( ) (), THE NEBRASKA "* STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY ITS HISTORY FOR THE FIRST ONE. THIRD OF A CENTURY A. S. v. MANSFELDE, M. D., ASH LAND, NEB., H. WINNETT ORR. M. D., LINCOLN, NEB. ºr - REPRINTED FROM WESTERN MEDICAL REVIEW LINCOLN, NEBRASKA MAY, IQO2 - - º THE NIEBRASKA STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY: ITS HISTORY FOR THE FIRST ONE-THIRI) OF A CENTURY. By A. S. v. MANSFELDE, M. D., AshLAND, AND H. WINNETT ORR, M. D., LINcoln. When any important movement is started or under- taking begun a record of its progress should be care- fully kept. This is true especially if an organization is formed which has in view any philanthropic or scientific accomplishment. Even now, after only thirty- three years have passed, it is almost impossible to trace R. R. LIVINGSTON. J. H. PEABODY. the exact steps by which the Nebraska State Medical Society was organized and by which it has been con- tinued. The first records show that at a gathering of a few physicians in the office of Dr. S. D. Mercer of Omaha it was urged that steps be taken to organize a state society. There had before this time been some corre. spondence in regard to the matter, especially with Dr. R. R. Livingston of Plattsmouth. At this time, how- ever, a meeting was called of all Nebraska physicians who could attend, to discuss the plan. On May 11, 1868, as a result of this call, there came together at the office of Dr. J. H. Peabody, in Omaha, the following members of the profession : Drs. G. C. Monell, James H. Peabody, J. C. Denise, H. P. Mathewson and S. D. Mercer, R. R. Livingston, J. Black and F. B. Reed, D. Whitinger, N. B. Larsh and F. Renner, J. P. Andrews and August Roeder. Finding themselves to be the unlucky thirteen in number, they overcame that diſſi- culty by creating the officiating clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Westwood of Omaha, a member. These fourteen men, who represented not over sixty regular physicians in a population of about 60,000 in the state of Ne- º R. C. MOORE. F. D. HALDEMAN. braska, were the beginning of the mighty host whose labors of love and earnest devotion to their calling have built the magnificent society now numbering over four hundred members, from whom have sprung medical writers, editors, surgeons, physicians and teachers not excelled anywhere in our great country. Dr. G. C. Monell of Omaha was elected chairman of this meeting, and Dr. R. R. Livingston of Plattsmouth, secretary. The following resolution was adopted : Whereas, Fraternal association in all departments of science is ever productive of the happiest results; and Whereas, The promotion of medical knowledge, its hu- mane applications, benign influence and exalted philanthropy demand the fraternization of the medical men of Nebraska: Therefore, be it Resolved, That in the opinion of this convention it is expedient and necessary that a State Medical Society be organized for the state of Nebraska. On further motion Drs. Livingston of Cass, Roeder and Eddy of Douglas, and Andrews of Washington counties, were elected a committee to draft a consti- 3 tntion and by-laws. It was directed that the following circular be printed and forwarded to the profession throughout the state: CIRCULAR. To the Members of the Medical Profession in the state of Nebraska: Your professional brethren in convention assembled, having under advisement the promotion of med- icine and surgery and the branches of science allied there- with, and judging from the favorable influence exerted to this end by the organization of county and state medical societies in the older states, would, through this circular, urge upon you the propriety of organizing county medical societies in your respective counties without delay. By this course we believe you will materially assist the cultivation of the science of medicine, the advancement of the char- J. E. SUMMERS, J.R. VICTOR. H. COFFMAN. acter and honor of the profession, the elevation of the standard of medical education and promotion of the public health, while at the same time you will secure mutual im- provement in medical knowledge and a more intimate social intercourse. To advance the interests and increase the use- fulness of the profession should ever be our object; we therefore confidently appeal to you for aid in this good work by the immediate organization of county medical so- cieties. We would ask that you elect three delegates from every county society to attend an adjourned meeting of the State Medical Convention, which will convene at Omaha, Neb., at 2 o'clock P. M., on Wednesday, the 24th day of June next, 1868, at which time a constitution and by-laws will be sub- mitted and the organization of a State Medical Society per ſected. G. C. MoMELL, M. D., R. R. LIVINGSTON, Secretary. Chairman of Convention. In answer to this call ten of the original thirteen physicians and the Rev. Dr. Westwood, present at the preliminary meeting, met at Good Templars Hall, Omaha, Neb., June 24, with Dr. G. C. Monell in the chair and Dr. R. R. Livingston as secretary. 4 Drs. R. R. Livingston and J. H. Peabody were ap- pointed a committee on credentials, who reported as present and entitled to a seat in the convention Drs. G. C. Monell, J. H. Peabody, J. C. Denise, H. P. Mathewson, S. D. Mercer, R. R. Livingston, D. Whit- inger and August Roeder. These men gave due con- sideration to the proposed constitution and by-laws, both as a whole and by sections, adopted the same, and signed it as charter members. Preliminary to the adoption of the constitution and by-laws the following declaration was made, and is made a part of this short history as an assertion that no constitution or modified form of such can ever be adopted by the medical profession of the state of Ne- braska without precedence being given to this: T’REAMIBILIE. Whereas, The medical convention held in the city of Omaha, Neb., on the 11th day of May, 1868, has declared it expedient to institute a State Medical Society, and inasmuch as an institution organized and conducted so as to give fre- quent, united and emphatic expression to the views and aims of the medical profession in this state must at all times have a beneficial influence and supply more efficient means than have hitherto been available here for culti- vating and advancing medical knowledge, for elevating the standard of medical education, for promoting the useful- ness, honor and interest of the medical profession, for en- lightening and directing public opinion, in regard to the duties, responsibilities and the requirements of medical men, for exciting and encouraging emulation and concert of ac- tion in the profession and for facilitating and fostering friendly intercourse between those who are engaged in it: Therefore, be it, - Tesolved. In behalf of the medical convention of the state of Nebraska, That the members of the medical Con- vention held at Omaha on the 11th day of May, 1868, and all others who, in the pursuit of objects above mentioned, are to unite with, or succeed them, constitute themselves a State Medical Society, and that for the permanent organi- zation and management of the same they do hereby adopt the following regulations: - T. TITLE OF THE SOCIETY. Section 1. This institution shall be known and distin. guished by the name, style, and title of the Nebraska State Medical Society. Immediately after the adoption of the constitution and by-laws the first officers were elected. All of these officers except one, Dr. S. D. Mercer (recording secre- tary), and all of the charter members, except two, Drs. Mercer and Peabody, have gone from among us to a 5 cºuntry where the God of Creation may proclaim, as was quoted in the first presidential address by