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الالمان فات
ARTES
1837
LIBRARY
VERITAS
SCIENTIA
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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TUEBOR
QUERIS PENINSULAM AMÜNAH
CIRCUMSPICE
GIFT OF
REGENT LLHUBBARD
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Churton Allow as a f
Discugly starts by J. Chuston Collens
for Eulers of Guns Tanks by Wen. A. Stty, 1923, p. 66, Nute (pop),
Hubbard
Imag. Voy.
DS
7
EUROPA
་་་་་་t?་་;: ་་ u
༄
SOME YEARES
TRAVELS
Into
AFRICAGÁSIA
the Great.
Es kecially Describing the
Famous Empires of
PERSIA and INDUS TANT.
As also
Divers other Kingdoms in the
Oriental INDIES,
and
I'les Adjacent.
By Tho: Herbert. Efg3.
·
LONDON
Printed by R B. for Iacob.Blome
and Richard Bishop. 1638
W⋅M. Sculp:
PAR MER.
Ta
O
Pawb yn y Arvere
"QUNDUNUUM.
PARTERRE
SOME YEARES
TRAVELS
INTO
DIVERS PARTS OF
ASIA and AFRIQUE.
Deſcribing eſpecially the two famous Empires,
the Perfian, and great Mogull: weaved with
the Hiſtory of thefe later Times
As alfo, many rich and fpatious Kingdomes in
the Orientall INDIA, and other parts of As1A;
Together with the adjacent lles.
Severally relating the Religion, Language, Qualities,
Cuſtomes, Habit, Defcent, Faſhions, and other
Obfervations touching them.
With a revivall of the firft Diſcoverer of A MERICA,
Reviſed and Enlarged by the Author.
Segniùs irritant Animos demiffa per Aures
Quam quæ funt Oculis Subjecta fidelibus, & Que
Ipfe fibi præbet Spectator.
FOR
LABO
Horat.
TIE
HO
TVHS
LONDON,
Printed by R. Bi. for Iacob Blome and Richard Bishop. 1638.
Res.
Regent L. L. Hubbard.
1-28-1924
TO THE
RIGHT HONOVRABLE
PHILIP
Earle of Pembroke and Mountgomery: Baron
Herbert of Caerdiff' and Sherland;
Lord Parr and Roß' of Kendall; Lord
Fitz-Hugb, Marmyon, and Saint Quin-
tin: Lord Chamberlain of his MA-
IESTIES moſt honourable Houſhold,
Lord Lieftenant of Kent, Wiltes,
&c. Lord Warden of the
Stanneries in Corn-Wales
and Devon:
- 1
Knight of the moft noble Order of the Garter:
and one of his MAIESTIES moft
honourable Privie Councell.
MY LORD,
H
Aving paſt the Pikes, I
take new courage to come
on againe. One blow
more and I have done.
Ten to one it lights on my
owne pate but if my
head ſtand free, my hand
fhall not bee guilty of
more Intruſion: No more preffure to the Preffe:
the
the Crowd is too ftrong already: and I will
get out by Head and Shoulders rather than
faile.
Your Lordships word may paſſe for me: and
I dare not break it. Greatneffe hath a great ſtroak
over Men, but Goodneffe a greater; Men choo-
fing to obey for Love, rather than Feare. In
both, you have a ſtrong Intereft, and in both
forts of Men they have taken Poffefsion, and
like Twyns grow up together: Quam bene con-
veniunt! And may their refidence be as immova-
ble as your Conftancy to Good: yea may the
Title of plain Dealing and honeſt Man bee the
worſt Reproach, Malice or double Dealing can
fix upon your Name and Memory, who have
gained much honour and eaſe too in Court and
Country, by that excellent Dialect and generall
Beliefe.
The Dedication like a fayre Frontiſpice to
a meane Houſe, or a beautifull Signe to an ill
Lodging, hath tempted Travellers to look in
and make ſome ſtay: But I feare to have uſed my
Readers, as my Hoft the Gueſts, that ſet a mark
on the Doore, to paffe by, and call in no more.
Tis my feare only; which being begot of Modefty,
may ſerve to invite the beſt and moſt ingenious
Company.
To pleaſe all is my Defire; but my Choice a
few: taking the bigger Number to be the leffer in
Vertue, and fwollen only with a timpany of
Wind and Water.
The
The Boat is in your Lordships hand, which
fteares as you direct it. Yours is the greatest in-
tereft: you are our Chiefe: yours is the leading
Iudgement: do but approve, the Mark is hit, and
you make many Followers; Which is the
Requeſt of
•
Your Lordships
humbleſt Servant
Tho. Herbert
To his vertuous Kinſman
THO. HERBERT Efquire.
*
Hat! is't the Love thou bear'ft the Southern Clyme?
Or Care to inftru&t us? That the ſecond time
Thou ingageft Fame. Oris't thy Love to pay,
Thanks to mild cenfures? or thy Friends to obay?
Or to Inlarge? or deck thy Mayden lines?
Like to a Nurſe whofe eyes on th'Infant fhines,
Which of them all? or all it be: 'Tis well
Who threats good-will imparts a part of hell.
CH. HERBERT.
Nobili fuo amico Tuo.
HERBERTO armigero
A Ppulit Eois Herbertus fofpes ab Oris,
Vicit & immenfi mille pericla Maris.
Non tulit hinc fecum piper, aurum,balſame, gemmas,
Coftum, aloen, myrrham, cinnama,thuré,crocum.
Rettulit hic Mores Hominum Viator, & Vrbes,
Regna, habitus, linguas, pralia, jura, deos.
Divite me pofthac quæras è Perfide gazas,
Anglia nunc Anglis Perfia tota domi eft.
AR. IONSTONUS Med. Reg.
Defcriptio
"
Defcriptio decoris reciproci, inter
Arborem Nobilem feu Familiam de
Herbert; & Authorem vere ramum
ejufdem arboris feu Familiæ.
Il tantum decorat ramum quam nobilis arbor,
Florentem ramum fic Decus Arbor habet.
MAR. BELWOOD Dr. Med.
Amico fuo nobilifsimo THо.
HERBERTO armigero.
Rbes quod varias folers vidiffet Vliſſes
Et Mores hominum,clarus honore fuit.
Sola inter Phrygiam licet errans Hefperiamque
Littora luftraffet per duo luftra Maris.
Tu fpatia ut faperes immenfa emenfus es Orbis
Herberte inque Salo guaviter inque Solo.
Comperta unde tibi nova multa & mira Brittannis
Candidus impertis veridicuſq;tuis.
Fallacem hoc ithacum fuperafque peritia rerum
Quod tue candori fit fideique comes.
WALT. O-QVIN Armig.
H
To the Reader.
Ere thou at greater Eaſe than hee
Mayft behold what bee did fee;
Thou participates his gaines,
But be alone referves the paines.
He traded not with luker fotted.
He went for knowledge and be got it.
Then thank the Author : thanks is light
Who hath preſented to thy fight
१.
Seas, Lands, Men, Beasts, Fishes, and Birds,
The rareft that the World affoords.
THO. Lord FAYRFAX
Baron of Cameron,
am
I
TRAVELS
BEGUN Anno 1626. DE-
SCRIBING DIVERS
parts of Africk, and Afia the Great ; but
principally the two famous Monarchies,
the Mogull and Perſian.
THE FIRST BO O K.
:
LL things are the more, moſt things the better The Indu-
for Addition. In honour and wealth no fault is tion.
found with encreafe; full meales & full pleaſures
too; brim-full have no guard upon them. The
fuller the better: If the husbandry beftowed up-
on this Book hath improv'd the foile, fince you
view'd it laft, the Lyme was yours and charge of
bringing; the fpreading only belongs to mee as
your day-labourer.
To improve on your incouragement, is for
your credit, my delight; both our benefits. The gale you late ſo favourably
lent me ſpred my affection, and againe lancht me into another Ocean. And,
Turpe mihi abire domo, vacuumý redire eft.
I know my new Relations muft endure the touch; yea, and the handling
too. So fhould all Books: But in this Age it fares with Books as with French
toyes, faire to the eyes, well coverd with your empty Gallants, who take the
people with the out-fide bravery; Give me good Lynings.
My minde is like my habit, plaine; and my expreffions (I hope fo) too. If
my new thoughts have added to your bottom, I know you will unwinde gent-
ly for feare of ravelling, and tie a knot where the thread breaks. But if I have
made no Topographic miſtakes, I feare no other deviations.
The firft the fruits of youth and hafte) came abortive into your hands; and
fail'd not of reſpective welcome. Yet in fo cold, fo nipping a Zone, more
cloathing may be accepted of, and which I have woven with fome toyle, but
B
very
2
I
Atlanticum Oceanum Porto Santo. LIB, I
!
!
very willingly, hoping it may diſcover more maturity. I formerly obeyed
my friends, who thought the firft too fhort; this then may prove the happier,
fince I have laboured to give them a ready acknowledgement. Let my errors
therefore reflect on them, and impale me in your favour, for peradventure I
may give boldneffe to your Factors, to fetch exotique rarities in a new divifi-
on of the world, and in affuring their Barques to bring you home, what may
prove worthy your fight and mony. But this lucky gale will fuffer no longer
complement.
The relation of our Sea-voyage, is firft enjoyned me.
1626. Pon Good-Friday, we took fhip at Dover, having fix great & well-man'd
ſhips along with us. In few houres coafting cloſe by the Ile of Wight
(call'd fo from Gwydh a Brittish word fignifying, feene at diftance; Vectis in
Pliny,Vecta in Eutropius ;) where,a fudden and violent guft affaulted us;which,
after an houres rage, fpent it felfe, and blew us the third day (double folem-
niz'd by being the feafts of Mother and Sonne)upon the Lizards point or lands
end of England, the utmoft promontory of Cornwall; and from whence, to
the extreameft cape of Afrique, wee compute our longitude, and not from the
Azores the firft Meridian.
The wind blew faire, fo as the feven and twentieth day wee entred the Spa-
niſh Ocean, the coaſt of Biscay neighbouring us. Ere long, we defcried ſeven
tall ſhips, whom reputing enemies, we bore up to fpeake with, but they pro
ved friends, Hollanders out of the Levant, who drunk our healths as they
paft, by aroring Culverin; and we vomited out a like eccho of thunder,plow-
ing up the liquid Seas in merrineffe., till the nine and twentieth day made us
the ſport of Danger, dancing upon the raging billowes, Eolus from his iron
whiftle bluftering melancholly tunes, a good while heaven and ſea ſeeming
undivided. To which Tune Horace, Od.3.lib.1.
Illi robur et æs triplex
circa pectus erat, qui fragilem truci
Commifit pelago ratem -
Primus; nèc timuit præcipitem Africum
Decertantem Aquilonibus,
nèc triftes hyadas, nèc rabiem Noti.
Atlantic
Ocean.
A heart of braffe that man had fure,
Who in a Barque durft first endure
The raging waves, not valuing life
Midft fierce South-west and Northwinds ftrife.
The Hyads (who clouds feldome want)
Nor bluftring South his Sprite could dant.
Violence has no permanence; in thirty houres, the quarrell 'twixt wind
and fea was ended, and joy in a ferene sky reanimated us, fo as wee ended
March in chafe of a Turkish Pirat, whom with top-gallant top-failes we pur-
fued 6 houres, but (to our griefe) he out-failed us. The firft of April we cut
our paffage into the vaft Atlantick Ocean, by Arabs call'd Magribana, as faith
Marmolius, (nam'd from Atlas Maurus, (brother to the ftar-gazer Prometheus)
from whom two famous Mounts, one in Mauritania, th'other in Lybia, are de-
nominate.) Long we had not been in theſe feas, but another Barbarian Sally
man of Warre came up to us, feulking all night in hope to board the first hee
faw divided; at day break we found the villaine, who, loath to parlee in fire
and ſhot, fled amaine and left us; who fwum fo well, that the third of April
at Titans firſt bluſh we got fight of Porte Santo, a holy Port, (call'd Cerne in
Ptolomy
1
1
LIB.I
3
Canarie.
Ptolomy) commanded by the fuperftitious Spaniard, and of Madara (or Ile of
Wood) from the Canaries 300 miles ;the firft, diſcovered by Pereftrellus, anno
1419.5389 undiſcovered,given him upon condition he would people it,which
he found difficult, the Conies in fuch numbers refifting and undermining him.
The other the fame yeere by Gonzalvo Zarco from incouragement of Henry,
fonne to King Iohn the firſt, of Portugall. The holy Port has five and twenty
miles compaffe, notable in Wheat, Ry, Rice, Oxen, Sheep, Bores, Conies.
Sanguis Draconûm, Fruits, Flowers, and Grapes, at 8 leagues diftance thus re-
fpe&ting us.
Porto Sancto
The fixt of Aprill we had 27 degrees and a halfe, at that inftant deſcrying
the Iles Canaria,of old, fortunate in name though not in quality, undiſcover'd
till the yeare 1328 accidentally by one Machan (or Marcham) an English man,
from whoſe relation Lewes de Cerdeze two yeare after fail'd thither, and by con-
fent of his King, Pedro of Arragon, had liberty of conqueft and benefit; but
long enjoyed neither, Iobn 2. the Caftilian King, Anno 1405 extruding him:
From whom alfo, Ventacurtius a French man fnatches them, but by Iohn de
Betancour a well-defcended Gentleman, kinfman to Bracamonté the French
Admirall,is difpoffeft, Anno 1417 fhipping 10000 voluntiers, by whofe valour
and conftancie he fubdued five of the Iles; La Palma, La Gomera, Lanzarota,
Ferro, and Forteventura, an atchievement honourable, yet fuch vexation pof-
feft the ambitious Gaule that Canarie mafterd him, as made him entertaine
death with an uſeleffe complement; his Nephew Menaldus left heire to what
he had got, and (has added) his misfortunes; Myadus a haughty Biſhop incen-
fing the Caftilian King, by whofe greatneſſe Menaldus is forced thence, glad of
fome compofition pay'd him by Don Barba the Biſhops kinfman. But fee va-
riety! Barba repents the purchafe,and for fmall profit affignes his Title to Don
Fernando Perazzo, whofe brain taking like infection,growes weary of his toile,
and for other imployment parts with his claime to the Prince of Caftile, from
whom 'twas torne by Don Henrico Infant of Spaine, to this day conftant to
Spaniſh fervitude.
Thefe Iles (perhaps the fame Ptolomy and Mela call Deorum currus) are
from the Morocco or Lybian continent 20 leagues, from Spaine 200. fix com-
monly numbred(Cadamaftus,ten,three by fpeculation)by old Authors, Ptolo-
my, Pliny, Strabo, and others, Canaria, Capraria, Nivaria Iunonia, Ombrian (or
Pluvialia,) Aprofita (or fracta lancea) and,as Martiax adds, Caſperia (or Fortu
nata.) At this day thus; Canaria, La palma, Teneriffa,Lancerota, Hierro, La
Gomera, and Forteventura. A word of what they were and are. They knew
no God, but Nature, were ignorant of the ufe of fire, fhaved with flint ftones,
B 2
gave
4
LIB. I
Teneriffa.
1
gave their children to be nurft by Goats, cultured the earth with hornes of
Oxen, abhominated the flaughter of beaſts.
For how can they be good
Who dare each day imbrue their hands in blood.
Like beaſts us'd women in common. No meum tuum. Luft and carelefneffe
ſo vailing them, that little difference was 'twixt them and their cattell.
Sylva domus erat, cibus…
herba, cubilia frondes.
The Woods their dwelling was, the herbes their Diet,
And on the leaves and boughes they flept in quiet.
Some glimmering they had of fuperftition: having alwayes two Kings, one
alive, one dead. The dead they wash and ere& him in a Cave, a fraffe in one
hand, a payle of milk and wine fet by him, to fupport and help him in his
Travell.
At this day are Spaniſh Chriftians. The Inquifition affrighting honeft men
to come among 'em. Grand Canarie is the refidence of the Inquifitor, whither
all the other Iles-repaire for Juftice and other bufineffe. Canarie has 120 miles
circumference, full of many good things, Goats, Beeves, Affes, Hoggs, Barly,
Rye, Rice, variety of Flowers, Grapes, and other excellent fruits. The Ile
as I tooke it, thus feemes at 8 leagues diftance.
Grand
་་་་
Canaria.
Teneriffa,in multitude of Inhabitants compares with great Canary. Exceeds
it in Grapes, yeelding yearely eight and twenty thousand Butts of Sack, out-
braves all the earth for fupereminence. Her high peakTeyda towring fo loftily
into the ayre, as ſeemes not only to penetrate the middle Region, but in a fort
to peepe into heaven it felfe, from whence Larius metaphorically calls it At-
las and Olympus. 'Tis accounted 15 miles high, and feene (in faire weather)fix-
ſcore (ſome ſay 300) Engliſh miles diftant, and ferves as an excellent Pharoe,
exceeding thofe at Cayro on the other fide of Nylus. The fhape I thus prefent,
badly formed.
Teneriffa.
LIB. I
5
Tropicus Cancri.
ތ
Feneriffa:
Teneriffais 20 leagues from Grand Canaria. Hyerro or Ferrum gave it felfe
very high, and beares from grand Canary South and by Weft; which Ile (as be
the reft) fuch time as Phebus is to us vernall, growes infufferable ſcortching.
Famous in one tree(it has but one) which(like the miraculous rock in the De-
fart) affoords ſweet water to all th'Inhabitants, by a heavenly moisture-diſtil-
ling conftantly to the peoples benefit. Heare Sylvefter.
In th'Ile of Iron (one of those fame feven
Whereto our Elders, bappy name have given)
The favage people never drink the ſtreames
of Wells and Rivers, as in other Realmes.
Their drink is in the Ayre ! their guſhing ſpring.
A weeping Tree out of it felfe doth wring.
ATree whofe tender bearded root being spred
In dryeft fand, his sweating leafe doth fhed.
Amost sweet liquor; and (like as the Vine
Vntimely cut, weepes (at her wound) the Wine
In pearled teares,) incessantly diftils
Aroyall ftreame, which all their Cefternsfills
Throughout the Iland; for all hither by,
And all their vefjells, cannot draw it dry!
Oftheſe Iles, Lancarote was taken by that Engliſh Leonidas the Earle of
Cumberland,anno 1596. and Teneriffa 4 yeares after by the Dutch; the first pil
laged, the other burnt ; fince when, both are better fortified.
The ninth of Aprill wee croft the Tropick of Cancer, of like diſtance from Tropic.
the Equator, the utmoft limit of the temperate Zone is from the Pole,called Cancri.
