisoners’ Re- lief forms the basis of the eleventh re- port of the series which the American Red Cross War Council has been mak- ing to the American people. The Bureau of Communication is providing informa- tion each week for 20,000 persons anxious to hear from relatives in our forces over- seas. In the same period 10,000 more persons are informed as to the condi- tion and whereabouts of soldiers in the training camps of the United States, a total of 30,000 que- ries received and an equal number swered by the bu- reau every S e V en an- ally for the benefit of our soldiers in Europe, the service proved so success- ful that at the request of the War De- partment it was extended to the camps and cantonments in America. Queries concerning soldiers reported missing, killed, wounded, sick or taken prisoner pour into the bureau. In most cases the procedure of supplying the in- formation is the same. The queries are forwarded to the Paris bureau of the Red Cross, where searchers in the serve ice of the organization—there are more than 100 of these workers in France at the present time—are assigned to the task of getting the information desired. When the objects of the queries are lo- cated reports are returned to Red Cross headquarters in Washington, and thence to the families who ask for the informa- tion. In cases where a soldier has merely neglected to write or has been unable to do so because of wounds or illness the Red Cross provided him with a post- card. This card, in his own handwrit- ing, will reach the family in a short time, serving further to relieve the anxiety back home. Relatives of a soldier killed in action can obtain more details of his death than are provided by the casualty reports by applying to the bureau. Where a man dies of wounds or illness the Red Cross, through its searchers, is able to convey to his family the circumstances of his passing and any message he may have left. The War Department will not per- mit the publication of a casualty report until the families of the men named in days. The Bureau of Prisoners’ Relief, the only organization authorized to aid American soldiers imprisoned be h in d the enemy lines, has been forwarding a total aver age of about $1,000 a week, money received from relatives, to prisoners of war. This bureau, in addition to for- warding money and mail to prisoners, has provided man with twenty pounds of food a week, these each a typical package containing beef, bread, pork and beans, sugar, coffee, oleonar- garine, soap, dried fruits and smoking materials. The packages, with few ex- ceptions, have reached their destinations, self-addressed cards in each parcel mak- ing it possible for the prisoner to ac- knowledge its receipt. The increase in the number of queries received each week by the Bureau of Communication, the number jumping from 3,000 early in September to 30,000 and over has reflected the steady expan- sion of the American army. When the soldiers, overseas or in this country, for one reason or another, fail to write home, anxious relatives can get in touch with them through the medium of the Red Cross Bureau. Established origin- LUNCH A LA CAFETERIA, A. R. C. LINE OF COMMUNICATION CANTEEN, FRANCE the list have been notified. As Red Cross stationed at hospitals over- seas, are instructed to forward to Wash- ington as soon as possible reports con- cerning men seriously injured, the Red Cross is often able to provide relatives of such men with additional without delay. The bureau does not wait searchers, information for an inquiry from the family of a man reported missing in action. As soon as the man’s name appears in the casualty list in this classification the bureau immedi- ately sets its machinery in motion to as- certain his fate. The family is apprised of the action that has been taken and is kept informed of the progress of the search. In the majority of cases men who have been reported missing have turned up on German prisoner lists. Whenever possible the workers of the bureau overseas pho- tograph the graves of American heroes and send the pic- tures to their rela- tives. The army has tu r n e d over the whole matter of pho- tography to the Red Cross. The bureau has also been used by anyone wishing to send a personal mes- sage to a relative or friend behind the enemy lines. The thousands of grateful letters re- ceived from persons who have been served by these two bureaus amply compensate the Red Cross for the vast amount of work involved in their maintenance. Aid for Inter-Collegiate Work The War Council of the American Red Cross has appropriated $2,000 with which to meet one-half the working expense of the Inter-collegiate Committee on Women’s War Work Abroad. This Committee is formed from the Inter- collegiate Community Service Associa- tion for the distinct purpose of recruit- ing college women for overseas duty for the Red Cross. The latter reserves the right of passing on the physical exami- nation and the loyalty papers of the candidate; otherwise the credentials of the Committee are accepted without fur- ther investigation. 7 FOR SOLDIERS IN FRANCE War Council Gives Details Regard- ing the Millions Devoted to the Care of Our Fighters The work of the American Red Cross in behalf of the American soldiers in France is the subject dealt with by the War Council in the twelfth installment of its reports. Up to June 30, 1918, the comforts provided for our fighting men in France necessitated an expenditure of $15,453,050, and plans for continuing this service during the last half of the year required an appropriation of $13,829,418. Efforts of the Red Cross in the interest of our fighting men are only intended to supplement those of the army and navy authorities in their behalf. The necessity of keep in g the Red Cross relief program in France as elastic as possible in order to meet the rapidly changing conditions in that country, w he re millions of fighting men and millions of civilians, spread over vast stretches of terri- tory, are in need of service, is made clear in the report. At the very begin- ning of its work in France the Red Cross had to solve the problem of meeting the needs of Allied fighting men already there, and of assisting in relieving the distress of the civilian populations in the war zones while making preparations for the mil- lions of American fighting men that were to conne. Long before General Pershing’s first 40,000 troops reached France the Ameri- can Red Cross had established canteens and rest stations at various strategical points between the ports of debarkation and the front line trenches where the Allied soldiers received wholesome food and had a chance to bathe and sleep in homelike surroundings on their way to and from the firing line. There are few lines of Red Cross en- deavor in France which have supplied a greater need or met with more whole- hearted approval and support by the Al- lied troops than the canteen and rest station work. Of the moneys contributed by the American people to American Red Cross activities, the sum of $1,671,- 789 was spent for canteen service be- tween March, 1918—when they were first opened—and June 30, 1918. For the six months ending December 31, 1918, the expense of this service was met out of an appropriation of $2,059,649. The canteen work in France does not end at junction points and way stations along the lines from ports through the interior; it has been carried straight through to follow the troops to the trenches. Rolling canteens and port- able kitchens, all of which are conducted by men instead of by women, have made it possible to serve cold drinks and light To finance this front-line canteen serv- ice, the sum of $905,808 has been ap- propriated for the current six months. One of the most vital features of American Red Cross work in France is the emergency aid given to the Army Medical Corps. In addition to recruiting nurses for the army, the Red Cross main- tains hospitals and dispensaries which are at the disposal of the army for any emergency that arises. There are two kinds of American Red Cross Hospitals in France—those that are part of the United States Army evacuating system, and those which are not. In the first class falls hospitals in command of army officers and manned by army personnel, but administered by the Red Cross. There are ten of these hospitals in - France. Hospitals operated indepen- AMERICAN SOLDIERS AT A. R. C. CAN TEEN AT TOURS dently by the Red Cross comprise the second class. There are fourteen of these institutions and they are known as Amer- ican Red Cross Hos- pitals to distinguish them from American Red Cross Military hospitals, the desig- nation of the former class. In addition to its 7,500 military beds, the Red Cross has 600 convalescent beds in its eight convalescent houses. Sever a 1 beautiful chateaux have been turned over to the food in summer to the troops actually in the trenches, in winter to supply these men with hot drinks and more substan- tial solids. - When orders came for the American troops to evacuate the sector at Paillart, a front-line canteen worker asked per- mission to remain for a time. When the Americans left, this man was the only American in Paillart. He fired up the rolling kitchen, found two volunteers to help him and in less time than it takes to tell it was serving hot chocolate to five hundred poilus. This kept up for day after day. In addition to the satis- faction he had of filling an urgent need, this worker was assured that his labor had put an end to an epidemic of colic which had been running wild among the poilus up to that time. Red Cross for this latter purpose. The Red Cross has made an appropriation of $5,438,919 to cover the cost of maintaining this service for wounded American soldiers during the last six months of this year. Providing special food for our sick and wounded fighting men, establishing convalescent huts where they may regain their strength and hospital farms to en- able them to keep in the open, installing laundry plants and sterilizing plants that insure them clean clothing, supplying emergency tents and hundreds of thou- sands of comfort bags—all these activi- ties are part of the additional miscel- laneous service which the Red Cross is rendering to the American soldiers in France. Reconstruction of men disabled in the service is another important activity. 8 T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN RED CROSS ORGANIZATION FACTOR IN “FLU” FIGHT Quick Response to Emergency Calls Greatly Relieved Many Critical How the American Red Cross, with its ready organization, helped in the fight against the recent epidemic of Spanish influenza, is one of the features of that memorable campaign. Reports from the various Red Cross divisions, now at hand, give interesting details concerning the work that was done. Money and per- sonal service alike were made available to meet conditions in localities where help was most needed. At the outset the War Council made a special appropria- tion of $575,000, which was placed at the disposal of division managers. In the army camps and CantonmentS the Red Cross Department of Military Relief made records in speed and effi- ciency. The supplies furnished to camp hospitals by the Red Cross in response to emergency calls included bed sheets, towels, masks, wash cloths, handker- chiefs, pillow cases, pajamas, pillows, paper napkins, paper cups, as well as whatever medical supplies were needed. Some chapters worked all day Sunday and others worked at night to turn out these supplies. In one city 2,000 pairs of pajamas were turned out in less than thirty-six hours through the joint cooper- ation of the local chapter and local manu- facturers. In some camps the spacious Red Cross houses were turned into dor- mitories for the staff of volunteer nurses as well as guest houses to receive the relatives of the sick who had been sum- moned to their bedside. GAVE HUMAN TOUCH In many cases the handling of these relatives, panic stricken and in tears, was a far graver problem than procuring and arranging for the emergency nursing of the victims themselves. It was here that the Red Cross furnished , the human touch. Sympathy and personal attention was soon widened to include shelter, food and transportation. A free canteen was set up at the Red Cross houses where steaming coffee and fresh sandwiches were served at all hours of the night. A worker in one of the divisions tells the following story: “One day it was part of my work to have to tell five inquiring mothers in succession that they were too late—that their boys had died before they were able to reach the camp. “A poor old couple tottered into camp established. nurses were recruited in less than two Situations Throughout Country at 2 o'clock one morning. I found them bewildered, clutching the inevitable tele- gram. I looked up the case. They were too late. I told them so as gently as I could. It was too much for the dear old lady. She just swayed into my arms. “I picked her up, carried her to a place where I could sit down, and there, with the husband dazedly watching, I nursed her to sleep. - “At five o’clock I put them on their train for home. Their ticket was bought with Red Cross money; they had none of their own left.” The Department of Civilian Relief in the various chapters made a survey of the local nursing resources and of the hospital supplies on hand. Emergency hospitals were immediately set up and equipped, and when volunteers were not cufficient to meet the local needs, a nurse recruiting and placing bureau was quickly In one division over 300 weeks, and altogether some 600 assign- ments were made. PUBLICITY GREAT AID The Publicity Department of Red Cross chapters did splendid work in warning the people through newspapers, hand-bills, letters, etc. Nearly a million copies of the leaflet, “Spanish Influenza,” were rushed to the chapters. In some places “flu” leaflets were folded into each evening paper, thus reaching practically every home with minimum effort. In many instances food was prepared in some central place and carried in re- tainers and thermos bottles to the sick. Canteens were opened in the temporary hospitals to furnish the nursing and ex- ecutive staffs with hot food. At the nation’s capital, where the un- usual congestion of thousands of military and civilian workers made coliditions un- usually difficult and dangerous, the work of the local Red Cross chapter and Aux- iliaries will long be remembered. The Red Cross Motor Corps put themselves in readiness for day and night calls. No matter what the hour or weather, those women were on the job. That their service was appreciated by the Bureau of Public Health Service is shown in a letter written by Surgeon General Rupert Blue. This letter, addressed to the National Director of Motor Service of the Ameri- can Red Cross, reads in part: 6 & — I desire to express to you how much the Public Health Service has appreciated the aid given to it during the epidemic of influenza in Washington by the Washington Woman's Red Cross Motor Corps. The successful handling of the situation has been in no small measure furthered by the whole-hearted work of this corps and that the death rate was not higher was certainly due in some measure to the self-sacrificing ef- forts of this corps.” Towards the Peace That Shall Last (Concluded from page 5) needs of their families, and the con- sciousness of their own ability to meet emergency needs with the assistance of graduate nurses, will increase the demand for Red Cross courses of instruction. The recent epidemic has demonstrated as never before that women must be taught to rely upon themselves in the care of their families in emergencies. Trained assistants, or nurses’ aids, may probably be used in Public Health activ- ities, social service work, dispensaries, and in hospitals for convalescents and chronics, under the supervision of gradu- ate nurses. The Red Cross is recognized as the official agent for the preparation of such aids. Teaching centers for this purpose have already been established in connection with many Red Cross Chap- ters, and the work is being extended to foreign countries—France, Italy, and the Balkans—and translations, and modified courses based on the Red Cross text- book “Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick” are being prepared for Porto Rico, Korea, and China, where classes of native women will be instructed in the first prin. ciples of hygiene. The War Department has looked al- most exclusively to the Red Cross to sup- ply dietitians in military and cantonment hospitals, and there will probably con- tinue a need for this service after the war. The Bureau of Dietitian Service will no doubt run along the same lines as the Bureau of Field Nursing and the Bureau of Public Health Nursing, as our dieti- tians have demonstrated not only in this country, but in Europe as well, the value of this professional service. - The results of the work now being done by the Bureau of Nursing Survey will make it possible for the Red Cross to utilize the results for future needs, and will place on file the nursing re- sources of the country. HY 575 * The R Zº Vol. II TO SPEED THE HOME-GOING Military and Civilian Relief Depart- ments Ready to Meet Wants of Soldiers From the Camps Orders went out from the War De- partment to all the camps and canton- ments in the United States last week to discharge the soldiers therein as fast as the medical examinations and railroad fa- ºnallie ©- * Cross Bulletin and destination. A railroad fare of two- thirds the regular coach rate, in most instances two cents a mile, will be granted to the returning soldiers, the railroad tickets to be purchased on the spot and to be non-transferable. It is estimated that the troops will be sent home at the rate of about 500 a day from each of the camps and cantonments. At that rate it will take about two months to complete the demobilization. - WASHINGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER 25, 1918 MERCY'S ARMY PERPETUAL Eliot Wadsworth, in Philadelphia Ad- dress, Declares that Spiritual Movement Must Not Cease “The great Red Cross army of mercy which this war has called into being must never be demobilized,” said Eliot Wads- worth, acting chairman of the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross, CHIEF EXECUTIVES OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS DEPARTMENT OF NURSING Left to right-Henriette S. Douglas, director Bureau of Nurses Aids; Katrina Hertzer, Navy nurse; Anna Reeves, chief clerk; Jane A. Delano, director Department of Nursing: Clara D. Noyes, director Bureau of Field Nursing; Elizabeth G. Fox, director Public Health Nursing Service; Alva A. George, director Bureau of Dietitian Service. - cilities for carrying the men to their homes or places of induction will permit. Contemporaneously instructions out from National Red Cross headquar- ters to all the divisions to have the can- teen and home service workers prepared to minister to the needs and comfort of Went the soldiers on their homeward way. Every soldier will be paid in full at the time of discharge, with an additional allowance of three and one-half cents a mile to cover the distance between camp The Red Cross Canteen Service has been put in readiness to extend courte- sies to the men en route from camp to home on the same scale that has charac- terized the activities incident to mobiliza- tion. By special direction the canteens at all important points are to be decorated in honor of the boys who have been in the country's service, and at the more important points the canteens will be kept open all night. (Concluded on page 8) in an address delivered at the Red Cross mass meeting in the Philadelphia Acad- emy of Music, Thursday, November 21, The address follows: “We who have worked heart and soul in the Red Cross ever since the war be- gan are thinking and wondering as to the future of this great spontaneous spiritual movement. That the Red Cross should stop, or that this spirit should die away, is unbelievable. The intense sympathy of America for suffering humanity will T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN not cease with the coming of peace. Where suffering exists, there America will go with an open hand, asking no re- turn except the satisfaction of having helped. This is the foundation of the American Red Cross. And it is through the machinery offered by the Red Cross in every city, town and hamlet, that the people have expressed themselves. “The huge world conflagration of strife brought this spirit into action. The con- flagration is dying down and soon only the smoldering embers will be left. To rebuild the wreckage of humanity and re- place the homes and industries, will be the proud privilege of each nation which has suffered. As the nations have struggled to excel on the battlefield, so now they will struggle in the work of reconstruc- tion which faces them. As during the war the Red Cross supplemented and met the emergency needs of the great war ma- chine, so in this reconstruction the Red Cross may be called upon as special emergencies arise. “Very likely the problems of feeding and clothing the afflicted and distressed peoples of Europe will be of such mag- nitude that they can only be handled by governmental action, but there can be no question that in the process of re- building this war-swept world grave emergencies will arise. These will re- quire instant action on the part of volun- teer civilian agencies able to cut red tape and achieve instant results. Herein will lie the opportunity of the American Red Cross. - “The rise of our Red Cross has been one of the wonders of the war. The largest Red Cross activity in the War, outside of the United States, has been that of Great Britain which in a period of four and a half years has raised some- thing over $60,000,000 for its work—and has done a notable work. But through our Red Cross the American people have in a period of one and a half years con- tributed more than $300,000,000 in money in addition to an amount of voluntary service almost beyond imagination. “Here was a true revelation of the real America, a concrete expression of the idealism and fine spirit of sacrifice and sympathy which underlies our na- tional life. “Our Red Cross has not alone called into being a wonderful force among our own people; we have both helped win the war and to relieve the suffering inci- dent to it. when the full story is told of what the American people have done in this war through their Red Cross, I believe our people will experience as thrill of pride which will but renew our ambition for greater service and helpful- ness to civilization. “The development of the Red Cross has shown us something in our national life the magnitude of which we had no previous conception. But now having seen it visualized and made real, we can not but feel that this great moral and spiritual force must be kept alive. This is something which the members of the Red Cross must consider their sacred mission to nurture and develop. In the new world into which we are now emerg- ing, the idea of service ought and, I be- lieve will be the main goal of human achievement and one of the chief aims of our Red Cross will be to develop and afford means of giving expression to that ideal. “It is to be hoped that this great war will have been the end of all wars. It may be that we are now entering an era “When the drum beat throbs no longer, And the battle flags are furled, In the parliament of man, The Federation of the world.” “If that be true, the need for the Red Cross on the battlefield and among the wounded behind the lines will rapidly decline. But, in the upward march of civilization, and as the result of inevita- ble fire, of pestilence, of disaster, as a consequence of the ignorance of man concerning the laws of health and methods of preventing epidemics, there will continue to be sickness and suffer- ing. Not armies, but peoples and na- tions will suffer scars and wounds. To bind such wounds, to heal the sick, to protect the suffering, will continue to afford a field for the American people to serve through their American Red Cross. “We have only to recall the recent forest fires of Minnesota, the influenza epidemic in this country, or the terrible disaster at Perth Amboy, to realize how imminent may be the demand for our work. The great army of mercy which this war has called into being must never be demobilized. It must be always ready. “It may or may not be wise for this country ultimately to adopt a plan of universal military service, but there can be no question whatever that there should continue to be exerted universal effort on the part of the whole American people in the service of mankind.” A school for the blind soldiers of Northern France has been opened at Lille by the Permanent Blind Relief War Fund for Soldiers and Sailors, an American institution which has recently given $100,000 to the American Red Cross for the American blind. The American Red Cross canteen must stay “over there” until the last American fighter is back in the U. S. A. Workers Enrolled for Canteen and Hostess Duty have a Club in Glasgow, where they Entertain their Guests, mostly American Soldiers. R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN WANT GREATER RED CROSS Mr. Persons, in five Weeks' Trip, Found Country Eager to “Carry On” as Throughout the War “Peace means only greater work to do than ever, in the opinion of Red Cross workers throughout the country,” says W. Frank Persons, Director General of Civilian Relief, who has just completed a five weeks' tour of the divisions west of the Mississippi River. “While everyone feels that some modi- fication may be necessary, due to the change from a war to a peace basis, still they expect that the work that must now be undertaken promises to be even greater in volume and perhaps even in importance. They feel that it is both a privilege and an opportunity to do for the stricken countries of the world whatever America and the American Red Cross can legitimately undertake. Es- pecialy is this true when it comes to the welfare of the families of our soldiers and sailors. There is an absolute con- viction in every chapter that I visited, and every division headquarters, that we must stand by the families of our fighting men as long as they may need our help. In fact, everywhere that I went, I found the deepest conviction of the importance of Home Service work, and its increasing relative importance now that the thrill of warfare has disappeared and there has come the reaction due to the expectation of demobilization. “Home Service has become a regular service in practically every chapter west of the Mississippi. The workers are re- sourceful to a degree; they are tremend- ously in earnest; are anxious to do every- thing they can for the families of our men; and are applying Home Service ideals in a very practical fashion. The Home Service Institute is very popular west of the Mississippi, and the chapters appreciate keenly the importance of hav- ing trained, experienced workers in charge of Home Service work. In the Northwestern Division the purpose is to have one institute graduate, or more, in each chapter, and they are making splen- did progress in that direction. “At Santa Barbara, California, Home Service has an interesting little house of its own built on a lot adjacent to the chapter headquarters. The house was built in two days by volunteer labor. The Santa Barbara people contributed the ma- terial. It is a bungalow, fitted through- out with natural redwood. As in prac- Mrs. James Gardiner, head of American Women's Visiting Committee and Red Cross Chaplain calling on American wounded—Glasgow tically every other place I went in the West, the business office was separated from the reception rooms and there was the utmost privacy about the visits of families to talk over their affairs. “In many places in the West influenza is still raging and I had to wear a mask even on the street the entire time I was in San Francisco. In spite of the in- fluenza handicap Red Cross workers were ‘carrying on everywhere. In fact, Home Service Sections assumed an extra bur- den and cooperated with other depart- ments in fighting the plague. “I have come back with new inspira- tion. It is inspiring to meet with such enthusiasm and such a vital interest as I found everywhere that I went, and I have come back with the firm conviction that the future of the Red Cross is secure because everywhere Red Cross workers are eager and ready for an even greater and bigger Red Cross.” Thanksgiving for Our Wounded Paris, Nov. 20.-Wounded American soldiers are to be the guests of the American Red Cross on Thanksgiving afternoon at one of the largest theaters in Paris. The Red Cross has bought the house for the matinee, and special musi- cal numbers that will appeal to the boys from the United States are to be inter- polated in the regular revue. Before go- ing to the theater the soldiers will par- take of an old-fashioned American Thanksgiving dinner. SOLDIERS’CHRISTMASCARDS Red Cross Supplies Means by Which Boys Abroad May Send Greet- ings to Folks at Home Every American soldier in France is to have the opportunity of sending Christmas greetings to relatives and friends in this country through the me- dium of Christmas cards to be provided by the American Red Cross. More than 2,000,000 of these cards, which are origi- nal in design and typically American in spirit, have been forwarded to France and will be distributed by Red Cross workers to our fighting men in time to permit their return to this country for the Christmas celebration. The distribution of these cards will solve the problem of how the soldiers overseas are going to remember the folks back home at Christmas time. Many let- ters received by the Red Cross from men in France show that the soldiers have been giving much thought to this question. As military and postal regula- tions will make it difficult for them to send gifts of any kind from the other side, the Christmas cards will be doubly welcome. Some of the best known ar- tists in the country contributed the card designs to the Red Cross. St. Dunstan's, in London, the world's leading institution for the blind, cares for the sightless soldiers of eight nations. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CRoss BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUV3SCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooD Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President. John Skelton WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor , , , e. e. e. e. • * * Secretary Stockton AxSON. . . . . WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P DAvison, Chairman CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, JR. II AR v EY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE - Ex Officio WILL AM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH WASHINGTON, D. C., November 25, 1918 Thanksgiving, 1918 There is so much to be thankful for on the day set apart for national thanks- giving—so obvious are the things which evoke the prayers and gratitude of the American people this year—that to call attention to them is superfluous. This year, however, a festival of American tradition and growth takes on an inter- national significance, just as our National Independence Day was made an occa- sion of world-wide rejoicing in Liberty's name through the celebrations in many foreign capitals last July. When the members of the American colonies abroad assemble on Thursday to give thanks according to custom, the spirit and the heart of the countries of their tem- porary residence will be with them in ex- pression as well as thought. America, which has been a source of new inspira- tion to the rest of civilization, might well give permanent establishment to two holidays that would be as embracing as Christmas. One sentence in President Wilson's Thanksgiving proclamation strikes a chord that should find a special response in the heart of every member of the American Red Cross: - . “A new day shines about us, in which our hearts take new courage and look forward with new hope to new and greater duties.” There words are addressed to the American people as a whole; but the American spirit is the Red Cross spirit, and the limits of America's population are now the logical limits of the Red Cross organization. The obligations of the future will find their largest expres- sion through much of the work which the Red Cross is destined to carry on. It is a work in which every American man and woman should share. As mem- bers of the Red Cross every one can. In the Holy Land Among the features of the victory won by enlightened civilization in the world war is the redemption of the Holy Land. This righting of one of the most stu- pendous anomalies of all time is thor- oughly consistent with the outcome of a conflict which went to the root of hu- man oppression. Peace and happiness are destined to reign henceforth in the part of the world that has been the cradle of idealism. But before that peace and happiness can be fully consummated the physical suffering, caused by the war situation that prevailed before the English mili- tary forces drove the Turks out and put an end to persecution must be relieved. The American Red Cross sent its work- ers into Palestine in the wake of the con- quering British army, and they at once set themselves to the task of rehabilita- tion, the fighting of disease and the in- spiring of a new hope in the breasts of the people. Much has been done in a comparatively few months along this line. Much—very much—remains to be done. A report received from the American Red Cross Commission for Palestine gives interesting details of the work al- ready accomplished. This report has been condensed for the benefit of Red Cross men and women at home, and the first of two sections is printed in this number of The Bulletin. It will be read with all the more interest because of the sentiment which in this particular case is joined to the natural sympathy for an afflicted people. It will serve, also, as an index to one field of that greater work which faces the Red Cross. IN THE MIDST OF THEM —— By MARGARET BELL MERRILL “The Americans were greatly surprised to see a number of little children kneel in the street as }. flag was carried by.”—Cablegram from Q?"1S. Why so patient, standing there, Edouard and small Pierre, Georges, Yvette, and Marie-Claire? “When the troops come marching by,” (Quoth the small Pierre) “Mother, wilt thou lift me high, That we may see them, thou and I?” “Mother, are they fair to see?” (A busy tongue—Pierre) “Have they little boys like me, Left at home across the sea?” (Alas! Alas! Pierre) “Mother, we have waited long”; (Long, indeed, Pierre!) “The sun has grown so hot and strong— Surely none has done them wrong?” (God forbid! Pierre) “Mother, who did send them here?” (The gift of God, Pierre) “But then there is no need of fear, And on thy cheek I see a tear.” (The tears of hope, Pierre) Down the boulevard a cry— A bugle note is flung on high— The Stars and Stripes are passing by “The gift of God,” quoth small Pierre; His hat on breast, his curls are bare. He knelt upon the pavement there. (Five young children kneeling there— Georges, Yvette, and Marie-Claire, . Edouard and small Pierre.) “Fairest flag of Liberty, Carrying hope across the sea— A little child has hallowed thee, And made of thee a prayer!” Parties for Men in Hospital The A. R. C. Woman’s Club, of Wash- ington, has extended its program of “good times” to include the wounded men from Walter Reed Hospital. An informal dance opened a series of parties in honor of men taking the reconstruc- tion courses at the hospital. The guests of the first party, 30 “arm cases,” ad- mitted a unanimous curiosity as to the possibility of manoeuvering a one-armed one-step. Judged by the hilarity attend- ing the experiment, the result was per- fectly satisfactory. Supper rivalled danc- ing in the men's enthusiasm, and the Motor Corps contributed their bit by maintaining transportation service be- tween the club and the hospital. The American Red Cross Bureau of Tuberculosis has given aid to 382 hos- pitals in France since November, 1917. THE RED C R O S S B UL LET IN THE NURSING SITUATION-THANKSGIVING, 1918 The Season Suggests Deeper Appreciation of the Nurses' Work, and Calls - Attention to the Future By JANE A. DELANO Director of the A. R. C. Department of Nursing. (Sixteenth Article) “Why should I be willing to face less for my country than our soldiers in France?” - This has been the answer which Amer- ican nurses have made to the hardships, the drudgery, the danger, and the fright- fulness of war. Without thought of self, unhesitatingly, and without regret, over 33,000 graduate nurses have said to the American Red Cross: “We are ready; use us!” and have offered their services to win the war. - The year through which the country has just passed, has taxed the strength and the resources of every individual to the utmost. There has been no demand, however, more insistent than the call for nurses to care for the troops in France; for the millions of men mobilized for training in the cantonments here in this country; and for the 100,000,000 civilians at home, who are subject both to or- dinary ills, and to the additional danger of disease and accident due to the abnor- mal conditions under which we have been living. - When the United States entered th war in April, 1917, there were 8,015 grad- uate nurses enrolled in the Red Cross; in January, 1918, there were 16,215—a fifty per cent increase; and at Thanksgiving, 1918, more than 33,000 Red Cross Nurses have volunteered for military and Home Defense duty. - Over 9,000 graduate nurses are in Eu- rope today, largely in the military estab- lishments in France, working sometimes 16 to 18 hours daily, giving to the ut- most of their skill, their womanliness, even their lives, almost total forgetful- ness of self. “Nothing is menial, now, that means service,” wrote a front-line nurse. “We’ve scrubbed floors and will do it again, if need be.” Not only for foreign service, but at home, the nurses of the country have answered the call. The epidemic of Span- ish influenza which has swept over the country, has had a casualty list of over 75,000. Yet with over 20,000 nurses al- ready on duty, more than 12,917 graduate nurses, nurses’ aids, and volunteers were assigned during the period of the epi- demic by the American Red Cross to help fight the disease. - In military cantonments, for a while the situation looked almost as though it would go beyond control. In Camp Dodge, Iowa, where the epidemic was especially serious, the nursing power rose from 242 on the first day of Octo- ber to 520 on duty the 14th. “We have trebled our nursing force within two weeks,” reports Major Burch, who was stationed at Camp Dodge, “and practically all of them have been as- signed through the Red Cross.” The spirit of “We’re in it, 'til it's over!” which has characterized the entire coun- try, echoed in the response of the nurses who “packed up their kits” and went as gallantly into the coalfields and mining centers to fight the contagion, as into the Lven where hospital facilities Camps. were available, the spread of the disease has been appalling. At Wilkesbarre, Pa., in the coal regions, an Emergency Hos- pital was established in the Armory, un- der the supervision of the local Red Cross Chapter. “For two days,” reports Mrs. Gertrude Williamson, a Red Cross nurse, who was put in charge of the hospital, “volunteers mostly from Red Cross classes in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick worked like beavers, cutting draw sheets, making beds (army cots), scrubbing hat-racks to serve as linen shelves, and cleaning camp- chairs to be used for bed-side tables. The Armory was scrubbed from roof to base- ment, and four wards partitioned off with beaver board, and lavatories and sinks in- stalled in the only available room. “The Red Cross Canteen Service took entire charge of the basement kitchen, and with a few paid employees, but mostly volunteers, served all the food to the four nurses, the physicians, the or- derlies, 50 patients, and the members of the National Guard, who were always on duty, besides sending out food, broths mostly, to over 150 families daily, who because of the ‘flu" had no one well enough even to feed them.” In small towns, where there were rarely any hospital facilities at all, the emer- gency was met in an equally efficient way. In Watkins, a small town in New York State, the Red Men offered the use of their hall to the local Red Cross chapter as an emergency hospital, and it was im- mediately accepted. The problem of equipment presented a grave difficulty, but each house-wife sent over whatever she could spare—a cot, a pair of sheets, a blanket. In the same way, the kitchen was supplied, and the principal of the High School, released for the period of the contagion, took complete charge of the preparation of the diets. In France, even though the order has been “cease firing,” there should be no cessation of effort, but rather the oppo- site. . * “Although the armistice has been signed,” Surgeon General Ireland said, before a meeting of the Woman’s Ad- visory Committee at National Headquar- ters, November 19th, “there will be as great a need for nurses in France this winter as last year. There will inevitably be much sickness among our troops, bil- letted in France, for they do not seem to make provision as we do against the cold. Also, our men will not be anticipa- ting battle and victory, and will still need the encouragement of the American Red Cross.” ... " With the abating of the epidemic—itself a national catastrophe-and with the guns silenced on the battlefields of Europe, and the prospect of an early peace within sight, Thanksgiving this year will take on a deeper significance than ever. Hitherto, it has been only national. The spark of freedom and self-government, however, which the founders of this na- tion strove to preserve on that last Thurs- day of November, 1621, has grown into a flame that has swept over the entire world. With peace comes the realization of our debt to the men who have ac- complished this ideal, and to the women who have shared the danger and hard- ship of their service. It must be more than a time. for Thanksgiving, however. The responsibil- ity to carry to completion the work al- ready crowned with victory still rests in large part on the nurses of America. She is still “the Most Needed Woman in the World,” for there is much for the nurses and physicians of the country to do along instructive and admministrative lines to help make possible the physical well- being of the world. A canteen organized in one of the French ports will serve sandwiches, hot- drinks and “smokes” to home-bound American soldiers. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN RED CROSS IN PALESTINE Progress of Work from Its Begin- ning Shown in Report by The American Commission SECTION I. A report covering the Red Cross work in Palestine from June 24th, the date of the arrival of the Red Cross Commission in Jerusalem, to August 19th, has re- cently been received at Red Cross Head- quarters. The report is signed by Dr. John H. Finley, head of the Palestine Commission, and Commissioner for the Near East. - “On my arrival,” Dr. Finley writes, “I found the entire company temporarily shut away by a wall and made into a dining room or refectory, while the transepts have, by like per- mission, been put to other beneficent use. “The Commissioner and three Deputy Commissioners have quarters in the American school of Archaeology not far away, and a few other members have rooms elsewhere in the city, but all come together at least once a day in the ‘com- mons,' where a great United States flag hangs amidst figures of saints on the walls and of angels on the ceiling.” A description of the buildings follows. The Administration Building, known as the “Lord Bute House,” was the first to be put in order, and was formally opened excellent work, especially in blood exam- inations for malaria and relapsing fever. “The first ministry,” the report con- tinues, “was that of giving medical atten- tion to the refugees from the zone of ac- tive fighting, who had been gathered in various buildings and vacant spaces in and about Jerusalem. The British medi- cal officer who had come to Jerusalem two or three days after its occupation, warmly welcomed all the aid the Com- mission could give. The Military Gover- nor, who is taking the most intelligent and effective interest in the care of the refugees, has authorized the Red Cross to undertake social and educational work in these centers and to send nurses, sanitary experts and housed in buildings of the Rus- sian Compound, living as real ‘pilgrims’ of days before the war. They were occupying tem- porarily, as living quarters, buildings that would ultimately be used by the Red Cross as hospital, laboratory and ad- ministration buildings, await- ing the renovation of the Hos- pice itself, where most of the company were to be perma- nently lodged. “During the days and weeks of renovation and preparation the members of the unit all but literally ‘camped out,” using the great central corridor of the hos- pital as a mess hall, and the wards and even the roofs as sleeping quarters. The military authorities forwarded with great promptness the shipments of equipment and supplies, even to their own incon- venience; and every member of the company, not in actual service as doc- tor or nurse, gave willing and helpful hand in installing the supplies and su- perintending the renovation. Those who knew Arabic were especially help- ful in directing the native laborers, who carried loads that made one give new credence to the stories of Samson. “A few days after August 1st, our liv- ing quarters were transferred to the old Russian Hospice which has become, for a time, an American Hospice in Jeru- salem,” its rooms bright with oriental colors, but brighter with pictures and other mementos of scenes and persons dearest in America. The chapel in the midst of this two-story quadrangular building has been closed, since there are no longer Russian pilgrims to worship there, but the long and wide nave, by per- mission of the Greek church, has been “ON THE JOB!”—PALESTINE on July 4th. The hospital, formerly used for Russian pilgrims, will accommodate fifty patients. The laboratory, a long, low building at the side of the hospital was thoroughly renovated, and already doing social workers in to assist the doctors in making the lives of these people more comfort- able and healthful in their time of exile. There are ten such centers in and about Jerusalem, in which the ser- vice is being organized (the buildings named being no longer put to their former | uses): Bishop Gobat's School, | Holy Cross Convent, Greek Boys’ School, Greek Girls’ School, Greek Hospital, Cita- del of David, Franciscan Mon- astery near Bethany, Buchar- lea, Carmelite Convent, Rus- sian Sisters—the two last on the Mount of Olives. “Three doctors, in addition to visiting these refugee centers, go to hospitals, orphanages, and other such places in - WORK-SEEKERS AT A. R. C. EMPLOYMENT BUREAU-JERUSALEM T H E R E D C R O S S BULLET IN 7 and around Jerusalem. One goes to in- stitutions in and about Bethlehem. There is no more helpful ministry back of the lines than this service to refugees. It is regretted that it can not reach every village directly touched by the war. “In anticipation of the opening of the central American Red Cross Hospital in Jerusalem, a dispensary has been opened primarily for children, to be transferred to a building lately occupied by the S. & P. R. Committee. In addi- tion to the general dispensary, clinics for children will be organized, and hospital facilities provided for a few. One of our nurses has been called to direct the nurs- ing service of the Government Hospital in Jerusalem, and has already received high praise from the authorities for her work. - “Medical service has also been or- ganized in four centers outside of Jeru- salem, beside a refugee camp about thirty miles away and not far from the coast. These four centers are: “1. Medjel, where we have one doctor who is in charge of established hospital there, but who is planning mobile service among the villages of that district as soon as he can have release from this superintendency. “2. Remleh, where one doctor has or- ganized and developed a clinic in the newly established Government Hospital, with dispensaries both at Remleh and Ludd, two small cities of about 7,000 population each, three miles apart, hav- ing no other medical service than that which he is giving with the aid of a nurse and a social worker. “3. Jaffa, where a nurse has been made temporarily superintendent of the In- fectious Disease Hospital awaiting re- lief from Egypt. Her service has al- ready invited the most favorable com- ment by the government. - “4. Ram Allah, up toward the front, where Colonel Ward is organizing clinics in an improvised hospital, formerly an American school, under the direction of one of his old medical pupils at Beirut, with one of the unit as social worker. “But the most extensive outside work during the opening weeks has been at Wadi Surar, in Western Palestine, where two thousand or more refugees are gathered out on the plain and cared for until it is possible for them to return to their homes—a camp which is also a halfway station for the Armenians who are en route in their pilgrimage of suf- fering to their permanent camp at Port Said.” - - - At Wadi Surar are stationed a sani- tary engineer, and three social workers, and a school of six or seven hundred native children has been organized. At Port Said, where over 5,000 Arme- nians are gathered, the Commission has assumed certain responsibilities, particu- larly the direction of industrial work and vocational training, at the request of General Allenby. It is to take charge of the distribution of clothing and pro- vide a supplementary diet, the govern- ment furnishing basic rations and the Armenian society providing the elemen- tary education and contributing toward the charity fund with the S. & P. R. Fund and the Red Cross. - “Two hundred Armenian orphans,” the report continues, “are about to go to this camp from the temporary or- phanage in Jerusalem. The Commis- sion has taken special interest in these children, who are under the care of Madame Archerouni, a very capable woman of Armenian origin. Gifts for each child, useful for their journey into further exile, have been made. Several of the older children have written let- ters telling of their experience of the last four years.” . . (To be concluded.) Contributions to War Work Fund Every member of the National Head- quarters organization of the American Red Cross contributed to the United War Work Fund, the amount realized from this source being $9,623. The 1,353 em- . ployees, who made this one hundred per cent record possible; contributed an aver- age of $7.13 a person, many members of the organization at headquarters made additional contributions to the fund through agencies in their home cities. From the outset of the campaign every one connected with Red Cross headquar- ters worked enthusiastically to swell the fund needed by the seven recreational organizations. Sell Potatoes for Memorial Fund Red Cross barrels stood in the halls of the Onancock, Virginia, high school this fall. Not for peach stones this time, but for perfectly good potatoes. Each pupil wheedled a potato or two from the barrel at home to fill the barrel at school. The sale of the collection realized twenty-five dollars toward a memorial for the boys of the Onancock High School who have given their lives in the country's service. FOR CHILDREN OF FRANCE Returning Red Cross Worker Tells of Some of Tasks Undertaken By Important Bureau Dr. O. H. Sellening, of Columbus, Ohio, has returned from France after a year’s service with the Children’s Bureau of the American Red Cross. Dr. Sellen- ings' headquarters in recent months has been in Marseilles. Previous to that he accompanied the original Red Cross Commission to Italy as medical repre- sentative of the Children's Bureau. Aside from the traveling exhibits through which thousands of people have been reached in the cities of southern France, the chief work of the Bureau has been the establishment of créches, where the children can be cared for while the mothers are at work, and the opening of children’s dispensaries where they can re- ceive the proper medical attention. “If the mother knew her child was be- ing well cared for,” said Dr. Sellening, “she could turn out more shells in the munition plant, and if the soldier at the front knew that his children were being properly fed and looked after, he was a better fighter. It helped infinitely to boost the morale of the French soldier.” The policy of the bureau is dictated largely by local conditions. “Lyon, for instance,” said Dr. Sellening, “is thor- oughly modern and comparatively clean, while Marseilles is sadly in need of a general cleaning up.” Obviously, sanitation is one of the chief problems of relief work in the latter case. This is taught in the homes through the work of the Children's Bureau. Five dispensaries have been in opera- tion in Marseilles. Some of these were already in existence before the war, but now lacked both staff and resources. The Red Cross stepped in and furnished both. Another interesting work of the Amer- ican Red Cross in Marseilles was to centralize the already existing charities. “There were all nationalities and every religious sect represented, and all were at variance,” said Dr. Sellening, “and it was our job to get them working more efficiently and in accord.” Dr. Sellening therefore at once set about establishing an Office Centrale to act as clearing-house for all relief work in the city of Mar- seilles. The chief dispensary occupied the old Roman ruins and on the opening day more than a hundred and fifty chil- dren applied for medical aid. 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN POSTERS FOR ROLL-CALL Noted American Artists Give Their Best Effort in the Cause of Universal Membership America’s foremost artists have con- tributed posters for the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call, the week of De- cember 16-23, assuring a pictorial ap- peal of the most effective character in this effort to enroll the entire American people as members of the Red Cross. Edwin Blashfield, the eminent mural painter, devoted eight weeks to the prep- aration of the poster he contributed. The original painting, which is valued at $10,000, is to hang in the American Red Cross building in Washington. The pos- ter typifies the underlying theme of the Christmas Roll-Call. Two figures, one Columbia and the other representing the spirit of the Red Cross, beckon the peo- ple to a scroll whereon they are to en- roll their names. Underneath the Red Cross on this scroll is the inscription: “Where Columbia Sets Her Name Let Every One of You Follow Her.” In the Jessie Willcox Smith poster the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call will pre- sent one of the finest studies of child life ever painted. It is a window scene which it is hoped will be reproduced in every home in the country. A little boy is fixing a Red Cross service flag in his window to indicate that his home is 100 per cent enrolled. A Christmas wreath is suspended above. Miss Smith set aside all her regular orders and work to pro- duce this poster for the Red Cross. The Christmas spirit is dominant in the poster painted by Ray Greenleaf. This poster has more text than the others, but the pictorial effect is not in the least ob- scured. Against a blue sky are shown a home and evergreen trees heavily mantled in snow. The smoke from the chimney suggests a cheery interior while in the window may be seen the Red Cross Service Flag. A large Red Cross and the lettering: “Answer the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call. All you Need is a Heart and a Dollar,” drive home the ap- peal. . The three remaining posters are adap- tations of posters used in the last war fund campaign. “The Greatest Mother in the World,” Foringer's poster, is to be used in the Roll-Call with the cross to her right instead of squarely at her back. This is in keeping with the deci- sion not to obscure the cross in any pic- torial work. . - - Harrison Fisher’s nurse with the query, “Have You Answered the Red Cross Christmas Roll Call?” proved so popular that, with a few changes, it was found admirable for the annual membership en- rollment. One of the best photographs ever made of President Wilson served as the model for the sixth poster. He looks directly at YOU and his invitation: “I summon you to the comradeship,” will evoke a sympathetic response in millions of men and women. - Thousands of these posters have been printed and distributed for display the week before Christmas. The bare out- line here given conveys no adequate idea of their beauty in the wealth of colors employed in reproducing them. To Speed the Home-Going (Concluded from page 1) The Home Service sections at all points where returning soldiers transfer or stop for any length of time, will cooperate with the Canteen Service. As soon as the decision to rush demobilization was known the Civilian Relief Department ordered printed enough pamphlets, en- titled “When You Go Home” to put a copy in the hands of every soldier in the camps. These pamphlets are designed to inform the enlisted men regarding the service that is at their command with reference to family affairs and in lighten- ing any troubles that may be presented in connection with their domestic life. The booklet will serve the same ends that were sought in connection with the one entitled “Before You Go,” which was dis- ributed to the men of the last draft on the eve of their departure to don the uniform. “When You Go Home” also will be distributed to the troops from abroad as fast as they arrive in America from over- SeaS. Military commanders at the various camps have been ordered to direct their morale officers to cooperate to the full- est extent with the Home Service repre- sentatives in the camps in the distinctive work incident to demobilization. Changes in Personnel Randolph C. Shaw, secretary, and Miss Bertha Fischel, chief clerk, of the Bureau of Foreign Relations, have ten- dered their resignations. Miss Margaret E. Greenamyer has been appointed chief clerk of that Bureau. BUREAU STILL KEPT BUSY End of Hostilities Brings No Cessa- tion of Work for the Red Cross Communication Service The signing of the armistice found the Red Cross Bureau of Communication facing the most important days of its existence. In the week following more than 40,000 letters passed through the bureau. Casualty information and fol- low-up letters to the families of soldiers are pouring out of Headquarters just as rapidly as the staff can write them. The office in Washington will continue to act as clearing house between the soldiers in France and their families here until the last troops return. The tremendous amount of work involved can be judged by the high-water mark for one day when there were 14,000 incoming letters. Al- ready 15,500 casualties have been re- corded, each on a separate card. - This bureau not only serves to send out information received from Paris Headquarters, but collects data here and transmits it to Red Cross investigators over there. - The activities of the Bureau of Com- munication have tended even to the East- ern front. In the final Serbian advance there was a Red Cross representative in..., the front lines. Through iºnid:pera*- : * " - sº © $ gº e & ***an, ; :-rºº; ~~~~~ ... :::::: tº . * * sonal solicitation individual-reports were - , dºº- & *:::= gotten of some fifty naturalized. Serbian: …... Americans. When these feports—w. brought to the Bureau of Communica- tion, letters were immediately sent out to anxious relatives in all parts of the United States. - Decorations for Red Cross Men Rome, Nov. 19.--The following deco- rations have been conferred on Ameri- can Red Cross workers in Italy by the Italian government: - Commendatore of Crow: of Italy— Lieut. Col. Robert Perkins and Lieut. Col. Grayson M.-P. Murphy, both of New York City. . Ufficale of Crown of Italy—Majors James R. Byrne, Chester Aldrich, Ber- non S. Prentice, Guy Lowell, Joseph S. Collins and Samuel L. Fuller, all of New York City, and Major Carl Taylor. Cavaliere of Crown of Italy—Lieut. Col. Ernest P. Bicknell, William Hereford, Julius Roth, Edward E. Hunt, Edward O. Bartlett, and Captain Charles A. Williams. - V 57.5° - * A. * ~ * The Red Cross washingtoN, d. c. December 2, 1918 --- L- º ***. Bulletin Vol. II AID RETURNING PRISONERS Red Cross Workers in Readiness at German Frontier to Relieve the Weak and Suffering The American Red Cross has been active at all points along the border since the first of the American and Allied pris- oners began arriving from Germany. At ened condition, two of them dying while waiting for food. Five tons of food were sent to Stenay to provide for the Ameri- can and French prisoners coming through the lines at that point. The American Red Cross Commission to Switzerland has arranged with Alfred Ney, a Swiss neutral delegate with large German experience and acquaintance, to go into Germany and take charge of all WILL THANK US IN PERSON General Petain Announces Intention of Coming to America to Ex- press His Gratitude “As soon as possible I shall go to America for the express purpose of per- ... sonally thanking the American Red Cross for its invaluable aid to France and to Stilement Hospital, Metz, where wounded prisoners are arriving in batches of fifty, the Red Cross provided a truckload of medical supplies, food and cigarettes, these articles reaching the hospital when the supplies of the French were about ex- hausted. The Red Cross distributed 4,000 blankets to the prisoners concen- trated at Nancy and established a can- teen which fed several thousand men. Many of these prisoners were in a weak- sick and wounded American prisoners not strong enough to be moved at the present time. The plan is to place all these Americans in a central hospital, and if possible, provide American medical attendance for them. Other activities of the American re- lief organization in behalf of the re- turning prisoners were the establish- ment of an evacuation hospital and rest room at Revigny. MANAGING STAFF OF AMERICAN RED CROSS DEPARTMENT OF PERSONNEL Left to right: First row-Mrs. Rita Harnsberger. chief requisition clerk; Miss E. O. Adams, asst. to director, Women's Bureau: Miss Martha L. Draper, director, Women's Bureau: Stephen C. Millett, director, Department of Personnel: Frederick P. King, counsel; W. E. Belknap, associate director: Charles R. Lindsay, Jr., associate director. Second row—Miss Ethel S. Sparks chief transportation clerk; Mrs. B. L. Rees, chief cable clerk: Mrs. Bernard P. Miller, chief passport clerk; Mrs. Lenox Barnes, chief route clerk: J. C. Livingston associate director: Clifford Voorhees, associate counsel; S. Hinman Bird, associate director; H. Campbell Graef, associate director. Third row—Miss Alice E. Sullivan, chief file clerk; Miss Olive M. Lamb, divisional information clerk; R. H. Davis, associate director; C. B. Merriam, associate director: K. O. Mitchel, associate director: F. A. Poor, associate director; William France Anderson, associate counsel; Mrs. C. A. Rob- erts, chief complaint clerk; M. S. Breckinridge, counsel, Loyalty Bureau; Mrs. Ethel L. Fisher, chief clerk; S. G. Etherington, associate director. the French Army during the war.” General Petain made this statement last week when he visited the Franco- American canteen at the French Army Headquarters under General Gouraud. Later Miss Marjorie Nott, the American Red Cross canteen worker there, was summoned to Headquarters and invited to dine with General Petain, who was loud in his praises of what the Red Cross had done in canteens, hospitals, etc. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AMBULANCE MEN WINPRAISE Called On in Emergency They Do Valorous Work that Evokes Thanks of Officers At 3 P.M. on September 28, there came to Red Cross headquarters in France a hurry call for ambulances at the American front. There was quick canvassing of stock rooms and storage depots, and by 9 A.M. a group of ten drivers with ten new ambulances were making their maiden trip to the firing line. They arrived at the advanced post by noon on Sunday. The Colonel greeted them with “Thank God you’ve come!” From September 29 to October 3, the ten cars were running to full capacity night and day, under enemy fire all the time. Their course lay over a road recently evacuated by the Germans, and of which the exact range was known to them. The shells fell before and behind and around the ambulances. One driver was piloting his precious cargo past a broken-down German car, full of ammunition when a shell lit in the middle of the pile and— failed to explode! Captain Bright, in charge of the sec- tion, received a letter from Major C. G. Osborne, Director of Transportation, mentioning the drivers by name: Cough- lin, Swanson, Daggett, Esray, Byrne, Mc- Kinney, Lucas, Fawcett, Griffin and Clark, which said: “On behalf of the American Red Cross, I wish to thank you for the splendid work done by each and every one of you on Sunday, September the 29th, Mon- day, September the 30th, and Tuesday, October the 1st, in evacuating the wounded of American Division No. — from the advanced posts under shell fire. Your untiringness, your devotion to duty and your courage have been commended in the very highest terms by the Com- manding General and his staff of the — Division.” From the Major of the Medical Corps, Captain Bright received the following communication: “I wish you to convey to your organi- zation our great appreciation of your as- sistance to us from the time you reported 3.30 P.M. the 29th of September, 1918, until the evacuation of the wounded was completed.” The ambulances which did their share in this valuable service were donated by Wm. J. Wright, of Duxbury, Mass.; Jones County Chapter, A. R. C., South- ern Jurisdiction; Burke County Chapter A. R. C., N. C.; Men's Club of Broad- way Presbyterian Church, N. Y.; the Illinois Club; in memory of Albert H. Laurence, and by the Collie Club of America, through Rahway, N. J. Miss Kathleen Burke, who has made extensive lecture tours for the Red Cross, has been made honorary colonel of the 138th Field Artillery, U. S. A. convalescents IN SHELTER, A. R. C. Hospital, PortsMoUTH, ENG. ITALY'S PART IMPRESSES American Red Cross Survey Mission Head Tells Facts Measuring Extent of War Effort (Press Cablegram from Rome, Nov. 21) The special American Red Cross mis- sion, appointed to report on conditions in all countries where the American Red Cross is working, left for the Balkan states today after weeks of investigation and study in Italy. The mission ex- pects to be at Nazareth, Palestine, on Christmas day. Lieut. Col. Homer Folks, chairman of the mission, describing his stay in Italy, said: “We are leaving Italy with an entirely new conception of Italy’s participation in the great war and the magnitude of the civilian problems and other difficul- ties that faced her. The measure of a country's military effort must be in some degree reflected by the result and effects upon civilian life. “With her destroyed villages and farms; with a half million refugees scat- tered throughout the country; with her returning prisoners coming down from Austria through every mountain pass: with the marked increase in her tubercu- losis death rate and the inevitable de- cline in the birth rate; with her many thousands of war orphans and with her extremely complicated food situation, it is not difficult to form an adequate esti- mate of Italy’s part in the struggle against the invader.” Armenians Await New Life Armenian refugees, who flocked by the thousands to Jerusalem to escape the Turkish persecution, are anxiously await- ing the day when they may return to their devasted homes and start life anew, American Red Cross workers report. “We found them a clever, industrious people,” a recent report said. Many could read and write; some talked Eng- lish, having learned in the American Mission Schools. Destitute Russians in Switzerland The American Red Cross has come to the rescue of about 2,000 Russians who are left destitute in Switzerland, one thousand of whom are ill with tubercu- losis. It has been estimated that some seventy thousand dollars will be neces- sary to meet this need for the balance of this year. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN A thousand well-repaired Yanks can now testify that the Red Cross people did their work well. SOUTHERN GIRLS WIN FAME Their Work at Base Hospital Earns Thanks of Several Hundred - Wounded Americans One hundred girls from the Southern States, Red Cross graduate nurses, have earned the thanks of some 1,000 Ameri- can soldiers at a base hospital on the outskirts of Paris. The soldiers had taken part in one of the last actions of the war and were streaming back in camions and ambulances to the hospital; Victory Celebrated in Holy Land Jerusalem, Nov. 25.-Germany's sur- render and the victory of the Allies was marked with great rejoicing throughout the Holy Land. A distinguished Greek patriarch in the course of a victory address said: “The whole world will be democratized the same as America as a result of the outcome of this war.” º & > 3& - º Scene in the Kindergarten Section of the Child Welfare Exhibition held at Toulouse by the American Red Cross and the Red Cross officers and the nurses FIRST TO ENTER GERMANY Delegation of American Red Cross Carries Relief Across Frontier to Famished Italians A press cablegram from Paris under date of November 21, said: “A delegation of the American Red Cross has crossed the Rhine into Baden at Huningue (Huningen), placing the first Americans on German soil. The place where the river was crossed is a short distance north of the Swiss fron- tier “The German soldiers accepted Amer- ican flags and officers cleared the roads for the Red Cross trucks and insisted that the Red Cross workers drink with them. “German soldiers' councils in Baden are selling German arms and supplies. The population, which is revolutionary, is in complete control. Ragged and fam- ished Italians almost raised the roof of the Red Cross canteen with cheers when the Americans opened the place. “The Red Cross delegation left Swit- zerland for Alsace Friday, taking with it a truck load of supplies. Two hundred Italians were fed. A canteen was estab- lished at St. Louis, Ten thousand Ger- mans passed the canteen, all wearing the revolutionary red ribbon or rosettes. The officers and men carried red flags.” A number of Belgian Red Cross nurses have recently been decorated with the Queen Elizabeth Medal for bravery. were ready. The ambulances began arriving at dusk, and the injured were tenderly un- loaded and carried into well-prepared wards, where the doctors and nurses began their work. That hospital was put up in two weeks. University of Vir- ginia men, working with the University Red Cross unit, and the 100 Southern girls, got it ready. Sixty thousand dollars turned over by the B. P. O. E., through Grand Exalted Ruler Fred Harper, a Virginia man, had gotten the unit under way. One thou- sand beds and supplies lost on the way across had slowed things up, but the hos- pital was established, equipped and manned in time. The first relay of the wounded which rolled up numbered some 200, many being gas victims. Besides the nurses, there were 39 Virginia doctors, and 200 corps men to receive them. Starting for a Hike-Convalescent American Sailors at A. R. C. Naval Hospital at Chateau Beau- caillou, near Bordeaux T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUY}SCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooD Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JoHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKToN AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . * * Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAvison, Chairman CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. HAR v EY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILL AM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADsworth WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER. 2, 1918 The Magnitude of It No one would have believed, when the world war began, that the Red Cross was to play the great part it now is seen to have played. This is due largely to the fact that few, if any, were able at the outset to visualize the extent of the calamity that was in store. There was no precedent in military history by which to judge. It was a popular be- lief that the awful destructiveness of modern weapons of war, together with the cost in money as well as man power in waging battle, would preclude the possibility of a conflict being carried on for years at tremendous pace. Former wars, moreover, had been wars between armies; this became a war be- tween whole peoples. The aggressor cast aside all rules guiding civilized warfare and visited its frightfulness on combat- ants and non-combatants—innocent women and children—without distinction. It would have been a war of annihila- tion if the forces of civilization had not either won a victory of arms or capitu- lated. The theory of the vanquished was that the world could be subjected and then dominated through terrorism. The Red Cross, confronted by the condition forced upon the world, became by com- mon consent an agency of far broader scope than ever was contemplated by the Geneva Convention. It matched its humanitarianism against the frightfulness of the enemy. While it, ministered to the suffering it kept up Liberty's cour- age. When America entered the war the people of this country knew just what the war meant. Not only did they give their manhood and oversubscribe every loan asked by the government, but they gave outright in sums to meet every pos- sible demand, their gifts in behalf of hu- manity in general exciting the admiration of all the earth whose admiration was worth having. Membership in the Red Cross became a universal badge of honor which every American coveted; the Red Cross spirit was in every home —and the great beauty of it was that the power to serve was free to every man and woman, and to every child in the land. Now that the war has ceased we hear more and more of what the service ren- dered by the Red Cross meant in the winning of the struggle. One of the great generals of France announces that he is coming to America at the earliest possible opportunity to tell the people of this country in person what a sus- taining force their grand relief organ- ization was to the armies and the people of his nation. None of the martial glory that pertains to any of the forces which participated in the struggle that has had its victory can diminish in any degree that of the army behind the armies, which served under the emblem of mercy and kept its banner flying wherever suf- fering existed. Membership in the Red Cross means practical participation in the realization of a sublime ideal, and as Eliot Wads- worth, acting chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, said in a recent address at Philadelphia, “The great army of mercy which this war has called into being must never be demobilized.” Whatever the emergen- cies that may arise in the future America will demand that its army of mercy shall be ever ready to respond. The thing vitalized by the Red Cross spirit through the World war has be- come immortal. In commemoration of the past, and for the welfare of humanity in the future, Red Cross membership must continue to be as alluring as in the days when the fate of civilization was in the balance. { BUNDLES By JUNE RICHARDSON LUCAS “Why don’t you check those bundles here at the station?” It was a dark, rainy night last winter at Evian. The evening convoy of home- less people were stumbling by us drag- ging their heavy bundles—dropping them now and then—sitting on them to rest, but going pluckily on down the dark streets again to the brightly lighted Casino below. Every new A. R. C. worker asked that question, but if you stayed long in Evian you found your answer. You could not separate those people from their bundles. All they had left they carried in their hands. The world of “things” for each one was represented by the enormous bundles they had carried out from their cruel captivity. And that is what we can not forget, for another year or more— the pathetic “bundle” resources of thou- sands of French women. No oaken chests filled with treasured stores, left under the warm thatch from which to draw in their great need; no clothes of father’s left to cut down for small Pierre, none of grandmother's linen—the dower of Marie! Oh, the many, many stitches, where is it now- the neat piles of snowy linen, the big feather quilts? Oh, the ache of it all! In some ways, in the little homely, homey ways, this winter will be worse than last. The bundles that seemed so large have dwindled—and there are no ways of replenishing. It is disheartening to the thrifty housewife to have nothing laid by—no chance of helping some one worse off than herself—just a small bun- dle to represent her years of love and care for the cottage home and her man and little ones. Of course an empty larder is worse. You can live without the old chest un- der the eaves. That is your body can live, but I wonder about the spirit. “Longing hath a tender pain than grief or fears; ’tis the sweet touch of little things that brings the tears—” Those bundles have a tremendous power of hurting. They will suggest all their owner once had. Often last year, in a refuge where women and children would be crowded temporarily, you would see some treasured bit of the past that broke your heart. Little things—the little worn out shoes of that first baby son who died long ago —one woman entered Evian with those (Concluded on next page) SUPPLEMENT TO Th ross Bulletin Vol. II wASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER 2, 1918 MR. DAVISON INDICATES RED CROSS POLICY Chairman of War Council, Home from Europe, Issues Statement Regarding Change from War to Peace Basis—Unrelaxing Work for Chapter Members to Meet New Calls Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, returned last week from Europe, where he had been inspecting Red Cross activities since early in September. He has issued the following statement, re- viewing the war work of the organiza- tion in terms of gratitude expressed by military, naval and civilian authorities in many lands, and emphasizing the future importance of Red Cross membership: More than 47,000,000 American people subscribed to the American Red Cross within a period of 11 months a total ag- gregating $313,000,000 in money, and contributed manufactured goods of an estimated value of approximately $44,- 000,000. - While from time to time detailed state- ments have been issued by the war coun- cil showing expenditures as made and giving full account of the operations un- dertaken, few have been in a position to know, but all should know, of the re- sults of our work in foreign countries by those best qualified to Judge. PURPOSE OF TRIP I therefore, as chairman of the war council, make the following report upon my second trip to Europe this year, from which I have just returned. This trip was made for the express purpose of in- specting our work among our forces abroad, which I desired especially to do because of the suddenly enlarged mili- tary program of our army, which neces- ... sitated a corresponding increase in Red Cross service to our men. In making this report I shall speak less of my own impressions and obser- vations, and more of what has been said by military and governmental officials abroad in a position to speak authorita- tively of what the American Red Cross has done for armies and for nations in the theater of war. , - "My own visits to the various fronts have gratified me and increased my pride in our soldiers and my satisfaction in the work the American Red Cross is doing for them. After rather extensive jour- neys in England, Belgium, France, Swit- zerland and Italy, I can report to the American people that wherever our troops have been fighting, the American Red Cross has been with them, convey- ing to them in spirit, word, act and fact the benefits of our organization, whose efficient work has been made possible by the volunteer service of the people of America. - A large American Red Cross force is working with our troops in England, and a yet larger force in France, where a personnel of 18 in June, 1917, has de- veloped into an organization of more than 7,000 men and women. Our other commissions, though smaller, are equally effective in their various fields of opera- tion. While most of our work in Italy has been in connection with the Italian mil- itary and civilian population, such of Our troops as have been there have been Served as elsewhere. In Switzerland our representatives are chiefly concerned with extending relief to American prisoners of war, though they are also caring for the few Ameri- cans interned in Switzerland. American Red Cross welcomed the American troops at Archangel, and is also operating with them on the eastern front of Russia. In short, our American battalions, wherever they may be, are receiving devoted services from Ameri- can Red Cross. WHAT OFFICERS SAY As has always been made clear, the Service to our forces is purely supple- mentary to that of the Army and Navy, and is rendered on request from the proper authorities. As we have been given ample opportunity to demonstrate our usefulness, comment on the quality of our service comes more fittingly from Commanding Officers in the Army and Navy than from myself. In the course of a long visit which I had with General Pershing, he expressed himself at length and with emphasis. In appreciation of the service which American Red Cross has rendered to his soldiers, he said: “I want every man, woman and child who has contributed even a dime in money or an hour of work to the Red Cross to understand that such contribution has helped to meet the needs of our country’s soldiers. The value of the service is beyond com- putation.” Too much praise can not be given to General Ireland, who, as the Chief Sur- geon of the American Expeditionary Forces, has a full, clear grasp of the needs of the men, and within his power left nothing undone for their welfare and protection. In speaking of the Red Cross, General Ireland said: “The effi- ciency of the American Red Cross organ- ization has been a constant source of surprise and satisfaction to me and to the members of my staff. Always ready, always willing, immediately and effec- tively responding to every call, they have rendered an essential service to our men the value of which can never fully be known.” However, no words can convey to our members his estimate of the value of our service as clearly as the record showing the service we have ren- dered at his request and always with the cooperation of himself and his staff. “GIVING THE BEST" General Biddle, in command of our land forces in Great Britain, delivered an address in London in which he said: “Everywhere the Red Cross is giving the best that can be given or asked for. At all our camps throughout the British Isles it has given us many things which we either could not get from the gov- ernment or could not get without much delay. This work has been so well done that nowadays every one knows that the Red Cross may be relied upon to supply whatever may be demanded of it. We in the Army all feel a gratitude to the Red Cross which it is hard for me to ex- press in words.” On the same occasion, Admiral Sims, in command of the American Naval Forces in British waters, said: “When Our men are sick or wounded we need quick action unhampered and free. That is where the Red Cross comes to the front. Disasters like the ‘Otranto’ show how valuable is its work,” and he dis- cussed at length the question as to why these things which Red Cross does are not done exclusively by the Government, saying, among other things: “All Gov- ernment activity is governed by rules and regulations and an auditor. All these rules and regulations are made with a view to what is likely to happen, but all needs can not be foreseen. When an emergency turns up, we sometimes have not the facilities, sometimes not the legal authority to do all that we ought to do. The Red Cross man can make a law as quick as you can write a check. The Red Cross is ever present to help in time of trouble.” The Honorable John W. Davis, ex- Solicitor General of the United States, recently appointed Ambassador to the Court of St. James, has for several weeks been at Berne, Switzerland, rep- resenting the United States Government in conference with German authorities relative to agreements covering ques- tions relating to care of prisoners. In a letter to me, Mr. Davis says: “We may well rejoice that the coming of peace has released all American pris- Oners of war in Germany. But this does not lessen one’s gratification at the effi- cient and highly indispensable work which the American Red Cross at Berne has been doing in their behalf. Its care has been tireless, and had the war gone THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN on many Americans in German prisons would have been saved from death or disease by its labors.” The increase of our service to our own soldiers abroad has not caused us to neglect our other duties to the soldiers and civilian populations of our asso- ciates in this war. It is not possible to sketch in brief compass the general re- lief work performed in France, Belgium, Italy, Serbia, Roumania, the Balkans, Russia and Palestine, but, again, what has been said and done by those most vitally concerned with receiving this re- lief is more to the point than anything that I can say. General Petain, Commander in Chief of the French armies, in expressing his appreciation of the American Red Cross, said: “When the story of this war is written there will be no more brilliant chapter than that of the Ameri- can Red Cross in France. Nothing has contributed more to the morale of my soldiers and to the people of France than the work of that organization. Some day I shall go to America for the ex- press purpose of acknowledging to their members and to the American people the debt of gratitude we owe.” GRATITUDE OF FEANCE The Prefets and officials of . France, corresponding to the Governors of our States and the Mayors of our towns, have given direct evidence in letters to Red Cross officials of the value of the work of American Red Cross in their several communities. Obviously these letters, 46 in number, can not here be quoted, but all of them say in effect what one of these says verbatim, that timely American Red Cross aid “has been the means of saving for the future of France thousands of women and children.” Just before I left Paris there was in the palatial Capital of the City of Paris a remarkable demonstration from the Prefets and sub-Prefets as an expression of gratitude from the people of France to the members of the American Red Cross. I have never known men more eloquent than were the officers of the City of Paris in their glowing tribute to what American Red Cross has meant to their city and their country. A month previous, the Sorbonne, which represents to America the intel- lect of France, was the scene of a unique demonstration in honor of the American Red Cross. The noble auditorium known as the Grand Amphitheatre was crowded with a vast audience which was almost exclusively French. M. Louis Barthou, former Prime Minister and member of the French Academy, presided, intro- ducing the other distinguished speakers and concluding the meeting with a fer- vent address. - M. Mourier, Under-Secretary of State, struck the keynote of the meeting in his affirmation that through its Red Cross, America “had not only aided but also comprehended France.” Admiral Tou- chard, General Mallaterre and Madame Jules Siegfried spoke with deep feeling of the practical aid which American Red Cross had rendered to the army and people of France, and M. Firmin Roz, the eminent author, reviewed in detail the work of the American Red Cross from the day of their arrival to the present hour, commending the character and work of the American Red Cross personnel in France and thanking the American people for sending them at a moment of critical need. In listening to such tributes, which have been multiplied all over France and Italy, I have always wished that the mil- lions of members of workers of Ameri- can Red Cross were with me to hear what the officials were saying and hear the spontaneous applause with which their utterances were greeted by the peo- ple whom they represented. These tributes were meant for the entire Red Cross membership. TO KENS OF APPRECIATION When President Poincaire decorated me with the Commander’s Cross of the National Order of the Legion of Honor, and King Victor Emmanuel with the Order of Grand Officer of the Crown of Italy, and King Albert of Belgium with the Cross of Commander of the Order of Leopold, each the highest distinction that can be conferred on a civilian, I was in each instance directed to express to the American people the appreciation of the government represented by its Officers and its people, and to let our American people know how much the great work done by the American Red Cross has meant to the countries which were conferring the distinction. Honors have also been conferred by the British and Serbian governments. - On an occasion in honor of Commis- sioner John H. Finley and his commis- Sion, his eminence, the grand mufti and kadi of Jerusalem expressed his appre- ciation of our work as follows: “To extend a helping hand to the children of Syria and Palestine in your native land, America, was not enough, but you have crossed the sea and desert and undergone the hardships of this present time to Succor the poor and homeless wid- ows and orphans of all Palestine and more especially of the Holy City, the city of the prophets of God where we are all now united. On behalf of these in general and of holiness in particular, I burn incense On the altars of gratitude.” Additional testimony relative to our work in Palestine is that General Al- lenby has asked his government to urge the American Red Cross to continue its work there. To repeat, I have quoted at some length from those who repre- sent and speak for their people, and whose opinions therefore carry convic- tion, and I have referred to the func- tions of the various governments in honor of the American Red Cross be- cause in such universal testimony is the answer as to whether or not the en- deavor of the American people through the American Red Cross in this war crisis has been successful. - When the War Council was called, we formulated a program to which fortu- nately we have been able strictly to ad- here. Now that peace is assured, we naturally turn our attention to new con- ditions. Many of the emergency calls disappear with the cessation of hostil- ities, while on the other hand by such cessation new and pressing needs are presented. With punctilious regard to the carry- ing out of our original program in its fullest conception, negotiations with the various governments are now being car- ſ ried on, to the end that the American Red Cross shall have in time fulfilled to the letter and spirit this, its special emer- gency undertaking, and in a manner and under conditions which shall be most acceptable to the respective govern- ments and peoples. Always, as hereto- fore, any plans adopted will assure com- plete cooperation with the respective gºvernments and with any agencies with whom relations may be established. What the future is to be, no one can Say. But that there will be an appealing Cry of humanity from all over the world, no one can doubt. The needs of France, Belgium, Italy, Russia and the Balkans will not terminate with the formal dec- laration of peace. A hard winter is ahead. Exposure and the hardships of War and the dislocated industrial con- ditions of the world have produced hun- ger, want and disease. Politically the outlook for a new and better world is bright, but the economic conditions are ominous. There will be such distress in the world that it can not be met by voluntary organizations. Gov. &rnments themselves must bear the chief burden, and I am confident that COOpera- tion between the governments may be relied upon in an endeavor to meet this wholesale work of relief which will be needed. In addition to this, there will, how- ever, be the necessity and Opportunity for supplementary work which Red Cross organizations throughout the World can do, should do and must do. Certainly the women of America, work- ing through the Red Cross Chapters, and the women in other countries able to do similar work, will find their hearts dictating more than their hands can do. I hope no woman will think of relax. ing her Red Cross activity, but will rather increase her endeavor to meet the calls for supplies of whatever char. acter as issued from Red Cross Head- §uarters at Washington until a compre- hensive and definite program may be worked out. - CHRISTMAS ROLL-CALL Whatever plans may be developed by governments, whatever calls may be made upon the Red Cross organizations of the world to supplement the work of the governments, it is clear that the American Red Cross must be kept Strong and efficient, that it may do its share in full measure. - As the world now finds itself, the people of America are in a position to do the most, the people of America are looked to for the most, and, in my opinion, the people of America owe the most to suffering humanity. As far as can now be foreseen, there will be no further occasion for cam- paigns for Red Cross funds. During the week before Christmas there is to be a Roll Call, giving every citizen an oppor- tunity to register as a member of the Volunteer humanitarian agency of the American people, which is recognized throughout the world as the American Red Cross. This membership involves no commitment beyond the payment of one dollar, but this payment will regis- ter, a continuance of humane sympathy and at the same time it will have the Very practical value of contributing to the continuation of Red Cross Chapter work and to the meeting of the needs within our own country. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN IN HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS “over THERE” Scraps from the Note Book of a Red Cross Worker in the Thrilling Last Days of the War for Liberty By MAJOR JOHN VAN SCHAICK, JR. I was in one of the channel ports for a few hours yesterday. I saw a friend who is stationed at the dock helping to evacuate the wounded to England. “We have had a terrible week,” he said. “We sent out five boats today with British wounded. We have 100 stretcher bearers, all men who have served up the line and who are more or less unfit. Tonight they were utterly exhausted and falling down one by one, with still a ship to load. An American ship was in and the jackies In a minute they swarmed over the side, and we had new stretcher bearers for the last hour. Our saw what was up. men just lay on the dock and watched them. They gave our wounded cigarettes and carried them as gently as if they weighed nothing. I’ll never forget the lines of blue—their strength, their cheer, or how they saved the last hour of the day’s work. I heard one giant say to a poor little English Tommy suffering from wounds and shell shock, “Dry your tears, 1ad.’” - s - :# :: :: - “It is impossible to raise roses in Flan- ders,” everybody agreed. And yet I have been walking today in a rose garden of 3,000 bushes at the Ocean Hospital at Vincken, seven miles from the front trenches. It was only planted on April 7, 1918, and yet 300 wonderful blossoms are cut every day for the wounded. The bushes all look thrifty. . It was the idea of the Queen, who be- lieves in beauty and fragrance as well as bread and bandages. The execution was in the strong hands of Dr. De Page, who smashes obstacles. His strength, the Queen's faith, a little gift of $2,500 from the American people, through the Red Cross, and some intelligent Belgian gar- deners from the army did the impossible. - - ::: ::: $; The children of Ypres, whom the American Red Cross is helping support, were returning to the old chateau of Wisques after a walk in the woods. A woman stood near some bushes by the road as the children approached. Sud- denly one tot of six flung herself madly at the lonely figure, which swiftly bent down to clasp the little one to her. Then I saw that the woman had only one arm. She had come from Vogelhoek, near Poperinghe, to see her child. They were together when the father was shelled and killed in Ypres, and later mother and child were both wounded by the same shell in Poperinghe. Now they are sepa- rated not only by 25 or 30 miles, but by greater difficulties in the way of travel, passes, trains, etc. The mother had trav- eled from 3 a.m. to get there at 3 p.m., and she left at 4.30 a.m. the next morning to get back when she had promised. : The American Red Cross is helping to bear burdens for such mothers. It is very hard to buy cows because the British have broken the Hindenburg line. The two things go together. In March, it was easy to buy anything near the Bel- gian front. “Better sell than let the Ger- mans seize.” Now the ruling idea is, “We are going home.” ' ', - :: *k :}; I attended the dinner given by the Belgian Red Cross officials at the front to the Japanese Red Cross Commission. I sat next to Dr. Ninagawa, professor of international law. - - “I want to broaden the scope of the Geneva Convention,” he said, “after the war. I want to include work for civilians in time of war and work for disaster in time of peace. Your American Red Cross has taught us that.” - “What will you have,” said the Ameri- can Red Cross visitor to the American wounded, “Jam,” said No. 1; “cigarettes,” said No. 2; “chewing gum,” said No. 3. No. 4 was Hanson Ambrose Smith. His reply gave the visitor the shock of her life. “If you please,” he said, “I should like Milton's poems. I am familiar,” he said, “with Paradise Lost, I want to study now Paradise Regained.” - # * :: The American wounded have come into — for the first time. At a French hospital which took in 200 is an Ameri- can-born woman married to a British colo- nel, and who has lived in England, India and South Africa for thirty years. “I thought I was completely British,” she said, “until I saw the first wounded Americans, and then I knew in a flash that I was American and never could be fully anything else.” - :: :: *k It seems as if the ends of the earth were brought together to end the war. No one would ever have thought that huge John Krivdo, of Murray City, Ohio, would ever pull off his shoes and put them on little Kaski Mahomet from Al- giers. - - The American Red Cross, nurse had worked hard to get Kaski his “Permis- sion de sortie.” The French nurse told her he could not go as he had no shoes. Kriváo heard the American nurse ex- claim, “It is a shame.” “What, no shoes,” he ejaculated. “Lead me, to him.” “Here,” he said, “take mine.” And be- fore Mahomet knew what was happen- ing, the giant had set him down in his two number 10's and tied them on. It made no difference to him that he also had a permission to go out, and only one pair of shoes. Mahomet, almost struck dumb with astonishment, bowed repeat- edly to everybody in sight and said, “Moi American maintenant.” BUNDLES (Concluded from page 4) in her bundle—of no use, of course—but they were part of her—a deep part of her that would help her to carry on. In all the chaos and devastation; in the midst of the rejoicing that victory has come, stand those pathetic bundles— row upon row—all that is left to thou- sands of women, of their home life be- fore the war. And those bundles call to us American women with a choking ap- peal—like wounded soldiers scarred by the battle line; they call to us to bind up their wounds. Every American woman who has made surgical dressings for the soldiers, is determined to make a garment for those homeless owners of bundles. We can not bring back to life the loved villages, the shady avenues, the oaken chests, the safe chimney corners; but we can fill the sagging bundles tighter with treasures money can not buy. Credit Men to Aid Home Service The National Association of Credit Men has placed its facilities at the dis- posal of the Red Cross for the benefit of any business being carried on by the family of a soldier or sailor. The adjustment Bureau of each local association of credit men is to cooper- - ate with the local Home Service of the Red Cross, wherever any soldier's busi- ness in his absence needs expert com- mercial advice or relief. This service is being given. THE RED C R O SS BULL ET IN *- : *- :--—3. *—-tº-sº RED CROSS IN PALESTINE Details of the Work in Behalf of Or- phans and Re-establishment of Industrial Activities (Concluded from Last Week) “The scope of the activities of the Commission for Palestine extends be- yond the medical, social and industrial Service among the sick within reach of the Jerusalem Hospital and dispensaries, and of the mobile medical units and among the refugees. The next appeal was that of the orphans (for the term “orphans’ is rather an elastic one in the East). The first undertaking in the field is perhaps the most important piece of orphanage work in Palestine. The gov- ernment asked the Red Cross to assume control and support, under a general board in which the tion, but supported largely by American funds. One of our number has made a Splendid beginning with this large group of boys. It is planned to establish later an orphanage for girls, and to organize a receiving station through which all orphans applying will be kept for a period of quarantine and examination. Wtih these three orphanages, cooper- ating with the excellent English Or- phanage for Girls, it is hoped that great progress is to be made in the training of the poorer children of Jerusalem and Palestine wtihout interfering with the religious prejudices of those committed to the care of the Red Cross. There is a large percentage of orphans in Jerusalem as estimated by Western standards. The Jews, with more than one-third of the population, have 2,500 orphans. But the interest of the Red Much of the report is concerned with the development of industrial service, by which, as far as possible, relief is given in return for labor. A bureau of investigation has been opened to which all persons seeking work may apply, and hundreds of requests received—many more applying than could be employed. The report says: “Already two large work rooms have been opened. One is a large Greek Hos- pice, known as the St. John's Hotel, in the inner city, where employment for nearly 400 in machine sewing, hand sew- ing, making of garments and mattresses, knitting, lace-making, embroidery, weav- ing, etc., is carried on under skilled direction. The other is a room where this work has been conducted until re- cently by the S. & P. R. Fund, for about 500 women who are employed in much the same industries. Red Cross is repre- sented, of what was known as the ‘Syrian Orphanage f O r THE HOLY LAND SPEAKs To AMERICA Extract from letter from the Grand Mufti and Cadi of Jerusalem to Dr. John H. Finley, on the eve of the latter’s departure for the United States: Boys,” conducted be- “* * * When thou reachest the dear homeland and blessed country, as This work is capa- ble of indefinite ex- tension, and is lim- ited now only by the lack of adequate fore the war by the from the bottom of our hearts we pray thou mayest do in good health and peace room and by the lack Germans. —then we request thee be thou our representative—of the inhabitants of Pales- of skilled persons “The teachers of tine collectively, and of the inhabitants of the Holy House particularly— to direct the opera- German birth were in presenting to thy people and thy good and generous nation our obliga- tions. The Director all dismissed by the government and the Red Cross was re- quested to bring in a fresh staff and re- organize the work. Fortunately the Commission w a S able to make imme- diate response, be- tions and thanks—to that good people represented by that great man, the most honored President Wilson, whom we appreciate and respect extremely, on ac- count of what we hear of his noble qualities and superlatively attractive and re- fined character, although we have not had the good fortune of meeting him. Still true is what has been said, “The ear is at times enamored just as the eye is enraptured.” May God spare him for you, and you all for him! And we have this earnest hope that the inhabtiants of Palestine will always enjoy his good will up in these work and be among those always remembered by him—just as he shall ever be the object of their prayers and supplications for his good, to God Almighty.” has just returned from Egypt, where he has purchased large quantities of materials for winter garments to be made rooms. A considera- ble part of this ma- terial is in the form cause in the per- - sonnel were three members specially equipped to conduct just this sort of work. Although this is the vacation period, when it is customary to release the children to their relatives or their home villages, they have all been kept at the orphanage and are working hap- pily under the summer schedule, in which special provision is made for the intensive study of English, and for Su- pervised play and athletics, a new fea- ture in their daily life. The orphanage has a large, well-constructed main building with several smaller buildings, a school for the blind, and considerable industrial equipment. A large farm with an orange grove of 30,000 trees belongs to the school. - “The Red Cross has been asked to conduct another orphanage for boys for- merly under English Protestant direc- Cross has extended to other children than orphans, and an inquiry has been begun, with the hearty approval of the military authorities, into the conditions under which children are living in the occupied enemy territory in Southern Palestine. The initial visits that have been made, intimate that here is per- haps, after all, the greatest permanent opportunity for service in Palestine.” The report goes on to state that as a means of bringing the children of Amer- ican into touch with these less privileged children, the recommendation, approved by General Allenby, has been made that at Christmas or New Years the Ameri- can children send gifts through the Junior Red Cross to the children of Palestine, these gifts to take the form of some garment for protection against the severe weather of the hill country. of raw cotton. The Military Governor has just asked the Red Cross to undertake weaving on a considerable scale, and arrangements have been made for the purchase of a large quantity of wool in Southern Pales- tine. It should be noted that even this provision will not reach a very con- siderable class of unskilled laborers for whom satisfactory employment has not yet been found. Conference is being had with the government authorities, however, and it is hoped that even these may be provided for in clearing fields for next year's crops. Scores and some- times hundreds of women may be seen applying for work at the doors of the American Red Cross rooms. It is also planned, in cooperation with the S. & P. R. Fund, to establish industrial relief work in Jaffa. The work is to be sup- plied by the S. & P. R. Fund, and the R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN REFUGEES FROM EL -SALT, BEYOND THE JORDAN cost of wages, rent and material to be met by the Red Cross. “A very interesting feature of this work should be noted. The war found a large number of Russian woman pil- grims stranded in Jerusalem. Until the present time these women have been maintained chiefly by means of money grants. It is our plan to bring them together in groups in the convents in which they have lived, and there organize work rooms where they can practice the needle arts and carry on other hand in- dustries with which they are familiar. Similarly, in the Jerusalem zone, there are several villages with distinctive vil- lage industries, which it is our intention to place upon an organized basis and develop. Already two large groups have been organized.” Frequent conferences are held with the military authorities, the Zionist Com- mission and the S. & P. R. Fund. The Zionist Commission work for Jews only. Its workrooms, however, are not large enough to accommodate all the Jewish women applying to them or to the Red Cross, and under an agreement with the Commission the Red Cross employs a Jewish investigator who refers all cases requiring material relief to the Jewish organization, while those needing work, if not already being helped by the Com- mission, are held for reference to the Red Cross rooms. The S. & P. R. Fund have been assisted largely by funds which have come from America through the Armenian and Syrian Relief Com- mittee. At its request, much of its work has been taken over by the Red Cross, and is being conducted on a strictly non- sectarian basis. The lack of trained workers has ham- pered the work of the Red Cross in Palestine. Physicians, nurses, social workers, teachers, clerks and stenogra- phers are needed. Juvenile delinquents of both sexes, the insane, tubercular, chronic and incurable invalids are re- ceiving but little attention. In commending the work of the per- sonnel of the Red Cross Commission, Col. Finley says: “I am glad to be able to assure you of the splendid eagerness PALESTINE–DR, LAWRENCE, INFIRMARY WORKERS, AND CHILDREN which pervades the unit, and of its will- ingness to be taxed to its utmost strength.” And he adds: “I would em- phasize to you, finally, that which has made all this possible: namely, the high benevolent attitude taken by the British authorities in their government of the occupied enemy territory. It is a cause for real satisfaction to all civilization that three such men as the Commander in Chief, General Allenby, the administra- tor of occupied enemy territory, General Money, and the military governor of Jerusalem, Col. Storrs, are in the chief positions of command and reconstruc- tion. They, with all the district military governors and officers witih whom we have come into official relations have shown a cordiality of welcome towards the American Red Cross and a confidence in us which will require the nost effi- cient service on our part to retain.” Products of Honolulu Chapter The Honolulu Chapter of the Ameri- can Red Cross, in 1917, shipped 279 cases of supplies valued at $76,496.10. In the first nine months of 1918 the same chapter shipped 740 cases valued at $203,798.09. This included 1,919,927 sur- gical dressings, 134,584 hospital garments and 41,454 knitted garments for soldiers and sailors. The American Red Cross has distrib- uted prizes among the soldiers who, dur- ing their leisure moments, have culti- vated the fallow lands of France. T H E R E D C R O S S BUL LET IN JUNIOR RED CROSS AMERICANIZING TOY MARKET Junior Red Cross youngsters have con- spired against both Father Time and Santa Claus this year. Many of them have been at work creating toys for their Christmas bazaars all summer and fall. Perhaps it’s because Santa Claus’ tra- ditional wares have always been made in Germany that young America has taken things in hand. At any rate, American youngsters are seeing to it that there is no lack of 100 per cent Ameri- can playthings. • * Los Angeles children are not content with making just toys. They are making real estate in miniature. All last summer in a breezy garden workship, they tacked and sawed and painted on the marvelous creations which are sold to swell Junior Red Cross funds at the Red Cross shop. The youngsters enlisted expert assist- ance in the services of a Japanese house- boy, who, with the true Japanese knack for the microscopic, turned out several irresistible dolls' houses full of bewitch- ing furniture, which sold for fifty and a hundred dollars apiece. - maker, lent them her work bench and her back yard, and then let them de- velop their own ideas. A delightful as- sortment of airplanes and battleships, guns and ambulances, doll furniture and jumping jacks was the result. Toys typical of different elements in the population are also to be a feature of the Junior Christmas bazaars in Col- orado. Log cabins will be sent from the mining districts; mountain sheep with long curly horns Dawson chapter.” All reported that the nurses in the Red Cross service showed great resourcefulness in meeting the most distressing conditions. Among the speakers who addressed the meeting was Mrs. William Palmer Lucas, coordinator of foreign publicity at National Headquarters. In her opin- ion, the Red Cross will be able to ren- der valuable service, in helping to es- tablish and develop departments of nurs- ing in connection with foreign Red Cross organizations. She stated that “the from high in the Rockies. Funny little dolls copied by In- dian youngsters from their own, and dis- tinctive Mexican toys will render any ba- zaar table irresisti- ble. To make it even In Ore cosmopolitan, foreign children are urged to copy the Æ picturesque to y s == w h i c h parents | B brought from Eu- a sº. ". A. R. C. Christmas Post-Cards—Every Soldier in France will have a. º package of them to send home S. . . . . º Po stric Arap ºff, rº-E tº. Úº U.S. . . % º24| º #: Censor—“What’s them dots mean between the lines?” Private—“She can read 'em. They mean I’m dotty about her” rope. Toys as well - as youngsters are becoming American- ized by the Junior Red Cross. The Porto Rican shipment to the men overseas. This amount repre- sents 120,000 glasses. A church also materialized with its tiny altar candle lit, its pews upholstered neatly, its priest in priestly garments, all ready for a doll wedding to take place. To make all the contents of a country store in miniature takes imagination as well as skill, but the reproduction which was finally completed would have been pronounced perfect by any rural mer- chant. The Red Cross hospital, with its wards and nurses, doctors in uniform, and patients, would have been approved by the most particular chief surgeon. Denver children found unexpected toy- making time this fall when the “flu” epidemic closed the schools. Their su- pervisor, herself a professional toy- Division Directors of N ursing Confer At a conference at National Head- quarters, lasting from November 21st to November 23d, the division directors of nursing discussed the peace program of the Red Cross. In the course of the meeting many interesting conditions during the epi- demic of Spanish influenza were brought out. The division directors represent all parts of the United States, and even Alas- ka, where, to quote Miss White, director of the Pacific Division, the “work can not progress with any great amount of speed, owing to the fact that it now takes three months to receive a letter from the Chapter has sent a - of 30% tons of guava jelly American nurse has proven herself in- valuable to everyone with whom she has worked, and has repeatedly surprised and delighted the great French surgeons by the scope of her training and ability.” Miss Christine Nuno, of the Debarka- tion Hospital at Ellis Island, spoke of the reception of the nurses who have been returned from France. “Of 13,000 nurses who have gone overseas, only forty-six have been returned to this coun- try, for any reason whatsoever, during the past eighteen months,” she said, “most of the nurses are received at the staff-headquarters on their arrival, rather than being sent to the hospital, and are kept there until sufficiently re- covered to be sent to the Red Cross Convalescent Home, a large country place in New York, where they are treated with every possible considera- tion.” Mrs. August Belmont, assistant to the War Council, spoke of the service which American women have rendered in all fields of activity, and paid high tribute especially to Red Cross nurses overseas. J. T. Gerould has been appointed as- sistant manager of the Northern Divi- sion. He will continue to act as direc- tor of the Bureau of Development. ******s-sºº *…** -º-º-º: STS- º *ALLABR4A Tºº-º-º: sº jºr r"--- *:::::::::::::::: zzº” sº sº. …tº - arº******::::… ... “*”. 32 er-º-wa ºx.x:y …” “.…” º: W \. \U \ ****,x*2.44% - Vol. HH WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 9, 1918 No. 50 < - :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::3% :-----------> • ‘e’ -e, -e, -e- -a, -e, -a, -e, -a, -e, -ez º. ºva' ºvºvºrºvºvºrºvºvºrve re ©’ Yoº Yº Yº Yº Yº Yoº Yº Yo" "e <> ºr "e" "e - - 4×e 3: - - 3. º: - - 3. 3. BY THE PRESIDENT—A PROCLAMATION § & - - - : 3. THE WHITE HOUSE - 3. 3. - - .. Washington, November 26, 1918. § * TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE: - - 3. 3×3 - * - - … r.; - * º º 3. * Qne year ago twenty-two million Americans, by entrolling as a1embers of the Red Cross at Christmas time, sent to the 3. & º º & 3. men who were fighting our battles overseas a stimulating message of cheer and good will. They made it clear that our people 3. ©º -> º e g º 3. were of their own free choice united with their government in the determination not only to wage war with the instruments 3. 3. of destruction, but also by every means in their power to repair the ravages of the invader and sustain and renew the spirit 3. 3. of the army and of the homes which they represented. The friends of the American Red Cross in Italy, Belgium, and France 3. 3. have told, and will tell again, the story of how the Red Cross workers restored morale in the hospitals, in the camps, and § - - - - © º 4×e 3. at the cantonments, and we ought to be very proud that we have been permitted to be of service to those whose sufferings 3. 3. and whose glory are the heritage of humanity. ſ 3. - o - ©º 3. Now, by God’s grace, the Red Cross Christmas message of 1918 is to be a message of peace as well as a message of good & 3. - - © e ... will. But peace does not mean that we can fold our hands. It means further sacrifice. Our membership must hold together and 3. 3. be increased for the great tasks to come. We must prove conclusively to an attentive world that America is permanently 3. 3. aroused to the needs of the new era, our old indifference gone forever. - - 3. § The exact nature of the future service of the Red Cross will depend upon the program of the associated governments, but 3. ©(6 6 : 3. there is immediate need today for every heartening word and for every helpful service. We must not forget that our sol- 3. ©(e º © e e … 3. 3. diers and our sailors are still under orders and still have duties to perform of the highest consequence, and that the Red 3. 3. Cross Christmas membership means a great deal to them. The people of the saddened lands, moreover, returning home today 3. 3. where there are no homes must have the assurance that the hearts of our people are with them in the dark and doubtful days 3. 3 ahead. Let us, so far as we can, help them back to faith in mercy and in future happiness. 3. - - - - *3 © tºo 3. As President of the Red Cross, conscious in this great hour of the value of such a message from the American people, I 3. gº © º . - 3. 53. 3 should be glad if every American would join the Red Cross for 1919, and thus send forth to the whole human family the 3. 3. Christmas greeting for which it waits and for which it stands in greatest need. * , 3. 3. - (signed woodrow wilson. ; ©O. - - $ {X} • ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::. ************************** ºr "e ROLL-CALL ADDRESS TO RED CROSS MEMBERS Chairman Henry P. Davison Emphasizes the Lines on Which Future Work be, the Red Cross will stay with them until they are demobilized. Nothing which we may do will be left undone - either for the men in the war zone, for . Will Be Carried On, and Puts Reliance in Annual Membership as Foundation National Headquarters. I am, there- fore, able to speak now with knowledge and assurance in saying that the benefi- cent work of the American Red Cross is to go forward on a great scale—not alone, as heretofore, for purposes of re- lief in war, but as an agency of peace and permanent human service. Since America's entry into the war, the purpose of our Red Cross has been pri- marily to aid our Army and Navy in the care of our own men under arms, and, To the 3,854 Chapters and 22,000,000 Members of the American Red Cross: The whole American people will be in- vited in the week preceding Christmas to enroll as members of the Red Cross. It is confidently believed there need be no further campaigns for Red Cross funds, but instead, the annual Roll Call will constitute the foundation of the Red Cross. The people should therefore know as definitely as possible the plans of this their national humanitarian so- ciety. Since the armistice was signed, I have had an opportunity to confer in Paris with the heads of all American Red Cross Commissions in Europe, and Iater in Washington with the President of the United States, the War Council of the Red Cross, the Managers of the fourteen Red Cross Divisions of the United States, and with the heads of our departments at Sailors and civilians of those nations which were fighting our battles along with their own. With the funds which have been so generously contributed by the American people this war work of the Red Cross will continue and be com- pleted with all possible sympathy and energy. - Wherever our soldiers and sailors may secondly, to extend relief to the soldiers, those returning, for those in the camps and hospitals, or for their families at home to whom will continue to be de- voted the ministrations of the Red Cross - Home Service. In this latter effort 50,000 trained Red Cross workers are now engaged at 2,500 different places throughout the land. The problems of reconstruction, in- volving feeding and caring for the dis- tressed civilian populations of Europe are of such magnitude that necessarily they must be met very largely by the governments of our Allies, with whom our own government will cooperate. The great tasks of fighting tubercu- losis, promoting child welfare, and caring for refugees, with which the American Red Cross has concerned itself so effec- tively in France, Italy and Belgium, will at an early date be assumed by the gov- ernments, the Red Cross organizations, and the relief societies of those countries, which, now that they are released from the terrific burden of waging war, natu- rally desire to take care, as far as they can, of their own people. The war program of the American Red Cross will thus steadily and rapidly merge itself into a peace program. The wake of the war will, however, reveal the prevalence of disease, and give rise to epidemics and emergencies which in all parts of the world will call for unlimited voluntary effort, the cutting of red tape and the manifestation of those qualities of human sympathy which government action can not display. Here will be the opportunity for the American Red Cross. But even our Red Cross must not act and can not act most effectively alone; we must labor in co- operation with the National Red Cross and relief societies of other nations, to the end that not alone the heart of America but the heart of all mankind may be mobilized on behalf of suffering humanity. While, therefore, the plans of the American Red Cross in this direction can not be formulated specifically, in advance of the general relief program of the Allied governments, the American Red Cross is nevertheless planning to develop its permanent organization in this country upon a scale never before contemplated in time of peace. The commissions which are now con- ducting the activities of the American Red Cross in foreign countries, as well as the temporary war organization in this country, will as a matter of course ultimately merge their energies with those of the permanent organization of the Red Cross. The war has developed the striking and important fact that many men and women, some of whom had with great success devoted their lives entirely to business, came into the Red Cross or- ganization at the outset of the war sim- ply that they might serve their country, but have realized such a satisfaction to themselves in the opportunity to serve mankind that they now desire to become a part of the permanent peace organiza- tion of the American Red Cross. There may, therefore, be perfect confi- dence that the peace activities of the Red Cross will be conducted under able and inspiring leadership. The chapters will maintain their organizations upon a scale adequate to the new demands to be made upon them. Local communities will indeed appreciate more and more the value of having in their midst strong and effective Red Cross chapters. The divisional organizations, with honorary and permanent staffs, will be maintained —always ready for service; and National Headquarters will have a large and effi- cient personnel to direct the activities of the organization as a whole. Study is being given by the national or- ganization not alone to problems of in- international relief, but to plans in this country for enlarged home service, the promotion of public health education, de- velopment of nursing, the care and pre- vention of accidents, and other correlated lines, which may contribute to the health and happiness of men, women and chil- dren. Such plans when developed will, it is believed, provide both for world re- lief and for home community service, and thus constitute a channel for the continued and useful expression by Red Cross workers and members of those qualities of sympathy and love which our whole people have poured out so un- stintedly during this war. For the completion of its war work and for the institution of its peace pro- gram, the Red Cross is fortunately in a healthy financial condition. Abundant occasion for the use of large sums of money and great quantities of garments and other supplies will continue to arise, but it is believed that there will be no further need for intensive campaigns for funds. The work of supplementing gov- ernmental activities, which the Red Cross will be called upon to do in all parts of the world, will be upon a great scale, but it will call for human service rather than for large expenditures. What the American Red Cross needs now is not so much contributions of money, as the continued devotion and loyalty of its members. This is peculiarly true at this moment of transition from war to peace. Annual membership in- volves the payment of only one dollar. The moneys thus received not only de- fray all the administrative expenses of the organization, but leave a substantial balance, which, together with all funds subscribed directly for relief, are devoted solely to that purpose. The Roll-Call of the Nation is thus to be called at Christmas time, that through enrollment in their Red Cross the Amer- ican people may send a message to our soldiers still overseas and to the peoples of the world that we are not merely con- tent with seeing our arms united with our Allies in victory, but that our abiding purpose is that the love, the sympathy and the intelligence of all America shall be re-dedicated to the permanent service of mankind. H. P. DAVISON, Chairman, Red Cross Council. STATUE OF JEANNE D’ARC, IN FRONT OF A. R. C. HEADQUARTERS, PARIS, DECORATED WITH ALLIED FLAGS IN CELEBRATION OF ARMISTICE T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN “THE GREATEST GIFT’’ FILM Roll-Call Movie Just Released De- scribed as the Most Beautiful of One - Reel Pictures To stimulate interest in the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call, the Bureau of Pic- tures has prepared a novel production to be called “The Greatest Gift.” It is based on the theme that he who desires happiness must give happiness and the more happiness he gives, the greater will be his in return. The Famous Players-Lasky Corpora- tion undertook the production of the pic- ture and placed Hugh Ford, its director- overseas to the soldiers and to the un- fortunates in the devastated areas of Europe. The great men of our day appear on the screen, together with their spoken tributes to the Red Cross, and the pictures closes with an appeal in behalf of the Roll-Call. “The Greatest Gift” was ready Decem- ber first. It has been planned to give it the widest possible distribution during the three weeks ending with the conclu- sion of the Roll-Call Drive, December 23d. To make the film adaptable to all forms of motion picture entertainment, it has been confined to a single reel, but no effort has been spared to place the NURSING ADVISERS CONFER Meeting at National Headquarters Considers Plans for Carrying Out Program of Peace The Advisory Committee of the Na- tional Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service met at Red Cross Headquarters on November 30, to discuss the peace program of the Department of Nursing. There were present at this meeting Miss Jane A. Delano, Chairman of the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service; Miss M. Adelaide Nut- ting, Director of the Department of Nursing and Health, Teachers’ College, Columbia Uni- in-chief, in charge with John Rob- ertson as director in the field. Mr. Robertson gath- ered a remark- able cast from among the well favorites Famous &nown Df the Players screen productions. The picture will feature Ag- nes T at e, the model who posed for A. E. Forin- ger's famous pos- ter, “The Great- est Mother in the W or 1 d.” Miss Tate, a painter a n d sculptress, designed the sce- nic settings and costumes for that p or t i on of the picture in which versity, New SCENE FROM CHRISTMAS ROLL-CALL PICTURE PLAY, “THE GREATEST GIFT,” York City; Miss Annie W. Good- rich, Dean of the Army School of Nurs in g; Miss Dora E. Thomp- son, superintend- ent of the Army Nurse Corps; Mrs. John H. Higbee, superin- tendent of the Navy Nurse Corps; Miss S. Lillian Clayton, president of the National League Nursing Associa- tion; Miss Clara D. Noyes, presi- de n tº of the American Nurses’ A s so ci at i o n; Miss Mary C. Wheeler, super- intendent of the she appears. The great truth that happiness is found only in self-sacrifice is illustrated in “The Greatest Gift” by a chain of episodes from the scriptures of the an- cient Egyptians, Hebrews, Hindus, and others. The series traces the ideal of “serv- ice” down through the ages to the pres- ent time, showing that the Red Cross today is doing the things which the re- vered teachers of mankind always have pointed out as marking the only path- way to enduring happiness. There are scenes exemplifying the Christmas spirit and showing the Red Cross as the medium through which the American people have carried that spirit production upon an exceptionally high plane in point of artistic beauty and ap- peal to the human sympathies. The studio settings and the services of the actors contributed to produce “The Greatest Gift” represented a money value of $10,000. One of the special features is the appearance of the famous Florence Fleming Noyes dancers. Through the courtesy of Samuel Unter- meyer these eight young women were permitted to pose in the Greek gardens of the Untermeyer estate at Hastings- on-the-Hudson. The still picture pre- sented on this page shows one of the scenes posed for in the gardens by the dancers. Illinois Training School for Nurses, of Chicago. After reports of the year’s work had been submitted by the directors of the bureaus of the department of Nursing, the plan for the extension of the nursing service to embrace educational, indus- trial, and community service was pre- sented to the committee, and met with hearty approval. Mrs. August Belmont, assistant to the War Council, spoke to the Advisory Committee on the work done by Amer- ican nurses during the war. “While the rest of us women were wondering what we could do to help,” she stated, “the nursing profession was ready for im- mediate service.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASH1NGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUV3s.CRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooD Row W. LSON. . . . . . . . . . . . - President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELtoN WILLIAMS . . e e & Treasurer JOHN W. D. Avi S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How AR D TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH • e º e º 'º' Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUs N. BLISS, J.R. H A R v FY D. GIBSON John D. RYAN GEORGE B. CASE - Ex Officio WILL, AM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 9, 1918 The Christmas Roll-Call Great care should be taken everywhere to prevent any deviation from the real purpose of the American Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call. Its sole object is to give opportunity to everybody to renew membership in, or become a member of, the Red Cross. This is a privilege which, it is assumed, every one will wish to em- brace, because the American spirit that found its most practical form of ex- pression through the Red Cross organ- ization during the war is a spirit that permeates the new era of peace which is in sight. The war galvanized into life some things that never can die. When the idea of the Christmas Roll- Call was conceived, as the happiest method of registering the national Red Cross spirit, the end of the world war was not in sight. Even then, however, emphasis was laid on the distinction be- tween the Roll-Call and tºne so-called drives for funds to carry on the exten- sive work to which the Red Cross or- ganization had become committed. It was not to be a campaign for money in any sense of the word. In case of the continuance of the war the American Red Cross would have been able to con- tinue its activities without appealing to the people for further war fund con- tributions until the spring of next year. The signing of the armistice, the ces- sation of hostilities, and the plans for demobilizing large parts of the armies, together with the prospective taking over of certain relief activities by gov- ernmental agencies, will render unnec- essary any further campaigns for Red Cross funds, so far as can be foreseen— as stated by Henry P. Davison, chair- man of the War Council, on his recent return from Europe. If the Christmas Roll-Call had been a campaign for funds it would, in simple fairness to the Amer- ican people, have been called off. But the change from war to peace pre- sented no reason for cancelling the Roll- Call plans. An army of mercy has been mobilized never to be mustered out. It is hoped that no Red Cross worker will relax one atom of interest or effort to make the Roll-Call just what it was in- tended to be in the beginning, On a CCOunt of the glorious dawn of peace. Rather, every worker should be spurred to a greater enthusiasm to make the idea of universal membership a reality. The permanency of the American Red Cross as the embodiment of the heart of Annerica should be assured. Make it unanimous! —º wº Red Cross Calendars to Chapters Red Cross 1919 calendars will soon be “. ready for the Christmas shopper. These will sell for one dollar, the profit above the actual cost of production to be re- tained by the chapters. An appropria- tion has been made by the War Council to provide for one hundred thousand of the calendars, to be distributed among the various chapters throughout the country, this money to be returned to the war fund by the chapters when the sales are completed. . The Red Cross calendar is gotten up in royal blue leather with the Red Cross insignia at the top. On each page there is space for a memorandum and heading. This will be a daily reminder of the Red Cross spirit and of Red Cross activities. In preparing the copy the committee have brought out salient facts in Red Cross history from its beginning to the present day. All the important battles of the war, the patriotic utterances of the Allied leaders, the sailings of the various Red Cross commissions, as well as other items of historical or passing interest, are recorded. . Surgical Dressing Supply Adequate Reports from the Red Cross Commis- sion for France have shown clearly that supplies of surgical dressings on hand were more than adequate to take care of American needs. In order to make certain that other hospitals were equally well provided for National Headquarters asked the Commission to find out from the “Service de Sante” the status of their supplies, and in reply received the fol- lowing cable, dated November 20: “Service de Sante stated today at meeting that they knew of no shortage of surgical dressings in French hospitals not fully met by Red Cross supply sup- plementing French. Should any specific instances of shortage in individaul hos- pitals develop, will gladly supply from our surplus stock. Further manufacture of Surgical dressings by anyone in the United States would seem to us most unfortunate expenditure of effort when abundance of surgical dressings here so evident to all.” Division Managers at Headquarters Division managers of the Red Cross met in conference with the general man- ager at National Headquarters, Decem- ber 2 and 3, represening every part of the United States and the foreign chap- ters. The purpose of this meeting was not only to discuss matters of current importance, but to welcome home from his recent trip to Europe, Mr. Davison, chairman of the War Council. The work of the conference resolved itself into a general review of what had been accomplished during the past six months and a discussion of the future activities of the Red Cross now that peace is prac- tically here. Mr. Davison reviewed the work of the European commissions and gave a very interesting account of his experiences in France and the other countries which he visited. Finance Committee for Siberia The War Council has appointed the following as members of the Finance Committee of the American Red Cross Commission for Siberia: Rudolph Boll- ing Teusler, chairman; Consul John K. Caldwell, Alfred L. Castle, Everett Welles Frazar, Charles Leroy Preston, Charles H. Smith, Henry S. Thompson, Jr., Bishop St. George Tucker. The American Red Cross was in Bruges, Belgium, the day after the Ger- mans left. . . . T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN REVIEW OF RED CROSS DISASTER RELIEF work Service Rendered on Twenty-five Major Occasions in Sixteen Months Period Money Expenditures, $800,000 Twenty-five disasters of the first mag- nitude have been handled by the Red Cross Department of Civilian Relief in the past sixteen months, beginning with the East St. Louis, Ill., race riots on July 1, 1917, and ending with the devas- tating Minnesota forest fires of late October, 1918. Within that period the Red Cross has cared for the victims of one shipwreck, seven large fires, two earthquakes, four floods, one storm, four tornados, one race riot, two munitions plants explosions, one collision of sub- way trains, one submarined steamship, and the Halifax Harbor explosion. Points as far away as Guatemala and Tien Tsin, China, have been embraced in the sweep of these disasters. In magnitude the Halifax explosion, the Guatemala earthquake, the Tien Tsin, China, flood, the Minnesota forest fires, and the Gillespie Shell Loading Plant explosion at South Amboy, N. J., were the most conspicuous and terrific catastrophes. A shipwreck occurred off Highland Light near Provincetown, Mass., on August 10, 1917, wherein nineteen Por- tuguese fishermen were drowned in a gale in which the schooners “Santos” . and “Natalie J. Nelson” were lost. Ten of these men left dependent families in Provincetown, Mass., nine left families in the Azores or in Portugal. Over fifty children were orphaned. FLOOD IN CHINA Heavy rains in the Chihli and Shan- tung plains of Northeast China, during the summer of 1917, brought all the rivers to flood and vast areas—12,000 square miles of territory—were inun- dated and 1,000,000 people rendered homeless. The property loss was esti- mated at $100,000,000 (Mexican). A cable from the American Minister at Peking brought a request from the Sec- retary of State to the American Red Cross which appropriated $200,000, au- thorized the American Minister to draw $50,000 as an initial contribution to the relief work, and requested his approval of the appointment of Roger S. Greene, of the Rockefeller General Medical Board, as a Red Cross representative. The most urgent need was for shelter during the cold weather. Gradual dyking and the pumping out of some of the flooded sections enabled some of the refugees to return to their homes by No- vember, 1917, but the suburbs of Tien Tsin were not free from water until the spring of this year (1918). The second most serious problem, lack of employ- ment, was alleviated by setting the men at work building highways between Peking and Tien Tsin, since there was no good road between those cities. The work on the roadway commenced early in December, 1917, and was completed late this year. - THE HALIFAX DISASTER The heartrending disaster at Halifax, Nova Scotia, ushered out the year 1917. On Thursday morning, December 6, 1917, the French steamer “Mont Blanc” was rammed in the channel of the har- bor of Halifax by the Belgian Relief steamer “Imo.” Twenty-six hundred tons of TNT were ignited and the re- Sulting explosion devastated the part of Halifax known as the “North End.” Fires started which swept across a con- siderable portion of the city. Over 1,000 persons were instantly killed, about 3,000 injured, of whom 691 suffered injuries to the eyes, and 41 were totally blinded. Those rendered destitute numbered about 10,000. To complete the horror, a severe blizzard swept down and iso- lated Halifax from the world. In spite of this heavy handicap, the wheels of the Red Cross disaster relief were set in- stantly in motion and workers and hos- pital staffs and supplies of every kind were in Halifax withir 72 hours. On Sunday, December 9, five carloads of window glass were ordered sent from Maine, and a few days later a complete X-Ray outfit went forward. The Amer- ican Red Cross remained in Halifax until January 15 when its work was handed over entirely to the Halifax Re- lief Commission, appointed by the Par- liament of the Dominion. On Christmas Day, 1917, Guatemala City, with a population of about 100,000, was visited by an earthquake which con- tinued intermittently for almost four weeks, entirely demolishing the city. It is interesting to note that in relieving this disaster the accomplishments of the Red Cross which were less tangible were perhaps the most important. The morale fostered, and the encourage- ment and practical aid given, by the en- rollment of high-minded volunteers proved to be of great and lasting value, both to the Red Cross and to Guate- mala. The material help consisted in the providing of shelter and food to the most needy of the sufferers, of medical and Surgical attention to the most urgent cases, the supplying of special diet, and the vaccination of many thousands against Smallpox and typhoid; the fur- nishing of transportation for persons and goods, protected water was brought within the reach of the people; and many institutions were assisted to reor- ganize their work and were given sub- stantial sums of money, equipment and supplies. Details of this disaster were still occupying the attention of the Red Cross through the autumn of the present year. - \ * February, 1918, was a month of floods and storms, a particularly severe storm wrecking the little fishing community of Atlantic, N. C. A disastrous flood oc- curred at Lock Haven, Pa., on February 21. An interesting result of the relief work at Lock Haven was the creation of a permanent welfare organization for the town. MUNITIONS EXPLOSIONs Activities of the war were directly or indirectly the source of two of the more terrible disasters of the late spring and summer of this year. The Aetna Chem- ical Company maintains nineteen plants where various explosives are manufac- tured. The first disaster occurred on May 11, at Oakdale, Pa., where there is a plant employing 425 persons. On the morning of May 18, an explosion occurred in the “Dynol” building situ- ated in the heart of the grounds. Fires spread immediately to the other build- ings until the whole place was swept with explosions. Fifty-two people were killed, forty-three are missing, and seventy-one were injured. Considerable private property was badly damaged. The emergency work was done by the Red Cross, while the material needs were at once taken care of by the com- pany, who promptly disbursed all pay due to its men who had been working. The second disaster for which the war was responsible was the torpedoing of the Porto Rican steamship “Carolina” whose survivors finally reached New York and there received the most prompt and thoroughgoing attention that organ- ized sympathy could render. (Concluded on page 7) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Red Cross Magazine for 1919 The program of The Red Cross Maga- zine for 1919 embraces the interpretation of the people of the entire “made over” world. The directory of writers who will cover world affairs forms the last word in answer to those who may have had any doubt regarding the interest that the official magazine of the Ameri- can Red Cross would hold for the public during the coming year. Wm. Allen White, journalist and novelist, author of “The Martial Adven- tures of Henry and Me” and of the re- cent very popular “The Heart of a Fool,” will cover special assignments in Europe. Ida M. Tarbell, historian, will report the Peace Conference and will write articles on the women of Europe. Ida A. R. Wylie, British novelist, author of “Toward Morning,” considered the best novel concerning Germany pub- lished during the war, will go into Ger- many as soon as the country is open. Edward Hungerford, journalist of business, goes to France to write several articles on the commercial reconstruction of that country. Charles J. Rosebault, managing editor of “The Vigilantes,” and formerly on the staff of the New York Sun, is going into the Central Empires to write of the people. William G. Sheppard, formerly for- eign correspondent of the United Press, will write twelve articles on conditions in Europe. Roger Lewis, formerly of the Associ- ated Press, is in Archangel and will write of the Russian people. L. D. Kornfield, formerly of the New York Times, has sailed for Vladivostock, to cover the conditions of the people of Siberia. Melville Chater is in Constantinople, and will cover Turkey and the Balkans in the same way. Emily F. Robbins is in France, writing about the health of the people of Europe, and the medical and surgical wonders of the war. F. N. Doubleday of the Editorial Board is on his way to England and will arrange for our representation in Eng- land and the neutral countries. Reginald T. Townsend and Francis R. Bellamy of the editorial staff of the Red Cross Magazine have general direction of the continental work from the Paris office. Ralph H. Graves, formerly Sunday editor of the New York Times, has had editorial charge of the Magazine office at Washington headquarters since Sep- tember. The editorial program is under the di- rection of John S. Phillips, and Gilman Hall is managing editor. Relief for Island Refugees An appropriation of $15,000 has been made by the American Red Cross to provide relief to refugees on the Island of Mytilene in the Aegean Sea. Word reached the Red Cross through the Greek Ministry, at Washington, that a cable from the governor of the Island of Mytilene told of serious need in fight- ing a typhus epidemic among some fifty thousand refugees from Turkey. This news was immediately referred to Colonel Perkins, at Rome, and the Commission for Italy began sending re- lief and supplies as soon as transporta- tion could be provided. The new appro- priation for this relief work will be ex- pended through this same agency. - Red Cross Gifts May Be Kept Instructions contained in a letter from the adjutant general of the army, dated March 11, 1918, to division and depart- ment commanders directing that all arti- cles of wearing apparel issued to organ- izations or individuals by the American Red Cross be accounted for on property returns has been rescinded by the chief of staff. Enlisted men will be permitted to re- tain articles issued to them by the Red Cross or other relief organizations. Praise “Flu" Work Aboard Ship Officials of the Pacific Steam Naviga- tion Company of London have written to American Red Cross Headquarters in praise of the work done by Red Cross Units in caring for influenza patients on one of the vessels of their line. “There is not the slightest doubt,” reads the letter, “that the assiduous at- tention and constant care so sympathet- ically given to our sailors, prevented the spread of this dangerous epidemic on board; and it is most gratifying to note that not one life was lost, out of twenty- seven cases, four of which developed into pneumonia. We ask that you bring to the attention of your National Head- quarters, the names of the Red Cross nurses and physicians, for their really charitable kindness in the care of our men.” Pamphlet in Great Demand The American Library Association re- port that “This Side the Trenches with the American Red Cross” has proven very popular in the camp libraries. Camp Travis, for example, which has 22 branches of the library in different parts of the camp, has kept 50 copies of this little pamphlet in circulation. The aver- age number of orders for this pamphlet for each camp has been about 50 to 75 copies. The maintenance of libraries for the soldiers will form an important part of relief agency activities while the Allied troops are still in France. AMERICAN SOLDIERS AT AN A. R. C. PARTY, BELLEVUE HOSPITAL, NEAR PARIS T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Review of Disaster Relief Work (Concluded from page 5) The third great disaster directly trace- able to war activities was the terrific ex- plosion at the Gillespie Shell Loading Plant at South Amboy, N. J., which completely ruined the plant and did enor- mous damage in the adjoining town. French and British officers who had seen four years of war on the other side de- clared that they had never beheld de- vastation that was any worse than the ruins from this explosion. Added hor- ror was lent to the disaster by the epi- demic of influenza then raging. Only the most heroic devotion to duty on the part of Red Cross workers, prevented more serious consequences than actually did result from this disaster. There was also the usual quota of tor- nadoes which visit the country in the spring of every year. In each instance the Red Cross disaster relief was an im- portant factor in alleviating the great distress. The great forest fire of the year was that in Minnesota in late October, one of the most distressing fires of its kind that the Northwest has experienced in years. The magnitude of this disaster would have been appalling, had it not been for the presence of agencies or- ganized and ready for just such emer- gencies as this, and also for the remark- able mildness of the weather and absence of high winds. Almost $800,000 has been appropri- ated or expended by the American Red Cross for relief of these various dis- asters. An “Envoi” for Scrapbooks Every scrap book sent out from the Junior Red Cross of Page County, Vir- ginia, has pasted on the back, as an “Envoi,” a poem written by John Heis- kell Booton, superintendent of schools for the county. The poem is as fol- lows: “To the bravest of the brave From the Children’s hearts and hands, To the bravest of the brave, Those who fought and fell to save Childhood’s hopes in all the lands, Little booklet go, and be, Just a little pledge—that’s all, Of the Children's loyalty, To the only royalty— Men who heeded Freedom’s Call.” Plowshares for Junior Red Cross Oklahoma Juniors are turning their hands to the plow. The Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College is promoting a Fall Plowing Garden COL. GIBSON. A. R. C. COMMISSIONER FOR FRANCE, ADDRESSING GROUP OF RED CROSS WORKERS Campaign under the auspices of the Junior Red Cross. The Juniors are can- vassing each city and town to convince the residents that fall plowing will de- stroy cut worms, improve the soil phys- ically, make it catch and retain more moisture, prepare gardens for future planting and save time and worry. The garden owner is usually converted in short order and signs up to leave his particular plot plowed. This is not purely an experiment in agricultural philanthropy. The Juniors charge $1.50 for plowing an average sized garden. They can plow ten gar- dens in a day with one team, for which they pay $7.00. A rapid calculation in mental arithmatic produces a satisfying profit of $8.00—for the school fund. Conference to Discuss Home Service Strong emphasis is to be laid on the value of the Red Cross Home Service, at the annual State Conference of Chari- ties and Corrections to be held at Colum- bus, Ohio, December 17–19, when con- sideration will be given to war problems in the community. James L. Fieser of Cleveland, director of the Bureau of Civilian Relief in the Lake Division, will speak at the first gen- eral session of the conference on the evening of December 17, and he will also conduct one of the five groups of “Sec- tion Meetings” to be held in connection with the general sessions, his subject to be “The Red Cross.” On the closing evening, W. Frank Persons, director general of Civilian Re- lief of the National Red Cross, will make one of the principal addresses, and Douglass C. McMurtrie, in charge of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, will tell of his work. Christmas on the Ocean The American Red Cross Canteen Service is equipping all trans-Atlantic steamships with Christmas trees, Christmas lighting outfits, gifts, pipes, tobacco, cigarettes, gum drops, choco- late, playing cards, games, socks, sweat- ers, comfort kits, postal cards, writing paper, pencils and other useful things. One of the officers on each ship is tak- ing charge of these articles, and on Christmas day there will be celebrations for the crews and additional ones for the returning soldiers, in the case of the ships westward bound. The canteens at all seaports are working strenuously getting the supplies on each outgoing steamer, and the director of canteens in France and England is cooperating with the director of canteens in this country, so that no ship will be on the water on Christmas day without having a fitting celebration arranged for through the American Red Cross Can- teen Service. The American Red Cross in Siberia is asking for knitted garments for the Czecho-Slovak army in Russia. 8 - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN • CHART SHOWING SOURCE OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES USED IN HOSPITALS The chart here with presented will be of interest to all Red Cross Workers, showing as it does the very important part which the Red Cross has had in the preparation of medical supplies used directly by the United States Army: RELATION OF RED CRoss AND ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT IN PRocuRadar Finished medical supplies which are used at hospitals that receive $eldiers are procured in three wayst le E. Made by Red Cross workers from materials purchased by the Medical Department - prinsipally dressings and hospital garments. These are all delivered tº Medical Department warehouses in the United States, Made by Red Cross workers from materials purchased by the Red Gross. None of this reaches the Medical Department until it has been shipped overseas. - . E. : Purohzsed by the Medical Department, with which the Red Cross has ne concern. Textiles and some * other materiaks are prooured by the Medical Department by requisition on the Quartermaster Source of information: American Red Cross Headquarters and Finance and Supply Divisiºn, Medical Departments 2e RED CRoss Mºpical pº FINANCE and SUPPLY DIVISIO'ſ Departments of DEVELOPMENT and SUPPLY wired STATES RRD GROSS CºR Rºd CRoss HOSPITALS sº he Red * Cross Bulletin Vol. II WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 16, 1918 BRIGHT OUTLOOK FOR THE CHRISTMAS ROLL-CALL Nothing in the Way of Advance Preparation Left Undone to Attract the Attention of Every American with “A Heart and a Dollar” The Roll-Call is off to a flying start. With the opening of the membership books of the American Red Cross to- day, five hundred thousand American men and women, most of them wearing will be the greatest membership cam- paign ever undertaken by any organiza- tion in the history of the world. Following a highly auspicious cam- paign opening in the form of “Red Cross contact between worker and prospective member to make it a success. During the week every man and woman in the nation is to receive a direct personal in- vitation to join the Red Cross, and it is for the accomplishment of this task that the half million workers have been trained. There is to be no let-down from now until the Roll Call closes next Monday NATIONAL AND DIVISION MANAGERS OF RED CROSS AT NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS Left to right-Front row (General Manager and Staff)—Willoughby G. Walling, Samuel M. Greer, George E. Scott, Keith Spalding, Frederick C. Munroe. Second row-John W. Morey, manager, Mountain Division; Ethan Allen, manager, Atlantic Division; C. D. Stimson, manager, Northwestern Division: James Jackson, manager, New England Division: Charles Scott, Jr., manager, Pennsylvania-Delaware Division: George W. Simmons, manager, Southwestern Division; Frank T. Heffelfinger, manager, Northern Division; A. B. C. Dohrmann, acting manager, Pacific Division: J. T. Gerould, assistant manager, Northern Division. Third row- Alan Wilson, associate manager, Pennsylvania-Delaware Division: Eugene R. Black, manager, Southern Division; Leigh Carroll, manager, Gulf Division; Otis H. Cutler, manager, Territorial, Insular and Foreign: Calvin Fentress, associate manager, Central Division; Howard W. Fenton, manager, Central Division; §§. G. Rotch, associate manager, New England Division; Colonel William Carey Sanger, acting manager, Potomac Division; B. F. Bourne, manager, Lake 1V1S1 on. the Christmas Roll-Call insignia, have Sunday,” when the message of “JOIN.” night. Commencing tomorrow the man- started upon the stupendous task of writing upon the Red Cross lists the names of every citizen in the United States. With the now world famous slogan “All You Need Is A Heart and A Dol- lar” staring America in the face from millions of bill-boards, and magazine and newspaper pages, the Red Cross is inaugurating what is confidently believed was preached from a hundred thousand pupils, the half million Roll-Call work- ers start upon their huge task full of enthusiasm and determination to outdo the highest expectations at National Headquarters. The Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call has been stimulated by every means known to modern publicity. There re- mains only the need for the personal agers of the fourteen Red Cross divisions will telegraph to National Headquarters at Washington each night the result in memberships of each day’s work, and the rivalry thus inspired is expected to add the finishing touch to the already top- notch determination by the Roll-Call managers in the various cities and coun- ties. Each day during the week the new 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN membership figures will be printed by divisions in the newspapers of the coun- try. With the exception of one or two cities where conditions are unusually bad, there is to be no let-up in the Roll-Call in towns and cities where the influenza epi- demic has shut down all other activities. In localities where the epidemic has barred public gatherings and house-to- house canvasses, the Roll-Call is to be carried on through intensive newspaper campaigns, and by telephone. Newspa- per advertisements in these cities will carry coupons, which can be mailed to Red Cross chapter headquarters in each locality, together with a dollar for each member of the family. Every house in which there is a telephone will be called by a Roll-Call worker. Where the epidemic of influenza is so bad that even these measures are for- bidden, specific permission has granted by Red Cross National Headquarters to postpone the Roll-Call until the epidemic is ended. Differing in one respect materially from the membership drive of a year ago, this year there is no lack of buttons or Red Cross service flags. In addition to the generous supplies now on hand in every chapter headquarters, there is a surplus stock of these necessary sup- plies in every division headquarters. These will be rushed out by special de- livery, as they are needed and called for by telegraph or telephone from the cities where the answer to the Roll Call is greatest. The fact that world peace is supplant- ing world war is proving no bar to the Christmas Roll-Call. The query “Will you be wearing your Red Cross button when the boys come home?” is proving more than sufficient answer to the sign- ing of the armistice. About 150,000 clergymen and churches of all denominations throughout the United States, incorporated in their ser- vices yesterday appeals to their congre- gations to sign the Roll Call. Emphasis was placed on the fact that it is a cam- paign for membership, not money. Red Cross slogans are pasted today on packages of all sorts; on menus in hotels, restaurants and dining cars, on theater and movie programs, and on the front pages of the newspapers. Every pay envelope during the week will contain a crisp new dollar bill tagged “This dollar will make you a member of the Red Cross.” Banks are cooperating in the drive to make every one a member of this or- ganization of mercy by a gentle re- minder to persons who come in to cash checks. If you cash a check at your bank you will receive your money held together by a paper band labelled “One of these dollars will make you a member of the Red Cross.” As soon as corporations reach 100 per cent membership of employees in the Roll Call they will receive a Red Cross service flag from the organization. Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call work- ers are wearing a cap and brassard of red flannel and a badge. These distinguish- ing marks were decided upon to let the public know who is authorized to re- ceive memberships. Permits to wear this uniform have been issued by chapters. A Masque, written by Percy MacKaye, will be produced during the week by chapters, branches and auxiliaries of the American Red Cross with the coopera- tion of young people's societies of the churches, Sunday schools, women's clubs, Boy and Girl Scouts, dramatic clubs, college and university students. Here to Tell of Child Welfare Work Dr. Robert G. Sharpe, of California, who has been with the Children's Bu- reau in France for more than a year, is now in this. country on furlough and in a speaking tour will tell of some of the work of this Bureau. “NOTHING-A-YEAR” WOMEN Like “Dollar-a-Year” Men,They have Rendered Loyal Service—Forty- three at R. C. Headquarters All honor has been paid to the dollar- a-year man, who has given his services to the government, but how about the volunteer woman worker, who has given her services for nothing to the American Red Cross? Forty-three women volunteers are working at American Red Cross Head- quarters in Washington. They do every- thing from sewing to sitting on the War Council. There are seven women volunteers in the Bureau of Communications, six en- gaged in Chapter Production, five in the Bureau of Personnel, four in the Nurs- ing Service, four secretaries, three in the Women's Work Department of the Ter- ritorial, Insular and Foreign Division, three in the Publicity Department, and two stenographers. There is a woman who is a public re- ception hostess, and her assistant; there is a Civilian Relief director, and a librarian and member of the Central Committee. They come from all over the country, from Kansas to Boston. The largest number has been drawn from New York, aside from Washing- ton, where the national headquarters are located. WARD A, DARTFORD HOSPITAL, LONDON, “MAKES IT UNANIMOUS” Wounded American Soldiers “Swear. In” as Christmas Members of American Red Cross–Miss Alice Leone Fleener, of San Francisco, on right T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ROLL-CALL SPELLBINDERS Notable Names Among the Six Thou sand Who Will Paint Glory of R. C. Membership War heroes of Great Britain, France and Canada, cabinet officers, senators, representatives, judges, bank presidents and editors, are included in the list of 6,000 speakers who will tell the story of the American Red Cross to audiences throughout the country during Red Cross Roll Call week. Twenty-four British officers assigned by the British Bureau of Information, sixteen French officers assigned by the French High Commission, and ten Ca- nadian officers will do their bit for the American relief organization. The British officers, under the direction of Major Eric Lancaster, have been divided into pairs, two to each of the thirteen con- tinental divisions of the American Red Cross. Every man is a veteran and every man has been wounded. The French offi- cers are under the direction of Capt. Marcel Levie. Every man has the Croix de Guerre for distinguished bravery in action. Major General Emilio Gugliel- motti, Military Attaché of the Italian Em- bassy, and Lieut. David A. Constantini, of the Italian Aviation Corps, who flew with Marconi, will also speak to make American Red Cross membership unani- In Ous. Four members of the Chinese Stu- dents’ Alliance are also among the Red Cross speakers. They are: Joshua M. J. Bau, T. T. Lew and F. H. Huang, of Co- lumbia University, and W. J. Wen, of Harvard. They are under the direction of Hon. W. P. Wei, Secretary of the Chinese Legation. Among well known Americans who will speak for the American Red Cross are: Ex-President Taft, former ambas- sador to Germany James W. Gerard, Hon. Bourke Corkran, George W. Wick- ersham, Dr. Woods Hutchinson, and Theodore E. Burton, former Senator of Ohio. Other speakers are: Capt. Alfred F. B. Carpenter, V. C. R. N., who commanded the Vindictive, who will be accommpanied by Capt Frank Schwab, Asst. Provost marshal of the Philadelphia District; Miss Kathleen Burke of the Scottish Women's Hospital; Dr. William P. Sharp, just re- turned from Red Cross work “over there”; Capt. Sterling Beardsley, Lieut. Verne Marshall, Capt. Hugh Birkhead, rector of the Emmanuel Episcopal church in Baltimore; Mr. and Mrs. James Stanley, who sang for six months behind the trenches; Mr. James E. Marshall, who was with the Allied Drive at Chateau Thierry; John R. Rathom, Editor of the Providence Journal; Dr. Thomas E. Green, assistant director of the Red Cross Speakers’ Bureau, and forty Y. M. C. A. men who have seen overseas duty. Nurses at the Front When Miss Julia Stimson, shortly be- fore the end of hostilities appointed chief nurse of the American Expedi- tionary Force, was chief nurse of the American Red Cross in France, she made frequent visits to the hospitals back of the lines to find out the needs and difficulties of her nurses, and see with her own eyes just what they had to con- tend with. For instance, at A. P. C. Hos- pital, No. 114, which had just been changed from a children's hospital to a military hospital, confusion still pre- vailed, and great benefit was derived from the visit of Miss Miss Stimson and Miss Bell, then chief nurse of the army. Then again many of the conscientious, highly trained nurses do not realize the differences between nursing under ideal and permanent conditions such as they have at home and nursing under war con- ditions. Many nurses try to work them- selves to death in order to do honor to their training and keep up a standard of service which is not necessary in war them unfit work and only renders A FAMILY OF RED CROSS KNITTERS Mrs. Wm. Schumaker, of Okabena, Minn., assisted by husband, son and daughter, made 173 pairs of socks, among other articles º for the most effective sort of effort. Under the makeshift conditions at the front, too, adjustments and readjust- ments are constantly in order, and call for the wisdom and experience of such a woman as Miss Stimson, whose own training in war work and broad-minded, practical common sense qualify her to cope with them. Miss Stimson has had much to say in praise of her nurses. Of her trip, made during the September offensive, in reference to a visit to Provisional Evac- uation Hospital under Colonel Lyall and Mobile Hospital No 4, she said: “As I stepped from the camion I went ankle-deep in mud. There were duck- boards here and there, but most of the time one was ploughing through mud. The hospitals were in a field that was a welter of mud, and I wondered how the girls were taking it. I found them flying around in rubber boots and waterproofs as cheerful as crickets. The patients were just beginning to arrive. In the operat- ing room eight tables were going at the time. The officers said the most compli- mentary things about their nurses. Their tent had fallen down about their heads in a severe storm, and all their trunks and bags and various possessions were set- ting in the mud exposed to the weather, but they were all making merry at the misfortune as part of the game. Every- where the officers with whom I talked were quite enthusiastic about the way things were going.” THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mail; as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUV3SCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WoODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . - President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. D.A.V. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTon AxSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " Secretary WILLIAM Howard TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CORNELIUS N. BLISS, JR, JESSE H. JONES GEORGE E. Scott GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILL AM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSworth WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 16, 1918 Roll-Call Week This should be one of the red letter “ weeks in the annals of the American Red Cross. Universal enrollment in the greatest army of mercy the world ever has known is the goal, and an approxi- mation of that objective will be a glorious climax to the humanitarian work performed by the Red Cross or- ganization during the war. The books are open and all that is necessary to in- sure the success of the undertaking is the riveting of everybody’s attention. Energetic effort on the part of the vet- eran members of the Red Cross in the communities of the country will make that easy. One of the results of the war has been the welding of the Red Cross spirit and the Christmas spirit. This is no evanes- cent union. The Red Cross spirit and the Christmas spirit having been estab- lished as identical, the yearly reaffirma- tion of allegiance to the cause of mercy in its widest sense, at this particular sea- son, should become as automatic as it is possible to make it. The Red Cross in the windows of American homes should become as commemorative of the sea- son's spirit as the wreath of holly. Now that peace on earth has come again, the double significance of the holiday is emphasized. From still another point of view, prac- tical rather than sentimental, the per- m.anency of the Red Cross organization is as logical following the world war as the establishment of a league of nations, or any other scheme that may be devised to insure the world's future peace. Not only must the grand army of mercy never be mustered out, but it must go on growing as the armies of destruction are demobilized and finally melt away. Along with the policy of preventing war will stand the policy of minimizing the suffering that exists in the world from any cause. The war has been a great teacher; its lessons must endure for all time. One of its lessons summons everybody to the standard of humani- tarianism. With a nucleus of twenty-two million members, the American Red Cross cer- tainly is in position to fulfill the measure of its ideal to the approximate limit. With such an army there can be no fail- ure in any purpose, if energy marks the Spirit. Let every worker, therefore, go to it with determination to— Make it unanimous! The Red Cross and Germany Several letters have been received at Red Cross National Headquarters, ask- ing if any Red Cross money is to be used for the benefit of Germany or the Cen- tral Powers. The general manager has written a cir- cular letter to division managers, stating that in case they receive such inquiries they may answer them in the following way: “No relief work of any kind whatever is contemplated by the American Red Cross within the Central Powers, except Such as may be possible for the bene- fit of American or Allied prisoners, refu- gees and internes.” It is understood, of course, that the regular field activities of the Red Cross will be carried on in connection with the army of occupation. Lieut. Henry E. Wise of Long Branch, N. J., Red Cross man in charge of Franco-American Canteen No. 1, has been twice cited for bravery in discharge of his duty, the second citation carrying with it the coveted “croix de guerre” of France. Reception and Gift to Mr. Davison A reception in honor of Henry P. Da- vison, chairman of the War Council, was held at the Red Cross building, Thurs- day evening, December 12. A gift from the headquarters staff, in the form of a bronze statuette representing “The Great- est Mother in the World,” was presented to Mr. Davison by Mrs. J. M. Dugan. C. Gloe, of Omaha, was the sculptor, and the work was executed by the American Art Bronze Foundry. The statuette bears the following inscription: To Henry P. Davison Chairman Red Cross War Council from his associated workers at National Headquarters An expression of admiration for him as a great leader and affection for him as a man. Washington, D. C., December 12, 1918. The decorations and reception arrange- ments were carried out under the direc- tion of the A. R. C. Woman’s Club. Forty Red Cross girls in uniform acted as ushers and later in the evening as host- esses. The Marine Band furnished music. Mrs. August Belmont recited “The Battle Hymn of the Republic.” Those in the receiving line were: Mrs. John J. Morehead, Miss Ina Taft, Mrs. Alice Ross, Mrs. J. M. Dugan, Miss Mary Dugan, Miss Helen Seymour, Miss Sara E. Nieman, Mrs. August Belmont, and Mr. Bliss and Mr. Case, of the War Council. Porto Rican Chapter Activities The Porto Rican Chapter of the In- sular and Foreign Division of the Red Cross has again shown itself 100 per cent efficient in emergency work. Charles Hartzell, chairman, reports that food and medical assistance has been furnished during the influenza epidemic to all de- pendent families of soldiers. In the recent earthquake relief work there, the Red Cross chose to raise its own relief funds, and within a few days, more than $7,000 had been collected. Within a few hours after the disaster, Surgeons and hospital supplies were hur- ried by automobile to the suffering towns, while the women of the chapter worked day and night to make surgical dressings, hospital supplies and refugee garments. Red Cross women established kitchens where food was served to the long lines of victims. Supplement to The Red Cross Bulletin, December 16, 1918 AMERICAN RED CROSS NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS STAFF, DECEMBER, 1918 MEMBERS OF WAR COUNCIL IN CENTER FOREGROUND T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN TO SERVE ON WAR COUNCIL George E. Scott, General Manage1. and Jesse H. Jones, Director of Military Relief, Made Members President Wilson has appointed George E. Scott, of Chicago, and Jesse H. Jones, of Houston, Texas, to be members of the Red Cross War Council, to fill the places made vacant by the resignations of John D. Ryan and Harvey D. Gibson. Mr. Gibson will continue as chairman of the European Commission of the American Red Cross. As his remaining war work with the Red Cross will be carried on abroad, he tendered his resignation from the War Council. Mr. Scott is first vice-president of the American Steel Foundries. He joined the national organization of the Red Cross as a full time volunteer in June, 1917. He has served successively as as- sistant general manager and general man- - Photo by Bachrach GEOR GE. E. SCOTT ager, and will retain the latter position as a member of the War Council. When the plans for decentralizing the Red Cross work were inaugurated, Mr. Scott was made director of Division Organiza- tion, and had charge of the organization of the fourteen divisions. Mr. Jones is another of the men of large business affairs who gave up private interests to serve the nation when the United States entered the war. As di- rector general of the Red Cross Depart- ment of Military Relief for the past fif- teen months he has been big brother to four million men in khaki. Mr. Jones was born on a Tennessee farm in 1874. He went to Texas at the age of nineteen, T- and was the manager of a large lumber business before he was old enough to vote. His home is in Houston, where he is known for his great interest in civic and philanthropic affairs. He is identi- fied with many industrial and financial in- stitutions. - The resolutions under which the War Council was created as a temporary man- JESSE. H. JONES aging organization by the Central Com- mittee of the Red Cross, the permanent governing body, provided for the ap- pointment of the members by the presi- dent of the United States, who is the president of the Red Cross. The War Council will serve until its existence is terminated by resolution of the Central Committee. Big Showing On Early Start Berks County Chapter, in the Penn- sylvania Division, has won the honor of being the first Red Cross chapter to start “over the top” in the Christmas Roll Call. On Wednesday, December 10, six days before the actual date set for the opening of the 1919 Roll Call, the following telegram was received by Gen- eral Manager George E. Scott, at Na- tional Headquarters from Ira W. Strat- ton, chairman of the Berks County Chap- ter: “Philadelphia and Reading Railroad shops at Reading report one hundred per cent Red Cross membership, with four thousand members. They had a street parade this afternoon, headed by their shop band. They now propose to enroll their families, and have formed a com- mittee to make one hundred per cent squares throughout the city.” TRIBUTE TO NOBLE WOMAN Nursing Service of the Red Cross Suf. fered a Severe Loss in Death of Mrs. Frederick Tice After a three days' illness, Mrs. Fred- erick Tice, one of the organizers of the Nursing Service of the Red Cross, and for many years a member of the National Committee of the Department of Nurs- ing, died at her home in Chicago, Octo- ber 20, 1918. In all the discussions and deliberations which have led up to the formation of the Nursing Service of the Red Cross, Mrs. Tice has represented the spirit and the ideals of the nurses of the Middle West. Born in the State of Minnesota, and graduated from the Illinois Training School for Nurses, which has prepared so many women for their country's ser- vice, she represented all that was best and finest in that section of the country which has long stood for progress and high ideals. Her marriage to one of the most eminent physicians of Chicago fur- thered, if such a thing were possible, her interest in the profession which she always loved. During the years of the development of the Red Cross, Mrs. Tice was always eager to respond to any call from Red Cross Headquarters, and often at great personal sacrifice, came to Washington several times a year to advise and direct the development of the service. When the demands of war became overwhelming, Mrs. Tice was among the first to respond for definite and active service. As a volunteer, she devoted her entire time to the direction of the Teach- ing Center of the Red Cross in Chicago. She was especially interested in the prep- aration of women for reconstruction work, and through her untiring efforts, classes were organized under the super- vision of Mrs. Roy Schlagle at the Chi- cago Teaching Center. Her clear vision led her to see the future needs for this service, and her efforts were amply justi- fied when the surgeon general of the army called into military service large groups of women trained under her su- pervision. It is probable that, had the war continued her development of classes for reconstruction work would have been placed on a permanent basis, and used as one of the centers of prepa- ration of this work by the Surgeon Gen- eral. - In all her relations, Mrs. Tice em- bodied the spirit of the Red Cross. 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN WHAT ITALY NEEDS MOST Red Cross Hand of Brotherhood is More Important than Money Aid, Says Countess By ANNE LEWIS PIERCE The Countess Maria A. Loschi has left her Red Cross nursing on the Italian front and, accredited by her government, has come to America to study first our schools, next our welfare work and then “everything that American women are doing” and how they do it. With all the fatuousness of the exploring inter- viewer I dared to query blandly: “What is the most important service that the American Red Cross could render to Italy?” Without the charm of flashing, far- seeing eyes and pic- - “For instance, if you give a milk sta- tion or a soup canteen, let the cost be what it may, you may bear nine-tenths of it, but let there be a small charge, five centimes, that the people may have their food and their self respect both at your wise and gracious hands. “In the country about Venice, one of our richest provinces, where agriculture and the silk industry flourish, where there was much wheat and corn, villages have been destroyed, and Madame,” she finished quaintly, “the ground is all up- set.” There are profiteers in Italy as in America. There are places where there is food and others where there is none, and but little coordination of need and supply. For so long there has been no bread for anyone worth eating. It was a game at table to examine the bread little babies die like flies for lack of care. “You see why we need your example, your teachers, more even than your money, grateful as that is to us in our special needs and to start the work. The priceless gift that America has for Italy, money can not buy when it is merely placed in our hands. Only the wise transforming of this money into service, nurses, institutions and teachers can save Italy from threatening want and the fol- lowers of the red flag who may try to destroy what is bad, but who do not know how to build up what is good.” ::: -k -k These, in plain English words, were the ideas that surged and throbbed through the Italian woman's warmly colored phrases. Women all around the world are thinking these same thoughts to- day. It will be a dire turesque broke n English, this is what the Italian noble- woman said from her heart and her deep and intimate knowledge of her country's needs: “More even than your money, Italy needs the hand of brotherhood — your understanding, your teachers—that may learn methods and know how to carry on when the American Red Cross is gone. There is always dan- ger, when there is w e your a generous spending of money among people who have had but little, that they will think the giving means nothing to the donor; and there will be exploitation. “Send us teachers who speak our lan- guage and know our psychology and un- derstand our religious feelings. Often there are wonderful Americans who have lived long among us whom the Red Cross could well use to carry out its plans. Money we need—need desper- ately—to begin the work of reconstruct- ing, but it is the gift of your hearts and minds and hands—your example—that we must have to carry the work to com- pletion. Without these the money will be only barren metal, breeding little but a feeling that the rich American is giving generously but carelessly of his super- abundance. loss if their hands do curiously and make wagers as to what it was made of. Chopped straw, sawdust and a little grain, perhaps, would be the diagnosis. The brightness died out of the face of the Italian emissary and she was all woman as her mind turned to the needs of the children. “At the Brofotrofio, the govermental institution where illegitimate children may be left, ninety per cent of the babies die. There is little or no sanitary, sci- entific care of them. Many children may be bathed in the same water. They are not properly fed and when they die the nurses say piously: ‘There is another lit- tle angel for heaven,” forgetting that men and women are needed to rebuild Italy. Your Judge Lindsay had tears in his eyes when he saw these places where AMERICAN RED CROSS TENT HOSPITAL IN ITALY not meet in service. In these times more than ever before, “The gift without the giver is bare.” The almost over- whelming strength and wealth a n d eagerness of the New World can save the priceless grace and mellowness and beauty of the Old World if we give humbly and wisely. The fruits of victory may rot in our hands if we fail to give with understanding. Record Month in Italy American Red Cross activities in Italy for the month of November nearly doubled the work done in any previous month. This was due to conditions following the Armistice, particularly the necessity of providing for the starv- ing population of liberated districts north of the Piave, and for returning Italian prisoners. During November more than 150 car- loads of foodstuffs, clothing and medi- cal supplies were sent by the American Red Cross into reconquered territory. The total of rations served to civilians in the liberated area has been consider- ably more than 1,000,000. Let the announcement on next Mon- day be, “It was unanimous.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - 7 “WHEN YOU GET HOME” Booklet of That Title Tells Return- ing Soldiers Just the Things They Ought to Know In order that every man released from service in the American Army or Navy may resume his position in civil life with a full understanding of his rights under special war legislation the American Red Cross is printing a booklet entitled “When You Get Home.” A copy of this will be attached to the discharge papers of every man released from camp. At the suggestion of General Munson of the General Staff this material has also been sent by special messenger to Paris, in order that it may be reprinted and dis- tributed to men embarking for home. Six hundred thousand copies are to be printed as the Army Edition and the Navy will be similarly supplied. In the preamble of the book the pur- pose of the Red Cross is stated as the desire to put at the service of returning fighters either information or more sub- stantial help as they may need it. “Our greatest opportunity to be of service,” the preamble says, “may come while you and your family are getting back to every- day life. Whatever we shall have the opportunity to do, working with you, we shall gladly do through the Home Ser- vice section of the Red Cross.” The book gives condensed but easily understood in- formation upon such topics as “Why Government Insurance should be kept up and how,” “What compensation has been established by the Government for in- jury or disease,” “How arrears of pay may be applied for,” “What special legis- lation has been passed for the protection of the soldier and how advantage may be taken of it,” “What opportunities and plans have been provided for disabled men,” “The general plans of the Govern- ment for the benefit of soldiers and sail- ors,” and the “Plans of the Red Cross for supplementing the Government’s work.” Canteens and the Home-Coming Red Cross workers at the 700 railroad canteens are to do their part in wel- coming home our victorious fighting men. The more than 50,000 women serving at these canteens, which are to be found at practically every important railroad junc- tion between the Atlantic and the Pacific, are waiting to provide the returning sol- diers with refreshments, and to extend words of appreciation for their heroic achievements. Having looked after the comfort of these American boys prac- tically from the time they left their homes for the great adventure, the Red Cross, through the efforts of the canteen workers, is going to see them safely home and make the last stage of their journey as pleasant as possible. Every canteen will be decorated with American and Red Cross flags and brass bands will be on hand to welcome the troop and hospital trains. In order that there shall be no lack of decoration at any of the canteens along the lines of travel the Red Cross has distributed at these points more than 100,000 yards of bunt- ing bearing the national and the Red Cross emblems. Plans for the canteen celebrations have also included the pur- chase of more than 1,000,000 small Amer- ican and Red Cross flags, boutonnieres of ribbon and Red Cross pins, all of which will be distributed to the soldiers. As a result of the decorations at these junc- tion celebrations, which will serve as connecting links in the welcomes ex- tended by cities, towns and crossroads, the American fighting man will be in a red, white, and blue whirl from the time he leaves the debarkation point until he lands on his own doorstep. Meeting of Public Health Nurses The newly appointed division directors of the Bureau of Public Health Nursing Service, American Red Cross, met at National Headquarters December 6 and 7, to discuss plans for Red Cross Public Health activities in the future. The duties of the division directors of the Red Cross Bureau of Public Health will be to cooperate with the state and local committees, to extend the work of the Nursing Service, especially to the most remote parts of the country, where, hitherto, there have been few, if any, available nursing resources. The Red Cross will also cooperate with public health activities to embrace wide fields of health education. -- Miss Mary Cole, formerly superin- tendent of the Visiting Nurses’ Associa- tion of Santa Barbara, Cal., has been ap- pointed to represent the Pacific Division at San Francisco. Miss Emma Grittin- ger, of Seattle, for some time superin- tendent of the Visiting Nurses’ Associa- tion of Portland, Oregon, and for the past several months field secretary for the Nursing Service of the Red Cross in the Northwestern Division, will repre- sent Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Miss Olive Chapman, of Denver, a direc- tor of the National Organization ºf Public Health Nursing and state nurse for the Women’s Committee of the Colo- rado Council of National Defense, will Serve as the director for the Mountain Division. Miss Ethel Parsons, of St. Louis, who is also a director of the National Or- ganization of Public Health Nursing and a member of the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service, will repre- sent the Southwestern Division. Miss Parsons has served for some time as the chief nurse of the sanitary zone at San Antonio, Texas. Mrs. Grace Engblad, of New Orleans, who has also served as chief nurse in the sanitary zones near the Gulf, will represent Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama. Miss Matilda Johnson, of Washington, D. C., who has been acting as Traveling Supervisor of the Bureau of Public Health of the Red Cross Nursing Service, will represent the Potomac Division. Other appointments in the Lake, New England, Atlantic, Pennsylvania, and Central divisions are pending. War Council Views Red Cross Films Members of the War Council and heads of departments at Red Cross National Headquarters were the guests of the Mo- tion Picture Bureau last Monday €Vetº- ing, when six films produced by the Red Cross were exhibited. Joseph Johnson, director of the Bureau of General Pub- licity, stated that the Red Cross now is a producer and exhibitor of film, after the pattern of the commercial producers and distributors. At present a weekly re- lease is being made. The films shown be- fore the Red Cross officials were: 1.—“Red Cross Day at Chicago War Exposition, September 5, 1918.” Show- ing parade of Chicago Chapter and scenes inside War Exposition grounds. - 2.—“Soothing the Heart of Italy.” How the Red Cross restored the morale of the Italian people and their armies. 3.—“Historic Fourth of July in Paris.” 4.—“The Greatest Gift.” Special picture for the Roll-Call; studios, settings, and players contributed by the Famous Play- ers-Lasky Corporation. 5.—“Victorious Serbia.” Made from War Film taken in Serbia by Howard H. Logan and Spencer H. Logan, Chicago boys who went with the Red Cross Mis- sion to Serbia. 6.—“Kiddies of No Man’s Land.” Chil- dren in the devastated regions of France and Belgiumm mothered by the Red Cross. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN MOTOR CORPS SERVICE, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Women Volunteers' Work, in Terms of Millions of Hours Donated and Miles Operated—Met Severe Tests—Still Must “Carry On” The Motor Corps Service of the American Red Cross has made a re- markable record since its organization on a national basis, less than a year ago. Its efficiency has been thoroughly estab- lished, and its value as one of the Red Cross activities of the future looms large in the contemplation of work from the peace, and war-peace transition, points of view. One of the tests to which the Motor Corps Service was put occurred in con- nection with the influenza epidemic. From reports reaching National Head- quarters from all over the country it is evident that many hundreds of lives were saved through the really heroic work performed by the women of the corps. - satsand small, these women ăithºurs of the day and sºng from thirty- *-autºat a stretch, and hºrse he hundred hours º a "wā; in many instances, carrying patients from places of luxury and pov- º Jºlſº * … . . gº.…. ; iº erty alike—on stretchers, in sheets and blankets, on chairs or on their backs; carrying doctors, nurses, medical Sup- plies and food—even cooking food, scrubbing floors, bathing patients and caring for the dead. All this was done in addition to the regular work. No legit- imate assignment was refused and no danger shirked. AIDING REFUGEES Again, at the time of the Perth Amboy munitions plant disaster, the Motor Corps Service was of inestimable value in providing shelter, food, clothing and medical attention for the refugees, and in transporting doctors, nurses and relief workers. - More recently the return to this coun- try of wounded soldiers in increasing numbers has found the women of the service—volunteers all—ever-ready to give aid in the transportation of the sufferers from ship to hospital or other destination. • . The Bureau of Motor Service was es- tablished at National Red Cross Head- quarters in February, 1918. Its purpose was to enlarge the service which pre- viously had been developed independ- ently by many chapters, to stimulate the organization of new corps, and to regu- late and standardize their operation and encourage their cooperation with other activities of the Red Cross. By the last of June there were about one hundred Red Cross Motor Corps or- ganized and operating throughout the United States. At present there are 297, with a membership of 11,604, not includ- | ing the auxiliaries which give occasional service when called upon. The women of the corps (mostly with cars) give an average minimum service amounting an- nually to more than 6,864,000 service hours, which, figured in dollars, represent a very large donation to the Red Cross. In nearly all cases the women donate the use of their cars free of expense, which puts at the service of the Red Cross a motor car equipment of fully $17,000,000 value, the gasoline cost and wear and tear on which amount to a considerable sum. The women of the Motor Corps contribute annually to the Red Cross ap- proximately operated. A Look AHEAD Since the signing of the armistice there has been considerable speculation regard- ing the future of the Motor Service. In this connection it is pointed out that, during the period of demobilization and return of the wounded, there will be even more than heretofore to be done, espe- cially by the First Division of Motor Corps (ambulance and truck drivers) at ports of debarkation and points where hospitals are located. There also will be a great opportunity for cooperation with the canteen, Home Service and Civilian Relief organizations and in helping with the salvage. - - Always, it is suggested, there will be opportunities of service for local chari- ties, hospitals and dispensaries, and in connection with various civic and gov- ernment activities. In the various Lib- erty Loan drives the Red Cross Motor Corps rendered valuable service. When disasters or epidemics occur the Motor Service will be of invaluable benefit. The National Headquarters Bureau advises that the Motor Corps should continue on an adequate scale as part of the chapter organizations. The hours of service, it states, should be gradually de- creased in accordance with local condi- , tions and needs until a regular peace basis is arrived at. It is not desired that 34,320,000 service miles members continue to report when there is nothing to do, but it is suggested that adequate service be provided for, either by reporting regularly for a certain annount of service, or by satisfactory ar- rangements for being on call. It would be well, it is declared, for each corps to submit its plan to division headquarters for suggestions. Why Sailings Were Cancelled . Immediately the armistice terms were signed, the commissions of the American Red Cross in Europe cabled that all plans for sending personnel to Europe should be cancelled, with the exception of certain specific cases. Several hundred persons who had al- ready obtained their passports had been authorized to proceed to Europe, but be- fore they could sail further cabled ad- vices came from the Red Cross Commis- sions in Europe to cancel all plans for additional personnel. g The sending of further personnel was made unnecessary by the fact that fol- lowing the signing of the armistice so many people in Europe, whose activities had previously been closely associated with the prosecution of hostilities, were released for other services. This situation has resulted in a Con- siderable number of people reaching the ports cf embarkation after having made all their plans for European service. Many who had planned to go had said good-bye to their friends, and naturally were embarrassed when their sailings were cancelled. The officers of the Red Cross have been greatly distressed at the necessity of disappointing so many who had, with fine spirit and loyalty, made plans and sacrifices, to go to Europe in Red Cross service. It is felt, however, that full un- derstanding of the circumstances will make everyone appreciate the unwisdom of sending abroad anyone whose services are not needed. This is especially true because of the extreme difficulty of ar- ranging for return passage for those who go from now on. To send additional personnel under such conditions would be fair neither to them nor to the Red Cross. - The Red Cross has arranged that every such person. receives an acknowledgment of their service and a statement as to why it could not be availed of, and it is hoped that this public statement will make clear why the change had to be made. Luº ed Cross Bulletin ºw. Of WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 23, 1918 ROLL-CALL DEVELOPED MUCH ENTHUSIASM Whole Nation Showed the Red Cross Spirit—Influenza Epidemic Interfered With Registration in Some Sections Reports received at National Headquar- ters up to the time this issue of The Bul- letin went to press, showed that the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call was progress- Apparently the interest in the Roll-Call grew as it progressed, the efforts to regis- ter the entire population of many com- munities equaling in every way the on Wednesday night, when Fifth Avenue was turned into the “Avenue of Mercy” was not only one of the notable events of the week, but one of the most notable affairs of its kind in the history of the American metropolis. Early reports from the Atlantic Di- vision stated that the Roll-Call was going strong. Eight per cent of the en- war council of the AMERICAN RED CRoss– December 1918 Left to right—Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., George B. Case, Eliot Wadsworth, Henry P. Davison, George E. Scott, Jesse H. Jones ing with great enthusiasm throughout the country. In some of the divisions the in- fluenza epidemic, with the consequent quarantine and closing of public meeting places, was proving a difficult handicap, but all the reports stated that the Red Cross workers were exhibiting great en- thusiasm under existing conditions, whether favorable or unfavorable. energy put forth to make big showings during the war fund drives and in con- nection with the Liberty Loan cam- paigns. In various parts of the country spectacles to attract public attention and keep the people keyed up to the proper Roll-Call spirit have surpassed previous efforts along the same line. The Red Cross demonstration in New York City tire division was enrolled the first day. By noon on Tuesday more than a half million persons had enrolled. In the Pennsylvania-Delaware Divi- sion 174,122 had registered up to four o'clock Tuesday afternoon, and the Roll- Call was reported going strong in all sections. (Concluded on page 8) 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN NURSING SURVEY ABROAD Miss Delano win sail This week to Study Conditions Applying to Reconstruction Program Miss Jane A. Delano, director of the Department of Nursing of the American Red Cross, is to go to France to make a general survey of the nursing situation abroad, with special reference to the re- construction program of the Red Cross Nursing Service. Miss Delano will sail December 24, on the United States troop- ship Leviathan. In addition to other army personnel, General Jefferson R. Kean, who was formerly Director-Gen- eral of Military Relief of the Red Cross and who is well-known through the de- velopment of Base Hospitals, also will return to France. “The Department of Nursing of the Red Cross,” says Miss Delano, “has dur- ing the past eighteen monhs supplied 20,494 graduate nurses for military serv- ice. Of this number, 18,000 are serving the Army Nurse Corps, 10,000 of which are now overseas. I feel that I will be of far more service to the Red Cross in the future if I see at first hand the con- ditions, especially in the Base Hospitals organized by the Red Cross, under which these nurses have worked so heroically for the past two years.” There are at present between 400 and 500 nurses in France, working directly under the Red Cross for the civilian pop- ulation. As the health of the majority of European countries has been greatly un- dermined by the insufficient food, the lack of medical and nursing care, and the countless other deprivations of war, there probably will be an opportunity for American nurses to serve along lines of public health nursing, as well as in the hospitals for children, tuberculosis and obstetrical patients, and in convalescent homes and dispensaries now already es- tablished under the Red Cross. Millions of Christmas Parcels A total of 2,212,431 Christmas parcels has been forwarded to the American Ex- peditionary Forces overseas, which makes it practically certain that every fighting man, nurse and Red Cross worker will receive holiday reminders from relatives and friends in the United States. The parcels were collected by the American Red Cross and have been going overseas for the last month, the final consignment leaving here on De- cember 10, a date early enough to insure their distribution in time for the cele- bration. The War Department is re- sponsible for the delivery of the parcels on the other side and to facilitate dis- tribution had them sorted out at the Ho- boken terminal and shipped by company units. About 96,000 sacks were required to carry the good cheer. American Red Cross cantinieres and nurses marched in the parade that cele- brated the return of Alsace-Lorraine, in Paris. Convalescent American Soldiers Enjoy Real American Food in A. R. C. Recreation Tent, American Military Hospital, Auteuil. RELIEF WORK IN MADEIRA American Red Cross Influence Saved Population from Starvation— Provision for Future The War Council has appropriated the sum of 4,750 for the purpose of aiding until June 1, 1919, charities in the island of Madeira which have been receiving as- sistance during the war. This island, by reason of its geographical position, suf- fered almost continuous famine during the years of the war, owing to the allied blockade and the submarine menace, not to speak of the general food shortage confronting the world. Madeira pro- duces very little grain and its popula- tion of 100,000 is dependent upon foreign markets for its food. When Harrison Dibblee, the American Red Cross representative, reached the island in the summer of 1918, he found the situation very serious. The natives were literally starving; babies were liv- ing skeletons, having been deprived of milk diet for months. An emergency shipment of corn was obtained from the Morrocan government in September, and the Red Cross now is assuring a ration of seventy-two quarts of milk a day to the Children's Free Hospital in Funchal, the capital, as well as a substantial ration of corn and sugar. An emergency fund of $5,000 for use in Madeira and the Azores was expended in part for the operation of soup kitchens, maintenance of a nursery in which children of the poor are cared for while their mothers are employed in the factories, and also to provide for a monthly contribution of ap- proximately $120 to the Portuguese Red Cross for the maintenance of a free dis- pensary, which otherwise would have been discontinued. Mr. Dibblee collected from the mer- chants of Funchal the sum of $35,000 for the 500 tons of corn shipped from Mor- roco. The Red Cross is committed to the replacement of this corn in France, which can be done at less cost than the amount paid by the merchants of Fun- chal. The excess received will be ap- plied on the appropriation to continue re- lief work. The net result is that the Red Cross has rendered noble service to the inhabitants of Madeira at no cost to it- self aside from the emergency fund. The city of Funchal has written its thanks to the American Red Cross for the work that has been accomplished in assuring adequate sustenance for the islanders. THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN ADDRESS TO MR. DAVISON Esteem of Workers at Red Cross Headquarters Expressed in Gift to Their Chief At a reception held at Red Cross Na- tional Headquarters on the evening of December 12, 1918, in honor of Henry P. Davison, the headquarters' workers, numbering 1,191 persons, presented to the chairman of the War Council a statuette representing “The Greatest Mother in the World.” The presentation address was made by Mrs. J. M. Dugan, of the Department of Accounts. It fol- lows: - “Mr. Davison: “I am privileged to have been selected to speak to you on behalf of the em- ployees of the Red Cross and to express to you, as well as I may, the sentiments that we have for you. It is a privilege that I accept with pride, but undertake with some misgivings. You have meant, and will always mean so much to us that I wish that someone more gifted than I might give expression to our thoughts so that that expression would be as lasting as our sentiments are deep. “In ordinary peace time vocations it is not always easy to find inspiration in one’s work. Routine tasks become op- pressive because they are routine. Little frictions develop almost without cause and are trying. Many think that their return is not adequate for what they give, and keep this thought before them as they work. Each person's task is thought of as something unrelated to other tasks and the larger picture of each person doing his part in cooperation with others toward a fine end is sometimes blurred. “But all of those things were forgotten by those of us who were fortunate enough to work for the Red Cross. We were inspired by one cause and by our leader. The routine task that had been trying now became easy. We found that you, our leader, breathed a spirit into the organization which made our frictions an almost forgoten memory. Thoughts of salary were forgotten in thoughts of service. For the first time the relation of our individual task to the things that all of our associates were doing became dear, and with all that was in us—as the Greatest Mother in the World—we worked in close cooperation for a great end. “It may be thought that all of these things would have come along from the fact that we were playing a part in the Lt. Col. Homer Folks and Staff, now making R. C. Survey of Near East Conditions. Col. Folks third from right. war. We did feel that, and it gave us deep satisfaction. But we knew that it was not this alone. Countless others took a part in the war work, but we found that the spirit permeating our place was unique. We had the inspira- tion that comes from high leadership as well as the inspiration that comes from taking a part in the war. That leader- ship was given by our War Council and particularly by you, its Chairman. “We all feel that we are stronger and finer people than we were when you came here to be our leader. We have learned new standards of work and serv- ice. We have found what it means to work for a leader who brings inspiration into our work. Believing and feeling all these things deeply, it would be strange indeed if we did not look upon you with an affectionate admiration—if we did not have for you a loyalty that nothing could change. No matter what the future may hold for us, we shall always look back at the past months as among the fullest in our lives, and we shall especially treas- ure our recollections of you, the War Council, the Red Cross, and all that you meant to us. “And now, Mr. Davison, I have a very pleasant task to perform. It was felt by all of us here that in the years to come you should have some permanent expres- sion of our affection and admiration for you. Much thought was devoted to what we might give you which would most adequately express these feelings and we believe that what we are about to give you best conveys those sentiments. I am sure it will interest you to know that it is a gift of the entire personnel at National Headquarters. Eleven hundred and ninety-one of your associated work- ers have had an equal part in presenting this to you.” In accepting the gift Mr. Davison spoke of the “Red Cross family” with much feeling, declaring that the occasion was one that would be a particularly ten- der memory because of its wholly per- sonal nature, whereas, on many other oc- casions on which he had received honors, the honors really were intended for the American Red Cross as an organization, of which he happened to be the represen- tative on whom to “pin the medals.” Will Confer with President Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, at the request of President Wilson, sailed for Paris on the Adriatic last week, to confer on matters relating to the Red Cross. - Manager of Potomac Division Colonel William Cary Sanger has as- sumed the management of the Potomac Division of the American Red Cross, succeeding Henry White, who has gone to France as a member of the American Peace Delegation. Colonel Sanger has been associate manager of the division. T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mail; as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SURSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WOODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . President Robert W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How AR D TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CORNELIUS N. BLIss, JR, JESSE H. Jon ES GEORGE E. SCOTT GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILL, AM. How ARD TAft ELIOT WADSWORTH WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 23, 1918 The Work To Be Done A casual glance at the head-lines in the newspapers these days, followed by a little reflection, is sufficient to show the need of Red Cross work in the years of the new peace. Reading of the news below the head-lines, and deeper reflec- tion, will lead to conviction regarding the tremendous importance of the work in question—the mighty significance of the tasks that confront the humanitarian energies of the world. The magnitude of the situation which faces the armies of mercy would be staggering if the senses of mankind had not been more or less benumbed by the succession of Schocks that four years of carnage have supplied. With the return of reason to something like normal the idea is growing that a world made safe for democracy must also be made safe from physical misery and distress, to the limit of human power. The health of the world suddenly has taken on an importance with the peace of the world. The whole habitable globe Still is suffering from an epidemic that is claiming a toll comparable with the casu- alties of the greatest war. Relief for the suffering from all causes—war and plague, and disaster of all sorts—must continue to be one of the main things to occupy the attention of civilization in the coming years. The medical correspondent of The London Times wrote a few days ago that there seem to be reasonable grounds to believe that 6,000,000 persons throughout the world have died of influenza and pneumonia during the last twelve weeks. On this estimate the plague is five times more deadly than the war, which, it is estimated, has caused the death 20,000,000 persons in four and one-half years. Never since the “Black Death” has such a plague swept the earth. The ravages of the epidemic in our own country have been awful; how much worse they might have been had the relief agencies, of which the Red Cross was the striking example, not had splendid organizations to throw into the field, is something that carries a lesson that should last for all time. The war has been a great training School. And its lessons have been two- fold with respect to the relief side of the equation. Such wonders as have been ac- complished in the name of mercy, while frightfulness was wreaking its vengeance on the earth, have shown the unlimited possibilities of humanitarian effort, along whatever line directed. That is one les- Son. The other is the duty of mankind to give more systematic attention than ever before to the welfare of its fellows. These lessons have formed the un- derlying inspiration for the American Red Cross movement for universal mem- bership, which has had its grand initia- tion in the Christmas Roll-Call during the last week. As far as the Red Cross organization is concerned, no time is being lost during the War-peace transition period in pre- paring for the obvious permanent work of the future. On another page of this number of The Bulletin, Miss Jane A. De- lano tells some interesting facts concern- ing the program of nursing activity and education which, it is hoped, will lead to great accomplishments in the safe- guarding of the public health. There is in prospect a development of the Red Cross movement throughout the World on even broader lines than the war developed, ready for any future emer- gency as well as equipped to carry on the work already inherited. Permanent Chapter in Paris A Paris district chapter of the Ameri- can Red Cross has been created, thereby establishing a permanent organization of the American Red Cross in France. The work which the American Red Cross has undertaken in France is so vast, both in its character and scope, that it can not be terminated with the demobilization of the commission which was appointed to direct activities during the war. The work will be continued through the Paris district chapter. There is another important phase of the matter, and that is the provision made for a permanent interest in France of the American Red Cross. “The ties that have been forged between the peo- ples of America and France,” says the Paris edition of The American Red Cross Bulletin, “should not be in any way weakened by reason of the fact that the occasion for the rendering of such serv- ices lessen and finally cease. The perma- nent chapter of the American Red Cross in France will forge those ties stronger than ever. “The Paris Chapter is the first and only chapter of the American Red Cross in continental Europe. Through this chapter the American Red Cross hopes and believes that it will be able further to cement, in the days of peace now at hand, the comradeship formed in the days of conflict.” The Ambassador to France from the United States, and his wife, are at all times to be members of the Board of Di- rectors of the Paris chapter and the am- bassador will be the President. This chapter has the responsibility and is now conducting and carrying on all the work done by the American Red Cross in the Departments of the Seine and Seine-et- Oise. Major Gurney E. Newlin, Chairman, is the executive head of the chapter. The offices of the chapter are at 4, Place de la Concorde, Paris. Major Newlin formerly was chairman of the Los Angeles chapter. Lt.-Col. Bicknell Transferred Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest P. Bicknell, formerly American Red Cross commis- Sioner to Belgium, has been appointed head of the Department of Civilian Relief in France, replacing Lieutenant-Colonel Homer Folks. He will be assisted by George F. Getz of Chicago. Colonel Bicknell returned to Paris re- cently from the Balkan States, where he went to study conditions. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MOBILIZING THE NURSES OF AMERICA FOR PEACE Announcement of Plans of the Red Cross Nursing Service Relative to the Great Reconstruction Work of the Future By JANE A. DELANO, Director Department of Nursing, American Red Cross With the release of large numbers of graduate nurses from military service, it will be possible to take up again the nursing activities which have been inter- rupted by the more insistent needs of war. For many years the medical and the nursing professions have seen the great need for universal health education and protection. One of the first things on the peace programm of the Red Cross will be the further development of Public Health Nursing, and of the courses in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, and Home Dietetics, so that the women of the country may be better prepared to safeguard the health of their families, and to care for minor illnesses in their own homes. - - One of the strongest arguments for the extension of this work has been brought out by the number of rejections for phys- ical defects in the Army draft. While complete statistics are not yet available, it is an acknowledged fact that a very high proportion of men were disqualified for dental and other defects, which might very easily have been remedied by inspection and compulsory medical care in public schools some years ago. The epidemic of influenza has brought home to the entire civilian population of the United States, the truth of the state- ment that preventable disease destroys at least as many lives as have the moving guns of the greatest war in history. With an incomplete casuality list already of over 75,000, the epidemic is not yet checked. Conditions which have seemed almost unbelievable have brought out the fact that, in hundreds of communities in the United States, there are absolutely no nursing resources whatsoever. TO EXTEND SERVICE With the return to civilian communi- ties of about 20,000 graduate nurses re- leased from military duty, we hope to extend greatly the Town and Country Nursing Service of the Red Cross, and to interest nurses in public health activi- ties, so that skilled professional nursing will be available to even the most remote parts of the country. - To accomplish this end, active and vigorous cooperation, both on the part of the nurses of the country and of the Women who constitute the membership of Red Cross chapters is imperative. It is planned that each chapter shall have a Committee on Nursing Activities, com- posed of representatives of local nursing, public health, educational, medical, and civic relief organizations in the com- munity. The duties of this committee will be to develop the Red Cross courses of instruction authorized by the Depart- ment of Nursing, and to be responsible for all the nursing activities within the communities. Cooperation is to be Sought and encouraged between this committee and the state and local public health officials, and also with the Federal Childrens' Bureau in all health cam- paigns. Instruction in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick and in Home Dietetics, it is hoped, will be organized and extended to local schools and other institutions. INSTRUCTION FOR ALL These courses of instruction will be ex- tended to include rural and isolated com- munities where it is almost impossible to Secure graduate nurses, and where, as in the early pioneer days, the women are the sole guardians very often of the lives of their families in time of sickness. Hitherto, instruction in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, and Home Dietetics has been available only to women living in large cities, where graduate nurses and dietitians might easily be secured to act as instructors. - - The organization of this proposed de- velopment will consist of the Chapter Committee, as stated before, each with its public health nurses and representa- tives where necessary, and its members of local organizations; and of a division director of Public Health Nursing, who will cooperate with the division director of the Department of Nursing and with the division manager in the extension and the supervision of the work. The finan- cial responsibility will rest with the indi- vidual chapters with such assistance from National Headquarters as may under ex- ceptional instances be required. Funds for conducting classes should, wherever possible, be derived from the revenues from class fees. These courses should be self-supporting, but the chief purpose is to extend this instruction to the great- est number. While it should not be given gratis, the chapter, in organizing classes, should take the financial ability of the class members into consideration, and any profit accruing from classes in more fortunate communities should be used for the development of other classes where only a nominal fee can be charged. As the first step in working out these plans, the Department of Nursing has se- cured the appointment of a public health nurse who will act as the Director of the Bureau of Public Health Nursing in each Division Office. To facilitate cooperation between the organizations needing the services of graduate nurses and the 20,000 nurses returning from military to civilian duty, a Bureau of Information will be established at 44 East 23rd Street, New York City, which will serve as a clearing-house for nurses. There are many women who had had training as hospital administrators and executives whose work has been given up for war service. Through this Bureau, they can get in touch with hospitals and training schools desiring their services. Available institutional positions, and information regarding opportunities awaiting gradu- ate nurses as instructors in training schools for nurses will also be on file, as well as various data regarding scholar- ships and funds for enabling nurses to receive training along public health nurs- ing lines, if they are not already ade- quately prepared for such service. COOPERATION INVITED The three national organizations of nurses have been invited to cooperate, and to place a representative in this office to aid and advise the nurses in regard to their return to civilian life. As the nurses returning from Europe will probably all come in through the New York port of debarkation, it will be possible for them to visit personally this Bureau of In- formation. In order that nurses in can- tonment hospitals may also share in these opportunities, arrangements will be made for them to report to their division offices, where this information will also be on file, on their release from military service. While it will not be possible for the Red Cross to guarantee to reassign all nurses advantageously to civilian life, they will be glad to make every effort possible to collect such information re- garding positions. (Concluded on page 8) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN TO ASSIST LANE PROGRAM Home Service sections Will be Great Aid in Helping Soldiers to Achieve Independence How the influence and support of the Home Service workers of the American Red Cross can help carry out the pro- gram of the Department of the Inte- 'rior, which offers a chance for independ- ence to the returning soldier, is one of the problems of demobilization which is being studied at National Headquarters. The report of Franklin K. Lane, Secre- tary of the Interior, made public Decem- ber 12, set forth the resources of the United States in fertile unoccupied lands. Of the returning soldiers the report says: “Being Americans and being young, they will not ask or expect pensions. They will want work. They will want, if possible, a chance for a home of their own. They would like to know that while perhaps the fortunes of war did not so turn as to bestow on them the medal for distinguished service, the nation which they served thought well enough of what they had done to give them some evidence of its appreciation. * * * Why not say to this enquiring soldier man: America offers you a farm, if you will help in its making and pay for it out of what you make out of it. “This can be done and, if it were, it would solve, or tend largely to solve, several problems: (1) That of the imme- diate job for the man himself; (2) that of protecting the labor market against any possible collapse by being swamped with a surplus of labor; (3) that of pro- viding for many lines of reestablished in- dustry an immediate demand for their products; (4) that of staying the move- ment toward the cities, and thus more completely decentralizing our population; (5) that of affixing to our soil a large number of the best-proved Americans; (6) that of setting up throughout the NEAR THE FRONT, CHATEAU CAPT. DAVENPORT, A. R. C., PUTTING SIGN ON GERMAN DUGOUT TAKEN BY wº PERSHING'S MEN, OCTOBER 10 Mºſcºpcross OUTPUSISERVICE Y—LIEUT. 307th FIELD SIGNAL BATTALION IN FOREGROUND THIERR º º land the most modern pattern of farm settlement in which the social side of human nature is given consideration; (7) that of bringing into use those great areas of our land which now lie neglected and of no value to the world.” Congress has already taken the first step in this direction by appropriating 200,000 for an examination into the re- claimable land resources of the country; one-half for survey of possible irriga- tion projects, the other for survey of lands which need draining and of those which were once forests and now, after being logged off, are not used for any- thing. That there is more than enough land available and easily made fertile, is the conviction of Secretary Lane, and he has brought together in his report a number of convincing statistics to support his conviction. Horne Service sections in all parts of the United States, faced during mobiliza- tion with the problems of family insta- bility, which the return of the soldier will (Concluded on page 8) THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN FINANCIAL REPORT FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1918 It cost the American Red Cross but two cents of each dollar of the millions appropriated to operate the administra- tive bureaus in the United States which took a vital part in the management of the greatest relief program the world has ever known. For each dollar contributed by the American people for war relief work more than one dollar and one cent is expended for that purpose, the extra cent being provided by interest on the funds. These are two of the striking statements in the annual financial report of the Red Cross covering the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918. All the expenses of operating the na- tional and divisional headquarters of the organization, whose sheltering arm has embraced a large part of the earth in the last eighteen months, come from a fund provided by membership dues, the war fund not being drawn upon for any but relief expenditures. The total manage- ment expense of the organization for the fiscal year was $2,164,865. Included in this total was the amount necessary to maintain the organization at national headquarters in Washington, the heart and brain of the Red Cross, and the four- teen divisional headquarters, the ar- teries of the organization running through continental and territorial United States. These divisions have im- mediate supervision over some 3,864 Chapters which in turn divide themselves into many thousands of branches. The above total expenditure for the ad- ministrative bureaus at headquarters was divided as follows: War Council staff, which includes advisory committees and clerical forces reporting to the War Council, the latter body directing all Red Cross activities, $58,537; general man- ager’s office, $111,640; department of de- velopment, which directs the money rais- ing and membership campaigns and the work of the chapter organizations, $197,126; department of publicity includ- ing costs of printing, postage, etc., $197,- 812; department of accounts, $76,222; office of treasurer, $22,348; office of secre- tary, $17,980; bureau of standards, $36,- 329; department of foreign relief, $5,685; bureau of cables, $3,463; bureau of insur- ance, $940; administrative supplies, $40,- 816; operation of buildings and grounds, $92,058. All the foregoing items refer to the national headquarters organization. The expenditure for maintaining the fourteen divisional headquarters was $1,303,910. - At the time the report was compiled there were 8,512 persons employed in various capacities at national, divisional and the different foreign headquarters of the organization, close to 2,000 of this number being volunteer workers. More than 3,500 workers are employed over- SeaS. Of the 6,234 paid workers, more than 5,000 receive $1,500 a year or less, a ma- jority, in fact, getting between $600 and $1,000 a year. There are 723 employees receiving Salaries of from $1,500 to $2,000 a year, 214 from $2,000 to $2,500, ninety-four from $2,500 to 3,000, seventy-seven from $3,000 to $4,000, twenty-eight from $4,000 to $5,000, sixteen from $5,000 to $6,000, twelve from $6,000 to $6,500, six from $6,500 to $7,800, and one $10,000. The Red Cross is a great business as well as relief organization and requires special- ists in many lines. Many of the execu- tives are volunteers who gave up high salaries in private life to work for the Red Cross, not as “dollar-a-year-men,” but absolutely without salary recognition. The unpaid workers on the roster are not to be confounded with the more than 8,000,000 volunteer women workers who perform Red Cross labors in the work- rooms of the organization. The fact that these patriotic women give their services free, turning out last year alone finished articles with a value of $44,000,000, makes it possible for the Red Cross to keep its operating expenses at such a low level. In commenting on the volunteer labor of these 8,000,000 women the report calls attention to the fact that the American Red Cross has been conducting one of the largest merchandising businesses in the world. During the year, its supplies bureaus sold to chapter raw materials valued at $16,500,000. Local purchases at various points of essential relief supplies aggregated $20,000,000. These bureaus also purchased relief supplies valued at $2,300,000 for use in the training camps of this country, and materials that cost $12,500,000 for shipment to Red Cross commissions overseas. The report states that the cost of oper- ating the relief bureaus was as follows: Department of civilian relief, $366,942; department of nursing, $197,180; depart- ment of military relief, $162,004; depart- ment of personnel, $60,107; bureaus of communication and prisoners’ relief, $10,793; bureau of naval affairs, $1,213. During the year which ended June 30, the Red Cross appropriated $107,716,348 to carry on its work abroad and at home. Of this amount $59,788,672 went for re- lief in foreign countries, $7,688,856 for work in the United States, $4,945,557 for relief work in various countries on work specified by contributors, $26,286,000 was set aside for working capital, and the balance went for other activities of the organization. This wide distribution of relief was made possible because in less than eleven months the American people gave more than $300,000,000 to the American Red Cross, by far the greatest sum ever con- tributed by any nation for humanitarian work. This total represents the proceeds of the two Red Cross war funds and one membership drive. In the 1917 war fund drive $112,067,407 was raised, the collec- tions from the 1918 drive for war funds are expected to reach $176,000,000 and the membership campaign in December, 1917, added $24,500,000 to the grand total. The cost of collecting the amount raised in the 1917 war fund was but seven-tenths of a cent for each dollar. It is believed the expense of collecting this year’s war fund will be in the same ratio. After $107,716,348 had been appropri- ated for work in Europe and the United States there remained in the treasury on July 1, 1918, the beginning of the current fiscal year, the sum of $50,879,023. Only a relatively small part of the proceeds of the second war fund drive were in hand at the time the report was compiled. The appropriations for foreign relief - were divided as follows: France, $36,613,- 683; Italy, $6,410,630; Great Britain, ex- cept Canada, $3,684,529; Belgium, $1,432,- 374; Russia, $1,216,685; Roumania, $2,- 714,610; Serbia, $1,000,582; Switzerland, $807,937; Armenia, Syria, and Palestine, $3,461,827; Canada, $500,000; Poland, $200,000; Portugal, $6,000; miscellaneous foreign relief expenditures, $1,739,813. The report concludes with a statement of the precautions taken to safeguard Red Cross funds. An interesting part of that statement follows: “There is a provision in our charter which requires that we shall make each year to the Secretary of War a full re- port of receipts and expenditures ‘which report shall be duly audited by the War Department and a copy of said report shall be transmitted to Congress by the War Department.’ Under this provision, auditors under the direction of the In- spector-General of the War Department are constantly engaged in checking our receipts and expenditures.” 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Roll-Call Developed Enthusiasm (Concluded from page 1) From the Central Division came a re- port that every individual in Webster County, Iowa, of which Fort Dodge is the seat, had registered by the afternoon of the 17th. The population of Webster County is over 39,000. Other points in the Central Division reported satisfactory progress. In Chicago the Roll-Call week was ushered in by the blowing of all the whistles in the city, after which 10,000 Red Cross workers set forth to put their fellow citizens on the books. The Legrande (Oregon) Chapter re- ported “over the top” one minute past midnight of the 16th. The whole state of Oregon was reported in splendid organ- ization. The Lake Division had counted 334,995 new members by Tuesday afternoon. At Terre Haute, Ind., the policemen and firemen started in Monday morning in a race to see which department could get the most members. Several chapters in the smaller communities of the Lake Di- vision had planned to close their books on Sunday, and the people of their towns had been requested to remain in their homes on that day until they could be “seen.” In these towns a 1919 Red Cross button was the “permit” to go out of doors. Down in Echols County, Ga., which is not very populous, but promising as to the future, a Red Cross worker called on a farmer near Statenville to explain the Red Cross idea. When he finished the farmer said: “Here is eleven dollars; I want one of those buttons for my wife and myself—the other nine dollars is for our nine children.” At the National Capital Roll-Call week was marked by many special features. One particularly striking feature was the presentation daily on the steps of the Treasury building of living posters, rep- resenting the real posters made for the campaign. The models were selected from among the handsomest of Washing- ton young women. Reports from divisions other than those mentioned above were not avail- able at the time of this writing in suffi- cient detail to indicate more than the same general interest in all sections. The advance statements telegraphed to head- quarters gave promise in practically every instance, of gratifying results at the finish. The American Red Cross distributed 200,000 “flu” masks among the American troops in France. by the Red Cross in China. A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF CHINA The above is a message written by the President of the Republic of China to the President of the American Red Cross, in appreciation of the relief work done The scroll here with reproduced in miniature, is sev- eral feet in width. At the top, in red, is the seal of the president. Reading from Mobilizing the Nurses (Concluded from page 5) Through the work of the newly-ap- pointed division directors of the Bureau of Public Health Nursing: through the information and advice placed by the Bureau of Information at New York at the disposal of nurses returning to civilian life; and through the response and cooperation of nurses and lay women in the proposed Chapter Commit- tees, this new crusade, it is hoped, may be carried to all parts of the country. Will not this universal, constructive effort to insure the health education and protection of every citizen of all nations be one of the foremost steps in realizing the Song of the Christmas Angels at Bethlehem? To Assist Lane Program (Concluded from page 6) not solve if he does not return to a set- tled and self-supporting position in the community, are trying to find a way to aid in this program. The spirit of it is in accord with the spirit of Home Serv- ice, because it enables the soldier to take care of himself and his family through the help of an understanding and wise plan for his benefit. In the words of Secretary Lane's letter to the President on this plan—“A million or two dollars, if appropriated now, will put this work well under way. This plan does not con- template anything like charity to the sol- left to right, the first column contains the date—“August 7th, year of the Republic of China” (1918); the second column con- tains a salutation, and the four large characters embrace the message—“Re- lieving the suffering and befriending the neighbor.” The column at the right is the signature of the president. - - dier. He is not to be given a bounty. He is not to be made to feel that he is a dependent. On the contrary, he is to continue in a sense in the service of the Government. Instead of destroying our enemies he is to develop our resources.” During the demobilization period, as during the war, the Home Service sec- tions of the American Red Cross will be representative groups in each community, whose opinion, because of their sym- pathy and helpfulness, will have weight with soldiers and soldiers’ families. While the father and the son have been abroad in camp, or on the seas, many of these families—thousands of them in fact —have turned for information and ad- vice to the Home Service workers. It will be through their position as advisors which they have earned by service that the Home Service workers will take a part in this program for the benefit of the soldier. - The responsibility of the Home Service sections to be of any possible help to the families of fighters, or to the soldiers and sailors themselves, is not in anyway les- sened by the safe return of the man him- self; and if there are conditions which make self-support difficult the problems will be made even more acute by peace. For that reason the resources in organi- zation and mobilized public opinion, which are at the disposal of the Red Cross, will be put to the service of all projects which ask their aid in work for the homecoming man and his people. = *- y sº º - º º - º sº-sº". The Red Cross Bulletin - - - º Vol. III No. 1 WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 30, 1918 SEVENTEEN MILLION IN CHRISTMAS ROLL-CALL follow: Atlantic 3,038,500 Central 4,000,000 Gulf 195,000 Lake 2,200,000 Mountain 156,100 N. England 1,495,400 Northern 951,500 *Northwestern 544,000 Pacific 497,812 Pennsylvania- Delaware 1,000,000 Potomac 271,550 Southern 394,100 Southwestern 2,000,000 Territorial and Insular 6,400 These Figures Are Indicated, with Many Reports Yet to Be Made— Registration Work Met Some Serious Handicaps Returns from the American Red Cross Roll-Call, up to noon of last Thursday, showed a total of 16,702,262 members These figres are by no means complete, as many chapters had not reported to their registered for the coming year. division headquarters, while in some sec- tions the Roll-Call was extended in or- der to reach large numbers of persons who had not had a chance to register during the time orig- y ties 10C per cent strong, while the Chi- cago manager promised more than a mil- lion members. Reports from Wisconsin were delayed by the severe influenza epi- demic, but hopes of surpassing the pres- ent membership were expressed. Returns from the Gulf Division were delayed, the latest reports received at National Headquarters covering incom- plete figures from 35 per cent of the section of Kentucky embracing 600,000 population was under quarantine. Only thirty per cent of the chapters of the Mountain Division were included in the latest reports received. Enthusiasm was expressed regarding ultimate results, in spite of the fact that in many localities a house-to-house canvass was prohibited by the health authorities. Splendid enthusiasm was reported throughout the New England Division. No reports on the close of the Roll-Call had been received at this writing. Reports from the Northern Division stated that the Roll-Call in South Da- kota was seriously inally set–December handicapped by the 16 to 23. The figures report- ed by the thirteen continental divisions and the Territorial and Insular Division, HEART jº. £ 3. THE APPEAL WAS GENERAL IN CITY THOROUGHFARES The street scene here presented.