Dr. Peabody, Then give place to the physician, for the Lord has created him. Let him not go from thee, for thou hast need of him. At the evening meeting the following physicians were elected to permanent membership : Drs. J. P. Peck, R. C. Moore, V. H. Coffman, J. N. Rippey, H. Miller, J. Black and F. B. Reed, D. H. Hershey, W. H. Hess, A. Bowen, J. C. Campbell, F. Renner and S. L. Gant. These were charter members, but being absent from this meeting were elected to permanent member- ship instead. Of these twenty-three physicians—the membership of the first meeting of the Nebraska State Medical So- ciety, Drs. Peabody, Mercer, Moore and Coffman, all E. W. WHITTEN. MILTON LAN.E. of Omaha, are the only survivors. All of these have been presidents of the society. Dr. Mercer was perma- ment secretary and Dr. Moore treasurer for a number of years. They served with great credit to themselves and profit to the society. All but Dr. Mercer are still in full membership, having been so continuously for thirty-four years. Dr. J. H. Peabody was the first to represent the Nebraska State Medical Society as a dele- gate on the floor of the American Medical Association which he did at Washington, D. C., May 3, 1870,-- “and so little was the great state known at that time the clerk of the convention wrote on my admission ticket, Dr. J. H. Peabody, of Nebrasky.” (From pri- vate correspondence with Dr. P.) 6 An important feature presents itself all through the proceedings of our State Medical Society. This is the fundamental proposition that all membership in the society should emanate from the county society, its members coming into permanent relation to the state society by coming in the capacity of delegates from this county society. Even at the first meeting a com- mittee was appointed to prepare a charter for county society by coming in the capacity of delegates from at its second meeting a form, submitted by the chair- man, Dr. Victor H. Coffman, was adopted. This was thirty-three years ago, and the importance of the meas- ure was urged and re-urged until now the American Medical Association, by which body such a movement should have long since been inaugurated, has taken the important step of formulating into a law this axiom : That all membership shall originate with the county society and that loss of this means loss of affiliation with the state society and the American Medical Asso- ciation. Another matter of the greatest importance to the early life of the Nebraska State Medical Society was the constitutional provision that membership must be attained by unanimous vote of the society. This seems stringent, and yet during the many years of its existence the rule has not been misused by any member of the society; and in spite of its apparent stringency and the great care always given by the committee on credentials to the investigation of claims to member- ship, several worthless characters have procured mem- bership, one or two even without a diploma. It is likely, however, that they have long since passed out of membership. At the second meeting the first section report was presented. This was on Surgery and was signed by T)rs. Mercer and Larsh, and fully sustains the high reputation both these members enjoyed as surgeons of learning, of dexterity of hand and of good judgment. The first call for an obituary notice and resolutions of condolence and respect fell to the lot of one of the charter members, Dr. August Roeder, who died June 17, 1869. Ex-President Peabody made the report at the second annual meeting, and asked the adoption of appropriate resolutions. The proceedings of the third annual meeting are the only ones which were never printed. As far as known only three written copies of it exist; the minutes in the hands of the secretary, and one copy each in posses. sion of Dr. Whitten and Dr. Mansfelde. A feature of this meeting was the excellent and lengthy report on “Our Local Materia Medica,” by Dr. Peabody as a Wºwºw A. S. v. MANSFELDE. part of the report of that section. A motion which was made by Dr. George Tilden of Omaha must find place here: Resolved, That it shall be the duty of each succeeding president of this society to give $50 prize money to the successful competitor for the best essay upon some medical subject to be designated by him after his election, said prize to be awarded in accordance with the method commonly practiced by medical societies. 8 Extended and diligent search has as yet failed to find an essayist so fortunate as to capture one of these $50 prizes, and history is silent as to the cause of failure. No record exists to show whether this is owing to non-payment of the prize money by the unfortunate presidents or to the lack of essays submitted. From the fourth session all the proceedings of the society appear in print, either in book form or in the pages of the official journals of the society, the Omaha (‘linic Or the Western Medical Review. This session is distinguished by the first report of the section on Practical Medicine, which was presented by Dr. George Tilden, who still honors the society with his member- ship. This report of the meeting contains also the first lengthy report of the animated discussion to which it gave rise. The address of the retiring president, Dr. R. R. Liv- ingston, is replete with the principles which guided him always through his long life of usefulness and honor to the profession ; foremost among these are his estimate of the greatness of the physician's calling and his undying hatred of all the “isms” and shams which are ever ready to encroach on our noble profession. The first effort to create a State Board Of Health was inaugurated by the report of Dr. Peabody, brought from the meeting of the American Medical Association. The necessity for the creation of such a board was urged upon the governor and the legislature and Dr. Pea- body’s resolution provided for a committee of four for this work. At the fifth annual session the membership fee was raised to $5, and annual dues to $2, and an assessment of $2 was made upon all members to pay indebtedness and provide for further publications. Several excel- lent reports were submitted, one on surgery and one on obstetrics, also the first systematic record of the me. teorological conditions of the state, by Harvey Barton, Observer Signal Service, U. S. A. There was presented also an exhaustive report on the railroads of the state and additional data upon the healthfulness and cli- matic conditions of the state, by T)r. S. T. Mercer. The president for the year, Tr. A. Bowen, discoursed 9 on the medicinal action of alcohol, and though himself an abstainer, nevertheless says as to alcohol: “The amount of experience which has fallen to the share of the youngest in this room has probably convinced him that in certain contingencies no article in the materia medica, not even opium, could be so illy dispensed with as alcohol, ether being one of its products,”—a position it would be difficult for our departed friend to main- tain at the present time. Of all the members of the profession who have graced the Nebraska State Medi- cal Society as its president, Dr. Bowen most re- sembled the description given by Ian McLaren of Dr. M. L. HIT, DRETH. dues were encouraged. Committees on Climatology and Necrology were created. “Weelum McLure,” in his love of the profession and his fellow creatures. He surely was the truest type of the physician, scientific, untiring, devoted, kind. At the sixth annual session another deficiency of $108 was announced, and a recommendation was made for another assessment of $3 per member. The labors for a State Board of Health and for better payment of The most exhaustive report of the committee on for- eign correspondence ever submitted was presented by Dr. Livingston. This covered eighty pages of the printed proceedings and was a most valuable contri- bution at a time when lengthy reports in the medical press of the doings of other societies were rare occur. rences. The reports of the sections also commenced to show more scientific treatment and thoroughness; this was particularly true of surgery, obstetrics and practi- cal medicine. 