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A PP E N D IX.
The following statistics on the value of the products of manufactures in
Missouri do not properly belong to this report, but are published herewith,
by consent of the author, as containing valuable information; they will be
found very interesting and will repay a careful perusal.
INDUSTRIAL INTERESTs OF MISSOURI.
IE HELIMINALERY REE’OERT
ON TIME
ANNUAL Yalue OF Manufactures.
|B Y H E N R. Y CO B B .
—-
A full view of the exact annual value of the productions of man-
ufacture in Missouri would be interesting and profitable to the busi-
ness men of St. Louis, as also to the people of the State and to the
National Government.
The precise condition of this department of industry can not,
however, be seen, even by the aid, every ten years, of the United
States Census, as this authority, though the highest and best at its
specific dates, depends on the practically vague estimates of thous-
ands of producers, and on the liabilities of the various officers
occasionally to omit important facts and to commit grave errors—
they themselves perhaps being, at the same time, capable and
faithful beyond the average of mankind.
An instance of manifest and serious error in this authority occurs
in the statement of the production of mineral Coal in Missouri,
made in the Preliminary Report of the Eighth Census, page 173.
The report states, in tabular form, that the production in Missouri
during the year ending June 1st, 1860, was, “Coal, bituminous,
97,000 bushels, value $8,200”; whereas it is the fact that the amount
of bituminous Coal produced in St. Louis county alone, in 1855,
was 10,800,000 bushels, at 10} cents a bushel—total value for the
year, $1,134,000; of which fact ample testimony was furnished by
coal dealers to the conductors of the Western Journal and Civilian
at the time; and the further fact is plain and proved by irresistible
iy APPENDIX.
evidence, that the amount of mineral Coal produced in Missouri
during the year ending June 30th, 1866, on which the tax was paid
to the United States, was 102,5883 tons, being 2,564,712 bushels—
value, $307,765.50. From these facts and others well known to
producers, dealers, and consumers of Coal in St. Louis county in
1860, an error in the Eighth Census of at least 5,000,000 bushels and
of at least $500,000 was made, against the credit side of the account
of the annual production of mineral Coal in Missouri—St. Louis
Coal having been entirely ignored by the census of 1860.
This case is stated here partly to show the liability of high
human authority to err, and also particularly to vindicate the
truth of history touching the production of Missouri Coal, as the
State Geologist has reported the quantity of it imbedded under the
soil at more than 26,000 square miles, averaging at least five feet in
thickness, and as this Coal thus seems prepared and destined to be
the main source of manufacturing power, to furnish Missourians
hundreds of millions of wealth annually for centuries.
The consumption of Coal in Missouri is increasing, while, from
the evidence presented, the production is decreasing—the chief
supply being furnished by the greater enterprise, capital, and in-
dustry directed into the Illinois coal mines, which, from their de-
velopment, reputation, and facility of access, are now yielding nearly
all the fuel used for domestic and manufacturing purposes in St.
Touis. o
This Coal question, although technically belonging to the depart-
ment of mining, instead of manufactures, bears such a close and
impulsive relation to nearly every atom of manufactures, that the
notice taken of it thus incidentally in this preliminary way may
not only be justified, but, on account of the additional considera-
tions of the vast quantity of Coal discovered in Missouri and the
sad ignorance of its various quality, this Coal question should be
pressed upon the public mind, until the Legislature of Missouri
will be induced to furnish light on the subject, by providing for
analyses of hundreds of specimens from different parts of the
State and a publication of the results.
St. Louis has aided the development of Illinois Coal from near
Springfield, in Sangamon county, to Big Muddy, in Jackson county,
by furnishing a few thousand dollars to secure an experiment in the
manufacture of iron at the furnace in Carondelet, by mineral Coal
of Illinois, in the year 1868, which experiment has resulted in a
APPENDIX. W.
eomplete success, has given a new impulse to the iron business of
Missouri, and has already directed additional hundreds of thousands
of dollars to the investment in furnaces and iron works in Jeffer-
son and St. Louis counties; which movements tend toward the
fulfillment of the estimate made by me on the 22d of July, 1868,
based on facts of positive resources and present and prospective
demands, that the production of iron in Missouri would, during the
present generation, reach the annual value of $50,000,000.