--Canal Street, New Orleans—is typical of those in American cities during Roll-Call Week. Note the aeroplanes in flight. & prevalence of influ- enza. The counties reporting, however, showed a gain of 19 per cent over the present member- ship. It was esti- mated that at the close South Dakota will show a member- ship of not less than 220,000. Many counties found it necessary to post- pone the Roll-Call for some months. The Northwestern Division reported that the Ro11-Ca11 would continue in some places until December 31. Lo- cal managers were slow in reporting, but the opinion was Total 16,702,262 The latest reports from the Atlantic Division stated that the division was maintaining 25 per cent of its population. Forty-nine chapters had not sent in re- turns at the time the report was made. A conservative estimate placed the reg- 1stration in the Central Division be- yond the 4,000,000 mark. The returns from Detroit promised an enrollment of 500,000, while the State of Michigan, it was reported, would increase its previous membership beyond 25 per cent. Iowa was put down for 1,250,000; Nebraska for more than 650,000. The State of Illinois outside of Chicago reported seven coun- chapters. A large negro enrollment was reported from the plantations throughout Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi on Saturday. The little town of Elizabeth, La., was the first community in the di- vision to attain universal membership honors. In the Lake Division Ohio reported more than a million members, or about one-half of the total for the division as a In Kentucky the Roll-Call was reported seriously affected by the influ- enza in eighty-five out of 146 chapters. The epidemic also was hurting the Roll- Call in portions of Ohio and Indiana. A expressed that the showing would equal that of one year agº. The Roll-Call was still in progress when the latest reports were received from the Pacific Division. The manager of that division telegraphed congratula- "tions on the showing other divisions were whole. making, and indicated that final returns from his division would not be available until some time after the close of the Ro11-Call. Beyond placing the total for the two States at one million the manager of the Pennsylvania-Delaware Division reported no details. In Pittsburgh 10,000 workers (Concluded on page 8) THE RED C Ross B ULLET IN HOMESERVICEWORKGROWS Reports at Hand Show Increasing Demands Following the Sign- ing of the Armistice The month of the signing of the armi- stice—November—showed an increase in the number of soldiers’ and sailors’ fami- lies needing the attention of the Home Service department of the Red Cross. The tabulation of the statistics received from the first twenty-two Home Service sections at National Red Cross Head- quarters (transmitted from the Potomac Division) shows an increase of 840 cases, a gain of nearly 40 per cent over the number of families dealt with in Octo- ber. Not a single report showed a de- crease. These reports all came from rural or semi-rural localities, and it is ex- pected that the summaries from the large cities will show perhaps greater in- creases. J. H. McCandless, director of the Bu- reau of Foreign Correspondence of the department of Civilian Relief states that there has been increased activity in his bureau as the direct result of the sign- ing of the armistice. He cites particu- larly the inquiries coming from the Paris Home Service office, arising from the problems and requests presented to Red Cross Home Service men with the troops overseas in regard to the welfare of sol- diers’ families in this country. He says that he anticipates a steady increase of home service business for several months, because of the anxiety of men about their home affairs and the natural tendency thrat they should now more than before turn their attention to future business and family interests. The director general of Civilian Re- lief, commenting on the figures so far received, says that home service workers may expect a continued increase in the number of family troubles with which they will have to deal. W The American Red Cross is playing a large part in taking care of the prisoners coming across the frontiers. EARLY ON THE PEACE JOB American Red Cross Workers Were Among First to Enter the Towns Left by Enemy Two Red Cross men—Dr. E. F. Pope, of the Medical and Surgical Service, and Carter H. Harrison, hospital representa- tive, were among the first Americans to enter the city of Metz after the signing of the armistice. They found the city al- ready gay with the French tri-color and improvised American flags. A SQUARE MEAL AT AMERICAN RED CROSS CANTEEN, CHATEAUROUX , HAVING A GOOD Time—RED CRoss CANTEEN AT CHATEAUROUx, FRANCE Wounded American soldiers in the hos- pitals abandoned by the Germans—the latter taking all medical supplies along with their own wounded—received deli– cacies from the Red Cross arrivals, and said that the Germans had given them the same care and food given to their own men. A very different story, however, was told by the Mother Superior and one of the French physicians regarding con- ditions at the seminary, where upwards of 250 Russian prisoners were lying ill of exposure and lack of nutrition. The physician said he had seen Russians eat- ing raw potatoes and turnips in the fields and even leaves that had fallen from the trees. Prompt measures were taken to relieve these conditions, and by the following day two five-ton camions were in Metz with needed supplies. In addition to distribut- ing the supplies the Red Cross men as- sisted the French physicians in the care of the wounded. R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 PRESIDENT WISITS WOUNDED Talks with Men in Red Cross Hospi- tal–Comments on Good Care They Are Receiving President Wilson visited the American Red Cross hospital at Neuilly, France, on Sunday of last week, where he shook hands and talked individually with 1,200 badly wounded Americans, for the most part survivors of the Chateau-Thierry ac- tion. He spent four hours at the bed- sides of the men in the different wards, and later visited the French Hospital Val de Grace. One of the men the President came to stood proudly erect, with medals on his blouse, and one arm outstretched in an appliance for restoring its usefulness. He looked suggestively like a traffic po- liceman on duty. “I’m glad to see you look so cheer- ful,” said the President. “You have seen me many times be- fore, Mr. President,” responded the sol- dier. “I used to be a traffic policeman at the Grand Central station. Don’t you think I look natural?” The President laughed, softly. It probably was the only merry moment he had in the hospital. FOUND A NAMESAKE Another strapping fellow gave his name as Private Wilson. “I am proud to know I have a name- sake like you,” said the President. “It is a very honorable name. I only tried to do it proud,” responded the sol- dier. One soldier had lost both legs by a shell. “I am thankful they didn’t get an arm,” he said, cheerfully. Speaking of his experiences at the American hospital, the President said: “I went through the American hospital at Neuilly with the greatest interest and the greatest satisfaction. I found the men admirably taken care of and almost without exception in excellent spirits. “Only a very few of them looked really ill, and I think that their mothers and their friends would have been entirely pleased by their surroundings and by the alert look in their eyes and the keen in- terest they took in everything about them. “I am sure that they will go back to their loved ones at home with a new feeling of joy, alike in their recovery and in the fine service they have been able to render.” RED CROSS MOTOR CORPS, JERSEY CITY, IN MILITARY DRILL Monument to Dead at Islay Plans have been approved for a monu- ment which the American Red Cross will erect at Islay, Scotland, as a memorial to the dead of the Tuscania and Otranto disasters. The site is on the Mull of Oa, a rocky promontory 500 feet above the R. C. Monument. At Islay sea, overlooking the various small ceme- teries in which the American soldiers are buried. The monument will be con- structed of native stone, gathered close by the site, and will be about sixty feet in height. During Miss Jane A. Delano’s absence in Europe, Miss Clara D. Noyes will act as Director of the Department of Nurs- ing. º Christmas Cheer on the Rhine An Associated Press cablegram from Coblentz, dated Dec. 22, says that the arms of Santa Claus, reaching across the Atlantic and France, to behind the Rhine, brought large quantities of sweets, and various luxuries and holiday gifts for the first Christmas in Germany of the Ameri- can Army of Occupation. “Christmas packages for the soldiers,” the cablegram stated, “began to arrive several days ago in carload lots, and are being distributed rapidly from the rail- heads to the eight divisions within the area of occupation. The quartermasters department and the American Red Cross have provided thirty carloads of choco- late and stick candy. The quartermaster also is providing four cars of pastry and material for pies and cakes. Every officers' mess and every company of sol- diers is to have a Christmas tree. Many of the trees were cut by the soldiers themselves.” Various relief organizations contrib- uted to the making of a Merry Christ- mas for American soldiers, the Salvation Army baking hundreds of thousands of doughnuts—enough to provide three apiece for every man. The dearth of American turkey was compensated for by plenty of ducks and geese. Although not allowed to purchase meats or fats from the Germans, the American boys man- aged to provide themselves with many native products, obtained in exchange for chocolate and other articles. y The Winnebago Indians, many of whom are in France with the A. E. F., recently forwarded $5,000 to the Ameri- can Red Cross, the proceeds of their annual “big time” held in Junction Val- ley, Wis. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the ma.13 as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SURSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . - President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Price-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. D'Avrº . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AxSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLIss, JR, JESSE H. JONES GEORGE E. SCOTT GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILL AM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADsworth WashingtoN, D.C., DECEMBER 30, 1918 1 9 || 9 Four black years in the history of civil- ization pass when the bells toll the knell of 1918. The chimes ushering in young 1919 will have in them music full of greater meaning than ever before. War and frightfulness are being rung out; “peace and fellowship” is the message carried by the chimes of the New Year. By all the signs and portents a formal peace that will put the world on a saner, stronger basis than it has had in all the preceding centuries will be established before the new year has passed into many It will be a year of great promise. Are you prepared to make the most of it? This question should appeal particularly to Red Cross workers, for months. they are given a special responsibility in connection with the general program of making the world brighter and happier. When the statecraft of the world has completed its task of solidifying a perma- nent peace, a closer relationship between the Red Cross organizations of all the countries backing up that peace is likely to stand out as one of the features of the new order of things. The individual Red Cross worker can make no better new year's resolution than to pledge his or her energies to the fulfillment in a prac- tical way of those things which the Red Cross spirit proclaims. fy The Chapter will continue to be the heart that keeps the life-fluid coursing in the arteries of the American Red Cross. 1 ne service which the women of Ameri- ca have learned to love through the chap- ter activities of the last year or two is something they do not wish to relinquish, even though the causes which called into being no longer exist in full force. Let the women understand then, that the year 1919 holds forth much, very much, for the Red Cross Chapter to do. The train- ing of war-time will be a grand asset in the “carry on” work which new condi- tions, and the heritage of the old, call upon the Red Cross to perform. The Chapter worker who fulfills a reso- lution to help “carry on” as indicated, will add immeasurably to the personal satis- faction connected with living in a year that promises to be so important—the beginning of a new epoch. The Roll-Call Upwards of seventeen million Ameri- cans have enrolled as members of the Red Cross for the year 1919. While the re- sults of the Christmas Roll-Call have not reached the expectations of some of the projectors of the Greater Red Cross movement, they are withal very grati- fying. There is no gainsaying that Amer- ica's army of mercy has been perpetuated on a grand scale. The country and the Red Cross organization may well feel pride in the achievement. Seventeen million persons in a single organization is a mighty big thing, just of itself. Numerically the persons thus registered almost equal the voters of the United States who cast their ballots for presidential electors at the election of 1916. The national spirit which the army of mercy reflects in concentrated form is something to thrill the world in the dawn of a new peace the same as it did in the depressing days of war. The power for service of such an organization is incal- culable. The Roll-Call was not a campaign for money; its only purpose was to enlist the human and the spiritual elements in a great work—a work of “Carry On” which the world war has idealized. The financial side of the equation was pre- sented only in the charter requirement re- specting the dues of the members of the organization. The significant thing is not that so many million dollars have been contributed, but that every single dollar represents a bona fide member of the American Red Cross. That alone is the glory of the Roll-Call and the thing of which we all are proud. When the idea of universal Red Cross membership was developed the war still was raging. Had it continued there is no doubt that the enrollment would have shown really stupendous figures. But happily the hostilities were brought to an end, the natural effect being to curtail much of the enthusiasm which war stirs in the hearts of men and women. Any feeling, however, that there would be a reaction inimical to the permanency of the American Red Cross on the broader lines planned, has been dissipated by the Roll-Call. Under the circumstances its re- It further is to be borne in mind that physical circum- suit is wonderful. stances, notably the prevalence of the in- fluenza epidemic, greatly embarrassed the Roll-Call in many parts of the country. The result should be an inspiration and a stimulus to all the active Red Cross men and women in the land. It should be an incentive for every Chapter to carry on with still greater energy. A noble start has been made towards the goal that originally was set. With concentrated in- terest the attainment of the universal ideal in the years to come is by no means impossible. - *—º-º-º: Mr. Persons Resigns W. Frank Persons, director general of the Department of Civilian Relief of the American Red Cross, has resigned and will enter private business. His resig- nation was accepted with regret by the War Council. Willoughby G. Walling, of Chicago, assistant to the general manager, has been appointed acting director general of the Civilian Relief Department. *...amºssassimºmºmºmºmº Mr. Jones Goes to Europe Jesse H. Jones, of the Red Cross War Council, and directer general of the De- partment of Military Relief, has gone abroad for a brief tour af inspection. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Extended Work in Near East - Owing to the expansion of the work of the Red Cross Commission for Pales- tine to the area surrounding Beirut, Lebanon, Damascus and Aleppo, the name of the commission has been changed by the War Council to the Com- mission for Palestine and the Near East. Lieutenant Colonel John H. Finley, head of commission, was some time ago desig- nated as commissioner for Palestine and the Near East. The War Council has appropriated the sum of $500,000 for the continuance of relief work by the commission for the two months’ period, January 1 to March 1, 1919. Further appropriations will await the advices of Dr. Finley and Dep- uty Commissioner Lowenstein, who are about to return to Palestine. Appropria- tions previously made from Red Cross funds for relief work in the Palestine and Beirut area, for the period ending De- cember 31, 1918, amounted to $874,506.16. In addition to this the sum of $450,000 was contributed by the American Com- mittee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. Gratitude of Y. M. C. A. Workers The Paris edition of the American Red Cross Bulletin prints the following reso- lution adopted by the women workers of the Y. M. C. A. who experienced an epi- demic of influenza at sea while aboard the steamship Northland: “The Women Workers of the Y. M. C. A. on board the Northland have been deeply sensible of the splendid generosity of the Red Cross in the trying and seri- ous epidemic through which we have passed and feel the inadequacy of any formal expression of thanks. They are keenly aware of the fact that the lives of many of their number have been saved and the spread of a virulent contagion checked, by the foresight and knowledge of those trained to meet an emergency SO terrifying to the untrained, especially on the high seas. “Their special gratitude and admiration is offered to those nurses who from the beginning, in limited space and with in- adequate supplies, have improvised ways and means to meet conditions which would have been overwhelmingly dis- couraging to any inspired by a lesser spirit of duty and self-sacrifice. “To the doctors who have given their splendid service at all hours cheerfully and generously, encouraging those who were suffering and assuring all others be- cause of the confidence they inspired, sin- cere thanks are extended. “They feel that this splendid spirit of cooperation from the members of the various units has given an example which will be remembered for many years to come and be of inestimable value in the work which lies immediately before them.” - Misses McKey in Italy The Misses Electa and Laura McKey, sisters of Lieutenant Edward M. McKey, who lost his life while in command of an American Red Cross canteen on the Ital- ian front last June, arrived in Rome early in November, and were assigned to duty at the Red Cross station canteen at Padua. Advices from there state that these young women, who volunteered to “carry on” in the service in which their brother lost his life, have been particu- larly busy caring for the returning vic- torious troops. To Continue “Silent Moment” Red Cross workrooms throughout the country are to continue the observance of “The Silent Moment,” the period that was devoted at noon each day during the war to prayer for the, success of the United States and her Allies. In request- ing a continuance of the custom George E. Scott, general manager of the Red Cross, suggests that workers pray “that our nation will continue united in the ful- fillment of its ideals and in the support of its soldiers and sailors until the last man may be released from foreign service.” Extension of Nursing Survey The Federal Government has asked the American Red Cross to add to the important duties of its Bureau of Nurs- ing Survey, a survey of all Army, Navy and Marine hospitals and dispensaries in the United States and its possessions. Nurses and nurses’ aids who have been in service abroad are to be listed as they arrive at the ports of debarka- tion. - - The additional survey will reveal the number and history of graduate and student nurses here and in the posses- sions, and graduate nurses and nurses aids in Europe. The result of the new work will give credit to those who have been in serv- ice; enable the completion of the report asked for by the Government on the nursing resources of the nation, and lay the foundation of a permanent activity to maintain the information gained by the survey. 3. - Red Cross Man’s Heroic Death, Lieutenant Walter Weaver, A. R. C., of Springfield, Ohio, who died of pneumo- nia, in the hospital at Boulogne, France, in October, after having been gassed while on duty at the front, was a fine per- sonification of the heroism that has char- acterized so much of the American Red Cross service during the war. Prevented from joining the army by reason of physi- cal disability, he nevertheless sought ser- vice where bravery was a requisite, and died a soldier's death. - The story of Lieutenant Weaver’s heroic end is graphically told in the fol- lowing letter from Captain B. M. Hunt, A. R. C., 2d Army Corps, to the director of the Home Communication Service of the American Red Cross at Paris: “As you know Lieut. Weaver was at- tached to the 27th Division as represen- tative. He joined the Division just be- fore the attack on the Canal in front of St. Souplet, and remained with it during the advance to the Canal in front of Cha- tillon. It was Lieut. Weaver’s first chance for action. He had tried to join the Army, but was physically unfit. Often he had complained to me because he had not had an opportunity to do his bit at the front. FEARLESS UNDER FIRE “During the advance the weather was about as bad as France can produce, but Weaver was out in it all the time, hustling supplies up to the front and do- ing what he could for the wounded men at the dressing stations. He was often under shell fire, but seemed to be fear- less. At the time the Division was re- lieved, he was up all night, serving hot chocolate and tobacco at St. Souplet to the boys as they came out of the line. The Hun was throwing in gas and high explosive; the weather was wretched, wet and cold. Every one who could soug '. shelter. It was not Lieut. Weaver’s job as searcher to do this work. He had a bad cold, and might if he chose have been sitting around a fire where the other Red Cross workers were. He stayed out nearly all night till the boys were all taken care of. The next morning he had a high fever. He had been gassed and had a bad cold. It was decided he should be sent back. As he got into the car one could see he was a very sick man, but there was a look of satisfaction on his face. Dur- ing all the time the Division was in ac- tion he had also assisted in evacuating the civilian sick and wounded.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN PRAISE FROM THE HEART Boys Returning Home from Camp Express Appreciation of Red Cross Canteen Folk The send-offs which the American sol- dier boys got through Red Cross agen- cies when they left their homes to serve their country, are equaled only by the warmth of the receptions that await them at stopping places on their way back from the gamps, now that demobili- zation is the order of the day. How much the boys appreciate the Red Cross can- teen is attested by the following extracts from a letter received at National Red Cross Headquarters, signed by every man among the 200 or so on board a troop train en route from Chattanooga to Chicago, December 17: “We are writing this in appreciation and gratitude not only of what the Red Cross has done for the men on the bat- tle-field and in camp, but also for what they are now doing for discharged and returning soldiers. We wish to tell you in particular of our reception at Evans- ville, Ind. “We left Chattanooga at 11:30 P. M. Monday. There is no diner on our train, so we were compelled to do without breakfast Tuesday morning. As we drew into the suburbs of Evansville we were very hungry after our twelve hours ride, being accustomed to breakfasting at six A. M. Our mouths were fairly watering in anticipation of the combination meal which we contemplated buying at Evans- ville. Then, as our train came to a stop at a small station about a mile out, a sight presented itself which made a deep impression on the mind of every one of us—three ladies with a big juicy goose- berry pie. Of course the pie wouldn't go around, much to the sorrow of the kind- hearted ladies; but every one of us shared the spirit of the thing, which was better even than the wonderful pie. These ladies wore no Red Crosses, but their's was a good beginning to the In- diana hospitality which again manifested itself at Evansville. “As the train pulled into the depot we found awaiting us a feed beyond that of our expectation, and our money was as worthless as so much scrap paper. Al- though they had known of our coming only two hours, they had coffee—real genuine, honest-to-goodness coffee—with plenty of sugar and sandwiches, dough- nuts, bananas, apples and oranges in un- HELPING OUT WHEN GRIPPE STRUCK. limited quantities. It was a common. sight to see a fellow with a cigarette be- hind each ear and one in his mouth, and his hands full of doughnuts and fruit. If any man went away from there hungry, only he himself was to blame, for they not only offered their store of good things to eat, but thrust them upon us. When some of us offered them money they said they were not soliciting sub- scriptions. We tried to thank them, but were unable to do so to the whole extent of our feelings. “In closing may we say that the American Red Cross ought never again to have to go begging for funds. Surely it will receive the utmost support of every man who has seen military service. “Yours for the Red Cross, “P. S. Since we wrote this we have passed through Terre Haute, and we feel that we should add another chapter; but probably we can pay the ladies of Terre Haute no higher tribute than to say that they duplicated the reception at Evans- ville. Here’s to the ladies of Terre Haute!” Russian Children Send Thanks The following message addressed vo President Wilson has been received frcm the superintendent of public instruction at Archangel: “The school children of Archangel and the surrounding districts of North Rus- sia desire through you to express their Officers and men of American Army “kept house” at A. R. C. Canteen at Chateauroux, to relieve ill and overworked girls heartfelt thanks to the American Red Cross and especially the children of America who have contributed to the fund which has made it possible for the Russian children here to have hot lunches daily. The zest for education is great and the lunches furnished by the American Red Cross in Archangel strengthens and nurtures the children thus enabling them to pursue their studies with increased diligence.” - Pennies, nickels and dimes contributed to the American Red Cross by American school children have been providing midday nourishment for more than 2,200 school children of Archangel. A great majority of the Russian children are in an anaemic condition, many of them refugees from the interior of the coun- try, where food. of all kinds has been practically unobtainable during the last year, because of scarcity or the prohibi- tive price. Many of the school teachers are also refugees and the Red Cross is making provisions for their relief. Special Siberian Mission George W. Simmons, of St. Louis, manager of the Southwestern Division of the Red Cross, has been appointed head of a special mission that will represent the War Council in Siberia, investigat- ing the nature of the Red Cross work in that country with the object of laying out plans for the future. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN CARING FOR EX-PRISONERS Efficiency in Getting Liberated Amer- icans Out of Germany—Warm Welcome for Repatries The Central Committee for British Prisoners of War gives the American Red Cross great credit for its activities and its efficiency in the matter of getting prisoners of war out of Germany. The United States has sent two ships to Denmark for transportation of pris- oners to England, and further transporta- tion facilities and supplies can be pro- vided—the supplies from the American Red Cross stores at Copenhagen. Sixty-five tons of food have already been sent from Copenhagen to Danzig, where they have been used to relieve Allied prisoners of war and any needy Americans, although these last have been found in good health and well provided for owing to American Red Cross food parcels. Prisoners from the camps in the northeastern part of Germany seem to be in no great need of relief and are coming out to Denmark via the Baltic. Three vessels with a capacity of 6,000 prisoners ply between Denmark and England. When prisoners reach Eng- land, they are sent to a repatriation camp at Yorkshire, and there, as well as at the disembarkation points, Leith, Hull and Dover, the American Red Cross has representatives. The American Red Cross supplies the men with food, cloth- ing and money sufficient to care for them between the port and Winchester, and also gets complete data regarding each man, such as name, home address and his state of health; this information is then forwarded to Berne and to Washington. These ex-prisoners are looked after by the American Red Cross until in due course they leave for the United States. Ex-Prisoners Welcomed at Vichy A recent cablegram from Paris states that 2,300 returned American prisoners of war, who were concentrated at Vichy, re- ceived an enthusiastic welcome from the American Red Cross. During a five days’ quarantine period the men were visited daily by Red Cross women, who sup- plied them with magazines, stationery, fruit, candy, biscuits and cigarettes. On their release from quarantine the ex- prisoners, hundreds at a time, marched to the American Red Cross canteen, where a special vaudeville performance, con- cert and movie show was provided, and ice cream and “home-made” cake served. Colonel Walter D. Webb, commanding officer at Vichy, wrote to the Paris Red Cross Headquarters as follows: “Am sure it will interest you to hear of my interviews with repatriate Ameri- can prisoners from Germany. The prin- cipal topic of their conversation is praise of what the American Red Cross did for them while they were prisoners. Many of them have stated that they think they would have starved if it had not been for the American Red Cross boxes. Many arrived here with these boxes under their arms, used as lockers for their souvenirs and personal effects.” Vichy is one of the main hospital cen- ters. Seven hundred convalescents leav- ing there the week before Christmas re- ceived, in addition to their regular ra- tions, chocolate and cigarettes and their Christmas presents, because they were to be in transit on Christmas day. This practice, the cables state, was to be fol- lowed as far as possible in the case of all convalescents starting homeward. Speeding the Homeward Bound (Special Cablegram) Bordeaux, Dec. 24.—“Train coming” is the signal for bustling activity among the stretcher bearers, nurses, and coffee and sandwich makers in the great embarka- tion building here, where American wounded are received for loading aboard boats for home. There is something hot to eat and drink for every man. When necessary bandages are renewed, and pajamas, tooth brushes, handkerchiefs and other gifts are in readiness for the soldiers, whose cheery slogan is “Tell the world next stop Hoboken.” American Red Cross girls stationed at the gangplanks make sure that no man's needs have been overlooked. Christmas trees with presents have been made ready aboard each ship which is to be at sea on Christmas day, each present marked “The American Red Cross sends you the good wishes of the folks at home.” When the movement of convalescents makes way for well soldiers the Ameri- can Red Cross will open a canteen and gaily decorated gift booth in the main section of the embarkation building, where all will receive comfort bags con- taining cigarettes, jam, games, and other gifts. In the meantime these needs, in the case of men coming from the hos- pitals, are supplied by comfort bags de- livered to them when leaving for em- barkation points. Every man, whether sick or well, re- ceives his last bon voyage from Ameri- can Red Cross girls, who stick to their cold and windy posts at all hours. During the month of July, 1918, the American Red Cross furnished 120,000 injections of anti-gas serum. --*- - Millions of Old-Fashioned Cookies More than 6,000,000 old-fashioned American cookies—the kind mother used to make—were made in France and dis- tributed with the compliments of the American Red Cross, during the eight weeks immediately preceding and follow- ing the signing of the armistice. The cookies were made especially for the American soldiers in the field, for the wounded in hospitals and for distribution from scores of Red Cross canteens. Late advices from Paris are to the effect that the Red Cross officials do not think that the making of the cookies will be inter- fered with by the cessation of hostilities; possibly the boys in khaki will be able to relish them with greater zest now that they are not so busy hammering back the Germans to where they belong. So much has the demand increased since the signing of the armistice, in fact, that it is planned to raise the out- put from 200,000 to 700,000 a day. The cooky factory is located at Nogent-sur- Marne. They are wrapped in brown pa- per packages, each containing six cook- ies. On the cover is written “Gift of the American people through the American Red Cross.” The best material obtaina- ble is used in the baking, and the most expert of French cooks are employed. Forty persons are engaged in the bakery, and the work has been carried on in two shifts at the rate of twenty hours a day. There has been rivalry as to which work- er could turn out the most packages in a day, the record being held by a French girl who wrapped 2,000, containing 12- 000 cookies. The Red Cross supplies all the lard, sugar and flour that is used. - Seventeen Million in Roll-Call (Concluded from page 1) were in the field. The State College of Pennsylvania enrolled every man, woman and child. In the Potomac Division the City of Baltimore enrolled fifty per cent of its membership the first two days of the Roll-Call. In Washington the registra- tion lagged considerably during the first four or five days, but picked up some in the final hours. Three hundred and twenty-six chapters in the Southern Division had not been heard from when the manager of that di- vision transmitted his latest report. The Roll-Call there was carried on under the most distressing conditions, it was stated, the weather joining with the influenza to interfere with the work. Chapters were THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN ------ - * - urged to continue the registration until the tenth of January. “We are doing everything humanly possible,” wired the Southern manager, “and trust to make a good showing in the end.” Returns from Missouri in the South- western Division were retarded by rains, muddy roads and poor telephone service in the rural districts. “Snow storm in west, rain east, flu everywhere; regardless of above good report will be made,” was the word that came from Kansas. “In spite of influenza, in spite of snow and in spite of blizzard, we will continue this campaign enthusiastically to the end, with a view to enrolling every red- blooded American,” telegraphed the man- ager for Texas. Oklahoma reported terri- ble weather conditions on top of the flu. -_T- “But we will reach last year's member- ship if it takes all summer,” reported the State manager. The first report received from the Four- teenth Division came from the Buenos Aires Chapter in Argentina. It stated that the Buenos Aires Chapter had en- rolled about 2,000 Americans, practically the entire resident American population, and more than twice that number of asso- ciate members of other nationalities, a total of 6,400 members. The membership of the Chapter on June 30, 1918, was 425, and on December 1, 1918, it was 541. The splendid increase in the Christmas Roll- Call exceeded all expectations. It probably will be several weeks be- fore the complete reports are received from all divisions. - LONGSHOREMEN PRESENT AMBULANCE TO RED CROSS A completely equipped ambulance, a picture of which is presented above, has been given to the Red Cross by the Long- shoremen’s Association of New York. The presentation was made to the New York County Chapter of the Red Cross by John F. Reilly, Joseph Ryan and Ber- nard Cavanaugh, directors of the Long- shoremen’s Association. Members of the Executive Committee of the New York County Chapter and Canteen workers ac- cepted the ambulance in the name of the Red Cross. A tablet, inscribed “Donated by the International Longshoremen’s Associa- tion of the Port of New York and Vicin- ity” is attached to the ambulance. On behalf of the association the sum of $128, the surplus of the fund required to purchase the ambulance, was also con- tributed. At the time of the presentation the or- ganization supplemented their generosity by volunteering the services of from 300 to 500 longshoremen to work for the Red Cross in any activity which might require the use of services of men of this char- acter. A*, * tºº, ed Cross Bulletin º º Vol. III ºwnw of Nºw" WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 6, 1919 - * - JUNIORS FIND MUCH TO DO Sending Christmas Cheer to Child Victims of Forest Fires One of Timely Activities What is the Junior Red Cross doing now the war is over? Like the senior organization, the Junior Red Cross stands ready to help wherever its services can be of use. The organization which was built up to give the children a share in meeting the emer- gencies of war now finds itself ready to meeting the emergencies of peace. Playing Santa Claus to 3,500 little fire sufferers in Minnesota was the happy cheer of school children of the Northern Division. The idea = pack it. I did not help pack the boxes because I suppose the bigger boys and girls can do it better but I would like to help pack it very much. I wish you a Merry Christmas and I also wish you would all be happy in your new homes, playing with the toys and things we sent you. I hope to be your friend and helper. I will write you my address, and if you wish to write to me you may.” In the other divisions the Juniors did some work appropriate to the season. Dedicate Plot to American Dead The City Corporation of Belfast, Ire- land, has passed a resolution granting CHRISTMAS-TIDE IN PARIS American Red Cross Provided All Kinds of Good Times for Well and Wounded (Special Correspondence) Paris, Dec. 25.-The heart of every American soldier in Paris, in and out of the hospitals, is filled with gratitude to “the people back home” tonight because the American people, through the Amer- ican Red Cross, have filled soldiers hearts and belts with everything that goes to make up a real Christmas day. In four American Red Cross canteens turkey dinners were provided. At the headquarters of the organization thou- sands were enter- was to bring cheer into the desolate temporary homes of those who were driven out of the fire district. Substantial boxes, many of them made in manual training c 1 as ses, took the place of stockings. Suitable toys for boys and girls were put in the respective Sometimes the children made the se toys them- boxes. selves. A. R. C. PHOTOGRAPHERS ON FIELD OF WATERLOO, IMMEDIATELY AFTER RETREAT OF THE GERMANS: BRITISH MONUMENT IN BACKGROUND tained. In the hos- pitals real American dinners were served, candy and cigarettes g a 1 or e were dis- tributed, and Santa Claus h a n d e d out gifts. Christ m as carols were sung and entertainments given. “Best day since w e 1 a n d e d in France,” is the con- tented sigh from every boy in khaki. Red Cross head- quarters were deco- The g o o d old American dollar was stretched to its ut- most, for no box cost more than that. One destined for a boy of the stricken district contained articles like the follow- ing: two books, two games, three choc- olate nut bars, a paint box, a pair of mittens. And best of all, each box contained a friendly little letter from one of the children who had packed it. Here is a sample: “Dear Child of the Fire District: We sent you people in the Fire Dis- trict the boxes because we know there has been a fire and we all wished to help you. We spent money which all the school children brought. It was a great deal of fun to get the boxes ready. We were thinking it might be just as much fun for the people to un- “to the American Nation free of charge for all time,” a large plot of ground in the City Cemetery, where are buried thirty-four American soldiers, victims of influenza contracted on the trans-Atlantic voyage. The American plot will be spe- cially decorated and marked, and will continue as a permanent shrine to Amer- icans who gave their lives for the cause of civilization. The action of the Belfast Council is without precedent, and has been ap- plauded by public opinion throughout the British Isles. It is expected that the United States Government or the Ameri- can Red Cross will erect a suitable mon- unment, similar to that arranged for at the Islay cemeteries, a picture of which was shown in the preceding number of The Bulletin. - – rated for the Christ- mas celebration. Two large, illuminated Christmas trees were in the main cor- ridor, and there were twenty-two smaller ones. Wreaths of holly and mistletoe, festoons of fir and flowers, and groupings of the Allied flags carried out the color scheme. A big sign, “Welcome to the American Expeditionary Force–Amer- ican Red Cross,” greeted all callers just inside the entrance. Musical entertain- ment, readings and piano selections were given in the afternoon, following a cimenatograph entertainment last night. More than 1,000 soldiers and sailors were served with ice cream, choc- olate cake with white frosting, lemon- ade and candy, and each man was given a package of tobacco. Almost an equal number were similarly served at a dance tonight, the music for which was fur- 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN nished by an army band and orchestra. Fifty prominent Red Cross women were special hostesses to the boys. All other members of the Red Cross per- sonnel assisted. The canteens at which the turkey din- ners were served were specially deco- rated, and large illuminated Christmas trees were installed. The serving of the boys was started at eleven-thirty in the morning, continuing until two o'clock; and was resumed from six to eight in the evening. Scores of Red Cross women volunteered as assistants to the regular canteen staffs, just for the joy of helping. At one hotel, operated by the Ameri- can Red Cross for enlisted men, 350 boys were served at noon, 400 at night, and in the intervening hours hundreds received doughnuts, candy, cigarettes and coffee. “I have never seen anything to equal the gratitude of the boys for this day's work,” said the Baroness Castelli, for- merly Miss Anna Preston, of Brooklyn, who is directrice of the canteen. “It has been the most wonderful experience of my life.” The hotel provides sleeping quarters free for 300 boys each night, and gives them excellent breakfasts for ten cents and dinners for fifteen cents. The Christmas menu, served free, consisted of turkey, duck, ham, potatoes, creamed celery, turnips, chocolates, mousse, oranges, candy and cigarettes. The Gare du Nord canteen, of which A. R. C. CHRISTMAS TREE IN SHELL-SHOCK WARD, AMERICAN BASE HOSPITAL ] DART FORD, ENGLAND Miss Juliette Wells, of Fairfax, Virginia, and New York City, is directrice, served 500 boys at the noon hour and a larger number at night. In the afternoon, coffee, famous Red Cross doughnuts, candy and cigarettes were given to hun- dreds. British soldiers as well as Amer- ican were welcomed; and one American boy in Canadian uniform wept as he said to Miss Wells: “We have not had such a Christmas in years, and I don’t know & ºx & ENGLISH CHILDREN INSPECTING A. R. C. CHRISTMAS TREE AT DART FORD ~ - HOSPITAL & § 3. § O'S * º what I would have done if it had not been for the American Red Cross.” Colonel Gibson was a guest at another hotel canteen, and during the day and evening made the round of all the Amer- ican Red Cross canteens and all the hos- pitals. At the hotel canteen in question more than 1,500 boys were given a tur- key dinner, with all “trimmings,” and spent the day there. The Gare St. Lazare canteen served more than 2,000. Dances followed din- ner at all the canteens. Pain, care and worry were driven from the hospitals by the American Red Cross plans. The entertainments were given in ward after ward. There was turkey for all, and gifts were distributed by a real Santa Claus, who was greeted with the same happy cheers the boys might have bestowed on him when they were youngsters. “Bet I’ll get better ten days quicker now than if we hadn’t had this day.” This is a sample of scores of the replies made to the question, “Are you enjoying yourself?” And then they would add simply: “It’s good to know the people back home are with us all of the time.” The same program that marked the day’s observance in Paris was followed in all the hospitals throughout France. The Red Cross practically will keep open house for all members of the Amer- ican Expeditionary Force until New Year's day, when another large program of entertainment will be carried out. T H E Red C Ross B Uli Et N - 3 - - --- SUSPENSION OF KNITTING Articles on Hand Sufficient to Meet Needs of Troops, with Sur- plus for Other Relief Letters have been sent to division man- agers of the Red Cross by the general manager, announcing the discontinuance of further knitting by chapters, one of the war-time activities of the Red Cross which has been of very great value to the American soldiers and sailors since the entrance of the United States into the world conflict. In the seventeen months preceding the signing of the armistice, more than ten million knitted articles were turned out by the Red Cross chap- ters of the country. “The war came on suddenly,” it is stated in the letters, “and it was difficult for the government in the beginning al- ways to provide adequately for all the necessities of the troops that were being so rapidly mobilized. The Red Cross, with its tremendous production of knitted garments, has aided materially in provid- ing for the soldiers and sailors additional warm clothing in the form of socks, sweaters, helmets, etc., to supplement the equipment supplied by the quartermas- ter’s department. From the appreciation expressed on numberless occasions by the men themselves, this has been one of our considerable contributions in adding to the comfort of the men. “We have recently made a careful in- ventory of the stocks of knitted articles on hand in all divisions and camp ware- houses. From these stocks a quantity, sufficient in the judgment of the Depart- ment of Military Relief, to care for the needs of all men now in camps and for those returning from the other side, has been set aside for the use of that de- partment. The remaining stocks have been turned over to our Department of Foreign Relief, either for shipment to France for use of our men there, or for delivery to our foreign commissions for use in our civilian relief work. All re- quirements of this department have been adequately met and it will not be prac- tical to make further shipments of such articles later than the first part of Jan- uary, as, due to delays in transportation, goods shipped after that date will hardly arrive in time to be put to service dur- ing the present winter.” In suspending knitting as one of the regular production activities, chapters will be instructed to complete all knitted articles now in process; to give out no additional yarn to the members; to for- ward all completed articles as rapidly as possible to division warehouses; and to report all stocks of yarn still on hand, divided into sweater and sock yarn, un- less this information already has been made available. All knitted articles should be finished and sent to division warehouses promptly. - FIRST WOMEN TO ENTER GERMANY FOLLOWING ARMISTICE Miss Cheta Geary and Miss Luititia Curtis, of Denver, and their Co-workers at the A. R. C. Canteen at St. Ludwig, Alsace º sº HONOR ROLL OF THE DEAD Names of Nurses Enrolled Through Red Cross who Died or Were Killed in Service Following are the names, as far as ob- tainable, of Army and Navy nurses, re- cruited through the Department of Nurs- ing of the American Red Cross, who died or were killed in service from the time the United States entered the war up to June 30, 1918, as well as Red Cross nurses en- gaged in Red Cross work: Mrs. Edith Ayres, Attica, Ohio. Edith Janet Bailey, Milwaukee, Wis, May Berry, Frankton, Ind. Edith Bradfield, Clifton, Kansas. Curry D. Breckenridge, Chicago, Ill. Emma M. Butler, Calumet, Mich. Patricia L. Byron, Fullerton, Calif. Constance M. Caplan, Toronto, Canada. Mrs. Katherine W. Cecil, St. Louis, Mo. Katherine Dent, Biloxi, Miss. Mabel E. Eichhoff, Washington, D. C. Helen Fairchild, Watsontown, Pa. Lucy Fletcher, Boston, Mass. Lena Fuller, Porterville, Calif. Ora Margaret Gore, Chicago, Ill. Florence Hinton, Decatur, Ill. Lottie Hollenbeck, Olathe, Kansas. Alice Ireland, Media, Pa. Katherine Irwin, Exeter, N. H. Rose Kaplan, New York City, N. Y. Miriam E. Knowles, Yardley, Pa. Frances McCulloch, New York City. Hattie M. Newkirk, Jackson, Miss. Marion L. Overend, Peterboro, Onta- rio, Canada. Pearl Pennington, Presque Isle, Maine. Evelyn V. Petrie, Portsmouth, N. H. Annabel S. Roberts, Madison, N. J. Charlotte Stager, Nyack, N. Y. Florence Thorpe, Providence, R. I. Bertha C. Walker, Moscow, Idaho. Helen Burnet Wood, Evanston, Ill. Rose A. Young, Charleston, W. Va. Special Mission Sails for Siberia The special Red Cross mission being sent to Siberia to investigate the situa- tion there is scheduled to sail from San Francisco today. The mission is headed by George W. Simmons, of St. Louis, manager of the Southwestern Division, with rank of major. With him will be Major Harry D. Moore, in charge of merchandise and transportation; Capt. Roy McFarian, secretary to Major Sim- mons; Lieut. Charles McDonald, expert accountant, and Major F. K. Emerson, Surgeon. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the ma.] 3 as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUV3s.CRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . - President RoPERT W. DE For EST . . . . . . . . . Price-President John Skelton WILLIAMS . . - - - Treasurer John W. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee Eliot Wadsworth . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman George E. Scott . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. Davison, Chairman CoRNELIus N. BLIss, JR, JESSR. H. Jones GEorge E. Scott George B. CASE Ex Officio WILL AM. How ARD TAft Eliot WADsworth WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 6, 1919 The Honor Rolls There are presented in other columns of this issue of The Bulletin, names of American Army and Navy nurses, and others enrolled under the Red Cross, who have been decorated by foreign govern- ments for valorous service, and the equally glorious and heroic list of those who have met death in the service of their country and of humanity. Throughout the world war, American women, like the men of America, have as- sisted in maintaining the best traditions of the nation. The courage of the nurses has been shown in many an emergency, matching fully their general devotion to duty. Subjected to dangers never before confronting “angels of mercy” in all the history of war, they never have faltered. Whether in the hospitals where there has been no distinction between day and night so far as ceaseless work was con- cerned, or directly under the enemy fire, they have at all times had one thought— the care of the charges committed to them. They have faced and met death with the same bravery that has character- ized the men in khaki. No decorations by appreciative govern- ments nor shafts of marble ever can measure the devotion and the sacrifices made by the women whose presence and sharing of danger has been a constant in- spiration to the men in arms. The Red Cross nurse, in whatever service enlisted, has glorified her sisterhood and her sex for all ages to come. The extra-hazard- ous duty for which medals have been be. stowed was all in the day's work—work that would have been done by thousands of others if the opportunity or the call had come to them. The risks and the heroism that carried the greatest sacri- fice of all—the giving of life itself—were such as the corps as a whole would have shared in the same emergencies. In the days when the story of the war shall be written in calmness, no pages will have greater lustre than those de- voted to the women who went forth to soothe and comfort in the darkest years the world has known. *Just for the Joy of It” The holiday season just passed will be a pleasant memory to Uncle Sam's boys now beyond seas, as well as to those still on duty in the camps in this country. Homesickness, most depressing of af- flictions, and peculiarly severe in its manifestations on the feast days most intimately associated with thoughts of family, had an antidote in the Christmas and New Year's programs which were carried out by the American Red Cross. The human touch is everything; and that is what adds so much to the effec- tiveness of the work carried on by the Red Cross in all its fields of activity. But in the instances now referred to it was not only the boys in the camps and hospitals who reaped the benefit. Read- ing the reports, one wonders whether the boys or those who entertained and feted them got the greater pleasure out of it. Let us assume it was mutual; for every one of us must appreciate the signifi- cance of a line in a Paris cablegram tell- ing of the Christmas celebrations in France, which states that many workers assisted in making the boys happy, “just for the joy of helping.” “For the joy of helping!” Everybody at home ought to get a heap of pleasure just contemplating the good time that was given to our boys in a season that would have been dismal indeed if there had not been an organization to link them, in spirit, with the home folks. Vicariously the whole American people were the entertainers and the hosts and hostesses of the boys in khaki, for it was their generosity and interest that enabled the telling human touch to achieve its purpose. - All the millions of money America has contributed to ease and comfort her sol- diers could not purchase a fraction of the satisfaction everybody must feel in knowledge of the fact that they have had some part, even silently, in the good work. And surely the Red Cross spirit will continue to bring rewards through the same sort of satisfaction—with so much “carry on” work left to do, and with the joy of doing so firmly estab- lished. The New Civilian Relief Head Willoughby G. Walling, who has been appointed acting director general of the Department of Civilian Relief, has been in the service of the American Red Cross since August, 1917. He has served as associate director of divisional organ- ization, manager of junior enrollment, director of division administration, chair- man of the National Committee on Spanish Influenza, liaison officer with the morale branch of the War De- partment, member of the National Com m i t t e e on Awards, and mem- ber of various other committees. Prior to the war Mr. Walling was a banker. He has served as secretary of the Western Trust and Savings Bank, of Chicago; was trust offi- cer of the Central Company, of Chicago; and director of the Fletcher Trust and Savings Bank, of Indianapolis, Morris Plan Bank, of Chicago, and the Winnetka State Bank, of Winnetka, Ill. He has been continuously interested in social and public problems and work since his col- lege days, and has a long record of activity in that field in Chicago. The committee for refugees of the American Red Cross has given 50,000 francs to the city of Lille, 25,000 francs to Roubaix and 25,000 francs to Tour- coing, for the rehabilitation of return- ing inhabitants. T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN - ; , . . .” --- •- - , , - . . . . . - . . . .-- - - - - - - , , - - - - ---- THE RED CROSS AND THE DISTRESS PROBLEMS NOW CONFRONTING THE WORLD Nearly two months have elapsed since the signing of the armistice, and while the diplomatic agents of the United States and the Allied Nations are engaged in arranging the preliminaries of the peace conference, attention is being drawn more and more to the distress crying for relief throughout the world. The fires that caused the holocaust have been extin- guished or have burned out; but the ex- tremity of human misery is only begin- ning to be realized. One of the important questions of the hour concerns the part which the Ameri- can Red Cross and the other Red Cross organizations of the world shall play in dealing with the relief problems that are pressing for solution, and that will con- tinue to demand systematic consideration until the world has been restored to something like its normal self. On the principle that necessity knows no law, the emergencies that are presented will be dealt with through the agencies al- ready in operation, without waiting on the formalities of national or interna- tional governmental action. The Red Cross, for instance, naturally will give its aid where the call is urgent and im- perative, the same as it did throughout the continuance of hostilities. The un- derlying problems, however, hinge for their solution upon governmental sanc- tion or direction in one form or another; . and in consequence the Red Cross will live expectant with regard to the func- tion it will be called upon to perform. + 3 + The main point to be kept in mind for the present is that the need for relief work will tax the power of all existing agencies, so that, from the strictly Red Cross standpoint, there need be no doubt about there being plenty to do. It is simply a question of awaiting developi ments, now that the governments that have been engrossed with the parapher- nalia of war and the maneuvering of armies are able to turn their attention to the general welfare of their peoples. General conditions which have ap- pealed to the imagination largely through suggestion, are now being brought to light in concrete form by the appeals from distressed peoples. With the ad- vent of the new year that promises the reign of permanent peace on earth, the cables are bringing these appeals to the National Headquarters of the American Red Cross, relayed through the Red Cross commissions abroad. Requests for assistance are being received from all nations through various sources—indi- vidual, diplomatic and military. Authen- tic reports of conditions reveal situations hard to realize and pathetic in the ex- treme. - - - Even the smallest countries, says one of the latest cables received from the European headquarters of the American Red Cross, have problems that to cope with, even partially, would soon exhaust all resources. All, it is explained, involve political and economic considerations as yet unsettled. Necessarily these matters must be dealt with in great caution at this time. # * * .." Generally speaking, the requests for help thus far have been for three pur- poses. In the first place there are calls to relieve the refugee problems of almost all of the Allied Nations. Millions of persons have been driven from pillar to post by the various fortunes of war of their respective countries, and in conse- quence the nerve-racked populations are possibly more distracted than ever, in the reaction from the excitement of war, as they face the problems of direct future interest to them personally. The second class of appeals involves the problems respecting allied prisoners in Germany and Austria, especially those regarding the Russian, Italian, French and English prisoners. And the third class of requests em- braces appeals for assistance, either di- ſº enable the Americans to release some rect or indirect, to the Central Powers, which have been the cause of all the problems with which the world now must "| contend. - :}: ::: :: With respect to the first class of ap- peals noted, it may be stated that the American Red Cross has commissions in France, Belgium, Italy, Greece and Ser- bia, and is just sending commissions to 3 Roumania and Montenegro, and will cover other territory in the Balkans. The policy of those in close touch with ſº the situation is to do such emergency work as is possible to relieve conditions until the allied governmental program becomes effective. All Jugoslavia will be thus covered. In Russia the problem is very great, and the best that can be done there for the time being, in the opinion of those who are studying the question, is to con- tinue work along the lines already in- augurated, which has been of great value. Poland is almost the only country where the American Red Cross is not formally represented, and there is talk of sending a small commission there, with supplies which can be obtained from the Red Cross stores in Europe. Com- munication already has been had with the official Polish relief body in France, and the turning over to that body of a quantity of medical supplies is under con- sideration. Some supplies of this kind. already have been furnished from Italy. In all countries where Red Cross corn- missions exist the policy is to refer all requests direct to the commissioner, with power to act as his judgment may dic- tate. - :}; :: :: The Russian prisoner situation in Ger- many is the most pathetic of any. The Italian prisoners also are in bad plight. But the problems here involved are ob- viously for governmental solution. The American Red Cross has indicated that, if the governments will furnish the food- stuffs and ship them to Berne and Copen- hagen, it will arrange for their distribu- tion to the prisoners in Germany. The same word has been communi- cated to the American military authori- º' ties at General Headquarters, and they | are now negotiating with the Italians to quartermaster's stores at Berne and else- where for Italian prisoners. r In the future it is planned to refe all matters of this kind to the American embassy, with the understanding that the American Red Cross will place its entire facilities at the disposal of the Allied Governments, when requested, for assis- tance in the distribution of food and clothes to prisoners. :: $: :: The only possible policy in the treat- ment of requests for assistance to the | people of the Central Powers, is to re- serve action until the Allied Govern- ments reach an agreement as to what should be the governmental policy. Meanwhile there is very, very much to T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN be done which actually will save many lives among the peoples of the Allied Nations; the initiative with respect to anything that may be deemed advisable for the Central Powers properly must be taken by the governments which are to form conclusions regarding the general peace plans. Some weeks ago the general manager of the American Red Cross stated in definite terms that the American Red Cross had no intention of undertaking any relief work in Germany, in answer to questions that were being asked in large numbers on that subject. :k :k :k Supplementing the cable advices from Red Cross sources abroad regarding ex- isting distress, a cable has been received from United States Minister Vopica re- specting conditions in Roumania. This cable transmitted appeals from Queen Marie and from the ministers of the Al- lied Nations. Mr. Vopica stated that un- less immediate help is received hunger most certainly will press within thirty days. The most pressing need, he de- clares, is for wheat, after which come linen, ready-made clothing and boots and shoes. Additional information on the situa- tion in Russia is given in a cablegram from Copenhagen, which states that in Petrograd two hundred children are be- ing fed daily by the Danish American Red Cross, but at the limit of the food supply. In Petrograd there is absolutely no food obtainable, it is added, and the Russian minister at Copenhagen is quoted as declaring that unless there is an immediate supply of food made ob- tainable the population will die off. :: :: :k Enough is presented here with in the way of a word picture of the distress conditions in general to show the ave- nues of humanitarian work that are opening up. Needless to say, America with its plenty and its generous heart, will be relied on to take a leading part in the great work. We have our or- ganization ready to meet the world’s call, and to labor in cooperation with the other Red Cross organizations when the general program is put into effect. Our national food administrator is on the ground, and in every way American genius and resource may be counted on to assist to the extent of human power in setting the world on its feet again. In all probabliity not the least of President Wilson’s influence while he is in direct touch with the situation in all its phases, will be directed to the end THE REVOLUTION IN GERMANY Members of the Soldiers' Council setting forth to Harangue the People in Berlin-(Note—These “BROTHER, DON'T SHOOT!” - This group, snapped in Berlin in the early days *** Revolution, certainly looks well fed and clothe photographs, the first out of Germany, released by courtesy of American Red Cross, Berne) that the agencies of relief for the physical sufferings of the war may be made most effective. Returns from the Roll-Call Owing to the adverse conditions pre- vailing in many parts of the country, re- turns from the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call still are far from complete. In several areas where the influenza epi- demic interfered with the work during the period set the Roll-Call is being continued. Practically every division re- ports that returns from many chapters are incomplete, while in some of the di- visions many chapters have sent in no figures at all. Generally speaking the figures printed last week stand as the approximate re- sults in the various sections of the coun- try. The Roll-Call managers are en- deavoring to hurry the belated returns so as to present the actual figures at the earliest possible moment. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE WORK INSWIZERLAND Newspaper Correspondent Writes of the Broad Scope of A. R. C. Activities There Julian Grande, special correspondent of The New York Times, writes to that paper from Berne, Switzerland, under date of November 18, 1918: “The noise of battle is over, and the labors of those who hastened to succor the wounded and minister to sufferers and prisoners of war will soon be no longer needed. But before those labors wholly cease I would like to record what has been done in Switzerland by the American Red Cross. Its work was not confined to relieving the necessities of American prisoners of war, but was ex- tended to alleviating the distress of Rus- sians, Serbians, Italians, and even Swiss. “A few days ago I visited the stores and offices of the American Red Cross in Berne, and I must admit that I was amazed by the perfection of the organiza- tion. Everything was carried on with the regularity of clockwork. The stores where the parcels were made up for American prisoners of war in Germany were models of neatness, and the provi- sions sent had, of course, all been brought from the United States. Many of them, indeed, could not be bought in Switzerland now, and some of them not MoToº Corps wome N IN THE FLU" Fic, HT Capt. Marian Fairchild, District of Columbia Corps, in Front—All Over the United States Red Cross Women are Doing this Work CHILDREN AT LA PANNE SCHOOL, ESTABLISHED BY THE QUEEN OF BELGIUM, WI I H ASSISTANCE FROM THE AM. H. RICAN RED CROSS at any time. Many a Swiss householder would have paid a handsome sum for a few of the fine cans of salmon, for ex- ample, or some of the corned beef or bis- cuits or a few pounds of the sugar and coffee, wherewith to eke out the scanty rations at present doled out to him. “I saw packages being made up to be sent to American prisoners of war in Germany. They were all packed in neatly made boxes, but the contents varied. The parcel which used to be sent to a prisoner as soon as it was known that he had been captured contained both food and Afterward the monthly ration allowed for each prisoner clothing. was made up of everything that a man would need for common comfort. “The American Red Cross in Switzer- land has done much for évacués and refugees, and also for the Swiss Red Cross at Basle, a town through which altogether about 800,000 French and Bel- gian évacués have passed. Then there were constantly trains of wounded and consumptive Italian soldiers being taken from Austria through Switzerland to Italy; and at Buchs (Austro-Swiss fron- tier) the Americans had a canteen and an organization for supplying refugees not only with food, but with underclothing and shoes. These tuberculous Italian soldiers used to come from Austria with- out any underwear, with their shirts in rags, and half of them without any shoes or boots, their feet being bound up with ragS. - “Russian prisoners of war in Germany, who have suffered perhaps more than those of any other nationality, have not been forgotten by the American Red Cross in Berne, and much has also been done for Serbians. For instance, fifty Serbian officers and medical students have been enabled to continue their studies in order to be able to return to their country fully qualified doctors or dentists. Armenians loyal to the Allies have also been cared for and helped.” T H E R E D C F O S S B U L L E T IN AMERICAN NURSES DECORATED FOR VALOR Names of Those Who Have Been Honored by Foreign Governments During the War From various sources the Nursing De- partment of the American Red Cross has gathered names of army and navy nurses enrolled by the American Red Cross - as well as those serving under the Red Cross, who have been decorated for valorous service by European govern- ments and accorded special commenda- tion by military commanders. A com- “plete list can not be presented until after peace is an established fact, and even then the heroism of many nurses will remain recorded only in the hearts of the men who have known the comfort and the inspiration of their pres- ence. The list as collated follows: MADELEINE JAFFRAY, Philadel- phia.-Croix de Guerre (plus a star) for valorous service as a nurse at Adin- kerke, near La Panne, Belgium, during an air raid, June 5, 1917. Enlisted in French Red Cross, but is an enrolled member of the American Red Cross; also given a special insignia in bronze, pre- sented to nurses who have been long in the service, and have been particularly distinguished for merit or faithful serv- ice. BEATRICE MARY McDONALD, New York City.—British Military Medal, for courageous conduct under fire. Sur- gical nurse in an evacuation station. Lost sight through an injury from a bomb dropped by German aviators. Was head nurse Presbyterian Hospital, New York City. Commended by a personal letter from Gen. Pershing. EVA JEAN PARMALEE, Spring- field, Ill.—British Military Medal for courageous action under fire. Although wounded remained at her post dur- ing the night. Was injured by the same bomb which struck Miss MacDonald. Graduated 1907; went overseas 1917. Commended by a personal letter from General Pershing: “Such bravery on the part of one of our compatriots calls forth our deepest gratitude and is a source of admiration to us all.” FLORENCE BULLARD, Glens Falls, N. Y.-Croix de Guerre, for bravery under bombardment on July 31, 1918. Sailed with the American Ambulance Corps for foreign duty December, 1916; for some time in service at Neuilly, France; later in active service in field hospitals, through the Soissons Cam- paign, and Chateau Thierry. Official ci- tation commends her “for imperturbable Sangfroid under the most violent bom- bardments during March and May. De- spite her danger, she hunted for, as- sisted, and comforted the wounded; and her attitude was especially brilliant July 31st, when bombs burst near her.” JENNIE McKEE, Burlington, Ont., Canada.-Croix de Guerre, for valor under fire with a unit of the Woman’s Overseas Hospital, U. S. A. The cita- tion reads “For coolness and gallantry in the care of French and American wounded on June 16th, when German aviators bombed the hospital where she was stationed.” TYLDESLEY L. SANDS, Washing- ton, D. C.—Commended by a personal letter from General Pershing, “for a high standard of fortitude during a hos- tile air raid, when she displayed great courage and coolness, and brought cheer and comfort to the helpless patients in her charge.” Upon the Red Cross Commission to Roumania the King of Roumania con- ferred the “Order of the Croix Reine Marie.” The nurses receiving the order Were : Florence Patterson, chief nurse, Chi- cago, Ill.; J. B. Donald, New Castle, Wash.; Linda Meirs, Trenton, N. J.; Adelaine H. Rowland, New York City; Alice Gilbourne, Winnebago City, Minn.; Mary Foerster, Traux, Sask, Canada; Alma Foerster, Chicago; Katherine Olm- stead, Wallington, N. Y.; Mary A. Brownell, Dickson City, Pa.; Rachel C. Torrance, New York City; Beatrice M. Gosling, Milburn, N. J. Miss Florence Patterson, while in Japan, on her way back to America, was awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal. - Upon Miss Helen Scott Hay, Wash- ington, D. C., and to Miss Rachel C. Torrance, New York City, the Bulgarian Red Cross conferred the Decoration of the Bulgarian Red Cross for “splendid work done in the fulfillment of their pro- fession,” in 1915.” The French Government has enrolled many American Red Cross nurses in “Le Livre D’Or,” which is an Honour Book for “Golden Deeds.” Field Marshal Haig has recommended twelve American Red Cross nurses serv- ing on the Western Front, as deserving of special mention. In England, the Order of the Cross of Queen Mary “for devoted service” has been bestowed on four Red Cross nurses. The Royal Red Cross Medal of His : Majesty King George, has been pre- sented to four American nurses, one of whom rendered distinguished service at a casualty clearing station on the front lines. - The Red Cross Commission to Keif, Russia, was recommended by the Rus- sian Government to receive the Crossº” Saint Anne for services in 1915. pervising Nurses—Miss- Helen- Jºtt- Hay, Miss Lucy Minnegerode-audiº is * Charlotte Burgess were ta-recefwr 3 Cross, and the following-miſses * - Commission to receive Strºef Crosses” Aurel Baker, Eagle, Wis.; Lucie E. Bartram, Waterbury, Conn.; Kathryn Bartlett, Chicago; Clara A. Barndollar, Everett, Pa.; Mary F. Bowman, Elm- hurst, Ill.; R. Lee Cromwell, El Paso, Texas; Marion H. Echternach, Straus- burg, Pa.; Mary F. Farley, New York City; Florence Farmer, Ancaster, Ont. Canada; Alma Foerster, Chicago; Alice Gilbourne, Winnebago City, Minn.; Anna Hansen, Chicago; Gertrude Hard, Lion City, Ill.; Freida Hartman, New York City; Sara Hibbart, Eagle Grove, Iowa; Mary Hill, Lima, Ill.; Blanche Horner, New York City; Cora Johnson, Rock- ford, Ill.; Sophie Kiel, New York City; Edwina Klee, Chicago; Sara Lee, West- port, Conn.; Helen Linderman, South Bethlehem, Pa.; Margaret McGary, Brokenburg, Va.; Martha Moritz, Peoria, Ill.; Maud H. Metcalf, Little Falls, N. J.; Helen Northwood, Greystone Park, N. J.; Margaret Pepper, Rome, N. Y.; Het- tie Reinhardt, Winston-Salem, N. C.; Ma- bel B. Rich, South Truro, Mass.; Anna R. Smith, Sykens, Penn.; Eleanor Sou- kup, Kanapolis, Kan.; Florence Snyder, Lansford, Pa.; Rachel C. Torrance, New York City. * *. After the declaration of peace, the Florence Nightingale Medal will be awarded by the International Commit- tee of the Red Cross to those nurses who have rendered singularly disting- uished service during the war. Mr. Roelker Heads Bureau W. G. Roelker, formerly associate di- rector of the Bureau of Chapter Organi- zation and Membership Extension, at National Headquarters, has been ap- pointed director of that bureau. - HY tº Al-t-1854. S 7S- the Red JAN 23 1919 Cross Bulletin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 13, 1919 No. 3 FIGHTING SIBERIAN TYPHUS Train Equipped by Allied Powers, Manned by American Red Cross, to Traverse the Country An Allied anti-typhus train, the con- trol of which is under the American Red Cross Commission and to be op- erated by the American Red Cross, is one of the late important features of relief work in Siberia, according to a report which is just at hand from Vladivostok, under date of December 2. The train, report states, was to be sent out through Siberia to fight the typhus situation, which has instance, the cooperation of the local authorities, hospitals and doctors will be obtained, and the work done through the Russian people themselves so far as pos- sible. No military force of any kind is to be used, but the train is to be sent out in a spirit of helpfulness to the Russian people. - Circulars will be printed in Russian and distributed along the line, telling the people of the necessity for bathing and keeping clean, and stating the general precautions against typhus. While the whole scheme is largely experimental, the opinion is expressed in the report that it will prove one of the best things EASING THE MINDSATHOME Enormous Volume of Work Piled on Communication Bureau Since Armistice Was Signed The American Red Cross Bureau of Communication finds its work enor- mously increased since the signing of the armistice. More than 300 persons are now required to handle the vast volume of correspondence that keeps the folks at home informed about the men who are with the colors, for at this time been very grave. The plan was decided upon by the Allied Sanitary Commis- sion, as a result of recommend a ti on s made by the Red Cross. The funds for this relief enterprise are primarily to be sup- plied by the various Allied Powers, though it is CO11- ceivable, says the re- port, that a certain amount later may have to be supplied by the American Red Cross. Dr. Joshua Rosett, of Baltimore, w ho MONUMENT TO AMERICANS, IN RECOGNITION OF WAR SERVICES, ERECTED IN BRUSSE LS ON DAY AFTER GERMANS LEFT THE CITY handled the typhus situation at Nikolck, has been placed by the Red Cross in charge of the train, and will be the medical director. Mr. Bukeley, formerly of the First National Bank of Honolulu, will be the financial representative and handle all the funds furnished by the Allied powers. The train itself is composed of four- teen cars, including cars with bathing facilities, cars for clothing, drugs, and for personnel. The train is painted the usual gray of the Russian sanitary train and will bear in Russian the name “Allied Anti-Typhus, Train, Operated by the American Red Cross.” It will be the general purpose of the train to act as a sort of standard bearer. On coming to a town where typhus is prevalent, for taken up by the Red Cross so far as its wide-reaching effect is concerned. The men who have volunteered to go out on the train not only have the question of disease ahead of them, but also the uncertainty of Russian politics, and thus are taking a long chance. - Many Palestine children, blinded by picking up unexploded bombs, may soon be taught remunerative trades by the American Red Cross. Miss Elizabeth Hoyt, of New York, has been appointed a member of the American Red Cross Commission for France, to fill the place of Miss Ruth Morgan, resigned. between 80,000 and 90,000 letters are being handled by the bureau weekly. Officials of the bureau attribute no small measure of the success of its work to the zeal and p a triot is m with which the hundreds of women and girls employed daily at- tack their task. Fully appreciating the importance of their work to thou- sands of American soldiers and their families, these work- ers maintain the highest morale and, steadily at work as all are kept through every hour of the day to keep abreast of the flood of cor- respondence, duty after hours is cheerfully performed by Nearly thirty in the bureau are volunteer workers. - The bureau of communication was es- tablished in May, 1917, about a month after the United States entered the world war, with the title of Bureau of Infor- mation of Casualties, to carry out the purpose expressed in that clause of the Arnerican Red Cross charter which em- powers the society to act “in accord with the military and naval authorities as a medium of communication between the people of the United States of America and their Army and Navy, and to act in such matters between similar national societies of other governments through the Comite International de Secours; and SCOreS. T H E R E D C R O SS B UL LET IN the government and the people, and the Army and Navy of the United States of America.” The original personnel was six people, which grew to thirty in May, 1918, when the work of the bureau really got under way. By August the steadily growing force reached a total of 150 employes, and when the Germans surrendered the roster contained 220 names. Since that time it has been found necessary to add about one hundred new workers to the staff. During the early period of the bu- reau's activities last May about 1,800 let- ters were handled weekly. The number of letters received and sent in August was 26,000 weekly; and at the time the armistice was effected 50,000 were being handled weekly, the number almost doubling since then. The largest phase of the work con- sists of “first inquiry” letters from the families of soldiers who have not been heard from for a long period. These in- quiries, sometimes reaching a total of 20,000 weekly, are referred to the Red Cross organization abroad, where scores of American Red Cross searchers are constantly ascertaining the location and condition of soldiers and transmitting the information to the families through the bureau here. About two months is ordinarily required for a report to come back from Paris, but sometimes the search is longer. An instance of the persistence with which the searchers stick to their task, was revealed at the Walter Reed Army Hospital here by a wounded soldier not long returned from France. As he was being carried aboard the transports at Liverpool, the soldier told a visitor, a Red Cross searcher ran up and greeted him by name. She had found him at last at the end of a four months’ hunt. The return of soldiers, now steadily increasing, is greatly complicating the task of the bureau, for it is only in the last few days that the official lists of re- turned men have been available at the War Department. Files are being built up, however, that will make unnecessary the reference of many inquiries to Paris. In this activity there is also a large wire correspondence. It is the policy of the bureau to answer telegrams by telegraph, involving the handling of about 200 land wire messages daily. Also, in urgent cases, such as where a soldier has not been heard from, or where there is a conflict in reports concerning a soldier, the cable is used. About 250 * York. The rear row shows: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF A. R. C. WORKROOMS IN LONDON The photograph above shows the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross workrooms in London, which were closed the first week in December after manufacturing great quantities of surgical dress- ings for the Red Cross throughout the period of the war. Chester Purrington, Amesbury, Mass.; Mrs. Frank Willcox, New Orleans: Mrs. H. S. Waite, Chm., Chicago: Mrs. Lorin Woodruff, Buffalo: Mrs. Gillist Naylor, New York; and Mrs.' Hugh McCall, New Mrs. Arthur Walker, Northampton, Mass.: Mrs. Boylston Beal, Boston: Mrs. Eugene Tobey, Portland, Me.; Mrs. George Short, Brooklyn; Mrs. John G. Elliott, New York: Mrs. Beckwith Spencer, Oakland, Cal.; Mrs. Robert McClellan, Cambridge, N. Y. The front row, left to right, includes: Mrs. such cablegrams are being handled daily. This service embraces the supplying, verification, and details of deaths and wounding. The stories of eye-witnesses or companions of the soldiers are ob- tained in the first case, while hospital reports and the soldier's own story are forwarded in the latter. So well or- ganized is this work that there have been cases where families have received weekly hospital reports for weeks with- out a break. At present from 10,000 to 20,000 hospital reports are coming from abroad every week. Other important branches of this work are handling miscellaneous inquiries, which alone keep ten correspondents busy; locating men reported missing in action, forwarding letters to enemy coun- tries, in accordance with government regulations, and, not least, sending indi- vidual letters of condolence to the fami- lies whose sons have made the supreme sacrifice. Among other difficulties, the bureau has been hard hit by the influenza epi- demic, which has kept as many as 64 workers of the bureau from their task in one day. - W. R. Castle, Jr., is director of the bu- reau. The only other men in it are W. S. Innis, telegraph and cable manager, Paul Kaufman, office manager, and two male stenographers. The American Red Cross has given $50,000 to the Serbian Red Cross for the relief of the Serbian population and tu- bercular officers and soldiers of the Serb army. - - Red Cross Exhibit from Italy An exhibit of the work made in the sewing-rooms, workshops and schools of the American Red Cross in Italy is be- ing sent to the national headquarters of the organization at Washington. The exhibit is representative of the work turned out by Red Cross institutions, in which thousands of Italy's refugees and the mothers and children of her soldiers been employed or cared for. Among the various articles are garments for children selected from several ouvroirs, bits of wood-carving by refu- gee boys in Taormina, and a mattress stuffed with seaweed, made in a Florence workroom. Among the types of shoes included in the display is the cloth-soled variety— popular in A. R. C. workrooms because of the lack of leather—first introduced by Friulian refugees who brought with them this, their native footwear. There are also the Italian “zoccoli,” shoes with wooden soles and cloth or “devil-skin.” tops. There is knitting from Tivoli, and Venice is represented by kindergarten samplers, sewn by babies whose school- rooms and play yards show grim evi- dence of Austrian air raids. Last, but not least, is a rag rug. It is interesting to know that America has in- troduced the “rag rug” into Italy. Many varieties of these are made in the differ- ent workrooms of scraps from the sew- ing, and have been used to advantage in Red Cross homes and schools. have The American Red Cross provides in- dividual music for wounded soldiers un- able to attend concerts. s º: T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 THE CANTEENS IN ENGLAND About 400 Workers, in Dozen Units, Busy at All Points of Em- barkation for U. S. The Canteen Service of the American Red Cross in England now comprises about a dozen units and has a personnel of approximately 400 workers. It is es- tablished at all points used in the em- barkation and debarkation of American troops and at points. There has been a great variety to the work done. During the period when troops were still being brought from America there were transports to be met constantly at widely separated points. Since the stream of incoming troops ceased there has been similar work for departing troops, as well as a large various intermediate amount of work for soldiers and sailors on leave in the large English cities. The service has now been in operation nearly six months, and in that time has served more than a million meals. While at first the supplies and equipment were purchased locally the situation has changed considerably of late, and the major portion of the supplies now used are imported from America. It is something of a privilege to the workers of the Canteen Service to know that they have acted as official “hosts” to the American soldiers and sailors wherever they have moved in England. The very first welcome that the incom- ing soldier received on reaching the piers of the British port was given by some one of the various canteen units of the Red Cross. Again, on his way across England, he met the Red Cross canteens on the lines of communication and em- barkation for France, and now that he is leaving England's shores he again finds the Red Cross canteen women on the job, the Red Cross girl being at the gangplank with goodies. READING MATTER GALORE Millions of Newspapers, Periodicals and Magazines Sent to Our Sol- diers by the Red Cross Starting with a distribution of 300 magazines in October, 1917, the circula- tion of reading matter by the American Red Cross among the soldiers in France has risen to enormous totals. During November, 1918, a report by the Recre- A. R. C. REPRESENTATIVES PLACING wreath ON GRAve of Edith CAVELL, NOVEMBER, IMMEDIATELY AFTER DEPARTURE OF GERMANS FROM BRUSSELS A. R. C. PHOTOGRAPHERS AT SPOT WHERE EDITH CAVELL WAS EXECUTED - BELGIAN ARMY RIFLE RANGE ation and Welfare Bureau of the Army and Navy Department shows more than 2,500,000 daily and 270,000 weekly news- papers, and 450,000 magazines were dis- tributed to the various army camps and hospitals. And in this connection it is emphasized that the signing of the armi- stice has appreciably increased the de- mand for news from the United States among the soldiers. Magazines and newspapers are now distributed at more than 400 points, reaching virtually every branch of the military forces, including all of the hos- pitals and the army of occupation that is holding the Rhine. The distribution is carried out on a regular schedule and by every conceivable means, many bun- dles of periodicals having been dropped from airplanes to units on the battle front when hostilities were in progress, In many instances the magazines and newspapers provided by the Red Cross proved the only reading available for the soldiers in isolated places, and their ap- preciation is expressed in many letters. 4. THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN - PUBLISHED weekly by THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING Application made for entry to the mail; as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington * : Nº tº A R A YEAR By subscripTION National Officers of the American Red Cross WooD Row W LSON . . . . . . . - President Robert W. DE FOREST W tº e-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS Treasurer Joh N W. D. Avrº - f our selor STOCKTON Axso". • var, WILLIAM How A* ; , , , ºf *... . - . s … -- Eliot W. Adswokºrº - . . F, , ; ; * (#7 º żº GEORGE E. SCOTT . - a ge. Red Cross % . . . . - ". . . . . . . d State, By Appointment of the tº: - HENRY P. DAvison, Chairman CoRNELIgs N. BLISS, JR, GEORGE E. Scott . . . . . . , Ex. Officio WILL, AM How A RD TAF'r Washington, D. C., JANUARY 13, 1919 * . The Greater Relief Work Public attention has been brought | strongly to bear on the immensity of the European relief problem within the last ten days. Closely following the general survey of conditions presented - in the preceding issue of The Red Cross Bulletin, the food situation in various countries has been brought prominently to notice through a communication from President Wilson to the American Con- gress, and statements from Herbert C. Hoover, who has been made director general of an international organization that will Cope with affairs in liberated areas. President Wilson has asked the Con- gress to appropriate $100,000,000 imme- diately to provide foodstuffs to the liber- ated populations of Austria, Turkey, Po- land and Western Russia, and such others, outside of Germany, as may be determined upon by the President as necessary from time to time. At this writing a bill embodying the executive recommendation has been favorably tions Committee. - Mr. Hoover has presented a graphic picture of the distressing situation in many lands, and stated the necessity for inter-governmental action on an enor- WASHINGTON, D. C. JESSE H. Jones -- GEORGE B. CASE || mous scale. As previously stated, the pending relief task is so enormous that governmental action alone can deal with it. But it is becoming more and more apparent that the call which government will make for aid will involve in time the utilization of every resource of vol- unteer relief agencies. There is, and must continue to be, readiness to meet every demand. Theodore Roosevelt At the meeting of the Red Cross War Council, held January 8, the chairman stated that the country had been shocked at the death of former President Theo- dore Roosevelt, and that he wished to present a vote expressing the sorrow of the War Council and that of the mem- bers of the American Red Cross. There- | upon it was, on motion, Voted: That the War Council of the Erior wansworth American National Red Cross has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, which oc- curred at his home, Sagamore Hill, Oyster Bay, New York, on the sixth of January; that in his death the country has lost one of the greatest leaders of national thought in its history, and the world one of its strongest champions of right and liberty; that representing the seventeen million members of the Amer- pression of the sympathy of the Amer- ican National Red Cross, they feel it. their duty to declare for them, as well as the members of the Junior Red Cross, their deep sense of the Nation's and the world's loss in the passing of this illus- trious American and leader of men. And it was, on further motion, Voted: That this action be made a part of the permanent records of the War Council, and that the same be trans- mitted to the widow and members of the family of the deceased, as the ex- ican Red Cross for them in their per- sonal grief. - ~ American soldiers in far away Arch- angel get the home gossip from “The American Sentinel,” a paper published for their entertainment by the American passed upon by the House Appropria- Among the floral tributes placed upon | the statue of “Lille” upon the occasion of the deliverance of that city from the Germans, was one of the American Red Cross. . . . . . ; and was -------->... --...-> * Extending Relief in the Balkans Announcement has been made through Col. Henry W. Anderson, head of the American Red Cross Commission for the Balkan States, of the organization of Red Cross commissions for Roumania and Montenegro. The Roumanian Com- mission will be headed by Dr. H. Gideon Wells, of Chicago, a member of the Commission for the Balkans, with the assimilated rank of lieutenant colonel. The Commission for Montenegro will be under the direction of Major E. G. Dexter, now in Paris. - An emergency appropriation of $1,- 000,000 has been made by the War Council to cover the cost of supplies for relief work in Roumania pending the re- ceipt of a detailed budget. An appro- priation of $300,000 has been made to cover the cost of relief supplies for Montenegro. - . . . Croix de Guerre Man Dies Suddenly A copy of the Paris edition of the Red Cross Bulletin, just received here, announces the death, after the signing of the armistice, of Lieut. Thomas R. Plummer, of New Bedford, Mass., in charge of the Cantine Franco-Ameri- caine No. 31. Lieut. Plummer died very suddenly at the Hospital of Raon 1’Etape, buried at Moyenmoutier (Vosges). - Lieut. Plummer was in the Embassy during the first years of the war. He volunteered for the Canteen Service in December last, having long since passed the age of military service, being nearly 57 at the time of his death. Though his time of service had ex- pired in July last, he wished to remain at his post and died from overwork in- duced by a kindly heart. On the day of his death, the Croix de Guerre was awarded him. The citation reads as follows: - . - “Medical Inspector Lapasset, Head of the Medical Service of the Seventh Army, cites at the Order of the Medical Service of Seventh Army: * “Plummer, Thomas, in charge of mo- bile Canteen No. 31. “American citizen, free from military obligations owing to his age, always near the lines, in a sector where climateric conditions are particularly rigorous, cre- ated and organized several comforting - posts on the most advanced spots of the sector, thus making always available for the troops in line the benefit of his val- uable canteen.” . . . . . . . . " - ºr gº. --, -, -, -, -º -, - ... - - ------ - - •- ~ * ~ *... ------, - -- THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN 5 SERVICE BADGES AND CERTIFICATES ARE CONFERRED Memorable Ceremony Marks End of One Red Cross Chapter, and Opening of Another Important One A memorable ceremony took place in Washington, Thursday, January 9, when certificates and badges of service were conferred on all members of the force at National Red Cross Headquar- ters qualified to receive them. More than 600 members of the staff received the certificates and badges, the qualifi- cations being at least six months of con- tinuous service. The badge for the women is a pendant, on the ribbon of which is to be attached a stripe for each additional six months’ service. The pin badge for men is the same for all lengths of service. - The general impressiveness of the ceremony was heightened by the thought, impressed on the entire force, that while concluding one chapter the Red Cross is opening another; and that the future of the Red Cross is going to be worthy of its immediate past. Eliot Wadsworth, Acting Chairman of the War Council, presided over the as- sembly, all the department and bureau heads being seated on the platform with him. Mr. Wadsworth made the fol- lowing address: - - “We are gathered here today to do honor to the veterans among the Red Cross workers at National Red Cross Headquarters. It is all one great happy family, but some have had the privilege of working for the “Greatest Mother” in the world since America entered the war, and others have only enjoyed that privilege for a shorter time. The length of service, however, makes no difference in our feeling and devotion to the cause of the American National Red Cross. GIRDLES THE EARTH “Here in Washington is the general Headquarters of a work which reaches around the world. From the smallest hamlet in America, from the smallest group of Americans gathered anywhere outside of America, has come a gener- ous outpouring of devotion, labor and money in the interests of humanity. As these gifts are gathered finally the great port warehouse in New York, they become a mighty stream flow- ing toward devastated Europe. With marvelously little interference from the dreaded submarine, this stream has crossed the Atlantic and there has been together tº through the Chapters, the Divisions and . directed where the need was the great- est. Again, through the willing hands of thousands of Red Cross workers, un- der the guidance of Commissions in every belligerent country, these gifts have reached their destination and brought joy and happiness to millions of human beings, soldiers and civilians alike. - “In all history there has never been a work of mercy carried on by an entire nation such as that which has been guided and developed under our beau- tiful white flag with its blood red cross. “It is an honor and a privilege to everyone of us to have taken part in such a work. As long as we live we will never forget the intense satisfaction and joy of having toiled here, early and late, in the building of this wonderful or- ganization. . ONE GREAT FAMILY “I firmly believe that as a result of the work which has been done by the American Red Cross, a new idea as to the duty of mankind has come into being and will never die. Those familiar words “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy- self” are truly exemplified in the spirit of the Red Cross. The way in which these words may be transformed into action has been pointed out to every man, woman and child who has helped in making the American Red Cross what it is. More than that, the helping hand and the friendly spirit which has reached millions of strangers through the minis- trations of the Red Cross has carried this message to them as it could be car- ried in no other way. The people of the world are truly the members of one great family more than they ever were before. President Wilson in speaking the other day before a great gathering in Rome said the following: “There is only one thing that holds nations together, if you exclude force, and that is friendship and good-will, The only thing that binds men to- gether is friendship, and by the same token the only thing that binds na- tions together is friendship. There- fore, our task at Paris is to organize the friendship of the world to see to it that all the moral forces that make for right and justice and liberty are united and are given a vital organiza- tion to which the peoples of the world will readily and gladly respond.” “Surely, if what we have done in the Red Cross during this war has served in the smallest way to bring about the end for which our President is striving, it will add one more satisfaction to those already in our record of accomplish- ments.” - - sº In presenting the badges and certifi- cates Mr. Wadsworth explained why a nominal price had been charged for the badges, instead of giving them outright 33rd Batria * - (Ulſt 3meritan Reb (Crogg in retognition of gerbite faithfully performed in behalf of the nation ant ter men at armg ¥º A.A.' AA-AA - Vice-CHAIRMAN, CEN ITTEE . to those entitled to wear them. The ex- planation was that some 500,000 Red Cross workers throughout the country are entitled to these marks of distinc- PRESIDENT CHAIRMAN of WAR Council FACSIMILE OF SERVICE CERTIFICATE (REDUCED) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN tion, and that if they were given with- out charge at National Headquarters the same course would have to be pursued at all chapter headquarters. This would mean an expenditure of several hundred thousand dollars of Red Cross money, and the War Council did not feel justi- fied in using the people's contributions for such purpose. At the conclusion of the service award ceremonies, Mrs. August Belmont, as- sistant to the War Council, made an inspirational address, and read the Red required. The scholarships are de- signed to assist many nurses who will be returning from abroad or released from cantonment service, who may not be in position to pay the expenses of preparation, but who will be glad to de- vote their time to fitting themselves for the public health work. The American Red Cross has prepared a questionaire for farmer-refugees to fa- cilitate their replacement in the restored territories. SNAP-S HOT OF AMERICAN DETACHMENT AT LIVERPOOL WHEN THE ORDER SENDING THE FIRST TROOPS BACK HOME WAS READ Cross oath of office, taken by those who don the uniform. “America” was sung, conferring of certificates, and the “Star Spangled Banner” brought the assembly to an end. following the Public Health Scholarships The Red Cross War Council has ap- propriated the sum of $30,000 for the purpose of creating a loan or scholar- ship fund for nurses who need instruc- tion in public health nursing, for the year ending December 31, 1919, these scholarships to be granted to enrolled Red Cross nurses on recommendation of the division directors of nursing and by the director of the Department of Nursing at National Red Cross Head- quarters. It is expected that public health nurs- ing work will undergo a great expansion in the near future, and in order that the Bureau of Public Health Nursing may have a sufficient personnel to fill the po- sitions it will be necessary to prepare large numbers of nurses for the duties Club in Paris for Officers Filling a need long-felt in Paris, the Casual Officers’ Rest Club, the gift of the American Red Cross to the United States Army, is now in operation, housed in a The club which will be kept open so long as large mansion at 4 Avenue Gabriel. there are many American officers in France, provides a comfortable home for officers on leave or passing through Paris, at a minimum cost. Sleeping accommodations are provided in the club for between fifty and sixty officers. Every day an old-fashioned American breakfast is served, and in all other respects the club house has been equipped and furnished with a view to providing an American atmosphere. The house itself, which is situated just off the Place de la Concorde, is flanked on three sides by beautiful trees and shrubbery. The first floor is given over to a large, cheerful sun room, with high French windows looking out upon the garden, a billiard room, smoking and recreation rooms, all furnished with comfortable arm chairs and other wicker furniture. Each of the sleeping rooms above are provided with individual stoves to insure ample heat, and some have private baths. Mrs. Edward Shearson, of New York, of the American Red Cross personnel in Paris, had charge of the establishing of the club, and is acting as hostess. * . . . . . “AMERICAN RED CROSS DOLLAR EXCHANGE” Soldiers turning foreign money into United States currency on Liverpool docks, before embarking for home - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN SUPPORT CIVILIAN RELIEF Need of Strengthening its Work is Pointed Out in Statement by General Manager The general manager of the American Red Cross has addressed a letter to the division managers, stating that civilian relief can function only with the whole- hearted support of the communities of the country, and suggesting that the chairmen of Red Cross Chapters be ad- vised of the obligation resting on the organization, and act to secure the best results. Regarding the greater burdens imposed on the Department of Civilian Relief since the war ended, the letter of the general manager says: “1. It is recognized by the War Coun- cil and the general management that, during the period of demobilization, Home Service has assumed a position if anything of greater importance than ever. The work of Home Service, as already outlined, has assumed an obli- gation which will only be liquidated when the Army is completely demobil- ized, and all the dislocations, which war has brought to soldiers’ and sailors’ families, have been met. The extent of the work of Home Service is increased rather than diminished with the sign- ing of the armistice. Questions of mo- rale on the part of soldiers and their families, with the pressing duty of war removed, and more rather than less diffi- cult of solution. Legal and business questions, held in abeyance by the Civil Rights Act and by the general good-will engendered while the actual conflict was on, bring a new series of problems. “2. The importance of keeping up gov- ernmental insurance, while no less im- portant, is no longer so obvious to the soldiers. A great new set of problems has arisen dealing with disabled soldiers, while the whole question of the re- employment of returning soldiers is be- fore the country. In this latter regard, the United States Employment Service has asked the American Red Cross to co- operate with it in finding employment for disabled soldiers and sailors. Not only does the obligation and the volume of work continue great, but it must be carried on by a country no longer stim- ulated by the menace of war, and its great unifying purposes. Such contrac- tions and retrenchments as may be de- sirable in some other directions are not applicable to the work of the Department of Civilian Relief during this period.” STAFF OF ARMY AND NAVY DEPT., A.R.C., IN FRONT OF GAMBETTA STATUE, PARIS Left to right—Capt. Charles Theriat, Major Francis Blake, Capt. Schuyler Parsons, Major John Pratt, Capt. H. B. Spellman, Major Frederick Osborne, Major E. G. Chadwick, Major J. A. B. Fosburgh, Capt. Dysart McMullen, Major Hugh Scott, Major Laurence Hitchcock, Capt. B. B. Burritt. Red Cross Ear of Corn Marshall County, Iowa, has gone over the top in every Red Cross drive, and now gives evidence of the spirit indige- GROWN IN IO WA nous to the soil through a Red Cross ear of corn grown on the farm of C. A. Miller, eight miles west of Marshall- town. This freak of nature is an ear of what is known as calico corn, most of the kernels being white mottled with spots of red. In the center of the ear, however, there are two rows of deep red kernels, containing twelve kernels each, while midway alongside of these rows are four deep red kernels, making a per- fect cross. By holding the ear of corn a few feet distant from the eye, the red cross stands out as prominently as though painted upon the white cap of a nurse’s uniform. - - - - The ear of corn has been presented to F. C. Letts, director of the Department of Supplies at American Red Cross Na- tional Headquarters. Junior Auxiliary in Russia Children and teachers in the public schools of Archangel, Russia, became an unofficial Junior Red Cross Auxiliary just before before Christmas. A cable received from a Red Cross representa- tive at Archangel tells how volunteers from the public schools helped fill 6,000 Christmas stockings for American sol- diers. This work was done in the Red Cross headquarters at Archangel, and was planned so that every American soldier stationed in northern Russia would receive a stocking before Christ- mas day. The distribution to outlying points was made by sled, Red Cross officers ac- companying the “Santa Claus sleighs” to some of the most distant places. 8 - - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - Work Ahead in Great Britain . A press cablegram from London, of recent date, says: “In spite of the armistice and the pros- pect of an early peace, the American Red Cross still sees plenty of work for it to do in England, irrespective of the new calls on its generosity that will come when the invaded districts of France, Belgium, and Serbia are opened up. “For some months there are likely to be troops returning from France to take the transports at Liverpool, and as long as they are passing through England it will be necessary to look after them. There are now canteens at the railroad stations at Liverpool, Leicester, Bir- mingham, Winchester, and Southamp- ton. “Southampton has already been evacu- ated by the American troops, as it is needed by the British for the bringing back of their own and Colonial troops from , and in consequence the -*.*º was to have been Sºtº: American Red Cross __there has been-abandoned. On the other – hand, Winehester may still for some time be an American camp, and the splendid big canteen now ur der construction there will be completed. “Of the hospitals several had already been taken over by the army authori- ties, although the Red Cross still pro- vided extra comforts. But the Sares- bury Court Hospital, six miles from Southampton, which has 3,000 beds and a splendid equipment, including its own herd of Jersey and Guernsey cattle, will have work to do for months, as it is ex- pected that a number of American sick and wounded cases will be brought there from France for treatment. It has hap- pened that the number of American hos- pitals in England has much exceeded the American demand, and so several, as the orthopaedic hospital, St. Katherine's Lodge, in Regent's Park, have had many beds occupied by British officers.” Provides Experts to Help Disabled An appropriation of $30,000 has been made by the Red Cross War Council as a donation to the Federal Board for Vocational Education. The understand- ing is that this money will be used for the employment of advisory experts, for which the board has no other fund avail- able. It is expected that a large number of the 190,000 diseased and disabled sol- diers in the hospitals in France will be transferred to this country during the months of January, February and March. The Board for Vocational Education in- tends to investigate, for training, about 50,000 of these men, and it will be neces- sary for numerous advisors to visit the hospitals and interview the crippled and disabled soldiers as to the course they are best suited to take. Real American Christmas in Russia A cablegram from American Red Cross headquarters at Archangel notes the return of the commissioner from a 150-mile trip by sled, having spent Christmas with the American soldiers at the most easterly front. Each sol- dier, on every front in that part of the world received a Christmas stocking and was given other attention by the Red A. R. C. HEAD QUARTERS, ARCHANGEL Cross on Christmas Day, as a token from the folks at home. The work was accomplished in the face of many diffi- culties, through the untiring, enthusias- tic efforts of every individual member of the unit. The members intrusted with the convoy to the Dvina and Vaga river fronts, traveled continuously day and night, on open sleds, for six days, and walked thirty miles through the snow in order to effect deliveries on Christmas Day. American Red Cross officers made per- sonal visits on Christmas Day to each American in the hospital at Archangel, providing all with extra comforts. Graves of American boys in France are being cared for by American girl work- ers with the American Red Cross. Overcrowded Conditions in Paris Recent cables from Paris picture very vividly the changes that have taken place since the signing of the armistice, and emphasize the necessity the American Red Cross Commission was under to cancel the enrollment of many women who had been entered for foreign ser- vice. Of the living conditions and disposi- tion of the personnel already on their way when the cancellation came, one cable says: “Lack of accommodation so great that many of our new women per- sonnel were compelled to sleep in hos- pital tents abandoned by army. Army officers of high rank sleeping on hotel floors, billiard tables, etc. Commanding General of Paris most solicitous we re- duce our personnel to lowest amount consistent to carrying on our work. You can appreciate embarrassing situation in having new personnel arrive for whom there is no urgent need.” To this communication, the Commis- sioner adds a message to the Bureaus of Personnel of the Red Cross, both headquarters and divisional, which will bring much satisfaction and pleasure to those who have been engaged in the work of enrollment as well as to friends of the workers: “Please express to all associates of the Bureaus of Personnel our sincere appreciation of their untiring efforts on our part. Type of personnel they have sent us has made it possible for American Red Cross to have a rec- ord of performance and conduct by their personnel, in discharge of their duties, which is something they may ever be proud of.” Latest Roll-Call Figures With reports from about twenty per cent of the chapters still incomplete, the Red Cross Christmas Roll-Call figures show as follows: Atlantic Division, 2,- 742,107; Central, 3,147,000; Gulf, 287,111; Lake, 1,870,610; Mountain, 299,003; New England, 1,524,640; Northern, 951,500; Northwestern, 700,000; Pacific, 788,785; Pennsylvania-Delaware, 1,235,000; Poto- mac, 417,030; Southern, 515,864; South- western, 1,635,819; Foreign and Insular, 33,253. These figures total 16,147,722. During the grippe epidemic in Paris, nine ambulances of the American Red Cross were placed at the disposal of the hospitals, for the transportation of ci- vilian patients. ed Cross Bullet in Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 20, 1919 No. 4 TOINSPECTHOME HOSPITALS Red Cross Committee Will Tour Country for Purpose of Improv- ing Service to Wounded For the purpose of improving, wher- ever possible, the service of the Red Cross in the forty-three general hospitals where wounded American fighting men are receiving care, and with the authori- zation and approval of Surgeon General Ireland of the Army, an official com- mittee from National Headquarters of the American Red Cross started last Tuesday on a tour of inspection which will cover every section of the country. nated for such use, are now being used as “debarkation hospitals.” One of the incidental concerns of the committee will be to facilitate the location of a wounded man on his arrival. A card index system is considered, whereby the moment a wounded soldier arrives his case will be recorded and the information imparted to the proper agencies. At present there is occasionally delay in locating a man, due in great part to some peculiar phase of his condition. Debarkation hospitals are in a measure distribution hospitals and the wounded man is sent as soon as practicable to the hospital nearest to his home, provided that hospital is prepared to handle his THE BIG JOB IN RUSSIA An Outline of the Activities that are Now in Operation There and Throughout Siberia American Red Cross relief work in northern Russia and in Siberia has as- sumed a new importanc since hostilities on the western front came to an end. Three distinct activities are embraced in the relief program that has been as- sumed—aid and comfort for the Ameri- can troops now on duty in Russian ter- ritory, hospital attention to the Czecho- Slovak soldiers, and general relief in behalf of the civilian population. AMERICAN RED CROSS CANTEEN WORKERS WHO GREETED PRESIDENT WILSON IN PARIS THE FLOWERS WERE PRESENTED TO MRS. WILSON - % º Photo by International Film Service, copyright The Committee is composed as fol- lows: Col. C. H. Connor, chairman, as- sistant director general of Military Re- lief, and chairman of the Medical Ad- visory Committee; Mrs. W. K. Draper, of New York, chairman of the Woman's Advisory Committee of the Red Cross; Mrs. Joseph Cudahy, of Chicago, mem- ber of the Woman’s Advisory Commit- tee; Lansing Harvey, associate Director of the Bureau of Camp Service. Debarkation hospitals, where wounded soldiers, marines and sailors are being received from over-seas, will first be visited. Owing to the influx of a larger number of wounded in December than was expected, thirteen hospitals, only about half of which were officially desig- type of case. All blinded men are sent to Baltimore, as there is but one hospital devoted to such cases. - The committee will visit Camp Mer- ritt, N. J., and will be occupied in the Atlantic seaboard territory for several weeks. Heads Paris Nursing Bureau Miss Carrie M. Hall, of Boston, for- merly chief nurse for the American Red Cross in Great Britain, has been ap- pointed director of the Bureau of Nurs- ing in Paris, succeeding Miss Ruth Mor- gan, who has returned to America. A Red Cross tea-shop has been opened in Pekin, China. Forces of American and Allied sol- diers were sent to north Russia several months ago, the chief purpose of the ex- pedition being to provide the nucleus of an army around which Russian sol- diers and civilians opposed to German domination could rally. Another con- sideration was the desire to head off the anarchy that was sweeping other parts of Russia. Late reports from Archangel indicate that the Allied forces have a good control of the situation, and that our troops and those of the Allies are greatly aided by the comforts which have been provided for them. In advance of the American and Allied occupation extensive preparations were made by the respective governments 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN concerned, and by the American Red - - - - Cross, to the end that the soldiers should lack nothing in the way of food, enter- tainment, medical attendance, suitable clothing and other comforts. Long be- fore the soldiers arrived there the Al- lied governments had completed ar- rangements for their reception, so that when they did arrive things were in readiness for every conceivable con- tingency. Directly in the wake of the troops, and supplementing the efforts of the Allied Governments in their behalf, followed the American Red Cross, with reserve stocks of food and supplies and the vari- ous comforts that fighting men have come to expect from this organization. Two shiploads of Red Cross supplies of all sorts reached Archangel late in Sep- tember, one vessel, the Ascutney, from America, carrying 4,600 tons of food, drugs, soap and miscellaneous articles, and another, a British transport, loaded in London, bearing a cargo of 200 addi- tional tons of supplies. In addition to providing this amount of reinforcement, the American Red Cross continued to transfer supplies from London to Archangel, allied war vessels keeping the harbor at that point open for the supply ships to enter. Now the building up of the reserve supply stocks has been discontinued, officers in charge of the expeditionary force having ex- pressed the opinion that every possible emergency has been provided for. The cargo carried by the Ascutney was valued at $1,025,038. A glance at the immense quantity and wide variety of food stuffs in this one cargo will | BOLSHEVIK PRISONERS ASSIGNED TO WORK FOR A. R. C., ARCHANGEL show that the American soldiers are not lacking in proper nourishment this win- ter. Here are some of the items: Sugar, 930,000 pounds; chocolate, 84,000 pounds; cocoa, 84,000 pounds; barley, 168,000 pounds; dehydrated eggs, 400,000 pounds; cornmeal, 110,000 pounds; Hard, 200,000 pounds; condensed milk, approximately 3,900,000 pounds; oatmeal, 117,000 pounds; rice, 254,000 pounds; dried vege- tables, 42,000 pounds. Additional food stuffs that were shipped from Great Britain included 20,000 pounds of dried fruits, 4,000 pounds of milk chocolate, 2,000 pounds of powdered milk, 2,000 pounds of sweetened choco- late for cooking, 200 cases of canned fruit and 500 pounds of cocoa. Besides all these food supplies the American Red Cross sent 2,000 blankets, AMERICAN RED CROSS 5,000 sweaters, 5,000 pairs of wristlets, 3,000 mufflers, 3,000 pairs of mittens and 5,000 helmets, not to speak of a plentiful supply of wash cloths, shaving parapha- nalia, soap, etc. Also the entertainment of the soldiers in the hours off duty was provided for, as witness the following list of articles sent to Archangel: Playing cards, ac- cordions, ukeleles, mandolins, jewsharps, phonographs, cameras, skates, snow- shoes, footballs, hockey outfits, indoor baseballs, moving picture outfits, box- ing gloves, games of all kinds, books, candy and wigs, grease-paints, etc., for amateur theatrical use. Included also were a large number of Bibles. At Christmas time the American Red Cross provided regular old-fashioned celebrations for all the soldiers. The civilian relief problems, which are most pressing in Russia, are being dealt with to the full limit of resources as the needs are ascertained. Special atten- tion has been given to the children, who have suffered greatly for lack of proper nourishment. In connection with this article pictures are presented, just re- ceived from the Red Cross headquarters at Archangel, which will help to give an idea of the work that is being under- taken. The sanitary conditions in Arch- angel are very bad, and much is being done to improve them and thereby mini- mize the menace of disease. The campaign which the American Red Cross has inaugurated to fight typhus in Siberia was explained briefly in last week's issue of The Bulletin. Other in- teresting activities in connection with civilian relief in Siberia are related in a report just received from the Red Cross T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 TYPICAL RUSSIAN PEASANTS Siberian Commission. One picturesque incident is that of the clothing of 150 children at First River Barracks one Sunday morning, an average of four pieces being issued to each child. All of the garments were made by women refugees. Samples of the garments needed in distributions of this nature have been sent to Japan, and it is hoped that soon local groups of Red Cross women all over that empire will be busy supplying the great need of civilians for this form of relief. The same report stated that a proposi- tion had come from Major General Knox, of the British Mission, that the Ameri- can Red Cross cooperate with the British Red Cross in the housing and care of formerly well-to-do families now reduced to extreme want. The reply to this prop- osition was that the American Red Cross gladly would cooperate with the British Red Cross, the details of the joint enter- prise to be worked out in conference. The relief inaugurated in behalf of refugees in Siberia is of varied charac- ter, and the relief work is receiving valu- able assistance from native women of social prestige. And at Second River, the report states, the wife of the barracks assistant who was for years the fore- woman of a New York sweat shop, in- troduced such efficiency that the thirty- eight sewing women there turned out 350 garments in two and one-half days. MORE NURSES TO PALESTINE Letter from Chief Nurse Shows Need of Greater Development of the Activities There Responsive to a request from the Red Cross Commission for Palestine, for ad- ditional personnel to enlarge the nursing activities in the Holy Land, the De- partment of Nursing hopes to send twenty nurses in the near future to sup- plement the fourteen already on duty there. As many nurses are expecting to be released from service in France, plans are already under way to send nurses desiring and qualifying for this service directly from that country to Palestine. Reports from Miss Edith Madeira, chief nurse of the Palestine Unit, show the broad field for nursing activities: “On June 24th,” Miss Madeira states, “we took over the Government Hospital here, of 65 beds, mostly for fever pa- tients. Disorder and filth were the prin- cipal difficulties, for every corner was packed full of rubbish with a thin layer of useful things that had to be sorted out, and everything seemed to be in the halls. In our work at Ramleh, one of the rooms which we needed for a dispen- sary was the lodging-place of a very contented donkey. As he was not a tidy creature, brooms were taken to remove him. “Our next venture was to take over the tent-hospital at Wadi-Surar, where the refugees, driven from their homes near the firing-line, and the Armenians, were concentrated. There were about 3,500 there when we first saw it, all liv- ing in bell-tents, sleeping, even the sick, on the ground as is their custom. Our first impression of the place was of sand and more sand, tents and more tents, and above a wonderful view of the hills. “In July a Unit was sent to Ramleh to work in that neighborhood. They pitched their tents in an old olive grove back of an ancient ruin called the Cru- saders’ Tower. A small hospital had al- ready been started here—in reality simply a roof with a number of rooms around the outer edge, which are used for pa- tients, nurses, operating-rooms, kitchen, laundry and store-rooms, a most unique arrangement. The people used to bring their sick to the doors, or to the dis- pensaries, and lay them there. One man dying of tuberculosis was found lying on the threshold in extreme exhaustion. When questioned, he said that he had walked four miles, that he had heard of a great healer there, but it was then too late for the Red Cross to do any- thing for him. “We have had some thrilling experi- ences at Tiberias with cholera work. While we were there, the heat was in- tense—680 feet below sea level and a sirocco blowing.” WHICH AMERICAN RED CROSS IS CONTENDING STREET SCENE IN ARCHANGEL, SHOWING UNSANITARY CONDITIONS WITH 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN . THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY 13Y THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION | ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WOODROW WILSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor StocKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. JESSE H. Jon Es GEORGE E. SCOTT GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio. WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADsworth WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 20, 1919 The Growing Demands A recent cablegram from the Red Cross Commission for France indicates that the relief work abroad is increasing materiallly instead of contracting. That such is the case there is abundant evi- dence in the news cablegrams relating to the initial activities of the Supreme Council of Supply and Relief, composed of representatives of the United States and the Allied Governments; the appeal of President Wilson for a large congres- sional appropriation to meet the food sit- uation in stricken countries, and the re- quests which army and governmental authorities are making for the assistance of organized relief agencies in meeting pressing emergencies. # $: ; In urging an appropriation of $100,- 000,000 for food supplies to be distributed in countries outside of Germany—the House of Representatives already having passed a bill carrying that amount—the President has stated an important feature of the situation aside from the pure humanitarianism involved. He declares that food relief is now the key to the whole European situation and the solu- tion of peace; that bolshevism can be stopped by food, and that all in confer- ence with him are convinced that con- certed action in the matter is of imme- diate and vital importance. - It is not only the conditions—political and social—in Germany that worry the statesmen who are grappling with the problems of world peace, but the insidi- ous influences destructive of social order which may spread to other countries where want and famine threaten. The food question is plainly paramount—so stupendous that only governments can deal with it in full; but it seems probable that out of stores at ready command existing voluntary agencies may be called upon to supply relief within certain limits pending the formalities necessary to put governmental machinery in operation. ::: ::: :: Poland, a country for which America has wanted to do much, but which it has been impossible to reach, now presents an opening for the establishment of re- lief activities, and so will greatly enlarge the field of humanitarian work. As pre- viously announced the American Red Cross has formulated plans for sending a special commission into Poland, and the Commission for Europe is making other arrangements for the extension of aid to a people whose aspirations strike such a sympathetic chord in the Ameri- can heart, and whose patriots of another generation are held in grateful remem- brance in connection with our own Struggle for independence. Beyond Poland are Russia and Siberia, which are constantly becoming more im- portant fields of the post-bellum Red Cross work. Every day adds to the in- terest in these vast territories, both from the standpoint of the humanitarian and that of the world leadership which real- izes how important is the relation be- tween permanent peace and the physical well-being of the peoples composing the different nations. Incidentally, the Rus- sian prisoner situation in Germany now is a matter of special American Red Cross attention, at the solicitation of army authorities. - - :: *k :: While the governments are engrossed with the food phase of the problem, the serious matter of supplying clothing for tens of thousands of refugees in France. Belgium, and other countries makes a distinctive appeal to the regular relief agencies. The demand for refugee gar- ments is becoming greater and greater, and the Red Cross representatives in Europe will find urgent use for all that they can be supplied with during the rest of the winter months. No real picture of the situation as a whole is possible outside the limits of a many-paged volume. Food, clothing, med- ical supplies, personal attention, heart-to- heart interest—these are the things es- sential to a work which has only begun to reach the understanding since the echoes of gunfire have died away. Nurse’s Devotion Wins Jewels A handsome platinum ring, set with diamonds, and a lavalliere of the period of Louis Philippe, in which is set a rare rose diamond, are the gifts by which the Fortieth Engineers, Camouflage Section, have expressed their gratitude to Mary Elizabeth Mather, a New York City nurse, for the care she gave their stricken comrades during the influenza epidemic. The service she performed was in addi- tion to the already heavy burden she was carrying in attending to over a hun- dred children of refugees at Dijon, France. - . When the epidemic got well under way, the base hospital at Dijon became badly overcrowded, and Miss Mather not only offered to turn over a portion of her nursery to the soldier victims, but also volunteered to nurse them. The American Red Cross furnished her with all sorts of supplies, and through Miss Mather the men received many delica- cies that were otherwise unobtainable. Night after night the nurse sat up with the soldiers who were near death, and those who survived declared their re- covery was due in large measure to her ministrations. Miss Mather is a graduate of the Paterson, N. J., High School and the Paterson General Hospital. She was as- signed by the Red Cross to establish the nursery at Dijon last May, and has been in charge ever since. - - The American Red Cross in Lyon re- cently placed flowers on the graves of “repatrie” children who had died since - their return to France. The American Red Cross has estab- lished a workroom in the rue de France for the manufacture of clothing. T H E R E D C R O S S BULL ET IN Gift of Rare Painting A rare old painting, the portrait of San Lorenzo Giustinian, the first patri- arch and famous benefactor of Venice, has been presented to the American Red Cross in token of the gratitude of Venice for the work of the American Red Cross in Italy. The picture is attributed to Gentile Bellini. It is in the pure style of the period, somewhat sombre and severe, and full of dignity. The portrait is an excellent work of art, worthy of admi- ration for the great pictorial value as well as for its subject and associations. The donor is Sebastiana Candrian, a well-known Venetian antiquarian. His picture was deposited during the war in the care of the Municipality, and was consigned to the American Red Cross delegate at Venice by Count Grimani, Mayor of Venice. It is now on exhibi- tion in the ante-room of the Red Cross office in Venice, and will be transported to America, where it will be hung in whatever place the national organization may decide to place it. The desire of the giver is that this portrait of another earlier benefactor of Venice may remain in America as an ex- pression of the gratitude of Italy for what America has done for her. Remembered Village of Son’s Grave Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, through the medium of the American Red Cross, arranged in the last days of his life to give substantial expression of his grati- tude to the people of the little village in France near which his son Quentin is buried. One of his last acts was a re- quest to the Red Cross to donate the $6,900 share of the Nobel Peace Prize money received from him, to the French village whose residents have kept Quen- tin's grave decorated with flowers and sent many tender communications to the family. When the Red Cross suggested to Colonel Roosevelt that he designate the way in which his contribution should be expended he immediately requested that it be disposed of in this way. Colonel Roosevelt left the decision of the exact form his gift should take to the Red Cross. The wishes of the villagers in this respect are now being consulted by officials of the Red Cross Commission for France. THE AMERICAN RED CROSS IN THE FOREIGN NEWS Versatility of Relief Activities Shown from Newspapers Train for Wounded Prisoners “A fully equipped sanitary train, be- longing to the American Red Cross, has been organized for scheduled runs be- tween Geneva, Switzerland, to Rastatt, in the province of Baden, one of the large German prison camps, to bring back the injured wounded,” says the Feuille d’Avis. “The train is made up of sixteen car- riages, including a diner and an operating room for the treatment of cases en route, An officer, six non-commissioned offi- cers and forty enlisted men, all of whom have seen service with the Sanitary Corps in France, accompany the train as personnel. “There are accommodations for 480 ‘stretcher” cases.” Gift to Heroic Mother - “The American Red Cross has made a gift to the mother of a valiant French soldier,” says the Havre Eclair. “Dur- ing an attack upon an important enemy position, Henri Auguste Leclerc, Chas- seur de reserve, carried his wounded offi- cer back to a place of safety, under heavy fire from German machine guns. He quickly returned to his place in the line. “For his gallant and prompt action, which saved the officer’s life, the fear- less soldier was awarded the coveted ‘croix de guerre,” with the palm. “The American Red Cross sent its check for 500 francs ($100) to the sol- dier's aged mother who lives at San- douville.” Blind Friend of Blind Honored Sir Arthur Pearson, the blind pub- lisher of Great Britain, was the princi- pal guests at a dinner given in Wash- ington January 16, by Lieut. Col. James Bordley, M.C., U.S.A., director of the Red Cross Institute for the Blind. Sir Arthur is the founder and active head of St. Dunstan’s Hostel for blind soldiers, probably the foremost in- stitute of its kind in the world. He has come to the United States at the special invitation of the Red Cross In- stitute for the Blind, which expects to have him as its guest for at least two months, in order to have his assistance in laying a foundation for future work in this country. in Human Interest Briefs Clipped “Over There.” The Never-Shut Door “The first welcoming hand out- stretched to the starved and weary French prisoner as he crosses the fron- tiers, and once more sets foot in the homeland, is the American Red Cross, which has established a series of can- teens for his rejuvenation at Guise, Laon, Sainte-Menehould, Sedan and Vouziers,” states a writer in d’Eveil. “At the mo- ment, more than 33,000 men are being sheltered in these canteens. “The canteen at Sedan, under the leadership of the Duchesse de Vendome, is making special effort in behalf of the ex-prisoners of war. The duchess made a personal appeal to the Red Cross and has since warmly thanked the organiza- tion for its timely and practical aids.” Musketeers of Mercy “In the middle of last August, three young American Red Cross workers started out from Venice with a motor- kitchen to carry food to the Italian sol- diers in the trenches,” according to the Paris edition of the New York Herald. “When the Italian offensive began, they secured a camion, provisioned it, and, taking it in tow, made their way across the Piave into the beleagued city of Trieste—a white flag sandwiched be- tween Old Glory and the standard of Italy! Before the Austrians evacuated the city, the Red Cross men were feed- ing the starving prisoners who wel- comed them with shouts of joy. * * * “A perilous experiment in practical philanthropy, indeed!” 6 T H E R E D C Ross B U L LET IN NORTHERN PACIFIC RELIEF Another Record of Efficiency Estab- lished in Connection. With Stranded Steamship A report made to National Red Cross Headquarters on the activity of the Can- teen and Motor Corps Service, in con- nection with the stranding of the steam- ship Northern Pacific, adds a chapter to the story of efficiency with which the Red Cross now is able to meet emer- gencies. The emergency canteen on duty at Hoboken, awaiting the arrival of the troopship, made plans to go to Bay Shore on the Army Medical Department's special train, as soon as the news of the accident was received. A large stock of food supplies was quickly assembled. Meanwhile, ambulance trucks and motor cars were dispatched to Bay Shore, and were waiting there when the workers arrived. Before the actual relief work was set in motion the canteen folk gave great assistance in helping to mess the army people ordered to the scene. The Knights of Columbus house at Bay Shore was thrown open to the Red Cross workers, and in appreciation of the ser- vices rendered to the Red Cross per- sonnel a donation was made to the local organization of the Knights of Columbus. Service was rendered by the Motor Corps in conveying Army officers back to New York on urgent errands, and later the cars were kept busy transporting the ship-wrecked soldiers who were brought ashore at the Boatmen’s Association Pier. When the Army officers left for Fire Island, the canteen workers went along, and all were on hand before any of the men were taken off the ship. In the meantime, canteen supplies were brought to the beach from Babylon, and by the time the first transfers were made two shore fires were burning and hot coffee and sandwiches were in readiness. Shortly afterward some of the shore PEACE IN FRANCE–WAITING FOR THE RETURN OF FATHERS AND BROTHERS AT MONTIGNY SHELTER FOR BABIES, LA PANNE, BELGIUM Fifty babies from the danger. Zone, cared for in the creche supported by the A. R. C., slept in this sandbag retreat when the Germans shelled the city - - - cottages were opened up for rest and hospital purposes. A little later a stock of food supplies, consisting of canned soups, coffee, milk, sugar, etc., were gotten over to Fire Island, and these were followed by a consignment of oil stoves, lanterns, elec- tric flash lights and clothing. During the first afternoon about 200 soldiers were transferred from the ship to the naval air station at Bay Shore, and the needs of these, including warm garments, were supplied by the Red Cross. Later the same evening the surgeon at the naval air station telephoned a request for a large supply of towels, soap, hot water bags and quantities of medical sup- plies, which were immediately furnished by truck. Large quantities of underwear, shirts, hats, shoes, socks, etc., also were supplied to meet still later needs. Back at the piers in Hoboken, when the destroyers began to arrive with the rescued soldiers, the canteens were ready and remained in constant operation. Women of the Canteen Service re- mained on duty until two o'clock in the morning. “The entire service of the canteens and Motor Corps,” the report stated in con- clusion, “has been most gratifying.” American Red Cross workers formed an important part of the “receiving line” that awaited President Wilson when he arrived in Paris. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 RED CROSS NURSES IN ITALY Letter Written During the War Tells of Important Work Expected in Time of Peace Red Cross nursing activities in Italy during the war have been very exten- sive and varied. Teaching centers where Italian women and girls are given in- struction in home nursing and care of infants, have been established. A Red Cross hospital for the care of American personnel in Italy has been opened. An Italian Tuberculosis Unit, among which are thirteen Red Cross public health nurses, with Miss Mary S. Gardner as chief nurse, has been in Italy since Sep- tember, 1918. Recent communications from the Italian rep- also have electric lights and an abun- dance of cold water. There is no lack of recreation either, for along with Y. M. C. A. movies and the regimental bands of the troops nearby, Fritzie rarely for- gets us. It is very thrilling to be awak- ened in the middle of the night, and to have to run for your life down the slip- pery marble stairs in the dark. On the way, I invariably wonder which would be the worse—to be blown up, or to die of a broken neck. “Here in Italy, as everywhere, the hard- est work of the Red Cross will come with peace. If we are allowed to help, the work along public health lines will be tremendous, as the need here is ap- palling. resentative of the Department of Nurs- ing state that the government has sug- gested to the Red Cross that a na- tional organization of nurses be estab- lished. They are also asking for ad- vice in the organiza- tion of tra in in g schools in Italian hospitals. The following ex- tract from a letter of a nurse serving with Base Hospital No. 102, a Red Cross Unit, in which were 1 00 Red Cross nurses, attached to the army, shows what the nature of the military service in Italy was: “Quartered in an old palace where Sir Walter Scott would have loved to put his heroines, we are the nearest nurses to the front. From my tiny upper window, I have a fine observation post. Airplanes fly low over my head, and I look across the snow-covered mountains where the smoke of battle used to hang like a cloud, and the thunder of the guns still seems to ring in my ears. “Although we are so near the front, we have many of the comforts both of the ancients and the moderns. The tomb of Romeo and Juliet is within easy walk- ing distance, and we have moonlight nights that Shakespeare used to love to describe, but which are very much out of favor with the Italian aviators. We OFFICER PRAISES SERVICE Pioneer Infantry Lieutenant Writes of Observation of the Red Cross Work at Important Centers The following is quoted from a letter received by Miss Mabel T. Boardman, member of the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross, from Lieuten- ant E. C. Irion, of the First Pioneer In- fantry, dated December 18, 1918: “Passing through about eight large centers on my way to a place near Cob- lenz, the wonderful work being accom- plished by the Red Cross in feeding, housing and caring for the vast number of casual officers and men continually passing through these centers, makes me wish that those in AMERICAN RED CROSS NURSES MARCHING WITH ITALIAN ARMY America who so loy- ally worked and subscribed to the Red Cross fund could see the mag- nificent result of their efforts in ac- tual operation. “Of all the places that I have visited, the most difficult | Red Cross Station was at Toul, which was the casual cen- ter of the 3rd Army. Here your organi- zation, under your very able directrice, Miss Andress, and her corps of capable assistants, deserve the highest commen- Succeeds Dr. MacCracken Dr. Henry Noble MacCracken, who organized the Bureau of Junior Mem- bership of the American Red Cross, and acted as its national director since its inception in September, 1917, has re- signed in order to devote his full time to Vassar College. The War Council accepted his resignation with “deep ap- preciation for the great and lasting ser- vice which he has rendered the American Red Cross during the war.” John Ward Studebaker has been ap- pointed by the general manager to suc- ceeded Dr. MacCracken as Director of the Bureau of Junior Membership. Mr. Studebaker came from Des Moines, where he was assistant superintendent of schools, last April, to help formulate the Junior educational program. dation. Thousands of officers and men are here daily, hotel accommodations can not be had; and the Red Cross, with the large hotel that it has taken over near the station and its officers’ rest club, has nobly come to the rescue. Too much can not be said in commendation for the work accom- plished in this difficult situation, and those of us over here who know what has been done, appreciate it highly.” The American Red Cross has con- tributed to a fund for the relief of des- titute British prisoners returning from Germany. The American Red Cross is arrang- ing for the re-education of the mained Belgian soldiers. - 8 - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN -**bie-to-find - when their in nee elp they - - - -- - - REPORT ON WORK DONE DURING THE WAR BY CARE COMMITTEE OF THE A. R. C. IN ENGLAND At the general meeting of the Care Committee of the American Red Cross which was held recently in London, be- ing attended by representatives of all the twenty branches of the Committee throughout the British Isles, Mrs. Rob- ert Peet Skinner, the chairman, made a report showing the great scope of the work performed. Mrs. Skinner stated that nearly a million American soldiers proceeded from Southampton to France in the course of the time that the United States was engaged in the war. Major Foster Rockwell attended the meeting as the representative of the American Red Cross Commission for Great Britain. “When the boys tell their story at home,” said Major Rockwell, them a great deal of comfort and at- tention. “After our work among the Canadians had been proceeding regularly for some time, and our visitors had acquired ex- perience in the proper method of con- ducting this work, our own army arrived on its way to France. Later, thousands of our own men, brigaded with English and French troops, came back wounded to this country. It is impossible to give complete figures as to the number of wounded Americans dealt with in the United Kingdom, but the importance of the number may be appreciated from the fact that up to the first of December, 913,259 American soldiers had proceeded camps in this country. At one time there were about ninety of these in Eng- land. Through our own traveling rep- resentative visited and inspected thirty-nine such camps, requisitioned hospital supplies for thirty-one, and pro- vided emergency hospitals where they were needed. Subsequently this par- ticular work was taken over by the Red Cross Commission, whose captains were located in the camps themselves. “It may have seemed at times to our visitors, who were interested in cases under their immediate observation, that it was difficult to obtain certain supplies, or, perhaps, that they were not given out with sufficient freedom. But it must be remembered that up to a few weeks ago we had to comtemplate the possibility of a long, protracted war, with the cer- tainty that such things as woolens, We “t he he arts of mothers, sisters, wives and sweet- hearts will rejoice ith a joy unspeak- that boys found American women at hand ready to give it.” Mrs. Skinner’s re- port was in part as follows: “It is a little diffi- cult for me to realize that the Care Com- mittee, whose first real labors were limited to visiting one hundred and eighty Americans in the Canadian forces about two years ago, should have become the large Red Cross organization it is to- day. We began on a very small scale, but, fortunately, with a comprehensive plan, and thus, thanks to the unceasing energy and enthusiasm of our members, we have been able to deal with the thou- sands of cases which since last year have had our attention. “After forming our central organiza- tion in London we set about to form branch organizations in other parts of the United Kingdom, and at the present time we have twenty such committees doing splendid work. Much credit is due to these ladies in every section, who have established centers where American convalescent soldiers may congregate, and have done their utmost to give to PARIS-GENERAL HEAD QUARTERS STAFF, A.R.C., AT FOO T OF GA MBETTA STATUE tobacco and other staple supplies would be exceedingly diffi- cult to obtain in the primary markets, and their transportation across the Atlantic even more difficult. “No doubt many things might have been better done, but, at all events, every member of the committee and the Commission has been animated by the one thought of assisting our men as far as possible. The women to France from Southampton, each man having sojourned a certain length of time in this country before sailing. “Our first actual contact with the sol- diers of the American army was at Chis- ledon. We found 150 men there lack- ing in clothing and money. The British Commanding Officer applied to us for assistance, and the necessary relief was distributed with excellent results. “Our sub-committee on entertainment has been invaluable, having provided amusement and hospitality for great numbers of convalescent soldiers. Large tea parties in private houses, still larger tea parties at the Savoy and other ho- tels, drives about the city, visits to theaters and concert halls, and other forms of entertainment have been adopted. “We next took up the matter of air in the Comforts and at Administrative Headquarters have worked unceasingly, performing laborious duties, much of it mere drudgery in itself, as, for example, preparing and sending out 80,416 Com- forts articles, and it has been very much more difficult for the ladies of our Com- forts Department, I can assure you, to withhold supplies than to grant every- thing which our visitors desired. After all, the actual visiting of the sick and wounded has had a certain immediate compensation, while those who carried on their duties at headquarters were only rewarded by the conviction that they were doing a useful work to the best of their ability. “A particularly helpful branch of our work has been the Customs Department, where we have received and despatched 8,101 parcels of dutiable goods.” Department 5. 75 A The Red cross Bulletin Vol. III WORK IN FRANCE KEEPSUP Directed Along New Lines, But with no Diminution in Volume, as Result of Armistice The volume of relief which the Amer- ican Red Cross is extending to the French people at the present time equals the average of the past year, according to recent cablegrams from Paris. There has been no sudden withdrawal or loss of interest in the needs of the population which has undergone such trials in the war period and is of military operations are being utilized to the full. Among the new American Red Cross undertakings in France are permanent hospitals which have been opened at Paris and Etienne, a large ammunition center. While the management of vari- civilian activities is being relin- quished, the cables state, these activities are being turned over to French authori- ties, with means for their continuance. Emphasis is laid on the great need at present, not of personnel, but of supplies and transportation. Ous still staggered by its burdens. Warehouses have been established in the devastated re- g i on s — at Lille, Amiens, zieres, Laon, Me- Chalon and Verdun—and these being stocked e 11 O r in O u S are with quantities of clothes, household utensils, tools and supple- food, for distribution, through authorized French mentary societies, to the re- turning inhabitants. While Red Cross delegates have been withdrawn from the central and southern parts of France, all supplies in those sections have been left for the carrying on of refugee relief, and arrangements have been made for the turning over to local authorities of all unpaid installments on supplies sold to refugees, as a revolving relief fund. The decrease of work necessary for the troops, as a result of the ending of hos- tilities, has enabled the Red Cross to di- vert large quantities of supplies as well as personnel, including nurses, to meet the needs of relief in the devastated Furthermore, the fact that the Cross now is | areas. Rej working largely through the medium of French agencies also diminishes the need for new per- sonnel at the present time. Men, women and transportation released by the ending WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY 27, 1919 PROGRAM OF RECREATION Joint Plans of surgeon General’s Of. fice and the Red Cross to Aid Work of Reconstruction A cooperative plan for the improve- ment of the spirit and morale of the wounded and sick in the forty reconstruc- tion hospitals in operation in the United States, has been entered into by the office of the surgeon general of the Army and the American Red Cross. The plan con- templates diversion and training, and also the application of entertains the boys from Walter Reed Hospital The plans for the establishment of the warehouses in these devastated regions were worked out through correspond- ence between Harvey D. Gibson, Ameri- can Red Cross Commissioner for Eu- rope, and M. Tardieu, the former French High Commissioner to the United States. The general understanding between the Red Cross and the French authorities is of the most cordial character. An exhibit of the work of the “mutiles de la guerre” was recently held in Paris, under the patronage of The American Red Cross, “L’Aide Immeriate” and the “Federation Nationale des Mutiles.” A PARTY OF THE A. R. C. WOMAN'S CLUB, WASHINGTON Every two weeks the club, composed of members of the Red Cross National Headquarters Staff cheering influences with respect to the personnel caring for the hospital patients. The general direc- tion of this under- taking has been given to Dr. Elbert K. Fretwell, head of the Department of Recreational Leader- ship, Teachers’ Col- lege, Columbia Uni- versity, who has started on a tour of the reconstruction hospitals along the | Atlantic He and his assistants will visit all hospitals seaboard. where physical re- construction is be- in g carried on, and, with the ap- proval of command- ing officers, will standardize as much as possible the recre- ational program. He will travel under orders of the surgeon general’s office and also as Director of Recreation un- der the Bureau of Camp Service, De- partment of Military Relief, of the Red Cross. The surgeon general has directed com- manding officers to expedite the work by all means possible. The Red Cross will be primarily responsible for social recreation, furnishing equipment and trained personnel for that purpose, while the surgeon general's office will look primarily to physical education, and con- sider both as the case demands. In certain particulars the general pro- 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN gram has been in operation, in many of the reconstruction hospitals, first of the sick or wounded fighting men arrived from overseas. But the need of intensifying and energizing the work with a view to promoting the objective thinking in the minds of the rapidly shifting hospital population (fifteen thousand wounded are returning week- ly, and 190,000 eventually must be cared for here) is more than apparent. Following are the phases of the recre- ational program for which the American Red Cross is responsible under the new arrangement: The maintenance, in houses, through the American Library Association, of a library of technical since the convalescent works, approved fiction, current maga- zines, periodicals and newspapers (home- town papers when practicable); organiz- ing of story-telling hours; training in amateur theatricals; providing leader- ship for the development of bands and orchestras, and supplying instruments and music; the development of singing, individually and in groups; furnishing a supply of writing materials; maintain- ing an equipment of indoor games, such as cards, checkers, chess, dominoes, crokinole, etc.; furnishing player-pianos and phonographs, with rolls and rec- ords, stereoscopes and educational photographs; presenting entertainments and concerts at regular intervals; or- ganizing and supervising social func- tions such as dances, receptions, etc.; supplying fruits, smoking materials and approved refreshments, and supervising “winter evening” recreations, such as popping corn and roasting apples and marshmallows. In wards where the sick and wounded are bedridden all of these entertainment features will be provided in modified form, or to the extent feasible and ad- visable. For out-door recreation, the Red Cross provides tools, seeds, etc., for the planting of flower gardens, window boxes of plants, vines or trellises, about convalescent houses. It also makes pos- sible automobile rides and carries the convalescents to and from entertain- ments. For the able-bodied personnel the Red Cross provides reading and writing fa- cilities, games, entertainments, debates and lectures, and arranges social func- tions. As a supplemental service, it ar- ranges, at the request of the individual patients, for personal religious services and ministrations. The Department of Education of the Division of Physical Reconstruction of the surgeon general’s office has general supervision of all recreational activities, and directly, or through its recreational officer, 1t works out, in cooperation with the Field Director of the Red Cross, the daily schedule. With the medical offi- cers it specifies the games and sports suited to individuals or groups of men. It enlists the men in the activities and supervises the leadership and playing of such games as baseball, indoor base- ball, basket-ball, hand-ball, wrestling, soccer, croquet, golf; directs horseback riding, bowling on the green, camping, canoeing, rowing, rifle-shoot- tennis, ing, pistol practice, quoits, rope-whip- ping, first aid and bandaging, signalling, tree and flower identification, route sketching, or elementary map making, fire making and building, shuttle races, shinney, and special games for one- armed and one-legged men. In cooperation with the Department of Physiotherapy, the Department of Education looks to physical train- ing to secure the therapeutic ends de- sired for individuals and groups. The chief of the Educational Service, in co- operation with other departments, pro- vides for the editing and publication of the hospital paper, and trains the staff devoted to recreational work. Dr. Fretwell will seek to specialize or localize programs as much as pos- sible, following in general the plan above outlined. The idea to be kept in mind all the time is that of morale. SIGN PUT UP BY BELGIANS ON GROUNDS OF HOSPITAL AT LEYSELE, TO COMMEMORATE WORK OF A. R. C. T H E R ED C. R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 COMMON SENSE IN HEALTH Program Adopted by Bureau of Jun- ior Membership to be Installed in Schools of Land “‘This is the first class in English spelling and philosophy, Nickleby,” said Squeers, beckoning Nicholas to stand be- side him. “Now, then, where's the first boy?" ‘Please, sir, he's cleaning the back par- lor window,” said the temporary head of the philosophical class. ‘So he is, to be sure, rejoined Squeers. ‘We go upon the practical method of teaching, Nickleby; the regular educa- tion system. C-1-e-a-n, clean, verb ac- tive, to make bright, to scour. W-i-n, win, d-e-r, der, winder, a casement. When the boy knows this out of book, he goes and does it. Where's the second boy?" ‘Please, sir, he's weeding the garden,” - replied a small voice. “To be sure, said Squeers, by no means disconcerted. ‘So he is. B-o-t, bot, t-i-n, tin, n-e-y, ney, bottiney, noun substan- tive, a knowledge of plants. When he has learned that bottiney means a knowl- edge of plants, he goes and knows 'em. That's our system, Nickleby.’” The Junior Red Cross has adopted a “regular education system” which out- Squeers Squeers. In the health program entitled “Common Sense in Health,” which the Bureau of Junior Member- ship has published for use in the schools beginning in February, “going and do- ing it” is the chief feature. In this case, however, the beneficial results accrue to the pupil instead of to the school teacher. The Modern Health Crusade, insti- tuted by the National Tuberculosis As- sociation, is a system in which by the faithful performance of such daily health chores as washing the face, neck and ears, and brushing the teeth, pupils ac- quire rank and insignia of Page, Squire, Knight and, after 15 weeks of earnest crusading Knight Banneret of the Mod- ern Health Crusaders. The schools of the Junior Red Cross, and all others who are interested, are asked to install this scheme, and to participate in tourna- ments of Health Knighthood, beginning February 9, and continuing for 15 weeks. State and county tournaments will be staged, and a grand national tournament with national awards for the winning class. February 9, the day set for the beginning of the tournaments, has also most appropriately been designated by Surgeon General Blue as Health Sunday, RED CROSS CLUB FOR AMERICAN OFFICERS, PARIS when ministers of the country are asked to stress the necessity of fighting disease in this country. Another feature of the Junior Red Cross health program is the work on community sanitation. Here again, ac- tive work is the rule, in exterminating flies, mosquitoes, rats, and other pests; and in inspection of sanitary conditions in markets, dairies, bakeries, water works and other concerns in which the con- sumer should be vitally interested. One of the great lessons taught by the war is the necessity for building up a nation of strong, healthy, physically fit men and women. It is with this pur- pose in view that the Junior Red Cross wishes through its health program to instill into the future citizens habits and standards of personal and community health. At Chateau Thierry Instead of the gray-green legions that not so long ago poured into Chateau Thierry, there is a different army fast occupying the famous little French town. The American Red Cross, that practical institution, is shipping ducks, chickens and rabbits into the “shell shocked” city that is fast returning to normal life. Barn yards, whose population had been evacuated along with other refugees, are once more lively. Cheerful and signifi- cant “cackles” greet the French house- wife and chanticleer once more summons the rosy dawn. 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class. mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooD Row WILSON . . . . . . . . . & President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT WADSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. Davison, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. JESSE H. Jon Es GEORGE E. SCOTT GEORGE. B. CASE Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAF't ELIOT WADSworth washington, D. C., JANUARY 27, 1919 Reeducation of the Blind The wonderful work which Sir Arthur Pearson has inaugurated in England, the story of which is briefly but graph- . ically told on another page, will attract added attention in the United States by reason of the visit the distinguished philanthropist is now paying to this coun- try. The American Red Cross Institute for the Blind, at Baltimore, undoubtedly will profit greatly both through the prac- tical things it will learn from personal contact with the head of St. Dunstan's, and the deeper concern over the blinded American heroes of the war that will be aroused among our own people. Due to the fiendish innovations brought into operation in the recent world war, the casualties involving blindness are proportionately greater than in the case of all previous conflicts. It is a cause of great thankfulness, therefore, that ways of retraining have been discovered which reduce to the minimum the handicaps suffered by those who have lost the greatest of the God-given senses. The magic of Aladdin’s lamp was no more wonderful than the actual accomplish- ments now being wrought through the magic of modern science and humani- tarianism, in behalf of those who other- wise might be permanent objects of charity. The new philanthropy turns affliction towards independence and away from charity. The lessons of other days are finding practical application in connec- tion with the most terrible suffering ever imposed on civilized peoples. No one can read the story of Sir Arthur Pearson and his work without a thrill that will intensify interest in one par- ticular line of reconstruction effort— that will, indeed, whet the interest in all reconstruction endeavor. The ambitious plans which the Medical Department of the Army proposes to carry out in this matter will be more than fulfilled if the public attention is properly directed. And the right steps are being taken to that end. Same Work: New Channels Doubtless more or less surprise will be caused by the advices from France, to the effect that the American Red Cross relief there at present is up to the average of the past year. A belief has been cultivated that, with the ending of hostilities, there had come a curtailment of effort in that field, and especially less attention than before was to be given to the civilian population of France. . Frobably the sudden cutting off of per- sonnel sailings for France has been re- sponsible in large part for the impres- sion that the work there was to be on restricted lines. And ordinarily a nat- ural question, following a knowledge that the work of relief is continuing in the same average of volume, would be: “If the work is as great why is the con- tinued flow of personnel not wanted?” This question would be suggested par- ticularly to those who were disappointed in their plans for assisting the Red Cross OVer-Sea S. - The great embarrassment of any influx of new personnel, under the living condi- tions that developed, especially in Paris, immediately after the signing of the armi- stice, has been fully set forth heretofore. Now comes the further reason for the lesser need of new workers, in the ex- planation of the change of character which the relief work is undergoing. Workers are being diverted from the military to other relief fields, and others are being released for whatever new activities are put in operation by the turning over of the active management of various works to French agencies, the Red Cross continuing its aid in the form of supplies, etc. . . * —- The situation is very simple. It also is interesting as showing that the inter- est in extending relief is not likely to be diminished. Recreation as a Restorative A very important part of the after- war activities of the Red Cross, so far as the military relief branch is con- cerned, embraces the care of the former fighting men who are recovering from wounds and illness contracted in the country's service. In the United States this work is constantly looming larger, with the increasing influx of casualties from over-seas, and the filling of the home reconstruction hospitals. r Primarily, the reconstruction of those suffering physically and mentally on ac- count of sacrifices made in the great cause, is a function of the government, and no effort is being spared to carry through the work to the limit of scien- tific possibility. There is a psychologi- cal side to the matter, and in that con- nection it has been proved that one of the main aids in the restoration of the seriously injured, to places of useful- ress and happiness in the world, lies in the furnishing of healthful recreation for the men while still in the hospitals. The Red Cross has facilities for ex- tending especially valuable aid in the recreation field, and by a happy arrange- ment of cooperation just completed it will supplement the work of the Medi- cal Department of the Army in the gen- eral reconstruction program. The ser- vice in prospect promises to be replete with thrilling interest for those engaged in it, and for the public as well. Succeeds Miss Stimson Miss Carrie M. Hall, formerly chief nurse for the American Red Cross in Great Britain, succeeds Miss Julia Stim- son, who was chief nurse for the Red Cross in France prior to her appoint- ment to like rank with the American Ex- peditionary Forces. Through error it was stated in The Bulletin last week that Miss Hall succeeds Miss Ruth Morgan. The American Red Cross decorated the graves of 1,000 American dead at Surenes, France, on December 28, 1918. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 “AFFLICTION MAY ONE DAY SMILE AGAIN.” By CONSTANCE WINIFRED STUMPE. He is a man of attractive mien, mid- dle-aged and gray, with clean cut fea- tures and an expression of utmost kind- And he has done his part in the war as few men have, for in founding St. Dunstan’s Hospital for Men Blinded in Battle, Sir Arthur Pearson has brought “light to the lives of hundreds of sol- diers who have given their eyes for En- gland.” Sir Arthur is proud of his school, as he may well be, and prouder still of its happy pupils who are learning to make four senses do the work of five, and still finding life good. St. Dunstan's was opened in 1915, in the London residence of Otto H. Kahn of New York. It is the only institution of its kind maintained by private initia- liness. tive and voluntary contributions. Its student body numbers 400; 600 have al- ready been launched anew in life, well satisfied with the training and encourage- ment they have received, and well able to meet life and make their own way— not as “blind men,” but as “normal men who have lost their sight.” Maudlin sentiment and pity have no place at St. Dunstan's. The men are taught self- reliance from the first and not permitted for a moment to consider themselves afflicted. Handicapped, afflicted, never! The pupils are taught to read by the perfected Braille system, and it has been observed that the average blind student acquires the rudiments of Braille as eas- ily as a child learns his alphabet, after which progress is rapid. Finger tips are soon trained to take the place of eyes, and the fairy world of books is not long closed to the sightless. In the opera- tion of the typewriter, the blind pupils are very proficient and many have al- ready taken their places in the business world as trained secretaries, after hav- ing mastered Braille shorthand. Some of these are occupying the positions they held before the war; others have risen to places far superior to those which they previously filled. Upon leaving the in- stitution, each man is given a typewriter, the writing medium of the blind, whose handwriting quickly deteriorates. Sir Arthur relates an anecdote, show- ing the rapidity with which the blind soldier learns new things: Passing through the hall one evening, Sir Arthur, who himself has been blind perhaps, but for five years, heard the rapid click of a typewriter. “Who goes there?” questioned Sir Ar- thur. “Crocker, sir—writing a letter to my mother l’” “Ah, Crocker, how are you getting along?” said Sir Arthur, knowing that the pupil had been at St. Dunstan’s but six weeks and had been a miner before the war. “Fine, sir!” “Did you know anything about a type- writer, before the war, Crocker?” “No, sir—I’d never even seen one!” SIR ARTHUR PEARSON This is typical of the progress made at St. Dunstan's. Most of the instruc- tors are blind and there are almost as many as there are pupils, assuring indi- vidual attention to each one. There is also opportunity to learn basket making, shoe mending, net weaving, broom mak- ing and similar occupations at which the blind are particularly apt, altho' in so far as possible each man is replaced in his old profession. Fowl breeding is another special fea- ture of St. Dunstan's. Holding a wig- gling buff-cochin or Wyandotte in his hands, the blind man can readily tell its breed, weight and size. Many pupils have been successful in this field. Carpentry has also been successfully tried out. It seems nothing short of miraculous to see sightless men using the plane, saw and hammer and turning out attractive little tables, cabinets, shelves, bookstands, etc. And there is the garden. On moonlit summer nights, whose spell and beauty the blind feel, perhaps more deeply than we who have eyes, the students gather about in groups. They are fond of sing- ing. One among them is gifted with a remarkable tenor voice, which gives great promise. And there are guitars, and mandolins and ukeleles whose strings throb with gay soldier songs and song of home and love. There are two blind men with a guitar in a rowboat on the lake. No gondoliers of Venice sing more sweetly. There are two more engaging in a tug-o’-war, in a moonlit circle on the lawn, cheered on by their com- panions. So life at St. Dunstan's is pleasant. The days are filled with work cheerfully done. The blinded soldier comes back to his own and soon retrieves his lost spirit, and in a measure, his lost “sight,” for he discovers that he does not see with his eyes but with his brain, and tho’ de- prived of the proper God-given medium of sight, soon learns to convey the “mes- sage of the light” to his brain through other channels. - Is it surprising that Sir Arthur takes such pride in his pupils? He is giving men back to life and usefulness, showing them the “unknown guest” within whose power no amount of material misfortune can dwarf. St. Dunstan's will go down in history as one of the great institu- tions of the war, one that has revolu- ized the teaching of the blind and made of them merely normal individuals who are doing without their eyes and doing well! Influenza Funds for Alaska An appropriation of $25,000 has been voted by the War Council to meet the situation growing out of the influenza epidemic in Alaska. An appeal to the Red Cross to give this assistance came from Governor Riggs, of Alaska, who stated that the matter of relief had been taken up with the government, but that there was great need for immediate funds, pending action by Congress. A New Year's Eve musical festival was held at the Theatre Champs-Ely- sees, Paris. Many Red Cross workers were numbered in the choir that gave the oratorio: “The Seven Last Words of Christ.” T || E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN From Letters of Released Prisoners First letters home written by released American prisoners as they arrived in Switzerland, copies of which have been received in Washington, show general appreciation of the care taken of them by the American Red Cross during their in Germany, and following Excerpts from some of captivity their liberation. the letters follow: “Have been released and am on my way hoping to be in the States soon. Don't worry, for I am well. Never felt better in my life and have so much to tell you all when I get home. And who has saved my life? I guess you know: the Red Cross, of course.” “We just got out of Germany this morning. Had a swell dinner in Basel, Switzerland, with the Red Cross. A per- son can not praise the Red Cross enough for it is just great.” “I was released as a prisoner in Ger- many this morning, and went to Basel, Switzerland, where we all had a fine din- ner by the Red Cross. Us boys can not thank the Red Cross enough to please us for the great things they have done for us.” “I am writing you this postal on a Swiss train en route to France, only a few hours released from a prison camp. The Red Cross have treated the boys royally, no better could be expected. The Red Cross girls are a blessing to all the people and especially to us.” “I am released as prisoner and hop- ing to reach home soon. Hoping you are all in good health, and not worrying pounds. about me, as the Red Cross is looking after all the prisoners, I am, as ever.” “I am well and feeling fine on my way through Switzerland. There is thing I want to say and that is, God bless the Red Cross.” “Just a line to let you know that I am a free man again. We were met by the Red Cross here in Switzerland and they sure showed us a hearty welcome and One a big meal. I am feeling fine for what we went through, but we owe it all to the Red Cross.” “You wouldn’t know me now. Thanks to the Red Cross, I weigh about 200 Weekly parcels saved us.” Mr. Crossett Succeeds Mr. Blaine James G. Blaine, Jr., grandson of the American statesman, has retired as di- rector of the Department of Develop- ment of the American Red Cross to become a vice-president of the Liberty National Bank of New York. Edward C. Crossett, associate director of the Department of Development, has been appointed director by the War Council. Mr. Blaine came to the Red Cross in June, 1917, as an associate director of the Department of Development, and a year later was appointed director of that department, succeeding Samuel M. Greer, of Baltimore, who, in June, 1918, be- BOLSHEVIK PRISONERS AT ARCHANGEL . HOSPITAL IN A FORMER RUSSIAN CHAPEL came assistant general manager of the Red Cross. stant study to and personally directed Mr. Blaine has given con- much of the important development work incident to the great growth of the Red Cross in the last nineteen months. The new director of the Department of Development is the executive head of the Crossett Lumber Company, with headquarters in Davenport, Iowa. He was appointed an associate director of the department and director of the Bu- reau of Chapter Production, in October, 1917. The American Red Cross has pro- vided 250,000 articles of clothing for re- turning Italian prisoners. The women knitters of America have made more than 10,000,000 garments for the troops in France. T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN 7 INFLUENZA CLAIMED MANY NURSES List of Those Enrolled Under Red Cross Who Died in Service Reports received by the Department of Nursing of the American Red Cross give the names of 204 enrolled Red Cross nurses and three Red Cross dietitians who have died of influenza, contracted in the performance of their duty. Many of these sacrificed their lives in minister- ing to those who had been stricken by the same disease during the epidemic last fall. The list which follows is classified to show respectively those who succumbed in the military service overseas, the naval Service, military service in hospitals in the United States, in the United States Public Health Service, and in Civilian Service, during the fall of 1918. - NURSEs who DIED IN FOREIGN SERVICE. Bartlett, Frances, Andover, Maine. Blodgett, Marie, Blodgett, Oregon. Christman, Caroline, Providence, R. I. Cairns, Mary Kay, Norwich, N.Y Cox, Charlotte A., Gormania, W. Va. Dingley, Nellie M., Ashland, Wis. Emmons, Eva, Decatur, Ohio. Forrest, Eileen L., Buffalo Co., Wis. Hoffman, Catherine, Queen City, Mo. Joyce, Catharine, Pittsburgh, Pa. Lundholm, Ruth V., Petalunia, Calif. Lundholm, Viola, Petalunia, Calif. Moeschen, Frances W., New York City. Hardy, Sabra R., Golden Valley, N. D. Orgren, Clara M., Mt. Ranier, Md. Ragan, Mabel A., Detroit, Mich. Raithel, Hattie, Denver, Colo. Royer, Norene, Winchester, Idaho. Seymour, Louise, Middlesex, Mass. Symmes, Kathleen E., Quebec, Canada. Thompson, Alice M., Bellview, Pa. Volland, Magdalene, Buffalo, N. Y. Weimann, Eliz. H., Hadden Hgts., N. J. Worth, Margaret W., Cresskill, N. J. NURSES WHO DIED IN THE MA- - RINE SERVICE. Dahlby, Anna Marie, St. Paul, Minn. Good, Victoria R., Clifton Forge, Va. Hidell, Marie L., Philadelphia, Pa. Hovland, Oline, St. Paul, Minn. Martin, Constance, Pawtucket, R. I. Mercer, Jane R., Rockland, Mass. Metcalf, Mildred, Rockville, Conn. Murphy, Lillian M., St. Catherines, Can. O’Connor, Marguerite, Belvidere, Ill. Peck, Garnet O., Circleville, Ohio. Peoples, Mary, Alberton, Washington. Place, Edna E., Philadelphia, Pa. Rockwell, Vera M., Grand Rapids, Mich. Trimble, Marie E., Providence, R.I. Turner, Marion Pearl, Seabright, Calif. NURSES WHO DIED IN THE MILI- TARY SERVICE IN THE U. S. A. Allen, Phoebe, Pueblo, Colo. - Baird, Laura A., Gainesville, Fla. Bishop, Amy L., Viroqua, Wis. Bradley, Laura Belle, Cedar Rapids, Ia. Brandon, Hazel, Concord, Calif. Buman, Rose E., Harlan, Iowa. Burk, Ethel Marion, Oakland, Calif. Byrne, Louise E., Ardonia, New York. Cattles, Edith June, Lead, S. Dakota. Chandler, Florence, Dunlap, Kans, Christenson, Mabel C., Carpio, N. Dak. Collins, Theresa V., Scranton, Pa. Connelly, Katherine R., Canandaigua, N.Y. Coover, Etta, Colby, Kansas. Cummings, Mary H., Pane, Minn. Cupo, Lillian F., Trout Run, Pa. Davis, Cora Belle, Manatee Co., Fla. Davis, Elsie M., Blue Island, Ill. Donovan, Frances, Bar Harbor, Maine. Eastman, Lizzie F., Mattaporsett, Mass. Erickson, Alma M., Jarosa, Colo. Erickson, Fannie M., Whitehall, Mich. Falkinburg, Grace M., Concord, N. H. Farney, Ruth B., Spearville, Kansas. Ficken, Magdalene, Hempstead, L. I. Fischer, Catherine M., Wilkesbarre, Pa Franklin, Emma M., Glendale, Calif., Girvin, Hester Marie, Nepouset, Ill. Gorman, Beatrice, Hudson, N. Y. Grimes, Margaret, McDonald, Pa. Hankinson, F. G., Grand Rapids, Mich. Hanley, Edna, Oakland, Calif. Hays, Mrs. Hattie B., Louisville, Ky. Healy, Mary, New York City. Hurley, Nell, San Pedro, Calif. Jennings, L. Eunice, New Richmond, O. Kemper, Anna E., Akron, Pa. - Klinefelter, Ina E., Diamond, Mo. Knapp, Estelle, Bradford, Pa. Kuhlman, Margaret, Toledo, Ohio. Kirketerp, Daisy, New Rochelle, N. Y. Larsen, Anna E., Escanaba, Mich. Leach, Ethel O., Elgin, Ill. - LeClaire, Florence, Lafayette, Ind. Linn, Lois, Springfield, Ohio. Towe, Grace Mabel, Swedesboro, N. J. McDowell, Jessie R., Buffalo, N. Y. McGrath, Laura O., Willoughby, Ohio. MicGuire, Catherine J., N. London, Conn. McIntosh, Jennie, Greenfield, Canada. McNerney, Elizabeth M., DuBois, Pa. Metcalf, Élizabeth, Duryea, Pa. Miller, Cecilia E., Montreal, Canada. Minick, Mary E., Chambersburg, Pa. Moakley, Helen A., Morton, Hazel E., Phoenix, Arizona. Moss, Marie A., Govanstown, Md. Murney, Mary C., Stamford, Conn. Murphy, Anna M., Germantown, Pa. Noring, Ella M., West Liberty, Iowa. Norton, Mary, Jersey City, N. J. O’Connor, Mary E., Watertown, Mass. Parr, Irene M., Royal Oak, Mich. Parry, Aurora, Columbus, Ohio. Perkins, Ettie M., Morganton, N. C. Poole, Frances, Evanston, Ill. Price, Cornelia, Baltimore, Md. Quigley, Pauline A., Cedar Rapids, Ia, Rodgers, Theresa E., Cupertino, Calif. Russ, Freda, Newman, Calif. Sage, Helen C., Chicago Heights, Ill. Sargent, Helen M., Lincoln, Neb. Scheirer, Mary J., Pine Grove, Pa. Schreiber, Orma, Varaboo, Wis. Schureman, Olive, Washington, D. C. Seavey, Ruth, Dixon, Ill. Seiler, Barbara L., Council Bluffs, Iowa. Simon, Vera Scott, Delta, Colo. Templin, Naomi, Redfield, S. Dak. Thomas, Mary, Varaboo, Wis. Travis, Goldie N., Bay City, Mich. Turner, Phyllis M., Carbondale, Pa. Walch, Carolina Rose, Norman, Okla. Ward, Lillian, Westminster, Vt. Wellman, Maybelle, Redlands, Calif. Wells, Matilda F., Trenton, N. J. Wiggins, Daisy E., London, Canada. Wright, Mayme L., Gaylord, Mich. Young, Alice M., Wheeling, W. Va. - Young, Florence M., Redgway, Pa. New Haven, Conn. NURSES WHO DIED IN THE U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. Barrington, Rachel, N. Andover, Mass. Cochran, Cecil, Batavia, N. Y. Saygers, Eula, Napoleon, Ohio. NURSES WHO DIED IN CIVILIAN SERVICE IN THE U. S. Atwell, Florence, Greensboro, N. C. Baenen, Charlotte H., Green Bay, Wis. Breen, Margaret R., New York City. Carnes, Mary E., Morral, Ohio. Carter, Mae, Scranton, Pa. Clarke, Mary, Binghamton, N. Y. Cornelison, Inez Mae, Hague, N. Dak. Corse, Louise M., Denver, Colo. Cox, Stella Marie, W. Philadelphia, Pa. Crawford, Ruth M., Springfield, Mass. Crayton, Edna Winifred, Tulare, Calif. Cunningham, Hannah M., Troy, N. Y. Dearman, Lily L., Statesville, N. C. DeCuir, Angela C., Alexandria, La. Dietz, Ruth Anne, Schoharie, N. Y. Downs, Mayrne T., Xenia, Ohio. Driscoll, Kathryn T., Holyoke, Mass. Dunbar, Ramona, Balden, Mass. Duttenhofer, Mrs. A. E. G., Phila, Pa. England, Margaret, U. S. S. S. St. Louis Finley, Virginia Mae, Lockwood, Mo. Fisher, Ada E., Pawnee City, Neb. Glascock, Mary W., Lovettsville, Va. Goblet, Mae V., Bayonne, N. J. Gormley, Mary C., Connecticut. Guest, Mabel P., Freeport, N. Y. Hakes, Mrs. Edith R., Homer, N. Y. Hannaford, Ruby A., Wrights, Calif. Heinig, Alma, Mantowoc, Wis - Higgins, Lora, Manistee, Mich. Horgan, Margaret E., Fairfax, Va. Houghton, Helen C., San Francisco, Cal. Hughes, Anna M., Carbondale, Pa. Yacobson, Mayme A., Upham, N. Dak. Yordalen, Minnie, Stoughton, Wis. jowers, Alberta M., Manilla, Ala. Kelly, Sibby, Union, S. C. - - Lafferty, Louise V., Lawrenceburg, Ind. Lamb, Mary julene, Eureka, Kansas. Langdon, Lillian M., Edgewood, Md. Lautz, Flecia E., Greensboro, Pa. Lathrope, Nellie, Tampa, Fla. J_iening, Anna E., Denver, Colo. Loehr, Katherine, San Bernardino, Cal. McCusker, Mary A., Flushing, N. Y. McElwain, Eva Belle, Burston, Kans. McNicholas, Catherine M., Joseph, Ore. Martin, Marie Louise, Pawtucket, R. I. Millar, Unice, Cleveland, Ohio. Morgan, Anna, Glen Falls, N. Y. Morton, Margaret M., Adams, Mass. Nelson, Lucie, Peabody, Mass. Nihill, Annie C., Springfield, Mass. Nivin, Marie Louise, Toledo, Ohio. O’Harra, Cecilia, Mangum, Okla. Ostergren, Alice, St. Paul, Minn. Packingham, Mary E., Granville, Ill. Page, Lucy B., Raleigh, N. C. Piddock, Jane L., Pierrepont Manor, N.Y. Post, Frances G. (Mrs.), A. E. F. - Quain, Agnes, Rockaway, L. I. Robinsori, Violet E, Houlton, Me. Rohde, Lena, Los Angeles, Cal. Schoedell, Mary E., Pittsburgh, Pa. Spencer, Rovena B., Eagle Grove, Iowa. Spring, Helen B., Northampton, Mass. Stacey, Ethel Newman, Bellows Falls, Vt. Stokes, Sadie E., Corry, Pa. - Swartz, Lauretta, New Brunswick, N. J. Weinrich, May, Chester, Ill. Whaley, Abigail M., Charleston, S. C. Williams, Charlotte, Kewanee, Ill. RED CRoss DIETITIANS WHO DIED IN THE SERVICE. Fury, J. Irene, Bloomsburg, Pa. - Norcross, Olive W., Worcester, Mass. Wind, Hortense E., Council Bluffs, Ia, T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Mr. Hiss Heads Military Relief William J. Hiss, of New York, has been appointed director general of the Department of Military Relief of the American Red Cross, to succeed Jesse H. Jones, who resigned from that posi- tion following his appointment by Presi- dent Wilson as a member of the Red Cross War Council. Mr. Hiss is an elec- trical engineer, a graduate of Le- high Univ. He entered the Red Cross service, Oc- tober 1, 1918, as a full time volunteer, re- signing his posi- tion as general manager of the Southwestern Bel1 Company to devote him- He had been with Harris-Ewing Telephone self to the work. the Bell system in various important capacities for twenty-three years. Mr. Hiss served as assistant director gen- eral of the Department of Military Re- lief until his appointment to his pres- ent position. Red Cross Magazine Subscriptions The number of Red Cross Magazine subscriptions secured during the Christ- mas Roll-Call is far short of the re- quired number needed to keep the Mag- azine effective as an educational force MEMBERS OF FRIENDS UNIT REPAIRING BA RN DAMAGED BY SHELL FIRE AT CHATEAU THIERRY for maintaining and developing public interest in the Red Cross, and also as a financial asset to the organization. It is, therefore, necessary for Chapters to take prompt steps to build up the circu- lation of the Red Cross Magazine to the total number of magazine subscriptions received from each Chapter during the past year. The magazine plans for the coming year include some of the most interest- ing phases of rehabilitation and recon- struction work. Such well-known writers as Ida Tarbell, William Allen White and others will be among the contributors. The Red Cross Magazine asks the sup- port and endorsement of every member of the organization. All present sub- scribers are asked to renew their maga- subscriptions and $1.00 Annual Members are urged to pay $1.00 addi- tional and secure the magazine. zine Red Cross work-shops have produced 192,748,107 surgical dressings. ON THE EDGE OF THE “HINDENBURG LINE" Red Cross Warehouse in the Argonne, erected and operated during the thick of the battle THE BLUE TAG A Story of Love, War and Brotherly Affection By CHARLOTTE H. CRAWFORD. The story came to me from a Red Cross searcher, who got it from one of the glorious “fifty thousand,”—a young American Lafayette who volunteered back in 1914. The boy had gone through the first gas attack at Ypres and was one of the few who came alive from that murderous yellow cloud. I give the story as it was repeated to me: “I have seen the Yser when you could cross it dryshod on bodies. I have seen such deeds of heroism in action as make any story of old-time prowess seem tame. But there's one thing that I saw, not in action, that chokes me up every time I think of it. “There were two British lads in the regiment next to us, two brothers. They were both fine fellows, but the older one was just about the finest chap I ever knew. They had both loved the same girl back home, it seems, and there had been a pretty hot rivalry between them. Well, just before they were sent out, she decided for the younger one. The other one took it standing, like a man, of course. But any one could tell he was desper- ately hard hit. We always knew from the way he fought when his brother had had a letter. “They both got hit in the same action. There was a system then (and maybe now, for all I know) of tagging the men for Blighty with a blue tag, let's say. (I think it was blue, but it doesn’t mat- ter.) Of course, only the most serious cases were sent across the channel, only the men who were thought too bad to pull through without the very best of care. It was the older brother who got the Blighty. His brother, who lay next him at the Casualty Clearing Station, was tagged to go to some hospital in France. During the night, while his brother slept, the older one changed the tags. The younger one went home and married the girl during his convales- cence. The older one died before they could rectify the mistake.” + V 5 nº * The Red Cross Bulletin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 3, 1919 No. 6 PARIS PERMANENT CENTER American Red Cross Activities for All Europe Henceforth to be Directed from There In conformity with plans for the car- rying out of Red Cross post-war activi- ties abroad, the office of Commissioner for Europe has been created and the Commission for Europe, a body estab- lished in November last to consider and advise the War Council in respect to all policies affecting the American Red Cross in all European countries, and to perform various other functions, has been abolished. Robert E. Olds, one of the pioneers of the Commission for personnel and supplies will come through the office of the Commissioner for Europe, and be handled by a special bureau the Department of Requirements. One reason for establishing this system is that there will be a great amount of material available for general European use in the reserve stocks built up in France prior to the signing of the armi- stice. The South American Spirit The British Red Cross Chapter in the Argentine raised $23,000 for the British Red Cross “Our Day” fund through a raffle of household goods. Goods to the value of $10,000 were donated, enabling COMMISSIONS FOR BALKANS Commission for Europe Announces Plans for Carrying Red Cross Re- lief into Fields of Distress. (By Cablegram.) Paris, February 1. Information collected by the American Red Cross Commission for Europe indi- cates that greater distress probably pre- vails in the Balkans than any other ac- cessible part of war-swept Europe, ex- cept Poland. Provision for feeding and clothing the populations of these coun- tries must and will be made by various Governments, either individually or col- lectively, it is authoritatively announced. In order to meet for France, has been appointed Commis- sioner for Europe, with the assimilated rank of lieutenant colonel. Harvey D. Gibson, former head of the commission for France, and re- cently chairman of the Commission for Europe, will remain with the organiza- tion abroad for some time to come in an advisory capacity, and assist in perfect- ing the plans for dealing with new re- lief conditions that have developed. Colonel Olds is regarded as the ablest man obtainable to direct the American Red Cross work on its lines of future opera- tion in Europe. He has had experience in France under Major Murphy, Major Perkins and Colonal Gibson and is thor- oughly acquainted with all details of the relief work which has centered there dur- ing the war. Permanent headquarters are to be maintained in Paris, and the work for the whole of Europe and the Balkans hereafter will be directed from that capital. - Heretofore the various commissions of the Red Cross to countries in Europe have reported directly to the Washing- ton headquarters of the Red Cross, and have drawn on Washington for personnel and supplies. In future all requisitions PRESIDENT WILSON WITH AMERICAN EX-PRISONERS IN LONDON The former captives in German camps were taken to Buckingham Palace by the American the immediate needs of those most sorely afflicted, an Ameri- can Red Cross op- erating commission of large dimensions has just been or- ganized and dis- patched. The action taken follows a con- ference in Paris be- tween Chairman H. P. Davison, of the American Red Cross | War Council, and the American Red Cross Commission, is headed by Lieu- t e n a n t Colonel | Henry W. Ander- the committee to offer 200 prizes. % ed Cross D] D] IN THIS ISSUE .* .2% SPEEDING RELIEF TO BALKANS .2% º READY FOR WORK IN POLAND 2% ºt “FROM THE RED CROSS WATCH TOWER” .2% º WITH THE RED CROSS IN SIBERIA .2% .2% RELIEF SITUATION IN RUSSIA .2% º JUGO-SLAW AND CZECHO-SLOVAK (A bit of History and Geography) son, of Richmond, Virginia, who will have headquarters at Rome, where communication with the Balkan states is less difficult than from any other point. It had been planned sometime ago that Colonel Anderson should supervise American Red Cross work in the Balkans, but the program now developed is much more compre- hensive than heretofore contemplated. Colonel Anderson left in Paris Major William E. Thompson to dispatch fur- ther supplies and personnel. Under Colonel Anderson a large force of Amer- ican Red Cross workers has been re- cruited from the staffs working during the hostilities in France and Italy. This force is now proceeding as separate groups to the various Balkan countries. (Concluded on page 10.) 2 T H E R E D C R O S S BULLET IN RELIEF PLANS FOR POLAND Fully Equipped Red Cross Commis- sion to Start Work Made Neces- sary by Appalling Conditions Plans have been completed within the last week for the extension on a broad scale of American Red Cross relief to Poland a commission having been or- ganized in Paris to take up the work at the earliest possible moment. The commission will proceed via Copenha- gen and Danzig unless some other route be found more expeditious. The situation in Poland is critical. Full information regarding the condi- tions of distress existing there has just come to light. Its authenticity is thor- oughly established and its character is appalling. Prices of articles of absolute every-day necessity are so high as to make them beyond the reach of the nor- mally well-to-do. Food is scarce, cloth- ing has degenerated to rags. . Disease stalks broadcast. The children are in pitiable plight. In general, misery is complete. HEADS OF COMMISSION - The American Red Cross Commission will be headed by Dr. Walter C. Bailey, of Boston, and Major Franciszek E. Fronczak, health commissioner of Buf- falo, N. Y., and representative in Paris of all Poles in America through the Po- lish National Committee in Europe. Ma- jor Fronczak will be detailed by the United States Army to the Red Cross especially for this mission. Boris Bogen and Mortimer Schiff, representing the Joint Distribution Committee for Relief of Jewish Sufferers, have been in con- ference with the American Red Cross in Paris, and Mr. Bogen has volunteered to accompany the Commission to Poland with a view to consolidating the special work of the Jewish Committee with that of the American Red Cross. All relief work of the American Red Cross will be on behalf of the entire population of Poland without discrimination. In ad- dition to those already mentioned, the Commission’s personnel will include at least twelve Polish-American nurses, three American nurses, one or two gen- eral medical doctors, one or two dentists, and business, transportation and hospital administration managers. - Through Waclaw Janasz, representing the Polish National Relief Committee, the American Red Cross has received the first report on the disposition of $200,000, contributed by the American Red Cross, in 1917, for condensed milk and food for children, showing that through that appropriation most impor- tant relief was given to about ten thou- Sand Polish children under ten years of age. Some idea of present conditions in Po- land may be gathered from reports al- ready submitted, showing that at Lodz there were, in 1913, 18,034 births and 12,061 deaths, whereas in 1917 there were 2,400 births and 8,000 deaths, the reduc- tion in deaths being due to the reduction of population. In the entire area of Warsaw and surrounding districts there were, in 1917, a total of 18,737 births and 34,434 deaths. Figures for 1918 are esti- mated to have been very much worse. The report of the Polish Committee says in part: “On account of thoughtless requisi- tions, made first by Russia, Germany and Austria, and later by occupying military ... | authorities, the total number of cattle || | and hogs was diminished in Poland by more than one-half, and in view of this, there is a great lack of milk, butter and | dren, demand, however, that they be sup- plied with clothes, a demand with which it is almost impossible to comply.” bacon. Lack of fats does not permit the manufacture of soap. There is also an absolute lack of olive oil and other fatty products. Rice and nutritive starches . . have been completely exhausted for the past three years. Poor cultivation of the fields; lack of artificial fertilizers, of do- mestic animals and also of necessary ag- ricultural implements, has reduced by more than one-half the productiveness of the soil of Poland, which country, even before the war, was forced to im- port grain. . SERIES OF EPIDEMICs “From the very beginning of the war it was impossible to import drugs and medicines, on account of the exhaustion of the stocks of drugs in Germany, and because of the requisitioning of remain- ing medicinal and surgical appliances in Poland all curative and preventive action has stopped. Since the beginning of the war there has been a series of epidemics in Poland, either due to local conditions or brought about by military invasion. There were, especially, outbreaks of cholera, typhus, small-pox, trachoma, skin disease, etc., which have absorbed a great amount of medicinal products. “On account of the removal of a great amount of machinery for the production of linen and cloths from Polish factories by the Central Powers, such as has taken place in Lodz, Pabianice, Zyrardow, . Czestochowa, Bialystok and other places, and also on account of the requisitioning of all raw materials and stock which was in the possession of warehouse owners and storekeepers, and finally, on account of the complete lack of leather for the past two years, there is in Poland a com- plete absence of underwear, clothing and footwear. “In Warsaw the price of thread has risen to $2.50 a bobbin, so it is impossi- ble for poor people to mend their gar- ments, which thus fall to pieces. The want of clothes is especially painful, for children who have no warm clothes catch cold and can not go to school, and the impossibility of having clean clothes gives rise to cutaneous diseases. Every- day orphans or children without any adult protection are brought to asylums in rags and barefooted. They must be clad from top to toe, have clean linens and bed clothes. As there is a great and ever-increasing want of food in Warsaw, thousands of the poor children are sent to the country to be better fed. Poor persons, who give shelter to these chil- RED cross FUNCTION Owing to the magnitude of the task, the American Red Cross can not under- take to feed Poland. The general prob- lem of revitaillement is being worked out by the Allied governments. . The Red Cross, however, can occupy an ex- ceedingly important field of general re- lief lying outside the proposed govern- ment activities. It will attempt to sup- ply supplementary diet for children, for the sick, and for the relief of cases of actual starvation. Canned milk will con- stitute the largest item on this program. The opportunity for medical service, nursing, etc., is practically unlimited. The American Red Cross Commission will carry drugs and medical supplies, as well as such clothing, blankets and shoes as can be transported immediately. Chap- ters at home will be asked to under- take immediately a collection of used clothing, shoes, blankets, etc., for the liberated peoples of Poland, and other areas until recently occupied by enemy invaders. Assistance of this character is absolutely vital to the life and health of all liberated populations. The United States Government, through Herbert Hoover, will supply transport for cloth- ing to European ports. . T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN FRANCE STARTS RESTORATION OF ORCHARDS RUTH- LESSLY DESTROYED BY RETREATING INVADERS The fury of the invading Germans knew no bounds. Not satisfied to terrify defenseless civilians, to burn cities, to carry off rich furnishings, jewels, grain and cattle, they even wreaked their spire on the trees of northern France. Wood- land and orchard were laid low. Proud trees that stood sentinel along the white French roads—cherry, pear, peach and plum, whose delicate blossoms filled the spring with perfume, whose ripening fruit laughed in the sunshine—cut down, ruthlessly, and left prostrate where they fell, or injured sufficiently to insure slow though certain death—for retreat had sounded and the enemy must be left “naught but his eyes to weep with !” It is down at “Petit Trianon,” where the gay belles and fields that had only mothered the flowers, only known the light footsteps of powdered marquises and the slippered tread of court ladies—and it was the idea of this practical soldier that this very ground should give of its best for France. So Trianon, long captive of weeds and wild nature, with the excep- tion of a few stately elms and cedars, became, in April, 1917, the “Pepiniere Nationale de Versailles.” This was the beginning of a nation- wide movement and the nurseries thus established throughout interior France, have not only furnished millions of fresh vegetables for the soldiers’ mess, but many thousands of trees and saplings that have been and are being trans- & & beaux of Marie An- toinette’s court had dis- ported in the simple garb of peasant folk, that the “Pepiniere Na- tional” (National Nur- sery) has been estab- lished for the cultiva- tion of plants and trees for the restoration of the devastated regions. One day in December, 1916, Lieut. Georges Truffant, of the French army, w a n d e r e d th rough the fields a b o u t Versailles— (Lower) AN ORCH A RD IN FRANCE (Upper) PEAR TREE, FATALLY INJURED planted through the northern depart- ments, replacing those that have fallen under the merciless axe of the Hun. The reconstruction of the French orchards involves the planting of at least 2,000,000 trees. France, with char- acteristic resource, has provided funds to meet the expense. There is a sub- vention made from the fund of three francs appropriated by the Chamber of Deputies to the National Office of Agricultural Reconstruction. This portion will be used for the replant- ing of trees in the invaded regions only. Then the interest and support of the Touring Club of France has been en- listed, insuring propaganda and pub- licity, not only in France but through- out the alied countries. Already much encouragement in the way of financial million ENT RANCE TO NATIONAL NURSERY aid has come from pri- vate individuals and societies, among them the A m e r ic a n Red Cross, which gave its check for $10,000. Re- cently 10,000 live fruit trees were ship ped from the United States for transplanting in French soil. We needs must think of the murdered trees of France when we look out at our own blossoming orchards and the green-gold of our forests smiling in Thankful, indeed, are we the sunshine. that the sacred temples of America's quiet woods have been spared the dese- cration of the despoiler. We are glad that our trees are to stand in place of those that have fallen and as our men have died, there on the long battle line, so will their youth and vigor rise anew in the flowers and fruit of France, car- rying on the great scheme of nature, the perfect circle of “the resurrection of the body and the life everlasting.” . . . The Australian Red Cross maintains two tuberculosis sanatoria in high and healthful locations for the treatment of returned soldiers. The American Red Cross supplies beds for the Italian orphans at the Villa la Cote. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY IBY THE AMERICAN RE D CROSS RED CRoss BUILDING washingtoN, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooD Row WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pzesident ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELtoN WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor StocKTON AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. JESSE H. J.ONES GEORGE E. SCOTT GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 3, 1919 The Work Prospective Keyed to the high pitch of effort which was unremitting as long as the needs of constantly increasing armies of men for fighting service abroad were to be met, Red Cross Chapter workers are loath to abandon activity of an in- tensive character. Urgent requests have come from Chapter executives for defi- nite announcement regarding the future program, the fear being expressed that the lull in connection with war-time work will seriously affect the interest which the women have taken in Red Cross endeavor. The good women who have carried on their labor of love so splendidly dur- ing the war period should possess their souls in patience. The need for their services is not at end. Every day brings more strongly to the fore the distress existing throughout the world, and the staggering immensity of the re- lief problems involved. As soon as the surveys of situations in various coun- tries are completed, it will be possible to outline programs of further effort, and it naturally follows that the Red Cross Chapter activities must be re- cruited to the full to support the work which the organization is to undertake on a post-war basis, - ELIOT WADSworth Already the work is starting in new fields, where the demands for relief are greater than volunteer organizations Całl meet. Supplementing of governmental relief work will tax all existing re- sources. A glance through the pages of this issue of The Red Cross Bulletin will be sufficient to show the scope of the new work that is to be done, not to speak of the “carry on” tasks that still confront the Red Cross in those coun- tries where relief was inaugurated while the war was in operation. The work in behalf of hundreds of thousands of ragged rufugees and whole populations of afflicted countries will reach across the sea to America, and provide employ- ment for thousands of willing hands. But everything can not be done in a day. The conference which has the peace of the world in hand has just be- gun to get down to real business, al- though hostilities three months ago. Those wrestling with ceased more than the great relief problems likewise have had to engage in much preliminary in- vestigation. They have been in Europe in tireless conference and labor for many weeks. In the end satisfying re- sults are probable through the coordin- ation of Red Cross work the world over—a greater systematizing of effort by means of international cooperation than has been known since the civilized nations formed their Red Cross organi- zations under the original Geneva con- vention. When general plans are completed, the effect will be reflected in the thousands of Chapters, and while there may be no such burdens imposed as when our sol- diers were on the battle line there surely will be enough to maintain the interest of all concerned. Poland The people of Poland certainly have had more than their share of the suffer- ing imposed on the human race. For generations under the yoke of political oppression, the dawn of new liberty throughout the world finds them bravely setting to the task of organizing as an independent nation, strong in resolution and character, but in appalling distress as a result of the extraordinary afflic- tions forced on them by the world War. No more welcome news has come across the sea in many weeks than that the way finally has been opened for the extension of American Red Cross aid to a country so desperately in need of it as Poland. Admittedly the work in hand involves one of the greatest ser- vices to mankind the organization has been called upon to undertake, and it will require the most earnest support of the rank and file of the Red Cross at home to render it of full value. It goes without saying that such support will follow. - The practical value of the relief given to the Poles in their present circum- stances will be heightened by the moral effect of carrying the American spirit and the spirit of the American Red Cross into the country. Caring for physical ills is only half the problem; the spirit of the doing is the other half. Especially in the case of a country on the thres- hold of self-governing nationalism of an enduring character, the encouragement to be derived from a people of such ideals as the American is above esti- mate. That distinguished son of Po- land, Ignace Paderewski, who is well known to the American people, will find a new inspiration in his task of estab- lishing an orderly government in the good will manifested through the work which the Red Cross will carry on. - The Allied governments as a whole are concerned with the restoration of order in Poland, and jointly and severally will assist in solving the greater prob- effecting food supplies and the like. The governmental activi- lems—those ties will be assisted and supplemented by the coordination of American relief elements under Red Cross direction. - On Special Mission to Europe Otis H. Cutler, manager of the Four- teenth Division, has been made Deputy Commissioner of the American Red Cross with the rank of major, and has gone to Europe on a special mission to assist Chairman Davison of the War Council in connection with plans af- fecting the future Red Cross work. While in Europe Major Cutler also wiłł confer with the heads of the London, Paris and Geneva Chapters, on a pro- gram of post-war activities. - During Major Cutler's absence, divi- sional affairs will be directed by Assist- ant Managers Fisk and Anderson. T H E R E D C R O ss B U L L E T IN - 5 N a statement to The Times (Lon- don) announcing the demobiliza- tion of the war forces of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John, Sir Arthur Stanley, chairman of the Joint War Committee, expresses the desire particularly “to record our indebtedness to the American Red Cross, from whom we have received such munificent con- tributions and with whom Our coopera- tion in the common work has been of a peculiarly intimate character.” The British Red Cross and its affiliated Organization have raised funds aggrega- ting about $75,000,000 since the begin- ning of the war, and there is sufficient balance on hand it is estimated, to meet future obligations. The after-war work, which may have to be continued for some years, includes the curative treatment and after-care of the sick and wounded. “Later,” says the statement, “there may arise fresh tasks and new responsibilities for the great humanitarian organizations on whose behalf we speak. What the nature of that future work shall be calls for careful consideration.” HE TIMES, commenting on Sir Arthur's letter, refers to his an- nouncement as bringing to a close “a memorable chapter in the history of the war.” Although speaking with particular reference to the British Society, the edi- torial touches a chord of more general responsiveness in its declaration that “The Red Cross, to whom thousands owe their thanks, owes in turn its thanks to a countless multitude of loyal supporters in every part of the world.” And fur- thermore, “after four years its popularity is unabated, so completely has the Red Cross justified the gigantic trust which has been committed to it.” < * * “it has been a spontaneous effort, and so well has its work been conducted that it has been accomplished without muddle and at an astonishing small expenditure on the costs of administration.” So, too, may these closing words of The Times leader be taken as applying to the Red Cross in general: “By doing its duty boldly, resourcefully, and un- flinchingly in its own sphere, it has inci- dentally done much to establish those natural pieties which in an ideal world should exist between nation and nation and between man and man.” - - FROM THE RED CROSS WATCH TOWER EMOBILIZATION, so far as it pertains to relief work, is in con- nection with the service rendered to the fighting forces, which no longer are suf- fering the casualties of battle, and are themselves being demobilized as fast as is consistent with the situation pend- ing the final peace agreements. Along other lines the call for relief seems to be growing all the time. The accessi- bility of countries from which outside as- sistance was largely or altogether cut off while the war was in progress, has developed fields for action which will tax the resources of both governments and volunteer organizations to the ut- In OSt. ^- Increasing demands in Russia and the inauguration of Red Cross effort in Po- land by no means indicate the full scope of the new work in prospect. Prepara- tions are being rushed for the extension of relief throughout the Balkan states; and in these preparations the American Red Cross is taking a special interest. In most of the Near East territory pre- liminary emergency work has been set in motion, and now units and supplies for more extended effort are on the way or in process of organization. ::: ::: : WHE steamship Ehland, assigned by T the War Department for the use of the Balkan commissions, was an- nounced as loading at Toulon for the transport of supplies, last week, prepa- ratory to sailing in a few days. The en- tire Roumanian Red Cross unit was scheduled to sail from Marseilles several days ago, on the Roumanian ship Trajan, with about 800 tons of supplies. The Montenegro unit is already on the scene, and beginning to work, according to cable advices. Arrangements for the sup- plies for Montenegro have been com- pleted. Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, who is now in Europe, and the Red Cross Commissioner for Europe have approved the immediate organization of a small unit to Albania. Supplies are being ob- tained in Italy, and it is expected that the unit will organize and be ready to sail from a European port within the next week or ten days. Major Glenford L. Bellis, of the United States Army Medi- cal Corps, has been selected as chief of this unit. NOTHER recent cablegram notes A. the furnishing of additional per- sonnel for the American Red Cross work in South Serbia. About twenty workers are now at Belgrade, and other units were scheduled to start to join them last week. An entire trainload of Supplies left Trieste for Belgrade ten days ago, and others will go forward as rapidly as needed. - British and French authorities have advised the establishment of Red Cross Balkan headquarters at Constantinople, where the headquarters of all other Bal- kan operations are being fixed. That city now is in complete control of the Allies, and the means of transportation and communication from that point are reported to be very good. It is not on the present program of the American Rei Cross to do any general work in Turkey or Bulgaria, but if headquar- ters are established at Constantinople it is possible that some work may be done in that city under the direction of the Balkan staff. Such work would be done, of course, with the approval of the Al- lied authorities. - Major Roger C. Perkins, of Cleveland, who was a member of the former Red Cross Commission for Roumania, will be chief of public health and sanitation for the Balkan staff. - + 4 + N VERY day the press cablegrams E are making plainer the exigencies of the food problem throughout Europe, but the other features of required relief are not as yet so impressed on the mind of the lay public. The conditions in sev- eral of the Balkan countries, aside from the question of food supplies, are very serious, and in many instances, accord- ing to the cables not primarily for publi- cation, are tragic in the extreme. Nakedness, or nearly that on the part of great numbers of the population, and suffering from disease and general sani- tary retrogression, have caused those sent to investigate to urge relief to the limit of obtainable resources. f The indications are that the needs will be met with all possible dispatch, along with the newly pressing needs that the conclusion of hostilities has disclosed in connection with the refugees and repa- triated people of France and Belgium, and the nearer countries with whose con- dition the American public has been bet- ter acquainted. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN A Distinguished Visitor A motor came slowly to a standstill before the entrance of the new Red Cross hotel for army and navy men at 8 Rue St. Hyacinthe, Paris. A hand- some woman, befurred and smiling, de- scended from the tonneau and approached the door beneath the two big American flags. “Welcome, Madame la Presidente!” The wife of the President of the United States entered the cheerful lob- by. It has been a favorite di- version of Mrs. Wilson, dur- ing her stay in France, to visit the various Red Cross centers of the French capital and she has found the new hotels for soldiers and sailors most inter- esting. There are now five Red Cross hotels in Paris, some of which shelter as many as three hundred soldiers each night. They are quite up to date in all points of accommodation, and they are free to the soldiers of the American Expe- ditionary Forces. Meals are served at COSt. In the evenings there is plenty of diversion in the form of music and dancing. Enlisted Men’s Club in France At various centers in France enlisted men of the A. E. F. have their own clubs, and the men who wear no bars, leaves, eagles, or stars on their shoulders are in full charge. Most of these enlisted men's clubs are unique institutions. To begin with, tobacco and cigarettes are given away, thanks to the American people, via the Red Cross. The quarters themselves may be anything from an old barn to a portable house. Even chateaux have been used; but in France every chateau isn’t a castle. For instance, men of the 27th Divi- sion, at Montfort, have their club in a little red brick schoolhouse, loaned to them by a real count, with a real cha- Here in the schoolhouse the en- They have not disturbed the metric system charts and the crucifixes on the teau. listed men are at home. walls, but they have moved in a boche piano that they salvaged after go in g th rough the H in de n burg 1 in e, and on At every Atlantic port our returning soldiers are wel- comed by the Red t ross. hese pic- tures were taken on Boston docks. one wall they have hung an American flag, under which 700 men of the division were buried. In this particular club, as in others, the Red Cross gives the men news- papers, magazines, writing material and games. The one and only drink is cocoa, and the A. R. C. is responsible for that also. The enlisted man in his own club easily entertains himself, and he is quiet about it, except when the piano moves him to melody. While the Clocks Tick Tick-tock, tick-tock! Day and night the clocks sing time away—the grand- father clocks along the wall, with their deep, steady click; the cuckee clocks with their fantastic carvings and their punctual feathered tenants, and the tiny, dainty watchlings, no larger than a coin, fashioned to encircle milady's supple wrist. It looks like a bit of old Switzerland, yet it is France—the little clockmaking town of Cluses in Haute-Savoie, not far from the Swiss border. Here is the National School of Clockmaking, where- in many of the war's mained are now finding employment. This intricate and fine art is being acquired by men who by reason of their wounds have been incapacitated for heavy work. Many have lost arms and limbs. exclusively for “mutilés” has been built with funds furnished by the American Red Cross. There the “mutilés” will work, finding new interest in the things that shape themselves beneath their deli- cate tools, while the clocks tick steadily on, as if to say: “Time flies! Time flies! Time flies!” A new annex - The Italian Red Cross mo- º bilized 10,000 volunteer nurses § for duty in the war hospitals. A subscription has been raised in Chili for the founding in London of an Iberian-American hospital under the auspices of the British Red Cross. The Uruguayan Red Cross holds it- self in readiness to go to the rescue of ships wrecked along its rocky eastern Coast. THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN JUGo-SLAv AND CZECHO-Slovak By constancE win1FRED STUMPE The Slavonic races are more than ever in the eye of the world since the prob- lems of peace supplanted the strategy of war. This article will assist in a better understanding of the respective peoples, and should inspire a broader interest in the political and physical well- being of nations that have suffered much for the cause of liberty, and for whose relief Red Cross effort now is being directed with full energy. Jugoslavia, Czechoslovakia — new names on the lips of the worid. What are they? and where? Let us imagine ourselves skimming in a swift plane, along the shores of the blue Adriatic, as far west as the river Save, which bounds Carniola and Croatia, and the river Drave, which bounds Sla- vonia—from Trieste to the Greek fron- tier, hovering over the western Balkans and portions of Macedonia. Here lies Jugoslavia, the federation of the south- ern Slavs (“jugo”—south). Below us lies a rugged mountainous country, with fertile strips of meadow and farmland running down to the sea, embracing eighteen different political divisions, in- habited by a homogeneous and loyal people, united today for the first time under one government. There to the north, tucked in the Bosnian hills, lies Serajevo, where in June, 1914, the tragic assassination of the Austrian archduke flung the spark in the tinder-box of Europe. Innocent enough it looks, this little city, with its crooked streets and half-oriental aspect, under the frowning panorama of the hills. Serbia, with whom the world has be- come intimately acquainted during the last four years, is the most important of the Jugo-slav states. Her story is one long tragedy, and the story of Serbia is the story of the Balkans, the story of the Jugoslavs. The people of this corner of the earth have been ha- rassed from all sides by the Romans, by the Turks, whose victory at Kossovo (1389) extinguished the independence of the Serbs for four hundred years, by the Austrians, who have played chess with them in preserving what kings have been pleased to call “the balance of power.” But the Serbs, fighting down the cen- turies, have remained unconquered in spirit, striving always for their own free- dom and in this they have been more fortunate than their brother neighbors, for the treaty of Berlin of 1878 fixed the boundaries of Serbia and Montenegro and made of them autonomous states. Serbia's plucky stand in the war is an old story. Of the army of 250,000 that began the great retreat of 1915, 100,000 perished in the campaigns through the snow filled passes of Montenegro and Albania. Serbia was laid waste. Two || hundred thousand Serb women and chil- dren straggled over the hills, while their men fought desperately, though vainly against the enemy pressing down from the north. And there was snow, and freezing cold and famine and death. Thousands perished by the wayside. The remainder reached Monastir, the last Serbian outpost, on the Macedonian frontier, where the kindly hand of the Red Cross has done its pitifully small utmost to feed them, clothe them and dispel their terror, if only for a moment. Religious differences have played their part in the Balkan question. The Jugo- slavs had been early converted to Christianity, but unfortunately, they were not all to gain salvation by the same process, those living east of the diocesan line, when the Church, in the eleventh century divided these lands between the jurisdiction of Rome and that of Constantinople, becoming Greek orthodox, and those west, Roman Catho- lic. Men, in the false interpretation of their beliefs, have made religion a bur- den, a handicap, rather than a key to higher spiritual achievement and the science of living well. So with the Slavs of the Balkans. Bigoted, narrow, super- stitious, though devout enough in their own way, living in the wrath of God in- stead of in His love, their varying and conflicting religious faiths have proved as subtle and potent a weapon in the hands of their oppressors as politics. Austria was able to keep her hold on Bosnia and Herzegovina, which she an- nexed in 1908, by making appeal to the Roman Catholics. But the national spirit smoldered. When the guns screamed their challenge across the world in 1914, the representa- tives of “pan-Jugoslavia,” were scattered among various lands. They knew the hour had come and lost no time in or- ganizing their resources outside of Jugo- slavia and in inciting the spirit of revo- lution among the Jugoslavs forced to fight under the flags of their conquerors. Jugoslavs all over the world, and there were not a few of them in the United States, rallied, as at the sound of a long awaited summons, to fight for their free- dom. A regiment fought valiantly with the Italians along the Piave. Their ob- jective is the foundation of a constitu- tional and limited monarchy whose sov- ereign shall be “king of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes,” the three principal divisions of the Jugoslav peoples. The story of Czechoslovakia is similar in that it tells of a long oppressed people living under Austrian domination who have at last, under an able champion risen to the dignity of freedom in estab- lishing the autonomous republic of Czechoslovakia, with the old and beau- tiful city of Prague as its capital. It lies in that northwestern corner of Austria next the German frontier, embracing Bo- hemia and Moravia—a romantic coun- try, with a long and stirring past cover- ing a thousand years of struggle. To even touch the high light of Czech his- tory were to print a volume. A pro- gressive and prosperous state in the Mid- dle Ages, the Thirty Years War (1618- 1648), reduced Bohemia to complete sub- jection under Austria. The Czech no- bility was decimated by execution; Czech literature was destroyed; the Czech language was forbidden; Catholi- cism was forced upon a people that had been staunchly Protestant since the days of John Huss, all those that did not bow to the absolutism of the Church being persecuted and driven from the land. But fire and sword and blood and tears can not break the spirit of freedom. Like their neighbors to the south, the Czechs and the Slovaks awaited their “day.” The world is familiar with the achieve- ments of the Czecho-Slovak legions, re- cruited from every corner of the earth. Czechoslovakia has been recognized by the great powers and her first president, Thomas G. Masaryk, a Moravian by birth, has already taken up his duties. And so order rises out of chaos, and oppression frees itself from the lash of hate. All power to the new born nations; may their peoples find happi- ness and prosperity in their new federa- tion and may their progress mark a new era in the evolution of mankind towards greater destinies, bringing peace at last to the troubled Balkans and joy to the hearthfires of those who have suffered greatly for freedom’s sake. 