10 In the proceedings of the 8th session the first exclusively scientific paper is printed. It was on a branch of Physiology. The presidential address of the same session, by Dr. L. H. Robbins, showed him to be a master of the science of medicine. He dealt With the subject broadly, and firmly established the fact that our practice is built on solid foundations. At this time the question of a medical department in the university was first presented to the society, purport- ing to come from its board of regents, but in reality urged by Dr. A. S. v. Mansfelde. The society thought otherwise—“It deemed the necessity for such a depart- ment to be in the future,” and “that at such future time as shall be mutually agreed upon, we will recommend a faculty for said medical college, subject to the ap- proval of the board of regents.” It was just five years later that the Omaha Medical College was organized without consulting the board of regents and without their consent, as a private under- taking. Of this the present writer was the secretary of organization ; and the college became not only a suc- ('essful venture but in the fulness of time the very medical department of the University of Nebraska. (April 9, 1902.) T)r. Mathewson's (6th annual) and Dr. J. Black's (7th annual) presidential addresses do not appear in print. The next three meetings of the society were charac- terized by an earnest and successful effort on the part of its members to wipe out its indebtedness, which had swollen to the amount of $346 in 1877. Two assess- ments, one in 1878 and one in 1879, of $5 each were necessary to do it. The year 1878, at the Fremont meeting, ushered in a tide of prosperity, and since that time the society has not been in a position to call on its members for extra help to keep up its expenses. The proceedings were not printed until 1880, when four years were represented in one volume of 297 pages. At the 11th annual session the first systematic report of the permanent secretary was presented, giving an ex- tended report of the work of the society during the year and between the annual meetings. This practice 1 | has been kept up to this day to the great benefit of the society; by it the members are kept in touch with all the work of the organization in which they are in- terested. On page 70 of the proceedings of the 11th annual session the following resolution is recorded : Resolved, That the officers of the society are hereby cott- stituted the Trustees of the Nebraska State Medical Society, ("arried. Resolved, That the proper officers be instructed to have this society incorporated under the statutes of Nebraska. Offered by Dr. Moore and carried. ~ W. O. BRIDGES. A. R. MITCHELL. On page 102, 12th annual session, secretary's report, the following occurs: Your secretary has the honor to report that the society has been incorporated in accordance with the expressed wishes of the society at its last session. The instrument of incorporation accompanies this report. The 12th annual session contains obituary notices, the fruits of the committee on Necrology, for the first time suitably inscribed and commendatory of the reverence the profession should ever show its departed fellows. The president's address by Dr. J. P. Peck, of the 9th annual session, is not printed. The addresses of the 10th, 11th and 12th annual sessions by Drs. L. J. Abbott, E. M. Whitten and Harvey Link, are replete with good advice to the members, urging them on to a higher status, medically and socially. 12 The address of Dr. Whitten was upon the reſation of the physician to the community and the state. He said much that had ripened from his vast experience as a pioneer physician of this great state and of inestimable value to those Who heard him and creative of love and devotion to those who are privileged to know and honor him to this day. Dr. Whitten's address Was a Witty and keen analysis of the different pathies of that day and gives rise to the wish that we might have the doctor's opinion of what followed—Christian Science, Absent Treatment, Osteopathy, and the like. A historical review of the doings of the Nebraska State Medical Society, however condensed, would be incomplete without mention of the suit Which was brought against it before the American Medical Asso- ciation and acted upon by that body at the St. Paul meeting June 8, 1882. Some time in 1875 two mem- bers of the Omaha Medical Society organized the American Surgical Institute of Omaha and in bringing it to the notice of the profession and the public tran- scended the bounds of medical ethics to such an extent that charges of unethical conduct were brought and sustained against them in the Omaha Medical Society on June 12, 1876. Upon their promise to return to the strict, behests of the code they were forgiven their offense by that society. On September 26, 1876, both these physicians presented resignations from the State Medical Society and each man was granted an op- portunity to explain his action. The same privilege was extended to those members of the () malna Medical Society who had brought charges against them. The matter was thoroughly discussed, and the facts were brought out that the organization of the institute had been an act of self-defense; that the Omaha Medical Society had condoned the infringement upon the code, that the accused members had promised compliance with the requirements of the code, and that this promise had been fulfilled to the letter, and finally that the offenders were two of the most active and prom- inent members of the society and of the profession of Nebraska. On all these accounts the society refused then) leave to With di': W. 1.3 On June 5, 1877, the committee on grievances pre- sented sustained charges against these two members on the old count and, deeming the matter as fully ad- judicated by the action of the Omaha Medical Society, the report was laid on the table. On the day of the meeting of the society at Norfolk (13th annual), the secretary, who could not attend, because of a com- pound fracture of the ankle-joint and because of the water leaving the banks of the intervening rivers, re- L. J. A. E. E.O.T.T. ceived notice at his home by mail that charges had been preferred against the Nebraska State Medical Society before the American Medical Association. This was done by eight members of the Omaha Medical Society, two of whom were in good standing in the state so- ciety. These two are now the only members concerned directly in this matter who still retain their member- ship and they are highly respected by the profession. The charges against the society were that it had by a vote of 16 to 9 refused to place the offenders upon trial after the committee on grievances had preferred against them charges in support of which they claimed to have abundant proof. It was claimed also that the 14 society had not even expressed its disapprobation or censured the conduct of the offenders, and finally that the society had even honored one of the violators of the code by elevating him to the office of president. This forced the officers to call an extra session of the society, the only one in its history, which was held at Lincoln on December 27, 1881. The matter was placed in the hands of a committee of five instructed to report at the next annual meeting