When I was appointed on the 7th of September, 1868, to answer
the second interrogatory of the Commissioner of the General Land
Office in Washington, of Sept. 2d—the question being: “What is
the annual value produced by skilled labor in the different branches
of manufactures devoted to the development of secondary values
in the raw material by mechanical and chemical process”—and
knew that the only authority on the subject was the United States
census of 1860, an ordinary resort would be to indulge in a figura-
tive speculation on the effects of the civil War in damaging, and
the restoration of peace in promoting, the prosperity of this indus-
try in Missouri, effecting changes from the condition in which it
was presented before the war. *
But every production of the heart, head, and hand of man has
its own laws, by which it is to be considered. Religion, philoso-
phy, art, science, literature, politics, business: all have their sys-
tems and methods of operation.
“The poet’s eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven,
And as imagination bodies forth io
The forms of things unknown, the poet’s pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name.”
It is right and interesting to allow a healthy and vigorous imagi-
nation to play with flywers of speech in fields of poetry, rhetoric,
belles-lettres, etc.; and such an imagination deserves its reward
when it fulfills its duty in its own sphere—refining the taste and
cultivating the spirit for the life above the material world—raising
the soul of man from the dust of earth to the ether of the stars,
and with the kindred and divine accompaniment of music, intui-
tion, philosophy, and Christianity, securing eternal mansions
through genuine, prayerful, emotional, intellectual, and vital reli-
gion, and inspiring and consoling both body and mind with a sen-
Vi APPENDIX.
sible realization of the will of the Almighty Father, and a good
and practical idea of His kingdom of heaven on earth.
But the statement of the annual value of productions of manu-
facture means business statistics; and when these appear they
should be presented according to the laws of the exact sciences.
|Under a law in relation to statistics, passed by the Legislature
of Missouri and approved March 20, 1866, the commissioner has
made two reports. The law imposed the duty on each county,
city, or town assessor to report the result of information in detail
to the Commissioner, embracing, among other things, the articles
manufactured, and the quantity and value of the same ; but the
provisions were so imperfect that only 10 out of 114 counties
responded the first year, 1866. The report of the second year,
1867, showed no productions of manufacture outside of St. Louis
county, except coal, iron, lead, and copper, and credited 990 tons
of iron and 428 tons of lead to the rich agricultural county of Mis-
sissippi, opposite the mouth of the Ohio river, which county has no
lead or iron furnace in its limits.
The elaborate and valuable tables, representing the immense and
varied productions of St. Louis county, appear in the report, with
a minute detail of a splendid array of figures. The value of about
one hundred branches of manufacture are summed up at $41,625,457;
number of employes at 9,532, and annual cost at $7,617,904. Yet
even this interesting and admirable table is marred by the remarks
of “No RETURN” from the Bogy Nail Mill, which paid a tax of
$16,490.34 on a returned annual value of sales of its productions,
amounting to $274,839, to the United States, for the year ending
June 30, 1866–4. No RETURN" from two rolling mills which produce
about a million dollars in value annually—and by the further
unfortunate statement that the pro fuction of the St. Louis Gas
Works was 6,000,000 cubic feet, value $100,000, when it was the fact
that the production was 221,119,403 cubic feet, value $995,037.31,
as app wars from the records of the office of the company, for the
same year, 1867.
The Report of the Commissioner of Statistics of Missouri, with
its large amount of valuable information and argument on climat-
ology and social and other statistics, could not, therefore, owing
mainly to the imperfections of the law, furnish the exact facts, or
present a solid basis, on which a full report on the manufactures of
Missouri could be made.
APPENDIX. t Wii
The excise tax laws of the United States and the reports of the
Commissioner of Internal Revenue on manufactures and produc-
tions were examined and thoroughly investigated. These laws are
intricate, sometimes discriminating with impracticable nicety, and
at other times grouping articles together with a confused variety.