Cancer from Apollo's Crablike retrogradation,moving back in Iune from that
figne in the Zodiac: The 12 day, wee had the wind high and large, fo that in
two dayes faile we made the Sunne our Zenith or verticall point, his declina-
tion at that inftant 14 degrees North; where note, that only then, when we
are Nadyr to the Sunne, wee have no fhadow; as alſo, whereas to all in the
temperate Zone, in the Sunnes Meridian their fhadowes caft North, having
paſt the Zenith, the fhade or umbra becomes contrary.
B 3
Aa
6
LIB. I
Theorie.
Antipodes.
An Obfervation forcing wonder in the Sunne-burnt Arabs upon their de-
fcent into Theffaly, As Lucan notes.
Ignotum vobis (Arabes,) veniſtis in Orbem
Vmbras mirati Nemorum non ire finiftras.
An unknowne world ( Arabians) you invade !
Wondring to fee the Groves jeeld right-hand shade.
And becauſe we have nil nifi pontus et Aer to obferve upon, let us theorize
a little upon the Mathematiques. The Inhabitants within this Zone (the
torrid) we are now in, are call'd Amphifcij, in refpect they caft their fhadowes
both wayes according as the Sunne is in declination, and Afcij or ſhadowleffe,
when sol is Zenith, from which point when it fleets either North or South
the fhadow ever darts contrarily, as falls out when ever the gnomon or cœla-
ted body is interpofed. The perifcij have their fhadow circulating, their
meridionall fhadowes having no existence from the vertice, but oblique and
extended to the plaine of the terreftriall Horizon, glomerating the gnomon
or body opacous; thefe fort of people freezing within the polar circles (of
like diſtance from the pole, the Tropicks are from the Equinoctiall) the pole
being their vertex,and Equator (90 degrees) their dire& Horizon. The Hete-
rofcij are fuch as live in the temperate Zone, whoſe fhadowes at noone day
turne but one way. And this the Mathematicks teach us, that the Heterofeij
comprehend 41 parellells, the Amphifcij leven, the Perifcij (thofe in the fro-
zen Zone) halfe the yeare. With thefe, goe others as they ſtand compara-
tively, the Periaci, Antæci, Antichthomes. The firft being fuchas dwell in two
oppofite points of a like circle, one from the other a femicircle or 180 de-
grees,fo they be numbred after leffer parellells. The Anteci are alfo oppofite,
but vary neither in Meridian nor æquidiftance from the Horizon, reſpecting
either Hemiſphere.
ខ
The Antipodes are fuch as be feet to feet, a preciſe ſtraight line paffing cho-
row the Center from one fide to another: differing fro the Perieci by degrees
of a ſmaller circle, whence we obferve,that ſuch as be to us Periaci, be Antaci
to our Antichthones, each inverted to other in a perfe&t contrary. Nor doubt
wee that there be, Antipodes, (the vaile of ftupid ignorance being rent
away) the ſphericity of the world, and that every place in the earth (tho op-
pofite)is habitable,now ſo well knowne as nothing feemes more familiar.Not-
withſtanding, it was not fo of old, when Boniface Biſhop of Mentz (a Clerke
well learned in that blockifh age) was excommunicated by Pope Zachary
Anno 745. for maintaining fuch a paradox, yea was fentenc'd to be burnt for a
heretick except hee had re canted: the holy Father bringing in Saint Auguftin
againſt it in his 16. book de civit. Dei, Qui Antipodas effe fabulantur, &c. nul-
lo modo credendum eft: and Lactantius another great Scholler deriding it in
his third booke of Inftitutions. Very ftrange, fuch famous men to bee fo ill
read in Chorography: efpecially, fince fuch a tenet was proved before them
by many: by Euclyde, by Cicero in his 4. lib. de Academ. question. by Tyberia-
nus who records an old letter beginning, Superi inferis, Salutem, by Strabo,
and of all others moft ingeniouſly by Lucretius, lib. 1.
Illi cum videant Solem, nos fydera noctis
Cernere, & alternis nobifcum tempora cœli
Dividere, & noctes pariles agitare diebus:
Sed vanus ftolidis hæc omnia parturit error.
When they fee Sunne, we fee the lamps of night,
And with alternall courses times do change,
Dividing equall darke with equall light:
But error vaine in fooles makes the fe feeme strange.
Το
ነ
L1B. I
7
Tornados.
To returne: in changing ſo many parellels, the weather increaft from
warme to raging hot, the Sunne flaming all day, infomuch that Calentures
began to vexe us. A failer either by accident or infection falling from the
fhrowds into the mercileffe waves aggravating our extremity, increaſed by a
violent guft and ſtorme of wind and raine which in 6 degrees fuddenly affrigh-
ted us, the fquiffe (faftned to the upper deck) in leffe than two houres being
fild with nalty raine, ending in thunder and flash, mingling terribly, a great
while the Tornado troubling us, a weather fo incertaine and variable as is ad- Tornathos.
mirable; now blowing fresh and faire, and forthwith ftorming outragiously,
in one houres ſpace the wind veering about every point of the compaffe:
The winds from East,Weft,North,and South advance Vna Eurufq; Notufq; ruunt, Zephirufq; maligno
Their force, and urge the furious waves to dance.
flumine, tum Boreas.
The infe&tious raines moft damnifying the poore faylers, who must be up-
on the decks to hand in their failes, abiding the brunt, and (which is worfe)
commonly get forthwith into their beds (or hamackoes) refting their tyred
bodies in wet nafty clothes, thereby breeding many furious and mortall dif-
cafes, as burning Feavers, Calentures, Fluxes, Aches, Scurvy, and the like;
which doubtleffe,did they moderate their bibbing ftrong waters,and fhift their
filthy apparell, might be prevented: Other unlucky accidents happen in theſe
feas to vexe them, as when (in moft becalmings) they fwim in the bearing
Ocean, the greedy Tuberon or Shark arm'd with a double row of venemous
teeth purſues them, directed by a little Rhombus, Mufculus or pilot-fifh that
fcuds to and fro to bring intelligence,
His body is right faire, though feeming ſmall,
And fitly him by name of Guide they call.
Muſculus eft parvus vifu, fed corpore pulchro
Hinc pifcem vero du&torem nomine dicunt.
the shark for his kindneffe, fuffring it to fuck when it pleaſeth. Many
have beene devoured by this ravenous Dogge-fifh, more have fuffered in
their members, whoſe ſhape (miſtaken in the pofture by the Ingraver) is thus
reſembled.
a
Sharke fish
و
1
8.
LIB. I
Hefperida.
1
Cape Verd.
By this, under 13. degrees we are parrellel with Sierra Leon a Cape land
upon
the Lybian fhoare,by old Geographers improperly cal'd Deorum currus,
Frons Africa, Tagazza and Zanguebai in Thevet and Marmolins: ftrengthned
by a Caſtle built by the Spaniard, famouſed for refreshing our English Neptune,
Drake, at his returne from circumnavigating the body of the whole Earth:
and that thence to Bab mandel, (the entrance into the red Sea) Africk is no
where broader.
The Inhabitants here along the Guinea coaft, Bynnin, Cape Palmas, Lopez
Gonzalvo, &c. know no God, nor are willing to bee inftructed by Nature.
Scire nihil, jucundiffimum. Howbeit, the divell (who will not want his cere-
mony) has infuſed demonomy and prodigious idolatry into their hearts,
enough to relliſh the divells pallat and agrandize their owne tortures, when
hee gets power to fry their foules, as the raging Sunne has fcorcht their
bodies.
A Ship of ours coafting along and landing for diſcovery, was fo admired at
by the Salvages, as if they never had feene men nor Ship afore. Two of our
men adventured the fhoare, (fome hoftages kept in the boat till they return'd)
and are welcom'd by thouſands of thofe naked black skind Ethiopians, who
were fo farre from injury,that they loaded them with Flowers, Fruits, Toddy
and what they judged acceptable: after immeaſurable admirations returning
them ſafe aboard all contented.
April the 18, wee had 15. degrees, and ere morne were in height of Cape
Verd in 14.degr. fo named by Florian.Hefperion cornu & Surrentium in Pliny,
Lybia promontorium in Strabo,of old cald Arfinarium, at this day by the Ne-
groes Mandangan,Hacdar by the Alfarabes. Discovered by Dio Fernandezo, or
Antonio di Nolle a Genoan, Anno 1445. at the charge of King Alphonfus 5.
Hefperida. Famoufed eſpecially in the Hefperian Garden, enricht with Golden Apples,
robd by Alcides in defpight of that hundred-headed Dragon, engendred by
Typhon on Echydna. 'Twas a Greeke fable: who furpaft for lyes. The morall
this. The garden was a fpacious, greene and pleafant Field; the apples of
gold, good fheep worth gold (fuch fheep and fleece as Iafon had) the errour
partly arifing from the word nou, admitting a double conftruction, ſheep
and apple. The Dragon, no other than a meare or fluxe of the Sea,in forme
or nature of a Dragon or Serpent invironing it, fwelling in 100. armes or
fluces: which Hercules (to enrich Spaine) paffed over and exported. The
three faire daughters of Hesperus, were three honeft Ilands in the Weft, ad-
joyning this garden; their names #gla, Arethusa, and Helperthufa, now new
named, Mayo, Sal, and Bonavista: three other neighbouring them, the Atlan-
tiades, which we have no leifure now to treat of, the magnifique Fabrick of
Anthaus calling us away to look upon, but alas we find nothing extant fave
memory; a pallace doubtleffe brave and capacious, the Lord of it being no
meane nor little man: he grew 70. cubits high (a dozen ordinary mens pro-
portion) a proper man, and an excellent log for Hercules to fmite at: yet
(the Greekes perfwade us) his fword could not conquer,nor was he overcome
when by prodigious force loves fonne threw him thrice upon the ground,
the Earth his mother ftill reanimating him; till being perceiv'd, he ftrangled
or choakt him in the helpleffe Aire.
Extreame heat - April 21. Æolus was a ſleep, one breath of Ayre not comforting us, the
Sunne
1
L1B. I
9
Monzoon.
Sunne over-topping us and darting out fuch fiery beames that the Ayre in-
flamed,the Seas ſeemed to burne,our Ship fulphureous,no decks, no awnings
nor invention poffible able to refreſh us, fo that for 7 dayes (70. are better
endured in a zone more temperate) wee fweat and broyle, unable to fleep,
reft, eat or drink without much faintneffe; in this ſpace our Ship making no
way (no current is felt in the vaft Ocean) till the fift day the billowes began
torowle and the Ayre troubled, travelling with an abortive cloud, which
ſuddenly fell downe in forme of an inverted Piramid, wonderfull and dan-
gerous. A cloud (as I apprehend) exhaled by the Sun (a powerfull Magnet)
not agitated by the wind, and miffing the retentive property in the loweft re-
gion, diftills not in fweet drops, but diffudes or falls hideously the whole Spouts of
cloud together, fo impetuoufly into the Ocean, that many great ſhips (as if raine.
a thouſand milftones or cataracts had fallen) have beene dafht and funke paft
all recovery; and what's little leffe formidable, the ſtinking raine is no foener
in the Sea, but (as a fearefull farwell) a whirlewind circles with fuch vio-
lence as helps the cloud to lash the murmuring Seas fo furionfly that oftimes
the waves or furges rebound top gallant height, as if it meant to retaliate the
Ayre in another region: God be praiſed, we mift the rage of raine, the guft
fomewhat affrighted us; but it contraried Seneca's Philofophy. Finis alterius
mali,gradus eft futuri: a pleaſant Breefe firft, increaſing into a happy gale,
cooled the Ayre and pofted us out of thoſe exuberances of nature: fo that
on May day we croft under the Equinoctiall, a circle imagined to divide the Æquator.
world into two equalls, from either Pole ninety degrees, and where we loft
fight of the Sydus Salutare, the Pole-ftarre, of a third magnitude,fixt in the tip
of the little Beares tayle: the Sunne at this time was in the 19. degree of
Taurus; in Artick declination 17. degrees, 31. minutes.
May 6. We had fome thunder and lightning or corpo fanctos, fuch as feeme
good Omens to the fuperftitious Portugalls; and at night, paft by Santo croix,
the holy croffe, every houre expecting the Monzoon, an anniverſary wind Monzon,
that blowes one way fix moneths, and the other halfe yeer the contrary way
conftantly; which if Sea-men neglect they lofe their happy paffage in-
to India.
But how prepofterous the yeere and wind proved elſewhere I know not,
doubtleffe it is the Emblem of inconftancy, experience taught it us; fo
long time proving our Antagoniſt that our paffage to the Cape of good Hope
became fixe weekes longer than we looked for, forc't to runne into much
more longitude than we defired.
May 8. We had 8. degr. ro. minutes Antartick latitude,the Monomotapan on
the one fide,the Brafilian coaft on the other fiding us to the weft. The Afrique
ſhore runs on in divers names,Congo in.6. degr. Angola in 9.Manicongo,Loanga,
Monomotapa, Benomotapa, and Caffaria, full of wretched black skin'd wret-
ches; rich in earth, but miferable in demonomy: the difcovery is given to
many men (the firſt not agreed upon), to Petrus Cavillanius, to Iacobus Ca-
Bus, Bartolmeo de Dyas, Vafco de Gama, and fuch as Iohn 2 King of Portu-
gall imployed about it, Anno 1497. or thereabouts. Let one character ſerve
them all: they look like chimney (weepers; are of no profeffion, except ra-
pine, and villany makes one. Demonis omnia plena. Mokiffes or deformed
Idolls are indeered amongst them,the red Dragon ufurping worſhip in a Dra
C
gons
IO
LIB. I
Angola.
1.
1
po-
gons ſhape, a Goate, an Owle, a Batt, a Snake, a Car, a Dogge, or what the
witches (acheronta movebunt) urge them to, and to adore in an infernall
fture; gaping, whooping, groveling, foyling their hellish carkaffes with
juyce of herbs, ryce, roots, fruits, or what the old impoftor infatuates them
with; the female fex each new Moone defying pale fact Cynthia by turning
up their bummes, imagining her the cauſe of their diftempers. A Dogge is of
An Inhabitant of Angola
:
fuch value here, that 20. falvage men have been made the price of one: their
coyne, are beads of glaffe, fhells, ftones or trafh: they marry not: they bury
thus; the dead are wafht, painted, apparrel'd, and laid to fleep in a neat and
fpacious dormitory, his Armolets, Bracelets, and voluntary fhackles accom-
pany him, they circle the grave with mimmick geftures and ejaculations,
concluding by the facrifice of a lufty Goate, and fo go fatisfied. In Longa and
the
LIB. I Barbarous wretches.
1 I
Trop. Capric.
the Anzigui (whence Nilus drawes his origin, even from Zapre a lake necre
the mountaines of the Moone) the people (if Gonfalvo Soza fay true) are
divels incarnate; not fatisfied with natures treafures, as gold, precious ftones,
ftrength,and the like; the deſtruction of men and women neighbouring them,
better contenting them, whofe dead carkaffes they devoure with a vultures
appetite; whom if they miffe, they ferve their friends(fo they mif call them)
fuch fcurvy fauce, butchering them, thinking they excufe all in a comple-
ment,that they knew no rarer way to expreffe true love than in making (not
two foules) two bodies one in an infeparable union: yea, fome (worne by
age, or worme-eaten by the pox) proffer themſelves to the fhambles, and
accordingly are joynted and fet to fell upon the ftalls. Iuvenal had notice
of them.
The flaughter of a man doth not fuffice
Thefe caniballs we fee,but breasts,armes,ejes,
Like dainty meat they eat.
Afpicimus populos, quorum non fufficit ira
Occidiffe aliq: em;fed fc&tora, brachia,vultum
Crediderint genus elle cibi.
Nothing commendable in them but their Archery, in which they excell
fhooting a dozen fhafts ere the first touch ground; their Amazonian neigh-
bours forcing their care and diligence. The only ornament they have, is
flaſhing and cutting their skinne and faces; the Sunne and Moone are man
and wife, the Starres their children, in their religion; the divell istheir
Oracle.
May 24. We had 19 degrees and a halfe, from whence to the thirtieth degr.
the wind was large and profperous, nothing in that great diftance obfervable,
fave that on the 26 day, our Admirall the Mary (in which one Hall comman-
ded) early difcryed a faile, which he made after with his barge, long boat, and
so. men; at two leagues diftance they perceived her a Carrack of 1500 Tun,
who durft not adventure her hulk againft our ſhot, and therefore made all
failes draw and that night efcaped; tho to grapple her, our fleet divided all
night, but ſaw her not till the 27.day, and but faw her, her velocity fo much
excelled ours;till the 7. of Iune the againe deluded us, after two houres chafe
as a phantafma vanishing towards Goa.
Vpon May day we croft the line, and laft of May the Tropick of Capricorne,
the utmoſt limit of Apollo's progreffe towards the Antartick; and 53 dayes we Capricornis
Tropicus.
fwet within the burning Zone ere we paft under both the Tropiques. The
firft of June, our obfervation was in 24 degrees 42 minutes South latitude, Iunij. I
the Sunne then in 23. degrees, 8'. North, in the 20. degree of Gemizi. In
which height, we had many fudden and violent gufts and formes, contrary to
our defires, unable thereby to direct our courfe, being driven to Lee-ward
Loo leagues upon the coaft of Brazeel, to 25. degr. latitude and 27. of lon-
gitude from the Lizard. Howbeit, poft multos fequitur una ferena dies, for on
the 13. day, in the firft watch, our long lookt for Favonius blew fweetly
upon us.
The West wind (most men know)
From the vast Sea is ever felt to blow.
Semper lenis aura Favoni
Spirat ab Oceano
At which time, fome Boobyes, weary of flight, made our Ship their pearch,
an animall fo fimple as fuffers any to take her without feare, as if a ftupid
C 2
fenfe
12
LIB. I
Fearfull Stormes.
Ætbyopia.
:
ſenſe made her careleffe of danger, which to fympathize I have as fimply for
your ſport depicted.
A Boobie
}
Tis not long, fince I told you how favourably Eolus entertained us, but
his other adjunct is inconftancy; for, veering into another quarter, he began
to puffe and blufter, yea fo furiouſly, that Neptune (weld with rage in ſuch
impatience, that the Tritons (Marriners) grew agaft, not without reafon,
the Cape land thought (not neere enough, and yet) too neere us: for fourė
dayes and nights not daring to beare any faile, but lay ahull, driving whither
the ftorme compelled us, all that while the fea furges fo fublime and impetus
ous, that wee were toft up into the Ayre, and forth with throwne downe as
into an Abiffe, fometimes dancing upon the liquid ridge of a dreadfull wave,
and anon inveloped with many others all feeming to fwallow us, heaven and
fea roaring and commixing in an undivided manner; yet the Lord be praiſed
(having Sea roome and good tite Ships) his providence faved us; in 16 dayes
more, meeting together joyfully at the Cape of good hope: and I con-
feffe ingenioufly, not till then did I feele that Ironic Satyre of Iuvenal
biting us.