at Hastings. At this ses- H. B. LOWFY. sion the whole matter was referred to the delegates to the meeting of the American Medical Association with power to act. They formulated a course of action and a defense (see Appendix B, 14th annual session), which proved a veritable Waterloo to the complainants. The Nebraska State Medical Society was sustained, its dele- gates seated in the association, and the only attendant for the complainants refused admission “for the rea- son that he had been dropped from the roll of the Nebraska State Medical Society for refusal to pay his dues.” This decision of the judicial council settled a point first raised by your delegates, of the greatest im: | 5 portance to all state medical Societies, namely, that a man who, for nonpayment of dues or any other cause, has been disgraced by his state society, is not eligible to membership in the American Medical Association. It is to be hoped that this ruling will be embodied in the new constitution and by-laws of the American Medical Association and be extended to membership in county medical societies from whence all right to R. M'CONAUGH Y. membership in both state and national organizations should emanate. At the special session held December 27, 1881, be- tween the 13th and 14th annual sessions, the secretary, commenting on the publication of the yearly proceed- ings, said: “My own thoughts have led me, as has also an action of the American Medical Association, to the conclusion that the interests of this society could be far better served by making arrangements with some journal to have it print our proceedings entire, soon after our meeting, as a supplement to its regular issue.” A firm in St. Louis offered to print and furnish the 16 secretary 150 copies of the proceedings and send the journal to 100 members at $3 per year (the price of the journal) if the $300 for such subscription is trans- mitted by the society. At the 14th annual session this recommendation is renewed in the following language: “I should, therefore, respectfully submit that this so- ciety instruct its committee on publication to have our proceedings published in some ‘monthly,’ entirely in one number, provided this will entitle the society to one extra copy for each member and to fifty copies for the corresponding secretary; that the publisher agree to stamp this the ‘Nebraska Number,’ and finally that such journal be declared the official organ of the society.” This recommendation was squelched by the committee on ways and means, to whom it had been referred for consideration, only to be taken up at a later session as a most profitable undertaking and continued with some interruptions to this day. Another matter suggested at the short special ses. sion by the secretary and ordered adopted, was the re- taining of deceased members in the membership list, so that their memory might be perpetuated in the roll call. In the proceedings of the 14th annual meeting the committee on medical legislation presented a most interesting report (pages 85 to 91) on the number of physicians in the state and their professional status, the colleges which claimed them as alumni, etc., regular, eclectic and homeopathic institutions as well as fraudulent concerns being included. Of 965 physicians in the state 400 had no medical education further than their assumption of it and 87 of them were first-class frauds. The presidential addresses of Drs. Mercer and Sowers at the 13th and 15th annual sessions, are marked by dignity and broad scholarship. The first Was On the subject of “The Medical Profession, its Development, Use and Destiny,” and the latter on “Medical Societies, their Usefulness and the Duties of Members.” At the 15th annual session a seal ordered by the society at its 14th annual session was presented by Dr. Mansfelde, who says of it: “It is substantially as was suggested at the last annual meeting. One 17 liberty only was taken. The central inscription, “Suum Cuique” (Give each his due), is suggested by your secretary—a device with which for many years he has endeavored to square accounts with the world.” The 16th annual session is marked by a volume of 357 pages and by a report upon the progress of surgery for the years 1883-84, presented by the chairman, Dr. R. R. Livingston. This covered seventy-five pages and is the most erudite and exhaustive report ever pre- º Sºg H. M. M'CLA NA HAN. sented to our society and it is barely equaled in the American Surgical Society or the American Medical Association. The secretary's report contains two rec- ommendations of great import, one advising the collec- tion of vital statistics by the members of the society, these to be tabulated yearly by the secretary and pre- sented to the governor. This measure was adopted by the society and a report made to the governor, Decem- ber 15, 1884. Unfortunately this measure, as well as the following, was buried by the adoption of the new constitution May 4, 1887. The other measure alluded to is the recommendation made in 1877 by Dr. R. R. 18 Livingston, and resurrected in 1884 by the secretary, to have a representation of every state Society, some- What similar to our national diplomatic representa- tion. This measure was approved by the Society and acted upon the next year. What might have been ac- complished in this field is amply foreshadowed by the reports on the work of the California Medical Society by Representatives A. S. v. Mansfelde; Colorado, by L. B. Graddy; Illinois, by Alice E. Huff; Indiana, by A. S. v. Mansfelde; Kansas, by L. A. Merriam ; Mary- land, by L. A. Merriam ; Massachusetts, by A. Bowen ; New York (New York State Medical Association), by R. R. Livingston; Pennsylvania, by Fred I). Halde- man; Nebraska. These reports were made to the chair- Iman of the committee on foreign correspondence, Who here represents the secretary of state, receiving similar reports from his representatives abroad. A glance at pages 267 to 350 of the proceedings of the 17th annual session, covering these reports, Will give an idea of what wealth of information is lost, or lies buried, since these reports went the way of other progressive syste- matic work originated by the society, with the replace- nient of the old constitution by the adoption of the new one. Of the many excellent papers read at the 18th annual session one deserves especial mention because it fits marvelously into the present time and practice—“The Twenty-Third Century of Medicine.” It should be read and reread by every lover of his profession. The 1 Sth annual session witnesses the only case of repri- Inand and suspension for one year of a member for conduct unbecoming a physician by infringement upon the code of ethics. The proceedings of the 18th and 19th annual session make a volume of 577 pages, re- plete with matters of great interest to the profession and by reports and papers of great scientific value. At the 19th session for the first time a lady member was honored with the office of first vice-president. At the 20th annual session Dr. Mary Ryerson Butin pre- sided part of the time with much dignity, tact and ca- pability over the deliberations of the society. The 20th session closes the work as chairman of the 19 committee on publication of Dr. A. S. V. Mansfelde, who supervised the printing of the 9th annual session and who prepared the proceedings and supervised the publication of those from the 10th to the 20th annual sessions; twelve in all. At the 21st annual session he presented his resignation as secretary after submit- ting his eleventh annual report. - At the 20th annual session the board of trustees advised the publication of the proceedings in the Omaha Clinic for the year, that the management be paid $50, in consideration