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Tells of Conditions and Terrible Suffering asyet Beyond Reach A private letter from a member of the American Red Cross Commission sent to Archangel, Russia, last fall, written a few weeks after the commission ar- rived on the grounds, gives interesting information concerning conditions exist- ing in a part of the world which is coming more and more into the public eye. “The Allied Military Expedition to Northern Russia and the establishment here of a definite military zone,” the writer says, “with the consequent iso- lation from the principal centers of the country has, of course, for the time be- ing, narrowed our horizon and restricted the area in which we can work to the district of Archangel alone. This dis- trict stretches across the northern part of Russia from the Arctic coast of Nor- way to the Ural Mountains, and as far south as the Allied-Bolshewiki Front, which at some points is scarcely more than a hundred miles south of Arch- angel city. “In this narrow strip of territory the population is very small to the area, not exceeding six hundred thousand peo- ple, the majority of whom are thrifty fishermen, hunters, trappers and lumber- men, not particularly affected by the war, except in the curtailment of their flour and sugar supply from the south, and not as a whole suffering any great hardship of war. One hundred thou- sand of those inhabitants, I should say, may fairly be said to need immediate assistance in the matter of food, cloth- ing and medicine. “Some of the larger settlements in this region are inaccessible, such as the one on the Pechora river, the mouth of which is under partial bolshevik con- trol, or at least subject to bolshevik raids upon shipping, which have suc- ceeded in seizing all shipments recently sent out by the Archangel food commit- tee. This leaves as centers where relief work is necessary and at the same time possible, the region of the Pinega river, a tributary of the northern Dvina, the Mazin river country to the eastward, the so-called summer coast from Archangel to Onega, and the southern tip of the Kola peninsula, to which we have al- ready dispatched a trawler with a hun- dred tons of provision and medicines. “Captain Lively, who has just returned from the Kila expedition, reports that he was able to reach directly or indi- rectly, about six thousand people, some of whom were in great want and re- ceived with great eagerness and great gratitude the Red Cross shipment, which in some cases was just in time to pre- vent their starvation. The influenza epi- demic, which has spared very few parts of the country, is exceedingly acute at Ponoi, on the Kola coast, and the popu- lation, until our supply of medicine UNLOADING RED CROSS SUPPLIES AT ARCHANGEL CAPT. W. T. WYNN, OF SEATTLE, WHO STARTED A. R. C. WORK IN NORTH RUSSIA reached them, were entirely without drugs of any sort and had almost no physicians. “Without belittling the importance of the work which can be done in this iso- lated fragment of Russia, it is of course apparent that compared with the prob- lem of relieving the larger centers of Russia, unfortunately cut off from us, where tens of millions are suffering the most bitter deprivations and tens of thousands are dying every week from starvation and disease, the work here must seem, in the larger scale of things, trivial and almost insignificant. To get a proper notion of this it is only neces- sary to imagine New York, Philadel- phia, Chicago, and the intervening coun- try in the present plight of Petrograd and Moscow—and a relief expedition sent to the State of Maine, which for the purpose of a parallel, must be pic- tured as completely cut off from the rest of the United States. “Our only course so far as I can see is to devote ourselves to the relief here in the Archangel district until the time comes when we can extend our efforts further into Russia. I believe the Red Cross may be of considerable service in consolidating, so to speak, the favorable and friendly sentiment for the United States which extends generally in this part of Russia.” WHAT’S DOING IN SIBERIA Letter from American Red Cross Commission Tells Interesting Facts About the 'Work A recent mail report from the Ameri- can Red Cross Commission for Siberia gives an interesting picture of various features of the work being carried on in that far-away region. A résumé of the letter, which was written at the close of last year, follows: Save for a brief pause in the usual routine in honor of the holiday season, the program of the American Red Cross in Siberia, goes steadily forward. Dr. Begley, of Manila, who has been in charge, temporarily, of the American Red Cross tubercular hospital at Buche- du, Manchuria, ar- rived on Christmas through, for the Red Cross bureau of Communication is swamped with frantic missives that the prisoners, quick to take advantage of the offer of the Red Cross, are sending around the world to their families in the homeland. Many of the prisoners had not heard from their rela- tives or friends since their capture in 1914 or 1915. The postal cards are for- warded free of post to Washington. The American Red Cross in Sibera has sent out five sanitary trains, made up of nineteen cars each. These trains carry quantities of sweaters, blankets, padded Chinese suits, refugee clothing, bolts of material to be made into clothing by refugee women, children’s garments, etc.; there is one car of absorbent cotton, one car of gasolene and kerosene, two of drugs and one of miscellaneous supplies. Relief, and the remainder of the Ameri- can soldiers in Siberia will be looked af- ter by the New Year's train, leaving here in a few days. On Christmas the Red Cross workers supplied the men of the cruiser “Brook- lyn” with 500 pounds of candy and with sweaters, pajamas and socks. The 600 American soldiers and the hospital per- sonnel of American Evacuation Hospital on Ulysses Bay near Vladivostok were given Christmas supplies, as were the pa- tients and staff at Russian Island Hospital in Vladivostok harbor and the Red Cross Refugee Hospital in Vladivostok city. The Red Cross also distributed bags of candy to the Russian Railway Service men at their quarters in the naval bar- racks, Vladivostok. Members of the Russian Railway Ser- vice Corps—Ameri- eve in Vladivostok. Dr. Begley is a bac- teriologist and will take up his duties in the Russian Island Hospital. He brings with him, Miss D. Innes, a B r it is h nurse who has been on duty in the Man- churian hospital and Red service in will continue Cross Vladivostok until re- called to London. The Buchedu hos- pita has been left in SOME OF THE LATE, ROLL-CALL PUBLICITY A few of the 20,000 American newspapers that gave space to the Red Cross Christmas Member- ship plea charge of Dr. Ar- thur F. Jackson, of Honolulu, and is now in a position to do a great deal of use- ful work among the tubercular patients and will probably receive convalescent wounded from the front. The hospital is healthfully situated on a plateau 3,000 feet above the sea. An interesting auxiliary in the field is the group of British Friends, working in the Buzuluk section of the Samara dis- trict of European Russia through the American Red Cross. The Friends have done widespread and practical work for the relief and industrial education of the Russians in Samara. Through the favor- able report made by Raymond Robins to Washington, the Siberian Commission has made an appropriation of 10,000 roubles ($1,200 approximately), which will be used in the purchase of sugar. Already results of the effort to place the prisoners in Siberia in touch with their families in Hungary have began to come The Red Cross is preparing to send out these relief trains regularly through the winter and spring to take care of the des- titute in the Siberian cities and towns. The need for medicines and general hos- pital supplies in the Russian hospitals throughout Siberia in very acute. CELEBRATING CHRISTMAS The report speaks as follows of Yule- tide among the refugees and American soldiers in Asiatic Russia: Christmas eve and Christmas day made a busy season for the Red Cross in Vladi- vistok. The Department of Military Re- lief received more than 100 cases of Red Cross supplies by the United States cruiser “Brooklyn,” mostly Christmas goods such as candy, cigarettes, phono- graph records, magazines and books. These were distributed to the American soldiers of nearby detachments through the Red Cross Department of Military cans connected with railroads of the United States, who were sent to Siberia to assist in rehabili- tating the Trans-Si- berian railway ser- vice—played Santa Claus to scores of p o or children of V 1 a divos to k on Christmas night. The impromptu Christ m as was staged at the Rus- sian n a v a 1 bar- racks on a h i 11 overlooking Vladi- - vostok h a rib or where the railway service men have their quarters. Although the Russian Christ- mas comes thirteen days after the Amer- ican Yuletide, some one evidently told the Vladivostok youngsters that this was a holiday season when gifts might be expected from the “Amerikanskis.” At any rate, just as the engineers were sitting down to dinner, the barracks was invaded by a throng of children, all of them evidently poor, and with not a few mothers, anxious to see the fun and join in the good time. The American engineers found some Christmas “goodies” in large cases stored in the barracks by the American Red Cross, which also has quarters for its staff men here, and the Red Cross promptly donated enough candy to pro- vide each of the Russian children with a couple of boxes. Then a stalwart en- gineer played Santa Claus and handed out the boxes as the children filed past. 10 THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN Commission for Balkans (Concluded from page 1.) Large quantities of supplies accumu- lated against possible needs during hos- tilities in France and Italy, will be drawn upon for the Balkans. It is not expected that operations there will be of long duration, but that during the winter and until the beginning of the next harvest, or when the Allied Gov- ernments have been able to marshal re- Sources for relief on an extensive scale, the American Red Cross can possibly save the lives of thousands, and pre- vent the extreme misery of a far greater number. A total of several hundred Americans thus will shortly be carrying to ‘the afflicted peoples of these States, a message of relief and practical sym- pathy from American people. For both North and South Serbia, the American Red Cross commissions re- cruited largely from the former Italian organization. For the work in North Serbia, operating from Salonica and Belgrade, there is a force of seventy, the former under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas W. Far- man. The personnel for South Serbia numbers twenty-four, in command of Major J. P. Carey., Shipments of sup- plies for Serbia are exceedingly diffi- cult, and in some regions impossible. The food situation in Belgrade and vi- cinity is not as grave as first reported, but still is calling for material aid, es- pecially for the sick and weakened peo- ples. In South Serbia, foodstuffs and clothing are very scarce, even American Red Cross workers finding difficulty in filling their own needs. The Greek Commission under Lieu- tenant Colonel Edward S. Capps, of Princeton, has been increased, including physicians and nurses to a total of seventy-five. This Commission already has considerable supplies, and further emergency needs are being filled. The program calls for the movement of 150 tons of supplies a week on Greek ships, which have been allotted to the Ameri- can Red Cross. Reports from Greece indicate the special needs to alleviate suffering only partly met by supplies locally available. . . For Montenegro, where great dis- tress prevails, an American Red Cross unit consisting of about forty people, including nurses and doctors, with mo- tor trucks to insure prompt transporta- tion inland, is ready to move by French ships. Space has been allotted the Red Cross by the Montenegrin Government for about 700 tons of supplies. Major Edwin Frank Dexter heads the Monte- negrin unit. - The commission for Roumania, to- gether with 3,000 tons of Supplies, also is ready to proceed, under Lieutenant Colonel H. Gideon Wells, of Chicago, with a staff of sixty-five. Space for the shipment of 1,300 tons of supplies from Marseilles are now available. The Te- mainder is to go by a vessel assigned to the American Red Cross by the Ship- ping Board. This ship also will carry the balance of supplies for other coun- tries. - For Albania a unit of about twenty- five, under Major Glenfred C. Bellis, for both medical and general relief, has been organized, and limited supplies of food- stuffs, clothing and medicines, diverted from Serbia, Greece and Roumania, will be shipped to meet the needs of that country. The supplies include, besides food and clothing, tools for repairing houses, farming implements and a large amount of medicines, of which there is acute need. - The Commissions operating in all these countries will have the benefit of recommendations of the survey begun two months ago under Lieutenant Colo- nel Homer Folks, formerly head of the American Red Cross civilian relief work in France, who is making a special Sur- vey for the European Commission of the American Red Cross as to after-war dis- tress, and the most pressing needs of the Balkan peoples. College Washerwomen That college girls will not hesitate to roll up their sleeves and turn washer- women, if the occasion demands, is ii- lustrated by the story of the Mount Holyoke College Unit of the American Red Cross, now serving at the Port of St. Nazaire, France. Members of this unit worked for days—frosty winter days—in the open over washtubs, and as a result Salvaged a fire-blackened and brine-soaked cargo of socks, bathrobes, pajamas, hospital shirts, waists, women’s and children's winter clothing, and numerous other, articles. The heroines of the story are Misses Grace Bacon and Belle Meade. - - It happened that shortly before the Unit arrived at St. Nazaire, a cargo of Red Cross hospital supplies and refugees garments had been landed there bearing the marks of a terrible struggle with fire in the hold of the vessel. The cases were blackened and charred, their con- tents soaked with salt water, and burned fragments of clothing, black and grimy, protruded through great holes. The task of rescuing as much of the price- less freight as possible devolved upon Miss Harris, head of the Refugee work in the Western Zone. The men offered the use of trucks, and the work of sal- vage began. - Empty school buildings, vacated be- cause of an epidemic, were requisitioned; strong women were loaned by a foundry for the heavier work; a group of Ger- man prisoners was utilized, and a whole- sale washing and assorting of damaged wearing apparel, a very valuable lot of goods, continued for days. Twenty- three cases of garments were distributed among the civilian residents who were willing to help salvage them. At the end of the labor, there had been washed, dried, and repacked for trans- portation all of the woolen things and heavy winter garments, including 508 pairs of hand-knitted socks, hundred of pairs of bed-socks, 2,115 warm hospital shirts, 304 woolen waists, 540 heavy serge shirts, 800 winter dresses, 125 blanket bathrobes, and 565 sets of paja- mas, all of the last having to be matched out of a great heap. - He Shocked the Court Staid Londoners have become con- vinced by the war that anything can happen, and a star witness on this point would be a certain chief justice. . The justice entered his chambers in the Royal Law Courts of London and donned his scarlet robe and snowy wig preparatory to opening court. And right there he saw something that started him rubbing his eyes. Stretched at full length on a mattress flung across the dignified mahogany desk and sound asleep, was a rosy-cheeked, tousle- haired able seaman of the United States Navy. The chief justice poked the supposed apparition in the ribs. “Hello, there, Santa Claus,” piped the bluejacket genially, as he “came to.” “So they put you in here, too! They told me to sleep out in the big hall but I found this little room warmer. I like Company, so turn in. Did you have a good time at the masquerade?” - Then, for the first time, the King's law-giver learned the Royal Law Courts had been turned over to the American Red Cross as quarters for the thousands. of American sailors on leave in England. T H E H E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 11 IRIBALWARDANCE REVIVED Sioux Indians Bring Aboriginal Cus- tom Down to Date and Bestow Offerings on Red Cross The traditional war dance of their race was revived with all its picturesque and colorful feature, as the victory dance of the Hunkpapa Sioux, when they celebrated the overthrow of autoc- racy in the world. And as a striking contrast between the old significance of the dance and the new, these descen- dents of the original Americans con- ducted also a Red Cross rally, con- tributing liberally not only in money, but also in live- stock, to the cause of mercy. Gathering at the home of a hospita- ble Sioux family near Kenel, South Dakota, report s Fannie B. Williams, government teacher, the Indians exe- cuted their w a r dance for the first time since it had been the vehicle of jubilation when Sitting Bull anni- hilated Custer and his unlucky soldier women bearing a beautiful Old Glory hanging on a staff. They quickly formed into a circle around the music, each with her flag pointed directly toward the cen- ter and then they fell into the glide of the sidestep which looks foolishly easy but which proves too much for white muscles and endurance. “Around and around went this brilliant circle of national color, rarely beautiful. There was a tragically pathetic element in this drama, when, as they were in full parade, one noticed that some of the women carried service flags dependent from the staff or the national emblem and immediately one saw in memory the stalwart forms that had walked among REST HOUSE FOR SOLDIERS AT NETTUNO, ITALY A REST HOUSE IN ITALY Famous Old Palace Now Serves as Club for Soldiers Through Gift of American Red Cross Two thousand soldiers stationed at the Anti-Aircraft School at Nettuno, the famous seaside resort near Rome, are enjoying to the utmost the Casa del Sol- dato, or Soldiers' Rest House, estab- lished there as the permanent gift of the American Red Cross. Eventually the house will be turned over to the military authorities for operation, the Red Cross leaving about six months’ supplies. Located in a palace of the Borghese family, built nearly a thousand years ago, the Rest House effectively combines the useful with the picturesque. Every afternoon hundreds of soldiers are served with coffee, biscuit and cigar- ettes. There are also a piano, guitars mandolins and vio- lins with which the soldiers beguile their leisure hours, and a huge fifteenth cen- tury fire-place about which to lounge on winter evenings. In addition to t he lounging room there is a reading and writing room. band. “A s W e a p- proached the scene,” writes Miss Will- iams, “we were greeted by a cheery glow. This was from a large fire of full-length cord-wood sticks. Nearby stood the pole from which the Kaiser has been cut down and upon which had been hoisted the American flag. Behind this stood the dance hall. This was a building tightly boarded on the sides, with an arbor roof of branches whose leaves were brown and sear. There was no floor but no one seemed to mind it. Here and there were kettles of well- cooked meat which was served at inter- vals. All was perfect order and atten- tion. Immediately upon the close of my speech the tom-tom began its peculiar rhythm, which to an unsophisticated ear seems only a beating, but which soon lends itself to a perfect leading of the stately measure and graceful tread through the rounds of their aboriginal pastime. Instantly forward came the us and were now “somewhere in France.” “Much of the time they sang. They seemed indefatigable. My friend, an In- dian woman at my side, kept me in- formed of the difference phases. Dur- ing a period of long melodious song she told me that each enlisted soldier had a name which they spoke and then fol- lowed with a song for him. “Soon I left them to an all-night scene of merriment, bearing with me the as- surance of a purse of money, a steer and a horse for the Red Cross, along with the able cooperation of Chief Bear Face’s son for the Red Cross activities just ahead of us.” The American Red Cross has fur- nished 100 beds with sheets and cover- ings for the refugee children in Grenoble. A Common Interest The following interesting paragraphs are from a letter written by Mrs. Carlton Bailey Hurst, chairman of the Barcelona Chapter, American Red Cross: “The British and American Red Cross work amicably together in sunny Barcelona. Many of their activities are conducted jointly while in social affairs the cousin-nations almost invariably join hands, and the Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack fly on either side of the Red Cross flag. “The proceeds of a recent series of joint British-American dances have netted a substantial fund for relief work. It is thus, in a foreign land, that common speech and common interest bind na- tions together.” 12 C. R O S S B U L L E T IN T H E R E D RED CROSS MOTOR CORPS WOMEN IN “OVERALLS” This shows a squad of the Jacksonville, Florida, Red Cross Motor Corps, candidates for the “First Division”, ready for their instruction in motor mechanics. All members of the First Division (Ambulance and Truck Drivers) of Red Cross Motor Corps in the United States, are required to qualify in motor mechanics, first aid, sanitary drill and driving; and upon passing satisfactorily examinations in these subjects, are given certificates to that effect. Important Statement on Chapter Funds The general manager of the Ameri- can Red Cross authorizes the following: We wish to emphasize to Chapter ex- ecutives that it is not proper to make use of chapter funds for building or helping to finance hospitals, convales- cent houses or other permanent institu- tions. It is also contrary to the policy of National Headquarters to have chap- ters make contributions to other relief organizations. The funds of the Red Cross are in no sense for permanent buildings or en- dowments. They are gathered to carry out a program of service through Red Cross agencies. Particularly it must be remembered that the Red Cross must always be ready to marshal social re- serves in time of disaster. The use of a fund of this nature for brick and mortar is not consistent. There is an excep- tion in the case of structures necessary to care for our soldiers and sailors. Even in time of disaster, it is the judgment of the officials of the Red Cross that actual reconstruction should be a responsibility of the communities and that the Red Cross purpose should be to meet the immediate situation. In the field of national relief, there is an additional reason why it is inadvisable for Chapters to make contribution to other relief agencies. If there is any question of contribution to be made to any relief organization campaigning on a national basis, the only proper sense of proportion to guide such contribu- tions must rest upon a national judg- ment; and such contribution could only be made wisely by the national Red Cross organization. It should always be remembered that all of the moneys contributed to the American Red Cross through the Chap- ters should only be used in conducting regular chapter activities, and that any surplus not required to finance the Chap- ter is to be remitted to division head- quarters, and there turned into the na- tional treasury. The Red Cross has been required to meet the immediate emergency existing in practically all of the newly liberated countries, and the result has been an ex- pansion of our activities and consequent expenditures instead of the curtailment which was expected in consequence of the signing of the armistice. We, there- fore, have immediate use for all funds available and we wish to urge all such Chapters as have a surplus of funds on hand to immediately remit such surplus to division headquarters where it will be made available for this work. The Red Cross of Other Lands The Australian Red Cross possesses a useful auxiliary in its Junior Red Cross Volunteer Aid Detachment, made up of boys and girls from eight to sixteen. The Scottish branch of the British Red Cross maintains a home for para- lyzed Scotch soldiers and sailors. The Canadian Red Cross contributed $1,000 a day for its relief work in France alone. The Australian Red Cross maintains a carpenter shop, a toy shop and a basket shop for the employment of returned soldiers. India sent a fleet of ambulances to the French front, a supplement to the St. John’s Ambulance corps. How Jimmy Was Brought Back Jimmy, the soldier boy from the moun- tains, was slowly dying. He had slipped into the Slough of Despond. Slowly but visibly he sank, and no word of en- couragement from solicitous nurses in the general army hospital in North Caro- lina brought a gleam of hope to his heavy black eyes. But one day a representative of the recreational branch of Red Cross service brought into Jimmy's ward a trio of mountain boys armed with banjo and guitar, and made them sing and play for the patients. The lilt of a merry folk- song seemed to arouse the languishing Jimmy. It fanned a fading life-spark that had been beyond the reach of mate- rial aids. - Eventually Jimmy admitted that he “useter pick one o’ them,” indicating a guitar, “as a kid in the backwoods.” “Want ter try yer han’?” asked one of the three who proffered a handmarked and scarred guitar to the invalid. The Red Cross worker, with the sanction of a nurse, encouraged the boy. Fumbling with the strings, he produced a few chords, his eyes brightened and he smiled. “It kind o' comes back to a feller,” he observed. “How would you like to have a guitar to practice on while you are getting well?” asked the Red Cross worker. “Oh! Oh, I’d sure like it. Mebbe the doc won’t stand for it!” But the doctor did “stand for it” the next day—and for a little while each day. And Jimmy got a new grip on himself; his thinking was objectified a bit, and he looked forward to the practice hour impatiently. Now Jimmy is in a convalescent house and is frequently in demand as a one- man orchestra. N vue RAay 5 15ſ - º * * The Re A. *N º cº. C ross Bulletin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 10, 1919 No. 7 DR. FARRAND PEACE HEAD Will Become American Red Cross Executive on Retirement of War Council, March 1 Dr. Livingston Farrand, president of the University of Colorado, has been ap- pointed by President Wilson chairman of the Central Committee of the Ameri- with the Red Cross work in many branches. He knows the situation in Europe thoroughly, and was chosen for the position to which he just has been appointed, not only because of his natu- ral executive qualifications, but because of his intimate knowledge of the work that must be carried on in the foreign field. - (Concluded on page 2.) KNITTING PLAN PERFECTED Work for Chapters in Supplying Articles for Destitute Women and Children Abroad Plans have been completed for a new knitting program to be carried out by the Red Cross chapters of the land in behalf of the destitute in European - countries. Details can Red Cross, to succeed William H. Taft. As chairman of the Central Com- mittee Dr. Farrand will become the ex- ecutive head of the National Red Cross organization on the retirement of the War Council, which will take place March 1. The War Council was created by reso- lution of the Central Committee to man- age the affairs of the American Red Cross during the w a r period its mem- bers being appointed by President Wil- son. The original appointments were announced May 10, 1917. The Red Cross now is about to change from a war back to a peace basis; but a peace basis which will in- volve far greater tasks than those of the ante-war period and require the full time of those intrusted with the executive DR. LIVINGSTON FARRAND a n d instructions will soon be sent from Nation a 1 Headquarters t O the division mana- gers with respect to the issuance of yarn in hand to be made into s to c k in g s, sweaters and muff- for children, sh a w 1 s for lers a n d women. It is urged that every energy be bent to speed up production as the need for such arti- cles abroad is very great. Details of the pro- g r a m in question have been given ex- haustive considera- tion at Headquar- ters, with a view to harmonizing t he after-war situation at home with the urgent need stated in the cables that have been received from the commis- Europe. One of the recent cables on the sub- ject stated that un- limited use can be made of children’s sions in duties, Dr. Farrand arrived in Washington several days ago and will devote the intervening weeks of the War Council control to familiar- izing himself with the organization. Since the entrance of the United States into the war, Dr. Farrand has been the director of the tuberculosis work of the International Health Board in France. While abroad he came in close contact ALLIED PRISONER RELIEF Full details of the American Red Cross plans for extending relief to the Russian and Allied prisoners still in Germany are given on page eight of this issue. stockings and strongly recommended that the yarn available when the knitting of garments for our soldiers ceased, be utilized with as little delay as possible for knitting them for the benefit of des: titute children in all parts of the world. Another of the many cablegrams de- scribing needs with respect to refugees declared that distress throughout the T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TIN world daily presents a picture of greater despair. The situation was such, it was stated, that the American Red Cross organization in Europe could not hope to cope with it adequately with the re- sources at their command. As hereto- fore indicated the most that the Red Cross can possibly hope to contribute is supplementary emergency aid to the governmental programs that are being mapped out. One of the most effective forms this emergency aid can take, it repeatedly has been pointed out, is in the furnishing of garments for which are needed in unlimited quantities. Refugees all over the world, who have been driven from their homes by the varying forces of war, have been for refugees several years in rags or with practically no clothes at all. Pitiable stories have been flashed across the ocean about thou- sands upon thousands of children who are barefooted and barelegged while snow and ice is upon the ground. In many countries, even if articles such as in demand could be manufactured and paid for, the material to make them is totally lacking. In all of these coun- tries, however, the American Red Cross are has commissions and is prepared to make distribution. “The need,” says one cablegram, “is great to a degree which few at home can possible realize. Every article furnished will give warmth to a body which otherwise would lack proper clothing, and each garment will actually prevent suffering.” There seem to be no territorial limits within the whole vast area of the recent theaters of war marking the require- ments for articles such as the Red Cross Chapters in America will be able to sup- ply. Northern France, Belgium, Italy, Rumania, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Palestine, Albania, Poland—all these and other countries have their refugee prob- lems of terrifying proportions; and the refugee problem invariable involves lack of proper clothing. In perfecting plans for the manufac- ture of knitted articles for shipment abroad—which will take place as fast as the articles can be produced—the judg- ment has been reached that the most effective aid at present can be rendered through the furnishing of the articles above noted for the use of women and children, in the afflicted countries. To that end the turning out of knitted arti- cles for men will be discouraged rather than encouraged, although where there are stocks of men's garments on hand al- ready made up they will be accepted and º - 3. sent abroad for distribution through the various Red Cross commissions. Dr. Farrand Peace Head (Concluded from page 1.) Dr. Farrand comes of a family which has cherished ideals of scholarship and social service. One of his brothers is professor of history in Yale University, and another is head master of Newark Academy. He is a graduate of Prince- ton University in the class of 1888, a master of arts of the same institution, and a graduate of the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons of Columbia Uni- versity. He supplemented his studies at home by Berlin. courses at Cambridge and For nine years he was the executive secretary of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tubercu- losis. He also is prominent in the af- fairs of the American Public Health As- sociation, and is a member of the lead- ing scientific societies which are con- cerned with preventive medicine. As an administrator, Dr. Farrand has shown a high order of ability. He be- came president of the University of Colo. rado in 1914, and in a remarkably short time infused a spirit of great efficiency in that institution. In dealing with com- plicated political, social and professional situations in France he has displayed ex- ceptional qualities of diplomacy, tact and cooperation. Close observers of Dr. Farrand’s ca- reer unite in declaring that he is pecu- liarly fitted to take the initiative in de- veloping a statesmanlike program for LONDON EAST SIDE MOTHERS AND CHILDREN AT A. R. C. CHILD WELFARE - CENTER AT BETHNAL GREEN the American Red Cross under peace conditions; that there need be no fear of stagnation or of sinking into bureau- cratic routine so long as he is in a po- sition of responsibility. Hospital for Czecho-Slovaks A completely equipped, modern military hospital, established by the American Red Cross for sick and wounded mem- bers of the Czecho-Slovak forces, is now in full operation at Cognac, France, another tribute to the daring band of patriots who cast off the shackles of Hapsburg tyranny and helped in the fight for world freedom. This hospital, with a capacity for eighty-five patients and which can easily be expanded to ac- commodate many more, has already won the warmest gratitude of those it is aid- ing, as a practical demonstration of the American people's determination to as- sist their new-born country. The new hospital, which was equipped under the direction of Dr. Howard Lewis, of the American Red Cross, is a model of the small military type. It occupies a large, well-built modern house, in the rear of which is a garden with a smaller building at the foot of the garden. The rooms are high-ceiled, permitting high windows and consequently plenty of light and sunshine. The wards are white- walled and tidy with generously spaced rows of cots. Spotless also are the dining room for the personnel, the dis- pensary, operating and linen closets; and throughout the institution no detail has been overlooked to make the hospital worthy of the army that helped the Allies on more than one front, TO on 1 T H E R E D C R O S S B U 3 L L E T IN RED CROSS SIGHT-SEEING TOURS ARE POPULAR IN LONDON Seeing the sights of London under American Red Cross auspices now is a daily diversion for hundreds of conva- lescent American soldiers who have been cared for in hospitals situated in Great Britain, and for other wounded men as- sembled in England for embarkation to the United States. The pictures shown on this page will give an idea of some of the good times the wounded heroes are having in the world’s metropolis. Second only to the enjoyment of the men themselves is the pleasure derived by the Red Cross guides in the rôle of tourist agents through the happiness which they are able to impart. - Prisoners just back from Germany, and soldiers on leave from France join the convalescents from the hospitals and help to give life to the parties. Every morn- ing immense busloads of the sight-seers start from the American Red Cross Headquarters on tours of the city. At the tower of London one of the parties shown in the accompanying pictures made friends with the policemen on duty there, who accepted the invitation to put on a Red Cross emblem and “come along.” “We'll tell you all about London,” volunteered one of the “bobbies” and then for an hour or two the guardians of the law regaled the boys from across the sea with stories of the famous things that had happened in and around that part of the great city. One of the pictures shows a party of wounded Americans, who for three months have been confined to hospitals in plaster casts, resting on a bench in front of Westminster Abbey, while their less weary comrades are viewing the interior. - “It’s a fine statue,” said Private Russel Wright, of Santa Rosa, California, as he and his comrades gazed at the Queen Victoria Memorial Statue in the circle in front of Buckingham Palace. “The only one I’d rather see is the Statue of Lib- erty in New York harbor,” he added longingly, “and we’ll be seeing that soon, I reckon.” A jollier party never drove through London than one which stopped in front of St. Paul's to feed the pigeons. Every one in the party had lost either a leg or an arm or had been so seriously wounded that he will probably require a crutch for life. But down-hearted? No. “I’d like to get acquainted with one of these little fellows,” said a North Caro- lina boy as a saucy pigeon perched on his bandaged foot, “and tie a message to his leg to tell the folks back home that I’ll be with them soon.” In various ways the American Red Red Cross is proving its value as an after-the-war “mother” of our soldiers still “over there.” General Pershing recently gave per- mission for American soldiers in the army of occupation in Germany to take two weeks’ furloughs in England at the rate of 150 a day. Thus the American Red Cross must continue to function in England to see that these visiting dough- boys find places to eat and sleep and have aid in their sightseeing. 1. Victoria Memorial 2. “All aboard!” 3. Feeding the pigeons, St. Paul’s At London Tower At Westminster Abbey SEEING THE SIGHTS OF LONDON TOWN T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY - THE AME R CAN RE D CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WOODROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pzesident Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer JOHN W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . • . . . . . . ecretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIoT WADSworth . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLiss, JR. JESSE H. Jon ES GEORGE E. Scott GEORGE B. CASE - Ex Officio WILLIAM HowARD TAFt. ELIOT WADSworth WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 10, 1919 More Knitting Draw again the knitting needles that temporarily were sheathed, following the signing of the armistice! Hands that be- came expert in wielding them in thou- sands of Red Cross work rooms, when there were garments to be made for our boys in camps and trenches, have new work to do. This time it is not a mat- ter of supplying comforts; it is one of relieving actual and terrible suffering. Patriotism never had any finer person- ification than in the case of the millions of American women who responded to the country's call and became the “Army behind the Army.” Now it is humanity that calls. Women and children all over Europe and in the countries of the Near East, are suffering from the lack of proper clothing. Over there, even if the people had the money with which to buy, there is no material to be made into the articles that mean protection, and warmth, and health. It is to supply in some measure the crying needs in this line of relief, that - Red Cross chapters now are summoned to a new knitting task. Fortunately there is in stock a considerable quantity of yarn, originally intended for use in knitting garments for the soldiers. This yarn is to be made available as quickly as possible for the making of stockings, mufflers and sweaters for children who are innocent sufferers of war now ended, and shawls for women who have lost homes and loved ones—everything ex- cept the hope which must be turned to courage in order to set the world going again. . . To what happier use could this left- over material be put than just this form of relief now presented? What greater opportunity could there be to serve for those who learned the beauty of service when the guns were roaring? Some- times in the past, in the enthusiasm of their patriotic energy, women workers have said that they did not want to knit for refugees; that they wanted to knit for soldiers. Whatever reason there may have been in such declarations hereto- fore, it certainly has no existence now; for there is no need whatever for addi- tional soldiers' garments, while there is need so great that it can not be exag- gerated for all the garments that can be supplied for hundreds of thousands— millions, of unfortunate human beings in other lands. The immediate duty of the Red Cross, on a “peace basis,” is to supplement the tremendous work of relief which the governments will be compelled to carry on. It rests largely with the Chapter workers to let the rest of the world know that the heart of America still throbs for humanity. In the Week's News Travelers returning from abroad sup- Plement and accentuate the seriousness of conditions existing among the people of many lands. The daily press cables are full of heart-rending Stories of dis- tress—misery beyond description. Harry Pratt Judson, president of the University of Chicago, on his arrival in New York a few days ago from a tour of inspection in the Near East, told of Scores of thousands of Syrian and Ar- menian refugees who had marched 700 miles through storms and winds, with “nothing but scraps on their backs.” Tur- kish soldiers, he says, have turned ban- dits, and there is no peace and so safety. . . On the same day another observer told of the death during the war of 160,000 children in two small Near East coun- tries, whose total population does not exceed 2,000,000. . A Vladivostok cablegram describes the pitiful plight of several thousand Russian children who were sent to the country to escape famine but were left stranded by the military operations. The American Red Cross is caring for some 1,200 of them at certain centers, but thousands more are “running wild in the Urals, subsisting on roots and what they can beg and living in a state approaching Savagery.” The Associated Press on February 5 reported the death in Petrograd from starvation of W. D. Childs, for many years chief representative of the Western Union Telegraph Company in Russia. Many other Americans have met similar death. These few items in the news of the week give a faint suggestion of the enor- mous relief problem that confronts the world. The Red Cross Magazine During the coming fortnight concerted effort will be be made throughout all the divisions to bring to the attention of members the desirability of confirming their subscriptions to the Red Cross Magazine. The plans for the magazine throughout the coming year include a marked advance in the range of subject- matter, a wide representation of best known writers, and a noteworthy advance in all phases of illustration. Fiction stories having to do with the most im- portant aspects of relief, both foreign and domestic, and a volume of most interest- ing material from all foreign countries where Red Cross activities are main- tained, will help to make the Red Cross Magazine a valuable possession in any home. f English Comment on Juniors “It is really marvellous! What can you do with a country where even the babies in kindergarten are mobilized?” This was the comment of an Englishman who saw some American Junior Red - Cross scrapbooks for soldiers in London. These scrapbooks were made in the kindergarten and lower grades of Junior Red Cross schools. An English news- paper says that “the jokes are excellently Selected, and indicate that the American school child has a keen sense of humor. The American soldier, far from home, will surely treasure the paste-stained scrapbook fully as much as the various more practical comforts which accom- pany it.” . T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN UNDER THE WHITE EAGLE The Story of Poland in Miniature By CONSTANCE WINIFRED STUMPE. As detailed in The Bulletin of last week, the American Red Cross has organized a commission to carry on relief work on a broad scale in Poland. The political prob- lems confronting the Poles in their efforts to establish a stable government, as well as the distress prevailing as a result of the war, are matters of intense world interest. This article will be helpful to a clearer understanding of the general situation. - )"; upon a time—as tales run, there came out of the East, three brothers, with their tribesmen, their goods and their cattle, driven thither by hostile neighbors on the south and east. And they followed the sunset for many days, going westward into a new and strange country. Lost in the mountains one day, Lech, the eldest brother, fol- lowed the flight of a great white bird that flew before him. Up in the Craggy mountain fastnesses, Lech came upon a nest of white eaglets. “This is a sign from the gods,” said Lech. “Here I will remain with my kinsmen and build our fires and pasture our cattle. The white eagle shall guard us.” So there in the broad and smiling val- ley of the Vistula, Lech and his fol- lowers remained. And they called the new land Lechovia and the white eagle was their emblem. * * * There is perhaps no more baffling problem, clamoring for adjustment at the peace table, than that of Poland, once ancient Lechovia—whose independence has just been recognized by the powers. To recreate Poland means to carve great slices from Russia, Austria and Ger- many, a country where Poles, Slavs, Czechs, Letts, Lithuanians, Ukranians, Germans, Jews and Austrians have min- gled; where the conquering nations have built cities, set up their governments, im- posed their laws. And now New Poland asserts itself and claims independence as a natural right, a right that fate has long denied her. A delicate piece of po- litical surgery for the statesmen of Ver- sailles! - Poland, in its halcyon days, between the tenth and eleventh centuries, ex- tended from the Baltic Sea to the Car- pathians. It included part of Saxony, all of Silesia and reached beyond the river Oder, nearly to the present site of the city of Berlin. But its prosperity was to be short-lived, as nations go; its future bloody and disastrous. Lying between jealous and rapacious neighbors, Poland has ever been exposed to invasion, from the Prussians on the west, from the Russians, Turks and Tar- tars on the east. It has been the coveted bone over which the war-dogs of Europe have fought for a thousand years. Poland boasts of many achievements in liberalism, although through misfor- tune, she was unable to preserve her po- litical unity and her history has been more or less obscure to the western world, through the obliteration of her identity as a nation. Her political union in 1413 with Lithuania, which lay to the north, was a free union unmarred by po- litical scheming or jealousies, brought about for mutual protection against the marauding Russians and Tartars. Poland was the first nation in the world to pro- vide for trial and legal conviction of offenders against the law, prior to im- prisonment. Her government, beginning with the early 16th century, was a virtual republic, under a king elected by the peo- ple and limited in power by law. Harassed by the Turks, who, in the 15th century, were sweeping over Aus- tria, Poland put up an heroic defense and saved Europe from Ottoman domination, earning the title of “the buckler of Christendom.” However, with the Ger- manic states in the throes of the Thirty Years War and anarchy rife in Russia, Poland could scarcely be expected to re- main tranquil. Anarchy was as conta- gious in those days as now. Bolshevism is not new. Opposing the revolt of the Cossacks, who had been useful servants of the Poles, in 1648, the Polish arms suffered a defeat from which they never rallied and which exposed the weakness of Poland to Russia and Sweden. Poland was reaching its lowest ebb. The one bright spot in this period is John Sobieski (John III, King of Poland, 1647-1696) who raised the seige of Vienna, menaced by the Turks. - Followed plunderous warfare on all sides; Swedes, Saxons and Russians overran the country and laid waste to its fields and cities. And then came Cathe- rine II upon the throne of Russia. Po- land lay helpless, surrounded by three great military monarchies. The first par- tition came in 1772, by which Russia took Vitebks, Polotsk and Mscislaw; Austria, Galicia, without Cracow, and Prussia, the maritime Palatinate, lying along the Baltic Sea, without Danzig, the Polish port on the Baltic and Kulm, with- out Thorn, and all the intervening terri- tory as far as Nitza and Marienburg, rob- bing Poland of one-fifth of her people and one-fourth of her territory. This marked the beginning of the end. The Poles made an heroic stand against Russia, under Kosciusko in 1791, but their triumph was but momentary. In 1793 Russia encroached still further upon Polish territory, annexing all the prov- inces from Livonia to Moldavia, while Prussia took Danzig and Thorn. Kos- ciusko, dauntless patriot, instigated a re- volt in 1794 and succeeded in recovering Wilno and Warsaw from Russia. Too late, however; Poland was crushed by strife and adverse fortune. The parti- tion of 1796, wiped out the remains of the once proud kingdom, and the boun- dary lines of Prussia, Russia and Aus- tria met over its grave. Cracow was oc- cupied by Austria in 1848, following an uprising, the last vain spurt of a crushed nation. - So, even if Poland had not suffered as she has in the recent war, with German and Russian armies swaying back and forth across her ancient plains, her men under enemy flags, pitted against each other, her women and children left home- less and starving—Poland has a long score to settle with the powers of middle Europe. Her conquerors have en- deavored to wipe out her nationalism, by suppressing the Polish language, des- troying her literature, ignoring her in- dividuality, strangling her very soul. But they who rule by fear, early or late, learn the lesson. Hate but feeds smolder- ing fires in the hearts of the oppressed and, once to every man, the day of days arrives. - - - Ignace Jan Paderweski, politician first, pianist second, represents united Poland, the fruition of vain dreams. He is seek- ing to create a strong and able state that may take its place among the powers. Has Poland’s day of days come at last? Will the blue and red flag with its white eagle float once more from the flagstaffs of Warsaw? Will Poland’s ships ply the Baltic and her influence be felt in the marts and politics of the world? - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HEROES BACK FROM PRISON Soldiers Liberated from German Camps Given Every Attention by the Red Cross Workers American soldiers, liberated from prison camps in Germany, are being lionized as they journey from the enemy frontier in the friendly camps and cities of Europe, sooner or later to take pas- f or The S a ge “home.” American Red Cross is doing everything in its power to make the days pleasant for the ex-prisoners and cause them to forget the misery of their in- carceration period. Large numbers of the ex-prisoners have reached London, where every attention is being given to their wants and to their comfort. One of the pictures on this page shows a large group just arrived from various German camps. They were photographed on the steps of American Red Cross Headquarters in London. Most of those in this party came out of Germany wear- ing British uniforms. Another picture presents a scene at the American hospital at Dartford, near Lon- don, where the returning prisoners found many of their comrades and friends and enjoyed a series of happy reunions. The center picture shows liberated American prisoners of war marching into Vichy, France, on their way from the German prison camp at Rastatt. Two thousand seven hundred prisoners were quartered in this camp. At all stages the American Red Cross has been the good fairy, ministering to the bodily comfort and keeping up the spirit of the soldiers falling into the hands of the enemy. Safe from the unspeak- able prison fare provided by the Ger- mans, by the food and clothing boxes forwarded to them by the American Red Cross, the men returning to freedom like- wise found the organization greeting them and caring for them as they emerged from their captivity. As soon as the armistice was signed American Red Cross workers in France pushed forward to the German frontier, sometimes in advance of the troops, es- tablishing emergency canteens for the wounded, travel-worn and hungry returning prisoners while in Switzerland the hordes of released me n too who in from Ger- many found poured food, cloth- in g a n d shelter pro- vided. It W a S. n. Ot long, also, before a ful- ly equipped s an it a ry train, ac- C O In In O- dating 480 s tº retch- e r C a Se S, Was Organ- ized by the American Red Cross to op- erate between Geneva and the prison camp at Rastatt, bringing out the wounded prisoners. A very large proportion of the re- leased prisoners were still suffering from their wounds, so rushing doctors, nurses and medical supplies forward was one of the most urgent tasks. Searchers, too, went into the hospitals where wounded prisoners were found and many a first message home and re- port on the condition of the released man came through these workers. An instance of the faith of the men in the organization was found at the Langensalza prison camp. When the German authorities threw open the camp and told the prisoners they were free, the leaders of the Americans established an armed guard over the camp and an- nounced that any who attempted to leave before the American Red Cross arrived to arrange for their repatriation would be shot. But they had not long : to wait. - At Treves, through which thousands of Allied prisoners were coming home, the Red Cross entered before the occu- pying army, establishing a large can- teen and sending six mobile hospital units forward into Ger- many. Hospital sup- plies, food and tobacco were rushed to St. Clemens Hospital, Metz, where the wounded were arriving and 4,000 blankets were sent to Nancy where repatriated men were suffering from intense cold. BACK FROM PRISON CAMPS IN GERMANY Five tons of food went to Stenay in one consignment and at Revigny a big can- teen was soon in operation. Nor were American soldiers the only ones cared for by the American Red Cross for, declared a writer in d'Eveil, “the first welcoming hand outstretched to the starved and weary French pris- oner as he crosses the frontiers is the American Red Cross, which has estab- lished a series of canteens for his reju- venation.” T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN CANTEENESCORTS ON TRAIN Accompany the Wounded from the Debarkation Points and Give Many Comforting Attentions “Canteen Escorts,” serving under the Bureau of Canteen Service in the Red Cross Department of Military Relief, now accompany all hospital trains leav- ing ports of debarkation on the Atlantic coast and between different army hos- pitals. They are for the most part volun- teers. The service has been in opera- tion for some months and has been highly commended by the Medical De- partment of the United States Army. Latterly it has taken in a special im- portance. The service consists of doing anything needed for the wounded on the journey. On the well-equipped, thoroughly manned, special hospital trains this re- solves itself into little more than com- panionship to the restless men. On the other hand, when no regular hospital trains are available ordinary Pullmans and even day coaches are pressed into service, and sometime, when railway con- nections and plans have failed, there is practically no equipment for caring for wounded or invalids. In such cases the members of the corps get in touch with local canteen headquarters for supplies needed to fill deficiencies. Among the things seen to are the supplying of fresh food, ice water, facilities for heating water, supplies of toilet articles and fur- nishing of games and amusements. The Canteen Escort, in short, is supposed on a moment’s notice to discover and cor- rect any oversights in the making of the trains by the railroad people. At all times the escort is in readi- ness to supplement the work of the doc- tors and orderlies accompanying the train. Proficiency in First Aid is one of the requirements and generally the workers have had experience in Home Dietetics and Home Nursing. The gen- eral plan contemplates the meeting of any emergency that arises. Examples of the great value of the service are to be found in reports made to National Headquarters by chapters in the eastern section of the country. For instance, a report from the South- western Pennsylvania Chapter states that on one day an escort was able to be of great service to the litter cases. “Boiled four eggs, made four cups of bouillon and four pieces of toast,” says the report. “Fed four men two meals, A. R. C. MILK DISTRIBUTION st ATION, PALERMO, ITALY SAVING BABIES IN ITALY Never was Palermo (Italy) so full of soldiers as it was last Christmastide. Wherever it was possible, leave was granted the men to pass the holidays with their families. Not only did the soldiers bring with them all the joy and triumph of victory, but, in countless cases, this joy was doubled by finding their children saved from the dangers of Spanish fever which threatened every home and caused the absent father more concern than the Austrian foemen. With this joy and gratitude for the safety of their little ones, the name of America is intimately connected. For in many a case where a child’s life had been saved from the threatening dis- ease, it is thanks to the energetic meas- ures taken by the American Red Cross. For over ten months it has had a milk distribution for needy soldiers' families. Since the epidemic this distribution has been greatly increased, and it is esti- mated that a thousand small children are helped every week and that hundreds of little lives have been saved in this Way. The picture above shows typical groups of Palermo citizens waiting for the daily distribution of American condensed milk outside the American Red Cross distri- bution station. And many a patient waiter recalls the fact that it was these American benefactors, who, during the dark days, had told them that it would "all come out right,” with patience and Courage. As a compliment to these “friends in need” more than one youngster learned the English equivalent of “Buon Natale,” (Merry Christmas). made beds. Our services were needed somewhere for someone every moment of the time between New York and Har- risburg.” “Were able to give a fracture pillow to a boy with an aching arm in a sling,” says the report for another day. “Se- cured a rubber air cushion for a boy with tubes in back into lungs, cushion with hole in center so tube could fit in hole. Supplied cold cream to a boy with a knee that had to have grease rubbed in and he had none and there was none on the train. Gave cough drops to a boy coughing incessantly. Helped a boy re- move “cage’ from leg. Made a dirty little pillow clean by covering with a handkerchief to put under ankle from which the splints had just been re- moved. Sent two telegrams. Litter pa- tients were pleased with the short story Red Cross books.” A high officer of the army recently stated that the “human touch,” which the Red Cross women are able to give on their hospital train journeys of some- times 200 miles at a stretch, is some- thing that is beyond the power of the best of surgeons in charge of the men, and makes the service incomparably valuable. Quantities of Red Cross hospital gar- ments, for which there is no use now in France, are being diverted to needy refugees returning to their homes. T H E P E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN RED CROSS TO THE RELIEF OF ALLIED PRISONERS Will Assist Governments in Aiding Starved Russians and Others and Send Commission to Berlin to Direct the Work At the request of Gen. Pershing, the American Red Cross has appointed a Commission to cooperate with the Inter- Allied Commission for the “feeding, care and repatriation of Russian prisoners of war in Germany.” The Inter-Allied body was provided for by the Governments participating in the Armistice conference, and is now established in Berlin. The Red Cross has already formulated plans for placing at the disposal of the Commission a personnel experienced in relief work, and large stores of clothing, medical and surgical supplies, and food for sick and convalescent prisoners. The Red Cross will concern itself chiefly in supplying articles of the nature men- tioned, and an organization which, added to that furnished by the British Red Cross and other Red Cross societies, can inspect the prison camps and superintend the distribution of supplies. The Com- mission will give particular attention to the care and relief of sick prisoners, the number of whom exceeds 100,000. The Red Cross organization, which be- gins work this week, is composed of about thirty-five men, and will be headed by Major Carl Taylor, U. S. A., who has been released from the Army to direct the functions of the Red Cross mission. The headquarters of the Red Cross commission for the Relief of Russian Prisoners will be in Berlin. As there are more than 200 camps in Germany at which Russian prisoners are held, the Red Cross plans to send representatives on tours of investigation after which men will be located as needed in various parts of Germany. At one time, Germany re- ported 1,100,000 prisoners in its camps, but by deaths and releases this number is now supposed to have been reduced to about 800,000. Owing to lack of medi- cal attention, and the fact that the Rus- sian prisoners are receiving hardly 50 per cent of the amount of nutriment nec- essary to keep an unemployed person alive, the death rate among them has been very high. The death rate has also been increased by bad sanitary condi- tions. The Russian Government is un- able to provide food or care for its peo- ple, and has made no provisions for their repatriation. Besides medical, surgical, clothing and convalescent food supplies, the Red Cross will furnish hospital equipment and doc- tors. The staff which will accompany Major Taylor includes eight doctors ex- perienced in relief work. The Red Cross, which, it is expected, will have the largest representation of any of the auxiliary relief organizations, plans to ship its supplies from three dif- ferent points. Its storehouses in Eng- land will send some of the material al- ready on hand, replenishing these re- sources from America for transship- ment to Germany by the way of Copen- hagen, where the Red Cross already has a depot which will be the headquarters of the Red Cross supply service. A ship- ment of 2,500 tons of supplies has been loaded on the steamer Nero, which will sail from England to Copenhagen this week. It is expected that a second steamer, which has been released to the Red Cross by the U. S. Navy, will sail from Eng- land in two weeks loaded with clothing, medicines and surgical supplies. From the Red Cross in Switzerland, where sup- plies were originally accumulated for the relief of American prisoners in Germany, supplies will be sent overland. The suf- ferings of the Russians, who at least for a time fought the cause of the Allies, are so acute and call so pathetically for as- sistance that the aid of the American Red Cross could not properly be denied. The War Council has appropriated $1,000,000 for the prisoner relief work in Germany. “Commandant” of Prisoners Thirteen months in German prison camps qualifies Sergeant Edgar M. Haly- burton, of Stony Point, N. C., to speak authoritatively of German treatment of American prisoners. His testimony is emphatic on two points, namely, that the food served by the Germans “was no better than slop” and that the pack- ages of food sent by the American Red Cross saved the day. So well did Halyburton stand with his American fellow prisoners that 2,700 of them elected him “Commandant” of the camp at Rastatt. He got in touch with the American Red Cross, at Berne, Switzerland, and in his own words, “Red Cross boxes began to arrive regularly once a week, though the Huns stole a percentage of each shipment.” “The Red Cross is wonderful,” ex- claimed Halyburton, when he reached Vichy, France, after the armistice was signed. “They kept us so well supplied that a prisoner receiving his weekly box never needed to touch the German slop.” The 16th Infantry, to which Sergeant Halyburton belonged, was among the first American units to go into action. He was captured November 3, 1917, in a trench raid and first was sent to the prison camp at Tuechel, which he de- scribes as a “hell-hole.” Later the Amer- icans were sent to Rastatt. In a letter written by Colonel W. L. H. Godson, U. S. Cavalry, military at- taché at the United States 1egation at Berne, to Sergeant Halyburton, the SERGT. E. M. HALYBURTON colonel states that he is recommending him for a commission in the regular army, because of his services to his country while a prisoner of war in Ger- many. Halyburton has been in the regu- lar army nine years, and it was a unique distinction to be made “Commandant” of a prison camp by the voluntary choice of the doughboys. Donation to French Hospital The Red Cross War Council has voted a donation of $50,000 to the hospital at Luzaney, France, which is being oper- ated under the supervision of the Amer- ican Women’s Hospital Association. sºng- * * cºal &ze The Vol. III , , º, Red, Cross WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 17, 1919 TO PREACH HEALTH GOSPEL Red Cross Nurses from Overseas Will Conduct Educational Campaign in Chautauqua Season To “preach the gospel of public health”—this is the idea of a campaign which the American Red Cross Depart- ment of Nursing will conduct during the coming summer through the medium of the Chautauqua circuits. Thirty or more Red Cross nurses who recently have returned from duty in the European theaters of war will be assigned to the principal circuits throughout the country. The influenza epi- demic, which has in- - how this nurse gives hourly nursing care to the patients in her district who may require it. It will be shown how the nurse may conduct inspection of school children, organize committees to improve local sanitation and general health con- dition, instruct mothers in the care of babies and small children so that infant mortality may be reduced to the mini- mum; how she fights epidemics and the increasing menace of tuberculosis, and in every way possible directs the energy and attention of the neighborhood toward establishing a high order of community health. In addition to urging communities to volved the loss of 340,000 lives in the United States alone, has emphasized the necessity for greater future interest in public health nurs- ing. The need for greater interest in this matter also has been brought out by the fact that 800,000 men were rejected in the army draft on account of physical disqualification. Sev- enty-five per cent of the disqualifica- tion thus brought to light was caused by preventable diseases. The abnormally high death rate among babies is also a mat- ter for earnest con- sideration in connection with the general public health question. Because the Chautauqua itineraries offered unsual opportunities to reach communities most in need of public health work—towns and rural districts with an average population of from 5,000 to 15,000—the Department of Nursing hit upon them as a splendid means of conducting a health campaign. From the nurses assigned to the Chau- tauqua platform, people of hundreds of communities will learn many interesting forms of social service which are em- braced in the duties of a public health nurse. It will be shown, for instance, PROCESSION ESCORTING PRESIDENT WILSON PASSING FORMER A. R. C. HEAD- QUARTERS IN PARIS, NOW HEAD QUARTERS OF AMERICAN PEACE DELEGATION employ a public health nurse, the Red Cross nurses on the Chautauqua circuits will endeavor to interest women and girls to take the Red Cross courses of instruction in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, and Home Dietetics, in or- der that they may be better prepared to maintain the health of their families to the highest possible degree, and to nurse members of their own households in time of minor illness and epidemic. The nurses in the Chautauqua cam- paign will be announced as representa- tives of the Red Cross Department of Nursing, and there will be accompanying (Concluded on page 6.) BEAUTIFULTASK OF FUTURE Retiring War Council Chairman Ex- tols Qualifications of Dr. Far- rand as Successor Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, who is now in France, authorizes the following statement regarding the transition from a war to a peace basis: “At the outset the Central Committee of the American Red Cross voted prac- tically to place the conduct of the affairs of the organization during the war in the hands of a War Council to be appointed - by the President of the United States. The War Council was to serve until such time following the cessation of hos- tilities as the Cen- tral C om m i t t e e might determine. “Special conditions for which the War Council was created are now being fol- lowed by a peace emergency which must be met with a well-considered and experienced perma- n ent organization. The War Council has, therefore, indi- cated to the Presi- dent, Woodrow Wil- son, and William H. Taft, who is chairman of the Central Committee, its opinion that the existence of the War Council should be terminated on Feb- ruary 28, and that the management of the affairs of the American Red Cross should again be assumed by the usual constituted Central Committee and Ex- ecutive Committee of the organization. “It is expected that at the annual meet- ing of the American Red Cross, shortly to be held, such action will be taken by the Central Committee. Conferences with the President and also with Mr. Taft have shown that they were both in hearty accord with the view of the War Council that, as the operation of the American Red Cross has now grown to T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN be of such magnitude, the chairman of the Central Committee (who is ex-offi- cio chairman of the Executive Commit- tee) should in fact be permanent execu- tive head of the organization, devoting his whole time to this work. This offi- cer is, under the charter of the Red Cross, appointed by the President. In accordance, therefore, with the charter of the American Red Cross, the Presi- dent has appointed Dr. Livingston Far- rand as chairman of the Central Com- mittee of the American Red Cross and ex-officio chairman of the Executive Committee. “With this appointment the American Red Cross War Council is in enthusi- astic accord. We do not believe that a man could be picked out who is better suited for the very important and beau- tiful task which awaits the American Red Cross of the future. Dr. Farrand has character, eminent qualities as an executive and as a leader, and together with his long experience in matters con- nected with public health, education and other activities on behalf of human wel- fare, an almost unique combination of qualifications for this very important office. The War Council, whose efforts have been so marvelously supported by the people throughout the war, is con- fident that Dr. Farrand and the organi- zation he will develop around him will receive the same kind of support from the men and women of the whole coun- try. “The members of the War Council have indicated to Dr. Farrand that any and all of them will at all times be happy to give him every assistance. Confer- ences have already been held with Dr. Farrand in France, where he is thor- oughly familiar with the work of the American Red Cross. The efforts of the American Red Cross will go on without abatement in all parts of the world where it is now working and the transi- tion from a war to a peace basis will be a step in the direction of efficiency and continued effort rather than towards re- striction on any endeavor to which the Red Cross would naturally direct itself. “Many business men and women who, during the war have served their coun- try through voluntary effort with the American Red Cross, remain with the organization and will continue to do so for some time. The American Red Cross has mobilized the heart and spirit of the American people, has an oppor- tunity possessed by no other organiza- tion in the world, and it will, be believe, KERMEss for BENEFIT of A. R. C. AT GUADALAJARA, MEXICO continue to be an expression of the finest and noblest side of American life. “Dr. Farrand, the new Chairman of the Central Committee, became Presi- dent of the University of Colorado, January 1, 1914. He was graduated from Princeton in 1888; and in 1891 from the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He studied later in Cambridge, England, and Berlin, specializing in anthropology and psychology and afterwards came to be known as an authority on matters of pub- lic health. In 1905 he became the execu- tive secretary of the National Associa- tion for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. He was also treasurer of the American Public Health Associa- tion.” Mr. Davison, chairman of the War Council, is now a member of the Execu- tive Committee, and it is expected that he and several other members of the War Council will be members of that body as constituted in the future, the other members of the Executive Com- mittee being: William Howard Taft, Major General William C. Gorgas, Rear Admiral William C. Braisted, Franklin K. Lane, Miss Mabel T. Boardman, Robert W. De Forest and Charles D. Norton. The other members of the War Council are: George B. Case, Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., George E. Scott, Jesse H. Jones, William H. Taft, ex-officio, and Eliot Wadsworth, ex-officio. The Red Cross in France is supplying coal to the returning refugees. Cosmopolitan South America There is an unique organization doing spirited work among the foreign colonies in the South American city of Monte- video, capital of Uruguay. They have called it the Inter-allied Red Cross and it is made up of Americans, Britons, French, Italians and Belgians living in Montevideo, all of whom manage to sub- stantially contribute to their respective Red Cross societies through their local war-time organization. Recent results of a subscription and benefit netted $65,000 each, for the Brit- ish, American, French, Italian and Bel- gian Red Cross, the funds being divided equally. Plans are being made for a Red Cross fair to be held in the spring, in which the British and American Red Cross will join hands. Will Direct Chapter Production Miss Ina Taft, who for the past year has served as superintendent of gar- ments at Red Cross National Head- quarters, has been appointed director of the Bureau of Chapter Production of the Department of Development, to succeed Edward C. Crosssett, who has been made director of the department. H. R. Fardwell, of St. Louis, has been appointed assistant to the director gen- eral of the Department of Military Re- lief. He will take special charge of the activities relating to Red Cross service in the hospital reservations. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 SERVICES TOTAL MILLIONS Magnitude of Canteen Work Shown in Figures for One Month of Demobilization An idea of the magnitude of the can- teen service as now operated by the American Red Cross may be gained from the reports for the month of December, just compiled. During this one month the canteens report 2,339,000 canteen services per- formed at various railroad stations in the country; 36,160 sick men were aided en route at the first-aid stations in the can- teen huts, and 557 sick men were re- moved from trains and placed in hos- pitals. Tremendous quantities of supplies and food were distributed, including more than one million sandwiches, three and one-half million cigarettes, 100,000 pieces of reading matter, a million postcards, and 328,000 bars of chocolate. Ninety- six thousand meals were served free to the men in transit. Numerous articles, such as cakes, pies, ice cream cones, stamps, soap, matches, fruit, candy, etc., also were supplied in large quantities to the men, without cost. The Red Cross Canteen Service, which offers the final expression of apprecia- tion to the soldiers, sailors and marines on their journey back to civilian life, will continue throughout the country until the last of the troops are demobilized and returned to their own homes. The can- teens in the various cities and towns are e-G º be- enrolling all men as they arrive home and publishing the welcome-home roll in the local papers, so that their friends may be informed. Thousands of letters of appreciation are pouring into National Red Cross Headquarters from demobilized men en sº, sº º s º | | \ Tº º | WORKERS OF HAWAIIAN CHAPTER, A. R. C. route home, from returning wounded en route to hospitals and from debarking troops. The Hotels de Londres et Milan, and the Tuileries, Red Cross hostels in Paris, take care of 1,250 soldier-guests a day. º # | § - . º "I --- º N | º = - - RED CROSS WORKROOM, HAVANA, CUBA |Housing for Earthquake Victims Fifty one-story portable steel buildings have been made available for shelter for victims of the earthquake in Porto Rico last October. These portable buildings are in reserve stock, having been intended originally for the use of the Red Cross Commission for France, which now does not need them. The expenditures of the Porto Rican Red Cross Chapter have been very heavy of late, and it has not sufficient funds on hand to provide shel- ter for the people who lost their homes and possessions through the earthquake and tidal wave. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY - THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CRoss BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WoodRow WILSON . . . . . . . . . . . President ROBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS . . . . . . . . . Treasurer John W. DAVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AXSON . . . . . . . . . . .ecretary WILLIAM How ARD TAFT . . Chairman Central Committee ELIOT W A DSWORTH . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman GEORGE E. SCOTT . . . . . . . . . . . General Manager Red Cross War Council By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAvison, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. BLISS, J.R. JESSE II. Jon ES GEORGE E. SCOTT - GEORGE B. CASE - Ex Officio - WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSWORTH WASHINGTon, D.C., FEBRUARY 17, 1919 From War to Peace Formal announcement has been made of the retirement of the War Council of the American Red Cross on March 1, and the resumption by the Central Com- mittee of its normal function of directing the affairs of the organization. The tran- sition merely conforms to the conditions under which the War Council was cre- ated. - Passing from the war to the peace basis, however, does not mean that the American Red Cross reverts to its ante- bellum status. The Greater Red Cross which the war has developed is a per- manent thing. Tremendous problems of relief and reconstruction—using that term in no restricted sense—confront it. The new peace basis, as distinguished from the former peace basis, demands executive control by persons giving their full time and energy to the organization. The new organization, though, will have the benefit of the advice and experience of those who have borne the larger share of the responsibility during the war period, and under whose direction the society has grown to its present di- mensions. - * Every one of the men and women who have given their services to the great cause as volunteers during the last two years, it confidently may be asserted, lays down the burden to meet the Or- dinary duties of life with positive regret. The love of patriotic service that has been cultivated is something not easily cast aside. Nor will it cease as a prac- tical force, for that matter, by reason of the private vocations that again com- mand primary attention. The Red Cross spirit has been created never to perish; the solidarity of the Red Cross family is intensified. New personalities are brought into the leadership, but the or- ganization from top to bottom will re- - main a mighty instrument of carry-on endeavor. - - The estimate of the high character of the new leadership by the retiring exec- utive of the war organization, printed on another page, will be gratifying to the rank and file of the Red Cross, which also will find satisfaction in the declara- tion that the efforts of the American Red- Cross are to go on without abatement in all parts of the world # * * that still greater efficiency is to be the watch- word. On the Chautauqua Circuit The educational value of the American Chautauquas long has been appreciated by all persons with any message to de- liver or any cause to impress on the minds and hearts of the people. The De- partment of Nursing of the American Red Cross has a message of vital im- portance to the country, because it in- volves the better health of the popula- tion, and plans for making it ring in the public ear are being made in connection with the outdoor platform activities of the coming summer. Thousands of men and women who combine recreation and the acquisition of knowledge in the assemblies held an- nually under the Chautauqua auspices, will, during the summer of 1919, have opportunity to see and hear and profit from the experience of many nurses who have seen service over seas during the - world war. The health campaign thus - to be conducted will be valuable in many respects. In the first place it will be in- spiring to come in contact with the º women who have performed such heroic º service for country and humanity. Again, . the lessons from the nursing side of the great conflict may be conveyed to the lay folk in striking manner. Finally, the geon a cause of health education in general will be given a tremendous impetus. The health question is one of the most important among the domestic problems The work which the Red Cross Department of of the immediate future. Nursing has undertaken will go far towards its solution. All Around the Map Considerable space is given in this is- sue of The Bulletin to pictures showing the Red Cross spirit in outlying posses- sions of the United States, neighboring countries and more remote places in the world. The Red Cross today girdles the earth, not only in the matter of the relief work that is being done in the field wherever distress calls on humanity, but in the spirit of devotion which is exemplified in the home part of the endeavor. The women gathered in chapter workrooms throughout our own land should realize that their sisters in many other lands and climes are working simultaneously in the same world-wide cause. Glancing through these pages you will See women of Mexico giving a kermess for the American Red Cross; women of Cuba doing their bit in palatial environ- ment; the Hawaiian Chapter in action. You will see the picture of the Japanese Red Cross building in Tokio and may read something as well of the magnitude of the Red Cross organization in Japan. There is inspiration now, as there was during the months of war, in the visuali- zation of the world-encircling Red Cross as thus suggested, pictorially. The Archangel Hospital - Eighty patients, almost all of them Americans, are now receiving treatment at the American Red Cross base hos- pital, containing 100 beds, established in one of the most desirable buildings in Archangel. The hospital immediately adjoins a United States hospital, for military convalescents, and is considered to be equipped generally on a standard above that “ prevailing there. The sur- and nurses are doing an admirable Splendid cooperation has been given the new hospital by the chief surgeon of the United States forces. He has fur- nished orderlies and helped otherwise in many ways. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN BARKER, OF FLORIDA Lieutenant F. D. Barker, of Braden- town, Fla., A. R. C., was killed near Apremont, France, in October last, while helping to bury the American dead. An officer of the A. E. F. paid this remark- able tribute to him in a letter written to the Paris edition of The American Red Cross Bulletin: - “I am reminded of an incident which should be made known to the friends of one of your workers. I do not know the relatives of the man to whom I re- fer; I do not know his address. I am telling you, therefore, what I knew of him. “Barker was his name and he came from Florida. He told me that when I met him in the Toul sector and now that he is dead and gone, I know only that of him—Barker of Florida. “He had a little hut there in Raule- court well within view of the Boche lines and I never called on him—night or day —but what he must give me his best cot, a pair of pajamas, some slippers, an aromatic American cigar (he was a con- noisseur of cigars, was Barker), and some rare, rare candy. There weren’t many places along the line, I fancy, such as ‘chez Barker,’ for he was the most hos- pitable fellow in the world. “The division, of course, found that out, and when we were hustled into the ghastly Argonne, along came Barker with his little store of Red Cross goodies. “Barker is still there in the Argonne, buried deep in the bloody soil of France, old Barker, of Florida. A high explo- sive shell hit near the kitchen, wounded my mess sergeant and flung my com- pany clerk dead across the road. Bar- ker knew that the company clerk had on him considerable sums, which he was keeping for the doughboys who were still fighting up forward. Barker knew, too, that the doughboys would need those francs. One man was wounded trying to drag in the clerk's body and then Barker crawled along the shell-swept road to re- cover the corpse and the funds. Barker never got them. He was struck and fell there dead. The doughboys never got their francs. “I know that the Red Cross has done much good work. It has had lots of money which it has spent well. I have thanked you many times for many things from Barker's cigar to an easy chair in your Parisian Club. But I can never thank you enough for Barker and you will never have another like him. “Barker, of Florida! Good, grey- headed, hospitable old Barker, of Flori- da, I do not believe he is gone. Some day later on I shall see him again and we’ll talk over the same old books we talked about at Raulecourt.” More Aid for Palestine An appropriation of $250,000 has been made by the War Council to meet ur- gent needs in connection with the Red Cross relief work in Palestine and the Near East. This action was taken on the recommendation of Dr. John H. Finley, chairman of the Palestine and Near East Commission on his return to his post after a recent visit to America. QUEEN ELENA AS R. C. NURSE Queen Elena, of Italy, has been known to sit all night at the bedside of her fever-stricken sol- diers, writing their last message to their dear OneS. Aids Canadian Wounded With the permission of the United States Government wounded Canadian troops returning from England and France are to be landed at Portland, Me., and transferred via the Grand Trunk Railway across Maine and New Hamp- shire to their homes. This arrangement will cut many hours off their rail jour- ney. The Canadian soldiers are to have the benefit of the full canteen and motor ambulance service of the American Red Cross at Portland. The fight against infant mortality is being rigorously conducted in France, A SCRAP OF RIBBON August, 1914. The late days of Au- gust. The “Little Contemptibles” in re- treat. With the “Little Contemptibles” and under their protection, the inhabi- tants of Belgian villages, sleeping, eating, marching, bivouacking side by side with their protectors. For days, from the moment when he had appeared as her shield and champion, Marie-Claire had never left the big, si- lent Englishman. They ate and drank from the same mess-kit. At night his blanket covered her, while he went with- out. During the day they marched. In all the gloom and strain of that retreat, he remained unchanged. She saw him mounting guard, going without food, without sleep, at the business of war, going in and coming out of action. He was always the same. To Marie-Claire, too, he was always the same—gentle, respectful, chivalrous. In days like those, miracles were al- ways happening. In the heart of Marie- Claire, one happened—the miracle of love. - One day, after the battle, a General took from his coat the scarlet ribbon of the Legion of Honor and pinned it on the tunic of a British private. Marie- Claire heard the big man beside her catch his breath. “I’d give my life-blood for such a bit of ribbon,” he said. Marie-Claire looked at him. There was light like a glare on his face and a bayonet-flash in his eyes. In that moment, Marie-Claire, was glad, for she had read his heart’s desire. At the Marne, she lost him. Then, a comrade straggling into the village where she had taken refuge, and told her the last of him. No line, no cross, above him. No scarlet symbol for him. His only the glory that was the Marne. Two years later. After Verdun. A Belgian nurse stands before a General at the prise d’armes and received along with the salute, a red ribbon for her wearing. She hears of her devotion and daring in the dark days at Verdun, from the General’s lips. For the words that he reads she substituted others. An English breakfast table. A foreign letter. The white-haired mother opens the letter and first curiously takes out of the tissue-paper a bit of scarlet ribbon with a cross attached. Wondering, she reads: “I want you to know, this is not mine, but his. This ribbon is his life-blood. My life is only his monument.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Nursing Plans for the Balkans Nine hospitals, with a total nursing staff of approximately fifty Red Cross nurses, are being organized in Northern Serbia by the Red Cross Commission to the Balkans. A letter from Miss Helen Scott Hay, chief nurse of the Red Cross Commission to the Balkans, states in general the plan which is now under organization. A hospital of 100 to 200 beds will be established immediately in Belgrade, un- der Dr. George de Tarnowski. Miss Harriet Leete, who went overseas in the first base hospital unit of the Red Cross Nursing Service in 1916, will be in charge of the nurses. Two additional hospitals, with a capacity of approximately 150 beds, are also under process of organiza- tion for other larger cities in northern Serbia. - “In towns of 10,000 to 20,000 inhabi- tants,” writes Miss Hay, “we are also to have at least five or six smaller hospitals of fifty beds each. The work here will be under the direction of the head nurse assisted by nurses for traveling dispen- sary work and for visiting nursing in the immediate localities. This will be, in my opinion, by far the most interest- ing of all our activities.” Miss Rachel Torrance, of New York, who with Miss Hay was decorated by the Bulgarian Government “for splendid work done in their profession” with the Red Cross Commission in 1916, and who has been chief nurse of the American Red Cross in Great Britain, will be in charge of one of these smaller units, and Miss Caroline Robertson and Miss Mariette Wilsey will head others. A group of thirteen Red Cross nurses, in charge of Miss Georgia Greene, a graduate of the Hospital for Women and Children, Boston, will be sent to Monte- negro, and an additional unit of ten nurses especially trained in public health and obstetrical work is now being or- ganized for Greece. “One of the most important phases of the work,” concluded Miss Hay, “will be the instruction of women and girls in obstetrical nursing, home hygiene and home sanitation. The vitality and re- serve strength of many of the nations of Europe has been undermined by the in- sufficient food, the lack of medical and nursing care, and the countless depriva- tions and horrors of war. With recon- struction will have to come also an up- building of national strength, and there is almost unlimited opportunity for ser- vice in health education.” To Preach Health Gospel (Concluded from page 1.) publicity in the form of posters, pam- phlets and whatever may be necessary to assist in carrying the message. As the nurses in question will be under contract to the Red Cross rather than to the Chautauqua organizations, the coopera- tion of every Red Cross chapter, branch and auxiliary on the various circuits is urged. With the object of turning the inter- est and enthusiasm which the nurses may arouse into practical public health and educational work, the Red Cross plans to follow up the platform lectures with some definite kind of division organiza- tion. In towns, however, where there al- ready are public health activities, no effort other than cooperation on the part of the Red Cross will be made, and any contributions for public health work which the Red Cross nurses may raise will be turned over to the public health organizations already existing in the re- spective communities. In communities where there are as yet no definite organizations affiliated with na- tional health organizations, the Red Cross nurses assigned to Chautauqua work will be associated with the local Red Cross Chapter committees on nursing activi- ties, now under organization in the divi- sion offices, and some definite plan of follow up work will be carried out through the divisions. The details of this program are now being worked out. “For four years,” states Miss Jane A. Delano, Director of the Department of ULGARIAN Prº ISONERS UNLOADING A. R. C. SUPPLIES AT SALONIKI the American Red Cross, “wherever the armies of America and Europe have gone, the Red Cross nurse has followed. Now that peace is within sight she is still the most-needed woman, and it is her privilege to lead in the nation-wide crusade against the ignorance and ne- glect which allow epidemics and prevent- able disease to drain the vitality and even the lives of our citizens. To every loyal Red Cross member comes the direct challenge to help her in this constructive fight for freedom.” More Kind Words “You should feel proud to be with such a wonderful institution as the American Red Cross,” writes a sergeant of head- quarters company, Eleventh Regiment, United States Marine Corps, A. E. F., to a friend of the headquarters staff of the Red Cross. “No service man in France has anything but the highest praise for all that the Red Cross has done both here and at home.” The sergeant, who is a well-known western mining engineer in civil life, is doing military police duty in Tours. His ‘beat” embraces the American Red Cross canteen there, and of this he writes: “This particular canteen has to do prin- cipally with casuals—men not attached to an organization—in many cases, men going from hospitals to seaports for em- barkation. Everything possible is done for the boys en route and, unless you are an eye witness of the operations, you simply can not have any idea of how much the ‘touch of home’ is appreciated.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN April Red Cross Magazine Brimming with intensely informative special articles, appealing fiction, illus- trations, verse, and facts on humanity’s forward march, the April number of The Red Cross Magazine is one that should find its way to every library table. The cover, in colors, by Mora, por- traying an American doughboy, romp- ing with two tiny “buddies” is a com- pelling picturing of how the Big Brother in our fighters won the eternal devotion of all little ones their travels led them to. “Peter's Flowers,” a poem by Gene Stratton Porter, reveals the full tender- ness of the heart of a girl for her sweet- heart dead on the field of honor. “The Death Train,” by Rudolph Buke- ley, a Red Cross man’s eye-witness ac- count of the appalling plight of hopeless, dying prisoners dragged in a filthy, jammed train half across Siberia, reveals a startling picture of the times upon which Russia has fallen. The diseased, the dying and the dead, men, women and children huddled together indiscrimi- nately, hurling to no one knows where, there was but one shaft of light reliev- ing the terrible scene. The first case of Red Cross supplies that helped save the lives of many was from Mr. Buke- ley’s own Hawaii. “Oh, you dear, dear women of Honolulu,” exclaimed the writer. “When the miserable prisoners saw the Red Cross on the garments many of them broke down and wept and pointed to the Red Cross on my collar and hat.” Out of the gloom the reader is led to light by a blind man! A vivid interview with the sightless British publisher, Sir Arthur Pearson, tells how the blind win in spite of their handicap. “Housekeeping in Khaki” tells new things about that mammoth housewife, the Quartermaster’s Department of the American Army. In “On the Rhine,” Francis Bellamy, describing his trip to the German frontier gives a close-up of FAMOUS CASINO AT WICHY, NOW AN A. R. C. CLUB FOR SOLDIERS that storied stream and all that it means. From fact to fiction journeys the reader, but a strong lesson in Americani- zation goes with “The Sons of John Swanson,” by George Madden Martin. Two brilliant color pages show the Red Cross badges of honor that have been awarded for faithful service, and then the reader gleans some eye-opening facts on the real physical condition of the American people in an article by Mr. DISTRIBUTING NEWSPAPERS FROM HOME TO BOYS IN FRANCE Woods Hutchinson, based on what ex- amination for the draft revealed. “Plot- ting the Air Lanes” forecasts the use- ful development of aviation in peace and then come two pages of Americanisms by Patrie, the New York State educator who has obtained remarkable results in instilling patriotism in children. In “England Taking Off Her War Coat,” Edward Hungerford describes the progress John Bull is making in return- ing to normal and in “Shock” Emily Robbins tells of astonishing phenomena war surgery has revealed. A particularly timely contribution is Prof. Hazen's authoritative article on the history and emergence into nationality of the Jugo Slavs. Then Burgomaster Max, that doughty, unflinching Belgian, tells why Germany kept him under lock and key for over four years. A strong fiction story of a mother and the war by Ruth Dunbar concludes the list save for the regular departments, “From Head- quarters to You,” “Strong Life—Long Life,” and “The March of the Red Cross.” The April is an issue you can ill af- ford to miss. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE FURLOUGH OF CORPORAL SITTLER As Related in the Matter-of-Fact Report of the Red Cross Worker Who Took Him on a Visit to His Dying Father Official reports, generally speaking, are not as thrilling as a short story by a popular writer. There are exceptions, though. This is one of them. It is the report made to the Red Cross Depart- ment of Military Relief by L. O. Fossum, of the A. R. C. field director's staff, Hoboken, N. J., on “Corporal Frank M. Sittler, 4th Div., 39th Inf., Co. E.” It tells with the eloquence of plain narra- tion, a story of pathos and joy—just one of the instances where the Red Cross, ever on the alert to serve, and always spurred to greater enthusiasm when ap- parently insurmountable obstacles ap- pear, puts the silver lining on the cloud of sorrow. - Here is the report, exactly as written: “Corporal Sittler, who was wounded in the Argonne forest, France, in the lat- ter part of October, receiving several machine gun bullets through both legs close to the ankles, causing a compound fracture of both legs, returned on the S. S. La France, December 24, 1918, and was taken to Debarkation Hospital No. 5, Grand Central Palace, Lexington Ave- nue and 45th Street. “On January 10, 1919, he received a telegram that his father at Wheaton, Illinois, was seriously ill and was not ex- pected to live. Corporal Sittler, though perfectly well physically, was not able to stand on his feet the least. His wounds were still open. “When the state of affairs at his home became known to the New York County Chapter, A. R. C., Mrs. Watson of the Canteen Service investigated matters and decided to assist him home on a five days' pass, if it could be secured. Several ladies volunteered as escorts, as they thought they might have to take him on a stretcher. “On the 13th of January, 1919, Mr. Ellis Russell, field director Military Re- lief, Hoboken, N. J., was asked if he could spare a man from his office to un- dertake the journey. Although all his men were very busy, he immediately de- cided to make the sacrifice and asked me to go. I volunteered and started out at once and, assisted by Mrs. Watson, had papers and all arrangements made, and took the 5.30 P.M. train for Chicago. “I had to carry him on my back off and on the trains, and everywhere he was to go on the train or elsewhere, and care for him in every way as a bed pa- tient, and also dress his wounds. “The Military Relief, A. R. C., Chicago, Ill., was notified by wire and had a wheel- chair and ambulance ready at the Twelfth Street Station. Mrs. Harvey and Mrs. Small, canteen ladies of the Chicago Chapter met us. We were entertained at the canteen about one-half hour dur- ing transfer to the Northwestern Depot. Everything that could be done to make him comfortable, was done. “At his home town, Wheaton, Ill., a thousand people or more met us at the Depot with a drum corps, and carrying flags of all the Allies. Corporal Sittler was put in a wheelchair which was lifted into a bob-sled, and thus, preceded by the drum corps and the multitude, the journey continued to his home two miles into the country. “Corporal Sittler found his home in a much poorer condition than he had ex- pected. His oldest brother (age 24), had recently died from the influenza; his youngest brother (age 14), was sick in bed with inflammatory rheumatism, and his father, for whose sake he had come home, was hardly conscious enough to recognize him. In a home without a mother (she having died 12 years ago), with two sick persons, and no nurse, only a young sister to do the work and nursing, Corporal Sittler could not ex- pect any care from anybody but me. I stayed with him night and day. The neighbors came in in turn and stayed up nights with the dying father. I could not stay more than five days, although he could have stayed ten, by his furlough papers. But he was satisfied and so were they. They had seen each other, and it was a great relief to them all. “We started back Monday noon, Jan- uary 20th, arriving at Grand Central Palace, Tuesday night at 8 o’clock. I took him to floor 9, Ward A, put him on his bed, and left him in the care of his nurse. The journey was tiresome, the task difficult and the responsibilities were heavy, but I am glad I did it.” THE RED CROSS SOCIETY OF JAPAN The picture above is of the building of the Japanese Red Cross, in Tokio. The Japanese Red Cross has more than a mil- lion and a half members, each of whom pays into the organization at least three yen (about $1.50) a year and enrolls for ten years. - The organization in Japan had its real start in 1889. Five years later there was a membership of 160,000 and the patri- monial fund was about $2,000,000. As a result of the war with China the mem- bership in 1898 rose to 570,000 and the annual income approximated $800,000. In 1891 there was the solemn dedica- tion of the luxurious hospital at Naka- vaiska, where the Japanese Red Cross, in time of peace, prepares its doctors and nurses. An appeal to the women of the empire to enroll as nurses was made. During the Japanese-Chinese war the women of high caste, under the direction of Princess Romatzn, made linen gar- ments for 1,300 persons. Llº- d Cross Bulletin Vol. III - - * - ºwiv. of º' washington, d. c. February 24, 1919 RED CROSS NOW ORGANIZED FOR GREAT PEACE PROGRAM Officers and Committees for the “Carry On” work Are Chosen at an Adjourned Session of the An adjourned session of the annual meeting of the American Red Cross was held at the National Headquarters in Washington, February 15, at which the officers and commit- tees to carry on the Red Cross work on the retirement of the War Council, March 1, were selected. Or- ganization now has been practically com- pleted for the peace administration, a fu- ture which involves services and respon- sibilities no less im- portant than those which have been car- ried on during the period of America’s participation in the world war. While the War Council transfers its executive functions to the Central Com- mittee provided for in the Red Cross charter, four of its members will remain with the organization as members of the Commit- tee. They are: Henry P. Davison of New York, Eliot Wads- worth of Boston, Cornelius N. Bliss, Executive Jr., of New York, and George E. Scott º - of Chicago. N D r . Livingston FREPEºck C. Nouvºe. Ot Farrand, formerly President of the University of Colorado, who recently was appointed chairman of the Central Committee of the Red Cross, succeeding former President Taft, assumed his new office on the day of the adjourned an- nual meeting. He will be ex-officio chairman of the Executive Commitee, the active governing body of the Red Cross. National officers were elected on Feb- °o-2 PROMINENT FIGURES IN THE NEW ORGANIZATION 9 AUGU5T 2% eturnotºr Annual Meeting of the Society ruary 15 as follows: President, Wood- row Wilson; vice-presidents, William H. Taft and Robert W. De Forest, of New York; treasurer, John Skelton Williams, ºf 0 º ºf 0 \ % O O WILLOV)G)-\ºr \}/OLL) tº G . DS LVINK's TON FAR RAND . Comptroller of the Treasury; counsellor, Alexander King, solicitor general of the United States; Axson. The Central Committee is composed of members appointed by the President, and of others elected by the board of incorporators of the Red Cross, and by the Chapter delegates to the annual secretary, Dr. Stockton * * ºs - ‘’s co °oc meeting. The following appointments by President Wilson were announced: Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman; Willoughby Walling of Chicago, vice- chairman; Robert Lansing, Secretary of State, to represent the Department of State; John Skelton Williams to repre- sent the Treasury Department; Major General Merritt W. Ireland, Surgeon General U. S. A., to represent the War N | / O Department; Rear Admiral William C. Braisted, Surgeon º General U. S. N., to 2 wood N represent the Navy Department; Alex- *. ander King to rep- % resent the Depart- ment of Justice. Members of the Central Committee º "/ elected by the board … “Cº.4% of incorporators of the Red Cross are: M is S M a be 1 T. Boardman, Wash- ington; John Bassett Moore, New York; Judge W. W. Mor- row, San Francisco; John D. Ryan, Mon- tana; Mrs. Frank V. o Hamm ar, and º - George E. Scott, * Chicago. The new | o members of this º *º group are Mrs. Hammar and Mr. Scott. Members of the Central Committee elected by Chapter delegates are: Cor- nelius N. Bliss, Jr., New York; John M. Glenn, New York; Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior; Eliot Wads- worth; Chas." D. Norton of New York; and Henry P. Davison of New York. The Executive Committee, which is a sub-committee of the Central Com- T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L ET IN mittee, chosen by the latter, was consti- tuted as follows: Dr. Livingston Far- rand, ex-officio; Major General Ireland, Read Admiral Braisted, Secretary of the Interior Lane, Henry P. Davison, Eliot Wadsworth; Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., and George E. Scott. Three women of prominence were elected members of the board of incor- porators to fill vacancies caused by death. They are: Mrs. Leonard Wood, wife of General Wood, Fort Riley, Kan- sas; Mrs. Joseph M. Cudahy, Chicago; and Mrs. August Belmont, New York. Mrs. Belmont has served as assistant to the War Council for several months. Following the election of officers and the naming of committees at the annual meeting, various administrative changes in the Red Cross organization were announced, the prin- cipal ones being as follows: Frederick C. Munroe, of Sa- lem, Massachusetts, general manager to succeed George E. Scott; Dr. Guy E. Snavely, assistant manager in the Southern Division, assistant to the gen- eral manager; L. J. Hunter of New York, deputy comp- troller of the Red Cross, comptroller; J. Byron Deacon, of Philadelphia, acting director-general of the Department of Civilian Relief. One of the fea- tures of the annual meeting was the report of the organization for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, prepared and submitted by Eliot Wadsworth, acting chairman of the War Council in the ab- sence of Mr. Davison, who is now in Europe. The rapid and tremendous growth of the Red Cross during the year, its expansion from a domestic relief organization to one whose shel- tering arm was extended to more than a score of countries is given considera- ble space in the report. Explaining this growth Mr. Wadsworth says: “As the war spirit of the nation grew during these twelve months the Red Cross spirit grew with it. As millions of our young men went into the army to give their all, if need be, on the bat- MAJOR GENERAL IRELAND tlefields, the overwhelming desire of those who had to stay at home, par- ticularly the women, to do their part, found its outlet in Red Cross work for the relief of our armies and of humanity at large. “To report convincingly on the ac- complishments of this organization, com- prising many millions of volunteer workers, is possible only through the use of statistics and figures. Overshad- owing such a report, however—and much more potent and impressive—appears the spirit and self-sacrifice of all the classes of a nation at war. The work accom- plished by the American Red Cross is the tangible expression of the sympathy of a great and practical people aroused to intense action.” Central and Executive Committees Outstanding events of the year were the first great enrollment in December, 1917–America’s first Christmas at war— which brought the Red Cross member- ship to 22,000,000, and the second war fund drive during the week of May 20- 27, 1918. This latter campaign was one of the most intensively organized drives of the whole war period, its opening day being signalized by 2,000 Red Cross parades in as many parts of the coun- try, the demonstration in New York participated in by 70,000 men and women being led by President Wilson. Every possible medium of publicity was used to acquaint the people of the country with the need for supporting the Red Cross with the result that the $100,- 000,000 asked for was oversubscribed by REAR ADMIRAL BRAISTED ~" -- ºr The Surgeon General of the Army and the Surgeon General of the Navy are members of the Red Cross many millions, as was the first war fund drive in 1917. Contributions to the sec- ond war fund drive reported up to and including January 31, 1919, totaled $181,- 623,106, more than eighty-eight per cent of which has been collected, according to the report. The sending of Red Cross commis- sions to France, Russia, Great Britain, Italy, Rumania, Servia, Belgium, Pales- tine and Switzerland were among the big accomplishments of the year. Another important event was the re- organization of the Red Cross under a plan of decentralization in September, 1917, this move being made necessary to meet conditions growing out of the tre- mendous increase of the organization and the spreading of its activities to the most part of the country. The work of the or— ganization is now carried on through remote fourteen divisions, thirteen of which cover the United States, the fourteenth having jurisdiction over chapters in ter- ritorial and insular possessions a n d chapters organized by Americans in countries. Each division has its own manager and foreign follows in a general way the organization at National Head- quarters in Wash- ington Division managers operate under the direction of the general manager of the organiza- tion. The report shows that at the end of the fiscal year 8,512 workers were em- ployed in an administrative capacity at national, divisional and foreign head- quarters of the Red Cross. Of this num- ber 1,955 were volunteers, 6,234 paid, and 323 unclassified, the exact status of the latter at the time the report was com- piled not having been determined. These figures do not take into consideration the more than 8,000,000 volunteer women workers employed in Red Cross work- rooms during the year nor the more than 50,000 women volunteers who serve in the 700 Red Cross canteens which are located along the railroad lines of the (Concluded on page 8.) WHO’S WHO IN PEACE PERSONNEL Retiring General Manager, in Letter, Introduces the New Executives of - the American Red Cross In a letter addressed to the various division managers, George E. Scott, the retiring general manager of the Red Cross, announcing the personnel changes in the organization, gives brief sketches of some of those who will fill the prin- cipal positions in the carrying out of the peace program. The letter, after giv- ing a list of the officers chosen at and subsequent to the annual meeting of the Red Cross, is as follows: “This in my judgment is the very best slate that could possibly have been made up. Supported by the heads of the various departments and bureaus, there will be the strongest kind of an oper- ating organization and the members of the Executive Committee will be the best possible advisers as to future policies. “JDr. Farrand has made a very strong and favorable impression upon everyone who has come in contact with him since his arrival in Washington. His previous experience and contact with the medical and nursing professions and with the prominent social service workers, and also his intimate knowledge of the work of our foreign commissions in Europe on account of his close cooperation with them in the past year, gives him a very thorough understanding of the problems of the Red Cross and its background, which I think is not equaled by anyone else in this country. He is thoroughly well balanced and there is no danger of his developing one phase of Red Cross work at the expense of another. He has courage and decision, but is not impul- sive and his judgments will always be based on sane and careful consideration. “Mr. Willoughby G. Walling, the vice- chairman, is well known to you. On ac- count of his long experience with the Red Cross, his familiarity with the con- ditions in this country, and his knowl- edge of social and community matters of which he has been a great student, he will be of the greatest assistance to Dr. Farrand. “Mr. Frederick C. Munroe, the general manager, attended Harvard College and was for many years connected with the New England Telephone Company. He has had the best of training as an or- ganization and methods expert and is a most efficient executive. He was at- tached to the staff of Mr. James Jackson, manager of the New England Division, since the early part of the war and or- ganized and directed several Red Cross campaigns. He was brought to National Headquarters last summer to lay out and plan a survey of the nursing resources of the United States, with which work you are already familiar. He was made assistant to the general manager last September and has been directing and carrying on a very important part of the work of this office for the last six months. I had no hesitancy in recom- mending him as my successor and my judgment was full endorsed by Mr. Greer and the members of the War Council. He has a charming, attractive personality, fine character and great ability, and I am very much interested I am sure that he can count on the same complete and sympa- thetic cooperation on the part of all of the division managers which I, myself, have enjoyed. “Dr. Guy E. Snavely has been ap- pointed assistant to the general manager. He was with the Red Cross before the creation of the War Council and has seen in his success. the organization grow to its present size. He has been assistant manager of the Southern Division, and as such, has been brought in close contact with the work of all of the various departments and bu- reaus and is very well acquainted with the chapter organization and with all field problems. Dr. Snavely is a gradu- ate of Johns Hopkins University. “Mr. J. Byron Deacon has been made acting director general of the Depart- ment of Civilian Relief, but as he is well known to you as having been Mr. Per- son's right hand for a long time, he re- quires no introduction or endorsement. “There are no important changes in the heads of departments or bureaus. Mr. L. J. Hunter will continue as deputy comptroller until March 1, when Mr. Du Bois will resign and Mr. Hunter will be made comptroller. Mr. Hiss will con- tinue as director general of Military Re- lief, Mr. Frank C. Letts, as director, De- partment of Supplies, and Mr. Crossett as the director of the Department of Development. Miss Jane A. Delano will continue as director of the Department of Nursing and during her absence in Europe Miss Clara D. Noyes will con- tinue to serve as acting director, Depart- ment of Nursing. Effective arrangements have been made for the continuation of the other departments and bureaus which are less directly connected with the work of the divisions. “The American Red Cross has a won- derful future. While its work was large- ly of an emergency character during the war its peace time program, while less spectacular, will, I am sure, we all agree, have a greater and more lasting effect on the civilization of the world, and will do more to improve the conditions of (Concluded on page 5.) - ALLIES IN THE PALESTINE WORK Right to left-John H. Finley, head of A. R. C. Commission; General Allenby, Commander-in- Chief British Egyptian Expeditionary Force; Miss Gary, daughter of American Diplomatic Agent at Cairo; Rusti Pasha, Prime Minister to Sultan of Egypt. 4 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RE D CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING Application made for entry to the mails as second- class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . WILLIAM H. TAFT ROBERT W. DE FOREST . is e . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMs . . o o Treasurer ALEXANDER KING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOCKTON AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary President Vice-President • * * * * * * * * , LIVINGSTON FARRAND . . . . Chairman Central Committee WILLOUGHBY WALLING . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE . . . . . . . . General Manage, Red Cross War Council . By Appointment of the President of the United States HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman CoRNELIUS N. Bliss, JR. JESSE H. JONES GEORGE E. Scott GEORGE B. CASE Ex Officio WILLIAM How ARD TAFT ELIOT WADSworth WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 24, 1919. The New Organization Much of the space in this week's issue of The Bulletin is taken up with a report of the proceedings of the adjourned an- nual meeting of the American Red Cross, at which officers and committees to carry forward the peace program were named, and with matters bearing on the new The transition from the war to the peace basis will be completed by the time the next number of this organization. publication is printed. Red Cross members as a whole al- ready are informed regarding the ideas of those who have been intrusted with the direction of the organization's af- fairs as to the future responsibilities of the American Red Cross. Any doubt that may have existed as to the scope of work to be carried on following the ces- sation of hostilities was removed with the announcement of the appointment by President Wilson of Dr. Livingston Farrand as chairman of the Central Com- | mittee, the understanding that Dr. Far- rand would devote his whole time and energy to that position, and the state- ments from Henry P. Davison, the re- tiring chairman of the War Council, set- ting forth the situation which the emer- gency executive body bequeathes to its successors. The new organization finds many of wASHINGTON, D. C. are persons who have been trained to crisis and in connection with the greatest while the peace problems will come in for ened with starvation was too stupendous To the solution of the problem the Al- with full energy. except for the overwhelming cries to the most active among the retiring man- agers of the Red Cross continuing in advisory capacities, while those who henceforth will bear the burdens of ac- tive management and responsibility, giv- ing their services exclusively to the task, meet their duties during the greatest relief work of all time. As a result the change is in fact merely a transfer of executive titles from one set of indi- viduals to another; the general purposes of the organization are in no manner affected. The aftermath of actual war work still is the most important thing confronting the Red Cross, and this work must be kept up to its top notch of efficiency un- til the last of the American men under arms are returned to civil life. Mean- more and more attention, until finally the permanent peace system shall have been established, continuing into the in- definite future on the foundation of ex- perience and effectiveness laid in the period of stress. Millions to Clothe Immediately after the guns in Europe were silenced by the signing of the armi- stice, the spectre of Famine arose to shock a world already staggered by the frightfulness of war. The problem of feeding whole nations that were threat- to be even considered by any voluntary relief organization. It was something that demanded the attention of govern- ments, and, as at once seen, would tax government resources to the uttermost. lied governments have set themselves At the same time another tremend- ously pressing problem came to the fore, scarcely to be measured in importance provide for the hungry. This was the problem of clothing hundreds of thou- sands of women and children who were in rags and, regardless of their ability to purchase, unable to obtain material - with which to make garments to warm their bodies. The needs of the situa- tion affecting the clothing of the desti- tute, however, are largely within the power of regular humanitarian agencies to alleviate; and one of the first great tasks of the American Red Cross in the taking up of peace relief work, in the foreign field will be to provide garments for refugees and others whose all has been lost in the world cataclysm. There are millions to be clothed, and the American Red Cross already has made available millions of dollars to as- sist in the work. The cablegrams re- ceived from the Red Cross representa- tives in Europe have made it clear that all the aid that can be given for many months to come will not be too much to meet the demands that will be presented. The statement of the situation is a sum- mons to the Red Cross Chapters in America to devote their best energies in assisting the general organization in a service to humanity that will carry its OWn reward. Musi Finish the Job The appeal made to the American Red Cross workers in France not to think of returning home until the important work pertaining to the comfort and care of our soldiers still abroad is completed, should have the earnest support of all the relatives of overseas personnel in this country. Realization of the situa- tion and meeting it in the proper spirit will have a good effect on all concerned. Naturally, the happy thought that the War is ended tends to strengthen the desire of fathers and mothers and friends for the return of those who gave their services to the great cause. It was to be expected, also, that in the reaction from the war tension the relatives of overseas workers would experience anxiety for the absent ones, as a corrolary of the longing to have families reunited. But Surely no one would wish to embarrass the work that is to be performed. As stated in an article on another page, it would be disastrous to the Red Cross work to have the personnel abroad released immediately; and anxiety re- garding the welfare of the Red Cross workers should be absolutely relieved by the knowledge of the provisions which the Red Cross has made for look- ing after their health, comfort and gen- eral well-being. By spreading this knowledge, Chapters can render a service of great value at this time. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN 5 DR. FARRAND's SALUTATORY Addressing Headquarters Staff, Says Work Ahead is Greater and More - Fundamentally Important than Work Which Lies Behind Dr. Livingston Farrand, the newly ap- pointed chairman of the Central Com- mittee of the American Red Cross, ad- dressed the staff at Red Cross National Headquarters a few days after assuming his executive duties, declaring that the great work already done by the Ameri- can Red Cross fades into insignificance when compared with the possibilities of the future. He said: - tº “I feel at this moment very much em- barrassed, and I feel very humble. My embarrassment is natural, because I am facing for the first time the group which by its energy and devotion has made the Red Cross what it is; and I feel very humble at the thought of the great re- sponsibility that has fallen upon me. “It has been my good fortune to know something of the work of the Red Cross during the past year and a half in Eu- rope. While I was not actually con- nected with it during most of that time, my own field there was so closely re- lated that we worked side by side, and I might say, hand in hand, from the very beginning. As a consequence I watched its growth, particularly in France, from the first attempts to meet the over- whelming demands made upon the or- ganization, up to the time when its full development had shown the Allied coun- tries what the spirit of American meant when applied to the great problems which came in the train of the war. “Now I have suddenly been extracted from the work in France and been brought over here. The first impression that I have is one of the immensity of the work which you have done. we - knew all the time in France that we were simply expressing, at one point on the firing line, the wishes of the American people, and we knew perfectly well that we were absolutely dependent upon the organization here in Washington. I am sure, however, we never appreciated the complexity of your part of the task, or even dreamde of the extent which the effort at home had reached. “It is perfectly natural that anyone should view his own particular piece of work as being perhaps the most im- portant in the world, and perhaps from the point of view of results, it is well that one should have that attitude. It is al- ways wholesome, however, to get away from time to time and see what others | | Only one of importance. ventilating and most enlightening thing it as I return. are doing in other places. It was al- ways, to me, a most ventilating and en- lightening experience to go from France to Italy, or Belgium, or England, and realize that my own corner was not the But the most that anyone who has been working abroad can do is to come back here and see what an enormous task has been undertaken, and with what efficiency that task has been performed by the Red Cross at home. - “Now I come to you today and greet you for the first time, thoroughly imbued with a new point of view, and that is, the possibility of the future. I realize as deeply as anyone can, the difficulty of speaking explicitly as to the details of the program of the Red Cross in time of peace. It is not only difficult, it is impossible at this time, to speak in more than general terms; but one thing can be said and that is, that the work that lies ahead of the Red Cross is greater and more fundamentally important even than the work which lies behind. I say this with a full realization of what the words mean. “The world knows that the Red Cross has done a great work, and done it mag- nificently. In many ways it has been the success of the times. But, I repeat, that work fades into insignificance when com- pared with the possibilities which lie ahead in the future. Why is that? It is simply because the war was fought to make the world a fitter place in which to live. . The problems of the past are carried over into the future and with this magnificent spirit of service, which has been aroused in the American people un- der the stimulus of war, and which has attached. itself to the name and symbol of the Red Cross, we see a possibility of solving those problems which has never before presented itself. It is your business and my business to see that that possibility is realized in so far as it may be humanly possible. “After having been away from home for nearly two years, I hardly recognize On every side I find people thinking new thoughts; I find people filled with new inspirations; I find people, to whom such an idea had never occurred, recognizing that after all perhaps the best thing in the world is in being able to serve—serving not their own interest, but the interests of others, of the country, and of the world—and that, after all, in its broadest sense, is what the Red Cross stands for—it stands for Service. Our problem now is to find out how that service can be rendered, and to define methods which shall pro- duce good, and not simply confusion. We must capitalize this new spirit which has been aroused in our people, and which, in my judgment can be directed more fully and more efficiently by the American Red Cross than by any other agency in existence. - “In thanking you for your greeting here this morning, my only request is that I may count upon the same devo- tion, the same energy, and the same wis- dom that you have shown in the last year and a half.” Who's Who in Peace Personnel (Concluded from page 3.) humanity in general than any other agency. - “We are confident that the interest and sympathy which has been aroused in the hearts of the great mass of American people will cause them to carry on and not only support any future program which may be adopted with their con- tributions, but also with such time and effort as they may be called upon to de- vote to this cause. - - “In this, my parting message to you as general manager, Mr. Greer joins me in thanking you for your sympathetic and considerate cooperation on which we have always been able to depend. We are both looking forward to seeing you here on the twenty-fourth.” Mr. Scott, who on March 1 will re- Sume his duties as first vice-president of the American Steel Foudnries, will con- tinue in an advisory capacity at National Headquarters until that date. Samuel M. Greer, of Baltimore, who has been serv- ing as assistant general manager, also will continue in an advisory capacity until March 1. Mr. Greer is a vice- president of the Bankers' Trust Com- pany of New York. Since the beginning of the war he has served the Red Cross 2S national director of the Department of Development, as well as assistant gen- eral manager, and in both capacities has had one of the most important parts in directing Red Cross activities. He has given particular attention to the direc- tion of Red Cross membership and war fund campaigns. - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN IMPORTANT THAT WORKERS STAY IN EUROPE Provision for Well-Being of Personnel, Now as Always, is First Considera- tion of the American Red Cross American Red Cross workers in France are being urged to give up thought of returning home for a few months, at least. An appeal has been issued to the personnel by the Red Cross Commissioner for France for all to “stay until the job of the American Red Cross is finished.” Emphasizing the importance of preserving the organization in the state of efficiency which it had reached when the armistice was signed, a cable- gram from the Commissioner for France declares that it “would be nothing short of disastrous to the work of the Ameri- can Red Cross if the families of our present personnel urged them to go home.” In connection with the need of keeping the working personnel intact for the present, an understanding of the supervision and care which the American Red Cross exercises for the comfort and general well-being of its own workers, especially the women, should relieve all anxiety on that score. As to the present situation, with par- ticular reference to the attention being given to the workers themselves, the cablegram above referred to is most il- luminating. It says: “Canteen work with the army is in- creasing rather than decreasing. This is true of other branches of the work, and personnel from branches which are closing down are being transferred to the busiest activities. It takes months to break in new workers and we are mak- ing every effort to keep all trained indi- viduals. “A welfare division is established in the headquarters of the Bureau of Per- sonnel, with a staff of twenty or more of our best trained workers. They at- tend to proper housing, visit the sick daily, check up absentees, conduct all business connected with deaths, arrange convalescent leaves, and provide recrea- tion of all sorts—dances and moving pic- tures at headquarters, sight seeing trips about Paris, and brief trips to the war area. They also handle all cases re- ported of infraction of rules not serious enough to be brought before the divi- sion of discipline, but which need some word of friendly advice and warning. “In addition to the regular medical staff we have established a woman doc- tor, resident at headquarters, with nurses imperative for the special care of women person- nel, where immediate attention often prevents serious illness. “We recently opened one small hotel in Paris, exclusively for women, and a large club in the suburbs for men and women personnel. We are handling the difficult housing problem as well as pos- sible under the circumstances. We are publishing a definite code of regulations and penalties for infraction for distribu- tion to each worker to clarify standards and rulings. Outside of Paris we are es- tablishing leave areas for vacations, with personnel representatives to maintain standards. In a sense the personnel rep- resentatives and directrices are charged with the welfare of the women in the neighborhood.” From the outset the greatest pains have been taken to look after the wel- fare of workers at every stage follow- ing their enlistment in the Red Cross service. Those who have gone over- seas for foreign service have been met by staff representatives on the arrival of their steamers in Europe. Sailings and names of personnel have been made known to the respective commissions by cable. At ports of debarkation Red Cross agents have met the workers and ar- ranged for their transportation to Paris, London cr wherever they may have been assigned. The rules, regulations and ar- rangements made when the war was on and the workers were arriving in Europe in great numbers still are applicable so far as the needs of the post-war situa- tion require. For example, on arrival by train in Paris, workers again are met by a Red Cross agent who informs them where hotel accommodations have been pro- vided and where they are to report for instruction, etc. Similarly the provisions for keeping the workers fully informed and preventing them from losing their bearings or being subjected to unreason- able delays are extended all along the line to the posts of ultimate service. The welfare committee in Paris has been a particularly important adjunct of the American Red Cross. Should a Red Cross worker be absent from duty at Headquarters and reported ailing, a visi- tor is sent to see her immediately, to find out what is needed. Frequently all that is necessary to do is to pay a friendly visit. Should there be illness a doctor and nurse or hospital care and attention are at once provided. At Neuilly a certain number of beds in the little American hospital are reserved for Red Cross workers, where the best possible care is provided. A convales- cent house for Red Cross workers has been provided at Cannes, where all ex- penses are paid by the Red Cross. Frequent inspection of the canteens and of the living conditions of the work- ers is made, and everything possible is done to make the workers feel that the Red Cross has a personal interest in them. While the work in the canteens, (Concluded on page 8.) GROUP OF A. R. C. JUNIORS IN JAPAN T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN CLOTHING FOR DESTITUTE Four and One-Half Millions Appro- priated to Supply Garments for the Refugees of Europe Initial steps to meet the tremendous demands for refugee garments in Eu- rope have been taken by the American Red Cross. The War Council has voted an appropriation of $4,532,880 to provide wearing apparel for distribution among the thousands of people who are mak- ing courageous efforts to re-establish themselves in the devastated districts of France, and to meet the needs of peo- ple tries. France is now the Red Cross supply base for Europe, and a statement ac- companying the announcement of the ap- in recovered areas in other coun- TIBERIAS, ON THE SEA OF GALILEE The A. R. C., working with British, has done much work here to suppress cholera HOME OF A. R. C. WORKERS IN TIBERLAS propriation above noted shows that the cessation of hostilities has not curtailed the Red Cross activities there. The main difference between now and the period when fighting was going on is that the relief work is turning into different chan- nels. With the relief demands, gener- ally speaking, in no wise lessened. On February 1, the American Red Cross had 6,077 workers in France, and the indica- tions were that a great majority of them will be kept there for some time to come. The action of the War Council in mak- ing the appropriation for refugee gar- ments will make available for those who are in need in many parts of Europe 13,500,000 yards of materials of the kind commonly used in the manufacture of refugee garments divided as follows: Outing flannel, 6,000,000; unbleached mus- lin, 2,500,000; twill jeans, 1,400,000; black - sateen, 1,100,000; bathrobing, 500,000; dress good and suitings, 500,000; can- ton flannel, 500,000; gingham, 500,000; bleached muslin, 500,000. . It is one of the largest single items of relief ever authorized by the Red Cross. The mate- rial which will be fashioned into clothing by the people who are to receive it, is in addition to the great quantities of refu- gee garments turned out in the Red Cross workrooms of this country and forwarded overseas. In that part of Europe laid waste by the Germans the scarcest article is mate- rial that might be made into wearing ap- parel. The thousands of refugees who have been returning to their native places in the war-swept area and who are en- deavoring to rebuild their homes and get a fresh start, are for the most in need of clothing, and the shipment of materials from America will help to meet this need. Garments and cloth are to be distributed by the American Red Cross as fast as received. The American Red Cross is planning to establish relief depots in the liberated territory at Lille, Amiens, Laon, Mezi- eres, Chalons and Verdun, houses at these points being stocked with supplies to meet the emergency needs The ter- ritory has been divided into districts and each district will be in charge of a Red Cross staff and a resident who knows the people of the district and has their confidence. the ware- of returning civilian refugees. The relief provided for through direct appropriation supplements the new pro- gram of knitting in the Red Cross Chap- ters of the country, of which announce- ment was made in The Bulletin a few weeks ago. Garments both knitted and sewed, are needed at the rate of a mil- lion a month for destitute refugees, not only in Northern France but in Belgium, Italy, Roumania, Serbia, Greece, Monte- negro, Palestine, Albania and other coun- tries, according to cablegrams received from Harvey D. Gibson, who has been general director of the American Red Cross activities in Europe. “We should be assured,” states Mr. Gibson, “that we can count on you for 1,000,000 garments monthly. When cloth now in stock is exhausted, second-hand clothing should be utilized for remaking into refugee clothing, the cloth first being washed and pressed. All refugee clothing received will be ºsomptly distributed. This work by Chapters should go on for some months to come. ” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN “JUST INSIDE THE DOOR” “Where can I sit and watch the world go by?” In the Division of Public In- formation and Reception at National Red Cross Headquarters in Washington. There are few in the world today who can afford to stay away from there. Those that do not pass through the vaulted marble hall in person, may stand there in spirit, to ask of the Red Cross to lend their force, their strength to the twelve or thirteen hundred people there assembled to carry on the great busi- ness of the Red Cross. I know, for I am one who enjoys the splendid privilege of being in that department, and I can See, every day, the work that is being done. I am glad to tell you about it. Under the Division of Public Informa- tion and Reception there are eight competent women. If you ask what they must know to be there I shall answer: “Everything! The workings of the entire organization, both here and in foreign lands,” for people . from all over the world will come in to ask questions of them and it is the de- sire and purpose of the department to give out helpful, definite information, and to put the seeker in direct touch with the person or department he seeks. Behind that beautiful marble building, with its significant ensign, are four an- nexes, some three stories in height. Pass- ing through them you will hear the click- ing of some six hundred typewriters; you will see men and women at work, men and women from all walks of life, the prominent and influential among the obscure, despatching their tasks with ready hand and heart, coming early, leaving late. You receive the impression that the Red Cross stands out distinct as an industry, in the tremendous amount of energy expended—given freely, eagerly, without thought of personal gain. Hence the Division of Public In- formation and Reception! It must be a gracious hostess to all that come; it must listen patiently to stories of distress; it must offer aid and comfort; it must save time when the saving of time means the saving of a life; it must stand for efficiency, cour- tesy and tenderness. Each woman in the division must know the “golden rule” and apply it every moment of the day. And it is intensely interesting! The door swings open and in walks a celeb- rity who presents a gard that may bear a royal crest! Next, a ragged urchin, *peoffering—his services to the Red Cross or bringing a hard-earned penny. A mother, timid and gray, comes to ask about her boy “over there.” A breezy salesman strides in with his sample case anxious to “sell” the Red Cross that is in the market for millions of dollars worth of goods. Or it may be an inventor who has put his best into some article that he knows will help the cause. And here comes a bright-eyed girl seeking news of her soldier-lover. But no matter who comes, rich or poor, great or lowly, a cordial greeting awaits them, their wants are filled and they are sent on their way rejoicing. What reward do these women receive for their efforts, their untiring endeavor to meet the inquiring public? A smile, a bow of thanks, a word of gratitude, and the realization of the fact that “doing favors rests a tired heart.” Organized for Peace Program (Concluded from page 2.) country from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Mr. Wadsworth’s report shows that during the year the millions of volunteer women workers in the United States turned out a total of 221,282,838 surgi- cal dressings, hospital garments and sup- plies, refugee garments and knitted ar- ticles, the value of this tremendous pro- duction being estimated at $44,171,083. The report shows that 40,000 persons were engaged in Red Cross home ser- vice work, the number of families of sol- diers who took advantage of this service growing from 42,000 in February to 110,000 in June, 1918, and the amount expended for relief each month from $177,000 to $315,000. The department of nursing of the Red Cross is the recruiting agency for the Army and Navy Nurse corps. By the end of the fiscal year the Red Cross had enrolled 22,531 nurses. A pathetic feature of the report is a memoriam de- voted to the thirty-five nurses known to have been killed in action or who died in service, from the time the United States entered the war up to June 30, 1918. In a brief address at the conclusion of the annual meeting, Dr. Farrand said that he had accepted the great responsi- bilities, convinced that there has been no time in our history when there was so much to be accomplished in time of peace by an organization built up in time of war. “And I can only give the Red Cross the service it demands,” he added, “by having the full support of the Red Cross Chapters throughout the country.” IET THERE BE LIGHT Word comes in a letter from France that at the coming of peace, the hilarious joy of the French people, living in the small, scattered villages that had long been under the menace of the guns, found expression in Light. “Light, light—more light, Babette! See, here are candles. Light them; light them, every one ! Put them in the win- dows—the ‘boche’ will not come tonight! Put them in the old candlesticks on the mantlepiece! More, more! Ah, thank God, we can have light at last!” It is the night of November 11, 1918. The small, squatty house looks quite like a Christmas tree, so brightly do its win- dows glow. Squares of yellow light fall across the snow. Within, Babette and the old woman can be seen flying about preparing a feast for the “poilus” who will drop in, and they laugh and sing and cry and talk excitedly of Pierre, who is coming back to them. Pierre of the laughing eyes and flashing smile! There is the delicious smell of something fry- ing! A group of laughing soldiers comes down the street. Babette flings wide the door, crying: “Ah, come in, come in, my brave ones. * * * Come, see, we have good wine and the lights are shining! This is the great day of France!” And they troop after her, laughing, one by one, into the house. - And there is more singing and more laughter. The candles burn and sputter and Babette snuffs them with the old snuffer that hangs above the hearth. The winter moon climbs slowly in a sky whose trackless blue will no more be torn by marauding planes. The night goes. Peace has dawned upon the world! Important That Workers Stay (Concluded from page 6.) as stated in advices from France, con- tinues to be as important as it ever has been, the strain of service which neces- sarily told severely on some of the work- ers, is not nearly so great as it was amid the excitement, turmoil and terrible un- certainty of the fighting days. In conse- quence the hazards of the service are, through the same personal interest in the individual as heretofore, reduced to the minimum. All women who have gone overseas in the Red Cross service are twenty-five years of age or over. Scrupulous care has been taken to prevent any infraction of the War Department rule that no worker under twenty-five years of age be sent to Europe. * Hy 5 75 * A. \ºvº º 2- C - - º The Vol. III ASHI NGTON, D. C., MARCH 3, 1919 WORLD congress TO COORDINATE RED CROSS WORK ed CrOSS Bulletin - b No. 5 Allies Join in Movement to Extend Activities, and Strengthen the Universal Peace Program through International Alliance of Humanitarian Agencies Extension and strengthening of the Red Cross activities of the world are to be provided for through an inter- national convention called to meet at Geneva, Switzerland, thirty days after the formal declaration of peace has been declared. - Plans for the will remain abroad for an indefinite period to represent the American Red Cross in the prospective unification of humanitarian endeavor. The proposed plan of action is set forth in a memorandum submitted by Mr. Davison at a recent conference in selves a ‘committee of Red Cross societies to formulate and to propose to Red Cross societies of the world an extended program of Red Cross ac- tivities in the interest of humanity.” “The governments of the five coun- tries in this committee have, from the outset, been fully proposed extension of Red Cross ac- tivities on an in- ternational basis have been in prog- ress ever since the signing of the ar- mistice. It was in connection with these plans that Henry P. Davison, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, was sum- moned to Europe by President Wil- son immediately following the lat- ter’s arrival in Paris to attend the peace conference. Within the last week a general outline of the great new idea to serve humanity through world-wide co- - operation has been made public. The preliminaries have been mapped out by a committee including representatives of the Red Cross so- cieties of the United States, France, Great Britain, Italy and Japan. Mr. Davison was chosen chairman of this committee, and, although his work as chairman of the American Red Cross War Council terminated March 1, he THE RED CROSS BROUGHT THE SMILES TO THE F T. OF ITALY - Paris. The memorandum follows: “The International Red Cross Com- mittee at Geneva has called a conven- tion of the Red Cross organizations of the world to meet at Geneva thirty days after the declaration of peace. “This call was issued at the re-. quest of the Red Cross societies of the United States of America, France, Great Britain, Italy and Japan, whose representatives have constituted them- ºiese homeless children informed of the proposal to hold such a world con- ference. They re- gard it as import- ant and each has separately m a ni- fested its desire that a plan em- bodying the pur- poses of this com- mittee be prepared for submission to such conference. “The world is appalled at the widespread human suffering which has followed in the wake of the war. Problems of food and reconstruction are of such mag- nitude that they - must, of course, be d e a lºt with and financed by governments. But, in addition, there is a vast field for sup- plementary and emergency effort on the part of voluntary national relief organizations. “The original Geneva convention was designed primarily to guarantee neutrality to those actually engaged in the care of sick and wounded com- batants. This war has shown, how- (Continued on page 8) 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T | N NOW A DRIVE FOR MILLIONS OF OLD CLOTHES Plans Made to Obtain Ten Thousand Tons of Garments During the Week of March 24-31 The week of March 24-31 has been set for a nation-wide collection by the American Red Cross of used clothing, shoes and blankets for the refugees of Allied countries, freed from the grip of autocracy. Every Red Cross chapter will be asked to assist in the mammoth undertaking. Minimum al- lotments, based on a national total of 10,000 tons of garments, have been assigned each division, and it is ex- pected that the success that attended the campaign for the Belgians will be duplicated. Reports from Red Cross repre- sentatives abroad; from Herbert Hoover, head of the European Relief Administration, and from other sources, agree that one of the most serious problems faced by millions of men, women and children in northern France, Italy, Czecho-Slovakia, Bel- gium, Serbia, Roumania, Greece and other Allied countries in the Near East is that of clothing. In many places the Teutons absolutely ruined the textile industries, making it im- possible for the people to help them- selves, even though they had raw materials. Accordingly, they must look to the outside world, and prin- cipally America, for assistance. “Refugees,” cabled Col. Harvey D. Gibson recently, “have been for sev- eral years in rags or with practically no clothes at all. In many countries now, even if clothing could be manu- factured and paid for, material is totally lacking. The need is great to a degree that few at home can possi- bly realize. Every garment furnished will cover a body which otherwise would lack proper clothing, and each garment furnished will actually pre- vent suffering.” - Still another picture of the vital necessity of clothing the refugees is found in the report of fifty American Red Cross investigators in France, which asserted that the need of cloth- ing among hundreds of thousands of refugees in France alone is more im- perative even than food. “Most of the refugee families man- age to nourish themselves on the government allowance and their small wages,” said the report, “but they are by no means able to clothe them- selves.” Conditions in other countries are even more pitiful. - The plan which is to be followed in the approaching campaign will be the one that was so successful in the collection of clothing for the Bel- gians. On previous occasions the Red Cross has been responsible only for the collection of the clothing and the delivery of the packed goods to the railroads. In this campaign the Red Cross will assume entire charge of the operations, from the time of collec- tion to the time when the baled clºth- ing is delivered to the ships of the European Relief which will transport it to Europe. The distribution of the clothing will be entirely under American su- Administration, pervision. The American Red Cross commissions will supervise it in those countries where they are at work, and in those places where we have no or- ganization Mr. Hoover's food repre- sentatives will take charge. Thus the responsibility for the campaign will be on the Red Cross from beginning to end. - Every kind of garment, for all ages and both sexes, except those ob- viously unfitted for the use of refu- gees, will be acceptable. In addition, piece goods, light, warm canton flan- nel, and other kinds of cloth from which to make garments for new- born babies, ticking, sheeting, and blankets, woolen goods of any kind, and shoes of every size are asked for. Scrap leather for repairing will also be acceptable. * . Since the clothes will be subjected to the hardest kind of wear, only gar- ments of strong and durable mate- rials will be collected. Garments need not be in perfect condition, however, as many thousands of destitute women in the liberated territory will be eager to make a small livelihood by mending them. The collection has been timed to the period when nearly all of the United States is taking off winter raiment to don lighter clothing. DISTRIBUTING GARMENTS AND SHOES TO SARDINIAN CHILDREN TEI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE WAR COUNCIL FROM THE PERSONAL SIDE Something about the Men of High Position in World Affairs Who Directed the Red Cross Emergency Work The War Council of the American Red Cross, the body which, since the entry of the United States into the war for liberty and civilization, has directed the greatest humanitarian work in the world’s history, passed out of existence on March 1, when the management of the organization reverted to the central committee provided for in its charter. It leaves a proud record, and returns to the permanent governing board an or- ganization trained and filled with in- spiration for the great Red Cross “carry-on” work of the future. The War Council was created by resolution of the central committee to meet a great emergency, to con- tinue until its functions were termi- nated by the same authority. At the outset of American participation in the war the committee foresaw the immensity of the impending relief task, and realized the necessity for a special directing agency composed of experts in finance and organization— men endowed with the genius of lead- ership, who would devote their un- divided energy for an unlimited period to the Red Cross work. The selection of the War Council per- sonnel was delegated to President Wilson, who also is president of the American Red Cross. - The President, too, appreciated the immensity of the relief work that was to be centralized in the Red Cross organization. The spirit of sacrifice was everywhere throughout the coun- try. Men of the kind needed for the emergency Red Cross leadership were beyond price. But at the Presi- dent's summons they laid aside vast private affairs, locked their desks and jumped into the breach at the Na- tional Red Cross headquarters. They joined the notable band of patriotic citizens who volunteered to serve in capacities where they could be most helpful in the time of crisis. Everybody knows the war story of the American Red Cross. And now that the central committee of the Red Cross has deemed it proper to release the members of the War Council from their responsibilities, it is a propitious time to say a word or two about the men who have been the nerve center of the whole mighty Red Cross or— ganism. ggſ) LIBERATED AMERICAN PRISONERS AND THEIR RED CROSS COMFORT BAGS. By virtue of his position as chair- man of the War Council, Henry P. Davison, a partner in the banking house of J. P. Morgan and Company, has to a great extent personified the spirit of the Red Cross war relief work. He came in at the start and has been on the job every minute of the day and night during the War Council period of control. In the be- ginning he was confronted with a situation involving liabilities almost beyond estimate and assets consist- ing of the good will of the American people. His first job was to realize on the assets. Men accustomed to doing big things in a big way were more or less staggered when he an- nounced the program of the original drive for a war fund, and set the figure at $100,000,000. The appraisement of the American good will was justified when the drive took place and the fund was raised with a fair margin to spare. A year later, when the second drive was made, Mr. Davison admitted his in- ability to approximate fully the limit of the good will which was the Red Cross' asset, for in that drive the public, appealed to for another hun- dred million dollars, made its own budget and almost doubled the amount. For both of the war fund drives and the results of the wonder- ful membership campaigns of the Christmas seasons of 1917 and 1918, the greater part of the credit of achievement is accorded by all con- cerned to the directing genius of the War Council’s chairman. On his tours of inspection through the war countries of Europe, Mr. Davison has been constantly honored and feted by the rulers of nations and decorated with orders of the highest sort con- ferable on a man in civilian life. All these honors, however, Mr. Davison has regarded as marks of apprecia- tion, not for him individually but for the work of the American Red Cross. Repeatedly, in conversation with his intimate friends, he has expressed re- gret that in the nature of things it was necessary to have a personal Red Cross leadership. The honors most appreciated by Mr. Davison per- (Continued on page 10) 4 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSSBUILDING WASHINGTON, D.C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington. - BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President JoHN SKELTON WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AXSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary LIVINGsroN FARRAND. Chairman Central Committee WILLouGHBY WALLING. . . . . • * * * * * * Vice-Chairman FREDERIck C. MUNRoE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 3, 1919 The War Council The War Council of the American Red Cross has passed from action into the pages of world war history. It has performed the service which called it into existence, but its spirit will go marching on in connection with the great work to which the Red Cross has been rededicated as a re- sult of the conflict establishing the rule on earth of liberty and civiliza- tion over autocracy and frightfulness. The time is scarcely at hand for an adequate appreciation of the work ac- complished by the Red Cross War Council. Years must elapse before it can be viewed in its proper perspec- tive. This is true of the American Red Cross war work as a whole; but when the story is written in the calm days of the prospective long peace, the glory of the “carry-on” endeavor that did so much to shape the course of victorious events will be reflected in the ability and the self-sacrificing energy of the men who were the directing spirits of the organization. Mobilization of the heart and soul of the American people made the American Red Cross the effective humanitarian agency that it was in the great crisis. This mobilization would have been impossible without the executive genius that was made available in the emergency. Every- body had a part in the work, and it would be invidious to make any com- parisons in value between the dif- ferent elements. The millions who solidifying Red Cross - throughout the world comes just at contributed to the war funds, the . millions of noble women who consti- tuted the Chapter workers, those who went into the field and gave the best that was in them—all share alike in the glory of the grand accomplish- ment. But as the War Council passes, the other team workers who are the creditors of a world’s gratitude will not hesitate to declare their own debt of appreciation to the war-time lead- ership. The men who served on the War Council gave their time and ability without thought of personal glory or compensation aside from the love of doing. In relinquishing their re- sponsibilities, their highest thought and desire is that the Red Cross’ fu- ture may be greater and grander than its past. International Humanitarianism Unity of effort to make the world better and safer has won its victory of arms. The same sort of effort aims to insure the perpetuation of the triumphs of the battle field at the peace table. What more natural ac- companiment of this idea over which the statesmen and diplomats of the world are laboring than an interna- tional movement to coordinate the Red Cross activities of the nations in the interest of humanity in general? Plans for the extended Red Cross program which have been in process of formation for some months have reached a stage where the announce- ment of the general purpose is per- missible, the details of method and cooperation to follow speedily on the settlement of the questions now en- gaging the attention of the world peace convention. Just as the ideals of America are pointing the way to the solution of the underlying political problems of human liberty, the pres- tige and resource of the American Red Cross are expected to give lead- ership and incentive to the movement to internationalize activities in behalf of the physical well-being of hu- manity. It is a most happy coincidence that this announcement of the plan for activities the time when the American Red Cross is undergoing its transforma- tion from a war to a peace basis. It tends to emphasize the importance of the American Red Cross work of the future. No one who follows the news of the day can longer doubt in the slightest the tremendous importance of that work. A committee representing the Red Cross societies of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan has chosen the head of the re- cent War Council of the American Red Cross as its chairman. This com- mittee now is at work upon the pre- liminaries of a scheme of universal endeavor, which probably will de- velop in the near future into a formal world convention of the Red Cross, and the reestablishment, to meet present-day conditions, of the mighty force that was started under the em- blem of mercy at Geneva half a cen- tury ago. Hurry Magazine Lists! The publishers of the Red Cross Magazine have nearly 100,000 of the March number of the magazine on hand awaiting the receipt of subscrip- tion lists not yet reported by Chap- ters. Many complaints from sub- Scribers have been received because of the delay in mailing, but the pub- lishers are powerless in the matter until Chapter secretaries report the names. It is urgently requested that the forwarding of the subscription lists be expedited so that the cause of complaint may be removed. New Commissioner for Italy Samuel L. Fuller of New York has been appointed Red Cross commis- Sioner for Italy, to succeed Robert Perkins, who has returned to the United States. Mr. Fuller, who has been deputy commissioner of the Italian commission ever since it started its work, is a member of the firm of Kissel-Kinnicutt and Com- pany of New York. He has served the Red Cross as a full time volun- teer. He formerly was chairman of the Westchester County Chapter and did very fine work in that organiza- tion. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 AMERICAN RED CROSS WAR COUNCIL, 1917-19 This Page Presents the Photographs of all the Men Who Have Served on the Emergency Governing Body during its Two Years' Existence º - º AD Ayon. ſºvey O.G/bson st * * yº Wis _º . Cor//e/ºys W. == ="M2/ Grºyson ſº //ss Jr. Jesse ſſ. Jones; C/3//e3 O Worton. 74-/ Mºº- T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN REVIEW OF PAST AND VISION OF FUTURE Last Formal Statement from the Red Cross War Council on Things Accomplished and Greater Work Ahead Under date of February 28, the War Council of the American Red Cross issued the following statement: “To THE AMERICAN PEOPLE: “The War Council of the American Red Cross appointed by President Wilson on May 10, 1917, to carry on the work of the American Red Cross during the war, will, at their request and by vote of the Central Committee, cease to exist tomorrow. “Immediately the armistice was signed the War Council instituted studies to determine when the strictly war work of the organization would have been sufficiently matured to en- able the direction of affairs to be re- sumed by the permanent staff. Henry P. Davison, being in Paris when the armistice was signed, summoned a conference there of the heads of all the Red Cross commissions in Europe to canvass the situation. After con- sidering all the factors it was con- cluded to make the transition on March 1. The very fortunate choice of Dr. Livingston Farrand as the new chairman of the Central Committee, and thereby the permanent chief ex- ecutive of the Red Cross, makes pos- sible the consummation of this plan under the most favorable conditions. Accounts Audited by War Department “Detailed reports to Congress and a complete audit of its accounts by the War Department will constitute the final record of Red Cross activity dur- ing the war. Although it has been the rule to make public all expendi- tures when authorized and to give de- tailed information relative to all work undertaken, the War Council in turn- ing over its responsibilities to Dr. Far- rand and his associates desire to give a brief resume of Red Cross war time activities to the American people, to whom the Red Cross belongs and whose generous contributions have made possible all that has been ac- complished. “During the past nearly twenty-one months the American people have given in cash and supplies to the American Red Cross more than $400,- 000,000. No value can be placed upon CHATEAU DE VILLEGANIS, HOME OF MRS. W. E. COREY, NOW CONVALESCENT*HOME - - FOR-AMERICAN OFFICERS the contributions of service which have been given without stint and of- tentimes at great sacrifice by millions of our people. “The effort of the American Red Cross in this war has constituted by far the largest voluntary gifts of money, of hand and heart, ever con- tributed purely for the relief of hu- man suffering. Through the Red Cross the heart and spirit of the whole American people have been mobilized to take care of our own, to relieve the misery incident to the war, and also to reveal to the world the supreme ideals of our national life. “Everyone who has had any part in this war effort of the Red Cross is entitled to congratulate himself. No thanks from anyone could be equal in value to the self-satisfaction everyone should feel for the part taken. Fully 8,000,000 American women have ex- erted themselves in Red Cross service. Has Over 17,000,000 Adult Members “When we entered the war the American Red Cross had about 500,- 000 members. Today, as the result of the recent Christmas membership Roll Call, there are upwards of 17,000,000 full paid members, outside of the members of the junior Red Cross, numbering, perhaps, 9,000,000 school children additional. “The chief effort of the Red Cross during the war has been to care for our men in service and to aid our army and navy wherever the Red Cross may be called on to assist. As to this phase of the work, Surgeon General Ireland of the United States Army recently said: ‘The Red Cross has been an enterprise as vast as the war itself. From the beginning it has done those things which the Army Medical Corps wanted done, but could not do itself.” “The Red Cross endeavor in France has naturally been upon an exception- ally large scale where service has been rendered to the American Army and to the French Army and the French people as well, the latter particularly during the trying period when the allied world was waiting for the Amer- ican Army to arise in force and power. Hospital emergency service for our army in France has greatly diminished, THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN but the Red Cross is still being called upon for service upon a large scale in the great base hospitals, where thou- sands of American sick and wounded are still receiving attention. At these hospitals the Red Cross supplies huts and facilities for the amusement and recreation of the men as they become convalescent. Our Army of Occupa- tion in Germany was followed with medical units prepared to render the same emergency aid and supply Serv- ice which was the primary business of the Red Cross during hostilities. The army canteen service along the lines of travel has actually increased since the armistice. - “As for work among the French people, now that hostilities have ceased, the French themselves natu- rally prefer as far as possible to pro- vide for their own. It has accordingly been determined that the guiding prin- ciple of Red Cross policy in France henceforth shall be to have punctilious regard to its every responsibility, but to direct its efforts primarily to assist- ing French relief societies. The lib- erated and devastated regions of France have been divided by the gov- ernment into small districts, each of ficially assigned to a designated French relief organization. - “The American Red Cross work in France was initiated by a commission of eighteen men who landed on French shores June 13, 1917. Since then some 9,000 persons have been upon the rolls in France, of whom 7,000 were actively engaged when the armis- tice was signed. An indication of the present scale of the work will be ob- tained from the fact that the services of 6,000 persons are still required. - “Our American Expeditionary Force having largely evacuated England, the activities of the Red Cross Commis- sion there are naturally upon a dimin- ishing scale period. Active operations are still in progress in Archangel and Siberia. - . “The work in Italy has been almost entirely on behalf of the civilian pop- ulation of that country. In the critical hours of Italy's struggle the American people, through their Red Cross, sent a practical message of sympathy and relief, for which the government and promptly. - “A commission has just reached Po- people of Italy have never ceased to express their gratitude. - supplies and Personnel to Near East “The occasion for such concentra- tion of effort in Italy, England, Bel- gium and even in France having natu- rally and normally diminished, it has been possible to divert supplies and personnel in large measure to the aid of those people in the Near East who have hitherto been inaccessible to out- side assistance, but whose sufferings have been upon an appalling scale. The needs of these peoples are so vast that government alone can meet them, but the American Red Cross is making an effort to relieve immediately the more acute distress. - “An extensive group of American workers has been dispatched to carry vitally needed supplies, and to work this winter in the various Balkan countries. In order to coordinate their activities, a Balkan commission has been established, with headquarters at Rome, Italy, from which point alone all the Balkan centers can be reached land with doctors and nurses, medical supplies, and food for sick children and invalids. An American Red Cross Commission has also been appointed to aid in relieving the suffering of Russian prisoners still confined in Ger- man prison camps. “An important commission is still Through the working in Palestine. war special cooperation has been given to the Armenian and Syrian Relief Commission, which was the only agency able to carry relief in the in- terior of Turkish dominions. º Red Cross will Continue - “Red Cross effort is thus far flung. It will continue to be so. But the movement represented by this work has likewise assumed an intimate place in the daily life of our people at home. The army of workers which has been recruited and trained during the war must not be demobilized. All our ex- perience in the war shows clearly that there is an unlimited field for service of the kind which can be performed with peculiar effectiveness by the Red Cross, What its future tasks may be it is yet impossible to forecast. We know that so long as there is an Amer- ican army in the field the Red Cross will have a special function to per- form. “Nothing could be of greater impor- tance to the American Red Cross than. the plans just set in motion by the five great Red Cross societies of the world to develop a program of extended ac- tivities in the interest of humanity. The conception involves not alone ef- forts to relieve human suffering, but to prevent it; not alone a movement by the people of an individual nation, but an attempt to arouse all people to a sense of their responsibility for the welfare of their fellow beings through- out the world. It is a program both ideal and practical. Ideal in that its supreme aim is nothing less than ver- itable “Peace on earth good will to men,” and practical in that it seeks to take means and measures which are actually available and make them ef- fective in meeting without delay the crisis which is daily recurrent in the lives of all peoples. “For accomplishing its mission in the years of peace which must lie ahead of us the Red Cross will require the ablest possible leadership, and must enjoy the continued support, sympathy, and participation in its work of the whole American people. It is particularly fortunate that such a man as Dr. Livingston Farrand should have been selected as the per- manent head of the organization. The unstinted fashion in which all our people gave of themselves throughout . the war is the best assurance that our Red Cross will continue to receive that cooperation which will make its work a source of pride and inspiration to every American.” Mr. Davison, as chairman of the In- ternational Commission of the Ameri- * * can Red Cross, has undertaken to represent the American Red Cross in the preparation of the program for .* extended Red Cross activities, and will spend the next several months in Europe in consultation with other Red Cross societies for that purpose. THE WAR CouncIL of THE ". . . AMERICAN RED Cross, HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman., / º S T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN World Congress and Red Cross Work (Continued from page 1) ever, that the battlefield of modern warfare extends into every home of the nations involved. Out of this fact has grown the necessity that the Red Cross should, in time of war, extend its ministrations to homeless refugees as well as to civilians in their homes behind the lines. - - “The International Red Cross at Geneva has from the very beginning done an important work. Throughout the present war its high principles of both neutrality and helpfulness have been maintained. Its position of pre- eminence as the great natural agency should be upheld, and it is the belief that its ideals for extending relief in time of war can be applied with equal vigor and effectiveness in time of peace. “The experience of the war has developed an advanced practice in care for the welfare of motherhood and childhood. It has likewise dem- onstrated novel and most promising possibilities in the care and treatment of tuberculosis and other diseases. “It is accordingly of unusual im- portance at this moment in the world’s history that representatives of the various peoples should meet in conferences, compare information and experience and determine how volun- tary effort in every country may best exert itself in the service of humanity. “It is peculiarly fitting that such a world conference should meet under the aegis of the Red Cross, for the Red Cross has shown itself to be an instrument of peculiar flexibility and adaptability with which to promote efforts for the relief of suffering hu- manity. The Red Cross emblem sig- nifies, next to human sympathy, above all else, neutrality—neutrality as be- tween nations, as between races, as between religions, as between classes. While, in its organizing form in each country it enjoys intimate relations with its own, yet it preserves its vol- untary and democratic character. “It is expected that out of this world gathering there will emerge an international organization through which the peoples of the world may cooperate in stimulating and develop- ing activities in the respective coun- tries for the betterment of mankind. | Such activities would foster the study of human disease, promote sound measures for public health and sani- tation, the welfare of children and mothers, the education and training of nurses and the care and prevention of tuberculosis, venereal disease, malaria and other chronic or infectious dis- eases, and would provide measures for handling problems of world relief in emergencies, such as fire, famine and pestilence. “It is the plan of the ‘Committee of Red Cross Societies’ to proceed imme- diately to the definite formulation of the plan to be submitted to the world Red Cross Congress, and for that pur- pose it will establish headquarters at Cannes, France. - “To that point will be invited the world’s leading experts in public health, tuberculosis, hygiene and sani- tation and child welfare. It is ex- pected that the past experience of the nations will be carefully canvassed, with a view to the formulation of programs of action which can be laid before the congress at Geneva. Fol- lowing that event, these programs would be communicated to the Red Cross societies of all the nations; so- cieties would, each in its own way, stimulate the carrying out of those programs among the respective peo- ples. - “It is proposed that, following the world congress, there will be estab- lished at Geneva a permanent work- ing Organization. Such organization will comprise experts who will keep in touch with the developments through- out the world in the various lines in which the Red Cross is interested. Immediately developments should have been realized in any part of the world, either in research or practice, full information would be communi- cated to the central organization at Geneva and there scrutinized. This information and expert advice con- cerning it would then be immediately transmitted to the Red Cross societies of the world. “It is not the thought that the inter- national organization at Geneva would - itself carry out the programs adopted, or that the Red Cross societies of the individual countries would themselves necessarily conduct operations along the respective lines indicated. It is the plan, however, that the interna- tional organization at Geneva will thereafter continue to formulate and propose lines of Red Cross effort in the interest of humanity. These pro- grams will forthwith be communicated to the individual Red Cross societies. “Efforts would be made by the in- ternational organization to stimulate the development in each country of an active and efficient Red Cross or- ganization, in keeping with the newly conceived possibilities of the Red Cross movement. Each national Red Cross Society, in the light of informa- tion from the international organiza- tion or on the basis of its own expe- rience or desires, will stimulate among the people of its own country effective measures to accomplish the results aimed at. “The conception involves not merely efforts to relieve human suffering but to prevent it; not alone the suffering of our people, but an attempt to arouse all peoples to a sense of their respon- Sibility for the welfare of their fel- low-beings throughout the world. In brief, the plan contemplates the for- mation of what will be, in effect, an association in the interest of all hu- manity. It is a program, both ideal and practical; ideal in that its supreme aim is humanity; practical in that it seeks means and measures to meet the tragic crises which are daily re- current in the lives of all mankind. "Surely the operation of such a plan would develop a new fraternity and sympathy among the peoples. By So doing, an important contribution will have been made toward the suc- cess of the League of Nations, and this present plan should be viewed as a vital factor in the larger undertaking. “The League of Nations aims to hold all peoples together in an effort to avoid war and to insure freedom; this particular plan aims at devising a procedure whereby all peoples may cooperate actively in promoting the health and happiness of one another.” President Wilson has from the first T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T 1 N manifested an intense interest in the plans which have been under consider- ation, and, before leaving paris a few weeks ago, indicated his view of the movement in the following letter written to Mr. Davison: “DEAR MR. DAVISON: “It is with distinct pleasure and sat- isfaction that I learn of your plans for the further development of the work of the Red Cross. While at this time they must of necessity be somewhat indefinite, yet the general outline meets with my cordial and hearty approval, not only as President of the American Red Cross, but as President of the United States. “This war has taught many lessons, some of them not yet appreciated, but the great outstanding lesson is that of the obligation of man, no matter of what nationality, to his fellow-man throughout the world. It seems to me, therefore, that nothing could be more appropriate than that at the earliest moment there should be held a meet- ing of the Red Cross organizations of the world to consider, develop and adopt plans which should result in relieving the suffering and promoting the betterment of the people of the earth. I know of nothing more in harmony with the spirit of the time and more important to the future than unification in common effort for the welfare of all mankind. Acting under the broad provisions of our charter the experience of our American Red Cross has clearly demonstrated dur- ing the war that incalculable good could be accomplished by organized voluntary endeavor, not alone in war but in peace. “I feel with you that it is not only our opportunity but our Obligation to place our experience and the results of our efforts at the disposal of the other Red Cross organizations of the world, and I am confident that they also are in a position to make contri- butions of experience and construc- tive helpfulness to us and to each other. I share your belief that out of such a conference as is proposed an international relief organization would be developed which must contribute to the welfare of mankind throughout the world. “In your undertaking I wish you would feel that the various depart- ments of our Government will co- operate with you should occasion arise and that if there is anything I can do to assist I shall regard it as a priv- ilege.” At a dinner in Paris a week ago, attended by members of the peace del- egations and ambassadors and minis- ters from the various countries, Mr. Davison made an address conveying an intimate idea of the proposed Red Cross union, supplementary to the memorandum given above. At this dinner, also, a wireless message from President Wilson was read, the Presi- dent expressing regret that he was not in Paris to make formal declaration of his approval and support of the plans that had been formulated. Mr. Davison also read a letter from Pre- mier Clemenceau, written the day before the Premier was shot. The letter, addressed to Colonel House, Of the American peace delegation, follows: “I have read with the keenest in- terest the letter which you have done me the honor to send me. I approve in the fullest possible manner of the plans to extend and to coordinate the activities of the Red Cross, and I be- lieve that from this step great good will accrue to humanity, which has so many wounds that need dressing. “It would indeed have given me the greatest pleasure to present in person to Mr. Davison, whose generous ef- forts I have been in position to fully appreciate personally, the thanks of France and her promise of most cor- dial cooperation in his undertaking, but the state of my health will not permit me to assist at the dinner over which he will preside. However, I have directed Mr. Pams, the Minister of the Interior, to represent the French Government at this banquet, and at it to express the feelings of the French Government on the subject.” In his address at the dinner Mr. Davidson said in part: “I am one of those who believe that 99 per cent of the people of this world are not interested primarily in questions of boundary, in questions of economic or financial treaties, in prehension. questions of government and interna- tional relations. Peace to them means peace of mind and peace of body. They desire to live a normal life and to be permitted to carry on their voca- tions without unlawful or unreasonable interference. “The situation in the world today is tragic beyond description. The dis- tress in the world is, of course, greater than ever before and beyond the com- To me, therefore, it is clear that, while the leading men of the world are convened to draw up conditions of peace, there is no man or set of men who can by pencil and paper establish a peace which can en- dure in the presence of the distress throughout the world. I refer, of course, primarily to conditions in those countries which have suffered directly from the war. “As soon as the armistice was signed we, who were informed concerning the crying needs of the world, felt an impelling obligation to get together for the purpose of finding a way of contributing to the world the benefit of our experience, with the purpose of coordinating the efforts of all the Red Cross Societies of the world in the interest of mankind. It seemed to us that with a League of Nations based upon high ideals there should also come a League of Red Cross Socie- ties of nations, and that there should be developed in every country an ac- tive Red Cross society for the pur- pose of doing everything possible to endeavor not only to cure disease but, So far as practicable, to cleanse the world and prevent disease and suffer- ing. - “If it had been possible to effect this organization two years ago, it is con- ceivable that there would be going to- day to the various countries now in distress supplies and aid which would give comfort to, and restore to health, millions of people who cannot now be cared for. “One of the strongest features of the plan, as I see it, is that it encour- ages all endeavor. It can create no jealousies. It conflicts with no socie- ties and involves an expenditure tri- fling in amount when compared with the result to be obtained.” r 10 T EIE R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN War Council from Personal Side - (Continued from page 3) sonally throughout his War Council career were not those bestowed by foreign rulers and governments, but those which carried with them the esteem of his fellow workers of the Red Cross. The most cherished memories are a set of resolutions pre- sented to him by the workers of the Red Cross organization in Paris, and the presentation of a bronze statuette of the “Greatest Mother in the World,” the gift of the Washington headquarters staff of the American Red Cross. With Mr. Davison on the original War Council were Major Grayson McP. Murphy, Cornelius N. Bliss, Jr., Edward N. Hurley and Charles D. Norton. Major Murphy, West Point graduate, banker and man-of- affairs, was entrusted with the tre- mendous task of organizing the American Red Cross work in France. The results he accomplished tell their own story. Observers journeyed to France a few months after Major Murphy had established himself there and were dumfounded by the mar- velous accomplishments wrought in the way of effective organization in so short a time. Then suddenly came the terrible crisis in Italy. It was Major Murphy, acting on instructions from the War Council as a whole, who hurried across the Alps, and, with the relief that he was able to mobilize on short notice, carried the spirit of America to the Italians, thereby, as has been declared many times since, “saving the day.” The world knows the effect of the resolu- tion of the Italians when inspired with new courage in the hour of dark despair. Having completed the organization work in France and set up a system of thorough efficiency, Major Mur- phy, when the time came for the American Army to assume activity in France, felt it his duty to resign his Red Cross position and give his mili- tary services to the Government which had educated him. He joined the American Expeditionary Forces as a member of General Pershing’s staff. Edward N. Hurley of Chicago, manufacturer and a pioneer in the movement of recent years looking to the building up of stronger trade re- lations between the United States and foreign countries, had been chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, but had retired to look after his pri- vate interests some time before the United States entered the war. Sum- moned back to public duty when the real crisis came he remained on the Red Cross War Council only a short time, President Wilson desiring his Services as chairman of the reorgan- ized Shipping Board. - Mr. Hurley's successor on the Wa Council was John D. Ryan, president of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, and a director in many of the largest industrial institutions of the country. After sixteen months’ service Mr. Ryan was transferred to another field of activity, being given full control over the work of aircraft construction for the military forces of the Government. Subsequently, fulfilling the same duty, he was ap- pointed an Assistant Secretary of War. r { Charles D. Norton, a vice-presi- dent of one of the large New York banks, and formerly an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury and secre- tary to the President under President Taft, resigned from the War Council in the early part of 1918 because of the pressure of other business, but continued as a member of the execu- tive committee. Of the original appointed members, Mr. Bliss, banker and merchant of large interests, has, with Mr. Davison, continued to serve to the end. In all the intricate and difficult problems that have come before the Red Cross in months of great effort Mr. Bliss has given, unselfishly, his labors and his advice. r Harvey D. Gibson, the young presi- dent of the Liberty National Bank of New York City, who came to na- tional headquarters with Mr. Davison to take the position of general man- ager of the Red Cross, was made a member of the War Council to suc- ceed Major Murphy. Later Mr. Gib- Son went abroad on a Red Cross mis- Sion, and when Major Perkins, who succeeded Major Murphy as commis- Sioner for France, resigned from that position, Mr. Gibson was appointed to take his place. Subsequently he became the directing head of the gen- eral Red Cross commission for all Europe while retaining his title as commissioner for France. Soon after the signing of the armis- tice, Mr. Gibson resigned from the War Council, but continued his serv- ice in Europe. He was succeeded on the War Council by George Eaton Scott of Chicago, first vice-president of the American Steel Foundries. Mr. Scott joined the national headquarters staff in June, 1917, and had charge of the work of organizing the fourteen divisions. He succeeded Mr. Gibson as general manager when the latter went abroad, and has continued to serve in that capacity as a member of the War Council. * George B. Case entered upon the Red Cross work as legal adviser for the War Council soon after that body was created. In normal times he prac- tices his profession in New York City. The intricate work involving the international relations of the American Red Cross has been car- ried out under his direction and su- pervision. w a r The vacancy caused by the resig- nation of John D. Ryan—who did not formally sever his connections with the War Council until some time after his appointment as director of aircraft construction—was filled by the appointment of Jesse H. Jones, a Texas business man of many large interests, who previously had been director general of the Red Cross De- partment of Military Relief. During the short time following his appoint- ment to the War Council Mr. Jones has been in Europe looking after im- portant phases of the Red Cross work. s Ex-officio members of the War Council, who have served from start to finish, are former President Taft and Eliot Wadsworth, chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the / central committee. Mr. Wadsworth's home is Boston. He is an electrical engineer by profession. He retired from numerous business connections in August, 1916, to become vice-chair- man of the central committee, and has given all his time and ability to the Red Cross service until now. The office of assistant to the War Council, which was created to make available the services of Mrs. August Belmont of New York, who formerly had done much important Red Cross work in France, will pass along with the War Council. All of those who are relinquishing titles, however, will continue their interest in the work and be at all times at call for advice. This, in brief, is the story of the Red Cross War Council from the per- SMITH COLLEGE UNIT DISTRIBUTING GIFTS TO REPATRIES, ON THE SOMME MISS MARIE WOLF, DIRECTOR OF SMITH UNIT, IN “HER ROOM’’ AT GRECOURT, AS THE GERMANS LEFT IT sonal side. Its passing will not affect in any way the Red Cross organiza- tion. Those who volunteered for service during a critical emergency simply have retired to take up their private vocations. The great work will go forward under a new execu- tive head, Dr. Livingston Farrand, who has been chosen for his peculiar fitness to direct the tasks of the fu- ture. He will devote his whole time to the service as chairman of the con- stitutional governing body. The Central Committee of the Uru- guayan Red Cross is made up entirely of women. More Nurses for Siberia To supplement and replace the Red Cross personnel whose terms are ex- piring, and who must return to their posts in China, Lieut. Col. R. B. Teus- ler, Red Cross Commissioner for Si- beria, has called for thirty nurses, twenty doctors, four pharmacists and twenty-five nurses' aids, preferably those who speak Czech or Russian, to serve at once in the Far East. A pathetic detail of the Siberian work was the death of Miss Grace McBride, a member of the first unit. Miss McBride joined the Red Cross Nursing Service in Huang Hiick, Shantung, China, and was among the first nurses to begin the pioneer work in the Far East. A report states that she died “from typhus fever con- tracted in pursuance of her duties at the American Hospital at Tumen, Western Siberia, and was buried on Christmas Eve, in the presence of American and Czech soldiers” near the big hospital on the other side of the world. Military Personnel Changes The following changes in the per- sonnel of the Department of Military Relief have been announced : J. A. Farwell of Chicago has been appointed director of the Bureau of Motor Service, succeeding A. Z. Piz- zini, who has resigned. Mr. Farwell is a full time volunteer. Paul G. Robinson of Corwensville, Pa., has been appointed director of the Bureau of Canteen Service, suc- ceeding Mr. Pizzini, who was di- rector of this bureau also. L. G. Sheafer of Pottsville, Pa., has been appointed associate director of the Bureau of Camp Service, where he will serve as a full time volunteer. The French Red Cross is planning to take care of the graves of French soldiers buried in the Orient through its committee in Saloniki. The American Red Cross hospitals in England and France are using ab- sorbent “cotton” made of wood fiber. 12 T H E R E 1) cross B U L L E T | N TWO MILLION FOR POLAND Entire Population of Coº to Have Benefit of Relief A.d- ed by the Red Cross Among the last acts of the War Council of the American Red Cross was the appropriation of $2,000,000 to cover relief work in Poland during the six months ending July 31. An- nouncement of the appropriation was almost simultaneous with that of the arrival in Poland of the American Red Cross Commission, which is to spend the money in helping to relieve the appalling conditions which a sur- vey has disclosed there. The Red Cross work will supplement that of the inter-allied commission to Po- land, which has undertaken the re- vitaillement of the stricken country. In addition to providing special food for children and sick persons, and relieving the immediate needs of those in destitute circumstances, the Red Cross will establish dispensaries in five or six of the principal cities and distribute clothing, blankets, shoes and knitted articles among the needy. Drugs and medical equip- ment for the dispensaries and sup- plies for the general relief work are now being transported to Poland from the Red Cross warehouses in Europe. Included in the personnel of the Red Cross Commission are a number of medical specialists, fifteen Polish-American and four American nurses, who will cooperate with the governmental authorities in formu- lating a general health program for the country. Dr. Walter C. Bailey of Boston and Major Franciszek E. Fronczak, Health Commissioner of Buffalo and representative in Paris of all Poles in America through the Polish National Committee in Europe, head the Red Cross Commission. Major Fronczak was especially detailed to the task by the United States Army. Cooperat- ing with the commission are Morti- mer Schiff of New York and Boris Bogen, representing the Joint Dis- tribution Committee for the Relief of Jewish Sufferers. The entire popula- tion of Poland, without discrimina- tion, is to have the benefit of the re- lief work of the Red Cross expedi- tion. Central’s New Manager E. K. Hardy of Chicago has been appointed manager of the Central Di- vision of the Red Cross, to succeed How ard W. Fenton, who has re- sigr Mr Hardy, who has been as- sistaneºmanager of the division since the first of the present year, and who form erly was director of the division Department of Supplies, will con- tinue to serve as a full time volunteer. RED CROSS FOLDER-PHOTO OF SOLDIER GRAVES -> Plans have been perfected by the American Red Cross whereby photo- graphs of the identified graves of American soldiers in France will be sent to the relatives of the heroes in this country. Several hundred such photographs have already been for- warded to the families of men who died in service overseas, and an an- nouncement authorized last week says the work of obtaining the photographs has been speeded up to the point where production from now on is expected to reach about 7,000 every month. The photograph is sent to the dead sol- dier's next of kin. The Red Cross has taken over the task of photographing the graves at the request of the War Department, and is acting under the authority of Lieut. Col. C. C. Pierce of the Graves The headquarters of the service are at Registration Service. Tours, F rance. Each photograph is mounted in a cardboard folding frame, one side of which contains data concerning the dead soldier. While all requests for such photo- graphs should be forwarded to the Bureau of Communications of the American Red Cross, and not to the Graves Registration Service of the Army, such requests are not really necessary and will not hurry the re- ceipt of the photograph. Neither will special requests receive any special consideration. Every identified grave in France is to be photographed under a plan worked out by the Army, and the photographers will not be per- mitted to deviate from this arrange- ment in order to take the picture of any particular grave. The American Red Cross will forward the photo- graphs to relatives as soon as they are received at headquarters. - H / S 757 A 4. WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 10, 1919 MESSAGE AND SUMMONS TO RED CROSS MEMBERS War Task Not Yet Finished, Says Chairman Farrand, Outlining Work and Financial Situation? To THE MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS: Speaking as the new chairman of the Central Committee of the Ameri- can Red Cross, to which the War Council has now returned the respon- sibility of direction, I wish my first message to be one of congratulation, but to be, at the program is not ended with the armis- tice. Our army is still in Europe, and while France, Italy and Belgium are rapidly assuming the responsibili- ties within their own borders, our work there cannot be ended suddenly. And now the calls from Poland, the Balkans, Russia and Palestine have Red Cross Bulletin No. 11 It is now apparent that this is not the case. In spite of the strictest over- sight of commitments and the most rigid economy, the appropriations by the War Council for relief in Europe for the months of January and Feb- ruary have been the largest in the his- In other words, the war task of the Red Cross is not yet finished and our divisions tory of the organization. and chapters must hold themselves or- dered and ready for instant service. A further appeal for funds will be postponed until the same time, a sum- 111011S. The accomplish- ments of the last two years have been vast and in- spiring. Wherever the call has been he a r d, the Red Cross was ready. While the more dramatic undertak- ings may h a ve been upon the Eu- ropean fronts, it must always be re- membered that - last possible mo- ment, but we must face the high prob- ability that before the year is ended such a call will CO1116. While the chief energies of the Red Cross must still, for a short time, be de- voted to the pro- gram of war, the program of peace, broader and more fundamentally im- portant, is opening those splendid and achieving groups A. R. C. NAVY HOSPITAL, OVERLOOKING HYDE PARK, LONDON before our eyes. In reality it is already of workers on the other side would have been helpless without the spirit, will and effort of the millions of men and women who make up the Red Cross in America. Accepting its commission from the American people, the Red Cross built up a war program of service not only to our own soldiers and sailors and their families, but to the war-stricken peoples of our allies, particularly where the distress of the refugees and helpless children made an appeal which could not be disregarded. This war forced the sending of new commis- sions to those countries to bring, in the name of the American people, that emergency relief in sickness and suf- fering which only the Red Cross is or- ganize, "o carry. These urgent prob- lems of rehabilitation have emerged within the last three months. It was expected last November that the effort already made and the funds in hand would be sufficient completely to meet the obligations which the Red Cross had been forced to undertake. taking shape, and the activities of the great organization in public health, in nursing, in home service, in junior membership, etc., are pointing the way to the new field which the new Red Cross shall fill. The details of this peace program are being worked out with the utmost care and caution, and will be pre- sented as rapidly as they can safely be formulated, or as the termination of the demands of war will allow new obligations to be assumed. In the meantime, the immediate ob- 2 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ligation is clear: to carry through to an effective end, at home and abroad, the war program undertaken in the name of the American people. There remains the inspiring future, where the new spirit of service, born of the war and symbolized by the American Red Cross, shall be turned to the pre- vention of disease, the relief of suffer- ing and the improvement of the con- ditions under which we live. LIVINGSTON FARRAND, Chairman of the Central Committee. Casualty Bureau in New York The New York County Chapter of the Red Cross has established at 20 East 38th Street, New York City, a Casualty Bureau, for information in regard to the arrival of sick and wounded soldiers and military units on the Atlantic Coast. Within twenty- four hours after a vessel reaches its dock at the port of New York a com- plete card index of its wounded pas- sengers is dispatched by special mes- senger from the division headquar- ters of the American Red Cross to the headquarters mentioned above. At once the names of the wounded soldiers are placed in a complete filing system, with the name of the steam- ers on which they arrived, their mili- tary rank, and the names of the hos- pitals or camps to which they have been sent. An extensive telephone system has been installed, and only a few minutes are necessary to answer an inquiry in regard to the arrival of a wounded sol- dier. The office is open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m., and aside from the tele- phone service a large number of rela- tives and friends of soldiers call to make personal inquiries concerning their “boys.” These people are re- ceived by the women volunteers. The bureau welcomes inquiries from Chapters throughout the country. More than $5,000,000 worth of clothing has been prepared for the refugees in Siberia through the joint efforts of the American and the Brit- ish Red Cross societies. Philip L. Ross, assistant secretary of the Red Cross, has been designated by the Executive Committee as assist- ant to the acting chairman, succeeding Joseph R. Hamlen. Mr. Ross will continue as assistant secretary. Recreational Talent Wanted Two hundred trained men to aid in recreational work for convalescing American soldiers, sailors and ma- rines in some fifty reconstruction hos- pitals in the United States are needed at once by the American Red Cross, and will be paid for their services. Fifty band and orchestra leaders, fifty song leaders, fifty dramatic in- structors, and fifty men to promote indoor and outdoor games are being sought. The number of wounded American fighting men in this country is grow- ing rapidly and the recreational ac- tivities of the Bureau of Camp Serv- ice of the Red Cross are increasing proportionately. Sewing Machines Needed Sewing machines are among the greatest needs of the devastated dis- tricts of France, according to a cable- gram recently received from the American Red Cross commissioner for that country. With plenty of ma- chines the women of these districts could make large quantities of gar- ments to supply the wants of the peo- ple in general, and it is estimated that the saving over the cost of making up some of the material in factories would equal the cost of the machines. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN NURSE DECORATED FOR WALOR Distinguished Service Cross Awarded Miss Beatrice MacDonald for Heroism in Air Raid “For extraordinary heroism against an armed foe,” Miss Beatrice Mary MacDonald, a Red Cross nurse as- signed to the Army Nurse Corps, was decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross by Secretary of War afternoon, Feb- Baker Thursday ruary 28. MISS BEATRICE MACDONALD Miss MacDonald, whose home is in New York City, went overseas with the Presbyterian Hospital Unit in 1916, and has served twenty-one months in France and Belgium. While in Evacuation Hospital No. 2, on the night of August 17, 1917, during a German air raid, Miss MacDonald was wounded, and lost the sight of her right eye. “Three bombs,” writes the chief nurse of the unit, “fell within a few seconds of each other. Two English sisters were also hurt, several orderlies and an English offi- cer were killed, and several men ter- ribly wounded. Miss MacDonald has been very plucky and her influence . FRENICH WOMEN TURNING IN COMFORT BAGS FOR RETURNING U. S. SOLDIERS AT A. R. C. HEADQUARTERS, BIARRITZ and standards here in the unit have been of the highest order.” Miss MacDonald is the first woman to receive the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States Gov- ernment. The cross was formally presented to her by the Secretary of War at the same time that nine liaison officers of foreign governments were decorated with the Distinguished Service Medal. Miss MacDonald has been awarded the British Military Medal “for bravery in the field,” and the medal of the British Royal Red Cross. A personal letter from General Per- shing, addressed to her and to Miss Eva Jean Parmelee of Springfield, Mass., a Red Cross nurse also wounded during an air raid at her post in an evacuation hospital oper- ating room, reads: “The commander-in-chief wishes to express appreciation of the excep- tional conduct which you have dis- played upon this occasion. Such bravery on the part of one of our compatriots calls forth our deepest admiration, and is a source of in- spiration to us all.” C. S. Quinn of Boston has been appointed executive manager of the nursing survey. His appointment fills the vacancy caused by the ap- pointment of F. C. Munroe as general manager of the Red Cross. Dr. Farrand on Way to France Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, sailed for France Saturday, March 8, on La Lor- raine. He expects to return to America the latter part of April. Dr. Farrand’s object in going to Europe at this time is to get in touch with the American Red Cross work there, after having seen the new or- ganization following the retirement of the War Council established, and the plans for the future set in motion at headquarters. He also will be in close touch with Henry P. Davison, for- merly chairman of the War Council, in arranging for the International Con- ference of Red Cross Societies, called to meet at Geneva thirty days after the declaration of peace. In connection with the International Conference, Dr. Farrand has arranged to have several American experts in matters relating to public health fol- low him to Europe within the next two weeks, to meet similar experts from the allied countries in a con- ference at Cannes, to consider ques- tions which later will come up for action before the Red Cross represen tatives at the Geneva Convention. The Italian Red Cross has insti- tuted special schools for the educa- tion of the maimed. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSSBUILDING WASHINGTON, D.C. Application made for entry, to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington. BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President JoHN SKEL'ron WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AXSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingsron FARRAND. Chairman Central Committee WILLouGHBY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 10, 1919 The Clothing Drive The American Red Cross drive this Spring will not be for money, but for clothing to meet the urgent needs of millions of destitute people in the countries that have borne the burden of the world struggle for liberty. Money, if possessed in plenty, would not buy the garments to put on the backs of these distressed people, be- cause the war has left the store- houses empty, and the material to make into articles to wear cannot be had except as it is supplied from afar by those who have it to spare. The bounty of governments and the sympathy of those who have for- tunately escaped the worst of war's horrors must feed and clothe a large percentage of the civilized human race until such time as the suffering nations are restored to approximate normal conditions, and their peoples enabled to resume their vocations and pursuits in the general scheme of life. At no such sacrifice as has marked other drives in connection with the war—at no sacrifice at all, in fact— America now has another splendid opportunity to show the world the practical value of its heart’s sym- pathy. Everyone should make the suc- cess of this drive of the week of March 24-31 a matter of his own personal interest. Red Cross Chap- ters, of course, will see to it that no one, fails to understand what is con- templated; there is scarcely any limit to the demand that is to be met. Mil- lions of garments, shoes and blankets are wanted ; millions must be gath- ered to prevent even worse conditions than already exist. And all that is necessary to insure the complete carrying out of the program is to have information properly dissem- inated. A grand cleaning out of closets and clothes chests, getting rid of gar- ments that have served their original purpose—things that you never will want again for personal use—will re- sult in one of the finest contributions to suffering humanity any country ever was called upon to make. “Over the top” once more! The Reality “You cannot realize what it all means unless you see it” has become a stereotyped phrase through its oft- repeated expression in the letters written by soldiers and oral state- ments by various observers respect- ing work by the American Red Cross. Trite as it may have become, how- ever, it is a commonplace which will not pall so long as the memories of the war endure. The truth of it makes it something which those who have seen and realized wish they might make as clear and tangible to all the other men and women in the land. - It would be a grand thing, indeed, if all who have not been in direct contact with some phase of the active Red Cross work among our soldiers— been eye-witnesses as well as heart- sympathizers in connection with the administering of the “human touch” that is the telling feature—could by some power be given a glimpse of a single branch of such activity. The revelation would find universal ap- preciation. In a manner, many of those re- moved from the scenes of action may visualize the work through the things related by their soldier relatives and the friends who have “been there.” But no matter how impressed one may be by second-hand information, it is a psychological law that the senses must experience the reality in order to give the mind its fullest con- ception. Just to visit a hospital and grasp the Red Cross spirit in action, meeting every want as it occurs, or to observe the women of the can- teen service as a transport from France is docked at an American port—not to speak of the varied serv- ice performed on the other side—is something to stimulate for the bal- ance of a lifetime. Whatever the degree of previous visualization through the mind’s eye, the person thus brought in touch with the actuality would join the chorus in exclaiming: “You cannot realize what it all means unless you see it.” Commissioner Endicott Resigns Lieutenant Colonel William Endi- cott has resigned as Red Cross Com- missioner for Great Britain, to take effect March 15, when he will return to his home in Boston to take up his private interests as a member of the firm of Kidder, Peabody & Co. He has been the head of the American Red Cross Commission for Great Britain since October, 1917. Major R. Stuart Smith, who has served as deputy commissioner for Great Britain, will become head of the com- mission to close up the work. Headquarters Personnel Changes H. F. Enlows, formerly assistant to the director of the Bureau of Camp Service, has been appointed associate director of the bureau. - Louis J. Hunter has been appointed comptroller. W. C. Lewis, who has been chief accountant, succeeds Mr. Hunter as deputy comptroller. Rent O. Mitchell, director of the Bureau of American Personnel, has resigned to resume his business inter- ests in Chicago. E. S. Alden has been appointed personnel officer of the Bureau of Camp Service, and William A. Kemper will be in charge of na- tional headquarters personnel inter- ests formerly under the direction of Mr. Mitchell. H. A. Smith has been appointed director of the Bureau of Standards, to succeed Austen Gailey, who has resigned to enter business in Omaha. J. P. Lawyer has been appointed business manager of the New York Branch of Red Cross national head- quarters, succeeding R. A. Read, who has been appointed division account- ant of the Atlantic Division. T EIE R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ALSACE-L0RRAINE By CONSTANCE WINIFRED STUMPE Charlemagne had two sons, Pippin and Lothair, between whom he di- vided his kingdom. To Pippin fell the land on the west, home of the Franks; to Lothair the valleys of the Meuse, Moselle and the Rhine. The kingdom of Lothair was called Lothringus, or what we today call Lorraine, so it would seem that the claim of France to this disputed bit of territory goes back farther than 1871, farther than Louis XIV, whom the Germans ac- cused of stealing it, back to that king of the Franks who down into the flowering valleys of the Rhine, and over the fields of Lorraine there stands a white monument, erected to the first three American soldiers who gave their lives for France. Below the graven names of this heroic trio rest the arms of Lor- raine, with its feathery thistles carved in the eternal marble, abloom forever in memory of these Americans, in memory of Lorraine, for whom they died. It is a fair land, drained by the River Moselle, that runs through fer- tile grape country, and further south, by the Rhine as it comes down from wreaths and tokens of the mourning of France. Today that same memorial is abloom with lilies and gay with the dear tricolor, for Strassburg is French once more; Alsace has come back to the waiting arms of Mother France. The streets of these Alsatian cities are thronged with American soldiers. Little Alsatian girls with huge bows in their hair wear Old Glory and the French tricolor side by side. A letter comes from a soldier in Colmar: “This city, which I have seen so sad, it is difficult to recognize. Its dear little old streets, so narrow that the flags touch each other, forming a col- orful arch above ruled at that point our heads, sing of in time when his– torians say ancient history ends and modern begins— 800–814. Existing along with the greater part of Middle Europe, as part of the Holy Roman empire, and later as a detached state, peopled by Ger- mans, Alsace was a n n exe d to the realm of “the Sun King,” Louis XIV, in the middle of the seventeenth century, in return for certain favors done the inhabi- tants. When the ruling house in Lorraine died out the land reverted to the re 1 a ted House of Bourbon, STRASSIBOURG STATUE IN PARIS RETURN OF ALSACE-LORRAINE TO FRANCE DECORATED IN CELEBRATION OF THE dren. the happiness of Alsace. There are old flags of the time before the o the r war, old faded flags, and there are rich silk flags, whose colors may not be quite true, perhaps, that have been hastily fashioned by loyal fingers out of dancing frocks and wedding go w n s, whose white is old ivory, and whose red is ashes of TOSes. . . “Today I went to the schools, w he re the Red Cross was dis- tributing chocolate a mong the chil- There has not been such a party for a long then on the French throne. What more natural and legiti- mate acquisition than this? On June 9, 1871, by virtue of the Treaty of Frankfort, Alsace-Lorraine passed into the hands of the German Emperor, a territory of 5,600 square miles, with nearly 2,000,000 inhabi- tants. And what of the conquered territories? They must be German- ized. They must speak German, look German, think German. Thousands of workers were deported into Ger- many to learn German ways and Ger- man methods. German was taught in the schools. The French language was forbidden. In spite of their efforts we see how well they succeeded in draw- ing the mailed gauntlet over the silk glove of Francel Beneath it all the 1111es bloom Americans feel a peculiar and spe- cial sentiment in the return of the lost colonies. On a rolling hill that looks the Swiss Alps. Between lie the ex- tended ranges of the Vosges, the “blue Alsatian mountains,” theme of an old waltz song. Its generous fields yield quantities of sugar beets, hops, to- bacco, flax, hemp and luscious fruits. The mines of Lorraine produce coal, iron and salt. Rich booty for the con- querors of 1871 ! Metz, Colmar, Strassburg and Muhlhausen are the largest cities, each boasting well over 20,000 inhabitants. The last existed as an independent city-republic until 1798, when it vol- untarily and unanimously asked to be incorporated in the French Republic Who shall call it German P About the city of Strassburg, capi- tal of Alsace, romance and sentiment cling. Its memorial has stood weeping in the Place de la Concorde in Paris for forty years, the shrine of loyal Frenchmen, covered with myrtle time, for chocolate has sold for 5 and 6 marks a cake Most of the children are poorly clad, wearing paper shoes, but all are wearing the loyal cockade, and there is new happiness in their wan little faces, for they know, although they do not understand, that something wonderful has happened. Fairer days are coming ! The lilies will bloom again!” Speeded on to Poland The American Red Cross Commis- sion for Poland was accorded an en- thusiastic reception on its passage through Geneva and Berne, Switzer- land, it is stated in a cablegram from the latter place. Receptions and din- ners in honor of the commissioners were given in both cities. A special train conveyed the Red Cross party from Berne on its journey to Warsaw. T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HOUSES AT CIBORNE, FRANCE, WHERE REFU GEES HAVE BEEN CARED FOR BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS Bonus for Soldiers and Nurses Section 1406 of the Revenue Act, approved February 24, 1919, author- izes the payment of a bonus of $60 to officers, soldiers, field clerks and nurses of the Army upon honorable separation from active service by dis- charge, resignation or otherwise. This bonus is not payable to the heirs or representatives of any deceased soldier. Those who are discharged here- after will receive this bonus on the same roll or voucher upon which they are paid their final pay. Those who have been discharged and have received their final pay without the $60 bonus, should write a letter to the Zone Finance Officer, Lemon Building, Washington, D. C., stating their service since April 6, 1917, the date of last discharge and their present address to which they desire their bonus checks to be sent and enclosing with this letter their discharge certificate or military order for discharge and both, if both were issued. Upon the receipt of the zone finance officer, Washington, D. C., of this in- formation and the soldier's discharge certificate, this officer will cause checks to be drawn and mailed to the claimants in the order in which their claims were received by him. The discharge certificate will be returned to the soldier with the check. It is estimated that at least one mil- lion and a quarter persons have been discharged from the service who are entitled to the benefits of this act, and, while payments will be made as expeditiously as practicable, it will manifestly take considerable time to write and mail so many checks. Red Cross Money Exchange Swapping United States currency for British money for returning American fighting men has been an activity of the American Red Cross Commission to Great Britain which has kept about a score of men and women busy early and late, and has been abundantly appreciated by the men, according to a letter from Com- missioner William Endicott just re- ceived at national headquarters of the American Red Cross in Washington. Over 126,000 pounds sterling had been exchanged for American troops up to a recent date. The exchange has been made at many points con- venient for the men—at rest camps, in hospitals, on docks, on ships, and under many adverse circumstances. In handling approximately $604,800 for the men under such circum- stances through a corps of workers, some of whom were not familiar with American currency, Commissioner Endicott found his cash just 6 shil- lings out. “This, I think, is a really remark- able showing,” he writes, “and we country. cannot help being a little proud. It shows our people have been most re- liable and painstaking. Before the ar- rival of the money which you sent us from America it was necessary for us to buy American currency from various banks here in Great Britain at varying rates of exchange. We sold it to the men at the flat rate of $4.80 (per pound). This made a small loss on the transaction; but this whole thing cost us less than 20 cents per man, and I do not think we have done any work here in Great Britain which was appreciated more by the individual soldier and the Army.” No Bolshevik Money American Red Cross headquarters has officially denied a story printed recently, under a Paris date, to the effect that it had agreed to accept $500,000 from the Russian Bolsheviki Red Cross, to help defray the expense of relief work among the Russian prisoners in German camps. The statement says the American Red Cross has had no relations of any kind with any bolsheviki organiza- tion. The American Red Cross alone, the statement continues, is providing the money and supplies for the spe- cial Red Cross mission which has been sent to Germany to relieve the distress of Russian prisoners in that MRS. FRANK V. HAMMAR Mrs. Hammar, Chairman of the St. Louis Chapter, was chosen a member of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross at the recent annual meet- ing. She also is a member of the Woman’s Advisory Committee. T EI E AMERICAN HOTEL IN PARIS How American Red Cross Met Gen. Pershing's Request to Provide for Needs of Army Officers The following interesting account of the establishment of an American hotel for American officers in Paris was written by L. M. Boomer, man- ager of one of the largest hotels in New York City, under whose direc- tion the enterprise depicted was car- ried out: “We have long been accustomed to thinking of Chinatown as being part of New York; we do not make the mistake of thinking that the Latin quarter is in Rome; but who ever heard of a real American hotel, with the American ‘eats’ and American service, moved to Paris? Yet the war has done many strange things. When General Pershing informed the Red Cross that there was need of an American hotel in Paris for the American officers when on leave, the Red Cross did not hesitate to carry out his request, and as a result I ar- rived in Paris early in November. “The foundation of the hotel was already there—the task that con- fronted us was Americanization. The Old Hotel de Louvre was taken over by the Red Cross, with all the French servants ready to respond to the new order of things. It was simply up to me to add the home touch. The best piece of home comforts possible was right on hand, for at Paris Miss Mary Elizabeth was making dough- nuts and pastry for the convalescent and sick soldiers. She is now in- stalled in our hotel as supervisor of the pastry kitchen. “The hotel is under military con-- trol, all the staff, from the head waiter to the manager, being army men. They are all men who have had years of experience in this particular field. Our two assistants and, of course, the manager himself, are professionals. Even the buyer was buyer for the French Army during the war and con- sequently knows a thing or two about the wants of fighting men. He has at his disposal the commissary of the Red Cross and the Army, as well as the Paris markets. “The hotel accommodates 500 offi- cers. A private home, formerly be- longing to the Prince of Monaco, has been turned into an officers’ club, where 600 can sleep and have an American breakfast next day. The billeting bureau keeps a record of all available rooms in private homes and small boarding houses, so that alto- gether over 2,000 men are looked after every night. “The charges are nominal, but fair. The officers like to feel that they are paying for what they get. So they are, but not prohibitive prices charged by the other hotels. Pleasures have their place here, too—pool, billiards, reading rooms, plenty of music, and once a month a dance for the Red Cross workers. The hotel is full to the brim every night. It has answered a need, and, therefore, will continue its work as long as there is any need to be answered.” ORIGIN OF SWISS FLAG How did Switzerland come by her simple, straightforward flag, a square white cross upon a red ground, the reversing of which has given to civilization the equally simple and straightforward flag of the Red Cross P Switzerland has not long been a united nation; throughout the dark and middle ages each canton jealously guarded the independence of its own banner. Which of these cantonal ban- ners, all rich in histories of patriotism and the evolution of human liberty could forever unfurl the importance of these hardy mountaineers who held the passes between northern and southern Europe? The final choice fell upon the flag of the Canton of Schwyz. Under her banner, which dates from the reign of Charlemagne, a united and modern Swiss Republic enjoys a guaranteed peace. The origin of this ancient flag is as follows: The armies of Charlemagne were much harassed by the Swiss tribes, still largely barbarous, when cross- ing and recrossing between the sur- rounding territories which owed allegiance to the great Frankish em- peror. Charlemagne sent for a mis- sionary monk named Gall, who had ventured among the unenlightened tribes with his message of charity and good-will. In reply to Charlemagne's complaint that his soldiers were shot by bolts from behind every crag, Gall replied that the mountaineers in turn were destroyed by Frankish soldiers; how could the roads be open for pass- ing troops? How could the Alps be included in the Christian empire of Charlemagne? Missionaries as a rule are very set in their ways, very tenacious of cus- tom, very insistent upon theology. Fortunately this brave monk, who had faced alone the suspicious ignorance of men who fought with bears and walked the treacherous glacier, was of a larger mold. “Yes,” he said, “I will Christianize these rude men to this ex- tent: I will ask each man in a tribe to kiss a white cross upon a red ground, that they can clearly see and recognize against our snow-covered slopes. You, in turn, must guarantee that your soldiers will pass in peace wherever men live under the protec- tion of this Schwyz banner.” In this way did the first Swiss en- ter the concourse of nations; with so large a liberality did the Genevan cross begin its service in the history of mankind. During the month of December 1ast the American Red Cross clothed 850 persons in the City of Laon. S T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN OLD JOBS OR BETTER FOR ALL WOUNDED MEN American Government's Scheme of Vocational Retraining Is More Ambitious Than That of Other Nations in the War Thousands of American soldiers, so maimed in the fighting in France as to be unable to return to their old employment, are unaware that the American Government has made every provision for their complete re- habilitation in civil life. |Many of the wounded will be able to go back to their old jobs, so Uncle Sam's greatest anxiety is to find and tell those who cannot that he will train them for new vocations, pay all the bills, including the living ex- penses, and also assist any dependents of the soldier while he is being re- fitted for civilian usefulness. It is a matter of paramount importance to the nation and the soldier alike, and accordingly the program provided by Congress is the most liberal adopted by any nation in the war. At least 20,000 disabled fighters are entitled to the benefits offered by the Federal Board for Vocational Educa- tion, and so well started is the work that more than 500 have actually be- gun the reeducation that will give them new trades and professions fitted to their handicaps. It is the hope of the Federal Board that no disabled soldier or sailor will fail to avail himself of the services to which he is entitled because he did not know of them. To this end the country is being combed from coast to coast to locate all who do not understand that a new start in life which will make them self-supporting and independent is theirs for the asking. “It is not charity,” declared Presi- dent Wilson in a letter to Dr. C. A. Prosser, director of the Federal Board. “It is merely the payment of a draft of honor which the United States of America accepted when it. selected these men and took them in their health and strength to fight the battles of the nation. They have fought the good fight, they have kept the faith, and they have won. Now we keep faith with them, and every citizen is indorser on the general obligation. The act of Congress under which the Federal Board carries on the work is known as the Vocational Re- habilitation Law. It was passed unanimously and signed by the Presi- dent on June 27, 1918. It charges the Federal Board with seeing that every disabled soldier, sailor or marine en- titled to compensation under the War Risk Insurance Law gets his old job back or another suitable one. And for those whose disabilities make it im- possible for them to take up their old callings retraining in a new vocation at the Government’s expense is pro- vided. It further provides that while the soldier, sailor or marine is thus being trained he will be supported jointly by the Federal Board and the War Risk Insurance Bureau, while any dependents also receive Federal aid. To cover this expense $2,000,000 has already been appropriated, and there is ample assurance that more will be forthcoming if needed. Tuition, books and other equip- ment and living expenses are pro- vided all disabled fighters taking training courses approved by the Fed- eral Board, which may range from six months’ shop training to a full four-year college course. The com- pensation allowed while training lasts equals the monthly sum to which the soldier, sailor or marine is entitled under the War Risk Insurance Law, or a sum equal to his pay for the last month he was in active service, if that be greater. In no case will a single man, or one required by his course of instruction to live apart from his dependents, receive less than $65 a month, exclusive of the sum paid dependents, nor will a man living with his dependents receive less than $75 per month, inclusive of the amount paid the family. If a man’s disability does not pre- vent him from returning to employ- ment without retraining, and he chooses to follow a course of voca- tional training provided by the Fed- eral Board, the course will be fur- nished free of cost and the compensa- tion provided by the War Risk In- surance Law will be paid him, but no allowance will be paid his family. In addition to the above the family or dependents of each disabled man will receive, during his period of training, the same monthly allowance that was paid prior to his discharge. Present estimates of the Federal authorities place the number of dis- abled men at about 100,000. Of this number, it is estimated, 80,000 will be able to go back to their old occu- pations, leaving about 20,000 who need retraining. The experience of England, France and Canada is that only about 25 per cent of those need- ing retraining take advantage of what their government stands ready to do for them, but it is believed and hoped by the Federal Board that in view of the greater generosity of this gov- ernment the percentage here will be much larger. - In its intensive effort to bring to the attention of every disabled fighter entitled to retraining just what the Government stands ready and eager to do, the Federal Board is assisted by many agencies. Information con- cerning such men is obtained through the War Risk Insurance Bureau, the Department of Labor, hospitals, the American Red Cross and from friends and relatives of the men. Contact with men registered for retraining is established without delay by letter or personal interview. Vocational sur- veys are then made to determine the applicant’s aptitudes, preferences, dis- abilities and capabilities, and on the basis of all data collected specific rec- Ommendations are made for training or placement in a position as the case requires. - Here is the message that the United States Government, through the Fed- eral Board for Vocational Education, sends disabled men who are entitled to war risk compensation and there- fore reeducation: “Remember that, no matter what your past occupation has been and no matter what your disability is, your first duty to yourself and your country is to get ready to enter Some useful and gainful occupation. Whether you have been a carpenter or a lawyer, a bookkeeper or an en- gineer, a miner or an electrician, if you cannot get back to your old job you can probably be trained for a new one. You refused to be a slacker in military service; no more do you want to be a slacker in civil life. Your country needs your help to restore this war-wasted world. So improve your chance to make the most of yourself by taking training which will give you ability to do your best work.” • To the employers of America goes this message: r, “Charity is not needed. For the first time in the history of this or any other nation, Uncle Sam has put his war pensions on a proper basis as an insurance obligation. Expensive preparations have been made for tak- ing care of the disabled boys, not as beggars but as self-respecting men. This is a substantial return in grati- tude. However, the best return the country can make for the service these injured men have rendered is to give them their opportunity to per- form, in the years after the war, the same quality of national service they have rendered during the war.” H/ - Sº gº º gau Leº * The -- *WIV of . Vol. III ASHINGTON, D. C., M JUNIORS ARE TO HELP REBUILD Boys and Girls of America to Have Share in Task of Putting World on Its Feet American boys and girls, through the medium of their Junior Red Cross, with its 9,000,000 members, are to play an active part in relieving the distress of their brothers and sisters in the war-swept countries. The Red Cross children, whose efforts during the war provided so many comforts the twenty-five-cent membership fee is to be forwarded to national head- quarters, in order that the foreign re- lief work may be started without de- lay. The program calls for education for the children in the war districts along lines not duplicated by other organizations. Every effort is to be made to bring the school children of the United States into closer touch. with the school children of these countries, in such a way that each will understand the traditions, customs, (Continued on page 2) 19 *Red Cross Bulletin == - - ARCH 17, 19 NURSING SURWEY IS NEAR FINISH More Than 150,000 Nurses Have Signed Questionnaires—Field Results Strong at Finish Field activities of the nursing sur- vey are drawing to a close. Question- naires are coming in rapidly. One division which had reported only 200 nurses on January 1 had increased the number to 20,000 by the first of March and is “still going strong.” In spite of handicaps, nota- bly the epidemic of influenza, results have been achieved which will make of the survey a great success. The division supervisors of the nursing survey have had to work with dogged persistency, and exercise skill and diplomacy of a rare order to accomplish that which they had set before them as their objective—to record every woman able to care for the sick. The manner in which the supervisors have, in most instances, overcome obstacles and stuck to their posts through all discouragements, justifies the highest praise. for our fighting men, are now to share in the work of rebuilding the world. Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman of the Central Committee of the Red Cross, who is now abroad, will deter- mine the best ways in which America's school children can help the little sufferers of the devastated lands. As all reports from abroad indicate that the school children in the war areas are in acute need, the most im- portant part of the tentative program provides for the sending of immediate relief by the children of this country. To this end, a percentage of the Junior Red Cross fund derived from VAUX, FRANCE–THESE RUINS WERE ONCE HOMES. CROSS IS CARING FOR THE SURVIVING MEMBERS OF THE FAMILIES THE AMERICAN RED T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN The survey has, during the prosecu- tion of the active field work, demon- trated its value by providing a large number of influenza victims with nursing care that, otherwise, would have been denied them. There is no doubt that these nursing services to the sick when the influenza raged saved many lives. A concrete illustra- tion is to be found in Cleveland. The number of influenza cases cared for there by the Visiting Nurses’ Asso- ciation, in November and December, increased 400 per cent. This, in greater or lesser degree, was duplicated all over the country. It proves that the survey, begun when it appeared that its results would be used largely in war necessities, was a most salutary enterprise, and most fortunate for the people in peace times. When the armistice had been signed the war needs in part ended. There was still demand for nurses in the demobilization period, and that need would exist for many months. But the receipt and analysis of the returns from the field workers of the nursing survey showed the need of making provision for peace times. For instance, it was discovered that in some parts of the United States comparatively little attention had been given to the training of nurses. In other localities nursing had been developed sufficiently to enable the authorities to call for transfers when emergencies arose from epidemics or disasters. The survey was therefore the appli- cation to the nursing situation of the principle that was employed in gath- ering the great Army of the United States. The data gathered are in- valuable, and are being and will be studied to make possible their utiliza- tion to the point of highest efficiency. One project which has developed from this study is an educational cam- paign in connection with public health work of the nation. This campaign will be nation-wide, and its effects, it is hoped, will be reflected in foreign 1ands. One division of the American Red Cross had to do with American nurses in other countries. The inter- esting fact was ascertained that in some of those countries there is a considerable American population with no nurses of American training or birth anywhere available. Many nurses have not yet been con- vinced of the necessity of the survey. Before the armistice was signed these nurses believed that to sign and fill the questionnaire was to enroll for service. Then, when the armistice had been signed, they believed it unneces- sary to sign the questionnaires. It is assumed that the facts as here pre- SITTING-ROOM IN A. R. C. RECREATION HUT AT ORLY, FRANCE sented will be adequate to convince all nurses that their response has been not only an act of patriotism in war but perhaps equally as patriotic and of equally enduring value in the years to conne. The tabulated statements already are coming in from the divisions. The Bureau of Nursing Survey congratu- lates most of the Chapters on the re- sults achieved. More than 150,000 nurses have signed questionnaires. Juniors Are to Help Rebuild (Continued from page one) occupations and geographical location of the other. The educational advan- tages on both sides appealed strongly to those outlining the work. An ad- visory board of representative edu- cators is to supervise the program. In discussing the movement before the Department of Superintendence of the National Education Association at Chicago recently, J. W. Studebaker, national director of the Junior Red Cross, said: “The Junior Red Cross plans to send to the children of America, at in- tervals, interesting illustrated reports on the progress of the relief work abroad. Pamphlets telling stories of the life and activities of the American children will be distributed in the schools abroad. It will be the con- stant aim in the preparation of these reports to make the children of the several nations intimately acquainted with each other, and to build up the kind of international understanding which is absolutely essential to the successful administration of a league of nations.” PUBLIC HEALTH SCHOLARSHIPS To equip graduate nurses, soon to be released from military service, to enter public health nursing, the Amer- ican Red Cross has appropriated $100,000 to be used for Public Health Scholarship Funds. There are about 6,000 public health nurses in the United States and the Red Cross hopes, by the establishment of this fund, to induce many of the 20,000 graduate nurses soon to be re- leased from the Army and Navy Nurse Corps to take either an eight months' or a four months' training, so that future demands for such per- Sonnel may be met as far as possible. The war and the recent influenza epi- demic have called attention to the vital need for public health nursing. The Red Cross Public Health Scholarship Fund will be administered by the Red Cross Department of Nursing. The maximum scholarship for an eight months' course of train- ing will be $600, and for a four months' course $300. These scholar- ships will be granted on the recom- mendation of the Red Cross division directors of public health nursing, and will be subject to the approval of the Department of Nursing at National Headquarters. Additional recommen- dations will also be made by the joint committee representing the three na- tional nursing organizations, through their representatives at the Red Cross Bureau of Information at New York City. In addition to this scholarship fund, the Red Cross has established a loan fund of $10,000 for the same pur- DOSe. T EIE R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN A. R. C. WELCOMED TO POLAND Arrival of the American Red Cross Commission with Relief Sup- plies Brings Holiday A delayed cablegram from Warsaw gives an account of the arrival there of the American Red Cross Commis- sion for Poland on March 3. The advent of the workers who brought the first outside relief to the land of the Poles, following the after-war opening of communication with the country, was made the occasion for a veritable holiday in the capital. The special train bearing the mem- bers of the commission and many tons of supplies was met at the rail- road station by a delegation from the Polish Red Cross, the members of the Warsaw city government, the work- men's guilds and other societies, carrying banners. A detachment of the city fire department acted as a guard of honor. Because of the great crowd, the reception committee had difficulty in greeting, personally, the heads of the commission. As the members of the commission left the train bands struck up the American and Polish national airs. The Americans were escorted into the waiting room, where the chairman of the Polish committee made an address of welcome, responded to by Col. Wal- ter C. Bailey, head of the commission. Then the Americans were taken to their headquarters in motor cars while the crowds along the way cheered and shouted “Long live Americal” and “Long live Wilson l’’ The Stars and Stripes fluttered from many windows and many pictures of President Wil- son were displayed. - Later there was a luncheon in honor of the Americans, at which Prime Minister Paderewski and his wife shook hands with the members of the commission, the prime minister leav- ing an important meeting of the cabi- net to be present. In a speech of wel- come Paderewski thanked the Ameri- can people as a whole for sending their Red Cross to help Poland in its hours of greatest need. Work of unloading the train of twenty-five cars, containing medi- cines and supplies was begun imme- diately after the commission’s arrival, DIED IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE List of Red Cross Women, Aside from Nurses, Who Met Death in Performance of Duty Twenty-two women, other than nurses, have died in the service of the American Red Cross, according to the records of the Department of Per- sonnel. Influenza and pneumonia caused most of the deaths, the list be- ing limited to women who had en- listed for service overseas. Died Abroad Maud Mae Butler, Omaha; Gladys Cromwell, New York City; Dorothea Cromwell, New York City; Ruth Cut- A. R. C. H. JTS IN PARK OF OLD PREFECTURE - Upper–Canteen and Rest House for American Soldiers. Lower–Huts for Soldiers of French Army PALACE, TOURS - - ler, St. Paul; Alice Drisko, Seattle; Sophia Haarman, Detroit; Dorothy Hamlin, New York City; Elsie May Hatch, Edgewood, Iowa; Mary Agnes Moore, Chicago; Edna McCauley, New York City; Fannie Ethel Scatch- ard, Oneonta, N. Y.; Elizabeth Tyler, Amherst, Mass.; Mrs. E. E. Venn, Natches, Miss. Died at Sea Winifred Ledyard Heath, Brook- lyn, N. Y.; Grace W. Hershey, Jeffer- son City, Mo.; Kathleen Kennebec, Deer Lodge, Mont. ; Ruth MacGregor, Wilmington, Del.: Erma Lorisa Shaw, Washington, D. C. Died in Embarkation Port Jane Minor Hendricks, Pueblo, Colo. ; Mabel Rose Morey, Chicago; Marsha D. McKechnie, Canandaigua, N. Y.; Ruby Smith, Omaha. 