I, nunc & ventis animam committe, dolofo
Confifus ligno; Digitis â morte remotus
Quattuor, aut feptem; fi fit latiffima tæda.
June 24.
Goe, now and to the winds thy life commit,
Truſt the ſmooth wood foure or ſeven fingers ſet
From death, the broadest heart of Pine admit.
Wee rais'd the Pole Antartick fix and thirty degrees, our longi-
tude from the Meridian of the Lyzard five and twenty degrees, wanting three
to the Cape; variation three degrees; our courfe E. S. E. the Sunnes declina-
tion, two and twenty degrees, twenty fixe minutes, and as many feconds
North, in the 17. degree of Gemini. The fame time mid-fummer in England,
and mid-winter with us in thofe South clymats. The 7. of Iuly, betimes wee
defcried land and tho threefcore miles diftant (from its height) feemed very
nigh us, proving the place wee aimed at, that famous promontory (now no
longer Tormentozo, but) of good Hope. Howbeit, we could not flie upon the
wings of defire,the wind withſtanding our haft, wherby we let fall our Anchor
(14 leagues fhort of the Bay of Soldania) and went a fhore upon a little Ile
(3 miles round) corruptly cal'd Cony Ile, from the Welsh Cain-yne or white
Ile,
1
LIB. I
13
Cony and Pengwin fles.
Ile, where we kil'd many Conies (or Cats rather) great and rammiſh, bad and
waterish, commended for dainty meat by hungry Sailers, lejunus raro ftoma-
chus vulgaria temnit : It alſo ſuperabounds with Seales (pifcis marinus, as big
as Lyons, and though doggedly viſaged, can out barke them, yea bellow like
Bulls, and from fuch as not till then fee any, may challenge wonder. They
turne to oyle, and give their skins for buffe coates, foft and ferviceable.
Here are alſo birds cal'd Pen-gwins (white-head in Welch) like Pigmies walk-
ing upright, their finns or wings hanging very orderly downe like ſleeves, a
creature, fiſh and fleſh, participating fea and fhore, feeding in the one, breed-
ing in the other; eafie to be caught on land (but that their undermining the
fandy ground for habitacles makes the paffage bad,) at ſea, diving like a Duck,
fwift as a Dolphin ; fat, but oylie; fome dare cat them, curiofity may invite a
tafte, but to make a meale on, unfapory and offenfive: to which May-game
of nature I may inculcate that, made on her acquaintance.
Divide her, I defire but neck and breft,
They favour well: the Cooke may eat the rest.
Tota quidem ponatur anas; fed pecore tantum
& cervice fapit; cætera redde coquo.
For whofe further fatisfaction the Idaa I preſent you, not drawne by
Phydias.
A Pen-gmin...
Pen-gwin Ile is 6 or 7 leagues from the continent, which when wee got
afterne we grew becalm'd, land-lockt in a fort, and were fported all the way
(till we dropt anchor) by Whales, the Seas Leviathan, who after their man-
ner thundred our welcome into Ethiopia, fuzzing or ſpouting part of the
briny Ocean in wantonneffe out of their oylie pipes bored by nature a top
their prodigious ſhoulders, like fo many floating Ilands concomitating us.
The 1. of Inly wee anchor'd with fafety in the Soldania Bay, 12 leagues
fhort of the utmoſt Cape: a Road worthily cald good Hope, by King Ioh
2. of Portugal rejecting that of Tempeftuous firſt impoſed by Gama, in that
if any attaine hither, their Indian voyage is halfe done, and the other part
leffe folitary, fo many excellent Ilands entertaining them.
The Soldania Bay is of a femi-lunary forme; large and fafe; high, s or 6
miles from the fea; towards the fhoare,low and fruitfull. Where we pitch our
Tents,is a ſmall ſtreame of Chryftallin water, exceeding ſweet,trickling from
a mighty
¡
14
LIB. I
Cape of good Hope:
Æthiopia.
a mighty mountaine 4 miles from the Sea; and in a perpendicular eleven
thoufand eight hundred and fixty foot; from its refemblances commonly
cald the Table; the afcent uneafie, but most pleafant at the top, difcerning
thence 100 miles into the Ocean, and looking S. S. W. we ſee the Cape or
extreame point of Africk 12 leagues cff, whofe character in the inhabitants
feemes long fince to be drawne in this faune diftich.
Extremique hominum maris ad vada falſa feorfim By falt feas limited, the Worlds end wee
Degimus: ac nobifcum nemo negocia miſcet. Inhabit;none with us to trade agree.
:
And from this Table,or from Herberts mount (a Piramid adjoyning,like the
Sugar loafe, another hill fo named) we fee Cape Falfo S. and by E.ten leagues;
either of theſe great Promontories are divided by a Bay, but inconvenient to
ride in the dift.nce of each Cape is 10 miles from North to South; either
fide environed with mountaines fo lofty as feeme to penetrate the middle
region with their afpiring foreheads, where they find fufficient moyfture to
coole their ambition: another river cal'd Iaquelina, ftreames upon the N.
fide of the roade,halfe a league from our Tents (under King Iames his mount
we ufually pitch them) broader than our rio dulce: but by a low courfe and
too long ſporting with the briny Ocean it tafts brackish and infalubrious; it
is foordable without boate or Elephant, and gives variety of Shell-fish, as
Tortoifes, Limpits, Muffels, Cockels, Crabs, Rock-fifh, and Mullets, Cra-
fish, Thornback, Gudgeon, Eeeles, &c. The Earth abounds with roots, herbs
and graffe aromatique, redolent and beneficiall: fuch as I took notice of, I
may dare to name; Agrimony, Mynt, Calamint, Betony, Plantain, Ribwort,
Spinage, Sorell, Scabious,Holy Thiftle, and (of which beware) Coliquintida:
all the yeer long,nature roabing the fruitfull earth with her choifeft Tapiſtry,
Flora feeming to dreffe her felfe with artleffe Garlands; Alcinoe and Tempe
ferving as Emblems to this Elyfium. Quamvis enim montofa appareat, & col-
libus multis diftin&a,interim tamen multis vallibus, filvis, pratifque decorata
eft, gramina & flores fuaviffimè olentes, magna copia producit. Cervofque &
færas & leones multo numero nutrit, quæ omnia visu & afpectu longe jucun-
diffime exiftunt: preterea, limpidiffimis fentibus fcatet quamplurimis, qui non
fine gratiffimo fufurro, de montibus altis prorumpentes, fluminibus fefe paſſim
infinuant, cum eis poftmodum in mare exonerantur.
The Mountaines, without doubt,abound with Marquifate and all rich Mi-
neralls, which for want of fearch are yet undilucidated: the chiefe refreſh-
ment we get here is water, bunch-backt Buffolos and Sheep, not of Iafons
race; thefe in leiw of wooll, have haire parti-coloured, long leg'd, leane bo-
died, not caus'd by want of pafture, rather from too high feeding, or from
reſtleffe moving with their tripping Mafters. But, the land exuberates in
many other Animalls. Lyons, (which uſually ſteale Beefe out of the water
when Ships are here,fire or a lighted match only fearing the Dromidaries,
Antilopes, Apes, Baboons, (venerious ones) Zebra, Wolves, Foxes, Iackalls,
Doggs, Cats, and others; and in birds, as Eftriches, Vultures, Cranes, and
Paffe flemingoes, whoſe feathers (equallizing the birds of Paradife) are rich
crimson and pure white fo amiably commixed,that above others it inticed my
pains to prefent it you,which fhall terminate our curiofity touching the earth,
& commence an Anatomy lecture of the moſt favage (of all ſavage) inhabitants.
The
LIB. I
15
Cape of good Hope.
Pafche_Flemingo.
α
The Cape of good Hope elevates the Antartick-Pole foure and thirty de-
grees 3 minutes; has longitude from the Meridian of the Lyzard 28 degrees,
and Weſterly variation, one degree, and about forty minutes: diſtant from
England about 6600 miles English; (or 2200 leagues, which at Sea we uſually
reckon by) from Saint Helena S.E.600 leagues; from Iava major 1850 leagues;
from Surat 1800. This land is the furtheft part of the old knowne world,
god Terminus here eſpecially triumphing. Afrique in holy writ is called
(from Cham Chamefia: Lybia by the Greeks: Befecath by the Indians: by Leo,
Iphrychia: by Thevet, Alkebulan : by Pliny, Atlantia & Aetheria. Aphrica and
Ethiopia in their Etimon are not difcrepant: the firſt from
and opixing
without cold: the other from all and to fcorch the face: but fome
would have the one from Afer fonne of Abram and Getura: the other from
Æthiops fonne of (Cham or) Vulcan. That it is part of Ethiopia, wee muſt
prove againſt inconfiderat Landinus who will not be perfwaded, any part fo
nam'd, exceeds the Tropicks. Aethiopia is (therefore) either fuperiour, from
6 degrees North to the Ne plus ultra, compriſing Mauritania, Lybia, Guiney,
Cape Verd,&c. or inferiour, from thence ftretching South to this promontory
by Zanzibar, Monomotapa, Manicongo, Angola, Caffaria,&c. by Homer alfo, di-
vided into two extra et intra,allowing it the better halfe of Africk, termina-
ted (faith he) on Eaft, Weft, and South by the Ocean; Ethiopes, Etherij &
Macrobij qui Africum ad Auftrale mare habitant. Herod.lib.3. admitting which,
it muft needs tranfcend the Tropicks: the moft Authentique of Poets is of
this opinion. Od.13.
.
The utmost fort of people (knowne to man)
Is the divided Ethiopian.
Let us then examine the difcoverer.
Extremos homin ûm Æthiopes, geminiſq;
diremptos partibus.
Ptolomy nor Pliny knew it not; that report of Herodotus gayning little cre-
dit, who labours to perfwade as in his fourth book, how Pharao Necko (after
his
16
LIB. I
Savage Inbabitants.
Æthiopia.
his loffe of 1200000 men imploy'd to make the red and mid-land Sea as one)
incouraged the Phoenicians (then, proud of their Art in Navigation) to fur-
round Afrique, which to pleaſe him but more for glory, they undertook,and in
three yeares effected. But fure, fo excellent an adventure (if it had beene fo)
could not have eſcaped the bufie pens of the Ægyptians and Greeks, who for
want of true matter,invented a thouſand Fables. The first threfore we can ho-
nour (as fayes Oforius) is, Vafco de Gama or Bartolo de Dios, Lufitanians,anno
1497. from Adam $467.by importunity of that excellent Prince, Iohn 2. coaft-
ing hither and fo into the Orient.
The Country is rich and fruitfull in her womb, but owned by an accurfed
Progeny of Cham, who differ in nothing from bruit beafts fave forme ; a peo-
ple by fome call'd (metonimically) Caffarrs or Atheiſts; Anarchy confounds
order, no Prince of power or policie awing them: each Canton commanded
by a Captaine, not chofen by voice but as force urges it. Captain Fitz-Her-
bert fome yeares fince ceremoniouſly devoted the Title to our King, in a me-
moriall new naming two little rifing Mounts 'twixt the Sea and Sugar loafe,
King James and Prince Charles their Mounts, (our now dread Soveraigne;)
Give we an exact Idea of the Inhabitants.
;
The People
Their colour is ugly black, are strongly limbd, defperate, crafty, and inju-
described. rious. Their heads are long; their haire, woolly and crifpt, no apparell in
any place fhewing more variety. Some fhave one fide and leave the other long
and curled. Another cuts all away, a little tuft atop, excepted ; a third (think-
ing his invention beft) fhaves here and there, the bald fcull appearing in many
places; and otherfome, (not unlike Occafion) fhave away all fave a lock be-
fore, ofno uſe, fave ornament. Such as have tufts, or haire, plait braffe but-
tons, fpurre.rowells, pieces of pewter, or what elfe the mirthfull Sayler ex-
change for Beefe, Mutton, Woodforrell, Oeftrich egge-fhells, little Tor-
toifes,&c. their eares are long, made longer by ponderous Bables they hang
there, fome ufing links of braffe, of iron, others have glaffe-beads,chains,blew
ftones, bullets, or Oyfter-fhells. And fuch as cannot reach to fuch jewells
(rather than be without) have fingles of Deare, beaks of birds, Doggs or Cats
ftones, Egg fhells, or the like: their noses are flat, cruſht fo in their infancie
great lips, defcription cannot make them greater; quick crafty eyes;and about
their necks (in imitation of the Dutch Commandores chaines) have guts and
raw-puddings, ferving both for food and complement, eating and fpeaking
both together. Yet of late they have got hoopes of iron, and long links of
braffe, graffe wreathes, or greafie thongs of ftinking leather. Their armes are
loaden with voluntary fhackles of iron, Jvory, rufty braffe, or mufty copper.
The reft of their bodies are naked, fave that a thong or girdle of raw leather
circles them, a fquare peece (like the back of a Glove) is faftned to it, ferving
to cover their pudenda. But I cannot commend their modefty, the women
(upon receipt of any thing) returning her gratitude by diſcovering her ſhame,
a curtefie taught them by fome ill-bred Boore, our men I hope have more
civility. The grand Seigniors among them have better cloathing; a nafty un-
tand hide or skin of a Lyon, Leopard, Calfe, Baboon, or Sheep (the haire in-
verted) is as a roabe put about their fhoulders reaching to their wafte,thighes
and legges never covered, their feet faftned to a broad peece of leather, tied
by a little ftrap, reſembling the Roman crepidula, not alwayes worne; their
hands
LIB. I
17
The Soldaniaes defcribed.
hands for the moſt part hold them, not that they feare to weare them out, but
that their feet may have their liberty to fteale, which with their toes they can
doe moſt daintily, all the while looking you in the face as if they knew not
how to deceive any. Moft of the men are Semi-Eunuchs,one ftone ever be-
ing tane away by the Nurſe, either to diſtinguiſh them from ordinary men,
or that Miftreffe Venus allure them not from Pallas. The women alſo excife
themſelves, not from a Notion of religion but as an ornament: Both fex, hi-
deouſly cut, and gaſh, and pink in fundry works, their browes, nofe, cheeks,
armes, breft, back, belly, thighes and legges in Acherontick order: in a word,
are fo deformed, that if they had ftudied to become antick, they might be
praiſed for invention.
Antra lares, dumeta thoros, canacula rupes; They have no houfes, Caves
and holes they delight to dwell in, or Lyons dennes, unfurniſhed, but per-
fum'd I warrant you, a whole Tribe commonly keeping together, equally vil-
lanous, coupling without diſtinction, the name of wife or brother unknowne
among these inceftuous Troglodites: feeding, fleeping, fpeaking all together
without order or law; in the night fleepinground a fire,a Centinell regarding
the Lyons their adverfaries, 'twixt whom is fuch hate and ftratagems, Vioitur
ex rapto that one eat other, the Lyon fuddenly tearing fome of them,and they
other times trayning the Lyons over cover'd pits, which catches them, and fo
retaliating; flaying and eating them to day, who perhaps were Sepulchres to
their friends or parents the day before. Other times they dawb and rub their
skinne with greaſe and coale, and fo indent it, drying them in the Sunne, by
that trick becomming Monſters to all civill eyes that look them upon.
By what I have faid, you may imagine their pallats are not very delicate.
Solinus calls the tawny Africans, Agriophagi (or Panther and Lyon-eaters) we
now call them Ithio and Anthropophagi, a degree more barbarous than the
Lyons, of whom tis faid, Mortuorum cadavera non guftant; quod vivit, corri-
piunt et ex eo comedunt. But thefe Savages eat men alive or dead, as in both
kinds many poore men have lamentably made experience of. Which whe they
faile of, dead Whales, Seales, Pengwins, greafe or raw Puddings diet them.
Safety is fcarce among themfelves, for when the froft of old age benums their
vigour, unapting them to provide their owne food, they either eat them, or
leave them deftitute of defence upon fome Mountain, pittied by none, where
famine kills them, or the ravening Lions.
With thefe, no violent death nor 'stroying rage
of Luft, is halfe fo dreadfull as old age.
Non præmaturi cineres, nec funus acerbum
Luxuriæ, fed morte magis metuenda fene&us.
The leffe to be admired at, for where God is not knowne, what villany is
unwarrantable. Ariftotle a Heathen (I remember) could make it a maxime.
x lib.de cœlo. Omnes homines Notionem Deorum habent,&c. And another. Vni-
verſum genus humanum ubig, Terrarum colit Deum verum vel falfum. Which is
beleey'd by moft men, and I dare not oppoſe it. Notwithſtanding, though I
made all fignes,and tried each way poffible to diſcover fome fpark of devotion,
of the knowledge of God, heaven, hell, or imortality; I could not finde any
thing that way, no place of worſhip, no day of reft, no order in Nature, no
fhame, no truth, no ceremony in births, or burials, meere brutifhneffe and ftu-
pidneffe wholly ſhadowing them.
D
The
18
I
Savage Inbabitants.
B. Æthiopia.
.
LIBThe women give fuck, the Vberous dugg ftretched over her naked fhoul-
der: the ſhape of which Soldanias with a landskip of the Table and other
Mounts, loe here prefented.
A man and woman att the Cape of good Hope
Herberts, mount
The Table
Suger Leafe
и
Tame's
f
Souldanja bay
Their language is apifhly founded(with whom tis thought they mixe unna-
turally) the idiom very hard to be counterfeited, fome words I gather'd from
one of the graveft of them, which (being voyced like the Irish) if I give it
hardly to be pronounced, you may excufe mee, in that Pling confeffes in the
Proem of his's lib.Nat.hiftor. That their names and Townes were ineffable,
or not to be diſtinguiſhed. Theſe be Anonymi and fo more barbarous. Their
Arithmetick exceeds not ten. Iftwee x. Iftum 2. Iftgwunny 3. Hacky 4. Croes.
Iftgunny 6. Chowhawgh 7. Rishow 8. Cubo 9. and Ghefly 10. A knife droef, a
quill guafaco, a hatt twubba, a noſe tweam, aſword dushingro, a book bueem, a
1
་
ſhip
}
LIB.I
19
Revengefull Savages.
Etbyopia.
ſhip chikunny, water chtammey, braffe badderchereef, askingwummey, a brace-
let whohoop, eggshells fun, ſeales barkaſh, a woman traqueosh, bread bara, give
me quo, the yard gwammey, ſtones wchraef, womb wchieep, paps femigwe, ge-
niter Iftcoom,&c.