of which they agreed to send a copy of the journal to each member of the society and mail to all societies exchanging with it a copy of the journal for one year and also to furnish the secretary 50 extra copies for new members and state and United States libraries. They further agreed to page the pro- ceedings separately so that the members could find the proceedings in one volume at the end of the year, if they so wished. This was adopted by the society and the plan proved so successful that the secretary at the 21st session had this to say of the new venture, which he had advocated many years before : “Financially this undertaking has proven a great success to the society. Every member for the sum of one dollar has received a copy of a journal as good as any of its kind and it Will grow better as it grows in age and in apprecia- tion. Thousands of physicians have read the papers, which have been submitted here, where formerly they were not read by hundreds. Formerly they were un- known to the outside world, now they are read and commented on everywhere in the Union. Not one tenable reason can be urged why we should not con- tinue the experiment.” The society has grown in numbers and its proceed- ings have increased not only in size but in practical and scientific excellency. With the adoption of a new constitution and by-laws, which must follow in the wake of the reorganization of the American Medical Association, when physicians must become members of their local, that is, city or county medical society before they can be members of the state and national association, a new era will dawn 20 for our Nebraska State Medical Society; it will surely increase phenomenally in numbers and prestige. Its good work in the field of medicine will continue to be a credit and a blessing to the profession and to the people. Such a sketch as this brings us to the events of the society for the past few years, with which nearly all those now members are familiar. - We stand now at a place where realization seems imminent of many of the ideals for which the society has stood since its organization. It seems not too ego. tistical to say that some of the features which mark the plan of reorganization of the American Medical Asso- ciation, Dr. George H. Simmons learned while a men- ber and secretary of the Nebraska State Medical So- ciety. In some places a prophet may be without honor in his own country, but we have tried to mention with honor and reverence some of the men who made our own society what it is and who have contributed largely to the standing and character of the national organization. One of them said: - “I miss from our yearly meetings many a voice now hushed forever, and no doubt as time with his downy. touch clicks the last second of the next third of a century some among us will miss a few more of the pioneers of our organization; they will have laid down to rest with their heads pillowed in eternity. But their work will live after them and the generous tribute of regret and sorrow and respect for those who have gone before will be freely offered to their memories then, just as we now recall the broad hearted kindness and sympathy we always met from our whilom associ- ates who have been called to a higher sphere.” These words and the following paragraph from the last address of Dr. R. R. Livingston, may fittingly Close this limited review of the life of Our beloved so- ciety, and an old fellow like your humble servant, who stands abashed at the contemplation of the future greatness of our profession, “gives thanks to the Giver of all good that he has left the warmth of the heart unimpaired, which nourishes and strengthens the ten- drils which long continued professional friendships 'NOSNI XIIIIAN ‘CI (V "GINGIGH H :) ~~ I l ſº "NOSHIGICINV ººſ ‘V°CIŁ W WAS TO ' [' 'GH' 22 have twined around it. To those of us who for a third of a century have enjoyed the yearly meetings and social gatherings, they have become mementos garlanded with most fragrant flowers of most pleasant memories.” - . BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. L. J. Abbott, M. D. Born in 1831. When three years old his parents moved to Troy, O. Was early instructed in the rudiments of medicine by his father, a physician. At the age of fifteen was sent to St. Johnsbury Academy in Ver- mont; completed his course and attended the medical lec- tures in Cincinnati; at the age of 21 secured his degree in medicine. The year following his graduation in Cincin- nati was spent in Philadelphia, and in 1854 received a degree also from the Jefferson Medical College. In 1860 located in Fontanelle, Neb.; few years later located in Fremont. Neb. Soon after his location here was chosen as one of the representatives to the last territorial legislature and was actively engaged in the affairs that led up to the admis- sion of Nebraska as a state in 1867. In 1895 was appointed superintendent of the State Hospital for the Insane at Lin- coln, Neb.; served until 1899. At the completion of his term he established at South Omaha, a hospital for the treatment of chronic diseases and was just maturing his plans when, in February, 1900, he was stricken by paralysis and death claimed him. A. B. Anderson, M. D. Born 1851, Adams county, Illinois. Graduated in medicine at Louisville Medical College, 1877. Located in Pawnee City, Neb., where he is still living. Pen- sion examiner for about twenty-three years; secretary of Board of Pensions; vice-president Nebraska State Medical Society; member American Medical Association. W. O. Bridges, M. D. Born April 30, 1856. Graduated Uni- versity City of New York, 1879. Ilocated at Ogdensburg, N. Y. Was health officer and acting assistant surgeon Marine Hospital Service at Ogdensburg, N. Y., two years, resign- ing to remove to Omaha, Neb., in 1883. Blected to the chair of clinical medicine in the Omaha, Medical College, 1889; secretary of the board of trustees 1890 to 1897; president Omaha Medical Society and of the Nebraska State Medical Society; appointed medical director of the Bankers Tõeserve T,ife Association in 1897; visiting physician to Methodist and IDouglas County hospitals; member Omaha Medical Society, Nebraska State Medical Society, Missouri Valley Medical Society, and American Medical Association. - Victor H. Coffman, M. D. Born in Zanesville, O., Septem- ber 10, 1839. Youth was spent at Indianola, Ia. When 19 years old had completed his preliminary education and had completed a two years’ course in the Chicago Medical College. Was commissioned assistant surgeon in the wal: of the rebellion in September, 1862. In November, 1863, he was made surgeon of the regiment and later chief medical officer on the staff of General C. C. Andrews. In March, Y S X e) O e- 1865, he received a commission from the president as brevet- lieutenant colonel. Mustered out in 1865. After the war, entered Jefferson Medical College. Spent a winter in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Bellevue, N. Y. Came to Omaha, April, 1867. Member and president of the Ne- braska State Medical Society and member of the American Medical Association. One of the organizers of the Omaha Medical College, holding the chair of theory and practice, during which he was elected its president. For the past year has been Omaha’s health commissioner. W. B. Ely, M. D. Born in Connecticut in 1842. Early edu- cation in common schools of New England. Graduated in Innedicine at Ann Arbor in 1878. Practiced in New York state from date of graduation until 1889, when location was changed to Ainsworth, Neb. Moved to University Place, 1901. While in New York was a member of the county so- cieties of Monroe and Wayne counties, also of the Rochester Pathological Society, and