4. THE RE D C R O ss B U L LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSSBUILDING was HINGTON, D.C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington. BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President JoHN SKELTON WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * Counselor Stockton AXSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary LIVINGSTON FARRAND. Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 17, 1919 The Children’s World One of the saddest features of the world war has been the suffering brought upon millions of children in the devastated countries. One of the glorious things in connection with America's participation in the war has been the help which the children of the land have contributed to the win- ning of the struggle for liberty. Just as the men and women among the free peoples of the earth have been drawn into more sympathetic touch and understanding with one another by the great conflict, so the children of the whole world have been brought into a comradeship that surely will have its effect in the reign of the rising generation. Now the fighting is ended. The boys and girls of America no longer may perform the many services for their heroes that engrossed them in the vacation and other spare hours. But, like the grown-ups, there is plenty left for them to do before the old world is on its legs again. The plans of the Junior Red Cross for aid- ing in the work of repairing the wreckage of humanity are in keeping with the highest ideals of American duty to mankind, and are exactly such as will appeal to the heart and chivalry of Young America. Something about these plans is told on another page. It is important to note that the program contemplates not only the supplying of relief of a physical character to the children of other lands, but the carrying out of an educational campaign of mutual advantage to all concerned. The hour is ripe for instilling in the minds and hearts of the future men and women of this and other countries that broad fellowship and spirit of duty to man- kind in general which all the his- tories, geographies and school text- books of every kind have been in- capable of imparting throughout all previous time. Indeed, the greater opportunity for good lies along the educational line while the practical results of immediate physical relief are being achieved. A rare opportunity, in- deed, it is . Already children in for- eign lands, whose elders hardly knew more than the mere existence of such a place as America, are singing the praises of the mighty land of free- dom. It rests with the boys and girls of America to help make the message of liberty ring in still louder tones around the world. Next Week’s Clothing Drive Everything indicates the success of the Red Cross drive for clothing for the destitute people of Europe, which will take place next week. Advance newspaper publicity has been ample. Periodicals of the textile and shoe trades have printed articles calling the special attention of their readers to the collection that is to be made; the National Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods Associations have sent bulle- tins to all members, enlisting their Support. - All the reports from Red Cross division offices indicate that Chapters are very active in setting up their or- ganizations for the week. Flying squadrons of workers, who will make | house-to-house canvasses, aided by the Red Cross Motor Corps, are being formed. Members of the Junior Red Cross likewise are preparing to gather in all the used garments that the older heads do not get. ... • As for weeks previously, the cables from Red Cross commissions abroad, and from the Hoover interallied re- lief organization, emphasize the en- tire lack of clothing material in the liberated countries. Textile mills have been destroyed, and in many instances have not produced any material in sev- eral years. Those that have been in operation have been supplying cloth- ing for the armies, with the result that civilian populations are short of wear- ing apparel. Thousands upon thou- Sands are protected from the elements by mere shreds of rags. The thing to be borne in mind is that Chapters cannot collect too many cast-off garments. Every garment collected will protect some human be- ing now in dire need. Red Cross Holidays Arrival of an American Red Cross unit at its operating base in any of the countries which were cut off from relief prior to the signing of the armis- tice, is invariably the occasion for holiday rejoicing on the part of the Surrounding population. There is ample recompense for all the assist- ance given to afflicted nations in the inspiring welcomes which find expres- sion when the Stars and Stripes and the banner of mercy appear together On Scenes of sadness and desolation. Two cases in point are chronicled in this number of The Bulletin. In Warsaw, Poland, officers of the gov- ernment laid aside their absorbing duties to voice, with the populace, the new cheer born of tangible help from America. A letter from Montenegro presents in still greater detail the gen- eral spirit which the United States, through the American Red Cross, is raising among the distressed of the earth. So it is everywhere. America— American sympathy, American aid, American ideals—are on the lips of the civilized world in these days of reconstruction. The America is being carried into every Imessage of corner. And every member of the American Red Cross finds self-con- gratulation in the thought that he is part of an Organization that forms its most conspicuous medium of commu- nication. / The Italian Red Cross maintains twelve tuberculosis hospitals, a part of the permanent peace time or- ganization. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN COMMISSION HAILED BY MONTENEGRINS Arrival of American Red Cross Workers Cause of Much Rejoicing—Relief Needs Are Tremendous |Special Correspondenceſ Cettinje, Feb. 5–To bring aid to the hungry and ill-clad population of Montenegro, American Red Cross workers arrived here four days ago. Maj. E. A. Dexter, chief of the mission, landed in Cattaro, Dalmatia, on the same day, with Maj. Lionel A. B. Street, head doctor. They have just passed through Cettinje on their way to Podgoritza, where, in all proba- bility, headquarters will be established. The advance guard of the Monte- negrin unit, numbering two doctors, one dentist, thirteen nurses and four- teen officers, clerical workers and chauffeurs, sailed from Toulon on January 8, aboard the Asie, a former hospital ship in the Salonica–Toulon service. Capt. E. J. Swift, comptrol- ler, was in temporary command, Major Dexter remained at Toulon to look after further shipments, while a consignment of medical goods, ker- osene and Ford cars was loaded on board the Asie. The voyage that would have been so perilous two months before was made uneventfully and in perfect weather. Monte-Cristo, Corsica, the Lipari Islands and the Stromboli vol- cano fell away successively to the northward. Only one call was made by the ship—at Corfu, Greece, where the French admiral, commanding the port, presented the Red Cross with 1,000 litres of gasoline. SAVED ALLIED SHIPS A Jugo-Slav naval officer was taken on at Corfu to steer a safe course around the mine fields of the Adriatic. During the war, this man had been navigation officer on an Austrian sub- marine. He told how he and the sub- marine's captain, an Italian, had made a practice of sparing allied ships. At length, German suspicions were aroused and a German captain was placed in command, but the Jugo-Slav foiled all his efforts by emerging for action in awkward positions so that torpedoes could not be launched. Upon landing at Cattaro, the unit had its first taste of Slavic hospitality. The newcomers were met by Mr. Vucotich, former Dalmatian deputy to the Austrian Reichsrath, who wel- comed them on the quay with a ring- ing tribute to America and its Red Cross. For the moment, they quar- tered in the Episcopal Palace, the home of the Greek Orthodox prelate of Cattaro, but they later had rooms —Strange, indeed, to the Occidental up winding stairways over the narrow Streets. As pneumonia and influenza are taking their toll in the back country, doctors and nurses made daily excur- sions from Cattaro. - A LAND OF ROCKS Conditions are at their worst in the mountain hamlets, where rocky goat trails are the only lines of communica- tion. In the retreat, the Austrians pillaged at will, driving off sheep and cattle, stealing blankets from sick-beds and clothes from women and children. Deprived of their wonted diet of meat, the Montenegrins did not take kindly to vegetable fare. Their country, in fact, is ill fitted for agriculture. It is a land of rocks, and only on narrow ledges or in three or four spreading valleys can wheat, corn and cabbage be grown. Besides, under the old regime, there was an iniquitous tax on chimneys; as a result there are no chimneys ex- cept in the wealthier centers. From outside you see fumes escaping through cracks in the thatched or tiled roof, while within you are enveloped in billows of smoke. The fire is built in an earthen hollow, and beside it the sick man lies. Though he may have pneumonia, all the cooking is done near the heap of rags that serves him for a bed. - Tubercular cases have lingered for years under such conditions. But even the strength of a Montenegrin, born of a warrior race, has its limitations. Now, at the critical moment, the American Red Cross has come in. The first workers to go into quarters here are Capt. Richard Keller, Capt. Robert G. Whitlock, Capt. Bruce M. Wolff, Miss Georgia B. Green, Miss Elizabeth Mitchell and Miss Bernice Brady. - Here in Cettinje, a city of 5,000, children walk barefoot in the snow.— for the winter is not mild—and they have been seen crying at doorsteps for lack of food and clothing. But Cettinje, being the capital, is wealthy and well supplied, as compared with other centers. Podgoritza, for in- stance, has 11,000 people, of whom the greater part are in want. It is at Podgoritza, then, that the Red Cross will likely establish its cen- tral hospital and largest distributing base. Another hospital and ware- house will be at Nikshick, and a con- valescent home, perhaps, at Dulcigno by the sea. Aid from the personnel may be lent at Cettinje, where the Government already owns a modern hospital, lacking only some equip- ment which the Austrians wantonly smashed in their retreat. Teodo, according to present plans, will be used as a discharging port, from which goods will be sent by barge up the Scutari River to the Scutari Lake, and thence by auto to Podgoritza. This plan is inevitable, for though a good road leads over the mountains from Cattaro to Cettinje, it is too steep and winding and too often snow-blocked to be of great use for transportation. Some hope, how- ever, is placed in the aerial tramway, built by the Austrians from Cattaro to Cettinje. Relay stations have been destroyed, but will probably be re- paired in the near future. WORK COOPERATIVE The barge plan, if adopted, will in- volve the establishment of four ware- houses—at Teodo, Plavnitza, Podgo- ritza and Nikshick. Recent shipments include canned goods, and clothes are to follow shortly. The Red Cross will work with the Government, represented by a com-- mittee of five at Cettinje. This body is preparing a survey of needy cases throughout Montenegro, which it will present to the Red Cross unit. In all probability, local committees will have charge of village distribution. LOUIS J. HUNTER Mr. Hunter, who rendered valuable ser- vice as deputy comptroller of the ºed Cross during the war period, became comptroller on March 1. T EIE R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Riviera Home for Women Workers (From the Paris A. R. C. Bulletin) American Red Cross Convalescent Home No. 11—that is the official des- ignation of the Grand Hotel du Cap, at Antibes, which the Red Cross is conducting as a home for convalescent Army nurses and women personnel. Paradise—that is the name preferred by those who are enjoying its com- forts and beauties. Located on a promontory shooting out into the waters of the Mediter- ranean, the hotel provides one of the most beautiful outlooks on the Riviera. To the south extends the colorful sea toward Corsica, whose hazy mountain tops may at times be seen. To the west rise the peaks of the Esterel range, which the setting sun outlines in a myriad of colors, and to the east extends the ragged coast, with moun- tain-framed Nice and Monte Carlo, as far as Bordighera. To the north peak piles on peak, finally merging in the snow-topped Maritime Alps. Near the convalescent home, cut off from the outside world by ancient trees and fragrant flowers, are shel- tered nooks, with the sea and sunshine and solitude; miniature valleys, with pinewood, myrtle and juniper; and the lighthouse hill with its pilgrimage chapel of Notre Dame de la Garde, the sailors' patroness. Within a few miles are the pictur- esque old town of Antibes, with Greek and Roman memories; the landing place of Napoleon, returned from Elba; Cannes, with its white villas and its convalescent hospitals for Amer- lican soldiers; Nice, now the play- ground of American officers; Grasse, high up in the mountains, whose peo- ple turn fields of flowers into per- fumes; and the Iles Lerins, set in waters of azure. “Yes, it is paradise,” says Mrs. K. C. Hough, chief nurse of the home, who nursed roughriders wounded at San Juan and marines at Chateau- Thierry. She opened the home on January 6 with a small number of convalescent nurses, and now there are more than a hundred nurses and Red Cross women personnel who are recuperating in the hotel where famous personages of Europe have enjoyed rest and recreation. Cooper- ating with Mrs. Hough and Capt. Carl S. Wheeler, the director of the home, are M. and Mme. Sella, expe- rienced in the entertaining of guests at “The Cap.” For recreation the present guests have tennis, dancing and sight-seeing on the Riviera from a bus operated by the Red Cross. Each afternoon tea is served, and at this time the home is open to all Red Cross workers and members of the A. E. F. The regular staff of French and Italian servants attends to the needs of the guests, and among them Gia- como Coppa, head waiter and some time infantryman in the Italian army, deserves special mention. Red Cross Convalescent Home No. 11 is open to Army and Navy nurses and American women civilian em- ployes granted sick or convalescent leave by military order. Red Cross women convalescents are admitted by order from the Service of Convales- cent Homes. Red Cross women on leave are received at the rate of 12 francs per day so long as there are vacancies in the home. The Plucky Serbians Serbian soldiers may be seen on all the roads of Serbia, from the south- ern frontiers to the Danube, slowly" making their way to their homes on foot, the war over, their fighting done —a long trail for these plucky defen- ders of Serbia, who stood in the mountain trenches for four years without release and went through the last campaign without a woman nurse, without anesthetic for their wounded. A weekly courier service has been established between Red Cross head- quarters in Paris and Treves and Cob- lentz, to be maintained while the American army of occupation is in Germany. AMIBOISE—FAMOUs old CHATEAU, NOW A FRIENCH HOSPITAL; ONE OF THE FAVORITE HAUNTS OF AMERICAN SOLDIERS Ż T EI E “The Death Train.” Stark realism reminiscent of the old school of Russian fiction makes the fact story, “The Death Train,” in the April number of the Red Cross Maga- gine, which shows the terrible state into which great Russia has fallen. Simply reproduced from his diary, written while the scenes were still burning themselves into his mind, Ru- dolph Bukeley’s description of the trainload of diseased, crazed, dying and dead prisoners, dragged madly over into Siberia with no destination, in cars reeking with filth, appals even those who know what Siberia is today. Eight hundred of the poor wretches died before the American Red Cross workers could do anything against the panic and chaos that ac- companied the train. “I have seen the dead,” writes Buke- ley, who was one of the Red Cross workers on the spot, “through whose bodies disease and vermin have eaten their way until life itself has departed after five months of daily, agonizing torture from hunger, filth, exposure. I have seen through the windows of box-cars whose dimensions were 24 x 10, containing 40 animals that once were human—men, women, and children; faces that when they glared at me I could not recognize as those of human beings, but who resembled beasts of a species unknown to man. I have seen the dead lying along the roadside and 50 or 60 men fighting like dogs for pieces of bread thrown to them by the sympathetic poor peo- ple of Nikolsk. And the sights I have seen will be duplicated all over Si- beria, and thousands, aye, tens of thousands, will literally rot to death. I use the words advisedly, for human life is the cheapest thing in Siberia.” Donates Supplies for Near East The American Red Cross has made a donation of supplies valued at $1,553,982 to the American Com- mittee for Relief in the Near East. These supplies are to be distributed by a commission which the latter organization is sending to Armenia and Syria to supervise relief work in those countries. Previous cash con- tributions to the committee by the Red Cross totaled $4,500,000. William G. Roelker, who has been connected with national headquarters since July 15, as director of the Bu- reau of Chapter Organization and Membership Extension and assistant to the director of the Department of Development, has been appointed associate director of the department. A. R. C. BATH PLANT AUTOMOBILE, IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE An Unwelcome Souvenir There is a soldier at Walter Reed Hospital, in Washington, who is sup- porting the boycott of German goods. When he came out of the ether, the other day, he found a good-sized jagged bit of shrapnel tied to a but- ton on his pajamas. It had been re- moved from his leg. “A little souvenir,” explained the Surgeon. “Take it away,” said the soldier. “I don’t want anything around me that was made in Germany.” TYPES OF REFU GEES OF EUROPE AWAITING RED CROSS AID Paris Club for Red Cross Workers Through the generosity of the King and Queen of Belgium the Pa- villon Henri VI, at St. Germain-en- Laye, has been donated to the Ameri- can Red Cross for use as a residential club for all American Red Cross per- Sonnel, whether permanently located in Paris, there on leave or on business, or awaiting sailing dates. The formal opening was marked by a dinner given in honor of the heads of the various departments of the Red Cross in Paris. Covers were laid at three long tables, decorated with mounds of green leaves and mimosa, and with cocards in the Belgian na- tional colors. Colonel Burr, the com- missioner for France, presided. King Albert and Queen Elizabeth were represented by Colonel Fourcoult, who responded to the toast of Colonel Bicknell, and by Lieutenant Van Schelde. The guests were received by the host and hostess of the club, Cap- tain and Mrs. Bosworth, assisted by Miss Hoyt and Captain Wallick. The Pavillon Henri IV is one hours ride from the Gare St. Lazare and five minutes' walk from the St. Germain-en-Laye station. Superbly situated on a cliff overlooking the Seine valley, the pavillon is flanked on one side by the forest of St. Germain. There are seventy bedrooms and twenty-one bathrooms. Overlooking the terrace and cliff are a large salon, two billiard rooms and a dining room. The pension rate is from 10 to 15 francs a day, according to the loca- tion of the rooms. This will include an American breakfast and dinner. THE RED C Ross B ULLET IN Supplying Comforts at Brest While the military authorities have been striving night and day to over- come the all-pervading mud that has resulted from almost uninterrupted rain at Pontanezan, the big embarka- tion camp near Brest, France, the American Red Cross has been in- creasing its activities looking to the greater comfort of the American troops there. The Red Cross already has established four enlisted men's huts and one officers' hut, in addition to the system of comfort distribution in the camp proper. - - These huts provide a warm, dry “loafing place,” with plenty of read- ing material and music. A canteen organization distributes cigarettes, chocolates and other things that ap- peal to the soldier, while the camp service system provides all men in need of warm clothing with woolen sweaters, socks, mufflers, etc. Accord- ingly, much has been accomplished toward overcoming depression. Aside from this the Red Cross car- ries on its regular hospital distribu- tion service, and its search for miss- ing men whose relatives have made anxious inquiries, as well as the final service to the men when they board the transports—a parting lunch and supply of cigarettes and sweets. Russian children Made Happy No feature of the civilian relief work of the American Red Cross in North Russia has elicited greater ap- preciation than the American lunches which have been served in all the public schools and orphanages of Archangel. School work, according to a statement by the superintendent of Archangel schools, could not have continued in many cases without Red Cross help, since the children were in such an ill-nourished and weakened condition that they were unable to undertake the journey to and from school. ...” The sentimental side of this relief seems to have impressed the children most strongly. They are moved with a new curiosity about the children of that distant democracy about which they are just beginning to learn; and since they are told that the cocoa and biscuits which they receive comes from them through the Red Cross, they devise nºw ways each week to show their tº reciation. The head- quarters of the Red Cross in Arch- angel is piled with toys made by Rus- sian children for their friends in America. This new friendship is something they will never forget. At a recent celebration at the Alex- androff Orphanage, a handmade lace collar was presented to the Red Cross officer who attended, to be sent to Miss Margaret Wilson, about whose distinguished father the children have head so much. Hand-worked hand- kerchiefs were also sent to the school children of America. - The By-Laws as Amended At the annual meeting of the Gen- eral Board of the Red Cross held Feb- ruary 15, 1919, an amendment to the By-Laws was adopted providing for two Vice-Presidents for the Red Cross instead of one as heretofore. This change affects only sections 3 and 4, which are found on page 10 of the printed pamphlet of the By-Laws, as follows: - - In section 3 change “Vice-Presi- dent” to read “Two Vice-Presidents.” In section 4 the last sentence should read “In the event of the absence or inability of the President to discharge the duties of the position, one of the Vice-Presidents shall exercise the functions of President, and the Vice- Presidents shall perform such other duties as may be required by the By- Laws.” A printed slip giving the vote pro- viding for these changes is being pre- pared and will be circulated to all divi- sions and chapters. This slip should be filed with the printed pamphlet of the By-Laws. A Treasured Letter A little girl in Des Moines, Iowa, is the proud possessor of a very won- derful letter. It comes from an Amer- ican soldier in Italy, and is in ap- preciation of a comfort kit which the little girl had made. A copy of this letter has reached national head- quarters. Here it is: “My Dear Little Friend: “Through the American Red Cross, stationed in this town in the Italian war zone, I have received the most wonderful kit, prepared by you with others of the Junior Red Cross of Des Moines, Iowa. - * . . . “Since the time that you have writ- ten that letter in the Good Cheer book we have totally defeated the Huns. This glorious victory would never have been possible unless we received the support of the folks at home. “You, little girl, have been as great a patriot as any of us, for, like us, you also have made sacrifices. All the little things that you have done have helped our ‘Uncle Sam' to bring vic- tory to the whole world. * , , . “It is impossible to tell you the joy - that we have felt when we were pre- sented with the beautiful kit contain- ing such useful articles. It has made & us all so happy and glad, we felt just like a little girl when she receives her first big doll. I assure you, dear little friend, that I and my pals have appreciated them very much and we are very thankful to all the members of the Junior Red Cross. “Thanking you individually and with hopes that the thought you have of having made one of Uncle Sam's Soldiers happy will bring joy to you, I am, - “CHARLEs M. MAYORELL.” “Clothing the Pressing Need” “Clothing is the pressing need.” From the Department of the Marne, perhaps the most famous battle- ground of the world, certainly the best known to Americans, comes this re- port on the conditions and needs of the French population which has re- turned to their wrecked and ruined homes. The Marne refugees number some 100,000. - - “Clothing and furniture were al- ways shipped to meet the emergency needs of the returning population.” So writes the Red Cross representa- tive in the Department of the Aisne, which includes within its borders the famous Chemin des Dames and other battlefields. The refugees here are as numerous as in the Marne, “A package of clothing was granted on the basis of a change of linen and a set of outer clothing.” This line is contained in the report sent from the Department of the Aube, a district of passage with the shifting population of refugees. But the statement is qualified by the fol. lowing, which perhaps will bring Some idea of the desperate need of clothing among the homeless of France and Belgium: “If the family had come there since the first of March, or had been repatriated since that time.” With its limited supply of clothing, the relief agencies were un- able to care for any people who had arrived in this district more than a few months before. The number of refugees here was 28,750. And so the reports of investigators go all through the dozen departments of France overrun by the Hun. The Tefugees, numbering almost 2,000,000, need food and then clothing. Food they are obtaining through govern- ment, military and "ief agencies, but clothing they c tain from only one of thºs last named. - Remember the American Red Cross Clothing Drive, week of March 24-31 | Fajardo, Porto Rico, was the scene of a gay carnival the first week in March, when a drive for Red Cross membership was conducted. - Hy - - *A*- Lºº. 575 º The Re Vol. III _2 \9* new rº dºws *AW WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 24, 1919 - •oss Bulletin No. 13 HEALTH OF WORLD IS THE AIM -- American Specialists Sail for France to Participate in Red Cross International Plans A party of eminent specialists in matters relating to public health sailed from New York on the steamship Leviathan, Saturday, March 15, to participate in the conferences that are to precede the International Red Cross Convention called at Geneva, Switzer- land, thirty days after the signing of the final peace treaty. The attend- York City, child health specialist; Colonel F. F. Russell, of the Army Medical Corps, detailed by the chief of staff for service in conection with the special medical mission; Dr. Wil- liam H. Welch, of Baltimore, director of the School of Hygiene and Public Health established by the Rockefeller Foundation of Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; Dr. Samuel M. Hamill, of Philadelphia; Dr. Herman M. Biggs, of New York City, widely known through his work as health commis- sioner of the State of New Yº Dr. E. R. Baldwin, of Saranac Lake, N. Y., director of the Trudeau Foun- dation. YARN AND NEEDLES T0 EUROPE Supplies Valued at More Than Two Million Dollars for Distribu- tion. Among People To give employment to thousands of refugee women in France, Belgium, Italy, Rumania, Servia, Greece, Mon- tenegro, Palestine, Albania, and other war-swept countries, and thereby help them to help themselves, the Ameri- can Red Cross has just shipped to its Commission for France more than 900,000 pounds of yarn and 822,459 AMERICAN SPECIALISTS IN INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS CONFERENCE ance of these American health and medical experts at the European con- ferences was arranged for by Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, who is now in France. Members of the American delega- tion are shown in the picture on this page, reproduced from a photograph taken just before the party sailed. They are—from left to right—Dr. F. D. Talbot, of Boston, child health spe- cialist; Dr. L. Emmett Holt, of New The preliminary international con- ferences are to take place in Cannes. There the Americans will meet ex- perts from the various other countries that are taking the initiative with re- spect to the Geneva convention, and it is expected that when the convention starts a comprehensive report will be ready for presentation relative to plans for safeguarding the health of the world through the cooperative scheme that is the basis of the new Red Cross project. sets of knitting needles, the whole valued at $2,316,445. The distribu- tion of this material will be made as equitably as possible by the Commis- sion for France, which is intimately acquainted with the needs in the various countries. Red Cross authorities at national headquarters are particularly anxious that this large shipment of yarn and needles be not interpreted as justify- ing the slightest cessation of Red Cross knitting activity in America. T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Mission Starts Work in Germany The American Red Cross mission, which the Inter-Allied Military Com- mission authorized to enter Germany for the purpose of relieving the dis- tress of the thousands of Russian prisoners in that country, has started its labors, according to advices re- ceived at Berlin. With nearly 100 workers engaged in the humane task, it is hoped that the last of the pris- oners will have been provided for and returned to Russia within three months. They are to be repatriated by way of the Danube and the Black Sea as speedily as possible. The American Red Cross, in addi- tion to distributing the food to be fur- nished by the Inter-Allied Military Commission, will provide the prisoners with medical supplies and supple- mented comforts. For the purpose of facilitating this distribution, the Red Cross has assigned workers to supply bases that have been established in Berlin, Dresden, Stettin, Madgeburg, Hanover and Nuremburg, each of these places being close to one or more of the prison camps. These distribu- tion centers were formerly in charge of Danish and British Red Cross workers. Each camp is to have a Red Cross store managed by an American Red Cross worker, who will be re- sponsible to the Red Cross official in charge of the district. The whole plan is under the direction of the Inter-Allied Military Commission. Every precaution had been taken for the safety of American Red Cross workers now in Germany. Reports ROCCA GORTA, ITALY, WHERE THE A. R. C. HAS DONE MUCH SANITARY AND RELIER WORK Here, also, the Italian Red Cross Conducts an Annual Anti-malarial Campaign from members of the mission say that no trouble is anticipated. Colonel Taylor, head of the mission in Ger- many, is constantly in touch with Red Cross headquarters in Paris. Juniors to Supply Furniture American school boys are about to execute probably one of the biggest furniture orders ever placed–30,000 chairs and 10,000 tables. Manufac- turing this furniture in school and community manual training shops PARIS-JA OF FOOD BARGES, BE LID UP BY HIGH WATER IN SERNE throughout the United States, the members of the Junior Red Cross will present it, through the American Red Cross, to the refugees of northern France, who now are pouring back to their devastated homes. According to the program laid down about 100,000 school boy carpenters will participate in the big job, and it is expected that 15,000 families in France will receive one or more pieces of furniture as the result. With each chair and table will go a message of greeting from the Junior Red Cross, containing an addressed card that will enable the recipients to acknowledge the gift. To Help Victory Loan Dr. Thomas E. Green, director of the speakers division of the Red Cross Bureau of General Publicity, has been selected by Secretary of the Treasury Glass to direct the speaking campaign in connection with the forth- coming Victory Liberty Loan. Dr. Green's services have been loaned to the Government by the Red Cross until May 15. A City That Was A late press cablegram from Paris says that the population of Rheims, which was 115,178 before the war, is now 8,453, according to a census just completed by the Government. Of this number, 3,987 are men, 3,253 are women and 1,213 are chil- dren. Five hundred of the children attend schools in the ruined city. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - SERBIA—A LAND OF RAGS AND HOPE BY CONSTANCE WINIFRED STUMPE There is an old song that runs: “Velvet and rags, so the world wags.” It has been wagging only one way, however, in many Old World coun- tries of late, notably in the Balkans, as may be judged from the forlorn and motley raiment of these three young persons of Nish. Serbia, which has never been a land of wealth, as nations go, faced four terrible years when in 1914 she de- fied Austria's ultimatum and permitted the fateful forty-eight hours of grace to expire. Pride, determination and love of justice are characteristics of the Jugoslav. Serbia had just emerged exhausted from the Balkan dis- turbances of 1912–13, only to face the struggle against the Central Powers, with her resources in money and men at a low ebb. The story of Serbia has been retold more than once. Isolated from all aid from allied sources, her soldiers held the mountain trenches against tremendous odds, retreating only when further resistance was im- possible. Of the 250,000 men who fell back to the south in the autumn of 1915, only 100,000 ever reached the concentration base. Before them fled the civilians, over the monotonous hills, in whose snow-filled passes many hundreds perished, down into the plains of Monastir, thousands of them, women and children and old folk, the old story of the refugees over again, with a different setting, the charity of the world their sole hope of existence. Serbia came back, of course. Com- missioners, returning from relief work in the Balkans, like to say: “You can’t keep a Jugoslav down,” and they mean it. These are the children of those plucky fighters, who stood for four years in the mountains, without re- lease. Unlike the soldiers of the west- ern allies, who, by reason of their numbers, were able to spend long pe- riods out of the line, recuperating and refitting while other men took their places, the Serbians stood day after day in the trenches until released by a well-timed enemy shell or—the end of the war. These are they who have been left behind to carry on the future of Jugo- slavia, to shape the fate of the new federation whose boundaries are to be determined by the tongues and cus- toms of the people, instead of the wav- ing of kingly scepters. We look at them and recall the in- spired orator who said to the children of today: “Ye are the hope of the world !” Look at the young scholar, with his books, “creeping like a snail, unwillingly to school,” and pausing long enough, on his way, to have his photograph taken. An old tablecloth does meager duty as a coat. His trousers and shoes are of obviously ancient vintage. His features are regular and well formed. There is intelligence in his face; it bears a grimness, that has no place in youth, born of privation and suffering and poverty. Look at the second little ragged urchin, whose eyes have seen but eight summers. A half smile hovers around his lips, but his furrowed brow denotes only misery and gives him the expres- sion of a middle-aged man. Rude wooden sandals protect his rag- wrapped, feet from the sharp rock of the Balkan highways. Is there hope for Serbia in this? A valiant soul there may be within. A stout heart beats beneath his filthy rags, but where is there opportunity for self-respect and development of personality? This piti- ful little figure has never known the joyous satisfaction that comes with the knowledge of having a clean body and decent clothes. In his baby hands rests the destiny of Serbia, for he, too, is the hope of the world—his small portion of it. And the girl with her finely shaped hands and feet and the dusk of Araby in her eyes. Unbind her shapely head and let loose the flood of dark, luxuri- ant hair that will cover her shoulders like a silken waterfall. Let your imagination dress her in clean, respect- able clothes, as attractive as circum- stances will yield, and behold the “rose o' the Balkans,” through whose veins runs the joyous wine of youth and in whose cheek blushes the fresh, untar- nished beauty of natural childhood— a potential mother of future men, who will uphold the fine traditions of Serbia. - It is a sad sight to the eyes of the mothers and fathers of clean, well- clad American children to behold this tragedy of childhood on the other side of the world, to see small bodies ex- posed to every changing wind that blows, or clad in dirty rags that are more insult than cover, stunting little, untried souls as a butterfly is killed in its chrysalis. One million garments a month are needed to clothe the people of the countries that have been at war. Comfort and respectability are rights to which such as these are just claim- ants, and proper clothing is a long step towards the attainments of those rights. The apparel oft proclaims the 111a11. - - 4. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSSBUILDING WASHINGTON, D.C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington. BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers . of the American Red Cross Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAF't. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. DE FoREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John Skr1,roN WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALExANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingsron FarraND. Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . ice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 24, 1919 Clothing Drive Week A year ago this time preparations º - d - were being made for a war fund drive by the American Red Cross, the re- sult of which astonished the world and gave added courage to the brave peoples at whose doors the struggle between liberty and autocracy was raging. Thanks largely to the cour- age inspired by America and the help rendered by American fighters, the yoke of military oppression has been broken. ſ Liberty has triumphed, but millions of the sons and daughters of Liberty are in pitiable plight. The first need, that of supplying food to prevent star- vation, is being met through govern- mental agencies. The second greatest need is clothing to cover the bodies of hundreds of thousands of men, women and children who have lost all their earthly possessions and have no mate- rial to draw on for the manufacture of absolutely necessary garments. A large part of the world is destitute. To the relief of this distress the American Red Cross has dedicated the present week. - The money needs of the general re- lief situation throughout the devas- tated countries of Europe are very great, and the available resources of the Red Cross are being taxed to the utmost. But money will not buy cloth- ing at the places where it is most needed because there is none there to sell. All there is left is on the backs of the population, and most of that is rags. In America there is clothing in plenty—clothing that has served its usefulness to the owners and been put aside—to supply the immediate wants of innumerable fellow-creatures who are suffering beyond comprehension. It is another opportunity for Amer- ica to show its humanity to the rest of the world, and at no cost except the clearing of closets and chests of things that cumber them. Every article contributed to the Red Cross collec- tors will gladden the heart and give protection to the body of some person across the sea. Every gift will give reflex joy to the heart of the donor. As America never does anything in a small way, the success of the present drive, like that of its predecessors, is assured. The Foreign Red Cross One of the accompaniments and re- sults of the world war has been the broadening of the Red Cross organi- zations of the countries involved to a degree beyond the dreams of those who started the great humanitarian movement. The most interesting fact of the moment, with respect to this broadening process, is its assured per- manency. The Red Cross of the fu- ture will occupy a place commensurate with the one filled when the world was in arms. It will not slip back- ward nor stand still ; it will go on de- veloping greater strength. The American Red Cross, with a membership of a few hundred thou- sand when the United States entered the war, showed a membership of nineteen million when the era of peace began, with an additional nine million in its junior organization. The Red Cross societies of the nations with which the United States was asso- ciated in the struggle for liberty have gained strength through their trials of fire and blood. Societies in the countries that were not directly in- volved in the war in a belligerent sense will be given an impetus from the plans which are in prospect fol- lowing the forthcoming Geneva Con- vention. - ". France, Great Britain, Italy, and Japan, the nations which are cooperat- ing with America in arranging the preliminaries of the world congress of the Red Cross, all have societies which were strong before the recent war, and which have been strength- ened still more by the experience and inspiration of the war-time work. Japan reached the 1,500,000 mark in membership some years ago, and the present resources of the Japanese Red Cross are far-reaching. The British Red Cross has not only a large mem- bership, but active branches in all parts of the world which make the organization, as a whole, thoroughly equipped to meet the cooperative work of the future. France and Italy have done noble wrk that cannot be meas- ured by membership figures. The won- der is that they were able to do any- thing under the burdens they have had to bear. - All these foreign Red Cross organi- zations have been impressed with the ripeness of the hour for concentrated endeavor aimed at prevention of dis- tress throughout the world, as well as its relief when precipitated. The so- cieties in the other countries, especially in South America, have found an in- centive to increased activity in the movement to internationalize the work. As a result a rapid growth on the part of the Red Cross organizations which heretofore have lacked special impulse may be expected. America has pointed the way in its Outstanding humanitarianism in the days of crisis. Not the least of the rewards will be the foreign acceptance of the idea of making the world better through the joint efforts of its greatest . relief agencies. - Knitted Goods for Soldiers In spite of the many authoritative statements that have been published in reference to the supply of knitted goods for soldiers and sailors, mis- understanding now and then develops, frequently taking the form of appeals to keep on knitting for the men in the Army and Navy. The Red Cross wishes to assure workers—whose ser- vices are in great need along other knitting lines—that there is an abundance of knitted articles to meet the needs of soldiers and sailors, who have only to apply through the regu- lar channels to obtain what they require. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN FROM THE RED CROSS WATCH TOWER HE movement to coordinate the activities of the Red Cross so- - cieties of the world assumes greater importance the more it is studied. Ever since the signing of the armistice last November, the need of developing humanitarian effort on broader lines than heretofore—even during the conflict of arms—has be- come more apparent each succeeding week. It is really no exaggeration to say that, following the declaration of peace, no matter will have a larger practical interest for the world as a whole than the Red Cross Congress which is to meet in Geneva. Is there as yet full appreciation of the meaning of this international con- gress? There has been so much of day-to-day interest in the proceedings of the peace conference in Paris; so many developments and sensations following one another thick and fast, in connection with the aftermath of war and the general unrest prevailing in various sections of the earth, that the man in the street scarcely has had time or inclination to grasp the sig- nificance of affairs that are tending to work the greatest physical good for the human race ever contemplated. >k >k >{< * HERE is no lack of appreciation - of the Greater Red Cross move- ment, however, and no under- estimating of the benefits involved on the part of those who have been in- trusted with authority in the carrying out of the plans; nor on the part of others who have been in position to learn something of the general details regarding preliminaries of the forth- coming congress. Some of the same men who gave their time and energy to the Red Cross work when the call was one of patriotism as well as humanitarianism, are now giving a continuation of their services to the cause which has an ideal higher than the freedom of the world—the reduc- ‘ing of all human suffering to the mini- mum and the establishment of a world founded on good health. It is no Utopia that is visioned, but merely the carrying out of practical measures which are easily within the control of modern science. Things apart from the war have carried their lessons. The epidemic of influenza that has swept the civilized world has exacted a toll of death far greater than the four and more years of the most horrible warfare in history. If the program of international cooperation in the study and treatment of disease now contemplated had been in Opera- tion a few years ago, this epidemic would not have reaped any such har- vest of death as has been recorded. Science understands that a large per- centage of the disease of the world is preventable. Part of the objective of the Greater Red Cross movement is to lay broad plans for the prevention. What tremendous import there is in that one phase alone! # * * T IS gratifying, indeed, that the people of America, and the Ameri- can Red Cross in particular, are able to take a leading part in the task of providing for the reorganization of Red Cross activities on an interna- tional basis. Early in the present month Dr. Livingston Farrand, chair- man of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, went to France, where he is now conferring with Henry P. Davison, former head of the War Council of the American Red Cross, relative to the approaching Geneva convention and its work. Mr. Davison is the chairman of the International Committee which has the preliminaries of the congress in charge, a testimonial for the inspiration which the Ameri- can Red Cross has been to the other humanitarian agencies of the world. Some ten or more experts in the treatment of the diseases which most seriously afflict the human race, and in matters pertaining to the promo- tion of public health, in various forms, are now on their way to France from this country. They will confer there with experts in the same lines from all other countries which are inter- ested in the new movement, and pre- pare plans of action to submit to the congress at Geneva when it is organ- ized for work. In this one matter of internationalizing the public health, so to speak, aside from the measures which are likely to be adopted to meet emergencies of disaster and suffering on a world-wide scale, the possibilities are momentO11S. r >k >k >k EANWHILE, the activities of NM the American Red Cross in the foreign field are going for- ward at a pace which was entirely unanticipated when the fighting was brought to a close last fall. This week the work for humanitarian hands to do in the devastated countries of Eu- rope is brought directly to the atten- tion of the American people through the nation-wide drive for used gar- ments, to be sent abroad to meet needs that are well-nigh beyond description. The situation in the Balkan States, as well as in other parts of the war-swept world, will be pitiable in the extreme for many months to come. The world must be set on its feet again; and one of the fundamental things in this con- nection is to supply the pressing wants of millions of people with respect to the fundamentals of existence. The appeals cabled from abroad by Red Cross representatives, regarding the needs that must be met, almost with- Out exception declare the lack of power adequately to describe the con- ditions that are crying for aid. Along with the appeals, which are being heeded with every resource at the command of the organization, there come inspiring accounts of the receptions that greet the arrival of American Red Cross commissions in various places which for months be- fore it had been possible to reach. The Near East is now one of the most im- portant theaters of Red Cross en- deavor, made so not only by reason of the great distress prevailing there, but also because, until after the armis- tice was signed, the sections most needing outside assistance were in- accessible. Everywhere that the Amer- ican Red Cross units now are able to penetrate, they are hailed with paeans of joy and deliverance, and the Amer- ican people are acclaimed the bene- factors of the whole suffering world. >k >k >k HERE should be no misunder- standing of the tasks that lie ahead. Instead of letting up, the work for the Red Cross is increas- ing. The great oversubscription which the people of this country made to the second Red Cross. War Fund, when the end of the war was not in sight, surely was providential, for without the large balance that was left in the fund when the armistice was signed it would have been impossible to relieve promptly much of the ter- rible distress which has since become more pronounced. - The American Red Cross appropri- ations for work in Europe during the two months of January and February, 1919, were the largest in the history of the organization, despite the exer- cise of rigid economy. This is a suffi- cient commentary on the seriousness of the situation. Of course, much of the work still in hand pertains to the care and welfare of our soldiers; but when this work ceases, which will not be very soon, there will be enough emer- gency work along other lines to engage earnest effort extending over a long period. * - - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Represents Women of France Mme. Perouse, president of the Women’s Union of the French Red Cross, known as L'Union des Femmes de France, has been delegated as one of the French representatives at the forthcoming International Red Cross Convention at Geneva. The Union of the Women of France was founded by Mme. E. Koechlin-Schwartz, who will live in the hearts of all French people because of her untiring efforts in behalf of the sick, the wounded and the unfortunate. In compliance with her last wish the only floral tribute at the time of Mme. Schwartz’s death was a wreath of silver palm leaves bound with tri-color ribbon, from L’Union des Femmes de France, bear- ing the inscription “Alsace-Lorraine.” Since the beginning of the world war the Union, under the direction of Mme. Perouse, has created and main- IMIME. PEROUSE tained railroad station canteens, sol- diers’ homes, canteens for the refugee work shops, public soup kitchens, am- bulances, anti-tubercular establish- ments and sanitariums, reeducation centers and various other institutions. On May 1, 1916, the L'Union des Femmes de France had 360 hospitals, and more than 20,000 nurses. It has expended more than 36,000,000 francs, and has given about 7,792,678 treat- ments in the hospitals. The society is giving energetic assistance in the liberated regions by establishing dis- pensaries and distributing money and other gifts. Dispensaries in France A new dispensary has recently been opened by Dr. Margaret Farwell, head of the American Red Cross Children's Bureau of the locality, at Essonnes, an important manufacturing town of France, in the department of Seine- et-Oise, at the request of the mayor of the city. This is the third in the Cor- beil district founded within the last five months by the American Red Cross. During the war, Essonnes, with a population of 15,000, was left practi- cally without medical aid, all the doc- tors being mobilized, with the excep- tion of the Red Cross relief work conducted throughout the city. The dispensary was temporarily set up in two rooms of the school for mothers, until the new building, in the Govern- ment's hands at the time of its inaugu- ration, was given up. The city fur- nishes light, heat and caretaking, free of charge. Two French aides, chosen from among the visiting nurses al- ready organized, are attached to the dispensary staff. The dispensary is an important fac- tor in combatting contagious disease. New International Bulletin Word comes from the publishers of the International Bulletin, published in Geneva by the International Red Cross Committee since 1864, that the Bulletin will undergo a process of transformation and enlargement, with the idea of spreading Red Cross news more widely than ever before among the nations. Heretofore the Interna- tional Bulletin, printed in French, has appeared every three months, with comprehensive sketches of the activi- ties of the various societies. Hence- forth it will be issued monthly. In addition, there will appear the new “Revue Internationale de la Croix Rouge,” issued on the 15th of each month, which “will publish signed articles concerning all questions of charitable aid of general interest. In these the authors are urged to freely express their views, denounce and expose injustice, and appeal for help. Any article dealing with ques- tions of national importance, offering points of interest to other countries, will be taken into consideration. . . .” The International Committee ex- presses the hope that this new de- velopment of international publicity will help to strengthen one of the links binding all nations that have stood the test of war, and at the same time serve to pave the way to greater understand- ing and broader cooperation among the Red Cross societies of the world. The President of Switzerland Gustave, Ador, president of the Swiss Confederation, and also presi- dent of the International Committee of the Red Cross, is one of the men now prominently in the world's eye. Mr. Ador has been a very active Red Cross man for many years, succeed- ing Gustave Meynier in the presi- dency of the International Committee upon the latter’s death. He also was the founder of the Agency for Pris- oners of War. Throughout the recent war Switzer- land was a neutral country entirely surrounded by warring nations, and a high order of statesmanship was nec- essary to maintain governmental equilibrium. The Swiss Government and Swiss Red Cross were very help- ful to the allies in matters relating to the care of prisoners in enemy countries. The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss nation now have a fresh interest by reason of the approach of another Geneva Conven- tion—one that may mean even more GUSTAVE ADOR. to mankind than the one which orig- inally established the Red Cross movement throughout the world. No Modification of Parcels Order Numerous requests are reported as having been made to division offices of the Red Cross for the exerting of influence to secure a modification of the postoffice rules prohibiting the sending of parcels to soldiers in the Expeditionary Forces, unless the same have been asked for by the sol- diers to whom addressed. It has been learned from the War Department that there is no likeli- hood of a modification of the order, because of the recent ruling of Gen- eral Pershing in which he pointed out the strain on railroad facilities in France in the event of unrestricted sending of parcels abroad and ex- pressed satisfaction with work done by the Red Cross and the various wel- fare agencies in supplying wants addi- tional to the actual needs of the men. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Praise for Aviation Canteen Work The letter which follows was printed in Plane News, a paper pub- lished in France and devoted to the interests of the Aviation Service: “MRs. COBB WILSON, “Directrice American Red Cross. “My DEAR MRS. WILSON: “Before leaving this post I should like to take the liberty of telling you how greatly I have appreciated the work which the Red Cross has done at Issoudun. “It is my belief that our officers and soldiers are the very best that there are in the Army. Not only during the strenuous days of October, but particularly in the difficult period im- mediately after the armistice was signed, our personnel gave evidence of what splendid stuff they are made. “It must always be a source of great satisfaction to you and your fellow- workers in the Red Cross to realize that none of these thousands of fine Americans that have been on duty at this post are going to forget the un- failing kindness, courtesy and good cheer which has been given them at the Red Cross canteen. As an influ- ence for good in helping to make this post a bit of America in the midst of a foreign land, your work has been unsurpassed by that of any other agency or institution. “The sacrifice and hardships which the ladies of the Red Cross have en- dured, their despairingly early hours and their wearisome drudgery have borne sweet fruit in the affectionate regard which they have won from both officers and soldiers of this camp. “Sincerely yours, - (Signed) “HIRAM BINGHAM, “Lieut. Col. A. S.” M. Sheng Tun Ho, chief executive of the Chinese Red Cross, sent a well- supplied commission into Siberia for the relief of Siberian refugees during the winter months. TOURS-COURTYARD OF HOUSE USED BY A. R. C. As REFUGEE HOME *- Caring for Red Cross Employes Since its reorganization about the first of October, the emergency room at National Headquarters has proven of such great value that Red Cross division offices may be interested in knowing something of its success, with a view to establishing division Wel- fare Committees “to promote the health and general welfare of Red Cross employees.” The emergency room consists of office accommodations where the daily records of the personnel at National Headquarters are kept. By 10 o'clock each morning the attendance of every department at National Headquarters is taken, and each department sends to the emergency room a statement of absent members. These cases are in- vestigated the same day, the necessary first-aid treatment is given, and, wher- ever the need arises, the patient is referred to a competent physician. Adjoining the office room is the rest room, fitted with wicker furniture and a couch where sick members of the Red Cross personnel may have needed rest in a quiet, darkened room. The dispensary nearby is equipped to give first-aid treatment for headache, colds, and various other minor ailments, and opens into the sick room. The value of the sick room has been proven many times, when influenza patients, with fever as high as 103 degrees, have been accommodated there until their removal either to their homes or the Emergency Hospital. Miss Roberta Castleman, a graduate of Johns Hopkins Training School for Nurses, is in charge of the emer- gency room, and Mrs. Pauline Bauldy, a graduate of the Massachusetts Gen- eral Hospital, gives the visiting nurs- ing care required for outside cases. In addition to first-aid needs, one of the most important phases of the work of the emergency room has been the visiting nursing care given to Red Cross employes. A car has been as- signed to the room and has greatly facilitated the work of visiting out- side patients. It has also proven of decided value in moving patients to their homes and in making night calls. The Holiday House, recently estab- lished through Miss Mabel Board- man’s efforts, cooperates in all phases with the aims of the Welfare Com- mittee. Holiday House will also be open to all government workers who may desire to spend their convales- cences in the attractive surroundings chosen and equipped by the Red Cross. Miss Boardman hopes that during the summer it also serve as a recreation center, as well, for war workers de- siring a short rest in the country. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE VISITING NURSE—AS A MEMORIAL BY CHARLOTTE LATHAM PAINE A. f In a little Pennsylvania town, sev- eral years ago, occurred a wedding of more than usual interest. A young woman of wealth and position, ex- quisite in mind, body and spirit, mar- ried a man of fine character and high ideals. For one year, a year filled with joy and happiness, they lived together in New York. Then again, her father's house in the little town was filled with flowers, and she and her baby daughter lay sleeping among them. It seemed a devastating Sorrow, not to be explained or alleviated; only to be borne. As the months went by, the desolate young husband’s mind was filled with a desire to raise up a fitting memorial to her—one that should ex- press her beautiful life and keep her name in loving remembrance. , She had had a sweet way in her girlhood of going among those who were sick or sad, bring in g them cheer and comfort as well as material help. An i d e a dawned upon the young man’s mind —grew and ex- p and ed. Why should not a visit- ing nurse be in- stalled in the little to w n where she had lived, to carry on upon a larger scale the work of bringing help, and comfort to those who were sick or helpless, especially the young mothers with tiny babies? : when he voiced the idea there were some who discouraged him — “it wouldn’t work”—something handsome along other lines would be the thing. Others saw the difficulties but felt with him that a memorial for that sweet life should be a living one. So after a short time, on one auspi- cious New Year's Day, the nurse ar- rived. She was quite young, very capable and independent. She was introduced to all the doctors and the clergymen of the village. A commit- tee was appointed, not to manage the nurse's work, but as a court of ap- peals, and with a treasurer to manage the financial end, for the town pre- ferred to shoulder the local expenses, such as drugs, supplies, and telephone and livery bills. w So her work began. It was a long, hard winter of bitter cold, and there were pneumonia cases that she pulled through in a masterful way; there were sick babies and new babies to be looked after, and lingering tubercu- losis patients that never had known or dreamed of the comfort a trained nurse's visit once a day could give them. In a short time it was seen that the trouble was not in persuading peo- ple to allow the nurse to come in, but in allowing her any time to sleep, eat or rest, so many were the demands upon her, and so dependent did peo- ple become upon her services. Committees were formed in every church to find supplies for the work —sheets, towels, baby outfits, night- gowns, etc., were furnished. Broth, fruit, etc., were sent where there was need of such things, and the nurse herself often shared in furnishing delicacies. d A whole story in itself could be THE HOURS You ask us now, to count the hours we worked: To give a medal so that all may know ; I but remember those I shirked—for tasks less worthy, so— Like many another, I shall let my hours go. My only wish that I may show In later years, some sweeter glow Upon my face, reflecting in its peace - The knowledge that my labors for the Red Cross never cease! —MABEL C. K. BROWN, Woodmere, Long Island. ... ‘84 & * * 31||||IIIHIII:IHIIIllinIIIHIIIlirill||1||||IIIHIIIHIIIHIIIHIIIHIIIHIIIHIIIllirill|IIIHIIIHIIIllirill||||||||IIIIHIIIHIIIHIIIHIIIHIII: written about the part this nurse and the committees took during the terri- ble typhoid fever epidemic when one out of every five persons in the town was stricken. A corps of visiting nurses and a supply station for relief with a regular staff of workers were established, and their work was con- stant and untiring, although two emer- gency hospitals were instituted and private nurses were everywhere. It was not long after this that in recog- nition of the way in which the work had increased, taking the nurse into the country round about and to many of the nearby villages, a generous friend provided a little Ford runabout for her use, increasing by a large ratio the field of her usefulness. One of the best sights this town affords is the nurse in her immaculate uniform driving about in her little car which almost seems to proclaim of it- self its mission. Many a story could be told of wild rides through storms and snow-drifts with the doctors, long fatiguing nights spent in hard work to save a life—perhaps two lives; drives alone over rough back roads at night where no doctor was at hand, to bring a baby into the world. In isolated farmhouses where women lie sick and unattended, her visits are hailed with joy that is pathetic to see. This little town has acquired some great improvements in the last six years—a public library, an improved School building, a sewer system, an active civic club, a splendid civic build- ing—but nothing has ever happened that can compare with the good the visiting nurse has brought. What memorial could possibly be thought out that could bring a dear name into So many hearts and upon so many lips with a blessing ! Could good come out of evil, or happiness and blessing Out of sorrow in a more striking way than this? When one thinks of the enormous sums of money that go into memorials in wood and stone, objects of beauty, perhaps—not always that, even—and eill||||IIIllirill|IIIllirill||||||III:IIIHIIIlirill|IIIHIIIIIIHIIIlirill||||IIIllirill|||||IIIIlllllllllllirillllllllllllkilllllllll:Irill||||IIIHIIIHIIIHIIIrill|||||IIIſre considers what it would mean to have one visiting nurse installed in each of several towns instead of these meaningless shafts and pillars and so me time s monstrosities, one wonders why it has not been done often and often, until every village has its visiting nurse, bearing the dear name as she goes on her rounds farther and farther into the hearts of those who knew and loved her, and making it a blessed sound to those who never knew it before. If only this little sketch might in- spire Some one to install just one more memorial nurse in some little town The need is always there though not always realied, but, once in operation, the work is recognized as full of un- told blessings to him who gives no less than to those who take. Our land is filled just now with those who are mourning the loss of a splendid son, husband, or brother, and whose last hours may have been made bearable by one of these wonderful women who went over as nurses. Perhaps many of these mothers or fathers, sisters or wives are seeking a fitting memorial. To make it in this same way, a living, glorious thing to commemorate the splendid young life that went out in battle for the right, would be, indeed, a blessed work. HY RAL LI - &^****, S T ST "" The APR - 7 1919 Vol. III Red Cross Bulºket; No. 14 CANMEs congress PERSONNEL Eminent Specialists of Five Nations Meet this Week to Prepare Red Cross Program The Committee of the Red Cross societies of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan, which is preparing the program for presenta- tion to the convention of the Red Cross societies of the world which has been called to meet at Geneva thirty days after the offi- cial proclamation of the peace treaty, has announced the names of the ex- perts invited to the conference which is to begin at Cannes, April 1, to con- sider general mat- ters relating to the relief of suffering and the combatting of disease in the in te rest of hu- manity. Each of the men invited is a foremost special- ist in his chosen field. The list by countries follows: FRANCE Professor Roux, director P a ste u r Institute, Paris. Dr. F. Widal, physician to Hos- pital Cochin, Paris. Major Edouard Rist, Service de Sante, France. Dr. Calmette, di- rector Pasteur In- stitute, Lille. Dr. Leon Ber- nard, Paris. Prof. Paul Cour- mont, Lyon. Dr. La v e r a n, N N ** professor of protozoology, Pasteur In- stitute Paris. Dr. Milian, St. Paris. Dr. Armand Delle, Paris. Dr. Maurice Pehu, Univ. of Lyon. ENGLAND Sir Wm. Osler, Regius professor of medicine, Oxford University. Sir Walter M. Fletcher, secretary of medicine research committee. (Continued on page seven) Louis Hospital, BOBERT E. OLDS, AMERICAN RED CROSS COMMISSIONER FOR EUROPE WiLL ENLARGE NURSING CORPS Red Cross to Supply Nurses for Pub- lic Health Service; Corps to Be Under Miss Minnegerode The American Red Cross, through the Department of Nursing, has en- tered into an arrangement with the United States Public Health Service whereby graduate enrolled Red Cross nurses will be fur- nished to the Pub- lic Health Service just as Red Cross nurses are supplied to the Army and the Navy. This new rela- tion between the Red Cross and the Public Health Service is an inci. dent in the develop. ment of the latter Organization under a recent act of Congress, which is designed in part to meet the growing hospital needs of the enlarged mer- chant marine. Un- der this law the Public Health Service will obtain additional hospital and sanatorium fa- cilities for the care and treatment of discharged sick and disabled soldiers, sailors and ma- rines; army and navy nurses, pa- tients of the War Risk Insurance Bu- reau, merchant ma– rine seamen, sea- men on boats of the Mississippi River Commission, offi- cers and enlisted men of the United 2 B U L L E T H N T B E R E D C R O S S States Coast Guard, officers and em- ployees of the Public Health Service, certain keepers and assistant keepers of the United States Lighthouse Serv- ice, seamen of the Engineer Corps of the Army, officers and men of the United States Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey, civilian employes entitled to treatment under the United States Employes' Compensation Act, and em- ployes on army transports who are not officers or enlisted men of the Army. As it is expected the number of pa- tients to be cared for in hospitals of the Public Health Service will be in- creased from about 50,000 a year to fully 75,000, Surgeon General Rupert Blue turned to the Red Cross as a source for a greatly enlarged Public Health Nurse Corps. MISS LUCY MINNEGEROEDE On recommendation of the Depart- ment of Nursing of the Red Cross, Surgeon General Blue has appointed Miss Lucy Minnegerode, of Fairfax, Va., superintendent of the United States Public Health Nurse Corps. Miss Minnegerode is a graduate of Bellevue Training School for Nurses, of New York. She was selected to be chief nurse of an American Red Cross unit which was sent to Kief, Russia, in 1915, and gave distinguished serve ice in that capacity. When the United States entered the war, Miss Minne- gerode was called by the Red Cross to take charge of the preparation of Red Cross nurses for assignment overseas. COZY CORNER IN N URSES” CLUB, A. R. C. BASE HOSPITAL, CHAUMONT “FIRST AID” IN ALL SCH00LS Red Cross Movement Generally In- dorsed by State Superintendents of Public Instruction First-aid instruction for public school children is to be introduced un- der the supervision of the American Red Cross in schools throughout the United States. Most of the State superintendents of instruction have endorsed the Red Cross first-aid course, according to re- ports received by Col. C. H. Connor, Medical Corps, U. S. A., assistant di- rector general of Military Relief of the Red Cross, from Dr. E. R. Hun- ter, director of the First-Aid Division, who has just finished a tour of the COuntry. New York City is the latest cham- pion of the course, according to Col- onel Connor. The Board of Educa- tion there has appropriated an amount not to exceed $185 for each public school, to defray the expense of pur- chasing Red Cross first-aid text-books, charts and other teaching material. Through the cooperation of State superintendents of education in Louis- iana, Mississippi and Alabama, first- aid treatment is being taught in all public schools of those states. The first-aid course has been en- thusiastically received on the Pacific coast, says Dr. Hunter's reports. The greater part of California is deeply interested. Red Cross chapters in California have cooperated in the in- troduction of the study of first aid in that State, and are planning to assist in making the graduating exercises in schools where first aid is taught ex- ceptionally interesting affairs. In the Northwest, in addition to first aid be- ing taught in the schools, many of the schools are being equipped with Red Cross first-aid kits. In Alaska the introduction of the first-aid course has received the hearty approval of the Governor, of the Board of Education, and of the Alaskan Native Medical Service. One of the most useful instru- mentalities in the spread of first-aid instruction will be the national organ- ization of Boy Scouts. A special merit badge for passing a Red Cross first-aid examination will be awarded each scout by his organization. It is roughly estimated that there are 100,000 fatal accidents in the United States annually, in a large number of which instances death could be averted by timely first-aid treat- ment given by some instructed layman while the doctor is being sought. 150,000 Questionnaires–Not Nurses It was stated in THE BULLETIN of March 17 that 150,000 nurses had filled out questionnaires for the Nurs- ing Survey. The statement should have read that 150,000 questionnaires have been received from all groups of women engaged in nursing service, such as graduate and student nurses, practical nurses, midwives, and women who have taken the Red Cross Course of Instruction in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick. At the present date, questionnaires have been received from between 40,000 to 50,000 graduate nurses. This number, however, will be greatly augmented by the question- naires which are being filed by nurses now in military service in this country and overseas. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T L N Convalescent House at Quantico The American Red Cross Convales- cent House that has recently been opened at the great Marine Corps can- tonment at Quantico, Va., is proving just what the sick and wounded among the 6,000 sea soldiers stationed at that post needed to hasten their recovery. At all hours of the day and evening à | % the trim, stucco building is thronged with convalescing marines, and four evenings of every week dancing, mov- ing pictures or other entertainments are given for them. The Convalescent House at Quan- tico is a building in the form of the Greek cross, surmounted by a win- dowed cupola and overlooking the Po- tomac River at a point where the stream is three miles wide. The center of the building is entirely taken up by a gen- eral lounging and reading room. Great windows all around, hung with snuff- brown curtains, flood the room with light and sunshine, and in spite of its size the room has an atmosphere of cheer and restfulness and even cozi- ness. On the floor are large brown rugs. I large and small dark oak tables, with benches, serve for read- ing, writing and games. The tables have desk compartments, and each has two tall, blue, standard reading lamps with gay cretonne shades. Immense fireplaces occupy the cen- ter of each side of the room, with big lounges and easy chairs all about. Four sides have well-stocked book- shelves. A piano and a phonograph supply music, and already the boys have formed an orchestra. There are balconies overhanging each fireplace, hung with the flags of the Allies. In the wings back of the fireplaces are the officers’ quarters and administration office on one side, and on the other four bedrooms and bath, dining room, § | | pantry and kitchen for the hostess and guests. Parents and relatives of sick marines can be quartered here when other rooms are not available, or can- not be afforded. At one end of the Convalescent House is a stage with piano and other furnishings, and at the other a gallery housing a moving-picture machine. Field Director Francis Powell is in charge of the House with the help of three assistants and the hostess. General O'Ryan's Red Cross Tribute The American Red Cross unit at- tached to the Twenty-seventh Division of the United States Army in France, was given a special place in the parade of that famous organization in New York City last Tuesday. In a letter to Captain Bobo, head of the unit— a Croix de Guerre man–General O'Ryan made formal announcement of his honor, saying: “During our operations in France, the Red Cross unit attached to the Twenty-seventh Division did much to add to the comfort of the men, but the real test of its efficiency came when our troops became actively engaged. At that time the Red Cross, often un- der heavy fire, rendered great assist- ance, both in the care and the trans- portation of the wounded, and saved many lives. “I have always regarded your unit as a part of the Twenty-seventh Di- sion and have, accordingly, designated a place for it in the parade, which is to be held in New York on March 25th” LONDON.—HEADQUARTERS A. R. C. DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY RELIEF AND HOME COMMUNICATION SERVICE 4 - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSSBUILDING WASHINGTON, D.C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-chass mail matter at the Post Office at Washington. BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAF'r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FoREsr. . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston FARRAND. Chairman Central Committee WILLouGHBY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., MARCH 31, 1919 The Conference at Cannes International cofferences of Savants and men of the profession, looking to world progressiveness, are nothing uncommon — albeit somewhat inter- fered with by mundane conditions of the last four or five years—but there probably never has been one of more promise in respect to far-reaching re- sults than the conference—or series of conferences—scheduled to start at Cannes, France, this week. Too frequently these learned gath- erings are academic, in the Sense that the ideas advanced lack the force-be- hind to put them into general opera- tion. It is one thing to discover or promulgate great scientific truths, and quite another to have them adopted by the multifarious groups that make up the population of the earth. This is particularly true with respect to those things that involve the physical and moral well-being of the people, in distinction from their so-called “ma- terial” welfare. Usually the most that can be done is to make suggestions; and, in the absence of strong coopera- tive organization, nothing happens. But things are taking a new start. The greatest humanitarian force the world ever has known is represented today in the Red Cross. Its power has been strengthened and its pur- pose to serve humanity intensified by the carnage from which the world is just emerging. It is looking forward not only to the relief of distress on a more thorough scale in the years to come, but to the prevention of misery and suffering through the ravages of disease. There is an axiom of eco- nomics that nations are dependent for their prosperity to a large extent on the prosperity of other nations with which they have trade relations; it is even more obviously axiomatic that the health of a country is safeguarded or imperilled—as the case may be— by conditions in the rest of the world. And a vital thing in connection with the new awakening is that there is in evidence an organization which can do more than merely make sugges- tions—an organization that can do things! * Therefore, the gathering at Cannes, Of Specialists in matters pertaining to health—treatment of diseases, child welfare and the like—is of supreme world-interest. The program which these men will prepare for submission to the approaching conference of the Red Cross Societies of the world will have the force of execution behind it, for the prospective union and coordi- nation of Red Cross effort will pos- sess all the resources for action. It suffices not to say that the Cannes con- ference will be important. Its results are likely to be momentous. The Financial Situation. Dr. Farrond, in his message to the members of the American Red Cross, published in THE BULLETIN of March 10, called attention to the necessity, probably before the end of the year, of going before the public for funds to continue the work to which the Red Cross is committed. It is not possible at this time to indicate the financial necessities of the situation that may be presented next fall; but there stands forth the fact that the war tasks of the Red Cross did not end with the signing of the armistice, and the further fact that emergency relief work in the months of the immediate past has called for expenditures greater than during any similar period since the beginning of the war. There was no realization, even approximately, of the extent of the distress in the world until after the cannon had cooled. Obligations already assumed not only had to be met, but, with the liberation of many lands, it became a humanitarian duty to extend relief activities into hitherto inaccessible regions. In consequence the drain on resources has been enor- mous, despite the exercise of the most rigid economy. In connection with the financial out- lay necessary to relieve distress, it must not be forgotten that work in behalf of American soldiers and sailors still keeps up and must continue for an indefinite period. And still further there are the permanent peace plans to be considered. Plainly, the work in hand would have to be terminated abruptly if the financial resources were exhausted; but the tasks under- taken cannot be suffered to cease until they are completed. The future promises even greater opportunity for the American Red Cross than the past; and it never can be doubted that the American people will meet every appeal that is made. What is now important is that the active Red Cross workers take an ad- vance view of the eventual situation, in order that they may be prepared to expedite matters when the time comes. The Commissioner for Europe The American Red Cross commis- Sioner for Europe will occupy a posi- tion of exceptional responsibility in the administration of relief work on the new peace basis. The commission for Europe, composed of the heads of the different foreign commissions, has been abolished and its functions, with Some added authority, have been cen- tered in a single man. Hereafter the foreign commissions will report di- rectly to the Paris headquarters, and the European work in general will be directed from there. Lieut. Col. Robert E. Olds, a picture of whom is presented on page one of this issue, was appointed commissioner for Europe when the reorganization was begun several weeks ago. Before that he was counselor to the American Red Cross Commission for France. He is a member of the law firm of Davis, Severance & Olds, of St. Paul, Minn. * e: T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - From the Red Cross Watch Tower DERSONAL Observation of Red Cross work among the soldiers will suggest that one of its finest features is the all-the-time readiness to meet the wants—all the reasonable wants— of the men in uniform. There is a difference between “wants” and “needs.” When the fighting was in progress, and when the boys were in camp, training for the great adven- ture, the main thing in mind from the Red Cross point of view, was to sup- plement the Government in looking after the needs of the troops. Wants were incidental, to a large degree. With the fighting over and thousands of the youth of the land lying on hos- pital cots or slowly convalescing from wounds and disease, the opportunity for service finds its most striking ex- pression in satisfying wants that go beyond actual needs. In the hospitals, for instance, the needs of the patients, so far as medical attention and nursing care are Con- cerned, are well taken care of by the military establishment of the Govern- ment. It is the province of the Red Cross to supply the home touches, run the errands, and perform a hun- dred and one services that the Gov- ernment agencies or personnel cannot render. It is a labor of love that exists entirely apart from the service which doctors, nurses, and paid attendants are able to give. There is a heart in the work not only cheering to the men themselves, but to the families of the soldiers, through their knowledge that willing hands are constantly minister- ing to their dear ones. >k :k :k CºNº. examples may be * found wherever the flag flies over a building housing any of Uncle Sam's soldiers and sailors. Practically carte blanche has been given the Red Cross to enter and do whatever the situation demands, and there is nothing but evidence that full advantage has been taken of the privilege. The Red Cross has driven the gloom out of hospital life to the maximum degree of pos- sibility. About all a bed-ridden boy has to do is to express a wish for something he would like; and if the wish is within reason the chances are that he gets it in short order. Take the case of any of the large debarkation hospitals in this country. In every ward there is a Red Cross woman in constant attendance. When a patient wants something that the nurses are too busy or otherwise un- able to attend to, the Red Cross worker listens to the desire and then sets about gratifying it. Perhaps it is some particular book that is wanted. May- be it is some delicacy that the return- ing appetite craves. It may be the carrying of a personal message or similar errand. But whatever it may be along the line indicated, the one Red Cross duty is to meet the want. :: :k :k TNHE doctors and the nurses will tell you just how helpful this service in the hospital wards is in speeding the recovery of the patients. One may marvel at the wonders of modern science in caring for the sick and wounded as they are exhibited in the various hospitals under the con- trol of the Army and Navy; but equally impressive are the ministra- tions of those whose science consists solely in a plain understanding of human nature and the desire to grati- fy its wants and even its fancies. It is impossible to put an appraisement on the value of this service. The more important hospitals, tak- ing floor space and the number of . inmates into consideration together, are as large as many prosperous cities throughout the country. The popu- lation is more shifting than that of the city but there are all the facilities for wholesome amusement that the city can boast. They, too, are supplied by the Red Cross. You will find a regular theater auditorium, with ter- raced tiers of seats, moving-picture paraphernalia, and a stage where talent from the professional houses supplements that of an amateur kind. On every floor you will find a reading and writing room for the convalescent, in charge of a Red Cross hostess; and there are billiard and pool tables and other games, and boxing platforms and other athletic devices for those able to make use of them. EOPLE want to do so much for 1 the boys who fought for them across the sea, that the amusements overflow into the heart of the cities where the hospitals are located. This fact makes the amusement booking- station, as it might be called, one of the most interesting spots in the building. The presiding genius is a woman wearing the insignia of the Red Cross. The joyful crowd of con- valescents around her booth resembles an aggregation of young Americans at the ticket office at the opening ball game of the season. Someone has sent in twenty seats for one of the theaters that night. Someone else has sent in as many more for some other show. A chicken dinner is on the list, at the home of someone “uptown.” There is enough diversity in the supply of entertainment to suit the tastes of all; and somehow the genius of the Red Cross boss on the job makes the ap- portionment of favors so that every- body gets what he wants or “some- thing just as good.” Maybe the young woman was trained in a drug store. In addition to the regular forms of entertainment as listed, sight-seeing tours for the convalescent and for the returning soldiers of sound health as well, are coming more and more in vogue as a part of the Red Cross pro- grams in the large cities. Red Cross guides and “chaperons” accompany the different parties sent out on amusement bent. - * {< Thousan DS of persons from the interior are flocking to the debark- ation ports to welcome returning sons and husbands, and to be near those who come back as hospital patients. Obviously the relatives of wounded and sick soldiers may not have un- limited entrée to the hospitals with the privilege of wandering about at will. But in a “cage” in a waiting room they will find upwards of a score of girls in Red Cross uniform—volun- teer “bell-hops”—who are on duty every day to escort a relative to some boy in a far-away ward, bring the patient to the waiting room, or carry any message. Thus everybody finds the Red Cross at their service all the time. - - An old story this may be to many— but an old story that is ever new in its inspiration. Even the Red Cross worker far removed from the actual scenes can have no real conception of the meaning of it all without seeing it. Those to whom it is not wholly an old story may be able to get a little better understanding from what is here put in print. T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Y P R E S By MAURICE MAETERLINck [Translated from the French] Like Louvain, Malines, Termonde, Lierre, Dixmude, Nieuport (I am speaking of it as in Flanders), Ypres is no more and Furnes is full of gaps. Besides the great Flemish cities— Brussels, Antwerp, Gand and Bruges— vast and living museums which were guarded attentively by an entire peo- ple which was more attached to its traditions than anything else, they formed a pleiad of delightful and hos- pitable little cities, too little known by travelers. Each one of them had its aspect of peace, of amenity, of inno- cent mirth or of calmness. Each one of of them had its treasures jealously cherished, its belfries, its churches, its canals, its old bridges, its silent con- vents, its quaint old houses which gave it a peculiar air never to be forgotten. But the indisputable queen of these forsaken beauties was Ypres with its enormous central square, bordered by little houses with jagged gable ends, and its prodigious market places which occupied all one side of the immense square. This square haunted forever the memory of whoever had seen it, were it only for once, between trains; it was so unexpected, fairylike, almost a delusion in its disproportion to the rest of the city. When the old city, whose life was retiring from century to century, had gradually straightened around it, it remained the immovable, the magnificent and gigantic witness of the former power and opulence, when Ypress was, with Gand and Bruges, one of the three queens of the western world, one of the most ardent hearths of independence, of industry, and of human activities and the cradle of great liberties. Such as she was yesterday—alas, such as she is no more today—this place, with the mass, enormous but un- speakably harmonious, of these market places sometimes powerful and ele- gant, somber, wild, haughty and never- theless cordial, was one of the most perfect and most marvelous urbane scenes that one could see in our old land. In another order, with other elements and under more austere skies, she would merit the same cherishing by men, the same holiness and the same intangibility as Saint Mark's Square in Venice, the Signoria of Florence, or the Dome Square of Pisa. She formed a unique, irreproachable piece of art which called forth an expression of admiration from the most indifferent, an ornament which one hoped would be imperishable, one of these things of beauty which, as the English poet says, “are a joy forever.” When the great peace comes to the earth, may it not find her deserted and despoiled of all her beauties. The places where this earth is beautiful as a result of centuries of work, as happy successes of good will, of patience, of the genius of a race, are not numerous. This corner of Flanders over which death hovers is one of these conse- crated places. If it perished, the men yet to be born would miss it and per- haps finally will rejoice over the mem- ories and examples which nothing could replace. - The Horrors of Famine Advices from Tiflis, in Trans-Cau- casia, Russia, received at the State Department via naval radio, state that the conditions owing to lack of food in that region are becoming frightful. In Erivan it is reported that 45,000 are without bread, and there is not even a dog, cat, horse, camel, or any living thing in all of the region about Igdir. Refugee women are seen strip- ping flesh from dead horses with bare hands, and the deaths from starvation are rising daily. There is food at Baku and Baoum to feed the people for some time, but the railroads have not the facilities to transport all the necessities. Snow has been the chief obstacle the rail- roads have had to contend with, al- though the lack of staff to attend to the relief of the people is a crying necessity. - N N N = | Chairman’s Advisory Committee Through the appointment of eight members of the Chairman's Advisory Committee the chairman and Execu- tive Committee of the American Red Cross will continue to have the benefit of the experience of men who were actively engaged in the relief work of the war period. This committee, which will hold bi-weekly meetings to advise regarding problems arising in the ad- ministration, is composed as follows: George B. Case, formerly member of the War Council and specialist in international relations; C. G. DuBois, former comptroller of the American Red Cross; Harvey D. Gibson, former member of War Council, commis- sioner for France and commissioner for Europe; Samuel H. Greer, for- mer assistant general manager; Al- bert H. Gregg, former director of De- partment of Foreign Relief; Maj. Grayson M. P. Murphy, former mem- ber of War Council and commissioner for France, and subsequently on Gen- eral Pershing's staff; James H. Per- kins, former commissioner for France, and Robert P. Perkins, former Com- missioner for Italy. Northern's New Manager Major Clifford C. Hield has been appointed manager of the Northern Division, to succeed Frank T. Heffel- finger, resigned. Major Hield has for Several years been identified with the lumber industry in Minnesota and neighboring states. He entered the officers, training camp at Fort Snelling at the outbreak of the war and after- ward was assigned to the artillery branch of the service. - - - --- T EH E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Cannes Congress Personnel (Continued from page one) Col. S. Lyle Cummins, adviser in pathology, B. E. F. Sir Robert Phillips, Edinburgh. Sir Arthur Newsholme, London. Dr. F. W. Menzies, principal assist- ant medical officer, London County Council. Lieut. Col. Sir Ronald Ross, con- sultant for malaria, British Army; professor of Tropical Sanitation Uni- versity, Liverpool. Col. W. L. Harrison, R. A. M. C., London. Sir Wm. Leslie Mackenzie, medical member Local Government Board for Scotland, and Royal Commission on Housing. Dr. Truby King, New Zealand. ITALY Dr. Ett Machiafava, University de Rome. Lieut. Col. Aldo Castellani, Univer- sity of Naples. Dr. Giusippe Bastanelli, University of Rome. Col. Cesar Baduel, Florence, chief Bureau of Sanitary and Local Wel- fare, Italian Red Cross, Rome. Dr. Poli, University of Rome. Dr. Ducroy, University of Pisa. Dr. Valagussa, University of Rome. JAPAN R. Inabe, director hygiene labora- tory, College of Military Medicine, Japan. Dr. K. Shiga, professor Imperial Institute for Infectious Diseases, Tokio. Dr. Hideyo Noguichi, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York. AMERICA Dr. Wm. H. H. Welch, director School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Simon Flexner, director labora- tories of Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York. Dr. Herman N. Biggs, public health commissioner, New York State. Dr. E. R. Baldwin, director of Ed- ward L. Trudeau Foundation for Tu- berculosis, New York. Dr. Theobald Smith, director of an- imal pathology, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Dr. Wycliffe Rose, director General International Health Board, Rockefel- 1er Foundation. Col. George Walker, United States Army, Fellow American College of Surgeons, in charge of venereal dis- eases, A. E. F. Col. Wm. F. Snow, A. E. F., presi- dent of Association of State and Pro- vincial Boards of Health of North America. Col. Homer Swift, United States Army, consultant in medicine, A. E. F. Dr. L. Emmett Holt, professor dis- eases of children, College of Physi- cians and Surgeons. Dr. Samuel Hamill, professor dis- eases of children, Philadelphia Poly- clinic and College for Graduates in Medicine; director child welfare for State of Pennsylvania. Dr. Fritz Talbott, chief of children's medical department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. AMERICAN RED CROSS REPRESENTATIVES Dr. Livingston Farrand, formerly president of the University of Colo- rado; director general American Na- tional Red Cross. Maj. A. H. Garvin, chief Bureau of Tuberculosis, A. R. C., France. Maj. Wm. Palmer Lucas, professor of peliatries, University of California Medical School; chief of Children’s Bureau, A. R. C., France. Col. Richard P. Strong, United States Army M. D.; director depart- ment of Medical Research and Intel- ligence, A. R. C., and professor tropi- cal diseases, Harvard University Med- ical School. º % % % - ADDITIONAL REPRESENTATIVES Asst. Surg. Gen. N. S. Cummins, Public Health Service, now in France. Col. F. F. Russell, representing War Department in connection with Public Health Conference. Lieut. Col. Lindsay R. Williams, United States Army. The first conferences at Cannes are preliminary on the part of the Com- mittee of Red Cross societies to for- mulate and to propose to the Red Cross societies of the world an ex- tended program of Red Cross activi- ties in interest of humanity. The first conference will have to do with the preparation of the part of the pro- gram which deals with the organiza- tion of the International Council and Bureau of Hygiene and Public Health, which will consider work to be under- taken in connection with the preven- tion of epidemic disease, tuberculosis and venereal disease, and with child welfare. Specialists who will attend are the recognized authorities on these subjects. As a result of these con- ferences a complete program will be made which will deal with latest and best means to relieve suffering and combat disease. - PLAY GROUNDS FOR THESE CHILDREN OF THE PARIs straßET's ARE BEING ESTABLISHED BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS 8 - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN A soldiers APPREGiation Almost innumerable are the letters from soldiers expressing appreciation of the work of the American Red Cross, but here is one which tells the story from both the wounded man’s and the active fighter's standpoint with exceptional force. It was writ- ten by Lieut. Roy Leslie Rush, a mem- ber of the law class cf '16–17, Har- vard University, to the Adams County (Idaho) Chapter of the Red Cross, and reprinted in the Harvard Alumni Bulletin. It says: “It was far up northeast of the Ar- gonne, in the forest of Bantheville, where the Hun had all the advantage, but was yielding foot by foot, that four of us met for a brief moment to dis- cuss ways and means of feeding Our advancing front line. I was nearest the shell when it burst, and the first to fall. - “After the first shock was over and I had wriggled from under the dead body of the adjutant who had been next to me before the blow, I discov- ered my right leg to be entirely use- less, with the upper thigh considerably “mussed up” by a steel fragment. Three of our first-aid packets and ten yards of bandages were used at Once by the first-aid station. But these were rendered useless by the rain and mud after some of my crew had car- ried me a mile and a half through the forest to the ambulance. So, after a wild, jarring ride to the evacuation or sorting station, all had to be redressed. Another soul-racking ride Over war- weary roads and endless shell craters, and the second evacuation camp with its X-ray, and the operation followed. It was only a bit of jagged steel an inch and a quarter long but it had gone in over two inches and many more bandages were necessary. A brief rest of ten hours, then the long journey by rail until the final destination was reached—Bordeaux. - “Here the Great Mother has spread her arms, and a vast camp has sprung up to give back strength to those who have lost it. Each day the attendants slowly worked down the long rows of white cots and dress the many and varied wounds, and each dressing re- quires a new bandage. I doubt if all of you together in one afternoon have made more goods than have been used in packing and binding up this one gap of mine since I have been here. Yet I am but a tiny ripple in this great sea of pain and bloodshed, and the Great Mother has need of all her won- derful support. ... - “But not all the soldiers’ praise of the Red Cross comes from the wounded. Most of it, in fact, comes from the strong and active. It was about midnight, once, when my bat- talion was relieved at X , in the St. Mihiel sector shortly before the big drive, and 2 o’clock in the morning found us far down the road, marching single file through the black night to our new position in reserve. A steady rain had washed off some of the trench mud but had not soothed the feelings nor lessened the fatigue of the men. The line stopped suddenly and re- mained motionless for some time. Finally it commenced moving again, but very slowly, as a line would before a ticket window. Overcome by curios- ity I went ahead of my platoon to dis- cover the cause of our delay. Lo and behold ! - g “In a little ruined and lonely house by the roadside, a house whose stones scarcely clung to each other after the many bombardments, five men were busy under a canvas light screen giv- ing to each passing soldier a large cup of delicious, steaming chocolate, a package of cigarettes and chewing gum, and a handful of candy. I think I must have walked on air back to my tired platoon still coming in the line, for the Great Mother had heard of our night relief and had held out her hands to us. “These two brief incidents merely typify the countless other cases that occur daily on the front, and having been in two great drives as part of the shock troops, I can say that where the fighting is the keenest and the suffering the greatest there her golden thread is brightest. “I may attempt to crush the cot rail- ing in my pain when the old packing is changed for the new each day, or I may lie for long, throbbing hours with the Dakin solution burning on its way | to health, but my gratitude to the Red Cross never wanes. “So to the home folks who have made it all possible by their prayers, | time, and substance, I return, at least, the sincere thanks of a soldier (who has been there)—one of the home boys if you please, for himself and all his comrades.” • ------------ ****-*-rº- Directs Paris Office Otis H. Cutler, of New York, chair- man of the board of directors of the American Brake Shoe and Foundry Company, and head of the Insular and Foreign Division of the American Red Cross, has been made director of the Paris office of the Committee of Red Cross societies which is now at Cannes shaping the program for world-wide extension of Red Cross activities. |RED CROSS MAN TELL IT TO THE R. C. MAN The card here shown in facsimile is a sample of several that have been used successfully in some of the army camps by the workers of the Red + TELL IT TO THE How About the Liberty Bond? Has It Been Delivered 2 How About Your Allotment? Has It Been Received? What About Things Back Home? Is Everything All Right? COME TO RED CROSS HEADQUARTERS AND TALK IT OVER The Little white Building in Section v Near Camp Headquarters Across from No. 1 Exchange Don't Wait Until You Are Discharged DO IT NOW! . Cross Bureau of Camp Service. Through arrangements with the army authorities each man has been given one of the cards on his arrival in Carmp. Magazines Wanted Overseas The boys overseas are asking for more reading matter. General Persh- ing has cabled the request that more magazines be sent to the Americans on duty in France and in other coun- tries in Europe. The supply of magazines has been reduced from ten to two tons a month due to misapprehension of the public that magazines could not be sent un- der the one-cent postage ruling. Some magazines inadvertently dropped the line announcing that publications would be carried overseas under a one- cent stamp; but the ruling still holds. Red Cross divisions and chapters are urged to stimulate renewed interest in the sending of magazines abroad. cº ERAL Lleº. | * * - *. rº The Red Cross Buſketºn vol. iii washington, D.c., APRIL 7, 1919 |- No. 15 P0LAND A LAND OF HORRORS Terrible Conditions Revealed in Re- port by Red Cross Mission After Wide Tour (Special Red Cross Cablegram) Warsaw, March 30–Pitiful tales of the distress and suffering through- out eastern and southeastern Poland were brought here today by members of the American Red Cross mission, who have just returned from an eight-day tour of inspection, during which they covered 1,500 miles and distributed food, clothing and medi- cines in twenty cities and numerous villages. Everywhere they found typhus, the ravages of which had prac- tically wiped out whole towns, and in a great many p 1 a c e s smallpox and trachoma were prevalent, epidem- ics of the latter diseases threaten- ing because of the manner in which sick and well are herded together in many homes. In many of the isolated v i 11 a ges starving peasants lined the roadside a n d begged for food. For weeks they had been liv- ing on an imitation bread made from pot a to peelings, dirty rye and the bark of trees, but when the Red Cross arrived the supply of these ingredients had been exhausted. The greatest suffering and destitution was encountered in Pinsk, situated in the unhealthy Pripet marshes 200 miles east of Warsaw. In four years the population of Pinsk has been reduced from 50,000 to 25,000, and of the lat- ter 500 are down with typhus, lack- ing medical attendance and proper nursing care. Disease and hunger were found in every house visited. An inspection of the orphan asylum disclosed sixty children afflicted with typhus. Five of sixteen occupants of one house succumbed to the disease in one week. The direct misery was located in a little village in the Kowel district, about eight miles behind the Polish lines. Practically every one of the 120 persons remaining of the original population of 1,000 was dying of starvation or disease. In one thatched hut an eight-year-old child was the only member of a family of six not down with typhus. At another hut a mother was found nursing a baby that was dying of smallpox. Among the places visited by the Red Cross workers were Brest-Litovsk, Kowel, Chelm, Walcimir, Wolynskit, Lum- boml and Ravaruska. Brest-Litovsk, in pre-war times one of Russia’s largest and most prosperous railroad centers, pre- sented a scene of desolation, hunger and disease. Its modern buildings ar º MENDING CLOTHES FROM “OVER HERE” Aside from relieving acute distress, the wearing apparel sent to Europe from America will give employment, in repairing, to thousands of women in the liberated areas heaps of brick. Twenty thousand of the city’s population have not re- turned from exile in Russia. The re- maining 16,000 are facing starvation. The Red Cross representatives re- ceived an enthusiastic welcome. They left a small supply of foodstuffs, clothing and medicines, which were wholy inadequate to meet the needs of the situation. Typhus was found to have spread to the forts surround- ing the city, which now form the homes of the refugees back from Russia, who, finding their villages de- stroyed, have no other shelter. In one series of forts on the west side of Brest-Litovsk 150 persons were found living in fifteen dugouts. GLOTHING READY FOR EUROPE Drive for Used Garments for Ship- ment Abroad Being Continued By Some of Divisions Reports from the various divisions on the Red Cross drive for clothing to meet the needs of the tens of thou- Sands of destitute persons in the lib- erated countries of Europe and the Near East, carried on during the week of March 24 to 31, were incomplete when this issue of THE BULLETIN went to press. Some of the divisions reported that quantities of clothing had been moved on the first stage of the journey across the seas be for e the week was over. Other divisions re- ported that unsea- sonable we at her and other obstacles had inter, red with the collection of wearing a pºp a rel, and suggested the advisability of con- tinuing the cam- paign until the Sources of supply had been drained to the limit of pos- sibility. No division was able to give definite information on the outcome, but the indications from most sections were favorable to a suc- cessful show in g when the returns finally are checked up. Chapter reports, so far as made, indicate a response to the call to meet the critical situation abroad in the usual American spirit. A point made in connection with the drive has been the serviceable nature of all garments regardless of their state of repair, as it is designed to have repair work done by the people in the countries where the articles are to be distributed. Patching and mending of worn gar- ments and blankets, etc., will afford work for thousands of eager hands. Refugees welcome employment as well as supplies and women of all ages who have been made destitute by the war will embrace the opportunity to do whatever is offered to them in the na- ture of needlework and the like. T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TI N NURSES FOR THE CHAUTAUQUAS Several Overseas Workers Accept As- signments for the Red Cross Public Health Program Twenty Red Cross nurses have been secured and await assignment by the Department of Nursing as speakers upon its Chautauqua program during the coming summer. Fifteen of these nurses have recently returned from military duty overseas. These nurses have served with the British and American Expeditionary Forces, and with Red Cross commissions in al- most all parts of Europe. Their work represents many phases of the nursing profession, from welfare work among the refugees in France and Italy to the care of American troops in the great base hospitals of the A. E. F. Among the speakers who will tour the country in the interests of better health are many nurses who have held high executive posi- tions, both in the United States and overseas. Miss Sara Parsons, superintend- ent of the Boston Training School of the Massachusetts General Hospital, and chief nurse of this hos. pital unit, attached to the A. E. F., will probably be assigned to one of the large central Chautauqua circuits. Miss Bessie Baker, of Baltimore, a graduate and later assistant superin- tendent of nurses of the Johns Hop- kins Hospital, has also served over: seas as chief nurse of Base Hospital No. 18. Miss Etha E. Pearce, of the Presby- terian Hospital, New York City, for thirteen months director of the Ambu- lance Americane, Neuilly, Seine et Marne, France, and for six months director of the Hospital Croix Rouge Americane, Paris, has also accepted assignment upon the Chautauqua platform. - Miss Mary K. Nelson, of Fall River, Mass., who went overseas in 1915, as supervisor of American Red Cross nurses at Hospital Auxiliaire No. 43, Bis St. Valerie-en-Caux, France, had long and varied war servº ice, later serving as a member of the Army Nurses Corps attached to the A. E. F. in April, 1918. Almost all of these nurses have had extensive public health training and experience. Miss Ida F. Butler, of the Hartford Hospital Training School, Hartford, Conn., has organized two NN hospitals for the acute diseases of children under the Red Cross at Lyons, France. Mrs. Jane T. Dahlman, of Berlin, N. H., who has been instruc- tive visiting housekeeper at Boston for some years, has just returned from doing public health nursing in the devastated Piave sector, under the Red Cross Commission for Italy. Mrs. Dahlman’s public health training was received at Teachers' College, Colum- bia University, New York City. An- other Red Cross Chautauqua speaker, who served with the Italian Commis- sion at the hospital at Milano, Italy, is Miss Mabel Fletcher. Miss Edith Madeira, of Philadel- phia, a graduate of the Johns Hop- N § ON THE CHAUTAUQUA CIRCUITS Elizabeth Hunt, Mary K. Nelson, Sara E. Parsons. kins Hospital Training School for Nurses, has recently returned from Jerusalem, where she has been serv- ing as the chief nurse of the Red Cross Commission for Palestine. Miss Elizabeth Hunt, of Georgetown, Ky., who has already been assigned to one of the mid-western circuits, has had extensive nursing experience in Paris, and in Rome in 1908, and has also done pioneer public health work in" Kentucky as visiting nurse. AMIBOISE-Part of Old Convent Used as A. R. C. Workroom for Belgian Refugees PLIGHT OF SERBIAN REPATRIES Disease and Distress Alleviated to Fullest Possible Extent by Red Cross Mission --> Serbia has its full share of the dis- tress, disease and famine that are now the common lot of most of the European countries. Reports of the pitiful plight of the thousands o Serbians who have struggled back to their own country from Bulgaria in the last few months have been re- ceived from the Red Cross mission which is now at Uskub. Major D. J. McCarthy, a physician of Davenport, Iowa, is in charge of the Uskub mis- sion. Two of his assistants are Major Robert C. Den- nison, formerly pastor of the United Congregational Church, at New Haven, and Major John W. Froth- ingham of Brooklyn. Only the most rugged among the refugees man- aged to get back to Serbia, according to reports. Many dropped by the wayside and died of exhaustion and ex- posure. The Red Cross mission on its arrival in Uskub found a large num- ber of the homeless people in an old Turkish inn, part of which had been given over to horses and oxen. Family belongings were found heaped on the floor with men, women and children, all weakened from sickness and lack of food, huddled about in an atmosphere of filth and desolation. The Red Cross workers assisted in getting the most serious cases to the nearest hospital and then served liberal quantities of milk to the women and children—the first real nourishment many of them had had in weeks. Dr. McCarthy obtained a disinfect- ing plant left behind by the Germans, and a bath house from the local au– thorities. The refugees are first given hot baths and 1ater rubbed with kero- sene, after which the Red Cross gives them fresh clothing. “It is a joy to see these unfortunate people revel in the luxury of being clean,” says the report. “They stay in the bathroom as long as possible. After being cleaned up the families are housed in separate rooms, and given rations of bread, rice and milk. Mattresses and blankets are also passed out to them. After a few days' rest they are started toward their homes along the Albanian border.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN RED CROSS “WELCOMESHOME THE vogue Quite the Most Popular Things, Socially, in Connection with the Return of the Boys from Their Trip to Europe The welcome extended to the home- coming 27th Division of the American Army by the Red Cross is typical of the receptions that are being accorded all the troops returning from duty across the sea. The culmination of the 27th's home-coming—it was a New York division—was the parade in New York City, April 25, when the largest crowds in the history of the metropolis turned out to honor the he- roes, and in that celebration the Red Cross also took a prominent part. A brief story of the Red Cross ac- tivities in connection with the return of this division will show what is done for all at the debarkation ports. When the steamships Leviathan and Maure- tania arrived with the first of the New York troops—ten thousand on the for- mer and four thousand on the latter —women of the Canteen Service were on “the edge of the pier” to greet them. There were waving flags and the port band had been loaned as usual by the commanding general. As soon as the boats docked the outpouring soldiers were served with coffee and rolls; and each man also was the recipient of a bag of old- fashioned candy. The men on the sick list were put aboard harbor transfer boats, on each of which were groups of Red Cross women who served hot soups and more substantial food. The ferry boats that conveyed the active troops to Long Island City, en route to camp, were met at the ferry slip by the Long Island City canteen women, in uniform. The canteen was gaily decorated and there was a band to help along the general jubilation. The Mauretania did not dock until 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and to pre- vent the missing of the evening meal altogether, the commander of the port, Maj. Gen. David C. Shanks made plans for the serving of a hot one ashore. After conference with the Red Cross it was arranged that the Army should furnish equipment; that the army school of cooks and bakers should prepare the food, and that the Red Cross emergency canteen should serve it. The emergency canteen is attached to the embarkation and de- barkation canteen service carried on by the women of New York, Brooklyn and Hoboken. Serving of the dinner began about 7 o’clock, and before the train for the debarkation camp was ready to receive the last battalion it had been completed. It was about 11 o'clock at night when the Red Cross women re- turned to their homes, having been on duty since early morning. And the next day they were ready to do it again. Such is the daily Red Cross work at the port of New York and at the other large ports where troops from Europe are landed, and where sailors from American warships are returning to tell of things the Navy did “over there” and receive their share of the lionizing. In Tampa, Fla., the Red Cross canteen women have been con- ducting a series of home-coming parties. They started in mid-winter with a chicken supper, which was fol- lowed with dancing and singing. In addition to the regular schedule of service, plans were made for some sort of an extra party each month. During the week of the South Florida Fair, when 1,800 sailors were in town, the Canteen Committee arranged some entertainment for every day. The program included a dance, with a part- ner assured for every “gob,” a spe- cial theatrical performance, automo- bile trips, and everything that could be thought of to provide a good time. A report received from Waycross, Ga., tells of the home-coming recep- tion to the soldiers, sailors and ma– rines from that city and the county of which it is the seat. It is referred to because merely typical of the ef- forts put forth in the form of wel- come in the smaller communities throughout the country. The entire (Continued on page 7, column 3) % THE HOME-COMING OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH DIVISION * - - Convalescents from Greenhut Hospital watching parade, and Red Cross serving refreshments (Upper) coffee for West Point Cadets, the Guard of Honor. 4 THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSSBUILDING wASHINGTON, D.C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-chass mail matter at the Post Office at Washington. BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodfow WILSON. . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * ...President WILLIAM. H. Taft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. Dr. For EST. . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John Skr1,ron WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALExANDER. KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingsron FarraND. Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL 7, 1916 Welcome Home! All over the country the “welcome home” activities of the American Red Cross are emphasizing the pride which the people of America have in the boys who are returning from the task of saving liberty from annihilation. The organization which, because of its watchfulness over its loved ones in the days of danger, won the title of “Greatest Mother in the World” is now proving itself to be the whole family and all the country cousins thrown in, in its reception of the he- roes triumphant. - The “welcome home” extends all the way from the ports of debarkation on the Atlantic seaboard to the de- mobilization camps, and on to the cities, towns and hamlets where the returning soldiers and sailors lay aside the uniform of Uncle Sam to resume their places in the civil life of the na- tion. It cheers with its presence at the docks, provides refreshment on the piers and at the railroad stations, . supplies tender attention to the ill and wounded homeward-bound, furnishes entertainment, gives parties, assists in parades of honor—in short, in recep- tion, banquet and escort committees rolled into one, nationalized and sub- divided into branches that reach to the very door steps in the old home to W11. . Never would the American - de- fenders of liberty have forgotten what the folks at home were able to do for them during the fighting period through their Red Cross organization. But to find the same spirit of service greeting them on their return to na- tive land must kindle additional im– pressions regarding the far-reaching influence of the spirit in question. The remembrances of Red Cross welcome which some two or more millions of soldiers and sailors will carry with them to their homes will be easily translated into energized support of the great, permanent peace work in the interest of humanity which is to come out of the world war. The Clothing Need However successful the American Red Cross campaign for the collec- tion of used clothing to relieve con- ditions in the liberated countries of Europe, it cannot over-balance the needs of the situation. The general tenor of advices from the Red Cross representatives abroad is that too much clothing cannot be sent to meet the urgent demands in France, Bel- giyim, the Balkans and the countries where the Red Cross is only just be- ginning to put relief measures into operation. Indeed, the conditions which seemed to have been depicted to the fullness of descriptive power prior to the in- auguration of the drive set for the week of March 24 to 31 appear more distressing in the light of still later reports. Nearly every day brings cablegrams setting forth the discovery of wider areas of almost indescribable suffering, as commissions and investi- gating units penetrate deeper into the fields which they are seeking to cover. Poland, after a wide survey by the representatives of the American Red Cross, presents a panorama of hunger, disease and general distress far be- yond anything that was dreamed of when that country was opened up to Outside relief agencies. Russia’s sit- uation simply could not be worse. Clothing, of course, is only one of the needs of the people in the afflicted countries, but the need that is em- phasized at this time because of the special chance now being afforded the people of this country to help in that particular. General conditions, accord- ing to a cablegram from the Red Cross commissioner for Europe, are such as may compel the American Red Cross to consider laying before the mem- bers of the Organization a proposal for a larger program than now is being undertaken. This larger program is likely to be presented at any time, and it will be well to be prepared for it. Meanwhile, the campaign for cloth- ing, where quotas have not as yet been filled, should be continued until it is certain that sources of possible sup- ply have been exhausted. In some sec- tions the weather “flareback,” through which March reversed its traditional manner of coming in and making exit, planting a winter that appeared to have been a lacking season unexpectedly in the lap of spring, undoubtedly pre- vented the laying aside of garments that would have found their way into the Red Cross collections. When Spring settles, however, there will be heavy garments that have served their Original purpose, and the thing to do is to keep at the job of gathering them as long as there are prospects in sight. Past International Conferences There have been nine international Conferences of the Red Cross since the Organization was constituted at Ge- neva, Switzerland, in 1863. The places and years of these conferences follow : Paris, 187; Berlin, 1869; Geneva, 1884; Carlsruhe, 1887; Rome, 1892; Vienna, 1897; St. Petersburg, 1912; London, 1907; Washington, 1912. The tenth conference, called by the International Committee to meet at Geneva thirty days after the signing Of the pending peace treaty, will be the most important of all, in view of the plans fo renlarging and coordinat- in gthe Red Cross activities of the world which are to be set in motion. New Camp Service Director Edwin H. Brown has resigned from the directorship of the Bureau of Camp Service, and Laning Harvey, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., who has been serv- ing as associate director, has been ap- | pointed to succeed him, T H E R E D C Ross B ULLET IN 5 From the Red Cross Watch Tower THE Junior Red Cross is the American Red Cross of the fu- ture.” This statement in a recent letter addressed to Division Managers by the General Manager of the Ameri- can Red Cross, outlining the peace program of the Juniors, suggests many forward-looking thoughts. It emphasizes the permanency of the work which is to be carried on under the Red Cross emblem. In connection with the new international movement that will be formally inaugurated soon after, the signing of the world-peace Compact, it presages a humanity ap- proximating the ideal. Surely the next generation should be well equipped to meet the problems which have been projected by the war and its aftermath. The problem of relief, which is the One of Overwhelm- ing importance at the moment, gradu- ally will be succeeded in paramountcy by the problem of preventing distress and minimizing the ravages of disease throughout the world. So far as America is concerned, the spirit of service which was inculcated in the youth of the land during the war, and the far-reaching plans for the extension of youthful energies on a peace basis, will combine to secure the mightiness of the Red Cross future. :k :k ::: You are going to hear more and more of the Junior Red Cross from this time forth. There are some nine million members in its organiza- tion, and an army of that size, even of juveniles, is a tremendous power when its energies are concentrated on a definite objective. Originally the Junior work was directed by a bureau of the Red Cross Department of De- velopment. Now there is a Junior Membership Department—and it is some department. Soon its influence is going to be felt throughout the earth, like that of the senior organiza- tion of the American Red Cross. With the Junior Red Cross idea al- ready firmly established in the schools of America, and the home energies sys- tematized and bearing fruit, Mr. J. W. Studebaker, the director of the De- partment of Junior Membership, is giving special attention to the plans for the work on a world-wide basis. * . The Director of the Department of Junior Membership is a young man from the state of Iowa who combines maturity of judgment and sense of the practical with the enthusiasm of the youth who are enlisted in the new cause of “Service.” He has mapped out a program which is enough to stir the enthusiasm of all normal Ameri- cans just to read about it. :k :: ::: . Pºposes of the Junior Red Cross are divided into five gen- eral ideas. These are: To furnish re- lief to sufferng children throughout the world; to stimulate community activities appropriate to the spirit of the American Red Cross; to develop an international understanding and good-will made necessary by the new world conditions resulting from the war; to provide motives for purpose- ful and useful school activities, and to inculcate ideals and habits of service. A - An outline of the plans for relief work abroad in the immediate future has already been brought to the at- tention of the public. Everyone now knows how terribly the children of foreign lands are suffering as a result of the war. The immediate care which these children receive is vital to the future of the countries where they live. The children of America, millions strong and filled with the spirit of help- fulness and pardonable importance which the situation warrants, are going to assist in relieving the misery of the unfortunates—aid in clothing and nourishing their bodies, and build up, mentally and morally, those whose development has been retarded by the suffering visited upon them. :}; :k :k IN carrying on community activ- ities the Juniors of the Red Cross will have in mind the welfare of un- fortunate children at home, the same as they have the welfare of the im- mensely greater number of afflicted children abroad. This is the primary idea, but the many ways of helping the regular Red Cross Chapters in their work, and of assisting in the work of military relief likewise will receive attention. - While working at home and abroad, the children of the Red Cross are themselves to have the benefit of learning, in a more practical way than ever before has been possible, something of the social, industrial and commercial situations as they exist throughout the world. The underlying objective is the development of inter- national understanding and good-will. To make the plan effective school teachers, beginning next fall, are to be supplied with manuals of instruction regarding conditions among children ship Department and others. in different countries, the manuals containing stories and illustrations applicable to the scholars of every grade. Other educational facilities will be provided, and every month there is to be a special story in The Red Cross Magazine relative to the children in foreign lands. :k :k ºk W W 7E have learned much during the war,” says the Junior Red Cross peace program prospectus, “but one of the most important of its les- sons is the necessity for actually teaching service in our schools. It is perfectly clear now that the peoples of the earth and those of the states within our own nation cannot live apart from each other. In the future, therefore, education will emphasize service. It will make deliberate plans for teaching unselfishness and help- fulness to others. “The great humanitarian appeal of the Junior Red Cross, called con- stantly into play as it sees innumer- able mental and physical reactions, will undoubtedly offer the teacher an opportunity to inculcate in the chil- dren under her guidance attitudes and habits of common living which will result in a quality of citizenship of inestimable value.” :: :: :: IT will be necessary to raise a large fund to carry out the relief work which is to start abroad immediately. A pledge has been made by the Na- tional Headquarters Department of the Junior Red Cross for a foreign relief fund of at least $1,000,000 to be ready for use before January I, I920. Half of this amount must be available for use at National Head- quarters in Washington not later than July I, IoIQ. Dr. Livingston Farrand, Chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, who is now in Europe on matters pertaining to the work of the American Red Cross, and in connection with the movement to co-ordinate the relief and welfare activities, of the Red Cross societies of the world, will make a special study of the situations affecting the children in the different countries. Details under the general relief plan, as already announced, will be fixed upon as a result of this study, and by the surveys that are to be made by the director of the Junior Member- AºA 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Red Cross Magazine for May The thousand and one concerns of childhood, serious and playtime, crowd the pages of the May issue of the Red Cross Magazine—the chil- dren's number. There is hardly a phase of the Maytime of life that does not receive the attention of the corps of writers that is putting the new Red Cross Magazine in the very forefront of monthly literature. But this doesn’t mean the May number is merely juvenile, for it abounds with interest for the grown-up through the articles that deal with the proper rearing of children; and, further, who can forget one's childhood or ignore the bubbling youth that is all about? A few of the outstanding features: “For Our Children’s Sake” tells how the new world-wide Red Cross activity will make for the security of our children and the generations yet unborn. - “In the Matter of a Little Brown Girl-Child” is a contribution by Achmed Abdullah dealing in delight- ful fashion with the interesting pas- times of the children of the Orient. And one learns that there are times that east and west meet in brother- hood and understanding. E. S. Martin, in “Unending Life— the Greatest Question,” tells what the war has done for the spiritual by bringing to millions thoughts and hopes of the immortality of the soul. The child of today is a real citi- zen, is the proud conclusion in “The Awakening of the Children,” describ- | º ing the manly and womanly fashion in which Young America shouldered its share of the war burden. “The Motherly Soldier,” by Lieut. Coningsby Dawson, gives a new and pleasant insight into the soul of the soldiers that triumphed over the Hun, revealing the yearning of so many brave hearts, “I wish, if I go west today, I had a kid to leave be- hind me!” The story of Angelo Patri, the New York schoolmaster who has revolutionized at least the one public school under his charge, is told in “A Modern Schoolmaster,” by Leon % % % | % % Department, Rue St. Didier, Paris. derwear and towels. % THE AMERICAN RED CRoss TAUGHT THIS LITTLE FRENCH GIRL THE VALUE OF HYGIENE; NOW SHE IS GRAVELY SCRUBBING HER DOLL Fleischman. This remarkable man has made come true his vision that the school should be something more than a cold-blooded institution for the cramming into children of half- digested knowledge. American soldiers are still fighting on the frozen wastes about Arch- angel, and a letter from C. T. Wil- liams, one of the Red Cross workers there, is a vivid description of life in that forsaken country. Surgeon General Merritte W. Ire- land of the Army, and Surgeon Gen- eral Rupert Blue of the U. S. Public Health Service, contribute % jº Ž > % % z - Ø % * Thousands of dollars are saved by the operations of the A. R. C. Reconditioning This picture shows the workers remaking un- signed articles on the nurse situation. Full of rollicking comedy is Ellis Parker Butler's contribution, “Keep- ing up Grandma's Morale.” Samuel Hopkins Adams, after a tour of a reconstruction hospital, tells, in “The Miracle of Reeduca- tion,” of the marvelous work Uncle Sam is doing in making our maimed soldiers “as good as new.” In “The Right to Youth,” Con- stance Wagoner gives the history of the continuation school movement throughout the country for children who must toil and what it is accom- plishing for better citizenship. Entertaining fiction abounds in the number, among the contributions being “The Sagebrush Orchestra,' by Anne Shannon Monroe; “How the Dryads Lost Their Homes,” b Winnifred Carr ; “The Feast of Na- tions,” by Zona Gale; “Orlando Furioso,” by George Madden Martin. Among the many illustrations are reproductions in colors of four com- pelling war paintings by Soulen, and in “The March of the Red Cross” is outlined the big peace-time activities of the organization. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN To Fight Disease Invasion The foreign commissions, and other organizations of the American Red Cross, are to be utilized to aid the United States Public Health Service in preventing the introduction into the United States of epidemic disease. Close cooperation between the Red Cross, which is frequently called upon to combat contagious diseases in for- eign fields, and the Public Health Service will result in more rigorous examination at American ports of im– migrants hailing from epidemic zones abroad. - Col. Robert E. Olds, American Red Cross commissioner for Europe, has forwarded from Paris to American Red Cross commissions in various European and Asiatic countries the following instructions: “We are requested by the United States Government to make our entire organization available for the vital service of procuring and forwarding promptly, from time to time, full in- formation concerning the presence of cholera, typhus fever, plague and other grave communicable diseases wherever we may operate. “The purpose is to enable the Pub- lic Health Service to take such meas- ures as may be deemed appropriate to prevent the spread of such dis- eases to the United States. We are also asked to forward, in some way, all information available to Red Cross agents as to probable emigration from ports or areas coming under their ob- servation. “Explicit instructions should be sent out to personnel by all heads of com- missions and units. A11 information should be telegraphed to me immedi- ately on receipt. It is important that this service be rendered with the ut- most promptness and efficiency.” Will Represent Children’s Bureau Miss Lillian D. Wald, director of the Henry Street Settlement, New York City, will represent the Federal Children’s Bureau and the Red Cross Nursing Service at the medical con- ference at Cannes, preliminary to the Geneva Convention. Miss Wald was appointed by the American Red Cross in conference with Miss Julia Lathrop, director of the Federal Children’s Bureau. She is the honorary president of the Na- tional Organization for Public Health Nursing, and is also a member of the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service. Miss Wald sailed for France, March 27, to attend the conference on April 8 at Cannes, where plans for safeguarding the health of the world through the na- tional Red Cross organizations will be discussed. AMERICAN RED CROSS HOSPITAL AT ARCHANGEL Fills Post in Italy Miss Edna Foley, superintendent of the Instructive Visiting Nurse Society, Chicago, sailed for Italy on the Toi, raine, April 1, to act as chief nurse of the Red Cross Tuberculosis Unit in that country. Miss Foley, a mem- ber of the National Committee on Red Cross Nursing Service, will re- lieve Miss Mary S. Gardner, of Providence. - The French Wounded Emergency Fund, an English society working under the patronage of the French Red Cross, establishes open market places for the sale of food in the de- vastated regions where supplies are hard to get. The food is transported in the ambulances that once carried the wounded. Red Cross “Welcomes-Home” the Vogue (Continued from page 3.) celebration was in charge of the Way- cross Chapter of the Red Cross. There Was a parade, with practically the en- tire population of the county on the side lines, and a banquet, where the heroes were received by a committee of young ladies representing the al- lied nations, prior to sitting down to a feast of oyster cocktails, saltines, pickles, roast turkey, baked ham, cran- berry sauce, candied yams, creamed potatoes, rice, fruit salad, pies, coffee and biscuit. The local paper's report of the affair stated that one of the features was the rousing cheering by the boys for the American Red Cross. Home-comings will be regular func- tions for an indefinite period. The Italian Red Cross sent a com- plete hospital unit to the Macedonian Albanian front. STRETCHER CASES ARRIVING AT A. R. C. HOSPITAL, VLADIVOSTOK THE R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN IN THE GATHEDRAL'S SHADOW of the Red Cross on his collar, sat at ease before a small grate fire that was more smoky than comforting. He drew leisurely on a well-filled pipe. Shadows danced on the walls behind him. The room was still. & A tap that held a note of hesitancy fell upon the door. The man before the fire roused him- self reluctantly, blowing a cloud of heavy smoke ceilingward. “Come in,” he said in French, and turned expectantly towards the door. There stood a villager, courtesying, cap in hand, wearing garments that bore an unmistakable American stamp. Could the good American come to his home at once, and would he be so kind and bring the kind lady of the canteen with him P “Of course,” said the Red Cross man, stooping to tap his pipe on the grate, then reaching for his cap. “Come with me. We will get Miss Porter.” The two went out into the night. A MAN in khaki, with the insignia In the half-ruined cottage, under the shadow of the great cathedral, an age-old miracle has happened. A quiet figures lies on the low, rickety bed. Several small children of various ages hover about quietly as if in awe of something. There is a nurse in the room who is lighting the candles. Three people enter quietly without knocking. One of them is a woman wearing a long, dark cloak. - “Is she ill?” she asks, approaching the bed. “Yes and no, Madame,” responds the nurse, turning down a corner of the covers. The woman in the bed stirs and smiles out of her dark eyes. A familiar wail comes from the tiny bundle in her arms as the cover is drawn back. The two Americans are looking at the tiny wrinkled counte- nance of the first baby born in the city of Rheims since the return of the refugee inhabitants. Life follows quickly upon the heels of death, heed- less of cannon shock or ruined city. Victoire Catherine Boudain is a child of more than one distinction that sets her apart from the ordinary run of girl babies. She has two American god-parents: Capt. American Red Cross, and Miss Cath- erine Porter, of the Red Cross canteen at Rheims, who has bestowed her own name upon her small god-daughter, and there can never be any argument over her claim to the title of the “first § Faure, of the lady of Rheims.” Victory is symbol- ized in her name, the renaissance of the shell-raked city in her birth, and she is the seventh child of her proud parents. They say there is magic in Seven. The American Red Cross is proud and glad to have been represented upon so momentous an occasion and takes this opportunity to wish long life and happiness to Catherine Boudain, the “victory-child” of Rheims. Farewell Dinner for Col. Endicott The Prince of Wales, Lord Lans- downe, Sir Arthur Stanley, Viscount Knutsford, General Goodwin, the Earl of Bonoughmore, Evelyn Cecil, Sir William Goschen and Sir Walter Law– rence were among the distinguished personages present at a farewell din- ner given in London by the British Red Cross to Lieut. Col. William Endicott of Boston, who recently re- signed as American Red Cross com- missioner for Great Britain, a post he had filled since October, 1917. The Prince of Wales paid a fine tribute to the generosity of the Amer- ican people as expressed through their Red Cross, and said the gift to the British Red Cross in March, 1918, when things were not going very well in the field, had been especially appre- ciated. All the speakers said the gifts. from America had been enhanced by the gracious manner in which they had been conveyed by Commissioner Endicott. Colonel Endicott thanked the British Red Cross for its many kindly acts during his administration of the American Red Cross work in England. “The statesmen assembled in Paris,” said Colonel Endicott, “are dreaming dreams which, if they materialize, will cause wars to cease and Swords to be beaten into plow-shares. None of us can say at the present moment whether this dream will come true or not. But there is another dream which, in my opinion, is much more likely to come true. If the League of Red Cross Societies is formed, with its sweet and beautiful vision of service to suffering humanity, Red Cross activities must very largely increase and cover the globe as the waters cover the Sea. In this new work I am certain that the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John will play as active a part and as effective a part as they have as an emergency war organization.” The American Red Cross in Paris has organized courses in child hygiene for the training of visiting 11111’SCS. - THE CHAPEL ON THE SPREE Ns the right bank of the river Spree, 66 kilometers from Frankfort. It is not hard to locate this former prison camp, just outside the city of Berlin. The approach is not uninviting. There are Some fine Old trees and a well-made road, over which peasant carts jog in the early daylight. Over the entrance to the prison grounds there is an orna- mental arched gate, fashioned oddly out of birch trees. “Kriegsgefange- menlager,” we read above the arch— & & e - * war prison camp.” The gateway, we are told, was built by Russian pris– Oners, many hundreds of whom passed through its portals to suffer starva- tion and ill usage at the hands of their captors. - It is still enough now. There are no pacing guards, with long bayonets, beating their arms to keep warm, no slinking figures shivering across the prison campus, no guarded ranks of laborers, forced into the service of the enemy, passing through the little gate. The little chapel just inside the prison enclosure is quietest of all. It has a friendly look. There is a group of Sparrows, those feathered cosmo- polites, twittering on the doorsill, hold– ing heated argument over an edible morsel in the snow. They scatter frantically at the approach of human footsteps, carrying their discussion and the crust to the tree tops. There is a familiar symbol, still faintly red, above the doorway, a cross snow-pow- dered, “Built by the American Red Cross—1915.” - - There is an uncomfortable feeling in Our throat as we push open the door, which has been forced slightly ajar by the inquisitive river wind. For a moment the long pews seem to be tenanted again by bowed figures, Russian, Italian, Frenchman, Briton and Yank, their heads bowed in their hands, asking patience, fortitude and ultimate deliverance from the hands of their foe. - On the deserted pulpit lies a book with an inscription inside its front cover: “The gift of the American Red Cross—1915.” It is a well-thumbed book and many of its passages are marked. We close it quietly without disturbing the faded purple ribbon that runs through its pages. Quietly, too, for we do not want to make any noise in here, somehow, we pass out again into the snowy campus, pink in the sunset. Our eyes turn as if in a parting salute to the little plate above the door. Truly the Red Cross went all the way ! - 5 75 A 4- The Red Cross - Bulletin *º- vol. iii wASHINGTON, D. C., April 14, 1919 No. 16 BACK FROM SPECIAL MISSION Dr. Chapman, Returning from South America, States Important Results of R. C. Work The one big, outstanding fact in connection with the American Red Cross work in the various chapters throughout South America, says Dr. Frank M. Chapman, special American Red Cross commissioner, just back from a six months' tour of that con- tinent, is that it has been the means of bring in g to- gether the Ameri- cans resident there as a group of citi- zens, whereas they previously had been scattered units without any com- mon interest. Dr. Chapman, ac- companied by Mrs. Chapman, who has been associated with him in his special mission, ar- rived in Washing- ton last Wednes- day, and will leave for France in a few days to par- ticipate in the con- ferences looking to the international- ization of Red Cross activities on an extended scale. His personal observa- tions on the Red Cross in South America are particularly timely, and may be read with special interest in conjunction with some general and impersonal observations “From the Red Cross Watch Tower,” presented on another page of this number of THE BULLETIN. Results of the work in question, ac- cording to Dr. Chapman, have in prac- tically every instance been so note- worthy as not only to increase the respect of citizens of a common coun- try for one another, but to give them a wholly new and improved standing A SECTION in the eyes of the people of the coun- tries in which they temporarily reside. They have shown a side of the Ameri- can character which had not before been exhibited. At the same time, he states, there has been developed a fine spirit of cooperation between the mem- bers of the American Red Cross and those of the other Red Cross organi- zations – British, French, Belgium, Italian and Portuguese. Citing some particular instances of notable work by American chapters, Dr. Chapman said that in Buenos IN THE RED CROSS BUREAU OF COMMUNICATION Aires, where there are between 1,200 and 1,500 citizens of the United States, the result had been to change a scat- tered group into a compact, harmoni- ous American colony which stands for all that is best in American life, as represented by the Red Cross, and in consequence the inhabitants now are better able to picture the ideals of this country. In Peru the Americans or- ganized a series of social functions which were the means of presenting an actual physical, vivid picture of what American relief is. In Monte- video, Uruguay, the allied Red Cross organizations got up a great parade (Continued on page 2, column 3) COMMUNICATION WORK HEAVY Volume Decreases Slightly, But Bu- reau Must Maintain Service for Several Months Although five months have passed since the last American soldiers fell in battle in France, the Bureau of Communicatiºn sees no early prospect of closing its doors. When the serve ice of keeping the home front in touch with the troops overseas was started in May, 1917, no one, least of all the original six work- that January, 1919, would find a staff of 335 in Washing- ton and 400 in France quite ab- sorbed in handling thousands of cases every day. Since THE BUL– LETIN last pul lished an account. of the bureau in January, when the weekly mail ex- ce e ded 100,000 pieces, the work has n e c e s s a rily fallen off until only 200 are needed to carry on. For some weeks the so- called welfare inquiries about men on whom no casualty is reported have been referred on special blanks to the Adutant General’s Office, to be for- warded to France by courier and to be answered directly by the War Depart- ment. Thus the bureau has been re- lieved of a large volume of such rº quests, which frequently totalled 10, 000 a week. But the replies to such inquiries originally sent from the bu- reau are still coming back from France by the thousands and must be sent to the families in so many personal letters. - Then, naturally, every day come hundreds of pleas for those details of nº-º - º -- º ers, ever imagined T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN death which are increasingly difficult to ascertain. In March there were 80,000 American soldiers in hospitals overseas. Of these, 15,000 were still suffering from wounds received in ac- tion, and the condition of many had to be reported. Information about thou- sands suffering from disease also must be sent to anxious families. Add to all these duties the correspondence about the graves overseas, and the compli- cated reports about men still missing, and one can hardly wonder that the communication service demands a large staff. Nor does the responsibility of the bureau cease when the doughboy re- turns. It undertakes to keep up to date and to answer questions about re- turned units and priority sailings. It maintains a card file of all returned wounded, with record of all transfers from hospital to hospital. Another function of the bureau, which is just beginning, involves the elaborate plan of sending out with an engraved testimonial in a hand-colored folder the photograph of the grave of over 50,000 American soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice. This work, embodying the last reverent tribute of the Red Cross to brave men and their loved ones, cannot be finished before October. Such a résume can give only the faintest picture of the whole operation of the bureau. One must see with his own eyes the incoming letter, often hard to discipher, from R. F. D. No. 2, going to the casualty files with 400,000 cards for notation; then to other files for previous correspondence. One must see its inquiry then being ac- knowledged and the substance of the inquiry drafted on a card and sent to Paris. We must travel with that card or that letter or that cable message and see it arrive in the Paris office of the bureau, where it is recorded once more and sent to the division searcher or the hospital visitor. We must go with the division searcher to company headquarters, and ask Jim's sergeant or lieutenant how Jim died; or we may merely call Jim in and tell him to write home to his anxious mother. We must go with the hospital searcher to John's bedside and find out just how he's getting along. Then we must see these re- ports coming back through the Paris office to Washington, checked up care- fully and sent out in a personal letter. And, at last, we must see that letter with the eyes of mother or wife and know the relief from uncertainty, whether the news be good or bad, be- fore we can understand the signifi- cance of this communication service. It will never be realized how essen- A. R. C. DISINFECTING STATION FOR SERBIAN REFU GEES AT USKUB tial a support to the Government, how invaluable to the morale of a nation at war, has been this service. Certainly nowhere except in the huge, sacred guarded correspondence files of this bureau can be found such a record of the sorrow and joy of America in war time. Much of interest might be said of the hastily recruited and hurriedly trained personnel. Suffice to say here that no less than seven have just sailed to help the work in France. Some of the most valued members of the force have had to resign on account of other obligations. Among these are the two men who are largely responsible for the success of the bureau. W. R. Castle, the founder and notably com- petent director since May, 1917, has assumed new duties in the State De- partment, but very fortunately is able to remain head of the bureau and fur- nish counsel out of his unusually wide experience. W. S. Innis, another full- time volunteer, who for ten months was most efficient as head of the cable and telegraph department, has found it necessary to return to his business. Dr. Paul Kaufman, formerly of the Yale faculty, is acting director, as- sisted by Gorham Brooks, recently of the New England Division office. Mr. Wadsworth Joins Conference Eliot Wadsworth of Boston, mem- ber of the executive committee of the American Red Cross, sailed last Wed- nesday on the steamship Noordam for France, where he will join the Cannes conference of Red Cross representa- tives of the five great powers which is shaping the program for a world- wide extension of Red Cross activities. Back from Special Mission (Continued from page 1) just before the armistice was signed, and in a week's drive raised $575,000, which was divided among the Red Cross societies of the countries rep- resented. This exploit is to be fol- lowed soon by a bazaar under the aus- pices of the American and British Red Cross, half of the proceeds to be given to local charities and the other half to go to the Red Cross. Dr. Chapman believes that the allied Red Cross in South America has had a marked effect in removing much of the bitterness prevailing among the foreign representatives of different na- tions, striving for trade advantages, and that the new spirit that is being developed reflects the possibilities of still greater fellowship throughout the world as a whole through Red Cross instrumentality. Rev. H. N. Woo has the honor of being the oldest living Chinese mem- ber of the American Red Cross. Rev. Woo, of Shanghai, who is now eighty-four years old, was educated in the United States, and fought as a private in the Civil War on the Northern side. His experience as a soldier gained Mr. Woo his first ap- preciation of Red Cross work. When the Shanghai Chapter was organized, Mr. Woo took out a life membership, stating that it was one of the happiest moments of his life to thus become actively associated in American Red Cross work in China. Mr. Woo is still hale and hearty, and preaches in a native church in Shanghai every Sunday. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN SOME SIBERIAN RELIEF FACTS Paragraphs and Figures That Tell of Wide Extent and Scope of the Red Cross Activities American Red Cross activities in Siberia extend from Vladivostok to Ekaterinburg, 4,126 miles, and to Chelyabinsk, 4,100 miles. Omsk, the western main depot, is 3,570 miles from Vladivostok. North from Vladi- vostok, the Red Cross field extends to Habrovsk, 600 miles. Only the thread of railroad and uncertain telegraph system connect these points. Red Cross supplies for western Siberia traverse nearly half the cir- cumference of the globe. Principal activities of the Red Cross in Siberia to December 31, 1918, in- cluded the equipment of the following hospitals: St. Luke's Military Base Hospital, Tokio, 100 beds; Russian Island Hos- pital, Vladivostok, 250 beds; Vladivos- tok Refugee Hospital, 250 beds; Ni- kolsk Hospital, Eastern Siberia, 250 beds; surgical pavilion, Harbin Mili- tary Hospital, Manchuria, 80 beds; Buchedu Tubercular Hospital, Man- churia, 80 beds; assistance to Fort- ress (Russian) Hospital, Vladivostok, 300 beds; assistance to Naval (Rus- sian) Hospital, Vladivostok, 500 beds; Omsk Hospital, Western Siberia, 500 beds; Tumen Hospital, Western Si- beria, 350 beds; equipment and sup- plies for Czech Invalid Hospital, sent from Vladivostok to Petropavlosk, 500 beds, distance 3,988 miles; anti-typhus disinfecting and bath station, Ekate- rinburg, capacity 3,000 soldiers and civilians a day; dental clinic, staff of three, Ekaterinburg; dental clinic, staff of five, Chelyabinsk; Petropov- losk Anti-Typhus Hospital, Western Siberia, 400 beds; and Omsk anti- typhus station, 150 beds. Five relief trains were sent out to Middle and Western Siberia carrying relief and medical supplies valued at $450,000. A hospital train of twelve cars was sent to supply the Czecho-Slovak forces. - A complete anti-typhus train was built and supplied by the American Red Cross for the Allied Expedition- ary Forces. Supplies of hospital equipment, surg- ical dressings, drugs and instruments were sent to the Russian and Czech hospitals at Tumen, Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Taigar, Omsk, Nikolsk and Vladivostok. Relief for civilians was carried out on a large scale. Refugees were cared for at Vladivostok during the winter through two large sets of barracks re- fitted for living quarters; food and clothing distribution, medical attend- ance, employment, launching of small industries and schools for children. One thousand and twenty-five Ser- bian refugees were cared for on rail- % % s º | | º | | % º º º % MA.J. KENDALL EMERSON, U. S. MEDICAL CORPS In Siberian uniform of sheepskin and fur. º | | - - %. way cars at Vladivostok, and 613 were sent home by transport. Relief sub- stations were maintained in the city of Vladivostok, including a free clinic. Refugee children were cared for in seven groups at Erbit, Tumen, Taigar, Petropovlosk, Ufa, Irkutsk and Ut- skaya-stanitso. The American forces were supplied with the many comforts customary for the Red Cross to distribute, such as sweaters, socks, caps, chocolate and cigarettes. The distribution among the Russian and Czech forces consisted of 120,000 sweaters, 150,000 boots, 200,000 pair socks, 100,000 shirts, 100,000 pajamas, 10,000 sheepskin coats, caps and gloves. At the main supply point, Vladivos- tok, there are nine warehouses; sani- tary trains were operated out of Vladivostok. A Long Relief Train (Associated Press Cablegram) Warsaw, April 4.—A train consist- ing of sixty cars, the longest ever sent out of Warsaw, left today with $2,- 000,000 worth of relief supplies. Aboard the train were fifty physicians and a number of nurses and sanitary workers from the American and Polish Red Cross Societies destined for the vast territory east of the river Bug, where there is great suffering and des- titution due to hunger and the preva- lence of typhus. | | ºu. % MA.J. GEO. W. SIMMONS, SPECIAL A. R. C. COMMISSIONER, AND AMERICAN WORKERS AT' VLADIVOSTOK Left to right—Capt. Chas. McDonald, Maj. Harry D. Moore, Major Simmons, Maj. Kendall Emerson, Capt. Roy McFarlan. 4. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISI: II: 9. WºRLY EY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSSBUILDING WASHINGTON, D.C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-chass mail matter at the Post Office at Washington. BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow WILson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAF'r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Ronrnt W. Dr. Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John Szzu.ton WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALExandra KING... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livinos ron FARRAND. Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-Chairman FREDErick C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., APRIL 14, 1916 The Relief Situation With distress distributed over such vast areas abroad, it is hardly possible to locate any relief field that is of first importance among the many. Ameri- can Red Cross activities now have been extended to all the liberated countries; and one field of action is substantially as important as any other, for the suf- fering everywhere has been pictured as baffling the imagination. Humani- tarian effort has no degrees of relative consequence on sectional or territorial lines when the needs in so many places are about as great as they possi- bly could be. France, at one time, was the most important field for American Red Cross work, with respect to relief for the French people as well as in con- nection with our army. This was due, first, to the fact that the major fighting of the war took place on French soil, making the terrible by-products of war most terrible there; and, second, be- cause many other countries were not fully accessible to outside relief while the war was raging. Latterly it has been a question of how to make re- sources meet the conditions as the various countries have been opened to Red Cross workers. But the problem—problems, rather —are being worked out with all possi- ble speed. Quick action has followed the arrival of Red Cross commissions in places remote from the European base. The work, not long ago centered in France, Belgium and Italy, has spread out until the active commissions reach from the Atlantic coast of Eu- rope to the Pacific coast of Siberia. If THE BULLETIN reader will just take his Atlas and trace the Red Cross ac- tivities geographically in conjunction with the reports collated in this num- ber it will afford an interesting study, possibly leading to a keener apprecia- tion of the tremendous extent of the humanitarian obligations that must be and are being fulfilled. The reports tell of an imposing series of activities in Greece, a country from which details heretofore have been lacking, and of the very many re- lief measures that are in operation in far-off Siberia. In Poland actual down- to-business relief work has begun with full energy, although the special mis- sion sent there has hardly had time to complete a survey of the situation. The longest train that ever was sent from the City of Warsaw—sixty cars—was an American Red Cross train that left ten days ago with a cargo of $2,000,000 worth of relief supplies. And these are only a few of the countries where re- lief is now being speeded in keeping with the pressing demands. Careful surveys by experts best qualified to judge indicate that the re- lief needs will continue great for a long time to come. American Nurses Honored Ten American Army nurses have been awarded the Medaille d’Honneur des Epidemics by the French Govern- ment, according to word that has just reached national Red Cross headquar- ters. The presentation ceremony took place at A. R. C. Military Hospital No. 112, Auteuil, in the presence of a distinguished gathering, twenty-three officers of the American Medical Corps and seven enlisted men of the Army receiving the decoration at the same time. - . The nurses honored by France are: Bessie Mae Warwick, McDonald, Pa.; Rose A. Cassidy, Brandywine Summit, Pa.; Karen M. Lauridsen, Astoria, Ore. ; Agnes W. Reid, La Crosse, Wis.; Pearl Worley, East Greenville, O.; Edith L. Hadsall, New Rochelle, N. Y.; Lillian E. Radcliffe, Montreal, Can. ; Esther V. Hasson, Washington, D. C.; Myrtle Brondel, address not given; Mary C. Cavin, ad- dress not given. Red Cross Ties In the spring Red Cross fancy turns lightly to thoughts of helpfulness. Likewise in the summer, fall and W111ter. . Forty reconstruction hospitals are doing work in turning disabled Amer- ican fighting men into properly trained and equipped civilians. The American Red Cross is doing its part by provid- ing the soldiers with wholesome en- tertainment and diversion during the rehabilitation process. Ninety-two American Red Cross hospital huts, with a total personnel of 274, were in operation in France at the beginning of the year. Most of the huts have stages and scenery, in addition to pianos, victrolas and games of all sorts. Special foods and sweets are also to be had at these sunshine stations. Ask your favorite overseas doughboy what he thinks of the huts. Ten to one he'll launch a praise bar- rage that will leave you dizzy. One of the most famous of the American Red Cross hospitals in France was located on the race track at Auteuil. Thousands of wounded American soldiers were treated there. Watching these heroes and the sur- geons and nurses one day a visitor said: - “This noted old track never held as many thoroughbreds as it does now.” Maj. Robert C. Denison, formerly pastor of the United Congregational Church at New Haven; Maj. John W. Frothingham of Brooklyn, and the other members of the Red Cross Serb- ian mission are doing splendid work in that country. Parisians are rubbing their eyes to make sure that the big hotel recently built by the salvage section of the American Red Cross for visiting American doughboys is an honest and truly reality. Although it can house 1,200 and feed 1,600 enlisted men, only eight days were required to plant it on the Champs de Mars. This speed stunned the natives. They are shrug- ging their shoulders out of place in an effort to understand it. Many of them now refer to the Americans as ma- gicians. A California man, Capt. C. Ross Corbin, was in charge of the job. Red Cross workers returning from the Archangel front report that the 5,000 American soldiers on duty at the top of the world are in splendid condition. - T & T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN From the Red Cross Watch Tower A SO. Tº AMERICA is developing the Red Cross spirit to a very marked degree. We have pleasant recollections of the great service ren- dered by Chapters of the American Red Cross there following the en- trance of the United States in the world war, both in the matter of con- tributions to the war funds and in the furnishing of supplies for military relief work. The natives, apparently, have been affected by the enthusiasm of the members of our own Red Cross in their Chapter activities, for the reports that are coming in indicate wide interest in the plans for exten- sion of humanitarian endeavor in time of peace. - Several months ago Dr. Frank M. Chapman, who had been prominent in the development of the Fourteenth (Insular and Foreign) Division of the American Red Cross, was sent to South America by the War Council as a special commissioner to strength- en the interest of citizens of this country, temporarily residing there, in the Red Cross work and to culti- vate a closer understanding between the Red Cross society of the United States and the societies of our south- ern neighbors. His mission has been attended with much success, in con- nection with both objectives. :k :}; :k R. CHAPMAN, who knows his South America not only as a student of its affairs but by reason of many years of personal contact with the people, speaks Spanish fluently, and has been making addresses to the inhabitants at the capitals and larger cities in their own language. As a result, South America now pos- sesses knowledge of the work of the American Red Cross during the war comparable with the knowledge which we ourselves have of the organ- ization and its activities. The leading newspapers of the countries visited by Dr. Chapman have devoted gen- erous space to reports of his lectures, and, in addition to special interviews, have printed exhaustive details of the whole Red Cross movement from its inception. A pleasant duty of the American Red Cross special commissioner has been that of conveying to the people of South American countries the gratitude of the American Red Cross for the aid they sent to the United States for the wounded in the war and for refugees and suffering peoples of other lands to whom relief has been extended. It has been a great educa- tion to the natives of old Spanish America to have the great works of the American Red Cross given to them in painstaking detail and be brought to a realization of the part they have helped to play in the relief of suffering through their contribu- tions to the active agency. :k :k :k - IT will be recalled that not very long ago South America was a prolific field of German propaganda opera- tions. Some of the propaganda effort effected some damage, but the greater ultimate effect—the almost inevitable consequence of that particular sort of intrigue—was a reaction that boded no good to the former dreamers of world domination. South America now appears to be unfallow ground for the sowing of seed of the sort with which Germany would have liked to plant throughout the world, but it is fertile territory for the cultivation of new world-fellowship—or idealism, if you will have it so—which the spread- ing Red Cross spirit is helping to make practical. - South America may be counted on to take a foremost part in the new great Red Cross movement when the plans are unfolded through the Inter- national Convention soon to be held at Geneva, Switzerland. It under- stands from experience what human- ity means between different lands and different peoples, for in time of dis- aster—especially in time of the earth- quakes which are the terror of some of the countries of the continent joined to our own—the relief rushed by the American Red Cross has been limited only by the needs of the emer- gency. It is inevitable that this aid in time of disaster should lead to sympathy with the program of mak- ing the whole world better and hap- pier. - - . :: :: :k THE Red Cross tends to strengthen ties of friendship between peoples. It follows that the work already ac- complished in the matter of bringing about a closer relationship between the Red Cross organizations of North and South America will be of marked benefit in cementing still further the ties that should bind the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere; and that the Red Cross organizations of our neighbors will feel the incentive to join the United States in pushing the idea of universal humanitarianism. America has led the world in giving force to the Red Cross spirit; and in the near future, when we speak of the American Spirit the term will be broadened to include the spirit not of a single country but the continents that compose the new world. - And when this spirit dominates the whole world it will be universally wel- Comed; not feared as that other domi- nation from which civilization has saved itself. It will live and survive because it means humanity—not self- ishness nor ambition for power; only the greatest good for all and so the greater happiness for every country concerned. The way to a permanent good-fellowship is being paved through the relief work that is being carried on in many distressed coun- tries, and when this emergency has been fully met there will follow the task of putting into operation mea- sures for the prevention of misery and disease to the limit of possibility. :k >k :k - - HE relief tasks that are immedi- ately in hand are tremendous, but, aside from the pure humanitarianism of the hour, every dollar of the im- mense sums that are being expended in order to complete them is a sound investment. The investment will be realized on not only by future genera- tions but by the present, for the whole world would suffer more than it has already from the war if the distress that has followed in the wake of con- flict was not eased, and helpless hun- dreds of thousands of people restored to conditions that will enable them to resume their normal life. - Resources of the American Red Cross have been heavily taxed since the signing of the armistice to carry. On relief work that was not seen in all its magnitude when the war came to an end. The Old World needs the aid that has been made possible by the American spirit—it must have the sympathy and support of the whole New World, which was saved from its own fate, until the equilibrium of things has been re-established. Amer- ican Red Cross missions are located now in every country where the enemy has brought misery, and the work which they have to perform is looming larger and larger as the situ- ations are brought under closer sur- vey. The work must continue until the need no longer exists. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN RED CROSS SOCIETIES OF MANY LANDS Something About the Organizations Which Are Soon to Join Forces for Greater Relief Effort and Disease Prevention Preliminaries are now well under way in connection with the movement to coordinate the activities of the Red Cross societies of the world and ex- tend their operations so as to afford the maximum of relief to afflicted mankind and reduce the ravages of disease to the minimum. This page presents the lead- - ers of the Red Cross organiza- tions which are taking the initia- tive in the plans for the forth- coming Interna- tional Conven- tion at Geneva, and there fol- lows, in brief S// outline, pertinent Apthay/ - Sta/7/ey facts regarding - - - - Ares/d/e/7% the societies of AE//t/s/. some of the prin /Peo Cao ; ; cipal countries. The Interna- tional Committee of the Red Cross at Geneva–the parent of the Red Cross socie- ties of the world —is the organi- zation through which the vari- ous Red Cross bodies will be kept apprized of important devel- opments and dis- coveries. A per- * zation, including a staff of the world’s recog- nized health ex- perts, is to be maintained at Geneva, follow- ing the World Congress. The Interna- tional Committee of the Red Cross of Geneva was //~//y AE AE2 v/so/v 24/77 ey'ſ cer, Apeo/ Czoss manent organi- º G/zºº/22 //ºscº/2 ^es/o/e7& /3/37%& Cºss Jºzazese Azaz, Cao gº single protest was made by belligerent or neutral, testifies to the high char- acter of the International Commit- tee's work. Gustav Ador, President of Switzerland, has been at the head of the committee and one of its most enthusiastic workers for a great many years. war, the Red Cross societies of other countries have accorded leadership in the world movement to the organiza- tion from the United States. The selection of Mr. Davison to head the committee at Cannes was graceful recognition of the preeminence of the American Red Cross in relief work. Foremost among the Red Cross or- ganizations of the world is that of Japan, with more than 1,500,000 members. The latter enroll for ten years and pay a m in 1 m u_m of about $1.50 a year dues. Its activities are di- rected by a Cen- tral Committee, with headquar- ters in Tokio. From the date of its organiza- tion in 1864, the Ge/7e/3/ º It a 1 i a n R ed /2/, . £ Cross has been .." on e o f the Areo, Crosy world’s most im– portant relief a gencies. A membership of 30,000 before the w or 1 d conflict grew to about 300,000 by the end of 1918. The organization op- erates through twenty-five coun- selors and a del- egate from each | of the govern- Wood/ºovy V///sor /*es/o/e/7t. Amer/c2/7 Aºecy Cyroºs 52/"on 722/2/noy’ſ Zs/, /g/ro A-2/~es/ <> <> HAT branch of Home Service work which pertains to the look- ing up of Soldiers and sailors for anxious relatives, wherever they may be in the widely extended lines of Uncle Sam's millions on land and sea, is replete with “human interest” epi- sodes. Not long ago a dear old lady called on the Home Service secretary of the Etawah County (Alabama) Chapter of the Red Cross and said she would like to send a letter to her wº sº known as Rear Ad- miral William Caper- i ton, received the let- ter in Brazil, where he was being enter- tained by the presi- dent of the republic; and there he answered 1t. & | © & © º T ERMONDE, or “Dendermonde” in Flemish, one-time city of 10,000 indus- trious Belgians, pic- turesquely situated at the junction of the | river Sch e1 d t, the great water highway - of the lowlands, and the river Dender, lay in the path of the German army in 1914. It is but a few miles east of Ghent, and being a fortified town fell a victim to the German howitzers that were no less merciful there than they were at Lou- vain and Liege. - The Belgians are going back, but there is much reconstruction work to be done. Factories have been dis- mantled, railroad lines torn up after the German fashion, but the rebuild- ing of the homes is the first essential. The American Red Cross has given 50,000 francs ($10,000) to the mu- nicipality for the erection of small wooden cottages, many of which will probably be of the American type of portable house, for the accommoda- tion of returning inhabitants. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ON THE ROAD TO WARSAW. Letters received from members of the American Red Cross Commission for Poland, despatched just after the relief workers arrived at their base of operations at Warsaw, contain many interesting jottings from note books marking the long journey from Paris. The commission was forced to make stops at Berne and Geneva, Switzer- land, and at Vienna, among other places, on the road to its destination. Some observations of affairs and con- ditions at these stopping points are ap- pended for the information of Red Cross folk at home. At Berne one of the most interest- ing places visited was the Bellevue Palace Hotel. Here friend and foe eat in the same dining room, but now, as in the days of the war, they do not speak. They include Americans, Eng- lish, French, Germans, Austrians, Turks, Bulgarians, Russians and Poles. In fact, diplomatic agents from all the countries of the world were found in this international hotel. None ap- peared in uniform. This privilege, however, was granted to the Ameri- can Red Cross party, and with the exception of the uniformed prisoners of war who passed through Switzer- land it was the first time that the American uniform had been seen On the streets of Berne. One of the things pointed out to the Americans was the imaginary “dead line” in the dining room of the Bellevue, below which representatives of the allied governments never passed. German, Austrian, Turkish and Bul- garian diplomats and their agents all sat at tables below the “dead line,” and the representatives of the Allies all sat above it. Dring the visit of the Red Cross party the only saluting was between the American and Swiss officers. - - The Swiss told the Americans that the line of demarcation extended to the smoking room and to the elevator. In the latter case, if a diplomat or rep- resentative of the Central Powers en- tered the elevator the allied represen- tative there would at once get out. The whole atmosphere of the place was one of suspicion and distrust, and there was very little loud conversation. This is true of the Bellevue and the whole of Berne even today. It is the same international meeting place as in the days of the war. There is very little relaxation from the tense mo– ments not so far back. In fact the restrictions placed upon travel through Switzerland have not been relaxed since the great powers went into bat- tle four years ago. - The war has been very disastrous º -- for the Swiss, who not only lost their chief source of subsistence—the tour- ist traffic—but who have been forced to maintain an army on a war, footing at an enormous expense. The ma- jority of the hotels are still closed, and their owners do not expect to greet their pre-war guests before the sum- mer of 1920. At Geneva one of the largest card indexes in the world was inspected. It was that of the Central Prisoners of War Committee of the American Red Cross, and it contained the names of several million prisoners of war of all the belligerent countries and their relatives all over the world. It was (Continued on page 8) Pictures of “Adopted” war orphans Soldier Daddies and Others Who Have Contracted for the Care of French Waifs Being Supplied with Likenesses | | | * % | | % WAR ORPHANS ADOPTED BY AMERICAN “DADDIES” Susanne Manifel and Amelie Ledieu, protegees, respectively, of convalescent officers of A. R. C. Home at Vatan and patients of A. R. C. Military Hospital No. 2, A. E. F. Photographs of French war or- phans “adopted” by groups of Amer- ican soldiers and others, through the American Red Cross, are arriving at national headquarters and are being distributed throughout the country for publication in the locality from which their foster daddies came. The pic- tures are most appealing, revealing unmistakably, in many cases, the new interest in life taken by these waifs through the warm glow of gratitude that came to them when they realized there was someone somewhere who cared for them, and would help them in the battle for existence. About 3,500 little French boys and girls whose parents had been killed, or because of the war were unable to take care of them, have been taken as wards of Americans through the campaign conducted jointly by the A. E. F. news- paper, Stars and Stripes, and the American Red Cross. Under the plan the group adopting a child contributes 500 francs (about $100) to support the little one each year. The Red Cross maintains a special organization to carry on the work, selecting the children according to the desires of those adopting them and supervising their care and educa- t1On. The soldiers and others who have thus manifested their desire to help the innocent victims of the war are not relaxing their interest with their re- T EI*E. R. E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 turn from France, for, through the Red Cross, they are maintaining corre- spondence with the children and send- ing them toys and other trinkets as tokens that their new-found friends are not forgetting them. Typical of the spirit actuating those who have befriended the orphans, is that revealed in the letter of an Amer- ican aero squadron offering to adopt some helpless child: N - -§-§ | N When the American Red Cross was called into Siberia in the summer of 1917, a unit of Japanese doctors and nurses from Tokyo was first to reach Vladivostok and enter Red Cross service there. The doctors and nurses were from St. Luke's Hospital, of the Episcopal Mission Church. St. Luke's Hospital was designated as the first base hos- pital for the Red Cross in Siberia, and thus became the first base hospital of the Fourteenth Division, American Red Cross. Dr. Rudolph B. Teusler, superin- tendent of the hospital, was named Red Cross commissioner to Siberia with the rank of lieutenant colonel and it has been under his energetic leader- ship that the Red Cross has carried on its great program of relief work in that country. The United States sent the Red Cross to Siberia to provide hospital and medical facilities for the Czech Army, which was then the military organization combatting the Bolsheviks and representing the allied “Please adopt for us,” read the ap- plication, “some child that your com- mittee thinks will not be chosen by anyone else. If possible pick out a little girl, as all of us realize that a gir has more to contend with in 11 fe than a boy, and if the little lady has no name, please call her Miss Aero Co- lumbia. If there are any more little orphans for whom you cannot find a home, let us know, and we will encore.” JAPANESE NURSES WITH A. R. C. IN SIBERIA § N N world in military operations. The Czechs were without hospitals, and, when the fighting included Vladivos- tok, it was the medical staff of the U. S. cruiser Brooklyn, then in Vladi- vostok harbor, which fitted from its own hospital a temporary hospital in a waterfront warehouse. Later Dr. J. E. Gill, fleet surgeon and senior surgeon of the Brooklyn, organized the Russian Island hospital, on Russian Island, near Vladivostok. Japanese doctors and nurses from St. Luke’s were installed and served from late in July until the middle of De- cember. By that time American doc- tors and nurses had arrived from the medical missions of China and taken charge at Russian Island. The Japanese nurses whose photo is shown here with were trained in St. Luke's and performed efficiently in caring for the Czech wounded and invalids. They constitute the nurses' unit which gave first service in the first American Red Cross hospital in Siberia. PLAY'S THE THING Play is doing its part in the recon- struction that always follows war. It is one of the chief agents in the cure of the wounded fighting men—play that restores suppleness to staff mus- cles; play that awakes thought and intellect in minds dulled by shell shock; play that bids the red corpuscles race as they have never done before, bring- ing the glow of health to wan cheeks and the light of youth and vigor to yOting eyes. The Red Cross is in charge of ath- letics and diversion in most of the hos- pitals. Down at Camp Pike, Ark., there is a case of shell shock that has yielded readily to the curative power of play. The patient was a profes- sional ball player. He came back from France badly wounded and suffering from that peculiar mental affection that follows days lived under the screaming shells, the incessant pound- ing of heavy guns, and has been called “shell shock.” It was a new thing four years ago and baffled the army physicians; but doctors have learned a lot in the last four years. - One day, after the wounds of the Camp Pike patient had healed and his body and limbs were once more strong and whole, a Red Cross man placed a ball, an “indoor baseball,” in his hands. The man held it indiffer. ently, looking at it with unknowing eyes. He passed it from one hand to the other, not knowing what to do. The Red Cross man stood by. Then suddenly, a light broke on the soldier's face; his eyes danced and his body and limbs flung themselves into an old. time attitude and the ball went sailing through the air on its wonted curve. The miracle had worked. The instru- ment of the game had touched a smol- dering spark of memory and had re- kindled the flame of his intellect. From that day the patient improved. He was discharged cured not long ago. There is another similarly interest- ing case, that of a young colored sol- dier, paralyzed on one side. He runs the bases on one foot and plays with one hand. There is no more enthusi- astic player on the cripple's team. Play has done more to raise the morale of the disabled men than any other one thing. The Red Cross man in charge of the work is busy twelve hours a day keep- ing the men going, even the bed pa- tients, who use exercisers attached to the foot of their beds. Such efforts create good-fellowship among the pa. tients as well as hastening the healing of their wounds, and spell “morale.” in capital letters in the life of the hospital. - - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN A VISIT TO “THE MOURNING ISLAND” (Translated from the French for THE RED CRoss BULLETIN) CHIos, Mar. 10, 1919. Walking through the classic streets of this Oriental abode, one may almost imagine that he has suddenly been transported to some mystic realm of long ago. He can almost fancy that he hears the patter of Ariadne's bare feet on the pavement behind him, and finds himself watching for Melisande to appear on one of the little balconies overhanging the street and cast her- self into the arms of her waiting lover. In fact, the place is so per- meated by the atmosphere of ancient legends, that it is almost impossible for one to realize that he is in the midst of thousands of Greek refugees, wasted by disease, hunger and desti- tution, and waiting upon the mercy and help of the Red Cross for their relief. The quaint place presents a picture that would charm the traveler at any other time; its romantic gardens filled with the delicate perfume of almond blossoms; its shops of fragrant mastic, so dear to the Sultans of old; the lit- tle museum with its odd collection of antique carvings. Here and there one finds a tiny café, where a villager is dancing alone with no other accom- paniment than the strumming of gui- tars, and in the distance, under the glittering stars, one hears the musi- cians singing the “Mane” and the “Hymne Venizelos,” whose chorus is taken up by all the listeners. The scene is suddenly changed when the traveler passes into the refugee quarter, in the heart of the old Genoese citadel over which the Justinians once ruled. The place is a tangle of ill- smelling, narrow streets, flanked by wretched huts which were formerly inhabited by the Turks before their departure following the Balkan War. The deserted mosque of the quarter has been turned into a soup kitchen for the refugees, and there they stand, a long line of sad faces, the eyes of many of them turned wistfully toward their absent home, which is plainly visible on the other side of the strait. The greedy Turks have pillaged every- thing there, and even now that the war is over, military occupation would not guarantee the future safety of these unfortunate people, nor would even the lifting of the blockade afford them sufficient food. So here they wait re- signed and pitiful, with nothing left them but their daily food given them by the Red Cross, and hope for future deliverance made possible by a world peace. In a vast place which was formerly a Mohammedan school, the orthodox priests of the different persecuted vil- lages of the coast of Asia have set up a joint temple. It is a touching scene, this great room with its iconastase of white wood, on which are hung the icons saved from the disaster. The faithful of the various churches have rescued their most sacred pictures; spaces have been reserved for them here and there along the walls, and each community groups itself about its sacred image. This improvised tem- ple, the refuge of the remnants of the churches, in the midst of a quarter of filthy Turkish hovels, stands as a sym- bol that these unfortunates have saved their ideals and their faith, and are keeping them in spite of all hardships. One last picture from this scene of sadness and misery—standing on the upper deck of the vessel which is to take him away from the Mouring Island, the traveler watches the men going to and fro, unloading the 6,000 sacks of wheat and rice sent by the Red Cross for the relief of the refu- gees. Here and there are poor women, surrounded by their little children, picking out from the cracks in the stones of the quay, the grains of wheat and rice escaped from the sacks—just as prospectors gather their golden nug- gets from the mountain torrents. Thus the traveler leaves this Orien- tal abode shadowed by a heavy sad- ness, the sadness of a whole people banished from its home by a criminal policy to which Germany has given her sanction and her counsel. On the Road to Warsaw (Continued from page 6) presided over by 100 Swiss girls who were very expert in finding names in the shortest possible time. The card referred to folders which gave the history of the prisoner. \ Vienna looked tired to the Ameri- can travelers. The people were list- less and apathetic. Their old sparkle and gaiety is gone. They seem to await their destiny meekly and humbly. They accept the high cost of every- thing in the same way. Those who can afford it pay $10 for a very meager dinner in restaurants and cafes world- famous before the war “ , bill of fare does not attract many. A restaurant famous for its cuisine is that where Minister Sturich was killed by Dr. Adler during the war. On a beautiful evening there were ten diners there. At another famous hotel seven persons were counted at the tables. The shortage of coal has deprived the pleasure-loving Viennese of their usual amusement two nights a week. The theaters cater for large audiences, but only a small proportion of them are well dressed. Lack of fuel also causes a suspension of street car serv- ice at 8 o’clock. Cafes and restau- rants close at 9.30. While there are scores of closed shops on every street the tobacconist has been hit hardest and has almost completely gone out of business. They still issue tobacco tickets which en- title the holder to six cigars a week, or five cigars and six cigarettes a week. But both of these are of the poorest quality and seldom procur- able. A cigar which cost 2 or 3 cents before the war now costs 35 cents. Tobacco, food and coal queues are seen on every hand. The coal ration is forty pounds a week. The American colony in Vienna numbers about 250, and many of these were found to be in sore straits. This does not include a handful of Ameri- can army and naval officers and en- listed men who are there with the American section of the inter-allied mission, sent from the peace confer- ence in Paris. The colony is made up of Americans who have business in- terests there and of the wives of Aus- trians. None of the Americans have been interned during the war. Just now, they are suffering with all the rest of the people from lack of nour- ishing food. A short stop was made at Artstet- ten, and its church with the white tower, in which lies buried the Crown Prince Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, whose murder at Sarajevo precipi- tated the world war in 1914, was viewed. The little village nestles at the foot of mountains on the side of the Danube, opposite the railway line, but for the benefit of the Red Cross party the Austrian engineer stopped the train five minutes at Pochlarn, from which they obtained an excel- lent view of Artstetten and were car- ried back in spirit to the dramatic days associated with its noted personage. * PARIS HOTEL TAKEN OVER BY A. R. C. AS AN AMERICAN OFFICERS' HOTEL AND CLUB W 15. The Red Cross Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 5, 1919 . Bºuletin No. 19 MILLIONS IN HEALTH CRUSADE Members of Junior Red Cross Enlist All Over Country to Carry on the New Chivalry School children to the number of three million have qualified as cru- saders in the health campaign con- ducted jointly by the Junior Red Cross and the National Tuberculosis Association. Reports from state lead- ers, in all sections, indicate not only that this huge number of young soldiers against disease have met the enlistment re- quirement of health chores, but that a 1 a rge proportion are a d v a n cing through unremitted chores to knightly rank in he alth chivalry. The nation a 1 tournament now in progress has stim- § ulated enlistment. Both teachers and upils amphlet- - Dup11S, Damp eered with Junior Red Cross “Common Sense in Health” and with “Field of the Cloth of Gold,” were eager to enter their classes as jousters, striving for the victors' pennants. The awards will be made after May 24, the close of the tournament. J. W. Studebaker, national direc- tor of Junior Membership, has re- ceived a letter from C. M. De Forest, crusader executive for the National Tuberculosis Association, expressing appreciation for the cooperation of § the Junior Red Cross in each division. “The selection of the Modern Health Crusade as, in part, the health pro- gram of the junior Red Cross, has been of very great assistance to the the movement,” writes Mr. De Forest; “without the service of junior work- ers and the financial aid by chapter school committees, the work in many communities where it is now flourish- ing would not yet be started.” The governors of Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota have commended the health crusade to the schools by proc- lamation or letter. President M. L. Burton, of the University of Minne- sota, and President N. N. Mac- Cracken, of Vassar, have endorsed § ARM ENIAN REFU GEES AS THEY TRAVEL Hº Y the movement in open letters. The experiences of children, pa- rents and teachers afford “human interest” endorsements. A mother reports regarding the crusade system of health chores: “My boy used to fight if he had to wash, but now he would fight if he was not al- lowed to.” A school superintendent writes: “I wish I had been informed of this campaign long ago, so that I might have stocked up with tooth The de- mand for these articles is now so many brushes, soap and nail files. heavy that I would be a wealthy man. had I been given a tip in time.” RAIL C0-0PERATION WAY TO HEALTH Conference at Cannes Sees Success of Red Cross Plan to Make the World Happier Believing that an educated public opinion and cooperation between the people at large and all well-directed agencies will give practical effect to the findings of science regarding the prevention of the spread of diseases that exact awful toll of mankind, the inter-allied con- ference of special- ists at Cannes, France, has been devoting itself to the task of prepar- ing a comprehen- sive program for presentation to the convention of Red Cross societies of the world which is to be held at Geneva following the signing of the world peace treaty. The text of min- utes adopted April 4 by the inter-al- lied conference has just been received in this country. These minutes set forth the views of § the experts engaged in the work, with respect to making ideals effective, as follows: “We are assembled at the invita- tion of the Committee of Red Cross Societies to assist in the task for which that committee was constituted, namely: “‘To formulate and propose to the Red Cross societies of the world an extended program of Red Cross activ- ities in the interest of humanity.’ “In addressing ourselves to this task, we desire to express our belief that while every measure should be taken to repair the ravages of war and to prevent all wars, it is no less important that the world should ad- T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN dress itself to the prevention and amelioration of those ever-present tragedies of unnecessary sickness and death which occur in the homes of all peoples. “This world-wide prevalence of dis- ease and suffering is, in considerable measure, due to causes which science has not yet disclosed, but a great part of it is due to widespread igno- rance and lack of application of well- established facts and methods, capable either of largely restricting disease or of preventing it altogether. “It is clear that it is most important to the future progress and security of civilization that intelligent steps be taken to instruct the peoples of the world in the observance of those prin- ciples and practices which will con- tribute to their health and welfare. “In the accomplishment of these great aims, it is of supreme conse- quence that the results of the studies and researches of science should be made available to the whole world; that high standards of practice and proficiency in the prevention of dis- ease and preservation of health should be promoted and supported by an in- telligent and educated public opinion; and that effective measures should be taken in every country to secure the utmost cooperation between the peo- ple at large and all well-directed agen- cies engaged in the promotion of health. “We have carefully considered the general purposes of the Committee of Red Cross Societies whereby it is pro- posed to utilize a central organization which shall stimulate and coordinate the voluntary efforts of the peoples of the world through their respective Red Cross societies; which shall as- sist in promoting the development of sound measures for public health and sanitation, the welfare of children and mothers, the education and training of nurses, the control of tuberculosis, venereal diseases, malaria and other infectious and preventable diseases, and which shall endeavor to spread the light of science and the warmth of human sympathy into every corner of the world, and shall invoke in be- half of the broadest humanity not alone the results of science, but the daily efforts of men and women of every country, every religion and every race. “We believe that the plans now being developed should at the earliest practicable moment be put into effect and placed at the disposal of the world. In no way can this be done so effectively as through the agency of the Red Cross, hitherto largely rep- resenting a movement for ameliorat- ing the conditions of war, but now surrounded by a new sentiment and S § º - & § - * - - - Ž - - - - & - N ARMENIAN CHILDREN AT A. R. C. ORPHANAGE, PALESTINE the wide support and confidence of the peoples of the world, and equip- ping it to promote effective measures for human betterment under condi- tions of peace. “We are confident that this move- ment, assured as it is at the outset of the moral support of civilization, has in it great possibilities of adding immeasurably to the happiness and welfare of mankind.” The following scientists have sub- scribed their names to the resolution: For the United States.—Dr. Wil- liam Welch, Dr. William Palmer Lu- cas, Lieut. Col. William F. Snow, Dr. Hugh S. Cumming, Dr. Samuel Mc- Clintock Hamill, Dr. Herman M. Biggs, Dr. Fritz B. Talbot, Col. Rich- ard P. Strong, Dr. L. Emmet Holt, Dr. Wycliffe Rose, Dr. Frederick F. Russell, Dr. Edward R. Baldwin, Dr. Livingston Farrand, Lieut. Col. Lins- ley R. Williams, Dr. Albert H. Garvin. For Great Britain.—Lieut. Col. Ed- ward C. Hort, Lieut. Col. Sir P. W. Philip, Col. S. L. Cummins, Dr. Henry Kenwood, Sir John Lumsden, Dr. F. Truby King, Col. L. W. Harri- son, Sir Arthur Newsholme, Dr. F. N. Cayay Menzies. For France.—Dr. Roux, Dr. Rist, Dr. P. Armand DeLille. For Italy.—Dr. Ettore Marchia Fava, Professor Edoarde Maragliano, Dr. Bartholomeo Gosie, Lieut. Col. Aldo Castellani, Dr. Francesco Vala- gussa, Dr. Camille Golgi, Col. Ceasre Baduel, Dr. Camille Poli, Dr. Giu- seppe Bastianelli. For Japan.—Dr. T. Kabeshima. Money Due Repatriated Prisoners The War Department has issued the following circular relating to receipts for money due repatriated prisoners of war, which Red Cross Chapters may help to bring to the attention of those concerned : “The commanding general, Ameri- can Expeditionary Forces, has ar- ranged through the Armistice Commis- sion to present to the German govern- ment for payment, receipts given by that government for money due re- patriated prisoners of war. “All repatriated prisoners of war who have returned to the United States and who hold receipts for money due them from the German government should send the receipts, preferably by registered mail, to the Adjutant General of the Army, Wash- ington, D. C., to be forwarded to the Chief Quartermaster, American Ex- peditionary Forces.” Siberian General Wires Appreciation A cablegram for Vladivostok, dated April 29, announces the receipt by the American Red Cross Commission for Siberia of the following telegram from Lieutenant General Gaida, command- ing the Siberian Army: “An American Red Cross train load of hospital supplies and drugs is now being distributed among the hospitals on the front, occupied by our soldiers and officers. In their name, and per- sonally, accept our sincere thanks for the generosity of the American Red Cross and hearty greetings.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MDDS TO ARMENIAN HORRORS American Worker in the Caucasus, in Cable Through State Depart- ment, Tells Conditions Almost unbelievable are the stories of suffering on the part of refugees from Turkish Armenia which are conveyed in reports from American workers in that section of the world. | | % * % former homes in Turkish Armenia near Kars. Concentration at these two places and many others without food or clothing and after a winter of exile in the Caucasus arſd beyond has pro- duced a condition of horror unparal- leled among the atrocities of the great war. On the streets of Alexandropol on the day of my arrival 192 corpses were picked up. This is far below the average per day. One-seventh of the refugees are dying each month. At Ejchmiadzin I looked for a time A GREEK PRIEST HELPING GROUP OF REFU GEES TO RETURN TO THEIR HOMIES No suspicion of exaggeration, how- ever, will attach to statements from so eminent an authority as Dr. G. H. T. Main, president of Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, who now is serving as commissioner of the Caucasus of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, an organization which has received much financial and other assistance from the American Red Cross. There follow extracts from a cable- gram from Dr. Main, received in this country through the Department of State, stating facts within his per- sonal knowledge and observation: “I have been handling refugee con- centration along the former boundary line between Russian and Turkish Armenia. Alexandropol, a large cen- ter, and Ejchmiadzin, a small one, are typical. In the one are 68,000 ref- ugees by actual census at our bread and soup kitchens. In the other there are 7,000. Refugees have streamed into these places hoping to find it pos- sible to cross the border into their % % % % at a refugee burial. Seven bodies were thrown indiscriminately into a square pit as carrion and covered with the earth without any suggestion of care or pity. As I looked at the work- men I saw a hand protruding from the loose earth. It was a woman’s hand and seemed to be stretched out in mute appeal. To me this hand reaching upward from the horrible pit symbolized starving Armenia. The workmen told me that the seven in this pit were the first load of thirty- five to be brought out from the village that morning. The cart had gone back for another load. “The refugees dare not go forward. They halt on the border land of their home. The Turks, the Kurds and the Tartars have taken possession of their land and will hold it by force of arms. A line almost like a battle line from the Black Sea region, where is located the Southwestern Republic with Kars as its capital, to the Caspian Sea, where Baku is the capital of the Azer- baijan Republic, together with a line of Turks, Kurds and Tartars between these two extremes holds the refugees where they are. The total number is more than 330,000. To these must be added the local inhabitants also suf- fering indescribable hardships. “The Armenian Republic on the Russian side of the line and our re- lief committee working together are not able adequately to feed the ref- ugees. Meanwhile seeding time is here and passing. Another season of famine is inevitable unless there is im- mediate action by some compelling power.” GREEK REFU GEES, DRIVEN FROM HOMES IN BUL.GARIA, LIVING IN OLD CHURCH T. MINAS OE' S 4. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow Wilson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. T.A.F.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. DE Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer Alexander KING. . . . . . . . . . . ----------- Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLoughby WALLING . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERick C. MUNRoe . . . . . . . . . . General Manager washingtoN, D. C., MAY 5, 1919 The International Movement With the formal declaration of peace, on the terms prescribed by en lightened civilization, near at hand, the forces working for the betterment of the world will make the new inter- national Red Cross program the next matter of commanding importance. More than five months have elapsed since the signing of the armistice that marked the end of hostilities in the greatest of wars, and in these months the premiers of the allied govern- ments and their associates have strug- gled with many vexing problems and finally evolved a convention that represents the composite idea of mak- ing practical the victory in defense of liberty. While leaders in world politics have been working to this end, an- other group of leaders have been pre- paring to take up the work where the statesmen and diplomats at Paris leave off. Thirty days after the sign- ing of the treaty of peace representa- tives of the Red Cross societies of the world will assemble in convention at Geneva to act on the program which experts, sitting at Cannes since the first of April, will submit for con- sideration, and to adopt measures looking to the extension and general strengthening of Red Cross activities through international cooperation. The new international Red Cross movement is the natural corollary of the establishment of the new peace, in which practically all the nations of the world will play a part. We are living in a time when ideals are being translated into realities, and one of the realizations of the prospectively near future is the putting into opera- tion of machinery to stay the ravages of disease that have prevailed in nor- mal as well as war periods, along with the reestablishment, on a more effective basis, of effort to relieve human suffering caused by calamity in its various forms. The Red Cross convention at Geneva gives promise of being the agency through which the public health of nations generally will be enhanced, and the physical well-being of all peoples made more Sec111 e. - In the statement promulgated by the conference of specialists at Cannes at the beginning of the deliberations, the text of which is printed in an- other column, the aims regarding the improvement of the public health and the means for making them operative are succinctly presented. Red Cross cooperative endeavor stands out as the one sure means, in the light of achievements by the same organiza- tion when the earth was aflame, of giving practical force to the things established by the consensus of scien- tific minds as barriers against epi- demic and as aids to the promotion of physical well-being in its broadest Se11Se. The practical side of the forthcom- ing Geneva convention is emphasized in the fact that the representatives of the governments which have been struggling with the problems of peace are one and all agreed in favor of the broader Red Cross movement. Officially the views on the subject of the participants in the allied peace conference were registered through an article incorporated in the pro- posed League of Nations covenant, as follows: “The members of the League agree to encourage and promote the estab- lishment and cooperation of duly au- thorized voluntary national Red Cross organizations having as pur- poses improvement of health, the pre- vention of disease and the mitigation of suffering throughout the world.” Women of the French Red Cross Women’s entrance into Red Cross work in France was largely due to Dr. Auguste Duchaussoy, an eminent French philanthropist. When the war of 1870 broke out Duchaussoy was in his prime, and his marvelous oratorical powers, his in- defatigability in work, and the bril- liance of his intellect, all contributed to make him invaluable in his task of or-. ganizing relief work during the siege of Paris. He undertook the command of the Parisian ambulances at this time, and his example fairly electrified the physicians and nurses under his command. Duchaussoy’s work did not end with the war. The nightmare through ...” % % AUGUSTE DUCHAUSSOY which he had passed in the hospitals and ambulances had shown him clearly that the devotion of the medi- cal corps was not fully supplemented by the hospital personnel. He real- ized also that woman is best suited to play the nurse's rôle in war or public calamity, and, accordingly, he founded a free school for ambulance nurses at Saint Sulpice, the first that ever existed in France. This project met with immediate success, but Duch- aussoy was unable to convince the Red Cross leaders of the wisdom of admitting women as members of that society. Nothing daunted, he organ- ized the “Association des Dames Francaises” in 1879, on the same plan as the “Société de Secours aux Blessés. This was a national institu- tion which all Frenchwomen were in- vited to join, with headquarters at Paris, each provincial town having its own committee, provided it had a suf- ficient number of adherents. T H E R E D C Ross B U L LET IN 5 f THERE are twenty-four chapters . and branches of the American Red Cross in China, according to a compilation made by the China Cen- tral Committee of the American Red Cross, and published with lists of of- ficers in the first number of a bulletin which is to be issued monthly by the committee. Particular attention is be- ing given by the American Red Cross organization in China to the relief work which is being carried on in Siberia, and owing to the interest dis- played in that connection, much help was rendered at a time when quick action was necessary. Siberian units outfitted by the China Central Committee at Shanghai em- brace in their personnel eleven doc- tors, sixteen nurses, eight ambulance drivers and four Chinese men and twelve Chinese women workers. Dur- ing the war the China chapters sent hundreds of cases of supplies to help meet the needs in France. Latterly the refugee situation in Siberia has demanded practically unlimited sup- plies of padded garments and clothing of all kinds, and the China chapters have concentrated their energies on this work. Large shipments have been collected and shipped to Vladivostok. & © & ! HINA also presents a fine show- ing with respect to American Red Cross Junior Membership. The junior work in China has been under the di- rection of Dr. J. C. McCracken. Dur- | ing the spring drive, for membership a year ago three American schools— Shanghai, Peking and Kuling—be- came Junior Red Cross auxiliaries, with an individual membership of about 250. Since then the activities have embraced the knitting of sweat- ers and refugee clothing, while the boys of the Shanghai auxiliary have been active in the collection of the thousands of pieces of used clothing . donated by the people for Siberian relief. In order to make it possible for isolated, children to become connected with the Junior Red Cross movement, it was arranged that organized aux- iliaries might take in such children as From the Red Cross Watch Tower associate members. In conformity with this plan about 10,000 Chinese children paid 40 cents apiece and be- came associate members during the spring drive. To help the young Chi- nese to grasp the true American Red Cross spirit, books telling the story of the Red Cross and dealing with the things that relate to child-welfare are being translated into the language of the country and will be widely dis- tributed. © & © AMERICAN Red Cross work in the Balkans is of constantly grow- ing importance. Destitution, caused by disease, hunger, and lack of sani- tation, is being combatted vigorously. Material relief is being extended in the form of food, clothing, medicines, skilled medical attention and general Supplies. In the cities of Jugo-Slavia, from Durazzo, in Albania, to Stru- mitza, in Serbia, and from Belgrade to Zagreb, American Red Cross offi- cers, doctors and nurses and repre- Sentatives of the Food Administration and of the Army are feeding and clothing inhabitants in the areas which have suffered most from the war. The sick and wounded are also re- ceiving medical aid. By their work in general and by their example, all the Americans engaged in the work in this section of the world are promot- ing new ideas of thrift, self-help, cleanliness and upright living. Sara. jevo, the scene of the murder of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, is now the headquarters of the Red Cross and the United States Food Admin. istration. Both organizations are ex- tending the activities in different parts of the Balkans. & © & WHILE there is an abundance of ' ' food in the larger towns of Bosnia and Herzegovina, some of the villages are suffering severely. Food suitable for children and the sick has been entirely lacking. Most of the hospitals have been badly in need of blankets, linen, surgical dressings and medicine. The increase in typhus cases has been alarming, especially among the poor. Many of the people have had only one outfit of clothing, and the resulting uncleanliness has been conducive to the spread of the disease. - The American Red Cross Commis- sion for the Balkans has sent doctors and nurses to help the local authori- ties, and has also given supplies of clothing, surgical dressings and medi- cines to the hospitals. It has main- tained relief stations at Ragusa, Spa- lato, Fiume, Mostar and Sarajevo. The United States Food Administra- tion has sent large quantities of flour and fats into the interior regions, where the destitution is the most marked. © & © OURSES in child welfare have been instituted in Greece by the American Red Cross mission for the Balkans. These are under the direc- tion of Dr. Samuel J. Walker, super- intendent of St. Luke's Hospital, Chi- cago, and Maj. Clifford W. Barnes, of New York. The courses include a series of lectures in Greek, on infant care, by Dr. Doxiades, of Athens. These lectures are attended by Greek school teachers from all parts of the Country. These young women are now beginning to instruct others in their districts in infant hygiene and welfare. By a systematic campaign it is hoped to counteract the tremen- dous loss of life due to the war by conserving the lives of the babies, the future bread-winners of the nation. The question of repopulation is a vital one to Greece, and both the sav- ing of the lives of her infants and the reclamation of orphans hidden away by the Bulgars in the occupied terri- tories are being given the closest at- tention by the Greek government. «» «» «» HE American Red Cross has also established a number of infant welfare clinics in Greece. At these clinics young Greek women, many of them of the highest class of society, are instructed in infant welfare, trained as nurses' aides, and given clinical demonstration as to how chil- dren should be treated and how to distinguish the various types of chil- dren’s diseases. . : The course at the Red Cross clinic requires about three weeks, and those who undertake it are expected to be- gin work upon its completion among the poor of Athens, and elsewhere in Greece, and to instruct mothers how to care properly for their children. The American Red Cross is now pre- paring an extensive advertising cam- paign with literature in Greek to be distributed throughout the country among mothers. - . . . • ‘7 ...” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HOW THE RED CROSS CLOTHES RUSSIAN BABIES (From a letter written by an American Red Cross worker in Vladivostok to a friend in Tokio) Mrs. asked me to tell you something about our troubles and pleasures in taking care of the ref- the city. We go out there every three barracks at First River and three at Second River that are re- spectively five and nine miles from the city. We go out there every morning in one of the Red Cross automobiles. The weather has been wonderful and right up until the first of the year it has been clean fall weather, without wind or snow. Our helpers in instructing the refugees how to live well looked forward to the work with pleasure, but were doubtful about the cold morning ride, especially those who came from warmer climates of Japan and Hawaii. However, after seeing the appealing little children clinging to their mothers and looking up at us with trustful eyes, you may be sure that none of us would miss that ride now. “ONCE-A-WEEK’’ BATHS Each barrack is a long building with a small room on each end, the rest of the space being without partitions. At first all the refugees lived together in this large room, but now it is parti- tioned into spaces for two or three families. Bathing facilities were long since fitted up in these barracks. At first some of the residents did not want to take a bath, as it was “not time yet,” but others were happy and thankful to do so. It is no wonder that they had no facilities before, as the water has to be carried over from the hills, which makes it very expen- sive; but now everybody gets a bath once a week. Of course many of them want to put off taking a bath “dru-goi-ras” (for another time) or “Zavtra” (tomorrow). Most of the Russians at First Bar- racks are from the Baltic Provinces, Riga, Revel, and Vilna. They have lost their homes and husbands and have been in want for three years. Many of them were once in good cir- cumstances but have nothing now, and these are the ones who are taking most interest in our sewing rooms. When I first went to start these sewing rooms I went about asking who could sew. They were all very indifferent and at First River only eight volunteered and those mostly because they were attracted by the warm sewing room which we had fitted up at the end of the barracks. As soon, however, as they saw chil- dren's garments made by their own hands from the nice warm material the Red Cross furnished, they began to want these garments for their chil- dren, and when we decided to pay them for piece-work I did not have enough room for all. Now I have forty-one working in two rooms. EAGER AND PATIENT The women make full outfits from underwear to overcoats and caps. Some do good work and are very fast. Several of them make as high as 20 roubles a week; but we were all very sorry for one little girl who made only 2 roubles in two weeks. How she labors every day! But all her fingers are thumbs, she drops her thimble because she is learning to use one, she breaks and loses more needles than she earns, yet her expression of delight at a garment she finished is worth it all, and she confidently hopes to be able some day to make clothes for her little brother and sister. One Sunday about three weeks ago we dressed over two hundred little children from six months of age to those aged fifteen in full outfits, all made in the sewing room. The next day some of the little fellows had their panties on wrong way about be- cause you know some of them have been three years without much cloth- ing of any kind and had not yet seen pants. Their pretty little red flannel- lette Russian blouses were so dirty and the belts were lost, but they really looked very cute in their new clothes. SHORTAGE OF STOCKINGS We had everything for them but stockings, as we bought up the entire ORPHANS FROM STREETS OF JERUSALEM CARED FOR BY A. R. C. supply of Vladivostok. That wouldn’t go 'round, and even now some of the children are running barefoot and without shoes on the cold cement bar- racks floor. In the meantime another' department of the Red Cross opened a soup kitchen and now serves soup prepared by the Russian mothers, so every little stomach is filled each day. While they play in their warm clothes they begin to think of other things, and they say to us: “Auntie, daitcha mnie kuklu,” which means, “Auntie, give me a dolly,” for you know they think we can supply every- thing. On their Christmas, which is thirteen days later than ours, we are giving them a Christmas tree and the dolls and toys which were sent us from the Japan and Hawaiian Chap- ters of the American Red Cross. This is only something about the direct work; the real work is some- thing which the little sewing depart- ment is doing making clothes for thousands who are without. On every train which goes out across Siberia we try to get out as many garments as our little force can make. We have already sent out over three thou- sand garments, including trousers and overcoats, made by these Russian ref- ugees for others in a more unfortu- nate condition. How little this is com- pared to what must be done and how I wish everybody could see with their own eyes what is needed ! We spe- cially need shoes and stockings. Some time I will tell you more about Second River, where we have mostly Armenians, with a sewing room opened a few weeks ago where fifty- one people are also doing their share now under the superintendence of Miss Lillian Welch of Honolulu. º T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Mrs. Wilson Inspects Red Cross Work The Paris edition of The American Red Cross Bulletin, issued April 5, contains the following account of visits paid by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson to Paris scenes of American Red Cross activity: “Mrs. Woodrow Wilson visited two of the numerous activities of the Red Cross in Paris this week and expressed her unqualified admiration of the work. On Monday she was welcomed at the club for members of the A. E. F. on detached duty for study in Paris and on Wednesday at the big A. R. C. tent hotel on the Champe de Mars. “The former establishment, recently opened at 140 Boulevard Montpar- nasse under the auspices of the Paris Chapter of the Red Cross, gave a tea in honor of Mrs. Wilson. More than 400 officers and men were present, and they had the honor of meeting the President’s wife at a reception held in the main reading room of the club. “Mrs. Wilson arrived at the club- house shortly after 4 o’clock and re- mained for an hour. A squad of American doughboys, all students in Paris, formed a guard of honor at the entrance. Mrs. Wilson was shown through the various reading and study rooms of the club, the gardens and the sun porch, which is used as a dance hall. She was shown through the club by Captain Volpe, Miss E. Mitchell and Miss Lila McClelland. Mrs. Wilson was accompanied by her personal secretary, Miss Benham. “Tea and cakes were served. A string orchestra, composed of soldier students, played during the reception. Mrs. Wilson expressed great interest in the students’ work and the efforts of the Red Cross in their behalf. “At noon on Wednesday, Mrs. Wil- son, accompanied by Miss Benham, visited the Champ de Mars tent hotel, where accommodations have been pro- vided for 1,600 American permission- naires. She took a lively interest in everything. “During her inspection of the kitch- ens, a load of warm apple pies arrived. Mrs. Wilson declared the temptation was too much and forthwith sampled the pastry. While going through one of the fifty canvas dormitories, the President's wife received a bouquet of flowers, presented by the French workers of the place. § GRADUATES Paintings Depict Work in France Lieut. Cameron Burnside, an Amer- ican artist, who closed his Paris studio in September, 1917, and devoted more than a year to warehouse work with the Red Cross, has completed eight large paintings depicting phases of re- lief activities performed by the Amer- ican Red Cross in France. Lieutenant Burnside was one of a group of seven—six artists and a singer—who gave up their art work temporarily to enter the Red Cross service. These volunteers even did some of the ac- tual construction work in the establish- ment of the warehouses. After nine months spent in opening cases and unpacking supplies, Lieu- tenant Burnside offered to paint a se- ries of canvases as above indicated. During the bombardment of Paris by the German long-range guns and aero- planes work on the series was inter- rupted by panic on the part of his models when bombs struck in the street where his studio was located. The eight paintings bear the follow- ing titles: “The Red Cross Nurse,” “A Clinic for French Children,” “A Line of Communications Canteen,” “An Out- post Canteen,” “Making Surgical Dressings for the Trenches,” “A Red Cross Warehouse in Paris,” “At Amer- ican Red Cross Military Hospital No. 5” and “Canteen for Refugees at a Paris Station.” Lieutenant Burnside recently has been at work on an idealistic painting which he describes as symbolic of the reconstruction of France. º - % Ž. - º º FROM RED CROSS SCHOOL FOR REEDUCATION OF MUTIILATED FREN CHI SOLDIERS AT WORK IN THE FIELDS - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN //a/~/ 27. /??& º or/º3 w/s/? //ev * * On the twenty-seventh day of last March seven Anzacs visited National Red Cross Headquarters. They were cordially welcomed by the Division of Public Reception, and one of the hostesses was delegated to show them over the buildings. They were an enthusiastic group of soldiers, these seven, all the way from New Zealand, 13,000 miles from the French battle- fields which they had just left. In the Department of Military Re- lief they made the acquaintance of the director of the Bureau Camp Service, TO THE º NATIONAL HEADQUARTERs AMERICAN RED Czoso WA-5FINGTON, D.C. he seve/2 42/woºd so//ere wºo were 752 A.º/? /2273 * /9/2 ºz//5/5 soove/~/ 76 ſe/ you /º/ Zºey /*ave ac//ºo/*/2 y.o.º. º oozzezess". and coe m/3,cº Waſways Asſ. As Zºe ºy 524/27 w/3 %22% //? has/2/23/32. - // / /s/ 7% ºf 2 75e zay/wave an oºzerº ooz Aºyee 2/5/5/ %2 gºoey 22% s we on eZ cºs/24 a Zeaſaº me 3622/2/42 /woooore 2' 6 &e 5,6%. 75 ºrgeº/e Že 2^**/ K22/2=ss sºon/~ 75 As yºurs reº). % ºz º.º. º. º, % º 'º, 4J, & ºvee's º SOUVENIR OF VISIT FROM NEW ZEALANDERS yoº Ac32/a/ſy oºz %a Zºo” %2/zºº/o/”c & e Zºrzoº & Zºº / 5 ºryzº oz/- 4%zze/Acº Zºº “Tº , bers of the Inter- national Commit- tee and the found- & ers of the league that the present pro- ject must not be postponed, as this is a propitious time to utilize the many les- sons recently learned by the Red Cross through its war-time activities in the formulation of an intelligent peace- time program. The founder Societies of the league are to remain constituent members of the International Red Cross, which will continue the essential work in which it has been engaged for more than fifty years. - The purposes of the League of Red Cross Societies are recognized by the League of Nations as expressed in Article XXV of its covenant, which reads: \ “The members of the league agree to encourage and promote establish- ment and cooperation of duly author- ized voluntary National Red Cross Organizations, having as purposes the improvement of health, the prevention of disease and the mitigation of suf- fering throughout the world.” It is expected that the League of Red Cross Societies will establish in- timate relations with the League of Nations and with the various govern- ments of the world; but it is import- & Gº-t}< ºt)-->()-->4)-º-ºxº-> o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-º- PRESIDENT WILSON SPEEDS work OF LEAGUE - Letter to Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Governing Board of the Red Cross League: “My DEAR MR. DAVISON : “Permit me to congratulate you and your associates representing the Red Cross societies of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan upon the formation of the League of Red Cross Societies designed to unite the Red Cross societies of the world in active cooperation against the miseries which arises from disease and disaster. - “I know that the formation of the league marks the achievement of a plan cherished by you for many months; a plan with which I had an in- stinctive sympathy when you broached it to me upon its inception in your thoughts, not only because it promised a development of Red Cross use- fulness, but also because I saw in it a kindred purpose to that which in- spired us with the design of the League of Nations, a purpose to draw all peoples into concerted action for the welfare of the world. . . “Although the League of Red Cross Societies has no formal affiliations with the League of Nations, it is so obviously conceived in the spirit of the league that we incorporated its purposes in Article 25 of the Covenant. “I know that both your committee and International Committee of the Red Cross purpose an organic union so soon as the temper of the world will permit. I wish all speed to that consummation, both for the promotion of Red Cross activity and for the prompt attainment of the time when peace and goodwill shall be written in men's hearts as plainly as it is now being written in their covenants. - “In conclusion, permit me to congratulate you personally upon the zeal and tact with which you have set forward a worthy undertaking. “Cordially and sincerely yours, - “W 33 OODROW WILSON. ) m.o.eme-o-º-o-em-o-º-o-º-o-ºm-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-ºm-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-ºm-oºm-o ºn-o-em-o-me-o-º-o-emeo ant that it should be understood that the league is purely a voluntary or- ganization, is non-political, non-gov- ernmental and non-sectarian and, therefore, has no statutory connec- tion with the League of Nations or with any government. This is the genius of the Red Cross in accordance with its origin, traditions, and the pre- vailing practices of today; that it is voluntary and not governmental; as the National Red Cross collects vol- unteering individuals in its associa- tion, so the league collects volunteer- ing societies in the larger associations. The objects of the League of Red Cross Societies, as formally set forth every country in the in its Articles of Association, are: 1. To encourage and promote in world a duly authorized, voluntary Na- tional Red Cross organization, having as purposes improvement of health, prevention of disease, and mitigation of suffering throughout the world, and to secure the coopera- tion of such organizations for these purposes. 2. To promote the welfare of m a n k in d by f u r n is h in g a m e di u m for " bringing within reach of all peo- ples the bene- fits to be de- rived from pre- sent k n own facts, and new contributions to science, a n d medical knowl- edge and their application. 