Todraw to an end, (left Mindus gates be opened) many beafts we got here
for refreſhment, ſuch and the good fallads and baths quickly recuring above
300 of our men (till their landing) nigh dead of the fcurvie. Anno 1600 Sir
James Lancaster had 1000 Sheep and so Oxen for Trifles. Wee had no want,
and might have had more but for a trick the Hollanders put upon our Nation;
riding here with our Colours out, and killing fome of the people when they
had got their ends, that at our arrivall wee might be the tafelier ufed; they
traine their cattell to fuch obedience, as with a Call or Whiſtle (impoffible to
be counterfeited) a great Heard will follow them like dogges, and being fold,
with a like Call will as readily runne after them,to the purchafers coftly mirth
and admiration ; a deceit fo long fo unjustly acted,that now (to prevent them)
our men upon delivery of each beaft, either kill it quickly, or fatten their
hornes with cords to ftakes plac'd here of purpoſe: and to fay truly, by the
friendſhip and good dealing our men uſe to them (Nomen amicitie barbara cor-
da mover) our eſteeme among them is more gratious than of Portugall, Dane,
or Flemmin.
Their Art in Warre is guided by diforder, their weapon no other than a
Javelin headed with iron, and directed by fome feathers, which they take off
and on at pleaſure ; fome quarrels happend (by fome mens indifcretion) twixt
us and them, and I know a dozen Mufquets will chafe 1000, at every diſcharge
falling downe as thunder-ftruck. Yet let me adviſe our Men to avoid need-
leffe bravadoes, and not contemne them from their indefenſive nakedneffe,
or by a fupercilious conceit of their owne weapons and field practiſes. Exem-
pla docent. Almeyda the braveft Captaine the Portugals ever had, after many
glorious atchievements in Afia and Africk, thought invincible, and returning
home anno is to out of India: Hee, eleven Captaines and many other gallant
men, upon a ſmall affront putting fome of the Savages to death (who grew
defperate in revenge) were fet upon by theſe naked Barbarians, and flaine
every one of them. Qui (faith Oforius) cumper medias flammas, per pilas innu-
merabiles, per tela, per gladios, fine ulla formidinis fignificatione ruentes, maxi-
mum terrorem hoftibus intuliſſent et infignes victorias contra innumerabiles ini-
micos adepti fuiſſent, tunc à pancis hominibus inermibus atý, nudis interfeci et
Spoliati fuerunt. And as fimple as they feeme, they are witty enough in craft,
revenge, and villany. I will end all in a fuccinct character Salvian libro de vero
judicio has made of all the Africans. Omnes quippe gentes habent ficut peculia-
ria mala, ita etiam quædam bona ; in Afris pene omnibus infunt omnia maka :
inhumani, impuri, ebriofi, falſiſſimi, fraudulentiffimi, cupidiffimi, perfidiffimi,
& obfcanis libidinum omnium impuritati & blafphemiis addictiffimi,&c.
The 19.of Iuly we weighed anchor fro the Cape of Good Hope,bending our
Our parting
courfe towards Madagascar, the wind was favourable till fuch time as Cape fro the Gapes
Fallo was doubled, for then being off to Sea we perceiv'd a ftorme intended
us,happy in fight of a ſmall black bird,long wingd (in-juftly by Seamen call'd
the divells bird) an Antimilago never feene but againſt ftormy weather;
doubtleffe it is a warning from God rather, as bee the Pantado birds (like
Hayes in colours) who about theſe remote feas are ever flying and give Sea-
D2
men
20
LIB. I
Stormes.
A rare Fowle.
men an infallible incouragement (when neither founding nor obfervation
from Sunne, Moone nor Planets for many dayes are had) they are upon this
coaft, theſe birds and Sargaffes or Trumbaes (eradicated by ftormes) being
never ſeene in fuch quantity in any other part of the univerſe, upon thefe for
so. leagues into the fea feldome failing our intelligence. The three and
twentieth of Inly the wind got up, inraging the reftleffe Ocean; one furging
wave (I well remember) ftriking us fo pat upon our broad fide, as forced our
Ship in defpight of her helme (then cloſe by the Lee) to turne about above
5 points in the compaffe, the noyfe not inferiour to a Cannon; infomuch,our
Captaine cryed out we had ftruck upon a rock, but his error quickly appea-
red (after ſo great a thunder) the wave flaſhing upon our decks ſo much falt
water as foundly wafht us all; the ftorme continuing till the eight and twen-
tieth day, when veering into a milder quarter (our courfe E. N. E.) it grew
calme and moderate.
And now that the Seas are peaceable, the Ayre calme, the Skie ferene; let
us look about for fome Ile or other, that; (if poffible) which Venetus (per-
haps from an Optick glaffe upon a Tarrafe beyond Tartary) defcried in
this fea and about this place; where we find none refembling; but hee not only
affures an Ile, but faw a bird there (his multiplying glaffe deceived him)
fo big as a Ship, and fo ftrong as in her tallons can eaſily gripe and truffe up
an Elephant: I will not paraphraſe, take his phantafma in his owne expanfion,
Nam falfa eft veris affinia multa locutus. In quadam Infula verfus Meridiem
prope Madagascar, certo Anni tempore apparet mirabilis fpecies Avis, que Ruc
appellatur. Aquile quidem habens effigiem, fed immenfe magnitudinis: pleraf-
que alarum pennas habet, in longitudine continentes duodecim paſſus, fpiffitudi-
nem vero ejus proportionem tenere longitudinis, & totum Avis corpus pennis
proportione refpondet. Eft etiam tanta fortitudinis, ut fola fine aliquo admini-
culo Elephantem capeat & in fublime fuftollit, atque iterum ad terram cadere
finat quo carnibus ejus vefci poffet. A bird worthy of Gefwers knowledge
and which we will ranck with thofe Gryffins that guard the Ophyrian Mounts
of gold againſt the Arimafpi (who from wincking when they shoot are faid
to be Monoculi) not feldome from their Scythic holes attempting the con-
queft of Mammon inclos'd in the Rhyphean hills, as Toftatus ex Rabano, Æf
chilus, Dionyfius and Herodotus would perfwade us: rejecting which, let
us reft a while upon Madagascar the Empreffe of all the Ilands in the
Vniverfe.
?
>
MADAGASCAR, fo called by the Natives; by Ptolomy, Menuthjas;
by M.Paulus Venetns, Magafter; by Thevetus, Albagra, by Marcator, Do Cerne,
(both unwifely:) by Triſtan d'Acnna the Portuguiſe (who difcovered it Anno
Dom. 1508.) Saint Lawrence; that day he firft veiwed it: howbeit I find great
difference in Spaniſh writers about the firft that landed here. Some faying
that Emanuel Telezo de Menezes anchor'd here two yeere before d'Acuna:
and Oforius in his 4.lib. de vita Emanuelis reg. port. fo. 140. faies, that Fernando
Suario and Roderigo Frierio, two Marriners in two Ships returning from India
to Lisbon, Anno 1506. accidentally fell upon this fle, and fuffered from the
trechery of the favage inhabitants, and that in honor of Lawrence fonne of
Almeida the Admirall and Commander of all the Forts in India, from his
name named it; but in his 5.book fol. 162. that D'Acuna named it. Let us now
a fhoare; our obſervation may prove more confequentious.
Madagaſcar
LIB. I
Madagaſcar difcribed.
21
Madagaſcar (that name ſounds beft) is queftionleffe the greateſt Iland in
the world: accounting its extent from Cape Roma in the South, to point
Saint Sebastian, from 16 to fix and twenty degrees; the North end, parralel-
ling Cuama in Quiloa (a famous part of the Africk continent:) and to the
South, the great River of Magnice in 26 degrees; in length a thouſand Eng-
lifh miles (fome report 1200.) in breadth, in fome part 230. Oforius numbers
400. and a hundred where 'tis narroweft, full of Townes, People, Mineralls,
Beafts, Wood, Water, and what's requirable.
Pars regn
Congi
Nilus
fluv:
Mangala
Inf: Sti
Lazary
Africa meredional
pars
Mozambique
Prestij
Johanis
Melinde
Domingo
goxes.
Angola
Zairo
facus
Zembra
luna mon tes
pars
Africa
Matacha
butua
rde
Pigos
Banego
Caphala
Allontanza
pars
用
​John de
neva
Comro
nohalie
hanna
neotteic
Cady angoda angelo
andro
Sebast
ans point
Cape Maro
Madagaſcarr.
arco
M
Point antagi
ananbale
C
"buxos jy
For Shoutes
Matatand
t lacoboی
antabos ta
Best Augusti
= Сарс
Mauritius
Englands
glands fores
pri-Corn
enj
23
6d' 5" Lawren
Sto Luzia
Trop
&
Maria
Pifcaria
paralis
Torra
funita prime
Formosa
Ethiopia
Mono motapa
A
ap
Infante
quillas
Que Falso
good hope
VAS
LOVITE
Infomarts
Such Marittim townes and ports as be knowne to us are thefe: Roma, Au-
guſtine, Antaboſta, St. Iacobo, Matatana, Augoda, Ferendo, Fermofo, Anton-gill.
and Iungomar, the 2. laſt almoft oppoſite: Auguſtine (under the South Tro-
pick) and Aston-gill (upon the Eaft fide) affoord beft anchoring: the firft,
we ufually ride in paffing to Surat, the other home bound is beft; as Sir
James Lancaſter Anse 1600. made proofe of, in s. fadom water, in the bot-
tome of the Bay (a fmall Ile behind them to ſea) ozie ground, the place good
for victualling, ayre quick and healthfull. Howbeit, the Dutch, at this place
2. moneths formerly (through diftempers) loft 200. men, of agues and fluxes:
the variation at Augustine Bay is 16. degrees.
The whole le is Tetrarchicall, 4. feverall Kings fwaying their Ebony
Scepters in cach Toparchy; jealous each of one anothers greatneffe. The
Sea
22
LIB. I
Madagaſcar.
1
Sea townes are infected with Mahometifme; the Mediterran, are eclips'd in
black Idolatry : Nature has given them lawes, murder being punifht by death,
adultery with publique fhame, and theft with banishment. Fiſhing delights
them more than tillage: Thetis is better accounted of then Ceres: yet I ra-
ther think, their ignorance in agriculture fo difpofes it. The people are gene-
rally ftrong, couragious, and proper; the male fort, from their infancy pra-
&ifing the rude poftures of Mars, cover their naked bodies with long and
maffie Targets, their right hand brandishing a long neat pike or lance of Ebo-
ny, barb'd with iron, kept as bright as filver, and which they know how to
ule and jaculate as excellently as any people in the Univerfe: they are
black,at no time fhading their bodies from the parching Sunne, rather delight
to rub and annoint all over with greafe and tallow, proud to fee their flesh
ſhine, the ſtinck never offending them, their haire is black, and long, and
curled; the length is an eſpeciall ornament; a few leaves plaited about their
waifts, elſewhere naked, their eares are bor'd and wide enough; pincking and
cutting the flesh, is here alfo in faſhion: whiles the better fex feeke prey
abroad, the women (therein, like themſelves) keep conftant home and fpin:
bigamy is tolerated; they affect copulation very early, the youth fearce know-
ing 12.the maiden 1o. yeeres in the world the name Virginity. They are de-
lighted with ſports and novelties; hunting, hawking, fishing, (of which, the
Ile affoords variety) and dancing, in Meanders winding, beating and clapping
their breaſts and hands, their feete fpurning the yeelding fands, forcing the
fpectators further of; during which, the women with favage harmony, mo-
dulate with hands and eyes, obferving an exact meaſure, equall if not exceed
the men in their more laborious treadings.
i
They know not letters, Arts are burdeníome, to idle favages, they com-
pleat that jeere of Sophocles, Nihil fcire, nil jucundiushowbeit, neceffity
has taught them fome parts of the rudiments of Arithmetick; the number
10. limits their invention, Io,1. Tone,2, Tello,3. Effed, 4. Fruto,s. Woubla,6.
Sidda,7. Fonlo,8. Malo,9. Nel, 10. The earth is rich in myñeralls and mer-
quifate, Gold, Silver, (and as Edoard Lopezo) Iron and Copper: but, by
hearing the cruelty and avarice of the Portugall, prohibit the afe and dig-
ging it, contenting themſelves rather with ufefull hearbs and graine (of
which they have great ftore) than by the Magique of gold and pearle to allure
the hearts of greedy men; a vice, the Portugall is more branded with than
any other Nation.
Nec Babylonis opes, Lydæ, nec pondera gazæ,
Indorumq; dapes, Særumq; Arabumq; potentes
Divitias, mallim cum paupertate pudica
Intemerata mori, quam famam impendere vitæ.
Not Crafus wealth, nor Babels vast command,
India, Arabia nor of Sares land
Can Speake me rich or happy, if with them
I throw away my more price worthy fame.
But, if you will buy any thing the Ile affoords (I think the Ile it felfe) you
muſt furniſh you with Agats, Helitropians, Iafper, and (which they value
more than all the Dyamonds and pearles in India) with long red Cornelian
beades, of which they are ſo proud, that the owner be it King or fubject is
oft dethroned, fpoyled for it, one ftring able to put them all in a cumbuſti-
on: bracelets, copper chaines, bells and babies are valuable alfo here, and for
which, (or one bead of cornelion) you fhall have in exchange, Sheep (big
tail'd like thofe in Syria and Perfia) Beeves and Buffoles, big-bond, fat, and
Camel-
LIB. 1 Madagaſcar.
23
Dangerous Sands.
Camel-backt: Camells, Antilopes, red-Deere, Leopards, Pards, Goats,
Milk, Hens, Egges, Wheat, Barley, Rice and Cufcus, with what fruit you
like; Orenges, Lemons, Lymes, Pomcitrons, Plantans, Sugercanes, Ginger,
Toddy, Cocoes, &c. Nor are the Lyzards, Camelion and Salamanders to bee
loft in oblivion. The Camelion (the hyeroglyphic of a diffembler) take thus
from Alciat.
She alwayes gapes, fe eates the flender Ayre,
Changing her lookes, fhe varies colours rare.
Even fo the Flatterer applauding feeds,
Clawing his Princes moft opprobrious deeds.
Semper hiat, femper tenuem qua vefcitur Auram,
Et mutat faciem, varios fumitque colores.
Sic & adulator populari vefcitur Aura,
Et folum Mores imitatur principis atros,
The Salamander, is in fhape not much unlike; extreame cold by nature,
from whence (like Ice) ſhe can long time indure the fire, yea (if little) extin-
guish flames:
The Salamander, endures fire without danger. Seu Salamandra potens Nullifq; obnoxia flammis.
commonly obſcuring themſelves in moyft and umbragious places, feene
againſt ftormes, their teeth and tongues are mortally venemous, the other
parts eaten without hurt.
Ifere the Salamander hap to bite thee,
Thy coffin and thy winding ſheet invite thee.
Si mordu t'a unie Ariffade,
Pren's ton linceul é la Aaffade
We have faid enough: let my vale-didum now be this ; the Land mournes
to fee it felfe fotrod upon by a people, ftrangers to God and vertue: concea-
ling fuch uſefull treaſures, and making unufefull fo many ports, obfcured
farre beyond her meriting; feated fo advantagiouſly for traffique with all the
world, both the Indies poffible to be awed by her; and vicinating thoſe gol.
den countries of Mozambiq, Quiloa, Soffala, Mombaffa, Magadoxa and other
parts of Ægifimba; proffering alfo many petty Ilands under her, as thoſe of
Cumrko, Primero, Mafcarenas, Caftle Ike, Moritius, Dygarrois, and Englands
Forreft, environing and in a fort defending her upon occafions.
Nine leagues from Madagascar (in a North-Eaft courfe) we had welnigh
(for want of heed) runne upon the tholes of Iudes; fands memorably dan-
gerous, fince Annius a French man with all his Navy here perifhed; our vari-
ation at this time being 13 degrees, 18 minutes in longitude from the Cape,
Whence wee fteered NE. and by E. aiming at Mobelia. By the way, one
of our men tooke a Shark (a man-eating fifh, and who feldome miffe the
hook, out of too much greedineffe) 9 foot fhe was in length and a halfe by
the rule, I fpeak it in this refpect, wee found in her paunch five and fifty
young ones, every fiſh a Geometricall foot in length, 100 of our Ship faw
it) all which, go out and in at pleafure: that night, wee failed merrily by the
Mafcarenas, a Charybdis in 21 degrees, var. 13 and 17 minutes, where fufpe-
&ting no danger, the wind favouring us, wee were at tenne at night throwne
(by an infenfible current) upon the fhoalds of Mozambique, and founding
(where wee thought wee had a 1000 fadome) the plummet or lead found
bare eight fadome: the wind was high, fea rough, and Cynthia clouded; it
ftood our Captaine upon to give fpeedy notice (that night we bore the light
in our maine top) by eccho of 2. roring Culverins warning our Fleet
guided
1
24
L1B. I
Mozambique.
Dolphins.
guided by our Lanterne to tack about, loring our top-failes, and hovering
till day light might help us by diſcovery: at our fecond founding wee had 14
fathoms, 12. 15. and 14. after that; then 22. 24. 33. 35. and 40. fadoms by
which wee faw, the Lord in mercy had (as by a thred) directed our courſe
from out theſe flats of death, and where (if his providence, which let us
ever magnifie, had not prevented it) in halfe an houres fayle further we had
beene caft away moft miſerably:
Cave fis ibi tu forbente charybdi,
Nam neque Neptunus poflet tibi ferre falutem.
From us, learne to avoid that deadly fand,
Where Neptune cannot lend a helping hand.
John de Novo, Primero and other dangerous Iles on every fide invironing us:
we had here 17 degr. 37 min. lat. 20 degr. 20 min. long. cape var. 13 degr.
52. min. the current fets S. W. At day break we were cloſe by the Peninſule
Mozambique (part of Quiloa) inhabited by Negroes; abundant in Gold,
Silver, and Ambergreece; at fmall diftance, that part wee faw appeared
thus unto us:
Mozambique.
which we ſcarce loft fight of, when an Armado of Dolphins affaulted us; and
fuch we falted as we could intice to tafte our hooks or fiffgiggs: a fifh (it me-
rits your patience) from its ſwiftneffe metonymically furnam'd the Prince and
Arrow of the Sea: celebrated by many learned pens,by many Epethites; Phi-
lanthropoi, foraffecting men;Mono-gamoi,for their turtle conftancy; genera-
ted of sperme, nourifht like man, imbrace, joyne, and go great 10 months. In
faciem verfi dulces celebrant hymenaos Dolphines, fimiles hominis complexibus
hærent: a carefull husband over his gravid affociate,detefting inceft,abhorring
bigamy, tenderly affecting their parents, who when 300 yeers old, they feed
and defend againſt other hungry fishes; and when dead (to avoid the Sharks
and like marine Tyrants) carry it afhoare and there(if Aristotle, Elyan,and Pliny
erre not) inhume him and bedew his fepulcher: they were glad of our com-
pany many hundred miles concomitating and frisking about us.