of the Medical Association of Cen- tral New York. Second vice-president of the Nebraska State Medical Society; in Ainsworth was local surgeon of the F., E. & M. V. R. R.; in 1901 was elected to the presidency of the State Medical Society. J. L. Greene, M. D. Born Shelbyville, Ind., November 1, 1S61. Tesided in central Indiana until location in Nebraska, June, 1890. Graduated from the University of Vermont, June, 1884, where he was one of ten honor men, given spe- cial degree for proficiency in medicine and the collateral sciences—the class numbered 126. Located at University Place, Neb., June, 1890; May, 1893, became physician to the Norfolk Hospital for the Insane, remaining to June, 1895, when he was transferred to the insane asylum at Lincoln, Neb., as first assistant superintendent, remaining only a few months. Returned to University Place and engaged in general practice until February, 1901, when he was ap- pointed superintendent at the Lincoln Hospital. Has taught jurisprudence of mental diseases in the law department of the State Unversity, Neb., for the past five years; lecturer upon the law of insanity in Creighton Medical College, Omaha; member of Nebraska State Medical Society, elected treasurer at the meeting in 1899. M. T. Hildreth, M. D. Born at Lee, Mass., January 9, 1850. Graduated in medicine at Tush Medical College in 1880. Has been secretary Burt County Medical Society; secretary and president Nebraska State Medical Society; secretary and president Nebraska Railway Surgeons Society; delegate to Tan-American Medical Congress; member Missouri Valley Medical Society; member Ell:horn Valley Medical Society; member Sioux City Academy of Medicine. Tlocated at Lyons since graduation. R. T. Livingston, M. D. Born 1827, Montreal. Early edu- cation received in Royal Grammar School in Montreal. Passed directly to his medical studies at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York city. Immediately after graduation became superintendent of the Lake Forest Copper Mining Co., near Houghton, Mich. Abandoned this work in 1857 and came to Plattsmouth, Neb., in October, 24 1859. Began practice of medicine and surgery. In May, 1861, issued a call for volunteers and organized a company to enter the service. In June responded to the call for a convention at Omaha to organize the First Nebraska regi- ment; Captain Livingston’s was made Company A. In 1862 Was made colonel; served as colonel until the close of the war. On June 21, 1865, Colonel Livingston was appointed brevet brigadier general of volunteers and in 1866 was mus- tered out with that rank. Soon after the close of the war Nebraska was admitted as a state and Dr. Livingston se- sured the position of surveyor general of Nebraska; held for two years. Served as mayor of Plattsmouth for three years, and as president of the State Fish Commission. For nearly twenty years he was connected with the Burlington & Missouri Railway, of which at the time of his death he was medical director in Nebraska. Served as professor of the principles and practice of surgery in both the Omaha Medical College and in the medical department of the Ne- braska State University. One of the organizers of the Nebraska State Medical Society. Died in 1888. II. B. Lowry, M. D. Born at Proctor, W. Va., 1850. Took his bachelor’s degree from Mt. Union College in 1874 and the M. A. degree in 1877; the Ph. D. degree in 1885. Attended his first course of lectures at Michigan University and took the M. D. degree from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1876. Took a year of post-graduate work at Jefferson College in 1879 and a year in London in 1884. Elected president of the Nebraska State Medical Society in 1893 and of the Missouri Valley Medical Society in 1897. Official delegate from Nebraska to the second Pan-American Medical Congress which met in Mexico in 1896. Tepresented the Missouri Valley Medical Society at the JBritish Medical Association at Montreal in 1898 and was a delegate from the American Medical Association to the International Medical Congress that met in Paris in 1900. Now professor of nerv- ous diseases in the medical department of the University of Nebraska. II. M. McClanahan, A. M., M. D. Born in Mercer, county, Illinois, in 1856; graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1878; received the degree of A. M. from Monmouth Col- lege, 1880; physician for the Interior Department at Fort Benton, Montana, one year, from 1879 to 1880; located in Omaha, Neb., in 1889; vice-president Omaha Medical Society; vice-president and president Nebraska State Medical Society; chairman section Diseases of Children A. M. A., 1902. Robert McConaughy, M. D. Born April 6, 1852, in Mt. T’leasant, Pa. Received his education in the public school and academy at that place, at JElders Ridge Academy and Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., and his medical degree at Jefferson Medical College in 1875. While living in Pennsyl- vania held the position of division surgeon of Pa. T. T. Co., and since coming to Nebraska in 1885 has held appointment of surgeon F., E. & M. V. R. R. Co. and grand medical exam- iner A. O. U. W.; now surgeon of the B. & M. R. T. Co.: secretary York County Medical Society and secretary U. S. I3oard of Pension Examiners—latter position he has filled 25 for fifteen years. Was president of the Nebraska. State Med- ical Society, 1899-1900. - A. S. v. Mansfelde, M. D. Born 1845 in Neumark, Prussia. Ileft birthplace in 1862 for America. First preceptor was Dr. A. H. Hunt. Dr. B. S. Woodworth, the remaining part- ner and ex-president of the Indiana State Medical Society, continued his instruction until the fall of 1866. At this time went to Chicago and entered Rush Medical College. Until 1872 variously engaged in practice and study. In March, 1875, called to Nebraska to perform an operation for necro- sis of the tibia. Same year located in Lincoln with Dr. G. W. French. Continued in partnership until 1877, when latter removed to Indiana. During this time became member Tam- caster County and Nebraska State Medical societies, becom- ing recording secretary of the latter, which position he held for eleven years. Was president of the society in 1894. As- sisted in the organization of the Nebraska Railroad Sur- geons Society and the Missouri Valley Medical Society; of the former was president and of the latter secretary. In 1897 elected president of Missouri Valley Medical Society. In 1894 became mayor of Ashland, Neb. Member American Medical Association. A. R. Mitchell, M. D. Born in Henry county, Illinois, 1856. Graduated at Rush Medical College in 1879. Docal surgeon C., R. T. & P. R. R.; local surgeon F., E. & M. V. R. R.; medi- cal director Bankers Tife Insurance Co. of Nebraska; pres- ident Nebraska State Medical Society. IR. C. Moore, M. D. Born at Quincy, Ill., November 25, 1841. Graduated Chicago Medical College, March, 1865. Passed the examination for assistant surgeon U. S. V., Cincinnati, 1865. Tocated in Omaha, Neb., September, 1865. City playsician, Omaha, 1876; one of the incorporators Omaha Medical Col- lege 1881—held in this institution the positions of professor materia medica, diseases of children, and is now professor of mental diseases—was president of the college 1884-1885. Char- ter member, treasurer and president Nebraska State Med- ical Society; member American Medical Association, member of its judicial council from 1885 to date; second vice-presi- dent of American Medical Association, 1891; president Omaha Medical Society; charter member Missouri Valley Medical Society, and president, 1901. H. Winnett, Orr, M. D. Born at West Newton, Pa., March 17, 1877. Graduated from West Newton High School, 1892; completed special course preparatory to medicine in Ne- braska State University, 1895; laboratory assistant in his- tology, University of Michigan, 1897-1898; graduated in medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1899; managing editor Western Medical Review, 1899; member Western Surgical and Gyneco- logical Association; member Missouri Valley Medical So- ciety; member American Medical Association; president Lincoln Medical Society, 1902; corresponding secretary and librarian Nebraska State Medical Society, 1901-1902. J. H. Peabody, M. D. Born March 7, 1833, in Washington, D. C. Received his early education up to 14 years in private schools, after that age studied at night schools during serv- ice as page in U. S. Congress. April, 1862, appointed acting 26 assistant surgeon U. S. W.; August 15, 1863, made brigadier surgeon with rank of major by President Lincoln; breveted lieut.