3. To f u r n - i s h a medium for coordinating re 1 i e f work, in case of great national or inter- national dis- aSter. - The league will be made up of or- ganizations of the Red Cross socie- ties of the world which desire to pursue these same objects. The control of the league will be by a general coun- cil, composed of representatives of all members of the Red Cross Societies meeting at de- <> signated periods. In the intervals be- tween these meetings the control of the league will be exercised by a gov- erning board of fifteen members, elected by the general council, and two ex-officio members. . The Board of Governors, which held its first meeting on May 7, con- sists of: Henry P. Davison, of the American Red Cross; Sir Arthur Stanley, of the British Red Cross; Comte Kergorlay, of the French Red Cross; Count Frascara, of the Italian Red Cross, and Professor Ninagawa, of the Japanese Red Cross. * (Continued on page 8) T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN JUNIOR RED CROSS BEGINS OLD WORLD WORK Support of Orphanage on Mount Zion. Among First Important Tasks—Will Aid War Orphans in Many European Countries - Interest at home in the program for Junior American Red Cross work among the war-stricken children of the Old World has been intensified by the reports brought back by Dr. Farrand, who gave particular atten- tion to the foreign organization of the Junior campaign during his re- cent visit to Europe. From his re- ports and letters written by field rep- resentatives it now is possible to give a comprehensive summary of the work inaugurated and in prospect. A big family of once lonely little Syrians and Armenians and Greeks, cared for in a comfortable house on one of the most beautiful sites in his— toric Palestine—that is the opening picture in the first chapter of the peace work of the Junior Red Cross. The Juniors are going to undertake the support of the American Red Cross orphanage on Mount Zion. A rich return opens up for the boys and girls on California ranches and in New Eng- land mill towns, and in all the cities and farmhouses between, who have been building up their Junior Red Cross funds by school entertainments and extra home chores, and by the prosaic but productive methods of keeping away from candy stores. Because these young Americans have hustled and hoarded, a few more of the thin, big-eyed waifs who clut- ter the streets of Jerusalem are to have a fresh start in life. There will be pictures and stories of the Jerusalem house for the proud American spon- sors, and perhaps by and by there even will be letters back and forth, with all the enlargement of Asiatic and Amer- ican horizons such a correspondence would bring. Juniors will not be the founders of the Mount Zion home, for it was started several months ago by the American Red Cross Commission for Palestine, and has been maintained by this commission ever since. But from now on, it is to be a strictly Junior enterprise. The commission surrenders its claim, and all the money for the various running expenses of the home will be provided by the school children of America. The Juniors' new protegés are liv- ing in a house which the Palestine Commission rented for this purpose from the priests of the Holy Sepul- chre. The building is on the very edge of Mount Zion itself, and from its roof, writes Colonel Finley, head of the Palestine Commission, “one can look out and see not only the Holy City but the Mount of Olives, the mountains of Moab, and the hills back of Bethlehem.” The home is for children orphaned by the war, whatever their nationality. “The war orphans,” writes a Red Cross doctor from Jersusalem, “are, of all among whom we work, the most to be pitied.” This doctor worked among the Jerusalem orphans for many weeks last winter, and says that “as one sees them first, they are usu- ally barefooted, with one loose gar- ment only, hanging from their shoul- ders; poorly nourished, dirty, and in general extremely forlorn.” How- ever, after six weeks of daily medical care at the orphanage, he was able to report: “We are seeing them grad- ually return to a state of health in which they will be able to develop physically somewhat as normal boys should.” OTHER ACTIVITIES But the Junior Red Cross orphan- age on Mount Zion will not be the end of the story. In a world so brimming with suffering children, a vigorous all-American organization like the Junior Red Cross is not going to limit its overseas work to one houseful of war orphans. Maj. Royal Haynes, who is now in Paris, has been chosen as European representative to investi- gate for the Juniors the many forms of children's relief that need the help N § º s § N N of the children of America. They are only too easy to find, these hordes of old-world children whose whose lives could be brightened by a little lift at this critical time. The task is to choose from among them. There are children in Serbia who are trotting around their cold hill towns dressed in the fragments of an old shirt, or a piece of gunny-sacking, or in nothing at all. There are the children in Poland who are dying by hundreds of the plague that flourishes and thrives on the dirt-caked rags of their last remaining garment. Here is work for Junior sewing classes, and an outlet for any extra Junior dimes. Then there are the 20,000 destitute children left homeless along the Syrian coast. A wonderful dream has been dreamed for these children, and it may be that the Junior Red Cross will be able to have a share in making it come true. It is a dream of homes, of a village of little cottages where trained house fathers or house mothers bring up little families of children. The children are of all ages and both sexes, just like homemade families, and they start off to school in the morning and go out to play with neighbor children in the afternoon and potter in their little back-yard gardens on holidays, and do all the other things that go with living in a nice lit- tle home in a nice little village. POSSIBILITIES IN FRANCE For Junior work in France there are any number of far-reaching pos- sibilities. There are the children whom war has robbed of all education, and there are the children who have lost the physical background for school INTERIOR OF A. R. C. CANTEEN NO. 12, PARIS, WHERE VISITORS FROM THE A. E. F. ARE AFFORDED LODGING, AND CAN GET A HOT BREAKFAST FOR NINE CENTS. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 work, so that their lessons grow poorer and poorer for lack of the needed rest. And then there are the children who would profit richly by a longer school life but have now no fathers to provide it. France has lost so many of her geniuses and her might-have- beens that these may-be geniuses are doubly precious. Some of them need to be helped along toward the Ecole Polytechnique, the Ecole des Beaux Arts, or the Ecole Centrale, and some need a lift from the primary to the secondary schools. This French work can be done with the advice and assistance of the min- istries of Public Instruction, Labor and Agriculture, and also through such organizations as the Pupilles de la Nation, the Comité des Amis des Lycées, and the Comité des Amis des Ecoles Communales. An administra- tive committee has already been formed to take charge of Junior Red Cross work in France, deriving its powers and its funds from the Junior Red Cross as organized in America. The following French ministries and committees have sent representatives to be members of the Administrative Committee: Ministry of Publis In- struction; Ministry of Labor; Minis- try of Agriculture; Sous-Secretariat des Beaux Arts; Pupilles de la Na- tion (French committee for the care of war orphans); Comité des Ly- cées (graduates of French classical schools); Comité des Ecoles Commu- males (graduates vocational schools). Operating costs can thus be kept low, and a minimum of such expenses both here and abroad is an end that is go- ing to be kept firmly in view. Whatver is begun in any country, it will be simple of machinery, and it will be a complete achievement—not a half-help to cruelly injure the recip- ient by breaking off in the middle. It will also be something that American boys and girls can take genuine pleas- ure in providing. Dental clinics, sur- gical care, and like unalluring neces- sities of child life are to be left to other agencies. What the Junior Red Cross does overseas will be a gift from boys and girls in America to boys and girls in less fortunate coun- tries, and it must be something the children will truly enjoy giving, both for the sake of the givers themselves and for the sake of the friendly happy inter-hemisphere intercourse that is to follow the gift. The cemetery at Nish, Siberia, con- tains the graves of soldiers of nine different nationalities, friend and foe, who have found a common peace and a common resting place at last. § § ~ | N INTERIOR OF A. R. C. CANTEEN AT RHEIMS, POPULAR WITH SIGHT-SEEING PARTIES FROM THE A. E. F. A Letter from General Pershing In a letter to Lieut. Col. George H. Burr, American Red Cross Commis- sioner for France, Gen. John J. Persh- ing, commander of the American Ex- peditionary Forces, expressed his ap- preciation of the work of the men and women of the American Red Cross who “contributed so largely to the success of our armies.” The letter follows: “I wish to convey through you to the American Red Cross my personal appreciation and the gratitude of the officers and men of the American Ex- peditionary Forces for the services which your organization from the arri- val of the first American contingents has rendered to the Army, and which have constantly increased in variety, magnitude and value. “The first concern of the Red Cross is naturally for the sick and wounded. Its untiring and self-sacrificing work in this field in furnishing needed sup- plies and personnel has been of im- mense assistance to the Army Medical and Sanitary Corps, and has greatly supplemented their work by the estab- lishment and maintenance of Red Cross hospitals and convalescent homes. Its relief work for American prisoners of war has been of incalculable value. Through its organization in Switzer- land our men in enemy prison camps were supplied with American food, clothing and other necessities and com- forts, which beyond doubt saved the lives of hundreds and mitigated the sufferings of all. “The canteens conducted by the Red Cross in and near the front lines and at railroad stations along the lines of communication were invaluable during hostilities and have continued to contribute to the comfort of our soldiers during the frequent troop movements occurring since the armis- tice. The Home Communication Serv- ice and the information concerning casualties have helped maintain morale in the Army and have been a source of the greatest comfort and reassur- ance to those at home. The Red Cross has also conducted many incidental activities, such as hotels, diet kitchens and recreation huts at hospital cen- ters. It has exhibited at all times a willingness to meet promptly any emer- gency whether or not strictly within the scope of its normal functions. “I have dwelt upon these phases of its work which have touched the life of the American Expeditionary Forces directly, but I cannot forbear men- tioning the splendid work which your organization has carried on in other fields, and especially the aid which it has brought to the destitute popula- tion of the devastated regions of France and Belgium, and which it is even now extending to other parts of Europe. “I cannot speak too highly of the devoted services of the individual men and women of the Red Cross, whether their duty lay in hospitals or training centers along the lines of communica- tion, or at the front. “Please accept this letter as an ex- pression of my appreciation to all the splendid men and women at home and abroad, who have thus contributed so largely to the success of our armies.” T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN (Continued from page 5) This board will appoint additional members, and all will hold office until the General Council is convened. The board elected as its chairman Mr. Davison, who was, until recently, chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross. Since January he has been chairman of the Commit- tee of Red Cross Societies which for- mulated the program for the league. The board authorized immediate steps for carrying out the purposes of the league, and for putting into practical effect the recommendation of the medical experts recently convened at Cannes to consider and devise a world health program. It selected Geneva, the home of the International Red Cross, as the headquarters of the league. ... " Mr. Davison, as chairman of the Governing Board of the league, made the following statement: “The Red Cross societies of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan have, for several months, worked incessantly, through their representatives, to devise an agency which could adequately cope with the world problems of disease and disaster. From the outset it was clear to us all there was no institution in the world so well adapted to this task as the Red Cross, because of the peculiar hold which it has upon the hearts of all peoples, irrespective of differences of race and religion; be- cause of its fifty years of honorable service in all quarters of the globe; because of the amazing development of its powers in the recent war; be- cause of the anxiety of its member- ship not to lose the opportunity for service when war service was no longer needed; because, in short, of consensus of opinion, medical and lay, that health problems of the world can never be solved by doctors alone, nor by governments alone, but must en- list hearty volunteer cooperation of the peoples themselves; and no or- ganization can mobilize the peoples of divergent views as can the Red Cross. Recognizing this phenomenon, the five largest Red Cross societies have banded themselves together to bring about Red Cross cooperation every- where. - - - “For a practical starting point, we have the well concerted recommenda- tions of one of the most remarkable medical assemblies that ever applied itself to a set of practical problems. The league which has been created will extend to Red Cross societies throughout the world, and we hope will, in time, be universal in member- ship. The spirit of the founder mem- bers of the league; the practical form of organization determined upon; the close ties established between the league and the International Commit- tee of the Red Cross of Geneva, each complementing the work of the other; the interest and active cooperation al- ready evidenced by government heads everywhere, and so well expressd in the recent draft of the League of Na- tions covenant; the love of all peoples for their Red Cross societies, and the compelling need throughout the world, all combine to give assurance that the League of Red Cross Societies will quickly become that great agency for the people's welfare which its found- ers determined it should be.” At a dinner in Taris, May 9, given by Henry Morgenthau, former Ameri- can ambassador to Turkey, to the Board of Governors of the League of Red Cross Societies, Mr. Davison an- nounced that invitations to become members of the league had been issued to national Red Cross societies of the following countries: - Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bra- zil, Canada, Chili, China, Cuba, Den- mark, Greece, Holland, India, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Roumania, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay and Venezuela. Representatives of these countries, who were present at the dinner, received formal invitations on behalf of their national Red Cross Organizations. Besides Mr. Davison those who spoke at the dinner were: Ian Malcolm, Dr. Rappard, Dr. Nina- gawa, Sir David Henderson, Dr. Wil- liam Henry Welch, Count Kerger- lay, Senator Frascara, and Sir Eric Drummond. - Others present were: Otis Cutler, manager of the Fourteenth Division of the American Red Cross; Dr. Stockton Axson, Lieut. Col. Robert E. Olds, American Red Cross Commis- sioner for Europe; W. Frank Per- Sons, Wyckham Steed, Colonel Rus- sell, Col. Hugh S. Cumming, M. Le Baron de Gaeffier De Strey, Mrs. Henry Morgenthau, Mrs. William K. Draper, Mr. Hoo Wei Teh, H. A. Berfhaft, T. E. Steen, Wean J. C. Cratiano, W. F. Massey, Eliot Wads- ... Orth, º _hard P. Strong, Lieu- tenant Colonel Castellani, Stephane Lauzanne, Dr. D. J. Dillon, M. Hey- vans, M. Maxililliano Ibanez, Dr. S. T. Lee, M. Emile Calvayrac, M. Le Baron Dewdel Jarlsberg and M. Le Com Hrensward. - The Central Committee of the Uru- guayan Red Cross is made up entirely of women. EUROPE A*NERVous WRECK" Europe, besides being decimated and ruined, suffers from a kind of universal nervous breakdown which it will take years to cure, said Dr. Rene Sand, medical adviser of the Belgian Ministry of Labor, in an ad- dress to the National Headquarters staff of the American Red Cross. Accordingly, he added, the years to come will be troubled and difficult, for Europe will have to work out its own Salvation “and that we can do only if we adopted at least some of your standards.” “You have achieved greatness and prosperity on Solid foundations,” con- tinued Dr. Sand, “one of which is health. So has England. But in con- tinental Europe, and especially in Latin countries, health was altogether neglected. Education was pure learn- ing. Recreation was either intellect- ual or sensual; sports were not prac- ticed. Hygiene was considered a bother; contact with nature was lost. “Possessed by a keen sense of our actual needs, your Red Cross now aims at teaching us better. During the war your tuberculosis workers, your child welfore workers and your recreation workers have started a cam- paign which will bring lasting benefit. Your program of peace-time activities, with its permanent central organiza- tion in Geneva, will continue it and give strong impetus to the health move- ment in Europe.” - Discussing further the proposed world-wide Red Cross health program Dr. Sand described the necessity of private agencies helping the public agencies. Private enterprise, he said, will explore the field, try experiments, educate the public and secure cooper- ation in a way governmental services probably will not. “The drawback of private initiative, however,” continued Dr. Sand, “is lack of standards and coordination, To give all the committees and leagues and associations a common center, to prevent waste and mistakes, to agree on standards and a single program, I do not know of any existing agency which would be better prepared and better qualified than the Red Cross. Unity of command has done wonders in military affairs; it will be equally Supreme in health and welfare mat- ters.” - Dr. Sand vividly portrayed the spir- itual damage as well as the physical destruction wrought by the Hun in Belgium, and paid tribute to the work of the American Red Cross in behalf of the stricken nation. H / STS * A. The Red MAY 29 1918 *an, rºc” ross Bulletin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 26, 1919 No. 22 STAY TYPHUS; AVERT FAMINE Important Results Attend Work of Americans in Serbia and Balkans Generally Danger of famine in Serbia has been averted through the efforts of the American Red Cross and the United States Food Administration, * . s * % º º º THE CONFERENCE AT CANNES, AT % part of April, and announcement of the success of the work along the lines indicated followed. There are now fourteen Army med- ical officers, seven Red Cross doctors, six women physicians from the Amer- ican Woman's Hospital, New York, and forty-eight nurses in Serbia, do- ing notable work under the direction of Col. Edgar Erskine Hume, of RED GROSS WORK AT TOMSK Efforts Being Made to Prevent Repe- tition of the Suffering of the Last Winter Season (Special Correspondence) To Ms.K., SIBERIA, March 30–Five hundred people were frozen to death in the city of Tomsk early this win- WHICH PLANS FOR THE LEAGUE OF RED CROSS SOCIETIES WERE OUTLINED Henry P. Davison, Chairman, in center foreground (seated). Miss Julia Stimson, A. R. C. Nurse, and Chief of the A. E. F. Nursing Corps, and a threatened typhus epidemic has been overcome by American doctors and nurses cooperating with the Ser- bian sanitary authorities, according to a cablegram from Saloniki. A meeting of the American Red Cross commissioners to the several Balkan states was held in Saloniki the latter º is the second of the three Frankfort, Ky., and Maj. Roger G. Perkins, of Cleveland. Orphanages, sewing schools, disinfecting plants, clothing centers, soup kitchens and general relief stations are being oper- ated by the American Red Cross in all the important cities. (Continued on page 4) women standing at left ter; thousands had frozen feet or hands, and will go through life maimed and partly or wholly unable to work. In the district of Tomsk there are 150,000 refugees, the majority from European Russia. Most of them are penniless; without money and without homes in a climate where in winter T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN the temperature reaches 60 degrees below zero. They hive and herd in any sort of hovel or hole that offers them shelter. Into this district the American Red Cross has come, and is beginning a work that already has saved many lives and will save many others. Scat- tering its workers—and they have been few considering the vast field to be covered—the Red Cross has placed units in cities where the need seemed most pressing. It was late in January when four American girls reached Tomsk and organized Red Cross work there. In two months they have made rapid progress and laid the foundations for an effective relief campaign this spring and summer. Tomsk is so crowded with refugees that when typhus fever broke out, all relief work among these refugees had to go hand in hand with medical and sanitary measures. The first investi- gations which the Red Cross unit made showed that typhus was spread- ing rapidly, that all of the places where the refugees massed were the refu- gee points of infection and dissemi- nation, and that it was useless to dis- tribute clothing or attempt feeding unless means were first devised to stop the spread of the deadly epidemic. Facilities for meeting the emer- gency were difficult to obtain, because every building was filled. With the - cooperation of the American consul º and of the city authorities the Red Cross, after some weeks, procured a group of barracks which had been used to house, temporarily, immigrants from European Russia sent before the war by the government bureaus at Petrograd. This group of buildings has been refitted into a receiving and clearing station for refugees. The Red Cross, carrying out its plan of attack- * * º HOW THE INHABITANTS OF SALONIKI LIVE The cave shown in the upper picture shelters two families of fourteen persons, and the sub-cellar pictured below is the abode of three families of twenty persons ing disease simultaneously with desti- tution, has taken over eighteen bar- racks into which the refugees have herded, and each of these barracks will be cleaned and disinfected in turn, their inhabitants meanwhile being housed at the clearing station. This station is provided with baths, disin- fecting apparatus for clothes, dis- pensary and simple hospital facilities. § N & § Under the direction of the Red Cross unit there has been established a sewing room where refugee women are given employment. The city gave rent free, a large, well-lighted and well-warmed room in the center of the city, and a number of sewing machines, American made. The sewing room immediately proved popular. Scores of applications by women for work at the room had to be refused because the number of machines was limited. For the first month of its regime in Tomsk the Red Cross had offices at the American consulate, but has re- cently been given roomy offices and a two-story warehouse, the offer coming from a Russian whose interest in the Red Cross had heightened to appre- ciation at its energetic attack on the refugee problem. This same touch- stone of appreciation brought an offer from the Tomsk University Medical School to turn over to the Red Cross its clinical hospital. The University School, like many another educational institution in Siberia, has been hard hit by the ravages of war and revolu- tion. It turned to the Red Cross to enable it to continue its own fine work, and also to assist in handling disease (Continued on page 7) T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN BOY SCOUT WEEK--JUNE 8-14 Campaign to Enlarge and Strengthen Boy Scout Organization Aims at an Associate Member- ship of One Million Pursuant to proclamation by Presi- dent Wilson, the period beginning Sunday, June 8, to Flag Day, June 14, will be observed as Boy Scout week throughout the United States, for the purpose of strengthening the work of the Boy Scouts of America. It is stated in the proclamation: “The Boy Scouts of America have rendered notable service to the Nation during the world war. They have done effective work in the Liberty Loan and War Savings campaigns, in discovering and reporting upon the black walnut supply, in cooperating with the Red Cross and other war work agencies, in acting as despatch bearers for the Committee on Public Informa- tion, and in other important fields. The Boy Scouts have not only dem- onstrated the ir worth to the Na- tion, but have also materially contrib- uted to a deeper appreciation by the American people of the higher con- ception of patriot- ism and good citi- zenship. “The Boy Scout movement should not only be pre- served, but strengthened. It deserves the support of all public-spirited citi- zens. The available means for the Boy Scout movement have thus far sufficed for the organization and train- ing of only a small proportion of the boys of the country. There are ap- proximately 10,000,000 boys in the United States between the ages of 12 and 21. Of these only 375,000 are en- rolled as members of the Boy Scouts of America. - “America cannot acquit herself commensurately with her power and influence, in the great period now fac- ing her and the world, unless the boys of America are given better opportu- nities than heretofore to prepare them- selves for the responsibilities of citi- zenship. “Every nation depends for its future upon the proper training and develop- ment of its youth. The American boy must have the best training and disci- pline our great democracy can pro- vide if America is to maintain her ideals, her standards and her influence in the world.” Six objectives are sought in the cam- paign, as follows: First. Definitely to recognize na- tionally, by some suitable program, the value of the Boy Scout movement and especially the achievements of the Boy Scouts nationally and locally during the war. Second. Bring to the attention of the citizenship of each community the vital facts with reference to its boy- hood. Third. Interest churches, schools and other organizations which have a point of contact with boy life, so that there will be organized, wherever pos- sible, troops of Boy Scouts. Fourth. Give to men, especially re- turning soldiers and sailors qualified BOY SCOUTS LEARNING FIRST AID to act as Scout leaders, an opportu- nity to further serve their country by enlisting as Scoutmasters, Assistant Scoutmasters, Members of Troop Committees and Members of Local Councils. Fifth. Enroll as associate members of the National Council 1,000,000 per- sons who believe in the Boy Scout pro- gram and are willing to help to have it extended to more boys by paying $1 or more for membership. Each city, town or village to have a definite quota on the same basis as the Victory Loan, and each person becoming a member to receive a suitable certificate signed by the officers of the Boy Scouts of America and the Chairman of the Na- tional Citizens’ Committee. Sixth. Vitalize scouting in cities of 25,000 inhabitants and over, and in county districts of approximately 25,- 000 and over, so as to bring about the organization of a council of the first class with the necessary financial re- sources to adequately provide for the boyhood of the community through the Boy Scout program. W. G. McAdoo, former Secretary of the Treasury, is chairman of the Citizens’ National Committee which will have general charge of the cam- paign. In this capacity he has ad- dressed the mothers and fathers of American boys, emphasizing the ob- jects aimed at. In this address he SayS: “The fathers and mothers of Amer– ican boys will be gravely derelict in parental duty and in national obliga- tion if they fail to give their hearty support, moral and financial, to this great American Boy Scout movement. “Each year the Boy Scout move- ment is turning out thousands of bet- ter boys and creating the finest types of future American patriots. No cause should ap- peal more strongly to the mothers and fathers of Amer- ica than the Boy Scout cause. “The Boy Scouts raised several hun- dred million dol- lars in the Liberty Loan and War Savings Stamp campaigns. They did splendid work for the Red Cross in its several na- tional campaigns. They served the Government in many other effec- tive ways during the great world war. It is an or— ganization of gal- deserves the en- support of the lant patriots and couragement and nation. “Associate memberships in the Boy Scout organization will be offered to the mothers and fathers of American boys and to other adult American cit- izens. This, if successful, will provide a supporting adult organization to the Boy Scouts of America. Surely there are 5,000,000 American men and women who are willing to help the boys of America to become the best of all American citizens. Surely there are millions of other American citizens who are willing to contribute a small sum to put the Boy Scout organization on a strong and permanent basis which will assure the continuous training of the youth of America in the finer ideals and conceptions of citizenship in the greatest democracy on earth.” 4 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry, to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington By subscripTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAF'r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FoREST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON. . . . . . ... e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e º 'º e º e Secretary Livingston FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLouGHBY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 26, 1919 The Boy Scouts The Boy Scouts of America are a | The idea behind the organization appeals to everybody who has the welfare of the youth of the land and the future good of his country at heart. It cultivates real American institution. character, manliness, habits of clean living, in its wholesome manner of reaching the natural instincts of flesh- and-blood boys. Like other elements in the great human equation, the Boy Scouts have shown their worth in connection with the world war. hundreds of millions of dollars for the Liberty Loans and have worked energetically in the Red Cross cam- paigns. In dozens of ways they have assisted their communities in the va- rious civic functions relating to the war—parades, mass meetings, home- comings and the like. They did their part in winning the victory for lib- erty and civilization most splendidly, and their popularity with the general public is testified to whenever there is the chance to proclaim it. Folks who have been applauding pictures of these young Americans in action, as reproduced on the movie screens, now are to have opportunity to show their appreciation in a more practical way. Beginning June 8 and ending Flag Day, June 14, there will be a nation-wide campaign to strengthen the Scout organization, one They have raised of the objectives being to enlist an adult associate membership of 1,000,- 000. President Wilson has issued a proclamation calling upon the country to aid in the work and other impor- tant figures in the national life are actively behind the movement. Al- together, the circumstances are aus- picious for the achievement of all the objectives aimed at, as set forth on another page. Boy Scout week should have the special support of Red Cross workers, because the movement which the Scout organization is doing so much to ad- vance—the welfare of youth and country—is in direct keeping with the Red Cross ideal. Represented U. S. Nurses at Cannes For sheer merit in service to her country—service that called for ex- ecutive ability and hard skilled work —Miss Julia C. Stimson, Chief Nurse of the American Expeditionary Forces. in France, and formerly head of the American Red Cross nursing staff in Europe, was still further distin- guished among American women in being selected as the one trained nurse from the United States to serve as a delegate to the International Red Cross Conference at Cannes, France. Miss Stimson is a fine type of the capable American woman, and the unique position given her was not only a great compliment to her but indi- rectly a compliment to the judgment of the late Miss Jane A. Delano, Di- rector of the Department of Nursing of the American Red Cross, whose “lambs,” as she called her nurses, were chosen for Red Cross service with the utmost care. . Along with such subjects as child welfare, sanitation, etc., the subject of nursing and the nursing profession as a world-wide question has been dis- cussed by the Cannes Conference, and the great body of American trained nurses, the American Red Cross, and America generally may be glad of Miss Stimson's presence there. Miss Stimson graduated from Vas– sar College in 1901, and for a time intended to study medicine. Later she resolved to take up nursing and in 1904 entered the New York Hos- pital Training School for Nurses. In 1911 she was called from her position as superintendent of Harlem Hos- pital, New York, to take charge of nursing and social service at Washing- ton University, St. Louis. While serving as superintendent of nurses giving expert dental treatment to the peasants. and head of the training school for nurses at Barnes Hospital, Washing- ton University, and before the United States entered the great war, Miss Stimson joined an American hospital unit, and sailed for Europe in May, 1917. She served in Great Britain for ten months and was transferred to the Service of the American Red Cross in April, 1918. In recognition of her overseas service Washington University, St. Louis, has conferred on Miss Stim- son the degree of master of arts. Miss Stimson is a native of Worces- ter, Mass., and her parents are the Rev. and Mrs. Henry A. Stimson, of New York. Stay Typhus ; Avert Famine (Continued from page 1) In the southern part of the country the Red Cross has distributed during the last few months nearly 1,500,000 pounds of relief supplies which have Saved thousands of persons from star- vation. º Every Serbian hospital has received some help from the Annerican American dentists are poor. American farming implements and seeds are being distributed to the Dispensaries, disinfectors and bakeries have been established. Col. Edward Capps, of Princeton, N. J., commissioner for Greece, pre- sented a report at the Saloniki meet- ing showing that since the armistice more than 50,000 Greek and Serbian refugees have been helped by the American Red Cross; that through the intervention of Red Cross doctors and nurses the typhus epidemic in Mace- donia has been stamped out; that the Red Cross artificial limb factory at Athens has furnished artificial legs to hitndreds of crippled Greek sol- diers: that the destitute population of Mitylene and other Greek islands has heen provided with food, clothing and medical care; that American nurses are teaching Greek mothers how to care for their children, and thaf an agricultural park is affording Greek farmers education in American methods of farming. k . Other reports made at the meeting showed the broad measures of relief undertaken by the American Red Cross in Roumania, Montenegro, Al- bania and Bosnia, and the gratifying results obtained. ** With the assistance of the Ameri- can Red Cross, the Women's Society of Belgrade has opened a free sewing . school in Belgrade. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 Chautauqua Nurses Fifteen Red Cross nurses who have been assigned to Chautauqua circuits during the coming summer, met at National Red Cross Headquarters May 15–17 to receive preliminary in- structions regarding the Red Cross peace message which they will deliver while on the Chautauqua platform. Nine of the twenty-three nurses as- signed are veterans of the Chateau- Thierry-Argonne offensive. Miss Eli- nor Gregg and Miss Elizabeth Walsh have served on surgical teams and mobile units which carried their equip- ment on trucks, and which could set up a complete tent hospital of 250 beds in eighteen hours and evacuate on six hours' notice. These hospitals, Hold Preliminary Conference at Headquarters which were located within a few miles of the front lines, cared only for the “non-transportable” cases. Miss Gertrude Bowling was a mem- ber of a “shock team” which nursed the desperately wounded of the Rain- bow Division in the Argonne sector. Mrs. Pirie Beyea was stationed at Evacuation Hospital No. 6 during the Argonne-Meuse offensive, and has been cited by General Liggett “for courage and self-sacrifice in attending the sick and wounded during air raids.” Three of the nurses have been in service with the American Ambulance Hospital, which was established in 1914 through the generosity of wealthy Americans, at Neuilly, Seine et Marne. One of these nurses, Miss Mary K. Nelson, later chief nurse of the American Red Cross Hospital at Evreux, wears the ribbon of the French Academie and the French Red Cross for “three years continuous and devoted service.” Three others, Miss Bessie Baker, chief nurse of the Johns Hopkins Hospital unit; Miss Bowling and Miss Josephine Mulville are priv- ileged to wear, in addition to the three gold stripes on their arms, the gold star of the “first fifty thousand Amer- icans in France.” Twenty-three nurses have been as- signed in all, of whom six are already “on the road.” During the summer they will speak in every division of the Red Cross. % Z NURSES ASSIGNED TO CHAUTAUQUA work, WITH DEPARTMENT EXECUTIVES, AT NATIONAL, HEADQUARTERS Left to Right, First Row—Miss Isabelle Lowden, Director of Speakers’ Bureau, New York County Chapter; Miss Isabelle Byrne, chief nurse, Operating Unit No. 1, A. E. F.; Miss Clara D. Noyes, acting director, Department of Nursing; Miss Bree S. Kelly, chief nurse, Base Hospital No. 65, Brest; Miss Elizabeth G. Fox, acting director, Bureau of Public Health Nursing Service. second Row—Miss Lora Roser, Devonshire Hospital, London; Miss Mabel Fletcher, Red Cross Commission to Italy; Miss Bessie Baker, - chief nurse, Johns Hopkins Hospital Unit, Base Hospital No. 18; Miss Elizabeth Hunt, chief nurse, Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md.; Miss Gertrude Bowling, member of operating unit, B. E. F. Third Row—Miss Elizabeth Walsh, member of mobile unit, Briti Expeditionary Forces; Miss Josephine Mulville, Base Hospital No. 6, Bordeaux; Miss Ida F. Butler, organized two hospitals under A. R. C. at Lyons, France. Top Row—Miss Mary K. Nelson, chief nurse of A. R. C. Hospital, Evreux, France; Mrs. Jane T. Dahlman, Red Cross Commission to Italy; Miss Elinor Gregg, member of mobile unit, British Expeditionary Forces; Miss Edith Ambrose, A. R. C. Gas Hospital No. 6. , Miss Louise Marsh, service at Etretat, near Havres, T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TI N ENGLISH HONOR EDITH GAVELL Memorial Rites in Westminster Abbey Precede Burial at Norwich, Home of the Family England paid tribute to Edith Ca- vell, the English nurse executed by the Germans at Brussels, October 12, 1915, on May 15, when her body, en of St. John. Then came Sullivan's an- them, “Yea, Though I Walk Through the Valley of the Shadow of Death,” and “I Heard a Voice From Heaven.” The Litany, the Lord’s Prayer and the two Collects were then repeated, followed by the hymn, “Abide with Me.” The benediction was then pro- nounced and the -“Last Post” and “Reveille” were sounded. The service, which began at noon, lasted half an hour. The procession - - º º - 3×3 N § N Nº. N º THREE APPLICANTS FOR RELIEF AT A. R. C. WAREHOUSE AT SKOPLJE, SERBIA route from Brussels to her native city of Norwich, was taken to Westmin- ster Abbey for an impressive memor- ial service. It was a public funeral, in which it seemed every resident of the great metropolis endeavored to participate. The streets through which the cor- tege moved were congested with crowds. Every inch of standing room in the neighborhood of the abbey was occupied by a densely massed multi- tude. The congregation at the abbey in- cluded high officials of the Govern- ment, representatives of foreign coun- tries and men prominent in many walks of life. King George was rep- resented by the Earl of Athlone, brother of Queen Mary. The service was conducted by the dean of Westminster. No address was delivered. The opening sentences of the burial service were sung by the choir, which then sang the Twenty- third Psalm, which was followed by a short lesson from the Revelations | & º º … º % º º N left the abbey to the strains of Chop- in’s Funeral March and proceeded to the station, where the coffin of plain oak was placed on the train for Nor- wich. On the coffin was the simple inscription: Edith Cavell, Born Dec. 4, 1865, Died October 12, 1915. At Norwich it was placed on a gun carriage and was taken to Norwich Cathedral. The service, which was officially designated “for the funeral of Edith Cavell, a nurse who gave her life for her countrymen,” followed. As the coffin was taken into the ca- thedral, the hymn “Now the Labor- er's Task Is O'er” was sung, and was followed by the reading of the lesson, I Peter, ii:19, by Canon Dechair. Then came the anthem “I Know That My Redeemer Liveth,” and Chopin's Fu- neral March. While the hymn “A Brief Life Is Here Our Portion” was being sung the procession formed for the march to the graveside. There the latter portion of the burial service was con- ducted by the bishop and the hymn “Abide With Me,” which Miss Cavell repeated shortly before her execution by the Germans, was sung. The ben- ediction was then pronounced and the bugle sounded the “Last Post.” Among the notable persons at the services at Westminster Abbey were the Queen Mother Alexandra, Prin- cess Victoria, the American Ambas- sador and Mrs. John W. Davis, Sec- retary and Mrs. Lansing and many American officers. - - º & MOUNT ZION ORPHANAGE, Now conDUCTED BY THE JUNIon AMERICAN RED CROSS T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MILITARY HONORS AT FUNERAL Letter from Savenay Gives Details of Services Over Remains of Jane A. Delano The following account of the fu- neral of Miss Jane A. Delano, at Savenay, France, has been received from Miss Edna Foley: “Miss Delano had a small room on the ground floor of the nurses’ bar- racks, just next to the nurses’ sitting room, which was made into a com- pletely-equipped operating theater. The casket, covered by a large Ameri- can flag, and guarded by six nurses, was borne by enlisted men to the Red Cross auditorium at 8 o’clock Good Friday morning, and placed directly in front of the stage, surrounded by quantities of flowers from the nurses of the various units and from Paris. The large hall was filled with nurses and soldiers by 9 o'clock. Chaplain Gilbert Miller, of the 39th Engineers, read the Episcopal service and gave a very brief address to the nurses, one phrase of which was particularly ap- propriate—‘Her life is an inspiration, and if you continue such service in her name and spirit, only the mathematics of Eternity can measure the extent of its usefulness.” “After the address the casket was borne by soldiers to a flag-covered caisson. Soldiers lining the road pre- sented arms as it was borne to the gun- carriage, and the procession formed immediately behind the band of the 39th Engineers—the military escort; the honorary pall-bearers who were Col. Webb E. Cooper, of Nashville, Tenn., the commanding officer of the hospital center at Savenay; Lieut. Col. John S. Coulter, of Philadelphia, executive officer of Savenay; Lieut. Col. Alexander E. Begg, commanding officer of Base Hospital, No. 88, and Lieut. Col. Edward Napier, sanitary officer of Savenay, and then the nurses, of whom there were over 500, marched by units, each led by its chief 11111 Se. “The line of march was up the road through the grounds, past the main hospital buildings, and over a slight incline to the mortuary. The band played Chopin's March, and as the long procession moved slowly by, every man in khaki—and there were hundreds of them—stood at attention as the caisson passed. Small French boys in their black school pinafores doffed their caps and stood at salute; a French officer did likewise, and a poilu put down his heavy bundle, before he came up to attention. The flag be- fore the main building was at half- - - N § OFFICERS’ RECREATION ROOM AT KEHORRE HOSPITAL, BREST, OPERATED BY AMERICAN RED CROSS mast, and beneath it, in the gateways, and crowding the windows, were the wounded soldiers and convalescent patients. “Soldiers will guard the mortuary until we hear from General Pershing about bringing the body to America. Of course, you will have many me- morial services at home, but none can be more beautiful, nor more reverent, than that at Savenay. The bright sun- shine, the white and blue sky, the soft green of the trees, the trim gardens and walled orchards of Brittainy, with here and there a short, lazily-turning windmill, and the brown, freshly- ploughed fields seemed so appropriate a part of our last tribute to a great American nurse.” Red Cross Work at Tomsk (Continued from page 2) among the hordes of refugees; and the Red Cross has arranged to take over the hospital, with the Russian doctors and nurses remaining, Ameri- can doctors to come in, and the hos- pital to be operated on a cooperative basis. All of the Red Cross work focuses on the point of providing immediate relief to meet the emergency until the refugees can become self-supporting. Employment is difficult to obtain. The Red Cross is developing plans to pro- vide employment for the women and to get the children to school. It ex- pects that when spring comes, a large proportion of the men now idle can find work either on the farms or with the Trans-Siberian railroad and its shops. Tomsk has several factories, but owing to the breakdown in rail- way transportation, many are closed. Red Cross work will expand sub- stantially in Tomsk this spring. Ad- ditional workers will be stationed there and a corps of American doc- tors will take over the hospitals. By early summer, if their home lands in European Russia are cleared of Bol- shevists, thousands of refugees will be leaving to recross the Ural moun- tains and go back to their farms and occupations—if any are left. There is every hope that the conditions next winter will show a great improvement and that there will be no recurrence of the emergencies of the last few months. Mr. Davison Returning Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Board of Governors of the League of Red Cross Societies, has left Paris for the United States. He will re- turn to France after attending to im- portant matters connected with the league organization on this side of the water. Otis H. Cutler, who organized the Insular and Foreign Division of the American Red Cross and recently has been rendering important special service in Europe, has been appointed acting chairman of the League Board of Governors, to serve during the ab- sence of Mr. Davison from Paris. - The American Red Cross will as- sist in the reestablishment of the Uni- versity of Belgrade. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AMERICANS AT WINCHESTER American Red Cross Canteen Club Is Boon to Uncle Sam's Boys in Demobilization Camp On April 1 the United States Army formally evacuated its biggest camp in England—that at Morn Hill, near Winchester. The entire camp is now taken over by the British Army, but it is still of peculiar interest to Amer- icans, for there, where was the first mobilization center for troops land- ing from the transports, is now the great demobilization center for the 15,000 Americans who have been serv- ing in the British Army. Some of these men joined the Cana- dian Army at the opening of the war in 1914 and were sent overseas with the early contingents. Others crossed the Canadian border later for the pur- pose of enlisting, and still others went over to England and enlisted in that country. All of these men, with the exception of those who have elected to return to Canada with their origi- nal units, will pass through the demo- bilization center at Morn Hill on their way to America. In appearance, the men are the typi- cal British Tommy, wearing the Brit- ish uniform, and with a very un- American haircut; but the love of their native land is stronger even than their accent, and no refugee immigrant will be more overjoyed to see the Statue of Liberty than will these returning heroes. The men, on declaring their Ameri- can nationality, are sent to Morn Hill, and there they wait until their claim is proved and their demobilization papers are made out, and until a trans- port is ready to take them home. Their claims are examined for the United States Government by Lieu- tenant Kane, of Hartford, Conn., for- merly of the American embassy. One of his duti is to issue to each cer- tified American a card of membership in the new American Red Cross Can- teen Club which is the center of American life in the big demobiliza- tion camp. The idea of the Canteen Club came to the American Red Cross when it was realized that a man might be de- tained at the demobilization camp for two months awaiting transportation home, and that it would be six or eight months before the last American arrived there from the distant Brit- ish units in India, Egypt, Russia or Mesopotamia. The club house is a large building, 150 feet by 50 feet, hitherto used as a storehouse for re- serve Red Cross medical supplies. Refitted and furnished as a club house, it is under the direction of Miss Lilian Baldwin, of Lakewood, N.J., who was for many months in charge of Red Cross Canteen work at the American Base Hospital in Dartford, England. Much of the work of transforming the big building into a most comfort- able club house was done by the men themselves, who flocked in by hun- dreds as soon as the doors were opened. There was keen competition among the men to be detailed for the duty of helping Miss Baldwin in her preparations. Linoleum was laid, desks, tables and bookshelves were installed and an excellent library of English and American literature was arranged. Best of all, two tall flag- staffs flying the Stars and Stripes and the Red Cross flag were set up in front of the building. The Canteen Club is now very com- fortable with its 125 easy chairs, two pianos, pianola, writing tables, and library tables so well supplied with American papers that every man may find one from his home district. Chess, checkers and dominoes are great favorites with the men, while on the lawns outside there is room for baseball practice in good weather. The main club room is so large that the boys have proposed to get Miss Baldwin a pair of roller skates to get over it; but it is none too large for the crowds who visit it daily. The club opened with 800 American mem- § | ºn § s N § bers. As each is allowed to bring an English friend with him, this means for the present a visiting list of 1,600 men. The number will, of course, fluctuate, as the transports are filled and sent away. Miss Baldwin has a staff of eight helpers and about a dozen “orderlies” assigned to this duty by the comman- der of the camp. The Canteen is open daily from 10:30 a. m. Sunday is a special “Homey” day with a program of special American dishes at the Canteen counter, including pies, cakes, doughnuts and cookies. The British officer in command of the camp, General McPherson, has al- ready spoken in high praise of the Canteen, and the men are even more outspoken in its praises. “This is the first bit of America I’ve struck since I left home in 1914,” said a wondering newcomer as he sat down. “Yes, and it seems like old times to see American women about - even if they are in uniform,” answered his neighbor, still a young- ster, but wearing on his sleeve, as several other men are wearing, the red chevron for active service in 1914. The club is indeed a “Home” to these men, who have fought side by side with strangers during four and a half years of war. They appreciate greatly the opportunity to have close at hand in their British camp a com- fortable club under their own flag, where they can write letters, read their home-town papers, and “gossip.” § THREE SALONIKI. FAMILIES LIVE IN THE RUINS OF THIS HOUSE S 75 g” AL LIBRA*A. the Red J 1 11919 O Cross Builetin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 2, 1919 No. 23 MR. DAVISON DISCUSSES RED CROSS LEAGUE Returns to America. After Five Months Spent in Starting the Great Work for Peace-Time Welfare of the World Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Board of Governors of the League of Red Cross Societies, in an interview immediately after his arrival in New York from Europe, on the steamship Leviathan, added many details to the information already at hand regard- ing the purposes of the League and the work of the Cannes Conference which inaugurated & º plans for fighting disease throughout the world. “The League of Red Cross Societies is now a reality,” said Mr. Davison, “officially recog- nized by the prin- cipal powers, and with its objects ap- proved in article twenty-five of the Covenant of the League of Nations. The headquarters of the League of Red Cross Socie- ties are now being established at Ge- neva. Articles of association of the league were signed in Paris on May 5 by the authorized representatives of Red Cross Societies of America, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan, and these representatives form the present Board of Governors. The board will consist eventually of not more than fifteen members. Invitations to join the league have been issued to Red Cross societies of the following coun- tries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chili, China, Cuba, Denmark, Greece, Holland, India, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Roumania, Serbia, South Africa, º: - Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay and Venezuela. “It is expected that eventually the league will include the Red Cross so- cieties of all nations of the world. “As set forth in the article of asso- ciation, the objects of the League of Red Cross Societies are: ; : º: RED CROSS WORKERS, PARIS “1. To encourage and promote in every country in the world the estab- lishment and development of dº..y au- thorized voluntary National Red Cross organizations, having as their purposes the improvement of health, prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering throughout the world and to secure the cooperation of such organizations for these purposes. “2. To promote the welfare of man- kind by furnishing the medium for bringing within reach of all people the benefits to be derived from present º HOARD OF GOVERNORS, LEAGUE OF RED CROSS SOCIETIES, WITH AMERICAN Left to right (sitting)–Sir David Henderson, Otis Cutler, Professor Ninagawa (Japan), Sir Arthur Stanley, Henry P. Davison, Count Frascara (Italy), Count de Kergolay (France), Mrs. Helen Draper. (Standing) — A. B. Lacy, Trubee Davison, Col. Richard Strong, R. E. Olds, Lieut. Col. George Murname, Chandler A. Anderson, Henry Mor- genthau, Eliot Wadsworth, Foster Rockwell, Dr. Stockton Axson, Maj. Wm. Hereford. known facts and new contributions to science and medical knowledge and their application. “3. To furnish the medium for co- ordinating relief work in case of great national or international calamities. “In article twenty-five of the Cove- nant of the League of Nations, these objects are approved in the following terms: “Members of the league agree to encourage and promote the estab- lishment and cooperation of duly au- thorized voluntary National Red Cross organizations have ing as their pur- poses the improve- ment of health, prevention of dis- ease, and mitiga- tion of suffering throughout the world.” “While the rela- tions of the League of Red Cross So- cieties with the League of Nations will be intimate, there will be no statutory connec- tion, as the League of Red Cross So- cieties is a volun- tary organization, non-political, non- governmental, and non-sectarian. “It seemed a pity to allow the splen- did war machine into which our Red Cross organiza- tions had developed to be demobilized after the armistice. In the effort to find something into which the Red Cross energy could be turned for peace-time purposes this scheme was hit upon, and five months ago I went to Europe to consult the British, French, and Italian governments. They approved and the conference at Cannes followed. “This movement to continue and en- large in time of peace Red Cross ac- tivities comes at a psychological mo- 2 T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ment when the world is familiar with the work of relief performed by the Red Cross during the greatest war of history and when suffering and dis- tress following in the wake of that war are well nigh universal. The need of that work was never greater and the forces to perform the services were never so well marshalled as at present because of the necessity due to War. “Child welfare, the protection of the men and women of tomorrow, is the most important task before the world today. It will occupy a large share of the league's attention. “When I think of this league I do not think of America, or England or Italy. I think of Africa and South America; the Far East and the Near East. Consider what such an agency could have done to fight influenza in the last year. How many of the five hundred thousand lives America lost in sixteen months from this disease could have been saved by preventive measures? “Distress in the world today is frightful. Americans with any con- science at all could not sleep if they had a realization of the real conditions in Russia and the Balkans. Distress, pestilence, starvation are decimating these peoples. Before I left Europe we had a report of 275,000 typhus cases on the line from the Baltic to the Black Sea. The people had been lowered in vitality; they had no clothes. Imagine the situation that exists when men have taken our Red Cross surgical dressings to wind around their legs as trousers. “Now, no one volunteer organiza- tion can meet this situation. Govern- ments will have to do the major part and the volunteer work must sup- plement. Nothing is so practical and feasible as to call on the peoples of the world to cooperate in this league of humanitarian societies. It is not a matter of sentiment; it is a matter of necessity. It must be done. If the people of the world have no food they haven’t it, that's all; and it must be got for them, if they are to survive. “Vast as is the scope of the pro- gram of the League of Red Cross So- cieties, and although it is world-wide in its application, it is simple, practical and scientific. It received the unani- mous endorsement of the medical ex- perts who met at Cannes, France, in April. That conference, which was presided over by Professor Roux, suc- cessor of Pasteur, and Dr. William H. Welch, of Johns Hopkins, is regarded as one of the most remarkable gather- ings of health experts ever held, and included many of the foremost men of America, France, England, Italy and Japan. N SIR DAVID HENDERSON, Director-General, League of Red Cross Societies “These experts adopted at the con- ference minutes announcing that a great part of the world-wide preva- lence of disease and suffering is due to wide-spread ignorance and lack of application of well-established facts and methods capable either of largely º N restricting disease or preventing it. Altogether, the minutes go on to as- sert, we have carefully considered the general purposes of the Committee of Red Cross Societies to spread light of science and warmth of human Sym- pathy into every corner of the world, and we are confident that this move- ment, assured as it is at the outset of moral support of civilization, has in it great possibilities of adding im- measurably to the happiness and wel- fare of mankind. This statement rep- resents the judgment of men who are qualified to speak with highest author- ity of the great scourges of humanity, such as tuberculosis, malaria, venereal diseases, and epidemics; men who are authorities on preventive medicine and who present the knowledge of the world in the great field of child wel- fare. It is their belief, based upon cer- tain scientific knowledge acquired by practical experience, that the number of these great scourges can be con- trolled or even eliminated by organized coordinated effort and cooperation, and they say regarding plans that they should at the earliest possible moment be put into effect and placed at the disposal of the world; and in no way can the tests be done so effectively as through the agency of the Red Cross. “The League of Red Cross Societies plans, through its headquarters at Ge- neva, to stimulate peace-time activi- ties of all National Red Cross So- cieties, to help them to grow and to help them to carry out the program made at the Cannes conference in a world-wide public health campaign. It is to be understood that it is not thought that National Red Cross So- cieties themselves should have the re- (Continued on page 8) A. R. C. AMBULANCE SURROUNDED BY REINDEER, ARCHANGEL T H E 3. R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AIDS AMERICANS IN BERLIN United States Civilians in Germany During the War Receive Much Needed Food Supplies Besides carrying on its principal work for relief of Russian prisoners in Ger- many, the American Red Cross has also brought relief to American citi- zens who have been detained in Berlin since the United States declared war. To supplement the scanty government ration on which it would be practically impossible for them to live, the Amer- ican Red Cross has supplied Ameri- cans there with certain needed articles of food. Most Americans in Berlin are able and willing to pay the Red Cross for their food boxes, but in need cases, especially where there are chil- dren in the family, the food has been supplied free. Many of the Americans left in Ber- lin are women and children. Others are music and art students, and there is a sprinkling of business men whose affairs in Germany prevented them from getting back to the United States before our entrance into the war. All were under close military supervision during the war. The Americans have been subject to the same ration regulations as the German civilian population, but they have been unable to add to their food supplies from the open market as do most of the Germans. In fact, it is said that if it were not for “friends in the country” who surreptitiously send in hams and sacks of potatoes to the hun- gry Berliners, it would be impossible for them to live on the scanty govern- ment ration, which allows 180 grams INTERIOR OF A. R. C. HEADQUARTERS AT ARCHANGEL | º % AN ARCHANGEL VISTA of meat a week and 330 grams of bread daily. Six hundred grams of broad, of which 300 grams are fur- nished by the Allies, is the allowance to Russian prisoners in Germany. Additional food supplies can be bought in Berlin, but only at exorbi- tant prices. Tea costs about sixty marks a pound, and one egg will al- ways bring from 1 m. 30 to 1 m, 60, depending on its age. Bacon, the be- loved “Speck” of the German haus- frau, cannot be had. Milk, too, is a thing almost unknown in Berlin, as in all the larger German cities. The announcement that the Amer- ican Red Cross would supply ma- rooned American citizens in Berlin with certain articles of food came as § § a great relief to them. Upon produc- ing satisfactory evidence of American citizenship they were supplied with a box of food supplies consisting of the following articles: cof- fee, tea, sugar, beans, dried fruits, canned tomatoes, condensed milk, sal- mon, and so on. The price of this box of food was placed at 50 marks, which was less than its cost. To May 1, about 200 boxes had been sold to American citizens and it was estimated that there were perhaps fifty more Americans there who had not yet applied for relief. Miss Gardner Resigns Miss Mary S. Gardner, who has been acting as chief nurse of the Red Cross Commission on Tuberculosis to Italy, has resigned as director of the Bureau of Public Health Nursing of the American National Red Cross. Miss Edna Foley, superintendent of the Visiting Nurse Association, Chi- cago, has relieved Miss Gardner in Italy. Miss Elizabeth G. Fox, asso- ciate director of the Bureau of Public Health Nursing, has been acting di- rector in the absence of Miss Gardner from National Headquarters. Heads Overseas Nursing Forces Miss Alice Fitzgerald, formerly of New York and Boston, has been ap- pointed chief nurse of the American Red Cross forces overseas. Miss Fitz- gerald, who has been in charge of Red Cross nurses and nurses' aids assigned to French military hospitals, succeeds Miss Carrie Hall, of Boston. She is a graduate of Johns Hopkins Hospital Training School for Nurses and has had three years' service in France and Belgium. - 4 THE RE D C Ross B U L LET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FoREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President JoBIN SKEL'ron WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 2, 1919 The New Age World-stirring events crowd each other with astonishing rapidity these days; and wonders never cease. The fantasy of today is the reality of to- morrow. The power of human ac- complishment is boundless. Within the week we have seen the conquest of the air—an event her- alded as epochal, as that of the ad- venturer who sailed into the unknown more than four centuries ago and dis- covered the New World. It is the genius of the New World which now has linked the hemispheres in the time which it takes the rays of the sun to girdle the earth. The whole spirit of present-day achievement is a broader world-vision. The terrible war through which we have just passed has its compensa- tion in the better understanding and sympathy of the nations of the earth, one with the other. The same science which, during the war, created en- gines and elements of destruction un- paralleled, gave to humanity the power to refashion and rehabilitate the wrecks of its own creation. One, the destructive achievement, may—it is hoped will—be useless in the era that is dawning; the other will serve its beneficent purpose throughout the reign of mankind. May not the still later—the spec- tacular accomplishments which are thrilling the world at this writing— be accepted as symbolic of the broader vision which contemplates the prog- ress and the betterment of mankind on a world basis? More prosaic, per- haps, than the winging of the Oceans in aeroplanes is the spreading over the globe of truths and action that will diminish and possibly eliminate the ravages of disease and reduce human suffering from all causes to the mini- mum. But this, too, once would have appeared chimerical. Now it looms strongly practical under the guidon of the Red Cross. The inspiration of the thrilling pres- ent must be utilized to the full still further to express the progress of the world and the betterment of humanity. America and the Red Cross League The interview with Henry P. Davi- son, chairman of the Board of Gov- ernors of the League of Red Cross Societies, given on his return from Europe and printed on another page of THE BULLETIN, emphasizes the importance of America’s interest in the Red Cross work which lies di- rectly ahead. Lest we forget, Mr. Davison brings home with him a reminder of the suf- fering abroad as it is daily thrust upon the attention of those who are in close touch with the countries and the peo- ples directly afflicted by the horrors of war and the after-effects of war. Distress in the world today is fright- ful, he reminds us; and his declaration that Americans with any conscience would not sleep if they had a realiza- tion of the real conditions in Russia and the Balkans is merely the reflec- tion of the sympathy which any Amer- ican would feel who had been in his place, with his means of observation and an ear open to the stories which flow into the European clearing house of Red Cross information. Happily the relief agencies in the countries of western Europe are able to give all needed assistance to their governments in meeting the conditions that exist there, now that the main- tenance of the military establishments is no longer of first moment. In con- sequence the war work of the Ameri- can Red Cross in those countries is --- *s being brought to a close, except as it pertains to the welfare of American troops still on duty abroad. But it is far different in the countries of east- ern Europe. There the governments are themselves in more or less chaotic condition and there is absolutely no national volunteer organization to carry on relief work. And the distress to be relieved is simply indescribable. The imperative humanitarian duty of the American Red Cross, with its ready Organization and its release from fields where it has been operat- ing during the war period, is to give attention to the unfortunate peoples who are governmentally and other- wise incapacitated from helping them- selves. This is the duty of the imme- diate future. Naturally, also, the American Red Cross is expected to take a leading part in the work of the newly created League of Red Cross Societies, which looks to coordination of Red Cross relief work in all countries in peace times, and plans campaigns to im- prove the general health conditions of the world. What the American Red Cross has been able to do in the tu- multuous years just past is an augury of the power of world-wide Red Cross endeavor when its influence is injected into it. As Mr. Davison explains, the program of the League is simple, prac- tical and scientific. The information contained in his interview may be splendidly utilized by Red Cross chap- ter workers in spreading broadcast a thorough understanding of the League's plans and purposes. Archangel Withdrawal of the American forces from Archangel is under way, ac- cording to officially authorized state- ments in the public press. The evacu- ation of our troops from that point will automatically terminate the work which the American Red Cross has been carrying on there. This work has had a great value to the soldiers and has been repeatedly praised by officers in command. It has been rendered particularly difficult by reason of cli- matic conditions. Several pictures just received from the special Red Cross Commission to Archangel, printed in this issue of THE BULLE- TIN, help to give an insight into the interesting work now drawing to a close. - T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MRS. WILSON'S INTEREST IN SOLDIERS Spends Much of Her Time in Paris Visiting Scenes of Red Cross Activity and Personally Greeting Boys on Leave (Special Correspondence) Paris, May 15–While President Wilson is busy at his Peace Confer- ence labors, Mrs. Wilson is taking an untiring interest in the welfare and comfort of the American soldiers now obtaining leave in Paris at the rate of 3,000 a day. She is devoting all her spare time to visiting the work of the welfare organization in the city. All her trips are marked by an informality and lack of ceremony. Thousands of doughboys have had the unexpected pleasure of meeting the President's wife personally, as she insists on hold- ing an informal reception for the men wherever she goes. And in the hun- dreds of camps in France, there are thousands of doughboys who, in re- counting incidents of their Paris leave to their comrades, have said: “And say, what do you think? I met the President’s wife, personally.” Two of her most interesting trips recently were made to the American Expeditionary Forces Students’ Club in the Latin Quarter and the huge tent city for American permissionaires on the famous Camps de Mars in the shadow of Eiffel Tower. Both are institutions established by the Amer- ican Red Cross. SHAKES HANDS WITH ALL At the latter place occurred a typi- cal incident which makes Mrs. Wil- son's visit such a treat to the Ameri- can soldiers. After an hour's tour, she was escorted to her automobile. As she neared it she saw several hun- dred soldiers and sailors standing re- spectfully at attention. She turned impulsively to the es- corting Red Cross officer and said: “I would like to meet these boys. Please arrange it.” A scared, embarrassed look, suc- ceeded in a twinkle by a smile of de- light, came into the faces of the men nearby, who had overheard her. Off came their hats and they formed in line. To the astonishment of many passing French civilians, Mrs. Wilson took up a position on the sidewalk near her automobile and shook each man by the hand as he filed past. The word spread through the big canvas dormitory. Out piled scores of dough- boys, who gave a hasty brush to their hair, a smoothing pat to their uni- forms and joined the reception line. It will be some time before I’ll for- get an incident that occurred during that particular reception. A colored bakeries. doughboy was standing by himself on the outskirts of the crowd. As the line formed he shifted from one foot to the other. He saw two other colored men join it. He edged over toward the line. He hesitated. The last of the doughboys were filing past the President’s wife. Suddenly he rushed around the edge of the crowd. The last doughboy had shaken hands. It was too late. The colored chap kicked the ground in his disappointment. And his face showed that he felt he had lost the opportunity of a lifetime. IS POPULAR WITH YANIKS Mrs. Wilson's graciousness, her simplicity and her democratic man- ner during her visits to welfare ac- tivities here have made her popular among all with whom she has come in contact. Her visits are made as un- ostentatiously as possible. She travels about in a closed car, driven by an army chauffeur, accompanied only by her secretary, Miss Benham. Her call at the Red Cross Tent City, where accommodations have been pro- vided for 1,600 American soldiers on leave, was made at 12 o'clock. She was escorted through the dining hall where a number of men were at mess and into the kitchen, redolent with savory odors and about which half a dozen Red Cross women were busy preparing food. As she stood about interested in the methods of food preparation and serv- ice, a load of fresh, warm apple pies arrived from one of the Red Cross Laughingly declaring that the tempting odor was too much for her, she insisted on trying the pastry. It won her immediate praise, as it has won the commendation of hundreds of doughboys for many weeks past. TENT CITY IS UNIQUE The Tent City is a unique place. It is situated in the heart of Paris, the Champs de Mars being a park. The fifty canvas dormitories have a history which Mrs. Wilson declared gave added interest to her visit. They were formerly used by the Red Cross as hospitals at Chateau-Thierry. They have solid board floors, are weather- proof, heated, and equipped with single beds. One of them is used as a music room and dance hall, the soldiers be- ing entertained with dances several nights a week. Several others are used as recreation tents, furnished with easy chairs, writing desks and phonographs, with always a good Sup- ply of cigarettes available. Another has adequate shower-bath equipment. As Mrs. Wilson was emerging from one of the dormitories she was met by a delegation of French civilians, mostly demobilized soldiers employed by the Red Cross about the place. One of the men with an armless sleeve stepped forward and presented a bou- quet of flowers, tied with the French national colors. It was presented in a manner of which only the French are capable. If it had been a gift of priceless jewels it could have been no more impressive. Its simplicity made it so. } TOUCHED BY COMPLIMENT Thanking the assembled French people in a manner that left no doubt as to her delight, Mrs. Wilson cradled the flowers in her arm and carried them so throughout the rest of her visit, even during her reception to the American soldiers and sailors. At the Students’ Club, which was the gift of the Paris Chapter of the American Red Cross, to the men and officers of our expeditionary forces, the President's wife greeted person- ally more than 400 Americans in uni- form. They formed a line at the en- trance to the club and saluted as she arrived. The old French mansion, renovated and redecorated and furnished to give a homelike meeting place for the American Army students, was much admired by Mrs. Wilson. The sun porch where tea is served and dances held, and the fine old gardens add not a little to the pleasant atmosphere of the place. During Mrs. Wilson's visit a stu- dents’ orchestra furnished music while the President’s wife smiled and chat- ted with the Red Cross workers and Uncle Sam's doughboys. As she left a large group gathered at the door. Three rousing cheers, the impromptu- ness of which testified to their sin- cerity, was the send-off they gave her. She turned in the car and waved, the men waving back enthusiastically. Like Mrs. Wilson's calls at other places established in Paris to adminis- ter to the welfare and comfort of American soldiers, her visits will long be the topic of conversation whenever the doughboys gather. The American Red Cross has helped the local Boy Scout organization in Belgrade. - T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE BY CONSTANCE WAGONER If those in America who mourn their soldier dead and in the depth of their grief long for the small comfort that lies in knowing that “at least he sleeps in his native land,” could, through the agency of some white magic, be transported for a moment to those far battlefields and look down on the places where flowers are show- ing white and pale gold in the new grass and birds are twittering, they would be deeply soothed and all desire to disturb the quiet sleepers would vanish in the realization of their utter peace amid the hush of the silent battle places where they fought and died. - There is a quiet spot near Rouen, on a high plateau overlooking the Seine valley, green-gold in its new dress. Here lie hundreds of Ameri- can and allied dead. Here and there are handsome white monuments to certain groups among the simple crosses that mark each grave, and the º: -º-º: º GRAVES OF AMERICAN mounds are growing green under the coaxing sunshine. Soon pink-tipped white daises will star the grass and delicate blue-bells will nod in the wind. Does your boy lie there? No fairer resting place than the gentle breast of France today! All the grading and planting in this sacred spot has been done by a band of young English women, who have made the care of this cemetery their special work and they have expended as many moments of loving care on your boy's grave, on the graves of all the American lads who sleep there, as they have on the resting places of their own countrymen. The American officers and enlisted men have a special section apart from the soldiers of the Allies, and the graves of all except those of the Jewish boys are marked with a cross bearing the name and rank and the cause, place, and date of death. Care- ful record is kept in the cemetery books and each grave is numbered. ill t * SOLDIERS AT ARCHANGEL This is but one of the many lovely cemeteries of France. But let our white magic carry us a little further. There is another ceme- tery. It is called “friedhof,” the “place of peace,” and peace and quietude enough there is, here in the enemy land, on this quiet, grassy knoll near what used to be the prison camp of Doberitz, Brandenburg. From its rolling slopes, one looks in one direc- tion towards dark woodlands and in tº : Ž the other along the white road wind- ing to the village, through green meadows and waving fields of corn. A vagrant breeze stirs the trees and grasses. Noisy birds frolic through the air. Many British prisoners of war lie buried here. Among them is a Scotsman, a “Glasgie mon.” His grave is green with wild vines and the skeleton of a rusty wreath still clings to the wooden cross that has been pushed askew by the wind, but the name thereon is still decipherable –“Andrew McDonald – the Black º Watch 1916’—and the tale runs that the German chaplain who read the burial service was once pas- tor of the church in Glasgow that the Scotch soldier attended, and was much moved by the discovery thereof and is said to have wept as he read the Nine- teenth Psalm over the body of his old parishioner. Honored by French Government In recognition of American Red Cross services, the French Govern- ment has entered decrees conferring Legion of Honor distinction on twelve officers of the organization. The grade of Officer in the Legion was con- ferred on the following: Harvey D. Gibson, New York; Robert E. Olds, St. Paul, Minn.; George H. Burr, New York; H. O. Beatty, California; Carl Taylor, New York, and Ernest P. Bicknell, Wash- ington, D. C. The decree of Chevalier was con- ferred on the following: Homer Folks, New York; C. C. Bur- lingame, Manchester, Conn.; Knowl- ton Mixer, Buffalo; Frederick L. Emerson, Auburn, N. Y.; J. B. A. Fosburgh, New York, and Alexan- der Smith, Chicago. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THANKS BRITISH RAILROADS Enthusiastic Cooperation Expedited . Shipments of $15,000,000 in Red Cross Supplies The annual report of the director of supplies of the American Red Cross in Great Britain, which has just been made public, pays an enthusiastic tribute to the war-time cooperation of the British railroads, the Port of Lon- don Authority, and the British Cus- toms officials. The report, after stating that the total value of supplies handled by the American Red Cross during the pe— riod of the war was about £3,000,000 ($15,000,000), says: “To the railroads of Great Britain, the American Red Cross owes a great debt of thanks, for, notwithstanding their depleted staff and the terrific strain upon their roads, they always gave ample space and careful atten- tion to our Red Cross supplies. When the railroads were laying down em- bargoes for weeks at a time on all classes of material except war sup- plies, they never refused our ship- ments. Moreover, they even quoted special rates which permitted the ship- ment of Red Cross supplies at half the usual rates. The unloading of Red Cross trucks always received pref- erential treatment, and every possible courtesy was shown by the staffs of the railways. “For incoming stores from the United States, the Port of London Authority granted all its dock priv- ileges free of charge, and every pos- sible accommodation was granted, even when the docks were greatly pressed for space. - “The English Customs also gave unusual privileges to the American Red Cross. No duty was charged on tobacco, cigarettes, chocolate and other supplies of a dutiable nature which were brought into the country for hospital and canteen distribution. The facilities given us for shipping goods in bond were very exceptional, and the customs people had a broad-minded way of looking at the constantly changing condition of war time, which enabled us to operate our bonded stores without the slightest trouble or friction. “It is also necessary to pay a tribute to the British employes of our sup- plies department for the excellent spirit in which they worked. When emergencies arose, as they often did, and demands were made upon the workers to carry on night and day, they always did so most willingly. It is with great pride that we close our % | A. R. C. COMMISSION TO POLAND, AT WARSAW, BEFORE BREAKING INTO UNITS TO ATTACK THE "I"YPHUS EPIDEMIC stores with almost the same staff of employees as we had when they were opened. Throughout the work, there has been a harmony of operation which has made the accomplishment of our task easy and enjoyable.” A. R. C. Woman’s Club Has Birthday The American Red Cross Woman’s Club, of Washington, completed the first year of its existence on June 1. On that date, 1918, the club house, at 2009 N Street, N. W., was formally opened. At the request of the War Council the club later took over the administration of three additional houses. During the past twelve months the club has housed as many as ninety girls and averaged fifteen to twenty transients a month. On July 19 last the dining room was opened, and now has a seating capacity of 125. Monthly rates to the club members are $15 a month for lodging and $25 a month for board. Besides providing living ac- commodations, the club has served as a recreation center for all its members. In view of its great success the club has decided to retain the present club house for several months. The other houses will be kept open as long as they are needed. The semi-annual election of officers will be held in a general meeting of members at the club house, Wednesday evening, June 4. The Red Cross has given over the sanatorium at Yerres (Seine et Oise) for the use of convalescent French soldiers. Tents for Earthquake Sufferers On May 1 the American Red Cross received from the Secretary of State a copy of a cablegram from the Amer- ican minister at San Salvador, report- ing the occurrence of a severe earth- quake in that city on April 28, and transmitting a request from the presi- dent of the Salvadorian Red Cross to the American Red Cross for 200 tents to shelter persons made homeless by the disaster. The American Red Cross cabled at once to the American minister at Guatemala City, authorizing him to obtain there, if possible, the tents re- quired and ship same to the American minister at San Salvador. This was done with the idea that there might be now at Guatemala City a sufficient number of tents available from those that were used by the American Red Cross at the time of the earthquake which practically demolished that city. It was ascertained, however, that the tents which are now there are in no condition for further use. Upon receipt of this information a success- ful effort was made to obtain the tents on the Canal Zone, through the Canal Zone Red Cross Chapter, of which Samuel W. Heald is chairman. The earliest shipping facilities, how- ever, were not available until May 30, and the tents will be about five days en route to San Salvador. The reports indicated about forty deaths and many injured. There was also very extensive destruction of property. No Americans were killed. The American Legation was damaged, but is still standing. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Home Service Workers in Conference Nearly 100 field representatives of the Red Cross Division Departments of Civilian Relief were in conference at Atlantic City last week, when topics relating to all phases of home service work were discussed. The conference of field representatives lasted from May 26 to 29, inclusive, and was fol- lowed by a conference of the division directors of Civilian Relief running until June 1. Important topics, in the order of their consideration, were “The Future of Home Service,” “Organizing a Rural Community for Social Serv- ice,” “Community Surveying,” “Co- operation with Local Resources,” and “Health.” J. Byron Deacon, director- general of the Department of Civilian Relief, at the opening of the confer- ence, outlined the future program of Home Service. Professor E. L. Mor- gan, of the Massachusetts Agricul- tural College, analyzed the social prob- 1ems of rural communities and the methods by which the communities may be organized to solve them. Miss Mabel Carney, an authority on rural education, discussed the possibilities of cooperation between the Home Service section and country school teacher, and Miss Ida Cannon of the National Department of Civilian Re- lief, and Miss Elizabeth Fox, acting director of the Bureau of Public Health Nursing, indicated how Home Service may cooperate with state boards of health, county health of ficials, public health nurses, etc. The economic problems of rural communities were analyzed by Pro- fessor C. W. Thompson, of the De- partment of Agriculture, with special reference to the possibilities of co- operation with representatives of the Department of Agriculture. Modifications of family case work in rural districts were discussed by the various field representatives, and one whole day was devoted to the working out in detail of the steps to take in organizing Home Service Sec- tions for the study of their local prob- lems and for carrying on peace-time activities. CARRY ON, HOME SERVICE . By Livingston Farrand It is a distinct satisfaction to the national officers of the Red Cross that Home Service Sections, with unabated zeal and devotion, are continuing to meet demands for information and service, which soldiers, sailors and marines, and members of their families have learned to expect of us. The fact that they continue to come to us with their problems is an evidence of their confidence in the Red Cross. It is gratifying to find that Home Service workers and Chap- ter officials have no thought of terminating this patriotic service, so long as there is a demand for it. ! % - DESTITUTE PERSONS AWAITING CLOTHING AND STUPPLIES AT A. R. C. WARE- HOUSE, BELGRADE, SERBIA (Continued from page 2) sponsibilities of the actual work of safeguarding and improving public health, but that they should stimulate and encourage natural agencies for such work within their respective countries, including the departments of health of their governments, or, in cases where such departments do not exist, endeavor to create public sen- timent for the establishment of such departments. The League of Red Cross Societies supplements the work of the International Committees of the Red Cross of Geneva, acting in har- mony with it. The league in no way supersedes or absorbs or conflicts with the activities of national societies, but on the contrary puts at their disposal the latest knowledge and approved practices of experts in public health and preventive medicine throughout the world. The important and prob- ably immediate functions will be to co- ordinate relief work in combating pes- tilence such as typhus, which is now raging in Central Europe. “Actual experience has demonstrated how quick and eager are the people of all the nations to seize and act upon knowledge which means for them increased happiness. The far-reach- ing effects of the program of the League of Red Cross Societies can be measured only by the suffering existing today and which it purposes to relieve. Hand in hand with the world-wide campaign for the improve- ment of public health, goes improve- ment in living conditions, in social and economic conditions of humanity, and the union of the peoples of the world working together in a spirit of cooperation for the common protec- tion and common betterment of all. Upon this, the spirit of the Red Cross League, a spirit of service in the com- mon interest of all peoples, carried out with kindly consideration and honor- able obligation, must rest the perma- nent peace of the world. “The Director General of the League of Red Cross Societies, who will be in charge of the active work, is Lieut. Gen. Sir David Henderson, K. C. B., who from 1913 to 1918 was the director-general of Military Aero- nautics of the British Army during the European War. Sir David was promoted first to major general, and then to lieutenant general. He has received the D. S. O., also the Queen's medal and King's medal. In 1915 he was made Commander of the Legion of Honor. He has been deeply interested in the movement of the Red Cross League from the early days of its inception and brings to his new duties enthusiasm and wide experi- ence.” * S 75 Bulletin QSS A The 1919 Red c. 12 * Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 9, 1919 No. 24 DR. KEPPEL TO DIRECT FOREIGN OPERATIONS Former Third Assistant Secretary of War to Fill Important Red Cross Position Dr. Frederick Paul Keppel, of New York, who has been connected with the War Department since the United States entered the world conflict, for the last year as Third Assistant Secre- tary, has resigned from the government service and will join the executive staff of the American Red Cross on July 1. His title will be Director of Foreign Oper- ations, and he will repre- sent the Executive Com- mittee of the Red Cross in its relations to the work of the organization in foreign countries. The Central Committee is greatly pleased to have been able to obtain the Serv- ices of a man of Dr. Kep- pel’s qualifications and ex- perience to take charge of foreign operations in con- nection with the peace-time program. During the war period all foreign affairs were administered under the personal direction of members of the War Coun- cil, and the centering of the work under one executive head, subject, of course, to the action of the Executive Committee with respect to general policies, is in keep- ing with the reorganization on a peace § Harris-Ewing. basis. Dr. Keppel is one of the well- known educators of the country. He became assistant secretary of Colum- bia University in 1900, when he was 25 years of age, and two years later was chosen secretary, a position in which he made a great success. In 1910 he was elected dean of Columbia College and in that position also made a notable record. When the United States entered the war, Dr. Keppel gave up his edu- cational work to volunteer his serv- ices to the Government. He served first as assistant to the Secretary of War, and in August of last year he was appointed Third Assistant Secre- tary, having special charge of all mat- § § DR. FREDERICK P. KEPPEL ters pertaining to the social and physical well-being of the men in the Army. Since 1908 Dr. Keppel has been secretary and editor of the American Association for International Concili- ation. He was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1911. He is the author of Columbia University, 1913, and The Undergraduate and His College, 1917. ISSUES APPEAL FOR FIGHT ON TYPHUS Newly Organized Red Cross League to Meet Emergency that Threatens Europe The League of Red Cross Societies has addressed an appeal to its five founder members, the Red Cross so- cieties of Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the United States, and to the twenty-four national societies invited to become members, requesting them to be ready to participate in a campaign against the spread of typhus in eastern and southeastern Europe. In this appeal the League outlines a division of duties that has been agreed upon between the League and the Supreme Economic Council, representing the allied governments, in a plan to be submitted to the respective governments for combating the plague. The Economic Council will place at the disposal of the League surplus med- ical and hospital supplies belonging to the British and American Armies and in- sure transportation. The League will supply and maintain personnel for the administration of necessary measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic, and will employ the best medical service and advice obtainable. It is stated in the appeal that the danger of epidemic diseases spreading westward is so great that the League feels justified in calling on all Red Cross societies to do everything pos- sible at the present moment to stop it. Cholera as well as typhus is in- cluded in the menace. - The Supreme Economic Council has appointed a committee of British, § 2 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN French and Italian representatives of the League of Red Cross Societies, to prepare a definite scheme for sub- mission to the various governments. The director-general of the League has been in conference with the mem- bers of the Supreme Council regard- ing the situation and the necessity for immediate action on a large scale. Typhus is epidemic in Poland, where 100 persons are reported ac- tually down with the disease; and it also is epidemic in Hungary and other countries of southeastern Europe. It is feared that if measures to control the plague are not taken at once, it may spread to other parts of Europe next winter. The Supreme Council stands ready to give every assistance in their power. Although the League of Red Cross Societies was organized only four weeks ago, it has had under considera- tion methods for dealing with the typhus epidemic, as approved by lead- ing scientific experts of the world who met at Cannes, France, in April, on invitation of the founders of the League of Red Cross Societies. The primary purpose of the League, it should be kept in mind, is to coordi- nate and stimulate the efforts of na- tional Red Cross societies in preserve ing and promoting public health throughout the world and in reliev- ing suffering due to epidemics, famine and disasters in general. “It is a striking demonstration of the need for this cooperation and ex- tension of relief and public health work,” says a statement cabled from Europe, “that the League is so sud- denly called upon to perform service in the interest of humanity, greater in extent and more difficult of execu- tion than any single society or any nation could perform. Reports from Poland and other afflicted parts of eastern and southern Europe picture the suffering there as beyond com- parison. Thousands are dying for lack of medical care, and there is serious scarcity of all medical necessaries. “The menace to the rest of the world is fully appreciated by the Su- preme Economic Council, which has received reports during the last few weeks from various sources, regard- ing the rapid spread of typhus and the necessity for taking immediate action to prevent the sweeping of the con- tagion westward. Added to the men- ace of typhus is the danger of an epi- demic of cholera in Europe, and the Red Cross League will be consulted to this feature of its program.” N N N N N - § A. R. C. CANTEEN AT LE MANS, FRANCE, OPEN “ALL THE TIME” Between 5,000 and 6,000 soldiers are served here every twenty-four hours Sir David Henderson, director-gen- eral of the League of Red Cross So- cieties, in a personal statement ac- companying the appeal just made, SayS: “If the Red Cross League is charged with the serious responsibility of pro- tecting public health in this crisis, the people of the various nations must realize that the fight is their own and that the League is acting as their in- strument. The League will be put to the severest test at the very beginning of its existence. We believe that, with the aid of governments and the aid of volunteer national societies supported by the people, we can control and limit the spread of this epidemic so that Europe will be saved from the disaster that surely would follow the general spread of the disease. This situation in eastern and southern Eu- rope is too serious to be coped with by any single government or by any volunteer society. The Red Cross League affords the medium through which the governments and voluntary societies may cooperate, and by means of which effort may be coordinated. “The League has at its disposal the assistance of the most expert medical advisers, trained by practical expe- rience in combating typhus. It has ready the help of the trained person- nel of the British Red Cross and the American Red Cross, both of which societies already have units in the field, º and it can call for aid upon other Red Cross societies that are members of the League. It will be able to utilize, under expert direction, certain medi- cal and other supplies of the allied governments and other societies, now in Europe. With these means at its disposal, the League is prepared to undertake strategical direction of the campaign. “This emergency has come upon the League at the outset, while it is still in process of organization, but the League has not felt that it would avoid responsibility. If the League is requested to undertake this work by the respective governments, it will of - fer opportunity to the people to show, through their national Red Cross so- cieties, their practical interest in the common welfare. “This is an appeal to the best spirit of civilized races to join in a world- wide campaign undertaken with the approval and support of government and with the advice and direction of the leaders of the world in the prac- ticable science of public health. The Red Cross League is non-governmen- tal, non-political and non-sectarian. It is purely a voluntary league of peo- ples working for the common good of all. “The actual menace of typhus and cholera gives immediate opportunity to the people to unite in the perform- ance of this urgent necessary service for the world.” T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN SERBIAN WORK IN FULL SWING American Red Cross Activities Take Wide Range in Land Where War's Spark Struck [Special Correspondence] BELGRADE, MAY 12–The American Red Cross is now firmly established here. It has assisted with supplies both the military and civil hospitals, the main orphanage, several small in- stitutions for children, the insane asy- lum, the home for invalid men, the city dispensary and a number of schools for young women. In addition its nurses have investi- gated and filled several thousand in- dividual applications for relief. More than a thousand tons of clothing have been distributed to the poor of Bel- grade, a warehouse, office, drug store, and dispensary, sewing workroom and an infirmary have been opened. Classes in manual training, domestic science and athletics have also been inaugu- rated. A delousing plant has “lysoled” a hundred thousand soldiers and civil- ians and stopped the typhus epidemic. A canteen for Serbian soldiers is in operation with a first-aid station. Schools and kindergartens have been given food, clothing and medicines, and sanitary and dietetic regimes have been instituted. Among other American Red Cross activities are a society for the protec- tion of Jugo-Slav children; coopera- tion with the Serbian Relief Fund, and the Society of Ladies of Belgrade to educate girls in sewing, embroidering and weaving, and of men in shoemak- ing. There is a soup kitchen, a dis- pensary, a dental clinic at a military hospital, donations of surgical instru- ments are made to civilian and mili- tary hospitals throughout Serbia, a tu- berculosis hospital, and the fitting up of dormitory and installation of a sewing room in the local high school, with physical examinations of stu- dents complete the list. Red Cross units consisting of doc- tors, trained nurses and general utility men are being sent out to all northern Serbian towns. These units establish in each town a warehouse, a sewing workroom, a dispensary, dental clinic and extend aid to local hospitals, tak- ing them over when possible. A list of poor is obtained from the local mayors, the list is investigated and then soup, bread, clothing and general food distribution lines are es- tablished. The output of sewing rooms are given to the local orphanages, hos- pitals or the very poor. Delousing ~ plants are also established in each town. At Cuprija, in North Serbia, thou- sands of surgical operations have been performed, while at Palanka the ty- phus situation and general unsanitary conditions made it advisable to install a large unit. Typhus has now been stamped out by the Red Cross at Pa- lanka, where a few weeks ago there were hundreds of cases. § AN A. R. C. DENTAL STATION IN SERBIA. From the larger towns in northern Serbia smaller units are sent out and travel from village to village. In this way every hamlet in Serbia gets as- sistance from the Red Cross. The Serbs are being trained to take over existing Red Cross institutions. At Obrenovatz and Semendria, Serbs are now successfully operating work- rooms, dispensaries and general activi- ties started by the Red Cross. Dental clinics have been set up at Kragua- jevatz and Shabotz. The offices of the Red Cross are lo- cated on the top floor of the most modern office building in Belgrade, at 6 Knez Mihajlova Ulica. The ware- house is in the Hotel Bristol, near the Save River. In this magnificent marble building the Germans and Austrians stabled their horses during their occu- pation of Belgrade. Food supplies are stored in a metal warehouse erected by the Austrians near the docks. The drug store is in a separate building near the Hotel Bristol. All supplies brought into northern Serbia by the Red Cross are unloaded at Semlin, transferred by motor or oxcarts to lighters, towed across the river, and transferred again to the warehouse. The valuable Red Cross contribu- tion to northern Serbia has been its large supply of medicines and sewing machines. The need for improved sanitation, public health training, train- ing schools for nurses, manual train- ing schools and schools for domestic science is serious. The people of the country, from the highest government official to the humblest farmer, are peasants, and any new methods of living which are introduced can only be the result of a long campaign of education con- ducted with intelligence and an un- limited amount of patience. § N N TYPICAL GROUP OF SIERBIAN REFU GEES 4 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington & BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. Taft...... . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FoREST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingsron FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 9, 1919 Ready for Practical Work The League of Red Cross Societies is giving quick, practical response to the spirit which brought it into ex- istence. Scarcely a month old, it is ready to participate in a campaign to fight the spread of typhus, now epi- demic in the countries of eastern and southeastern Europe, which, unless checked before next winter, is liable to sweep over the entire continent. The scourge of cholera likewise rears its ghastly head and is to be fought with the assistance of the same agency. Plainly, the League of Red Cross Societies of the world was Organized none too soon. At the time the idea was conceived it may not have been foreseen that a severe test of its prac- tical efficiency would be submitted at the very outset of its career. Its general purpose was to coordinate and stimulate efforts looking to the health of the world as well as to act in time of great disasters; and it was indi- cated how effective such an organiza- tion might have been in combating the epidemic of influenza that swept the earth while the world war was in progress. While the scientists at Cannes were discussing future possi- bilities, the alarm over the spread of typhus was sounded. - Thus the emergency for initial ac- tion has been precipitated. The offi- cial representatives of the allied gov- ernments, charged with responsibility in meeting the menace of threatening disease, have speedily recognized this non-political, non-sectarian, voluntary organization as the means of stimulat- ing the energies of the people to fight- ing the contagion, so as to confine it within the narrowest possible limits. It is apparent that if science and de- termination are capable of accom- plishing desired results, the epidemic will be prevented from getting beyond reasonable control. Although it is Europe that imme- diately is threatened, the situation has a positive home interest for the peo- ple of America. The influenza which took such a toll of lives in this coun- try started in Europe. If typhus or cholera fasten themselves on western Europe, their spread to America would become an immediate danger. Proper encouragement of the 'Red Cross League movement right now may pre- vent future lament over a might-have- been-prevented visitation, such as the influenza brings so freshly to mind. These are days when an ounce of prevention is worth a million tons of lamentation. Heads French Nursing Association Miss Evelyn T. Walker, of New York City, in charge of the Visiting Nurse Association for the American Red Cross at Bordeaux, has been ap- pointed president of the French As- sociation of Nurses for Infants. Miss Walker trained French girls from the Anna Hamilton Institute as children’s visiting nurses. At the request of the French authorities the American Red Cross has granted an appropriation to continue the training course for another year before it is taken over by the French committee. Before her connection with the Nursing Bureau of the Red Cross, Miss Walker was in charge of nursing for the Associa- tion for Improving the Condition of the Poor in New York City. Commissioner for France Kenneth Mygatt has been appointed American Red Cross Commissioner for France, with the assimilated rank of lieutenant colonel, to succeed Lieut. Col. George M. Burr, whose private business affairs obliged him to resign. Colonel Mygatt has been serving as deputy commissioner. Memorial Day in Great Britain Memorial Day, May 30, was fit- tingly observed at the cemeteries of Great Britain where Americans are buried. Fourteen-inch laurel wreaths provided by the American Red Cross, and flags provided by the American Army, were placed on 2,587 graves of soldiers, sailors, nurses, Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. workers, Lusitania victims and Americans who died in the British service. The graves of Brit- ish victims of the Tuscania and Otranto disasters, buried at Islay, also were decorated. Special services were held at ceme- teries near London and at Brook- wood, Manchester, Cardiff, Oxford, Grantham, Birmingham, Edinburg, Belfast, Winchester, Bristol, Cam- bridge, Reading, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dublin, Liverpool, Lincoln, Paagyon, Stamford, Sheffield, Dundee, Queens- town and the Island of Islay. Red Cross representatives were present at all the services. Great interest was shown by British officials and public, who supplemented the decorations and participated largely in the ceremonies. The Polish-speaking Union also ac- tively cooperated. Money and Supplies for Siberia. The American Red Cross has ap- propriated $400,000 for relief work in Siberia, this amount being in addition to that already set aside for work in that country up to the end of the next month. Most of the additional money will go for the purchase and immedi- ate shipment of drugs and surgical instruments, the need for which has been emphasized in cable messages received from the Red Cross Com- mission in Siberia. *- From the Red Cross warehouses at Seattle the following supplies will be sent to Siberia at once: Absorbent cotton, 50,708 pounds, cellu cotton, 51,920 pounds; non-absorbent cotton, 151,759 pounds; gauze, 1,000,000 yards; unbleached muslin, 14,843 yards. Fifteen ambulances, two field - kitchens and six kitchen trailers are among the other articles which will be forwarded by the Red Cross to its Si- berian Commission. Camp Service Bureau Change A. B. Williams, associate director, Bureau of Camp Service, under whose Supervision was centered the Home Service work in camps, naval stations, etc., has resigned to reenter business at Cleveland. A. J. Strawson, who has been serving as field agent of the Bu- reau of Camp Service, has been ap- pointed to succeed Mr. Williams. THE R E D C Ross B UL LET IN 5 “I WASNAKED ANDYE CLOTHED ME” Biblical Words Find Expression in Deeds Performed Through American Red Cross in the Holy Land - To Tul Keram, a small town north- west of Nablus and northeast of Jaffa, the American Red Cross Palestine Commission, a few months ago, sent 1,500 garments for men, women and children. The material of these gar- ments, flannel and gingham, was sent from the Red Cross in America. The garments were cut and sewn in the Red Cross workshops in Jerusalem by women and young girls earning an average wage of 40 cents a day. Through these workshops the Ameri- can Red Cross has clothed the people of Tul Keram and aided the unem- ployed and destitute women and girls of Jerusalem. From Maj. L. H. Mott, the British military governor at Tul Keram, the American Red Cross Commission for Palestine received the following letter giving an account of the distribution of the clothing with an eloquent sim- plicity that emphasizes the joyful blessedness of giving. “The garments you so kindly and promptly sent me are proving a real help to our poor people. We have supplied twenty-three of the poor of Jiljulieh and fifty-three of Jelil with a garment each. Forty-one names have been chosen from 159 poverty- stricken folk at El Haram and these will be distributed in the course of a day or two. The remainder go to Kefr Saba and Misky when the cases have been investigated. I am having the parcels of garments carried to the village by the people on camels and donkeys. “A word as to the people you have clothed. They come from villages which were formerly in the Turkish firing line. Their homes have been gutted and their farms destroyed. At Jiljulieh there are at present about ten mud huts and a population of 250. At El Haram there are just under 200 people with some eighteen huts. All the above are one or two-roomed dwellings. At Kefr Saba 800 people inhabit some thirty-five better houses. “It is sad to see them all in the midst of the ruins of their old homes, some formerly of six rooms or more, now reduced to living in one made of the broken relics of their former dwellings. There is, of course, no fur- niture. Sadder, perhaps, is the fact that only one-seventh of their lands has been cultivated this year, and un- less help is forthcoming to enable peo- ple to purchase cattle, next year's pros- pects are far from promising. I do not want to beg, but a gift of twenty horses, twenty camels and forty oxen and a few simple plows would render a population of 1,200 people independ- ent again. - “The garments sent us have been distributed to three categories of folk. “1. Orphans, from babes to chil- dren of fourteen years. Many have been reduced to taking food where they can find it from house to house. ‘Naked and ye clothed me’ accurately describes the condition there and what you have done for them. No other organization has helped them. “2. People who have, during the war, lost limbs or otherwise been ren- dered incapable of work. “3. Old people, blind and lame persons. “Could those who give the funds which enable the commission to clothe these people hāve been present to see the happy faces after the distribution, they would have felt the full force of the words, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.’” Home Service in Poland One of the most urgent needs of the people of Poland is the reopening of postal communication with America. This has been brought home repeat- edly to the members of the American Red Cross Mission for Poland, who have found thousands of wives with children who, owing to the suspension of the post, are denied the financial aid their husbands usually send them from the United States. In Cholm, a city of 20,000 inhabi- tants about 100 miles southeast of Warsaw, the Red Cross workers were told that there are 600 wives and fam- ilies of husbands in the United States from whom they have not heard in four years. Their state of destitution and suffering caused by the war is made much worse by this severing of communication with their only source of income in America. - thousands of similar cases, especially in the larger cities like Warsaw, Brest- Litowski, Kowel, Pinsk, Liblin, Biale- stok and Kielce. Wherever possible the Red Cross Mission to Poland has, with the co- operation of the Polish authorities, tried to establish postal communica- tion. It has accepted letters addressed to relatives in all parts of the United States. It takes them to Warsaw There are where they are turned over to the Polish military authorities for censor- ship. The censor returns the letters to the Red Cross which sends them to its Paris office for forwarding to the United States in the regular mails. In this way the Red Cross has helped to bring the Home Service feature of its work to many parts of Poland. - In a score of cities and towns the Americans have been besieged by peo- ple to take letters to relatives in the United States. * * Walking through the streets of Cholm two Red Cross men were fol- lowed by a crowd of several hundred. The people, learning upon inquiry, that the Americans would take their letters, would scurry to their homes, write short missives and race after the Americans. When the Americans went into a Cholm restaurant they were followed by such a large crowd of letter-bearers that Polish soldiers had to form them into line and admit one at a time. This continued for an hour and the Americans were kept busy reading and correcting the ad- dresses. * Sidelights on Work in Siberia The following is from a letter by an American Red Cross worker in Siberia: . “An American Red Cross officer made a request to the Czech colonel for thirty men, incapacitated on ac- count of age or wounds for active service, to help make over an old Rus- sian barracks into a hospital. The colonel granted the request readily. There were graduates from the Uni- versity of Vienna, lawyers from Prague, carpenters, painters, bakers, cooks, steamfitters. We have never seen men who work with more vim and more whole-heartedly. It is largely to their credit that in two weeks a filthy Russian barracks has been changed into a modern aseptic hospital of 150 beds. - - “Food is abundant in Manchuria and Siberia, but in spite of the com- parative cheapness of food the Czech soldiers’ rations are very small. Their wage has been increased from 60 cents to $1.70 a month, and no pro- vision is made for their families at home. I was amazed to learn how meager their rations are. For break- fast they have a tin of black coffee and bread; a bowl of stew containing small amount of meat dumplings in- stead of potatoes for dinner, and a tin of black coffee and bread for supper.” . . . . . . . . Eggs were selling for a cent and a half apiece, and good beef could be bought for 10 to 12 cents a pound. 6 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Motor corps ARE KEPT busy Services Donated Since Armistice Represent a Money Value of Millions of Dollars Reports covering 56 per cent of the Motor Corps of the American Red Cross in this country for the six months following the armistice show a total of 540,000 hours of service, with a mileage of 1,690,000. At $3 an hour, this service has meant a con- tribution in service worth $1,620,000, and has required the contribution of more than $40,000 worth of gasoline. Through the Red Cross Motor Corps, the women of America, sup- plying their own cars and gas, have been providing pleasure trips for con- valescent soldiers in hospitals in the United States. They have carried physicians, nurses and prepared foods during the influenza epidemic; trans- ported supplies to canteens and hos- pitals; gathered refugee clothing; car- ried Army and Navy officers at camps and stations, and performed other service. The monthly report of one military hospital shows 1,294 conva- lescing men and 143 nurses taken for drives, and 726 convalescents taken to matinees. More than 10,000 American women with as many cars have been enlisted in this service, and, while there was less opportunity for service in the winter months, there is every likeli- hood of a full resumption of the work. “In some localities the activities are even greater at present than before the armistice,” said John A. Farwell, of Chicago, in charge of the Bureau of Motor Service at Red Cross na- tional headquarters. “This is due to returning wounded, debarkation and the proximity of hospitals. But in all localities the peace possibilities of service are with us, as they will con- tinue to be. “There are large opportunities in connection with civilian organizations. There are hospitals full of patients who would quite as much benefit by and be grateful for airings as our convalescent soldiers. Visiting nurses are always with us and their work is more than double in efficiency if they can go from place to place in an automobile. The same is true of all charity workers. Many other oppor- tunities will suggest themselves to Red Cross Motor Corps. Kitchen of Fond Memories Passes The little Dutch kitchen at Nice has been closed, but it will long be a pleas- ant memory. It was only open for tea between 2 and 6 in the afternoon. But such tea It was the sort of tea brewed upon English lawns in the late sum- mer or in New York drawing rooms at 5 of a wintry afternoon. And with it went the thin bread and butter that was ordained to go with that sort of tea. Everyone found the place sooner or later—American officers on leave, British Tommies, tea-loving French- men, doughboys, American Red Cross girls and English officers. They ex- claimed over its delightful Dutch in- terior with curtains of Delft blue and white, blue vases of flowers, steaming brass kettle and tea cups most fragile. They came again and again because it combined charm and comfort and the smell of hot tea so as to be irresistible any time after 3.30 in the afternoon. Miss Elsie Lyons, who, unaided, was hostess for this little Dutch kitchen of the American Red Cross, was not the least part of the atmos- phere, from her winged Dutch cap to her deftness in adding the desired two lumps. The kitchen was only a tiny off-shoot of the canteen service at Nice, but it will be a warm memory for many men of the A. E. F. Acting Manager of Potomac Division David H. Brown is serving as act- ing manager of the Potomac Division of the Red Cross, pending the appoint- ment of a successor to Col. William Cary Sanger, who resigned owing to illness in his family. BOLSHEWIKI ATTACK R. G. TRUCK Americans Have Thrilling Experience Carrying Supplies into Moun- tains of Montenegro Bolsheviki in Montenegro recently attacked an American Red Cross mo– tor truck on the Cattaro-Podgoritza road, firing on the chauffeur who es- caped only by forcing his truck at full speed down a winding, narrow moun- tain road from which it threatened at any moment to jump into a chasm below. The truck, loaded with food, cloth- ing and medicine for the needy moun- taineers of Montenegro, and with sev- eral Red Cross transportation men, former doughboys on the western front, aboard it for protection, was held up several kilometers from Cettinje. The chauffeur paid no attention to an order to halt whereupon the Bol- sheviki, hidden behind rocks, began firing. Several bullets struck the truck and the supplies, but the men, who were unarmed, escaped by crouching behind the boxes. The Montenegrin government, in deploring the attack upon the Ameri- can Red Cross, declares there are now in Montenegro agents who are endeav- oring to compromise the Montenegrin cause and to undermine American confidence in their good will toward the Red Cross. - - & º AMERICAN RED CROSS HOSPITAL HEADQUARTERS AT BREST - T H E R E D C Ross B U L LET IN LEARNING AMERICAN GAMES Children of Paris Tenements Have Playground Training Under Red Cross Teachers (Paris Edition A. R. C. Bulletin) Halfway up the narrow Paris street, between its cliff walls of tenements, you could hear the music. It rang out, gay and brassy and compelling, so that clusters of heads were poked out from high windows to turn in its direction. Then by twos and threes ran the chil- dren, worn sabots clopping, raggy pet- ticoats whisking, frowsy heads bob- bing, to the high board fence from be- hind which came the music. Within, a huge graveled field stretched at the foot of tenement walls, covered with a motley of children, in every species of garment known to the mind of the thrifty French mother, but with the universal touch of utter shabbiness which marks such workman's quar- ters as this part of the Thirteenth Ar- rondissement. And the mob was thick- est where a flash of brass and the top of khaki caps were the only visual in- dication of a real American Army brass band. But the band was only the begin- ning. There were a few girls in American Red Cross uniform hustling among the shawled women and the multitudinous children. Two sleek- headed French girls in smart blue smocks were busy clearing a central space of ground and controlling a line of other children hopping with impa- tience. And then the band began a new tune, a march. A long line of little French ragamuffins, brilliant with flaunting banners, swung down the middle of the cleared space. It was the march of the “Petits Soldats” that marked the opening of the demonstra- tion of games, given by the American Red Cross, under the auspices of the Congrès Interallié d'Hygiène Sociale. For two hours, there in that gravelly plot on the old street of the Château- des-Rentiers, the children of the neigh- borhood danced and played their way through the program of games, demon- strating to the French world about them, especially to the distinguished French visitors, the value of organ- ized play in the American manner. There were games with songs and games in circles; there was a delight- ful little folk dance, “The Double Vio- let”; there were games, as the French program read, “of attention and of agility,” and the morning was con- cluded with a riotous affair of stride ball and volley ball, in which the older boys vociferously excelled. - N N ºº REFU GEES FROM GREEK MACE DONIA, OCCUPIED BY BUL.GARIANS The field is probably the first play- ground in Paris, rented from the city by the Assistance Publique and opened to the children of that workman's quar- ter. But the children, like all French children of that class, did not know how to play. They know, these chil- dren of the sidewalks, perhaps two simple games with songs, but they have no idea at all of group games, fundamentals of the social conscious- ness. Therefore the Jardin d'Enfants unit, with Miss Beulah Kennard, of Pittsburgh, as director of playgrounds, introduced American play methods in six Paris schools at the request of the authorities, and the demonstration at the playground was the result. The work is going to be carried on by French girls instructed in Ameri- can playground methods. No Such Thing Happened A cablegram received at National Headquarters of the American Red Cross from Rome says: “The report published in America of the United States flag being torn down and tramped on at American Red Cross Headquarters in Milan is absolutely without foundation, nor has an unpleasant incident of any kind occurred to any member of our or- ganization. The Italian government and the Italian people have shown in- creased courtesy to and appreciation of the American Red Cross in Italy.” service. Soldier Dies in Red Cross Service The body of Benjamin Clark Wright, a member of one of the latest Red Cross parties to arrive in France, lies in the Red Cross plot at the Amer- ican military cemetery in Suresnes. The funeral services were attended by many of his friends and co-workers who crossed from America with him on the Noordan. Lieutenant Wright served at the front before enlisting in the Red Cross Commissioned a lieutenant with the 27th Division, he remained with that unit of the American Army throughout its operations in France. Upon returning home and being de- mobilized he sought service with the Red Cross, expressing the belief that there was much work to be done in France and wishing to help carry it on. He was taken ill on the way across and died shortly after he was removed to a hospital in Paris. Serbia Honors Dead American The Order, of Saint Sava has been granted posthumously by the Serbian Government to Capt. Walter H. Fox, of Iowa, who died while engaged in relief work in Belgrade. This honor was conferred in recognition of serv- ice performed in helping the American Red Cross combat the spread of typhus in Serbia. In his memory also a street in the capital city has been named Captain Fox Street, and the Government has announced its inten- tion to place a tablet in the house where the young American officer died. T H E R E D C Ross B U L LET IN Nurses Honored by French City Miss Rosemary O’Keefe, an Amer- ican Red Cross nurse, assigned to the Army Nurse Corps, and other nurses at Base Hospital No. 53, are priv- ileged to wear the coat-of-arms of the City of Langes, France, in recogni- tion of their services. - Miss O'Keefe, who served during the Verdun, St. Mihiel and Argonne offensives, and whose home is in Bal- timore, went overseas in September, 1917. After the stirring days of the September drive when Base Hospital No. 53 was often raided by German bombing planes, Miss O'Keefe and the other nurses and doctors of this unit were publicly presented with th white and gold in- signia of this little French city on the Marne. This insig- nia was embroid- ered by a devout Catholic Sister upon a field of French gray, and is worn on the left arm of the U. S. Army un i for m. The official author- ization was con- ferred by the Municipal Council, and in the celebra- tion the mayor of Langes made the following address: “We have as- sembled here be- fore your departure to honor the spirit and the chivalry so characteristic of your great nation. In days gone by, during the Cru- sades, who le na- tions 1 eft the ir homes, sacrificed the i r possessions and gave their lives to battle in distant lands. In the same spirit of disinter- estedness, the same sºe 1 f-denial and valor, your nation did not hesitate to cross the seas, and you, officers, nurses, . and other members * of Base Hospital No. 53, have given a most illustrious example of nobil- ity, of devotion and of burning love for humanity. We, º HISTORIC CROSS IN SQUARE AT TREVES, NOW USED AS SIGN-POST TO GUIDE MEMBERS OF A. E. F. TO RED CROSS ACTIVITIES therefore, desire to present a two-fold souvenir; the coat-of-arms of our city attached to this ribbon which is the tri-color emblem of France, and this painting of the Ramparts of Langes from which springs the River Marne, illustrious now in the two-fold victory. “‘Vive l’Alliance Americaine !’” Review of Work at Mesves Center Preparations are being made for the early closing ºf Mesves Hospital Center, in France, the largest in the A. E. F. - It has consisted of thirteen hospi- tals and a convalescent camp, and at the period of its greatest activity it comprised about 25,000 patients. Many * carloads of supplies have been distrib- uted at Mesves by the American Red Cross, entertainment for the soldiers has been provided on an extensive scale, and thousands of letters seeking to remove the worries of the wounded and convalescent have been written by Red Cross searchers. To furnish diversion for the soldiers at Mesves Hospital Center, the Amer- ican Red Cross maintained fourteen huts and entertainment halls. Hun- dreds of vaudeville acts and musical entertainments have been staged. At one time the American Red Cross maintained at Mesves three bands and several orchestras and a number of amateur theatrical companies. Capt. George A. Winn, of Chicago, was the first hospi- tal representative at Mesves. Called home in Novem- ber, he was suc- ceeded by Capt. H. D. Faxon, of Kan- sas City, Mo. Capt. Frank U. Russell, of La Crosse, Kan., assumed charge of the work there last February. * % Home Service in the Royal Bath What is known as the “Crow 1: Prince's Bath,” a room in the Army Base Hospital at Neuenahr, is now being used as an office by the Home Service representa- tive of the Ameri- can Red Cross. The hospital building was originally a magnificent Ger- man hotel, to which people came for m in era 1 water baths. Looking to- ward the Casino, the amusement cen- ter of this leave area, is a glass en- closed porch, which has been converted into a Red Cross hut. The dressing room attached to the Prince's bath, beautifully deco- rated, is separated from the bath it- self by heavy vel- vet draperies. | ST * Llsºº, H 4- º 18 1919 - The Red Crºss Bulletin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 16, 1919 No. 25 that only the most general rules could be laid down by the general manage- ment of the Red Cross, and that each Chapter must develop, within those PLANNING RED CROSS HOME SERVICE FUTURE National Conference Held at Atlantic City Showed Country-Wide Desire to Have War-Time Experience Serve Permanent Purpose How carefully the Red Cross folk are looking before they leap into a future program for home service can be gauged somewhat from the ses- sions of the conference in Atlantic City, May 26–June 5, of the National Headquarters staff and the division directors and field representatives of the Department of Civilian Relief and numerous Home Service secretaries. The se meetings were held in con- nection with the National Confer- ence of Soc i a 1 Work, which was attended by 3,000 people interested in all phases of so- cial advancement and of which Miss Julia Lathrop is the preside n t. Among the dele- gates were several h und red repre- sentatives of the Red Cross. That there is to be a future pro- gram for Home Service was taken for granted. Home Service secretaries and field representatives from all parts of the country brought impressive evi- dence that cities, towns, and rural communities had found in the Home Service sections a new instrument of service which they want to use for en- riching the life and improving local conditions, when the soldiers' and sailors' families are no longer in need of their exclusive attention. The question was how the transformation into a peace-time agency could best be effected. Since Home Service is nation-wide, its future program mº' he of such character that it can be a ºn any local community which a he Red Cross to go on, no matter what may be that community’s present equip- ment of social agencies and no matter what may be its needs. It was the general opinion that the commitment to soldiers’ and sailors' families would N º CHILD WEH, FARE EXHIBIT OF A. R. C. AT CANNES MEDICAL CONFERENCE keep the Home Service sections busy for many months to come, and the eagerness with which the delegates sought advice and suggestions as to how to improve the quality of their Home Service work attested the in- terest and the enthusiasm with which that work is being done. But the whole-hearted devotion to the present job did not preclude preparations and thought and planning for the future program. In finding out what a Chapter may appropriately undertake it was thought limits, its own program and its own resources of personnel, funds and equipment. Division offices and Na- tional Headquarters will put at the disposal of the Chapters the service of specialists with whom the Chapters may advise and consult in developing ways and means for accomplishing their purposes. J. Byron Deacon, acting Director- General of Civilian Relief, accurately voiced the opinion of these people from all parts of the United States when he announced that there should and would be no made – to - order, down-from-the-top program handed to the Chapters to carry out. In line with the policy of helping the Chapters find their jobs, much time was devoted to getting together a body of evidence from the Home - % Service secretaries and the field repre- sentatives as to general Ch a pter conditions, and to working out ways in which the division offices can help Chapters to learn just how the land lies with respect to social welfare in their communities; how to conduct an inquiry into local conditions, and where to look for standards by which to meas- ure progress in health, schools, child welfare, sanitation, public recreation and all of the other elements which enter into successful living. Chapters are to be encouraged and assisted in making “know-your-community-bet- (Continued on page 4) 2 T H E R E D C Ross B U L LET IN THE REI) CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WIEEELY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS - RED CRoss BUILDING, was HINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post . Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers . of the American Red Cross WooDROW WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President JoHN SKELTON WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING... . . . . . . . . . ſ’ ice-Chairman JFREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 16, 1919 guillrillllllllllllrillilillIIIllrillllllllllllkillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllº: Paris Bulletin Supplement Mail copies of this number of THE RED CRoss BULLETIN are supplemented by copies of the Paris Bulletin issued by the American Red Cross, contain- ing articles relating to the organiga- tion of effort for the world-wide peace program of the Red Cross. ăummitmulluminimiſmallallum. The Dual Task It ever should be kept in mind, in connection with the maintenance of the American Red Cross organiza- tion for the important work following the war-time activities, that there are two vital lines of carry-on endeavor in the peace-time program. One is the relief of the terrible suffering in for- eign lands, brought about directly by the war. The other is the development of the domestic activities, includ- ing Home Service, Public Health Nursing, etc. * - The obligation of the American people to assist the peoples who have been so terribly afflicted in support of the cause for which the free nations fought, is generally recognized. It is a humanitarian duty imposed on those who fortunately escaped the horrors visited upon other nationalities. TO carry on this work of relief with re- sources that must be supplied to meet the needs of the circumstances is the heritage of the duty which the Ameri- can people, through their Red Cross, assumed while hostilities were raging. Just as the experience and organi- zation of the American Red Cross work in time of war naturally di- rect to energy in certain channels of peace-time effort in the foreign field, so the experience and accomplish- ments of Home Service activities in behalf of the families of our Own fighting men, during the period of the war, suggest the projection of the or- zanization which has been perfected into channels that will have a perma- nent importance. The same is true with respect to nursing and other activities. The war has pointed the way to a service of continuous worth which must not lose the interest of the American people. At the recent conference of Home Service secretaries and field repre- sentatives at Atlantic City it was shown that the work in the interest of soldiers’ families must necessarily continue for some time to come; but the further interesting fact of the de- sire to enrich and improve conditions of life, when the soldier feature no longer exists, is the one that is of paramount importance in connection with the future program. The spirit of service which impels America to carry-on in the new era of world peace directs to duty both at home and abroad. When the appeal for funds is made to the people in the fall, and the books are opened for the renewal of memberships, it will be shown that the American Red Cross is a mighty, permanent standing army if the cause of human welfare. The Juniors Abroad Sentimentally and from the stand- point of practical worth-whileness, there could be no better beginning for the Old World relief work of the Junior Red Cross than the adoption of the orphanage on Mount Zion. The children in this orphanage are of many nationalities; and they are real war orphans who were found in such a starved and tattered condition that there can be absolutely no question regarding the genuineness of their needs. - The Junior Red Cross has pledged itself to a peace program which in- cludes the sending of relief to suffer- stocks in Europe. ing children in all parts of the world, and at the same time the development of that deeper international under- standing and goodwill which must be the next generation's best defense against the ills we are bequeathing them. In shouldering the burden of these Jerusalem waifs, American school children can give help where it is very sorely needed. They can take up the work at a point of visible re- sults without going through the trying period of preliminaries, since the American Red Cross Palestine Com- mission had the orphans under its wise care during the period of its resi- dence in Jerusalem. And because the three women in charge of the children are Americans, who know American boys and girls as they know the little Syrians and Armenians with whom they are now on such intimate terms, there is every chance for the building up of a feeling of real friendship be- tween American Juniors and their far-away wards. Maintaining this Mount Zion home is only one item in the budget for the $1,000,000 which American schools are now working hard to raise. Half of this sum has been promised by the first of July; the remaining $500,000 by January 1, 1920. War-stricken children in many countries of Europe are to be the gainers. They will not be the only gainers, however, for this is one of those transactions in which the benefits are mutual. Assists Women's Hospital Association The American Red Cross has ap- propriated $65,000 to assist the Amer- ican Women's Hospital Association to send a mobile hospital to Serbia, for relief in connection with typhus and other epidemics. Of this amount, $25,000 is a cash donation, and the balance will be represented in sup- plies issued from existing Red Cross The American Women's Hospital Association plans to send a unit to Serbia during the early summer, so as to effect as much relief as possible before the weather makes transportation more difficult. There is to be no duplication of the work which the American Red Cross Commission for the Balkans is doing, and the aid extended, it is felt, will be of great benefit to an organization with which the Red Cross has enjoyed the most cordial cooperation. - T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 President Poincare Indorses League President Poincare, of France, has written the following letter to Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Board of Governors of the League of Red Cross Societies, ex- pressing his con- gratulations of the organization of ef- fort for world- wide humanitarian work: “The central com- mittee of the French Red Cross has in- formed me of the creation of the League of Red Cross Societies, and of the humanitarian object thus under- taken by the Red Cross organizations of the five great allied and associ- ated powers. I take pleasure in con- gratulating you on this successful re- sult of your untir- ing efforts. The ar- ticles of the Asso- ciation of the League pay a well- deserved tribute to the International Committee of the Red Cross for its achievements in the work to which the Board of Govern- ors wishes to con- secrate its efforts, and it is provided that the admission of any other Red Cross Society to the League shall be by the unanimous vote of the board. “It is with great in te rest that I quote these facts and I do not doubt that the organiza- tion in which you have taken the in- litiative will accom- the generous mis- sion which it under- takes for the well-being of humanity. “I beg you, Mr. Chairman, to ex- press my congratulations and best wishes to the five Red Cross Societies, members of the League, and to believe in my sincere esteem.” Joseph M. Hartfield, of New York, who was legal adviser to the War Council during the war period, has been appointed by the Executive Com- mittee of the American Red Cross. a member of the Chairman's Advisory Committee. PROMINENT FIGURES IN THE WORLD HEALTH CoNFERENCE AT CANNES (1) Miss Alicia Lloyd–Still, Supt., Florence Nightingale Training School, London; (2) - - Countess Roussy de Sales, Head Nurse, Society for Relief of Wounded, France; (3) Sir Cross 11111 Se, has Arthur Newsholme. Chairman Child Welfare Section; (4) Dr. Edward R. Baldwin, Editor, - - American Review of Tuberculosis; (5) Lieut. Col. Wm. F. Snow, Professor of Hygiene and plish 111 the future Public Health, Leland Stanford University; (6) Prof. Edoardo Maragliano, University of Genoa; (7) Dr. Ninagawa, Japanese Red Cross; (8) Sir Robert W. Philip, President, Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Americans Direct League Work The Director General of the League of Red Cross Societies, Sir David Henderson, has announced the ap- pointment of Col. Richard P. Strong, Medical Corps, U. S. A., as acting director of the Bureau of Hygiene and Public Health of the League. During the war Colonel Strong served in Servia in 1915 as director of the American Red Cross and International Sanitary Commissions, in connection with the suppression of the epidemic of typhus fever. As a member of the A. E. F. he has be e n associated with the Depart- ment of Infectious Diseases of the Chief Surgeon's office. He is a member of the In- ter-Allied Sanitary Commission a n d has directed the American Commis- sion’s research in- v estigations in trench fever. The Dire c to r General also has announced the ap- pointment of W. Frank Persons, di- rector of develop- ment, as acting as- sistant to the Di- re c to r General, with the duties of mobilizing the re- s our c e s of the League and as- sembling a proper organization to su- pervise the typhus and other relief work in eastern Europe. Mr. Per- sons was formerly director of the De- partment of Civil- ian Relief of the A merican Red Cross. Nurse Awarded War Cross Miss Jane Jef- fery, an English- woman, serving as an American Red been awarded the Distinguished Serv- ice Cross. Miss Jeffery was cited by the United States War eIDpartment for extraordinary bravery in action. While on duty in a hospital she was wounded by an exploding aerial bomb, but refused to leave her post, “though suffering great pain,” as stated in the citation, which added: “Her devotion to the task of helping others was in- spiring to her associates.” THE R E D C R. O. S S B U L L E T IN T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN (Continued from page 1) ter” studies as a basis for their peace- time work. The people from the field were assured by National Headquar- ters that if they build on such a foun- dation, they will have the support and sanction of the Red Cross as a na- tional organization, in accepting the implications of their studies and in setting about to make the lives of people in their town and country-side healthier, happier, more complete and effective. Special emphasis was laid upon the necessity for applying this method of approach to the small towns and rural communities, since so little is now known about the real needs, the atti- tude of mind and the social assets of rural people. Prof. E. L. Morgan, who has lately come to the Red Cross on a leave of absence from the Massa- chusetts State Agricultural College, gave the Home Service people a back- ground of the elements of rural life— some of the principles and basic facts which must be taken into account in attempting to serve country people ef- fectively. Because the opportunity of the Red Cross is so great in the coun- try—60 per cent of the population live on farms and in towns of less than 8,000—and because the results can be so important for national welfare, the great need for proceeding with thoughtfulness and with genuine un- derstanding was borne in strongly upon the conference. It was agreed that, like the history of the Red Cross in the past, its work must be a growth, based on a record of specific jobs well done and upon concrete evidence that more needs to RED CROSS HOME SERVICE DELEGATION, NATIONAL CONFERNZNCE OF SOCIAL WO RIKERS, ATLANTIC CITY, MAY 26–JUNE 5. be done. It was thought that in addi- tion to the study method, mentioned above, communities could use other methods to test the adequacy and the serviceability of their existing social institutions by conducting a general family welfare agency which would serve civilian families in much the same way as Home Service has served soldiers’ and sailors' families. By thus seeing what is happening to real peo- ple and by helping them to connect with what the community has to offer, can the town see its own needs and realize how far along it is getting in service to its own citizens. In dis- cussing the various possibilities of work, Mr. Deacon at a large luncheon on June 4 said: “What activities may Chapters un- dertake in the name of the Red Cross Home Service? “First, they may do social work with families; they may serve their communities as general family social work agencies, where that field is not covered by other agencies, and it is not covered in 90 per cent of the places where Home Service is now operat- ing. Where general family social work agencies exist, Home Service may en- gage in specialized forms of case- work, if needed and desired; as, for example, the work of home and school visiting, the work of the visiting teacher. That is a field of service which requires the type of training which many of our Home Service workers have had, and it is a field which perhaps presents richer con- structive social possibilities than are to be found in the types of families which general family social agencies commonly deal with. It goes without saying that this work should not be undertaken without the full approval of the Board of Education, and it should not be undertaken in those communities—they are few—in which other agencies cover the field. “The second field of service which a Home Service section may enter is information service, one of the most unique and broadly useful things which Home Service has done during the war. It is just as necessary in peace times as it was during the war. Its basis would be a hand-book of in- formation, not nationally compiled, as is the present hand-book, but com- piled by states, representatives of the Red Cross in each state doing their own compilation. The hand-book would include a summary of the laws which social workers have occasion to use; it would be a social service di- rectory, with a brief description of the function of each agency and how to use it. There would be a federal sec- tion, common, of course, to all states, dealing with such matters as a sum- mary of immigration and naturaliza- tion laws, a brief description of the field of activities of federal depart- ments and agencies which closely re- late to the work of social agencies in local communities, as, for example, the Federal Children’s Bureau and the Department of Agriculture. “Then, too, in this hand-book there would be an outline provided for each community, to guide it in compiling in- formation about its local resources— social agencies, ordinances, regula- tions, etc. Obviously, the preparation of these hand-books must be a co- + operative enterprise, an enterprise in which the full participation of social workers outside of the Red Cross is enlisted. I know of no community which now has such a service, and I know of no community whose social service equipment would not be greatly enriched by such a service. “The third category of activities which a Home Service section may undertake I can characterize no bet- ter than by calling them activities of a community service nature. Time does not permit me to attempt to specify what these projects may be, beyond saying, by way of illustration, that they may address themselves to community health and sanitation needs, to recreation needs, to the spe- cial problems of immigrant groups, or to the more effective local use of state and federal resources for the protec- tion of health, the care of the sick, the defective, dependent and de- linquent.” The opportunity for the pooling of experience, ideas and suggestions was utilized to the utmost by the Red Cross people. All kinds of adminis- trative problems were carefully, some- times minutely, analyzed—training of workers, recruiting volunteers, defin- ing the fields of endeavor already undertaken, cooperation with govern- mental departments and with the many other social service organiza- tions, standards of work and all of the other questions which press for attention upon those who are plan- ning and carrying on work in this complex field, came in for review. One of the most interesting and, to those in the overhead organization, gratifying signs of the democracy and the vitality of the Red Cross organiza- tion, is the independence of judgment of the Chapter people. It is so typically American, so fundamentally right and so genuinely helpful that it reassures anyone as to the real democracy and the splendid resiliency of the Red Cross organization. BIG SISTERING “THE WANKS.” Following is an article that appeared in a recent number of the London Sketch: “‘We didn’t have anything quite like that.” “The ex-soldier was looking at a merry bunch of American Red Cross women, practical, but attractive, in their gray suits and soft blue ties. “‘No,' said the ex-V. A. D. wist- fully. “Those women have been sort of big sisters to the American soldiers. But do you suppose our starchy ad- ministration would allow any big-sis- tering in ours?” “‘Big-sistering' very well describes the work of the welfare section of the American Red Cross. They have had freer hands and wider scope than any of our own redtape-bound, but equally devoted women. They came over to do canteen work, to write letters for the men in hospitals, and generally make it clear to every American sol- dier that his ‘home-folk” had not for- gotten him. And they are the best- balanced and most cheery and friendly women in the world. “One of them, Miss Lillian Bald- win, has just gone to Winchester to open at the great camp on the hill there a canteen clubroom that is nearly as big as a cathedral, for the Ameri- cans who, having fought with the British Army, come there to await repatriation. “Miss Baldwin set Old Glory flying above her door, set a few hundred comfortable chairs inside the great hut, with two pianos and a pianola as centers for the grouping and filled a corner with books. “She didn’t wait long for her coun- trymen. They came themselves to do the ‘settling in,’ and a Californian in an Essex uniform would be nailing down the linoleum, while a Tennessee boy in British flying rig would be get- ting the kitchen in order. It seems worth while going back to a country that pats you on the shoulder like this, right across the Atlantic Ocean. “‘Big-sistering’ seems easy when you see it done by the American Red Cross. Miss Baldwin, typical of her service, can talk to her countrymen in a friendly way, without either the shy- ness or the impertinent condescension which alike make men miserable. She remembers faces and ‘home-towns’ so well that she can always tell a man where the last copy of his local news- paper is. Even without her gentle hints and her gifts of writing pads and envelopes, she is an inspiration towards writing home. “‘Of course, you want human inter- est to do this kind of work,” she says. ‘The sort of woman who soon gets tired, or who is only sympathetic to the men who happen to have nice eyes or smart hair-cuts is no use.” T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - CANNED MUSIG BY WIRELESS Installation at Walter Reed by Red Cross Proves Great Boon to Hospital Patients Aerial canned music! That’s the very latest marvel in the wireless line. There is no telling what its ultimate utilization may be, but, right now, it is a great boon to the bed-ridden wounded and sick soldiers in the gov- ernment hospitals. Its very booniest feature as a boon is that, while the patient who craves the ragtime and other emanations of the phonograph may revel in them to his heart's con- tent, the buddy on the adjoining cot, whose nerves won’t stand it, doesn’t have to hear it at all. Wonderful enough, isn’t it? At Walter Reed Hospital, Washing- ton, D. C., this latest among the in- ventions has been installed by the American Red Cross, through the courtesy of the American Radio Serv- ice, and is now in operation in several of the wards. E. C. Hanson is the inventor. Early in the war period a complete installation of the apparatus was donated to an overseas naval base hospital by the Ebell Club of Los An- geles. But as yet it has not been put to wide enough use to make it lose its novelty. The music is heard through the medium of a receiver of the telephone pattern, but it is not an ordinary tele- phonic connection that conveys the sound waves. The cords of a receiver are just snapped into the bedspring of a hospital patient’s cot. Metallic con- nection to the sending wires is not necessary. To prove this to one un- believer, cords of two receiving sets were clasped together and the two men holding the receivers both jumped up off the floor at the same time, so that there was no connection of metal, floor or solid material. The music was heard while they were in the air the same as when standing on the floor. - A phonograph with the wireless transmitting apparatus and the receiv- ing apparatus are shown in the ac- companying illustrations. The small clasp of the receiver is fastened to metal, as a bedspring or a radiator, and the receiver placed to the ear. One of the Walter Reed patients wheeled himself out on the porch and attached the clasp to one of the wire spokes of a wheel of his chair. It worked just the same. The technical description of the equipment which follows is from The Come-Back, the famous newspaper edited and published by the boys of Walter Reed : - “The apparatus consists of a cen- tral transmitting unit (Fig. 1) in the library in the ‘reconstruction block’ of the hospital. This unit distributes music and speech through the agency of electro-static energy transmitted into the wards, and is received by small bedside receiving sets furnished to the patients. “The central transmitting unit com- prises a modified Aeolian-Vocalion equipped with an electrical apparatus and switchboard in place of the usual amplifying sound horn. Attached to the tone arm of the machine is a special casting carrying radially a group of telephone transmitters which are connected to electrical energy transforming devices which convert | § § the music vibrations into electro-static energy. This energy in turn pro- duces a varying electro-static field over the area of the hospital wards, causing the response of any number of individual bedside receiving sets. “The source of power to operate the transmitter is an Edison storage battery of the latest type contained in the lower compartment of the machine in the space usually provided for records. The battery is maintained in charged condition by the provision of a miniature General Electric charg— ing outfit contained in the compart- ment, and so wired that the battery may be recharged by the mere attach- ment of the apparatus to an electric light socket. “It is possible not only to furnish all classes of music to the patients but, by operating a simple switch secured to the panel on the front of the ma- chine, to transmit stories and news- paper articles to the wards by speak- ing into a small hand transmitter which is flexibly connected to the switchboard of the machine. “The bedside receiving sets, fur- nished individually to patients, consist principally of a high impedance tele- phone receiver, connected through a flexible cord to a very small volume modulating device, which in turn con- nects through a length of flexible cord with a spring clip adapted for quick connection to the metal or spring of the patient’s bed. º “A feature of this invention is that the patient can vary the intensity of the received music by simply varying the position of the hand on the volume modulating device and thus prevent any disturbance to nearby patients. “Any number of receiving sets can be placed in use throughout a hospital. limited only by the effective radius of the electro-static energy.” John McCormick, on one of his Western trips, witnessed a demonstra- tion of a machine of this character. While strolling through an orange grove and carrying one of the receiv- ing sets above described he listened to his own vocal records being played at a considerable distance. | § MECHANISM AND RECEIVER OF AERIAL MUSIC EQUIPMENT T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Resolutions on Death of Robert Bacon Resolutions on the death of Colonel Robert Bacon, former Secretary of State, were adopted at a meeting of the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross, held June 6. In announcing the death of Colonel Bacon the chairman stated that the United States had lost a valued, patri- otic and loyal citizen; that during the entire period of the great war Colonel Bacon had given the greater part of his time and service to the relief of the sick and wounded, both of the Allies and his own country, in the spirit of the Red Cross; that from December 5, 1905, until March 4, 1909, while Assistant Secretary of State, Colonel Bacon was a member of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, and that during his official connection with the Ameri- can Red Cross, especially at the time of the San Francisco earthquake and fire in 1906, and the earthquake in Italy in 1908, he gave wise counsel, helpful service and general support to the work of the organization. It was voted: “That the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross, in extend- ing the profound sympathy of the organization to the family of this emi- nent American, desire to place on record this expression of its sincere appreciation of the services, both to the Red Cross and humanity, of this brave, unselfish soldier; this honor- able, chivalrous gentleman; and, fur- ther, that the secretary be instructed to forward a copy of this resolution to Colonel Bacon's family.” To Prepare Nursing Instructors An appropriation of $12,500 has been made by the Red Cross Execu- tive Committee to be used as a fund, under the direction of the Department of Nursing, for scholarships to nurses who desire to prepare as instructors in nurses’ training schools. There is a great demand for such instructors, due to the fact that during the war very few nurses have been able to prepare to serve in that capacity, and also because of the increasing interest in Public Health nursing, training schools quite generally have recon- structed their whole plan of work and study to admit of new subjects and new affiliations, and have, often- times, increased the size of their classes in order to include in their curriculum, instruction in Public Health work during the period of training. Many nurses who have been released from military service are anxious to prepare as training school instructors, but few are financially able to do so, and it is expected that § § § § - | SECTION ON TUBERCULOSIS, § º CANNES MEDICAL CONFERENCE § Left to right (standing)—Major A. H. Garwin, D. Livingston Farrand, Dr. Cesare Baduel, Dr. Edward R. Baldwin, Prof. Edoardo Maragliano; (sitting) Sir John Lumsden, Dr. Camillo Golºi, Dr. F". N. Kay Menzies, Prof. D. E. Roux, Sir Arthur Newsholme. the creation of this scholarship fund will enable many to take the required preparatory course of instruction. In addition to the scholarship fund, $2,500 has been granted as a loan fund for those nurses who may find it pos- sible to bear the major portion of the expense of a preparatory course as in- Structor. º The preparation of ºnstructors through this scholarship º oan fund will prove a very important contribu- tion toward the future education and preparation of Public Health nurses. - “One Hundred Per Cent Worth While” The Rev. Francis P. Duffy, who was chaplain of the 165th Regiment (New York's old 69th), of the Rain- bow Division, A. E. F., contributes the following to a recent issue of the The Catholic News: “I think that I never saw finer women anywhere than the Red Cross women in service overseas. At every point that their operations touched our regiment they showed up 100 per cent worth while—nurses in the hospitals, canteen workers at railway stations and at docks. Workers and all, they were splendid, high-spirited American women whom one can only praise. “They were always where they should be at the time they should be. Nobody had to look twice for them. Sometimes they were where you would never think of their being— under fire, for instance. Take the time at Chalons when the three or four girls who were in charge of the rail- way station canteen remained under fire for days because they wouldn't de- serf their job of feeding the soldiers Sir Robert W. Philip, Prof. Albert Calmette, who were constantly passing through. And they stuck, mind you, when more than half of the native population evacuated. They were in momentary - danger of their lives, but they went ahead without a thought of them- selves. I regret that I cannot recall all their names. One was a Miss Nott, I think, of an old New England fam- ily, and another was Miss Wilson, an aunt of Major Hamilton Fish. “There is nothing too good to say about women like that. I’ll subscribe to the most enthusiastic praise that can be thought.” This Boy Is Some Knitter James Morgan, a Benton City, State of Washington, boy, is the pride of the Yakima Chapter of the Ameri- can Red Cross. Prevented by rheu- matism from participating in out-of- doors Red Cross activities, this youth worked hour after hour and day after day making knitted articles that mount to astonishing totals. Here are the figures showing what James Morgan has produced: Sweaters, 67. Wristlets, 28 pairs. Socks, 7 pairs. Mufflers, 4. Refugee sweaters, 3. Refugee stockings, 5 pairs. He thus has 114 knitted articles to his credit. The sweaters mean 3,016 hours' work; the wristlets, 224 hours; socks, 112 hours; mufflers, 160 hours; refu- gee sweaters, 144 hours; refugee stockings, 100 hours. All told, this amounts to 3,756 hours. 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN NECHKOWITCH, THE SERB In a tuberculosis sanatorium, pic- turesquely situated in the Swiss Alps, where the tang of the mountain air and the pungent scent of the pines brings new vigor to ailing bodies, there is a Serb, Nechkovitch by name, who has suffered much, as many Serbs have of late years, and who claims the Red Cross as his “friend, indeed,” since it befriended him and his courageous wife when they were greatly in need. He will tell you about it too, if you sit with him awhile on the sunlit gallery that looks out over the tops of pine trees towards snow-capped heights and blue skies. Nechkovitch is a slender man of medium height. His eyes are deep set and keen, and in his expression there lurks that mystery, that seriousness that is typical of the faces of those who have suffered, as the Serbs have ºffered. It is the history of Serbia, ºiétéï where all may read. And º: - - - º: - - †. intellect and intelligence; and ºucation. -- classes of society. It was most dem- ocratic of all in the Balkans. Nech- *kovitch was a judge in his native ---> * ... £ountry, although he is comparatively : º *Young in yeays—a tribute to his per- sonal ability, for in Serbia only by 3 years of special training and diligence º- can one climb the ladder of success. It is a land that believes in thºroughness. There are no mushroºm suckesses, no ºf sudden bursts intº the firmament of stardom. " _ -- º Thº' war touchéºlº all .." Nechkovitch was a soldier, too, of | § § § S º § * . course, having taken part in the great retreat of 1915. Discharged as unfit for further service, he and his wife, unabfe, ſo return to their old home, yand for weeks, cold and hungry, elter, —without money, mountains of Serbia. sea, they stow away— muth sºpe for pride supply ship and reach– ºre perhaps there is hope, Rechkovitch is sick now. ºft spots burn in his cheeks brm is a shadow. But the § º - § CAPE MARTIN ON THE RIVIERA, IN LEAVE AREA OF SOLDIERS OF A. E. F. | | º RUINs or RowAN Towtºrºaſt LA TURBIE, FRANCE, one of INTEREs.TING spots º Fort Tour. ISTS OF A. E. F. º º wife holds a “brivet” from a Serbian university. She is a doctor of medi- cine and she hopes to be able to prac- tice in France, after the baby is born. Nechkovitch obtains a position in the offices of the Serbian Red Cross branch, but is hardly strong enough for the work. The advent of the baby but increases the tension of the eco- nomic situation. Nechkovitch grows worse. The mother cannot engage in her profession with a tiny baby to care for. And then the American Red Cross discovered them. It was the silver lining to the blackest cloud. Cases as sad as this were not uncommon in the Red Cross experience. “So, here I am,” says Nechkovitch, cheerfully. From the pocket of his dressing gown he takes a photograph. There is a pretty dark-eyed woman and a smiling baby. “They are in France,” he says, “I shall soon be well enough to go to them, however. I hope it will not be long before we can go back to our home in Serbia. I want my son to be a Serb.” - Rooms at Red Cross Club ... The Red Cross Woman's Club has * Several vacant rooms in its club house # which are available for rental by Red Cross workers. The rental price of these rooms, with board (breakfast and dinner) is $40 per month for club members and $45 per month for non- members. The rates for table board are: Breakfast, 25 cents for members and 35 cents for non-members; din- ner, 50 cents for members and 75 cents for non-members. The club dining room is open to everyone, JUN 26 tº *The Red Cross Bulletin Wol. III - WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 23, 1919 No. 26 vitality and strength. Many can think back to the times when they have waited at a sick-room door, facing the realization that if scarlet fever did not PREVENTABLE DISEASE GREATEST OF DISASTERS Something About the Country-Wide Public Health Campaign and Red Cross Public-Health Nursing Activities In the public mind the Red Cross means disaster relief—a great national energy capable of mobilization on al- most an hour's notice in time of catas- trophe. Previous to 1914 this had meant fire, flood, tornado, and earth- quake. The great war, which has brought so many new interpretations and solutions to old problems, has opened up a new field to the Red Cross which reaches far into the fu- ture generations, and which offers an opportunity for service in compari- son to which the Red Cross war pro- gram indicates only an initial step. The most tragic, and the most costly disaster which has ever f a c e d the United States, or the world, is pre- ventable disease. Like the poor, it is always with us; we have regarded it with a Job-like pa- tience alternating with despair. But we have done little to fight it. With the coming of peace, the Red Cross is joining in a con- structive effort to combat slowly, steadily and persistently this uncom- º % 2 prehended disaster until public health organization and education have be- come universal. The need for such activity is very great. Forty-eight thousand Ameri- can soldiers have met “battle-deaths.” with the American Expeditionary Forces overseas. Here at home 300,000 babies and young children have died, many of whom might have been saved had they received nursing care and possessed the strength which might have been theirs before birth A VISITING had their mothers known how to safe- guard their own health. The nation's roll of infant mortality is nine times as long as its roll of honor. These sol- diers have left a glorious national pride and heritage; these babies mean only that some woman is grieving over a cradle which, perhaps, might not have been empty had she only had the advantages of expert medical and nursing care. º NURSE IN THE MOUNTAINS OF NORTH CAROLINA Preventable disease claims many American women. Sixteen thousand mothers die every year in giving birth to babies. Perhaps no group of citi- zens are more valuable or more neces- sary to the nation than are these women. Every death means a home broken up, and perhaps one or more children who will never know what it is to have a “really-truly mother.” This is a fundamental loss to the nation as well as to individual and community 1ife. Contagious diseases reap great har- vests of suffering, both on the part of the child and its parents, and often bring serious handicaps to future * take their child’s life, it might leave it with defective eyesight or hearing. In spite of antitoxin, diphtheria alone destroyed 15,000 children last year. The condition of the public health is as grave among adults as among chil- dren. The nation loses between 150,000 and 200,000 young men and women in the prime of life from tuberculosis. These deaths, which are a complete loss to the nation, are almost entirely preventable. - Five hundred thousand more are perhaps bedridden all the time from this one ca use. Venereal disease has become SO grave a menace that the Federal Gover n m ent is launching a nation- wide publicity cam- paign, through medium of the mo tion pictures, to check it. The in- fluenza epidemic º has world cas- ualty 6,000,- 000 p. The % - greatest w ºl history has no su record as this. The fact that this disaster is unnecessary and largely preventable makes it worth talking about and worth doing something about. In the last two or three decades great discoveries have been made in scientific medicine; discoveries which have made known the causes under- lying disease, the channels through which diseases are communicated and spread, and the means of safeguard- ing these channels and thus checking the spread of disease. Medicine used to be concerned principally in curing individual sick people. It has now taken on a wholly different aspect, concerning itself with great energy in the social significance of disease, and T EI E … R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN its prevention as well as its cure. The treating of disease has become a social rather than an individual problem. The whole science of medicine has taken on a new character and has rapidly developed new machinery for putting into practice the new idea of public health. The progress made in the development of public health ad- ministration and education means as much to the nation as the development of electricity, the telephone or any other modern invention. Because of this progress, disease is no longer in- evitable and uncontrollable. Health has become a purchasable commodity and can be put within the reach of all through organized effort and wide- spread education. It is possible to build machinery which will eliminate much sickness and make health the common property of all. The country has greater natural health advantages than the city, and probably had a lower sickness and death rate some thirty years ago than did the city. With the congestion of city life the menace to the health of city people became so serious that it was necessary to build up administra- tive machinery for protecting the pub- lic health. In the last two or three decades the cities, facing this danger, have taken advantage of the dis- coveries of scientific medicine and have built up strong protective and preventive health activities. So suc- cessful has this application of scien- tific public-health measures been that the cities have not only overcome their handicap, but now are actually safer places in which to live than is the country. They have met and tri- umphed over the dangers of congested population, and are now outdistancing N | § § § º § e . | § N INSTRUCTING CAMP-FIRE GIRLS IN even the natural advantages of the country. It is much more difficult to apply scientific public health procedures in the country than in the cities because of the distances between homes. Pub- lic water, sewer and scavenger systems are not feasible in the country. Nor is it easy to provide adequate medical, hospital, nursing and public health facilities. The country, trading on its natural advantages, has lagged behind in joining the modern public health crusade. It is now, however, wide awake to the fact that it has been lagging behind, and that its mortality and morbidity rates are higher than those in the big cities. It has accepted typic AE, PUBLIC HEALTH PARADE IN A sm ALL RURAL community—THE PUBLIC ---- r -- - - HEALTH NURSE CARRIES THE “CLEAN UP” BANNER -- § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § sº sº. ARTIFICAL RESPIRATION.—A SUMMER. ACTIVITY IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH CAMPAIGN the challenge and is entering the fight, determined not only to overtake the city but to leave it far behind. Our rural people, who constitute more than one-half of the population of the na- tion, are ready to make a serious study of the health situation in their localities, and to work out for them- selves practical applications of the science of public health. The national government and state boards of health in many states are active in efforts to secure for the coun- iry and small towns the advantages that have so long been monopolized by the cities. No plans which the gov- ernment or the state boards of health may make, however, can achieve full results, unless they meet with the un- derstanding and popular support of the people themselves. In order to secure this understanding and support it is necessary to have in every vil- lage and in the country groups of in- telligent, active citizens who will be responsible for building up in their communities popular knowledge of local conditions and of corrective measures, and a widespread under- standing of the value of health and desire to protect it. If there could be in every village, town and country throughout the nation such an organ- ized group of health promoters the whole problem of rural sanitation and health would soon be solved. This group would not only be the vehicle through which the national govern- ment and state agencies could dis- tribute literature and secure a hearing for their plans, but would also be an instrument for pointing out to the state and the government their duties and obligations to the rural com- T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN munities throughout the country. The Red Cross has in every hamlet and town just the group that might form this nucleus to study health mat- ters, to help local health authorities, to extend local health work and to sup- port and strengthen the health activi- ties of the state and the government. Many plans, both national and state, are under way for the promotion of public-health work and public-health nursing in the country, but none of these plans meet the whole need or are possible of immediate entire achieve- ment. There still exist great gaps which may be filled only by the efforts of the people themselves. The Red Cross is developing, in its chapters and branches, committees on nursing activities, to act as volunteer health promoters for the very purpose of filling these gaps. In the cities the duties of this com- mittee will be largely to help and strengthen the ex- isting agencies. In the smaller places its duties will be much extended and will often include the organization of the community for health work and in many places the establishment of community or county nurs in g services. It will have an oppor- tunity to study the problems of rural health work more extensively th a n they have ever been studied before, and to carry On demonstrations and experiments in rural nursing, which will perhaps solve the difficult problem of pro- viding adequate nursing care for coun- try people. They will have a great opportunity to study and perhaps to work out some of the most difficult problems which are now perplexing students of public health, and their contribution to the development of the vitality and the health of the nation will be very great. The development of committees on nursing activities in the chapters and branches is under way under the di- rection of the directors of Nursing and Public Health Nursing in the divisions. It is not being done hastily or en masse, but slowly and carefully after the chapters and branches have had an opportunity to study the whole project, and to arrive at a preliminary conception of the task they are under- | taking. The work these committees are being organized to perform will not be superficial or haphazard, but will be carefully formed, pains- taking and thorough-going. They will be provided with information, guides, working plans, suggestions and assist- ance every step of the way, in order that they may have a ground work of accurate knowledge on which to build their efforts to improve local health conditions. A strong staff of advisers is being built up in the divisions, whose entire time will be given to helping the committees with this work. No effort will be made, however, to develop country work according to city pat- terns. Instead every effort will be made to work out entirely new pat- terns for rural and small town health º NO COMMUNITY SO SMALL BUT THERE'S WORK FOR THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE This Western mining camp has one of the very best of them activities, and the people themselves will help to make these patterns. While the committees on nursing activities are getting under way with their studies and plans the first group of public health nurses to undertake the technical part of their work is being prepared in various post-gradu- ate schools. The demand for public- health nurses so far outruns the sup- ply that every effort must be concen- trated for the next few months in preparing far greater numbers of them. Many are at present making preparation, and will be ready for some of the chapters and branches in the fall. Many more are entering the fall classes and will be ready by mid- winter. Many of the chapters and branches are helping to interest gradu- ate nurses in public-health nursing, and are making it possible for them to get this necessary additional prepa- ration through chapter scholarships, or by recommending them for national scholarships. The intervening months, however, before the committees on nursing ac- tivities can develop a community nursing service are by no means lost time. There is much for each com- mittee to do in making a careful study of the local situation, determining the best plans for the development of health work, and building up under- standing of, and support for, the work of the community nurse. A wide- awake, active committee can do very much towards preparing the ground while waiting for the appointment of a public-health nurse. Her activities will be far more productive if this preparation is made before she ar- rives. Efforts for the next few months, therefore, will be directed to w a rid getting all of this preliminary study and work started. Reports are com- ing in from the di- visions that many chapters have al- ready organized their committees on nursing activities and are anxious to undertake this very scheme of study and preparation be- fore inaugurating a nursing service. This report is typical of many being sent in by the division, directors of Public - Health Nursing. “Here I found a very wide- awake committee on nursing activi- ties, well organized, seeking informa- tion, anxious to study the whole proposition from all angles and pre- ferring to wait until a very competent public health nurse can be secured.” Careful plans are being laid at headquarters for the inauguration of what might be called an extension course for the committees on nursing activities, which will acquaint them with the field of public health, its ad- ministration management, and rela- tion to community welfare, and will prepare them to become intelligent health promoters in their own com- munities. James L. Fieser, formerly director of Civilian Relief of the Lake Divi- sion, and for the last two months act- ing assistant director general of the Department of Civilian Relief at headquarters, has been appointed associate director general. 4 THE RE D C Ross B U L LET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WoodRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. DE For EST. . . . . . . . . . ... Vice-President John SKELTon WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . ... Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingsron FARRAND..C. hairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERIck C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 23, 1919 - Public Health The public health problem of the nation is the health of the commun- ity—not solely the health of the con- gested large city, but of the rural vil- lage, hamlet and county. Science and hygiene have done and are doing much for the great centers of population; the public health movement of the day seeks to carry the blessings of pro- fessional nursing and health training into the highways and byways of the vast open country, to the end that an ideal may be fully realized. The leading article in this number of THE BULLETIN presents the needs of the movement in the interest of pub- lic health which the American Red Cross is pushing, and sets forth the plans for the accomplishment of the desired results. Red Cross chapters, reaching with their action and influ- ence every corner of the land, in con- sequence of the organization effected in time of war, are natural agencies for furthering this important peace- time movement. Application of typ- ical Red Cross energy and vim will insure its success. - This summer, while the wartime spirit of doing is still warm, is a propi- tious season for putting the health work of nation-wide scope on a firm basis. Months ago plans were made to start the general campaign; arrange- ments were perfected for sending trained nurses, of experience in the war, upon the Chautauqua circuits to arouse the interest of the rural pop- ulation; reams of literature were pre- pared for circulation throughout the country. Following all this the essen- tial thing is to have the rural com- munities make active preparations to put the health program into actual practice. How greatly interested the country as a whole is in the movement, is evi- denced by the demands for literature on the subject and the inquiries that are pouring into National and Division Headquarters of the Red Cross for information on various points in con- nection with the campaign. There is a tremendous desire to get acquainted with the visiting nurse in an imper- sonal way. That this desire may be fulfilled and eventually amplified by an acquaintance with her in her ac- tual presence in every community is an ideal to which approach is tending. Once the public health program is generally installed as an operative force, it will be found exceedingly simple of continuance. -- brace not alone the nursing of the sick, but the cultivation of a practical interest in many matters that will combine to make life for the living and future generations more Secure. This is merely an admonition to Red Cross chapter workers to keep the in- terest in the movement keyed up, by spreading information and helping, to every possible degree, in inaugurating action in their respective spheres of influence. The Welfare Works of Peace In an article appearing on another page, Sir Arthur Newsholme suc- cinctly states the reasons why the Red Cross is the proper medium for car- rying out the world-wide humanitarian tasks that must be undertaken in the peace era following the great war. Sir Arthur speaks as a scientist of world vision, and the force of his words readily will be appreciated by the lay- men as well as the experts of the American Red Cross. sº A thing important to understand is that the welfare works of peace time are not to be approached in any spirit of easy-going. The service to be per- of the chapters is to make the general public see, and keep seeing, the terrible dis- It will em- formed is not for the dilettante, any more than was the service called for in the period of war. It is going to be hard, uphill work, requiring, as the eminent English authority declares, vision, persistence and unselfishness. Many tasks of tremendous proportions must be undertaken by governments, individually and collectively; but in the relief of acute distress, the Red Cross constitutes the agency for or- ganized action because of its non- political, non-sectarian character and general disinterestedness, and, by the same token, its genuine popularity. All these facts are to be borne in mind when the appeal is made to the American people a few months hence, to give their support to the Red Cross peace program. The duty is plain and cannot be shirked. It is not to be imagined for an instant that Amer- ica would think of shirking in any degree the obligation to perform its due share of the work for the welfare world, as well as the carrying its own domestic welfare activ- spresent duty of Red Cross tress that exists—the needs that must be met through the hearts of the Amer- ican people. Realization of conditions will bring the response that will in- sure the necessary measure of relief. changes in Naval Personnel W. E. Lieutenant Commander Eaton (M. C.), U. S. N., formerly naval representative in the Military Relief Department of the Red Cross, has been transferred by the Navy De- partment, and has been succeeded by Lieutenant Commander Joel T. Boone (M. C.). Under Commander Boone's super- vision come Red Cross activities in naval hospitals and hospital ships, mat- ters affecting the Navy in so far as medicine or surgery is concerned, matters pertaining to the welfare of men in naval hospitals and hospital ships, and Red Cross work among con- valescent patients of the Navy and Marine Corps. Commodore A. V. Wadhams, U. S. N. (retired), will continue also as a representative of the Navy Depart- ment. His supervision is related to general warfare work for the officers and men of the Navy, other than those in naval hospitals and hospital ships. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Some Phases of the Situation in Wealthy Serbs Live in Stables BELGRADE, June 3.—In districts in northern Serbia wealthy families have been found by Hoover Food Mission men and American Red Cross officers living in stables and henneries. Those who still had roofs above their heads were more fortunate than many of the refugees from Bulgarian detention camps, who have returned to find their homes obliterated or destroyed beyond repair. Rich residents of dozens of Serbian towns have been found sleeping under the stars on heaps of straw and cov- ered with burlap. Families which had been comparatively wealthy before the war returned to their homes or the heaps of ruins where their homes had been, penniless and with no clothing except that which they wore. In some cases the refugees, stripped of their remaining rags at the Bulgarian fron- tier after the armistice, made their way across Serbia in burlap bags in which Red Cross rice and food had been wrapped. The condition of the Serbian poor is beyond description. A large pro- portion of the poor are without homes. Added to this distressing condition is the fact that in most families the wage- earners are dead. The mother in the average family in Serbia is now obliged to support herself and chil- dren on what she can produce with her own labor, and that of her chil- dren, on a small farm stripped of its machinery and tools, and in most cases with only the walls of the buildings still standing. Generally, the meager stores for this spring's seeding have been taken by the enemy. Her house, if it has not been destroyed, generally is found to be stripped of furniture, bedding, clothing, and, in certain Sec- tions, of doors and windows. American School Methods in Albania TIRANA, ALBANIA, June 1–An American Red Cross relief commis- sion, with food, clothing and medical supplies for Albania, has arrived and is now well established in its work. Units of doctors, nurses, dentists, and relief workers are doing excellent work at Tirana, Scutari, Kraiova, Elbassan, Durazze, Berat, Barbalusa and Sinjar. - At Tirana a dispensary, a hospital and a dental clinic are in operation. In addition there is a general relief ware- house. American women are in charge of a sewing room for native women, and American school teachers are teaching and doing child-welfare work in the schools. At Scutari there is a Red Cross warehouse, a dispensary, a dental clinic, a general relief warehouse and Soup, bread and clothing lines. A unit also is working at Kraiova and at El- bassan a dispensary and a warehouse have been set up and general relief work is being done. There is a warehouse at Durazzo, and at Berat general relief work is being carried on. At Barbalusa, south of Scutari, there are 2,000 refugees being fed by the Red Cross. A relief expedition also has been sent to Sinjar. In addition numerous other traveling units consisting of doctors, nurses, dentists and relief workers have been sent into the mountains with camion loads of supplies of all sorts. In the schools of Albania, American teachers are instructing the children in gymnastics, games, calisthenics, foot drill, English and hygiene. The chil- dren are given lectures on tubercu- losis and malaria. They are taught how to brush their teeth, to bathe themselves, to care for their heads and to keep their nails clean. ~, Every child admitted into the schools is thoroughly “deloused” and then cleanly clothed in American garments. Girls are taught knitting, sewing and embroidery. Most of the children need to be taught the use of the hand- kerchief. Hot rice, chocolate and crackers are given the children at noon. American school teachers also are instructing young Albanian women in the latest methods in use in Ameri- can schools. Soup Kitchens in Roumania BUCHAREST, June 2.—The Ameri- can uniform is becoming a familiar sight in Bucharest. Army officers, couriers between the American em- bassies and legations of eastern Eu- rope, members of the Food Mission and officers of the Red Cross are all to be found here. In addition, there are about thirty American Red Cross women, nurses and clerical workers at the Hotel Metropole on the Calea Victorei. - The Red Cross has offices at 30 Boulevard Dascar Catargiu. Red Cross units have been sent out all over Roumania with American rolling soup kitchens, augmented by a score of “goulash cannon” recently captured from the bolsheviks and turned over to the American Red Cross by the Roumanian government. Americans also have established canteens in two schoolhouses in Buch- arest, one for civilians and the other, near the Gard du Nord, for soldiers. American relief stations have been the Near East established at Galatz, on the Danube, where there are fourteen Red Cross workers; at Constanza, on the Black Sea; at Pitesci, Turnu-Severinu, and several other large cities. In addi- tion, a yacht formerly owned by King Peter, of Serbia, plies up and down the Danube distributing Red Cross Supplies. Both the Food Mission and the Red Cross have warehouses in Constanza and Galatz. In Bucharest the Red Cross is clothing the poor of all six districts of the city, representatives with motor trucks of clothing visiting one district daily and covering the city in a week. Bucharest hospitals and orphan asylums also are being assisted, and field workers report that in all nearly a hundred Roumanian hospitals have been aided with Amer- ican medical supplies. American den- tists have opened a free clinic in the Coltea Hospital. Smallpox and typhus are raging in the Danube towns and in the Deb- rudja, and a special mission of Amer- ican doctors has been sent from Buch- arest to fight the diseases. “Clean Up” Time in Constantinople Constantinople is being cleaned up by the Allies and soon it will be like a western European city. The regen- eration of Turkey is commencing with a general sanitary campaign in which the American Red Cross Commission to the Balkans has been asked to aid. “American sanitary engineers of the Goethals type are badly needed out here” declares an American doctor, in correspondence from the Near East. “Sewage systems must be installed throughout the Near East in hundreds of towns. Constantinople must be cleaned up. till it looks like a Swiss housewife's kitchen. Mosquito net- ting by the millions of bales must be brought over. Local doctors do not believe in the screening of sick beds or hospital windows. They must go to School again in their profession. Swamps and unhealthy valleys must be drained. The people must be driven out of the filthy centers of disease into the open country where the sun can get at them and where they can engage in healthy farm work. - “The roads over which we are trying to get our automobiles, filled with Red Cross supplies for the underfed of central Serbia, are quite impassa- ble. From Salonica to Belgrade the roads are lined with tens of thousands of skeletons and rotting carcasses of animals. Soldiers’ graves, thinly screened with earth, skirt the roads. 6 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN FOLLOWING RED CR0ss TRAIL Eliot Wadsworth Writes of Things Seen on Observation Tour In North France All the work at home, in the line of making and sending abroad of gar- ments to clothe the destitute people of devastated France, finds its recompense in knowledge of the need which these supplies have filled, according to a letter written by Eliot Wadsworth, member of the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross, and for- merly vice-chairman of the War Council, to James Jackson, manager of the New England Division. Mr. Wadsworth wrote from Paris under date of May 9, as follows: “I want to give you some idea of the work which the Red Cross is doing in the devastated area in Northern France. To describe the area itself is utterly impossible “We went up last Sunday to Coucy-le-Chateau, Chauny and Noyon. All I can say is that from Soissons north, then west, over somewhat bat- tered roads for perhaps forty miles, we never saw a house or a factory, or a station, or a municipal building that was not seriously damaged or laid flat by shell fire. It was here that the French drove the Germans back foot by foot, and with their own artillery were forced to demolish the homes which were being used by the Ger- mans for protection. Can you imag- ine any worse task for the French soldier? It is only one more incident which throws further light on the feel- ing of the French people towards the Germans. “In nearly every village, there are a few people living among the ruins. Any kind of shelter seems to do; an old cellar on which the house has been tumbled down, half a room open to the air, the other half having been blown away; patched up dugouts often showing by smoke coming out on the top that they were being used for homes. - “In the fields the work of planting was going on—of course, on a piti- fully small scale. In the areas which are so badly destroyed they cannot get enough people back to go over the ground for spring planting, but where- ever there are enough people, little patches of gardens and wheat are already in evidence. Everywhere there are German prisoners, and even though it was Sunday, they were at work in the fields and among the debris. “At Noyon, a very badly battered town, formerly of some 7,000 people, we found the office of the Red Cross delegate to that district. She certainly lives the simple life! In one of the few slightly damaged houses, on a little side street, she has fitted up three bare rooms, one just large enough for a table and three dilapidated chairs, which is used as an office; one with room enough for two small iron beds and a packing box for a washstand, while the third, smaller still, is used as a kitchen. None of the doors fit, windows are made of oiled paper, glass being almost extinct in this district. “There she lives with ruins all about and spends every day visiting the dif- ferent towns and villages nearby. As a result of these visits lists are made up showing the needs of the different French committees, and these lists are sent to the central warehouse of the district to be filled by camion or railroad shipments. “With the roads and the railroads as they are, it is still slow work get- ting the supplies to the central ware- house and ultimately getting them where they would do the most good. Perhaps 2,000 tons a month may be considered as an average at the be- ginning of the work. Now that the weather is better we are going much faster. The people come back faster, too, so that there is a rush every min- ute in this department. “Those who have worked at home making refugee garments, knitting sweaters and collecting old clothes would feel well repaid if they knew the need which these supplies fill after they have made the long complicated journey from the division warehouse to the devastated areas in France § “The central and local government organizations are doing more all the time. The warm weather cheers everyone up: we have had a week of bright sunshine, which means every- thing to the farmer. From the people themselves comes an inspiration which can never be measured. The spirit which enabled France to carry her burden through the war is still burn- ing brightly in the struggle of recon- struction. The desire to get back to their own home is the life motive, par- ticularly of the old people. They come trooping back with many of the same family belongings with which they escaped before the Huns. Their first thought is to dig about among the ruins to see what is left, often to plant a little French flag as a token of their return, and then to work. “Surely they will be rewarded and that once smiling country will smile again!” Left-Over Yarn Goes Into Garments Sixty-five tons of knitting yarn, originally purchased by the American Red Cross for the making of socks and sweaters for American soldiers, has been manufactured into 78,000 yards of cloth, and 33,000 shawls fifty inches square, and shipped abroad to help provide for the des– titute war sufferers of Europe. In addition, the American Red Cross has, since the first of the year, shipped 1,060,617 pounds of yarn and more than 22,500,000 yards of ma- terial for the making of garments— textiles valued at $11,295,141, and in- cluding dress goods, canton flannel, outing flannel, bathrobing, etc. § s - N º N A TROOP TRAIN IN FRANCE—AMERICAN SOLDIERS ON THEIR WAY TO EMBARKA- TION PORT, HOMEWARD BOUND T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MUST UNDO THE EVILs OF WAR Sir Arthur Newsholme, Eminent Eng- lish Specialist, Indicates Peace Duties of Red Cross (Editor's Note.—Sir Arthur News- holme is one of Great Britain's fore- most medical specialists. He is best known to the medical profession of the world as an expert in tubercular work and in infant mortality matters, and was chairman of the Child Wel- fare Section at the Cannes Medical Conference which prepared a pro- gram for the World League of Red Cross Societies. He has been making a tour of America since the adjourn- ment of the conference.) By SIR ARTHUR NEWSHOLME The Red Cross is the body best fitted to promote the welfare works of peace. It is trusted by all; it is, per- haps, the one group that is trusted internationally. It has this happy status because it has been, first, non-partisan; and, sec- ond, unselfish. Trust naturally fol- lows where there are non-partisan- ship and disinterestedness. The Red Cross is non-partisan and unselfish because it was founded upon the ideals of humanity, and because the vast majority of its work has been volunteer work. Those who do good without money return, whose compensation for labor is the giving of happiness, are those in whom trust is placed; and, therefore, are those whose influence for good is greatest. We have come to a time when, through deeds of human goodness, the evils that war brought upon us must be undone, and they must be done through all sorts of welfare efforts. The work will be uphill, expensive and hard; it will require vision, persist- tence and unselfishness. These happen to be the attributes of the Red Cross workers. The Red Cross worker is already organized. He therefore is the one to go ahead with the job. It should be on his mind to bring up his community as closely as pos- sible in physical, mental and moral respects to that ideal of life that the Red Cross exemplifies. It is quite a transition for the Red Cross worker to make. He will be doing things for the folk in his own block instead of for the soldiers in Europe. Everyone was harmonious and united in the item of work in Eu- rope; in the home work there will be opposition and unreasonable snags when men's purses are touched and º º 3. … & 3. º - : º: - - § N § U. S. TRANSPORT GEORGE WASHINGTON, WHICH HAS CONVEYED PRESIDENT, WILSON ON HIS TRANS-ATLANTIC JOURNEY'S, BEING LOADED WITH TROOPS FROM LIGHTER IN HARBOR AT BREST their views of life crossed. Hence the uphill, and sometimes discouraging, character of the task. Even at the risk of sacrifice of some of that nonpartisan status which the Red Cross now holds, I believe the Red Cross worker, acting with the same sincerity he has hitherto had, should go right ahead, trying to help his community as a Red Cross chapter worker just as he tried to help the army as a Red Cross chapter worker. I say “he,” but it is understood that, of course, women are meant as well. Frequently the local chapter can work through existing bodies. Many private, semipublic and public welfare societies have been working for years, and in many places there are public officials whose duties lie along wel- fare lines. The Red Cross chapters should work through these as far as they will function for them. For the job of the Red Cross worker with the volunteer mind is to get the good work done. The American people were in great measure during the war what I may call “Red-Cross-minded.” It is hard to resist the Red Cross ideal. Evil can scarcely resist it. That is why I be- lieve the various chapters should not only continue to act, but should turn their attention to the evils at home as well as to relief at home. Were they to disband now, except as skeleton bodies called into life at Christmas, perhaps, or when another war comes, if one comes, then the huge asset of united memberships, and much of the vast weight for good of the Red Cross mind would be lost. They would not be behind the move- ments of honest improvement in the routine and the spiritual lives of every community. Politics should be avoided unless necessary to achieve an honest end, for the Red Cross is not primarily a fight- ing organization. Nevertheless, it should now be aggressive in peace welfare work. It should declare a war of welfare; and there is nothing wrong, as I see it, about honest fight- ing for honest ends. I hope the great momentum that good-minded people have given good things through the Red Cross will not now cease with the cessation of War. I have merely said these things be- cause I was asked. They are my per- sonal views. I am not speaking of- ficially for the Red Cross, but as an individual interested in welfare work the world over, especially in Britain. Shipment of Comfort Kit “Makings” A shipment to France of the “mak- ings” for thousands of Red Cross com- fort kits has just been authorized by the Central Committee of the Ameri- can Red Cross–$258,655 worth of safety razors, razor blades, shaving soap, tooth brushes, tooth paste, toilet soap, trench mirrors, pocket knives, pencils, cigarette lighters, sewing ma- terials and similar articles. Bags decorated with a Red Cross are being supplied the returning Amer- ican soldiers at ports of embarkation. 8 T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN AT THE GOLONIE SCOLAIRE By LT.-Col. JoHN VAN SCHAICK, JR. (Former A. R. C. Commissioner for Belgium) Up at Furnes I have often seen the ruins of the house where a mother and ber five children were all killed in- stantly one day last July by a German bomb. I have heard the story of the father, one of the Garde Civile, and seen him standing at his post. I have pointed out the ruins many times to visitors and thought of that father coming home from work just ten min- utes after it happened. But I have told it as I have told of the house at Dunkirk, where one bomb killed fifty people in a cellar, or the strong house at Poperinghe destroyed in the same way, or the thirty people asphyx- fated at Calais. It was one of the many horrors. Recently, at the Col- onie Scolaire at Grosfys Chateau, where there are ninety little Belgian boys, I heard the story of Marcel Be- dert and his little brother Odile, and I can never think of that little heap of bricks in Furnes or that lonely policeman at his dangerous post with- out the deepest emotion. - Marcel and Odile had been sent away. Odile and younger children stayed at home. § § § unwrapped it, unwrapped some tissue paper and took out three little pic- tures. They were poor, pitiful little copies of poor family portraits. But one was his mother and three his lit- tle brothers. The other was his two sisters—one a girl sixteen or eighteen, Lº § s N - out she pulled the little boy to her and said in Flemish: “I will kiss you for your mother.” I took great comfort in the next half hour in every evidence I could see of the help the American Red Cross had given to this project (the Colonie § § is § RED CROSS AND ARMY NURSES TAKING LAST LOOK AT FRANCE FROM TUG TAKING THEM TO TRANSPORT IN HARBOR OF BREST N - - - - HOSPITAL WORKERS BOARDING A LIGHTER AT EMBARKATION PIER, BREST, HOMEWARD BOUND Then, one day, Marcel got a letter and he tried to tell us about it. He finally stopped and fumbled in his pocket, where boys keep their great- est treasures. It wasn't a top, or marbles or a knife he brought out. It was a little leather pocket-book. He the other a child two or three. On the back of this picture I read—“Pray for the souls of Julia and Gertrude Be- dert, died July 10, 1917.” There was with me one of the no- blest Belgian women I know, wife of the Minister of Justice. As I went Scolaire), the cows which furnish milk, the sewing machines which make clothes, the clothes themselves. And then, when I saw the ninety boys to- gether, I asked them to think of any special treat they would like from the American Red Cross, that they could get. I expected to hear chocolate, but they all shouted “sausages.” It seems there is a very special sausage made nearby of which they are very fond. “But,” said the good sister, “they cost twenty centimes each (4 cents), that would be eighteen francs.” I said: “Make it thirty-six francs and give them each two sausages. And here are fifty francs, ten dollars; put the balance in figs,” for one little boy had shouted figs. So the story which began with that poor bombed house in Furnes ended with a glad shout at Grosfys Chateau for figs and sausages, America, the American Red Cross, and the Com- mission for Belgium. Col. George P. Filmer, of San Francisco, has succeeded John B. Mil- ler as manager of the Pacific Division. During the war Colonel Filmer was Director of Military Relief for the Pacific Division, and for the past few months has been an associate manager of the division. He is serving as a full-time volunteer. V 5 15 gº - A A- *** ** * Rø Bulleti The Red Cross Bulletin unaw,0 - Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 30, 1919 No. 27 jolly. There is the will-o'-the-wisp of a job to be sought. The soldier is not discouraged, but he can't help thinking about these things, as he lies cAMP SERVICE MOVEs witH UNFLAGGING ZEST Red Cross Activities under the Department of Military Relief Will Continue Until Last Man Is Mustered Out Since the first call to arms, the chief aim of the work of the Amer– ican Red Cross has been the comfort and welfare of the American soldier (soldier being a general term used to designate all fighting men, no matter what arm of the service they may be in), and so it will continue until the last man steps off the gangplank of the last transport, or leaves the yawn- ing doorway of the last hospital and writes “finis” to the war chapter of his life. Directly or indi- rectly, every phase of Red Cross work has tended toward this end. The Red Cross has grown with the needs of the soldiers, and the needs of the soldiers of this war were greater than the needs of any soldiers in any pre- ceding war, for many obvious rea- sons. Under the Department of Military Relief, the Red Cross mapped out an elaborate program for the care of the soldiers “all the way and back again.” With the free scope given it by the War Department, the Red Cross has been able to provide for the soldiers’ welfare wherever he has been and under all circumstances, Out of the line or in, sick, well or con- valescent, maimed or “whole.” Having taken them comfortably “all the way,” the Red Cross is now bringing them back again. The Red Cross is the last to wish them “bon voyage” in a farewell sandwich and a “smoke” as the great ships turn their A. Memorial Day Field Meet under Red Cross Recreation Service Auspices §§ sº STRETCHER HACE AT noses homeward, and the first to greet them on the piers of the debarkation ports of the United States. Care of the returning soldier falls into three branches: (1) Miscellaneous Service for the Comfort and Welfare of Soldiers, (2) Home Service in the Camp, and (3) Recreation. It is dif- ficult to say which of these is the most important, so greatly does each depend on the other, and each branch of service embraces any number of auxiliary services growing out of the main branch, weaving an all-covering net of comfort and relief that spreads like a protecting mantle over each and every soldier of the A. E. F. When the soldier finds himself once more at Brest, facing the West and home, his mind is a theatre of conflicting emotions, mostly joyful, to be sure, but tempered a little with foreboding. There is the wife at home, and the children. There is this stump of an arm which wasn’t very WEST ROXBURY HOSPITAL there in the base hospital, with his stump of an arm or his twisted knee, and waits for the transport that will take him home. When the day comes at last, he is carried aboard on a stretcher. Beside him are a pair of new pajamas, a Red Cross comfort kit and plenty of “smokes.” Aboard there is a Red Cross man with his hands always filled with “extras” that have come to mean essentials –clean underwear and socks, shaving equipment, soap and wash cloths, candy and fruit, and “smokes” be- fore and a fter everything else. On the way to the de- barkation hospital, there is the same old Red Cross smile and the suc- cession of sand- wiches, pie and coffee. At night, while the train speeds towards the army hospital near his own town, there are the can- teen women at the stopping places late in the night, with lemonade, sand- wiches and cigarettes. In April, 1919, 2,337,192 soldiers received the atten- tion of the “Comfort Service.” When the soldier reaches the con- valescent stage, there is the Red Cross house with its home-like features, easy chairs, rugs, music, games, books, newspapers and magazines—the fire- place, the sun parlor or the porch, ac- cording to the season. On fine days there is the Motor Corps that takes the soldiers for delightful country spins with picnic lunches under the open sky. It is by these many small T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN attentions, that mean so much, that the Red Cross endeavors to make “get- ting well” easy, and helps to rob con- valescht days of their boredom. A sick or wounded soldier does not get well soon if his mind is not happily attuned and his personal troubles at rest. Sick, convalescent or well, a sol- dier may have recourse to Home Service, a phase of Red Cross work that has grown to prime importance in the support of the fighting man's morale. With the return of the sol- diers, the need of Home Service does not grow less, nor does the volume of work decrease with the decrease of men in the camps. More effective methods of trouble location, and a careful adaptation of Red Cross ma- chinery to the discharge “mills” in the United States, reveal more and more men needing the aid of Home Service. During the month of May last, the 228 associate and assistant field directors in charge of Home Service handled 32,639 cases for sol- diers and sailors. This is an average month’s work. - Anxiety over home affairs—uncer- tainty over the safety and welfare of loved ones—have done more to weaken the morale of the men than the most grievous wounds received in battle, or even the endurance of short rations, or trying days and nights un- der fire. Red Cross Home Service has endeavored to bridge the gap be- tween the soldier and his home, and to act as the intervening agent to whom all petitions may be trusted and all cares consigned. Five hundred Red Cross Home Service represen- § § *N § § - N § INTERIOR RED CROSS CONVALESCENT HOME, U. S. NAVAL TRAINING STATION, BALBOA PARK, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA tatives are working in the camps of this country and in the army hospi- tals, with their 50,000 patients. In demobilization camps especially, an intensive program presents itself. In the rush and confusion of the dis- charge “mill,” many opportunities ex- ist for personal advice and assistance to the soldier. A little practical service at this point may be the means of sending a man out of the service in a contented and cheerful frame of mind, when otherwise, he might be §§§ Ş N § “ONE-ARMED" BASE BALL TEAM, WALTER READ HOSPITAL, WASHINGTON bitter in his criticism of things in gen- eral. It is only natural that it would be so. Among the latest innovations are the banking agencies, established in twenty-two demobilization camps, under the authority of some nearby clearing-house or bank, enabling a dis- charged soldier to deposit part of his discharge money for transmission to any bank he may designate, in ex- change for a non-negotiable receipt. At Camp Taylor alone, $152,215 was deposited in this way within the space of eleven days. - Illustrative of the serious troubles that are brought to the attention of Home Service in the camps, is a case of a soldier's wife and family being ejected for non-payment of rent. The local Home Service section was noti- fied and the chapter invoked the aid of the Civil Rights Law until the de- layed allotment and allowance were followed up. When the government money came, the wife paid the rent in full. A sailor’s child stricken with tuber- culosis was assured proper medical attention through Home Service. A soldier in a base hospital was anxious about his sick wife and his six chil- dren. A Red Cross man went to the isolated home to investigate the case. The sick mother was sent to a hos- pital in the country, while the chil- dren were provided for until the mother was well enough to return. The delayed government allotment was also secured in this case, which enabled the family to face the winter T II E TR E D C TR O S S R U L L E T IN with a bank balance, income and friends. In innumerable ways, men in the service are being helped to over- come the black burdens of debt and sickness at home. The preservation of the normal life of the home is the ideal towards which all Red Cross agencies touching family life strive. Thus the soldier in camp, sick or well, is relieved of all personal anxiety; the former is relieved of all mental hin- drances to his recovery; the latter has but to serve his best and to wait with what patience he can muster, a virtue that is more easily acquired when Home Service lifts all worry from one’s shoulders. It is perhaps unnecessary to ex- plain the necessity of recreation and diversion in con- valescent camp life. All normal human beings demand it and the soldier is a very normal, very human be in g. Furthermore the health of his body depends upon the tranquillity of his mind. His mind must be carefree and it must be occupied, usefully, or in the pursuit of play. In developing the recreation pro- gram, the slogan has been : “Out of the grandstand into the game,” with the idea of enlist- ing the interest and participation of all patients in the camps or hospi- tals. ſº Of course, such passive entertain- ment as theatrical shows, moving pic- tures, concerts, boxing bouts, phono- graphs, player pianos, baseball games, motoring, is necessary, although it is more diverting than stimulating, and participation is limited to a few, or at least to a few at a time. Actual par- ticipation is necessary if the patient is to encourage his own initiative and to develop the spirit of cooperation and interest. At Fort McHenry and Walter Reed General Hospital, Wash- ington, the one-armed baseball teams defeated their two-armed opponents, who played with one arm tied behind their backs. At U. S. General Hos- pital No 3, Colonia, N. J., there was a one-legged football game on Memo- § Dis§ S This Scene, Showing rial Day, in which the contestants, thirteen to a side, endeavored to kick the ball over a high net, thus scoring a point. Various games and contests have been devised to meet the limited physical possibilities of the disabled patients and to enable them, in so far as possible, to overcome and ignore their handicaps in the zest of the game. - Such play does wonders to restore self-confidence and banish self-con- sciousness. At Camp Custer they have wheel-chair drills; at Fort Sher- idan, decorated wheel-chair parades and wheel-chair 50-yard dashes, and wheel-chair potato races. In fact, every game that was ever devised in MEETING AN IN COMING TRANSPORT Boston Metropolitan Motor and Canteen Service Workers, Is Typical of Red Cross Welcomes to Returning Soldiers any gymnasium, or on any playground or athletic field, can be found on the hospital recreation program, in its or- iginal form or modified to meet re- quirements—baseball, basketball, vol- ley, dodge, push, and medicine ball, tennis, boxing, wrestling, croquet, rope-whipping, knot tying, signaling, military calesthenics, quoits, horse- shoes, etc., etc. The gymnasium at Fort Snelling averages an attendance of over 500 men a day. Athletics, while perhaps the most spectacular of camp sports, is only one phase of the active recreation pro- gram. Community singing is part of the life of every hospital. Singing has been found especially helpful among the “psychopathic.” patients, whose minds have been affected by the war, or by wounds received in battle. Musical instruments have been provided by the Red Cross, and bands and orchestras have been formed in many hospitals. Piano players and victrolas have been placed in every Red Cross convalescent house. Theatrical entertainments have been encouraged and many of these amateur offerings have met with unusual success. The “Camp Lewis Players” are now “on the road” pro- fessionally. Fort Riley produced a successful circus. Mock trials by court-martial have proved highly amusing wherever they have been tried. Moving pic- tures have lost none of their pop- ularity. It was the Red Cross that first experimented with “movies on the ceiling” for the benefit of bed pa- tients. - In conjunction with the Red Cross, the American Li brary Associatio has contributed its part to the recrea- tional program in organizing libraries in all the camps, open to the entire personnel of the post. The dances for the maimed, as well as the “whole,” that take place at the Red Cross houses, are always successful and form one of the most enjoyable events of each week. The breadth and scope of the Red Cross program, planned for the benefit of the return- ing soldier, is readily appreciated. He cannot feel neglected or forlorn as long as the Red Cross is with him, and surely no possible comfort, no pos- sible need has been overlooked. The three great arms work together amica- bly, smoothly, jointly, each performing the tasks that fall within its immediate field, yet extending its activity to dove- tail happily with the other branches. In the field, in the camp, in the home, the Red Cross is omnipresent wherever the soldier goes or wherever his in- terests lie. It knows no armistice, in its fight against sickness, worry, despair or trouble, as they affect the American soldier. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L ET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE, FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTON WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary LIVINGston FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manayer WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 30, 1919: Camp Service THE BULLETIN devotes considerable space this week to the work being car- ried on under the direction of the De- partment of Military Relief, which is fully as important at the present mo- ment as ever it was during the days when the war was in progress and camps throughout the country were filled with recruits training for the º, great adventure. Indeed, the work is now of greater importance, in some respects, than it was before demobil- ization began. Camp Service, which embraces practically everything related to the welfare and comfort of soldiers in this country, both in the demobilization camps and in the hospitals, has as- sumed additional burdens with the re- turn of thousands of wounded men from the base hospitals in Europe. It is only the field relief work abroad that has been lessened by the cessation of hostilities and the rapid evacua- tion of the American troops to their home soil. In consequence, the De- partment of Military Relief will re- main a busy institution for an indef- inite period. People living in the neighborhood of camps, hospitals and ports of de- barkation are kept alive to the im- portance of the Red Cross work in the interest of the returning fighters, whether ill, wounded or in sound health; but it is equally essential that those far removed from contact with the military life in the mass do not forget that the Red Cross activities along the line in question are continu- ing at top-notch energy. It is particu- larly desirable that Red Cross mem- bers distant from the center of such activities be reminded, if not fully in- formed, that the work for soldiers must overlap for a considerable time the work which is being inaugurated in conformity with the great peace program of the Organization. The appeal to the American people for further financing of their Red Cross this fall will bear on essential work for the soldiers, sailors and ma- rines that must be completed, as well as on the new obligations imposed on a humanitarian nation. The Department of Communication Another step in the transition of the American Red Cross from a war to a peace basis is marked by the de- mobilization of the Department of Communication, through which in- formation has been furnished to the families of soldiers regarding casual- ties, sickness, etc., among the troops of the American Expeditionary Forces. This service ceases because no longer necessary as an aid to government sources of information. The Bureau of Communication, starting in May, 1917, with a person- nel consisting of a chief and one clerk, jumped into the estate of a depart- ment soon after American troops be- came active in the game across seas, and suddenly became the largest sin- gle branch at National Red Cross Headquarters, in point of number of employes, not to speak of the army of searchers on duty with the troops in France. It has been a veritable bee-hive of energy, which took an im- petus even after the armistice was signed. It has performed a service of inestimable value and its work forms a conspicuous chapter in the war history of the American Red Cross. As a clearing house of infor- mation it has relieved the doubts and anxieties of the American people re- garding their boys at the front. It has been one of the connecting links between the defenders of liberty and the folks at home. As the chapter closes it is fitting to say a brief word about the man who organized and developed this service. W. R. Castle, a Harvard graduate, and at the time editor of the Harvard Graduate Magazine, was summoned to Washington in the spring of 1917, as the result of a cable from the International Red Cross in Geneva, inquiring as to the personnel of the American Red Cross directly respon- sible for matters relating to prisoners of war, and asked to study the situa- tion with a view to establishing a bu- reau. The service rendered by Mr. Castle from that date until a few months ago, when he was called to serve the Government in an important State Department position, is the his- tory of the Department of Commu- nication. Mr. Castle made a quick study of the rules governing treatment of pris- oners of war, and then went to Europe to install the work there. Almost Over-night the service expanded to tremendous proportions. Without command of the genius for organiza- tion and the executive ability which the Red Cross so fortunately has been able to command at the needed mo- ments, it never could have become the success that it was. Mr. Castle gave his services until the maximum of ef- ficiency had been attained by the de- partment, and even since his tenure of government office has been in con- stant touch with the work as an ad- viser. Beginning with perhaps a hundred letters a week, the Communication mail has risen as high as 150,000 letters in and out per week. During the month of January last, the Department of Communication mail amounted to seventy-eight per cent of the entire Red Cross mail. And at that the foreign mail was counted by parcels instead of the number of post cards they contained. This gives some idea of what the service was. The rest is told by the results, of which the Amer- ican people are informed by personal COntact. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN WAR DEPARTMENT TO SUPPLY INFORMATION Red Cross Supplementary Casualty Service Will Cease July 1, in View of Transfer of Records to the Seat of Government The American Red Cross will dis- continue its supplementary service re- garding casualties and illness among the troops of the American Expe- ditionary Forces, on July 1, and from that date the Adjutant General’s Of- fice in Washington will be the sole source of information on such matters. Reasons for stopping this work will be found in the following statement of the situation and review of activi- ties of the Red Cross Department of Communication. The Bureau of Communication, sub- sequently made a department, was es- tablished in May, 1917. There was no thought of making the Red Cross act as post office; no thought, either, of interfering with the War Depart- ment service of casualty information. The idea was only to fill in the official reports, to give families so far as pos- sible more complete and more inti- mate details regarding their relatives in the service. This purpose has been accomplished, not perfectly, because those who carried it out were human and could not foresee the volume of work that was to come upon them. They know that it has been worth while because, had the service been of little or no value, the Red Cross would not have received thousands of letters every day pleading for in- formation that meant so much. The time has come now when, to attempt to continue would be to pretend to accomplish the impossible. SEARCH work ENDED During the war the American Red Cross had its searchers in all the hos- pitals—men and women who sent to National Headquarters for distribu- tion, news of those who passed through the hospitals; who collected from the patients news of others who were missing or dead. Now the hos- pitals have been demobilized. Only those at the ports of embarkation for America remain, and all who pass through these hospitals have already been interviewed as to the missing, are well enough to write home about them- selves, and in any case will soon be in this country. There are some hos- pitals, of course, with the Army of Occupation along the Rhine, but in this section the Army no longer per- mits Red Cross workers. Informa- tion of those who have died is in the office of the Adjutant General or that of the Surgeon General, in Washing- ton, if it exists anywhere. As the hospitals abroad have been demobilized their records have been sent to this country. During the fighting the Adjutant General was un- able to keep up with the inquiries sent him, and often the information was not in Washington. Now his force is not overworked ; the information is all here and the War Department promises that all inquiries will be an- swered promptly and fully. For the Red Cross to attempt any longer to act as intermediary would only be to interfere with the work of the War Department, and would do away with the direct touch between the Govern- ment itself and the families of those who have given their lives—a rela- tionship that ought to be continued. ARMY RECORDS ONLY CLEW It may be suggested that, leaving out the sick men and the dead, there are still hundreds of thousands of soldiers in Europe from whom the families do not hear, and that the Red Cross should still try to get information of them. Here again it is practically im- possible to do anything. Units change rapidly; a man is in one place today and quite another fonorrow ; all, ex- cept those in the Army of Occupation, are scheduled for a prompt return. If the Red Cross attempted still to trace these men it would be compelled again to depend almost wholly on the Army records. By the time answers could be received the man himself would probably be with his family. All in- quiries of this kind, also, can far bet- ter be answered by the Adjutant General. There remains for the Department of Communication the work of distrib- uting photographs of graves, and of sending out the few remaining scraps of information that may still come in from the depleted forces in France. The department, therefore, will not stop. It Only gives up that part of its work which can no longer be done with any approach to efficiency. It is unwilling to offer to give assistance that it cannot give. |EXCHANGE OF LETTERS This being the situation, the Red Cross, wanting assurance before de- mobilizing the forces of the depart- ment, that anxious families should not be left without assurance that the work would be continued in other hands, wrote the following letter to the Sec- retary of War: “My Dear Mr. Secretary: “Since the cessation of hostilities on November 11th, the Red Cross has continued, to the best of its ability, to supplement and amplify the War De- partment reports of casualties and ill- nesses among the troops of the Amer- ican Expeditionary Forces. In view of the rapid demobilization of troops, and the transfer of hospital and other records to the United States, the time has come, however, when the Red Cross is no longer able to work ef- fectively without making undue de- mands for information upon the Army and the War Department. We understand that it would be agreeable to the Adjutant General to have the entire responsibility for securing and giving out information of this charac- ter, which is so vital to the American people, centered upon him, and we write, therefore, to suggest that from and after, July 1st, the War Depart- ment will be willing to take over, through the Adjutant General's of: fice, all inquiries with reference to these matters which may come to it. “Sincerely yours, “LIVINGSTON FARRAND, “Chairman, Central Committee.” Replying to this letter, Secretary of War Baker confirmed the suggestion regarding the responsibility of the War Department for answering all in- quiries, and stated that where the desired information cannot be obtained from the records of the Adjutant General's Office or from the technical records of the Surgeon General's of fice, request will be made by cable- gram or courier for report from abroad. Secretary Baker also stated that much delay and confusion is caused by the failures of inquirers to describe accurately and completely the soldiers about whom they ask for information. It would be desirable, therefore, he said, to have the Red Cross, through its Home Service Sections and other channels, impress upon all concerned the importance of including in an in- quiry the following items of informa- tion. 1. The full name of the soldier, not merely the initials of his first and middle names. 2. The army serial number, not the draft or registration number, the se- rial number often being the only means of distinguishing between soldiers of the same name. 3. The Soldier's organization stated as fully and accurately as possible. 