They were frequently modified—imposing, reducing, removing, and
otherwise changing a rate of tax on specific productions, adding
Some and omitting others; and they seem neither framed nor exe-
cuted with the intention, as might easily and with great advantage
have been done, to show the value of productions in the final re-
Sults and reports of the years; so that, generally, obstacles almost,
insurmountable were in the way, preventing one from gaining accu-
rate deductions of the value of the articles taxed. But, fortunately
for the investigator of the subject of manufactures, in the report of
1866, the chief obstacles disappeared, and the most numerous
Schedule of articles was embraced.
The Commissioner states that, “with the single exception of
the relief of Paraffine Oil and crude Petroleum from tax by the
joint resolution of May 9, 1866, the receipts of the last fiscal year
were from the law as amended by the act of March, 1865. For
the first time, therefore, in the history of the office, the tabular
statements comprised in its annual report substantially exhibit the
proceeds, from various sources, of statutes existing through an
entire year.”
Here an opportunity was offered to work out the problem of the
annual value of all specified articles on which an ad valorem tax
was paid, with mathematical precision, and, with the same accu-
racy, to determine the annual quantity of all specified articles on
which a specific tax was paid, leaving the question of value of
articles in the latter class to be determined by the average value
during the year; which last order of facts, when gained, would
serve as a key to solve the last difficulty, and thus a self-proving
table of productions of manufacture is presented, fixed on one of
the firmest principles of conscious truth, that the producer will not
pay more tax than the law requires, and further commanding the
strongest confidence, by the scientific and plain deduction of the
results realized: an exact value of the products on which tax was
paid. -
The branches of business represented, and the divisions and
classifications of articles enumerated, amount to over one hundred,
Wiii APPENDIX.
the list of specifications being 146, of which 108 yielded results;
and the total value of the manufactures and productions on which
tax was paid in Missouri, during the year ending with June, 1866,
by the table thus prepared, is shown to be $41,666,652.91.
But, by the law, the tax was imposed only on sales of the pro-
ductions, and, in certain cases, one thousand dollars of sales of pro-
ductions by individual manufacturers were exempted from tax; and,
although the producers of Missouri and the revenue officers over
them may have fulfilled their duty to the Government as faithfully
as it was generally done by other producers and revenue officers of
the United States; yet it is reasonable to suppose, and abundance
of incontestible evidence in the United States Courts corroborates
the fact, that often large amounts of production that should, did
not appear in the revenue books.
As an illustration of incidental exemptions, take, for instance, the
business of boots and shoes. One may see, in the revenue report
of 1866, that producers of Missouri in this branch of business paid
the United States $27,854.79, at 6 per cent. on the value of sales of
their productions for that year. By simple arithmetical deduc-
tion, it is manifest that the value of the boots and shoes on which
the tax was paid in the State was $464,246.50. The tax paid by
St. Louis on this branch was $17,562.72, and the value of these St.
Louis productions was, therefore, exactly $292,712.
But the law allowed to every manufacturer exclusively engaged
in making custom work of boots and shoes and other personal
clothing, an exemption of $1,000 value of productions without tax;
and the books of the United States Assessor in St. Louis exhibit
208 boot and shoe manufacturers who paid tax in 1866, while the
Assistants report that to about 140 of these this provision of the
law was applied. It is thus seen that $140,000 must be added to
the above value of production. And this provision of the law must
have been applied also to nearly 200 producers who were not required
to pay any tax on their $1,000 of productions. At the most moder-
ate estimate, derived from the best sources, this number in St. Louis
cannot be less than 160; which number, producing $1,000 a year,
would raise the total value of boots and shoes produced in St. Louis
that year to $592,712; while the unreported productions of boots
and shoes throughout the State, on account of the vastly greater pro-
portion of small producers in the rural districts, would swell the
amount to millions.