Vndiq; dant faltus, multaque afpergine rorant
Energuntq; iterum, redeuntq; fub æquora rurfus
Inque chori ludunt fpeciem, lafcivaque jactant
Corpora; & acceptum patulis mare naribus efflant.
On every fide they leap and dew their fyn,
Advance from Sea and bathe againe therein
In fport, and measur'd dances, nimbly fling
Themſelves, whilſt ſeas do from their nostrils ſpring.
Six leagues North-Eaft from the laft land, we difcried another Ile, full of
Palmeto trees; the current here fet us 20 leagues forward in 24 houres, the
latitude of this Ile 16 degrees and a halfe, longitude 21 degrees and 28 min.
thus fhaped.
The
LIB. I
25
Fles of Cumrbo.
Caftle
Lland
They of September we difcried land, it prov'd Meottey one of the Iles of
Chumro, feated at the North end of Madagaſcar. It riſes very high to the Eaſt
as we failed by it, mounts in a piramid and views far into the Ocean. Its lati-
tude is 12 degr. 56 min. South,and longitude 23 degr. 59 min. in this fhape pro-
fering it felfe unto my Table book.
Meotty's lic
Airstrea)
Thefe Iles, (call'd the Iles of Cumro) be 5: either becauſe Chumro (of
Cumr-yne the Welshmens Ile) is greater, than the reft, or that it was firft difco-
vered: named Cumro, Meottis, Ioanna, Mohelia & Gazidia: by others thus ;
St. John di Caftro, Spirito Sando, Sancto Christofero, Anguzezia, and Mayotto:
each of them excellent for refreshing paffengers, abounding with delicate
fruit and fuch cattell as are had at eafie prices: none of them are above a hun-
dred miles about yet very populous and full of natures bleffings. Chumro is
the higheſt and beſt land, but branded with the moſt ſubtle and bloody Sava-
ges: Ioanna has courteous people, and fuch as readily help ftrangers in ne-
ceffity: It lately obeyed a Queen rectrix much commended for fagacity, but
now fubmits to a King, who tho tyrannicall yet better fo (as Tacitus pro-
teſts) than be anarchicall; to thefe Iles we fent our boates afhoare (intending
to ride at Mohelia) and returned with Oxen and Buffolls, Goats, and variety
of Fruits,all which were very heartily wellcomed. And tho our Randezvous
be now in fight, fuffer me (whiles in memory) to tell you of a fish or 2 which
in theſe feas were obvious. The Sea Tortoife is not much differing from
thofe at land, her houſe or ſhell is only flatter; by overturning them they
are eaſily taken, difabled then to finck or help themſelves: fome we tooke,
for paftime more than food, they taſte wateriſh and inforce fluxes; they fu-
perabound in eggs, in thoſe we took every one having neere 2000, pale and
E
round,
Sea Tortogſe
26
LiB. t
The Mannatee.
Mobelia.
round, but never made hard though extremely boyled: fome eat them and
the fleſh (or fiſh as you pleaſe to call it), but by the Leviticall law it was for-
bidden; and tho our religion confifts not in ceremonies (ending in the proto-
tipe, our Saviour) yet except famine or novelty fo invite mee, with fuch
cates my pallat craves not to be refreſhed. The Mannatee is good meat, and
from their ufing the fhoare have a fleſhie tafte, refembling in fhew and eating,
Mannaty a Veale; the intralls differing little from a Cow, and from whom in reſpect of
Strange fish. its philnomy, fome new name her: her face is like a Buffolos, her eyes fmall
and round, hard gums in ftead of teeth: the ftone generated in the head is
moft valuable, foveraigne against choler aduft, the ftone chollick and diffen-
tery, fo it be beat fmall, infus'd in wine and drunk fafting: the body of this
fifh is commonly 3 yards long and one broad, flow in fwimming, wanting fins,
in their place ayded with 2 paps which are not only fuckles but ftilts to creep
a fhoare upon fuch time thes grazes; where fhes fleep long, fucking the coole
Ayre, unable (contrary to other watery inhabitants) to be halfe an houre
under water: are famouſed (like Lizards) for their love to man, whoſe face
they delight to lock upon, and in weakneſſe have refreſhed them; tho moſt
unhappy to our Captaine Andrew Evans, who by ftriking one at the Moritius
with his harping-iron, and leaping into the fea to make ſhort work with his
fteletto, was fo crufht, that he dyed fhortly after, as I fpeak in our deſcription
of St. Helena, were we intombed him.
The Carvell is a meere fea fome, every where floating upon the furface of
The Carvel, the Ocean, of a globoas forme,like fo many lines throwing abroad her ftrings,
which ſhe can spread at pleaſure, angling for fmall fishes which the captivates
at leifure: a ſea ſpider the may be cal'd, for when the fees her webb too weak,
ſhe can blow an infectious breath, foming death, or fuch a fting as if ſhe had
borrowed it from the Scorpion.
We are now ready to caft Anchor,hopefull of freſh refreſhment.September
the eleventh, we rode in five and twenty fadoms, the enfuing morne wafting
neerer fhoare, dropping it againe in ſeventeene fathoms, at the Weft fide of
Mohelia, a bow fhot from a ſmall ſcatter'd village of ftraw, unworthy a name,
yet called Mertangwy, governed by à Sha bander, Alicufary by name,
blacke big-bon'd knave, favage in fhew, but flie and crafty in curtefie and
bartring.
Mohelva pars Incult
Mobelia elevates the Pole Antartick twelve degrees, fifteene minutes; has
longitude from the Meridian of the Cape of good Hope, foure and twenty
degrees,and variation of the Compaffe 16 degrees,20 minutes; is about three
ſcore miles in circuit: from Cumrok South Eaft 14 leagues, and from Ioanna
Eaft and by South about 10: the Marittim places rifing gently, the inland
woody
LIB.I
27
Mobelia.
woody and mountanous; a little village here and there fcattered; the houſes
are of reeds and ftraw, fitted to the heat of fuch a torrid climate. Moella
ſome pronounce it, Molala others, and worst of all one Beft (thinking the
derivation would carry it) Mal-Ilha or bad Ile, an incongruity, that from
his ill judgement, fo fweet and uſefull a place fhould be defamed.
From Madagaſcar it is removed about 50 leagues, from Quiloa in the
Africk continent fixty; the Inhabitants are a mixture of Gentiles and Ma-
homitans: the Portugall has preacht Chrift, but have few Profelites; fome
fragments of their language take thus in their owne idiom. A King, Sultan;
Bracelets, Arembo;a Hen, Coquo; an Oxe, Gumbey; Coco-nuts, Sejavoje; Plan-
tains, Figo; a Goat, Buze; an Orenge, Tudah; Lemon, Demon; Water, Ma-
ge; Paper, Cartafla; a Needle, Sinzano, &c. a mifh-maſh of Arabick and
Portuguife,
AMohelian.
The people are cole black, have great heads, big lips, are flat nos'd, fharp
chind, huge limbd, affecting adams garb, a few Plantaine leaves girding their
wafts, vailing their modeft parts; cut and pinckt in ſeverall works, upon their
duretto skins, face,armes, and thighs, ftriving to exceed each other for varie-
ty: The Meccan zealifts have here a few poore built Mofques, ftraw and
wood without, matted and neat within, admitting no entrance with fhooes
E 2
on
!
28
LIB. I
Mohelyans, Magicall.
on; the other fort of men are doubtleſſe magicall: I thus imagine it; ano-
ther Gentleman and I, one evening got us under a Tree to avoid the ftorme,
at that time thundring and raining exceffively. A Negro ftood by all the while
trembling, now and then lifting up his hands and eyes, muttering his black
Art to fome hobgoblin, and (when we leaft fufpected it) skips out, and in a
limphatic rapture drew a long knife which he brandisht about his head 7 or 8
times, and after ſo many ſpells put it up againe; hee then kiſſes the humid
earth 3 times and rifes merrily: upon a ſudden, the skie cleared and no more
noife affrighted us.
Two Kings of latecommanded them, Phancomall and Synal-beg; the one a
Native, th'other an Arabian; both made great by their wives, the only daugh-
ters of the late King Sultan Sheriph Booboocharee, and Queene Nannan-galla,
both of them alive in leffe than 20 yeares paffed. The two Kings (envious of
one anothers greatneffe) live at defiance, and oft times the poore Savages pay
deerely for eithers ambition; the two fifters (whom Nature has united)burne
in jealoufie, and exafperate their Lords, fo as (cis thought) one of them will
downe the ſtreame ere long, if the proverb fay right; that
Non bene cum focijs
Regna Venuſq; manent,
The Plan-
Love and Scepters ill agree,
To admit Societie.
Tobacco is of great account here; not ftrong (as our men love) but weake
and leafie; fuckt out of long canes call'd hubble-bubbles; fneezing-powder is
not more frequent with the Irifh, than chawing Arec, (by Arab and Indians
call'd Tauffet and Suparee) is with thefe Savages: the Arecca (refembling the
Nutmeg,the Tree the Toddy) is not us'd alone, add they to it Betele,which
like the Jvie leafe involves the Arec and combured oyfter-fhells, a chalky fub-
ſtance, good in operative property, as colouring their white teeth to a pure
crimson; it alſo fweetens the breath, kills wormes, giddies the braine, dries
rheumes; helps Venus, and begets an appetite. IfI erre, blame the Interpre-
ter I had there; I profeffe no Phyfick. The Ile inricht us with many good
things; Buffolls, Goats, Turtles, Hens, huge Batts, Camelions, Rice, Peafe,
Cufcus, Hony,Oyfters, Breams, Cavalloes, and ftore of other fish ; alfo with
Toddy, Cocos, Plantains, Orenges, Lemons, Lymes, Pomcitrons; Ananas,
Cowcumbers, Tamarind, and Sugar canes; Mother of pearle and good pearle
too if it were div'd for; an Ile fo verdant all the yeare (each day a gentle
breeſe and ſhowre bedewing the earth, and lenifying the flaming Sunne) atti-
red in Flora's Summer livory,yea roabed with Natures beft Arras;ſo pleaſant,
ſo refreſht with filver purling ftreames, fo fhaded, as may parallell the proud
Paradife of Alcinoe,
Offruits we will felect but three, fuch as may merit our acceptance.
The Plantain, for taſte and odour is fecond to none in Mokelia; is a
tain fruit. fruit fo good and vailed with fo broad a leafe that Goropius (ifhe be worth be-
leeving) perfwades us, Adam offended in eating it, and with thefe leaves
made his tranfgreffion manifeft; and that alſo, which was brought Mofes out
of the Holy Land: by the Arabians it is called Mufa-mawm, Pican by the In-
dians: they hang in great cluſters, their fhape is long and round, not unlike a
Soffage; the rind peels off, the fruit is gold-yellow, relifht like a Windfor
Peare; good for urine, but bad for fluxes, cold crude ftomacks, and dif
fenteries.
The
་
+
1
LIB. I
II
Mobelya.
$
(
The Coco (an excellent fruit) is cover'd with a thick rynd; both together,
equall in bigneffe to a Cabbage: the fhell is like the skull of man, or rather a
Deaths head; eyes,nofe and mouth, being eafily difcerned; intus vita! with-
in, we find better than the out-fide promiſed; a quart of Ambrofie, coloured
like new white Wine, but farre more aromatick tafted; the meat or kernell
cleaves to the fhell,and is not eaſily parted; above an inch thick, better reliſht
than our Philberts, and enough to fatiate the appetite of two reaſonable men.
It has other excellencies, The Tree (which is ftraight and lofty, not branch.
ing fave at the very top,where it fpreads in beautifying plumes, the Nuts like
pendants or pearles adorning them) is good for timber, or Canooes, Mafts,
Anchors; the leaves for Tents or thatching; the rynd for Sailes, Mattreffes,
Cables and Linnen; the fhell for furniture; the meat for victualling: rare
bleffings! I will give thee them contracted in that excellent Poem of my
Cofen Herbert, late Cambridge Orator.
The Indian Nut alone
Is cloathing, meat and trencher, drink and kan,
Boat, Cable, Saile, Maft, Needle, all in one.
1
The Toddy Tree is not unlike the Date or Palme to, the Wine is got by Toddy:
pearcing and putting a lar or Pitcher under,that the liquor may diftill into it,
at the very top it has a pith or marrow, which being boyl'd is like a Colli-
flower,but the taking that part is as if another Tree ſhould be eradicated, the
foule therein confifting; thefe (as the Dates) thrive not nor fructifie, except
the flowring male and female be united. The Toddy is like Whay in colour,
in taſte and quality like Rhenifh wine, at firſt draught uncouthly relifht, but
every draught tafts better and better, and will eafily inebriate; a little makes
men merry; too much makes them mad; extreame is mortall: in the mor-
ning tis laxative; in the eve coftive; at midnight dangerous. Of this or the
Coco, Herodotus and Pliny write thus: Ex quibus, panem, mel, vinum, acetum
& veftitum conficiunt. To end, theſe are bought without much charges;
thirty Orenges or Lemons for a fheet of paper: for two fheets tenne Coco
Nuts: an Ox for a ryall of eight: a Goat for fix pence. They have no Ships,
nor Boats, fave fuch as are hewed out of one ftump or tree, capable to receive
three Fiſhermen in faire weather; and if they fink, their fwimming helps
them: but though of no ufe with us, yet for rarity fake'I give thee the fhape
better to be imagined.
a Canoe
童
​The is of September we bad farewell to Mohelia, by benefit of a faire gale
that fild all our failes, plowing up the yeelding Ocean. The long billowes
made
20
I
Great mortality of our men.
B. LIB.
:
made us dance apace, but without dread; the whiftler with his iron Pipe en-
couraging the Marriners; who made ſo good uſe of this advantage, that in
foure dayes wee found our felves but foure degrees from the Equinoctiall;
White-Sea. that night the 19 of September, the Sea was for 10 leagues as white as fnow,
not froathy or by agitation of wind, but in calmeft weather (as many fay) is
here still the fame, from whence caufed is not now to be difputed. Next day
we made the Sunne our Zenith: in this Latitude oppofing that rich part
Afrique we call Soffala and Mombaſſa (in three degrees so min. South :) Maga-
doxa (in 3 degrees :)Zanzibar, Pata, and Brava, terminating one another, till
with Bernagaffo (the Port to the great Neguz or Prieft Iohn) the red Sea limits
Africk from Afia.
1
Antartic
verres.
of
The three and twentieth day wee once more fail'd under the Equator
and againe bad farewell to thofe late ufefull Antartique conftellations: the
Crofiers (foure Itarres like a croffe, of a fecond magnitude 17 degrees 30 min.
from the Pole) Noahs Dove, Polophilax and others: the two Beares now ri-
fing in our Horizon againe, and at eight degrees North, the wind grew wea-
rie of too much conftancie, veering into E.N.E, fo that the Monzoon affronted
us, and we could lie no neerer than South-Eaft; at which time many of your
company died, imputing the caufe of their Calentures, Fluxes, Aches, Scur-
vie, Feavers, and the like, to the fulphurous heat there, ftinking water, rotten
meat,and worm-eaten Biskets(in the Torrid Zone,no mans care can better it,
but in the temperate they all recover and become fweet and nouriſhing again)
But rather I beleeve, their over-eating themſelves at Mohelia, where they far-
cinated their crude ftomacks with unfalted fleſh, and gulped downe too much
Toddy, caufed it; here our Admirall threw over-board five and thirty dead
men: the Hopewell, eleven; the Starre, five: every fhip loft fome,too many if
God had pleaſed. But of moft note were Harvey Keynell, an expert Mafters
Mate in the Starre, Captaine Goodall, all good, if skill in Navigation, huma-
nity, courage, and piety may have it: at whofe putting into the Sea (a fpati-
ous grave) a volley of one and twenty great Gunns awaked the watery Citi-
zens to fafeguard fuch a Treaſure, heaven it felfe at that inftant weeping ſo
abundantly, that I never faw a fadder raine and of leffe continuance. The Ma-
fier of our ſhip was removed into the Vice Admirall, and Captaine Malim out
of the Hopewell into ours, who alfo died fhortly after, a Sea-man as wife and
valiant as any other: most memorable in that never to be forgot pollicie hee
us'd in the Levant Seas after a brave fight to fave his men and fhip from fury
of Algier Pirats: for whom we may fitly apply that of the Prince of Poets.
The Heroick deeds of all
ata Ducis vivunt, operofaq; gloria rerum
hoc manut.
gine Brave men, are written in Fames glorious roll.
The wind added to our affliction: the boisterous waves breaking againſt
our broad fide, patient in all thofe checks, clofe hal'd cutting her way flowly,
and almoſt forc't upon Socotora, an Ile as we goe into the Red-fea; where we
will ftay you a while, the Sea is fo dangerous. Socotora or Succaba (Diofco-
rida, of old I judge, call'dalfo Topazo from pretious Topaz ftones had here, as
Pling in his fixth book has it by Turks call'd Katukomar, by Perfians Cabar,
by the Spaniard Acebar and Aceur;) is in 13 degrees latitude North: a little Ile
it is, yet for pleaſant fight and choife of, good things no way defpicable; one
part
LIB. I
31
Socotora.
The red-Sea.
Aden.
part rifing into wholfome hills, other parts falling into fruitfull dales; all pla-
ces garnifht with ſpreading trees, fweet graffe, fragrant flowers,and rich corne,
Olives, Aloes, Sempervivum, Sanguis draconum,Coquos, Dates, Piftachoes,
Orenges, Pomgranats, Pome-citrons, Melons, Suger canes, Limons; and
of fish, fowle, and fleſh no where penurious: the civit Catts alſo are here
obtained. Theſe and the people were of late made flaves by Emir_ben-ſaid
King (or Vice-Roy rather,the Turk commanding him)of Fartack, in which
Aden is builded; but expulft by d'Cugna anno 1507. who made the Snakee
(the Prince)fly to Caefhem,and hiffe at harmleffe diftance: the Portugall free-
ing the miferable Chriftians, by whofe help he rais'd a Caftle, planted a Colo-
ny, but by Albuquerque was cafhier'd five yeares after, the Merchandiſe pro-
ving not equivolent to their charges.
The Inhabitants are true black, the Sunne twice every yeare darting his
fiery rayes perpendicular amongst them; by profeffion they are Chriftians;
converted the third yeare after our Saviours paffion, by the Ethiopian Eu-
nuch ſome ſay; fome fay by St.Thomas the Apoſtle of the Orient: their Chur-
ches are built in forme of the Croffe, like ours: kept fweet and neat, without
feats and images: they have a Patriarch, whom they reverence, and other of
the Clergy to whom they duly pay Tythes; their Feafts and Fafts like ours;
the feniority are much regarded, humility commanded and commended ; fe
cond Marriages are not allowed, except they had no children, uſe the croſſe
in Baptifme, the other Sacrament in both kinds, and being dead, lament not,
but involve them in cleane linnen, and fo bury them that they looke towards
Jerufalém.