-colonel by President Johnson; was mustered out at close of the war of the rebellion August 15, 1865. Came to Omaha as medical director of the District of the Platte, Department of the Missouri, July 17, 1864; was reappointed acting assistant surgeon U. S. A. in 1866 and remained in service with special duties to attend the families of the U. S. officers stationed in Omaha; resigned in October, 1874, and went to California on account of his wife’s health; re- turned to Omaha in 1875; remained in active practice since. Charter member of Omaha Medical Society; charter mem- ber Nebraska State Medical Society; physician and surgeon St. Joseph and Good Samaritan hospitals; casualty physician to the Clarkson Memorial Hospital; consulting surgeon U. P. R. R.; general surgeon C., St. P., M. & O. R. R. for ten years; active practice for forty-two years, thirty-six of which have been spent in Omaha. J. E. Summers, Jr., M. D. Born at Fort Kearney, Neb., January 2, 1858. Graduated in medicine at the Medical De- partment of Columbia University, N. Y.; served for two years as assistant surgeon U. S. army; went to Europe for two years, studying pathology and surgery. Member Amer- ican Medical Association, Elkhorn Valley Medical Society, Southwestern Iowa Medical Society, Botna Valley Medical Society; was professor of the principles and practice of surgery and clinical surgery in the Omaha Medical College from 1888 to 1890; surgeon-in-chief to Clarkson Memorial Hospital and visiting surgeon to Douglas County Hospital and Wise Memorial Hospital; formerly surgeon-in-chief to Immanuel Hospital, and is surgeon to the Rock Island R. T. President of the Nebraska State Medical Society, Western Surgical and Gynecological Association, also of the Omaha Medical Society. Has been practicing surgery as a specialty in Omaha since returning from abroad in 1885. I. M. Whitten, M. D. Born June 13, 1837, in Bath, Maine. Graduated from Medical School of Maine in 1865. Tocated in Nebraska City in 1869. Member Otoe County Medical Association, in which positions have been held from presi- dent down; president of Nebraska State Medical Society: Imember American Medical Association; also of Missouri Valley Medical Association. Has been professor of diseases of women and professor of surgery in the medical depart- ment of the Nebraska State University. - A. D. Wilkinson, M. D. Born October 3, 1857, at West Tel)anon, JPa. After an academic course at Elders Ridge, Pa., graduated from the Missouri Medical College, St. Touis, 1882. Practiced medicine in St. Touis, Illinois and Iowa; located in Iincoln, Neb., 1894. Has served as secretary and president of Lincoln Medical Society; first vice-president of medical society for the Missouri Valley; recording secre- tary of the Nebraska Medical Society since session of 1899. Officers and Time and Place of Meeting of the Nebraska State Medical Society from Its Inception, May 11, 1ST V.-PRESIDENT 1868, to Date, May 6, 1902. 2D V.-PRESIDENT RECORDING SECRETARY. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. TREASURER. Tº 3 PLACE OF : ‘Tºo DATE OF MEETING. * PRESIDENT. āś MEETING. | < – - * s is e - - - - - May 11, 1868........... Dr. Peabody’s of- fice, Omaha.....'”Gili ert C. Monell. * * * * * * * * * June 24, 1868.......... Omaha................ *Gilbert C. Mone]]. 1st |June 1, 2, 1869........ Nebraska City. . . . *Gilbert C. Monell. 201 |June 7, 8, 1870....... Omaha................ James H. Peabody. 3d June 6, 7, 1871........ Lincoln.............. *N. B. Larsh ........., 4th Julie 4, 5, 1872........ Plattsmouth....... *R. R. Livingston. 5th June 3, 4, 1873........] Nebraska City.... *A. BOWen, ............ 6th June 2, 3, 1874........ Omaha................ *H. P. Mathe WSO1). 7th June 1, 2, 1875........ Plattsmouth....... *John Black.......... 8th Sept. 26, 27, 1876. ...|Lincoln.............. *L. H. Robbins...... 9th jJune 5, 6, 1877........|Omaha................”.J. P. Peck ............ 10th June 4, 5, 1878........ Fremont............. *L. J. Abbott ......... 11th June 4, 5, 1879........|Nebraska City. ... E. M. Whitten ...... 12th June 1, 2, 1880........ Kearney............. Harvey Link......... 13th June 7, 8, 1881........|Norfolk............... #s. D. Mercer......... (a) December 27, 1881. Lincoln.….'M. W. Stone......... 14th |May 9. 10, 1882, ...... Hastings............. fM. W. Stone......... 15th May 22, 23, 24, 1883. Lincoln..............:” A. H. SOWers........ 16th |May 13, 14, 1884 ..... maha................ Victor H. Coffman. 17th May 26–28, 1885...... Grand Island...... *F. G. Fuller......... 18th June 1–3, 1886 ... . . . Lincoln.............. W. M. Knapp......... 19th |May 3–5, 1887 ......... Omaha ............... Richard C. MOOre.. 20th June 26–28, 1888...... Lincoln.............. *G. H. Peebles....... 21st |May 21–23, 1889...... Kearney............. #Milton Lane........ 22d May 13–15, 1890...... Beatrice.............. *J. C. Denise.......... 23d May 12–14, 1891...... Lincoln.............. D. A. Walden......... 24th |May 10–12, 1892...... Omaha................ Charles Inches ...... 25th May 16–18, 1893...... Nebraska City....M. L. Hildreth ...... 26th May 1–3, 1894......... Lincoln.............. A. S. von Alansſeldo 27th May 22–23, 1895...... Grand Island...... H. B. LOW ry. ......... 28th May 19–21, 1896...... Lincoln............. [J. E. Sulm meis, Jr. 29th May 18–20, 1897...... Lincoln. ............ F. ). Haldeman .... 30th June 14–16, 1898...... [Omaha................ Willson O. Bridges 31st |May 9–11. 1890........| Lincoln.............. A. R. Mitchell....... 32 l May 8–10 1900........ Omaha................ Robt. M C Conangll v. 3.3d May 7–9, 1901 ......... Lincoln.............. H. Mſ. McClan all; in 34th May 6–S. 1902 ......... Omaha................ Win. 13. Ely........... (a) special. * Deceased. + No longer a member. (Preliminary meet Organization of So ing)....................... D. A. Walden........ C. Inches ............ E. A. Henton A. S. V. On Mansfelde Harold Gyfford....... F. H. (Xrn Immer J. E. Summers, Jr.. R. ( .. M. C. Donald .... J. Lee Sutherland... (). (; rothan R. McConaughy.... F. A. Long............ ..! J. T. Miller............ A. D. Nesbit......... | I. M. McClanahan J. B. Hungate..... J. A. A 11d rews ....... In ez ( !. H hil brick... A. H. All Clerson. ... E. J. ( .. Swºrd..... . G. I.. Humphreys H. B. Lowry. ......... -- * * * * * - - * * * * - - • * - - - - * * * * * - - - - W. B. lily A. B. Anderson • * * * * s = e º 'º - e. † Appointed. A. S. v in Mansfelde resigned Ciety. ... ................. M. L. Hildreth Wm. Protzman...... - G. L. Humphreys. . . R. R. Livingston R. R. Livingston |R. R. Livingston ...|Napoleon B. Larsh. S. D. Mercer.......... N. B. Larsh............ F. Renner. ............ | “ .......... John Black............ L. H. Robbins........ * { A. BOWell............... V. H. Coffman ...... * . Wim. McClelland...