4. The date when the soldier was last heard from and his location at that time. 5. The relationship of the writer to the soldier. Relatives who hear from soldiers (Continued on page 8) g IR E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN T B E AMERICAN AID SAVED ROUMANIA Col. Wells, A. R. C. Commissioner, Tells of Work and Brings Optimistic Message Roumania, saved from starvation and the spread of typhus by the prompt arrival of American food and medical supplies, is dividing its time between planning for the future and praising the American people for their generosity. The gratitude of people for America is boundless. With enough food to assure living rations for the population until the coming harvest, and a splendid crop in pros- pect, Roumania, though her armies are holding back the Bolshevist forces on two fronts, is looking forward to a speedy return of peace and hap- pier days. Such is the optimistic message brought to Red Cross National Head. quarters by Lieut. Col. H. Gideon Wells, of Chicago, American Red Cross Commissioner for Rountania, just home from his post of duty. Col- onel Wells, who is professor of pathology at the University of Chi- cago, has been directing Red Cross relief operations in Roumania for the last four months, being in charge of the first relief ship that landed at Galatz, in February, with 600 tons of supplies. Ten Red Cross ships have landed millions of pounds of supplies in Roumania, all of which have been distributed under his direction. He was a member of the original Red Cross Commission, which went to Roumania in 1915. “American food provided by the Hoover Administration and by the American Red Cross, through the gen- erosity of our people, saved the day for Roumania,” said Colonel Wells. “She was in pretty bad shape when relief finally reached her. From the members of the royal household down to the humbler classes every- one you talk with in the coun- try admits that America's prac- tical help came just in time. None of the war-stricken countries we have assisted could be more grateful. Of course, conditions in some parts, especially in the moun- tain districts, are not what they should be, but the situa- tion everywhere is so much improved and the people so hopeful that one cannot help feeling optimistic about Rou- mania’s future. “A successful effort has been made to get food, medi- cines and needed supplies in some measure to all parts of the country. The idea has * º A. R. C. TYPHUS Hospita L., OMSK, RUSSIA | º REFUGEES AT RED CROSS BARRACKS, been to supply the people with enough food to tide them over until the com- ing harvest. crops. Work on restoration of the transportation facilities was progress- ing finely when I left a few weeks agO. “The United States Food Adminis- tration has delivered about 125,000 tons of food to the Government for distribution to the people. The Red Cross is distributing supplies from ten different points in the country. One of the Red Cross units looks after the needs of several hundred small places. Villages off the main line of travel are reached by automobile. Typhus is still prevalent in parts of the country, but the doctors and nurses appear to have the situation well in hand. Colonel Wells says there was an era of about 30,000 square miles, with Bucharest, the capital, as its central point, in which the population was close to starvation when American re- * All signs indicate fine % % SECOND RIVER, VLADIVOSTOK lief arrived. There were fifty-four Red Cross workers in his party. Through the cooperation of the Gov- ernment with several Red Cross offi- cers, who preceded the commission, preliminary arrangements for the re- ceipt and rapid movement of the sup- plies was so complete that within twenty-four hours after the relief ship docked, supplies were being forwarded, and in ten days every part of the country was receiving its quota. “Our Commission is claiming the Red Cross record for fast work in that connection,” said Colonel Wells. “When you realize there were only eighty-four locomotives available in the country after the invaders with- drew, you have a better idea of the many problems we had to overcome. The twenty automobiles we had with us helped out a lot at that time. We found the hospitals without much in the way of surgical dressings. Red Cross Headquarters in Paris solved this problem by sending us about fifty carloads. “American women, who made these dressings, will be interested to know they are being used throughout Rou- mania for baby clothes and for various apparel used by grown-ups. The women use some of the dressings for head bands. Used garments sent from America, together with clothes made from ma– terial supplied by the Red Cross, is rapidly replacing the tattered clothing seen in many places. Our Commis- sion supplied 650 sewing ma- chines to help this latter work along.” º º T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN H0SPITAL FACTS AND FIGURES Extent of Red Cross Activities in France Told in a Report to the War Department The extent of the hospital activities of the American Red Cross in France is set forth in a report of the Bureau of Hospital Administration prepared for the War Department. It shows that during the conflict the Red Cross furnished more than 1,110,000 days of hospital care for American soldiers, admitting to its hospitals a total of 89,539 patients, 37,000 being admitted in the last months of the war. When the fighting ceased the organization was operating twenty-two military hos- pitals, with 14,326 beds occupied. Hospitalization was but one phase of work of the Red Cross for sick and wounded soldiers. It undertook also the manufac- ture of all splints and the nit- rous oxide gas used as an anesthetic by the Army, the construction of emergency hospitals, supervision of diet kitchens, operation of thirteen dispensaries, eight infirmaries and eleven convalescent homes throughout France, at the same time meeting innumer- able emergency calls by the Army for hospital supplies and equipment. In addition to all this the bureau extended assistance of many kinds to 2,800 French hospitals. In the last nine months of 1918 the American Red Cross delivered the following surg- ical supplies for American wounded: 21,988,060 dressings, compresses, packings and paddings, absorbent pads and bandages; 41,957,426 sponges, 518,304 bed pans, 177,726 drains and 1,463,200 splints and accessories. In one month, August, there were sent from the Paris warehouse alone 12,- 768,115 surgical dressings, 77,101 surgical instruments, 15,300 pounds of drugs and 2,820 beds and cots. The range of miscellaneous equipment the bureau was called upon to furnish may be gained from the following list: Eighty-eight Bessoneau tents, three tortoise tents, ninety-six marquis tents, 120 barracks, seven portable laundries, five ice-making machines, four disin- fecting machines, seven large and three small laundries, two 20-spray showers with delousing plant, two 40-spray showers, forty-one 8-spray showers, forty-eight sterilizers, ten laboratory outfits and X-ray, dental and electrical outfits. In organizing the hospital adminis- tration the Red Cross formed a staff º § | of experts in various medical and surgical lines. The need of this was demonstrated when requests began to come in from the field. Requisitions were often made under great stress, the writers sometimes having nothing more than an envelope or cigarette paper to scribble them on, and no definite specifications could be given. It was then the duty of the bureau's experts to determine the exact charac- ter and quantity of supplies to send. QUICK EMERGENCY WORK An example of the way emergencies were met is shown in the report by the incident of a request for 3,000 blankets and several thousand pillows, pajamas, dressings, surgical instru- ments and medicines, which reached the bureau at 4 p. m., July 18, from the Chateau-Thierry battlefront. Four SOLDIERS warehouses were visited by taxicabs, by as many officers from the bureau, a truck was loaded with the necessary supplies by 8 in the evening, and at midnight it had reached the firing line. One night during the same battle a veteran army major arrived in Paris at 1 a. m. He found the medical offices of the Red Cross open, and after making his needs known he was given a bed in the office. Two hours later he was awakened, his supplies ready at the door, having been gath- ered in that short space from three warehouses. Later this officer re- turned to Paris and reported that the work of the Red Cross that night had made it possible for every wounded soldier in his division to have a chance to recover. Had it not been for the supplies, he said, 60 per cent of them would not have had this chance. There were numerous similar in- stances of prompt action by the Red Cross in getting medical and surgical supplies to the front in emergencies. In a single day and night during the º N BIREST-R. C. WORKERS WITH SOCKS FOR HOMIE-GOING | | great 1918 offensive, the report re- veals, 128 separate requests, each comprising from one- to fifty items, were answered with the needed sup- plies. The way in which the Red Cross met the emergency needs of the Army for hospitals at the front is illustrated by the incidents surrounding the estab- lishment of Red Cross Hospital. No. 110, at Coincy. The transfer of Amer- ican divisions in the Chateau-Thierry fight demanded an immediate new lo- cation for an evacuation hospital. A Red Cross representative and several Army officers who visited Coincy de- cided it was the right place. Coincy had been destroyed, but upon a tot- tering wall was written with a piece of burnt wood “A. R. C. Hospital No. 110,” and a guard mounted. The Red Cross rushed materials and equip- ment from four distant points and in few days the hospital was a reality. It received 2,584 patients. Another in- stance of the bureau’s emer– gency methods was the con- struction of a tent hospital at Auteuil, just outside Paris, where in three weeks a Red Cross hospital of 2,500 beds grew up on that famous race- CO111 Se. The French hospitals car- ing for American wounded were hard pressed for nurses, and to relieve this situation the American Red Cross sent nurses to 151 of these institu- tions. Early in its history the hos- pital administration estab- lished three work-rooms in Paris for the manufacture of surgical dressings to supplement those sent from the Red Cross chapters in the United States. When the armistice was signed these workrooms were turned into influenza mask plants and in less than three weeks they delivered 600,000 masks to the front. For the manufacture of nitrous ox- § N º § N § N º ide gas for the Army the Red Cross established a plant at Montereau, and althogether it sent 3,832,986 gallons of this anesthetic to the operating rooms, relieving and preventing untold suffering by the wounded. The guiding hand of these Red Cross activities in France was that of Lieut. Col. C. C. Burlingame, of Man- chester, Conn., director of the Med- ical and Surgical Department. He rose from the rank of first lieutenant in six months, and his achievements were further recognized by the deco- ration of the Medaille d'Honneur by the French government and the Polish Eagle by Poland. 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN From a Soldier in Russia What the Red Cross Home Service did for Corporal Abe Yenk, of Co. C, 339th Infantry, American North Russia Expeditionary Forces, is told by Corporal Yenk himself in a letter addressed to Laura Stewart, who had answered his inquiry for information regarding his family. The letter, which should strike a responsive chord in the hearts of all Red Cross workers, follows: “I have just now received your ſet- ter, in which you reassured me that my wife, Mrs. Eva Yenk, 1075 Ellery St., Detroit, Mich., was well, and I want you to know just how much I appreciate the service you have ren- dered to me and mine. “Not having heard from my wife in over three months, I was naturally very much worried. We were having an especially hard time at the front, and I was brooding over the matter almost constantly. I was in a fair way of becoming insane, when, through an accident, I was sent to the base at Archangel. After many in- quiries, I was finally informed that the Red Cross would be glad to get me all the information possible. I im- mediately applied to the personnel of ficer, who cabled to you at once with the result that in a few days I was in receipt of your most welcome cable. “It was an immense relief to know that everything was well at home, and I entered into every one of my duties with a feeling of being alive, instead of half dead, as I felt formerly. “I want to thank you very much for what the A. R. C. has done for me. Although the Red Cross has done very much for the boys up here, I did not realize its true value until I came into actual connection with the Home Ser- vice Bureau. - “Thanking you again, I am, “Very sincerely yours, (Signed) “ABE YENK.” Captain Aupperle Dead of Typhus A cablegram from Saloniki an- nounces the death of Capt. Harold V. Aupperle, at Nova Varosh, Serbia, June 14, after being ill of typhus fever for fourteen days. An American doc- tor was with him, at the end, and an- Other doctor and nurses were sent º Belgrade in effort to save his 1162. Captain Aupperle was in charge of the American Red Cross relief oper- ations in Western Serbia, on the bor- der of Bosnia. The suffering and des- olation in this section are greater than in any other part of Serbia. Captain Aupperle was just completing work which he conducted under the great- est possible difficulties with great cour- age and cheerfulness, bringing relief to many hundreds of people in isolated mountain villages, when he was taken ill. His loss brought sorrow to all of his co-workers, who had learned to love him for his personal charm, his courage and unselfishness. Captain Aupperle's home was at Grand Junction, Colorado. He was a graduate of Leland Stanford Univer- sity, and was a noted athlete in his college days. To Complete Junior Plans John Ward Studebaker, director of Junior Membership, is on his way to Europe to complete the plans of the Junior Red Cross for the relief work which American school children are going to carry on among the suffer- ing children of the devastated coun- tries. In Paris, Mr. Studebaker will con- fer with Maj. Royal Haynes, form- erly head of the Children's Bureau, who has recently been appointed Ett- ropean representative of the Junior Red Cross. He will also meet the French administrative committee, the body of French officials through which the Junior Red Cross acts in what- ever is undertaken for the benefit of French children. Junior Red Cross plans for over- seas relief work include enterprises in " Belgium, Italy and the Balkans, as well as in France, and it is possible that during his stay in Paris Mr. Studebaker will make short trips to Belgium and northern Italy in the in- terests of work under consideration in those countries. League of Nursing Education The National League of Nursing Education held a special meeting June . 24 to 28, at Chicago, to consider va- rious problems of the nursing profes- Sion, with particular reference to their bearing on the training of pupil nurses. Miss Clara D. Noyes, acting direc- tor of the Red Cross Department of Nursing reported on the Red Cross Nursing Service at home and abroad. She also explained under the post- war activities, the work of the Red Cross Bureau of Information for Nurses, now established at 44 East Twenty-third Street, New York, and its part in helping readjust nurses to civilian service after their military duty in this country and overseas. Mrs. Helen Hoy Greeley, of the Council to Secure Rank for. Nurses, read a paper on the “Need for Military Rank for Army Nurses.” Among the other speakers were Miss M. Adelaide Nutting, director of the Department of Nursing and Health of Columbia University, who gave a general summary of nurses’ work; Miss Dora E. Thompson, super- intendent of the Army Nurse Corps, and Mrs. John H. Higbee, superinten- dent of the Navy Nurse Corps, who explained the work of these organiza- tions during the war, and Miss Elsie Lawler, superintendent of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, who told “How the Civil Hospitals and Nursing Schools Met the War Situation.” (Continued from page 5) after making inquiries of the Adjutant General should communicate this fact with the latter office at once in order that the search may be discontinued. In conclusion, Secretary Baker Wrote : “I am glad to take this opportunity to express to you and your fellow workers in the Red Cross, the appre- ciation of the War Department for the aid which the Red Cross has so gen- erously and so helpfully given to our soldiers and their families in this im- portant field of information and com- munication.” The Red Cross, therefore, discon- tinues the work only after explicit assurance that the War Department will continue it, and in the knowledge that, with full records at its disposal, the War Department is now amply able to give full satisfaction to in- quirers. REAL VALUE OF WORK In closing the major part of its Work, the Department of Communica- tion wishes to thank all those inquirers who have been patient through delays necessitated by circumstances over which the Red Cross had no control; all those who have realized, even when the news never came, that the Red Cross had done its best. Sometimes mistakes have been made, but never through lack of effort. The real value of the work was not for those who knew how to get word to France— who had friends there who would write or cable. The real value, as is known from thousands of pathetic letters in the files, has been for those who were quite at sea and were al- most hopeless—that great mass of people who live in the congested areas of the cities or scattered along the rural free delivery routes in the South and the West, who sent their boys into a vast, unknown country, willingly, because they were good Americans, but who were terrified at the silence that descended after the boys had gone. | | | S. 737 the Red - º JU 1919 */ ro s's Bulletin Wol. III was HINGTON, D. C., JULY 7, 1919 No. 28 FIRST AID A PROMOTER OF HUMAN EFFICIENCY American Red Cross Aims to Educate the People in Ready Treatment and - Prevention of Accidents The First Aid Division of the American Red Cross is striving to ad- vance proficiency in first-aid and acci- dent prevention among the American people. Every day opportunities arise to render service in the prevention of accidents, in the saving of life, in the relief of suffering and in the promo- tion of human efficiency. The First Aid Division desires that all workers in the United States be trained in the administration of standard first — aid methods; for this way lies conserva- tion of the indus- trial power of the nation and in or— ganizations where employes are ex- posed to risks and injuries it is only common humanity that at least some one of their num- be 1 s h ou 1 d be qualified to render timely and efficient assistance to his comrades. They who have seen the results of first aid, when promptly and efficiently admin- istered, require no further demonstra- tion of the importance of establishing it in the industries, in the schools and in the homes. A few years ago, it was a common occurrence for men to die of injuries in factories, mines and other industrial plants because of the lack of first-aid assistance at the time the accident occurred. Recently, several states, recognizing that the conservation of human life and human energy is all- important, have enacted laws provid- ing for first aid in their industrial plants, in their mines and in their | § factories of almost every description. The Red Cross first-aid instruction imparts knowledge to the layman by means of lectures and demonstrations, based on the teachings of modern surgery and of common sense. The suggestions for first aid, as outlined in the Red Cross first-aid text-books, are not elaborate or diffuse; the primary consideration is explicitness. Unfortu- nately adults do not learn first-aid principles, and develop skill in their practice, at a time in life when they prove most valuable. Therefore, the First Aid Division has offered first-aid instruction to the schools, and many high schools throughout the United States have agreed to include the course in the curriculum. Accidents are common in school life. They range all the way from slight cuts to apparent drownings. The life of a schoolboy may be saved by a first-aid treatment. The First Aid Division receives annual reports of efficient first-aid work performed, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, by boys and girls who have been in- MACHINISTS TRAINED BY RED CROSS IN FIRST AID AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION GIVING TREATMENT TO AN INJURED FELLOW WORKMAN structed in first aid under the Red Cross. Recently, a boy rescued a girl in an upturned canoe from drowning at Colonial Beach, Va. In Lake Michigan two deaf boys were resusci- tated by a Red Cross first-aid high school pupil. At Santa Monica, Cal., a boy from Los Angeles applied his Red Cross first-aid knowledge and rescued two girls from the surf. Up in Minnesota, a young woman, holder of a Red Cross first-aid certificate, successfully employed first-aid meas- ures in the application of a tourniquet and in the treatment of shock to her father just after his right hand had been taken off ºn immediately below | the wrist by a corn- shredding machine. In order that this work may be car- ried on and ex- panded, the First Aid Division urges the establishment of the first - aid course in the American schools. It will reach boys and girls at a very receptive age, when their growing re- sponsibilities w i 11 afford them oppor- tunities to apply their knowledge and develop their skill in accident pre- vention and first aid. In preparation for the recent war, first aid was made a part of every American soldier's training. Experi- ence has demonstrated its value in in- dustry. One of the Red Cross trained first-aid teams of the Cambria Steel Company rescued and resuscitated three men who had been overcome by cyanogen and hydrogen sulphide gases, while they were attempting to rescue a fourth man who had been likewise prostrated. Artificial respira- tion was used by the Red Cross first- aid workers for from half an hour to one and a half hours and the four men THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN recovered. In one case, no respiration was apparent and it was thought the man was dead, but after continued efforts he was revived. It has also been demonstrated that first-aid instruction, followed by effi- cient first-aid treatment, shortens the time lost by disabled workmen; hos- pital records prove that patients who have had prompt first-aid treatment are in much better condition on enter- ing the hospital. This statement has been confirmed by railroads, mining, lumber and other industrial concerns, where the employes are especially liable to accidents. Then, too, first- aid instruction makes the expert and older employe not only more careful, but also more considerate of his less experienced fellow-worker. The need to carry on first-aid work is evident to all interested or engaged in the prevention of accidents. In time of peace accidents have been costing us nearly 100,000 lives annually, and those injured in accidents, some of whom are crippled for life, have ex- ceeded the dead by hundreds of thousands. Five times as many peo- ple as are killed are injured to so great an extent that they can no longer earn their living without re- education. The American people have never been deaf to the voice of suffer- ing; thousands have studied first aid because they realized that the knowl- edge acquired would enable them to help in time of need. In our homes we are wasting hu- man lives and physical fitness at an appalling rate. One of America’s largest insurance companies reports that for a recent year 28 per cent of the total claims paid for accidental injuries (not including industrial) were for injuries received in and about the home, the percentage being § STAFF PHYSICIAN OF THE FIRST AID DIVISION GIVING LECTURE AND DEMON- STRATION TO REPRESENTATIVES OF SEVERAL INDUSTRIAL PLANT'S IN ONE OF THE LARGE CITIES. considerably higher than for any other class of accidents. During 1915, in Cook County, Illinois, 105 children were fatally scalded or burned; in the same year, in New York City, 179 persons were killed by fires resulting from carelessness in regard to matches, lamps, candles, bonfires and ex- plosions. Investigation of 29,684 accidents by the coroner in Chicago, covering a period of eleven years, showed that 15,241 of them were household acci- dents. During 1916 falls on stairs in homes caused the death of 1,149 per- sons and crippled more than 4,000 others. It is certainly good citizenship to take the necessary steps to prevent, or at least noticeably to reduce, the number of these accidents. The First Aid Division of the American Red Cross has given a great deal of careful thought to this sub- ject and the first object of first-aid in- FIRST AID DIVISION PHYSICIAN GIVING INSTRUCTIONS TO RAILROAD EMPLOYES DURING THE NOON HOUR struction is to prevent accidents by educating the individual to use the necessary care under all circum- stances; then, too, prompt treatment is in itself a measure of prevention, for the right thing, done quickly, paves the way for the doctor's arrival. During the past few years better treatment of certain diseases has re- duced the number of deaths. Better treatment is equally effective in acci- dents. In disease, treatment is usually, and should always be, administered by a doctor. In the case of accidents, except trivial injuries, the services of a doctor are always requisite, but the vast majority of accidents occur when there is no doctor on the spot; then if one knows what to do and what not to do a life may be saved, or the effects of the injury made less severe. General knowledge of how to pre- vent accidents can be made just as effective as general knowledge of how to prevent disease; and good treat- ment of the injured is just as im- portant as good treatment of the sick. Croix de Guerre for Three * Three more American Red Cross workers, members of the Ambulance Section in France, have been deco- rated with the Croix de Guerre for bravery under fire, according to a cable message received at Red Cross Headquarters. They are Lieut. Jack Butterfield, of Evanston, Ill. ; Lieut. W. J. Fox, Buffalo, and Major E. A. Fish, Minneapolis. Butterfield and Fox were wounded, the former se– verely. After a fragment of shell lodged near his spine, Butterfield, with his left leg paralyzed, dragged himself to an ambulance, cranked it and drove the car to its destination. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN WHAT YOU SEE IN POLAND By FRANK M. AMERICA The glare of our headlights showed a man who stepped off the road and disappeared behind some trees. We stopped our car and called to him and inquired where he was going, and he stood, a mere wreck of a man, with his hat in his hand, and replied in a feeble voice that he was going to try to get something to eat. He was 15 miles from the nearest habitation. We passed two women, barefooted, with heavy packs, going along this road, and it was a day's walk to the next town in the direction they were headed. We passed many others. It was too cold for them to sleep at night with their poor covering, so they walked until it was daylight and they could then sleep by the roadside in the warmth of the sun. The only living things we passed besides these un- fortunate people were five wildcats, seen at different times along this road. We were traveling in that immense stretch of territory east of the River Bug, which is probably the most deso- late country in the world today. The highways were full of wanderers and the towns and villages were pictures of desolation, hunger and disease. The wanderers were refugees going in opposite directions, east and west– westward from all parts of Russia and eastward from Germany. Some had been on the way for months. All they possessed they carried on their backs. All were homeward bound. At dawn we came upon a group of eight men with long, shaggy beards, who were seated by the roadside. They had built a fire and were cooking their morning meal of grass and treebark. They said they were working their way back from Germany. We noticed that the roadsides were strewn with the bones of animals, cows, horses and dogs, which had been there long enough to be parched white. We came to a small village. No smoke came from any of the thatch- roofed huts and it looked very deso- late. Finally we found one poor cry- ing woman who was holding in her | § arms her baby. The child was dying from lack of nourishment. We visited scores of cities, towns and villages where there wasn’t a single doctor for 3,000 inhabitants, and not a house where at least one was not down with typhus, tuberculosis or smallpox. The people were subsisting on a sort of bread, an awful black substance made of bark from oak trees, acorns, chaff and heather, but containing not a particle of flour. In some villages this so-called bread was made a little AMERICAN RED CROSS OFFICER DIRECTING THE UNLOADING OF AMERICAN FLOUR IN EASTERN POLAND § - § BRINGING AMERICAN RELHEF SUPPLIES TO POLAND Cases of Condensed Milk for Undernourished Mothers and Babies Are Hauled Overland to Isolated Villages more palatable with potato peelings. Many villages were absolutely un- inhabited. There was not a living thing in them except the inevitable carrion crow, and we wondered why he hovered there. It was as if a blight had passed over these places. In a whole day's travel we did not see a cow nor did we pass a horse or a dog. On one stretch of road we saw an unusually large number of refugees, barefooted, and then we noticed that they were carrying their boots under their arms. They were saving them for the colder days when there would be snow and slush under foot. By slow stages we moved on to Pinsk, on the edge of the Pripet marshes. Here were 20,000 people who were in much the same miserable condition as those we had seen else- where, except that there was an or- phan home which was the last word in human misery. Its 60 children were gaunt and emaciated from starvation. (Continued on page 8) 4 THE RE D C R O S S B U L LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED weeKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington * By subscriPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM H. TAF't. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . ... Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERIck C. MUNRoE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager wASHINGTON, D.C., JULY 7, 1919 -— • ‘4: * First Aid The time is coming when no person may be said to have completed a com- mon school education unless he or she possesses some knowledge of what to do in a non-professional way in the treatment of accidents of every-day possibility. Under Red Cross en- couragement first-aid instruction is being made a part of the regular cur- riculum in the schools of the country. As an auxiliary of the more intensive training being carried on in the fac- tories, mines and in industrial plants generally, this instruction serves as one of the most important factors in the conservation of human life and human efficiency. Some details of the campaign which the First Aid Division of the Ameri- can Red Cross is conducting to spread the instruction and training in con- nection v.ith this matter, are presented in a special article in this number of THE BULLETIN. First aid was given much consideration in the preparation of soldiers for duty during the recent days of mobilization, and now it be- comes a natural part of the Red Cross program in connection with the broad peace-time activities. The new Red Cross idea is to diminish and prevent suffering, as well as to relieve it. Accidents, like disease, we are begin- ning to know, if we did not know it before, are largely preventable; and, Application made for entry to the mails as ,” as with the treatment of disease, mod- ern logic links means of prevention with the cure or the relief rendered to actual suffering. - With the organization of effort to stay the ravages of disease, we are looking forward to a time when the race will be safe from epidemics and when children will have better chances of developing into a healthy maturity. Accidents always will happen, of course, but the inevitable effect of the instruction aimed at in reference to them will be to lessen the percentage of fatalities and also lower to a pro- nounced degree the chances of their Occurrence. Statistics regarding accidents, given in the article telling of the work of the First Aid Division, will be found very interesting, and, in conjunction with the setting forth of methods and pur- poses, should stimulate an interest in first aid on the part of every reader. Peace at Last After nearly eight months of sus- pense, following the signing of the armistice that ended four years of hos- tilities, the world technically is ready to wag again on a peace basis. The terms imposed by outraged civilization on the people responsible for the cata- clysm have been accepted and the pact signed in the same hall where, half a century ago, Bismarck fashioned the Frankenstein that was destined to crush the lustful German Empire. By carefully planned safeguards, Germany has been bound to keep the peace, and the German people must bend to the burdens of making rep- aration for the damage and wrongs inflicted. Would that the same strokes of the pen that insure in the course of years the repayment of losses suffered and the reconstruction of devastated areas, could erase the human misery that has been brought upon the world. But this is of a nature which no treaty can effect. It is something which only the people who escaped the hor- rors of hundreds of thousands of their fellow-creatures can alleviate through their own humanitarian ministrations. Peace, therefore, brings its obliga- tions to the free peoples who have already reinsured their liberties through many sacrifices. Armies in Europe are demobilizing with re- doubled speed; but countless thous- ands of persons, especially in the countries of the Near East, are home- less, without food and forced to every conceivable makeshift to supply the scantiest of clothing. Thousands of children need the fostering care that their own people cannot provide, in order to prevent race degeneration to worse than the barbaric. Governments will exert themselves to stay starva- tion, but much of the suffering re- quires the attention of voluntary agencies. The people of America, through their Red Cross, with its organization already perfected and workers on the ground, must do their share in carry- ing to completion the tasks that con- front humanity. The appeal to be made to them this fall in behalf of the American Red Cross is an appeal to make the peace won by the sword secure, by easing the burdens and alle- viating the suffering of their unfortu- nate associates in the struggle for free- dom. To make the most of the lessons learned from the war—as well as to relieve the acute distress of the im- mediate present—both abroad and at home, in the way of assuring a world better to live in than it ever was before, is a duty which will be met with open-handed willingness. And thereby will the peace in which we today rejoice reach its fullness. Anderson Succeeds Cutler Robbins B. Anderson, acting man- ager of the Insular and For- eign Division, has been appointed manager of this division, succeeding Otis H. Cutler, who is now in France. Mr. Anderson has been serving as acting manager of the division for some time, and while he is obliged to resign and return to private life his appointment as manager is made in recognition of the able and devoted service he has given to the affairs of his division and the Red Cross. Miss Martha L. Draper, who has been serving since the organization of the department as associate director of the Department of Personnel, has been appointed director, succeeding W. D. Smith, who has resigned to enter private business. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN LE CAFE DES DEux FREREs Just beyond the Grande Place of Hyeres, that hangs on a cliff over- looking the blue sweep of the Mediter- ranean, with ancient watch tower and high-walled dungeon, forgotten glo- ries of Knights Templar, dead these five hundred years, stands the “Cafe of the Two Brothers,” that has with- stood the Riviera suns and rains for almost as long. It was old and brown and worn when Victorine and Aurelie went round-cheeked and light-footed in the service of its patrons. And now Victorine and Aurelie are withered, as even the fairest women wither under the hot sun of Midi. Their faces are like old, cracked parchment and their feet are slow, while the old cafe seems only to have grown a lit- tle dustier and a little mellower, as if the accumulation of the years had but served to ripen it into a picturesque and melting background for the tran- sitory pleasures of its black coffee and steaming bouillabaisse. So the Inn of the Two Brothers moldered through the centuries unchanging— even the great war only exchanged the shabby-genteel wear of the con- vivial spirits of Hyeres for poilu blue, that covered an equally convivial and often more reckless spirit. Then suddenly, after the armistice, the American Red Cross, in addition to its work in the hospital huts of Hyeres, needed a club and restaurant. for enlisted men. What more central or more charming place than the Inn of the Two Brothers, with the olive trees before its door and the blue streak of the sea in the distance? There came for Victorine and Aurelie, Strange, crowded, though not unpleas- ant, days. The faded old paintings on the musty walls, the shiny tables with grooves worn in them where countless elbows had rested over their cups, and the rickety benches, glossy with age, became hosts to American soldiers, who came and went all day. Few changes were made in the old place. The carefully mended curtains were left at the thick leaded win- dows, and the kitchen, with its an– cient copper soup ladle and shining pots and pans, glinting against the Smoke stained walls, was undisturbed. Unromantically enough, American K. P.'s took the place of the querulous old chef and the implements of cuisine were subjected to strange, foreign cooking methods. Chocolate for four hundred men, and doughnuts and pies in like amount, filled the old kitchen with strange odors. Wonderingly old Victorine and Aurelie helped the Red Cross girls to stave the appetites of these ravenous boys, when the line be- - gan to form about the middle of the afternoon, until it reached across the little street, then turned and began to straggle down the other side—a long line of hungry American boys. Never, perhaps, in all the long, quiet history of the Cafe des Deuw Freres, had its patrons been so numer- Ous, so vociferous, so vivid or so en- thusiastic, The wife of the proprietor often hovers in the background raising amazed eyebrows and palms in lavish Provencal gesture of astonishment at the strange ideas of les Americains. Games, books, magazines, a piano, a ukelele, were new sights. The doughboys will pass, as many things have passed in the Cafe of the Two Brothers, and things will drift back to their ancient calm, and the mellow, sunny quiet, with only the slush of the waves on the sand for music, but the short invasion of Amer- ican youth will leave its stamp on the picturesque little inn, just as deeply as the memories of its old-world charm will long remain with the lads who found rest and recreation within its old, hospitable walls. “Cher Ami,” the Feathered Ace “Cher Ami,” the famous courier of the “Lost Battalion,” is dead. No more will her white wings bear her through the shrapnel rain, over No Man's Land, over the camouflaged artillery that wise “Cher Ami” knew So well, through the smoke and din of battle, never swerving until the goal was reached. “Cher Ami” wears the Distinguished Service Cross by special order of General Pershing for her delivery of the “Lost Battalion”; her grave will be marked with a special Stone bearing her white-winged image in marble, to perpetuate forever the courage and fearlessness of this ace among pigeons who saw flying service with the A. E. F. ſo In her last flight, “Cher Ami” was shot through the breast and her right leg was injured, but like the brave soldier she was, the little bird did not descend until her flight was ended. A pigeon expert brought the wounded messenger home. At the Potomac Park pigeon lofts in Washington, one of the screened porches of the pigeon hospital was set apart for her ex- clusive use, but in spite of infinite care and the attention of specialists the little patient grew weaker, until the end came on Thursday, June 26. It has been suggested that a sculp- tured group be erected to commemo- rate the services of dumb animals in war, represented by the horse, the mule, the dog and the carrier pigeon. Hiii, Pa. Surely, “Cher Ami” has earned the right of her feather kind, to place in such a memorial. - Greek King Decorates Nurses Eight nurses of the American Red Cross have been decorated by King Alexander, of Greece, with the Medal of Military Merit, for their work in fighting the typhus epidemic in Mace- donia. The eight nurses were: * Miss Sara Addison, Baltimore. Miss Marie Clauber, Chicago. Miss Alma Hartz, Davenport, Iowa. - - | Miss Isabelle Martin, San Fran- cisco. . Miss Emily Porter, Bridgeport, Conn. $ . . Miss Clarissa Blakeslee, Drexel Miss Edith Glenn, Bristol, Pa. Miss Florence Stone, Plainfield, N. J. . • * , One of the nurses, Miss Blakeslee, was herself stricken with typhus dur- ing the epidemic, but has entirely re- covered. . In making the presentation, King Alexander spoke feelingly of the rav. ages of typhus in Macedonia, and his gratitude to his American allies for their work in combating it. Ad- dressing the nurses and the General Staff of the American Red Cross Balkan Mission, the king said: “I want to thank you for what you have done for Greece and for hu- manity in your work in Macedonia. First of all, you saved from starva- tion tens of thousands of Greeks who were repatriated from Bulgaria after the armistice. Then your doctors and nurses extinguished the typhus epidemic, which was threatening Greece and all the near East, from the Greek Islands to the Aegean. You fed and clothed thousands and you stamped out typhus and other dis- eases among thousands of Greek refu- gees from Asia Minor. I shall al- ways remember with gratitude what the American people have done through you in our hour of need. I bid you today, on your departure for Roumania, good-bye and good luck!” After the ceremony, the American minister presented to the king two of the members of the Red Cross Mission, Maj. Burke C. Hamilton, of Goshen, N. Y., and Maj. Robert Bruce Wallace, of Cleveland. Francis J. Mulhall, who has been Serving as associate director in the Department of Personnel, has been designated to have charge of the Washington office of the department. Miss Draper will retain her office at 222 Fourth Avenue, New York. ... T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN GOL. TEUSLER TELLS OF WORK Commissioner for Siberia, Here for Consultation, Reviews Red Cross Activities Colonel R. B. Teusler, head of the Red Cross Commission for Siberia, is at present in this country, at Na- tional Headquarters, in consultation regarding the future policy of the Red Cross in Siberia. Colonel Teusler calls attention to the almost fatalistic role played by the trans-Siberian rail- way in American activities in Russia, in that the taking over of this much- talked-of bit of track by American engineers made it possible for Ameri- can troops to remain in Siberia, a de- cision upon which, in turn, hinged the future of Red Cross plans in that country, as the pos- sible withdrawal of American troops meant the virtual end of Red Cross work. Immediately upon this important de- cision in the gov- ernment policy, in- tensive Red Cross organization went forward. Addition- al personnel was requested by cable and the needed in- stallation and ser- vice were estab- lished. The head office of the Com- mission is in Vlad- ivostok and two large Red Cross hospitals are main- tained in the port city, necessitating the maintenance of a personnel of at least one hundred doctors, nurses, aides, etc., in connection with the hos- pitals alone, as well as a large ware- house and garage staff to handle the great amount of freight constantly re- ceived and distributed along the 4,000 miles of the great inland railway. A new hospital is in operation at Irkutsk, while early last May a 1,100-bed hospital was established at Tchelyabinsk in the Ural Mountains, which has become one of the impor- tant military base hospitals support- ing the All-Russian Government forces. In addition to these, there is a 1,000-bed hospital at Omsk, the cap- ital of the Kolchak government, and a good sized hospital at Tumen and at Petropavlovsk, the last a typhus hospital, turned over to the Russian authorities when the epidemic sub- I N Nº. | | | A. R. C. SPECIAL COMMISSION Left to Right, Major Emerson, Col. Teusler, Lieut. Gordier, Capt. Schuyler sided in the early summer. The com- mission also took over, in April 1ast, the University Clinic at Tomsk, now being run as a 200-bed hospital under the Red Cross. Last February, at the special re- quest of the mayor of Novoniko- laevsk, a hospital was established in the headquarters of the Commercial Club, the best building in the city, to take care of the severe epidemic of typhus in that region. The matter of equipment and installation was placed in the hands of three Red Cross women from Tokyo, assisted by the American consul, a volunteer worker. In Tokyo, the Siberian Commission maintains a base hospital service at St. Luke's International Hospital, an institution maintained by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Episcopal % Church, of which Colonel Teusler is also director. In combatting the ever-present men- ace of typhus, the installing of bath- ing facilities and disinfecting stations at many points along the railway, notably the one at Ekaterinburg, one of the western termini, just across the Asiastic frontier, was one of the most important undertakings. During the month of April last, 35,000 peo- ple were bathed and their clothing disinfected. New undergarments were supplied wherever necessary. A specially equipped “typhus train,” which has traveled the length of the trans-Siberian as far as the Urals, making several side trips to touch affected localities, was sent out last January. This train was financed by funds supplied by the Inter- allied Sanitary Commission and man- IN SLIBERIA aged by the Red Cross. At the pres- ent moment it is completely under the direction of the Red Cross and is operating on the Perm front. In February, a special mission consist- ing of Maj. Geo. W. Simmons and Maj. Kendall Emerson, U. S. A., ac- companied Colonel Teusler on a com- plete survey of the work now carried on in Siberia. In addition to the medical work, extensive relief work has been done among the refugees and war vic- tims all along the route of the rail- road, and special work has been done among the civilian population throughout Siberia and Eastern Rus- sia, with particular attention to the employes of the Siberian railroad and their families. The mission went as far west as Perm, a city of 45,000 inhabitants in Eastern European Russia, and from there drove one hundred miles further west to the fighting line. From this vantage point it was possible to witness the recent evidences of Bol- shevik misrule in those parts of Eu- ropean Russia from which the Bolsheviki had just been driven, and to study the or— g a n i za tion and methods of the Siberian for ces there encamped. Throughout this trip, the members of the Red Cross Mission were deep- ly impressed by the desperate needs of the Russian sol- diers as well as by the desolations left in the wake of the retreating Bol- sheviki. Last summer, in response to an ap- peal from the Czecho-Slovak National Council the American Red Cross be- gan its work in eastern Siberia. Twenty-five doctors, thirty-five nurses and many clerical workers were or- dered post haste to the Far East, for Russian and Siberian service. Since that time, the personnel has been con- stantly augmented. Doctors, nurses, civilian relief workers, warehouse men, army camp service men, etc., rep- resenting every Red Cross division in this country, have answered the call from Siberia. Ten of the unit that sailed from Seattle in April are now at Omsk, which is the western head- quarters of the Commission and at T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L I. ET IN present the scene of greatest Red Cross activity. The following Red Cross workers sailed from Seattle June 2: Dr. Wil- liam T. Cain, Dr. Thurman B. Haas, Miss Olda M. Paulson (nurse), Miss Bessie Bruton, Miss Rose Burt, Miss Gabrielle Delapine, Miss Alice Buck- land (nurse), and Miss Estelle Owens. The Suzwa Maru and the Heffron, sailing from Seattle June 19, carried the following: Thomas H. Elliott, Ethel P. Simmons, Ger- trude E. Hill, Josephine M. Albright, Lottie E. Brainerd, Nell Sykes, Sidney S. Murphy, Dr. David E. Ford, Dr. Francis H. Gambell, Dr. Reuben H. Fields, Dr. Arthur L. Druet, Dr. Mietchislas Openhkovski and Walter P. Ambrose. Sweden Takes in Suffering Children At the solicitation of the Swedish Red Cross, four hundred Swedish households have opened their doors to the sick and undernourished children of Germany, Austria, Belgium, Po- land, and the Baltic provinces. The Red Cross has entered into negotia- tions with the respective governments and Germany and Austria have already N I - - § º The American Invasion of Serbia At present Serbia is being invaded by two American columns, one from Salonica up the Vardar River val- ley, and the other south from Se- mendria. Supplies before being sent south into Serbia are brought up the Danube River by boat to Se- mendria where the Allied camion routes end. Both the Euro- N N N N § RED CROSS GROUPS SAILING FROM SEATTLE FOR WILADIVOSTOK Upper: accepted the generous offer of their northerly neighbor. Five hundred children from those countries arrived in Stockholm May 6th. The Swedish railroads lend their heartiest cooperation to the idea, in running special boat trains to meet the children, who are accompanied to their various destinations by Red Cross representatives. Group Sailing June 19; Lower: Group Sailing June 2 pean Relief Administration and the American Red Cross are cooperating in this peaceful invasion of Serbia. Direct communication between Sa- lonica and Belgrade is still held up by the condition of the railroads. Bridges are being repaired, rails are being relaid, roadbeds built up again, but the work is slow and materials are long in arriving from Europe. § - - - Several regiments of American railroad engineers with sufficient sup- plies would have Serbia's north-south railroad in working order in two or three months at the most. But the Americans are not here and work progresses in Near-East fashion, the laying of two or three rails being con- sidered a good day's work. The fortress of Belgrade is badly battered and the old wall surround- § --- º - º | § ing it shows signs of the bombard- ment of 1914. The houses in the city proper facing the fort also are ripped up by shell fire. But Belgrade in general has not suffered from the war as have the cities of Northern France. The Austrians were not as thorough in ruthless destruction of property as were the Germans. The Austrians did their best to clean out the town when they evac- uated it, however. Hundreds of lighters were loaded with furniture and other loot from the buildings and these were hauled down stream. Some of the lighters could not be un- loaded before the Serb army caught up with the rear guards of the Aus- train army. Mountain Division Changes George F. Oxley has been appointed manager of the Mountain Division to succeed John W. Morey. For the past several months, Mr. Oxley has been associate manager, and in that capacity has been in active charge of the operations of the division. While resigning as manager, Mr Morey is not to sever his connection with the Red Cross, but will remain in the capacity of chairman of a Division Advisory Committee. Frank M. Vaughn has been appointed assistant manager and director of the Department of Devel- opment in the Mountain Division. 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN The Red Cross Canteen at Toul Oceans of coffee, chocolate and lemonade, mountains of doughnuts and sandwiches, and pyramids of ice cream were consumed by the 1,621,– 417 American doughboys who passed through the American Red Cross can- teen at Toul during the last eleven months. The Toul refreshment sta- tion, long known as “one of the bus- iest Red Cross spots in France,” is located in the original American bat- tle sector at a point which enabled it to feed almost as many soldiers as there were in the American Expedi- tionary Force. Many interesting fig- ures regarding the canteen's activities are contained in a report just re- ceived at Red Cross Headquarters. American fighting men tarried there long enough to eat 1,561,625 thickly constructed, well-filled sandwiches and 461,114 doughnuts. During the big American troop movements in the Toul sector, last June, the canteen served 3,000 men a day, the soldiers of the Twenty-sixth, Seventy-seventh and Eighty-second Divisions being cared for as they passed through in trains. No effort was made to keep track of the number of cigarettes and the quantity of tobacco passed out to the men at this point. During the American offensives last September 18,000 soldiers received refreshments as they were carried into and evacu- ated from a hospital 2 miles out- side of Toul. Originally the canteen was estab- lished in a 50-foot tent in the rail- road yard at Toul, but with the rapid increase in the number of men to be cared for the Red Cross took over an entire hotel close by for the work. As many as 7,000 soldiers have found lodgings there in a month, the number cared for in this way dropping below 3,000. More than 200,000 soldiers received meals there during January. The shower baths have been used by 70,000 soldiers. General Pershing re- cently inspected the canteen and com- plimented the management. Major Armstrong Dies in Accident Maj. Edward Kent Armstrong, of Cape May, N. J., who had been en- gaged in relief work for the American Red Cross in the Holy Land, was in- stantly killed in an automobile acci- dent at Beirut on the night of May 31, according to a cable message re- ceived at Red Cross headquarters. He sustained a fractured skull when the car in which he was riding plunged over the side of a 30-foot culvert. Major Armstrong formerly prac- ticed medicine in Chicago. He had been in the Red Cross service over- seas since April, 1918. For several months he was engaged in child wel- fare work in France, leaving for Pal- estine last January to take up similar work in that country. He was a graduate of the University of Illinois and an associate professor of pedia- trics at that institution. At one time he was superintendent of the Com- municable Disease Hospital of 'Chi- cago, and attending physician at the children's department of the Cook County Hospital. The cable message says Major Armstrong was buried in the American cemetery at Beirut with full military honors. Mr. Pratt Terminates Long Service Clyde A. Pratt, director of the De- partment of Supplies at National Headquarters, has resigned to return to New York, where he is connected with the Electric Bond and Share Company. Mr. Pratt became asso- ciated with the work of the American Red Cross in the fall of 1917, when he took charge of the export ware- house at Pier 1, New York, through which practically all of the supplies for foreign relief passed. As one of the organizers of the War Relief Clearing House for France and her allies, Mr. Pratt has been connected with war relief work since 1914, and in recognition of his work in this con- nection was awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honor. On his departure from National Headquarters, he was presented with a leather bag by his co-workers in the Department of Supplies. Appointments in Supplies Department The following appointments have been made in the Red Cross Depart- ment of Supplies: L. C. Rodeno, asso- ciate director; T. N. Phillips, super- visor of purchases; J. H. Giebel, supervisor of stores; Edwin A. Mooers, supervisor of export supplies; E. J. Madden, supervist of transpor- tation. - Howard A. Smith has resigned as director of the Bureau of Standards to enter private business. A. V. Pankey has been appointed acting di- rector of the bureau. (Continued from page 3) These pictures were repeated tens of thousands of times throughout this whole district, which a few years back was alive with agricultural wealth. With no food, no clothing, no work for four years, trampled upon first by one army and then another, it is small wonder that these people are the most wretched creatures in the world today. It is small wonder also that they seem dazed when the first carloads of white flour, condensed milk, clothing and medicines were brought in by these two relief agencies—the United States Food Administration and the American Red Cross. The people had almost given up hope. Some had, of course, never even heard of America; others were even skeptical when told that there was food in the freight cars that stood before their very eyes. But the business of restoring their faith had begun. N N INTERIOR OF A. R. C. “DOUGHNUT FOUNDRY” AT LE MANS, FRANCE—DAILY OUT- PUT, 30,000 DOUGHNUTS ºf 5 15ſ 44 º º tº - O The Red Cross Bulletin ºwly, ot Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY 14, 1919 No. 29 Back FROM TRIP 10 THE WEST Dr. Farrand Found Much Enthusiasm in the Southwestern and Mountain Divisions Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross, returned to Washington last week from a tour of the Southwestern and Mountain Divi- sions of the Red Cross. The trip, on which he was accompanied part of the way by Willoughby Walling, vice- chairman of the Central Committee, and J. Byron Dea- con, acting director of the Department of Civilian Relief, was undertaken for the purpose of get- ting in touch with the workers in the Red Cross ranks and conferring with regard to the fu- ture activities. It is Dr. Farrand’s intention to visit the other divisions as time permits. The party left Washington on June 14. The first stop was St. Louis, where a large meet- ing was addressed by the representa- tives from National Headquarters. In the Southwestern Division conferences of delegates from Red Cross chapters in contiguous territory were held at s Dallas, Tex., and Wichita, Kans. In the Mountain Division similar con- ferences were held at Denver, Pueblo, Colorado, and Salt Lake City. These conferences of the workers were sup- plemented by largely attended public meetings in the evening. In some in- stances the conferences continued for two days. Without exception the meetings of all kinds were unqualified successes, CONSTANTHNOPLE JUVENILE TYPES, much interest being shown in the fu- ture program. Many questions of policy and working detail were dis- cussed and settled at the respective conference places, and it was found that the desire to go ahead and make the American Red Cross a pronounced factor in time of peace, as in time of war, was general. The most notable mass meetings were those at St. Louis and Denver, they being the largest cities visited. At Denver the meeting was held in the new open-air auditorium, comprising part of the civic center, and served as the dedi- º Ž cation of that structure. There were some ten thousand persons in at- tendance. In the Southwestern Division added interest attached to the various meet- ings by reason of the presence of Col. George W. Simmons, of St. Louis, formerly manager of the division and latterly American Red Cross special commissioner to Siberia. Colonel Simmons told in detail of the en- grossing situation in Siberia and of the work accomplished and planned (Continued on page 4) PHO'H'OGRAPHED BY A. R. C. CZEGHS HERE FROM FAR EAST Wounded Fighters from Siberia, in Care of Red Cross, Traverse America on Way Home The China mail steamer, Nanking, from Vladivostok, June 15, has brought 1,050 Czech soldiers, veter- ans of 5 years of fighting, imprison- ment, starvation and hardship, to the port of San Francisco, the first halting place on their long journey home. By west or east, their way is long—through the Seven Seas, or over long land routes to the port of Trieste on the Adriatic to the new land of Czecho- Slovakia. The Nanking was chartered by the United States Gov- ernment and the voyagers placed un- der the care of the Red Cross staff, made up of two doctors, Dr. J. H. Ingram, of the Red Cross Hospital at Tumen, Siberia, and Dr. Louise M. Ingersoll, of the Russian Is 1 and Hospital, Vladivos- tok – two nurses, two aides, and two transportation men. The day before sailing, the old harbor had swarmed with barges and Chinese sampans filled with men, making for the big, gray ship lying out in the channel. Eagerly the soldiers had climbed aboard, carrying their awk- ward, shabby bundles, a new light in their haggard faces. Some haunted by memories of past years of hunger, had carried little paper parcels of black bread and crusts—aboard a vessel whose galley was equipped to set bounteous meals before them and to (Continued on page 5) | N | N TEI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN CORNERSTONES IN FOUNDATION OF HEALTH What the Women in the Homes Must Learn to Aid in Success of Red Cross Public Health Nursing Campaign By CLARA. D. NOYES Acting Director, A. R. C., Department of Nursing Upon three factors lying within the province of every wife and mother— a knowledge of proper nutrition, an understanding of elementary hygiene and sanitation, and a familiarity with simple nursing procedure—rest the foundations of good health. Physical strength, like good govern- ment, is made up largely of “little things that count.” Not only does this include the now-familiar microbe, but the ounce of prevention which should accompany him wherever he goes. Modern medicine has since proven, however, that the strength to work is every man’s rightful heritage, and that practical common sense and technical knowledge are as valuable in maintaining health and in combat- ing sickness as in practicing law or canning fruit. The nurse has for some years been the highly specialized expert in the care of the sick. She is the first per- son to whom everyone turns in time of emergency. A household com- pletely disorganized by critical illness will throw the entire weight of their anxiety and fear upon the “trained nurse, who'll soon straighten things out.” This confidence has been the result of years of training, the foun- dations of which were laid by Flor- ence Nightingale in the crowded hos- pital barracks of the Crimea, and whose development has come through N Nº. § º ºs QUEEN of Roum ANIA with A. R. C. CoMMission ER. H. GIDEON WELLS AT RED CROSS TYPHUS HOSPITAL AT CAJASCU training, her greatest asset, may also become her greatest enemy. “Nurs- ing is an art,” Florence Nightingale declared, “and requires as hard a preparation as any painter's or sculp- tor’s work; for what is having to do with dead canvas or cold marble as compared with having to do with the living body ?” The so-called laywoman values the good nurse because of steadiness, her self-reliance, her ability to shoulder responsibility in time of crisis, her sense of proportion, and her indomit- able courage. These attributes, how- ever, are not heaven-sent; they come only through years of study, through rigid discipline, through many a “trial and error,” and through a high code of ethics. Does the average wife and the vision and hard work of many pioneer nurses, both in England and the United States. The very nature of these standards of service, which have raised nurs- ing to the same professional level as that of medicine and the clergy, has also tended to separate the graduate nurse further and further from the laywoman. This highly specialized N N | A WAITING GROUP OF “SOAP ASPIRANTS” AT POTLOGI, ROUMANIA mother who feels that she owes the life of her child in large part to these qualities of mind and heart realize that she herself might possess them, not to so highly specialized a degree, but in proportion to her own willing- ness to study and learn the simple technique and the elementary prin- ciples underlying modern nursing? Good health consists in keeping well as long as possible, and in combat- ing sickness with the greatest de- gree of efficiency when it does come, so that health may return. Exactly what are the means by which a house- hold keeps well? By proper nutrition. Few of us realize the tremendous importance of correct food. Dietetics is a vast field and a complete science in itself; yet it is also the most ordinary problem of everyday life. No one ever gets away from the direct or unexpressed ques- tion of “What are we going to have for dinner P” Experts in child welfare now con- § TEI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3. tend that malnutrition is one of the greatest factors responsible for our infant mortality rate of 300,000 babies a year. Tuberculosis, which causes the death of 150,000 men and women in the prime of life, gains its first foothold in the bodies of the poorly nourished. The anemic young girl of the past generation becomes the mother of the children who should comprise the future strength of the nation. Because she herself may have been improperly nourished, she is not as physically fit for the ordeal of childbirth as she might be; she may join that pitiful army of 15,000 wo- men who die each year of this one cause; or she may drag herself wear- ily through days of invalidism. Her home becomes a burden too heavy for her limited strength. She is unable to give her baby the natural nourish- ment it requires, while she lacks the strength and often the interest to pre- pare properly artificial food for her child. It in turn is handicapped, and the entire vicious cycle begins again. Just as factory experts study the best fuel for their engines, food ex- perts have perfected the proper bal- ance of nourishment for the human machine. Sometimes natural instinct helps to regulate this. Few women know the exact caloric value of pota- toes, rice, and beef at the same meal, but their taste prompts them to make a more balanced selection. This should be governed by far more defi- nite factors, however. Here is com- mon ground where the nursing pro- fession may meet with the average housewife in her home. The problem which presents itself is how can the scientific knowledge of the trained hospital dietitian be simplified and popularized to meet the needs of the average housewife. Another method of keeping the household well is through elementary knowledge of hygiene and sanitation. The first move of health officers in fighting typhus or yellow fever is “to clean things up.” This means more, however, than merely scouring the surface; it means investigating the sources of disease. A housewife may take infinite pains with her kitchen, her fly-screens, and her immaculate pantries and ice-box, yet if her water supply comes from a dug well sit- uated below a stable, her family are veritably drinking dirt. One of the common carriers of dis- ease is the human hand. In a house- hold where tuberculosis exists, the patient may remain absolutely iso- lated from the family, but the per- son nursing him may carry the infec- tion directly from the invalid to the other members of the household via her own hands, or a common drink- º º - & N N AMERICAN SUPPLIES BEING DISTRIBUTED TO NEEDY FRIENCH. A.T THE RETOUR OF RBIEIMS ing-glass, or a handkerchief washed in the family laundry. All these methods of prevention of disease, and of household hygiene, lie again in the domain of the graduate and public health nurse. These principles have been repeated and emphasized so often that they have become almost second nature to her, but they are an undis- covered field of knowledge for the average laywoman. Here is a second opportunity where they might well “get together.” Familiarity with elementary nurs- ing procedure is the third cornerstone of health. Leaders of the medical profession openly declare their de- pendence upon nursing. One eminent physician has declared that “the great- est advance in the practice of medicine in the past century has been the de- velopment of the art of nursing.” In- dividual experience confirms this. A soothing bath, an alcohol rub, a shaded light, and a bowl of broth daintily served on a clean tray, perhaps with a flower laid across the fresh napkin, may do more to change the attitude of mind of a patient than all the reas- suring words in a doctor's vocabulary. This interdependence of the mind and body is one of the greatest discoveries of modern psychology. Correct the former, and the readjustment of the latter becomes to a greater or less degree automatic. The problem which arises is one of cooperation. Can the graduate nurse, on the one hand, simplify her highly specialized knowledge until it becomes of the greatest practical value to the average woman? On the other hand, will the average woman go out to meet the nurse half-way— in short, will she make the individual effort to learn these rudiments of nursing? When this cooperation can be universally effected, nation-wide epidemics and disease will lose, in great part, both their danger and terror. Red Cross chapters offer instruc- tion in these cornerstones of health, in Home Dietetics, which teaches proper nutrition for the well and the sick, and in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick, which is made up of theoretical and practical instruction in elementary nursing procedure. These courses are given by Red Cross nurses and dietitians, and may be secured at nominal cost to the pupil. While these Red Cross courses may not establish the golden means of service between the graduate nurse and the average wife and mother, their value was demonstrated repeat- edly during the influenza epidemic, and by the testimony of the 22,000 women who have completed the course. At any rate, they go very far to alleviate the heartache which comes of being absolutely helpless in time of sickness, as was one woman, who, having lost two children, brought her third sickly baby to a Red Cross nurse and said: “My baby's getting sick again, just like my others. I don’t know what's the matter, and I don’t know whom to go to. Can't you teach me how to take care of her P” THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CRoss BUILDING, wasRINGTON, D. c. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington By subscription on E DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WoodRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM H. Taft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER King * g e e º e º e e º e s & e º e º 'º & © & tº Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston. FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manayer WASHINGTON, D.C., JULY 14, 1919 Russia and Siberia The importance of American Red Cross relief work in Russia and Si- beria is just beginning to be appre- ciated by the laity. During the war, while the distress among the Russian people was terrible, relief efforts were hampered by the chaotic political con- ditions throughout the country. Lat- terly, until the termination of the American Expeditionary activities in North Russia, the American Red Cross was able to give much aid to the suffering population, especially chil- dren, in conjunction with the work in behalf of our troops. A correspond- ent of The London Times, writing from Archangel, states that this Amer- ican relief work has been of inestima- ble value. A new commission to give relief in the isolated Kuban district, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, has been dispatched from France. In Siberia, where the American Red Cross began work in the eastern sec- tion at the solicitation of the Czecho- Slovak National Council last summer, a vast field of endeavor has been opened up, and as surveys show the growing demands, the work gains in importance. To gain even a partial conception of just how important it really is and the difficulties of opera- tion, one must try to visualize the vastness of the country. The work now is being carried on all along the four thousand miles of the great trans- Siberian Railroad, and to keep pace with the extension of operations new bodies of workers are constantly being mustered into the service. Distress in Siberia, both with re- spect to physical needs on the part of the people and the ravages of disease, is as great as in the Balkans, where humanitarian effort has had access since the termination of general hos- tilities, and where relief must con- tinue for an indefinite period. But in Siberia the misery is not so con- centrated, and that makes it harder to handle with normal-sized forces of workers. The needs are scattered far and wide—in spots here and there over thousands of miles of territory. Yet, nothing daunted, the commissioners who have been dispatched to Siberia have penetrated to every possible cor- iner, thousands of miles from the Pa- cific coast base, and, as fast as units can be organized from the forces sent from the States, the dispensers of ac- tual relief are carrying out the plans resulting from the surveys. w Already the American Red Cross has shipped more than $5,000,000 worth of drugs, clothing and food- stuffs to Siberia for its hospitals and for civilian relief work. As indicated, the work must enlarge, and there will be the need for great additional quan- tities of relief supplies as well as the added personnel. From a humani- tarian standpoint, the Siberian activi- ties measure in importance to those anywhere demanded. Furthermore, the relief of suffering among the na- tives of this tremendous section of the world's area means a better chance for the speedy reestablishment of sound political conditions in Russia as a whole—a matter of vital interest to America and the rest of civilization. Public Health and the Home The public health campaign, which the American Red Cross Department of Nursing is intensively conducting this summer, means much more than the inauguration of the community nursing system throughout the coun- try. Many things which the wives and mothers of the land, without pro- fessional assistance, can do to pro- mote the health of their own house- holds and thereby contribute to the welfare of the whole population, are to be made matters of hearthstone knowledge if the Red Cross succeeds in its undertaking. - Much general interest has been shown in an article in THE BULLETIN a few weeks ago, telling in a broad way of the plans and purposes of the public health campaign. Letters evi- dencing this interest have been re- ceived from all parts of the country, and the article in question has been given more extended publicity through the daily newspapers. There is no doubt of the general desire among the people of all sections to push the idea along. - In view of this popular interest in the subject, an article dealing with home dietetics and other factors en- tering into the improvement of health conditions in the family circle, which Miss Noyes has contributed to the current issue of THE BULLETIN, Surely will command especial atten- tion. To eat right, together with the observance of other simple rules, means health. And it is just as easy to have things right in the home as it is to have them wrong. It’s all in plain, simple understanding of scien- tific facts, which there will be no ex- cuse for not possessing if the moth- ers and wives and daughters cooperate heartily with the Red Cross chapters in their public health endeavors. Back from Trip to the West (Continued from page 1) for the future in that vast region. Generally speaking, the chief em- phasis at the meetings and confer- ences was laid on the completion of the present war program of the Red Cross at home and abroad, the possi- bilities affecting relief work in East- ern Europe, either directly by the American Red Cross or by the League of Red Cross Societies, as conditions may determine, and the future peace- time program at home, laying particu- lar stress on the public health situa- tion as it presents itself in the differ- ent States of the Union. “I was not only deeply impressed by the enthusiasm and earnestness of Red Cross workers,” said Dr. Far- rand, on his return, “but I became con- vinced of their desire to get behind and support whatever program time may work out in this country.” THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 5 CENTRAL WEST STRONG FOR HOME SERVICE Head of Red Cross Civilian Relief Department Gives Interview on Results of - Visit to Several States “Tell us our quota and we will meet it”—“Tell us our quota and we will double it,” were the two replies which greeted J. Byron Deacon, act- ing director of the Red Cross Depart- ment of the Civilian Relief, in his re- cent western trip with Dr. Farrand, when he asked whether the people of the Central West would support the Red Cross in an extensive future pro- gram of service at home. Conferences in St. Louis, Mo.; Wichita, Kans. ; Dallas, Tex.; Denver and Pueblo, Colorado, gave opportunity to a large number—over 300—of the Red Cross chapters in the Southwestern and Mountain Divisions to come together and talk over the future plans. It is not without significance that the confer- ences called for this purpose brought a larger representation than has any previous call for similar deliberative gatherings. Delegates made long journies to participate in the meetings and to learn what national and divi- sional headquarters had to offer them in the way of advice and suggestions. Not only women, but busy men, left their own affairs to come and help the Red Cross to work out its future plans. “These people of the Western Mis- sissippi Valley and the Rocky Moun- tains do not speak the lingo of the city social worker,” said Mr. Deacon, “but they are genuinely interested in ‘folks’—their neighbors—and how their lives can be made happier, healthier, richer, more friendly, more helpful to their country, more worth living. Home Service had brought to their attention many things about their country and what it had to offer to the folks there. NEED MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING “Mexicans, for instance, had lived in this Southwest section for a long time. They had not been especially welcome. At best, they were simply tolerated. The war came. Mexican boys went into service. Mexican mothers and wives needed support, for their allowance and allotment checks seemed especially prone to go astray. Home Service Sections were called upon to help straighten out the difficulties and to see that the family was cared for as befitted the relatives | of a soldier in France or a sailor in the North Sea Fleet. These Americanº Home Service workers made astound- | ing discoveries. They found that these foreign-speaking people were just like themselves, so far as essen- tials of human nature are concerned. The mothers were just as eager to learn how to take good care of their babies, just as proud of their boys in service, just as friendly and approach- able as the other folks in the coun- try. Having gotten acquainted with these Mexicans has brought home to these Red Cross people a new sense of the need for Americans to under- stand one another and to work to- gether. “There seemed to be general agree- ment that the next logical step in the future program of Home Service is simply to extend to all families of a community the same sort of service as has been extended to soldiers’ and sailors’ families. In fact, there were numerous confessions from the dele- gates that even before National Head- quarters had authorized such an exten- sion, they had not been able to close their eyes to the needs of the civilian families in dire distress, and that they had helped them on occasions. LIKE FUTURE PLANS “The westerners liked the plans which have thus far been advanced by the Red Cross for developing the future program. They wanted free- dom for the local communities to de- velop their own service program. They wanted opportunity for local ini- tiative, and they were ready to shoul- der all the local responsibilities, as shown by their remarks quoted above. On the other hand, they appreciated how much it will mean to them in the future to have the services of Na- tional Headquarters and division of- fices to help them to go about meeting their local problems in ways that have been found effective in other places. They also wanted to feel that they were part of a great team playing a great national game; but they real- ized, as we all do, that the stream of national life cannot rise above its local Sources. “The future program is on their hearts. Officials from seventy-six of the two hundred chapters of the Southwestern Division, attending these conferences, reported that it had been a matter of serious concern and had been under discussion in the chapter at home before they came to the con- ference. In the whole Southwestern Division there are, outside the six hun- dred and forty-six Home Service Sec- tions, but thirty local organizations which extend help to families in trouble. In such a situation we can hardly speak of future work; we have imperative present duties and we are busy in them now. - THE “ALFALFA PROBLEM” “For those whose views of the pos- sibilities of social service are limited by the conventional services of the past, there can be no better tonic than to see what these western people are doing for and with their folks. I heard much about the ‘alfalfa prob- lem,' which was new to me as a con- cern for a social agency. But when one learns that one of the worst mis- fortunes, which can befall a family whose all is invested in cattle, is to run out of feed when the ground is covered with snow and cattle cannot graze, he sees that alfalfa is a real key to meeting the situation and saving the day for the family “Yes, those western folks aren't merely falling in line in the future program of the Red Cross—they ar- rived abreast, if not ahead of Head- quarters, in building sound plans for needed neighborly activities in their Own communities.” * Czechs Here from Far East (Continued from page 1) provide tempting, nourishing dishes for the invalids. The majority of these men are young—mere boys, with thin bodies and tired eyes that have looked long on misery. Many walk with crutches and carry empty sleeves, in testimony of sharp battles and frostbite when they lay in the snow with the ther- mometer at 50 below. The Nanking is the second vessel to leave Siberia with Czech soldiers, the first being the British hospital ship Madras, also in charge of a Red Cross staff, bound for Prague over the west- €111 route. - . The newly arrived soldiers are be- ing conveyed across the continent on special troop trains to the Atlantic, there to board a ship bound for Trieste, the Italian port on the Adriatic. Two other ships, filled with wounded comrades, are now on the Way across the Pacific. New League Appointment A cablegram from Paris announces the appointment of Professor William H. Rappard, of the University of Geneva, as secretary-general of the League of Red Cross Societies. Pro- fessor Rappard is a member of the International Committee of the Red Cross and is well known in the United States, having been for two years con- nected with the faculty of Harvard University. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HEROES OF THE RAIL INSPIRE BY COURAGE Undaunted by Suffering, Employes of Great Trans-Siberian Railway Keep Life Blood Pulsing in Russia Among the civilian beneficiaries of Red Cross aid in Russia have been the employes of the trans-Siberian Railway and their families, who have suffered cold and want, along with the rest of destitute Russia, during the last two black years of Russian history. An unusual story of level- headedness in the face of turmoil and | N N | | º º § - § & º' tions of their calling that has kept them steadfast through the incredible toil and hazard of their service, the struggle with war, pestilence and famine. Last fall these men received no pay for three months. They went hungry to work. They left hunger and misery at home. Yet the miracle took place and the work went on . . .” N º PARADE OF AMERICAN TROOPS APPROACHING AMERICAN RED CROSS HEADQUARTERS AT WLADIVOSTOR unswerving loyalty, where such vir- tue is its own reward, is told of those men who pilot the trains across the long iron road from Vladivostok to Petrograd. It throws a brighter light upon the quality of the Russian people than any tale that has come to western ears since we began to speculate on Russian affairs. A Red Cross man, back from Rus- sia, tells it: “When one reflects on the terrific strain under which the trans-Siberian Railway has been oper- ated for the past 5 years, and real- izes that for that time the road has been without proper administration, without adequate repairs, without new rolling stock, the difficulties of main- taining transportation can be sur- mised.” Yet, in spite of all this, the work has gone on, and the road has “run or limped its crippled way along, and the thing that has kept it going is the spirit of the loyal Russian labor- ing man . . . a loyalty to the tradi- § º º 2. 3. “A journey of nearly 10,000 miles over the trans-Siberian lines last March and April gave me an oppor- tunity to study the work of these men, and to know them to be alert, well posted, courteous men, ready to ex- plain the intricacies of their great locomotives, familiar with both Rus- sian and American types, willing to gossip of the hardships and dangers of their calling, frank in their grief over poor, suffering Russia. The en- gines are all sadly out of repair and require constant coaxing to keep them running at all. We spent half a morn- ing with one engineer while he mended a leaky steam union with red lead, oakum, tire tape, muscle and oaths, and while the result could not be called a finished job, it served to get us two or three hundred versts far- ther west to a place where we could exchange the poor old Schenectady for another a bit less decrepit. And through it all there was no display of ill temper, but a canny shrewdness in contrast to the nervous haste ob- served on the part of our own men, under similar conditions, when time presses often to the danger point. The job finished, my friend blew a series of jaunty toots on the whistle and, throwing wide the throttle, raced us half a mile to the switch with the exuberance of a boy just out of school. “The engines carry two firemen, as the work is too heavy for one in the desperate cold and over the exhaust- ing grades of the wild iron way. Through parts of the way, wood is the only fuel—huge, hardwood logs, that flow in ceaseless stream into the monster’s white-hot maw. It is all that the two sturdy workers can do to N T N vº § § º º § § JAPANESE MEDICAL AND NURSING STAFF AT A. R. C. REFU GEE Hospiº AI, AT VLADIVOSTOK T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN keep the steam gauge steady, yet they make a game of it, watching the con- test between the results of their lithe muscled effort with a gambler's inten- sity. They are very much alive, these men. Life is not mere drudgery to them. The immobility which has earned for them the attribute of ‘stolid’ is immobility of body, not soul. It is the oriental with its touch of fatalism; the instability, which is the Russ motif, and which gives him the flash of quick response and the ready and unconscious charm with which he answers questions, only to relapse in- stantly into that shrouded calm which the world sees and misreads, lies deeper. “To every class car, a provodnik is assigned, whose duties are to keep the carriages clean and to look after the comfort of the passengers. These men are relatively unskilled workers and show a lack of education that limits them to the narrow outlook of the Russian peasant . . . but the provodnik will stick to his coach wherever it may travel, into whatever dangers it may run. “In the little teplushka, at the rear of the train, rides a varied assort- ment of outside guards, who look after brakes, bearings, couplings, etc. They have some slight knowledge of me- chanics and can make simple repairs; and for their skill there is abundant exercise, for constant wear on the crippled rolling stock brings frequent calamity and it is a fortunate 24 hours that does not involve a lay-off on some remote siding, while awaiting the te— dious repair of a spring or some other detail of the running gear, accom- plished after infinite delay and labori- ous effort, yet with a cheerfulness and stolid good nature that reconciles one to their slow and devious methods.” Speaking of the section hands and the track patrol, upon whose shoul- ders a great deal of responsibility rests, the writer says: “One familiar with this sort of work has little diffi- culty in picturing the hardships these men endure during the blizzards and biting cold of the Siberian winter. On them depends the maintenance of the iron way. In their faith the traveler must place his confidence, and latterly the struggle has not been alone against the forbidding elements. Haz- ard has been a constant companion along the vigilant miles of the dreary patrol. - - “Early last May, the Omsk Express was approaching a dangerous, down- grade curve at a high rate of speed, when suddenly down the track, run- ning madly and signalling the engi- neer to stop, came one of these rough patrolmen. The train came to a stop a few yards from the spot where a rail had been sawn through and the spikes removed on the outer side. In addition to the dangerous curve at this point, the road lay over a 30-foot em- bankment and many deaths would have been inevitable but for the faith- ful servant’s timely discovery. But from that moment the patrol’s life was not worth a kopek and the rail- road authorities had to shift him to Vladivostok, far from the danger zone. When Captain Schuyler, of the A. E. F., came through this region last May, he and others took turns riding on the front of the engine to watch out for signs of tampering with the track, so frequent had such bar- . | | º º % % * º COUNTESS ELIZABETH NERALAIMA TOLSTOI, WHO HAS AIDED A. R. C. WORKERS IN RUSSIA barous attempts at the destruction of life and property become.” In conclusion, the writer eulogizes these loyal men of Russia, who, with- out pay, without food, without praise or reward, have kept the lane of transportation open to the world. “In the priceless quality of their loyalty,” writes their eulogist, “this dauntless band of Russian railroad laborers stands the peer of any army of workmen in the world. With their esprit de corps as a background, with the mind of America directing their efforts, no one, who has seen them at work, doubts the certainty of the speedy rehabilitation of the trans- Siberian road, that great nutrient artery through which, though feebly, the rich life blood is still pulsing into ravaged, desolate Russia.” WOMAN'S PART WIWIDLY TOLD Report Gives Hours, Volume and Value of Work, Which Con- tributed to Winning War American womanhood's part in win- ning the war is shown most vividly in an American Red Cross report just completed. Complete figures of chap- ter production, dealing with the thir- teen divisions of the Red Cross in the United States, show that the estimated 8,000,000 volunteer women workers produced 354,868,855 articles valued at $81,449,997 in the eighteen months preceding January 1, 1919. In pro- ducing this enormous volume of sup- plies for America's fighting forces, and for the relief of people in the war-swept countries, it is estimated that these patriotic women put in nearly 300,000,000 hours, the equiva- lent of the entire working time for one year of 125,000 men. The report deals with the 149 standardized articles produced by the women workers, there being no way of determining the value or time con- sumed in the production of millions of articles of a miscellaneous char- acter. Not the least important of the labors of the Red Cross industrial army has been the reclamation of clothing and equipment for the army, approximately 3,000,000 articles, in- cluding shirts, underwear, socks, blankets, etc., having been repaired in chapter workrooms during the last six months of last year. Standard articles are grouped under four classifications: Surgical dress- ings, hospital garments and supplies, refugee garments and articles for sol- diers and sailors, this latter includ- ing knitted articles which, in turn, em- braces sweaters, helmets, socks, wrist- lets and mufflers. The number of ar- ticles of each class produced, together with their value, was as follows: Surgical dressings, 300,896,071, valued at $13,922,292; hospital garments and supplies, 29,422,390 valued at $26,- 818,843; refugee garments, 4,111,402, valued at $5,500,448; articles for sol- diers and sailors, 20,438,992, valued at $35,208,414. Of the 354,868,855 standard articles turned out by the chapter workers, 14,250,000 were utilized in Red Cross work in this country, 21,500,000 were placed at the disposal of the surgeon general of the Army, and 296,514,296 were shipped to the stricken countries of Europe and Asia. The allotment to each of these countries was: France, 221,530,692; Italy, 70,272,759; Eng- land, 2,925,942; Siberia, 1,214,267; Russia, 262,238; Serbia, 200,294; (Continued on page 8) 8 - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN Russian children Send Toys A large hamper filled with quaint little Russian toys, to be presented to American school children from the boys and girls of Archangel, has been received by the Department of Junior Membership. It was brought to America by Maj. C. T. Williams, formerly head of the American Red Cross Commission for North Russia, and it began its long journey by a 350- mile Overland ride On a carefully guarded corner of Major Williams's sledge. e Russian children have been bring- ing such gifts to the Archangel head- quarters very faithfully—almost too faithfully for the peace of mind of the men in charge. girls of Archangel feel that they can- not do enough to show their grati- tude to the children of the United States. The American Red Cross has been giving these boys and girls a badly needed lunch every day for sev- eral months, and the Red Cross men always explain to the hungry little Russians that American children are members of the Red Cross, and that American children are working hard to raise Red Cross money, so that children in Russia and other countries need not be so uncomfortable. About 15,000 school children in Archangel have received from the Red Cross a daily lunch of cocoa and bis- cuits. For the most of the children this cocoa lunch was the first meal of the day, and for all of them it has been the most nourishing. Hence the toys, following on the heels of the beautifully embroidered handkerchiefs which the Russian children sent to America last winter. The toys are tiny reproductions of articles used in the peasant homes of North Russia. samovars, miniature ikon lamps, and wee painted stools like the family prayer stools that surround the house- hold ikon. There are little wooden “flatirons,” and there is a shallow boat-like tub with its two broad wooden paddles tied on, model of the peasant woman's primitive laundry apparatus. Then there are little but- ter kegs and salt jars and Sugar bowls, and a host of other wee copies of the everyday things of the Russian pan- try and kitchen. The toys are now on exhibition at the Junior Red Cross offices at Red Cross National Headquarters. Be- fore they are finally distributed, they will be sent as a complete traveling “exhibition” to cities in all parts of the United States. The boys and There are miniature New Mission for Russia A new mission to take American relief to the suffering people in an isolated part of Eastern Europe has been organized at St. Nazaire, France, and will carry 3,000 tons of clothing, food and medical supplies. It is bound for the Kuban district of Rus- sia, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, and is in charge of an American Red Cross unit, headed by Maj. Rob- ert Davis, of New York City, and Capt. Henry Adams, of Boston. The Red Cross learned a few weeks ago that both Cossack soldiers and civilians of this Kuban district were greatly in need of medical sup- plies and clothing. Typhus had also broken out. In cooperation with the American Relief Commission, the American Red Cross is sending a ship- load of supplies. The government mission furnished the transportation and 1,000 tons of clothing and food. The Red Cross furnished 2,000 tons of medical and surgical supplies, sup- plementary foods for children, soap and other articles. The expedition has a completely equipped army field hospital of 500 beds and several soup kitchens. These supplies will be landed at Novoris- Sisk, on the Black Sea. Maj. Edwin G. Dexter, of Urbana, Ill., formerly head of the Red Cross Commission for Montenegro, left for Kuban sev- eral weeks ago to make a preliminary survey of the new field of activity. Red Cross Types in Oil There have been received at Red Cross National Headquarters, and placed in the War Museum of the Bureau of Archives, three studies in oil of types of Red Cross workers in France during the war, the work of Miss Marion H. Beckett, of New York. The portraits were painted by Miss Beckett while attached to the Red Cross Publicity Bureau in Paris. Two are types of canteen workers, while the third portrait is that of a Red Cross nurse. All of the paintings have been favorably commented upon by critics who have viewed them, and they form an interesting and instruc- tive addition to the growing exhibit representing Red Cross effort in the world conflict. - - Acting Director Junior Membership During the absence of Mr. Stude- baker in Europe, Prof. James N. Rule, principal of Schenley High School, of Pittsburgh, will be acting director of the Department of Junior Member- ship. - - Rusians Bestow Decorations By order of the Governor General of North Russia, four officers of the American Red Cross have been decorated for their work with the Russians. Maj. D. O. Lively, of Washington, D. C., director of the American Red Cross Commission for Archangel, receives the Order of St. Stanislaus, with swords. Capt. Roger Lewis, of New York City, is awarded the Order of St. Anne, third degree, with ribbon and swords. The Order of St. Stanislaus, third degree, with ribbon and sword, goes to Lieut. George Pollatts, of Chicago, and Lieut. Fred. G. Mason, of Waterbury, Conn., in charge of military and civilian relief. In replying to the citation of the Governor General, Major Lively said: “The people of America, who are represented by the American Red Cross in Russia, will be told of your gracious act, and they will realize that in honoring their representatives here you have honored them. In their name we extend to you our heartfelt thanks. If we have done aught to comfort and reassure the army and the people of North Russia, we are but carrying out the will and admiration of America, and it is in that spirit that our gratitude to you is expressed.” The American Red Cross has do- nated 20,000,000 yards of bleached gauze to civilian hospitals in the United States, a large number of which are giving some free service to Soldiers, sailors and marines. Woman's Part Vividly Told (Continued from page 7) Greece, 41,005; Palestine, 40,306; Manila, 18,761 ; Denmark, 8,302. July, 1918, was the banner month for production, 40,758,899 articles be- ing turned out by the chapters during that period. November and Decem- ber, the period during which influenza was prevalent throughout the country, were the low months of 1918 in point of production. The rapid increase in the production of refugee garments is One of the interesting things noted in the report. During the last seven months of 1917 only 7,281 refugee garments were produced by the thir- teen divisions, the workers not fully realizing the necessity for these ar- ticles at that time. The great need for these garments was emphasized in in- structions sent out from Red Cross Headquarters early last year, with the result that production of refugee clothing took an upward bound, reach- ing 859,053 garments in the month of October alone. 575 The Red Cross Bulletin º - sº t Vol. III , ovº + Lutras, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY 21, 1919 No. 30 º – THE RED CRſ SS AND THE RURAL COMMUNITY Plans for the Development of the Home Service Activities that Form Important Part of the Peace Program - There are 3,700 Home Service Sections now operating under the Red Cross organization in the United States. Of these, 2,900 are in places having a population under 8,000. It follows, therefore, that plans for the extension of home service activities under the Red Cross peace-time pro- gram must have special reference to the conditions af- fecting the rural s -*. population. Those who have studied the question realize that the first es- sential thing is to 1 o ok a t t he rural communities through rural glasses and not through the city lens. It has been found that schemes for social better- ment which do very well for the cities do not work out at all advantageously when applied to the country, and that workers of good intentions, but with the urban point of view, make more or less of a mess of things when they try to op- erate outside of their original stamp- ing ground. With these facts in mind, the Bu- reau of Rural Organization has been created in the Red Cross Department of Civilian Relief, and Prof. E. L. Morgan, of the faculty of the Massa- chusetts College of Agriculture, has been appointed director thereof. Pro- fessor Morgan probably is as well qualified as any man in the country to undertake the work in hand. For 9 years past he has been engaged in the organization of rural communities in New England, for the improvement of economic conditions, and his suc- cess in that work and his writings on the economic mobilization of the rural community, have won him a country- wide reputation. With this experience and his intimate understanding of the rural people, he now takes up the § * --- à - - º ſº : º & social side of the work with the Red Cross. Professor Morgan, who is now getting his bureau in shape for ac- tion, has tentatively outlined the aims of the rural work of the Red Cross in the following statement, prepared for THE BULLETIN: “In any plan of rural development the local community must be thought of as the unit of importance. It is where the people live. It is the basis on which they come together for social and business relationships. They w BUILDING OCCUPIED BY LEAGUE OF RED CROSS SOCIETIES AT GENEVA must be led to come together on this same basis to study local problems with the help and education of various organizations, boards and institutions, whose function it is to give them help. Such study of local conditions should result in a definite program of work, which should be decided on by the people and carried out as fast as local conditions warrant. “The Red Cross does not assume that it can render all the service a community will be in need of. It does assume, however, that in doing its own work it should lead the people of the local commu- nity to see the pos- sibility of a long term plan on as broad a scale as possible. Every Red Cross worker will be informed as to where the commu- nity can get help in other than Red Cross work, and will consider it part of his duty to con- nect the community with those sources of help. “There will be found plenty of communities where people have not in the habit of coming together. Anything of an claborate nature, of course, will be in- possible under such conditions. Every community must begin at its natural starting point and development should come only as rapidly as is feasible. “The rural community must be thought of as being only a part of a chain of development. There are numerous problems which can be met only on the basis of a county, such as problems of education, health, roads, development of agriculture, home making, etc. There are to be found in most counties a number of county- been T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN wide organizations working with the various towns of the county. One of these will be a Red Cross Chapter. There are a number of counties in which this sort of work has been done and the following has been the gen- eral procedure: “1. A get-together of the county- wide agencies for exchange of plans and projects and for mutual infor- mation about the work of each. “2. A study of the county concern- ing the outstanding needs of the county as a whole and certain towns in par- ticular. “3. A conference of the people called by these various agencies at which time reports are made concern- ing work done by any and all agen- cies, and specific problems of the county discussed by representatives of state organizations, boards and insti- tutions having work in charge. “4. The presentation by various agencies of their program of work for the coming year. This should be acted upon by the county conference rather than in the way of authorizing the agencies to these with particular lines of work. “5. Some sort of a medium through which the county-wide agencies may come together frequently to keep in touch with each other. In some in- stances the ‘County Council’ idea has been used. The County Council is comprised of one person from each county-wide agency. There will be found many counties in which there are no county organizations. In some of these, part of the purpose of bring- ing the people together may be that of determining whether there is need for a county demonstration agent or some other line of work. There will be no counties in which there are not enough organizations to form a county council, but there will usually be found enough people so that there can be a county conference to consider out- standing problems of the county. “The third link in the chain of rural development is that of the state. There are many problems which may be solved on the basis of state lines only. There are many state organi- zations, boards and institutions in every state which work out into the individual communities of the state. Here there is a great need for a frank, straightforward coming together of agencies, that overlapping duplication of effort may be avoided and under- standing and cooperative effort achieved. A number of states have made a beginning at this and it is well for us to think of varying the paths already made, somewhat as follows: “1. A coming together of state agencies interested in rural and social affairs in order that there can be un- derstanding between them and consid- eration of the outstanding state-wide problems. “2. A state rural conference at which time the people of the state will be brought together to consider prob- lems of rural workers and confer concerning the ways and means of their solution. “The Red Cross does not assume that it is a correlative agency with a purpose of calling other bodies to- gether. It merely expects to set in as one of the agencies in the field to co- operate at all points and take the lead where necessary in bringing about this sort of thoroughgoing development of rural affairs. The Red Cross recog- nizes that there are many other agen- cies in the rural field and expects to respect their rights and will do its best to cooperate at all points. “The goal, then, in country life, may be that of such a development of the local community and the county as will bring about as rapidly as is feas- ible permanent development of rural affairs. The Red Cross states this is a part of the goal for its work. A Bureau of Rural Organization has been established at National Head- quarters. It is the plan of the work- ers to develop rural organization in the various Red Cross divisions as rapidly as is feasible and that the de- velopment of the rural community, the heart and soul of country life, be brought about.” N More Supplies for Siberia The American Red Cross has au– thorized the immediate shipment to Siberia of 250,000 undergarments, valued at $230,000, and baby supplies costing $106,437. The underwear, which is designed to prevent the spread of typhus during the coming winter, is made of unbleached muslin, that material lending itself more readily to frequent sterilization. It will be distributed among the men, women and children in the needy districts. The consignment of baby supplies con- sists of 230,868 infant shirts, 110,712 cakes of toilet soap, 143,616 cans of talcum powder, more than 3,000,000 safety pins, 272,170 yards of tape and 53,064 spools of thread. Sewing ma- terials, soap and talcum powder are among the scarcest articles in Siberia. Canteen Workers Get War Cross Marshal Petain, on behalf of the French Government, has bestowed the Croix de Guerre on Misses Frances and Elizabeth Anderson, of New Canaan, Conn., and Mrs. Mildred Far- well, of Pyosset, L. I. for bravery while serving as American Red Cross canteen workers. They have been in France almost two years, serving at Chalons until September, 1918, and after that in canteens at Neufchateau and north of Verdun. Through the mediation of the Red Cross, disabled Serbian soldiers, who have undergone treatment and cure in the English military hospitals, have been admitted to the London Polytech- nic institute. AMERICAN RED CROSS “TENT CITY” IN THE CHAMPS DE MARS, PARIS, VIEWED FROM TOP OF GREAT FERRIS WHEEL T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN L0AVES AND FISHES AT NOWA-NIKOLMEWSK In Russia, as in other regions where the American Red Cross is ministering to the needs of afflicted people, the problem of greatest immediate concern frequently is: How to obtain the materials nec- essary to provide for the most pressing wants. But where there is a will there always is a way. Producing something out of ap- parently nothing is a never-ceasing miracle. In the following sketch, Major Kendall Emerson, U. S. A., gives an instance of its accom- plishment at one of the spots touched by the Red Cross special mission sent to the frozen fastness of Siberia. By MAJOR KENDALL EMERSON, U. S. A. The Special Mission sent to Siberia last winter arrived at Novo–Niko- laevsk about the middle of March, on Colonel Teusler’s train. It was a snowy morning and the thermometer was lurking close to the bulb, but that appeared to concern but little the trio of enthusiastic Red Cross girls who met us at the station. Miss Heywood, of Tokyo, is in charge of the group, and Miss Cary and Miss Chase, also in educational work in Japan, are her two able assistants. Our party of seven or eight tumbled into the funny little sleighs of Siberia and were gal- loped madly about the town to see the various activities in which the workers were interested. The first visit was to a long row § of immigration barracks on the banks of the ice-bound River Obi, which flows onward toward Tomsk, and thence to the Arctic Sea. All through Siberia are scattered these substantial log barracks, put up in more stable days by an intelligent ministry, to shelter the pioneers from Russia, who, under stress from crowded Europe, were surging eastward in an ever- rising tide before the great war. In one of these huts the Red Cross work- ers had established a typhus hospital during the first days of the epidemic, and the lit- tle hospital had been running to its full ca- pacity since. We first entered a well-lighted room with two beds, on which sat two sad- eyed Russian mothers, crooning in dumb de- spair, each over her pathetic little baby, desperately ill with smallpox. Then came the typhus rooms, three in all, with their har- vest of sufferers. All was clean and cheer- ful, and the little Russian nurse in charge carried always a ready, hope- ful smile and was evidently the idol of her patients. Consul Rey warmed us with tea from the ever-faithful samovar, and the mayor of the city came in to join us. He was a solemn and very per- fect gentleman, with the weight and cares of his high office hanging vis- ibly upon him. His entirely bald head and the tight-drawn skin of his face, with tiny crowsfeet all about, gave him § § SIBERIAN MISSION AND PERSONNEL AT NOVA-NIKOLAEWSK - - - N a peculiarly ascetic appearance, and his formality was forbidding. But back of it all was a canny shrewdness, and he soon showed that he knew what he wanted and proposed to put his back into it. The typhus was at its height. The city was prostrated and had no place to care for its cases. The Red Cross could help and he would provide a proper building. So we sallied into the cold once more and drove to the finest building - N RED CROSS HOSPITAL AT NOVA-NIKOLAEWSK in town, the Commercial Club House, well located and with plenty of room for four hundred beds. Doctors were scarce as charity and we, alas, had none to send. But we did have three dauntless women available, undis- mayed by the mere incident of having an impossible project placed in their hands. And thus the task began. I am sure that the smoke of our train had not faded from the horizon before Miss Heywood started her attack on the lazy Polish soldiers inhabiting the building. They proved recalcitrant, but though they had faced unflinch- ing the attacks of embattled Russia in the earlier days of the war, their defeat became a rout before that co- hort of American skirts. Two hun- dred Austrian prisoners, with mops and scrubbing brushes, took their place and the floors were made to shine. White magic produced carpenters in a carpenterless town, wood from empty lumber yards, nails from heaven knows where, and partitions were built, beds were knocked together and mattresses appeared by some process of spontaneous generation. A Russian doctor sprang, like Venus, from the foam, or more prob- ably a snow drift; two great disin- fecting cameras were constructed, and in two weeks we beheld this miracle of Red Cross accomplishment in full operation, equipped, staffed and sup- plied with drugs, already caring for a number of the desperately ill citizens of Novo-Nikolaevsk. 4 - T H E R E D C Ross B U L LET IN THE RED CROSS BULLETIN | PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. " Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . 's e e e s • e s e º a Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Secretary Livingston FARRAND... Chairman Central C ommittee WILLou GHBY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., JULY 21, 1919 Rural Organization Home Service, undertaken by the American Red Cross with the primary purpose of aiding the families of fight- ing men left without the counsel of those who ordinarily looked after their wants, and of exercising many little commissions of a domestic nature which served to relieve the anxiety of soldiers in the camps and in the field abroad, not only produced most grati- fying results, but indicated a line of effort which could be followed with great benefit to the people of the coun- try when peace again spread its wings over the land. Out of the experience gained in the Home Service work of war-time, plans for a permanent future work have been developed, tentatively as yet, of course, because the idea is too broad of scope to make possible the establishment of a complete program and scheme of action at the outset. The program must unfold gradually, in the light of still further experience and study of the problems concerned ; but the underlying principles stand forth clearly and a general conception exists regarding the character of oper- ations which are to be carried on. The tremendous mobilization of energy ac- complished under the Red Cross em- blem in the days of the country’s crisis is not to be permitted to lapse into uselessness. An emergency has given permanency to the Red Cross idea. In one sense Home Service is only a branch of the work in the Red Cross peace-time program, and in another sense it embraces many phases, or rather groups, the activities which it is designed to carry on for the perma- nent welfare of the people. Health, education and the development of the public health nursing idea, and the as- sociated forms of welfare effort are one and all parts of a coordinated pro- gram, and it is difficult to separate them by distinctions of mere name. All are factors in a common objective, which is to improve general living con- ditions and conserve the health and social welfare of the people. Social welfare work in the large cities of the country already has reached a high state of development in America, and, generally Speaking, that work will take care of itself in the future. Red Cross agencies may assist in its improvement; but in the country—the small cities and towns, the so-called rural communities and the districts embraced within county boundaries, where the people who con- stitute the great bulk of the nation's population have their abode—the field is open for the initiation of service which is entirely new. The rural problems are different from the urban problems; they must be dealt with from the rural and not the city point of view. That the Red Cross proposes to do. - Metropolitan social work frequently partakes of a charitable aspect. It is important to keep in mind the fact that the Home Service and general ~ welfare work, which are a part of the peace program of the Red Cross, are not charities. The idea simply is to aid communities, through the influ- ence and practical help of the Red Cross, to organize for the operation of their own welfare projects. The strong point in the Red Cross con- nection with the proposition lies in the fact that this organization is open to all. It is the people's Red Cross. It is now for the people to utilize it and make the most of its far-reaching ability to serve. . - An interesting exposition of the tentative plans of the Red Cross Bu- reau of Rural Organization, whose and director comes to this new work with expert knowledge of the needs of the rural communities—with the “rural point of view”—will be found elsewhere in this number of THE BULLETIN. Quakers in the War The tenets of the religious sect known as Quakers, or the Society of Friends, forbid participation in the ac- tive affairs of war. Their conscien- tious objection to war is recognized as valid in excluding the members of the sect from the provisions of draft law, such as generally applied both in this country and England during the recent world conflict. . - Although not in the fighting line, the Quakers, nevertheless, showed the spirit of true heroism when the call came in defense of liberty; and the relief work performed by units of Friends from the United States and from Great Britain, as auxiliaries of the Red Cross, forms one of the thrilling chapters in the war history. Unarmed and essentially non-combat- ant, the members of these units were many times under fire and showed bravery in its highest sense. They per- formed construction work while the enemy bombarded, and they risked life repeatedly to aid in the rescue of wounded soldiers. - It is with great pleasure and appre- ciation that THE BULLETIN presents in this issue an article descriptive of the service which the Society of Friends rendered in the world crisis. Italian Earthquake Relief An appropriation of $50,000 worth of supplies and $7,143 in cash, to aid in the relief of the thousands of vic- tims of the recent earthquake in the Mugello district, near Florence, Italy, was made by the American Red Cross. Reports from Red Cross workers on the scene tell of great suffering as the result of the earthquake. Several towns were wiped out, scores of per- sons were killed, hundreds injured thousands rendered homeless. The suffering was made more acute because a large number of the victims were widows and orphans of the war and men disabled in the war, making Outside assistance imperative. Ship- ment of the relief supplies began a few hours after news of the disaste reached Paris. - . .* .# T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY RESTORINGWOUNDED By WINIFRED CARR - It is a long, hard term, labially and literally; one must needs go back to the old Greek to find its derivation and even then it is somewhat involved. The nearest English equivalent and the one that is generally accepted is the word “cure,” although in this the original meaning is exaggerated. In short, it is “occupational-cure”—cure effected by occupation—that is restor- ing so many of the injured soldiers to normal health, strength and fung- tion. The process of Occupational- therapy may be observed at any of our large base hospitals and it was recently my good fortune to spend an interesting afternoon at Walter Reed General Hospital, in Washington, go- ing through its shops and laboratories. Grievous wounds demand more than the setting of bones and the staunch- ing of blood. In most cases, whether or not amputation is involved, the whole of the surrounding tissue or the adjacent member is affected. Muscles become useless; nerves are dead. Surgeons have found the answer to this in occupational-therapy. Occupational-therapy is based on the principle that the best type of remedial exercise, is that which re- quires a series of specific voluntary movements, involved in the ordinary trades and occupations, physical train- ing, play or the daily routine activities of life. Its advantages Over formal medical gymnastics, performed on special apparatus, are many. The human body is more than a machine where voluntary movements are con- cerned, and it is doubtful if formal repetition of movement from a me- chanical source is of highest curative value in restoring the function of the affected part. - THE “BOss” AT HER WORK Mechano-therapy does not allow for the personal initiative of the patient, and gives little or no opportunity for voluntary effort or incentive for sus- tained effort. Because the human body is more than a machine, because so much depends on the mental atti- tude of the patient, the Department of Occupational-therapy at Walter Reed is placed under the management of expert psychologists, quick to dis- cern the fine differences among the patients, quick to play on the various mentalities that present themselves, and quick to turn the attitude of the mind to the advantage of the body. A bronze-faced, blue-eyed boy comes clumping down the corridor on his crutches, whistling snatches of a popular song and presents himself and the prescription from the surgeon to …e." the blue-frocked aide at the desk in the “psychological lab.” The aide, in spite of having eyes that match her uniform and hair like stolen sunshine, is a very efficient person, and the pa- tient finds himself quickly and uncere- moniously strapped to one of the Inquisition-like apparata in the labora- tory, having the flexion and extension of his ankle measured, the ankle hav- ing salvaged a shrapnel ball in the Argonne. - - “How about a little work on the scroll-saw, Miller P’’ she asks, sugges- tively, as she jots down a row of fig- ures on a chart. Miller nods his head and murmurs something about guess- ing it would be all right. “It’ll fix you up in no time,” she remarks encourag- ingly, loosening the strap. “MICHAEL ANGELO, J.R.” Curative work is always presented in this way. The patient must go will- ingly, otherwise the battle is twice as hard. Work must be inviting, inter- esting, attractive, as well as appro- priate to each individual case. I went into all the shops and have not yet decided which was the most interest- ing. It was hard to leave Aversa, who was modeling “The Brothers,” a sol- dier carrying his wounded comrade on his back. Aversa, who seems to be endowed with something of the vision of his countryman Michael Angelo, has two other very fine studies to his credit, “Chow” and “The Red Cross Nurse,” although he carries his left hand in a little steel frame for strengthening injured fingers, famil- iarly known as a “ukelele.” Nearly all the studies, casts and busts in the lit- tle modeling shop are of soldiers, or nurses, or guns, or insignia, and one marvels at the persistent fondness of the boys for things military. And when they string beads or weave rugs or paint, there are only three colors in the spectrum, unless others are sug- gested, while the flag or the regimental insignia imbellishes everything. We have a11 seen the “Bit o' Yank” that bids fair to become a classic. The carpenter-shop was humming away when I entered. It is not diffi- cult, even for the casual layman, to see how cures are brought about by the use of the various carpentry tools. The treadle scroll-saw, that at the moment was turning out a long-tailed balancing monkey to sit on the edge of your mantlepiece and swing the hours away, is just the thing for stif- fened knees and ankle joints, and the happy thought lies in the fact that the patient is curing himself without knowing it—that is, without making conscious effort. His mind is diverted from the troublesome joint, while the swinging monkey grows under the saw. The mechanical process of working the treadle does the rest. THE Psychology of IT Do you see where the psychology of it comes in, now P Another patient was planing the parts of a desk. Nothing is better for a stiff shoulder or elbow than the plane or the saw, with their sweeping motions. And there is a “living room set”—library table, arm chair and desk—designed and made by a negro soldier, who fought at St. Mihiel and who declares that, contrary to all precedent, he is going to get the furniture first and then get the girl! The rug shop is like a glimpse of Bokhara, with its gaudy, colorful hangings and its shifting looms. The tight, vertical warp threads on the Gobelin tapestry loom demand the ad- duction and extension of stiffened thumb muscles; the changing of the sheds in the Lane loom involves work for affected ankle and wrist muscles. Many of the boys will carry home beautiful and practical souvenirs of their days in the rug shop. All toys, rugs, furniture, metal work, jewelry, etc., that the patients do not want for themselves are placed on exhibit for sale by the Red Cross, and the money goes direct to the “manufacturer.” Some of the rugs are particularly worth while, carefully woven in lovely colors, and sell as low as $3.50, which is much cheaper than they can be bought in the stores. 1,500 PATIENT's ENROLLED The story of the machine shop and the knitting shop and the silversmithy and the jewelry and engraving shop are the same. In each instance some atrophied muscle is being coaxed into activity again through the medium of engaging Occupation. In the past six months, nearly 1,500 patients have en- rolled in the curative shops at Walter Reed. • , The curriculum at Walter Reed em- braces training in the important skilled trades, such as automobile re- pairing, drafting, engineering, electri- cal wiring, blacksmithing, telegraphy, plastering, printing and typesetting on the “Come Back” press, all branches of carpentry, sign painting, etc., be- sides farming, horticulture and green- house work, poultry keeping, and the arts, such as rug weaving, bookbind- ing, leather tooling, wood carving, sil- versmithing, engraving, enameling, clay modeling, painting, and, in addi- tion, academic and commercial courses of study. 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN --- REVIEW OF RELIEF WORK DONE BY FRIENDS Quakers of England and United States Performed Valuable Service in Devas- tated France and Other Lands Cooperation and good-will have made the success of the broad program of the Red Cross abroad possible. Im- portant among the organizations affil- iated with the Red Cross have been the Quakers, or Friends, made up of a group of enthusiastic workers, both English and American, who, by their conscientious devotion and indefati- gable efforts in relief fields—not only in France, but in Russia, Holland, and through liaison agencies in Serbia, Corsica, Tunis and Armenia—have earned enviable repute for their cour- age and steadfastness of purpose, and the gratitude of thousands of suffer- ing people. The Quaker faith forbids its followers to participate in actual warfare, so the Friends chose the field of relief in which to discharge their obligations to the world at war. This is not the first instance of war relief work on the part of the Quak- ers. In the Franco-Prussian war, a group of English Quakers participated in relief work all through the affected regions in France; similarly, the Quakers distributed food throughout the province of Samara—the scene of their present-day Russian activity—at the time of the famine of 1891. In the present instance, the English Friends were the first to reach the battlefields of France, and it was a committee of Friends who welcomed the Belgian refugees that poured into Folkstone, Kent, in August and September, 1914. Hearing of the success of the Brit- ish Friends, two delegates of the American sect were sent abroad in June, 1917, to confer and investigate. On the ship was Major Grayson, M. P. Murphy, A. R. C., and it was upon this occasion that the first liaison be- tween the two relief bodies was formed. One hundred workers, composed of carefully chosen men from the arts and professions—carpenters, farmers, civil engineers, mechanics, architects, doctors, social workers—were trained at Haverford, Pa. For purposes of cooperation, it was considered expe- dient to join “hands, hearts and purses” with the English Friends War Victims’ Relief Committee, which had already seen three years of service in France, and the Anglo-American Com- mittee of Friends was formed. The American unit became an integral part of the Red Cross organization, while the English remained affiliated with the French Red Cross. With these powerful national organizations be- hind them, it was a relatively easy matter for the two bodies to arrive at a happy cooperative platform. Their mutual plans embraced the building and erecting of demountable houses, agricultural reconstruction, medical work and nursing among the civilians, and general relief work among the affected civilians and refu- gees. The strong support shown these willing workers by the Govern- ment, and other agencies already in the field, made possible the develop- ment and realization of their broad program, and, as the needs of the war- stricken people increased, in just pro- portion was the effort made towards their relief. The headquarters of the Friends' Unit was at Sermaize (Marne), where they established a children's hospital. There was a maternity hospital at Chalons, a home for orphans at Bet- tancourt (Marne), and a sanatorium for tuberculotics at Samoens (Haute Savoie). Strictly speaking, their work was restricted to the civilians of the devastated areas, but during the great drives, particularly the German offensive of March, 1918, their am- bulances were close to the battle areas transporting the wounded from the line. Early in November, 1917, a second American unit was sent to France, º Sºğ under special assignment for the con- struction of hospitals, refitting of buildings, repairing of houses in the devastated areas, etc. Upon this oc- casion, the cost of uniforms and equipment, and the maintenance of the personnel until definite assignment was made, was borne by the Red Cross. Portions of the second unit were at- tached to the Red Cross Commissions in France, Belgium and Italy. The work of building and erecting the demountable houses, modeled after Red Cross specifications, went rapidly forward in the devastated regions. A saw mill and a planing mill were oper- ated at Ornans and at Dole, in the foothills of the Jura Mountains. Much of the lumber was supplied gratis by the French Government, and five hundred houses of this type soon dotted the valleys of the Marne and the Meuse. Unfortunately, the tide of war could not then be foreseen, and the tem- porary success of the German of- fensive along the Aisne and the Somme in March, 1918, swept away nearly all the work of the previous year in that region, while thousands of refugees once more flooded the in- terior. This undertaking, however, had had the full support of the mili- tary authorities, with the idea that it would be a good investment of labor and money, encouraging the produc- tion of food, returning the peasant farmer to his land and releasing the refugees from crowded quarters. But at that, in spite of the effort appar- ently wasted, the moral effect of the presence of ready relief in this re- gion greatly outweighed the disaster that followed. N | | FRIENDS.” HOSPITAL AT WARENNES, BUILT BY U. S. ENGINEERS T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN § | § N § § - & § § § §s A. R. C. CANTEEN CONDUCTED BY SOCIETY OF FRIENDS AT WARENNES Further, the unit assisted in the building of the tuberculosis dormi- tories at Malabry, and the children's hospital at Toul. They assisted with the repatries at Evian, worked in the offices, acted as orderlies in hospitals, helped at the Red Cross farm for mutiles at Chenonceaux (Indre-et- Loire); in short, overlooked no op- portunity where their help might be found efficacious. Ninety-five per cent were volunteers and there were four hundred English and American workers in France alone. As early as May, 1916, an English unit of Friends was in Russia, operat- ing in the Samara government. It was through this region—the Steppes, just north of the Caspian Sea—that 12,000,000 refugees surged during the war years, the days of the revolution and subsequent periods of civil dis- turbance. It was old stamping ground for the British Friends, 150,000 roubles having been spent in famine relief in the Samara region in 1891. Today, civilian relief in Russia calls for untold energy and resource and untiring labor in the face of adverse conditions, in the midst of national up- heaval, with transportation at a stand- still and the fields lying fallow. And after these fallow fields were prepared for seed, it was discovered that there was no seed to be had. Not only was seed lacking—seed for wheat and oats, seed potatoes—but there was no wheat and no flour for immediate needs. Sixteen tons of seed potatoes were finally secured, with other seed, after great difficulty and endless delay. But no sooner were the crops above ground than the suslik, a field rodent, preying on the crops, appeared. These the Friends exterminated effectively, to the great wonderment of the na- tives. Headquarters were at Buzu- luk, a town of 20,000 inhabitants, on the Samara River. American workers augmented this unit from time to time. American women have worked alone in remote Russian towns all through the winter, which on the Steppes is particularly severe; only men and wolves remain to face it, all other animal life going south. Thirty-six hundred pairs of felt boots, the only practical footwear for the cold season, and 19,000 gar- ments, made in England, were dis- tributed. In Holland, the work of the Friends consisted in aid given to prisoners re- patriated through that country. They cared for 10,000 Belgian refugees and were active among the Belgian chil- dren at Le Glandier, the school estab- lished by the Belgian queen. Throughout, the liaison with the Red Cross was effective and devoid of fric- tion. The cash donation of the Red Cross amounted to about $200,000, while the unit was granted the free use of Red Cross cable and shipping service and office room. Farm and planing mill machinery and several motor trucks were furnished by the Red Cross. Red Cross Exhibits at the Fairs Plans have been made for the hold- ing of Red Cross exhibits in connec- tion with the 1,200 state and county fairs throughout the United States this summer and fall. An illustrated Fair Manual, containing suggestions for the working up of exhibits, has just been issued, and is being sent to divisions for distribution to all chap- ters having fairs within their juris- diction. - The manual was prepared through the collaboration of the heads of de- partments and bureaus at National Red Cross Headquarters, each sug- gesting ways in which the work of his particular department or bureau could be visualized in an exhibit. The book also contains much information, in condensed form, of the work of the American Red Cross, which can be worked up effectively into panels or posters. The Home Service Department has suggested that a home service worker be at each exhibit to supply informa- tion to any soldiers or sailors making inquiry. Canteens will be operated in connection with many exhibits for the uniformed men, of whom there prob- ably will be a large number in attend- ance at each fair. First aid stations will be erected at many fairs to care for sunstroke and accident cases. A sample case of the food supplied American prisoners in Germany will form part of many exhibits. The manual contains suggestions covering every phase of Red Cross service. The women in charge of the exhibits will wear the uniform of the corps to which they are attached. It has been impossible to get the book to chapters in time to enable them to avail themselves of it in con- nection with fairs held this month. There are, however, but thirty-five fairs held in July, most of them tak- ing place in August, September and October, with a few in November. No material is being provided from National Headquarters for the exhib- its, except the manual. Some divi- sion headquarters are making special plans to provide chapters with exhibit material. The New England Division has prepared cases containing com- plete sets of samples of refugee gar- ments, articles for soldiers and sailors, and the various surgical dressings. These will be sent to all chapters in the division requesting them. The fairs, it is believed, will afford unusual opportunity of getting the Red Cross message to the people from the rural districts. The list of fairs, with places and dates, which has been made an addendum to the Fair Man- ual, shows the number of fairs by divi- sions as follows: - Atlantic, 90; Central, 310; Gulf, 24; Lake, 171; Mountain, 20; New Eng- land, 48; Northern, 133; Northwest- ern, 23; Pacific, 14; Potomac, 34; Pennsylvania, 58; Southern, 79; Southwestern, 159. 8 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN N. Y. BRANCH HEADQUARTERS There is a branch of the American Red Cross National Headquarters in the city of New York, and the pur- pose of this brief article is to inform those who have not visited it regard- ing its growth and importance. - º º º and held until called for. Stenog- raphic service, telegraph and telephone facilities, desk room, etc., are also al- ways at the disposal of visiting per- sonnel and officials. The Bureau of Foreign Personnel, under the direction of Miss Martha Draper, is divided into two sections— BUREAU OF PERSONNEL, MEN'S SECTION, NEW YORK BRANCH HEADQUARTERS The New York Branch of National Headquarters, located at 222 Fourth Avenue, was established in the spring of 1918 to meet the demand for a closer metropolitan contact with the Washington Headquarters activities. When the branch was opened, the bureaus represented in it were those of Purchases, Foreign Personnel and Insurance. At present it comprises a Bureau of Foreign Personnel, Bu- reau of Insurance, Bureau of Pub- licity, Bureau of Trade Journals and Publications, Bureau of Magazines, Bureau of Nurses' Equipment, Bu- reau of Purchases and the Committee on Permanent Exhibit. The whole is coordinated through an office manager, E. J. Scammell, and his force of as- sistants. Mr. Scammell's general office staff comprises, in addition, a public and Red Cross information desk, and the handling of the mails, telegraph and telephone service, and accommodation service for all Headquarters personnel visiting New York or passing through on Red Cross business. Anyone de- siring accommodations has only to telegraph or write to the manager, stating exactly what is wanted, and the accommodations will be reserved § - & § NSN INFORMATION DESK, NEW YORK BRANCH. A. R. C. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERs men's personnel and women's per- sonnel. Through this bureau all of the many thousands of Red Cross personnel have been sent overseas, and it now is taking care of and dis- charging the returning workers. Re- N § turning workers are met at the docks on their arrival from abroad by a rep- resentative of the bureau, their bag- gage cared for, accommodations in the city secured, all matters affecting per- sonal comfort attended to, and the speedy and safe completion of the journey home provided for with every consideration and care. - The Bureau of Insurance, repre- sented by William F. Plume, has in- sured every Red Cross overseas worker, and on their return it adjusts all claims and arranges all matters of detail in connection with the conver- sion of Red Cross policies into per- sonal policies. The Bureau of Nurses' Equipment, headed by Miss Johnson, has equipped and outfitted all Army and Red Cross nurses for overseas duty, as well as for duty at home. At present this bureau is reduced to the basis of a small mail order and general replace- ment service. Upon leaving Switzerland the Brit- ish Red Cross turned over the re- mainder of its sanitary supplies to the Swiss Red Cross. The American Sentinel, a weekly paper published by the American Red Cross in Archangel for the entertain- ment of the American soldiers, had a funny column. The Sentinel in a re- cent issue announced this decoration : “Order of Coldslaw, First Class This order entitles recipient to wear pendant about his neck a red cabbage, with dress uniforms, or one thin slice of red cabbage on his left breast with service uniforms.” 5 15 º 3 * The Red Cross Bulletin No. 31 Vol. III . WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY 28, 1919 GREATEST FOURTH SINCE 1776 ABYSS|N|ANS BRING GIFT Reports from Recreational Officers of Red Cross in 75 Government Hos- pitals Give Inspiring Accounts “I don't claim to be indelible,” said one of the buddies, at the end of a per- fect Fourth of July at Jefferson Bar- racks, “and it's possible for me to make a mistake, but I know that this yere's the best Fourth of July since 1776.” Following the field events and ac- tivities of the Red Cross on Memo- rial Day, it had been the object of those having the direction of recrea- tional activities of the Red Cross to supplement army and navy activities in every way possible to make the Fourth of July a real celebration day for every wounded and sick soldier, sailor or marine. The old slogan of “out of the grandstand and into the game” of the recreational officers, fur- nished the chief guiding principle. It is the belief of those directing recreational affairs that the first busi- ness of any scheme of recréation is to enable the men to carry on be t t e r those desirable rec- reational activities which they will carry on anyhow and at the same time reveal to the - men the possi- T bilities of their carrying on still better activities and i. for them selves the possibil- ity of their own participation. It was the purpose of the Red Cross, in striving for a real Fourth of July in every hospital, to supple- ment the activities of the military au- thorities. If, after a conference with THE START OF AN THE GREASED POLE AT IFT. McHENRY. AN INDIAN TRO OPER'S TURN EXCHTING WIHEEL-CHAIR the military authorities and all the welfare agencies in the hospital, it was desired that the Red Cross should take the lead, a Red Cross Recreation Offi- cer was ready to do it. If the Army (Continued on page 2) RACE FOR CONVALESCING: SOLDIERS AT U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL No. 1, N. Y., JULY 4 | Distinguished Representatives of An- cient Christian Kingdom. Give Red Cross $5,000, and Study Ideals The Abyssinian Mission, recently arrived in this country, brought to National Headquarters of the Amer- ican Red Cross two £500 notes on the Bank of England to be used in Red Cross work. This gift of approxi- mately $5,000 was delivered by Ded- jazmatch (Duke) Nado, Kantiba (Mayor) Garbrou, and Ato (Gentle- man) Herouy. Duke Nado said he was very much interested in the civilian relief work of the American Red Cross and that Red Cross work was dear to the hearts of the Emperor and Empress of his own country as being peculiarly in ac- cord with the teachings of the Christ. “In our country,” he said, “we par- ticularly look to- ward America as the great guardian of the finest ele- ments of civiliza- tion and we have C O m e to y o u r country to take |back with us a knowledge of America and of A meric a n s to stimulate and en- COL11 age Our OW11 people.” The mission was received by Wil- loughby Walling, vice - chairman of the Central Com- mittee, who, in ac- cepting the dona- tion, said the very desire of the delegation to visit the Red Cross and to recognize its work was a donation in the form of stimula- tion and encouragement to the Red Cross; that coming, as they did, from (Continued on page 7) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN (Continued from page 1) was taking the lead, the Red Cross was ready to furnish hearty cooperation. Red Cross was interested to see that every soldier, sailor and marine, in so far as his ability permitted, partici- pated in the activities on the Fourth, and that all welfare agencies, who came into the hospital through the Red Cross, should cooperate happily, heartily and efficiently toward this de- sirable end. At the same time, it was the desire of the Red Cross to enable all of the agencies outside of the hos- pital to cooperate effectively, so that they could render the greatest serv- ice to both patients, corps men, aides, nurses and officers. lowing the dancing there was a cham- pionship ball game between two hos- pital teams, while the Allied Welfare Organizations distributed crackerjack to the crowd. By 1 o'clock there were five thousand people on the hospital beach and an endless parade of wheel- chairs, corps men, patients and their friends. There were two solid hours of Olympic games. In these contests a great part of the fun was the kid- ding of the participants by the spec- tators, the kidding made effective by the deadly accuracy of personal acquaintance. - There was almost an endless variety of activities in every hospital. There were hopping races for one-legged men § NURSES AND WARD WORKERS COULDN'T ESCAPE THE RED CROSS RECREA- TIONAL OFFICER. HERE*S A CLOSE FINISH 50-YARD DASH AT. A NEW YORK HOSPITAL, JULY 4 The reports of the recreational men in every hospital, sent by the Divi- sion Recreation Officer to National Headquarters, indicate that this Fourth of July, in initiative, in acceptance of responsibility and in cooperation marks the highest point so far for the recrea- tional achievements of the Department of Military Relief. One officer at headquarters, after reading these re- ports showing the seemingly unend- ing variety of activities, exclaimed: “It just can't be so! There isn't that much initiative in the world !” At Fort Sheridan, Ill., the fusillade on the Fourth began with forty-eight shots of the cannon, fired at 8 o'clock as a signal for the big get-to- gether rally at the flag-pole, from the top of which fluttered the Stars and Stripes and the flag of the American Red Cross. Almost instantly more than 1,000 men were gathered together at the speakers’ stand, the band was play- ing, the day was magnificent, the boys were in a splendid humor and Judge Landis was addressing them as “com- rades.” There was just one speech and that right to the point. Fol- lowing this the band played fox-trots and one-steps and the crowd danced in . the street and on the sidewalks. Fol- . º Nº. | DRESSING CONTEST FOR ONE-ARMED that there never was such a day at Spartanburg, even when the canton- ment was going full blast. Real sportsmanship always makes for good morale. Men forget their own difficulties in a cooperative effort for the success of the day, the success of their group or even their own suc- cess in a particular contest. For ex- ample, while the field events at Spar- tanburg were in full progress outside the wards, the festivities likewise were in full swing in the wards themselves, with the Red Cross convalescent house as headquarters. The contest for a prize in ward decoration had taken such strong hold upon the patients and ward personnel that early in the morn- ing on the Fourth, decorations were complete and the wards awaited a tour of the judges. Under the supervision of the House Mother a committee of patients decorated the convalescent house in a style which vied with the pretties of the wards. The patients got into the activity themselves. When the decorations were finished and while the judges were making the rounds a party of girls came through with baskets of flowers and a party of singers, then a party with candies and finally a negro stringed orchestra toured all the wards with the jazziest of jazz music. The idea is to help the man get well by forgetting his troubles, getting outside of himself and participating in some group ac- MEN AT WALTER REED HOSPITAL, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—REAL MEDICINE FOR THESE OVERSEAS BOYS at Detroit, Mich, ; one-legged football games, decorated wheel-chair parades, crutch races, wheel-chair races, races for officers, races for aides, contests for nurses, in fact, no group of peo- ple in the hospital were neglected. There were mule races, relay races, tug-of-war races, shoe races, one- armed dressing contests, in fact, there were so many sporting events that the Spartanburg, S. C., newspapers say tivity, and that gives him personal en- joyment and increasing health. Good sportsmanship, too, makes for real democratic spirit. At Walter Reed Hospital, District of Columbia, Sur- geon General Ireland, with Major Monahan, Chief of the Educational Service at that hospital, as his passen- ger, almost won the wheelbarrow race. So far as the fine enthusiastic feel- (Continued on page 7) THE RE D C R O S S B U L LET IN SENT IN E L SUMS IT UP A. R. C. Publication at Archangel Reviews Variety of Relief Works Undertaken Under Difficulties In publishing The American Senti- nel (at Archangel, Russia), the Amer- ican Red Cross feels that it has car- ried out the will of its seventeen million members at home. The diffi- culties that have had to be met and overcome in order to have The Amer– ican Sentinel appear each week have called for grit and determination in the nth degree. In fact, the care of the American troops on this fighting front has been a task that has called for grilling hard work from every member of the at- tenuated personnel left in charge, but with the departure of the Yankee sol- diers there is left a consciousness of no effort having been spared to bring about their well-being. Letters from officers indi- cate appreciation of what has been done. The American Sentinel, the Amer- ican Red Cross hospital, the Red Cross hospital an- nex, the extra Sup- ply of food, fruits and medical com- forts to the con- valescent depot and | § - § § - hospitals, the fre- quent additions of milk, sugar, rolled oats and rice and milk to the ration of all the American troops, and the constant flow of cigarettes, smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, chocolate, candy, chewing gum, gramophones, violins, banjos, ukeleles, mandolins, guitars, concer- tinas, harmonicas, knives; shaving and laundry soap, socks, pipes, mufflers, razors, tooth and shaving brushes, handkerchiefs, medicines, face and bath towels, comfort bags, talcum powder, pyjamas, skates, cook- ing utensils, books, canned heat, wash rags, dates, raisins, honey, safety pins, needles, thread, bug powder, cigarette lighters; rugby, base, basket, hockey and foot balls; pencils, paper, envel- opes, ink, mucilege, paste, underwear, pillows, blankets, sweaters, shoe pol- ish, polishing rags, daubers, wristlets, mittens, films, print papers, develop- toilet, ing and hypo powders, shoestrings, housewives, matches, caps, oil paints, water colors, brushes, palettes, draw- ing papers, crayons, charcoal, wood- carving sets, playing cards, games, shotgun shells, slippers, helmets, gela- tine, combs, wigs, grease, paints, hockey sticks, and even stage scenery, have been some of the accomplish- ments of the American Red Cross at Archangel. - To get these things through the snow and ice, to make the best use of the restricted transport facilities, to treat the various companies alike regardless of their location and to get a renewal of supplies through the ice- choked seas has meant unending work and spirit, qualities that have been CONSERVING THE FAMILY MILK SUPPLY AT FLEVILLE, | PRECAUTION GOING HAND IN HAND WITH RECONSTRUCTION manifest in every member of the American Red Cross Unit. If, in addition to this modest tooting of our own horn . . . we are per- mitted to make public acknowledgment of our obligation to the American Medical Corps, and of the splendid whole-hearted cooperation we have re- ceived from the British Army and Naval Command in every particular, we will feel that this space has been put to good use.—From the American Sentinel. A Red Cross worker who lives on a nearby farm, supplies the wards of the hospital at Ft. McPherson, Ga., with free buttermilk daily. She is affectionately known to the patients as “The Buttermilk Girl.” - º ºr \º to the various field ARDENNES, THIS “THANK YOU” FOR GASTOR OIL Unusual Gratitude Is Displayed by Oriental Child —R. C. Clinic in Jerusalem Cares for 2,850 Babies Jerusalem (By Mail.)—Oriental children never forget to voice their gratitude for favors. One youngster, who knew his manners, was taken to an American dispensary at Jerusalem the other day; castor oil was pre- scribed. Instead of howling lustily, as many an American child would have done, he blubbered, in the gasps of swallowing the dose, “Thank you.” Such excellent results have been ob- tained among the children at Jerusa- lem through the feeding and medical attention which has been provided by the American Red Cross and other re- lief agencies, that the mothers are be- ginning to boast again, in the Orien- tal phrase, that babies are “fat as lambs with cheeks like pomegranates.” In the 10 months’ time, 2,850 babies were cared for in one Red Cross clinic. In connec- tion with this clinic, a hospital was oper- ated where young- sters could be cared for in sunny wards. The upper story of the former Rus- sian embassy was turned over to the Red Cross for this purpose and proved well fitted to its purpose after it had been painted and provided with modern plumbing. A wide balcony outside the wards looked off towards the Mount of Olives, and all the sick children were taken out to sun on bright days. In many cases the nurses found that bathing, clean clothes and care- ful feeding was all that was needed to round out emaciated little bodies. Many cases of scalp and skin disease were treated. The patients at the base hospital at Ft. Oglethorpe, Ga., are showing great interest in the preparation and care of the flower beds and flower boxes that the Red Cross has placed around the convalescent house and in the wards. THE RED cross E U L LET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN - PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CRoss BUILDING, was HINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington By subscriPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR - . National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow Wilson......... . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. De Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERick C. MUNRoE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager washingtoN, D.C., JULY.28, 1919 . New Spirit Appears Soldiers, sailors, and marines in some seventy-five hospitals and camps throughout the United States cele- brated the Fourth of July with a spirit that is consonant with the new age of international cooperation and peace that has just been ushered in. Reports have come trickling in to Na- tional Headquarters of the Red Cross from recreational officers all over the country, and the assembled lot tell a story of 100 per cent loyalty every- where to the ideal of the day. The zest and vigor and pure delight shown in the events of the national holiday, the “out of the grandstand and into the game” spirit displayed, not only reflect a feeling of release from the cares of war, but foreshadow the sportsmanly manner in which the tasks of peace are being assumed in America. - So significant of a deep sense of freedom and hearty good-will were the celebrations that Red Cross recrea- tional men call it “the greatest Fourth since 1776.” There was a new note everywhere—a spirit radiating from the men themselves that inspired those high in authority over them. The Recreational Bureau under the Red Cross Department of Military Relief saw to it that the festivities of “the greatest Fourth” permeated every part of camp and hospital. Out of doors, in convalescent houses, in the wards of the bed-ridden, and from kitchen to officers’ club, everybody got a big slice of unadulterated fun. And in testimony of his belief in this sort of medicine for the convalescing fight- ers, the Surgeon General of the Army participated in a wheelbarrow race, carrying a major as a passenger, and almost won a trophy at Walter Reed Hospital. At Fort Sheridan, an emi- nent federal judge, from Chicago, who participated in the Red Cross pro- gram, felt that he honored himself by addressing the doughboys as “com- rades.” . Are these not signs of a new spirit, portents of a new age? Abyssinia's Token From the heart of far-away Abys- sinia, where a form of Christianity was introduced in A. D. 330, the American Red Cross has received at the hands of a visiting Abyssinian delegation the equivalent of about five thousand dollars to be devoted to such humanitarian enterprises as the Red Cross in its discretion deems best. Coming from an isolated and re- mote people just as a peace-time work is being actually undertaken, this gift from Abyssinia has proved a hearten- ing evidence of faith in the Red Cross and its goal, a substantial proof that - the altruistic purposes of the official volunteer relief organization of the United States have impressed one of the most ancient of African kingdoms. In Abyssinia's friendly handshake and token at this time is a wealth of stimulation and encouragement for every Red Cross worker. The congested nineteenth arron- dissement of the city of Paris was the scene of special effort on the part of the American Red Cross during the years of the war. Today, with the Red Cross following the American sol- diers home, the work is still going on, under the direction of the association, Pour l'Enfance et la Famille par l’aide sociale, an organization created for the special purpose of carrying on the good work of the Red Cross in that particular section of the French capital. The French association is under the patronage of Mme. Raymond Poin- care, wife of the French president. Minnesota Tornado Relief Work Fergus Falls, a Minnesota city of 7,000 population, was swept by a tor- nado on June 23, causing fifty-five deaths, and injuries to ninety-five peo- ple. Forty-two business blocks, 159 dwellings, ten churches, the county court house, the jail and two bridges across the Red River of the North were totally destroyed. The manner in which the local Red Cross rose to the occasion, “to render aid during time of public calamity,” proved that the organization has not grown too completely absorbed in its war work to jump promptly into the field of local civilian relief. The Fergus Falls Chapter was aug- mented by a detachment of workers from Minneapolis, headquarters of the Northern Division, on the day follow- ing the disaster. With the injured placed in the local hospitals, the vital problem lay in taking care of the homeless. A room registry was im- mediately opened and a committee on . relief distribution formed, with ar- rangements effected for the handling of relief work by a Red Cross staff, to which local leaders lent their ready cooperation. Fortunately there was no food shortage and no confusion in the distribution of food. None of the grocery stores had been destroyed. With the Red Cross to rely upon, the citizens of Fergus Falls lost no time in taking hold of the situation and the work of rehabilitation went forward almost without perceptible pause. Forty-four nurses were assigned to work among the storm victims. The first came in from nearby towns and many came on their own initiative. Dr. Hagan, of Fergus Falls, who was appointed director of medical relief by the mayor, asked the Red Cross to assume all responsibility for the nurses on duty after the first day. Three doctors and a nurse were main- tained at the Red Cross Headquar- ters, giving medical attention and do- ing dressings. Two nurses did visiting service in the homes. - High praise is due to the ready co- operation on the part of the people of Fergus Falls and particularly to the attitude of the three hospital super- intendents of the city, who, from the first, appreciated the fact that the Red Cross could help them, not only in organizing the work and supplying nurses, but also from the financial side. Mention may also be made of the prompt work of the local Red Cross in connection with the floods at Marietta, Bellingham and Nassau, Minn., as a result of the same storm, and at Dupont, Minn., where the dam- age was estimated at $100,000. All relief was successfully handled by the local chapters. THE RE D C Ross B U L LET IN TRAILING OUR TROUBADOURS OF HEALTH Village, Middlesex, and Farm Is Being Visited by Red Cross Nurse Lecturers on Chautauqua Circuits. A Field That Beckons On BY CLARA. D. NOYES Acting Director, A. R. C. Department of Nursing Hot sunshine, the smell of popcorn and sawdust, a big white tent on the circus lot or in a village park—these mean Chautauqua Week has come. In many small towns all over the United States the Chautauqua is one of the biggest and most popular events of the summer. Although it has developed into a commercial enter- prise, it has as its ideal the entertain- ment and the education of the com- munity. It is organized and sponsored ‘by the most influential people of the locality and its program is made up of many different features, each one in- tended to attract different elements of the town population. So-called “Chautauqua talent” con- sists of professional entertainers, traveling stock companies, etc. These cater to the amusement-loving faction and do much to popularize the Chau- tauqua movement, as well as to raise | the box-office receipts. There are also i. many public health organizations of educators, famous clergymen, states- men, and even grand opera stars, whose lectures on broad cultural sub- jects and whose brilliant musical pro- grams appeal to the more thoughtful element of the community. Under this latter category come the American Red Cross nurses now on the Chau- tauquas. - - - The lectures which are now being delivered by the twenty-five Red Cross nurses assigned to the Chau- tauqua platforms all over the United States aim to do four things: To pre- sent by way of introduction the nurse's own experiences, and to suggest ways in which the community may cooper- ate in furthering the Red Cross peace program of public health, to interest the young in nursing as a profession and to stimulate enrollment and in- terest. This is a general educational message intended to appeal to every type in the audience. Stories of the evacuation stations behind the lines at Soissons, pathetic details of the Ar- gonne and Meuse offensives, when told by the nurses who themselves lived through the tremendous air-raids, are almost universal in their appeal. In- cidents of how the American dough- boy enjoyed the comforts sent him by the Red Cross carry great conviction when told by a nurse who was “in the thick of it,” and also makes an audience very receptive and sympa- thetic toward the future work of the American Red Cross. THIRD SEASON FOR TROUBADOURS This is the third season in which the Department of Nursing has used the Chautauqua medium to express its Health Education Program. In 1918 six nurses were assigned to a Chau- tauqua operating circuit lasting from three to nine months each in all parts of the country. The present under- taking is much more ambitious and is in the nature of a broad educational experiment rather than a general Red Cross speaking campaign to launch special features of the peace program. Its main object is to popularize the elementary principles of proper nutri- tion, sanitation and home nursing, and also to show the great advantages which may be derived from the serv- ices of the community nurse. And because the Chautauquas are made up largely of small towns and rural com- munities, a field almost untouched by this country, the Department of Nurs- ing considers itself particularly for- tunate in securing their cooperation. The Chautauqua managements pay the Red Cross salaries, maintenance and traveling expenses of the nurses. They also provide the tents in which these lectures are given; work out the itineraries and attend to the endless field organization and the clerical work necessary in such a campaign. Na- tional Headquarters bears only the expenses of such additional publicity as the Red Cross wishes to extend the nurses, while the Red Cross divisions and chapters have been asked to dis- tribute the pamphlets and to cooper- ate with each nurse when she appears in their town. INSPIRED BY RICKETY CHILDREN The twenty-five nurses now seat- tered in almost every Red Cross divi- sion represent a very carefully selected group of speakers. They were first chosen because of their knowledge of public health and their war records overseas. As they are lecturing in competition with some of the best pro- fessional entertainers in the United States, they must have speaking abil- ity. This does not mean necessarily a “silver tongue.” “I used to come wabbling out on the stage so scared I’d hang onto the tent poles,” wrote a Red Cross nurse. “Then I looked around my audience— those pale, sickly babies and tired mothers, those undernourished chil- dren, many of whom have the rickets; those hard-working mountain farmer fathers, and I would forget everything else in the world, my stage fright, that breathlessly hot tent, the hotel where my bed gets up and walks, and all I would remember was that I’m a Red Cross troubadour of health, bringing them a message which means their future freedom and happiness.” When this campaign was first out- lined it seemed impossible, from Na- tional Headquarters, to link up the Chautauqua with the local Red Cross chapters, except through the division offices. It was also not feasible to decentralize the work entirely, since one nurse may speak in seven or eight states in the course of a three months’ tour. Accordingly, itineraries were Secured from the Chautauqua manage- ment and distributed through the divi- sion offices. These routings were thought to be final, but in cases where towns have later decided to have the Chautauqua, these routings have been subject to a few days’ variations, which can be remedied by local knowl- edge of the Chautauqua program. Each nurse on the Chautauqua plat- form aims to give general educational health lecture and to follow it by con- ferences and interviews regarding local conditions. Organization work is left to the Division Director of Nursing. NEED OF MISSIONARY WORK Some of the conditions discovered in various parts of the United States show tremendous need of such a cam- paign. “I got caught in a little town last night,” writes a Chautauqua speaker, “where my experienced eye told me at one glance that here was a hotel where I would do little sleeping. I told the manager, how- ever, that I simply must have clean sheets, insisting that the others had been slept on.” “‘Sure,” he replied, “but the trav- eling men in that room last night were such nice, clean men those sheets ain’t noways dirty!” “At we found deplorable conditions. It is a town that could support two newspapers, large de- partment and drug stores and many lovely homes, yet it has outside toilets that drain into an open gutter, which in rainy weather carries refuse through unpaved streets. Pigpens are in the heart of the town. They drink water from cisterns. Cooking and wash water is hauled from the river at 25 cents a barrel. I never dreamed of people in these United States of ours living with so little knowledge of health and of decent or comfortable living. They fairly eat dirt—and God knows they drink it!” TEI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E TI N F00D FOR THOUGHT AND MORE New Cure for “Playing Hookey” Is Provided by Red Cross in Jugo- Slovakian Schools—Rations Belgrade, Serbia (By Mail).- “Playing hookey” would lose much of its attraction in American schools if hungry boys and girls knew that when noon-day recess came, hot cocoa, rolls and other food would be served right in the school building. In Jugo-Slovakia, where food is scarce and expensive, thousands of children actually go to school because there alone they may obtain satisfying food. Children of this far-off land are much like American boys and girls — there are would rather do than attend school – a n d doubtless there were many of them who saw a bright side to the situation when food became so scarce, several months ago, that the schools had to close. Their child minds saw only a long-hoped- for relief from tedious application to reading, writ- ing and arithmetic. They had no un- derstanding of what it meant to come face to face with starvation. But the weeks passed, and the lim- ited stores of food- stuffs that had es- caped the pillaging hands of the enemy gradually became exhausted, even school, with its irksome routine of studies and recitations, would have been “endured” if only food might be had. This was the situation when the American relief workers, representa- tives of the American Red Cross and the American Relief Administration, arrived in Jugo-Slovakia and began pushing their child welfare work far- ther and farther into the remote dis- tricts. Grown people can withstand privations more readily than grow- ing children, so it was the children who received first consideration in the work of relief. Kitchens were established in the school buildings, Teachers were PERHAPS THE SYMBOLS ON THIS SIGN ARE ENOUGH TO CONVEY THE MEANING OF THE WORDS. SOME OF THE RUMANIAN WOMEN WALK MILES TO GET A RED CROSS RATION OF SOUP brought back to their posts. An- nouncement was made that school would be resumed and that the Amer- ican Red Cross would serve daily hot meals consisting of cocoa, milk, sugar and rolls. To the children, who had been reduced to an insufficient diet of black, unsweetened coffee, a crust of bread or merely a bowl of tasteless soup, this announcement was indeed welcome. They flocked back to their school-room and now, in more than fifty towns of Herzegovina and Bos- nia, where this relief plan has been put into operation, all but a relatively small percentage of the child popula- tion under 14 years of age is again listed on the school rolls. This paragraph from an official re- ſº SUNT ºft & port is an indication of how attendance figures have been increased in these schools: “Several teachers state that chil- dren who have not attended school for months have been brought back by their comrades’ enthusiastic reports of the rations in the school. Certainly both the children and their parents have shown the heartiest apprecia- tion of the work of the American mission. “These children are comparatively happy, but they often wonder, their teachers say, how much happier and contented must be the children in America, the land which has done so much to better their own condition.” many things they º- & § § § THESE NEWER TASTED MILK Undernourished Little Ones in Bo- hemia, Moravia, and Silesia, Re- ceiving Human Food Now Prague, Bohemia (Correspondence by Mail).-Political and economic troubles are not the only obstacles that face the new republic of Czecho-Slo- vakia in attempting to build up a democracy fashioned after that of the United States. One of its most serious problems is an alarming mortality rate, especially among its mothers and chil- dren. The situation in this respect is summed up in a report just issued by the American Red Cross, which is organizing relief work and distribut- ing American sup- plies for children. The figures, as made public by the Red Cross, show that in three prov- inces, Bohemia, Moravia and Si- lesia, the deaths in 1917 exceeded the births by 61,642. The statistics for 1918, although not yet completed, will show even a larger mortality. These figures are espe- cially vital when c O m p a red with those of 1914, the first year of the war. In that year there were 85,000 more births than ×3 deaths. - - “This whole con- dition,” says the report, “is due to the undernourish- ment of mothers and children. In its investigations, the American Red Cross found that many children had never tasted milk— not even mother’s milk, as the women were too weak to nurse their babies. Seven-year-old children have the phy- sical proportions of five, and ten-year- olds have the growth of a normal seven-year-old. One-third of the school children never have any break- fast and another third are absent be- cause they are too weak physically to attend.” The Red Cross has organized a sys- tem of soup kitchens and food distri- buting agencies throughout the coun- try, through which it hopes to save the lives of thousands of mothers and children. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 | à º * | | * RED CROSS CHARGES IN RUMANIA (Continued from page 1) one of the earliest Christian civiliza- tions, well known through the Scrip- tures, their presence was particularly gratifying. He thanked the members of the mission on behalf of all members of the Red Cross for their offering and expressed the hope that through the Red Cross in Abyssinia the two relief organizations might become fel- low-workers. - The mission was later taken to Wal- ter Reed Hospital, where the hospital and the work of the Red Cross in connection with it were inspected. Convalescent houses for colored soldiers at base hospitals are in charge of colored women, excellently qualified for the work. The colored branch of the Order of the Eastern Star at Co- lumbia, S. C., is furnishing excellent personnel for the work in Camp Jack- son and Camp McPherson. The wo- men visit the wards daily, bringing fruit, candy and cigarettes and other comforts for the colored patients. AMERICANIZATION ON THE SIDE Red Cross, Through Field Agencies, Cooperates With War Depart- ment in Naturalizing Aliens Naturalization of alien soldiers in the United States Army is to be facili- tated as much as possible by all Red Cross Division Directors, Field Direc- tors, and Associates having charge of Home Service under the Department of Military Relief. The Bureau of Camp Service of that department has issued the following information cir- cular: We are quoting below War Depart- ment Circular No. 338, which empha- sizes the importance of the naturali- zation of all alien soldiers before they are discharged. We are sure that the Red Cross Home Service representa- tives in the camps and hospitals are alive to the importance of this work and will do everything possible to see that alien soldiers take up the mat- ter of naturalization before leaving. “It has been brought to the attention of the War Department that many alien soldiers who are candidates for naturalization are not being afforded an opportunity of securing their nat- uralization certificates prior to dis- charge, as provided in General Orders No. 146, War Department, 1918. In many instances, these soldiers are be- ing advised that to be naturalized in the service means considerable delay in being discharged; that naturaliza- tion can be accomplished much more easily after they have been discharged, when all that is necessary to obtain immediate naturalization is to present their honorable discharge certificate to the proper naturalization officer. “Such information is erroneous. The naturalization of a discharged soldier means the payment of a fee of $4 and the necessity of securing a certificate of arrival, when such ar- rival occurred after June 29, 1906, as well as the delay involved in secur- ing a hearing on their petitions for naturalization. “Department, post, camp and sta- tion commanders will immediately take such steps as may be necessary to insure that the officers of their com- mands are familiar with the provisions of General Orders No. 146, War De- partment, 1918, and that alien soldiers, who are candidates for naturalization, are afforded an opportunity of secur- ing their naturalization certificates be- fore discharge.” % = | VETERAN RUMANIAN FLAG BEARER. The Red Cross and the Jewish Wel- fare Board have arranged a series of chess and checker tournaments among the base hospital patients at Hospital No. 42, Spartansburg, S. C. W. F. Maxwell has been appointed Associate Director of the Bureau of Camp Service in charge of Home Service Work in the Camps and Naval Stations. Mr. Maxwell succeeds A. J. Strawson, who has recently resigned to reenter tuberculosis work. (Continued from page 2) ing goes, this was a real old-fashioned Fourth of July, but with this notice- able difference—there was a great deal less lengthy oratory and a great deal more activity. Walter Reed and many other hospitals had a decorated wheel- chair review. Fort Des Moines, Iowa, had a jazz parade, headed by the band and made up of about twenty-seven floats and units in take-offs on various individuals, organizations and events of the Fort. The personnel of the parade was composed almost entirely TEI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN of patients, and the various floats and other paraphernalia used were drawn entirely from the resources of the post. In fact, at this hospital, beginning with the presentation of two Distinguished Service Crosses and one Croix de Guerre, until the last dance at night was finished, it was estimated that at least 90 per cent of the patients and hospital personnel remained on the post for the celebration in preference to going to the city or elsewhere for the day. Tic active entertainment, however, was not all athletics or parades or wheel-chair reviews or dancing. In practically every Red Cross convales- cent house or on special platforms built for out-of-door activities—in some cases, as at Camp Dodge, Iowa, for example, built by the Red Cross men themselves—there were vaudeville en- tertainments, moving pictures, boxing contests, battles royal, band concerts or, as in the case at Camp Jackson, S. C., a farce given by the nurses, depicting the wedding of one of the officers of the hospital. In any account of this Fourth of July, the dinners, picnic and otherwise should not be neglected. At Oteen, N. C., there was a picnic supper, be- ginning with five chickens a la Dixie; barbecued beef, North Carolina style; three hundred dozen biscuits, ice-cream, lemonade, § hundred fried der provided by the hospital mess offi- cer.” No mess was served at the hos- pital except in the wards. For a solid hour the big crowd passed by the tables and out into the shady grove, loaded down with fried chicken, roast beef, cold tongue, cold ham, boiled eggs, sandwiched eggs, deviled eggs, eggs in all manner of picnic styles, N ~ § º N No Fourth of July could be quite perfect for American soldiers if Amer- ican women were not a part of it. Not only the women of the Red Cross and of Allied Welfare Organizations, but the organization was such that the women of the community cooperated in all the usual ways, and in a great many happy and unusual activities. § º - N WHEEL-CHAIR “FLOATS” IN FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION ARRANGED BY A. R. C. AT WALTER REED HOSPITAL, DISTRICT OF Con, UMBIA §§ SPIRITED CRUTCH RACE FOR CONVALESCING SOLDIERS AT GENERAL, HOSPITAL NO. 1, NEW YORK, AN INCIDENT OF “THE GREATEST FOURTH” At Spartansburg, long tables had been arranged in large circles by the General Mess Personnel in the pine grove adjoining the athletic field. The Red Cross officials report that “on these tables the ladies of Spartan- burg, S. C., had placed the contents of one hundred prodigious hampers over- flowing with Fourth of July proven- watermelon, cantaloupe, fruits unlim- ited; pies of variety and number, an- gel-food cake, devil-food cake, one, two and three-layer cakes, black cakes, brown, tan and yellow cakes, square cakes, and cakes of five dimensions; sandwiches as the sands of the Sahara for number and as manna for delight. Thus the organization of one hundred and fifty girls at Walter Reed Hos- pital made it possible for each group of men at mess to be served by one of the girls. The Girls’ Patriotic Band of one hundred pieces gave a concert at U. S. Army Hospital 36 at Detroit, Mich. At Camp Dodge, Iowa, three hundred girls from the G. V. A. Or- ganization helped make the big picnic a success. Without the participation of the nurses and aides in the various contests the recreation program would have been far less successful. It is impossible in one short article to indicate the various activities of the Department of Military Relief in mak- ing this the greatest Fourth of July in the last one hundred and forty- three years, but after reading all the reports from all the hospitals in the various Red Cross divisions, one has the feeling that one so often has in doing Red Cross work—that there has been 100 per cent Red Cross loyalty; that there has been almost 100 per cent efficiency, that the men and wo- then have given themselves unreserv- edly to the work; that they believe with all their hearts and minds that the work was worth while, and that in performing it they were finding the greatest happiness in the world, a hap- piness that comes to those who serve. STS - ºr A. A- º º º ^ O The Red Gross Bulletin brau-º Vol. III washington, D. C., August 4, 1919 No. 32 HARK YE, MILITARY RELIEF MEN Demobilization Isn't Over, and There's Important Home Service Work to Do Early and Late While there are still some 800,000 men in service, the need for alertness on the part of military relief work- ers of the Red Cross in camps is obvious. On this point a stirring circular has just been issued by the Bureau of Camp Service, which says in part: “Everyone coming in contact with overseas men has been im- pressed with their reports of Red Cross service on the other side. Again and again we all have heard of the magnificent way in which emergencies have been met and the spirit of Red Cross helpfulness exemplified, until we realize that in the minds of the overseas man nothing is impossible to the Red Cross. “Here at home this reputation has been the greatest incentive to the Red Cross workers, and it has been. continue to justify that re. Only one thing threatens failure and that is the tendency on the part of the Red Cross Military Relief workers to consider the job done, or so nearly over that an effort to correct mistakes and improve methods is now too late. “A recent survey of demobili- zation indicates, perhaps more than anything else, the need for a helpful and efficient Red Cross service among the men who are coming home if they are to re- enter civil life with a rational attitude toward their duty as citizens and the government in general. In fact, it is possible that nothing will more affect the prevalent spirit of rest- lessness than the efficiency of Red Cross work among these men. “If we meet them with a forceful, enthusiastic desire to straighten out º SERBIA, KANS, their difficulties, tackling their prob- lems with an assurance that the Red Cross reputation for getting things done can still be realized we are sure to leave in their minds an impression that the true spirit of the American people is represented by this agency of helpfulness and that their griev- ances and complaints, however just they may be, are not so vital after all. % % COOLING RETREAT IN THE HEART OF PRIZEREND, A RED CROSS CENTER IN THE BAL- “Our job is not over. The Depart- ment of Military Relief has not been demobilized. In fact, there is little doubt that some of our most difficult work is yet to be done. We are pledged to the people of the country (Continued on page 8) % SHUTTLEBOARD OF OLD WORLD Migration of Peoples Across Poland Is On Scale More Vast Than History Recalls Warsaw, Poland.—This new Re- public, fighting for its life against armed enemies without, and epidemics within, faces the problem during the next few months of repatriating 1,000,000 of its own prisoners of war and of passing along through the country another mil- lion Russian and German prison- ers on their way home. With more than 100,000 cases of typhus among its present pop- ulation to take care of, Poland must act as a shuttleboard over which 1,000,000 diseased, ema- ciated and crippled foreign vic- tims of the war will pass and repass into their own countries. In addition, it must provide for the absorption of an equal num- ber of its own people, involun- tarily transplanted to other coun- tries by the fortunes of the conflict. From Riº "are 300,- 000 PC & King at the east- ern gates of their regenerated motherland, while from Ger- many come 700,000 more na- tives of the new Republic, pris- oners of war and laborers driven off to toil for the Germans dur- ing their occupation of the coun- try. Undernourished and often- times diseased, the arrival of these vast hordes in Poland threatens to swamp the meagre resources of the country. Never before in the world’s history has any country seen the migration of peoples on such a vast scale as will occur in Poland. It will take the repatriates of Russia and Germany five days to cross Poland, and this means that the new nation must provide 5,000,000 days’ feeding. In addition to the tons of food (Continued on page 8) | % % T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN KOPECS, DOGS AND POETRY A Moon that Rises Backwards; Cows that Are Thawed Before Milked, Make Archangel Life Varied American soldiers who have just returned from six months’ service in Northern Russia have brought back enough interesting impressions from Archangel and the surrounding coun- try to regale their friends with for many a long day. An idea of what our fighting men, mostly from Mich- igan and Wisconsin, thought of Arch- angel, its girls, its customs and things in general at the top of the world is found in The American Sentinel, the newspaper published “up there” by the American Red Cross for their enter- tainment. Copies of The Sen- timel show that the Arctic weather was not severe enough to freeze the humor out of the soldiers or clog their rhyming appara- tus. The following de- scription of Archangel, pronounced by the edi- tor of The Sentinel as “the best pen picture of the place written by an American soldier,” proves that one of Un- cle Sam's boys did not permit the job to get on his nerves: LOST MOON COMES BACK “We are so far north that the doggone sun works only when it feels inclined to do so, and in that way, it is like everything else in Russia. The moon isn’t so particular, and comes up, usually backwards, at any time of day or night, in any part of the sky, it having no set schedule, and often it will get lost and still be on the job at noon. Yes, we are so far north that 30 degrees below will soon be tropical weather for us, and they will have to build fires around both cows before they can milk them. Probably about next month someone will come around and say that we will be pull- ing out of here in a day or so, but then the days will be six months long. “Now, up here in this tough town there are 269,831 inhabitants, of which 61,329 are human beings and 208,502 are dogs. Dogs of every description, from the poodle to the St. Bernard, and from the wolfhound to the half- breed daschund. “The wind whistles across the Dvina like the Twentieth Century Limited passing Podunk, and snow flakes are as numerous as retreating Germans were in France. “We read in The Stars and Stripes that the boys in Italy had some tongue- twisters and brain-worriers, but listen to this. Centimes and sous and francs may be hard to count, but did you ever hear of a rouble or a kopec; A kopec is worth a tenth of a cent and there are a hundred of them in a rouble. As you will see, that makes a rouble worth a dime, and to make matters worse all the money is paper, coins having gone out of circulation since the beginning of the mix-up. A kopec is the size of a postage stamp, * , - HERE IS A GLIMPSE OF A MARKET STREET IN AGRAM, WHICH HOPES TO BE THE CAPITAL OF THE NEW JUGO-SLAV REPUBLIC. AGRAMI’s STREETS ARE WIDE AND THE BUILDINGS FAIRLY MODERN. a rouble looks like a United Cigar Store Certificate, a 25-rouble note re- sembles a porous plaster, and a 100- rouble note, the Declaration of Inde- pendence. DRAMWAYS ARE JAMWAYS “Every time you get on a street car (Dramway) you have to count out 60 kopecs for your fare and most of us would rather walk than be jammed in the two-by-four busses and fish for the money. Before boarding a car, each passenger usually hunts up a couple of five-gallon milk cans, a market basket or two, and a bag of smoked herring, so that they will get their kopecs’ worth out of the ride, besides making the atmosphere nice - and pleasant for the rest of the pas- SengerS. “When a soldier in search of a meal enters a restaurant, he says to the waitress, “Barishnia, zakazeetie bif- stek, pazalouista,” which means, “An order of beefsteak, lady, please.” You see you always say “barishnia,” which really means “girl,” and until a young lady is married she is always addressed in that manner. She will answer the hungry customer with, “Yah ochen sojalayu shtoo nas niet yestnik prepasov siechas” (a simple home-cure for lockjaw), meaning, “I am sorry, but we are right out of food today.” “When a Russian meets another man he knows on the street, both lift their hats and flirt with each other. If they stop to talk, they always shake hands, even if they haven’t seen each other for fully twenty min- utes. Then they sim- ply must shake hands again when they leave. When a man meets a lady friend, he usually kisses her hand and shows how far he can bend over without breaking his suspen- ders. KAK VUI POZA- VAYETIE “Ah,” he will say, “Yah ochen rad was veedet, kak vui poza- vayetie P’ which, in the United States, means, “How do you do?” To which she will reply, “Blagadaru was, yah Ochen khoroshaw,” or “Very well, thank you.” It is the knock- out. A fellow has to shake hands so much that some of us are get- ting the habit around the company.” Russian girls prompted the follow- ing tribute from one of the American boys: § I wonder, little sister, as I see you pass me by, With your coarse, ill-fitting garments, And your huge, ungainly feet, If a lot of things aren’t true of you, The which your looks belie. If some very minor changes Wouldn’t make you mighty neat. I know a lot of damsels with twice the chance you’ve had, Who are twice as prone to grumble as you ever seem to be, Who are twice as quick to anger, and every bit as bad, (Continued on page 6) THE RE D C Ross B U L LET IN 3 EDUCATIONAL THRIFT CAMPAIGN Cooperation With Government To Make People Sane Savers and Wise Spenders Is Urged By CHARLOTTE B. ELDRIDGE The Federal Government, through the Treasury Department, is seeking in the 1919 War Savings Campaign to provote permanent habits of thrift and to lay well the foundations of a peace by prosperity. It proposes to convert the American people into a nation of sane savers and wise spend- ers, and intelligent investors. The means that will be used is a thorough- going educational campaign, teaching the value of saving systematically and of investing in safe securities, the safest of which is War Savings Stamps offered by the Government it- self. The Education- al Thrift Campaign, therefore, is distinct- ly a forward-looking movement. This drive has a much broader ob- ject than merely to sell stamps. If thrift is to have a great influence in making America mighty and invincible, we must teach the peo- ple how to improve their financial condi- tion. To those who have interpreted this movement in its broad application it is not merely to sell Thrift stamps, but to—stamp thrift—if we may turn the phrase—as a per- manent habit on the lives of the people: The Educational Thrift Campaign is one of the good things that has come out of the war. When America entered the war there were something like 30,000 people in this country who owned government securities; today there are 30,000,000, and when one can open an account with his Government for 25 cents, it is possible for a hundred million Americans to hold some government security. Saving money for the mere sake of having money is not the most important thing in life or most to be desired, yet the solution of all the other great problems of life depends as much upon ability to manage one’s financial resources intelligently as upon any other one thing. Until one has removed his financial shackles and has a little money to the good, one cannot rise to the full advantage of a citizen. He lacks confidence to ac- cept responsibility. He lacks courage to plan for the future. He lacks means to take advantage of oppor- tunity. It is not the object of the Thrift and Savings Movement to encourage people to sacrifice, but to encourage people to save; not to discourage spending, but to encourage wise spend- ing, not to restrict the pleasures of life but to enlarge the people's inde- pendence. The Red Cross organization has been known all over the world for its cooperation and in setting an example to every individual in patriotism and universal good. It is our hope that the Red Cross will also set the ex- ample in this Educational Thrift Cam- paign by having 100 per cent mem- bership. This does not necessarily mean the highest expenditure of money, but the cooperation of work- ers of the Red Cross organization in the Educational Thrift Campaign. This campaign is not the Treasury Department's campaign, but the peo- ple's—a campaign conducted under the auspices and at the expense of the Treasury, but in the interest and for the permanent benefit of the American people. The National Headquarters Force of the American Red Cross has been urged by Mr. F. C. Munroe, general manager, to participate heartily in the Government's Thrift Campaign, and an ample supply of Thrift and War Savings Stamps has been placed on sale at the Information Desk. HANDLING DOUGHBOYS’ “DOUGH" Red Cross and American Bankers’ Association Aid War Department Banking at Demobilization In cooperation with the American Bankers’ Association and the War De- partment, the American Red Cross is operating banks at the demobiliza- tion camps in this country where men can make deposits to the banks in their home towns or wherever desired. Reports received at Red Cross Headquarters covering operations to July 4, showed a total of money de- posited at these banks of $1,132,077. Of the 131,681 men demobilized in camps having these banking agencies, 11,262 made deposits, an average of $100.52. A teller is generally supplied by some bank or clearing house in the vicinity of the camp, the Red Cross lending clerical assistance or financial aid where nec- essary, and conducting a campaign of informa- tion and education. Duplicate deposit slips are made with the de- posit, and the depositor on his arrival at home can present his deposit slip to the home bank and Open an account or obtain the cash, if an account has not pre- viously been started. This banking service maintains at fourteen of the fifteen demobili- zation camps now in operation and prior to HUNDREDS OF REFUGEES, MADE HOMELESS BY WAR AND FIRE, FLED the abandonment of TO THE INTERIOR OF THIS TURKISH MOSQUE IN SALONICA, GREECE, AND WERE GIVEN RATIONS THERE BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS. six camps there were nineteen such banking agencies. Switzerland is said to make the best provision in the world for the care of her tubercular soldiers, both in the matter of curative treatment and care of dependents, as well as providing a special insurance paid to surviving families of soldiers who succumb to the disease. Since, in Switzerland, every able man is a soldier, this cov- ers nearly the entire male population of the country. Recognizing the turning point the great war has marked in Red Cross activity, the Danish society has pub- lished an exhaustive discussion cov- ering—“The Red Cross Before and After the Great War.” 4 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington EY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR * * * * * * * * * * * * * *** National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . ... º ºs & G & & © tº $ tº º Secretary LIVINGSTON FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLOUGH BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., AUGUST 4, 1919 Get the Story to the Men Too many men are getting out of fighting togs without being made to realize that their Government and, in- cidentally, the Red Cross are sincere friends, ready and anxious to give them several kinds of practical help. One man slipping into the current of civil life and being carried swiftly away from contact sources is too many. - Not even in the most strenuous days of the world war was the work of the Red Cross home service sec- tions, military and civilian, so im- portant as it is today, when Uncle Sam's crusaders are being demobilized as fast as they can be brought home and are scattering over the length and breadth of the country, promptly losing themselves in “civies.” There are numerous evidences of indifference on the part of the dis- charged men to formal literature on subjects of such vital importance to them as vocational training with pay, this for the wounded and disabled; retaining government insurance; the readiness of the United States Public Health Service to care for them abso- lutely without cost in after life, should any illness or incapacity develop as a result of war service; allotment problems, correctness of pay, and so on. These emoluments of service have to be presented in a human way, in heart-to-heart fashion—have to be “sold” to the men, as social workers use the term. - Restlessness and dissatisfaction growing out of any unpleasant ex- periences, which here and there per- haps were unavoidable, can only be removed and contentment fully re- stored by the humanizing touch of the Red Cross man, the morale builder. And because of this, and because of some lack of appreciation in the field of the importance of this morale and good citizenship building now, an ad- monition to Red Cross workers in camp and in home town is warranted. Get the story to the men Some of the hardest fighters are coming home last. Give them every- where an even heartier welcome than the first returning Yanks received, for they have had more to endure, and see that they resume their several peace-time paths sturdier and more ra- tional and more enthusiastic citizens of America than they were before they walked through the white-hot furnace of the great war. Behold Poland With 50 per cent mortality among her babies, with an astonishing num- ber of little ones born blind as a re- sult of some war reaction, with a tre- mendous influx of sick and haggard repatries from surrounding countries, with a million Russian prisoners to return home from Germany across her territory, with more than 100,000 typhus cases now being treated within her borders, with the entire country- side blasted and scarred by engines of war, and with border contests still raging, Poland, republic, home of a people whose love of liberty and democracy has survived, like a spirit, the adversity of ages, is struggling be- fore the world today to stand erect. “The Polish people look upon the American Red Cross as their salva- tion,” says a letter to the Red Cross º Commission in Poland from a distin- guished Polish officer. “It holds in its hands the destinies of nations. The world war has been fought in vain if there is no early restoration of nor- mal physical and moral conditions in the new republic of Poland. Poland is the keystone of the world’s per- manent peace.” Medal for Miss Noyes “For service of high and inestimable value to her country and its wounded,” Miss Clara D. Noyes, Acting Director of the Department of Nursing, Amer- ican Red Cross, was decorated re- cently with the Patriotic Service Medal of the American Social Science Association, and the Council of the National Institute of Social Sciences. As head of the Red Cross Field Nursing Service, Miss Noyes had complete charge of the assignment of Red Cross nurses to war service. Twenty thousand nurses have an- swered the call for military duty with the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, the Federal Public Health Service, and the Red Cross overseas. Over ten thousand of these nurses have been attached to the American Expedition- ary Forces. Miss Noyes, whose home was formerly in Lyme, Connecticut, came to the Red Cross in 1916 as director of the Bureau of Nursing. A grad- uate of the Johns Hopkins Training School for Nurses, she was for some time Superintendent of St. Luke's Hospital and Training School, New Bedford, Mass., and later General Superintendent of Bellevue and Al- lied Hospitals Training Schools, New York City. Miss Noyes has always taken great interest in the training of student nurses, and from 1913 to 1916 was President of the National League of Nursing Education and from 1913 to 1919 President of the Board of Di- rectors of the American Journal of Nursing. She is now President of the American Nurses’ Association. Three Red Cross Men Decorated Three American Red Cross work- ers have been decorated with the Order of St. Sava by the Serbian Government for humanitarian service in behalf of its people, according to word reaching National Headquarters today. Those receiving the decora- tion are Lieut. Col. Thomas W. Far- nam, of New Haven, Conn., Red Cross Commissioner to Serbia; Ma- jor G. H. Edwards, of Orlando, Fla., and Capt. Emil Armand, of Camp Rogers, Calif., respectively, Director of Civilian Relief and Director of Supplies. In recognition of its services in the war, the Portuguese Red Cross has been decorated by the Portuguese government with the “Order of the Tower and Sword, for Valor, Loyalty and Merit.” - T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 MERCY IN TARTAR STRONGHOLD School in Historic Ural Village Is Transformed by Red Cross Into Haven of Health By MAJ. KENDALL EMERSON, U. S. A. Tumen, the Tartar stronghold ! The outlaw spirit of a vanished Genghiz Khan broods over the nestling one- storied log village on its Ural plateau. A11 about it circles a vast moat 40 feet deep, into which the passing waters of a turbid river may be let in time of peril from bandit foes without. The tiny houses have an air of other times about them, often made with walls two and three logs thick against enemy attack, and standing today as stern and rugged as when built by their first owners a few conturies ago. In this rude setting was born the notorious peasant Rasputin, who later became that arch impostor and deadly traitor to his country, whose malign influence did so much to hasten the downfall of the Tzar. Through the riot of a winter sun- set we drove, twice crossing the moat, to where high on its further bank rose the white drift of a splendid school building, its walls tinged with reflected lustre from the flaming western sky. Flanking the school on a rise to the left stood a graceful Russian church, with domes of green and gold, a thing of poignant beauty, with its priceless girdle of birches holding it in their feathery embrace. And then swiftly the color faded and we stood looking down on the sordid little village buried in the win- ter's harvest of snowdrifts, the logs jet black stains against the spotless white. Once again the vision of Russia, a land of sudden change and sharpest contrast, struck keenly into our souls. Now the lights gleamed from the school and we entered to see the trans- formation wrought by our Red Cross workers in its halls and class-rooms. SLEIGHING IN THE SEAT OF ANCIENT FUSTARY Miss Farmer met us and bustling little Miss McGregor, of the British Red Cross, just arrived, but with her vigorous organizing powers already hard at work, and a list of thirty improvements for the place culled during her five days’ observation. This hos- pital was established for the Czechs last autumn when they were fighting bitterly along the eastern front. Dr. Lewis went up from Buchedu to take charge and a few American % sisters pushed hardily out along the war-tossed railway to help him. The Czechs served loyally, and Austrian pris– oners were commandeered for the heavier work. Glad enough for the release from their desperate prison life, no laborers could have been more faithful and the mere suggestion that their places were still held open for them in the prison barracks was the only discipline ever required. MODERN SCHOOL IS HOSPITAL The story of the school is an inter- esting one. From a casual survey of the village of Tumen, none would sus- pect anything but poverty, ignorance and deadening toil as its contribution to the country. Yet in this little town two brothers, through frugal devotion to duty and shrewd business sense, had become wealthy men. One had sys- tematized the fishing industry, ad- vancing equipment, staking newly ar- rived fishermen, tiding over bad years and marketing the catch to such ad- vantage that he had won the good- will of his people while storing away his own large fortune. As a means of showing his gratitude he had built this splendid school, so apparently out of place in the prevailing surround- ings. It is a vast, three-storied struc- ture of brick and concrete, newly fin- ished, fireproof throughout, with modern plumbing, electricity and water laid on, and in every way as fine a building for the purpose as could be found in our country. It was a private school, no doubt largely agri- cultural and vocational in character, and one-half of it is still used for this purpose, while the Red Cross maintains a hospital of three hundred beds in the remaining half, giving an intimation of the size and typically Russian scale on which it has been con- structed. On the second floor was a ward with thirty Chinese Bol- shevik prisoners, all with hands or feet frozen, many N | % * % % ENTRANCE TO COURT OF TUMEN HOSPITAL with resulting amputations. The story of these Chinese in connec- tion with the Russian Revolution is a pathetic one. During the war con- scription was so complete in Russia that there were no men left in the large cities to do the more menial forms of labor, janitor service, street cleaning, and so forth. Again, the mines were stripped of Russian work- ers and foreign labor had to be im- ported to keep them in operation. Many thousands of Chinese coolies were brought from Manchuria and northern China, more than ten thou- sand coming to Moscow alone. The patients we saw were from the Ural mines. The smiles on those thirty moon-shaped faces at the comfort they were having in the American hospital indicated total oblivion of the frosted fingers and toes. It was a very tame lot of Bolsheviki that we gazed on through a blue haze of cigarette smoke and Oriental emanations. LITTLE CHILD AMONG PATIENTS On a cot in one of the vast corridors lay a tiny child of seven, the only civilian patient among that rough ar- ray of wounded soldiers. She was a baby with a neglected tubercular hip, who had passed three years of suffer- ing prior to the coming of the Red Cross. After visiting the improvised, but most satisfactory kitchens in the base- ment and commandeering some of the excellent white bread for which these kitchens have won an enviable repu- tation, we bade a late farewell to a drowsy hospital and drove back to our train through the starlit night. Three weeks before a hundred mutineers had been stood up in the village square at nightfall and sprayed with machine guns and since then no one had been allowed out of doors after dark. This was the first night that the ban had been lifted, otherwise we would have been prisoners till morning in the hos- pital we had just left. 6 THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN WARIETY OF RELIEF IS SHOWN Scranton, Pa., Is Taken as Typifying Scope of Activities for Families of Soldiers and Sailors The wide variety of assistance ren- dered by the American Red Cross to the families of soldiers and sailors through the medium of “Home Serv- ice” is indicated in a report covering the work of the Home Service Section in Scranton, Pa., Chapter for a period of two weeks: Families visited, 376; families fur- nished information, 176; vocational training cases, 82; disability compen- sation cases, 59; financial aid given to 25 families; compensation papers filed, 24; employment cases referred, 13; adjustment of allotment and allowance cases, 21. - During this two weeks’ period five soldiers and sailors who were stranded in Scranton were supplied transpor- tation, and similar service was ren- dered two Scran- ton boys who want- ed to come home. Meals were fur- nished to 68 sol- diers and sailors and lodgings fur- nished to 31 in the same period. The report also lists the following cases: Securing Liberty Bonds, 19; medical aid, 39; medical examina- tion, 19; dental service, 4; loans made, 15; securing back pay, 31; how to pay for insurance, 27; conversion of insurance, 14; reinstatement of in- surance, 9. Among the other services listed was the handling of cases under the Sol- diers’ and Sailors' Civil Relief Aid supplying legal aid; tracing returned allotment checks; making applications for government farms; providing hos- pital care, sanatorium care, special care for men gassed in service, and numerous cases involving foreign communications, naturalization, and the preparation of affidavits. - ~ Valued at approximately $100,000, 162,000 refugee garments, cut, but not made up, have been ordered delivered by the division warehouses to the American Red Cross Commission for Siberia. Italian Town. To Be “America” “America” is to be the new name of one of the towns recently wrecked by the earthquake in the Mugello Val- ley, Italy, the Italian authorities in this way paying their tribute to America for the prompt assistance rendered the earthquake victims through the medium of the American Red Cross. The town to be renamed will be the one receiving the greatest amount of American aid. In addition to the im– mediate shipment of a great quantity of supplies to the stricken district, the consignment, including steel barracks formerly used by doughboys on the western front, the American Red Cross gave 50,000 lire cash to the re- lief fund raised by residents of the Florence district. º AN AMERICAN STEAMER, UNLOADING A. R. C. SUPPLIES FOR DESTITUTE BALKAN REFUGEES AT SALONICA, GREECE (Continued from page 2) As their husky, Russky sister ever yet appeared to me. If you could change your clothes for some my Yankee sisters wear, I imagine they would envy you the roses in your face; With proper Yankee foot-gear and a ribbon in your hair, You would spot them several tallies and give them second place. It’s a weedy row you’re hoeing, but the way you hoe is great, And I’m proud of your acquaint- ance, just as proud as I can be: It is you, in my opinion, who will build the future state, Who will shape the greater Russia as a true democracy. ANTI-TVPHUS PLAN FOR SIBERIM Red Cross Personnel Is Doubled to Assist People in Fighting Plague. Valuable Equipment Is Shipped "The American Red Cross has an– nounced extensive preparations for the fight against typhus in Siberia the coming winter. Last winter more than 10,000 people died from this plague in Siberia and the number of persons afflicted with the disease has been estimated at more than 100,000. The Red Cross personnel in Siberia which, up until three months ago, numbered 321 has been increased to 650, many additional doctors and nurses having been sent abroad for the anti-typhus campaign. As body lice are the carriers of the disease, clean clothing with ample bathing and delous- ing facilities are es- sential to the suc- cess of the cam- paign. Twelve semi-portable boil- ers, with necessary pumps and other equipment, costing $22,390 in all, have just been shipped to Siberia. It is planned to estab- lish quarantine sta- tions along the rail- road routes and at principal junctions. These stations will be equipped with baths and the boil– ers will be used in the construction of delousing plants. It is only by the use of such quarantine stations that the spread of the disease can be checked. A train of seventeen cars equipped for bathing and delousing purposes, which can be rushed to points where the plague is severest, is operated by the Red Cross in Siberia. The Red Cross hospitals there are specially equipped for fighting the disease. The last shipment to Siberia in- cluded 2,000 convalescent suits for hospital use and 22,188 sweaters, val- ued in all at $40,105. A previous ship- ment contained 450,000 articles of men's, women's and children’s muslin underwear, made to a special Russian pattern and costing $230,000. N Ten thousand Serbian orphans were beneficiaries of American Red Cross aid that was carried to seventy-five Serbian villages. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 HATRED WANISHES IN HOLY LAND Ancient Seat of Christianity Presents Spectacle of Moslem, Gentile and Jew Serving Humanity Jerusalem (By Mail). – Natives of Jerusalem declare that the Bibli- cal prediction of a day when the lion and the lamb would lie down to- gether has about reached this quarter of the globe. For the first time in the history of the Holy Land, Christians, Moslems and Jews are working side by side in industrial work-rooms which were opened by the American Red Cross Commission to Palestine. Racial and religious hatred and sus- picion are being forgotten by the men and women, refugees of the war, who are toiling there together. One of the greatest needs of the people of Jerusa- 3. 2. A Municipal Haircut, Please “The entire population must have its hair cut,” is the official proclama- tion issued by the Polish Ministry of Health. In conjunction with the American Red Cross the government is planning a determined campaign against typhus. A similar wholesale order is given for the bathing of every man, woman and child in all the prov- inces of the new Polish Republic. The proclamation proceeds to ex- plain why haircuts and baths are nec- essary. Typhus, it says, is carried by body lice. It has gained such a hold in certain parts of this country, espe- cially Congress, Poland and Galicia, that the health experts agree that the bathing, haircutting and reclothing of upwards of 5,000,000 people is neces- sary to stem the epidemic. Already 100,000 cases of the disease have been registered in Poland. TURN ABOUT FOR THE HUNS German “P. G.'s" Now Help French Till Crops Where Once It Was Other Way Round Paris (By Mail).-Spincourt, in the Department of Meurthe-et-Mosel, was occupied by the Germans for four years of the war. The French people left in the vil- lage, women, old men and children, were prisoners for that length of time. They were forced to work in their own fields at the point of bayonets in the hands of gray-clad German sol- diers. The French prisoners were forced to cook and wash for and house the same German soldiers who were their jailers. They were subjected to all the indignities of conquered peo- ples. They were told constantly that France and her Al- lem has been cloth- |- lies were hopelessly ing. Another great need has been em- ployment for reli- gious pilgrims who were stranded in the historical city in 1914. The Amer– ican Red Cross x therefore arranged with the British Government to es- tablish looms for hand weaving in an old street known as the cotton market. Fifteen shops and one large building, formerly a mill, were rented, and twenty-eight looms were furnished by the Red Cross. To put the work - - on a permanent commercial basis, a native, Shukri Batato, was put in charge of the enterprise. Cloth from Red Cross workshops at Gaza and weaving thread were supplied, and weaving was begun. The looms not only are giving employment to a great many persons, but are providing an output of cloth of good quality which can be sold at reasonable prices. Of equal importance is the spirit of good feeling which is growing up among the people of different religions and ItaCeS. Plans are being made to permit a certain number of apprentices to learn the art of hand weaving in the shops, and a special sum of money has been furnished by the British Government for this purpose. The sales from the shops have been good, and it is believed that the business will prove successful. - - - § § § VIEW ALONG BEAUTIFUL BISTRITSA RIVER, IN LENDS EN CHANTMENT TO THE A. R. C. WORK IN THIS QUARTER, N § The American Red Cross, already established in Poland with an organi- zation of more than 200 personnel and thousands of tons of medicines, hos- pital equipment and supplementary food, has been called upon by the local government to play a principal role in the battle against this disease. Besides supplying much of the equipment to perform the immense haircutting job, America will furnish delousing plants, hospital trains, cloth- ing, underwear, hospital beds and linen, ambulances and disinfecting apparatus. The volume of American Red Cross relief supplies pouring into Siberia is shown by the fact that recently five steamers were simultaneously dis- charging cargoes for the Red Cross at Vladivostok, one of them bringing a shipment of 1,865 cases. RUMANIA, A SCENE THAT weak and that Ger– many would cer- tainly win. They were never allowed to learn anything at all about the en- trance of America into the war. Then suddenly came the liberation of all that district. The conquering troops advanced so rapidly on Spin- court that the Ger– man soldiers quar- tered there were surrounded a n d captured. And now the same German sol- diers whose bayo- nets drove the wo— men and old men of Spincourt to work are working in the same fields them- selves, under the watchful eyes of French poilus with French rifles. The harvest this summer from Spincourt will be produced by German prisoners from French soil. And from America, the country whose entrance into the War, was not considered worth men- tioning by the Germans, has come the farm machinery and supplies, which, through the American Red Cross, is making an enormous harvest possible. After traveling 900 miles in almost every conceivable sort of conveyance, a shipment of American Red Cross food and other relief supplies recently arrived in Pirot, Serbia, and the street through which it was transported upon its arrival was promptly renamed “America Street” by the suffering population. 8 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - Hark Ye, Military Relief Men (Continued from page 1) to see that every man in our Army and Navy gets the service we have been organized to render. The rapid demobilization does not relieve us of that obligation until every man is back home. As other plans for helpfulness are curtailed and as the restlessness of the men not yet released increases, the need becomes greater for the serv- ice we must render. “The War Department announces that on July 8 there were still 866,685 men in the service. Is the Red Cross ready to serve these men as well or better than the men who came home first, or are we going to allow these men, many of whom saw the heaviest service, to complain that the hardest job and the meanest welcome was their lot? “We must realize that many of the men leaving the service will return to communities in which the adminis- tration of Home Service is difficult. It has been shown by a survey of one or two such communities that the dif- ficulties of the men may not be dis- covered for some time, whereas the cases may easily be opened before the men leave the service and thus assure subsequent attention. “In the hospitals and other estab- lishments we wonder if the efforts to render service continue to be such as to inspire the confidence of officers and men and an increased use of the facilities provided. “The Red Cross has no quitters. We are sure that its splendid reputation will be justified and maintained by every Home Service worker of the Department of Military Relief. Na- tional Headquarters stands ready to help in every possible way in giving information about plans and methods that are proving successful and in se- curing prompt action on special cases which concern departments here.” Commander Maas Dies in Paris The death of Commander Charles O. Maas, U. S. N., formerly naval attache at the American Embassy, Paris, who had been serving as coun- sellor to the American Red Cross Commission for France, has been re- ported to Red Cross National Head- quarters by cable. Commander Maas, whose home was at 57 West 75th Street, New York City, died in Paris, where he had been undergoing treat- ment for several weeks. The body has been temporarily buried in Su- resne Cemetery, Paris. Thirty-two thousand nurses served under the French Red Cross during the war. - Czecho-Slovaks Vote Thanks The Los Angeles branch of the Czecho-Slovak National Alliance, at a meeting last week, adopted the follow- ing resolution relating to the Red Cross care of the wounded Czech soldiers from Siberia, who arrived on the Pacific coast recently, and are now visiting some of the larger American cities on their way across the conti- nent to embark on the last leg of the long journey to the new land of Czecho-Slovakia: “Resolved, That a vote of thanks be * & º * : º, *ś § s WASHIER WOMEN ON THE BANKS OF THE SCENIC BISTRITSA RIVER, THIS STREAM HAS BEEN CROSSED MANY TIMES BY A. R. C. COMMISSIONERS IN THE BALRANS given by this association to the Amer- ican Red Cross for the participation in the grand welcome accorded the Czecho-Slovak troops from Siberia on their arrival at San Diego, California, and for all gifts and assistance ren- dered by said organization at all points along the route of their travel, and for all help and guidance, through the un- tiring for Dr. O. Eversole, the Red Cross commissioner in Siberia, and at other continental points, as well as in the United States. “The American Red Cross came to the assistance of our heroes at a time when help was greatly needed, and most welcome and fully appreciated by them. Our sincere thanks go forth to this organization for the many kind deeds and help to these soldiers, whose every nerve was fired to make the world free to justice, liberty and democracy.” - Miss Irene M. Givenwilson has been appointed Curator of the Permanent - Exhibit of the Red Cross. Shuttleboard of Old World (Continued from page 1) needed for this purpose, Poland must have big supplies of medicines and antiseptics, dozens of hospitals for the quarantining of contagious diseases, scores of sterilizing machines and a large public health organization. But Poland has only the framework of a government, patriotic in its intentions, but extremely limited in resources. The American Red Cross has an organization of about 200 persons in Poland, and is now active in an ad- visory capacity to the government. It has shipped in several thousand tons of clothing, medicines, hospital equip- •ment and supplementary food supplies. Its relief work and its hospital or— ganization will serve as a model for the plans of the local authorities. With what hope the Polish authori- ties look to the Americans in this crisis is illustrated in a letter received by the Red Cross from Lieut. Col. Francis E. Fronczak. He says, in part: “The Polish people look upon the American Red Cross as their salva- tion. It holds in its hands the desti- nies of nations. This world war has been fought in vain if there is no early restoration of normal physical and moral conditions in the newly born Republic of Poland. Poland is the keystone of the world's perma- nent peace.” Commissioner Burr Returns Col. George H. Burr, Commissioner to France, has returned to this coun- try to resume the direction of his banking business in New York. Mr. Burr went to France in Septem- ber as a Deputy Commissioner to France and was given charge of the work of the Red Cross in the western zone. He continued the management of this zone with great success until January 5 of this year, when he was appointed Commissioner to France by the Red Cross War Council, with the title of Lieutenant Colonel. He suc- ceeded Col. Harvey D. Gibson in this office, Colonel Gibson having been ap- pointed Commissioner to Europe. The relief work that has been car- ried on in Serbia by the American Red Cross will be perpetuated by native women who are now being trained by the Red Cross workers in nursing and general health work and child welfare. The students show great eagerness and aptitude to learn and it is expected that within a few months there will be enough graduates in the field to undertake a comprehensive health program throughout the country. 5 15ſ -- ºvu”, A 4- º ..º. O The TRed Cross Bulletin Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST 11, 1919 No. 33 ROLL CALL OF AMERICANISM And Drive for Fifteen Million Dollars Combined, Is Announced—Obli- gations at Home and Abroad Dr. Livingston Farrand, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the American Red Cross, today announced a nation-wide Red Cross campaign to Open on November 3, and to close November 11, Armistice Day. The primary object of the campaign is to enroll members for the year 1920, but there will be in addition, a general appeal for Fifteen Million Dollars, to enable the Red Cross to complete its war obligations at home and abroad, and there will be local appeals, where necessary, conducted by chapters to secure whatever money --~~ |- º ships, the money so derived to be used for American purposes, and the ap- proval thus received to be regarded as a mandate to carry on future programs. The first task of the Red Cross is, § y FLOWER SEEDS FLAWOR SOUP Russian Prisoners in Germany, Get- ting First Food in Years, Have Own Ideas on Interior Decorating Berlin (By Mail).-Has the Rus- sian peasant a sense of humor? Cap- tain F. C. Kenower, of the American Red Cross Commission here, thinks the answer is an emphatic Yes. “At a special meeting of the Pris- oners’ Committee, in reference to the flower seeds, it has been respectfully decided to use them in the soup.” This was the answer that came to Captain Kenower when he obtained several shipments of flower seeds and sent them with a note to the chairman of the Prisoners’ Committee at Gus- trow, asking whether he would care to N § MUCH IMPROVED HN HEALTH AND MORALE, 500,000 RUSSIAN PRISONERS IN GERMANY ARE GOING HOME WITH A MESSAGE OF GOOD-WILL FOR AMERICA. AS A RESUL'I' OF THE PRISONER RELIEF WORK OF THE INTER-ALLIED COMMISSION AND THE AMERICAN RED CROSS they may need to finance their local programs. During the war there were two an- nual campaigns, the War Fund Drive in the late spring and a Christmas Roll Call for membership. The only campaign this year will be the one in November and in succeeding years there will be an annual Roll Call in which the Red Cross will seek the reaffirmed allegiance of the American people expressed in dollar member- of course, to complete its obligations to American soldiers and sailors. The great organization plans, as its future policy, to concentrate its efforts upon peace problems at home, unless America should again be involved in war or confronted by great disasters creating special emergencies. The Red Cross programs are primarily within the field of Public Health and will aim particularly to cooperate with (Continued on page 8) plant them about the streets of the camp. The Gustrow camp is one of the largest Russian prisoner camps in Germany. Captain Kenower is in charge of relief work among these 111611. “The only sort of interior decora- tion these men seem to be interested in is the adornment of their stomachs with things to eat—and they cannot be blamed,” commented Captain Ken- ower, upon receipt of the answer. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN START PUBLIC R. G. MUSEUM Relief Workers Throughout World Are Asked To Send Memen- toes From Fields of Mercy The nucleus of a permanent Amer- ican Red Cross exhibit has been as- sembled at National Headquarters in Washington for the benefit of the pub- lic—a beginning only which is to be added to continually, until a splen- did collection of interesting material used on fields of mercy throughout the world is on hand. A curator has been appointed in the person of Miss Irene M. Givenwilson, a graduate of the universities of London and Bonn, who saw twenty-one months of serve ice for the Red Cross in France, and again at Cob- lenz with the Army of Occupation, es- tablishing rest sta- tions and canteens. A Museum Com- mittee, consisting of Dr. Stockton Axson, Chairman; Mrs. August Bel- mont, Mrs. John M o or head, Dr. Frank M. Chap- man, Miss Eliza- beth A. McFadden, and Mr. B. li. Har- lan, have been ac- tively at work ar- ranging for this exhibit for several months. Although cramped for space at present, the Committee, with a subcommittee in France, plan to make the exhibit a big and valuable creation in time. To this end, Red Cross workers returning from various places of A. R. C. activity in foreign countries, and Red Cross personnel generally, are earnestly urged to contribute souvenirs of serv- vice to the Red Cross Museum. A permanent record of the donors of the objects of interest will be kept. In May Maj. James R. Barbour, Mrs. Robert Olds and the Misses Mc- Kee were appointed a sub-committee with jurisdiction over the entire Euro- pean field. This committee has its headquarters in Paris and through the efforts of the Misses McKee, who have been acting as field agents, has col- lected many objects of interest from the War Zone. Many boxes have come to Head- quarters from all parts of Europe, most of them containing gifts from people whom the Red Cross was able to help during the war. These gifts, however simple, are significant of a kindly feeling and the most touching gratitude and will receive a place of honor in the museum. It is hoped that the completed ex- hibit may be eventually housed in a permanent building where it may ade- quately tell the story of the Red Cross and thus stand as a worthy and per- petual memorial to the devotion of the millions of Red Cross workers, men, women and children, many of whom have given years of their lives to Red Cross work, and that in time this Red Cross museum will be one of the sights of Washington. IF YOU HAVE MICROSCOPIC EYES, YOU CAN SEE THE LETTERS “U. S.” ON THE AUTOMOBILES IN FRONT OF “DER KAISERHOF,” BERLIN, HEADQUARTERS OF THE A. R. C. COMIMISSION FOR RELIEVE OF RUSSIAN PRISONERS This collection should preserve all relics possessing historical value which will make vivid to the imagination the part played by the American Red Cross during the recent war and in other great disasters. It should also picture the developments in the peace program of the Red Cross in such a way that the needs for these activities will be easily understood and their enthusiastic support assured, and it is hoped that the ways and means em- ployed by this organization in meet- ing problems will be shown in a way which will be instructive and stimu- lating to both professional relief work- ers and laymen. The following list of articles is in- tended to be suggestive of the sort (Continued on page 8) º gº Junior Red Cross 2% º - NEW PUBLICATION For JUNIORS “Junior Red Cross News” Will Appear During Nine School Months as Children's Journal A new Red Cross publication, the Junior Red Cross News, will make its first appearance in September. This paper will be the official organ of the Department of Junior Membership, and will be sent from Washington to schools in all parts of the country. It will be published in fourteen dif- ferent editions, so that schools in each division may be kept in touch with their own division's share in the work which the Junior Red Cross is doing. The News will contain up-to-date work which the accounts of the is doing for chil- dren in the war- stricken countries. These accounts will be written by Juni- or Red Cross rep- resentatives who are now in Europe, and will include descriptions of the life of the people, stories about the children, and re- ports of the re- lief work which the Junior Red Cross has done and is planning to do, besides reproduc- tions of drawings and photographs made especially for The News. Each number will con- tain several pages of matter of local interest, contributed to The News from the Junior Membership Depart- ment in the fourteen Red Cross divisions. The September number will deal particularly with the children of France, following the plan by which each issue of The Nezvs is to stress the conditions and work in one of the European countries. Several French children have written for The News letters to the Junior Red Cross, and these letters will appear in the Sep- tember number. There will be stories about French children, and photo- graphs and pictures of French chil- dren drawn from life by French and American artists. The News is to be published nine times a year, each month during the school term. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 DON'T SH00T WHEN LEG BREAKS Cowboy Bridegroom, Not Knowing First-Aid, Makes Mistake—R. C. Offers Courses to Schools The story runs of an Arizona cow- boy bridegroom, who, questioned as to the whereabouts of his bride of a few months, explained with tears in his eyes, how the poor woman had been thrown from her horse and he had been compelled to shoot her be- cause her leg was broken, although “she was a fine girl and he loved her considerable.” Fortunately, it does not take such drastic incidents as this to demonstrate the need of first-aid instruction, and this phase of Red Cross work is daily being brought to the attention of the people in this coun- try, with compel- ling force, demon- strating the abso- lute necessity of first-aid knowledge in the everyday conduct of life. Accidents are un- foreseen. The per- son versed in first- aid is a tower of strength at such moments and his prompt action is frequently the means of saving life outright. The courses of instruction in First- Aid, Hygiene, and Home Care of the Sick, offered to the high schools by the American Red Cross means an op- portunity for those upon whom the burden of home nursing usually falls to learn how to handle such cases with the least effort and maximum result. This instruction is not in the form of haphazard lectures, but is as care- fully planned and as systematically taught as any other part of the cur- riculum. It forms an unique and op- portune supplement to the high- school courses in physiology and anatomy, and taken with these sub- jects, will be all the more vivid to the young students. The invaluable worth of a knowl- edge of first-aid among miners is ob- vious. At the annual meeting of the Kentucky Mining Institute in Lex- ington, a first-aid contest was held under Red Cross regulations, and bronze medals for proficiency were |-g presented to the members of the Con- solidation Coal Company's First-Aid Team No. 204, making them the Ken- tucky champions. They will be dele- gates to the National First-Aid Meet, to be held in Pittsburgh in Septem- ber. The annual toll of deaths from mine disasters emphasizes the im- portance of increasing safety and first- aid insurance in this industry perhaps above all others, and the Red Cross is teaching, through its first-aid division, the most effective methods of admin- istering intelligent and effective as- sistance to the injured between the time of accident and the arrival of the patient in the hospital. Within the last thirteen years there have been twenty-eight serious mine disasters in the world, exacting a toll of 4,448 lives. THOUSAND'S OF POOR NATIVES OF SIBERIA AND REFUGEES FROM EUROPEAN RUSSIA OWE THEIR LIVES Accidents will happen, in industry and in the home. Few of us escape, either by actual experience or indirect association. Instruction in the sanest method of meeting such emergencies and the general needs of the injured should be part of the common educa- tion of each individual. Among the many reconstruction problems faced by Serbia is that of getting the children back to school, a suspension of their education having been forced by hostilities. It is not an easy task to induce the youngsters to resume their studies, but school lunch- eons provided by the American Red Cross have been an important factor in repopulating the classrooms. Grad- ually this work is being taken over by the Serbian authorities, - TODAY TO GOD AND THIS ANTI-TYPHUS of TRAIN–THE GREAT WHITE TRAIN OF A. R. C. RELIEF ARMENIMNS IN SIBERIA HELPEI) Red Cross Relief Train Carries Sup- plies from Vladivostok to In- terior—Resolutions Sent Vladivostok, Siberia (By Mail).- Armenians from all parts of Siberia and even from Japan and China, have been in conference at Harbin, dis- cussing questions affecting their wel- fare. One of the actions taken by the conference was the passage of the following resolution: “The Conference of Armenians of Siberia and the Far East sends its best compliments to the American Red Cross and tenders its deepest thanks for the help and love the Red Cross is rendering to op- pressed peoples, es- pecially to our suf- fering Armenian brethren.” Another note of thanks is sounded by Lieutenant Gen- eral Art emiev, commanding the Russian troops of the Irkutsk mili- tary district. Gen- er a 1 Artemiev's statement is as foll- 1ows: “The District Sanitary Inspector has reported to me that on the arrival of the American Red Cross train Dr. Scudder vis- ited the Za-Irkut- skny Local Hospi- tal and after view- ing the pitiful lack garments he stated his good- will to help and afterwards graciously donated to the hospital 100 blankets, 1,000 undershirts, 1,000 underdrawers, and 1,000 pairs of stockings. “In the name of the troops of my district I send my hearty thanks to Dr. Scudder, representative of the American people, who are responding so sympathetically to the needs of Russia in her process of rebirth.” The distribution in this case was made from a special train sent out by the American Red Cross loaded with clothing, caps, etc., and intended es- pecially to relieve the suffering of the Za-Baikal Railroad employees. A moderate amount of clothing was given to the local hospitals, which were found in great need. § s Red Cross Roll Call, Nov. 3-11 ! 4 - THE RED CRoss B UL LET IN THE RED CROSSBUIETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. - Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY subscripTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR -º- National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAF't. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. De Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . ſ/ice-President John SKELTon WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer . ALExANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor STOcK'ron AxSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary Livingston FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLOUGHBY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., AUGUST 11, 1919 An American Roll Call Having in mind as its foremost task the completion of its obligations to American soldiers and sailors, and turning its attention largely to a pro- gram of domestic relief, the American Red Cross announces on the first page cf this issue of THE RED CROSS BUL- LETIN a combination membership roll call and drive for $15,000,000, to be- gin November 3 and close November 11, the first anniversary of the sign- ing of the world-war armistice. A continuing obligation to certain sections blasted by the war is neces- sarily recognized by the Red Cross along with its appreciation of practical needs at home, and but for a Con- gressional transfer to the Red Cross of a quantity of medical and supple- mental army supplies in Europe, it would be urgent for the Red Cross to appeal for a considerably larger sum than $15,000,000. - Fundamentally it is to be an Amer- ican campaign in the interest of sys- tematic preparedness for Home Serv- ice operations—an outline of the scope of which appears on page 5—a wide- spread home-nursing plan, and for emergency or disaster relief. It is an American roll call—an honor roll of Americanism and hu- manitarianism. And it should be unanimous ! The Diplomacy of Kindness An Italian sailor, for a period of years, appeared regularly at American Red Cross Headquarters in Washing- ton on Easter morning with a great Easter lily and left it. It was a token of gratitude for relief given his dear- est relatives in a region which had suffered from an earthquake. Now an Italian town is to be called “Amer- ica” because of American aid in time of need. Rumanian mountain peasants brought to American Red Cross rep- resentatives in that country the other day an ornamented basket, in the bot- tom of which were two eggs, the only eggs in Pitesti village, and presented them as a symbol of appreciation of American relief work there. An orphanage in Archangel, Russia, and many peasant children in that land of the midnight sun have loaded down returning American Red Cross workers with hand-embroidered hand- kerchiefs and hand-made toys, with careful instruction that these gifts be distributed among American children as evidence of the good-will and broth- erly love growing out of the fact that ten thousand children were given food and clothing in North Russia last winter. Such little signs and symbols—and they come from all over the world— from distressed Poland, from France, Belgium, Armenia—are truer indica- tions of the regard felt for America than are some noisy and blustering uterances which come occasionally from sources not so close to the people. The help given suffering peoples by America in the world’s darkest hour, a service in which the American Red Cross considers itself to have been an instrument only, has proved to be a diplomacy of a new order, a diplomacy unlike the old order of intrigue—a diplomacy of kindness. The American Red Cross today an- nounced that it has authorized the ex- penditure of $1,800,000 for relief work in Siberia during the last half of this year. During this time the organiza- tion will wage a determined campaign against typhus, a serious recurrence of which is threatened. - A Pslam at Life In a jingle called “A Pslam at Life,” found in The American Senti- nel, the weekly newspaper published for the enlightenment and entertain- nent of American soldiers, at Arch- angel, Russia, by the American Red Cross, a doughboy poet reveals be- tween facetious lines the soldier's joy Over the prospect of returning home. The poet's prophesy about home- coming came true. Here is “A Pslam at Life”: Tell me not, to make me glummer, Going home is just a dream, For we shall not stay all summer And things are not what they seem. Life is real, Life is earnest, (Though in Russia somewhat slow) “Yank thou art, and soon returnest” Passed the Senate weeks ago. Not resignment and not sorrow Is the destiny we face, But to hope for that tomorrow When we leave this (censored) place, Life is short and time is fleeting, And our hearts, though brave and Stout, Often double-time are beating, When it’s home we think about. In the world's broad field of battle, In this (cut by censor) strife, Do not trust this piffling prattle That the sentence is for life. Trust no rumor so unpleasant, Let the dead past bury its dead; Act—act in the living present; Home is just six weeks ahead. Regulations oft remind us, - There is no such word as fear; We shall go and leave behind us, Room for much home talent here. Talent that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life’s solemn main, Who beholds our Russki brother, Seeing may take heart again. Let us then be up and doing, Speeding each succeeding day, Still achieving—still pursuing, Heaven grant we leave in (deleted by censor). Mr. Stephen N. Bobo has been ap- pointed Director of Motor Corps and Canteen Service to, succeed Mr. John A. Farwell, volunteer, whose resig- nation has been accepted as of July 31. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HOME SERVICE IN PEACE WILL BENEFIT ALL Broad Scope of Work of Civilian Relief Department Is Outlined by J. Byron Deacon, New Director General—Era of Practical Assistance for Humble Citizens Is at Hand Looking far beyond the day when war-time tasks will be finished, the Department of Civilian Relief of the American Red Cross, under a new Director General, Mr. J. Byron Dea- con, is perfecting a peace-time pro- gram which, it is confidently expected, will practically and directly benefit eventually countless thousands of citi- zens in the humbler walks of life in all parts of the United States. The crystallized plans of the department are to be set forth in a peace-time manual of Home Service which Mr. Deacon, who is a veteran in social service experience, is preparing. With a newly created bureau on rural organization at work, and rapidly in- creasing demands for Home Service despite the cessation of the world war, this major department of the Red Cross shows signs of a realization that its day of usefulness is just dawning. The new Director General of Civil- ian Relief came to National Headquar- ters of the Red Cross early in 1918 after a conspicuously able service as Director of Civilian Relief of the Pennsylvania-Delaware Division, and was made Assistant Director General of Civilian Relief of the national or— ganization. In this last-named capac- ity he participated actively in the war relief work of the department. Just a year after he was appointed Acting Director General, he was appointed Director General. Prior to his Red Cross service, Mr. Deacon filled a number of responsible offices in state and municipal charities organizations, including the general secretaryship of the Philadelphia Society for Organiz- ing Charity; was general secretary of the Pittsburgh Associated Charities, financial secretary of the New York City Charity Organization Society, superintendent of the Paterson, N. J., Charity Organization Society, and so on, in reverse order. His writings in- clude “Disasters and the American Red Cross in Disaster Relief,” pub- lished by the Russell Sage Founda– tion. DEMANDS FOR HOME SERVICE Discussing the problems of peace which confront the Department of Civilian Relief, Mr. Deacon stressed the vital character of Home Service. “The war is over and most of our troops have returned from overseas,” said he. “Other phases of Red Cross war work are slowing down, but with Home Service it is different. Home Service is not over; it has not dimin- ished in volume; Home Service work- ers are now working harder than ever before. These figures tell the story: 300,000 soldiers' and sailors' families in one month was the Home Service high-water mark during the war; but six months after the signing of the armistice 460,000 families sought the services of the Red Cross. Each suc- ceeding month since last November has seen a large number of service men’s families come to Home Service Sections; and no Home Service worker would venture to say that the peak has been reached. § N § N MR. J. BYRON DEACON Director General of the Department of Civilian Relief, American Red Cross “Why is it that Home Service con- tinues—must continue—long after other phases of Red Cross war work in the United States shall have sub- sided ? Because, during demobiliza- tion and the period of soldiers’ and sailors’ readjustment to civil life which follows demobilization, no less than before, are families subject to sick- ness, financial, business and legal troubles. Soldiers’ and sailors' wives and mothers are just as much in need of counsel and guidance in household management and discipline and educa- tion of children: they are equally in need of protection against the vicious and unscrupulous. The demobilized service man turns to the Home Service Section with delayed allotment prob- lems and problems of compensation and insurance. Returned soldiers and sailors must be helped to find jobs. Problems of health, vocational training and readjustment of disabled soldiers are at flood-tide. “Approached from another angle, the reasons why Home Service must continue its war service for some months are: “Service men and their families have become accustomed to turn to the Red Cross for neighborly counsel and aid. “The public expects it. “The Red Cross is pledged to the public and to service men and their families to ‘see the job through' to a workmanlike finish. “Federal departments and bureaus which touch the interests and welfare of soldiers' and sailors' families are increasingly availing themselves of Home Service Sections to make per- sonal contact with the families. “But Home Service Sections are thinking beyond the day when war- time tasks will be finished. Even be- fore the armistice was signed, but par- ticularly since then, an impressive vol- ume of evidence has come to head- quarters and division departments of civilian relief, indicative of the desire to continue Home Service, as a peace- time activity of the Red Cross. FAMILIES IN TROUPLE “What are some of the needs which people everywhere who want Homé Service to go on have in mind? They appear to be thinking chiefly of the families which need help in time of trouble. No place so small but has its families who at one time or another face grave difficulties. A child falls sick and a doctor or nurse is needed; a mother dies, leaving little children who must be found a suitable home with relatives or foster parents; a fac- tory closes, throwing the young father out of work, a new job must be found and perhaps temporary financial as- sistance arranged; a young man devel- ops tuberculosis and would gladly ac- cept sanatorium care if he knew its importance and where to apply for admittance; a lad becomes unruly and the distracted parents would welcome as big brother the young man who ‘has a way’ with boys, if they knew where to find him. “Those who want Home Service to go on do so because they covet for their communities a means of provid- ing such neighborly services as these.” 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN NUMBER OF OFFICIAL CHANGES Hughes Is Assistant General Man- ager–Rodeno Directs Supplies— Miss Sawyer Heads Dietitians Mr. H. J. Hughes, Legal Adviser to the Executive Committee, has been appointed Assistant General Manager of the American Red Cross, as of August 1, to succeed Mr. Philip Ross, resigned, and will continue in the ca- pacity of Legal Adviser as well. Mr. Hughes, who is a Baltimore attorney, has been intimately identi- fied with constructive Red Cross work since May 1, 1918, when he came to the organization as Assistant to the Director of the Department of Devel- opment, who was then Mr. Samuel M. Greer, of Balti- more. Later, when --> Mr. Greer became Assistant General Manager, Mr. Hughes continued as Mr. Greer's as- sistant in the new post. In January of this year, Mr. Hughes was made Assistant Legal Adviser to the War Council, and March 1, when the War Council retired, he was selected as Le- gal Adviser to the Executive Commit- tee. Mr. L. C. Ro- deno, of New York, who has been Director of the Bureau of Transportation in the Department of Supplies, has been appointed Acting Director of the Department of Supplies, succeeding Mr. Clyde H. Pratt, of New York, whose retire- ment has been previously announced. Mr. Rodeno, who had had much ex- perience in shipping business and rail- road affairs, was called to serve in an emergency in August, 1917, and has been with the Red Cross continuously since that time. He directed the speeding up of export warehouse con- struction for the Red Cross in New York, and took charge of the Bureau of Transportation at National Head- quarters in September, 1917. In the interval between that time and his appointment as Acting Direc- GROUP OF WHOLE-SOULED AMERICAN GIRLS SCHOOL FOR NURSES, CAMP SHERMAN, OHIO. THEY ARE GOOD TENNIS PLAYERS, TOO, AT RECREATION TIME tor of the Department of Supplies the other day, 196,000 cubic tons of sup- plies were sent overseas by the Red Cross. Almost all of the transporta- tion procured was free, and it was at times procured with great difficulty. Division traffic men were stationed throughout the country, and many do- mestic problems of transportation solved. NEW DIRECTOR OF DIETITIANS Miss Margaret Sawyer, who has had a varied experience as a Red Cross dietitian, serving at the Rock- well Flying Field, San Diego, Calif., and at Walter Reed Hospital, District of Columbia, has been appointed Di- rector of the Bureau of Red Cross Dietitian Service, Department of § § N N N Nursing, to succeed Miss Elva A. George, who has resigned to become Supervisor of Buildings and Grounds at Barnard College, Columbia Uni- versity. Miss George, the retiring Director of Dietitian Service, came to the Red Cross in 1916, and directed the en- rollment of some eighteen hundred dietitians for service as instructors in the Red Cross course in home dietetics, as dietitians in cantonment hospitals, and for service at the American fronts abroad. Miss George does not re- linquish her connection with the Red Cross entirely, for she will continue as Secretary of the National Com- mittee on Dietitian Service. (Continued on page 8) TRAINING AT THE U. S. ARMY 20,000 LECTURERS IN FRANCE French Officers Tell Their Troops of Work of American Red Cross— “Bulletin” on Cooperation Paris (By Mail).-During the past fortnight more than 20,000 French officers delivered lectures to their troops, describing the work of the American Red Cross. These lectures are a regular weekly fixture of training in the French army —each officer is expected to talk once a week to his soldiers on some sub- ject of general interest, more or less closely allied to military affairs. The subjects for the weekly lectures are selected by the General Staff and a syllabus of material on each weekly subject is sent out in the form of an eight-page Weekly Bulletin. The American Red Cross system of organization, its personnel, strength of the various de- p a r time n ts, the work of civilian relief, the assist- ance given to refu- gees and repa- triés, the fight against disease, the protection of chil- dren, the re-educa- tion of mutilés, the reconstruction of the devastated re- gions and the help § given to French wives of American soldiers were the topics discussed by the officers. The bulletin dealing with the sub- ject of civilian relief carried this state- ment: “The civilian relief work of the American Red Cross has made us real- ize more than anything else the co- operation of the United States. It has not been merely the association of two armies, but of two peoples. It is not only the American soldier coming to the aid of his French comrade, it is equally the American woman coming to the aid of the French woman, and the American child, who, by gifts and inspiration, has assisted the French child. This remarkable collaboration of the peoples of two countries in a struggle not only against the enemy, (Continued on page 7) § N | T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 PAGK D0MKEYS CARRY RELIEF Wretched Children in Serbian Hills Are Thus Reached With A. R. C. Supplies—Faith in America Belgrade, Serbia (By Mail).--To the peasants in the remote villages of these Balkan countries, the names of America and its Red Cross are more intimately known than any other thing in the outside world. How much they mean to them is shown by the fact that barefoot mountain people have frequently made journeys on foot for distances that required more than a week’s absence from home—all this in order to visit the Red Cross sta- tion, either for medical treatment or in search of certain much-needed sup- plies of food or clothing. A Red Cross worker from Buf- falo, N. Y., writes, in a report of a re- cent inspection trip across Serbia : “Beyond Peta- lina, a tiny hamlet two days’ automo- bile ride into the m O unt a in s, we caught up with a band of peasants on their way to beg the American Red Cross for aid. For the most part they were women and children, and it was nearly a week's trip for them to - the Red Cross sta- tion. We turned them back, prom- ising to bring them relief shortly. They turned patiently and streamed off up the hillside, thin and haggard, with bare feet and ragged clothing. “Since then these same people and many others through the district have been given cast-off American clothing and shoes donated to the Red Cross in the recent old-clothes campaign. How bad was their need and how ap- preciated these cast-off garments of Americans can hardly be pictured. Their poor little village clings to a rocky hillside far above the swift Varna River, and seemed a miserable place. It was badly injured by shell fire, as it lay between the two lines of trenches during the fighting in this region, but those inhabitants who fled have come back to rebuild their homes. “They look pretty wretched—thin and ill. We proceeded to investigate, HERE IS HOW INDUSTR Y IN THE WAR-DEVASTATED SLOWLY, EVER SO SH, GWAY, HELPING TO HEAL THE LANDSCAPE looking into all the homes, finding very little food of any kind, but plenty of illness. Of bedclothes there was practically nothing, the sick lying on the dirt floors with ragged pieces of cloth and their dilapidated clothing as their only covering. What live stock they had managed to save from the invaders was housed under the same roof. “The Red Cross caravan of five donkeys, loaded so that only the ears and tails showed, proved a triumphal procession. What surprised me was the faith these people had in the word of an American. They had waited several days between our promise of help and its actual arrival, but the headman of the village said they had never doubted that assistance would come. Privation has a real meaning to these people, who lack food, clothes, medicines and every comfort. (Continued from page 6) but also against the sufferings of civilians, will surely be a means of strengthening the bonds which already unite us; and this strengthening of bonds is necessary, for the dangers against which we have fought together are not altogether vanished. Those who, whether French or American, have worked side by side in these many fields of effort and each have learned to appreciate in the other the different qualities employed toward a common purpose, should consti- tute, as M. Tardieu said, ‘the sacred guardianship over Franco-American friendship” so necessary to the future of both nations.” ZONE OF EUROPE IS ANCIENT TOWN AMERICANIZES Caesar Started It and Turks Nearly Finished It—Today. It Has a Chamber of Commerce By WILLIAM. D. HINES Skolpje, Serbia (By Mail).-Yes, this is Skolpje, formerly known as Uskub—the city where East meets West. When Chicago was a priarie, this town of Serbia was the Grand Junc- tion of all commercial routes from Europe to the Orient. Some time be- fore Columbus shouted “Land Ho!” off Atlantic City, traveling salesmen were calling on customers in Skolpje. It was the main point on the camel line, known to fame as the “Via Ignatia,” between Constantinople and the Adriatic coast. Here the maha- rajas and pashas of the Orient met the traders of Western Europe and talked business as they squatted in the little coffee shops. Caesar started the town and the Turks “finished” it —almost. The not- ed Roman general built a camp here with a great wall and the same cob- blestones which his legionaries trod are still here today to stub the toes and break the foot arches of the A merican Red Cross workers. About the time Columbus induced Queen Isabella to pawn her wrist watch so that he might prove the world was round, the Turks took pos- session—by force, of course. Under their rule the importance of the place vanished. Modern trans- portation lines avoided the old cara- van route for more roundabout but less oppressed territory. After five hundred years of stifling Turkish gov- ernment, the Serbs again came into their own in 1912. But before they could take a good long breath, the great war broke, and suffering, want and deprivation resumed its sway. Today these people, who were pros- perous and progressive before Amer- ica was known to exist, are receiving their greatest inspiration and assist- ance from that stripling nation. 8 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN American “old clothes” donated to the Red Cross are being worn by men and women whose forefathers were well- to-do business men here before 1492. Their children are being saved by American food, medicine and atten- tion. - And with the hope and inspiration sprung from this aid, the people here are starting once again to make their town the crossroads where the East meets West in commerce. The merchants of the town are or— ganizing a Chamber of Commerce— probably the first of its kind in Ser- bia—and all the Americans in town are to be honorary vice-presidents! (Continued from page 1) official activities, Federal, State or Local. to duplicate the work of established organizations, but will endeavor to supplement other agencies where they already exist or to stimulate and or- ganize work where none such exists. The great work which the Amer- ican Red Cross did during the war has, however, left a continuing obli- gation, which cannot be fulfilled for some months to come. In an amend- ment to the Army Bill, Congress pro- longed the responsibility of the Red Cross abroad by authorizing the Sec- retary of War to transfer to the Amer- ican Red Cross such medical and sur- gical supplies, and supplementary and dietary foodstuffs now in Europe, as should not be needed by the Army abroad or at home, to be used by the American Red Cross, “to relieve and supply the pressing needs of the coun- tries involved in the late war.” Inventories of these supplies are now being made. To them will be added such materials as the American Red Cross has itself in Europe, and these will be distributed in those coun- tries in which the American Red Cross is concluding its war relief program, and where, because of the ravages of war, famine and epidemic, the dis- tress is most pronounced, as in the Balkans, Poland and other Eastern European countries. To meet all these obligations and to administer this foreign relief the Red Cross must raise at this time a fund of Fifteen Million Dollars. Doctor Farrand said that the Red Cross authorities realize that the aston- ishing generosity of the American people during the war and the pres- ent high cost of living at home might legitimately lead many to expect a re- 1ease from further demands for as- sistance to other peoples, but that we must remember that our Allies were much harder hit by the war than were we and that we have incurred obliga- The Red Cross will seek not tions to them which honor demands shall be discharged. In naming the sum of Fifteen Mil- lion Dollars the Red Cross has tried to determine the smallest amount which will enable it to round out its work and make effective the appro- priation of Army goods rather than to estimate the generosity of the American people. It is believed that the end of these foreign obligations is in sight, and the Red Cross is turning its chief at- tention and energy to the development of a clearly defined home program, which already includes systematic pre- paredness for Disaster Relief, a wide % “THE LEMONADE MAN” IN SALONICA, GREECE, DOES A GOOD BUSINESS THIS SUMMER, AND DIDN*T MIND HAVING HIS PICTURE TAREN BY AN A. R. C. MAN spread Nursing plan, continuing Home Service operations, First Aid instruc- tion, and a Junior Red Cross program, all of which will depend for their success upon large and vigorous Chap- ters. For these reasons, the enroll- ment of members is the chief purpose of the November campaign. It is the primary ambition of the American Red Cross to be of service to Amer- icans. (Continued from page 6) Miss Sawyer, the new Director of the Bureau of Dietitian Service, is a graduate of the University of Illinois, where she specialized in home eco- nomics, and took special courses at Cornell University. Before volun- teering to serve the Red Cross during the war, she was instructor in Applied Nutrition at the University of Iowa. (Continued from page 2) of material desired by the committee: Documents of value, maps show- ing the location and extent of Red Cross jurisdiction, photographs of in- terest, badges and medals of the American Red Cross or awarded to the Red Cross, uniforms which have significance in connection with in- dividuals or events of the American Red Cross, American Red Cross flags which have seen service of interest, equipment of Red Cross workers which has been in service or which has been especially developed in any particular locality, samples of ar- ticles made abroad under the direction of the American Red Cross, or com- parative exhibits of articles made by native relief societies, samples of ar- ticles and material used by Red Cross workers in relief work, equipment or material illustrating methods of the educational work carried on by the Red Cross, as First Aid, etc.; any mementoes or gifts to the American Red Cross from people the Red Cross has helped. - Nations Adopt Land Reforms Like Albania, which under the new order of things prevailing in the Bal- kan countries carved up its vast Turk- ish estates into small holdings for the peasants, Czecho-Slovakia has insti- tuted sweeping land reforms that have abolished the large estates, covering thousands of acres, formerly in the hands of great landowners of Ger- man origin who received the land from the Hapsburgs, following the suppres- sion of the Czech rebellion in 1620. This land reform measure gives to the people of the Czech republic about 17,000 square miles of land, a tract about twice the size of Moravia, which lies within the eastern boundaries of Czecho-Slovakia. In all cases, with the exception of those estates beionging to the former ruling house, i. e., the Hapsburgs, the subjects of enemy states, or to persons guilty of offenses against the Czecho- Slovak nation, full compensation will be made by the Czecho Government. Whether the land so acquired shall remain the property of the state, worked under the cooperative plan, or be leased to individual agricultural laborers, or divided and sold to the small peasants has not yet been de- termined. Slowly but surely the remnants of feudalism, that has held the old world enthralled for so many hundred years, perishes, and a newer and fairer order of things comes to pass. Hy S 157 A 4. The Red Cross Bulletin Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST 18, 1919 No. 34 MILLION WOLUNTEERS NEEDED Roll Call for Red Cross Members and Drive Must Have Efficient Organization To bring into action the most thorough organization possible for its forthcoming campaign for members and funds, the American Red Cross has issued a call for one million volunteer workers to participate in the Third Red Cross Roll Call, which will be held November 2 to 11. In this campaign, by which it is expected to begin the big * \ time activities of the organization with as nearly universal member- ship as possible and to raise $15,- 000,000 with which to fulfill the relief obligations of the American Red Cross at home and abroad, every effort will be made to so or- ganize every town and community that every person will be ap- proached by some other persons and asked to renew his membership or join the Red Cross if not already a member. A preliminary campaign text poster asking for one million vol- unteers to pledge their services and do their share in enrolling members will shortly be mailed to every post- office, telegraph office and public library, upon the display of which mobilization of the vast Red Cross workers' army will begin. Volun- teers may enroll with their local Red Cross chapters and if they ognition of the relief work of the Red Cross Commission to Palestine. The mosque of Hebron is one of the most sacred Mohammedan shrines outside of Mecca and is the burial place of Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Re- becca and Joseph, who are the Mos- lem equivalent for saints. Accord- ingly the mosque has been jealously guarded from the profaning feet of SONG WINS BABE FROM TURK Decision Akin to Solomon’s When Armenian Mother Croons Lul- 1abies to Stolen Child Aleppo (By Mail).-An American has duplicated Solomon's wisest judi- cial feat in Solomon's own country. He is a Red Cross worker, and he had to decide exactly the same kind of case that Solomon did thousands of years ago. Here is the story: During the Turkish deportations of a million Armenians into the Arabian desert, the Turks along the route used to seize and hold any of the children or women they fancied as the deported ones passed through. Four years ago an Armenian mother with her pretty little three- year-old daughter trudged through Aleppo. A Turk rushed from his home and seized the child, while the soldiers guarding the refugees forced the mother to go on. Last month she returned from the desert searching for her baby. She found it in the Turk’s home and claimed it, but the little girl, now seven, failed to recognize her mother and the Turk denied the woman’s claim. The poor woman then appealed to the American Red Cross, which, with the help of the British Army, is attempting to restore all stolen and lost Armenian children. They brought the disputed girl to the Red Cross refuge and the two claimants for her appeared before the Red have ability in public speaking or - - - - - "N"HE JUNIOR RED CROSS IS HELPING TO RECLAIM - or - writing they will be particularly Cross man in charge of the or THIS LITTLE ROUMANIAN BOY FROM IGN 0- RANCE, FAMINE AND DISEASE phanage. acceptable, it is stated. Americans Enter Moslem Shrine Among the first Christian visitors since the Holy Land was conquered by the Turks 800 years ago, a party of American Red Cross workers has been permitted to enter the sacred Mohammedan precincts of the mosque of Hebron, 35 miles from Jerusalem. The permission was in grateful rec- outsiders. The work for Mohamme- dan children, particularly the blind, who have received the same attention at the various Red Cross dispensaries, hospitals and orphanages in Palestine as Christian and Hebrew children, so stirred the Turkish people that the Moslem chief of police opened the mosque to the Red Cross workers. Solomon had the same kind of case thousands of years ago when two women claimed one baby. To de- cide it he Solomon—ordered a sol- dier to cut the child in two and give each woman half. At this the real mother offered to give up the child in order to save it from death. The wise monarch immediately awarded (Continued on page 4) T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN SUFFERING IN SERBIA RELIEVEI) Moral Stimulus as Well as Food and Clothing Help. Frightful Conditions Changed Belgrade, Serbia (By Mail).-Con- ditions in all the Balkan States have been much improved within the last - - - - wº- º - § QUEEN MARIE, OF ROUMANIA, AIDING PLIES. contrast to what it was six months ago. I need cite only the case of Rou- mania. When we came there we found women and children in the streets crying for bread; patients in the hospitals praying to die. There were villages where the sole subsist- ence of the population consisted of cabbage roots, beets and grass. In the mountain regions many were dying IN DISTRIBUTION OF RED CROSS SUP- COL. HENRY W. ANDERSON, DIRECTOR OF THE A. R. C. BALKAN COMMISSION. IS HANDING RELIEF SUPPLIES TO THE QUEEN six months, according to Lieut. Col. Henry W. Anderson, of Richmond, Va., who is directing the work of the American Red Cross in Roumania, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Albania and Bosnia-Herzegovina. This improvement has been brought about largely by the efforts of the Americans, who are carrying on broad measures of relief in those countries. “The famine, suffering and misery brought upon this part of Europe by the war,” said Colonel Anderson to- day, “have been mitigated in a won- derful degree by the help of the American people through the agency of the Red Cross and the United States Food Administration. Not only have the Americans brought ma- terial assistance to these afflicted peo- ple, but by their presence they have given them a moral stimulus that will enable them to begin life anew and to provide means in the future of helping themselves and their neighbors. “King Ferdinand, of Roumania, told us that if it were not for the help re- ceived from the United States, Rou- mania would have starved. Every- body in Europe will tell you the same thing. A picture of the situation in the Balkans today affords a striking § . e. º -> º * 3: 3 & - º sº º ** º - § N § § - FRANCE HONORs Col. sſRONG Foe of Many Epidemics, Long With Red Cross, Is an Officer of Legion of Honor Announcement that Col. Richard Pearson Strong, world-famous author- ity on epidemics and tropical diseases, has been made an officer of the Legion of Honor in recognition of his war services, is contained in a cablegram received by the American Red Cross. The distinction was conferred at a public military ceremony in the Place des Invalides. For several years Colonel Strong, who holds the chair of tropical dis- eases at Harvard Medical School, has represented the American Red Cross on important research and disease- fighting expeditions to various parts of the world and at present is medical director of the newly formed League of Red Cross Societies. In 1911 he was the American Red Cross delegate to the Mukden pneumonic plague conference that resulted in the sup- pression of one of the worst pestilen- tial visitations China ever suffered. In 1914 he headed the sanitary com- mission, the organization sent to com- bat the typhus epidemic in the Bal- kans, and when the United States entered the war Colonel Strong was assigned to headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces. § GRAVE OF THE LATE JANE A. DELANO, ORGANIZER OF THE A. R. C. NUR SING CORPS, IS SHOWN IN THE FIRST ROW OF CROSSES, AT SAVENAY, FRANCE, WILL THE SACRIFICES OF THESE AMERICANS BE MADE WORTH WHILEf of starvation. Children walked the streets naked. There was scarcely any clothing in the country. The Ger- mans and Austrians had carried off everything. In the hospitals patients were crowded four and five in a bed, wrapped in bits of carpet. In the vil- (Continued on page 8) After Finland had suffered the ter– ror of the Red Guards, the Swedish Red Cross bolstered up the Finnish relief organization by the creation of the Finnish Sanitary Battalion. Seven- ty-five per cent of the Finnish sani- tary personnel were behind the “Red” lines. T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN - 3 DESERT SCOURED FOR ARMENIA Deported Children of Stricken Land Are Being Hunted in Turkish Domain by Red Cross Aleppo (By Mail).-Several thou- sand stolen children have been re- stored to their Armenian parents dur- ing the past few months through the efforts of the American workers in this country. From the shores of the Black Sea to the Arabian desert, American Red Cross personnel have been searching Turkish homes for Armenian children. As the Armenians, who were de- ported by thousands from their homes in the north into the barren country to the south, slowly make their way back, they look to American Red Cross stations along their route for all sorts of help. Their principal appeal is for the restoration of their children. Four years ago, as they were driven in bands through these Turkish towns, into the desert to die, the Turks stole any child or girl who took their fancy. As these bereaved parents return, they begin the search for their kidnapped children. The Americans have obtained the right to search any Turkish home sus- pected of holding an Armenian child or girl in bondage. They have not had N § out the country, was established here some months ago by the Red Cross. Every day young Armenian girls, some as young as fourteen years, have straggled in, dressed in the clothes worn in Mohammedan harems. They have escaped their Turkish masters and seek refuge with the Americans in the hope of finding their lost rela- tives. Many a happy reunion has GHAPTER AD REACHES WARSAW Shipment Valued at $1,000,000 Ar- rives in Devastated Poland–Bal- tic Provinces To Be Assisted The arrival at Warsaw of three freight cars full of sweaters made by chapter members of the American Red N sº a | N | º w SOME OF THE MOST CONSTRUCTIVE POST"-WAR WORK BY THE RED CROSS AT HOME HAS BEEN DONE IN THE CONVALESCENT HOUSES WHERE MORALE IS BUILT UP. THE RECREATIONAL § CARRYING A LITTLE ENTERTAINMENT TO THE BED SIDE. THE RECREATION WORPº TOUCHES EVERY DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITAL AND CAMP an easy time of it, but many are the prayers offered up by Armenian par- ents in thanks to the Red Cross work- ers for restoring lost children. A refuge, typical of others through- been witnessed between mother and daughter at this Red Cross refuge, which is part of the work recently taken over by the Committee for Re- 1ief in the Near East. MIAN IS ON THE JOB. EARLY AND LATE Cross, for distribution among the des- titute of Poland east of the River Bug, has been reported to National Head- quarters in Washington. The sweat- ers were a part of the eighth train- load of relief supplies sent by the organization to the devastated country, the entire shipment being valued at $1,000,000. The train consisted of forty-six cars, nine containing food, the others cloth- ing, medicines and hospital and other supplies. The territory east of the Bug, where these supplies will be distributed, has been found the most terribly afflicted by the war in all Poland. Here there is the greatest suffering from typhus and hunger and at the supplication of the general staff of the Polish Army, American relief is being concentrated in this district. A fund of $70,000 for general re- lief work in the Baltic provinces, in- cluding Esthonia and Lithuania, has been authorized by the Red Cross. Of this amount $50,000 was taken from the appropriation for the relief of Russian and Allied prisoners in Ger- many, which was found larger than the situation demanded. 4 * THE RED CRoss B UL LET IN => x– THE RED CROSS BIIFTIN PluſBLISHED WEEELY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR Fºº- National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Jo HN SKELTON WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary LIVINGSTON FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLouGHBY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., AUGUST 18, 1919 Wanted: One Million Workers Organization and Publicity These are the names of the two pillars which must support the arch in the Third Red Cross Roll Call for members and drive for $15,000,000 this fall. - In order that the roster of Amer- ican humanitarianism may be thor- oughly representative of this vast and rich nation, an organization that will extend along all the byways as well as the highways is absolutely essen- tial. Organization, then, is the first big step. It is roughly estimated that one million volunteer workers, who can give generously of their time, are needed for early mobilization and coaching for the intensive campaign which will take place during the period beginning November 2 and end- ing the evening of November 11, Armistice Day. The preliminaries necessary to the perfection of an or- ganization of one million workers are being directed from National Head- quarters, from which text posters are being sent to every postoffice, telegraph office and public library in the land. In enrolling workers, service mem are wanted in unlimited numbers. You’ll find friends of the Red Cross among them and willing workers, too. Get the men in uniform into this roll call and drive, and your local cam- paign will go from the start. Men and women who can speak and write and serve in semi-executive capacities during the campaign should be on the job, primed for real American action, weeks ahead of the designated ten days. And when this organization is on the job, the slogan of paramount im- portance is one word—Publicity. So, with proper organization and publicity, this roll call and drive in behalf of peace-time preparedness for Our Red Cross—for the countless benefits of home service for the fam- ilies of soldiers, sailors and marines, a service that is to be extended in many instances to civilian families; public health nursing, epidemic preven- tion work, domestic disaster relief, and the completion of certain remain- ing obligations to destitute war-suffer- ers abroad—will be the great success which it is urgent it should be. Legion of Honor for Dr. Strong When North China was in the grip of a pneumonic plague that garnered human victims by hundreds of thou- Sands, a quiet-mannered medical scien- tist fared forth from America on be- half of his government and the Amer- ican Red Cross and at the Mukden conference of 1911 helped to end the rampant, terrifying epidemic. When Serbia lost 150,000 soldiers and citizens from typhus, including over 50 per cent of her medical per- sonnel, in the winter of 1914-15, this same retiring scientist, wearing a Red Cross uniform and with ample re- Sources from America, cleaned up the entire country—wiped out the plague. Now the French Government an- nounces that Dr. Richard Pearson Strong, of Boston, world-wide author- ity on epidemics and tropical diseases, has been made an officer of the Legion of Honor. And the ceremony took place in the Place des Invalides, with military and public pomp. For this Scientist, whose retiring disposition in public wholly belies the dynamo of energy, ability and fearlessness in his make-up, the ceremony in the Place des Invalides was probably more of an ordeal than the battle with the Manchurian plague, but he will carry the great honor well for himself and America. I - - She of the Red Cross BY JAMES HAY, JR. She fulfills the dramatic destiny of WOman, Because she stands, valiant, in the presence of pestilence, And faces woe unafraid, - And binds up the wounds made by the wars of men. - She fights to defeat pain, And to conquer torture, And to cheat death of his untimely prey. And her combat is for neither glory nor gain, but, with charity and mercy and compassion as her weapons, she storms incessantly the ramparts of grief. - There thrills through her life never the sharp, sudden thunder of the charge, never the swift and ardent rush of the short, decisive conflict— the tumult of applauding nations does not reach her ears—and the courage that holds her heart high comes from the voice of her own invincible soul. She fulfills the dramatic destiny of woman because, reared to await the homage of man and to receive his service, she becomes, when the war trumps sound, the servitor of the world, And because, whenever men have gone into battle, women have borne the real burden of the fray, And because, since the beginning of time, man when he is hurt or maimed turns to her and finds, in her tender- ness, the consolation and the comfort which she alone can give. - Thus, She of the Red Cross stands today, as woman has stood always, the most romantic, the most courag- eous and the most merciful figure in all history. - She is the Valor of the World. —Reprinted from THE RED CRoss MAGAZINE for June, 1915. (Continued from page 1) the child to the woman who would sacrifice her claim to save the child’s life. The Red Cross officer, sitting in Solomon's place last month, didn't use quite such dramatic methods—but he got just as good results. He sought to have the child identify its mother in some way. Finally he in- duced the woman to chant some old lullabies that she had sung to her baby in its infancy. The mother be- gan to sing and the child remem- bered the voice and the songs. “Solomon has returned among us,” was the verdict of the Armenian refugees about the place. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HAPPINESS FOR BENIGHTED TOTS Four American Girls Carry New Lease on Life to Isolated Starvlings in Siberia By MAJ. KENDALL EMERSON, U. S. A. Five hundred dead from exposure Such was the S. O. S. that reached American Red Cross Headquarters in Vladivostok before the first of last December. The call came from Tomsk, the University City of Siberia, a center of learning, and situated in a wealthy district. For the latter reason, no doubt, it had suffered from an extraordinary drenching of refugees when the tempest of fugitives first swept eastward from European Russia. Years ago when the Trans-Siberian Railroad was put through, a bonus was asked of fifty thousand roubles by the railroad engineers to put the road into the town. The mayor refused and the railroad was located forty miles south, a branch line running up to Tomsk. Many times since, the mayor has been hung in effigy by an indig- nant populace which has suffered con- tinually from its isolation. And partly for this reason refugees once arrived found the greatest difficulty in leav- ing even though food and shelter failed them in the city. - The Siberian Commission of the Red Cross was sadly short of man power at this moment, but it had something better—woman power— available. So four of the best type of America’s most priceless product were dispatched with a few carloads of supplies and no instructions save to stop the trouble, whatever it was. And they did. Consul D'Ille received them and helped them find an abiding place in a rickety old hotel, giving § º º º º º - - ---------- § THE BEAMING FACE OF THIS SIBERIAN PEASANT WOMAN IS A RELIEF STORY IN IT'SELF them the use of part of his consulate for their office. Mr. Gibson, an Eng- lish mining engineer, was pressed into service and both these volunteers helped much in starting the organiza- tion, as they had been long-time resi- dents in Siberia and spoke Russian freely. Together, this committee of six bolstered up the flagging courage of the distracted city officials, secured Russian workers to assist them and began their campaign. WOMEN START INDUSTRY By this time the winter crowding had hatched typhus and the care of the sick complicated relief work. None of these girls was a nurse and no doctors could be supplied. Nothing daunted, these women acted as both, adding scientific sanitation to their newly acquired accomplishments. Miss Matthew was in charge of the work and directed distribution of supplies, housing, cleansing of barracks and employment, assisted by Mrs. Stier and Miss Appenzeller, while Miss McKin- non opened a sewing room for women and succeeded in commandeering twenty sewing machines and later twenty more, all foot-power machines, and all busy every working hour of the day. In March we saw this sewing room in full swing with piles of the much needed garments growing day by day under the nimble fingers of the refugee women, who worked with faces alight and joyful in the com- fortable great room secured for the purpose. Fortunately there are large immi- gration barracks at Tomsk and these were fully packed with families, hun- gry still, to be sure, but no longer starving. By following methods fa- miliar at a sardine packing plant, Miss Matthew moved in rotation the dwell- ers in one building temporarily into another, stacking them two deep for the moment when necessary. Then the first barracks was fumigated, scrubbed, white- washed and repaired; the same general line of treat- ment was administered to its former inhabitants and they were returned sleek and new-clad to the re- habilitated home. So the typhus situation was met and was in a fair way to be Overcome; so the general health was improved and the morale raised. A neat little hospital has been established, its equip- ment pathetically scanty, but its conception right and with the hoped-for person- nel and supplies it will en- hance still further the ef- º § § § s § ONE OF THE FOUR-MIHSS MATTHEW –WHO CARRIED RED CROSS SUC- COR TO DESTITUTE WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN FROZEN TOMISK fectiveness of the housing scheme. In one crowded home, consisting of a room 15 feet square and swarming with children, we came upon a little lad in bed with acute tuberculosis of the spine. No treatment had been given and his back was slowly grow- ing more deformed until paralysis of the legs had begun. The simplest medical knowledge could have pre- vented this if taken in time. In an- other home was a girl of 14 with the face of an angel and an expression of eager intelligence. She begged Miss Matthew for some work at the office to help support the family, but when questioned confessed that she could neither read nor write. On being mildly chided for this, her dark eyes filled with tears and she answered, “It’s not my fault. I never had a chance.” She summed up in one phrase the whole sorry spectacle of the Russia of today. CHILDREN WITHOUT A CHANCE In the worst home lived several fam- ilies with eight or ten children, all barefoot and clad only in the thinnest rags, while a wintry blizzard howled outside. For months they had been unable to get a breath of fresh air for the bitter cold, unable to go to school, their bloodless faces and pinched little arms and legs bearing eloquent witness to their dearth of adequate food. On a bed of planks in one corner lay a young mother, too ill to raise her head, feebly pressing to her shrunken breast a baby of six weeks, a little old man of a baby already gaunt and gray with that aged eye-weariness that spells starvation in these tiny mites. With the entrance into that squalor of those four clean, hearty American Red Cross girls came an instant trans- formation. “Zdrasvityes” were said, (Continued on page 8) 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Miss NOYES DIRECTs MURSING Successor to Late Jane Delano Is President of Nurses’ Association and Has Had Broad Experience Miss Clara D. Noyes, Director of the Bureau of Field Nursing Service of the American Red Cross, which as- signed approximately twenty thou- sand American nurses to war service, has been appointed Director of the Department of Nursing, to succeed the late Miss Jane A. Delano. Miss Noyes has been Acting Director since December, 1918. Miss Noyes has had long experience in administrative nursing activities, both with the Red Cross and outside. A graduate of the Johns Hopkins Training School, she was for some years Superintendent of Nurses at the Hospital for Women and Children, Boston, Mass., and later Superintend- ent of St. Luke's Hospital and Train- ing School, New Bedford, Mass., leav- ing there in 1910 to become General Superintendent of Bellevue and Allied Hospitals Training Schools, New York City. She was President of the National League of Nursing Education from 1913 to 1916 and President of the Board of Directors of the American Journal of Nursing from 1913 to 1919. She became affiliated with the Red Cross in 1916, as Director of the Bureau of Nursing, under the De- partment of Military Relief, where she organized the nurses for the first base hospital units and standardized the making of surgical dressings, a work later transferred to the Bureau of Chapter Production. Upon America's entry into the war, the Bureau of Nursing was unable to meet its tre- mendously increas- ing activities, and #9; the Depart- ment of Nursing was created, and Miss Noyes took charge of the as- sign ment and equipment of all Red Cross nurses for Army, Navy and Red Cross service in this country and over- SeaS. M is s Noyes, whose home is in Lyme, Conn., has been decorated with the Patriotic Serv- ice Medal of the American Social Science Associa- º tion, and the Coun- cil of the National Institute of Social | | § º § % % % - MISS CLARA. D. NOYES, SUCCESSOR TO THE LATE JANE A. DEHANO AS IX IRECTOR OF THE A. R. C. DE- PARTMENT OF NUR SING Sciences. She is now President of the American Nurses’ Association. MISS FOX HEADS BUREAU Miss Elizabeth G. Fox, Associate Director of the Bureau of Public Health Nursing, upon the resignation of Miss Mary S. Gardner, has been appointed Director of this Bureau, Miss Fox, who was graduated from the University of Wisconsin with honors, received her nursing training at Johns Hopkins Training School, where she held the Senior Scholar- ship. The thrice a month visits of Amer– ican Red Cross relief workers in re- mote parts of Serbia have become a gala occasion in the villages. SCENE ALONG THE PICTURESQUE DALMATIAN COAST. THE BUILDING IN THE FOREGROUND IS USED AS A RED CROSS HOSPITAL AMERICAN GIRL TYPHUS MARTYR Famine and Plague Operate Hand in Hand in Russian Caucasus, Writes Miss Know A startling picture of conditions in the Russian Caucasian Mountains is drawn in a letter just received here from an American Red Cross nurse serving in Armenia and Syria, Miss Blanche Know, who reveals a death rate at one place of two hundred daily in a refugee population of 60,000. “At Alexandropol, in Russian Asia, which extends in a long finger of land between the Black and Caspian Seas,” writes Miss Know, “the people are dying of starvation, dysentery and typhus. Part of the town was blown up by the Turks when they left and the refugees, over 60,000, swarm over the ruins. Two hundred die every day. I never imagined such desola- tion and misery. The refugees walk and crawl over the muddy, filthy streets, blind with starvation, while those who can see go with their eyes glued to the ground hoping to find a morsel of food. I saw boys grubbing the cemetery for roots of grass to gnaw.” Conditions are improving, however, Miss Know continues, describing an orphanage sheltering 700 children and a new hospital in which 67 children are being treated. “You should see these little waifs thrive on their pound of bread and their bowl of soup made of rice, water and oil,” she adds. Miss Know also tells of the death of an American girl, a martyr for humanity. “It is just a week today since one of our Red Cross nurses, Edith Win- chester, of Phila- déphia, died of typhus,” she writes. “She was buried in the Armenian cem- etery among the flowering locusts, with m a je stic, snow-crow n e d Mount A r a r a t looking down on the new grave of an American who gave her life for the Armenians.” Put your heart in the Red Cross Ro11 Ca11 for No- vember 2 to 11, and don’t let your purse trail far be- hind your heart! T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 THORN WREATH IS NOW ROSES Bohemian Poster Tells Story of New Joy Brought Into Lives of Sturdy Race By LouTSE EBERLE Prague (By Mail).-There is a poster that one used to see in Bohemia. At the top there was a red heart sur- rounded by a wreath of thorns. Be- low, a country woman was putting bread into the hands of two children, evidently from the town. This is the story of the poster. During the war, while Czecho-Slo- vakia was still a possession of Austria, the Austrians consistently sacked that part of the country, and the prospects were that the children would perish. The Czechs could not get supplies from the outside, of course. Being a strong, vital race, though, they could stand a lot. But things looked fatal for the children. So the people of Bohemia organized the Ceska Srdco. Don’t try to pro- nounce it. Say it in English, instead— the Bohemian Heart. The country people were a little better off than those in the city, for they had produce on the place, and could manage to conceal a certain amount of it from the Austrians. So the Bohemian Heart sought out homes in the country where city children could be taken for long or short periods, according to their need. This meant life for the children. But the difficulties of carrying out the work, under Austrian repression, were so great that the symbol was fitting — the heart surro un ded by thorns. Then America, through the Red Cross and the American Relief Administration, be- gan feeding the children of Bohe- mia. And since then there has been noticed a signifi- cant change in the Ceska Srdco em- blem. Not long ago, a great group of children carried it, at a celebration in Prague. The same red heart— yes, to give to them its all. But this time it was sur- rounded by wreath of roses § º In Grand Pré Today Grand Pré! Where have we heard it before? Of course, “the village of Grand Pré . . .”, “. . . the murmur- ing pines and the hemlocks”—old lamplit evenings when we laboriously committed the hexameters to memory. Our sentiment goes out easily to this little town on the Aire, lying prone like a village of cards that a breath has destroyed. Its wreckage chokes the little river that sings its way to the sea. The Grand Pré of the hexameters was sad, too, and there were “de- portes” then, too—but oh, the Grand Pré of France, little village on the winding river, where American sol- diers camp, impatiently guarding piles of rubbish that no one wants to steal Vagrant winds blow the white dust along the lost roads like wraiths in the twilight. There is no sound save the firm tread of soldier feet and the call of a belated bird. Under the full moon, the notes of a bugle fall in sweet cadence, sounding “taps.” One by one the lights in the camp disap- pear; only the sentries and the moon are left to watch over the lost village Of Grand Pré. “Right hand to partners” and “Swing your ladies” had to be sung Out in three languages, English, French and Arabic, by the prompters at the farewell party given the Amer- ican Red Cross Commission to Pales- tine in Jerusalem recently, owing to the presence of delegations from the British, Syrian and French colonies. HOMELESS YOUNG STERS IN THE GRAND PRE OF TODAY. BUT GRAND PRE IS RISING FROM ITS HUN-STREWN ASHES MUD WALLOWS ARE HYGIENIC Relief Workers in Esthonia Meet Soap Shortage With Ingenious Scheme, Says “Le Figaro” An old proverb says: “Mud does not stain.” It might be completed by: “It even serves as soap, at least in Esthonia.” There are from three to five mil- lion inhabitants in Esthonia who have 110 SOap. It is difficult, in a country where there is such a lack of transporta- tion facilities, to assure sufficient quantities of a necessary product to a population which is greatly in need of other things beside. That is why the American Red Cross, while wait- ing for new supplies of soap, has in- stituted mud baths. Esthonian mud has no healing powers, but thanks to regular mud baths, public hygiene has improved in this country. A very simple thing; but it had to be thought of.-From Le Figaro, Paris. Comforts from D. C. Chapter Shell-shock victims of the war who are receiving treatment at St. Eliza- beth's Hospital, District of Columbia, have been the beneficiaries of repeated attentions bestowed during the sum- mer by the Comforts Section of the District of Columbia Chapter of the Red Cross. Picnic luncheons have been a feature. These attentions in most cases are of the greatest thera- peutic value to the patients, and the Comforts Section has “carried on" in the season of the year when many workers have felt the call of the va- cation spirit. Filled and un- filled kits, bedside bags, comfort pil- lows, a fgh a ns, playing cards, can- dy, chewing gum, cigarettes, soap, d r in king cups, magazines, stump socks, are among the list of gifts to the convalescent fighting men at Walter Reed Hos- pital, as well as at St. Elizabeth's, which the District Comfort Section supplied during the month of July. - § 8 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN Turks Exterminate Ninety Per Cent Ninety per cent of the population of interior Armenia has been exter- minated by the privations, exile and massacres incident to domination by the Turks, according to a survey by Maj. William S. Dodd, of Montclair, N. J., of the American Red Cross Commission to Palestine. “We found the Armenians are still living in great fear of the Turks,” re- ports Major Dodd. “They seemed to have food, at least in the western dis- tricts, but are in great need of cloth- ing and still greater need of security from Turkish influence. They have no agricultural implements or household equipment, as the Turks have taken everything of value from them,” The British authorities are repatriat- ing the exiled Armenians as rapidly as possible, many of these refugees pass- ing through Aleppo, where the Amer- ican Red Cross maintained a large re- lief station. Suffering in Serbia Relieved (Continued from page 2) lages people dying of typhus had to sleep on hard boards. There were no beds or blankets. Many of the hos- pitals were without food, medicines or linen. Patients were brought in to live or die, as fate might dictate. In one institution one of our doctors ob- served a patient gnawing an ear of dried corn. It was the only food in the place. Throughout the country there were serious outbreaks of small- pox, typhus and pellagra. Of every 100 infants that came into the world, more than fifty died. In many places the death rate ran as high as 80 in 100. “Today this is changed. The poor are eating bread made from American flour. The babies are getting American condensed milk. The sick are being cared for. Every destitute person in the country knows that when he is hungry he can come to one of the many Red Cross canteens and get a full meal. Hundreds of thousands of ar- ticles of clothing have been distributed. The hospitals have been helped. Orphanages have been established. Dispensaries where the poor may re- ceive treatment have been opened. The spread of typhus and smallpox is being checked. Sewing rooms have been opened to give employment to the great number of women who have lost husbands or relatives in the war.” Happiness for Benighted Tots (Continued from page 5) the little lads shook hands, the lassies courtesied demurely, while into every hopeless face returned a sensient gleam of life, the look that reflects human sympathy, the expression reserved for a friend. Virtue had gone forth. The vivifying magnetism of those four dauntless girls has kept alive through a hideous winter many who without it would have perished on the scanty food and clothing that could be vouch- safed them. God bless them all ! No finer bit of rescue work has been done the world over than that accom- plished by this sturdy group of Amer- ican women who have wrought the impossible through faith. A “BOOM-A-LOOM BOOM" NEGRO SENTRY GUARDING A. R. C. SUP- PLIES IN SALONICA, GREECE Big Donation for Face Wounds An American hospital in Paris for the treatment of soldiers’ faces dis- figured by wounds has been made pos- sible by a donation to the American Red Cross of a fund totalling $32,- 742.95. The gift was made by the American National Committee for the Foundation of a Special American Hospital in Paris for the Wounds of the Face and Jaw. The cooperation of one of the foremost French face and jaw surgeons has already been obtained. Five thousand Czecho-Slovak sol- diers, veterans of years of terrible fighting and hardship, following their desertion from the Austrian Army to fight in the cause of freedom, are circling the globe, homeward-bound to their new republic, under the escort of American Red Cross workers. A detachment that recently passed through Washington was reviewed and addressed at the White House by President Wilson. But One Death. Among Czechs Of more than five hundred wounded and invalid Czecho-Slovak soldiers of the first contingent of veterans taken home to Bohemia from Vladivostok under escort of American Red Cross workers only one died during the long journey. Three larger groups of Czech survivors of the Siberian fight- ing are journeying toward the new Czech republic, cared for by Red Cross nurses, and another transport is about to leave Vladivostok with still another contingent. The first group of Czechs sent home traveled via Alexandria, Egypt, and Triest, to Prague. The only member of the party to die was buried at sea. The journey consumed sixty-three days and the Red Cross party, was cordially welcomed and thanked for its service by the throngs that wel- comed the triumphantly returning Czechs in the capital of the liberated nation. Polish Eagle on A. R. C. Uniforms Warsaw, Poland.—by authority of the General Staff of the Polish Army, all American personnel of the Amer- ican Red Cross in Poland are now entitled to wear the regular insignia of the Polish Army on the left shoul- der of the American Red Cross uni- form. The newly authorized shoulder in- signia is the national Polish Eagle, wrought in silver, with crown and talons of gold thread. The design is worked on a maroon background, Oval in shape, with a silver border. As a practical demonstration of gratitude for her liberation from Ger- man dominion, Lorraine is entertain- ing two hundred children from Rheims for the summer. Under an arrange- ment effected by the French com- mittee of the American Red Cross in the Department of Meurthe-et-Mo- selle, these youngsters' nerves, broken by their long nightmare in the con- stantly bombarded cathedral town, will be given full opportunity to regain their health by months of play and good food in Lorraine sunshine. War bread is only a memory in American homes, but until recently at least has been very much a reality in parts of Serbia and very crude food too compared with that used in this country even in the midst of hos- tilities. Here is a recipe American Red Cross workers found still fol- lowed by Serbian natives: Oats, peas, beans and husks—equal parts, ground. Hy 5 15 AA The Red Cro S-Soº. º º . *. . - * - * nº Lºw, or Micº. Aug 28 1919 ulletin Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST 25, 1919 No. 35 PEACE PROGRAM OF RED GROSS Home Service, Public Health, Disas- ter Relief, Are Bases for American Roll Call Following formal announcement of the Third Red Cross Roll Call, to be held November 2 to 11, when the American people will be asked to con- tribute $15,000,000 for the future work of the organization, an nities as possible, thus extending to the rural population the bedside nurs- ing, school inspection, classes in hy- giene and home nursing and search for tuberculosis and other preventable disease that has been so effective in the cities and larger towns. In this connection it is planned to offer to every woman in America in- struction in home hygiene, care of the sick and home dietetics, thus providing WAR RISK APPOINTS RED GROSS Will Be Clearing House for Com- munity Problems of Service Men, Cooperating With Others The American Red Cross was offi- cially designated as the clearance medium for all community problems of service men at a recent conference of the several national welfare agen- cies with Director Cholmeley- outline of the peace-time pro- gram of the American Red Cross is here given. Foremost will be nation-wide activity for the promotion of public health, and hand in hand with this crusade will go a vigorous cam- paign for the extension of the country's nursing resources, the broadening of Red Cross Home Service that in the war proved a tower of strength and helpful- ness through the assistance it was able to give the families of soldiers and sailors; to be of general usefulness where other social agencies are lacking; greatly increased Junior Red Cross activities; extension of Red Cross facilities for emer- gency disaster relief; completion of relief measures for the vic- tims of the war in this country and overseas, and preparation to fulfill whatever duties may be laid upon it as the official vol- unteer relief society authorized to assist the Army and Navy. The plan of the Red Cross public health campaign calls for THIS LITTLE CRIPPLED BOY, AN ENTHUSIASTIC MEM- BER OF THE JUNIOR RED CROSS IN CHICAGO, CAN GIVE INSPIRATION TO JUNIORS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY WHO ARE RAISING $500,000 FOR DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN RELHEF WORK. Jones, of the War Risk Bu- reau. The future policy will be one of closer cooperation be- tween these agencies and the Red Cross for the government bureau, with a view to avoiding the duplicating contacts of various organizations and con- gestion and duplication of effort. Experience having demon- strated that the Red Cross Home Service Sections are widespread and thoroughly trained in the regulations and methods of the Bureau, Director Cholmeley- Jones thought it best the Red Cross should become the clear- ing agency through which all complaints and inquiries regard- ing the difficulties of service men should pass. Most of the representatives agreed heartily with this plan, and in the future all community problems of service men will be cleared through local Home Service Sections. The Red Cross will make available to the various agencies blanks and forms which have been prepared cooperation with other existing health-promotion and disease-preven- tion organizations throughout the United States, acting by itself where no health agency now exists, in an effort to reduce the high mortality due to preventable disease and to im- prove general health conditions. Pub- lic health nursing will be one of the important features of this campaign. Red Cross public health nurses will be assigned to as many small commu- first-hand knowledge of how to keep the family well and what to do where illness or accident cannot be avoided. These courses are now being intro- duced in the public schools and col- leges and are offered department- store employees, factory operatives, girl scouts, nurse-maids and others, fitting them to help combat infant and child mortality, malnutrition, unsani- tary living conditions, preventable dis- (Continued on page 8) in cooperation with the War Risk Bureau. All such forms will be forwarded through the local Home Service Sections, checked against their records, thus preventing duplication at their source. Replies in all cases will be returned by the Red Cross to the original inquirer, through the or- ganization which handled its primarily. Organizations cooperating with the Red Cross may either secure the (Continued on page 8) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN DUTY TO DISABLED NOW OURs “Carry On,” Sturdy Little Magazine, Passes on After Useful Career of Ten Months Taps for Carry On! After ten monthly issues, each of which reverberated like a big gun throughout the length and breadth of º America in behalf of the disabled sol- diers, sailors and marines, Carry On has ceased to be. Launched as a tem- porary publication purely, this little magazine in its short span of life has served an intensely practical purpose in facilitating and making wholesome and agreeable the reconstruction of disabled fighting men. Its circulation was free and designed primarily to reach the disabled man and the mem- bers of his family. The active editorial board consisted of volunteer Army officers and sev- eral editors of note in civil life, a cooperating personnel which served entirely without pay under the direc- tion of the Division of Physical Re- construction in the office of the Sur- geon-General of the Army. The editors were aided by authors and ar- tists of note whose articles, stories and illustrations were donated to the good work. The success of Carry On was made possible by the enthusiastic co- operation of this unusual talent under the aegis of the Surgeon-General’s of— fice, and it was the privilege of the American Red Cross to meet the printing bills and incidental expenses. In its last issue Carry On carries a virile editorial admonishing the dis- § THERE'S NOTHING SO EFFECTIVE AND HEALTH BUILDING, ACCORDING TO RECREATIONAL EXPERTS OF THE RED CROSS, AS MAKING CONVALESCING º SOLDIERS FORGET THEIR. “TROUBLIES” IN A LITTLE OBJECTIVE PASTIME. HERE IS A SACK RACE AT FORT Meh ENRY, MD. abled soldier to come to the Red Cross the in time of trouble, and to that phase of the editorial this publication adds a hearty Amen. Under the caption, “A Promise,” the editorial reads: frightful disabilities of war wounds this mother's heart was filled with sadness and she yearned to shower pity upon these disabled sol- diers. But the stoicism, the cheerful- ness of most of the sufferers, the grit and determination to make good once more in spite of the handicaps, re- vealed a new side to the character of the American soldier and the grief of our people was turned to pride and joy. They realized that these dis- abled men were not down and out, were not seeking a soft berth and charity in the form of being kept for the rest of their lives by the Gov- ernment, but were only asking a chance to be physically restored as far as possible and retrained for new work whenever that was necessary. “Over there the Red Cross was your friend. It was the friend of the soldiers over here. And it was the friend, helper, and comforter of the soldiers’ families while they were away from home. Today and for years to come the American Red Cross stands ready to be your friend and counsellor. You men who are fighting to overcome the handicaps the result of the war will find in every community a Red Cross committee anxious to be of service to you in any Way. ‘This message is a promise—a promise from that mother of all sol- COME TO THE RED CROSS, MEN 1 “The American Red Cross is spoken of as the Greatest Mother to the American Soldier and Sailor. No prouder mother ever lived than she § | | º § § MORE OF THE SAME THING AT CAPE MAY, N. J., AND THESE HIGHSEAS BOYS PUT EVERY FIBRE OF THEIR BEING IN RECREATIONAL STUNTS when contemplating the spirit of serv- diers—the American Red Cross. She ice, the unselfishness, the manhood, is proud of you, of your spunk and and the prowess of her millions of determination to do it yourself, but SO11S. if you ever need her she is waiting “And after we had been in the war with open arms to give you the aid, awhile and our soldiers began to be the incentive, the comfort that you disabled by sickness and disease and crave,” then later they began to return with Carry on, America! T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - 3 LOWING couple LINKED TWICE Marriage and Christening Follow. War-time Romance, in Which Red Cross Promotes Happiness The Home Service Men and the Home Service Dames Have a lot of little things to do— Patching busted hearts and changing maidens' names, Brothering, mothering, and playing the gameS, Of doctor, lawyer, parson, too. There was a double religious cere- mony “somewhere in Pennsylvania” recently—a wedding and a chris- tening, with a deeply interested and joyous group of Red Cross Home Service workers looking on. The wedding was merely a religious con- firmation of a long-distance home- service rite which took place last year when the bridegroom was in France and the bride in A merica. The first marriage was entirely legal and proper, the bride signing the contract in the presence of Red Cross wit- nesses in this coun- try and the groom doing the same in the presence of his commanding officer and chaplain at the A. E. F. front. Red Cross Home Service accom- plished this and more: the soldier's allotment and the government allow- ance came regular- ly to the wife. The soldier succeeded in obtaining an early discharge from the service. Recently a son was born to the couple, who seemed exception- ally devoted to one another. The fam- ily wanted a second marriage ceremony in full religious form, and all details were left to the Red Cross Home Serv- ice Section that had cared for the wife and mother. A combination wedding and christening was there- fore held in the Home Service rooms. One of the Home Service work- ers, coming from the country, brought a large quantity of pink roses and white iris. These were banked in the end of the selected room around a table forming an altar. The minister § § º N § - AMERICA QUEEN MARIE OF ROUMANIA AMONG DESTITUTE ROUMANIANS. showed great interest in the ceremony and the Home Service personnel showed an unmistakable delight in the accomplishment which meant much to the principals. The report of the in- cident concludes with this statement: “The christening bowl used was furnished by a Home Service worker in whose family it had served a similar purpose for more than 150 years, but it is thought it never shared in a sweeter and more sacred ceremony.” Yanks Bring Archangels Petite daughters of La Belle France were not the only exotic brides taken by American soldiers who crossed the sea to fight in the cause of freedom. Reports reaching Washington show that eight doughboys of the American force recently withdrawn from Arch- angel and vicinity, found “the only girl in the world” in the person of dark-eyed “barishna” of North Rus- sia. These brides are now accom- panying the husbands the war brought to their Arctic homes to their future homes in the United States, the jour- ney and the necessities for it arranged for by the American Red Cross work- ers who accompanied the troops to Archangel. IS PERSONALLY AIDING THE RED CROSS COM- MISSION TO THE BALKANS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF RELIEE" SUPPLIES THE QUEEN HAS ARRANGED TO VISIT GOLDEN STAR IN FAR BOHEMIA Red Cross Chapter Furnished Flag for Soldier Who Had Given Life for U. S. Susice, Bohemia.-The custom of displaying a service star in the window of a soldier's home is peculiar to America. No European country has adopted it. It was therefore a great surprise to the delegates of the Amer- ican Red Cross when they arrived in Susice to see in the window of a little house near the railway station, a flag with a gold star—exactly like the golden stars which are seen in so many American homes. It was natural that the Americans should go over to the cottage and make some inquiries. The man who opened the door was very evidently . of German extrac- tion, but when he noticed the “U. S.” on the uniforms of the two young wo- men at the door, his face brightened and he exclaimed : “You are welcome 1 You have come about my son l’” A little ques- tioning showed that the flag with the golden star had been sent from a Red Cross chapter in America. The man’s eldest son had emigrated to A meric a many years ago, had en- listed in the Amer- ican army and had died in a hospital in France from a wound received at Chateau - Thierry. The first news of it had reached the aged father in a letter written by the Red Cross searcher in the hospital. The searcher had given all the details of the boy's brave fight, of his death and his burial, and had en- closed in her letter a spray of the ivy planted on the grave. Later on, a flag with a golden star had arrived from the boy's former home in America. | § - Is your community's health in- sured? Help Red Cross Roll Call, Nov. 2–11, the best community insurance! 4 T H E RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. second-class mail matter at the Post. Office at Washington - BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR *-* ---- N. National Officers . of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... President WILLIAM. H. Taft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. De Forest............. Vice-President JoBIN SKELTON WILLIAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Counselor STOCKTON AxSON. . . . . . . . . . ... e. e. g. e º e º a e º 'º Secretary I, IVINGSTON FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLOUGHBY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager washingtoN, D.C., AUGUST 25, 1919 The Peace Program Various articles in this issue of THE RED CROSS BULLETIN convey an idea of the multiplicity and the urgency of demands for Red Cross service in time of peace. The broadening of the Home Service phase of Red Cross work alone would justify an ener- getic campaign for a strong peace- time Red Cross, for a growing and almost boundless responsibility has been assumed. The best attention that human ef- fort can provide is going to be given the world-war fighting forces of the country, both those in and those out of the service, and in cooperating communities where there is no other relief agency, Red Cross Home Serv- ice will be extended to all civilian families in need of it. Over 75,000 discharged soldiers and sailors already have sought Red Cross assistance of one kind or of another—difficulties requiring both heart and mind for their solution. And now, formally, the Govern- ment's War Risk Bureau has desig- nated the American Red Cross as the clearing house for all community problems of service men, this being a big step in the direction of coordi- nating the work of the different na- tional welfare agencies in this par- ticular. doubled activity and alertness on the Application made for entry to the mails as W It makes necessary a re- part of home service sections of Red Cross chapters. That alertness is otherwise imperative was demon- strated in one deplorable case in which a shell-shock victim was being kept in a county jail temporarily, and was nominally classed not only as one mentally unbalanced, but as a crim- inal. Legal, financial, health, and other domestic problems all come within the purview of the home serv- ice section’s duties. . - The highest use of the nursing re- sources of the nation is to be made in connection with the public health plans of the Red Cross—in preventive work in town and country, in the promotion of sanitation and hygiene, in instruction in home care of the sick and dietetics. This, from the point of view of Red Cross authorities, should prove a boon to the country at large, and only an abundantly equipped organization can carry the plans as far as it is believed they should be carried. Disaster relief preparedness is an- other important consideration in the maintenance of a strong peace-time Red Cross, for when fires, mine ex- plosions, tornadoes, floods, and other so-called natural catastrophies come, it is the Red Cross, with its permanent organization and trained relief work- ers that promptly aids in alleviating the suffering and loss. No Red Cross function more than disaster relief calls for both strength and experience. These are but some of the major peace-time undertakings of the Red Cross at home, without any thought for the moment of the continuing obligations which the American Red Cross must meet in behalf of the dis- tressed populations of Poland, Ar- menia, and other distant lands where a gradual withdrawal of Americans is proceeding. There must be a cleaning up of what were once large foreign relief operations, and this can be done gradually only—an activity which will be facilitated, though pro- longed somewhat, by the delivery to the Red Cross of certain Army med- ical and surgical stores in Europe. On the whole, a future of great and practical usefulness is before the offi- cial volunteer relief agency of the relief achievements. United States Government, having, it is assured, the whole-hearted support of the American people. And these are urged to place and replace their names on the roster of Americanism and humanitarianism when the Third Red Cross Roll Call and drive for $15,000,000, combined, take place No- vember 2-11, inclusive. Esthonian Red Cross, Welcome! A new member has arrived in the Red Cross family through the relief activities of the American Red Cross in Esthonia. The Esthonian Red Cross, patterned after the American organization, came into being through the joint efforts of the American workers and a native philanthropist whose interest was aroused by their He formed a small committee and set to work, aided by American supplies. The Esthonian Red Cross now has active Supervision of ten hospitals with a total of nearly a thousand beds, be- sides maintaining two homes for sol- diers and three nursing stations near the front. Russia Sends Thanks The thanks of the Omsk Govern- ment for the work of the American Red Cross in behalf of the Russian people have been formally tendered through the State Department. Ad- dressing the Acting Secretary of State, S. Ughet, charge d'affairs, ad interim, of Russia, sent this letter: “It is of great satisfaction to me to be in receipt today of a cable from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Omsk, requesting me to express to the American Red Cross Admiral Kol- chak's deep gratitude for its activi- ties in Siberia. The unselfish and de- voted work of the American Red Cross has greatly relieved the suffer- ings of the people in Siberia and I am convinced has been an important fac- tor in strengthening the ties of friend- ship between the United States and Russia.” Baseball is too “complicated” to become the national sport in Serbia, report American Red Cross workers who have sought to introduce the game in their child-welfare program, but they find the children do like a modified form of “one-eyed cat.” THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN AMERICAN RELIEF FOR POLAND TO CONTINUE A. R. C. Will Help Struggling Republic Wherever Necessary Throughout Coming Autumn —U. S. Army Sanitary Commission Enters Field — Suffering and Privation Still Prevail to Large Extent (Special Correspondence) Warsaw.—An announcement issued from the headquarters of the Amer- ican Red Cross here says that the re- lief work which has been so needfully carried on in various parts of Poland, is to be continued, wherever neces- sary, throughout the coming autumn. The fact that the Polish Government is taking over certain parts of the American activities had led to rumors that the Red Cross was withdrawing. But today’s announcement makes it clear that, in accordance with its policy, the Red Cross is only moving on into new fields of activity. The policy of American relief work is to establish relief activities wherever great need exists, but then to encour- age local agencies to take over the work and carry it on. This policy has been very success- ful in Poland, under the direction of Col. Walter C. Bailey of Boston, who is now returning home after two years of work with the Red Cross. His work is to be continued along the same lines by the new Commissioner, Major A. J. Chesley, of Minneapolis. Dr. Chesley is one of the foremost public health authorities in the United States. He has been connected with the Polish mission for several months and his familiarity with the country’s conditions and needs ensures contin- ued able leadership of the mission’s activities. RED CROSS BLAZES TRAIL When the sanitary commission of the United States Army arrives in Poland to aid in the typhus epidemic that is sweeping the country, it will find the people in many places using modern steam sterilizers, hot-air disin- fectors and other sanitary equipment brought into use by the American Red Cross. The Army commission will supplement these supplies and continue the work in active coopera- tion with the Polish Government and the Red Cross. The two latter or- ganizations have been at work for the past five months. - The Army Commission plans to en- large greatly upon the program of the Red Cross and for this purpose it will import large quantities of sani- tary equipment formerly used by the American Army in France and which are now being transported across Ger- many. Some of the items include 6,000 clippers, 30 mobile laundries, 50,000 flat-irons, for clothes. There are also many carloads of clothing, bed linen and Soap. The American Red Cross was the first to bring big portable baths to Poland. It also brought into use hun- dreds of disinfectors which had been abandoned by the enemy after their evacuation of Poland. With the aid of carpenters and plumbers from the Polish army, it set up hundreds of these baths and disinfectors. Its per- sonnel of 100 has been making great inroads on the typhus epidemic, and has enlisted the aid of 300 Polish per- sonnel, mostly young women who have been taught the rudiments of Amer- ican ideas on hygiene. Thus after a month the Americans were in many places to leave the work of these san- itary units exclusively to Polish per- Sonnel. - Lasting evidence of the crusade be- gun by the Red Cross is found in || towns like Kielce, Lodz and Lublin, where the people have started their own health organizations patterned after those in American cities. This was the outgrowth of a series of lec- tures delivered by physicians sent in by the Red Cross, who found the peo- ple eager to grapple with their own health problem. All they wanted was encouragement and advice. In most cases they have started funds and laid the foundations for permanent health work. They are proud to tell that their inspiration came from the Americans. - AN EMERGENCY HOSPITAL With less equipment than the av- erage American barber requires to administer a shave and haircut, a Polish doctor and two nurses are run- ning a military hospital and clearing- station near the railroad depot, Pinsk. This is the operating room equip- ment found by the American Red Cross at this place: A pair of hair clippers, a pair of curved scissors, four pairs of forceps, two basins, a few dressings, half a roll of absorbent cot- ton and some camphor and oil. Until the Americans came with ad- ditional supplies, the clearing-station had ten beds, five of them with no springs, mattresses or bedding. Many wounded soldiers had to lie on bare boards. The surgeon had no operat- ing gowns to guard against infection in the operating room. There was practically no linen or blankets. “Everything seemed very clean and well kept, considering the little with which they had to do,” said the Amer- ican doctor who conveyed the Sup- plies. - - Inspectors of the Red Cross are constantly traveling over Poland, visiting and reporting on the needs of the hospitals and welfare institutions. American assistance, in the form of food, clothing and bedding, medical supplies and surgical equipment, goes on their recommendation, to the place where the persons in charge are making the best use of what means they already have, and where their responsibility and capacity for doing better work with increased facilities is evident. WOOD QUEUES IN POLAND Almost every one has seen soup and bread “queues,” baseball and football lines. Food lines or lines of other kinds have been familiar throughout the war in Europe. There have been chocolate and tobacco lines in France, Sugar and butter queues in England. There have been more baseball and football lines in the United States where the food shortage was never so acute. But it was left for members of the American Red Cross Mission to Po- land to discover a new line in a small village near Pinsk, on the edge of the Pripet marshes—a wood line. The shortage of coal and all other kinds of fuel is very acute in Poland. Wood is practically the only source of fuel. It is very expensive and has to be rationed. It is the first place the Americans have discovered that wood is sold by weight. Even in the pre-war days of plenty, wood was sold in this manner. The wood peddler signaled his approach by blowing a horn of native make. He carried his goods in a dogcart and weighed it before his customer on a crude scale. He sold 100 pounds for five cents. Now the same amount costs 25 cents when it is obtainable. Announcing his policy upon assum- ing direction of the work of the Amer- ican Red Cross in France, Colonel Burr said: “I shall handle the job the best I know how. The policies upon which Colonel Gibson has pro- ceeded will be continued with, I hope, Some of the energy and ability he had put into their formulation and execu- tion. Our work is not finished and one of my greatest aspirations is so to administer the continuation of it that when we do leave France it will be with Satisfaction in our accomplish- ment and with the good-will and de- Served appreciation of those we have tried to serve.” - . . 6 - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN SHELL-SH0(;K SOLDIER IN JAIL Case Crudely Handled in One State Reveals Urgency of Home Service Activities That the end of Red Cross Home Service is not yet in sight is indicated by the fact that approximately 76,636 discharged disabled service men have applied to the Home Service Sections and received the attention of the After Care Bureau, according to re- ports from divisions recently compiled to include July 31. To quote a letter of Mr. J. L. Fieser, Associate Director General of Civilian Relief: “So long as the Home Serv- ice Section exists these men shall have the very best service human effort can af- ford.” Certainly this aim can only be ful- filled when as far as possible every disabled man is enjoying self- respecting, productive, happy living conditions. The service ranges from clerical work in filing papers with the departments at Wash- ington to harvesting a wheat crop for the sol- dier's aged parents. Even state laws have to be overcome. A Middle Western State's laws were so compli- cated that recently a shell-shocked soldier whose mind had be- come deranged was held two nights in a county jail while wait- ing for assignment to a state institution by the probate judge. More than 12,000 of these disabled soldiers were suffering from tuber- culosis, and hundreds of them had to be persuaded, and tactfully urged to accept treatment. A Red Cross worker in a little Louisiana town who had been three times driven violently from the door of a tubercular soldier could not rest until she had gained admission. The parents refused all aid and would let no one across the threshold. Finally the persistent worker sent her little daughter with a bunch of huge red roses, saying, “They're from the Red Cross lady.” The soldier who had known the care of the Red Cross in France through months of suffering from the effects of poisonous gas, heard the message. Hopeless and despondent, though he had been, the thought of a § DIRECT FROM MINNESOTA MILLS TO SALONICA, GREECE, THIS AMERICAN FLOUR IS RELIEVING THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS Red Cross lady within reach again gave him new hope. It was not long before the old father was knocking at the Home Service worker’s front door. “The boy's perked up and won’t have nothin' but you must come,” he said. Today the soldier is one of the patients at the Public Health Hospital at Alexandria, and the last report told of steady recovery. The distress of these discharged men range from “trench feet” to hook- worm. Most of them discovered in a few months that they were unable to resume their former occupations. For them in most of the larger sections a special After Care office has been opened, with a strong, virile man in STARVATION CONDITIONS charge. For them Red Cross stands ready to “go the limit” that not only their needs, but their every reasonable want shall be satisfied. The Serbian Red Cross is instituting throughout Serbia a series of “cottage infirmaries,” or first-aid depots, with complete emergency relief equipment is on hand at all times, while “relief camions” patrol the devastated regions of the country. The first chickens hatched in devas- tated Douai since the war swept over that French town are sticking their fuzzy yellow heads through the shells in American incubators donated to the town by the American Red Cross, and the incubators are the chief point of interest for the entire juvenile popu- lation. IN G00PERATION HELPS HOLY LAND British Army Aids American Red Cross in Recovering Stolen Ar- menian Children from Turks Aleppo.—Working hand in hand, American Red Cross and the British Army of Occupation have been doing a great deal for the people of the Holy Land. When the Red Cross proposed es- tablishing its orphanage here for Ar- menian children who had lost their parents in the wholesale deportations into the desert, the British Army of— fered to supply the necessary tents and erect them. Seven hundred chil- dren find shelter and comfort as a result of this coopera- tion. As the town became crowded with refugees, penniless and destitute, the Americans and British set up an em- ployment bureau and hired anyone who wanted work, building and improving roads throughout the district. The expenses were shared half and half. In their efforts to restore children stolen by the Turks from the Armenian refugees, the Red Cross has had the utmost support and co- operation of the Brit- ish Army. If a Turk declined to give up a girl or child that he had taken from the Armenians, the Red Cross workers had only to appeal to the British for help to release the child from bondage. MACE DONIA. Grateful for Pest Deliverance As an offering of thanksgiving at their deliverance from a pest of grass- hoppers, from which they have finally saved their crops, the farmers of Alli- son District, La Plata County, Colo- rado, have donated the remainder of their grasshopper war fund to the re- lief of famine in Europe. In a letter to the American Red Cross, enclosing the check for $90, the farmers wrote: “It is the wish of the donors that their small gift be applied to famine relief in sections that have heretofore had to be left without relief for some such reasons as lack of appropriation or lack of transportation; in short, to some section where conditions aer par- ticularly severe at present.” T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 CORPORAL CRAIG, AMERICAN This Doughboy Has Made Great Sacrifice in Liberty's Cause— Gives Food for Thought . If you had your right leg cut off, the left one fractured, your left eye out, and right eye in none too good shape, with your right arm in a cast— all on account of a certain high ex- plosive shell in the little war just past —how do you suppose you would feel? That's just the point. The chances are about 50 to 1 that you wouldn't have one-tenth the good spirits that one of Walter Reed's star patients has, down in Ward 59. Corp. Wm. Craig is that patient. He tried to make the nurse promise and the newsmonger promise, and everyone promise that his name would not go into print. He is a most modest hero, and that makes his case all the more commend- able. But Craig has too much of the fine op- timistic spirit of the hero on his back, too many visitors, too many persons who want to wait on him, and who love him, to keep out of the lime- light, as much as he may distaste a little harmless publicity. “In my opinion,” said a Red Cross vis- itor, “he is about the most remarkable pa- tient in all the wards I see. He has ‘loads’ of people coming to see him, and they are always bringing him gifts and things to eat. He has a wonderful spirit, too, and knows everything that is going on. His aunt comes to see him every day, and reads to him. He can’t read on account of his eyes.” - Another fair visitor of the Red Cross spoke. “Yes, I consider him among the most remarkable patients I see on my rounds,” she said. “Is he cheerful ?” “Wonderfully cheerful—but then all the boys are jolly. Did you ever see such a happy crew P All the pa- tients are cheerful around this hos- pital.” - It developed that the young man is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh, and a writer.—From The º § º - END OF THIS STREET. REDUCED Come Back, published by Disabled Soldiers in Walter Reed Hospital, District of Columbia. No Speed Limit Here It is his indomitable sense of humor that has kept him up. He has the worst fracture in the ward. But he knows cars from Alfalfa to Omaha, as O. Henry would observe. Gasoline is his middle name. When they put a frame over the foot of his bed to keep the covers from touching his leg, the white sheets formed a hood unmis- takably, and it was a long, low racing car—white with gold trimmings— § FED BY ICY WATERS FROM THE SNOW-CAPPED HILLS, This STREAM RUNS THROUGH THE HEART OF MONASTER, SERBIA. I CAN RED CROSS HAS A WAREHOUSE FOR RELIER" SUPPLIES AT THE ITS FORCE IN SERBIA HAS BEEN GREATLY “the kind ya drive sittin' on the back o’ ya neck,” he explained. He was challenging De Palma at Indianapolis. Humoring him, the Red Cross man brought him a klaxon, whose stento- rian presence caused more than one nurse that passed his bed to stop sud- denly and clutching her medicine bot- tles, look quickly about her with scared eyes, to the huge amusement of the ward. “Little girls like you oughtn't to cross the street all by y’r lonely, where nasty automobiles can run over ya!” he teased. The make-believe chariot varies with his humor. Sometimes it is a Ford bouncing over tortuous roads, or it’s a Rolls-Royce, absolutely Ward No. 7 will be dull when he goes, even if the klaxon does bring down anathemas upon his head. THE AMER- MEMORIAL WARD TO WARSAW Clinic at Child Jesus Hospital in Poland Is Beneficiary of Gift from America A one-hundred bed memorial ward has just been presented by the Amer- ican Red Cross to the Warsaw Uni- versity Clinic at Child Jesus Hospital, in the Polish capital, as a permanent contribution by the American people to the educational and health welfare of free Poland. Until now the uni- versity has had no clinical ward of its own and has depended on the various hospitals of the city for as- sistance in carrying on this branch of its work. Child Jesus Hospital is arranged on the American “pavilion plan,” with windows on three sides of the wards and a modern amphitheater for clini- cal instruction. A ca- pacity of 1,000 beds makes it one of the largest hospitals in the city. Members of the Red Cross Mission to Poland pronounced it a model hospital, de- claring: “S up p 1 ie s given here will cer- tainly be well placed, for they are making wonderful use of the few things that they have been able to get.” Besides the fully equipped me m or i a 1 ward, the hospital is receiving from the American organization urgently needed linen and a supply of rubber goods, ether and other drugs which it lacked en- tirely. The gift of the ward is one of many relief projects being carried out in Poland by the American Red Cross. § Owing to the fact that the work of the Bureau of Prisoners’ Relief at Red Cross Headquarters is practically at an end, this bureau has been dis- continued and its functions have been distributed as follows: Collection and distribution of information concern- ing prisoners of war, to the Depart- ment of Communication. Forwarding of funds for relief of prisoners and loans to prisoners, to Mr. W. T. Ham- mer, Auditor of Receipts, Comp- troller’s Office. 8 THE RE D C R O S S BULLET IN Peace Program of Red Cross (Continued from page 1) ease and even epidemics in their own homes. The seven thousand public health nurses in the United States are far too few to meet the ever-increasing demands for their services and funds are needed for the establishment of scholarships for the post-graduate training of nurses returning from Europe for this specialized public health work, for the development of the necessary teaching staffs and for research work. Red Cross Home Service among the families of American soldiers and sailors has brought out the important fact that in 90 per cent of the places where Home Service is now operat- ing there is no other social work agency. Accordingly, there is an im- perative demand, national in scope, that this service, with its thousands of highly trained workers, be contin- ued and expanded to assist all needy families in commu- nities where other neighborly relief is not at hand. Where social agencies are established, the Red Cross will act as a cooperating and coordinating organization when requested to do so. As always in its long history of gen- eral usefulness the Red Cross must hold itself ready for instant relief service in time of public disaster, such as great fires, floods, cyclones, shipwrecks, earth- quakes, pestilence, famine and epi- demics. Experience in the war and the great organization built up through that emergency will make this branch of Red Cross activity more effective than ever before. The Junior Red Cross, with its mil- lions of members in the school, public and private, throughout the United States, has laid plans calling for $500,000 for relief work abroad, this amount constituting 60 per cent of the money the Juniors raise, the remain- der to be used for local relief in co- operation with Home Service. It is also planned to have the junior mem- bers supplement and assist in the work of the national organization wherever possible, with especial regard to the needs of children. & The turning over to the American Red Cross of the surplus medical and surgical supplies and supplementary food stores of the American Army abroad for distribution among the still suffering native populations, together with the relief programs still being carried out in France, Poland, the Balkans and Siberia, necessitate the continuance of Red Cross operations overseas. This entails the mainte- nance of medical, nursing and general relief units and the establishing under American standards of training schools, the graduates of which will be able to carry to fruition the hu- manitarian efforts the American Red Cross has initiated in war-stricken lands. The distribution of food and clothing among penniless returning refugees also cannot be completed un- til well into the future. The American Red Cross, by its A Noisy welcome. Fort THE QUEEN OF ROUMANIA AND THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RN A ROUMANIAN MOUNTAIN VILLAGE. THESE WOODEN HORNS SOUND LIRE BELLOWING BULLS AND MAY BE HEARD SEVERAL MILES AWAY congressional charter, is committed to assist the Army and Navy whenever called upon, and while the extent of this service will depend upon the fu- ture military policy Congress deter- mines, it will undoubtedly be greater than heretofore, in proportion to the increases in the standing Army and Navy Congress authorizes. Whatever the demands, the Red Cross must be prepared to meet them. Until demobi- lization is completed, and after, the Red Cross military relief organiza- tion will continue to function. Thirty thousand service men still in the mili- tary hospitals, many crippled for life, require Red Cross attention. Hospi- tal, canteen and motor service must continue. The fifty base hospitals or- ganized by the Red Cross before the United States entered the war and turned over to the Army during hos- tilities, are back from the field and must be reorganized and held ready for any call, civil or military. Completion of Red Cross work for the soldiers disabled in the fighting and general assistance to the fighting men in getting back to civil life is still far off, particularly in the many and varied phases of Home Service. Thousands of families of service men are still being helped solve their problems by this Red Cross activity and money relief in this connection alone is in excess of $500,000 a month. War Risk Appoints' Red Cross (Continued from page 1) blanks and fill them out in their own offices, or they may refer the com- plainant to the Red Cross Home Serv- ice Section direct. Represented at the conference were: The Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, Veterans of the World War, American Library Association, Amer- ican Red Cross, Boy Scouts of America, Jewish Welfare B O a r d . Salvation Army, Knights of Colum- bus, Nation a 1 Catholic War Council, National Tuberculosis So- ciety, American Legion, American Jewish Relief, and the War Camp Community Serv- ice. - This increased responsibility places upon the Red Cross a new challenge and calls for an unlimited amount of team play, tact and diplo- macy. Organizations cooperating must feel that the Red Cross is merely the clearing agency and that the task is being done cooperatively, the Red Cross being the willing servant of both the soldiers and the other organiza- tions. A plan is being worked out by which the National Headquarters of the Red Cross will be represented in the War Risk Bureau by an additional force, and an improved system of fol- lowing through inquiries is to be in- augurated. National officials are very hopeful that the whole system is soon to be speeded up and that more prompt replies will be made to complaints, thus clearing up one of the most po- tent causes of annoyance to service men and their families. H/ - 5 15ſ A. A. - º The Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 1, 1919 wARTIME SPIRIT ANIMATES PEACE PROGRAM Old and New Leaders Optimistic Regarding Red Cross Future, at Conference on 1919 Roll-Call and Drive Plans A new vision of the future and a wealth of inspiration were furnished division managers and publicity direc- tors of the American Red Cross at a conference held at National Head- quarters last week, on plans for the third membership roll-call, November 2-11, and the coincident campaign for $15,000,000 to complete relief obliga- tions in Sorely distressed spots beyond the boundaries of the United States. Meeting with the Headquarters offi- cials and division chiefs were mem- bers of the Execu- tive Committee of | the Red Cross. | The presence of every member of this com m i t t e e, composed in part of men who guided the destinies of the o r g a n i z a ti on through the war period, was signifi- cant of the fact that the s a me spirit of “carry-on” a which animated the Red Cross in the N § N N N ger; C. S. Clark, executive secretary of the Roll Call, and others made ad- dresses dealing with the vast opportu- nity for usefulness before the Red Cross, and on plans for the Roll Call and drive. Organization and pub- licity were urged as preliminaries of the utmost importance for the fall campaign. Upon the Red Cross rests in a large measure the responsibility of keeping need of the ignorance-dispelling and health-promoting local activities of the Red Cross, one-fourth of the first 1,600,000 drafted men, or 400,000, being illiterate and unassimilated Americans. From Mr. Davison came a stirring prophesy that one day it will be as natural for persons to renew their Red Cross memberships annually as it is to celebrate Christmas; for the Red Cross, he said, will be the great supporting organization back of wel- fare and health agencies everywhere— not an operating but a supporting in- sitution of a permanent and broad char- acter. He told of the steps taken in the organization of the League of Red Cross Societies, and explained its plan of operation as a clearing house for research infor- m a ti on for all countries rep re- sented. Dr. Farrand, in outlining the peace- program of the Red Cross, ex- pressed himself as being more optimis- tic than ever before over the prospects for intense useful- | GATEWAY OF ROUMANIAN RELIEF, CONSTANTINOPLE HARBOR, THROUGH WHICH days of national crisis is linked with the work that relates to the program of service in time of peace. The old and the new are blended in determina- tion to make the future worthy of the past. Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior; Henry P. Davison, chairman of the Board of Governors of the League of Red Cross Societies; Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman of the Central Committee of the American Red Cross; Eliot Wadsworth, mem- ber of the Executive Committee; Frederick C. Munroe, general mana- A. R. C. Sº JPPLIES PASS up the morale of the nation, with health and good citizenship as funda- mental problems for consideration,” said Secretary Lane. The need of a stimulating influence for humanitar- ianism and patriotism such as the Red Cross workers can exercise in every part of the country, he argued, is all too evident, and there should be no let down in any quarter in this regard regardless of the passing of the strain of war. The Secretary emphasized figures on illiteracy in the draft army raised in the recent war as showing the ness on the part of the Red Cross throughout the world, but especially at home. “I am more optimistic at this mo- ment with regard to the possibilities of the Red Cross than I have ever been before, and that is saying a great deal,” he said. “I now see that not only are the problems of which Sec- retary Lane spoke, to be solved, but that they are problems toward the solution of which the Red Cross can contribute more than any other or- ganization in this country. “We have got to carry the work T EIE R E D C R O S S B U L L E TIN - abroad to a conclusion,” Dr. Farrand continued, “although we are not going to carry it on on the scale we operated on during the war. Not only do con- ditions change from year to year, but they change as the weeks go by. The consensus of the reports we have coming to us, indicate that the actual material suffering in Eastern Europe has been diminishing rapidly. That does not mean, however, that there is not a great deal of suffering there, or not going to be during the coming year. What it does mean is that the big problem is not going to be one of the material relief of peoples that are suffering or freezing. The big prob- lem, the much more serious, much more difficult and much more impor- tant one, is funda- mentally the prob- lem of rehabilita- tion, and it is that in the solution of which the Amer– ican Red Cross is p a r tic u 1 a r ly adapted to help. “All of these countries have come to the conclu- sion that the prob- lem that they have to face is to pre- serve the vitality of their nationality; that the basis of this is the preserva- tion of health and a campaign against p reven t a b le diseases. E v. e in where the leaders might know what ought to be done, there is not suffi- cient education nor sufficient public opinion in their countries to support action. Often, they have not known exactly how to act when they knew in a general way what ought to be done. They have concerted in an appeal to the Red Cross that, at least during this coming year, the American Red Cross continue to work in those countries on the prob- lems of health and the fight against disease—not with the idea of assuming responsibility, but to show them what to do. “There is nothing that the Red Cross is better able to do than that thing. That does not mean an enormous wat relief program. What it does mean is a selected group of men and women, or I reverse it, a selected group of women and a few men, to go to these different points and there set up, based on a Serbian or Roumanian or Polish basis, a fight against preventable diseases in these communities. This does not require a huge sum of money. That is going to be done. The pro- gram is now being worked out in detail and the financing of it is now being assured. . . . “In connection with this it must be understood that we cannot carry on such work in countries, beaten down after years of war, without extending, as well, certain material relief. As we figure at the present time, with the sup- plies now in our hands and with the supplies now being turned over by the United States Government from the Army, and with a relatively small amount of money to supplement these supplies, we should be able to carry § A. R. C. CANTEEN AT JASSY, WHERE 2,000 ROUMANIAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN ARE FED DALLY through a broad constructive program in Eastern Europe. “On the other hand it is funda- mentally, and for us Americans far more, important, to attack the prob- lems that existed before the war, and that are more clearly needing solution since the war—if the war was worth fighting; just these problems of which Secretary Lane has spoke. The prob- lem—the general problem—of any nation, is the welfare problem which in its broad terms always reduces to conditions of health or physical wel- fare of the people, without which no nation can live, and with which any nation can live.” Mr. Davison, after explaining some of the technical details of the League of Red Cross Societies organization to the conference, said: “We are here to consider a Ro11 Call. The American Red Cross has a very great work to do. The Amer- ican Red Cross can, during the next two or three years, render a service to America the importance of which will be little less than that which has already been done. “How is the work which I have sug- gested to be done by the League of Red Cross Societies applicable to the American Red Cross? My idea is this: We gave three million dollars this year to the tuberculosis organization. I want to see the American Red Cross stand back of every movement in America to combat tuberculosis. I want to see the people interested in child welfare. I do not care whether one, five, or seven- s teen come to the Red Cross here in W a s h in g ton, I want to see them given encourage- ment. It should stand back of and help the agencies in child welfare. As to sanitation, it is not necessary, because we are well up in the art of sanita- tion and everything is being done that should be done. There is no agency in America in the interest of health which should not be supported and encouraged by the A meric a n Red Cross. “I myself do not want to see the A merican Red Cross as an operat- ing organization— I want to see it as a supporting organization; and in every one of these movements it can be a very great factor. I can say to every one en- deavoring to work along these lines, “God bless you! We want to help you.” When the American people realize that this is the agency and the work of the American Red Cross, I believe it will be supported and liber- ally supported. “The more I see of the Amer- ican Red Cross the more I like it. It stands pretty well—in fact, I am so proud of it I cannot express myself. I hear it on all sides, in all parts of the world that I go. By reason of that fact, the American Red Cross can get what it asks for, provided it asks for the right thing at the right time.” º § T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 DATA 0N RETURNED SOLDIERS Complete Lists of Discharged Men Essential in Carrying Out of Home Sections Work That every Home Service Section should have a complete list of returned service men is a fact which cannot be doubted. National Red Cross Head- quarters has been eager to supply this need, but the list cannot be obtained from the Adjutant General’s office, where the names of men in the Army are recorded, or from the Bureau of Navigation, which has the record of those who served in the Navy, These papers are filed alphabetically, irre- spective of the home addresses of the men or the date of enlistment. Unfortunately, in November, 1918, all draft . were closed and sent to Washington, by order of the Pro- vost Marshal General. However, some draft boards may still have dupli- cate records, and it may be that a Home Service Section can examine these records. An application, filed with the local registration board, should be forwarded to the Provost Marshal General for issuance of per- mit to examine the records. Records of draft boards, except those pertain- ing to physical disability and depend- ency are public records. However, there are many other ways of securing lists of discharged service men. Every chapter will want to check up carefully every discharged man within its territory, to determine whether or not all his needs have been met. With the increased responsibility of Home Service Sections for pro- moting the cam- paign for insurance § reinstatement and conversion, and the necessity of dis- covering every man who has even a slight percentage of disability, a com- plete list seems to be absolutely neces- Sary. - By cooperation with church es, lodges and various community organi- zations, through visitation and can- vassing, through comparision of rec- ords and checking case files, an effort is to be made by the live sections to discover whether or not every need of the discharged man has been met. Early in the war Congress author- ized the acceptance of Federalized National Guardsmen into Soldiers’ Homes, and more recently the Chief Medical Adviser has utilized this means for placing other soldiers than the Federalized National Guardsmen. The results of this practice have not proven on the whole desirable. Reports received at National Head- quarters indicate that it has been a very unhappy plan to place the young men returned from this war, with old men, often decrepit. Accordingly, the question was taken up through the U. S. Public Health Service, with the Chief Medical Adviser, who has ruled that no more soldiers will be placed in the National Soldiers Homes. Where a man has already been placed in such an institution, the dis- trict supervisor of the U. S. Public Health Service, has the authority to transfer him to another institution, where he may be cared for among men of his own age. This will in- sure him a more normal environment. If the divisions can obtain informa- tion of any man already placed in these institutions, it has been suggested that the situation be discussed with the dis- trict supervisor of the Public Health Service, with a view of having trans- fers made. The shaggy sheepskin capes affected by the men generally throughout the Balkans are a picturesque feature of life in the Near East, but American Red Cross experts have demonstrated that they are one of the chief car- riers of the deadly typhus germ. § CAPTURED AUSTRIAN WAR FLEET, LYING IN FRONT OF A. R. C. BASE, AT CATARRO, MONTENEGRO EX-ARMY MEN JOIN. R. G. RANKS Majority of the Workers in Eastern Europe Are Fresh from Service with Forces in France Records just compiled at the Paris headquarters of the American Red Cross show that a majority of the male Red Cross workers now operat- ing in the Balkans, the Near East and Poland have seen service with the American Expeditionary Forces. The proportion of army men in the Red Cross service took a decided jump with the demobilization, the army au- thorities pursuing a liberal policy in the matter of releasing men in France for the purpose of taking service with the relief organization. In the ranks of the ex-army men are doughboys and officers from the divisions of the line that figured in the major operations on the front, and hundreds from the organizations that served on the lines of communica- tion. The Air Service, which was the first to be demobilized, contributed a large number of young officers who were sent to far fields. From the Army Medical Service came scores of physicians with a valuable training in handling health and sanitation prob- lems that follow in the wake of war. The army complexion of the Red Cross was further emphasized by the arrival, in large numbers, of nurses who had seen service in the base hos- pitals of the military service. Con- tingents have come also from the army sanitary and motor units and from the French and American am- bulance services. It is from the large proportion of its personnel that is have had valuable tra in in g in the Army or its aux- iliary services, that the American Red Cross units now operating in areas like Poland and the Balkans draw much of their effi- ci e n cy. A r my trained personnel is invariably more rugged, and less likely to succumb to disease, than workers recruited directly from civ- ilian life. They are, for the same rea SO11, mOre re- sourceful in solvi ing the various field problems. 4 - THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN THE RED CROSS BULIETIN PUBLISHEn weekly by THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CRoss BUILDING, was HINGTON, D. c. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington - BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAF't. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . ... e. e. e. e. e. e. e o e º 'º Secretary LIVINGs"roN FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING... . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNRoE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 1, 1919 Keep the Spirit Alive Before there was any world war the Red Cross was an agency of re- lief in time of emergency. The American Red Cross was an institu- tion capable not only of meeting such needs as followed disaster at home, but able to extend relief abroad com- mensurate with the normal require- . ments. Even before the entry of the United States into the war of nations, the American humanitarian organiza- tion practically reached the limit of resourcefulness in assisting in the care of the sick and wounded, con- formitory to the laws of neutrality. When the war became in part OUR war, the patriotism and generosity of the American people gave such mighty expansion to their Red Cross—with rapidity that amazed the world— as to dwarf all previous conceptions of organized relief. There was a new birth of the Red Cross spirit. Under its influence the men and women of America not only provided for every comfort and care pertaining to their own beloved sons called to the defense of the flag; they underwrote the morale of the depressed peoples at whose thresholds the war was rag- ing, and furnished the forces and ma- chinery that carried physical help to the suffering. - - The dawn of peace saw great areas of the earth desolate; in countries re- the continuance of hostilities. opened to the outside world the peo- ple were starving, naked, racked with pestilence. Immediately greater need than ever arose for the relief of human misery. Red Cross spirit and organi- zation were ready to meet the new sit- uation. The American Red Cross campaign for membership renewals and funds in November is for the fulfillment of our part of the con- tract imposed by freedom's victory of arms. >k >k :: How swiftly events have moved these past two years! Every prepa- ration had been made for a war of many years’ duration, for when the predictions of 1914 regarding exhaus- tion of one side or the other within a few months went awry, folk in gen- eral ceased to place any time limit on in retrospect, it is well-nigh universally conceded that America, by its expe- diting of its millions of troops to Europe, its relief work and general moral and physical influence, brought the crisis that hastened the end. But the United States was prepared for a war of five or more years. There would have been no slackening in the raising of armies, nor in the raising of relief and other funds nec- essary to carry on the war until the righteous end was achieved. Just re- call the alacrity with which the Amer- ican people responded to the first call of the Red Cross in the early sum- mer of 1917. It was for one hundred million dollars. It seemed a stupen- dous sum. But in a week the coun- try subscribed it—and several millions more. A year later, when the call came for another hundred million, the people of America nearly doubled the amount asked. Their vision of the situation was keener than the men in- trusted with the administration of Te– lief work had dared to anticipate— and they made their own budget. >k >k + If the war had lasted there would have been another call for a mammoth relief fund this year, and it would have brought the two hundred mil- lion, or the three or five hundred mil- lion—or whatever the need measured. Now, But the call for a third war fund hap- pily has been eliminated by the course of events. With the war ended, but with its aftermath of suffering still greater than imagination can portray, the people are now asked to finance the residuary obligations to the extent of fifteen million dollars. It is a com- paratively small sum, and it would not be sufficient to perform the work that must be done in the interest of all humanity were there not available for use supplies originally intended for the armies in the field, and if there was not a ready organization to administer relief. >k >k >k Fifteen million dollars, however, by no means marks the purpose of the coming drive. The heart of America can be depended upon for any amount necessary to meet the humanitarian needs that are presented. There is a great permanent objective behind all emergency considerations, and that is the maintenance of the American Red Cross membership on as nearly an universal scale as possible. Therein lies the larger incentive for the Red Cross workers who will help to carry On the campaign. As time passes the thought inspired by the enthusiasm of accomplishment when the bells were ringing the armistice tidings, that “The great Red Cross army of mercy called into being by the war must never be demobilized,” assumes the form of determination. The thing, then, is to keep the spirit alive. You of active chapter affilia- tion must see to it that the rest do not forget. Make it ever in the minds of the people that membership in the Red Cross means service to human- ity—amelioration of suffering in all lands, and the insurance of greater national welfare, through the Home Service work and the health cam- paigns which have had their ways pointed by the lessons of the world war. The annual roll-calls which the Red Cross must conduct by reason of the yearly limit on memberships under its charter will be America’s message of brotherhood and fellow- ship to the rest of civilization, as the seasons dedicated to peace and good- will roll 'round. - T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN STARS EMBLAZON HEROISM OF WOMANHOOD Flag Commemorating Services of Nurses in World War Hangs by Tablet to Those of the American Civil War By ELIZABETH PICKETT Among the white crosses of the A. E. F. in a military cemetery at Base Hospital No. 69, Savenay, France, with the trim gardens, the walled-in orchards, and the low hills of Brit- tainy in the distance, Jane A. Delano rests quietly among the American Dead, while at National Red Cross Headquarters, Washington, D. C., one of her associate nurses has sewn a gold star in her memory upon the service flag of the De- partment of Nursing which she organized and directed, and to which she gave her life, April 15, 1919. This great silk flag, hanging above the tablet which dedicates to the use of the American Red Cross the marble building erected “in memory of the Heroic Women of the Civil War,” bears testimony of the services of American womanhood in the struggle which has just ended. A single blue star represents the nineteen thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven Red Cross nurses who have been in active duty with the Army and Navy Nurse Corps and the Red Cross—some in cantonment hos- pitals in this country; some in the long wards of the A. E. F. bases; others among the repatriaes, and the little frightened children of the devastated sectors; still others in evacuation stations, sometimes on duty for thirty hours without relief in the closely-curtained operating rooms, or groping their way in the darkness from one stretcher to another in the crowded corridors while the Hun bombing planes roared above; a few going ahead with “shock teams” and mobile operating units “where there’s a flash of light, the roar of the guns, and the very earth rocking under your feet as you fumble for your helmet and gas mask.” In memory of Red Cross nurses who have “gone west,” one hundred and ninety-eight gold stars shine on this service flag. The first to appear were for Mrs. Edith B. Ayres and Miss Helen Burnett Wood, both from Chi- cago, who were killed May 20, 1917, by the explosion of a defective shell on board the S. S. Mongolia while on their way to France with an early unit. War had found the Red Cross Nurs- ing Service prepared to meet the tre- mendous needs for trained women to follow the troops to the camps, to the ports of embarkation, even to within a few miles of those almost exhausted French and British lines on the West- ern Front. During the summer of 1917 Amer- ican nurses as well as soldiers began * THEIR LIUSTRE UNIDIMIMED THROUGHOUT AGES to move steadily and silently down to the camouflaged transports. Novem- ber first found three thousand of them in active military service in this coun- try and “over there,” while fourteen thousand names of American nurses stood on the Red Cross rolls awaiting assignment. As the winter passed, word began to come back regarding these women—their adaptability, their skill, their devotion to duty; then of bombed hospitals, of disease, of death following exposure, long hours of duty, and the endless heart-breaking work of binding up broken bodies. One by one the gold stars began to appear, until the influenza had claimed eighty-one Red Cross nurses in can- tonment hospitals in this country alone. The toll was also great over- seas. Two sisters, Viola and Ruth Lundholia, of Oakland California, contracted this disease while on their way to France, and were buried to- gether at Madgalen Hill Cemetery, Winchester, England, while others slipped quietly away in Scotland, in France, in Belgium. Even in Germany there is a white cross marking the grave of Jessie Baldwin, of Summer- ville, Pa., another of the eighteen thou- sand Red Cross nurses in the Army Nurse Corps. She began her war Service at Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C., was ordered overseas, cited for extraordinary bravery when her hospital was shelled, sent into Germany with the Army of Occupation, and died in line of duty February 6, 1919, at Coblenz. “The Lady with the Lamp” has become a holy tradition to the British soldier. Ask the American doughboy, in his turn, what he thinks of the Army nurse, in her slicker and boots, or her grey ward uniform with the scarlet- lined active service cape flung back over her shoulder | She has car- ried the ideals of Florence Night- ingale and other pioneer English and American nurses almost to the front lines of war. Wherever she has gone, she has brought cleanliness, and order, and peace. And these two hundred Red Cross nurses, from the youngest grad- uate who stepped so eagerly from the doors of her training school into the hardships and privations of war service, to their great leader, Jane Delano, have proven forever, with the other American Trris dead, that “greater love hath no 3 y man than this American Nurses Reach Poland The first detachment of American Red Cross nurses, who are being mobilized by the Polish Health Minis- try to each American health methods throughout Poland, has arrived in Warsaw. In the party were Miss Emma Wilson, of Washington, D. C.; Miss Emily N. Porter, of Bridgeport, Conn., and Miss Susan Rosenstiel, of Freeport, Ill., all of whom have had broad experience in Europe. Miss Wilson was formerly chief nurse of the American Red Cross Mission to Poland, Miss Porter did refugee work in eastern Macedonia, and Miss Rosen- stiel has been stationed at Lille. 6 - - THE RED CR O S S BULLET IN HOSPITAL NEEDS OF SIBERIA AND EAST RUSSIA Army Officers With Red Cross Expedition tells How American Relief Bearers Met Heart-Rending Emergency By MAJOR KENDALL EMERSON, U.S. A. How to exist on nothing at all is the problem that has been facing the civilian and military hospitals of Siberia and East Russia for the past two years. The revolution found these institutions bankrupt, so far as dressings and drugs are concerned, and dangerously depleted in the matter of instruments. All possible supplies had for years been drained into the vast stream of army equipment flow- ing ever toward the battle line. Siberia never faltered in her duty during those early days of Russia’s magnificent struggle against the Hun, and when the call became insistent and there was no more cotton in her storehouses, and no ships entering her ports, the supply of household linen was encroached upon and women robbed their ward- robes that their wounded might have SucCOr. And so it came about that when war came to them—when the Red Terror brought its tortured victims to their very doors—these women found them- selves without the simplest dressings to bind up the bleeding wounds. All sorts of improvisations were devised moss and birch bark, newspaper and the veriest rags of ancient garments were employed. The cry for help went forth to the world, but at first there was none to heed it. Then came the American Red Cross. It took but a glance to appre- ciate the utter deso- lation, and through the heroic chapters of the Fourteenth Division the first terrible emergency was met. Little has been said in praise of this splendid piece of work on the part of our foreign chapters. They gave of their time and their re- sources in some cases beyond the limit of exhaustion. Siberia is not yet able to express the gratitude that she feels for this price- less flood of assist- a n cle, a n d The Greatest Mother in | § | the World is not unmindful of this splendid achievement of her distant daughters. Then came more supplies from America, and Vladivostok became the Mecca for surgeons all the way from the Ural Mountains, who came from the village hospital, from the Zemstvos and from the Czech and New Russian army to beg for a little gauze, a few of the most needed drugs or a handful of instruments. Their gratitude for whatever assistance we could give was touching beyond words, even when, as too frequently happened, that assist- ance was meagre in the extreme. The news that there were supplies in Siberia spread all too rapidly and the Red Cross was soon inundated with pitiful appeals. Some of them held elements of humor as well. Two sturdy peasants travelled in from East Russia and solemnly asked for four pounds of Strychnine, enough to bring speedy death to a thousand people. When asked why they needed such a large amount they replied that all am- munition in their village had given out, that for this reason they could no longer protect themselves against the predatory wolves, and that their chil- dren were being eaten up by the beasts in the streets of the hamlet. They DISTRIBUTING SMOKES TO WOUNDED RUSSIAN AND CZECH SOLDIERS IN AMERICAN RED CROSS HOSPITAL AT TUMEN § purposed, therefore, to make a strych- nine rampart about the town, if pos- sible, to lessen the casualties amongst the youngsters. It chanced that we had a pound or more of the poison, and the bearded moujiks retired amid a salvo of “spacebos” and set out light- heartedly on their four-thousand mile return journey. % | % | 2 2 | º Ø % | % % % THIS NURSE HOLDS IN HER HAND ALL THE SURGICAL EQUIPMENT THAT WAS IN THE PERMI HOSPITAL It is easy to sit complacently with- in the circle of our warm civilization and luxuriate in a shudder or two at the conjured pic- ture of distress be- hind a battle line bereft of medical supplies. But it is a soul - searching experience to journey to that front and see with the eyes the hid- eousness of such disaster. No drugs, no dressings, no transport, a swirl- ing blizzard and the thermometer at thirty below zero and men fighting your battles and mine day after day through that grim (Continued on p.8) T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 WORK GOES ON IN THE GAMPS Appropriation of $2,100,000 to Meet Needs of Last Six Months of the Current Year An appropriation of $2,100,000 has been made by the Executive Commit- tee of the American Red Cross to cover the budget of the Bureau of Camp Service for the last six months of the current year. During the four months ending June 30, the cost of Camp Service was $532,000 per month, the esitmate for the last six months of the year being $350,000 per month. Midsummer finds the Camp Serv- ice activities of the Red Cross very noticeably decreas- bility of physical efficiency. Local hospitals at Army posts and stations have received on a less pretentious scale those forms of Red Cross phy- sical and mental aid which are pe— culiarly the function of the society. At Naval hospitals, the Red Cross is “carrying on” in its cooperation with the Medical Department of the Navy. Notable forms of aid within hos- pital areas are: Personal friendly contact with the men through ward visitation; maintaining contact be- tween the man and his home by let- ters of information and interest; sup- plying patients with smokes, flowers, reading matter, articles of diet and refreshment falling outside Army pro- vision, and many other items pertain- ing in extent, but not in intensity or effectiveness. The vast amount in va- riety of service at- tendant upon the return and de- mobilization of the overseas forces is 1 a r gely accom- plished, although in certain of the army camps dis- charge activity is still considerable. The expected com- plete return of the first, second and third Army Divie sions to camps of this country, by the end of this month, will see the last of demobilization and Red Cross Service incident to that phase of Army activity. At present the Red Cross is oper- ating in approximately 150 Army and Navy camps and stations, with a working personnel of about 1,200. However, a part of these Army cen- ters are soon to close or revert to pre-War status. Of the 250 Red Cross buildings employed in Camp work, at the end of June, 89 were convalescent houses, designated as club houses for convalescent men; 59 Were nurses’ recreation houses, and the remainder headquarters buildings or warehouses, etc. A forward look over the next six months reveals a continuation of Red Cross activity in over thirty general and base hospitals, where some 30,000 overseas sick and wounded are now being restored to a maximum possi- CampS. AMERICAN RED CROSS GYMNASHUM, CAMP PIKE, ARKANSAS ing to the man’s comfort and con- tentment. While the Red Cross in its hospital work stands ready to meet any emer- gency need for medical and surgical supplies, the Army itself is in a po- sition to meet such requirements in parctically all cases. An idea of the extent of the above mentioned opera- tions may be obtained from the sta- tistics compiled for April, May and June of this year, which show con- siderably over a million visits to hos- pital patients and about seventy-five thousand letters written for or about patients. During twelve months ended with June, an enormous quan- tity of supplies was distributed for use of sick and well personnel in the Individual items of interest are the following: Sweaters, 2,308,512; comfort kits, 675,100; property bags, 212,723; suits underwear, over 70,000; scrap books, 16,807; candy, over 50,000 pounds; canes, 51,498; soap, 205,016 cakes; bed socks, 24,042; postal cards, 68,- 958; checker boards, 109,808; chew- ing gum, 194,912 packages; cigarettes, over 20,000,000. Such figures, of course, do not rep- resent in any degree the extent of similar service in the future, but only the character of that service. Much of this will be unnecessary with the coming months, attention being prin- cipally directed to overseas patients still in hospitals, to replacement troops for the Army of Occupation, to other troops leaving for foreign service and to Navy personnel on sea duty. One further p has e o f Red Cross camp act- ivity which willcon- tinue throughout the period of de- mobilization in the banking service, instituted a b out two months ago in the demobilization camps of the coun- try by the War De- partment, in coop- eration with the American Bankers’ Association a n d the Red Cross. Men being dis- charged are urged to deposit at the camp all or any part of their dis- charge money for transmission t O Some designated home bank. Thus a large sum of money is safeguarded against loss, robbery, etc. Up to the middle of August, re- ports received from the camp banks show that 28,014 men had deposited $2,958,678.05, being over eight per cent of the total men discharged. The Bureau of Camp Service is carrying out an elaborate program of recreation and entertainment in the U. S. Reconstruction Hospitals. Under the direction of the Secre- tary of War the American Red Cross is made responsible for the direction of all welfare activities within hos- pital reservations. At the request of proper authorities, this morale work of the Red Cross has been extended to include officers, detachment men, nurses, and aids, as well as patients. 8 THE RED CRoss B ULLET IN HOME DIETETICs CUT H. C. L. Red Cross Course Guide to Economy as Well as Health in Prepar- ing Food for Family “Nourish your body thoughtfully, And it will sustain your thought.” The science of dietetics has de- veloped tremendously during the past decade. Milk, eggs and the leafy vegetables have been called the “protective foods.” “In the city of B ,” writes Dr. E. V. McCullom, of Johns Hopkins Hospital, “we have had no less than seven institutions for the care of homeless children. One of these last February had not had a death in seven years. Still another had had no death in 1917. At the other extreme stood one institution in which 23 per cent of the inmates had died in the past year. Upon investigation of the chil- dren’s diet here, I found the purchases of the three protective foods almost nil.” - - Do you realize why these three foods are of such importance? Do you know the value of green vege- tables, of cereals and eggs as a substi- tute for expensive meats? When our forebears were dwelling in caves and bringing down their dinner with a fortunate throw of stone hatchet or spear, meat was the most easily obtain- able and, in view of the lack of truck- gardens, dairies, poultry-yards and wheat farms, the most adequate single item of food. But now our mode of life, and particularly the cost of meat make it much less of a good bargain. A housewife with a family of five to feed, says Lusk, should buy three quarts of milk before buying a pound of meat, even though the prices of both have leaped skyward. Intelligent eating is now recognized as one of the chief factors in promot- ing health and efficiency. The Red Cross offers a course in home dietetics which aims to give every girl and woman in the United States elemen- tary instruction in proper nutrition for the well and the sick. Instead of using a text book, outlines will be prepared at National Headquarters in coopera- tion with the Department of Agricul- ture, to guide instructors in presenting the course. These outlines will in- clude a lecture to be given by the teacher, topics for discussion by the class, with suggested laboratory work wherever possible; home work, ex- hibits, demonstrations, contests, etc.; extensive references, bibliographies, and illustrative material. Instruction will be given by Red Cross dietitians, Or by qualified laywomen under their supervision. Particular emphasis will be placed on the every-day problems in the home. . The meals which should be offered to a family of adults who are engaged in sedentary work at an office differ greatly from those suited to a house- hold of farmers. The aim of this course will be to make it flexible enough to apply to every type of family. “Aside from the question of physi- ological need, eating has an immense vogue as an amusement.” Do you realize that what you give your hus- band and your children for breakfast, luncheon and dinner constitutes in large part the measure, not only of their strength, and their accomplish- ment, but also of their dispositions during the day, and also during their lives? Who knows how far carefully- balanced, economically selected, prop- erly cooked, daintily served, and easily-digested meals might go to keep the doctor, the wolf, and even the divorce lawyer from your door? Wont you let the Red Cross, through its course in home dietetics, help you to find out P ". . . Hospital Needs of Siberia and East - Russia (Continued from page 6) horror! A soldier falls with a trifling wound of the leg. It would scarce be considered a major injury on the Western Front. But it is just enough to prevent walking, and in half a hour the frost has converted a scratch into a fatal wound. At Perm we saw an evacuation hos- pital full of severely wounded men, where the retreating Bolsheviki had Stripped the place of gauze and in- struments. Of the former we saw the entire Supply, one amputation roll, many times washed and frayed from repeated use on successive cases. One sad-faced, tired little nurse held them all in a single hand. We found the surgeon in charge of this division and gave him all the few supplies we had on our train, about a thousand yards of gauze; far more, he stated, than his entire supply for that part of the front. At Osa, a flourishing county seat in the Perm District, we found, only One old doctor left. The Reds had carried off two, killed two, and spared this one because his days of usefulness were apparently past. Again instru- ments and dressings had been seized, and we found this aged physician back in harness carrying on two crowded hospitals just back of an active fight- REFUGEES ON MOUNT OF OLIVES Russian Women Pilgrims, Stranded in Jerusalem, Support Themselves by Fine Embroidery Work Near the Mount of Olives, from which Christ ascended, a number of Russian women are doing fine em- broidery work for sale in the shops in America. Most of them are peas- ants from Odessa, who came to Pales- tine in the fall of 1914 on a religious pilgrimage. The outbreak of the war left them stranded without means of Support. They found refuge in a convent of Russian nuns on the Mount of Olives, but after the funds of the . institution gave out, both the nuns and the pilgrims nearly starved. - When the American Red Cross be- gan its work in Jerusalem, ouvriors were opened where refugee women could be employed. Garments were made for distribution among the poor of the district. The work had little commercial value after the pressing needs of the refugees had been met, so inquiry was made among the workers to learn what other work they could do. It was found that the Russian women could do embroidery of un- usual beauty and materials were sup. plied at once. They are now making table linens of every description, embroidered in rich oriental colors with raised flowers and tiny figures. Tea sets are orna- mented with embroidered tea cups and little Russian samovars or tea urns. Drawn work also is being done. Samples of this work are being taken to America by the Red Cross workers and an effort will be made to establish a patronage for the shops in order that they may continue on a self-supporting basis until the wo- men can return to Odessa. Similar work is being done in a convent of Russian nuns at Ainkeram, the home of John the Baptist. ing zone with one little woman phy. sician to help him. He pled for sup- plies and we promised them as speed- ily as possible. By excellent good chance, train number eleven was just reaching Omsk and a hasty wire from Osa headed it up the line to the west. It carried in its bulging freight cars far more sur- gical supplies than the army surgeons had seen for months, and the heartfelt letter of gratitude we later received from General Gaida, on behalf of his officers and men, lightened a little the crushing memory of this distressing battle front. Hi/ 5 75 A 4- The Red Cross Bulletin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 8, 1919 No. 37 THE GREAT HEALTH MOVEMENT Dr. Farrand Presents Peace Pro- gram as Natural Outgrowth of Red Cross Functions That the American Red Cross, through the medium of its peace-time program for the improvement of pub- lic health, may be the means of co- ſº * Copyright Harris & Ewing “No man can say just how any or- ganization or any country can solve every particular problem that con- fronts it. All the discussion that you now hear about the problems of re- construction and readjustment means that there is no wisdom in existence that can solve the fundamental prob- lems of the world as they offer them- selves at present. No organization *… º EXPLAINS LEAGUE TECHNIQUE Mr. Davison Tells About Department Organization for Carrying on World - Wide Work An interesting feature of the recent conference of national and division officers of the Red Cross, at Washing- ton Headquarters, was a talk by Henry EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, AND NATIONAL AND DIVISION OFFICIALS OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS, MEETING AT WASH- INGTON, AUGUST 27, TO CONSIDER NOVEMBER ROLL- CALL AND FIF"TEEN-MILLION-DOLLAR-DRIVE PLANS ordinating the many agencies which for years have been striving to elimi- nate and prevent sickness and disease, was one of the statements made by Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman of the American Red Cross Central Com- mittee, in an address at Red Cross Headquarters on Wednesday, Au- gust 27. Dr. Farrand’s remarks were ad- dressed to the directors of Red Cross departments at headquarters, and man- agers of the fourteen divisions of the organization, who had assembled to discuss plans for the Third Red Cross Roll Call, to be held November 2 to 11. Dr. Farrand said, in part: can speak dogmatically. We can see only the next step ahead; and we do not intend to plunge blindly into the future, hoping to land on our feet. “For us of the Red Cross it is our duty to contribute the best we have to improving general fundamental conditions throughout the country, conditions without the improvement of which the solution of our problems. cannot be reached. How can we con- tribute to the betterment of these fundamental conditions? That ques- tion brings us straight back to this fact—that the war has accentuated and sharpened our realization of certain (Continued on page 5) P. Davison, chairman of the Board of Governors of the League of Red Cross Societies and formerly chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross, on the organization of the world league. Explaining the depart- ments through which the league will function, Mr. Davison said: “The gathering of health and med- ical experts at Cannes, preliminary to the organization of the League of Red Cross Societies, was probably the most notable conference of scientists ever held in the world. America was most gloriously represented, as were France, Great Britain, Italy and Japan. (Continued on page 7) 2 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN FROM THE DIARY OF AN R. C. COMMUNITY NURSE This Simple Recital of a Day's Work in the Rapidly Developing Scheme of Public Health Nursing Shows Value of Idea The bantam hen which lives next door has a young rooster among her summer's family. He crowed his first crow last week, and finds it so fas- cinating he can’t stop. I jumped out of bed this morning, at six-thirty, to look at him through the wet dahlias. He's much better than an alarm-clock, and I can’t help chuckling every time I see him teetering back and forth on the white-washed fence. One of my windows looks across the street to the Red Cross Health Center, and the other down the dusty white turnpike to Haggerty's general store. The garage is just back of the Center, hardly two jumps from my office door, so I picked up my hat, and my “kit” and with my Red Cross cape across my arm, went down to oil and water “Peggy” before breakfast. Fifteen minutes to nine we were sail- ing down the road, “hitting on all four cylinders,” on the way to school. Every fence corner is bright now with asters and goldenrod, and you see the farmers hauling their sticks for the “cuttin' season.” This is tobacco country and the hillsides are getting “yaller with the mellowing crop.” “Aw, Miss Em’ly, gimmer a ride?” I drew up and soon Pegagus is snorting along with as many young- sters as she can carry. “Whatcher gonna do today, Miss Em’ly?” “Are we goin’ ter have anuther tooth-brush drill?” “Say, Nurse, stay till twelve today, will yer? An' then we won't have any lessons.” Eight-year-old Sally Lou snuggles against my arm: “We didn’t have half so much fun before we got a Red Cross nurse.” When school opened, at nine o'clock, there were two mothers sitting on the platform near Teacher's desk. “We just wanted to hear what you'd say about Tommie's throat,” they whisper apologetically, as I line up the primer class for inspection. One thing has impressed me especially about this district of mine: Now that I seem to have gained their confidence, the mothers are even willing to leave their churning, and to “hitch up the buggy mare themselves to hear what you've got to say.” One of these women fol: lowed me out after the inspection had closed at ten-thirty, when I was mar- shaling my three “finds” for Doctor Anderson’s orthopedic clinic. “Nurse,” she began, “I had to leave Hester May at home; her back's al- ways ailin’ and she can’t walk to school. I sorta wish you could stop by and take her along with the others.” “Peggy” puffed indignantly up the dry creek bottom, but we were mighty glad we’d come when we saw Hester May. Her mother took her on her lap in the front seat, and with our load of “patients,” down we jostled and bumped to Dr. A.'s clinic. He smiled as he raised up from examin- ing Hester May’s crooked little back. “Braces’ll fix her up—but I’m tell- ing you, Miss Williams, you're not bringing her here any too soon.” I explained to her mother what he meant. She nodded thoughtfully when I broached the question of price. “Well, I guess my egg-an’-butter money’ll stretch,” she said. “O’ course, I'll buy them, if you'll tell me how.” On the way home I stopped to see little Dora Graves and her new baby. She’s one of our young war-brides, and we’ve moved her bed over to the window so she can see her big soldier- farmer husband moving slowly up and down the bright rows of tobacco. She blushed when I laughed at her. “You’ve caught me watching him Ż ** * º * | | --- 3. % “My, how quick you do it— when’ll I be able to get up—Doctor said pretty soon now.” “Is Jim getting tired of cooking?” “Oh, no,” came her answer quickly. “He’s powerful good about it—that’s what makes me feel so mean lyin' here doin' nothin’ when I could be up easy enough.” I thought of all those tired-eyed farmers' wives who had “gotten up too soon after their first baby.” As I folded back the blanket for her bath, I made up my mind that here was one woman who should be spared all that backache, and pain and ner- vousness if I could help it. . . Ren Kirk's burns are not doing as well as they should. When he was taking his threshing machine out of the barn, the valves jammed against the door, and were torn away, holding him a prisoner as the steam blew off. I think I’ll get Dr. Addoms to come out and see him tomorrow. . . . Bed- side nursing is one of the most inter- esting things I do here on Miller's Ridge. I’ll never forget how I found Ren in that hot, stuffy, red-papered room, his wounds dressed with coarse sheeting he had torn himself—he's a bachelor. He was delirious when I arrived. Now he's out on the porch, with netting tacked up to keep off the flies, and he says he watches for “Peggy” and his dressings much more eagerly than he does for the “hired man” to bring his meals. The dinner bells were ringing up and down Main Street when I drew * * & º :-º --> * * * * * RED CROSS COMMUNITY NURSE STARTING FROM COMMUNITY CENTER ON HER DAILY ROUND OF DUTY THE RED CR O S S B U L LET IN - 3 up again in front of the Red Cross Health Center. I filed my school re- ports before going home to luncheon. >k >k >k >{< >k >k You've got no idea how faithfully the women come to our Baby Wel- fare Conferences, now we’ve got a special clinic. When the Red Cross Chapter took over Judge Andrew's lar certificate. They are doing very nicely indeed. Yesterday one of them ran out and flagged “Peggy” as I was going by. “Come see my baby's bed what I made l’’ In the back yard was a soap-box with what looked like a glorified chicken-coop all scrubbed and white- ºn % | * *ALL AIROAHRD FOR THE DENTIST’S 29 SOUND TEETH ARE ESSENTIAL TO SOUND HEALTH, AND THE COMMUNITY NURSE SEES THAT THE “KIDDIES” ARE STARTED ON THE RIGHT ROAD house for a Health Center, they gave us a big, sunny room on the first floor, and fitted it up with scales, files, chairs, etc. Twenty-one mothers brought their youngsters in this after- noon. Dr. Addoms prescribed a change in diet for Johnny Martin– his mother reported he was “fretty and cried a lot.” The scales also showed that he wasn’t coming on as he should. Cow’s milk doesn’t suit him, and I’ll be mighty interested to see how the new feeding works out. One hard thing to teach these mothers is that they musn't give their young babies whole milk; it’s invariably too high in butter fat. But they are so proud of their jerseys that they can't seem to believe that it will make trouble. Three o’clock this afternoon is the time for my class in “Little Mothers.” We have a button mill here—our only claim to being a “manufacturing cen- ter”–and I started this class of ten- year-olds to teach them how to take care of their younger brothers and sisters while their mothers are at the mill. We give them a modification of the regular course in Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick offered to the older girls and women, and present them with a card instead of the regu- washed on top of it, and inside, on a pillow, Buddy rolled and kicked as happily in the fresh air as if he were in a $25 perambulator. By four-fifteen my last little strag- gler had gone home. Dr. J. was hav- ing a dental clinic next door, and I looked in to see some of my “school finds” of this morning before I sat down at my desk to plan out tomor- row’s work. Four visits to make at homes of school children, to call their parents’ attention to physical defects which in- terfered with their children's prog- ress. Wherever you find mental re- tardation at school, you are almost sure to find adenoids or bad eyes or perhaps malnutrition at home ! A meeting of the County Board of Health about clearing up Charlston Bottom, which breeds most of our mosquitoes and malaria. A visit to Aunt Partheny, whose tuberculosis seems to be checked some- what by her tent outdoors. A visit to the tenants “up the Creek,” where there’s always typhoid. And so the schedule runs, until the late afternoon sun coming through the screened door slants across my eyes, and I look up to see it's after five o’clock, and the day’s work is over. MESSAGES ON PICTURE CARDS Sent by Children of Russia as Tokens of Their Love for the “Dear American Children” “We like Americans who come here.” “Dear American children, come to see us and let us play to- gether.” So say the youngsters of North Russia. Dozens of colored picture cards, each bearing one or the other of these messages or else something very much like it, have come to the Junior Mem- bership Department at Red Cross Na- tional Headquarters from the children of the “Dom Trudolubia” orphanage in Archangel. The messages are care- fully written on pencil ruled lines on the backs of the colored cards. They are in Russian script, but those large, well-rounded letters with just a sug- gestion of a wabble in the penciling are the letters that always spell eight- year-old—whatever the language. The pictures have the same childish appeal as their inscriptions. A few of them are painted in gorgeous blue and green water colors, but the greater number are lead pencil draw- ings with just a garnish of crayon coloring, much or little according to the taste of the artist. Some are land- scapes, with windmills, and green hills, and narrow domed churches. Others are sea pictures, with red boats and indigo water. One small realist has contributed a drawing of an interior. The red chalked table is set with a tall samovar and several unidentified articles of the general nature of plates; the floor space is adorned at intervals by two red chalked chairs, a yellow hen, a man of the house, and a tiny girl; the wall panorama includes a nail with hat and coat, a window with potted plant, and a pair of portieres drawn aside to reveal the bed beyond. Older people have joined the children in thanking the American Red Cross for the cocoa and crackers distributed in Archangel schools last winter. Only a few days ago there was re- ceived at headquarters a most im- pressive testimonial from the City Duma of Archangel. It is a large volume bound in heavy Morocco with a metal mounting in bas relief, and its two pages express in Russian and in English the gratitude of the city of Archangel to the American Red Cross. By the same mail that brought the testimonial from the city fathers came another package from the children of the “Dom Trudolubia.” This package contained a newspaper file made by the boys of the orphanage, and a table scarf worked by the girls. 4. THE RED GRoss B UL LET IN Neº-.. THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN - PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY suBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross WoodRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. TAF't. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President RoBERT W. DE FoREST . . . . . . . . . . ... Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . ... e. e. e. e. e º e s tº e e Secretary Livingston FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLoughby WALLING... . . . . . . . . . Wice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager , ºt WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 8, 1919 Everybody's Red Cross Membership in the Red Cross, slightly paraphrasing the words of President Wilson in connection with a former appeal to the people of the country, is the spirit of humanity in terms of action. The world war de- veloped the humanitarian spirit of America on lines that made it an in- spiration to all civilization. No single agency can serve to better advantage in preserving the fruits of that in- spiration to the rest of mankind than the American Red Cross. That is one of the reasons why the membership should be kept at the high level at th close of the war. * Nor does this mean that a still higher level should not maintain, nor that in course of time the desirable universal membership may not be real- ized. The youth of the land, organ- ized under the banner of the Junior Red Cross, in a comparatively few years will constitute an army of citi- zens as great or greater than the pres- ent society. With the spirit of serv- ice thoroughly inculcated, it will be as natural for the boys and girls of today to assume the obligations of the mature organization on reaching the legal age as to accept any of the re- sponsibilities associated with citizen- ship. Meanwhile, a duty of the chap- ters is to prevent any reaction inimical to the solidarity of the existing mem- bership. This year, in fact, may be said to mark the crucial period with respect to the future greatness of the Amer- ican Red Cross. Keeping up the spirit at this time means an inspiration to those who are to follow us, and will lead to practically automatic registra- tion in connection with Roll-Calls in the years to come. The task of com- batting reaction or indifference, due to the relaxing of war-time enthu- siasm, should be found easier by reason of the dual incentive to continuance of interest—the necessity of providing for the administration of immediate relief in places made wretched by the war, as well as the inauguration of the general peace-time program in be- half of human welfare at home and abroad. - - The Red Cross belongs to all the people; and it should be everybody’s in letter as well as spirit. Member- ship is the key. The spirit is om- nipresent—and the heart responds when the mind understands. If the campaign workers see to it that there is full understanding, success will be sure to follow. Serbia—And Elsewhere On the last page of this number of THE BULLETIN there is reproduced a map which has been prepared to show the extent and variety of Amer- ican Red Cross relief work in Serbia, where the spark that put the world in flames was struck—a country isolated in its unspeakable suffering from the rest of civilization until after the sign- ing of the armistice. A study of this map, through the legendary key appended, will afford possibly a better understanding of what Red Cross work means in this and similarly afflicted countries than volumes of literature on the subject. Everyone knows, of course, that the American Red Cross sent expeditions to all the reopened countries where help was needed at the earliest possi- ble moment. Undoubtedly few, how- ever, realize how far-reaching the re- lief is, with respect to the different lands in question. A pardonable pop- ular idea has been that the work is concentrated in cities where the need —º seems the greatest and most reachable. But the map shows that the relief is spread far and wide. The system embraces all sections and their vary- ing needs. Aside from the stations for the distribution of supplies to meet urgent bodily distress needs, there are centers for the administration of many activities looking to rehabilitation and health. Here is a school for nurses, and there a dispensary. Here is a bakery and yonder a canteen. In some place a hospital is being aided and in another a children’s home supported. One designation tells of relief by an agricultural unit and another of a well driven to provide pure water. From the dots on the map it would seem that for every place where there is a need, a Red Cross unit to meet it is on duty. The Red Cross map of Serbia is typical of maps that might be pre- sented of other Balkan states, Poland, and even of the vast areas of Siberia and Eastern Russia. With such cam- paigns against the ravages of disease, and in behalf of suffering peoples freed from the shackles of autocracy, it surely will not be long before the world is wagging again in a fairly nor- mal way. The American Red Cross drive for $15,000,000, in November, is for the purpose of fulfilling our part of the obligation. - - Dr. Bayne Again Decorated Dr. J. Breckenridge Bayne, of Washington, D. C., who saved South- ern Roumania from the scourge of typhus during the German occupa- tion of 1917-1918, and who received the highest decoration from King Ferdinand, has again been honored by that government, receiving the Order of the Regina Maria, First Class, which is one of the most prized Rou- manian decorations. The King and Queen have personally thanked him for his services to the country. Dr. Bayne, whose work among the poor and sick has made his name known in every household, is looked upon by the Roumanian peasants as a sort of national hero. During his two years’ fight against the typhus plague he saved thousands of lives. He now has charge of three American Red Cross hospitals, at Cojascu, Titu and Voinesti, which handle only typhus C3 SeS. - --~~~~~~ * 5 THE RED CRoss B UL LET IN The Great Health Movement (Continued from page 1) conditions, the existence of which has for centuries caused the distress of the world. For the greatest contrib- uting factor in disturbing the happi- ness of mankind reduces in the last instance to questions of physical well- being—to problems of health and dis- ease. A large portion of the disease of the world is preventable disease. Nations have been coming to a point where they realize that fact, and they are turning—the whole world is turn- ing—to organizations of every kind for help in the prevention of prevent- able disease. There has been no hesi- tation in reaching the conclusion that the great problem of the world is the problem of disease. “This is not talk; it is fact. We are now seeing that these things that have been known for years by science —by medical science—are being real- ized by the people. And the ques- tion the people are everywhere asking is ‘What are we to do?’ They are looking for help; they are looking for guidance; and they naturally look to the organizations that are built upon such a basis and have been guided in | such a way as to beget confidence. “And the organization in this coun- | try that is best fitted to take the lead- ership in this great movement—this thrilling, inspiring movement—is the Red Cross. American Red Cross is not going to turn its back on its responsibilities. It is going to assume them. And our own question is ‘What can we do to accomplish this task?' IS A LOCAL FIGHT “We hear people say constantly, ‘Why does not our Government, why does not Congress, take the leader- ship—legislate and provide for the accomplishment of those things that we know ought to be done?’ Con- gress cannot do it because in the United States the States are sovereign. The United States Government has not the power to do this thing. We must look to our States; we must look to our municipalities and local author- ities. The fight against disease, the fight for the improvement of health, is a local fight. “I am emphasizing this because you will see very clearly that for this reason, again, the Red Cross becomes peculiarly fitted to act in the circum- stances. We are organized in such a way as to meet this difficulty, for it is the local group of Red Cross people that is the operating unit, and therefore it is the local group that can attack such problems as those I have mentioned. Red Cross Headquarters For that reason the would produce results. at Washington can give advice, but it always counts upon the local group to conduct the actual fight. “It is only within six years that there was a state law passed in the United States that even approached an ade- quate public health law. It is now the best public health law in existence. It was passed in New York and was quickly followed by a similar one in Massachusetts, and since that time by various other States. You cannot do these things in a day. You must first build up a mass of public opinion. Consequently, such a movement is slow, and there still remains the neces- sity for stimulating by private activity a realization of the opportunity, a real- ization of all that can be accomplished. VALUE OF COORDINATION “But in the building up of all these movements, of all these private groups, we found that they became inex- tricably entangled; that there is over- lapping and confusion and waste. You get not one, or two or three, but you find a dozen of these movements, and so for the last ten years leaders in this field have been dreaming of the possi- bility of coordinating them. Tubercu- losis was not the one great problem of the world; it was one side of the great problem of the world. Infant mortality was not the one great prob- lem of the world; it was one aspect of it. All of these movements were sim- ply different sides of the great prob- lem of the improvement of health and the prevention of disease and misery. And so, I say, for ten years the lead- ers have been trying to find a method of bringing these things together; of getting the energy so united that there would be a massed movement that We have never been able to find the necessary coordinating agency. There was no public agency that could do it. Then the war came and accentuated the necessity. We began to realize more distinctly than we ever had before the essential value to the country of hav- ing its vitality at the highest level. “What did Secretary Lane tell you yesterday? The great point of his dis- cussion was the shocking fact of the high percentage of unfit, young men in the very best years of their lives, and that the problem America had to face was to change the conditions and tmake that sort of thing impossible. “We have at last come to the point of realizing that this is the great prob- lem we have to face. The whole world has realized it, and now that the war is ended there appears, by reason of the war, an organization that has the power to do this thing which for years has needed to be done but could not be done. That organization is the Red Cross. Are we not going to take advantage of this possibility? Of course we are going to take advantage of it. We cannot accomplish our end by getting up and saying, ‘We are the great Red Cross; we are the only or- ganization that is fit to deal with tuber- culosis, or this or that disease.” What we are going to say is, ‘We have here an Organization that represents every One of the national interests; that knows no party whatever; that knows no creed whatever; that has attached to it every type of man, woman and child in the United States, and we pro- pose to put this energy behind the great movement for coordinating and bringing these interests, so far as pos- sible, together.’ º “That, in a general way, is what I conceive to be this so-called health program of the Red Cross. It is not for us to say at this time just how this work is to be done, but I know it is entirely possible. Without in the slightest degree grasping or usurping the field of any other organization, we can get behind these bodies and in- Sert a new kind of cement, a new kind of binding material, that will hold them together so that they will find that they are forming one great for- ward movement for the welfare of the country. NURSING PROGRAM FIRST STEP “And we are beginning to see the activities of the Red Cross that will help to this end. The biggest activity in this field which the Red Cross has already undertaken is the great nurs- ing program. The entire modern health movement depends upon the adequate development of the visiting nurse. We are doing the most im– portant thing in taking that step first. “But do not think because this field of health is to be the big, funda- mentally important problem of the Red Cross, that we intend to drop our other responsibilities. Don't forget for a moment that all of these other activi- ties of the Red Cross—home service, which has meant so much to this coun- try in the years of the war, and dis- aster relief, one of the prime objects of the Red Cross—are to be carried on as enthusiastically as before. This movement for health is in no way an- tagonistic to any other function of the Red Cross. - “Ladies and gentlemen, you have a great opportunity before you. You have the biggest opportunity that pri- vate American citizens have ever had. I, for one, am absolutely certain that the Red Cross is going to be success- ful, and I congratulate you—that you have the opportunity of becoming ac- tive participants in this great work.” 6 THE RED cross B ULLET IN SPECIAL SERVICE IN THE GAMPS Red Cross Help in Solving Troubles of Men in Uniform Reaches High Tide in July A total of 974,506 men were reported as stationed in, or passing through, Army and Navy establish- ments, in which representatives of the Bureau of Camp Service of the Amer- ican Red Cross were stationed during July. Almost invariably Red Cross representatives are the first to greet new arrivals in these establishments, and the last to talk with those leaving, in addition to their constant service in keeping with the men during their stay to see that everything possible is done for them. Special service was rendered to 34,015 of these men in July in assisting to straighten out their difficulties, and, in addition, informa- tion on various sub- jects was reported as given to 57,947 other individuals. Of the 34,015 cases requiring spe- cial service, such as communication with government departments, Or home communities, 6,163 involved dif- ficulties with allot- ments and allow- ances, 3,455 con- cerned undelivered Liberty Bonds, and 4,063 cases had to * ^ % do with other phases of the Gov- ernment's program —compensation, insurance, and back pay. A total of 3,670 other cases in- volved personal problems of men in service, and in 1,848 cases men asked for relief for their families through local Home Service Sections. There were 3,174 investigations and adjustments, mainly through local chapters, looking toward reestablish- ment of men in civilian life and pro- viding for their care after discharge from service. In addition to 4,298 other investigations for the benefit of the men, 5,846 requests for miscella- neous friendly aid were taken care of. Rapid demobilization is reducing the number of men in uniform, but the obligation of the Red Cross re- mains relatively the same, as the last men to be discharged from camp or mº & | # % hospital must receive the same service that has been rendered to the thou- sands who have already returned; and one of the most important phases of this work is designated as Home Service. In fact, the demand for Home Service increases as its possi- bilities become better known, as shown by the fact that in March, with a large number of men in military and naval establishments, 25,273 cases in- volving Home Service were reported as handled, with a steadily increasing number of cases each month, in spite of the decreasing number of men in service, until the greatest number for a single month—34,015—were re- ported for July. |Hºlmſ |||}|\{Wilſº ºn lºſſillº gº tº gºt tº III ſºlºss | % Ż A CORNER OF RED CROSS HEADQUARTERS AT CAMP UPTON Typical of the Administration Offices at the Various Camps, from which Special Service Work for Soldiers Is Directed Home Service for the man still in uniform means help in untangling his personal difficulties and those of his home folks; giving him information and advice, and providing the connect- ing link in a program which assures to the man and his family neighborly helpfulness in ordinary difficulties, and the more careful attention of friends in case of sickness or disabil- ity. Such a program allays unrest among the men and promotes the wel- fare of the family. It has been stated that Red Cross Home Service among families is best defined in its work and its opportuni- ties. This breadth of definition is just as applicable to the service among the men in uniform. Each of these phases of service is limited only by the op- portunities presented, and each is de- pendent in large measure upon the other. The application of the best plans for the welfare of men could hardly be made uniform among four millions, under the stress of war. Conse- quently, it is not surprising that men in the service have many difficulties which the Red Cross is called upon to assist in clearing up: Liberty Bonds fully paid for have not been delivered; allotments and allowances need straightening out; there is back pay due ; confusion has developed regard- ing government insurance, compensa- tion, and vocational training; many for- eign-born need help in completing nat- uralization; bag- gage and personal property must be located, and va- rious claims must be verified. More important than any of these difficulties, serious as they become, are the troubles of the home folks. Things did not always run Smoothly when the man was home, but at least he was there to do what could be done and knew just what was happening, but when he must be away, d is t a nice magnifies difficul- ties and multiplies worries. The wife or mother may be in need of money, medical care, or just old-fashioned friendliness; the children may be un- ruly or sick, or business matters may need attention. The knowledge of any of these difficulties at home with- out the possibility of personally look- ing into them, very naturally becomes a burdensome worry and a cause of unrest to the man still in the service. Representatives of the Bureau of Camp Service are at hand to assist in handling all of these problems of the well men, and, in addition, there is the necessity of rendering service to the sick and wounded, which involves handling not only the same general difficulties which concern well men, but the far more difficult task of as- sisting the man who must face life with a handicap, to readjust himself to conditions. * | * Ø THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN - 7 Explains League Technique (Continued from page 1) During our conference, China knocked at our door and we let her in. “I said, ‘We are not here to tell you what to do. We believe that we can present to you the world as a forum, and we would like to ask you what you would like to do with it. What can the Red Cross societies do to aid the peoples of the world and the administering of the benefits which science produces?' We then laid be- fore them the suggestion of the League of Red Cross Societies. “We are now organized, and our headquarters are at Geneva. We have an administration of a Board of Gov- ernors, of which I am the chairman. We have a director-general who has the powers which I possess, because they are delegated by the chairman to the director-general. We have three departments, the Development Depart- ment, the Medical Department and the Relief Department. “I shall treat first of the Develop- ment Department. W. Frank Persons is the head of this department. The department will operate in this way: It at once establishes relations with every country in the world, with the idea of developing the Red Cross or- ganization of each country. If, per- chance, there should be no Red Cross organization, the Development De- partment will see that one is estab- lished. All the operations are per- formed primarily through the govern- ments of each country. The Devel- opment Department will simply aid the development of a Red Cross or— ganization by acquainting it with the practices of other Red Cross socie- ties. It is planned that later a dele- gation from Geneva shall visit each country. This delegation would be composed of a man who would speak the language of the country, his secre- tary, a publicity expert and a practical Red Cross worker. They would show the Red Cross organization how to develop, how to get members, how to develop chapters, how to carry on the work which the Red Cross has done, etc. “The Medical Department, of which Dr. Richard P. Strong, of Harvard, is the head, operates next. The ques- tion is: What are you organizing your Red Cross in these countries for 2 In thinking of this, I do not think of America, or Great Britain, or France; I think of Africa, of South America, the Far East, or the Balkan States. In this Medical Department are various bureaus–Bureau of Nursing, Child Welfare, Tuberculosis, Sanita- tion, Venereal Diseases, etc. At the head of each bureau will be a recog- nized specialist in his line. The Bu- reau of Child Welfare, for instance, will be presided over by a specialist in child welfare. He will communicate with all Red Cross societies in the world, informing them of the latest- date practice in child welfare. He will inform them of what can be done in the interest of the mother and the child. He will supply any informa- tion that will be helpful, which is available, by literature, by moving pic- tures, by sending specialists to a coun- try upon invitation from that coun- try, etc. That organization, therefore, will be acquainted with everything that is being done in this day in the interest of the child. “As that message is given to them on child welfare, so it will be given them for nursing—what a nurse should be supplied with, how nurses are enrolled in America, and the like. “The idea is not that the Red Cross societies of Montenegro, Liberia, Ser- bia, Paraguay, or Uruguay shall, by themselves, undertake to do child wel- fare work. They will undertake merely to stimulate the natural agen- cies within those countries to do child welfare work. They will not under- take to combat tuberculosis, but will, by informing all societies, stimulate the agencies within their countries to combat tuberculosis. They will awaken a sentiment for sanita- tion; they will not themselves engage in sanitary work. As scientific information is conveyed to a Red Cross organization, it, in turn, will go to the various natural agencies in the coun- try, or, if there be none, it will be seen to that some are de- veloped; and the re- sult of that entire movement will be that every country in the world will be in- formed of the latest science and the latest practice in the inter- est of the welfare of people. “There is one other very interesting bu- reau under the Medi- cal Department—the Bureau of Research. It is not contemplated that there will be anyone in Geneva do- ing research work, but only that this bu- à º % Here is a group of Chautauqua “talent.” amiable young men on each side are the “tent-crew.” They may go to one of our big universities in the winter, but during the summer months they “take to the open road with the Chautauquas,” and see that the tent is up, and that there’s someone to take in the tickets at the gate, and that the “talent” has hotel accommodations and a Ford to carry them to their next town fifty miles off the nearest railroad in the mountains. you like to go inside this big tent to hear the Dixie Duette sing plantation songs, and to listen to this Red Cross nurse tell you about her experiences in “the biggest base hospital of the A. E. F. in France”; and especially to tell you what you can do in the Red Cross crusade for community health? reau shall coordinate the work of oth— ers doing research work in the various parts of the world. If Dr. Flexner should discover a serum which is im- portant and new—and it could not be otherwise if Dr. Flexner should dis- cover it—the fact would be communi- cated to Geneva, where the Bureau of Research would inform all parts of the world regarding the development of this serum. It would inform each Red Cross Society regarding each develop- ment in science. There is another fac- tor which is very important; it would bring together those working on re- search so that each would know what the other was working upon. “As to the third department, the Department of Relief, little has been done with that except the coordination of the endeavor of various organiza- tions to carry relief to Central Europe and other places where relief is so necessary. In time, the idea is that the Red Cross will be, so to speak, in the nature of a fire department, to be called upon as needed. It is in- tended that there shall be coordination of the endeavors of relief on the part of the various Red Cross organiza- tions. “That, very briefly, is the purpose of the League. I am very happy to say that it is making very good prog- ress.” º ºr AT THE EDGE OF THE “BIG TOP.” The two Wouldn’t THE RED C Ross B UL LET IN . sº CT . . .” * sº A U S T R I A H U N ( 1) S CT- (:HA G • ? Bºysłº, . -*. * d A I eſ. (‘T o $ a2 SK Ti () C { - / CHA sewin sº D 0 ºf 0 cr R JV A | < $4}\}, . 2-r ºf º, ;: * º ******tes. . SHABATS.Nº. of ºf V. * *—º wº CT *~~~ gº T *AD 0.*%-42. c. crº-erº k - ºz., Cº hiſ Novars SEMEN.º.º. & Jºr-Chºś. CT 2: 3D/O.º. ºvht . Gracts, “CT - *~. Mºuza' & O.D/Uz.9Aſ of Zandºw (T-O - cº, CT.A.- : * ~. & Jºſeºsa c'òT CT V CT %:... PoSHARVATS ºr cro % , , CT Žatºrs cºw" *º 6" CT- & T F3 Boºt $. -- - CT * * Jºe4. 33%a. * } - CT o 0% - *Rosanjøe - olludoro -> zy CT oz/; SCT () CT * D. MILANOVATs” CT *R-("HA CT £T %aw: Jºaº Jiaxau43%; CT #º Auſt/da, ØLºſ Zaxº~\re % saaza S. HAC CT - - *:::ge CT-04M t . ºfa CT PATAN #A-q 3.”:% cºpp B %}}ºsa CT "...nzio Y. . z Zoolºº Wºj) (ºciº perfová'ís & ~ . . . - at T () z...ºf" ºna 4-" oCT Zozº,...}, .CT MA *%áero * Cº. ºf T claw. D-CT A.es/roro *92:... 2 CHA-HA- () . . . Sãon. Poport. ... f* !CA-MA erats. z;"| C’ſ Sºnaa º Zaya&sa º: *Nºgorº l 09 fa -- ° CT-MA-() CT, CT *alſº *~~ CT - * Cryer Jºž Zañe Jºoſe Aº C # Y. * … " * cº, Cºsa" ºf: ~. o “I”. Q: W., © - CT q:/#axzzy ~~~ CT HA-O º Jºevojerazs Jasºo.32°Sæ A o 6%. HA+"g % r * Ayoºla CT-MA KRAGUEVATS alº * ºrºgº. 2- \, MA Rosâct */ Žiža . ºm # D () § **onia, HAMA-O - j - © •Tº f- - - - - .* A & ºt. st; fºr ‘. , CT r º . . Xºr-A* 6. f ſr. () Hºº - CNQAeſºpa - vić/anztchd ; . - \, UZICE Cº. A.:” **** -- 2.4%.9%4 \, , cº- - º gº Abſofºº y *~. X, . :-c Tij () () ~ &ex HA k *~~~...~" * . KRALIEVON " CT CT-HA*): à y º CHA arrº, , ºp- v_* f 47-48stºya 2Soho.23anda (. Auy& ^. ** * r * * & HA • - * gºº, *. - f hº # *% \f- 9. • Wºo - Jasy 9". 1A-() . j. v_{ - HA-() wrat *HA Aleksaaz, %ugoraſs T \ CT. () CT * . . . Byånegas", - - - - - “* 9 Now hºws, gTo \ Tº ſº. D0% ...:”, N Ç & c 3 *Y. - (‘’i º *A*s * ~~ - CT - Aerº sº, - Aºsniſsa A- \ * - XºA:sh \ º \ - rſ: $. I AI-CT-HA I)-CT-O & V. o P fie CT? SK - O S- ~~~~ Yohogºff jº Hålantſ. ºf 9. W. CT *~~ \-/ N ºwązar Al-CT-HA - CT º } º 2^ " * M ITR()VITSA Y {\s Facilra _2^ * . So A : LEGENI)S: O * ſºná, nºſ. \ - - Ipekjia-CT } PRISH |NA . () F A Agricultural Unit / CT - - CT …’ Al Agricultural Implements Furnished ** ...” HAIM) Aſ Af § - p * ** * * | ANJEvoºrD0% VRANJE $97 °CH f - B. Bakery Operated * { BA Bakery Aided with Flour Donations . cº. *… S BH Bath House - - CT-D fºre Á BL. Bacteriological Laboratory CT-I) Mºa cTY A C’ſ & - * $: flºusha Gask. Peñº.” ^ C C I)-CT-CH º *N. Xanteen . H () CT - 2 - * . - N sk “r- CT * - CD Construction. Department o PBIZRÉN tºº, ºtºkanº Anº, .. gºº., CT .'ſ HA- CT’ - CH Children's Home Supported #. \ CHA Children's Homie Assisted CT & - \ . . . . . B&ſateane ..gr *: CH Charcoal Distribution CT ...e. Jºratoro ^-> ... . * * - - CT-MAaTetovo == A}siasts ~~1 CT Cities and Towns Aided with Food and Clothing S-sesſopje cf 3 º - s - * d Al * furn, sº, f - I} Dispensary HTY (Y C *Y. d Dental Clinic *> *D9 g MA N * . e St Mikoła \ 3 da Dental Unit Sent - } Do DISTRICT ORGANIZATIO ST **, S- DR Dressing Station . . . * Wºles \ F Flour Mill - cravº. 2 GS Garbage and Street Cleaning - r ~~~~ / H Hospital * ; : TN-ºxo~~ 2- --~~~~ . . . . . . . . ." . . . . . *::crºP # HA Hospital Aided with Supplies, tº; KAVADAR ºp Oº k I Infirmary CT & . \ ". .. & tº º e Mouskerv CT*CFIA CT Astººd, *~~~~ MA Medical Aid given Town - °Pºlº, }^---*~~~~ N Nursing School \ , () Ouvroir & - * - CT; %2% RC Hefugee Colony Gerſ * - * * - * E. .* S Disinfecting Station [,] SK Soup Kitchen. W Warehouse WD Wood Camp Operated Wy. Wells Driven to Provide Pure Water HH |Distribution Base WL HA-" CT SK ('HA . % {. §D 0 O • . 2. - June 7, 1919 R - >{...... - RC º -- E E C E. ĺ DOD - tº LVTRA. BH THE AMERICAN RED CROSS IN SERBIA This Map Shows the Many and Varied Relief Activities that are Being Carried on Under the Direction of the Commission Dispatched Soon After the Reopening of Serbia to the Outside World * , 575 º *. A4 The SEP20 1919 Tèed Cross Bulletin Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 15, 1919 No. 38 INFORMATION IS AXIS OF NEW HOME SERVICE War-Time Experience in Aiding Soldiers and Soldiers' Families Seeking Counsel to be Utilized to the Full in Peace Program Information Service is one of those war-time developments which prom- ises to continue as a central feature of the peace-time social program. Be- cause furnishing information to fam- ilies has been the means of estab- lishing an initial useful, informal, fraternal contact which has led nat- urally to exten- sion of those fur- ther more per- sonal and inti- mate ministrations which character- ize Home Serv- ice at its best, the Information Serv- ice has become the very heart in which the entire program for sol- % N matter how foolish it may appear, shall be given the most careful and immediate consideration. The Information Service will in- clude an infinite variety of unusual, ××× could be measured only by the de- voted, painstaking personal attention of alert, sympathetic men and women, imbued with keen appreciation of the genuine, human helpfulness of infor- mation promptly and accurately given. National Headquarters visions a serv- ice which will be as well prepared to guide the inquirer on a local sight- seeing expedition, as to the proper hos- pital for orthopedic care for a child. It will be fully as important a part of the service to help a young wo- man stranger find safe and econom- ical lodgings, as to inform a con- cerned citizen re- garding the provi- sions of the child 1abor law of the state. Indeed, the essence of the service will lie in the resourceful- ness, and devotion and zeal to be of help, of the men § diers and their and women who families has cen– staff the informa- tered. In its - tion centers. touch with over - Perhaps the 700,000 - families AMERICAN RED CROSS DOCTORS AND NURSES ON STEPS OF IYEYSAN TEMPLE AT most important of service men NIKKO, JAPAN, EN ROUTE TO OMSK, 3,000 MILES INLAND ON THE TRANS- aid afforded the - SIBERIAN RAILROAD. - since December, Home Service 1917, more than 80 per cent made their first contact with the Red Cross seek- ing information, and not financial re- lief. The experience of Home Serv- ice workers in providing information about insurance, allowances and al- lotments, bonuses, compensation, voca- tional training, state laws protecting soldiers’ families, etc., has convinced them that many other families are in real need of accurate information and reliable counsel. For the same reasons a new Infor- mation Service is to be the axis on which the peace-time program of Home Service is to revolve. It has been agreed that the Red Cross must be so equipped that any question, no personal, seemingly trivial (but per- haps vitally important to the inquirer) - -X- - --- Essence of Information Service Red Cross Information Service will attempt to dis- cover and make available, all the resources of kindliness and justice of nation, state and locality, to help establish brotherliness, neighborliness, and happiness in the commu- nity. - 3. - º queries, of a sort which could not possibly be anticipated, and which worker in dealing with soldiers’ prob- lems was the Information Hand Book, a loose leaf compilation of facts concerning government regulation and problems, sources of aid, etc., which was constantly corrected and revised, from National Headquarters. This was so carefully worded, arranged, and indexed, that the Home Service worker could promptly straighten out the most intricate difficulties with con- fidence. Such a hand book is just as necessary in peace time as in war. Steps are under way to provide such a handbook, which, in the possession of the seasoned people who have pro- vided the information and legal serv- ice in the past, will form a nucleus T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN for the similar, but broader peace- time Information Service. At National Headquarters, Ward Bonsall, director of the Bureau of In- for the similar, but broader peace- of Civilian Relief, has under way plans for the development of handbooks of information in each of the States, and in several of the division Depart- ments of Civilian Relief, preliminary steps are being taken to assemble the necessary information for the devel- opment of these handbooks. Experience indicates that very much of the information sought relates to “social laws.” For instance, victims of industrial accidents and their fam- ilies, who are entitled to compensa- tion under state or federal workmen’s compensation laws, need information about these laws and how to file claims, and they need to be protected from the “ambulance chasing” species of lawyer. Relatively few places have legal aid societies. In States which enacted mothers' pension laws, for the purpose of keeping together the family which has lost its breadwinner, information should be made readily available to widows as to how to take advantage of their provisions. Simi- larly, information about laws relating to the custody, prºtection and adop; of . articles of association of the tion of children; the appointment of guardians and school attendance; laws relating to the insane, feeble-minded and epileptic; child-labor, woman- labor, immigration, desertion and non- support and naturalization laws, must frequently be evoked in behalf of fam- ilies who are in trouble. Another major demand for infor- mation relates to public and private, state and local, institutions and agen- cies for the care of the sick, tuber- culous, insane, feeble-minded, crim- inal and dependent. It is of vital im- portance to large numbers of people to have accurate and authoritative in- formation about how to use these in- stitutions and agencies. Except in perhaps a dozen cities which publish directories of social agencies, this in- formation is totally lacking in mobi- lized and readily accessible form. There would also be in this hand- book an outline provided for the in- dividual community to guide it in com- piling information about its local re- sources, social agencies, ordinances and regulations. Thus the efforts of local, division and national offices will be exhausted in every case that the smallest need may be supplied. - A check for $2,281.65 has been re- ceived by the American Red Cross, a legacy from Oscar Hantschick, of Clay County, Nebraska. anew. It stands at a pinnacle of the JOHN HANCOCKS OF WORLD HEALTH IDEA - *- - -- *- – or Gºvernor * gº tº . At the outset the Board of Governors shat! consist of Transitºry five members appointed respectively by the American, - British French, Italian and Japanese Red Cross organi- § prºvisiºns, zations. At the first meeting of the General Council it may designate not more than five national organizations, each of which shall be authorized to appoint a member of the Board for the following two years, and not more than tive other national organizations, each of which shall be - authorized to appoint a member of the Board for the fol- ſ - 7, - lowing four years. Thereafter members of the Board Zºº º º, Zºº. shall be appointed in accordance with the provisions of - - these articles … zºº The first meeting of the General Council shall be º * V& cated by the Chairman of the Board of Governors. - // - *…*…* *…*-* * * * * *-*. - - 22, _ ). A ºf 2 * * * * * * * * * * /. 2^ 22. . ºrze. *… - - - - - < x. 22.2 - - X //, / C / *** § º, ºgº º ºr Cº - , , - - § Z º, 2, , / - - - 2 < * /. C. * */% 2 º %3 …º 2. 27, ºr * & gº & - º º º - - º £3. * * * * * º º º- * ºl º º On the last page of the original Copy peoples, uniting them in a great bond of understanding in the knowledge that after all the limitations and ar- tificial aspects of modern life are eliminated, each has the same claim, the same right to harmonious life. And these signatures in the hand- writing of great men—Henry P. Davison, American Red Cross; Ar- thur Stanley, of the British Red Cross; Count Kergarloy, of France; Fras- cara, of Italy, and Ninagawa, who signs for Japan—men well known and deeply trusted in their respective countries, give validity and virility to a piece of white paper that shall, in the course of events, transmute the hearts of men into receptacles of deeper understanding, with greater comprehension of the common weal, broader appreciation of humanity as a whole and the earnest desire to “mitigate suffering throughout the world.” League of Red Cross Societies, ap- pear the signatures of the founder members, a significant group of names set as a seal upon a significant document, one of the most interest- ing and important papers that has been given life in years, second only to the Treaty of Geneva, of 1864, which brought the Red Cross itself into being. It carries between its lines all the psychology of a world beginning world’s progress, uniting the hearts of all peoples in a common cause. The Red Cross is founded on one of the great truths, one of the living realities that no earthly happening can change—love, altruism, fraternity, sympathy—call it what you will, and because of this, it can become world- wide and can mean the same to all Cited for “Prompt Action” An American Army citation, for “prompt and intelligent action” in an army railroad wreck in France, has been awarded Miss Anna P. Whelpley, of Caldwell, N. J., an American Red Cross nurse. The citation, which is contained in General Order 42, Head- quarters American Expeditionary Forces, is as follows: “On the morning of April 17, 1919, a collision occurred between two pas- senger trains carrying troops near the town of Conlic. Miss Whelpley, on her own initiative, gave information to railway officials, American surgeons and officers of the Ambulance Service, and by her own intelligent efforts organized a relief party which at once proceeded to the scene of the wreck, in advance of the relief train, and ren- dered material service to those in- jured.” THE RED CR O S S BULLET IN - 3. AMERICANISM IS THE KEYNOTE Supplies and Publicity Material for Roll-Call Strikingly Typify Red Cross Spirit Americanism, as the keynote of the third American Red Cross Roll-Call, is typified in the supplies and publicity material which will be used in the campaign. There is simplicity in de- sign and character. Buttons, window service flags, posters, information booklets, and general window displays comprise the stock. All the supplies and material ordered by Red Cross National Headquarters have been manufactured and shipped to division centers, from where, together with additional supplies to be provided di- rectly by the divisions, they will be reshipped to the chapters, and by the chapters, in turn, to branches and auxiliaries. All supplies should reach the chap- ters by the first of October, so that those for use during the actual period of the Roll-Call will be on hand along with those to be used in the prelim- inary campaign. Every person renew- ing or taking out a membership will receive both a button and a service flag. The 1919 posters are four in num- ber. A most striking production is “The Spirit of America,” by Howard Chandler Christy. It is lithographed in eight colors. A silk regimental flag forms the background, directly in front of which stands a Red Cross nurse. At the base of the design are a large red cross and the inscription, “Join.” Haskell Coffin has contributed a wonderful creation in pastel of a Red Cross nurse, which will be known as the “Third Roll-Call” poster. Another poster has to do with the better health program of the Red Cross, and has as the background the “Greatest Mother,” and a text which reads, “Make our Red Cross in Peace as in War—The Greatest Mother in the World.” The fourth poster will be used preliminary to the Roll-Call, and asks for one million volunteer work- ers to enroll at Chapter Headquarters, to obtain members during the period of the Roll-Call, November 2 to 11. The window displays, which will be placed in forty thousand windows, in- cluding those of many of the depart- ment stores in the large cities, con- sist of an illuminated “Join” cut out display. This is a text display during the day time and an illuminated one at night. A window header and a cut-out of the “Spirit of America” poster, and a similar cut-out of the “Greatest Mother” complete the win- dow display. There will be the usual display of four-sheet posters on the bill boards of the country, and of cards in the street cars. - Special moving-picture slides and motion news pictures also will be pro- vided for use prior to and during the period of the Roll-Call. One out of every three school chil- dren in the outlying districts of Czecho-Slovakia is so seriously under- fed as to be in a dangerous condition, according to a survey just completed. § 2- PENSION GALLEE, PARIS, WHICH WAS USED AS A HOTEL FOR A. R. C. NURSES AND NURSES” AIDS, AND HELPED SOLVE H. C. L. PROBLEM FIELD SERVICE GAUSES THRILL Head of Red Cross Bureau Gives Her Impression of Situation in - Western Divisions “The greatest thrill that I felt on my western trip,” said Miss Margaret Byington, director of the Bureau of Field Service, in the Red Cross De- partment of Civilian Relief, who has just returned from a series of division conferences with Red Cross Home Service workers, “came to me when, in unexpected places, I discovered a dawning consciousness of American Unity. It was illustrated in the shin- ing face of a good old citizen of New Mexico who came with his soldier son to the Red Cross office to arrange for vocational training. When it finally broke over him that his boy was to receive training for a new life, there was a tremble in his voice and tears in his eyes, as he said, ‘It was one of my dreams when he was little, but the drouth and the mother’s illness made me give it up. And now it's true! This is the best thing that ever came to New Mexico l’ “I could talk all day about the op- portunities in the Northwestern and Mountain Divisions. The way they are measuring up in Colorado, under the strain of handling the influx of homeless tubercular soldiers, is sim- ply magnificent. The division office has established perfectly fine rela- tionships with the Vocational Board and Public Health Service, and have a special office for transient men. “The opportunity for the future lies in the wonderful variety of prob- lems which run the whole gamut from the industrial section to the ranching country, including the foreigners, the native Mexicans, the serious crisis in dry farming, the tuberculosis difficul- ties, the university centers, the spirit of the pioneer, the conflicting opinions of radicals and conservatives. “How I learned to admire those brave division field representatives! When a Chapter covers a county, 225 miles square, or as big as the State of Connecticut, it calls for the high- est type of courage to set about on wild trips across country to visit the branches. It is such exacting, strenu- ous work, you never have a moment to let down and must put your very best into each visit. I never meet a field staff without taking off my hat to them.” In facing the new problems of the peace-time program with section and field workers, Miss Byington is finding the real state of social consciousness which has been developed by the war. 4. - THE RED Gross B UL LET IN rº- * *- **.*. º. .: -, *n_*-*- THE RED CR0SS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. *-*- Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BYSUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers - of the American Red Cross Woodrow Wilson......... . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. Taft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President Robert W. De Forest............. Vice-President John SKELtoN WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary iſ a • º Livingsron FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNzoE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager washington, D.C., SEPTEMBER 15,1919 The Power Behind In the period of America's partici- pation in the world war, the American Red Cross came to be known as the army behind the Army. It now be- comes the army behind the movements for the greater welfare of humanity in time of peace—the intense, moral, pushing force that shall back up and inspire activities designed to improve the health and general living condi- tions of all the people. The power of the Red Cross is de- rived from its concentration of the spirit of a whole nation in an actual physical organization. During the war the thing that aroused the won- der of the rest of the world in con- nection with the relief work carried on by the American Red Cross, was not the vast sums contributed for the aid of the suffering, but the all-em- bracing character of the organization that subscribed those funds. A rela- tively few persons might have given the hundreds of millions of dollars that were used to finance the relief work in question, but the great moral effectiveness would not have been the same. It was the spirit and heart of an entire nation in the funds and in the work that counted. If the concentrated spirit and heart of America could accomplish what it did among many peoples in the time of war, what can the same power not achieve, for its own people in par- public sentiment. ticular, when organized on a peace basis 2 The first essential to the suc- cess of any far-reaching movement is The Red Cross, with a membership of millions, gives public sentiment a physical organism. It is the medium that insures expres- sion in terms of positive action. Public sentiment today demands those things which mean better health and happier homes, and registered under the Red Cross emblem its ideals be- come practical. The Roll-Call, November 2–11, is for all American men and women. Answer “Here!” by becoming a Red Cross member for another year. Public Health and Home Service - A healthy nation has its root in the health of the community. The strength of a nation depends in large measure on the happiness in the homes. The peace-time campaigns which the American Red Cross is in- augurating to improve health and liv- ing conditions in the rural as well as the urban sections of the country through the cultivation of the Public Health Nursing system, and to apply the lessons of the war period to the everyday life of the people through the extension of Home Service, are obviously calculated to make our great nation stronger and better in every way. - Readers of THE BULLETIN found in the preceding number an illuminat- ing chapter from the diary of a Red Cross community nurse. This picture of a day's work in the routine of the public health nurse in one of the small communities that help make up the national life was eloquent of the ac- complishments that are assured under the general adoption of the Public Health Nursing Plan. No one, reading this story of fact, could fail to appre- ciate how the broadening view on liv- ing conditions, and the spreading of health knowledge, coupled with prac- tical aid in time of illness, will in time result in bringing the health stand- ards of the country to the highest point attainable. Just as a great part of the disease that afflicts the people is preventable, is called in November. so are many of the troubles that pre- vail in connection with the domestic life preventable. Lack of knowledge regarding many simple matters causes much of the suffering and unhappiness due to things aside from illness. The war taught the value of Home Serv- ice, and in this number of THE BUL- LETIN there is an article telling of the scheme of Information Service which will form the axis around which the general peace work in the Home Service line will revolve. Here again, the ultimate results are obvious. These twin ideas of the Red Cross peace program—Public Health Nurs- ing and Home Service, merit the uni- versal support of the American people. The road to active help in reaching the plainly understood goal is through Red Cross membership. Everybody may join the Red Cross when the roll If there were no other reasons, here are two that summon all Americans to the Red Cross service. Honolulu Gets Early Start The Honolulu Chapter of the American Red Cross is not waiting un- til the time of the annual Roll-Call to reaffirm its support. Immediately after receiving announcement of the plans for the only Red Cross campaign this year, November 2–11, the Ha- waiian branch cabled a subscription of $75,000 toward the $15,000,000 fund that will be raised in connection with the enrollment of members for 1920. This was much larger than the quota that would have been assigned Hono- lulu Chapter, but was in line with the energy displayed by the island mem- bers ever since the United States went to War. Central Division Changes The termination of Dr. J. L. Gil- lin's services as director of Civilian Relief in the Central Division has been announced with much regret by the director general of the Department of Civilian Relief. Dr. Gillin has been on leave of absence from the Univer- sity of Wisconsin, and he deems him- self under obligation to resume his duties as a member of the faculty upon the opening of the college year. … . Walter Davidson succeeds Dr. Gil- lin in the Central Division. Mr. Dav- idson, formerly general secretary of the Board of Public Welfare in Ed- monton, Canada, has been connected since 1916 with the Division Staff. THE RE D C R O S S BUL LET IN *Can you give first Ain' Under the caption quoted above, the Chicago Daily Tribune, of August 22, printed the following: “Until a few years ago the preven- tion of accidents was a neglected mat- ter. Even now health departments, though they carry the statistics of fatal accidents in their vital statistics reports, have no division relating to accident prevention and most of them are without emergency stations. “The American Red Cross is under- taking to cure a part of this defect in our social fabric by giving nation- wide instruction both to school chil- dren and to adults in first aid. In this course they are not especially inter- ested in railroad men and miners be- cause this field is otherwise covered. “The Red Cross courses are for everybody, but they are making a special drive at the people in rural dis- tricts largely because they are other- wise neglected. I did not know until I read their literature that farm work- ers as a class pay higher accident in- surance rates than any except those in the extra hazardous occupations and that 50 per cent of preventable accidents occur in the home. Like most people, when I think of acci- dents I think of railroad, mines, ma- chinery, ships and crowded streets. “These Red Cross courses have nothing to do with war. They are to train everyday people to take care of everyday accidents. In the outline I notice instruction in the prevention and in the care of sunburn, frostbite and poison-ivy eruption. When a person faints nine-tenths of the by- standers want to raise the head of the succumbed. That is exactly the wrong thing to do, because it throws extra work on a heart that is already taxed temporarily beyond its capacity. A person who has taken one of these first-aid courses will know enough not to raise the head of a person who has fainted. “I have known of a person uncon- scious from apoplexy being hauled around from hospital to hospital be- cause somebody has poured some whiskey down his throat and spilled some on his clothing. A person trained in one of these courses would not have made that mistake. “Stopping nosebleed is a simple mat- ter when you know how. Even the old woman’s remedies work in many cases because the tendency is for nose- bleed to stop spontaneously. A per- son who has had a Red Cross course will know how to stop nosebleed. “Then there are the unusual acci- dents which are none the less import- ant to know about. At the time of the Eastland disaster it was plain that very few people knew how to do arti- ficial respiration. Those who knew how to go through the movements would ‘race’ in spite of everything. The tendency is altogether away from mechanical and back to hand-done ar- tificial respiration. Persons with the certificate of the American Red Cross should know how to do effective arti- ficial respiration. “It is to be borne in mind that the American Red Cross first-aid courses are for adults working at home or engaged in ordinary avocations in times of peace. They are a prepara- tion for safety of the individual and the family in the doing of the day's work.” Mr. Hunter Leaves Comptrollership Louis J. Hunter has resigned from the position of comptroller of the American Red Cross, effective Sep- § || S LOUIS J. HUNTER tember 15, to become vice-president of the United States Distributing Company, with headquarters in New York City. Mr. Hunter came to the Red Cross national organization in October, 1917, with Charles G. DuBois, the first comptroller, and with him organized the Department of Accounts. On completion of the work of organiza- tion he was appointed deputy comp- troller. April 1, 1918, when Mr. Du- Bois’ private business affairs made it impossible for him to give his full time to the Red Cross service, Mr. Hunter became the active head of the whole department. He was appointed (Continued on page 6) MISS NOYES TALKS 0N DIETETIGS Miss Clara D. Noyes, director of the Red Cross Department of Nursing, addressed the American Dietetic As- sociation at their second annual con- ference, held in Cincinnati, September 11, regarding the extensive peace pro- gram of the Red Cross Bureau of Dietetics. “In looking toward the future,” stated Miss Noyes, “the Red Cross hopes that every woman in the United States may be given the opportunity to learn the practical household applica- tions of the science of nutrition, as it has been developed in the great nutrition laboratories during the past few years. The purpose of the Red Cross course in home dietetics will be to teach these principles of nutrition and food values in such a way that they may be applicable to the imme- diate problems of any household. “In almost all the Red Cross Chap- ters, extending over the length and breadth of the country, the Committee on Nursing Activities, made up of representative members of the local boards of health, of education, of medical and nursing organizations and others interested in community wel- fare, will offer instruction in home dietetics to the women and girls of the neighborhood; to factories, depart- ment stores, girl scouts, and all other groups of women who feel that this knowledge in home-making is essential to the modern woman. In cooperation with the Red Cross Junior member- ship, we also hope to introduce modi- fications of this course into the high schools. “We also are anxious to secure the services of women trained in home economics to supervise the work in the Red Cross division offices. They will cooperate directly with the exten- sion directors of the Department of Agriculture who have already done so much in this field through their home demonstration agents. The Red Cross will endeavor to stimulate public interest in the activities of the state and federal agencies, and to create a demand among the women of the country for further supervision and instruction in dietetics, nutrition, and allied subjects, so that federal re- sponsibility may ultimately take over much of this work.” Miss Margaret Sawyer, director of the Red Cross Bureau of Dietetian Service, and for some time before her service as an Army Dietetian, a mem- ber of the Executive Committee of the American Dietetics Association, also attended the dietetics conference. 6 THE RED CB O S & B UL LET IN MONTENEGRO in sonny PLIGHT People Were in Rags When American Red Cross Arrived—Need Medical Supplies (Special Correspondence) PODGoRITZA, MonTENEGRO.—With a population of less than that of Jer- sey City and an area much smaller than that of the State of Connecti- cut, Montenegro, until its union with the kingdom of the Serbs and Croats, boasted of being the smallest kingdom in Europe. Conditions in Montenegro are extremely primi- tive. The country has no railroads, 110 automobiles, few wagons, and at the present time comparatively few horses or other beasts of burden. The people, and more especially the W 0 m e n, C a r r y heavy loads on their heads for miles, and often take several days journeying thus to % | | * % A. R. C. HEADQUARTERS, PODGORITZA, MONTENEGRO the nearest towns. They walk bare- foot or with home-made sandals, which have soles of hide and laced upper parts. As for clothes they wear normally the picturesque native costumes, but owing to the war they have had no material for clothes and at present they are all in rags. The American Red Cross already has dis- tributed large quantities of clothing. The need for food was very urgent a few weeks ago, but is now less pressing, partly because of the sup- plies purchased by the Government from the American Relief Adminis- CARRYING PATIENT TO A. R. C. HOSPITAL, PODGORITZA tration, and partly because of the food which the people have been able to produce themselves. The crops ap- pear to be good, and unless these fall short of expectation the country will have a sufficient, though not an abundant, supply of food for next winter. An extremely pressing want in Montenegro is medical help. Most sections of the country have no phy- sicians or surgeons, and when the American Red Cross arrived there was not a single hospital open for the civilian population. Moreover, there were practically no drugs or other medical sup- plies in the coun- try, and people who were ill or physic- ally injured could not obta in the COmnonest reme- dies that are avail- able in most coun- tries. Montenegro's more specific med- ical needs are the º following: Tuber- culosis relief; med- ical and engineer- ing means for com- batting malaria; typhus hospitals to care for both patients and “con- tacts” during the incubation period; X-ray and other hospital equipment for the proper care of accident and surgical cases; better housing condi- tions and instruction in public health, so as to reduce pneumonia and other diseases; a public health department with records, epidemiologist, nurses, laboratories, and training schools to teach Montenegro women to become 11111 SeS. There are many other needs, but those mentioned are the most pressing. “Higher Quakology” Has New Plan In the course of an intermittent bat- tle with earthquakes that dates from Pompeii, Italy has steadily added to her knowledge of the coast's habits and the best way to deal with them. The latest addition to this “higher quakology” is the plan to hold in re- serve, hereafter, for the sole purpose of providing instant housing for peo- ple rendered homeless by these dis- turbances, several depots full of knockdown barracks. Announcement of this plan has just come from the Mugello district, where several acres are planted with army barracks put up for the quake suf- ferers by the American Red Cross and Italian relief agencies. As soon as the homeless population are trans- ferred to permanent quarters, the bar- racks will be knocked down and stored against possible future needs. The American authorities promptly agreed to contribute to this housing reserve, the several carloads of knockdown structures that were hur- ried by them from France on the day after the Mugello disaster. While the district has for several weeks been free of disturbances se- vere enough to be alarming, not a day passes without mysterious rumblings and tremors. The instruments used to record eighty earth vibrations a day. Recently they have been much 11101 e 11111116.1 Otis. Mr. Hunter Leaves Comptrollership (Continued from page 5) comptroller to succeed Mr. DuBois March 1, 1919. April 1, of the present year, Mr. Hunter sailed for Europe at the re- quest of the Commissioner for Europe, to review the financial affairs of all the foreign commissions. Soon after his arrival in Paris, Dr. Farrand, chairman of the Red Cross Central Committee, found it necessary to create a board for the complete read- justment of Red Cross work, conse- quent upon the change from a war to a peace basis, and the specific super- vision of all liquidating work in France and other countries where the American Red Cross labors were be- ing brought to a close. Mr. Hunter and Mr. A. H. Gregg, formerly director of the Department of Foreign Relief, were constituted a committee to di- rect this work. - Throughout the war and the transi- tion periods, Mr. Hunter's services to the Red Cross have been of inestima- ble value, and his resignation was ac- cepted with great regret. W. Cooke Lewis, of St. Louis, who has been Mr. Hunter’s chief assist- ant, will succeed him as comptroller. THE RE D C R O S S BULLET IN Adepts at Cobbling A unit of American Red Cross workers is in Czecho-Slovakia doing relief work. The members are scat- tered far and wide to various lodgings and on various jobs. One, with a taste for language and arts, was quite happy when she found that her landlady's eldest daughter spoke five tongues, while the other girl was an accom- plished musician. The family was well-to-do, and it soon developed that these accomplished girls belonged de- cidedly to the upper classes. One day the Red Cross worker dis- covered that she had not yet sounded all their accomplishments, for she found them in the kitchen, the linguist patching and the musician half-soling old shoes. Neither of the girls was a particle disconcerted. They explained cas- ually that cobbling had become so ex- travagantly dear during the war, and shoes and shoe materials so scarce, that they both turned to and learned the art of cobbling for themselves— and the musician did such a good job at half-soling that the shoemaker to whom she showed her work refused to believe it hers. On the sole of one shoe the Red Cross worker counted six patches. The girls were going out to the coun- try, they said, and were making ready. Well, for summer in the country even multiple patches would protect well enough. But the question the Red Cross worker asked herself was : If these were the well-to-do, what must the poor be doing; and what would they do in winter? To Direct After Care Bureau Dr. Paul B. Johnson, the new direc- tor of the Bureau of After Care, De- |- § § N - - N * : º º | - º º AMERICAN RED CROSS CHILD WELFARE STATION, ATHENS, GREECE partment of Civilian Relief, assumed his duties at Red Cross National Headquarters, on September 1. At a time when the problems of discharged service men are at the maximum—when thousands who have found themselves physically unable to carry on their old work are need- ing hospital care, when the disabled are being reestablished through voca- tional education, and there is so great need for family adjustment, dealing with government bureaus on matters of compensation, back pay and allot- ments, finding different employ- ment, and the score of other home service incident to readjustment—Dr. º § RIDING “FourtTH CLASS” ON A Rou MANIAN PASSENGER TRAIN § N Johnson has a vitally important task. He brings a helpful and varied ex- perience, having been graduated at Yale and Georgetown, and served with the Council of National Defense and the Public Health Service in their educational campaigns for public health, rural sanitation, etc. During the period of the return of the overseas Army he was morale officer at the Port of Debarkation, Newport News, Va. New Commissioner for France Major Knowlton Mixer, of Buffalo, has been appointed American Red Cross Commissioner for France, to succeed Lieutenant Colonel Kenneth Mygatt, of New York City, who has resigned to attend to personal business affairs. Major Mixer has for some time been engaged in civilian relief work in France. Cannon Factory Shelters Homeless Junked by the triumph of the Allies, the great Skoda works, at Pilsen, Bo- hemia, where Austria forged her huge artillery, now houses penniless vic- tims of the world war. Reports reach- ing the American Red Cross tell how its workers at Pilsen, now included in the new republic of Czecho-Slo- vakia, are helping solve the terrible housing situation brought about by the influx of refugees, by converting certain buildings of the big plant into living quarters. Gradually real homes will be built. 8 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Honor to A. R. C. officer in London Lieut. Col. R. Stuart Smith, Amer- ican Red Cross Commissioner for Great Britain, recently was paid the very high honor of being called to the Bar Of the Middle Bench. He was specially admitted to the Honor- able Society of the Middle Temple as a student on December 5, 1918. After keeping the Hiliary and Easter Terms of 1819 he filed an application with the masters of the bench to be called to the bar. This application was granted, the benchers dispensing with the regulations requiring the keeping of twelve terms before being called and the requirements as to ex- amination in law, and he was called to the bar in Trinity Term, on July 2 last. } On the same day as the call, Major Smith also signed the Roll of Bar- risters of the High Court of Justice, King's Bench Division. other American officer to be called to the bar in London under the same cir- cumstances is Commander W. H. Mc- Grann, who was in charge of the Law Department of the United States Navy Headquarters in London. The Amer- ican Ambassador, the Hon. J. W. Davis, was made an honorary bencher of the Middle Temple, on January 30, 1919. The Middle Temple has shown a great interest in Anglo-American Re- lations. In June, 1918, a dinner was given in Middle Temple Hall to the members of the American Expedition- ary Forces, both officers and enlisted men, serving in Great Britain. It was attended by about forty members of the American bar serving in the Army and Navy, at the American Embassy, and with the American Red Cross. There also were many American guests at a dinner given there on the succeed- ing 28th of October, to com- memorate the tercentenary of Sir Walter Raleigh, one of the famous members of the Mid- dle Temple. - Serbian Children Taught to Play - The recent opening of the first playground in Serbia, established by the American Red Cross, was an epoch- making event for the children of that land, into whose lives so little sunshine had pene- trated. In Serbia children are sent into the fields at a tender age to eke out the family income, with the result The only tion the Swings, slides, see-saws, merry-go- rounds and whirligigs with which the playground was fitted up in true American style proved a momentary mystification to the youngsters, most * | of whom were from the country’s army of 300,000 war orphans; but they soon caught on, and unbounded was their delight. At the opening there also was a picnic with great pitchers of lemonade and stacks of cakes. The American Red Cross has es- tablished several orphanages for the small victims of Serbia’s crucifixion, and, with the more pressing phases of relief well started, its workers are seeking to brighten the drab lives of the youngsters, as well as save them from starvation and disease. Under Old Glory at Danzig The Danzigerhof will long be re- membered in Danzig as the ‘hotel which housed more Americans than any other in that far-eastern German port. They are the members of the American Food Administration and the American Red Cross, who are en- gaged in unloading and forwarding to Poland foodstuffs and relief supplies arriving in ships from the United States. - These Americans have been at their task since last winter. In that time the officers and soldiers on duty for the American Food Administra- supervised the through the Danzig gateway, into Po- land, of 300,000 tons of foodstuffs from the United States. The Red Cross personnel looks after the un- loading at Danzig and reshipment over railroads to Warsaw and other forwarding º (* sº-c cº-o-em-o-º-o-º-o-me-o-me-o-º-o-º-o-º-o-o-º-o-º-o-º-' 1-tº- (y-º-t.-º-º-º-º-º-º-(),4->{x-xº~(~ º SONNET TO THE RED CROSS Oh Cross of Red, thou standst alone, supreme Within the field of sacrifice and love! Thy mercy is as that of Him above Who saves all men alike: thy annals teem With deeds of glory, noble deeds that seem To fit thy soul divine just as a glove ...” The hand. Thou'rt gentle as the white winged dove That sails unharmful over field and stream. These noble traits are always seen at best On battle's front, where hell itself doth reign; There, work for thee is constant, without rest, Amid the wounded, dying, and the slain. O Universal Mother, how may we Express our love and reverence to thee? JAMES WESLEY BRYAN, JR., parts of Poland of all foodstuffs, clothing and hospital supplies. A re- cent shipment from England included motor-cars and a hospital unit used by the American Red Cross in Eng- land, but no longer needed there after the cessation of hostilities. - The Danzigerhof, or American Ho- tel, as it has become known to the natives, is the only place in the city which flies the Stars and Stripes. The only other place where Old Glory is flown thereabouts is the little build- ing which houses the United States naval port officer. This is on the docks in the harbor, on the fringe of the port, and five miles from the American Hotel. - The headquarters of Danzig's American colony is in the heart of the city, a stone's throw from the station of the railroad to Berlin and to War- saw, Poland. Two floors are given up to offices and sleeping quarters for the Americans, and half of the dining room is reserved for the American mess. Nothing but American food is served in this mess, which boasts the best meals, and surely the best coffee, to be had in Danzig. Not the Flag They Thought The recent arrival at Novorossiksy, Russia, of $1,000,000 worth of Amer- ican Red Cross medical and surgical supplies for the campaign against typhus and other epidemics on the slopes of the Caucasus was attended by diversified thrills for the natives, according to reports just received. The vessel carrying the relief cargo also carried a small amount of ex- plosives for the Denekine government, and in accordance with the interna- tional code flew a red flag as it entered the harbor to warn other craft. Unfamiliar with the reason for the red flag, the simple village folk jumped to the conclusion that the ship was a Bolsheviki man-o’-war come to subjugate the port. Their relief and joy, upon learning the ship was on an errand of mercy as well as supply to the anti-Bolshevik forces, was unbounded. - In addition to the anti- typhus material the vessel carried thirty American Red Cross field kitchens for re- lief work in the Cossack dis- trict of Kuban. * * Clifton P. Williamson, of New York City, has been ap- pointed counsellor of the & Seattle, Washington. - sº € ashtºng American Red Cross Com- that few there are who have gº º mission for France. learned to play. Accordingly, * ©. * Lººk-4 º $ * Lamºa e º Amalf º Aºmºm.4% Amº. f** f \sºst.*&º a- ºr * — tº * * * * *.mmma-4 a.º. f*.*.*.*.dº wºrk y-um ºr xy wºmmy as wº ºr *** * wºrx's vºmºr x s ºr -- *** * * * The Red Cross Bul - - - * - - º etin Tº º Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 22, 1919 No. 39 DR. FARRAND BEGINS LONG TRIP Starts Tour of Country Following Conferences in Many Divisions on Roll Call Plans Preparations for the third Red Cross Ro11 Ca11 and drive for fifteen million dollars to complete war obli- gations assumed a more intensive character last week, when conferences were held in various divisions, the participants being chapter chairmen, publicity directors and speakers’ di- rectors. Dr. Livingston Farrand, chairman of the Central Committee, who addressed the conference of the New England Divi- sion early in the week, left Wash- ington Saturday evening for a swing around the conti- mental circle, for the purpose of ex- pounding the peace program to the people of the dif- ferent sections at close range, as well as of conferring with division offi- cials regarding the conduct of the Roll Ca11 and drive cam- paign in their respective territories. At the conference in the New Eng- land Division, held at Worcester, Mass., on Tuesday, addresses were made by both Dr. Farrand and Gen- eral Manager Frederick Munroe, from National Headquarters. An exhibit of Roll Call publicity material was one of the features that came in for special attention. The workers of the Southern Divi- sion also held their conference on Tuesday, and a report from the At- lanta Headquarters told of general in- terest and confidence. Other conferences were held in the Mountain Division, at Denver, on Wednesday, and in the Potomac Divi- § º § sion, at Washington, on Thursday. The final conference of the week was that of the Lake Division, at Cleve- land, where the general interest is re- ported similar to that in other sections of the country. Dr. Farrand’s trip, which will em- brace public addresses in many large cities, will consume more than a month, his itinerary being as follows: Central Division—September 21, Chicago. Northern Division—September 22, Minneapolis; 25th, Butte, Mont. Northwestern Division—September CORNER OF MUSEUM, RED CROSS NATIONAL HEADou ARTERs 26, Spokane; 27th, Seattle; 29th, Portland, Ore. . - Pacific Division—October 1, San Francisco; 3rd, Los Angeles. Southwestern Division—October 7, San Antonio, Tex. Gulf Division—October 8, New Or- leans; 9th, Birmingham, Ala. Southern Division—October 11, At- lanta; 13th, Nashville; 14th, Char- lotte, N. C. Potomac Division — October 16, Washington. Lake Division—October 20, Louis- ville, Ky., 21st, Indianapolis; 22nd, Cleveland. - New England Division—October 23, Boston. POINTS WAY TO RURAL SERVICE Head of Organization Bureau, Re- turning from Field Conferences, Impressed by Outlook “There is no doubt that the Red Cross can go on and do a tremendous piece of work in rural communities. The program of work is to be such that it contributes to the bona-fide needs of the country and not a cut- and-dried one that the country peo- ple will be forced to take.” So de- clares Prof. E. L. Morgan, head of the Bureau of Rural Organization of the Red Cross De partment of Civilian Relief, who has just re- turned from con- ferences with field workers in five di- visions. “Eighty-five per cent of future so- cial work in this country lies in the rural field,” says Prof. Morgan. “We have been dealing in the past with the other fif- teen per cent, al- though the country - has just as great social need as the city. “Because the Red Cross is one of the first social agencies to establish contact with thousands of small rural communities, they believe in us and we must not fail. Folks will follow any organization a little while with any kind of program, but they will soon grow lukewarm unless they see that it can meet their absolute needs and not mere fancies. The need of the country is not uplift, but the de- velopment of latent forces that really exist, and wherever local leaders are brought together and the problem made clear, definite progress has ruled.” N § (Continued on page 7) T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MUSEUM OF AMERICAN RED CROSSIANA War Relics and Souvenirs from Far Ends of the Earth, and Equipment of Varied Activities Form Living Record of Relief Work By IRENE M. GIVEN wilson, Curator of the Red Cross Museum Almost a year ago the leaders of the American Red Cross agreed that some effort should be made to pre- serve equipment, war relics and souv- enirs of all kinds, as a living record of Red Cross activities in Europe. The Red Cross organization had been presented with many valuable medals and testimonials in recognition of its work in foreign countries, and it was felt that these should be placed on view, so that the American public could realize how great a part our National Red Cross had played in the great war in alleviating suffering and distress, and in ministering to the wel- fare of our soldiers. Hence arose the idea of a museum or permanent ex- hibit at National Headquarters. A committee was appointed to carry out this idea, and a second committee as- sembled in Paris to gather in from all parts of Europe, material of value and interest for this museum. The entrance hall and a large room in the basement at National Head- quarters were placed at the disposal of the Museum Committee, and towards the end of August the first exhibit was open to the public. In the entrance hall are displayed a number of beauti- ful pictures, posters and photographs. These represent various phases of Red Cross work—the Nursing Serv- ice, Child Welfare work, and work among the refugees of all nationalities. In the museum room proper are displayed many interesting articles of every description. In one case are refugee garments from Palestine, which illustrate forcibly the terrible destitution of the inhabitants of this country under the brutal rule of the Turks. Side by side with these rags are garments made by the women of America for these poor refugees. In another case are displayed a col- lection of medals and insignia. Many of these were pre- sented to the Amer– ican Red Cross during the recent war. There is also a complete set of the medals and badges of our own Red Cross, besides those of England, France and Portugal. It is hoped eventually to possess the badges of all the Red Cross Societies through- out the world. Another interesting exhibit in this case is a beautiful set of gold Saki cups, presented by the Japanese Government in recognition of our relief of those who suffered through the earthquake and famine in Japan in 1913–1914. In the cen- ter of the case is the Distinguished Service Medal presented to the late Miss Jane Delano, who labored so faithfully and well in the organization of our Nursing Service throughout the war, and practically gave her life for the cause. One of the most interesting fea- tures of the exhibit is a miniature group representing a model surgical- dressing workroom. Every detail is carried out with amazing accuracy. New members are seen signing up at the desk; a visitor is entering to ask for information and is being greeted by the directrice. At the tables work- ers in uniform are engaged in cutting gauze and making every kind of sur- gical dressing used both at home and abroad. Other ladies are winding wool, and knitting sweaters and socks for our soldiers, or cutting out and making hospital garments of every de- scription. No photograph could so im- pressively represent the busy activity of our workrooms as this miniature grOup. ENTRANCE HALL, RED CROSS MUSEUM _ ] In another case are samples of refugee garments for women and chil- dren, and a complete layette such as was sent for the babies of destitute and homeless families in France and the Balkans. - Still another case contains beautiful illuminated testimonials from towns and districts in Italy, testifying to the appreciation and gratitude of the Italians for our work among their soldiers and refugees. There are also gifts of needlework of the most ex- quisite design, and many other pieces of handiwork made by the orphans whom we had helped. There are also mementoes from Siberia, from the Balkans, and from German prison CampS. Then, there are relics of our own civil war—the actual flag used by the U. S. Sanitary Commission, the brassard and pin worn by its members, and the beautiful silver cross in a laurel wreath, presented to the Hon. F. B. Fay, who was the president of the Auxiliary Relief Corps of the Sanitary Commission. Beneath the flag of the Sanitary Commission is the striking and artis- tic bust of “The Knitter,” presented by the artist herself, Miss Antoinette Hollister. The beauty and touching concentration of the old woman's face is remarkable; one reads her thoughts as she knits, of her own boys far away overseas, fighting in the cause of liberty and justice. The success of the exhibit and the interest aroused is shown by the fact that already there is a daily average of nearly 100 visitors, who do not merely cast a casual glance round the room, but stay to examine carefully all the units in the collection. At the present moment, plans are on foot for transforming the cafe- teria at Headquar- ters into a duplica- tion of a “Line of Communication” canteen in France. Here will be placed on view everything of interest in our canteen service OverSeas, even to one of the rolling kitchens, which fol- lowed the fortunes of the 27th Divi- sion. In another room there is being ar- ranged an exhibit of surgical dress- ings and appliances of all sorts used during the war, as T H E R E D C R O S g B U L I, ET IN 3 º % % º º % % % % * * 4 * t MINIATURE SURGICAL DRESSINGS GROUP, RED CROSS MUSEUM well as a collection of masks, designed by Mrs. Ladd for those unfortunates whose faces were mutilated and fea- tures destroyed. This first exhibit is not intended to be a temporary thing. The idea of the committee is that the museum shall be the great national memorial to all Red Cross workers during the recent war, both to those who had the privilege of working overseas and those who labored patiently at home. So, eventually we hope to see a build- ing assigned entirely to the museum, where we shall be able to represent graphically the whole history of our National Red Cross since we first joined the Geneva Convention; so that our children and our grandchildren may realize our ideals for the better- ment not only of our own country, but of other people throughout the world. For here would be represented by pictures, models, figure groups, and valuable mementos of all kinds, the work of the Red Cross in times of disaster as well as in times of war; help given to Japan, to China, to Italy at the time of the Messina earth- quake; aid rushed to San Francisco, to Dayton and to other centers when disaster and calamity overtook those cities. Some of us are inclined to think that a museum is a dead sort of a thing— just a record of past events. This we hope our National Red Cross Museum will never be. It will look forward as well as backward; it will seek to show by models, figure-groups and pictures what are our aims for the future, not only to relieve human suffering and distress, but also to pre- vent it by scientific research, by edu- cation, and by hygienic measures of all kinds. Could there be a more fitting me- morial to all our workers than such a museum, which shall set ap in con- crete form the altruistic motives which animated every man, woman and child who labored and gave with generous spirit of their time and money during the past years of war, not only for the benefit of their own countrymen, but also for the wel- fare of their fellow-men throughout the world P | Americans Equip Greek Orphanage A national orphanage home for hun- dreds of little Greek children, who have for nearly a year existed pre- cariously in the battle regions near Salonica, has been dedicated by King Alexander and Governor-General Adossides, of Macedonia. In the ves- tibule of the building has been erected a tablet of thanks to the American Red Cross workers who equipped the institution and organized its work. The tablet commemorates “the ines– timable services rendered by the American Red Cross to the parentless boys and girls of Macedonia during the trying period following the cessa- tion of the war.” General Adossides made an address at the dedication services, in which he stated that the Americans had left a lasting memory in the hearts of the Greek people for their self-sacrificing and devoted work among the children and the refugees from the Bulgarian prison camps. DEATH ENDS NOTABLE CAREER Alexander M. Wilson, of the Red Cross Atlantic Division, Leader in American Social Work Alexander M. Wilson, director of the Department of Civilian Relief, Atlantic Division, American Red Cross, who died suddenly on Septem- ber 12, at his home in New York City, was one of the best known men in the field of American social work. He was forty-six years old. He was graduated from Princeton in 1897, and from the New York School of Philan- thropy in 1903. After a few months, during which he was secretary of the Jersey City Associated Charities, he became, in 1904, the head of the Bos- ton Association for the Relief and Control of Tuberculosis. His accom- plishments in two years set what for that time was a new and high standard in the fight against the white plague. In 1907, Mr. Wilson went to the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, where, as in Boston, he had unusual success in bringing together public officials, physicians and laymen for concerted work in reaching this difficult public health problem. Mr. Wilson was able to get on foot a system of public tuberculosis dispensaries, each with a physician and a nurse and a careful system of records and follow-up work. A year later Mr. Wilson succeeded Ernest Bicknell as head of the Chicago Bureau of Charities. In that capacity he secured the amalgamation of that association with the Chicago Relief and Aid Society. Returning to Boston and resuming the general secretaryship of the Asso- ciation for the Relief and Control of Tuberculosis, Mr. Wilson was able to push farther into this field in which he had already done so much pioneer- ing. From Boston he went to Phila- delphia, as head of the field service of the Phipps Institute for the study and control of tuberculosis. During the Blankenburg administration he be- came assistant director of the Depart- ment of Health and Charities, where in spite of baffling obstacles, he was able to clean up a department of charities which was graftridden, un- intelligent, and sometimes heartlessly cruel. In 1915, he became director of the newly-created Bureau of Social Investigations in New York. In August, 1917, Mr. Wilson be- came the director of Civilian Relief of the Atlantic Division of the American Red Cross. Under his direction the Red Cross Home Service sections in New York, New Jersey and Connec- ticut, carried on the work of assisting the families of sailors and soldiers. * * 4. _ THE RED Gross B ULLET IN T --- --> * **, 3- . e. g.