Aden (now, fo neere us) feèmes to invite a ſmall relation; It has 12 degrees
35 min. North, var. Weft. 19 degrees: Madanaofold,Adana in Caliſtus, Adedi
and Achanis in Eupolemus: oppoſed to Azana, in the Arabian fhoare, but
fnatcht anno 1458. from the Arabs by the Turks,a ragged obfcure fort of Lo-
cufts till then, then fwarming and mounting towards Trepizond.
The road or Bay is none of the fafeft, in the change flowing eight foot wa-
ter; a S. E. and N. W. Moone makes a full fea there; from Bub-mandel 18
leagues; from Moha (old Beronice or Moco rather, a Towne in Arabia Petrea
after Ptol.) two and thirty. Aden is feated low, fulphurioufly fhaded by a
high barren Mountaine ; whofe brazen front fcorching the miferable Towne,
yeelds a perfect character of Turkiſh bafeneffe. It is a Peninſule, and a good
way (to get breath) thrufts it felfe into the blufhing Sea; big in circuit, but has
not many houſes,nor thoſe curious; their outfides difcovering a difcontented
flavery,the infide fhewes poverty and wretchedneffe. A Caftle it has fet neer
the fea, not to be entred but by a long narrow diffected path or trench; the
Caſtle is very ſtrong and lofty,ftrengthned by fo many rampiers and bulwarks,
ſtored with fo many roring Cannons, as if Mars dwelt there, or that it kept a
Mammon of treaſure, having intruth nothing but iron bullets, armour, and
miferable raggamuffians to defend it: the red Sea (on whoſe bancks 'tis fea-
ted) borrowes not the name from colour, rather from fand, which on the
fhoare and from the bottome has (when Apollo vifits the Antipodes) a ruddy
reflection: fhall I tell you the feverall names it has; fome fay 'tis called red,
from Erethreus fonne of Perfeus and Andromida, a Prince (in the worlds ado-
lefcency) much regarded, from whofe name (as the Ægean and Icarian) the
Sea
32
LIB. I
Red-Sea.
Flying-fishes.
Sea was named; and by the Septuagint from Eups fo tranflated: otherfome,
from Edom (Idumea a part of the Defart Arabia,confining it) the Sea of Edom;
the Hebrewes call it Zuph or Saph, or Mare Algofum, from Sea weeds or Sar-
gaffoes here abounding: Some Mare Elanixicum from Elana a neighbouring
Port and Towne: and others the Gulph of Mecca and Arabia; fictitious The-
vet calls it Zecoropb, Bohar Colzun the Arabs,Zahara fome,and others Brachia:
a Sea moft memorable for the miraculous paffage Almighty God gave Mofes
and the Ifraelites neere the Sues,of old Arfinoe:and forSolomons fleet at Ezion
Geber (or Moka) thence fetting out for the gold of Ophyr. To returne,when
the Portugalls had got Socotora, and a hundred other places in India and Ara-
by, Albuquerque their Golias by much adoe anno Is 20 took Aden, boaſting that
he was then fole Emperour of India, Qua victa (faith Oforius) putabat India
Imperium fore fempiternum: Humanum eft errare, or elfe Albuquerk might be
blemished; for,in few yeares they not only loft this, but many other Forts of
greater confequence in India.
October 18 we had the wind pretty faire. Our obfervation that day being
17 degrees, our longitude 19 from Mohelia; the wind leſs'ned, and weather
grew flaming hot; no Stove or Sudatory exceeding it: it made us very faint,
yet having paſt through as bad, it ſeemed leffe torment to us. But Mahomet
the Perfian Merchant (whofe father Hodgee Suare died in London the yeare
before) could hold out no longer, a Feaver drawing him through the path of
Mahomet death; a happy man, if (throwing away the raggs of Mawmetry) hee roab'd
converted. his foule with true faith in Chrift; they fay he call'd upon him, twice happy
man, if unfaignedly: At his putting into the Sea,the Captain honour'd his fu-
neral with the sky rending clamour of foure Culverin fhot,leaving his carcaffe
to the mercy of the Sea and Fiſh, a fure treaſurie till the refurrection,
The fix and twentieth of October we found we were got North from the
Æquino&tiall 19 degrees 40 minutes and longitude from Mohelia 20 degrees,
our ſtearage at that time South Eaft, the Sea pacifique, the wind moderate,
but heat offenfive: where alfo we had fuch fhoales of flying fishes as dark-
ned the glorious Sunne by their interpoſing multitude; a fish moſt excellent
2
LIB. I
33
Goa; defcrib'd.
?
in its eyes, which flame like a rolling Dyamond; the body is equall to a well
fed Herring, big enough for thofe complementall wings (or fins) Nature has
provided it to avoid the fwift chafe of Sea Tyrants, Sharks, Albicores, Dol•
phins, Bonetaes and fuch as feed upon fmall fifhes; but alas! a Scilla in Cha-
ribdin: no fooner taking the advantage of her wings (imitating a bird 200 pa-
ces, a dozen yards high from the face of the Ocean, fo long as fhe keeps moi-
ſture) when an Armado of ftarv'd birds and hawks as readily prey upon them;
by this, becomming the moſt miſerable of all creatures, bleft with a fhifts
but neither availeable, in the water not fo full of bravery as upon
the wing,
yet that becomes the only gin and caufe of her deftruction.
The ſeventeenth of November, to our comfort we defcried (terra ter ex
optata) the coast of India; in fifteene degrees latitude, and 32 of longitude
(the ill weather having driven us to Lee-ward many leagues) that very place
where Goa (Barigaza of old) is ſeated; the braveſt,beft defended Citie in the
Orient; the Magazeen, refuge, feat of Juftice, of the infolent and gold-thirſty
Portugall. The Citie is not vifible to fuch as Navigate in the Ocean, being
built three houres journey within the land, in Tilfoare, an Ile of 30 miles cir-
cuit, furrounded by a river ftreaming from the mighty mountaine Bellaguate.
Goa, is compaſt with a ſtrong and beautifull wall, proud in her afpiring Tur-
rets, dreadfull in many forts of tormenting Cannons : her ftrength and beauty
begun from the Decan Emperours, Zabaym and Idalcan, from whom anno Goa.
1509 Albuquerque conquer'd it, but agrandiz'd from the Lufitanian;
the great
Buzzar (or Market) is in center of the Towne, richly built, pleaîant and ca-
pacious. The other ſtreets are (after the Indian mode) narrow and nafty;
the buildings in generall, are ſpacious and comly; dark within, tarraſſed and
futable to the feafons: 'tis watered with a delicious ſtreame, which (by bene-
volence of the ayre) refreshes the fields, forcing Flora to dismantle; the gar-
dens be alfo fill'd with variety of sweet and eye-pleafing flowers: the whole
lle abounds with graffe, corne, groves, cattell, fruits, and fuch fence ravishing
delights a reaſonable man can require: above 20 little Townes are feene in
this 30 miles compaffe: In Goa is nothing more obfervable than the fortifica-
tions,the Viceroy and Archbishops Pallaces,and the Churches: Field peeces
here are numbred above 300; the Pallaces are ftrong, of good itone, furnifht
within with rich Arras and painting: the Churches of beſt rank are, that de-
dicated to the bleffed Virgin Mother of God, (in which, is kept the bones and
skull of Saint Thomas the Apoſtle,holy Reliques brought so yeares agoe from
Meliapore by Emanuel Frias at command of Tohe, fucceffour to Emanuel, Kings
of Portugall.) St. Pauls, St. Dominic, St.Katherine, St. Savior, and others; in
which, are preft downe the bones of reftleffe Albuquerque, buried in the yeare
1516; of d'Acugnia, of Don Franciſco, and that late canonized Chyna St.Fran-
cis Shyvier the Navarrean Jefuit, who died anno 1552. 4 December, aged ss,
and rubricated by Pope Gregory 15. 12 March 1622, when many more were
Sainted.
We hafted hence towards Swally, judging the worft paft, the Indian fhoare
all our way in view us, and the fea every where 20 leagues from land an
chorable: But, fure all peace comes from above,and mans heart abounds with
vanity; for upon a fudden, the element grew dreadfull, the wind to rore, the
fea fublime and wrathfull, for three dayes fpace raging inceffantly with fuch
F
fury,
34
A Sea fight. Firft fight of fndia. LIB. I
E
S
fury, that we verily beleeved a Tuffon or Herocane was begun, a Tempeſt of
30 dayes continuance, fo terrible that houfes and trees are like duft afore it,
many great ſhips having beene blowne a fhoare and ſhattered; once in nine
yeares it uſes to thunder among them, prefag'd by birds, and beafts who three
or foure dayes before it blufter, cry out and runne under ground for thelter,as
if an overture of all the world were enfuing: But praiſed be God wee were
deceived, we mift a Tuffon, but not a fecond difadventure, this ftorme forcing
a Mallabar Junck, a Pirat in view of us; our Ordnance could not reach them,
though the longeſt Saker we had vomited the fire of defiance at them, where-
by we were forced (in way of honour) to chaſe her with Barges mann'd with
fifty Mufquetiers: But, Vela damus, quamvis remige Navis eat. We made too
much hafte in boarding her, being entertain'd with fuch ftore of Fire-works
and Granados, a volley of cruell fhafts; in a word, we were oppofed with fo
much deſperate courage that after ſmall hurt to them, wee retreated with
fhame, the better halfe flaine, hurt, and fcalded, our fhips all the while being
made an unwilling Theater of this Affront, the wind forbidding them to
retaliate.
The 32 of November the wind abated, and wee found ground at forty fa
domes, many Snakes (wimming about our fhips, which (with the waters chan-
ging colour) affured us we were neere the fhoare (the laft ftorme had puzled
us) and foone after we difcerned land in 19 degrees 35 minutes latitude, and
29 in longitude, which by its towring height we knew to be Dabul, and then
St.John de vacas, a Towne fubject to the Portugall, at the South end eſpeci-
ally mounting in an ambitious piramid of Natures work, named Saint Valen-
tin's peake, the land continuing high from thence to Gundavee, a hill fix
leagues fhort of Swalley road, a round hillock and bay of importance unto
Marriners.
بی
St John
•
NW
The feven and twentieth day of November, we hal'd an Indian piſcadoro
abord us, never was Antick better habited; he told us of many enemies, but
we were feareleffe; after long toyle tiding up with ſtreame anchors, every
fixt houre weighing and dropping, in fhort time we got to Choul, and then
againſt Daman, a lovely towne lorded by the Portugalls, and confpicuous to
paffengers; at the North end it has a Caftle large, ftrong and daring; the
materiall is good white chalky ftone, flanckt with Ordnance and mounted
high to play at advantage; At the South end we perceived a faire Church,
with white battlements a top, the houfes of like ftone, ftrong and beautifull,
3 other Temples affoording joy and pleaſure to the heart and eye. The nine
and twentieth day we got neere the barre at Smalley, and there caft Anchor,
becauſe wee perceiv'd 13 faile of great fhips, and knew not whether they
were friends or enemies: the laſt day of November we adventured over the
Barre, twixt two boas, in 4 fadome water, a hundred paces aſunder, ſet there
to manifeft the paffage, either fide without being very dangerous: the Ships
at
LIB. I
35
The Perfian Amb. poyſons himſelfe.
{
at Anchor proved our friends, 6 English, and 7 Dutch, the moſt of them 1000
Tunne: thofe of our Nation were good men of Warre. The Palgrave, Ex-
change, the William, the Blessing,&c. each of which (to do them right) feafted
our Lord Ambaffadors with hearty welcome: we rode in s fadome (others
in 9) twixt the fholds and continent.
The fame day we came to an Anchor in Smalley roade, Nogdi-Ally-beg the
Perfian Ambaffador (Sir Robert Sherley's Antagonist) dyed; having defperate-
ly poisoned himſelfe; for 4 dayes, eating only Ophium: the Mary (where he
dyed) gave him eleven great Ordnance, whofe thundring Ecchoes folem-
niz'd his carrying afhoare: his fonne Ebrahim-chan got him conveighed to
Surrat (10 miles thence) where they intombed him, not a ftones caft from
Tom Coryats grave, knowne but by two poore ftones, there refting till the Tom. Cory-
refurrection.
Doubtleffe, Nogdibeg had a guilty confcience, hee had very bafely mif-
behav'd himſelfe in England, and feared the extreame rigour of Abbas a juft
(but too fevere) Mafter, at no time to bee jeſted with in money matters or
reputation; fo as neither his paft good ſervice, alliance at Court, skill in
armes, nor brave aſpect, could animate his defence, affured of moft horrid
torture: Other mens fufferings upon leffe caufe made his feeme more unpar-
donable: in the yeere 1612. a Perfian Ambaffador at Conftantinople (for affen-
ting to fuch Articles 'twixt his Mafter and the Grand Seignior, as feem'd ad-
vantagious to him, but odious to the Perfian Monarck) was upon his returne,
beheaded at Cazbyn by command of his inraged Mafter: the conditions were
indeed diſhonourable, That the Prince of Perfia fhould arrogate no other
Title but Baſhaw of Tauris: that the Perfian fhould pay tribute for Gheylan,
yeerly 400 bal's of filk: that the Cadi of Tauris fhould bee of the Turkes
Election,&c.which Abbas kickt back to Achmat with great indignation.Tamas-
coolibeg alſo came into his mind, who dyed miferably (tho once ſecond in
Perfia) upon fpleene ill grounded by the King; and of Turkish barbarifme,
not a few exemplaries. Ebrahim Baſſa, Cycala, Symon Baſſa and Nafuf, each
of them in their times fitting at the Sterne, guiding as they lifted the Turkiſh
greatneffe, yet ere death cald for them, they were cald for, by precipitating
ends,fuch as made the remembrance of their paffed glory,relish the fowrer &
more deformed: and Nogdibeg, (as we heard the King proteft) if he had not
prevented it, ſhould firſt have beene hackt in peeces, and then in the
market place burnt with dogs turds, a perfume not fetcht from Arabia,
a ftaine indeleble, branding with fhame all his pofterity. Returne we to the
roade againe.
open
ats grave.
Swaley road is from the Equator 20 degrees, and fix and fifty min. North: Swally road.
wefterly variation 16. degrees and a halfe: longit. from Mohelia 28 degr. at a
low ebbe it reſembles an Ile, beyond the fands Goga is eaſily diſcovered.
The firft of December, with fome Pe-unes (or black foot-boyes who can pratle
fome Engliſh) we rode to Surat,our Chariot drawn by 2 Buffolls who by pra-
aife are nimble in their trot and well managed,we paft thorow Smalley Town,
Batty (famous for good Toddy) Damkee, to Surat. Surat is the chiefe factory
of the Eaft India Marchants, the ftation of their Prefident; at that time one
Mafter Wyld was in that office, a modeft, underſtanding Gentleman, to whoſe
kind reſpect I owe acknowledgement, and in whofe houfe (the English houſe)
F2
WC
36
LIB. I
Surat deſcribed.
Eaft-Fndya.
we had tidings of sultan Curroon's Coronation at Agra, Anno 1627. whoſe
hiſtory we will proſecute, after we have view'd the Towne, which
challenge a particular defcription.
ક
may well
}
SVRRAT, (perhaps fo cald by the Sure, whom Pliny places here,)is that
old Muziris named by Ptol. if my judgement deceive me not: nor am I ig-
norant,Choul and Onor are imagin'd it by Molelius and Ramuftus; a Town at this
day great, famous, rich, & populous: nor ayre nor foyle agree with ftrangers;
the one inflamed by the torridneffe of the Zone, the other fandy and fulphu-
reous; the Artick Pole is here elevated one and twenty degrees, three in.
ſubject in Inne to become Nadyr to the burning Sunne, thence to September
the clouds fhowring continually an infalubrious moyfture, the wind and
thunder fo commixing, that no place in the world feemes more unhealthy,
all the other 8 moneths either parching or freezing. Surat is accounted the
third beft Towne in the Gujurat Kingdome,Amadavad & Cambaya excelling
her; from the firſt removed foure from the other two good dayes journey,all
now adding luftre to the Moguls rich replendent Diadem. Whether Gufurat
comply with the Greek idiom rs-Zupar, or from Gezurat in Arabick an Ile,
I queftion not; a Province it is fo ufefull to the Mogull,that his annuall tribute
out of this one fhire amounts (as Marchants fay) to 150 Tunne of gold. Su-
rat is at this day not very ſtrong, neither in ſcite nor Ordnance; a 100. yeere
agoe Antonio Silverio a Portuguife with 200 men enter'd it, fackt and burnt
it; a 1000 would now find it a hard enterprife. It was after that fubjected to
Ecbar Anno Dom. 1566. of the Hegira 946. by valour of Chan Azem, whoſe
care defeated the confederacy of Mirza-chan, Huẞan, Mirza Mahomet, Chas
Goga and other confpirators. Surat is now in a quiet government, watered
wich a ſweet river named Tappee (or Tindy) as broad as the Thames at Windfor
which ariſing out of the Decan Mountaines, glides thorow Brampore (220
miles diftant thence)and in many Meanders runnes by Surat,and after 20 miles
playing to and fro,a league from Smalley road wanders into the Indian Ocean.
"Tis circled with a mud-wall, a Caftle of ftone is ftrongly built at the South-
Weft fide, the river waſhing it; planted with great Ordnance and other ſhot;
awed by a Garriſon, who make dainty to admit a ſtranger to fee their fortifi-
cations or parapets; The Weft opens into the Buzzar thorow a faire gate of
ftone, where toll-gatherers are ever ready to fearch and exact found tribute
for the great Mogul their Maſter: the Medon is of no great beauty, nor do
the ſhops give ſplendor; the crafty Bannyan defiring rather to be rich indeed
then fo accounted. The houſes are indifferently beautifull; fome are of carv'd
wood, others of bricks dryed in the Sunne, the English and Dutch houses
at the North end excelling the other for ſpace and furniture; the Suburbs
alſo have 3 poſterns, pointing out 3 feverall wayes; one to Varian and to
Cambaya; a fecond to Brampore; the third to Nanfary ten courfe thence,
whence the road is to Gundavee, to Balfac, and to Daman upon the Ocean.
The Towne affoords no Monuments, no Mofques worth the taking notice
of: the English garden without the Towne has pretty walks, fweet flowers
and a water-worke, but ſcarce commendable: Only adjoyning Nancery gate,
Ifaw a Tanck or Magazen of water, a brave work and worthy the noting: It
is of good free ſtone, circling in above too fides and angles; eight and twenty
Ells twixt every angle,in compaffe very neere a thousand paces. It diminishes
its
LIB. I
37
Surat defcribed.
Eaft.Fndya.