|L. J. Abbott........... “ . ......... D. W. Hershey....... F. G. Fuller........... " .......... W m. English ......... Harvey Link......... ' [.. H. Robbins (pro tem. ).................. E. Van Buren ....... Geo. Tilden ........... F. G. Fuller.......... A. WO) Sey......... . . . [H. D. Gilbert......... '' ..... ..... E. M. Whitten ....... Harvey Link......... A. S. VOn Malnsſelde (pro tem.).......... Alexander Bear.... |M. W. Stone.......... A. S. Von Mansfelde F. G. Fuller........... M. W. Stone........... - § { § { W. M. Knapp......... F. B. Reed............. Dr. Alexander Bear (pro tem.)........... A. H. S. OW ers......... A. H. Jackson....... A. S. von Mansfeld A. H. SOWers......... A. H. Jackson ...... i * { { { W. M. Knapp......... (X. T. Dildine .........' & S. { { G. W. JOhlmsOn....... F. Van Buren........ l { { { { G. H. Peebles......... \!. J. Gahan ......... & ſº { { James Carter......... N. F. I.)on aldson. ... . { { { { Milton Lane.......... N. F. Donaldson.... . { % { { Mary R. Butin........ C. (). Reynolds ..... . { { & ſº ( ). C. Reynolds...... M. I. Hildreth ...... ºf M. L. Hildreth..... - - - - - e. { { - - - - - - | George Wilkinson. - £ 4 4 & 4 i i { i { { & Geo. H. Simmons. . { { | { % |2A. D. Wilkinson. A. D. Wilkinson.... ſ & * * { { º George Tilden V. H. Coffmann * * * : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * , s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s = * * * - - - * * * • * * * * * * * * * R. R. Livingston ... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Daniel Whitinger. . I). \\'. Hershey. H. I’. Mathew'SOn. 1). \\ . Hershey. Jam' s H. Peabody. & 4 { { * { ( & ſ & { { ...] A. ROWVCh. { { & 4 ... L. H. Robbins. { { { { £ 4 4 & { * . . R. C. MOOre, & & { { * { & 4 ( ; * { { { { % i 4 t & { { * * * * { A. R. Mitchell....... * { R. R. Livingston ... 4 & * { * { { * A & & tº tº + & H. B. LOWry. ......... W. M. Knapp. L. A. Meri jam....... 4 * 4 4 # 4 * { º * * { { * * B. B. Davis............ 4 * 4 * a 4 \\ . R. Lavender. { { * { i 4 H. B. Lowry * { * { * { ,, … a " .......... J. L. Green C. * { * - % Appointed. * { Geo. H. Simmons resigned. A complete list of memberships granted by the Nebraska State Medical Society since its Organization, showing in Order the name Of the mermber, residence, year Of joining the society, college of graduation and year of graduation. Abbott, L. J., Fremont, 1870; Jefferson Med. Coll., 1854. Ackley, W., Juniata, 1880; Rush and Keo- kuk Med. Coll., 1880. Ackley, W., Juniata, 1901; Rush, 1880, RCeo- kuk, 1876. Aikin, J. M., Omaha, 1896; Iowa State 1887 Albright, R. S., Beatrice, 1885; Rush Coll., 1884. Alden, J. M., Pierce, 1891; Coll., 1871. Allen, A. R., Bradshaw, 1885; Missouri Coll., 1878. Allen, A. R., Bradshaw, 1898; Missouri Coll., 1878. Allen, G. V., Coll., 1898. Allenberger, C. A., Shelby, 1901; Rush Coll., 1895. Allison, C. C., Omaha, 1892; School of Med., 1888. Ames, L. D., Wahoo, 1890. AnderSon, August, Norfolk, 1900; Rush Med. Coll., 1892. - AnderSOn, A. B., Pawnee City, 1882; Louis- ville Med. Coll., 1877. - Anderson, C. A., Stromsburg, 1899; State TJni. Of Iowa, 1897. Anderson, D. F., Edgar, 1880; Coll. Phys. & Surg., RCeokuk, 1874. Anderson, J. A., Eustis, 1899; Coll., 1893. Anderson, J. C., 1900; Med. Coll., 1896. Uni., Med. Jefferson Med. Med. Med. Murray, 1899; Ramsas Med. Med. ICentucky Rush Med. Omaha, Tuouisville Anderson, P. E. T., Wahoo, 1898; Rush Med. Coll., 1887. Anderson, T. B., Broken Bow, 1897; Uni. of |Penn., 1891. Andrews, J. P., Blair, 1868; Med. Coll, of Ohio, 1832. Angle, E. J., Lincoln, 1896; Med. Coll. Ohio, 1887, Uni. Of Penn., 1895. Arbuckle, G. A., Omaha, 1884; Omaha Med. Coll., 1883. Archard, J. W., Grafton, 1901; Omaha Med. Coll., 1891. Armstrong, F. J., Omaha, 1884; State Uni., Iowa City, 1879. - Arnold, H. J., Columbus, 1901; P. timore, 1890. Arthur, M. L., Pender, 1890; State Uni. IOWa., 1886. Artz, C. V., Hastings, 1895; Iowa, 1883. Ashton, T. W., Syracuse, 1893; Geneva Med. Coll., Geneva, N. Y., 1865. Med. Ayars, H. E., Lindsay, 1892; Coll., 1882. Ayres, Geo. B., Omaha, 1883; Mich., 1877. Bacon, F., Omaha, 1893; Coll. Phys. & Surg., FCeOkuk, 1878. . * Baer, P. W. O., Pleasant Hill, 1892; Jeffer- Son Med. Coll., 1885. - Baker, A. J., Columbus, 1900; Omaha Med. Coll., 1892. - - Baldridge, S. P., Omaha, 1887; State Uni. Of IOwa, 1887. Ball, D. R., Tecumseh, 1881; State Uni. Of Iowa, 1857. State Uni. Of Miami Of & S., Bal- of | Bedal, Compiled by H. Winnett Orr, M. D., Lincoln. Ballard, C. F., Grafton, 1884; Coll. of In- diana, Ind., 1879. - - Banwell, W. H., Orleans, 1893; Coll. Of Med., 1871. Barker, J. N., Grand Island, 1885; Bellevue Hospital Med. Coll., 1873. Barr, E. E., Whitman, 1900; State Uni. of Iowa, 1887. . Barton, P. L., Central City, 1884; Med. Coll. of Ohio, Cincinnati, 1879. Bates, E., Beatrice, 1890; Northwestern Uni. Med. School, Chicago, 1884. Cincinnati Beachley, J. V., Lincoln, 1901; Barnes Med. Coll., 1900. Beachley, N. J., Lincoln, 1881; Indiana Med. Coll., 1877. - Beal, F. E., Papillion, 1897; Omaha Med. Coll., 1894. Bear, Alexander, Norfolk, 1878; Uni. Of Maryland, 1860. Beardman, E. O., Overton, 1889; Rush Med. Coll., 1878. Beck, L. A., Red Cloud, 1901; Coll. Phys. & Surg., Keokuk, 1885. Marshal, Blair, 1884; Coll., Cincinnati, O., 1874. Beede, S. C., Surprise, 1892; Iowa, 1891. Beghtol, J. V., Friend, 1887; Coll. Phys. & Surg., PCeokuk, 1877. Bell, H. S., Kearney, 1891; Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll., N. Y., 1878. Bell-Andrews, Jr., Auburn, Sims Coll., 1896. Mial na Med. State Uni. Of 1899; Marion º: Brady, L. M., Fullerton, 1885; Coll. Phys. & Surg., PCeokuk, 1884. Brady, L. M., Oxford, 1893; Coll. Phys. & Surg., IKeokuk, 1884. Brandon, G. W., Milford, 1889; Rush Med. Coll., 1871. Brash, G. L., Beatrice, 1901; Uni. Of Mich., 1892. Breuer, C. H., Med. Coll., 1896. Briart, C. M. G., delegate Douglas County Medical Society, 1886, Omaha. Bricker, F. J., Aurora, 1883; Uni. Of \VOos- ter, 1876. Bridenstine, S. J., Madison, 1881; State Uni. Of IOWa., 1875. Bridges, E. L., Wausa, 1901; Omaha Med. Coll., 1896. Bridges, W. Coll., N. Y., 1879. Brink, C. A., Ord, 1898; Coll. Phys. & Surg., Chicago, 1893. Brosius, F. C., Kenesaw, 1884; Coll., 1883. Brown, Ewing, Omaha, 1896; Jefferson Med. Coll., 1883. Brown, F. H., Fremont, Med. Coll., 1901. Brown, J. M., Fontanelle, 1891. Broyles, F. H., Beatrice, 1890; Kansas City Med. Coll., 1887. Brownrigg, W. J., Omaha, 1900; Rush Med. Coll., 1882. Bryant, DeWitt, Omaha, 1885; Med. Dept. Wooster Uni., 1875. Omaha, 1900; Creighton Bentley, S. N., Ravenna, 1901; Uni. Of Ver- mont, 1884. Benton, E. A., Central City, 1886; Uni. Of Vermont, 1866. Benton, J. E., Central City, 1897; Omaha, Med. Coll., 1897. Berry, Wm., Omaha, 1900; Starling Med. Coll., 1888. Bicknell, G. H., Omaha, 1900; Omaha Med. Coll., 1895. Birdsall, G. A., JDavenport, 1894; Rush Med. Coll., 1887. Birkner, J. M., Lincoln, 1901; Missouri Med. Coll., 1886. Bixby, J., Strang, 1901; Coll. Of Med., Kan- sas City, 1900. Blackborn, M. H., Filley, 1890; State Uni. Of Iowa, 1889. Blackburn, A. T., Atkinson, 1898; Chicago Med. COll., 1881. . Blair, E. S., Wayne, 1899; Uni. Of Mich., 1887. - Blair, S. F., North Bend, 1878; Coll. Phys. & Surg. Keokuk, 1877. Boal, V. M., Auburn, 1899; Plhys. & Surg., Reokuk, 1881. Bodelson, H. B., Asylum, 1886; Hosp., Chicago, 1878. Borom, S. C., Chapman, 1899; Omaha Med. Coll., 1897. Bºeil D., York, 1892; Rush Med. Coll., Bowen, A. H., Lincoln, 1882; Med. Coll. Of Ohio, 1876. Bowen, A., Nebraska City, 1868; Castleton Med. Coll., Vt., 1851. Bowman, L. W., Hay Springs, 1891; State |Uni. Of Iowa, 1886. Boyden, H. D., Grand Island, 1896; Louis- ville Med. Coll., 1894, Uni. Of Penn., 1895. 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