º.. A- ::::::::... º. T. º.º.º. " THE RED CROS BIIFIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CRoss BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. s=== second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington - BY SUBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . President WILLIAM. H. Taft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President RoBERT W. DE Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John Skelton WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . a º e º 'º e º ºs e º ſº e Secretary Livingsron FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLoughby WALLING... . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . . . General Manager wasRINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER22,1919 Organization Will Do It The objects of the third Red Cross Roll Call and contemporaneous drive for fifteen million dollars to complete the war-time obligations of the Amer- ican Red Cross, will be fully attained - if the compaign organization is ef- fected on the lines planned by the re- cent Washington conference of divi- sion managers. In the remaining few weeks before the opening of the mem- bership and subscription books, it is the duty of all chapters to assist to the utmost in perfecting this organization. In other words, the success of the preliminary, or organization, cam- paign will insure the success of the efforts involved in the period Novem- ber 2–11. One million volunteer work- ers are needed for the work of the drive and Roll Call throughout the country. Those actively interested in the present chapter affairs must as- sume the responsibility of mobilizing an army of solicitors with this figure as a minimum. If more than that number of workers respond to the summons, so much the better. The American Red Cross has contracted the habit of “going over the top,” and it would be decidedly inspiring to ap- ply the habit to the preliminaries as well as the main issue here involved. While unlimited membership is the object, the dictates of managerial wisdom suggest the fixing of a mini- mum figure in the making of allot- Application made for entry to the mails as Cross. twenty millions is a very conservative ments, and so allotments have been made on the basis of twenty million members for the country as a whole. There is a psychological incentive to a showing better than the mark set, as already indicated, and with a min- imum thus established it only remains for the campaign workers to stick to the past record. Just remember, though, that “over the top” in the preliminaries means still farther “over the top” in the finals. One million active field workers would have to obtain an average of only twenty members each to reach the minimum. Of themselves, they will constitute a very good nucleus of the 1920 membership of the Red Under the circumstances mark to set. Organization will reach it and then some. . Therefore, see that organization conforms to specifica- tions. - “The Red Cross of the Future” -- Another school year is beginning for the children of America. And its opening is made auspicious by a proclamation by the President of the United States addressed directly to the children. In this proclamation President Wilson tells the American boys and girls that it is their genera- tion that must carry on the work of our generation at home and abroad. This fact constantly is being impressed on the minds of the older Red Cross workers, as they contemplate the growth during a few years of the Junior Red Cross from hardly more than a squad to a nation-wide organi- zation with 12,000,000 active mem- bers. The Juniors are the Red Cross of the future. . Since they are the Red Cross of the future, it is rightly significant that their peace program represents a wid- ening and deepening of previous ac- tivities such as would have been hard to prophecy a twelve-month back. The tasks which the Juniors are under- taking in behalf of American children who have met with misfortune have grown out of the scattering little at- tempts of a year ago, and they have grown at a surprising rate of speed. No less rapid has been the evolution of the French pinafores and Belgian layettes of last year, into the present comprehensive schedule of Junior Red Cross relief activities among selected groups of children in all the allied countries of Europe. - “It is your generation,” says the President, “which must carry on the work of our generation at home and abroad, and you cannot begin too soon to train your minds and habits for this responsibility.” The responsibil- ity is truly twofold, but so is the Junior Red Cross-preparation, and the energy with which young Americans are embarking upon the enlarged Junior program bodes well for the Red Cross of a generation hence. Coincident with the opening of the new school year and the President’s proclamation, is the initial number of the Junior Red Cross News. The News will go to public, private, and parochial schools in all parts of the United States, keeping them informed as to the progress of the Junior Red Cross relief work at home and abroad, and enabling them to share with fellow Juniors their experiences in holding up the supporting end of that work. Safeguarding Santo Domingo's Health An appropriation of $10,000 has been made by the American Red Cross to cover the expense of sending a medical director to Santo Domingo, to take charge of the hospital assisted there by the Dominican Chapter, and to make a study of the general health conditions on the island. A report from Commander Hayden, U. S. N., who has been in charge of the hospital, states that throughout the island, disease is prevalent and hospital facilities are wholly inade- quate, there being only three graduate nurses in the republic, although a training school has just been opened. The military government plans to es- tablish a chain of free dispensaries, it was stated, but circumstances make this all it can do at present. In Belgrade these days it is no un- Common sight, as one passes through the streets, to observe men and wo- men wearing strictly American clothes. And this phenomenon is easily ex- plained. The garments which Amer- ican citizens generously donated to the recent “used clothes drive” have reached their distination, and are do- ing real service. - - THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN 3 33roclamation TO THE SCHOOL CHILDREN OF THE UNITED STATES Two years ago, as President of the United States and as President of the Ameri- can Red Cross, I addressed to you a letter in which I advised you to enroll in the newly organized Junior Red Cross, and I explained to you some of the ways in which the Junior Red Cross would help you to be useful to your country and to the chil- dren of those countries which were associated with us in a great war against a power- ful enemy. Millions of you did join the Junior Red Cross and worked hard, and what you did is warmly appreciated by the whole country. Now, by the blessings of God and through the faithful performance of duty by our soldiers and sailors and the soldiers and sailors of the countries by whose side we fought, a great victory has been won and the war is over, but I am sure that you wish to continue to be useful to your country and to children less fortu- nate than yourselves. Therefore, I am writing to you at the opening of the new school year to advise you again to join the Junior Red Cross, which has planned a work for peace times even larger and more systematic than the work done during the war. - - The Junior Red Cross will instruct you in ideals and habits of service, will show you how to be useful to your school, how to aid the older people in your com- munity in their efforts to promote the health and comfort of the people among whom you live, and how to help children who are still suffering from the effects of the great war in foreign lands invaded by the enemy. - The recent war was the greatest of all wars, not only because more men and nations were engaged in it than in any other war of history, but also because, as a result of it, people have seen a vision of a different kind of world from the world of the past, a world in which nations shall unite for purposes of peace and good will as they formerly united only for war against an armed foe. In working for the children of other nations you will come to understand them better and they will understand and appreciate you more. Your education will not be complete unless you learn how to be good citizens, and the Junior Red Cross plans to teach you simple lessons of citizenship through its organization and its activities. It is your generation which must carry on the work of our generation at home and abroad and you cannot begin too soon to train your minds and habits for this responsibility. By doing what you can to make happier the people of your own neighborhood, your state, your country, and also the people of other lands, you will make yourselves happier. - - (Signed) WOODROW WILSON 6 THE BE D C R O S A BUL LET IN SALONICA GREAT SUPPLY CENTER Every American Red Cross Chapter Represented There by Articles for Balkan Relief Six million pounds of food, medi- cines and clothing have passed through the American Red Cross warehouses at Salonica, Greece, during the three month period ending August 15, for distribution to the Balkan States. Salonica stands first in southeastern Europe as an entry port for American relief supplies. Almost every Red Cross chapter in the United States contributed to the shiploads that were discharged on the Salonica quays. From Nome, Alaska, to San Diego, Calif., and from Portland, Me., to Key West, Fla., came cases of sweaters and socks knitted by America’s women, tens of thousands of garments for children, untold numbers of surgical dressings and bandages, and enough pajamas to clothe a nation. The work of handling this immense quantity of goods, and despatching it promptly to the areas in the Balkan States where want was the most acute involved many difficulties. The only labor available was that furnished by German and Bulgarian prisoners of War. The only means of transport was by ox-cart, by motor lorries borrowed from the ever-generous British, or by the few nondescript trains or water- logged boats that occasionally found their way into Salonica. There were many days when more than 200 camion-loads of supplies were handled. By the middle of August every ounce of these relief supplies from the American people had been distributed to the needy inhabitants of Serbia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia, Herze- govina, Greece and Roumania. Some of the hospital supplies found their way as far north as Budapest and as u º % % % % º COL. CARI, TAYLOR, A. R. C., WHO HAS BEEN DIRECTING RELIEF OF RUSSIAN PRISONERS IN GERMANY far west as Kichinev. Another con- signment reached as far South as Palestine. Much of the credit for the efficient handling and shipment of the supplies is due Captain Wilfred H. Day, of Richmond, Va., who has spent sev- eral years in the Balkans and has an intimate knowledge of transport con: ditions. To date the Balkan Commission of the American Red Cross, of which Colonel Henry W. Anderson, of Richmond, is the head, has carried into southeastern Europe something like 50,000,000 pounds of food, medi- cines and clothing. Every ounce of it has come from the American people. Clifton P. Williamson, New York City, of the law firm of Alexander & Green has been appointed counsellor of the American Red Cross Commis- Sion for France. % % º TYPES OF MACEDONIAN GIRLS Russian Prisoners Say Farewell Acting under orders from the Supreme War Council, the American Red Cross Commission for the relief of Russian prisoners of war in Ger- many is preparing to terminate its work. With the conclusion of peace, the final task of repatriation, which has been so long delayed by lack of transportation and political complica- tions in eastern Europe, has been turned over to the German govern- 1nnent. Little doubt exists as to the extreme anxiety of the Germans to get rid of the Russians, and it is believed that the next three months will see the country entirely cleared of her 300,000 enforced guests. All these Russian prisoners have come to regard America as their best friend. For the past five months, the Red Cross flag and uniform in their 75 prison camps have meant to them better and more regular food supplies, healthier and cleaner barracks, issues of new underwear, socks and shirts, and opportunities for recreation and amusement. There is no way to meas- ure the value of these things to a man who has been cut off from his home, a prisoner for four years. It is not surprising, then, that when a certain American Red Cross unit shouted “Hail and Farewell” to its camp at Salzwedel, cheering thousands of Russians surged around them, shouting unintelligible Russian bless- ings, and struggled among themselves for the honor of dragging the automo- biles in a triumphal procession to the gates. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 Points Way to Rural Service (Continued from page 1) Prof. Morgan has been working out with the field representatives a method of approach to rural communities, which cannot be limited to the same type of family work as has been fol- lowed in dealing with soldiers' fam: ilies. “The approach to a wider commu- nity program through family service is often just the proper thing in cities of 5,000 population and over,” he says, “but in order that the Red Cross may be a real factor in the small rural community, which runs from 500 to 1,500 population, we find it often de- sirable to approach the problem from other angles. In such small communi- ties families are tied together in bonds of business and blood relationships; the minutest details of individual fam- ily problems are known throughout the community, and hence we are guarding against any large emphasis on efforts at straightening out family “Because of the smallness of the community the work will have to be done largely on a community basis. Dealing with the family will become an incident to a program, that will be built along the lines by which the people live. To accomplish this the Red Cross is going to adjust itself to the rural community. “There is a technique in rural com- munity development already worked out, which the Red Cross must adopt. It is the purpose of our Bureau to help the field workers get such an approach to country life that they may be able to arouse the people to go ahead in the accomplishment of those In Peace “The Greatest Mother in the World" | third Red Crºssº, Call POSTERS FOR THE THIRD RED CROSS ROLL CALL things which they are consciously convinced need to be done. The work must be based on a study of the local opportunities. Many times it will be necessary to approach the task indirectly by arous- ing public interest in events, such as community festivals, picnics, plays, pageants. In some of these things the Red Cross will merely connect the community up with the agency which can give such help. In this manner people will be led to associate in com- mon tasks, eventually contributing to the solution of the more stubborn problems. People who have not been in the habit of doing things together will not enthusiastically tackle any ambitious program, but by careful stimulation they may be brought to cooperate in things that are of vital interest to the community. * | º “In one community they may be interested along health lines—prevent- ing and handling epidemics, the gen- eral health of children, ridding the community of mosquitoes and flies, care of refuse, keeping food carefully screened. In another they may have to do with retarded and neglected children as found through schools and traced to families where children are neglected. In still another special care may be given to children and adults who are physically inferior or unfit; the cripple, tubercular and anaemic. In another the improvement of farm- ing, farm management, handling of labor and equipment, soils, crops, etc., may need to be stimulated. In another the problem of recreation, play life of the young, and social life of the adults may be the entering wedge. “Red Cross social workers must be concerned with the necessary eco- nomic and social adjustments to main- tain the balance between city and country interests, and between indi- OF - º N | : - º --> - º º º --~~~ º º - - -- vidual and group interests, and must be careful to bring to bear all the va- rious agencies of city and nation. My idea of Red Cross is that we should never handle anything when another agency can properly be introduced, but that our effort will be to serve as a stimulating organization.” However, Prof. Morgan insists that any organization which approaches a rural community must not be a spe- cializing, one-handed unit, but must fundamentally attempt to work out with that community an all-round pro- gram, covering its general needs in every field. As the Red Cross enters upon its peace-time work, there are several implications which he thinks fundamental, as follows: “1. We have a fairly clearly defined job. There must be no duplications. Our task must be clearly defined and not dependent upon opportunism. “2. We must base the work on needs as shown by facts—no guesswork. “3. We must occupy the entire field, i. e., both urban and rural. “4. We must appreciate the need for differentiating in our approach to these various fields and also in the training of workers to deal with va- rious types of communities. “5. We must recognize the estab- lished principles and methods of rural work. “6. We must recognize and cooper- ate with every agency in the same field. “7. We must do our own work well and lead the community to con- sider its larger development.” One of the most serious problems faced by the American Red Cross forces in Roumania is the care of hordes of refugees from the border fighting in the Crimea. 8. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN For Ex-Service Men’s Welfare For the comfort of ex-service men who are under treatment in Public Health Service hospitals, National Headquarters, American Red Cross, has just authorized the transfer of seven hundred thousand dollars worth of Red Cross hospital material. These supplies are being transferred to Public Health Service hospital ware- houses, and will be issued on orders from the officials of the hospitals and of the Red Cross hospital personnel. The supplies include gauze ban- dages, pajamas, towels, comfort kits, laundry bags, fracture socks, bedroom slippers, underwear, and bath robes, and will be ample to provide not only the 3,000 patients at present in these hospitals, but for the hundreds who are expected to enter for the treat- ment. Any soldier suffering from illness or injuries contracted in the service need only apply to the Red Cross Home Service section in his local community, in order to take ad- vantage of the expert service which the Government offers him without expense. - Twenty-six students are enrolled in an institute, in medical social work adapted to the Red Cross program in Public Health Service hospitals, which is being conducted in Boston during September and October. This is one of the Red Cross emergency moves to provide trained workers for the care of disabled soldiers under hos- pital treatment. The students were chosen from each of the Red Cross di- visions, and will take up work in the hospitals on completion of the course. All of them have had several years of practical work in the past and have unusually fine qualifications. The course is being directed by Miss Katherine McMahon, under whose guidance, in the New England Division, a most successful program of medical social work has been de- veloped for Public Health Service hospitals. Red Cross “Club Days” Through division organizations of the American Red Cross, a series of Red Cross “club days” will be held in all parts of the United States during October. Business, commercial, Ro- tary, Kiwanis, advertising, fraternal, Woman's and other clubs, are being invited to set aside a day in that month for a special luncheon at which plans will be made for aiding the third Red Cross Ro11 Ca11 November 2–11. The clubs will call for volunteer workers, including prominent members for speakers, in the interest of en- rolling members for the peace-time program of the Red Cross. Gift of Gratitude from Peru A gift of 730 pounds sterling has been received by the American Red Cross from the Lima Peruvian-Inter- allied Committee of Women, for the Franco-Peruvian Hospital in Paris, to be used for the benefit of wounded American soldiers and American chil- dren whose fathers fell in the world war. The contribution, which was forwarded through the Lima, Peru, Chapter of the American Red Cross, was in grateful recognition of the as- sistance American soldiers gave in beating back the Germans, and the aid America, through its Red Cross, ex- tended to the suffering peoples of Europe. The New Comptroller W. Cooke Lewis has been appointed comptroller of the American Red Cross, as of September 15, to succeed Louis J. Hunter, who resigned to take up private business affairs in New York. Mr. Lewis came to the Red Cross % - - % % % º % W. COOKE LEWIS from the Southwestern Bell Telephone System, St. Louis, in November, 1917. He was appointed chief accountant, January 1, 1918, serving in that ca- pacity until March 1, 1919, when he was appointed deputy comptroller. He was in active charge of the De- partment of Accounts at National Headquarters throughout the period of Mr. Hunter's stay in Europe, at- tending to the liquidation of affairs pertaining to the Red Cross war work, and arranging for the change from a war to a peace basis. W. T. Hammer has been named a deputy comptroller as of date Septem- ber 16. | Paints Poland's Appreciation Poland's great artist, Count Wo- jeich Kossak, has recently put the finishing touches to a painting alive with the sentiment and gratitude of his nation for the aid America has given in the bleak hour of need. - The painting has been exhibited at the Polish capital, where it was pro- nounced a remarkably sympathetic work. The artist presented his work to Colonel Walter C. Bailey, of Bos- ton, head of the American Red Cross Mission to Poland, who accepted it on behalf of the Red Cross. It will be sent soon to America, where it will be exhibited in one of the Boston galleries. A Polish officer of cavalry is shown in the painting. His right arm is badly wounded, and he is walking away slowly from the field of battle, aided by an officer of the Red Cross, who supports his weight. The officer's horse follows them, realizing that all is not well with his master. The American offers a broad, strong shoul- der to the agonized Pole, and at the same time looks keenly away into the future, visualizing a Poland standing alone, with wounds healed, and, the smoke of battle in the background lifted, showing scenes of new life ani- mated with the pride of ultimate triumph. Count Kossak is sixty years old. His family is one of the most re- nowned in Poland. As a painter of horses he is considered a close second to Rosa Bonheur. Tales of the Polish insurrection against Russian tyranny in 1831 were the inspiration of his first paintings. He has been invited by the Polish societies in America to visit the United States, and expects to do so in the near future. Field Unit Sent to Minsk The despatch of a general relief and anti-typhus field unit to Minsk has been authorized by the American Red Cross, as a result of the capture of that city by the Polish Army. Reports from Minsk are that people are dying in large numbers from hunger and typhus, while among the children there is much disease, particularly trachoma. The initial personnel of the Red Cross unit will include two American health experts, a chief nurse and about fif- teen Polish-speaking nurses. They will carry with them supplies of medicine, soaps and nourishing foods, and among the first steps taken will be the establishment of a soup kitchen in Minsk. The Societe de Secours aua Blesses militaires of the French Red Cross has 12,000 members. H / º - The Red Wol. III ross Bulletin WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER 29, 1919 No. 40 FAIR EXHIBITS GREAT SUCCESS Chapters Strive to Introduce Novel- ties that Add to the General Interest in Displays The Red Cross exhibits at the state and county fairs have proved one of the interesting features of these func- tions throughout the country this fall, and advance reports on the fairs still º one took place at too early a date to permit of adequate preparation. Many of the divisions have supple- mented the Fair Manuals, sent to all chapters located at fair centers, with circular directions for adding to the interest of the exhibits and sugges- tions for competition with the side- show and “Midway” attractions which hold more or less of the attention of fair patrons. canninal MERCIERPaſsacall Visits American Red Cross Building; Expresses Gratitude for Help to His Beloved People Cardinal Mercier, Primate of Bel- gium, whose spiritual and patriotic heroism forms a glorious chapter in the history of the world war, visited the American Red Cross Building in % % º * rºlling THE REd Cross HEALTH story. From THE CHAUTAUQUA PLATFORM to be held—most of those in the Southern States taking place during October and November—indicate that this novel scheme for getting the scope and meaning of Red Cross activities more forcibly impressed on the peo- ple as a whole will fulfil all expecta- tions. Typifying the enthusiasm with which chapters have entered into the exhibit idea, was the reply from the Lake Division to a query as to how many exhibits probably would be held in that division: “The number equals the number of county and state fairs— and there are 136 such fairs sched- uled.” The Gulf Division reported that they would succeed in holding exhibits at all but one fair, and that “We have urged chapters to have the returned soldiers of their respect- ive jurisdictions bring in their war trophies so that the Red Cross may use them as part of its exhibit,” was a part of a report received from the Mountain Division. The Pacific Division suggested to its chapters the display of reed work, basketry, bead work and embroidery made by convalescent soldiers at the neighboring hospital or barracks. The idea was not only to show this ma- terial, but to make as many sales as possible and remit all funds so ob- tained to the boys making the articles. Two effective posters, with photo- graphs and statistics, were to go with (Continued on page 5) Washington on Tuesday of last week, where he met a reception meriting the characterization of ovation by the en- tire staff of headquarters workers. After inspecting the building, Car- dinal Mercier was escorted to the stairway in the main lobby, where the several hundred members of the staff were assembled. He then was ad- dressed by Willoughby Walling, vice-chairman of the Central Com- mittee, who spoke as follows: “Your Eminence: I wish to pre- sent to you our Red Cross workers at Headquarters, most all of whom have served the Red Cross during the entire period of the war. Each one of us wishes you to know the (Continued on page 7) 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN * – MANY JUNIOR ENTERPRISES IN E U R OPE Director of Red Cross Bureau of Junior Membership Brings Back Data and Pictures Showing What American Children Are Doing A vivid account of the price the children are paying for somebody else’s war is brought back from Europe by J. W. Studebaker, director of the Department of Junior Membership of the American Red Cross, who has re- turned to Washington after two months in France, Italy and the Bal- kans. But side by side with the re- ports of child suffering and destitu- then went on to Belgrade to meet Colonel Anderson, head of the Amer- ican Red Cross Commission to the Balkans. At Belgrade is located the home for 250 war orphans which the Junior Red Cross is to support in co- operation with the Serbian govern- ment. Mr. Studebaker visited this in- stitution, and later a journey to south- ern Serbia enabled him to make the & tions, playing fascinating new games and eating nourishing lunches. To others of the many war orphans in France, the Junior Red Cross is going to give the education their dead fathers would have worked so hard to provide. Fifty boys and girls chosen by competitive examination are to have all their school expenses paid for three years, in order that they may be able to study for a professional career. Fifty little boys out of the many who have been mutilated for life by the explosion of shells along their own home roads in northern France, will be Junior Red Cross wards in comfortable farm houses at Dun-sur-Auron. Here they will be taught the beginnings of agriculture, and will be prepared to take advantage of the special apparatus which enables crippled children to become successful farmers. One of the most appealing of the Junior Red Cross enterprises in France is the happy home at Perigny- sur-Yerres, where eighteen stranded war orphans, aged all the way from four to seventeen, have found not only a shelter, but a chance to start life tion, Mr. Studebaker brings the story of undertakings in many parts of Europe with which American boys and girls, through their Junior Red Cross, are coming to the relief of some of these unfortunate children. Mr. Studebaker sailed the last of June on a journey which has resulted in the establishment of many Junior Red Cross enterprises. After a few days in England, during which he con- ferred with some members of the Min- istry of Education in regard to the correspondence which school children of the British Isles are to carry on with the Junior Red Cross, he pro- ceeded to Paris. Here, with the as- sistance of Major Royal Haynes, European representative of the Junior Red Cross, he was able to complete arrangements for the Junior Red Cross scholarships and apprenticeships, and make plans for several other projects. And here too he found time to make a short trip to Perigny-sur-Yerres, and take some pictures of the Junior Red Cross home in that village, some of which are reproduced in these pages. After several short visits at other places in France and Belgium, where Junior Red Cross work is to be begun this fall, Mr. Studebaker continued to Florence and Rome. At Florence he consulted Colonel Bartlett about plans for Junior Red Cross work among the war orphans of northern Italy, and ORPHANS AT VERANJA. (UPPER) THE SOUP KITCHEN, WHERE FOOD IS COOKED BY THE JUNIOR RED CROSS acquaintance of the brave little or- phanage at Vranje, which will now be maintained by the Juniors. The work which Mr. Studebaker has arranged for the Junior Red Cross to carry on in Europe extends all the way from France and Belgium to the shores of Asia Minor, and it includes undertakings as varying as canteens and scholarships, school colonies, and summer vacations at the seashore. Seashore and hill vacations have al- ready brought new life and health to 500 half-starved little Czecho-Slovaks and a thousand war-worn French orphans, in addition to the 600 Paris youngsters who could not be sent away, but were enabled to pass the long summer days on the Paris fortifica- over again. Here, in a little village of rose gardens, a few miles from Paris, they live the normal life of French children, under the kindly guidance of two French women. The older boys and girls go to school in the village and in Paris, while the little ones play outdoors and help with the tasks of the household. - In Belgium the Junior Red Cross has two plans for the coming winter. At Roulers a Junior Red Cross school colony is to be established for about 200 children who would otherwise have no way of getting to school dur- ing the cold season. The children will be fed and clothed, and will be housed in large barracks, temporary but comfortable and well equipped. Besides supporting this school col- T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN % % % % “LULU,” THE REAL BOSS AT PERIGNY ony at Roulers, the Junior Red Cross will probably maintain in several Bel- gian villages “soupes scolaires,” feed- ing stations where school children may receive a good midday lunch to sup- plement the scanty meals they have at home. At Vranja, in southern Serbia, the Junior Red Cross has undertaken to support the orphanage established last spring by two American Red Cross women. There are 150 children here, from kindergarten tots to boys and girls of high-school age. Mr. Stude- baker shows us a few of them in one of the pictures accompanying this ar- ticle. These children attend the pub- lic schools in Vranja, as do boys and girls from much of the countryside back of the town. The schools have been robbed by invaders of all their equipment — win- dows are covered only by a rude oiled paper, and M. r. Studebaker found the pupils sitting on the floor, studying in rooms whose only furni- ture was a black- board made out of the bottom of an old Red Cross packing case. Many of the pu- pils in the high school leave their homes at 2 in the morning for the long walk over stony Serbian hill- sides; and it is hope d that the Junior Red Cross, besides supporting the Vranja orphan- age, may provide . º | Ż - sleeping accommodations in Vranja for some of the day pupils, so that they may be spared their long, hard, daily walks. Toys are an- other of the many needs at Vranja. There are more than 1,000 children living there, yet nowhere in the whole town is there such a thing as a doll, or a ball, or anything else to help a small child forget his troubles. Two hundred and fifty more out of Serbia’s 500,000 war orphans are being cared for in the orphanage at Belgrade. The Serbian government is cooperating with the Junior Red Cross in the support of these children, and that is why burly German and Bul- garian prisoners have spent many hours in diligently fashioning over- coats and playground apparatus for the comfort of these wards of Amer- ican Juniors. The children attend the public schools in Belgrade, and they also have manual training classes, gym- nasium and kindergarten work in their own buildings. These are the projects upon which the Junior Red Cross has already em- barked, and several more will soon be under way. In Italy a home is to be established in or near Udine for the care of several hundred of the thou- sands of war orphans who have been left homeless in that northern part of the country. In Poland help will be sent to a few of the many thou- sands of children who are exposed to the worst of diseases by their lack of food and clothes. In Palestine, al- though all Red Cross work has now been taken over by the American Com- mission for Relief in the Near East, Juniors will provide scholarships CHILDREN OF THE PERIGNY HOME, SOUTH OF PARIS % __ JUST on E of the pertigny wan ORPHANS which will bring industrial and higher education within reach of a few of the needy children of the Holy Land. In other countries investigators are now at work, and their reports will be made public within a few weeks. Service Badges for Overseas Nurses To express in some slight measure its appreciation of the work done by nurses serving abroad, those enrolled through the Red Cross and assigned for duty with the armed forces of the country as well as those serving with its own organization, the Red Cross Committee on Awards has authorized the issuance of special foreign service certificates to all such personnel who have completed at least six months service overseas. To facilitate the awarding of these certificates, a 1 - rangements have been made to re- ceive applications at the Atlantic Di- vision, Department of Nursing, care of Miss Florence M. Johnson, 44 E. 23d St., New York City. The awarding of service certificates carries with it the right to wear a service badge sus- pended by a plain blue ribbon from a bar marked “For- eign Service.” This ribbon bears an additional white stripe for each ad- ditional six months’ period of service. 4 – THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN --- THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. -** iºn- Application made for entry to the mails as second-class mail matter at the Post Office at Washington BY suBSCRIPTION ONE DOLLAR A YEAR National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow Wilson.................... President WILLIAM. H. Taft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President Robzar W. Dºt Forest... . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKELTon WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . ... • C & © tº e º e º & © tº Secretary Livingsron FARRAND...Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNRort. . . . . . . . . . General Manager. WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 29, 1919 The Nature of the Appeal The American Red Cross is not seeking to perpetuate an organization on the universal membership basis because of any past glory. It appeals to the people of America to swell the Roll Call in November because it has a definite, constructive program in connection with its future mission. Therefore, let no feeling that “the war is over” operate to distract attention from the real, vital issues that are in- volved in the campaign which the Red Cross workers are facing. It is undeniably true that if it had not been for the war and the work done in the war by the American Red Cross, there would be no great or- ganization such as exists today to keep up. But it does not follow that the mission of this great organization terminates with the cessation of hos- tilities and the clearing up of the odds and ends of the relief work which the war called into being. One of the good things that came of the war— one of the very best of the good things—was the lesson of humani- tarian helpfulness. The effectiveness of humanitarian organization has been proved, and it would be throwing away one of the principal fruits of victory if we failed to utilize the mobilized force at command for the welfare of humanity in time of peace. The American Red Cross cannot afford to rest on its laurels. It must be a progressive institution. This pro- gressiveness is evidenced in these few months since the signing of the arm- istice that eased the war-time work of relief, by the public health and home service programs which are pre- sented and already in extensive opera- tion, as the initial steps in a peace- time movement which is intended to have far-reaching results. It is for the future that universal Red Cross membership is wanted, not as a monu- ment to the past. Pride in the past is a justifiable in- centive to appeal to for enrollment in the peace-time organization, but al- ways with the idea that such pride is to be energized for a future service. The combination of pride and con- structiveness ought to make a mighty showing. - A Distinguished Visitor The visit to America of Cardinal Mercier, Primate of Belgium, recalls inspiring memories of the early days of the world war—days that tried men's souls and immortalized the names of spiritual as well as martial heroes. High on the list stands the name of this spiritual leader who bade his people have courage and inspired them to an exalted patriotism in de- fiance of the enemy occupying their land. - - The American Red Cross gives spe- cial welcome to Cardinal Mercier, not only because of admiration for his courage, physical as well as moral, but because he so thoroughly personifies that spirit of humanitarianism for which the Red Cross stands in an organized sense. •. Especially pleasing, therefore, to members of the American Red Cross are the words of appreciation which the Belgian Primate utters regarding the work of their organization during the great struggle. And there is a text as forceful as a proverb in the epigram of this gifted man of vision, who is not a visionary, linking the service of the past with the possibil- ities of the future humanitarian work of peace: - “Such a national inspiration should be captured and held for the benefit of society.” Ruth Gaines' Story of France “Helping France; a Story of the Red Cross in the Devastated Area,” is the title of a book written by Ruth Gaines, of the Smith College Red Cross Unit, and recently issued from the press of E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. - The thrilling feature of the narra- tive is the simple telling of the work of reconstruction and the unsparing efforts of the volunteer relief agents to minister to the unfortunate and bring light out of the darkness. In this connection—and this is what gives the book a particular value—the author explains the system of general opera- tion, and the relationship between the Red Cross and the affiliated relief or- ganizations. This is a technical mat- ter, of course, but the writer has han- dled it in a way which arouses the same interest as the flesh-and-blood part of the story, so that the finish of one chapter almost involuntarily draws the reader into the next one. “Helping France” gives a most com- prehensive idea of the magnitude and importance of the relief work in the devastated areas, and the wonder of it is that a story of such magnitude can be so graphically told in the limits of this little volume. The book is of value to all who would understand the part humanitarian relief played in the winning of the great war. Intensive Course in Community Work A four weeks’ training course in methods of studying community prob- lems is to be given in Washington by the Red Cross Department of Civilian Relief, beginning October 12. Each division is asked to send to this course at least one, and not more than two representatives, chosen from among the most able of its field staff. This course is aimed to meet the generally expressed need on the part of field representatives for more knowledge of the technique of commu- nity study. It is not intended simply to train the individual field representa- tive, but as a group conference for working out standards and methods of community study which shall be of value to all. The first two weeks will be spent in conferring with ex- perts in the field of community study, and in analyzing survey and statistical reports. The third week there will be an intensive study of the community and social problems of some chapter that has expressed a desire for help in determining its peace-time program. During the fourth week the students will analyze the material so secured and map out the methods which should be used in conducting such studies. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Q. HOME SERVICE WORKINAugust During the month of August, rep- resentatives of the Red Cross Bureau of Camp Service gave special Home . Service to 32,208 men in camps and hospitals; if giving them assistance in problems of allotments and allow- ances, compensation, government in- surance, Liberty Bonds, back pay, se- curing investigation of affairs at home, and the provision of needed relief, as well as helping to solve many per- sonal problems. This volume of Home Service cases was only slightly less than that reported for the month of July, in spite of the decrease in the number of men in service from 974,- 508 reported for military and naval establishments in which Red Cross representatives were stationed during July, to 757,786 as reported for the month of August. Increased confi- dence in the ability of the Red Cross to render such service seems to each month influence an increased percent- age of the men still in service to take advantage of the facilities provided. In addition to the cases involying | Home Service, information of a tech- nical nature, more especially pertaining to the Government’s program, was re- ported as given to 48,056 inquirers. The recruits now being enlisted are being reached by Home Service work- ers immediately upon their entry into the Service, and many opportunities of assisting them have developed. The number of cases involving dif- ficulties regarding allotments and al- lowances has remained practically the same for August as for July, but there was a decided increase in the number of cases involving difficulties regarding compensation, there being 1,695 such cases in August as against 1,469 in July. There were 2,273 cases involv- ing insurance difficulties during Au- gust, while 4,227 Liberty Loan en- tanglements were brought to the at- tention of the Red Cross. Requests for after-care and other similar investigations, totalling 6,497, were referred to Home Service sec- tions during the month. A notable increase in the number of requests for family relief was re- ported, as 1,957 such requests were made and referred promptly to Home Service sections, which is an increase of 109 cases over those of July, with a smaller number of men to whom it was possible to render service. The number of cases involving personal problems of soldiers and miscellaneous friendly aid were likewise increased during August, with 4,448 cases in- volving personal problems and 7,123 involving miscellaneous friendly aid. On Public Health Nursing Tour Miss Elizabeth G. Fox, director of the Red Cross Bureau of Public Health Nursing, is making a tour of the Northern, Northwestern, Pacific and Mountain Divisions. She left Na- tional Headquarters September 19 to consult with the division directors of Public Health Nursing concerning lo- cal problems, and to gain a better ap- preciation of local conditions and pos- sibilities of future development. The Polish wounded who were fighting the Red troops along the Lithuanian front last spring, were taken back to Brest-Litovsk in a hos- pital train belonging to the Order of the Knights of Malta, which was turned over to Poland in liquidating the Galician branch of the Austrian Red Cross. It is a well equipped modern hospital train, provided with accommodations for 400 stretcher and 400 walking cases. Fair Exhibits Great Success (Continued from page 1) the display of soldiers’ handiwork. “The local Department of Nursing gives either a baby care-and-feeding demonstration, or a bed-making dem- onstration to draw the crowd,” stated a report from the Lake Division, where enthusiasm has run so high that chapters have their committees to neighboring fairs to get ideas from the Red Cross exhibits there. “On One or two occasions,” the report continued, “chapters have staged mock accidents and given the Red Cross first-aid demonstrations in this vivid fashion.” “We are planning to show life- sized models in nursing costumes and to ask a group of nurses to be pres- ent from the local chapter to talk on the subject,” writes another division. - Among the suggestions sent out by the Southwestern Division are the foll lowing: “Rest room in connection with exhibit,” “Plenty of free ice 35 & 6 water,” “Comfortable seats for peo- ple.” Tableaux, or pantomimes by children, have been used effectively at Some exhibits, and the use of the lec- ture, “The Heart of a Nation,” with the accompanying slides, is being used with great success. - Divisions have urged upon chapters the desirability of having illustrated write-ups of the exhibits in the local papers, and one division is supplying its chapters with newspaper stories featuring the suggested exhibits. COMMISSION REPORT ON POLAND The Interallied Medical Commis- sion sent by the League of Red Cross Societies to investigate the typhus sit- uation in Poland has just returned to Paris, after a month’s inspection tour through both the civil and military sections of Poland. On arriving at Warsaw the members of the commis- sion, Col. Hugh S. Cumming, United States: Lieut. Col. G. S. Buchanan, Great Britain; Lieut. Col. Aldo Cas- tellani, Italy, and Lieut. Col. Fernand Visbecq, France, were received by Premier Paderewski, and by the Min- ister of War and Minister of Public Health, who placed at their disposal facilities for visiting even the most remote districts under civil adminis- tration, and the front areas Occupied by the Polish armies. The commission found that the typhus epidemic of this year has been very widespread and the number of deaths enormous. Colonel Cumming, assistant surgeon general of the United States Public Health Service and chairman of the commission, expressed the opinion of the members as fol- lows: - “The epidemic continues notwith- standing summer conditions, and fresh cases are constantly being introduced from the east by refugees, prisoners of war and the repatriated. The Pol- ish Ministry of Public Health and the Army Medical Service are carrying on an active campaign against typhus, but they have insufficient personnel and supplies, and the hospitals throughout Poland are lamentably de- ficient in sheets, blankets, drugs and essential equipment. Not only typhus, but relapsing fever, typhoid and dys- entery are prevalent, and the commis- Sion considers that very severe epi- demics will occur this winter, unless the most energetic measures are taken to deal with the situation in Poland and prevent the spread of typhus and other epidemics to western Europe and America.” The report and recommendations of the commission will soon be in the | hands of Sir David Henderson, direc- tor general of the League of Red Cross Societies, at Geneva, Switzer- land. . . " - One hundred and forty public Schools of Kobryn, Poland, are re- Opening, and the American Red Cross is cooperating by distributing 4,000 garments among the needy school children. General Pershing and his staff left a parting gift of 94,625 francs to th children of France. - . 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN GENERALS DIRECT ROLL CALL Anxious to Show Appreciation of Service Rendered by Red Cross to Troops in France Their hearts filled with gratitude for what the American Red Cross did for the troops under their command during the fighting days in France, famous generals of the American Ex- peditionary Forces are desirous of doing their bit to help the peace-time work of the organization and build up a great permanent Red Cross mem- bership. The spirit of the fighting men is shown in the acceptance of the Atlantic Division Roll Call chairman- ship by Major General John F. O'Ryan, commander of the old 27th Division, A. E. F., and the announce- ment that Brigadier General George R. Dyer, who commanded the 1st Brigade of the New York State Guard, will serve as Roll Call chair- man for the New York County Chapter. In a statement announcing his ac- ceptance of the chairmanship of the Third Roll Call for the Atlantic Di- vision, General O'Ryan said: “It is with peculiar pleasure that I welcome this responsibility as an opportunity to express, as adequately as I may, my personal sense of grati- tude to the American Red Cross for the wonderful service they per- formed for my division, both over- seas and in the camps in this coun- try, and I know that this feeling of intense gratitude to the Red Cross lies deep in the heart of every officer and man, not only of our own organi- zation, but of every unit in the A. E. F. The American Red Cross made good. Its representatives in France * º º * | % stood shoulder to shoulder with us, comforting and solacing, sharing our hardships, braving all dangers with us, and proving to us constantly, in their person and by their deeds, that back of us, always, no matter what we might be called upon to endure, stood the sympathy and support of the folks back home.” A letter previously written by Gen- eral O'Ryan to Dr. Livingston Far- rand, chairman of the Central Com- mittee of the American Red Cross, follows: “I am informed by Captain Stephen N. Bobo, of the Red Cross, of your proposed drive in November to in- crease Red Cross membership, and that you would welcome in this con- nection assistance from the former officers and men of the Army living in this vicinity who approved the work performed by the Red Cross during the war. “So efficient and comprehensive was the work of the Red Cross which came under the observation of the officers and men of the division which I commanded that I feel sure I repre- sent their sentiments of appreciation when I assume to offer to you, which I now do, all the help we of the old 27th Division can give you. We ap- preciate that the problems to be met and which can best be solved by an organization like the Red Cross are not solely war problems, and that to meet existing and future problems the Red Cross organization must have an acting and understanding member- ship of great strength. We will do what we can to bring to the attention of the many friends of the division the accomplishment of the Red Cross as we saw it in the war, and the fur- ther field for the continuance of its effort.” % * UN LOADING SUPPLIES AT DURAZZO, A. R. C. MONTENEGRO UNIT BASE ANOTHER ADDED TO HONOR ROLL Miss Edith Barnett Dies of the Dis- ease She Was Fighting in Siberia with the Red Cross - To the growing roll of American Red Cross field workers, men and women, who have given their lives in the world-wide battle against disease, there has been added the name of Miss Edith Barnett, of New York, who succumbed to typhus, the scourge she was helping fight in Siberia, August 15. Her death occurred at Tomsk, where she was given a military funeral, and a few days later, at the American post at Verkhneudinsk, military me- morial services were held in tribute to her sacrifice. Miss Barnett, who was the daugh- ter of William E. Barnett, former - - º T EDITH BARNETT vice-president of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, en- gaged in social work in New York before enlisting in the Red Cross as a nurse’s aide. The zeal with which she went forth to share the hardships and dangers of Siberia was demon- strated in a letter written not long before her death, in which she said: “To say that it has been a privilege to have been allowed to play my part in the Nursing Service does not half express what I feel, and I do want to tell you that I shall make every effort to give the best that is in me to this unit for Siberia.” - T B E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 Cardinal Mercier Pays a Call (Continued from page 1) gratitude which each feels for the priceless contribution which your great example has given to America. When you sustained the spirit of your country and comforted your flock, and your fearless words rang out, you not only aroused our hearts, but you added greatly to American tradition and to the spiritual reserves of each of us. “We want your glance to pierce through the flimsy disguise which our millions of members and hundreds of millions of dollars may make, and see in us a group of very simple and ordinary people, held together with the hope of maintaining the spirit of neighborly kindness, which, so much more than political issues and greatly heralded events, has made our nation possible, and without which no nation may endure. THE REAL RED CROSS “We would like you to think of us as typified in those of our members who live in the remote sections of the country, where many have had to drive as much as two days through the blizzards of the Northwest to make their contribution and to render their service to the Red Cross. We would like you to think of us in the persons of the thousands of our mem- bers whose little houses sit far back in the mountains. “We wish that you may see the Red Cross typified in such members, not only because we so keenly feel their devotion but because, in think- ing of them and the tranquility of the vast spaces in which they live, you may be reminded and realize more fully how foreign to us was any thought of military aggression, how remote the thought of strife, and how utterly unbelievable was the thought of those man-made horrors which your eyes have looked upon. “Your Eminence will then the bet- ter understand that we, more than any other people, had need for your words, coming, as they did, from your posi- tion as a shepherd of your people, to arouse us, and to bring to us realiza- tion of our duty and our obligation; and you may better understand what a particular and especial blessing your presence here today is to each of us.” THE CARDINAL RESPONDS In response, Cardinal Mercier said: “Mr. Vice-President, the accent of sincerity in your words and the ap- plause of the assembly move me deeply. I feel a profound sympathy for your work. During four sorrow- ful years of war among a people who had much to suffer, I understood the - importance of your work—what you did for the wounded, and not only for them, but for those who were sick on their beds and for their families. It was a great satisfaction for the father and mother to know that those who were wounded in the war were being cared for maternally by you. “I express to you my deep grati- tude—I express it to you personally, and I express gratitude in the name of my people, not only to you here, but also to those of you who are far away. I thank you also for your ºn % º % Ø % % % % % HIS EMIN ENCE, DESIDERATUS CAR- DINAL MERCIER, ARCHIBISHOP OF MALINES, PRIMATE OF BELGIUM great work of the Red Cross. I know your membership has grown from 400,000 to, I think it is, 19,000,000 or 20,000,000. This is a splendid progress in a splendid movement. “Still there is one thing which I appreciate more than quantity—it is quality. Quantity is one thing you have. But for the quality of your hearts and your charity for mankind —for all these I offer you my expres– sion of admiration. And when I shall go back home, after some time, I shall tell my people not only of what you were during the war, but what you are already coming to be, our per- manent institution for charity, for hu- manity, and I know that my poor Bel- gium, my small country, will have a share in your souvenir and I hope also in your help.” In an interview authorized imme- diately following his arrival at the American capital, Cardinal Mercier told of conditions in Belgium, particu- larly those pertaining to health, and in this connection made special men- tion of the peace-time program of the Red Cross and emphasized the im- portance, as he sees it, of “capturing” the National American Red Cross in- spiration and holding it “for the bene- fit of society.” “The mothers and little children of Belgium are utterly worn out from the long strain,” said the Cardinal, dis- cussing the four years' occupation of Belgium by the Germans. “They must rest and play as much as possible, for a while, if the next generation is to be equal to the tasks that await it. “It was hardest of all to watch the little children go without milk, es- pecially the babies. For four years I saw them with my own eyes grow wan and thin for lack of milk to make them strong and healthy. It was hard, so hard, to know that I was helpless to aid them. DISEASE GREATEST DANGER “Consumption, tuberculosis, is among us like a plague. It is a dan- ger far more serious than bolshevism, because it is undermining the state by weakening our people and reducing the production of necessary goods. We need machinery in Belgium for our factories, in order to make our people self-supporting and to resume industry. I now also say that we need health among our workers and their families even more. We are al- ready beginning a national health work for the mothers and young babies of Belgium, and are establishing a kind of center in the larger cities and towns, where mothers and their babies can receive advice and attention, and their welfare be promoted in every possible way.” A question about Louvain and the future of its famous, five-centuries. old university, completely destroyed by the Germans in 1914, revealed that Cardinal Mercier's mind is at present running very much along health lines. “The university will be rebuilt as fast as we can find means to do it,” he said, “One of the very first things I wish to do is to reestablish the med- ical school on the most advanced scientific lines that medical research and discoveries during the war have made possible. I intend to reopen at once the hospital and the clinic of the university, so that we can begin im- mediately to study and help solve our national problems of medicine and health. I want also to build maternity hospitals both at Brussels and at Ant- Werp, connected with which will be training schools for obstetricians. MUST HAVE HELP “To accomplish all this we will need more nurses in Belgium than we now have. We must found at Louvain a training school for nurses and we must encourage the nursing profession. The good Sisters have (Continued on page 8) 8 T H E R E D C Ross B UL LET IN RELIEF AFTER TEXAs stoRM Disaster in Corpus Christi District Presents Another Example of Red Cross Readiness. ... " The immediate emergency incident to the storm disaster in the Corpus Christi district was being fully met by the cooperative efforts of the United States Army, Texas state au- thorities and the American Red Cross, according to the latest reports re- ceived at National Red Cross Head- quarters. - º A. W. Jones, Red Cross representa- tive in the field, states the sum re- quired for relief will be much larger than originally expected. Under his direction, at the request of Governor Hobby, of Texas, an appraisal of losses is being completed to determine the amount and form of aid. in re- habilitation necessary. Property losses are estimated at between ten and twenty million dollars, and four thou- sand people are left homeless and des- titute. - . . A general relief committee for the entire devastated area has been created, composed of state and Red Cross officials. A. W. Jones, director of Civilian Relief for the South- western Division, is chairman of the subcommittee on rehabilitation. Each town affected is organizing a local committee, whose work will be co- ordinated with that of the general committee. « . . . . The promptness with which Red Cross Chapters in the devastated re- gion rushed to the aid of the suffer- ers has been commented upon in tele- grams. Manager Alfred Fairbanks, who is directing the entire Red Cross activity from St. Louis, reports that Dr. Herbert Caldwell, chairman of the Red Cross Home Service, and Miss Mildred Seeton, head of the Red Cross Chapter in Corpus Christi, or- ganized the entire Red Cross person- nel within 24 hours into an efficient emergency relief service: Red Cross Field Director Frank Harris, of Mis- | National Catholic War Council. sion, Tex., who managed Red Cross participation with the recent Mexican Expeditionary Forces, was one of the first to proceed to Corpus Christi, where at this time there are ten trained Red Cross disaster relief workers. Chairman George Seeley, of the Galveston Chapter, commands a gov- ernment boat with 100 tons of Red Cross supplies, food, and clothing, and is carrying relief to points outside of Corpus Christi, which cannot be reached by railroad. - - - - town of Alice, a Red Cross canteen was opened and four hundred refugees I do not know what we would have given warm food and protection. Other branches are providing the same canteen service in their immediate dis- tricts, and about four thousand are being fed each day in three Red Cross kitchens in Corpus Christi. . Very little sickness had developed up to September 23, but emergency supplies, serum, etc., were being rushed in from San Antonio. Many Red Cross nurses had reached the scene. . Four trains of refugees from the devastated districts were met with au- tomobile at San Antonio by Red Cross Camp Service Director Law- rence Boggher and many members of the San Antonio Chapter. The Red Cross is furnishing tickets for refugees en route to their home towns, and under the direction of Miss Mabel Ferguson, Red Cross executive secre- tary, arrangements with hotels in San Antonio are being made to take care of them there. Through the efforts of Red Cross Field Director Shaw, at Camp Travis, three hundred Mexican men, women, and children are being housed and given every attention in the barracks at Camp Travis. Houston is also fur- nishing automobile and canteen serv- ice for refugees en route. Cardinal Mercier Pays a Call (Continued from page 7) performed marvels during the war: I do not know what we would have done without them. But they are worn out from four years of constant duty, day and night, and their strength is not equal to all the great tasks of nursing that will now come as a result of our health program.” - Two American agencies were spe- cially singled out for enthusiastic praise by His Eminence for what they had done in Belgium—Mr. Hoover's Committee for the Relief of Belgium, and the American Red Cross. His Eminence also spoke cordially of the work now being done in Brussels by the unit under the direction of the “Your American Red Cross is mag- nificent,” said Cardinal Mercier, “and the extent of its work and its member- ship is simply marvelous. Of course, without such support from the whole American people it would have been obviously impossible to accomplish the wonderful things your Red Cross did during the war. Such a national in- spiration should be captured and held for the benefit of society. It is ex- traordinary what can be accomplished when a free people all unite and work together for their common good and for the good of humanity.” and Southwestern Divisions. two western divisions, members of the HOME SERVICE TEAM IN FIELD First Tour for Setting Up of Peace- - Time Program Found Western People Alive to Task Professor E. R. Morgan, director of the Bureau of Rural Organization; Dr. Jesse F. Steiner, director of the Bureau of Home Service Training, and Miss M. F. Byington, director of the Bureau of Field Service, constitut- ing the Red Cross Civilian Relief De- partment team for the setting up of the peace-time Home Service program, have just completed their first ex- tensive tour. Five divisions were vis- ited, and conferences were held with the entire field staffs of the North- western and Mountain Divisions. Enthusiastic reports come from the directors of Civilian Relief in these divisions. “We take this opportu- nity,” says that from Northwestern, “to express sincere appreciation of the great impetus given to the division staff by our national leaders, who so capably interpreted the message of their fields, survey technique, applied sociology, and rural community organ- ization. We feel satisfied that the members of the division staff have been synchronized, one with another, and with National Headquarters for rapid development of our future work.” The team swung through the Lake, Northern, Northwestern, Mountain, In the field staff gave up their vacations and attended the conferences at their own expense. Advantage was taken of Doctor Steiner's presence in the Northwestern Division to hold a conference of edu- cational representatives who will be most closely associated with the Red Cross training program. Here are outstanding results, from the conferences: * 1. A satisfactory beginning in th field of simple survey of community and rural Organization problems adapted to Red Cross Chapter con- ditions. . - 2. A definite consciousness of the necessity for applying the best in sociology to everyday activities, to- gether with the development of a plan for daily study as a part of the work- ing day. ". ~ 3. The establishment of close work- ing relations between the division staff and universities and colleges, for beginning educational work in the fall. The Home Service team is catching up on work at headquarters and will soon continue its program of confer- ences with the divisions. - - º is 7 ºr - -- º A 4- The Red Cross Bulletin Wol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 6, 1919 No. 41 WELCOME FRENGH WAR BRIDES Hospitality of American Homes for the Wives of Returned Soldiers Is Appreciated All Around American homes are extending the same hospitality to the French wives of returned soldiers that the dough- boys received from grateful French families with whom they were bil- leted, according to letters that are constantly be in g received by Ameri- can Red Cross Home Service workers, who also are helping make these brides from overseas feel at home here. The Red Cross chap- erones, who were assigned to groups of French soldiers’ wives when they were p as sing through the ports at which they landed, too, have received many let- ters showing the progress the new- comers have made - - - VLADIVOSTOK toward adjusting > the mise 1 v e s to American homes and customs. “What would have become of us, poor little French strangers, all alone in the strange country, without even knowing enough language to make tºs understood P” writes one of these brides. “Thanks to the Red Cross we were not separated and everything was done for our comfort, to show us that we were not alone and that we were in a country of friends.” The husband of one writes: “On Monday we had a visit from a young lady from the Red Cross and my wife was very glad to hear some- body speak French. And when she found out that it was you who sent the address to look us up, she went clean ‘mad,” as you know she used to do when you would take her to a show or a drive.” Voicing the gratitude of a group of former service men for the attention given their French wives by the Red Cross, one of the husbands wrote: “We can never say what this has meant. Our wives had no idea what America was like except what we told them. Now they’ve met real American people here in the hotel and places §- º s N RED CROSS CLOTHING DISTRIBUTION AT SECOND RIVER REFU GEE BARRACKS, WHEN CHAPTER PRODUCTION GOODS FROM AMERICA ARE GIVEN TO THOSE MOST IN NEED. they’ve been. Of course, they’ll meet some mean ones later—they’re bound to—but they’ll be contented, because nothing will ever make them think that real Americans are anything but fine.” But the enthusiasm is not all on one side, for Home Service workers, through their intimate contact with the French girls the American sol- diers took as wives, see in the ma- jority of them a valuable, wholesome addition to the womanhood of the nation. “We feel,” reports one Red Cross woman, “that girls like these are a real asset to America.” one management has HEALTH GOSPEL REACHES FAR More Than Million and Half People Have Heard Nurses Deliver Red Cross Message More than a million and a half people, in all parts of the United States, having heard from the lips of a Red Cross nurse the story of the Greatest Mother's activities during the war, and have rallied to the appeal - to “carry on for a healthier, happier America of tomor- row.” Two thousand four hundred and two Chautauqua audiences, averag- ing from 30 to 2,000 persons each, scattered from Mi- ami, Florida, to Kennebunk, Maine, and from San Ja- cinto, California, to Cath le met, Washington, have listened to the twenty-five Red Cross nurses who have been lectur- ing on Chautauqua platforms since January. Twelve Chautauqua companies have accepted Red Cross nurses as members of their “talent” and have met their salaries and traveling expenses while they have been on the road. Several of these companies have had two and three nurses on their various circuits, while placed six speakers, and given over one thousand entertainments in which these nurses have participated. The average audi- ence ranges from “thirty people who huddled in the tent and laughed with me over my forts to make more noise than a 11 thunderstorm,” to “2,200 people who listened in breath- less attention to the stirring address | º . § T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 2 given by the Red Cross nurse,” etc. Owing to the shortness of time in which this campaign was launched last January, the Red Cross was unable to secure a place on the Chautauquas on the Pacific Coast, as these com- panies had already made up their pro- ºgrams and had their publicity on the press. There is not a state in the Union, however in which several of these speeches have not been delivered, while Nebraska holds the record of 199 audiences, with Ohio running a close second with 179 at the time the report was made up. Delaware, one of the smallest states, has had its quota of seven lectures. The thirty-four nurses, including substitutes, who have endured the dis- comfort of almost constant night travel, and uncertain hotel accommo- dations, with the same good-humored sportsmanship with which they ac- cepted war service, have addressed an audience every afternoon or even- ing for a period of ninety days. When the season closes, two Chau- tauqua veterans will hold a record of 282 speeches, delivered six days a week, covering a period from January 25th to about November 15th ; and they now are considering whether or not they will accept the ten days vaca- tion which the Red Cross is offering them. These nurses have had the full co- operation of Red Cross divisions and Chapters to help them further their message. Sometimes they have been “met at the railroad station by a parade of the local Red Cross mem- - bers, and escorted to a banquet,” “I have enjoyed especially,” writes one nurse, “the quiet hospitality of Red Cross members who have opened their homes to me, where I could tell them so simply and clearly the Red Cross story of war and peace, and could also rest a few minutes after our daily hundred-mile jump.” These Red Cross troubadours of health delivered a two-fold message— what the Red Cross had done over- seas, which they themselves had seen and participated in, and what the Red Cross hoped to do in the future. “On the platform,” writes one of them, “I tried to make every member of my audience realize what they had done for the war crusade; then, after liter- ally taking them with me to my tent hospital under bombardment, making them see the wounded as they were º % A. R. C. HEADQUARTERS, GERMAN CAMP FOR RUSSIAN PRISONERS, CAS- SEL, RUSSIA. N § N \ A. R. C. MILITARY RELIEF CAR. UNLOADING CHAIRS FOR RECREATION ROOMS FOR - - AMERICAN SOLDIERS, AT SPASSKOE, NORTH OF VLADIVOSTOK % % % * RED CROSS FLAG THAT FILEW OVER THE RUSSIAN PRISON CAMP IN GER- MANY being brought in, I asked the question: ‘Who helped us to save those lives? Who made it possible for the surgeons and nurses to carry on their work? Where did we get every single dress- ing that was used on those wounded boys? And every particle of equip- ment that made possible our work? You, members of the American Red Cross, you who worked hours a day, days a week, weeks a month, into the second year! And it was you who helped save the lives of those splendid fighters of the United States, for with- out this great army working here, we could never have carried on, over there !’ - Then came my opportunity, and I’d drive home my question—“Now that your work for the war crusade is no longer needed, now that you have proven what you are capable of doing, can you demobilize? Is not a life here at home as precious as a life in France? Will you not carry on the Red Cross peace program against pre- ventable disease—for a healthier and a happier America of Tomorrow P' " Among the letters which come to National Headquarters, one is ad- dressed to a nurse speaking in the Lake and Pennsylvania Division, and reads as follows: “My dear little girl—if you could only hear all the nice things being said about your most excellent lecture you gave us! We thank you for starting the ball rolling. May God bless you every day, and wherever you go, for you never can realize the good you are doing. “I am yours in the Public Health Work.” T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN - 3. The Burnside Paintings Cameron Burnside's eight decora- tive paintings, depicting the Ameri- can Red Cross relief work in France, are now hanging in the main building of the Red Cross National Head- quarters in Washington, D. C. Re- productions from photographs of three of the paintings are presented on this page and like reproductions of the others of the series will be printed in early numbers of THE BULLETIN. These large paintings have been in- spected and admired by hundreds of visitors to the Red Cross Building during the short period they have been on view in this country. The artist, a lieutenant in the American Red Cross, An Outpost Canzee/7 was a prominent member of the Amer- ican art colony in Paris before the war. His Red Cross activities in- spired in him the idea of perpetuating the work in France on canvas, and the finished task created a furore in the French capital. Rejected for army service when the United States entered the war, Burn- side was assigned to work at the American Red Cross central ware- house in Paris. There he unloaded camions, shifted cases, opened boxes and unpacked supplies until the diffi- cult manual labor made him ill. Asked what else he could do besides ware- house work, he replied, “Paint pic- M/3/a/oose //, /232/3 y tures.” Then he outlined his plan for a series of paintings which would il- lustrate all the phases of American Red Cross activities. Officials of the Commission for France supplied him with brushes, canvases and oils, ap- preciating at once the value of the idea. All the summer and fall of the Ger- man bombardment of Paris, Burnside kept at his painting. Once his models were panic-stricken by the explosion of a bomb in the street just outside his studio. Completed at last, the paintings were exhibited for a brief time in Paris and then shipped for their permanent abiding place in Washington. At A A. C. M//#3ry Hosp/42//Vo. 5 4 ar- - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN ~~- THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS Red cross BUILDING, was HINGTON, D. c. National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Presidynt WILLIAM. H. Taft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President Rostar W. Dr. Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALExANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e e o e s • * Counselor Srockton Axson. . . . . . . . . . • e e e o e o e º e º e Secretary Livings'ron FARRAND... Chairman Central Committee WILLough BY WALLING. . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman Farpitrick C. MUNRort. . . . . . . . . . General Manager *— WASHINGTON, D.C., OCTOBER 6, 1919 Soldier Work Still Heavy While it is hoped that the great, permanent Red Cross work of the future will be wholly a work of peace —that wars have ended for all time with the laying down of arms in the conflict which recently has convulsed the world—it is important to bear in mind that the obligations of the Amer- ican Red Cross respecting the care and comfort of the country's de- fenders is not completed. The para- mount duty of the Red Cross organi- zation is to maintain the service for the fighting men at 100 per cent effi- ciency until there is no longer any call for it. Figures show that demobilization of the military forces of the Government has not decreased the demands on the Red Cross in important branches of effort affecting the welfare of the men in uniform. On the contrary, there has been greater volume of work in certain lines during the last few months than there was before de- mobilization began. Great increases are shown in the volume of personal service rendered, due to the growing knowledge among the men regarding the help that is theirs for the asking, as well as the mounting character of problems that seem to arise on the personal side of the equation as the ranks are thinned in the camps and the ability to give a fuller service through the experience of the previous months and years. - Along with service of the kind just alluded to, reaching high-water mark months after the signing of the armis- tice, there still keeps up the original distinctive work in the camps and hospitals for the vigorous and the wounded and the convalescent. All of it is work that must continue until the last man has been mustered out and the last of the hospitals is closed. Everybody who responds to the third Red Cross Roll Call, November 2–11, therefore, will have a part in carrying to completion the tasks which were assumed when the United States engaged in the war. And nobody ought to miss the chance of enrolling through one of the million volunteer workers who will attend to the sign- ing up for the year 1920. In Peace As in war The Red Cross nurse has been the ministering angel to the wounded and sick in time of war. But why should the good offices of the profession of nursing be limited to the aid of hu- manity after disaster or illness occurs? Isn’t it an equally important thing to prevent killing and maiming of men and wastage from disease? By treaties and the establishment of general international relations on new lines, the governments of the world are seeking to prevent the deliberate destruction and crippling of human beings by removing the possibility of war. The spirit of the day is to make the world better and safer for man- kind. And if war can be rendered impossible, or a remote possibility, why cannot some agency perform the complimentary service of preventing or minimizing the ills that afflict hu- manity in its normal, every-day life? The answer to the question last stated is that it can be done; and the new Red Cross idea is to apply the lessons of war to the every-day life of the people, to the end that the scourges of disease shall not, in the future, reap the harvest of lives and cause the terror and suffering that they have in the past. The prevention of war is being sought through the removal of the causes of war; and the peace- time fight which the Red Cross already has started against disease is directed to the removal of the causes of disease. The one is no more idealistic—no more impossible of accomplishment than the other. Looking ahead, the American Red Cross Department of Nursing pre- pared to inaugurate its campaign to improve the health conditions of the country even before the war work drew to a close. Now its tremendous energies are concentrated on a pro- gram of peace-time service that would have been considered stupendous a few years back, when the force which events have turned into new channels had not been mobilized. As a result thousands and thousands of Amer- icans already have better knowledge than they ever before had regarding the primary rules of health. The nurse of experience has found a fresh mission—to tell the people how to be healthier through right eating, right sleeping and right living generally. The rural communities are being organized for health, with the Red Cross community nurse as important a functionary in the new order of things as the town marshal or the selectman. If you, Mr. Man and Mrs. Woman, think this campaign for health—this great systematic fight against prevent- able disease, is worth while, you can prove your interest by enrolling again under the Red Cross banner Novem- ber 2–11. Without such support as the American people gave to their Red Cross in the time of crisis in the world war the mighty energies necessary to the new task could not be effectively directed. With the continued back- ing of an organization such as already exists, effectiveness is assured—the past has proved that. Military Relief Department Changes Stephen N. Bobo, director of the Bureau of Canteen and Motor Ser- vice, Department of Military Relief, has resigned effective as of September 15th. H. F. Enlows, director of the Bureau of Camp Service, has been appointed director of the Bureau of Canteen and Motor Service, effective September 16th. Mr. Enlows will continue to act as director of the Bureau of Camp Service. Several wagons of provisions were distributed to the 1,600 starving in- habitants found by the American Red Cross upon its entrance into Kichinief, - Bessarabia. THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN 5 NATIONAL BUREAUREORGANIZES Information Service Regarding Relief and Charity to Prevent Impo- sition on the Public To protect the contributing public and to assist in the conservation and proper distribution of the charitable resources of the country during the reconstruction era the National In- vestigation Bureau has been reorgan- ized and launched on a permanent pro- gram under the new name of the Na- tional Information Bureau. The reorganized agency will under- take to accomplish three purposes: 1. The establishment of reasonable standards of administration and work for national social and philanthropic agencies and the endorsement of agen- cies which meet these standards. 2. The protection of the public from imposition. 3. The assisting, so far as may be possible, of national agencies in their efforts to adapt their programs and their work to each other and to the communities in which they are en- gaged. - Among the social agencies repre- sented in the organization are: Amer- ican Red Cross, War Camp Commu- nity Service, American Civic Associa- tion, National Child Welfare ASSO- ciation, The Charity Organization So- ciety of New York, National Tuber- culosis Association, American Social Hygiene Association, New York School of Social Work, National Child Labor Committee, National Associa- tion for the Advancement of Colored People, American Society for the Con- trol of Cancer, Cincinnati Council of Social Agencies, Detroit Patriotic Fund, National Municipal League, Cleveland War Council, American Association for Organizing Family Social Work, and the Young Men's Christian Association. The current war relief files of the Bureau contain records of 320 Sep- arate investigations. Partial informa- tion on 108 other organizations brings the total of different enterprises rep- resented in the files to 428. Ninety- three war relief agencies have been endorsed; 109 have been refused en- dorsement. In addition the Bureau has withdrawn its endorsement from one organization, has now pending nine war relief investigations, and has investigated 108 enterprises on which, for various reasons, it was not neces- sary to reach a formal conclusion. Á total of 1,480 detailed reports already have been issued to inquirers. The Bureau's program for the com- ing year contemplates bringing to- gether organizations working in the same field for the comparison of pro- grams, decrease of duplication and in- crease of cooperation. The Bureau is devoting increased attention to the Question of budget making. It is pre- pared when requested to suggest standard forms of accounting and to assist organizations to handle their finances in a business-like manner. Several inquiries for general infor- mation relating to problems of social service administration have already been referred to the bureau and it is planned to accumulate all possible data on such subjects, so that the bureau may become a genuine clearing house of social information, statistical and otherwise. While its field is national, it is prepared to suggest means Of supervising charitable solicitations in local communities, and to serve upon request in the delicate task of adapt- ing national programs to local condi- tions. * Tour in Interest of First Aid For the purpose of developing and stimulating first aid and accident pre- vention activities in industries and schools, Dr. E. R. Hunter, director of the First Aid Division of the Amer- ican Red Cross, will make a tour of the Middle West this month. He first attended a mine rescue contest in Pittsburgh, September 29–30, con- ducted jointly by the United States Bureau of Mines and the American Red Cross. The importance of first aid was one of the major themes for discussion before the annual meeting of the Na- tional Safety Council, at Cleveland, October 1 to 4, and Dr. Hunter par- ticipated in this convention as the offi- cial Red Cross representative. In con- nection with this session, a statement from Dr. Frederick L. Hoffman, stat- istician for one of the large life in- Surance companies, says: “It has been the experience of the National Safety Council that the in- troduction of first aid teaching in industry is much facilitated by the pre- liminary training given by the Amer- ican Red Cross. It is therefore to be hoped that there may be the fullest cooperation between the American Red Cross and the National Safety Council in behalf of the extension of first aid teaching to schools and col- leges in the furtherance of the cause of safety first.” Dr. Hunter will be in Chicago until October 18, and while there will ad- dress the annual meeting of the Amer- ican Association of Railway Surgeons on the general subject of railroad first aid. He will be in St. Louis, October the way. BARRACKS serWE PEACE ENDs Used as Schools, Churches and Town Halls in Rheims District; Gift of Red Cross Wood and iron barracks that a few months ago sheltered American doughboys at base and intermediate camps, are undergoing a second in- carnation in the Rheims district of France as schools, parish churches and town halls. No less than fifteen of the low rambling structures, each one large enough to seat an infantry com- pany at war strength, have already been put into use and others are on The barracks are the gift of the American Red Cross through M. Henri de Bellet, Red Cross delegate to Rheims. The French Protestant church and parsonage, and the public school that was recently opened for the children of returning refugees, were made possible for Rheims by the gift of the barracks. The town hall at Sillery, the combined public School, town hall, and church at Beaumont, and the church and parsonage at Wez are all of the same origin. Former American Army barracks are also used for the care of return- ing refugees. At Miuzon, just outside the Rheims gate, the first large wooden barrack was placed as a temporary lodging for the returning refugees. Here they are received as they come in from the train, given shelter and food, and assistance in finding their homes. Another wooden barrack, under the charge of the Sisters of Hope, is used as a canteen for refu- gees, workmen and destitute people. At Borru, outside Rheims in another direction, one of the largest iron barracks shelters returning refu- gees for the farming country beyond. At Bazancourst the local committee of the Red Cross uses one as a ware- house and distribution center of relief supplies. The largest double barrack of all is both a public building and refugee headquarters. It was erected on the public promenade of Rheims as Red Cross headquarters. But it is also the home of the delegate, M. de Bellet, who is himself a returned refugee ; the Red Cross warehouse, the garage for the Red Cross Car, and a hotel for transient American officers who wish to stay over night in Rheims. It is the busiest of them all. 20 to 25; Kansas City, October 27; Topeka, Kan., October 28 to 29; Manhattan, Kan., October 30, and Denver, November 1. - 6 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN HELP ING MEN TO VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Discouragements Met and Embarrassments Relieved by Field Agents in the Red Cross Home Service Organization - In standing by the disabled soldiers who are seeking vocational education to better prepare them for life’s work, the field representatives of the Amer- ican Red Cross, as one small part of their work, have loaned some fifty thousand dollars during the last few months. Neither the Red Cross nor the disabled men look upon these loans as charity, as is evidenced by the fact that already one-third of the amount has been returned by the service men, four thousand of whom have been aided by the Red Cross, during their period of adjustment with the Federal Vocational Board. The occasions for Red Cross service have arisen from a great variety of causes, such as the loss of the federal check; the omission of a man on the pay list through clerical error, the man being approved for training and yet not actually placed at school; the need for subsistence until the government check arrives; subsistence and trans- portation for the soldier refused train- ing by the board; the breakdown of men who must leave to go home from training for medical care not provided otherwise; for transportation where payments were delayed, etc. The Red Cross is maintaining workers in liaison with all the district Federal Vocational Board and Public Health Service offices, and at most of the schools where men are receiving training. Home Service sections throughout the country are being advised of the difficulties of families and dependents of disabled men, and wherever neces- sary the government provisions for their sustenance is being supplemented. The Bureau of After Care, of the Civilian Relief Department of the American Red Cross, has entered into partnership with disabled soldiers in a determined effort to aid them secur- ing every possible advantage from the government provisions, and is en- deavoring to supplement at those points where the limitation of govern- ment legislation and bureau regula- tions causes embarrassment to the soldier. The Red Cross is simply carrying out its war-time obligations. The people of America have appointed it their agent for giving that immediate attention to the needs and require- ments of service men which is neces- sary until they are completely re- absorbed in civilian life. Whºe re- arrangement of congressional acts and methods of administration with refer- ence to disabled men are under con- sideration, the Red Cross stands as their elder brother to secure for them every possible advantage, and to in- sure them and their families against suffering. The Red Cross is just as much an agency of American patriotism as the government itself, and it hopes that soldiers and sailors will be interested in contradicting the mere suggestion of charity in connection with Home Service. Untold distress may be the direct cause of such an unfortunate misconception. Such an incident re- cently occurred in Kansas, where a disabled soldier with an artificial limb failed to make connections with the Home Service section in his own home town. On his return from overseas the company where he had worked as a stationary engineer had no employ- ment for him. With a wife and baby to support, it was absolutely necessary that he secure employment at the earliest possible date. Without knowing what was in store for him he went to St. Louis “by freight.” When the man arrived, he was physically miserable, for his artificial limb needed adjustment and had produced inflammation. His com- pensation claim had never been filed. The Home Service Section filed his % % & º = BOYS OF SKOPLJE, “SNAPPED BY A. MEMBER OF A. R. C. SERBIAN COM- MISSION claim for compensation, sent him to the Public Health Service Hospital, and got temporary work for him as a gateman at the hospital. Because he was still hopeless and discouraged as to his future prospects, and very much worried because he thought that his family was destitute, he was given transportation for a visit home over the Fourth of July. On his return, the interest of a big construction concern was enlisted, the manager of which was persuaded to see that the man was equipped to hold a bigger job than that of a gateman. The result was that the soldier was given a chance to show what he could do in a little town as stationary engi- neer and manager. His salary was to be $125 monthly. After two weeks of work he had built up a plant, re- paired all the works, qualified as manager, and besides his salary was given a little home at the expense of the company. He was thus enabled to send for his wife and child. Loans and grants of financial aid form a very small part of the services rendered the more than one hundred thousand discharged disabled men who have applied to Home Service sections throughout the country. Thousands of others have been sought out in their homes and persuaded to make an effort to secure government benefits. Forty-five hundred of these soldiers have been persuaded to enter Public Health Service Hospitals by Red Cross Representatives. Consider the case of Curry Bennett, a southern boy who was kicked by a mule while serving at Camp Custer. He was in the hospital three months, sailed for France in July, 1919, was returned to this country, and dis- charged as being in good physical con- dition. When the Red Cross worker discovered him, he was unable to carry on in his occupation because of con- tinual dizziness. The diagnosis of the physician developed a depressed frac- ture of the skull, which was remedied and Bennett is making good at his old job. The Red Cross has recently supplied the Public Health Hospitals with seven hundred thousand dollars worth of conveniences for patients, which are not provided under Government appropriations. The Red Cross is also interesting itself in the convalescent period of disabled men, and in one division has worked out a cooperative plan by which the Public Health Ser- vice bears all expense while the Red Cross arranges “out care” for the patients in appropriate private homes or boarding houses. THE RE D C R O S S B UL LET IN 7 H0SPITAL IN GOSSACK STATE Bears Tablet Expressing Generosity of the People of America Through Red Cross Correspondence just at hand from Ekaterinodar, southern Russia, states that America's most pricely gift to that region, recently redeemed from the Red terror, is a 350-bed hospital, which has been presented to the Kou- ban government by the Red Cross. It occupies the well ventilated build- ing facing the park of the Cathedral, which served in former days as the “gymnasium” or high school, and is the only modern hospital in that sec- tion of Russia. The equipping of the hospital has been effected with medicines, instru- ments and supplies brought in the Red Cross ship that landed recently at Novorossick. It was installed under the direction of Dr. J. J. Szymanski, of Passaic, N. J. Professor Alexien- sky, formerly of the University of Moscow, will be chief surgeon. will be assembled. It opened with 350 beds fully equipped, and with supplies of medicines, instruments, drugs, dressings, splints, etc., sufficient for six months. It is of the same general model as the “Red Cross Emergency Hospital” which gave such excellent service with the A. E. F. in France. The hospital will be operated by the Ministry of Health of the Kouban government. Helping Men to Vocational Education (Continued from page 6) A difficulty has been encountered by reason of the crowded condition of the colleges. Many of them cannot find space to care for their increased enrollment. Fifty former soldiers and sailors, disabled, at Tulane University, have been living in one of the Tulane dormitories. When the university opens, however, these dormitories will be occupied by the regular students. “If we had the building,” said the Gulf Division of the Red Cross. “We’ve got a building, all right,” said Tulane University. “We’ve got the r a dio school, which was used dur- ing war time. The trouble is, that it costs money to fix it up. If only we had the money.” ‘ ‘ T h a t ' S enough,” said the Red Cross. “These men re- ceived their dis- abilities while fighting for us, and they’re still in Our c a re. We’ve got the money. Here it is.” Work was be- gun at Once, and, with the º Cotº or Tºsº CHURCH, Pºzº N. SERBIA, whº $1,300 furnish- 3 * CHILDREN ARE SERVE 32 RED CROS Rvºn Food ºy Tºrº Rºn Cross THREE cd by the Gulf TIMES A DAY. To the right of the main entrance is a bronze tablet inscribed: THIS HOSPITAL WAS ESTABLISHED THROUGH THE GENEROSITY OF THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS, 1919. For the present, the hospital will be used chiefly for surgical work, although it is the intention to make it the nucleus about which the new medi- cal School of the Kouban government Division, the radio building will be turned into a dormitory before the regular Tulane COurSe OpenS. Chinese Nurses Win Praises Six Chinese women, probably the first to issue out of China on such a mission in the forty centuries of its history, have returned to their homes after service as nurses in an American Red Cross unit in Siberia. Their intelligent activity won the highest praise from the doctors who saw them work. New Director of Junior Red Cross John Ward Studebaker has resigned his position as national director of the Department of Junior Membership and returned to his work as assistant superintendent of schools in Des Moines, Iowa. He is succeeded by James N. Rule, who has been asso- ciate director. Mr. Studebaker has been associated with the Department of Junior Mem- bership for the past eighteen months. Last January he became director of the department, and since that time § | | JAMES N. RULE he has initiated and successfully put into operation the comprehensive and far-reaching program upon which the Junior Red Cross is now embarked. During his two months abroad the past summer, he personally selected the enterprises in France, Belgium, Italy, and Serbia, which are to form the European side of this program. Mr. Studebaker's plans for the Juniors have been remarkable in their forward Outlook, and the period of his adminis- tration leaves a lasting impression upon the Junior Red Cross. Mr. Rule, principal of the Schenley High School, in Pittsburgh, has been associate director since the earliest days of the Junior Red Cross, and has always had charge of the manual training work done by the boys. He has spent the past summer in Wash- ington, acting as director during Mr. Studebaker's absence in Europe, and he is therefore familiar with all the administrative duties of the office, needing no introduction to Red Cross Workers either at National or at Divi. sion headquarters, 8 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN Red Cross Support Year-Round Duty Under the caption “Texas After the - Great Gulf Storm,” the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of September 17 printed the following editorial: - “The great storm that has swept gulf coasts furnishes a reason which all will appreciate for the permanent maintenance of the Red Cross at its present high state of organization and efficiency. . . “Early estimates of the loss are likely, as is usual, to be exaggerated, but this storm of an intensity having few parallels has a place among the great disasters of recent years, due to natural causes. Galveston was fortified this time against its fury, but it brought great distress to gulf com- munities farther south. The needs of the victims have an especial appeal for St. Louis. “To relieve the first discomfort caused by the property damage and provide for those left dependent by injury and death, money is needed, but we are not compelled to rely on a haphazard, improvised organization to collect the money and distribute inefficiently and wastefully the means of relief. The Red Cross, one of whose objects is to minimize suffering after such a disaster due to the ele- ments, has a machinery in readiness that may be put into instant operation, On the first receipt of the dismaying news from Texas, two workers of the American Red Cross Southwestern Division left St. Louis for that State to determine the extent of the need and take prompt measures of relief. Thanks to the popular generosity of the past, there are funds that may be drawn on for emergency use without waiting for public subscriptions. “The Texans who have been hard hit have a particular claim on us. Sympathetic St. Louis, may be de- pended on to do its share toward meet- ing the total relief bill, whatever its total. The duty of liberal, all-the- year-round support for the Red Cross is made plain.” Women’s Heroism in Balkans Heroic tales of what American women did in the Near East to lighten the misery of war will compare very favorably with the stories of manly heroism that have come out of the great conflict. - - - Sent down into the war-oppressed and typhus-ridden districts of Mace- donia, Roumania and Serbia by the American Red Cross, both before and after the close of the war, they lived frequently for months in remote vil- lages, without protection, or comforts —sometimes without sufficient food. Random notes, picked out of the reports of the Red Cross Commission, read like this: - - “At Xanthia, our American nurses removed groups of dead from each train of refugees that came out of Bulgaria. At night, with pick and shovel, they even dug graves along the railroad tracks, by lantern light.” “During the war, on the Mace- donian front, Dr. Regina Flood Keyes, of Buffalo, performed operations on the battlefield. Shells on many occa- sions burst outside her operating tent, killing her helpers, riddling her shel- ter. Since the fighting ceased, her work has been no less heroic. She has done great things for the refugees, fighting epidemics and teaching the science of good living.” “At Drama, a frail little nurse, Maria P. Kuroyen, of Boston, attended the typhus victims. Recently, Miss Kuroyen amputated the leg of a Serb with a safety razor blade and a spool of cotton thread.” “American nurses traveled in box cars with the refugees coming out of Bulgaria. One of their chief mis- sions there was to bring Macedonian children into the world—the children of suffering young mothers who had no relatives or friends to assist them.” --- Winter’s Program in Balkans Details of the American Red Cross relief program in the Balkans for the coming winter have reached National Headquarters, giving a definite pic- ture of the diminishing but in many respects still pressing needs of those countries. The program was agreed . upon at a series of conferences at Belgrade, Bucharest and Saloniki be- tween Col. Robert E. Olds, Red Cross commissioner for Europe; Col. Fred- erick Keppel, director of Red Cross foreign operations; Col. Henry M. Anderson, commissioner for the Bal- kans, and Col. Edgar E. Hume, com- missioner for Serbia, following their tour of inspection of Serbia, Rou- maina, Montenegro, Albania, Bosnia and Greece. The greatest need in the Balkans, the tour convinced the officials, is for doctors and nurses. Typhus and the war have sadly thinned the ranks of doctors and nurses in all the Balkan countries, and American medical as- sistance is imperative to tide them over until new medical personnel can be trained. Part of the training of nursing personnel will be undertaken by the American Red Cross. The gov- ernments themselves are taking up the question of training native physi- cians and surgeons, Peace-Time Activities in Italy The headquarters of the American Red Cross in Italy has been moved from Rome to Florence. The new offices occupy the top floor of one of the hotels on the Lung Arno. This is the first change of headquarters to be made since the American Red Cross work was organized in Italy. With the change in the size of the Italian commission and in the nature of its work, Florence has been found a more convenient center. The work of the American Red Cross in Italy is now three-fold. The most important work is that of the Home Service Department, which operates in relation with the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, in Washing- ton. The Bureau turns over to this department all cases of allotments made by soldiers in the American army to their families in Italy that need investigation. The Home Service Department maintains workers in the field, who make personal tours of investigation among families of American soldiers, at the same time making a sufvey of the village for complaints regarding non-receipt of checks. These work- ers speak fluent Italian, wear the uni- form of the American Red Cross, and have found no remote hill town of the Abruzzi, or Balilicata or Calabria too inaccessible for them. Four training schools for home nursing have been established in Italy by the American Red Cross and are still maintained in part and supervised by them. A new course of training is shortly to be opened in Florence. This work of teaching Italian women to be nurses has received the heartiest cooperation from the cities and from the Italian Government. . New Decoration for League Director Lieutenant General Sir David Hen- derson, director general of the League. Of Red Cross Societies, has been pro- moted by the French government to the grade of Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor. Sir David was made a Commander of the Legion of Honor in 1915, when he was director of military aeronautics of the British Army. Emmet White, of Baltimore, has been appointed acting manager of the Fourteenth Division. Robbins B. Anderson, who was appointed man- ager of the Fourteenth Division some months ago, succeeding Otis Cutler, has returned to his home in Honolulu. H. V. 5 m 57 A4. Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 13, 1919 The Red Cross Bulletin No. 42 ON NURSING DUTY IN SIBERIM One Hundred and Fifty American Women. Now in Service There, Fighting Typhus and Cholera Under the Red Cross Commission for Siberia, over one hundred and fifty American nursing personnel are now stationed at Red Cross start the bodies were thrown into any tall grass that could be found until the order came forbidding this. Now the Red Cross and other societies have put aside a sum of money to give coffins to all who ask for them. “No one who has not been here can imagine the number of flies there are. A black cloud would rise in places at hospitals at Vladivostok, CAMP SERVICE WORK AHEAD Programs for the Hospitals and Other Places to Meet Requirements of Demobilization Here is the program of camp serv- ice activities under the direction of the Red Cross Department of Mili- tary Relief, as outlined to meet the situation of rapid Russian Island, Omsk, Tu- men, Novo-Nikolaevsk, and the Engineers Hospital, es- tablished to help care for the men now busy on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Miss Anna Tittman, chief nurse, Eastern Division, Red Cross Commission for Siberia, reports that there are forty-three American nurses' aids, and sixty Rus- sian nurses' aids and 109 American Red Cross nurses in active service at the various Red Cross hos- pitals. Bolshevik uprisings have made communication with the Western Division of the Siberian Commission difficult, and in many in- stances the Red Cross per- sonnel have been held up in Japan to await political de- velopments. During such a delay Miss Vashti Bartlett, with five American nurses, was detailed from her unit at Vladivostok to help care for the cholera epidemic in China. “When we arrived at Harbin on the morning of August 26,” writes Miss Bartlett, “we found that the city is divided in three parts—one occupied by the Russians, one by the Chinese and one by the Jews. Our first work led us into the Chinese sections, and hardly had we entered until we saw three coffins in the street waiting to be carried off. Our interpreter told us that at the demobilization of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps. At general army and base hospitals it is planned to continue the recreation and entertainment program as it now is being con- ducted. Distribution of minor supplementary sup- plies intended for the com- fort and welfare of the patients will be kept up, and adequate provision will - be made for conducting needed Home Service work among patients and corps men. Where hospitals are not of sufficient size to war- rant the continuance of spe- cial hospital supervisory workers, such supervision is to be undertaken by the associate field director in charge of Home Service. At post hospitals a lim- ited entertainment and recreation program is to be conducted for the patients. It is expected that at most of these hospitals the run- ning of moving picture shows once or twice a week will be all that is needed. There will be distribution your approach. The cause of death from cholera is due largely to the fact that so much of the fluids of the body are given off that the blood cannot flow, and the death rate has been lessened almost 50 per cent by trans- fusions,” of welfare and comfort supplies as in the case of the general and base hospitals. Where a general or base hospital reverts to the status of a post hospital, the change to a minor program will be gradual and in keeping with the decrease in the number of patients during the period (Continued on page 2) 2 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN EMERGENCY MOBILE units Supplies for Instant Use to be Kept at Central Points as Part of Pro- gram for Preparedness As a part of the national program of disaster preparedness, several divi- sion offices of the American Red Cross are establishing mobile disas- § A. R. C. EMERGENCY SUPPLY ROOM, LOUISVIA, LE, KY. nation would be needed. These units will usually be designed to shelter and feed not more than one hundred refugees, and will serve for the imme- diate emergency until the larger ma- chinery may be put in motion. To meet this larger responsibility the Red Cross Chapters and divisions will shortly be called upon to make community surveys of local resources in supplies and personnel which may in any way be useful in a case of sudden need. The emer– gency units which already have been equipped con- tain approxi- 25 oil stoves, 25 lanterns, 100 cots with she et s and Dillows; med- ical and hos- pital supplies for 100 pa- tients; one field kitchen: 25 pairs hip ranged that on several re- cent O C C a - sions they were loaded on trains and dispatched to threatened communities within thirty minutes after the report of the disaster. In demobilizing their warehouses, the Supply Department of the Amer- ican Red Cross is reserving equipment that would be valuable for use in dis- aster relief. No effort will be made to provide sufficient stores to care for all the needs in a catastrophe, since in such a case the entire resources of a community, and often the state and car erye zt c ºf Žezºeſ ſº. 222 res. boots, 25 raincoats, 250 blankets, 250 pajamas, 250 hospital robes, 100 suits underwear, 100 towels, 100 sweaters, 50 Red Cross brassards, 500 disaster record forms. The accompanying photograph and diagram illustrate how carefully these provisions are made. The use of the material and the experience in past disasters is being carefully considered by the Department of Civilian Relief with a view to extending the system of mobile units as far as seems practical. A Denial from Germany Some time ago reports were cabled from Europe and widely printed in American papers to the effect that Germans in this country would be per- mitted to send foodstuffs to their relatives in Germany through the American Red Cross. In consequence there were numerous inquiries and re- quests for action in connection with the supposed arrangement. Subse- quent statements that the published reports were without authority did not wholly stop the inquiries and re- quests. An official statement in the matter from the German government, made to the American Red Cross rep- resentative in Berlin, has just been received by cable at National Red ... y the Cross Headquarters, as follows: ". º º “The Reichszentalstelle fur Kreigs t 1 e S : und Zivilgefabgars, which would be re- ents, pyra- sponsible for the publication in the midal style; newspapers of the account as men- tioned, states that the report according to which Germans in the United States may send foodstuffs to their relatives in Germany through the medium of the American Red Cross, Berlin, is not true.” Camp Service Work Ahead (Continued from page 1) of transition. The necessary Home Service work among patients and ter relief units | corps men will be conducted. º ... ºf Fiji= ſº wi nel a vºy A. Cross activities at Regular - * Lºs Zwive rmy posts, camps, cantonments, ter r it or y. W . |º Hºa–J (Eziº forts, etc., are to : confined almost Such u n its § *Aey ; entirely to Home Service work. It is are made up $$. º believed that at the present time this of standard *_ - branch of the service is about all that . i. aş 3} *:::::s (9 ©º: . i." needed for well and able- curely packed, *- - - - - - z Odied men. labeled a n d # &ºts a C ^2 &nzèg § The program as outlined for the arranged for * < zes 7& reſts ..º.2 '8 above groups, is to be generally fol- quick ship - as - - - - - - Janazars’ A30kes lowed in conducting Red Cross work ment by truck § 2 of aller Coats at Naval hospitals and stations, on Or train. $ 2 | & | @ ce ºn 3 board ships, etc. Additional plans re- In the Lake o ºn 4- 3 hºt. - - - --- ºl garding work with the Navy will be Division there : announced in the near future. are four such §§ -ºr- It will be noted from the foregoing units, which : #. #...: cº-stºl. .” : that Home Service work is to be con- are SO Care- 5.3 #":"º ſº...";ºsses || 2. ducted at all stations, among patients, fully a r - Erzya corps men and able-bodied men alike. It is the purpose to keep this work at all places at the same high standard that hitherto has prevailed. Instruc- tions have been issued to divisions that if at present Home Service is not being furnished to all men, arrangements are to be made to extend it as needed. The Esthonian Republic, at the re- quest of Lieutenant Colonel Ryan, of the American Red Cross, has just created a national public health bureau. The American Red Cross at Athens has taken under its wing a group of Belgian prisoners who have just been liberated and are on their way home. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 3 A Z/ne of Comma/7/zz//ø/25 Ca/7/ee/7 /4%g 5/g/ca/ //ress/ºgs for %e 77-e/c/es Ca/ee/7 for ſefugees aſ a ING S DEPICTING AMERICAN RED CROSS FRANCE ANOTHER PAGE OF THE CAMERON BURNSIDE PAIN 4 THE RE D C Ross B ULLET IN —NJ- THE RED CROSS BUILEIN THE Aºoss RED CROSS BUILDING, was HINGTON, D. c. National Officers of the American Red Cross Woodrow WILSON. . . . . . . . . ........... Presidymi WILLIAM. H. TAF'r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-President RoBERT W. DE Forest............. Vice-President John SKELTon WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING... . . . . . . . . . ... • e o e s e e s e e Counselor Stockton Axson . . . . . . . . . . • e e º e º e s ºn e º e Secretary LIVINGSTON FARRAND.. Chairman Central Committee WILLOUGHBY WALLING... . . . . . . . . . Vice-Chairman FREDERICK C. MUNRoſſ.......... General Manager WASHINGTON, D. C., October 11, 1919 Intensive Publicity A campaign to raise $1,500,000 for a national welfare organization recently was undertaken in one of the large cities of the country. It collapsed after the subscriptions reached a to- tal of $350,000. The object was a worthy one, and a post-mortem ex- amination showed that the ailment was heart failure, due to lack of proper advertising “pep.” There is a lesson in this: If you have something worthy the public's attention, let the public know it. And it will not suffice merely to establish acquaintanceship with the fact; the idea must be hammered on all the time—the eye as well as the ear must be constantly appealed to, until the senses of the population are literally a-tingle over the object aimed at. Even where it is a case of appeal to the hearts of the people, and the hearts are known to be willing, there will be feeble response unless there be ever- lasting application of the principles of psychology which are now universally recognized as reaching their perfection of practical service in the realm of advertising. Intensive publicity will insure the success of the third American Red Cross Roll Call and drive for funds to complete war obligations. The cam- paign will not carry through auto- matically. progress, it was a factor in the psy- chology of the situation which brought response to the appeals to the Amer- ican people. Now there is no war. There is a great cause, however, and appeal When the war was in plenty in it to beget publicity ammuni- tion. The thing is to bring it out. Even in time of war, remember the in- tensive character of the publicity in connection with the several Liberty Bond campaigns. They were the most remarkable campaigns of record, but filled as the people of the country were, with patriotism, the results would not have been the same with- out the notable advertising adjuncts. The greater necessity for intensifying the publicity of an important national campaign under present circumstances is obvious. - The awakening and registering of the national impulse in the present | instance depends on the work which the Chapters do in the cities and com- munities of their jurisdiction. Upon them rests the burden of responsibility, following the plans promulgated through National and division head- quarters, and putting enthusiasm and punch into the detail work. An out- line of the general plans with which it is desired the Chapters shall be- come thoroughly acquainted is given on this page of THE BULLETIN. Roll Call Publicity Plans A circular letter sent out from Na- tional Red Cross Headquarters to Roll Call managers of the several divisions, urging increased efforts to promote publicity for the third Roll Call, pre- sents the following five plans as being most important and necessary: 1. Intensive preliminary publicity campaign to secure workers, using the preliminary poster and the personal through General Manager Munroe's letter to a selected list of Red Cross workers to be one of the million volunteer workers. 2. Personal visitation to each Chap- ter by representatives from division headquarters, including an inspira- tional speaker and some person fa- miliar with the “mechanics” of the Roll Call. Invite nearby Chapters, auxiliaries and branches to Chapter conferences. 3. Speakers’ bureaus to arrange for the observance of club days in wo- men's clubs, business and commercial clubs, fraternal organizations and every other possible organization, to supply speakers, pictures and interest- ing programs. - - 4. Arrange for every Chapter to appoint a window display chairman to arrange for window displays as out- that country. lined in the window display leaflet. This is the most important publicity part of our program. - 5. Exert every possible effort to Secure clergymen and ministers to ob- Serve Red Cross Sunday. Be certain that the ministers of every denomi- nation, including Young People's So- cieties and religious organizations, re- ceive a copy of the Red Cross Sunday Program Leaflet. - Belgian Queen Decorates N urse Queen Elizabeth of Belgium, who is now visiting the United States with King Albert, decorated Sophia B. Kiel, chief nurse of the George Washington, on which the royal couple made the trip across the Atlantic, a day or two before reaching the port of New York. The queen gave a dinner on board the George Washington in honor of Miss Kiel, and the decoration for serv- ice performed during the war, that of the medal of Queen Elizabeth, was bestowed on that occasion. - The queen expressed to Miss Kiel her gratitude for the devotion of the women of America to the Belgians. She alluded to the many organizations founded by the women of the United States in their generous ardor, which in every possible form had brought relief to Belgium. She also expressed her great pleasure in the knowledge that she soon would be able person- ally to thank a large number of those WOmen. Dr. Emerson Appointed Commissioner - Dr. Kendall Emerson, who served as deputy Red Cross commissioner for Siberia with the original Siberian Commission, has been given the Red Cross title of commissioner, with the assimilated rank of lieutenant colonel, and detailed as acting commissioner for Roumania, pending the appoint- ment of a permanent commissioner for The Junior Red Cross News, which made its first appearance with the September number, is under the direc- tion of Miss Laura Frazee. Miss Frazee, who was formerly assistant Superintendent of schools in Indian- apolis, is now associate director of the Department of Junior Member- | ship. The American Red Cross is estab- lishing an agricultural and industrial School and a hospital for Roumanian war orphans. Southern Serbia has just gathered her first harvest since 1916, thanks partly to the 10,000 sacks of seed furnished by the American Red Cross. T EI E R E D C R O S S : B U L L E T IN From the Red Cross Watch Tower Difficulties Innumerable Confront the Workers Who Are Carrying On the American Relief HATEVER it may have been in the period of “the great adventure,” which was a some- time alias of the world war, Red Cross work abroad today is not ro- mantic. The men and women who are ministering to the needs of suf- fering peoples—personifying the spirit of America and making the heart-beats of the American nation felt in the highways and byways of stricken re- gions—are veterans who have done their bit and amply satisfied the nat- ural human desire for experience. The novelty has worn off. Excite- ment no longer keys to high pitch and Offsets the privations and risks and fatigue of the days when our fighting men were “over there” in force, and Service was a composite, gregarious sort of thing. Service is mainly a lonesome task today. The thrills, due to movements of armies and the ever-changing con- volutions of the kaleidoscope of war, have ceased to vibrate. It’s become a plodding, mechanical performance of a duty that simply must be performed; and the workers who have reenlisted to carry on are actuated solely by self- Sacrificing devotion to the cause of humanity, the saying which is in no manner a disparagement of the serv- ice performed by the larger army of workers who gave their best in the time of national crisis. Braving homesickness and in defiance of the calls of personal interest, confronted by dangers more subtle in many ways than those of the animated war period, by reason of remoteness from bases and the chaotic conditions per- taining to new and struggling govern- ments—beset by difficulties of opera- tion and administration, large and petty—these veterans have dedicated their personal energies to the Amer- ican determination to see the thing through. >k sk >k . OME of the greatest difficulties S encountered in connection with the administrative and operat- ing work of the American Red Cross in Europe at present involve problems of transportation. Dr. Frederick P. Keppel, director of Red Cross foreign operations, who recently completed a tour of the countries where the post- war work is being carried on, made a study of the problems of all kinds, as well as of the needs with respect to relief in different parts of the conti- nent. He was greatly impressed by the spirit with which all workers, from commission heads to individuals of the smallest units, are meeting the handicaps. - The foremost administrative prob- lem, Dr. Keppel states, is the avoid- ance of entanglement in the meshes of governmental red tape and making sure of doing the right thing in the right way. Although the war is tech- nically over, the countries in which the American Red Cross is working are practically all on a military basis, and everything that is done has to be prefaced by consultation with and per- mission from both the civil and mili- tary authorities. Then, there are mil- itary missions from the great powers scattered all over, and these have to be considered in connection with the work among the people of the smaller nations. - Great care has to be exercised so that no action shall involve taking sides in any local controversy or po- litical questions. There are countless discussions almost daily as to whether Some particular step would be the business of our diplomatic or consular agents or of some volunteer agency like the Red Cross. Another, and not a minor difficulty, arises from the fact that all the countries have representa- tives at Paris in connection with the peace conference, and these represen- tatives are constantly approaching the Paris Red Cross Headquarters with appeals and suggestions which may or may not coincide with what the peo- ple on the spot are asking of the Red Cross workers on the spot. >k >{< >{< - UT the neck of the bottle to what the Red Cross wants to Tº do, says Dr. Keppel, is in most cases transportation. The difficulty there can be realized when one thinks of the proportion of the world’s ship- ping that has been destroyed by the war, and of the condition of the roll- ing stock in all Europe. Everywhere are to be seen locomotives and freight cars that ought to be in the scrap heap. Such equipment as there is is under terrific pressure because commercial interests are having their first chance in years to move goods. cases a government offers to trans- port relief goods from bases in France, In many but whenever that happens there are prolonged delays due to governmental red tape or disorganization. Tasks in Europe, but They Falter Not in Determination to Complete the Job All these factors make for delay to such an extent that in the case of a crying need, such as drugs to meet an epidemic, it is necessary to send a man to the Spot to carry them as personal baggage. All shipments have to be convoyed, because any Red Cross sup- plies are much coveted articles and would be commandeered by govern- ments or stolen by individuals if not SO guarded. Difficulties of moving goods from the rail head are almost as great as the preceding. Camions and other motor equipment in the European serv- ice have reached a stage where they are likely to have breakdowns, and unless someone has the forethought to order spare parts two or three months in advance these breakdowns mean putting the cars out of commission for Several weeks. Also, all through the regions where the armies passed, bridges have been almost without ex- ception destroyed, and while replaced by wooden structures in some in- stances, there are many cases where long detours are necessary to cross streams; and except where military roads have been built the local roads usually are unfit for heavy motor traf- fic, and in wet weather practically im- passable. - N_MANY countries where the Red Cross now is operating the road T animals are quite unused to seeing automobiles, and the car has to be stopped every little way whileº peasant descends from his wagon and puts his hands over the horse's eyes. Thus a journey is completed by jerks and spasms. - Mails and the telegraph are very uncertain. The normal time of getting a telegram from Saloniki to Belgrade is six days. Frontiers are constantly being opened and closed without no- tice, so that telegrams are sometimes not possible at all, the only way to dispatch a message being to send it by courier by a roundabout route. Workers in isolated localities are sometimes cut off for weeks from communication with the outside world. To provide relief for the relief corps, so to speak, the Red Cross commis- sioner for Europe now is planning a definite courier service which will bring mail, magazines and miscella- neous comforts to these faithful work- ers at regular intervals. (Continued on page 7) - T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MYRIAD-SIDED HOME SERVICE FOR SOLDIERS There is no Limit to Tasks which Thirty Thousand Red Cross Workers Are Undertaking for Returned Men and Their Families Figures will not tell the story of Red Cross Home Service for soldiers and their families since the armistice. And it is difficult to picture the cour- age and persistence of the 30,000 workers in city, town and hamlet, who stood, and are still standing, to their guns in the greatest struggle of their lives, when all about them are drop- ping their war tasks to retrieve their own fortunes. The simple statement that during July, only 60 per cent of the Chap- ters reporting, 285,523 families of service men were given Home Service attention, an increase of 75 per cent over the last month of the war, car- ries with it very little of the devoted, painstaking spirit which pleads and fights to find a way out of a troublous family situation. In the same month, a half million dollars were expended in financial as- sistance, bringing the total up to nearly five million since the armistice as against three million before the war ended. The work shows no signs of dimin- ishing. With inspiring determination, the secretaries from Tampa to Seat- tle are carrying on to see that not a family shall suffer; that every allot- ment shall finally be collected, every compensation claim settled, every in- º gº § FAMILY OF ORPHANS AT BERL GRADE, surance or liberty bond definitely straightened out. The cheerful cam- paign against sickness, financial and business and legal difficulties, loneli- ness and mental depression, exploita- tion by the vicious and unscrupulous, is being fought out with every modern. means community and national co- operation can afford. Wherever the returned soldier may find difficulty, be it in the Public Health Service hospitals, the schools and colleges for vocational training, the district offices of the Vocational Board, the Public Health Service, or the United States Employment Serv- ice, he finds a sympathetic Red Cross worker ready to pilot him through government intricacies, and ready to help him get the very best attention that circumstances, bureau regulations, and Congressional acts will permit. Home Service has been so different from other wartime service, reaching, as it does, into those delicate and con- fidential relationships in everyday life. Its battle is not among bursting shrap- nel and screaming shell, but rather where lonely parents, distressed wives and children, and confused returned service men are waiting for the advice and care of the “Greatest Mother in the World.” The Home Service worker wears no uniform, takes no JUST" SUPPLIED WITH SHOES AND UNDER CLOTHING BY THE RED CROSS part in parades and pictures, but with ever-smiling face, and a devotion to duty, perhaps unknown in any other field, moves quietly through the lives and sorrows and difficulties of her people, straightening tangles, discov- ering unheard-of resources and mak- ing life worth living in the hardest places. She spends her time figuring out how to accomplish for the family what might have happened had the soldier not gone to war. There are children whose teeth and eyes must have at- tention, payments to be made on prop- erty, household instructions to be given mothers, gardens to be planted, neighbors to be called in during times of family crisis, tubercular suspects to be examined and persuaded to re- ceive treatment. The Home Service worker’s best pay is in the happiness and joy which she helps to create. But usually the family pays her not only in gratitude, but with increased opportunities for service. A little Italian lad in Cleve- land, Tony Zuffia writes to his Home Service friends: - - “We like to know how you are get- ting along; we are getting along fine. I like to see you, but I think that I’ll never see you, and I wish you would sent me your picture because I like to see how you look now. “I let you know that we have a new baby and it is a girl. “I let you know that Mr. Alfano is in jail in Kansas City, about that woman they killed, Mary Caldarone. And they say that he was along with them. But on that very night Mr. Alfano was with us until 9.30 at night. And we can say that he is innocent. So please see if you can help him and they want to know what kind of a man Mr. Alfano is. So you are the only woman that can help him be- cause it is a long time that you know him and know what kind of a man he is. So please let us know about what you think you can do quickly. “Yours truly, “Tony Zuffia.” Can one think of a more distressing picture than that of a foreign woman who cannot speak English, whose son had gone to the war and who is des- perately afflicted with heart trouble, and has lost all lease on life? But such circumstances do not phase the doughty Home Service worker. Down in a little Southern town the Home Service worker, who happened to be a kind-hearted lawyer, discovered a mother who had been depending largely upon her cow for nourishment, when a notice came from the War Risk Bureau requiring the return of an over-paid allotment. She ap- THE RE D C R O S S BULLET IN 7 proached a lawyer who took her cow as security for a ten-dollar loan. The Red Cross worker visited Mrs. Hen- derson, who lived about fourteen miles in the country, and then went in search of the cow. “I looked for the man all day,” she relates, “and finally located him just before he started for home. To my surprise, he insisted that he had bought the cow for ten dollars and re- fused to surrender it. I then told him in plain words my opinion of this kind of a slacker, and he finally offered to return the cow for twelve dollars. I gave him my check, taking from him a receipt for the payment of a ten-dollar loan for two weeks, telling him after he had signed it that the two dollars usury on that money would burn his fingers. After I had left him some of the few people who had heard the conversation evidently took him up to task very severely, as he hurried up to my office and asked me to accept the two dollars, which I declined to do until I made a ‘believer’ out of him.” Thus, sometimes fighting, sometimes pleading, working long hours in strange and remote places, the army of 30,000 Home Service workers con- tinues its fight against the enemies of our soldiers and sailors. Some ten months after the armistice the work shows no signs of decreasing. And there is no cessation in the enthusiasm and energy of the activities of the toilers who, like the martyred Roman Legion, continue to wrestle on with faith and determination. From the Red Cross Watch Tower (Continued from page 5) It is just a case of wait, wait, wait! much of the time. In connection with the long distance waiting champion- ship it is related that Colonel Ander- son, commissioner for the Balkans, waited two and one-half months for motor cars with which to make a tour of inspection of his territory; and the cars were finally driven all the way from Paris to Bucharest, more than 4.000 miles. Dr. Keppel made the trip in one of them. >k >k >k ORKERS must ever be watch- ful not to antagonize racial and religious prejudices in carrying out relief. Especially is tact called for in this particular in places of very mixed population, transient and other- wise. At one small station in Albania where a Paris headquarters party on a Red Cross inspection tour stopped, there were counted native Albanians, Serbs, Roumanians, Greeks, Moslem Turks and others unclassified. Then there is the everlasting money N º TYPES OF WAR SUFFERERS IN THE BALRANS question—the medium of exchange, that is, to contend with. The medium is different in each locality and con- stantly fluctuates. A paragraph from the report of the Department of Finance of the Siberian Commission for a recent week will illustrate this matter: “You can hardly imagine the finan- cial complications of business in Har- bin at present. The three kinds of roubles fluctuate as regards each other and all of them as regards the dollar or yen each day. I have vis- ited the money changers and seen their methods. Condition of the money seems to have everything to do with its value. A note that is stained, torn, creased, even a very little bit, has lost a good part of its value. A day or two ago one could get a better rate for a perfect Kerensky note than for anything else, even an equal amount of dollars or Romanoff roubles. In general, I should say that the three kinds of roubles are as four, two and one in relation to dollars; that is, if you get eighty Siberian for a dollar on the same day you will get forty Kerensky and twenty Romanoff.” In France each locality has its par- ticular “shinplaster.” It is vexing in general; but it is of record that one Red Cross party on duty through the provinces—having a New York banker in it utilized the banker's discern- ment on varying exchange rates in the places visited, and on its return to Paris turned in to headquarters $2,000 more than it left there with, after paying all expenses of the trip. O CATALOGUE the risks, dis- T comforts, and varied difficulties to which the individual work- ers are subjected would take more space than is available here. Every- thing is endured as part of the day's work. There is always the element of per- sonal danger in traveling the roads in countries where stability still is to be effected in government. Comitadji guard the highways in some of the Balkan areas, and they pass wearers of the Red Cross uniform. The re- spect everywhere shown this uniform by regular authorities serves as balm to the general “far-away” feeling which the aspect as a whole engenders, In the remote spots to which the members of Red Cross units make their way, they frequently run short of needed food and other commodi- ties, or else suffer a surplus of one article. When a group of workers in one of these out-of-the-way places was visited by officials on inspection tour they declared that if they saw any more peach jam they would take some terrible revenge. They had been living on it for three months. Nearly everywhere workers have to chlorinate all drinking water; and they have to put up with fleas, sand-flies, mosquitoes by the million—and worse. But they are there to stick until the job is finished, feeling that the people back home are with them all the time in spirit, ready and anxious to furnish all that is necessary to com- plete the work which their own per- sonal sacrifices are making possible. T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN MAKE OUR RED CROSS IN PEACE AS IN WAR “THE GREATEST MOTHER IN THE WORLD’” ...” “zz A 3 GIVE YOUR DOLLAR AND SERVE WITH ALL YOUR MIGHT, NOW IF EVER. LET US BUILD FOR THE FUTURE OF AMERICA T H I N K I The greatest organization for human service in the world summons you to volunteer. The peace-time needs re- vealed by the war are even greater than those of war time. In America The health of the Nation requires the united energies of every known organiza- tion and the co-operation of the Red Cross. Food preparation, home hygiene and care of the sick, must be provided. Home Service must go on, greater than ever, if the Nation’s home life is to progress. The helping hand of The Greatest Mother must be ready to minister in times of epi- demic or disaster. The Red Cross is pledged to permanent duty with our Army and Navy. Our fighting men must be helped to re- establish themselves in civilian life. Child Welfare work cannot stop. The accident death rate must be reduced by persistent teaching of First Aid. In Europe Starving thousands must be saved for usefulness to help their countries recover from the war. Surplus stores of the American Army must be distributed by the Red Cross. The Junior Red Cross must continue to be the Greatest Little Mother to Europe's war orphans. THIRD RED CROSS ROLL CALL JOIN NOVEMBER 2-11 HELP , r*. " * * * *. - º," * &. **, F- just been issued • * , *% - - - % , e son who joins the . . The report, cover. Red Cross during - - - ing the period the roll call, Nº || - - - - from July 1, 1917. ºr 2 tº WORKERS TO THE COLORS ºnly is will be given a but- - - () | 1919, represents a tC11 and a window | * - | - - painstaking effort service flag. These * m a d e in the indicate that that | months since the person has cast a - * major war - time vote of confidence © Q work was closed in in the American The Third Roll Call 1S rounding up it. - º à - * % *: - W. Red Cross. only two weeks distant. | and figures which r I- : o o • © % The º flag - “Join” is the Slogan. What tº not be cata- 1S Seven and One- * - '...t - ſº O g 11 e d preci a have YOU done? Have ..."," pºisely half by eleven anc © e º While the activities one-half in che S, you joined the Volunteers were in progress, and consists of a who are to muster in the because of the ever- large red cross on tº © - changi º • “s-, -, ... . great Peace-Time Army? ging situation, a white b a c • { and the constant ground, with the D 9 m . Sl k meeting of unex- figures “1920” in º - OI) t aC Pected emergen- blue beneath the -- • e - r à - C1es in the theater cross. Three blue - In your Duty to make the of war. ---> . ound the ºl - © g stripes around º Red Cross, in Peace as in Red Cross reve- the three annual membership R O 11 member of the household joins and should be kept - º addition service stars will be pro- vided, to be placed in position on the () GT 2. 3 1949 Red Cross Bulletin Vol. II WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 20, 1919 No. 43 BuTIONS AND SERVICE FLAGs Their Display Early in the Campaign Will Save Annoyance in the Roll Call Last Days The only “election” in which a receipt is given for every vote. That is the way the third Red Cross Roll Call has been de- - scribed. Every per- º outer edge of the service flag indicate | Calls. The flag should be displayed when the first | * on display through- out the ºar. As - other m ... bers of the household join, flag. - - Homes that do not display service flags will be solicited again during the last two days of the Roll Call. “Wear Your Button” is the urgent a red cross beneath which are the * button, which represents so much to throughout the Roll Call, for it will admonition in a statement issued from National Red Cross Headquarters. “The Badge of Americanism” this year consists of a neat little celluloid button of white, bearing in its center figures “1920” in blue. “It should be a distinct source of pride to every American to wear this War, “The Greatest Mother in the World.” ze/yello/eºs/eMore/e/es suffering humanity the world over,” the statement adds. “Keep it in view save you from embarrassment during the last two days, when every citizen not wearing a Red Cross button will be solicited to join.” WAR COUNCIL TO THE PEOPLE Complete Story of American Red Cross War-Time Activities Told in New Official Report A report to the American people by the War Council of the American Red Cross, through Henry P. David. - SOn, chairman, has % nues for the twen- ty months ending February 28, 1919, totaled $400,000,- 000 in round fig- ures. Of th i s amount $263,000,- 000 was received at National Head- quarters and $137,- 000,000 was re- ceived and held by Chapters for pro- duction and expenses. Expenditures for the same period totaled $273,000,000. Expenditures in France totaled $82,000,000, of which $57,000,000 was appropriated from National Headquarters, the re- maining $25,00,000 representing the 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B UL LET IN cost of Chapter produced articles dis- tributed. For work elsewhere over- seas the expenditures were $72,000,- 000, and of this amount $64,000,000 was appropriated by Headquarters and $8,000,000 represents the cost of Chapter goods distributed. For work in the United States $119,000,000 was expended. This amount comprises $48,000,000 by Na- tional Headquarters, $43,000,000 by Chapters and $28,000,000 in cost of Chapter produced articles distributed. On February 28, 1919, there was a balance of $41,000,000 in cash and $53,000,000 in supplies at National Headquarters, and $33,000,000 in Chapter hands. The report points out that in connection with this bal- ance of $127,000,000 several things should be borne in mind, because this figure gives no in- cific mention is found impossible in the report. The entire amount of war-drive proceeds retained by Na- tional Headquarters was placed in the war fund, which could be used only for war-relief projects. To this fund also was credited interest earnings to the amount of $2,766,403.54. As a result of this practice, more than $1.01 was available for war relief, for every dollar received for that purpose. - On May 1, 1917, just before the appointment of the War Council, there were 562 Chapters with an adult membership of 486,194. On February 28, 1919, there were 3,724 Chapters with 17,186 branches, em- bracing a membership in round fig- tires of 20,000,000 adults and 11,000,- 000 juniors. Practically every square workers made 22,637,625 special re- lief articles required by the Surgeon general of the United States Army, for which the Government furnished the raw materials. Relief articles produced by the Junior Red Cross amounted to 15,722,078, with a value of $10,152,461.96. - The transactions of the Department of Supplies, which was responsible for all centralized purchasing, during the twenty months—the figures includ- ing finished articles received from Chapters as well as goods bought and sent to Chapters and shipped abroad and to camps in this country—aggre- gated $161,400,000. The percentage ratio of operating expense to trans- actions in the conduct of this de- partment, with branches in all the di- visions, was three and four-tenths per Cent. Purchased goods dication of the greatly red u c e d a mount which would probably be a va i 1 a ble eight months later. This is true because the cash in the hands of Chapters Sup- plied local needs during the spring and summer; and the supplies in the hands of divisions and overseas com- m is si on S repre- sented work under- taken before Feb- ruary 28. On that date they were be- ing utilized as rap- idly as possible in completing these old obligations. The $41,000,000 un a p p r opriated WAR STORY OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS | * TOLD IN ROUND FIGURES Contributions received (material and money) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $400,000,000 Red Cross members: Adults, 20,000,000; children, 11,000,000 Red Cross workers Relief articles produced by volunteer workers Families of soldiers aided by home service in U. S Refreshments served by canteen workers in U. S Nurses enrolled for service with Army, Navy or Red Cross --- Kinds of comfort articles distributed to soldiers and sailors in U. S... 2,700 were added, the Knitted articles given to soldiers and sailors in U. S Tons of relief supplies shipped overseas Foreign countries in which Red Cross operated Patient days for soldiers and sailors in Red Cross hospitals in France. French hospitals given material aid Splints supplied for American soldiers Gallons of nitrous oxide and oxygen furnished French hospitals in France Soldiers served by Red Cross canteens in France Civilian refugees aided in France - American convalescent soldiers attending Red Cross movies in France. . Wounded soldiers carried by Red Cross ambulances in Italy..... . . . Children cared for by Red Cross in Italy - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * is e º e º e º e s e e * e º & & * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * & © e º sº e º 'º & © e º e & e º e º º e & E e º e º s e e º 'º e e º 'º º & # * * * * * * * * * * * * * e ' * * g e s e e tº e º e s & e g tº # & & sº tº e e s a e s e e s e º e º e s ∈ e º e º 'º e º 'º' e e º 'º g º e º 'º e e º 'º & e º 'º gº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * g e * * * * * * * * * * * * * e e º e © tº $ 9 e 155,000 shipped overseas up to February 28, aggregated more than 101,000 m a te 1 y 5,055 freight car loads. . . . . . 31,000,000 • , Their value was e e g º & 8,100,000 g . . . . . . . 371,577,000 a p p r O x i mately & 3 e º ºs 500,000 $31,200,000. If the . . . . . 40,000,000 value of Chapter * = e tº º 23,822 produced articles * * * * * . lº amount would be * * * g e º: increased by more & º e º is 1,155,000 than $50,000,000, 3,780 so that overseas º e º º sº 294,000 [ s h i p m ent s ex- 4,340,000 ceeded $80,000,000. . . . . . 15,376,000 Large purchases, * * * * * ſº aggregating mil- 3 * + v 3 lions of dollars, 148,000 - e were also made in various parts of Europe. cash then in the 1– hands of he a d- - quarters represented the only resource available for new undertakings or for carrying on the great bulk of the work for which no further financial provi- sion had then been made; the obliga- tions of the Red Cross committed it to continuing service in practically every line of activity, and many of these activities continued to expand for a period; indeed by the very nature of the case expenditures concerned with the return of our soldiers and the caring for the recreational needs of the sick and wounded did not reach their zenith until a somewhat later date. ... $ Of the $400,000,000 received in vol- untary contributions and subscriptions, $42,000,000 came from membership dues and $283,500,000 from the war drives. The remainder came from so many different sources that spe- mile in continental United States, the report points out, is now covered by Some form of Chapter organization, while there are fifty-four Chapters in insular and foreign places. The section devoted to work in the United States shows that 8,000,000 Chapter women, with the help of many of the junior members, pro- duced in the twenty months’ period more than 371,500,000 relief articles with a value of nearly $94,000,000. There were produced 306,966,759. surgical dressings, value $14,637,909; 17,462,400 hospital garments, value $22,969,585; 14,211,439 hospital sup- plies, value $5,966,854; 6,328,982 refugee garments, value $7,779,055; 23,328,831 articles for soldiers and sailors, value $41,858,274; 3,279,053 unclassified articles, value $766,316. In addition to the above Chapter --wºmmy One of the note- - w O r thy thing s shown by the detailed report is that for each dollar received only one and seven-tenths cents was spent for “management.” The percentage ratio of “management” to “relief” was one and eight-tenths per cent. With general features of relief work in France and other countries Overseas, BULLETIN readers are well acquainted. In connection with an exhaustive description of the many activities, the War Council's report gives the following revised figures on appropriations for cash expenditure in France: Canteens and rest stations, $3,162,- 916.83; general services for A. E. F., $11,349,970.42; care of refugees, $9,225,806.34; care of children, $3,013,505.93; medical and Surgical service, $3,711,783.55; hospital sup- ply service, $2,143,697.45; tuberculo- tons, or approxi- --- 3 T H E R E D C Ross B U L LE t IN sis relief, $2,372,619.61; surgical dressing stations, $3,311,017.84; nurs- ing service, $1,239,292.58; aid to dis- abled. soldiers, $623,746.23; relief of French soldiers’ families, $3,825,971.- 03; aid to French Red Cross, $1,751,– 493.69; transport service, $5,298,663– 29; other relief operations, $1,226,- 374.72; miscellaneous, $4,338,870.12 Total, $56,595,729.63. Appropriations for cash expendi- tures elsewhere overseas were: Belgium, $3,875,161.12; Italy, $11,– 972,819.11; British Isles, $11,267,- 304.53; Switzerland, $5,972,777.38; Palestine and Near East, $8,320,111.- 32; Balkans, $4,569,868.96; Russia, excluding Siberia, $2,240,167,02; Si- beria, $8,225,769.67; other activities overseas, $7,396,575.93. Total, $63,- 840,655.04. - The section devoted to work with the American Army also reviews the many activities pertaining to that branch of the Red Cross service, and will be valuable for reference pur- poses long after the generation which witnessed and participated in the work has passed away. Conquer Typhus Epidemic With the typhus epidemic in eastern Macedonia conquered, reports show that the death rate was held down to 12 per cent. Of a total of 1,318 cases the doctors and nurses of the American Red Cross Commission to Greece were called upon to treat, only 168 died. At Kavalla eight large tobacco warehouses were the center of infec- tion, 252 cases appearing there in five days. A Greek ship, coming from the Bulgar prison camp at Varna, was the nucleus of infection, as 2,150 men, women and children on board were ex- posed to the plague. The Americans who distinguished themselves in the anti-typhus cam- paign were numerous, the list includ- ing Major Samuel J. Walker, of Chi- cago; Capt. Paul D. White, of Bos- ton; Lieut. D. S. Clark, of Salem, Mass.; Lieut. C. A. L. Binger, of New York; Lieut. J. S. Hodgson, of Provi- dence: B. H. Hill, director of the American School, Athens; Miss Alma Hartz, Davenport, Iowa; Miss Isa- belle Martin, of San Francisco, and Miss Sarah Addison, of Baltimore. Lieut. Edward Walker, of Blacksburg, Va., died from the disease he was fighting, and a half dozen other Red Cross workers were stricken, but re- covered. - Macedonians, Turks, Armenians, Greeks and Bulgarians joined hands in mighty processions of thanks for the deliverance of the country from the scourge, bearing banners and sacred religious relics. Memorial Services for Nurses' Aid Memorial services were held on August 21, 1919, by the officers of the Twenty-seventh Regiment and rep- resentatives of the Red Cross, at Ver- khne Udinsk, Siberia, in honor of Edith Barnett, American Red Cross nurses' aide, who died August 15 while nursing typhus patients. “We gathered about the flagstaff,” writes Miss Grace Harrington, chief nurse, Western Division, Commission for Siberia, “at retreat, while Col. Morrow, commanding officer of the Twenty-seventh, told the men why they had been called together to do honor to an American woman who had paid her life in service here. Then Major Manget, acting commissioner for Siberia, spoke most beautifully of her work, her wonderful spirit, and her splendid eagerness to serve. The prayer of Chaplain Webb was fol- lowed by a selection of the Twenty- seventh Regimental Band. Then the simple American service was closed by lowering the flag, against a gorgeous sunset and the purple Siberian hills. The enlisted men of the camp, about twenty-five hundred, stood at respect- ful distances in groups with uncov- ered heads, and rendered their silent tribute to a heroic woman.” Upon entering Vladimir, American Red Cross officers found 200,000 adults and more than 50,000 children starving and in rags. ºr wº * 7%202.7 (70.5/5: - Wºrse \ | Last of the Burnside Pictures The pictures shown on this page complete the series of the Burnside paintings, depicting American Red Cross work in France. - A cablegram from Paris last week told of the presentation by the Amer- |T 2. " º - - º \, … - - - %24(///ſo ſor/emo/, (Z/Zºº_ ican Red Cross to the people of France of a painting by this same artist, symbolic of the work done in that country during the last two years. It was shown at the opening of the Luxembourg Museum. In accepting the gift on that occasion, President Poincare said: “I am deeply grateful for the work of the American Red Cross, and am therefore happy to receive this grate- ful tribute. You have done much to cement the ties which bind the two peoples and this gift is a happy augury for their continuance. It is my hope that many American students will come to our schools, thus making for still better understanding.” To Lieut. Burnside, President Poin- care said: “Your idea in this painting is the same that is uppermost in our hearts. You have expressed beautifully the spirit, love and respect which should always endure between France and America.” 4 THE RE D C Ross B UL LET IN --, -es ---, -->; -** → ~...~ --, -º --~~<------- : >~~~~~~~~~ *-*-*- ..~...~". the greatest lasting good from Amer- ican Red Cross effort will be the new self-reliance of terribly afflicted peo- ples brought about by the well- directed endeavors of the early recon- struction period. The campaigns against disease which the Red Cross is aiding are not only humanitarian in character, but of direct interest to the welfare of the people of our own country. If the epidemics which are being fought in Poland and the Balkans get beyond bounds, it will be not alone the people of the rest of Europe that will be afflicted with a visitation of new hor- rors, but the people of the United . States as well; for in these days of Swift communication with respect to commerce and travel disease is ever likely to follow the paths of trade. Wherefore, other considerations aside, the Red Cross work in the foreign field is good insurance for America against contagion. - - In pursuing its foreign policy, the American Red Cross is not initiating anything new, but merely bringing to a conclusion the work originally cut out. The great initiative program pertains to the domestic field, and this program, in due course, will become the all-absorbing feature of American Red Cross effort in time of peace. All that now is being done across seas, however, has an important bearing on aims and purposes of accomplishment with respect to the domestic health and welfare plans. And the effects of the energies in foreign lands will be constantly apparent when attention finally is concentrated on affairs at home. Every American soldier in France and Germany will receive from the American Red Cross a Christmas gift of utility, as well as friendly seasonal greeting. It is announced at the Eu- ropean headquarters of the Red Cross that, in ample time to reach all before the holidays, there will be despatched to every doughboy still in Europe a telescoped pair of socks containing chocolate, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, smoking tobacco, postcards, tooth- brush, tooth paste, chewing gum, comb and a trinket carrying a tag with the inscription, “Merry Christmas from the American Red Cross.” - T EIE R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 5 FOREIGN OBLIGATIONS AND OPERATIONS Story of Red Cross Work Abroad in Connection with the Aftermath of War, Told in Address by Director F. P. Keppel The following address on the work of the American Red Cross in the for- eign field was made by Frederick P. Keppel, Director of Foreign Opera: tions, at the session of the General Board at National Headquarters, On the occasion of the annual meeting: “It wouldn’t be possible to tell the story of the foreign work of the Red Cross in the fifteen minutes allotted by the Chairman, or in fifteen hours, and I don’t think there is much pleasure or profit in a mass of statistics packed like sardines into a quarter of an hour, so I am going to try to answer SQme of the general questions about this for- eign work which I know are in your minds and in the minds of your asso- ciates, questions like these: Why has the Red Cross so much to do abroad: Our soldiers and sailors are practically all back in the United States. How can we afford it? Aren't we in the depths of poverty? And where is it leading us? They are all fair questions. - VITALITY OF WORK - “And in answering the questions ! hope to succeed in giving you some idea of the spirit in which the work is being done—some idea of its vital- ity. Perhaps the best test of that lies in the fact that the authorities here in Washington did their level best to stop it last summer, but as you all know, it's still going strong. We had slipped into this program naturally enough. Of course, the Red Cross had raised its fund, and gone to Eu- rope essentially to help and comfort our American soldiers and Sailors; but if we were a non-combatant Or- ganization we were all mighty anxious to do our share in winning the war, and it was soon evident that the Red Cross could do a great deal to main- tain the fighting qualities of the French and Italian soldiers by help- ing their women and children back of the lines, and that nobody else could do this particular job. - “That great work isn't part of the record of this year; not all of it at any rate, but it was the start of our civilian work all over Europe and in far-off Siberia. By the time the Armi– stice was signed the American Red Cross had earned a wonderful reputa- tion for binding up not only the wounds of battle, but the bleeding hearts as well, and it was perfectly natural for the Peace Conference to call upon it, not only to continue the work in the liberated regions of France and Belgium, but to serve our other Allies in Serbia and Roumania for example, and to help to bring order out of chaos in the new states such as Poland and Czecho-Slovakia—and it was perfectly natural for the Red Cross to answer the call. “Late last spring, however, it seemed as if it would be impossible for us to finance a continued foreign pro- gram, and July 1 seemed to be the obvious date for closing up. HEARTS AND BRAINS IN JOB “But the authorities reckoned with- Out one important element, the work- ers in the field. They had put not only their time and their brains into their job, but their hearts as well, and from all over Europe—and from Si- beria—came the same answer: “Come and see what we are doing,” and when we came and saw, even the hardest- headed of us all went back to Head- Quarters to vote, not for a cancellation, but for an increase of the appropria- tion for the particular job we had See 11. “Don’t let me give you a false im- pression. The Red Cross didn’t let its heart run away with its head. We knew we couldn’t feed and clothe the world. Nothing was continued or un- dertaken which couldn’t fit into a care- fully studied general program which would be within our means. Every penny is carefully budgeted. But after all it isn't the money and sup- plies, or even the skill of the doctors and nurses that is the really important part of our service. As I told Dr. Farrand when I got back from East- ern Europe last fall, our real con- tribution lies in giving the people of this disillusioned and cynical and weary world a chance to see some folks who have no axe to grind, either political or commercial or theological —men and women who go cheerfully about living the Golden Rule. And that has its effect not only on the indi- vidual, but on the governments, be- cause they, after all, are nothing but groups of individuals. I don't say we have always succeeded in teaching the lesson, but I know the total effect for good has been great. - - “We have been able to carry on our program this year, first, because the rapidity of our own national demo- bilization released funds and materials we had reserved for our own sol- diers. We realized a large sum from the sale of military supplies in France. Then we received from the Secretary of War, by authority of Congress, a large surplus of Army medical sup- plies in France; and finally our men and women and the people they helped found the most ingenious ways of using much of our own war material. Those big hospital slippers, made to go on Over a bandage, were cut up into hundreds of small boys’ pants. Pack- ing boxes were made into operating tables and, lined with tin cans, into bath tubs. We sent a Greek girl to the altar with a bridal veil made of mosquito netting, and one old Mos- lem was found marching proudly down the high street of his town clad in his red fez and a suit of white union underwear, looking for all the world like a magazine advertisement. ORGANIZATION SCHEME “Our Scheme of organization is briefly this: A central office in Paris to determine and direct the general policy for the whole territory—Serbia alone excepted—to approve the budg- ets, assign the personnel, distribute the supplies. Then we have our Com- missioners and their staffs in countries where there is a permanent work. In countries like Poland, threatened with famine and pestilence, this work is growing rapidly; in Czecho-Slovakia it is practically completed, as it is in Italy, with the exception of the home Service for the families of the Italian- born Soldiers, of whom there are more than 30,000. England is closed out; SO is Switzerland. Then we have temporary missions, such as that for Our troops in Archangel or the one to care for Russian prisoners in Ger- many; and more recently, at the re- quest of the Supreme Economic Council, we took trainloads of med- ical supplies into Vienna and Buda- pest. When our service is completed in such cases our personnel is with- drawn. And finally we send pre- liminary inquiries here and there. One such inquiry into Southern Russia (the Kuban Territory) was followed by three shiploads of supplies, and another, representative has just re- turned from the Ukraine. We are not ourselves operating in Armenia, but we are doing our share in relieving the terrible conditions there. “No praise can be too high for the spirit of resourcefulness of our Red Cross personnel. Remember that the countries in which we are operating are literally devastated. Let me give you an example of the difficulties to be surmounted. One district in Mon- 6 T EI E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T I N tenegro was entirely cut off from relief by a broken bridge on the only road. Our men drove a truck to the edge of the valley, took it apart, carried the parts across on muleback, rebuilt it on the other side and have now a gasoline service of supply with only the valley to cover by muleback. Some of our workers have had their share in great dramatic events, as dramatic as any- thing in war service, the welcome of the Greek refugees pouring into Macedonia from Bulgaria, the fight with cholera in Harbin, and with typhus in Galicia. Many are con- stantly under shell fire, because, alas, peace is a theory rather than a condi- tion in a greater part of the territory in which they are working. Others have the humdrum routine of teaching messy little boys and girls to blow their noses and brush their teeth—Or the care of stores, on accounts. But everywhere there is the same wonder- ful spirit of Red Cross service and Red Cross cheer, and this spirit is, as I said, the greatest gift we have to Offer COOPERATION IS BROAD “In all this the American Red Cross isn’t playing a lone hand. In the first place we are taking a leading share in building up the organization of the League of Red Cross Societies, which we hope and believe will carry into all the world the American Red Cross spirit and the knack of getting things done, despite all difficulties. We are in closest touch with an American Re- lief Association (Mr. Hoover’s organ- ization) and with all peoples and gov- ernments everywhere. We are even getting on with the various American volunteer agencies. “I’ve promised not to overwhelm you with statistics, and I’m going to keep my word, but, just to give you an idea of what it all comes to, let me say that we have now in foreign Serv- ice, including Siberia, over 1,200 American men and women, and Our budget for the year comes to about $18,000,000 plus Red Cross supplies no longer needed for our soldiers and sailors, and those medical Stores turned over by the Army, coming in all to say fifteen million dollars in addition. “This sounds like a pretty large Or- der, but it is literally true that we are scarcely scratching the surface of the need; we are trying to limit our work to strategic places, and always with a definite policy of working from re- lief into a constructive health program. It is not intended to make an an- nual budget of this size an annual event. For one thing, we won’t have either the money or the supplies, and but it may be. even if we had we will face a very different situation next year. There will still be need enough and distress enough, though there ought not to be nearly so much as we faced last year, but in the meantime the League will have developed sufficiently, we hope, to assume the general direction, the overhead, and the peoples themselves, through the development of their own Red Cross Societies, and the organi- zation of Government bureaus of health and relief will, most of them, be in a position to profit by the lessons we have tried to teach, and they will have got back their nerve to a cer- tain extent. These things will not happen everywhere and there is al- ways Russia to remember, but in most places we can let go after the harvest Of 1920. • “I hope and expect that we will be doing foreign Red Cross work, and work of real importance, for many years; certainly the foreign part of the Junior Red Cross work Ought to be permanent. In general, however, it will be a program where our contribu- tions will be less in money than in ‘know how.’ “And, finally, do not think we are complacent as to this foreign work. We know we have made mistakes— big ones; both in policy and in per- sonnel. The dreadful story that someone whispered to you last week may be true. It probably is not, Remember that this Red Cross of ours is a very human institution, and to err is human. At any rate, we try to profit by Our mistakes when we learn them. And if I may be forgiven a baseball metaphor, I invite you to look around the Human Nature League and see how the bat- ting and the fielding averages of the American Red Cross compare with the others. If we are not complacent, we need not be downhearted either. Supplementing our work with our own young men, we had the privilege of a great opportunity—an opportunity as stewards of the American people to bring help and cheer to hundreds and thousands of less fortunate men and women and children, and I think we have grasped the opportunity.” Reviews Year of Transition (Continued from page 1) what had preceded and prefatory to what was to follow. - “In early June, 1917, an American Red Cross Commission had been sent to France under instructions to make preparations for the reception of our Expeditionary Forces, and, at the same time, to do everything possible for the physical and moral comfort of the armies of our Allies, and for the civilian populations harassed by the war. - “This was followed by commissions to other allied countries, in some of which there was little likelihood that there would be American troops in any considerable numbers, if at all, but in which there was a manifest obligation to assist in heartening the people and the military forces worn down by the enemy's all-too-successful methods of warfare and policies of devastation and terrorization. “The American Red Cross inter- preted the unprecedented support, financial and personal, which it was receiving from the American people, as a mandate to do whatever it could, legitimately and within the recognized principles of Red Cross activity, to assist in winning the war. The Red Cross is, of course, non-belligerent, and, on principle, neutral in its attitude toward wounded soldiers. There is no record of any American Red Cross violation of these fundamental prin- ciples, nor of just complaint from any wounded enemy, who fell into the hands of the organization, that the treatment he received was other than humane. The American Red Cross did all in its power to help sustain the morale both of the soldiers of our Allies and of their families behind the lines. It administered to the sick, the orphaned, the homeless, the refugees and the repatriates. . PLACING COMMISSIONs “In pursuance of these plans, it in- stalled, in addition to its military re- lief, varied forms of civilian relief, not only in France and Belgium, but also in Italy, Russia, Roumania and Serbia. Later it sent a Commission to Pales- tine to operate in liaison with the British forces, and still later it sent a Commission to Greece. It had already established a Commission in Great Britain for the aid and comfort of the American Army and Navy forces in transit, and it had a Commission in Switzerland for the primary purpose of transmitting aid and comforts to American prisoners of war in German camps. “American Red Cross civilian relief among our Allies never contemplated a policy of feeding and clothing Eu- rope, but was purely a work of emergency in behalf of our friends and associates and for the sustenance of their morale. It was the work of Supplementing as fully as possible and as swiftly as possible the work of the various national governments in be- half of their own people. - T EIE R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN 7 “By midsummer of 1918 our own troops were arriving in France in such vast numbers as to call for rapidly in- creasing American Red Cross minis- trations. By the close of that summer there had been formulated a definite policy of concentrating attention as much as possible on our own troops in France. There was no intention of withdrawing our aid from our Allies until hostilities should cease, but there was careful guarding against unnec- cessary expansion, a systematic design to organize all our civilian relief work in such a manner that it could be quickly transferred to the national governments or to national welfare Organizations on the cessation of hos- tilities, and a firm determination not to be led into indefinite plans to ‘re- store’ devastated Europe, clearly a work for governments, not for volun- tary societies. - - “Thus, by the end of the summer of 1918, the first great transition had been accomplished in western Europe; a general policy of miscellaneous aid had been superseded by a definite pol- icy of concentration on military relief to American troops, with civilian aid to our Allies distinctly delimited and defined. - - EVENTS CHANGED PLANs “In less than a week after the Armistice the various American Red Cross commissions assembled in Paris and conferred about the future, with the result that it was then decided that by March 1, 1919, practically all major American Red Cross operations could be concluded or else transferred to the various national governmental au- thorities, or to organized relief so- cieties, either native or in the form of American Red Cross Chapters organ- ized and conducted by American resi- dents in the several countries. Of course, all plans of withdrawal from France, Belgium and Great Britain were contingent upon the withdrawal of the American forces, but at that time it was believed that the bulk of the Army would have sailed for home before March 1. “Events confused the reckoning. American forces in enormous numbers remained abroad much longer than was anticipated, and in many particu- lars their calls on the Red Cross in- creased with the decrease of their active and absorbing war duties. There were more furloughs, heavier concen- tration in the cities, increasing need of lodgings, canteen refreshments, recrea- tion and guidance. In the United States there was increased hospitaliza- tion with corresponding increase of Red Cross activity. The Home Serv- ice Department was getting busier every month because the families of | soldiers were learning more and more to turn to the Red Cross in their per- plexities and needs. Six months after the Armistice there were 165,000 more families under the care of the Home Service Sections than in any month during the war. “Moreover, the aftermath of war created emergency needs beyond all expectations in some of the countries of our Allies, particularly in the Bal- kan States and in Poland. New terri- tory became accessible to American Red Cross emergency assistance, terri- tory which it had to enter, not only as a humane measure, but in fulfillment of its own implied obligations and the reasonable expectations of the in- habitants. NEEDS WERE MANDATORY “The result of all this was that, al- though the War Council and the com- missioners to Europe had in Novem- ber, 1918, definitely decided on a policy of contraction and withdrawal, it was fully six months later before the policy could be put actually and pro- gressively into execution. “According to plan, the War Coun- cil resigned on March 1, and authority and responsibility reverted to the Cen- tral Committee, where they had lodged prior to the war; but by March 1, it had not been possible to make any ap- preciable progress in the policy of con- traction. Indeed, the expenditures for January and February, 1919, were heavier than for any two months dur- ing the period of actual hostilities, not- withstanding the War Council's ut- most endeavors toward economy. The conditions were unalterable and the needs were mandatory. • , “It was not until the spring of 1919 that the situation, which was the war’s legacy, was sufficiently normalized for the plan of contraction to show ap- preciable results in tables of expendi- tures. As rapidly as possible foreign commissions were successively closed, and as soon as possible (May, 1919). a committee on liquidation began to make reducing adjustments, to sell off salable supplies no longer needed in relief operations, and to scale down activities to an irreducible minimum. “By June 30, 1919, when this Re- port closes, the Commissions to Bel- gium, Switzerland and Palestine had been terminated, the Commissions to Greece and the different Balkan states had been federated in a Commission to the Balkans, the Commission to Great Britain was on the verge of closing, those to France and Italy were dwindling to comparatively small proportions, and the direction of American Red Cross policies through- out Europe was vested in an Ameri- can Red Cross Commission to Europe. “However, just at the close of the period with which this Report is con- cerned, the Congress of the United States, by a unanimous vote, author- ized the Secretary of War to transfer to the American Red Cross such medical and surgical supplies and dietary foodstuffs in Europe as should not be needed by the Army abroad or at home ‘to be used by the American Red Cross to relieve and supply the pressing needs of the countries in- volved in the late war.’ These sup- plies created a continuing liability. Personnel and equipment had to be retained or secured for the intelligent distribution of these and other sur- plus American Red Cross supplies in the countries of eastern Europe, espe- cially Poland and the Baltic provinces. Moreover, there had been established, On recommendation of the Commis- Sioner to the Balkans, a ‘constructive’ Balkan program—a program which involved little expenditure for actual relief, but by which the American Red Cross engaged itself to ‘stand by’ for a year, with relatively small appropria- tions and a limited personnel, and as- sist the peoples of the Balkan States to establish upon a permanent basis public health work in those countries. In Siberia there is an American Red Cross Commission operating with the American troops. - - TRANSITION ACCOMPLISHED “The matter contained in the pre- ceding paragraph summarizes the con- tinuing foreign obligations of the American Red Cross, which, together with the continuing work which is being done for American soldiers and sailors at home, and their families, constitute the diminishing war pro- gram of the American Red Cross. “Thus gradually was the second transition accomplished, from a policy of expansion to a policy of contraction. “Almost immediately following the Armistice, thoughtful American Red Cross leaders began to study the prob- lem of utilizing the great Red Cross machinery developed by the war, and the rich Red Cross experience ac- quired in the war, for peace-time needs, primarily in the United States, secondly for the welfare of humanity at large. - - “It was assumed that after the war a general congress of National Red Cross Societies would assemble at Geneva, the seat of the International Red Cross Committee, to consider Red Cross problems as developed by the War. Furthermore, it was realized that (Continued on page 8) 8 THE RE D C R O S s BULLET IN ADDREss by WICE-PRESIDENT Speaking for President Wilson, Mr. Marshall Praises Red Cross in War and in Peace Representing President Wilson, whose illness prevented him from at- tending the annual meeting of the Red Cross, Vice-President Marshall delivered an address on that occasion, in which he appealed for universal support of the Red Cross work. He said, in part: “I think I may voice the same senti- ments I am quite sure the President would voice, of grateful appreciation to the American Red Cross for the splendid services and sacrifices made in the cause of our common humanity during the progress of the late war. “You who have been doing the work have not been fully aware of how little compensation in the way of praise and thankfulness you have re- ceived at the hands of the American people; nor, upon the other hand, have you been aware of the great, regard and reward that you have had in the prayerful hope and anticipation of thousands and hundreds of thousands of plain, every-day Americans like myself, that the time will never come when the banner of the Red Cross will not float in the breezes of the world, side by side with all the ban- ners of Democracy “After all, Democracy does not con- sist of phrases, of constitutions, not even of forms of government. De- mocracy rather consists in an attitude of mind, and a man may dwell be- neath the Stars and Stripes, and yet, if he has no heart-beat for the Sorrows of the unfortunate ones, he is not a true American. On the other hand, he may live in any country in the world, and if the tenderest impulses of his heart go out toward the better- ment of human kind, whatever his form of government, he himself is an American Democrat. I do not use the word in a partisan sense. . . - “There is naturally a falling off both in the spirit of patriotism and in the spirit of service since the cessa- tion of hostilities. That's human na- ture. You don’t know as much about it as I do. I come from Indiana, and out there every winter we get religion, and then in the spring we begin to cool off And by summer we are willing for most anything that the law does not prohibit ! And we under- stand, I think, better than most of you do, the swinging of the pendulum from intense fervor and zeal clear through the arc to utter carelessness and indifference. ye have done it unto me.’ there is a genuine sentiment upon the part of the American people that, whatever else may come in American life, the American Red Cross must remain, if the American people are to discharge the duties that are incum- bent upon them. “There is not any institution on earth, any mere civil institution on earth, that has the confidence and good-will and esteem of the American people like the American Red Cross. They have seen wonderful sacrifices made during this recent war. “And if we can get every American to be a member of the American Red Cross, big and little, young and old; if we can bind them in the spirit of a common service, I will bank my faith on this country of ours being safe through all the years that are to come. “Politicians come and politicians go; parties rise and parties fall; laws are made and laws are unmade; stat- utes are enforced and statutes are dis- regarded; pomp and glory and renown are sought, but there is only one abid- ing thing in American life, and that is—'Inasmuch as ye have done it to one of the least of these, my brethren, And if the service and sacrifice and devotion of the American Red Cross is only ap- preciated by the American people, we shall do more towards the solution of the vexed economic and social prob- lems of American life by the elbow touch of one to the other, by the hand- clasp of friendship and of faith, than can be accomplished by all legislative bodies, all courts, all administrative officers.” Reviews Year of Transition (Continued from page 7) the American Red Cross, which had far outstripped all other national Red Cross societies in size and effective- ness, would necessarily have a lead- ing part in the discussions. It was the prevision of Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War Council, which conceived the plan of laying before such a congress a definite, scientific, world-extensive health and welfare program. - “To this end he was instrumental in assembling at Cannes a remarkable convention of scientific men and women, physicians, nurses and wel- fare experts, who agreed upon certain clean-cut scientific programs for the improvement of world health and the advancement of world welfare, espe- cially among children. It was intended to lay these recommendations before the Geneva Congress for consideration and action. But I believe that “For various reasons the congress was found impracticable at that time and after full consideration the repre- sentatives of the Red Cross societies of the five great allied powers met in Paris in May, 1919, and there organ- ized the League of Red Cross Socie- ties, with five founder members, namely, the National Red Cross so- cieties of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan. In- vitations were issued to twenty-four Other National Red Cross Societies, officially recognized by the Interna- tional Committee and excluding the societies of the late enemy powers. These invitations have been accepted and the League has established head- quarters at Geneva, as neighbor and friend of the International Commit- tee. Though the League will unques- tionably be a permanent institution there is no interference with the ju- dicial and institutional functions of the International Committee. - “Another and more immediate American Red Cross design for peace- time activity has been gradually worked out in the interest of public health and welfare work in the United States. Never was a ‘program’ in more direct response to a popular de- mand. From all over the country there came appeals for the application of this great war-time energy to the peace-time needs of the people. “The Executive Committee wisely declined to be plunged into hastily con- sidered schemes to perpetuate Red Cross activities. In part, they com- mitted the Red Cross future to the control of events, to natural develop- ments, actual needs, and the indis- putable capacity and fitness of the Red Cross to meet those needs. Their judgment was sound in that the first duty of the American Red Cross was to bring its war program to a satisfac- tory conclusion, and then to collect and collate plans for a useful peace program. - “The period covered by this. Report concerns their first intent—the com- pletion of the war program. Mean- while they dealt with developments as they were occurring, accepting some, rejecting others. In the summer of 1919 they began to formulate yet other projects, and finally were pre- pared to issue a comprehensive, well- considered plan of cooperation with Public Health and other official agen- cies in the form of a definite program of Public Health, Public Nursing and Child Welfare, Home Service, Dis- aster Relief, First Aid, and Junior Red Cross, with still other and far- reaching plans in preparation.” HV S 15 A + The Red Cross Bulletin Vol. III WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 22, 1919 No. 52 PREPAREDMEss for Disaster New Red Cross Guide Book Gives Plans for Mobilizing Resources for Use in Emergencies The newly created Red Cross Bureau of Disaster Preparedness and Organization, which has undertaken definite plans for mobilizing the re- sources of community, state and nation, for immediate relief in the event of disasters, has begun the isssuance of a loose-leaf Disaster Relief Guide Book for the use of Division offices. Through this Guide Book the Bureau will assist Divisions in planning disaster surveys and in mastering methods of relief developed as the result of Red Cross experi- ence in past disas- ters. Prior to the present time, organization and plans for relief have waited, in the majority of in- stances, upon the occurrence of dis- aster; but the record of an aver- º % | age of one disaster a month for every month of fourteen years makes preparedness an impera- tive need. It is now proposed that a vigorous program of disaster pre- paredness be undertaken, not only by National Headquarters and Division offices, but by the local Chapters themselves, so that when an emer- gency comes the Red Cross will be ready on the instant to meet the situa- tion. The experience of the Red Cross fits it preeminently for this work, and its close affiliation with the government departments makes it possible to respond promptly and in- telligently to every emergency de- mand. Practically every community is organized with a complete fire depart- ment for the protection of property, but nowhere has the same prepara- tion been made for the protection of human life and the relief of sufferers in disasters and care for those whose homes have been destroyed. Often, when disasters visit communities, the communities depend upon outside help without fully realizing the extent of their own resources. The Disaster Relief Guide Book proposes that through surveys made by the local Red Cross, the 15,000 communities where it is active will now arrange to have such knowledge at their fingers' ends for immediate use when needed. A special committee composed of re- * WHEN THE RED CROSS CLASS IN HYGIENE AND HOMIE NURSING MEETS Typical scene in a present-day rural community sponsible citizens familiar with those resources will undertake the study. The survey for a given community will include answers to such questions as: What are the resources for the care of the sick and injured; for the transportation, emergency feeding, temporary shelter and clothing for refugees; for health and prevention of disorder; and the resources in per- sonnel? What detailed plans have been worked out by the Chapter Pre- paredness Committee or the Execu- tive Committee for quickly mobilizing local resources in case of disaster, and what definite or tentative arrange- (Continued on page 8): Division; CONTINUEs Hospital PROGRAM Relation of Red Cross to Peace-Time Army Defined at Conference of Army Officers The relation of the American Red Cross to the peace-time Army has been clearly defined as the result of a conference of the Education and Recreation Branch, War Plans Divi- sion of the General Staff of the Army, Louisville, Ky., December 9, 10 and 11. At the close of this conference, in which Red Cross officials partici- pated and discussed with the Army officers various problems concerning their work, the Red Cross was re- quested to continue its hospital pro- gram, under which it will have charge of recreation for p a tie nºt s in all Army general hos- pitals under the Supervision of the hospital command- ers, and to continue its system of Home Service in all hos- pitals, camps, posts and other Army stations. The Army repre- sentatives attend- ing the conference were Maj. Gen. William G. Haan, Director of the War Plans Division; Brig. Gen. Johnston Hagood, Com- manding General, Camp Eustis, Md. ; Col. Robert I. Rees, Chief of the Edu- cation and Recreation Branch; Lieut. Col. Jason S. Joy, Chief of Camp Activities; Col. Roger Fitch, Chief of Education; Col. Godwin Ordway, Chief of Moral Training; Dr. Robert C. Mann, Chairman, Civilian Educa- tional Advisory Board, War Plans departmental education and recreation officers from all the major camps and posts, including gen- eral hospitals. (Continued on page 7) 2 T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T IN “Always BE CAREPUL" slogan How Red Cross First Aid Instruction Serves to Prevent Accidents in Every-Day Life Accidents are constantly assuming more importance in the life of our nation, and the most progressive and successful industrial organizations of America regard accident prevention and first aid to the injured as indis- pensable factors in efficient and eco- nomical management. Deaths from accidents differ from those which occur from disease. Ac- cidental deaths are largely among the very best of our population. The Sud- denness and unexpectedness of such deaths and of injuries are peculiarly horrifying. Not only does the injured person suffer greatly in accidents, but in case of permanent disability or death, his family, deprived of the sup- port of the wage earner, continues to suffer. Thousands of such families become a charge on public and private charity annually. Some years ago the American Red Cross, realizing that accidents in the United States constituted a far greater disaster than could ever be caused by fire, flood, earthquake, pestilence and even war, created a department in their Bureau of Medical Service—the First Aid Division—to deal with this subject from the educational stand- point. - A celebrated surgeon once said: “The fate of an injured man depends on the care first given to his injury.” This is as true today as when the statement was made, and if the Red Cross can only succeed in teaching people what to do in case of accident and what not to do, the first-aid work will be worth while. Since the First Aid Division was organized, great progress has been made in this im- portant instruction. Accidents, unfortunately, do not oc- cur usually where the services of a physician are immediately available, but at some distance from profes- sional aid; and, even when such as- sistance can be procured in a few moments, plenty of time is left for causing blood poisoning, allowing a simple fracture to become a compound fracture, with great additional dan- ger to the injured person or for death from shock to occur. A knowledge of first aid is always of value. It will not take the place of the services of a physician or nurse, nor will it accom- plish the impossible. But knowing the principles of first aid will make a person much more of a power for good. Knowledge of first aid will, under most circumstances, prevent one from doing either too little or too much. What has been the result of the Red Cross first-aid work to date? It has been found, as the result of ex- perience, that not only are trained first-aid men competent to give aid to injured persons until they can be de- livered into the hands of a physician, but also that the very fact of studying first aid induces thought on the part of students of the danger of accidents, and that, therefore, they become much more careful for themselves and for others. It has been proven that First Aid instruction not only makes the expert and older employee more care- ful, but also more considerate of his less experienced fellow workmen. It has been shown, too, that efficient First Aid treatment shortens the time lost by disabled workmen. Hospital records prove that patients who have had prompt treatment are in much bet- ter condition on entering the hospital than those to whom no First Aid has been given. As a result of first-aid instruction the disbursements for claims and bene- fits have been reduced, and the acci- dent rate among men who have been instructed in First Aid is markedly less than among the uninstructed. It is easy to demonstrate that First Aid instruction will lessen the number of cripples to be cared for, diminish the death rate from accidents, and de- crease the demands for philanthropic aid from families of killed or seriously injured. During the past few years the First Aid Division of the Amer- ican Red Cross has loaned the physi- cians of its staff, under mutually agreeable conditions, to telephone companies, manufactories, mines, lum- ber mills, quarries, and other indus- tries for the purpose of instructing their employees in accident prevention and first aid. The records show that accidents cause a large proportion of the deaths in the United States (9.3 per cent at all ages). The highest proportion of deaths from accidents is reached in the age period from fifteen to twenty- four years, when 19.2 per cent of all deaths are from accidental violence. The records also show that preven- tion of accidents cannot be brought about in a day or month, but it can be accomplished by a continued in- telligent campaign of education and watchfulness or “safety first” on the part of every man, woman and child. It is for all to remember that acci- dents and the effects of accidents, whether on the street, in the factory, office, or in the home, are like con- tagious disease, and can actually be prevented by a little study and educa- tion combined with the development of an inherent directing influence to avoid personal injury by avoiding ac- cidents. Investigation shows that about 60 per cent of the injuries pro- duced by accident could have been prevented by the observance of some simple precaution or rule. The A. B. C. of preventing accidents is “Al- ways Be Careful.” AMERICAN RED CROSS CLOTHES IN war EHOUSE IN THE BALKANs I T H E R E D C Ross B U L LET IN 3 R. G. MEDAL POLICY ANNOUNCED Special Awards for Special Service Not Practicable in Most Democratic of Organizations The following statement regarding the awarding of medals in commemo- ration of work done in the service of the American Red Cross has been au- thorized by the Executive Committee: “It has long been the policy of the American Red Cross to recognize in some special way acts of bravery or devotion in the cause of humanity. “Before the war, medals were awarded from time to time, at the annual meeting and on other occa- sions, with the desire of honoring men and women whose services had been notable. “Very early in the period of the Great War, the War Council appre- ciated the need of some new and ap- propriate method of giving recognition in permanent form to the valiant army of workers who constituted the Great Society of the American Red Cross, at home and abroad. “After full deliberation, two new plans were devised of which all mem- bers of the Society were notified. “First: The service badge and but- ton were created to be granted to all war workers under simple regulations. “Second : Three new medals were created, gold, silver and bronze. These medals were to be used as dec- orations of honor for brilliant and especial service to the American Red Cross. - “A Committee on Awards was ap- pointed, and the duty delegated to it of studying the reports from every source and of recommending to the Executive Committee the award of the medals. “This Committee has studied the situation with the utmost care, receiv- ing reports from Foreign Commis- sions, conferring with Division Man- agers and Department Heads, and seeking advice from many Red Cross workers. “The result of prolonged considera- tion is the mature conclusion that it is impracticable to do justice among the millions of Red Cross workers in making special awards for special service. “The Red Cross is the most dem- ocratic of all societies. All workers have done their best, no matter how small or unpretentious the opportunity may have been. In the war area, or in an epidemic, or in a modest work- room, the opportunity for devoted service in the interest of mankind has always brought forth its ready re- sponse. How can it be said that one service is greater than another? Only, perhaps, by the fact that one service is better known to the world than an- º º § THESE ARE A FEW OF THE CHILDREN FOR WHOM THE CLOTHES ARE INTENDED other; and this is not a basis to judge the work done in the interest of hu- manity and for the relief of suffering. “The Committee made three rec- ommendations, which have been ap- proved by the Executive Committee. “First: That the bronze medal should be awarded to the families of those who died during their active service with the American Red Cross, and because of such service. “Second: That silver and bronze medals should be awarded to foreign- ers who assisted with special distinc- tion in the work of the American Red Cross Commissions throughout the world. - - “Third : That to all American workers throughout the world the Service badges and buttons and the service certificates should forever con- stitute the recognition of the American Red Cross for work done in its in- terest in the most lofty or the most humble occupations. To carry this recommendation, it has been deter- mined that the badges, buttons and service certificates shall only be is- sued, under the present form, for services rendered during the war and for one year after the Armistice. “In the years to come these badges of service in the war will be a perma- nent distinction, and the holders thereof will become known through- out the world as belonging to the army of those whose personal effort made the American Red Cross pos- sible. It was the effort of these mil- lions of men, women and children, unselfishly toiling wherever the op- portunity existed, that made per- manent foundation for that great so- ciety of which every member is proud. These workers created with their own hearts and hands a spirit which will forever be known as the Red Cross Spirit. Without distinction or selec- tion, they all wear the simple evidence which proves their proud membership in this great army, organized in the interest of humanity.” The first American woman to enter Galicia in the campaign now under way to fight distress and disease there was Miss Ellen Thorson, of Fargo. N. Dak. Miss Thorson is the only woman member of a large Red Cross field unit which has established its headquarters at Lwow. The American Red Cross National Clearing House has removed to Ware- house No. 24, Bush Terminal, Foot of 39th Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. All communications should be directed to that address, - - / - 4 T H E R E D C R O S s : B U L LET 1 N THE RED CROSS BULLETIN PUBLISHED weekly BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS RED CROSS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. National Officers of the American Red Cross WooDRow WILSON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... President WILLIAM H. TAFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President RoBERT W. DE FOREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President John SKEL'ron WILLIAMs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treasurer ALEXANDER KING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counselor Stockton AxSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secretary LIVINGston FARRAND. . Chairman Central Committee WILLOUGHBY WALLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wice-Chairman FREDERIck C. MUNROE. . . . . . . . .... General Manager WASHINGTON, D.C., DECEMBER22, 1919 Disaster Preparedness Disaster preparedness, for the pur- pose of administering relief in time of emergency, is one of the outstand- ing features of the Red Cross peace program. The design is to meet dis- asters from the relief side, practically on the instant of their occurrence, in the same organized sense that a fire department responds at the sound of alarm to protect the lives and property of a community. It is merely another application of the up-to-date idea of being ready for action in advance— a constant guard against the unfore- See 11. In the old days—“old days” now meaning before the world war—the quickness of Red Cross action fol- lowing catastrophies that involved the destruction of homes and human suf- fering in various forms, was ever a matter of admiring comment. In spite of promptest responsiveness to the call of mercy, however, it frequently has taken valuable hours to muster relief units and gather resources and supplies for the work in hand. Seem- ingly unavoidable suffering has had to be endured until help could reach the scene from the outside, and the re- cruiting of relief parties and the buy- ing and loading and shipment of ma- terial to meet urgent needs have de- layed the ministrations that all were anxious to render. The old scheme was system Organ- ized on the heels of the disaster from the best of available resources. The new scheme is organization before the calamity occurs, to the end that no valuable time be lost in making ready for the care of injured persons and in meeting the general physical needs of those who are in distress. A Dis- aster Relief Guide Book, sections of which are being issued from time to time by the Red Cross Department of Civilian Relief, sets forth the plans which are being formulated for use in the Division offices; and in due course of time it is hoped that every community will be equipped for not only quick, but the quickest, action when disaster comes with its unher- alded suddenness. The original great objective of the Red Cross, in time of peace, was to relieve suffering in emergencies, and there has been no thought of mini- mizing the importance of that objective in consequence of development along lines of health and welfare endeavor following the lessons taught by the great war. Rather the aim is to make the efficiency of disaster relief in the new era many times superior to what it was before. Let there be no sus- picion, therefore, that the Red Cross is neglecting its primal functions through entering new fields in the in- terest of humanity. The reverse is the truth. What the Red Cross did so well in occasions of emergency when the membership of the society was a few hundred thousands will show the improvement that naturally would per- tain to an organization grown to an army representing approximately one- tenth of the population of the country. Mercy will continue to be the watch- word; and preparedness will be its hand-maiden. !- . Roll Call Exceeds Expectations Returns from the third Red Cross Roll Call to date, less than two-thirds of the Chapters having reported, show memberships for 1920 in excess of eight million. Dr. Farrand, Chairman of the Central Committee, states that the final figures will be ten million at the minimum, and conservative esti- mates go as high as twelve million. In sending telegraphic greetings to the Minneapolis Chapter, which did not begin the Roll Call in that city until the 20th inst., Dr. Farrand, on behalf of the National Executive Committee, said: - - * 2 . , “The response of the country al- ready made has exceeded all expecta- tions, and the Red Cross goes forward to its task not only keenly alive to its opportunity and responsibility, but confident in the support of the Amer- ican people.” - Mr. Keppel Made Vice-Chairman In conformity with an amendment to the by-laws, adopted at the annual meeting of the Red Cross, December 10, providing for the appointment of additional Vice-Chairmen of the Cen- tral Committee, Frederick P. Keppel has been made a Vice-Chairman of that Committee. Mr. Keppel will con- tinue as Director of Red Cross For- eign Operations in connection with his new position. Changes in Treasurer's Department C. E. Wilson, who has been chief clerk in the office of the Red Cross War Fund Assistant Treasurer (Cen- tral Trust Co. of New York) since January, 1918, has been appointed Second Assistant Treasurer of the American Red Cross, to succeed E. C. Haneke, resigned to accept a position as national bank examiner. Hugh S. Bird, Assistant Treasurer of the national organization, has been appointed Assistant Treasurer of the War Fund organization, to succeed the Central Trust Co., resigned. Mr. Bird will hereafter be assistant treasurer of both the War Fund and the national organization, although he will keep separate files and books for the two a CCOuntS. “Wilson School” at Rheims The city of Rheims is the first in France to have a schoolhouse named after President Wilson. Other school buildings, to be built later, will be named after other rulers of allied countries. In selecting a schoolhouse rather than a boulevard as the city’s tribute to America, the mayor of Rheims de- sired to do something different from the actions of other French cities, all of which have Wilson streets or ave- nues. So he picked a school. Before making his decision, the mayor sub- mitted his project to the American Red Cross representative at Rheims, for it was due largely to the latter's assistance that the schoolhouse was completed in time to open for the winter term. - ºf . - The new schoolhouse opened with 140 pupils—all that have returned to their old homes since the armistice. Within a few months it is expected that the number will reach 700, with the return of additional refugee families. - T H E tº croº B U L LET IN \ | w SAVING THE “WILD CHILDREN OF THE URALs” Christmas cheer, the happiness that comes from giving, has been Sud- denly dropped into the laps of the thousands of boys and girls of the Junior Red Cross of the Northwestern Division. Think of being able to play Santa Claus and to convey the Spirit of the glad New Year to several hun- dred sad-eyed, homeless, heart-hun- gry waifs . That unusual Opportunity to serve, to “get busy,” came unex- pectedly to the juniors of Washington, Oregon and Idaho, but with charac- teristic American spirit, the children of the Northwestern Division pounced upon it and within a few days a ship will sail from Seattle bearing a wealth of good cheer to the Petrograd Chil- dren's Refugee Colony at Russian Island. In the hold of that ship will be toys and clothing and books and all the multitude of things which the happy childhood of America knows so well how to give when it sets out to bring sunshine into darkened lives of little folk in less fortunate countries. What a lark it must have been to dip deep into a pile of half-forgotten toys, into nursery treasures that could be shared with others, and, like a real Santa Claus, box them for their long sea journey to those dark-eyed Russian children who are so grateful for all that has been done for them, but who are still so sadly in need of the most elemental necessities. GREAT JUNIOR OPPORTUNITY It was an opportunity for the Jun- iors who are building for a “healthier, happier America and a more united world of today and tomorrow” which possessed an added zest for it was Christmas time; the spirit of giving was in the air and little feet and little fingers flew to assemble and pack the toys and treasures destined to bring So much happiness to the boys and girls of the Children's Colony in frozen Vladivostok, where they are housed in great barracks constructed at Russian Island during the Russo- Japanese war. . - It is one of the greatest works the American Red Cross is doing in Rus- sia today, and the Juniors of the Northwestern Division, through their Santa Claus ship, have solved one of the growing problems of Herbert M. Coulter, Superintendent of the Chil- dren's Colony—that of restoring light- hearted laughter and happiness into the lives of these unfortunate human playthings of cruel war. The toys from the children of Boise, Spokane, comforts and absolute Portland and scores of cities and towns in the Northwestern Division and the warm clothing being rushed to Siberia have given as much pleasure to these American boys and girls in the thrill of the giving as they will bring to the Russian waifs who have not had a toy of their own for the past year or more, and whose only lot in all that time has been suffering and hardship, until the Red Cross and the American Juniors found them, res- cued them and are now working with them in the hope that one of these days they may be restored well and happy to their despairing relatives in Petrograd. - THE “WILD CHILDREN” Associated with these refugee chil- dren from Petrograd are the “Wild Children of the Urals,” those modern Children of Israel whose wanderings have been described heretofore. All are being cared for in the colony at Russian Island. Superintendent Coul- ter, in his letter, which aroused the Junior Red Cross of the Northwestern Division to action, says: “Two days after I reached Vladi- vostok, I was appointed superintendent of the Petrograd Children's Refugee Colony on Russian Island—a group of almost a thousand children and per- Sonnel. I consider this not only the biggest work the American Red Cross is doing in Russia today, but undoubt- edly it will have the widest influence with the Russian people themselves, as well as producing the most lasting benefit to these unfortunate children. “I thought I had seen very touch- ing conditions among our dependent children at home, but it was neces- sary for me to come to Siberia to wit– ness the most pathetic sadness, the most subnormal and undernourished children imaginable. Imagine, if you can, these children of the best type of Russian parents, the educated class, being hurried into trains by the Un- ions of towns around Petrograd, a Society which, fearing they would soon be killed by the Bolsheviks, gathered what money it could and sent the chil- dren under care of teachers and nurse- maids toward the Urals, where they believed food would be cheap and plentiful. From that day to this these children have not heard from their parents.” - As the winter of 1918 came on, their money gave out, food was al- most impossible to procure, the teach- ers deserted many of the children, and it was then that they were rescued by the American Red Cross. After it was found impossible to establish the colony at Omsk, they were placed in four trains, of twenty-two box cars each, and hurried to Vladivostok and transferred to the barrack buildings on Russian Island. As these children were thrust upon the Red Cross with- out a moment of notification, there was not time to make adequate prepara- tion to receive the little wanderers, and the task of making proper pro- vision has been a gigantic one under the discouraging conditions prevailing in Siberia. In writing of what has been done, Superintendent Coulter says, “We have organized a school for the chil- dren under the Russian Educational Committee, only books, maps, etc., are almost unprocurable. If we can find teachers enough among our personnel, it is our intention to teach all of these children English. One is struck by the large number of intelligent faces seen among them, showing that they have come from superior parents. The other day I discovered a boy who had taken a board out of his bed and rigged up on this a complete train with many telegraphic wires, a sema- phor and a station. He had built the whole just from seeing pictures of these things in magazines.” - RED CROSS IS TRUSTEE These are the children for whom the Red Cross Juniors of the North- western Division have so gladly and happily chosen to play Santa Claus this Christmas. Not only have they assembled toys, but they will send clothing to protect the bodies of the little refugees from the biting cold of the Siberian winter. There are 760 of these homeless Russian children, 412 boys and 348 girls, ranging in ages from six to fifteen years. Of the boys one hundred are only thirteen years old (the most impressionable period in a boy's life) and of the girls the great- est number, seventy, are just budding into young womanhood, being fifteen years of age. Of course, the Red Cross is only acting as trustee for the children, it being the hope that sooner or later they may be returned to Petrograd and their relatives there, but they will take back with them an affection and an admiration for Amer- ica and Americans which will survive all the years to come. . The American Red Cross is assist- ing in the inoculation of those living in the districts of Constantinople where pestilence is now raging. The American Red Cross has a large distributing station at Gievres, France. 6 T H E R E CA O S S B U L L E T IN INSTITUTE NETS G00D RESULTS Community Students Return Home From Month’s Practical Study of Facts and Problems The twenty-five “community stu- dents,” representing twelve Divisions, who spent a month at the Institute at National Headquarters, finished their work on December 13. They have returned to enter enthusiastically into the task of helping Red Cross Chapters plan their peace-time pro- grams, on the basis of detailed facts as to the social problems and oppor- tunities of their own communities. Practically all of the six hundred and fifty Chapters which have asked permission to continue their Home Service work would welcome such studies. Many of them are already insistently demanding this help from the Division offices. It was to meet this demand that Miss Margaret F. Byington, Director of the Bureau of Field Service, at National Headquar- ters, invited members of the field staff of the Divisions to come to Wash- ington. Recognizing the serious re- sponsibility resting upon them, these students spent the month in an earnest endeavor to focus on Red Cross pro- cedure the experience and the stand- ards of community study which the most expert social surveyors had to offer, and also to make experiments in the field themselves. At a farewell luncheon they were bidden godspeed by Vice-Chairman W. G. Walling, of the Red Cross Cen- tral Committee; General Manager F. C. Munroe and Assistant General Manager J. L. Fieser. Mr. Walling and Mr. Munroe outlined the Red Cross service which has emerged from war-time experiences, and Mr. Fieser spoke of the new spirit of cooperation and team play which has developed between Red Cross departments. The first two weeks of the Institute were spent in conferences with lead- ers in community study and organiza- tion, concerning such fundamental ele- ments of community life as education, health, recreation, industry, govern- ment and the home. The group then divided into three sections and spent a week in actually conducting studies of Danville and Winchester, Virginia, and Perth Amboy, New Jersey. These communities had invited the Red Cross to help them make a survey, and in each instance local committees assisted in obtaining the facts, so that the communities were made thor- oughly acquainted with the conditions discovered and are well on the way to- wards undertaking a long-time pro- gram of progressive effort. Danville is a growing town of about twenty-five thousand population, with varied interests and a developing so- cial consciousness. visited Winchester surveyed the en- tire county, studying the problems of rural life as presented in a score of crossroad centers. The Perth Amboy study brought that group in touch with a complex industrial situation. After this practical contact with three dif- ferent types of communities, the work- ers spent a final week at Washington developing underlying principles and methods of procedure. The results of the month's study will later be em- bodied in a report to be made use of by all Divisions. The Red Cross is interested in com- munity studies because, in connection with its health, social service and nursing activities, it shares with other local agencies the responsibility for a sound development of the community life; a development which will be made possible only through the cooperation of all social forces. During the war there developed as never before a con- scious desire for community progress. If this progress is to be made perma- nent and effective there is need of a campaign of education as to local con- ditions and problems, and of machin- ery to coordinate and organize exist- ing activities in carrying out a compre- hensive long-term program of work. The Red Cross, as a result of such community studies, may often de- velop not only a program for its own % The group which work, but, also, as at Danville, a com- munity council representing all the municipal and social agencies of the city, which shall focus interest on de- veloping a normal community life. It is only through such a council, or through similar plans for cooperation, that the natural resources will be con- served and the well-being of families and institutions properly safeguarded. These studies may indicate the need for public health measures, for recrea- tional programs, for family welfare and legislation protecting human life. The Red Cross believes that in places which have no adequate social welfare agencies, it may be most helpful in finding a solution for local social prob- lems, and in helping local leaders to awake the community from a state of indifference and complacancy. Communities wishing aid in mak- ing such studies of their conditions should get in touch with the Division office which serves the territory where they are located. The American Red Cross supply depot on the Treitsky Prospekt, Arch- angel, was long the farthest north in American relief activities, but with the start of the American forces for home the Red Cross pushed 20 miles farther north and opened a hut at the embarkation points for the distribution of various comforts for the soldiers. The Junior Red Cross has re- cently made a large contribution to- ward the enlargement of the hospital of Podgoritza, Montenegro. m * | º NEWS OF THE ARRIVAL OF AN A. R. C. RELIEF SHIP HAS JUST REACHED THESE PEOPLE OF A DALMIATIAN COAST THE DOCK TO WELCOME IT. TOWN, AND THEY ARE HURRYING TO T H E R E D C R O S S B U L L E T I N Comfort Bags as Christmas Gifts Bright colored comfort bags, such as used to dangle from every dough- boy's pack as he swung down the “Line,” will be the chief gifts in the first celebration of Christmas in many devastated French villages since 1914. In every Red Cross storehouse in France there are still many of these bags, left over from the immense stock prepared for the American Army. There are bags of plaid, bags with pink stripes, bags of solid greens and reds and bags of khaki with tiny American flags sewed on the sides. They were made and filled by Amer- ican Red Cross Chapters, from Hon- olulu to Augusta, Maine. Their very brightness has suggested Christmas to workers in charge of the warehouses scattered through the devastated areas along the Aisne, the Somme, the Marne and the Meuse. They are to be the principal gifts in many a deso- lated village which has known no Christmas cheer since the war began. Into the bags have been placed many articles, not originally in the soldier's kit, to meet present needs. Each bag will provide for a family in many cases. Most of them will contain a mother's sewing kit or a child’s playthings. Toothbrushes will also be distributed among the children. There are safety razors for the men and combs and brushes for the neg- lected locks of many a youngster. The cans of talcum powder, originally intended to soothe the stubby chins of doughboys after trench shaves, will be given to the young women who have known no little feminine vanities in five long years. Continues Hospital Program (Continued from page 1) The conference was called by Gen- eral Haan to discuss the new edu- cation and recreation program for the Army, which was instituted the first of November when the War Depart- ment took over the functions of the seven affiliated welfare organizations. The American Red Cross was re- quested to send representatives to the conference because of the fact that the work of the Red Cross is so closely allied with the War Department Edu- cation and Recreation program, Red Cross work in the camps being under the supervision of the War Plans Di- vision as well as the Surgeon Gen- eral’s Office. The Red Cross officials attending, accordingly, were: Col. H. R. Fardwell, Director General of the Department of Military Relief; Wil- bur F. Maxwell, Associate Director, Camp Service, in charge of Home Service; George A. Sloan, Associate § CANTEEN AND DISTRIBUTING STATION OF A. R. C. AT STONICI, ROUMANIA, WHERE HUNDREADS OF O LID PEOPLE AND CHILDREN RECEIVE AID Director in charge of recreation in Army hospitals, representing National Headquarters; directors of military re- lief from virtually all Red Cross Di- visions, and field directors from sev- eral large general hospitals. The Red Cross delegation arrived on the second day of the Education and Recreation conference, and im- mediately went into a special Red Cross conference in order to prepare for the joint session with the Army officials on December 11. Camp activ- ities were under discussion on the ad- dresses by the Army officers and out- line of the Red Cross program was presented by Colonel Fardwell, Mr. Maxwell and Mr. Sloan. During the conference the Red Cross delegates were the guests of Maj. Gen. Charles Summerall, com- manding general at Camp Taylor, and were located at the Officers’ Club. More Officers to Russia Fourteen American Red Cross offi- cers have recently gone from Paris to western Russia, to be stationed at Riga and Reval, reinforcing the staff al- ready there. They are Major Robert Davis, Englewood, N. J.; Capt. Merle Lavoy, Seattle, Wash.; Lieutenant H. F. H. Peterson, Portland, Me. ; Lieu- tenant Resser H. Bridwell, Toomsboro, Ga.; Lieutenant Harold T. Clark, Champaign, Ill., Capt. J. F. Brown, New York; ; Lieut. Fred. J. Riler, Farrington, Conn.; Lieutenant Joseph Zak, Chicago; Lieut. L. M. Fos- ter, New York; Lieut. W. Kay, Lon- don; Lieut. W. E. McCaffery, Cam- bridge, Mass.; Lieut. L. E. L'Hom- medieu, Norwalk, Conn.; Lieut. N. A. Sweet, Los Angeles, Cal. These additional officers were re- quested by Lieut. Col. Edward Ryan, of Scranton, Pa., who is in charge of the Baltic Commission of the Red Cross. Colonel Ryan already had forty-five men at Riga. Three steam- ships, carrying about 7,000 tons of hospital supplies, are on their way to the Baltic bases of the American Red Cross. Leper Colony Sends Thanks A colony of lepers, practically buried alive in Tarafangana, Madagascar, as a consequence of their terrible disease, pay testimony to the relief extended by the American Red Cross, in a let- ter received recently. The message, which had been over two months in transmission, follows: “We are in receipt today, Septem- ber 4, of the case of quinine which you had the goodness to send us. We hasten to express our deepest grati- tude for your generous gift. Our bearts are filled with prayers of grati- tude to the Good God, who has come so providentially through the Amer- ican Red Cross, giving us help in time, when the shortage of supplies was hampering our work of charity, in this poor mission of Tarafangana.” The letter is signed by Sister Louise, a sister of charity who is doing re- lief work in the leper colony. T H E R E D C R O S S B U L LET IN ‘. Flood Victims Aided A. special Red Cross relief train, chartered and organized at Southern Division Headquarters, in Atlanta, proved a god-send to flood victims at West Point, Ga., a town of 5,000 pop- ulation, which was completely sub- merged by the Chattahoochee River. The call for relief reached Division Headquarters at 11 o'clock, Wednes- day morning, and in two hours, as soon as the rail administration could assemble it, the train was on its way, carrying filtered water in three big tanks, two Army trucks and a Red Cross truck, candles, lanterns, gas, oil, rubber boots, blankets, socks, pajamas and other articles requested. The train met exactly the needs of the situation. There was plenty of food, but the West Point water, light and telephone systems were destroyed, and the people, with a shortage of can- dles, were shivering in wet garments around bonfires, going thirsty or else drinking the muddy and unsanitary river water and trying to get things organized, when the relief train, mak- ing a record run from Atlanta, reached West Point, Wednesday night. Joseph C. Logan, Director of Civil- ian Relief for the Southern Division, cooperated with the townspeople in organizing a central committee of citi- zens, through which all supplies went and all needs were met. All night Wednesday, all day Thursday, all night Thursday, and again Friday the citi- zens and Red Cross workers toiled un- til they got the situation thoroughly in hand. Two state health officers, brought at the instance of the Red Cross on the relief train, chlorinated all water, and it was distributed by means of the trucks and the water tanks. A Red Cross nurse and two relief workers organized the women; candles and lanterns were furnished where needed; blankets and warm clothes were given to people who were marooned in buildings and brought ashore in Small boats, and other as- sistance was rendered wherever it was necessary. No lives were lost in the flood, and, while the property damage is estimated at more than $1,000,000, no one has fallen sick from exposure, and suffer- ing has been entirely abated, thanks in large part to the relief train and the Red Cross. “A Voice from the Wilderness” & & ‘A voice from the wilderness,’ would best describe this missive,” writes a Red Cross Public Health Nurse now in a remote little commu- nity forty miles from a railroad, “for l the snuff-box. & mine is all pioneer work, and my great- est difficulty is to break down the fear which some of my people have for a nurse, and especially a public health O1162. “Practically all the women of one community dipped snuff. They watched me with suspicious eyes when T visited their homes, but I pretended I never saw their hands slipping into that ever-present, little brown box. After we became better acqainted, sev- eral of the women asked me frankly if snuff really was bad for the health. As there was to be a school entertain- ment in the near future at which I had been asked to give a health lec- ture, I told them I would explain, in that talk, the really injurious effect which snuff had. During the meet- ing I noticed that, as my talk pro- gressed, they gave their attention to me with far fewer interruptions for Many of them have since stopped dipping snuff entirely. “In a neighboring community,” she adds, “a report ran from house to house that I was going to undress the youngsters at school, and examine them before the class. Gradually the school attendance began to diminish. I did not even attempt to give the examination until I had called on the mothers and told them the nature of the work, and the method of doing it. But just as soon as I have won their confidence through bedside nursing, or weighing the baby—for there is noth- ing like a pair of Scales and a youngster to bring mother and nurse together— I find that their cooperation and trust is almost unlimited; and some day per- haps I shall wake up to find the things we have been dreaming about and working for, accomplished, just as the Beanstalk grew up overnight—only the riches I’m hunting for my district are the strength and happiness which come only through good health.” Far-Away “Home Service” If the American Red Cross had not sent a commission to Montenegro, Ivan Vyosovich, of Montenegro, and Thermopolis, Wyoming, U. S. A., would still be one of those unlucky Serbian volunteers forced to remain in Serbia because he had no passage money. Ivan came originally from a stone hut in the mountains above Podgoritza, but an uncle in America was the rea- son for his attempting the big adven- ture. Like most Serbs and Monte- negrins who emigrate to America, he went West to the mountains, so like the barren rocks of his own country, but very different in the precious metals they produce. Ivan was water boy, donkey driver and oiler for a mine engine, finally graduating to the position of engi- neer’s assistant. There was a tidy bank account of $3,659.45 written against the name of Ivan Vyosovich in the Wyoming bank. Then came the war and the call for Serbian volunteers. Ivan remembered he was a Serb and a Montenegrin be- fore he was an American, and he sailed from Quebec with the first six volunteers for the Serbian army. Four years later he came into the Red Cross Headquarters at Podgoritza, a stocky figure in the ill-fitting Serbian khaki, speaking the rapid colloquial English of the mining country. . He had no money. He had walked from Belgrade on being demobilized and he wanted to go home. Could the Red Cross help him? The Red Cross turned him over to the Home Service section and the wheels began to go around. The thing was to get Ivan some money of his own from the bank of Thermopolis, Wyo. Ivan wrote an order for one thousand dol- lars, payable to the American Red Cross in Thermopolis. The Red Cross in Podgoritza wrote to the bank. Ivan walked around the market place and waited. In exactly six weeks the director of the American Red Cross called Ivan into the office and paid him the equiv- alent of one thousand dollars in Montenegrin kronen. It was a sim- ple transaction. Ivan came out of the office a rich man, with his way clear to America. - * Preparedness for Disaster (Continued from page 1) ments have been made with public officials looking toward the utilization of the Red Cross in case of disaster? At the Division offices surveys will be undertaken of the disaster re- sources in the Division territory, not only by compiling the survey reports of individual Chapters, upon their preparedness plans and resources, but by taking into account, particularly, those resources of supplies, personnel, state and National Guard equipment, Red Cross supplies in Division store- houses, trained workers and other types of resources which would not usually be reported by the Chapters but which should be part of a Divi- sion plan. Provision will thus be . made for prompt action in major dis- asters, where local resources are in- adequate, and in those calamities which so frequently occur in small, out-of-the-way places, where little or nothing in the way of resources is to be found.