APPENDIX. ix
Yet, at the same time, it can be proved almost as plainly as a
mathematical demonstration, and at least as clearly as the necessity
of boots and shoes for every man, woman and child in the land, that
$10,000,000 yearly are drained out of the State, to purchase supplies
demanded in this branch of business for the use and absolute neces.
sity of the people.
|Prom this illustration of the boot and shoe business—which
comes home near to the understanding and sense of everybody, and
the attention to which has been most mysteriously neglected by the
large leather producers, landlords and capitalists of the State—an
idea may be gained of the validity of the data and of the principles
of the plan employed to reach the lowest estimate that can be
allowed for the annual value desired; and a strong conviction may
be felt that a liberal rate per cent. should be added to the results
furnished by this method, in order to realize more surely the absolute
facts.
The adjustment of the rates of the additional estimates to the
values of the various articles enumerated, so as to build up over the
ramparts here established, a thoroughly finished and impregnable
fortress of statistics, that will secure and command the implicit con-
fidence of statesmen and historians, may probably be more difficult
than the work already done.
As in the vitally necessary boot and shoe business, so also in a
great variety of other departments, particularly that substantial and
complicated one of iron, in the essential and bulky ones of lumber,
flour, pork and bacon, which latter, with a few other articles, were
exempted from the tax, and which will add more than 75 per cent.
to the values herewith exhibited, large amounts of materials have
been amassed useful for that end, and it is believed that it is possible
with certain amendments on the plan here employed, to represent the
value of productions of manufactures in Missouri for the year 1866,
in final results, truer than those of the United States census of 1860.
From the facts proved by this process, that tax was paid on $41,-
666,652 value of manufactures—from a careful investigation of the
productions and the estimates of various leading producers and
dealers in the two articles of lumber and flour, finding that the
annual value of these productions by Missouri, in 1866, was as fol-
lows:—Lumber, $6,795,000; Flour, $18,002,600,—from the evidence
gained, indicating the value of other articles of manufacture pro-
duced, which were exempt from duty in whole or in part, the amount
X. APPENDIX.
of which cannot yet be precisely estimated, and also of those articles
which by the defects of the law, or of its execution, did not appear in
full in the schedules:—from all these premises a reasonable approxi-
mation to the facts involved in the second interrogatory of the Com-
missioner of the General Land Office may be reached; and as an
approximate estimate it may be now stated that the annual value of
productions of manufacture in Missouri, in 1866, was $87,000,000,
being more than 100 per cent. increase over the statement of the
United States census of 1860, which was only $41,781,651.
For the information and courtesy they have exhibited, my thanks
are due and cordially given to numerous manufacturers in the light
as well as in the leading branches of the business, also to many
enterprising and liberal-minded merchants who favor domestic pro-
ductions; likewise to the principals and assistants in the Offices of
Assessors of the United States and of the county of St. Louis; and
I am most especially indebted to Mr. Henry C. Baker for the execu-
tion of the elaborate calculations in the table of manufactures and
productions herewith presented and respectfully submitted.
<>
SUPPLEMENT.”
A condensed comparative statement of the annual value of some
of the manufactured products of Missouri, contrasting the products
stated in the United States census of 1860, with the products on
which United States tax was paid in 1866, and showing the founda-
tion and a portion of the materials on which the total estimate of
their annual value, for the latter year, is formed.
STATISTICS OF BARYTES.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860........................ No statement.
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866...................... $ 78,918 05
STATISTICS OF CLOTHING.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 959,072 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866....................... 1,656,445 38
STATISTICS OF COAL, BITUMINOUS.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According,to U. S. census in 1860......................... $ 8,200 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866....................... 307,765 50
*
STATISTICS OF I) ISTITLLED SPIRITS.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOUR.I.
According to U. S. census in 1860......... .............. $ 352,193 00
According to U.S. tax paid in 1866............ .... .... 1,091,040 75
*Instead of the publication here of the scheduled system of the elaborate calculations
and the mass of other details submitted with the Report, this Supplement is Substituted.
xii - A [?].” ENI) IX.