1
its largneffe gradatim by 16 degrees or fteps towards the bottome, of moſt uſe
to receive a great quantity of raine water, to quench the flagrant thirst of the
Sunne-burnt Indians: the river by this, feemes fomewhat unwholfome, if
good neither for drink nor navigation, what ferves it for, fave to mundifie the
idolatrous Bannyan and fuperftitious Mahometans: the Bannyans are the grea-
ter number here, but the Meores command them: they have a native lan-
guage of their
owne, but the Perfian tongue is underſtood by moſt, and is
molt courtly. The Indian Mahometans, are a crafty, cowardly fort of peo-
ple, (moft of the great men being either Rafhbootes or Perfians) yet love to
go arm'd all day with fword and buckler, bow, arrowes, and daggers, as if they
ftood in danger of tome enemies: their habit is a quilted coat of Calico, tyed
under the left arme, a ſmall ſhaſh upon their head, large fto kings and fome-
times fandalls: in an ordinary garbe are thus refembled.
A man and woman of Industant.
The other fort of people are Marchants,Bramin's,Gentiles,and Ferſø. With
whom in order I will tempt your patience; this first remembred, that when
any Ships ride at Smalley (from September to March commonly) the Bannians
all along the fea fide pitch Booths or Tents and ftraw Houſes in great num-
bers, where they fell Callicoes, Chena-fatten, Purcellan ware, Scrutores or
Cabbinets of mother of Pearle, of Ebony, of Ivory, Agats, Turquoifes, He
liotropes,
38
LIB. I
Surat:
The Bannyans.
ว
Mogulls
coignes.
liotropes, Cornelians, Rice, Sugar, Plantans, Arack, &c. Alſo there is con-
ftantly many little boyes or pe-unes, who are ready for 4 pice a day (2 pence
of our money) to ferve you, either to interpret, to runne, go arrands or the
like: they will not eat nor drink with a Chriſtian, nor out of the fame leafe
we drink our Toddy: the Banyan and other Indian Females are feldome
vifible, their jealous husbands mew them up in darkneffe. Here are Ele-
phants and Horſes, but 'twixt Smalley and Sarat Oxen do moft labour. The
moft currant Coynes here and through India, are Pice, Mammoedees, Roopees
and Dynaes; the Pice are heavy round peeces of braffe, 30 of them make our
fhilling, the Mammoody and Roopee are good filver, round, thick, and (after the
Saracenic fort who hate Images in Coyne) cover'd with Arabick letters,
naming the King and Mahomet; a Mammoody is our fhilling, a Roopee two
fhillings and three pence, the Dina is gold worth thirty fhillings; but Spanish
Rialls, Piftolets, and Perfian Larrees, Abaffees and English gold (each peece
in Perfia going for 26 fhillings) goe here alfo. And againe, as I have beene
told by Merchants, a hundred thouſand Roopees make one Leck, a hundred
Lack make on Crou, tenne Crow (or Carrors) one Areb: againe, in filver 14
Roopees make a Maffe, tiso Maffe make a hundred Tolls; tenne Tolls of
filver value one of gold: in braffe, thirty Tacks or Pice make one Roopee in
weights; the Batman is 82 pound English, but fifty five of their pounds, the
Mawnd is as much; Howbeit, as in Perfia, the Mawnd Shaw and Tabriz differ,
and as our Troy and Haverdepois are not the fame; fo in all parts of the
world where wealth and traffick is, are fuch diftinguiſhments: in a word, the
Bannyans (as crafty the proverb goes, as the divell) by a moderate outfide
and exceffe in fuperftition, make many well minded fimple men loſe them-
felves, when by a heedleffe ftupid admiration of their fincere hypocrifie they
intangle themſelves by crediting their fugred words in way of trade or com-
plement, baits pleafingly fwallowed when wee contemplate their tem-
perance.
The Bannyans (or Vangans) are tawny of complexion,faire ſpoken, crafty,
and above meaſure fuperftitious; they let their haire grow long, their head
is covered with a ſmall wreath or fhafh for the moft part white; their habit,
a long coat or veft of white quilted Callico of the Dalmatick fort; their
fhooes are variable in colour and fafhion; fome checkerd and ingraled in ele-
gant order, wrought to each mans ingenious fancy; with out latchets, ſharp
and turning up at the toe, thin fol'd, high heeld, furrounded with fteele,
faft and durable: The women are whiter than the men, yet want the fan-
guine mixture to adorne them, which they ſupply by Art, there being found
the beſt vermilion : they weare their haire long and difheveled; part obfcu-
red by a fine thin Lawne, by whofe tranfparency it feemes more lovely;
their eares, noſes, armes, and legs, are loaden with many voluntary rings and
fetters of Braffe, Gold and Ivory; their behaviour is filently modeft, but full
gorg'd with libidinous fantaſies and diftempers. Marriage is fo honored, that
they contract at 7 commonly, and at 10 yeeres old are often parents: but if
an infant die ere he be married, the parents of him that dyed procure fome
virgin or other (to whom they give fome Dynaes of Gold in lieu of Ioyn-
ature) to be his bed-fellow one night, to avoid the reproachfull proverb, he
dyed unmarried.
Poligamy
LIB. I
39
The Bannyans deſcribed.
An Indyan Marchant or Banniyar:
1
1
Poligamy is odious among them, in which refpect they ceaſe not to villi-
fie Mahomitans as people of an impure foule, and ftuft with turpitude; yea,
in this they paralell the Antick Romans, who (as Tacitus, Marcellin, and Ter-
tullian tell us) fo hated Digamy (both in enjoying two wives at one time,
and being twice married) as no Holocauft was ever offred, no holy fire looke
anto by fuch, nor fuch as iſſued from fuch parents. Their Funeralls are of
the old ſtamp (recorded by Curtius) ſacring the corps to aſhes in a holy fire,
compounded of all forts of coftly woods and Aromatick ſpices: the wife alſo
(in expectation to enjoy her husband 'mongft incomparable pleaſures) inve-
lops her dainty body with the mercileffe flames, for which kindneffe the ob-
taines a living memory. Their Prieſts are called Bramyni or Brachmani; fụch
as in old times from their quality, were nam'd Gymno-fophi, as Porphirius the
great Platonist in his 4. lib. de abftinen. ab efu carnium, dictates concerning
them, and thus: If by defcent he continued conftant to his ftudy and con-
tmplation, he then attained great Æftimation, and the title Brackman:
if
40
LIB. I
Brachmans Antiquity.
1
if he fought this degree by election, he was feven yeares (fayes Bardefanes of
Babilon) tiled Calanus and Samanaus, and then by that other Nomencla-
tion; of all forts of Philofophers theſe were held moft excellent, and con-
templative. Tertullian cals them gloria animalia, Apollonius fayes, they were
and were not earthly; their thoughts fo tranfcendent,as if they were ravifht
by the ſweetneffe of that harmony the rolling Orbs in an exact diapazan fend
forth in their forced Motion. Their imaginatio flew beyond nature,beleiving
that this Fabrick of the inferiour world was created of nothing, and made
fphericall, yet fubject to diffolution; that it had an efficient caufe, it being
unable to forme it felfe, and that that caufe is the commander of nature.
Our byrth to be no other, then a quick conception, perfected by death,
which is the true Nativity of the foule, and entrance to immortality. A
Tenent however oppugned by the stoicks, yet by theſe Bramyns from the
Tradition of the Phenix,obſervation of corne,and the like, was fo maintained
that from hence arofe that magnanimity of Calanus the Bramyn, who to
injoy it burnt himselfe in fight of Alexander. But, how they have (by over-
ture of their wits and country,) forgot thefe and broacht new opinions,
more fantaſtick and rediculous. I fhall gleane a little out of that their maffe
of confufion, and dedicate it to your attent patience.
The Bannyan religion at this day, is of thefe Tenents. That the whole
Religion of frame or body of the world had a beginning, created by a God of immenfe
the Banny- power, eternall and provident: that after he had made man,to affociate him
ans.
created woman to fimpathize in fimilitude of body, and difpofition. Theſe
be named Pourous and Parcouty, a coople fo innocent, and contented,
that they had no ill thoughts, but fed only upon herbs and fruits, not touch-
ing ought had bloud or life in it. From this chaft couple fprungtwo couple
of boyes, the Embleams of the foure complexions, Brammon, Cuttery,
Shuddery, and Wife. Of different conftitutions. Bramon melancholy, Cuttery
chollerick, shuddery flegmatick; and Wife fanguin: Each affecting his fe-
verall calling. The firſt a Prieft, the fecond a Warrior, the third a Mer-
chant, the laſt a Pefant.
Brammon the Prieft (from whom the Bramini have their title, and not
from Abraham and Keturah, as Poftellus thinketh) was commanded (fayes
their shafter or booke of lawes) to travell Eaft to finde a wife; it being re-
vealed to him, that God had formed foure women for him and his brethren,
on whom to propagate; (for the reafon they had no fifters to generate
upon, was, becauſe fo pure and holy a race as they, ſhould not difcend
from filthy Inceft.) After long and tedious pilgrimage and much prayer,
he efpies his long lookt for Virgin, cloathed with naked innocence, her
face yellow like gold, her hayre and eyes black, of a compleat ftature, who
without much courting he won and marryed: this Lady Savatree proved
the mother of a holy generation. Cuttery was fent weft to find his mate,
his fword in's hand, habited after his nature, all the while fretting for want
of refiftance, and that his patience was fo long trod upon: at length, he efpies
a farre off one comming towards him, æqually inflamed with impatience;
without much complement, they forthwith affailed each other, with fuch
fury, and fo much bravery, that the first dayes fight the victory was not to be
decided; next day, they renew their courage, giving and receiving wounds
infenfibly,
LIB. I
41
The Bannyan religion.
¿
1
infenfibly, till in conclufion Cuttery grapled, and feiz'd Toddicaftree by the
treffes of her haire, but instead of fubjecting her, is (by the fresh out breaking
of her beauty) captivated; yet after fubmiffion and repentance for his rage
againſt fuch an earthly Angell, fhee is reconcil'd, and from them the Weft
fwarmed with a generation of Radiaes and Souldiers. Shuddery the third
fonne of Pourous and Parcouty, travell North, in equall hope to find his Mi-
ftreffe; farre he went and many ftrange adventures paffed thorow and faw, wit-
neffe that rock of Diamonds he alight on, many of which (as any other Mer-
chant would have done) he carried along with him, enamoured of their luftre
and ſparkling excellencies: till at last he alſo met Viſagundah,whom he ſoone
woone, being of a tractable ſweet nature and condition, (as be all the Bannyan
daughters defcended from her) and of her begot ſo many fonnes, that the
North quickly became pregnant and inhabited. Now come we to Wife (the
fimpleft of Sir Pourous fonnes) a man of much plaine honefty and comport-
ment. Southward goes hee, having ftrange intelligence that his female was
thereabouts, whom (after he had paffed feven Seas (the breadth and way is
concealed in the Shafter)and built him a faire Manfion, whither Iejunogundah
(his future wife)came to admire fo rare a ftructure;he faw her, & not knowing
how to court her, is o'recome with Loves paffion; but long time is rejected
and thought bafely of, till (by divine providence) thee is mollified and made
to yeeld, upon condition, hee fhould build many Pagods or Idols for Gods
worſhip, and adore pictures under greene Trees and under Arbours, which to
this day,his pofterity obferve ceremoniously. Thus from theſe two the South
was filled with mechanick men,and fuch as practize tillage and husbandry.
When theſe foure young men had spent fome yeares in thofe contrary
quarters of the world, whither Fate had directed them. All foure becam equal-
ly mindfull of their firft home, defirous to vifit their aged parents, not onely
to propagate there alfo, and furniſh that Meditallium of the earth, but alfo to
recount their memorable fortunes and adventures. After much circumſtance
and toile they arrived at the place from whence they came, each of them at-
tended by a troope of their owne younglins: tis in vaine to decipher the joy
and mutuall embraces twixt them and their aged Parents, revived by this good
hap from the benumming Froft of old age; as alfo the reciprocall kindneffe
and love amongſt the 4 Travellers, a dull fenfe may eaſily comprehend, it was
without all mixture of difcótent or malady. Notwithſtanding,to fhew,no fum-
mum bonum can be had in this life, in proceffe of time (the iffue of theſe foure
multiplying) the world began to loſe her virgin purity and candor; difcord,
pride, and rapine mingling amongst them, whereby all brotherly love was
layd afide,and no appearance now but of violence & voluptuoufneffe: Bramos
growes idle and careleffe in his devotion. Cuttery becomes infolent and afpi-
ring, regarding neither the venerable advice & admonition of his Parents, nor
the dignity of Bramon his elder brother. Shuddery alſo invents deceit, not re-
garding juftice nor equity, but delights in cheating his other brethren. Wafe
alſo growes unthrift in a good confcience, banishing his innate honeſty to en-
tertaine ryot: For which, his cruell brother Cuttery domineeres and makes
an Affe of him, impofing fuch taxes and burdens on that filly Countryman,
that Wyfe is now the object of casheered ryot, and the abject of his Lordly
brother; who alſo picks a quarell with shuddery, and admits not of any recon-
G
ciliation,
4.2
LIB.I
Bannyan religion.
ciliation,till the poore Merchant had fatisfied his Avarice with halfe his ftore;
fo that fuch hate and feare grew amongſt 'em, that all their Defignes are in-
volv'd in a dark Chaos of confufion. But though deceit, ryot, and tyrannie
fway a while, an all-feeing Majefty fits above, who in his owne time retaliates
in the extremity of juftice. And fo it now hapned:for upon a fudden, when they
were moft bufied in their villany and leaft dreame of account, God roabs
himſelfe with clouds and flaſhes terrour, whereat the feas multiply their noife,
and fwell ſo formidably, that they threaten an univerfall deluge and deftru-
&tion: In the interim the amazed people are confounded with fuch horrible
cracks of thunder, and fuch thick flaſhes of flame and lightning, that the en-
trailes of the earth ſeemed to gaſpe and quake with terrour and feare: which
done, in a moment the fea breaks ore her bounds, and fweepes away in eter-
nall darkneffe and filence all creatures on the earth, purging away that nafty
ſmell of their late wickedneffe and pollution.
But God who delights in Mercy, and grieves at any mans confufion, repents
him of his ſeverity, and refolves againe to furnish the earth with a new gene-
ration of men repleat with more purity, mercy and perfection. To which end
he defcends, and upon a very high mountaine call'd Meropurbateé commands
Bremaw to rise up, who (though till then not created)obeyed and worshipped
his Maker. In like fort at two other calls, came up Viſtney and Kuddery, who
performed equall obeyfance. Bremaw (to avoyd floath) has power to
create all other creatures. Viftney has order given to preſerve them; and Rud-
dery has ftrength to maffacre and beGods executioner by way of death,plague,
famine, diſeaſes, warre, or the like. And according to this appointment, thefe
three new created Lords performe and regard their particular affaires,to each
of them a fet period of time being alotted to live on earth. Bremaw at the end
of the fecond Age in a fiery chariot was elevated. Viftney ſtayes double his
time and then departs, leaving the iffue to Ruddery, (at the end of three times
fo long commorance) to deftroy the world,and to tranflate the foules of good
men into a garden of moft ravishing delights and glory. But ere this were ac-
compliſhed, It is fit to acquaint you that how Bremaw came to furniſh the earth
with more Inhabitants. The Shafter or their Cabaliſticall Thalmud tells us,
that asBremaw was ruminating how to a&tit,ſuddenly he fell into a trance,and
upon recovery felt his body troubled beyond meaſure, purporting fome im-
mediate chance or alteration. Nor did his thoughts deceive him; for loe,
forthwith his body begun to fwell, yea ſo great anguiſh to afflict him, that in
all points it reſembled a womans travaile, and indeed it had Analogie, in that
his bowels began to extend more and more and his dolour to encreafe,till (af-
ter much toyle) the fecond fwellings found vent, broke, and deliver'd their
burthen,two faire Twins, one of each fex whom hee needed not to give fuck
unto, in that by like miracle they immediatly grew up to a perfect ftature, fur-
nifht with language, and many fymptomes of education; Bremam the Parent
named them Manaw and Ceteroupa, whom after hee had bleffed,he fent Eaft to
the great mountaine Mounder purvool, where ftraitway Miftreffe Ceteroupa
brought forth three fonnes and fo many daughters: The Boyes fhe call'd, Pri-
auretta, Ontanapantha, and Soomeraut. The Girles Cammah, Sounerettaw,and
Sumboo: The eldeſt fonne and daughter went Weft to a huge mountaine Se-
gund. The two feconds North, to Bipola: The two laft of each fex to Suparr,
where
LIB. I
43
Bannyan religion.
where they fogenerated,that they quickly peopled each their quarter.Which
done, God perceiving the hearts of men enclined to vice and all forts of vile-
neffe, to give them directions how to live vertuously and avoyd temptation,
he left heaven a while and alighted on the high Mount Meropurbatee, whither
he call'd Breman, to whom hee (pake many things out of a dusky dark cloud
or mift, now and than flaſhing ſome glimpfes of his Majefty, acquainting him
why he deſtroy'd the firft world, their finnes provoking him, and how defi-
rous he
was, never to doe fo againe : and to that end deliver'd Bremaw a Book
(the shafter by name) fill'd with excellent ftories, divided into three Tracts,
dedicated to the three great Cafts or Tribes: the firft containing Morall pre-
cepts: the ſecond, the ceremonies of their Worship: the third, a divifion of
them into three, with peculiar notes and inftructions to each Caft or Tribe.
Their Morall law (read and taught them by Bremaw out of the Shafter) has
eight commandements.
1. Thou shalt not kill nor deſtroy any living creature, for thou and it are
both my creatures.
2. Thou shalt not finne in any of thy five fenfes: thy eyes not beholding
vanity: thy eares to be ftopt in hearing evill: thy tongue not to utter any fil-
thineffe: thy pallat hating wine, fleſh,and all other vive things: thy hands ab-
horring things defiled.
3. Thou shalt duly performe the fet times of devotion, praying, waſhing,
elevating, proftrating,&c.
4.
Thou shalt not lie nor diffemble.
5. Thou fhalt not be hard hearted, but helpfull to others.
6. Thou shalt not oppreffe nor tyrannize.
7. Thou shalt obferve certaine Feſtivalls and fafting dayes:
8. Thou shalt not ſteale.
Theſe eight precepts are fub-divided into foure: each of the foure old
Cafts retaining them. Bramon and Shuddery, i.e. the Braminy and Bannyan are
tyed to moſt ſevere and ftrict obfervance in the decorum of their worship.