STATISTICS OF FERMENTED LIQUORS.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860........................ $ 1,403,350 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866............ ... ..... 3,396,207 93
STATISTICS OF FURNITURE AND WOODEN WARE.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860.... ... * f e º 'º gº is tº gº e g º e º & © $ 859,753 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866.......... ... ... ... 2,190,785 33
STATISTICS OF GAS.
ANNUAL VALUE Jº RODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860 .................... .. $ 452,106 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866..... .......... ..... 684,572 62
STATISTICS OF TRON,
Including pig, bar, cast, stoves, steam engines and machinery, etc.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860........ * * * * * * * * * * * g is tº $ 2,871,020 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866...................... 5,289,762 00
STATISTICS OF LEAD.
Including Ingots, pigs or bars, sheets, pipes, shot, and white lead.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860........................ $ 481,500 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866...................... 1,673,714 10
STATISTICS OF LEATHER.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860....... - e. e. e. e. e s = e e º a e º 'º º & $ 449,649 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866...................... 1,910,262 00
APPENDIX. xiii
STATISTICS OF OILS,
Including castor, coal, cotton-seed, essential, lard, linseed, and mustard
Seed, etc.
ANNUAL WALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOUR.I.
According to U. S. census in 1860........................ $ 384,500 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866...................... 1,382,239 20
STATISTICS OF SOAP AND CANDTIES.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census, in 1860........................ $1,659,380 60
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866..................... 1,859,559 62
STATISTICS OF SUGAR, REFINED.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURT.
According to U. S. Census in 1860......................... $1,800,000 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866....................... 3,211,782 00
STATISTICS OF TOBACCO.
Including cigars, cigarettes, snuff, cavendish, plug and twist, smoking,
fine-cut chewing, hand twist, etc.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSO URI.
*
According to U. S. Census in 1860,....................... $2,021,922 00
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866..................... 3,711,090 64
STATISTICS OF WINE.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOUR.I.
According to U. S. census in 1860........................ No statement.
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866........ ............ $188,729 75
STATISTICS OF UNSPECIFIED ARTICLES,
Being described in the Internal Revenue Report as “Materials not
otherwise provided for.”
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860. ........................ No statement.
According to U. S. tax paid in 1866.................. .... $ 3,018,507 66
xiv. APPENDIX.
The following leading products of manufacture in Missouri, not
included with the above mentioned in the internal revenue tax law,
are approximately estimated from numerous sources, and statistics
furnished by various producers and many of the most intelligent
heavy dealers in the articles specified:
STATISTICS OF FILOUR AND MEAL.
ANNTIAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860.................... .... $9,484,344 00
According to minute estimate, in 1866.................. 18,002,600 00
STATISTICS OF LUMBER.
ANNUAT, VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. Census in 1860,...................... , $3,074,226 00
According to minute estimate, in 1866.................. 6,795,000 00
STATISTICS OF PROVISIONS.–BEEF, PORK, ETC.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U. S. census in 1860........................ $1,712,494 00
According to minute estimate, in 1866.................. *7,292,535 00
STATISTICS OF TOTAL MANUFACTURES.
ANNUAL VALUE PRODUCED IN MISSOURI.
According to U.S. census in 1860.….. .......541,781,651 00
According to U. S. tax paid and approximate esti-
mate in 1866........................................ ....... 87,000,000 00
sº
* The annual value of products of ‘‘Provisions’’ manufactured in Missouri, in 1866, as
herein stated, though in bold and striking contrast with the statement in the U. S. census
of 1830, is in reality much greater than reported, as, among other things, the bulk, dry
salted and partly cured provisions received at St Louis from other States by railroad and
river, re-inal) uſalettured and thus enhanced' in value—some of them 20 per cent.—by St.
Louis packers, are not included in the foregoing estimate, but which, iſ added to the full
amount of provisions manufactured in Missouri, would increase the total annual value for
the year ending June 30th, 1866, to ($10,000,000) ten million dollars, according to the
opinion of Messi's IXercheval & Son, to whom, and also to Mr. D. S. Crosby, the author
is under special obligations 10r minute calculations and cordial and skillful aid in forming
the Estimate on Provisions.
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