Cuttery and Wyse ..e. the Juftice and Labourer agree in theirs. Froni whence
the Prieft and Merchants (appropriating the first and fecond to themſelves)
are more fuperftitious,than the two other Cafts of Souldiers and Mechanicks,
who affume a great liberty in meats and wine. Notwithstanding, all of them
beleeve the Merempfychofis of Pythagoras, whoſe conceits we will parallel by
and by with thefe Bannyans. In this place drawing your judgement to a re
membrance of what is already related: wherein, we may perceive the delufi-
on Sathan charmes them with, whofe cuftome it has ever been to erect to him-
felfe worſhip and Idolatry in fome things (to make 'em more authenticall) co-
hering with the Story of our Bible, and in imitation of the Jewes: and that
this Cabala or Shafter of the Bannyans is a depraved Story of the Bible, either
obtain'd by fome Jewes, fuch time as Solomon traded to Ophyr (neere theſe
parts) or from the father of lyes, who peradventure did dictate it for his fer-
vants. For in the Shafter, speaking of the Creation of the world out of a Chaos,
and forming of Pourous and Parcoutee fucceffively: who is fo blind that fees not
the making of Adam and Eve: the other of the Creation (delivered by Mofes)
fhadowed in't: the univerfall deluge and deftruction of mankind pointing out
that of Noak? By Bremaws receiving the Law from God (in a dark cloud and
G 2
lightning)
1
44
LIB. I
fdolatry of the Bannyans.
lightning) upon the high Mount Meropurbatee, tis doubtleffe from Mofes his
being on Mount Syna in Arabya, where was given the Decalogue for the If-
raelites inftruction. And in Bremans departure from earth to heaven,is meant
the tranſlation of Elias.
The Bannyans are commanded (as in moft hot Countries in all other Pagan
Religions is obferved) to wash often. Firft dawbing their naked bodies with
dirt and mud (the Embleam of finne) then, diving three times in the water,
their faces to the Eaft, fhaking a few graines of Rice as a Thankſgiving to that
element for purging them: A three-fold ducking and tripartite thred is hung at
three holes in a ſtone about the neck, the Rice fixed in their forehead each
morne in an unguent of red paint, is a Symbol of Baptifme: Their turning
to the Eaſt, in memory of the judgement and creation, and to adore the Sun
and Moone, in that they take them to be Gods eyes, full of purity, heat and
nurture. But this their attending the blufhing Sunne at his arifing, the eleva-
tion of their hands, murmurs,plafhing the water in Magick order, diving, wri-
thing and acting other promifcuous foperies, heare them condemned by a
neighbour of theirs Iob, that patient Edomite. If I beheld the Sunne when it
Shined, or the Moone walking in brightneſſe, and my heart hath been fecretly inti-
ced, or my mouth hath killed my hand: this also were an iniquity to be punished by
the Indge, for I should thereby have denied the God which is above. And by the
Pfal.44 41. Pfalmift, Ifwee have forgotten the Name of our God, and holden up our hands to
any strange god, ſhall not God (who knowes the Secrets of the heart) Search
Job 31,26.
7,8.
f
it out?
But above all, their horrid Idolatry to Pagods (or Images of deformed de-
vils) is moſt obfervable: Placed in Chappels moft commonly built under the
Bannyan Trees (or that which Linfchot call'd Arbor de Rays or tree of roots,
Sir Wal. Ral. improperly Ficus Indicus) a tree of fuch repute amongft 'em,that
they hold it impiety to abufe it, either in breaking a branch or otherwife, but
contrarily adorne it with Streamers of filk and ribbons of all colours. The
Pagods are of fundry forts and reſemblances, in fach fhape as Satan viſibly ap-
peares unto them: ugly faced, long black haire, gogl'd eyes, wide mouth, a
forked beard, hornes and ftradling, miſhapen and horrible, after the old filthy
forme of Pan and Priapus.
Under theſe holy Trees they fit and actuate their Idolatrous devotion :
there they pay their Tythes and Offrings,there receive the facred unction and
fprinklings of fundry colour'd powders: there they performe their ceremo-
nies, which they denotate by the wooden found of a little Bell: there they
repeat their Orizons,make Proceffions,ring their Bells,fing and performe ma-
ny myfteries; yea, ſo numerous grew their Idoll Temples, that (till the Muf-
fulmen mixt among them) each Village had its ſeverall Pagods, and many to
this day are ſtanding. The chiefe in Industan is at Variaw neere Surrat, at Ni-
gracut where theDewry is feel'd and paved with gold,yeerely vifited by 1000
Bannyans, who in way of devotion cut out part of their tongues as a holy fa-
crifice, and whereby to fpeake the Sibboleth better ever after: at Bannaras
upon Ganges, at Ecbarpore, at Tallamexa, Elabass, Sibah, and many other places.
Other parts of their Religion confifts in invocating holy men famouſed for
many vertues. In Warres (the Cutterys or Radieas onely) call upon Bemo-
hem: the rich upon Mycaffer; the poore upon Syer: the labourers upon
Gunner
1
?
LI.B. I
4-5
The Bannyans Religion.
1
Gunner : the married, upon Hurmount,&c. Moreover, they effe&t Pilgrima-
ges to rivers,efpecially Gonga (Ganges) more venerable then any other,in that
they ſay Bremaw frequented it,and that it has(at siba where it fprings out of a
rock)a head in forme of a Cow their belovedIdol: wherein they waſh oft,and
thereby fuppofe themſelves purified from finne (and durt:) and in requitall
enrich her womb with Gold and Jewels, hoping to thrive the better, e'peci-
ally when they die to have their mouthes madefied with a drop of that water
of the terrestriall Paradiſe.
In Baptiſme, the Priests children and Marchants (that is to fay Bramins
and Bannyans) anoynt with Oyle, and clenfe by water. The other prophaner
fort, the men of warre and manifactures have onely water, with the point of a
pen oppoſed to their forehead, as wiſhing that God will write good things
there, to which the company fay Amen. Their Marriages (as I have faid) are
at ſeven yeares old, and if any die unmarried, they conclude him in limbo: ſo
that ofttimes they marry them, when dead, afore they be buried: the Marri-
age ceremonies are not many nor frivolous; the Boy riding about the Towne
attended with all the little ones that can ride, roab'd with Jewels, Scarfes,&c.
one day. And the Mayden Bride the next with a like trayne of dainty virgins
no leffe richly attired, the Bride and her Husband knowne from the reft by
their Crownes and Coronets, celebrated by many Kettle Drummes, Trum-
pers, Pageants, and the like; the Bride has no money Portion, they hold it
contemptible: onely fome Jewels and Dinaes of gold, fuch as they that day
are attired with. I dare not fay thofe Dinaes are thofe Eva's or Marriage
gifts mentioned by Homer 9 Ilyad, Suydas,&c. The Wedding is thus, a fire is
interpos'd, intimating the purity and heat of their affections: a filken ftring
circles both their bodies as the Hyerogliphic or bond of Wedlock; then a
linnen cloath is put betwixt them,in token that till then they were unknowne
to one another in nakedneffe. This done, the Bramyn bleffes them, prayes
that the may prove as gentle and fruitfull as a Cow, the cloath is torne away,
the ftring untyed, and they are one anothers ever after. Alſo they never
marry out of their owne Cafts or Tribe: as Bramins the daughters of Bramyns:
Cutterys, the daughters of Cutterys: Shudderys Shudderys; and Wyfes not
onely fo, but alſo compere in their owne Trades: as Taylers,the daughters of
Taylers: Barbers, Barbers daughters &c.
In fickneffe they call upon Marrama (an Epithite of God)expreffing mercy.
If they perceive he is going the way of all fleſh, then they expand his hand,
and moyften it with holy water, the water of Ganges: when he is dead they
wash the carcaffe and carry it filently to the water fide, where they utter two
or three words to that element, then burne his body in fweet wood or ſpices,
which as earth mixes with the corps, and throwing the afhes into the River,
they think they have given every Element his peculiar due, and fo depart
home well fatisfied forthwith. The Prieſts preſent his fonne the roll of his
deceaſed fore-fathers, and bid him fulfill the ceremoniall law of deploring
for ten dayes, neither ufing his wife, laughing, eating Opium nor Betele, put-
ting on no cleane cloathes por oyle on's head, but that day moneth for that
yeare ever after make a feaſt, and pay a complementall vifit to that River,that
drunk his Fathers afhes. Oft times the wife (to expreffe her love) incenera:es
her felfe at that time her Husbands body was incendiated. They affect no ſe-
cond
•
40
LIB. I
Bannyan religion.
Heu
cond marriages, the Raieaes and Wyfes excepted. Now the reaſon why they
burne their dead,is either in imitation of thofe recorded by the Prophet Amos
6. Io. or in way of pitty and piety, left the enemy ſhould offer it villany; or
if buried, it would ſtink (an improper thing in a Bannyan) and fo putrifie the
graffe and make Kine unhealthy: befides, out of their carcaffes would iffue
wormes, who would ſtarve when the dead body was confumed,a finne un-
pardonable.
The Braming or Priefts (to ſpeake in common) are of 82 Caſts or Tribes,
the Vertaes are of higher note and fewer: their habit is a girdle of an Anti-
lops skinne tied about their middle, a thong of the fame hide from the necke
to the left arme, and elſewhere naked; fome of them weare a threefold thred
from the right shoulder to the left arme as a badge of their profeffion and in
memory of the 3 fonnes of the fecond creation.
The Cutteries are more prophine; men of warre, fhedders of blood, fleſh-
eaters, and libidinous; they are for the greater part called Rajas or Kings 5
have fix and thirty Cafts among themfelves, from fome of which none of
them but is defcended: of thefe, are the Tribes of Dodepuchaes, fome Chaw-
ab, fome Solenkees, fome Vaggelaes, and fome Paramors; of long times
owners of Indoftant, till-Aladin, apatan, King of Delly, wrefted Guzzarat
from them, and fince then, moft is taken away by the iffue of Tamerlange : at
this day they call themſelves Rafhpootes (or fonnes of Kings) and live law-
leffe to the Moores, the chiefe of which at this day are Rana Radgee Mardout,
Radga Surmul-gee, Raia Berumfhaw, Mahobet-chan, Radia Barmulgee, Radgen
Ramnagar, Radgea Iooh', Ieffingh, Tzetterfing, and Manfuigh,&c.
The Shudderyes or Bannyans are Merchants, and (contrary to their name,
which fignifics harmleffe) are the moft crafty people throughout India. Full
of flegmatick feare and fuperftition: they are indeed very mercifull, grieving
to fee other people fo hard-hearted to feed upon fifh, flesh, Raddifh,and fuch
things as have life or any reſemblance. They will not kill a Loufe, Flea, or
Kakaroch, or the like for 1000 pound; but contrariwife buy their liberty of
fuch Saylers as of neceffity muft crush them: yea, they have Hofpitalls for
old, lame, fick, or ſtarved creatures, birds, beafts, Cats, Rats, or the like, and
have no worſe men to overſee them than the Pufhelans, the greateſt and beſt
reſpected ſorts of Brammins of all Cafts whatfoever:they are of Pythagora's do-
&rinating not only in beleeving the Metempfychofis of the foule of each man
into a beaft: as for example, the foule ofa drunkard and Epicure into a Swine,
the luftfull and incestuous into Goats and Dogs; the diffemblers into Apes,
Crocodiles, and Foxes: the lazie into Beares, the wrathfull into Tygers, the
proud into Lyons, the bloudthirſty into Wolves, Ounces, Snakes; the per-
jur'd into Toads, and the like but the foules of good men, abftemious, pitti-
full and courteous, into Kine, Buffalaes, Sheepe, Storks, Doves, Turtles,&c.
An opinion memoriz'd by Ovid 15 Metamor.
quantum fcelus eft in viſcere vifcera condi,
Congeftoq; Avidum pinguefcere corpore corpus,
Alteriufque animantem animantis vivere leto,
Parcite (vaticinor) cognatas cæde nefanda,
Exturbare Animas, nec fauguine fanguis
alatur.
Flesh fed with flesh, oh what impiety,
Thy greedy corps with corps to fat thereby,
One living thing to live by others death:
Obfpare! I warne you, to diſturbe the breath,
of kinsmen by fool-flaughter; for your blood,
With others blood to feed is no wayes good.
The
LIB. I
47
Bannyan Religion.
The laft Sect or Caft of Gentiles are the wifes, a name albeit derived from
Wife the youngest fonne of Pourous and Parcootee, yet in their tongue pro-
perly fignifying a labouring man: theſe be of two forts, the Wife and Coolee;
the first agreeing with the Bannyan in abftinence, the other not forbearing to
eat any manducable creature; the purer fort are fubdevided into 36 Cafts or
Families.
The conclufion is, that all thefe 4 Cafts in time grew fo impious and un-
thankfull, that God commanded Ruddery to command a blaft of wind to
ſweep away this wretched generation, which accordingly he did; that tem-
peſt raging fo violently that the mountaines and rocks were hurled to and
fro like duft or tennis-balle,the ſeas out of their courſe,yea Ganges out of her
holy channell, wherein all (fave a few honeft men and women left to reple-
niſh) perished; this was the ſecond confufion. Soone after, God gave them
a King,propagate from the feed of the Bramyns cald Ducerat, who begat Ram,
a King fo famous for piery and high attempts, that to this day his name is ex-
ceedingly honoured, fo that when they fay Ram Kame, 'tis as if they fhould
fay, all good betide you.
But to fhew the imbecillity of mans nature, his weak condition and frailty:
in proceffe of time the world again grew abominable and treacherous: fo that
Ruddery commands the earth to open and ſwallow down quick thofe ungodly
wretches;a few excepted, who the third time peopled the earth with humane
inhabitants, and then (as Bremaw had formerly) Viftney the mediator of mer-
cy afcended into heaven, leaving cruell Ruddery to over rule this age of Iron,
at the end of which he alfo fhall be rapt into paradife: thefe 4 ages they call
Curtain, Duauper, Tetrajoo and Rolee.
Touching the laft Iudgement, they hold it fhall be more dreadfull than
the other; the Moone to look blood red, the Sunne to fhed his light like
purling brimftone, an univerfall flaſhing of fire, with loudest thundring;
then a flammy redneffe will orefpread the heavens, and the 4 Elements (of
which the world confifts) fhall maintaine a dreadfull fight ſo long, ſo fiercely
one againſt another, that at laſt all fhall be revolved into a dark confufion:
the foules of fuch as were good men, Ruddery will tranſport to heaven, the
wicked perish; but the bodies of both rife no more, being too incredulous of
the refurrection.
Now albeit theſe people in a continued feries of wilfulneffe and ignorance
beleeve that their Shafter or Cabala was immediately from God, yet that it is
wholly grounded upon tradition, and patched out of many Hiftories, lewiſh
and Gentiliſme, I have already fhewed what is in imitation of the holy Scrip-
ture and from the rule and practiſe of other Nations: and we may adde, that
their burning the dead, is borrowed from the 6 of Amos 10. their marriage
after death from Cerinthus and Marcyon, old hereticks who uſed to baptize
after death in caſe they were not pre-baptiz d; the thred tripartite hung about
their neck is a myfterious denotation of the Trinity; rice and painting in their
forehead is not only as a ſymbole of Baptiſme, but in imitation of the Starre
Rempham fixed in the brow of the Idoll Moloch, or of Iul. Cefar, who had one
in his forehead as an embleme of immortality. And alſo, let us fee in how
many things they concurre with the rules of Pythagoras (to this day famous
among them). Theſe Bramins or Bannyass in their ſchooles and other places
affect
48
LIB. I
Religion of the Indyan Perfæ.
affect filence: for s yeeres are not ſuffered to ſpeake in the Schooles ; under-
ſtand one another by dumb fignes in moſt things; adore toward the Sunne;
honor Angels; obferve a Munday Sabbath; abftaine from fecond marriages,
(fome from the firft) affect white garments, loath coughing, ſpitting and the
like, forbeare ſwearing and blafphemy, fhun pleaſures, drink water, beleeve
the tranfmigration of mens foules into beafts, offer inanimate facrifices, deny
the bodies refurrectio,hate to touch a pot or cup with their mouth,but rather
powre the liquor in at a good diftance, reverence Elders,eat nor drink with
meu of other religions, uſe waſhings much, touch no uncleane thing and ma-
ny other, in nothing differing with the Pithagoreans, as may be gathered
out of Iofephus, Suydas, Philo, Laertius and other writers.
Having tyred out your patience with this Sect; for variety fake, turne wee
to another fort of Gentiles in Surrat & Guzzurat the Perfees,a people defcen-
ded out of Perſia, baniſht hither (to avoid Mahomitry & circumcifion) upon
the death of valiant Iezdgird the Perfian King, Anno Dom. 63 5. or thereabouts;
whofe life and doctrine (as it is gathered from the Daroo or Priests of this fect
by Maſter Lord a worthy Miniſter, for fome yeeres refident in the Factory
of Surat) I will epitomize, that we may move (after this repoſe) onward in
our travailes.
Religion of
Into India I ſay theſe Perfees came, (fuch time as Omar the fecond Chaliph
the Perfas. after Mabumet had ſubjected Perfia) in s Iuncks from lafquez fayling to Surrat,
where after fome treaty with the Raieas and Bannyans they got entertain-
ment and leave to exerciſe their owne religion. A religion deduced from
the raigne of Guftaph King of Perfia Anno Mundi 3500, and before our Sa-
viours Incarnation soo yeeres, written in their Zundevaftam (or law Booke)
in this manner.
!
Such time as Gustafp (the 14 King of Perfia from Kuyomarraz, by ſome,
thought Naab) fwayed the Imperiall Scepter of that famous Monarchy: It
chanced that Efpintaman and Dodoo two poore people, man and wife,Chynaes
by nation, lived long together in a good report, but without Fortunes blef-
fings, in eftate or children: howbeit, at Dodooes carneft requeſt, a fonne was
given her who in his conception promiſed (by fome rare and fearfull dreames
the mother hatched) great matters, not only to the aftoniſhment of his fim-
ple parents but amazement of the China King, who (out of jealoufie and dif
pofition to credit any report) fought to prevent all events by killing or poy-
foning him: but (to fhew a fuperior power fwayes us and never miffes to ac-
compliſh its deſignes tho by man never fo much oppugned) nothing could
do him harme; for fearing his parents ruine, and to ease the King of his feares,
they all confent to give China a farewell, and feek a fecurer abode in a region
more remote, and where they might more freely meditate.
Farre they travelled, faw many rare things, paft over many great rivers on
foot, for Zertooft (lo was this young prophet named) turned them by a trick
that he had into folid Ice, and after thawed them at his pleaſure and many
rare adventures found, (all which are to be left out, in that religion is the
marke we ſhoot at) not ſtaying long in any place till they arrived in Perfia,
where they reſted and intended to ſettle: Zertooft (as all good men uſe to
doe) ſpent most of his time in meditation; and on a time eſpecially, obfer-
ving the diſorder of mens living, forrow overcame him, and a defire to re-
forme
LIB. I
49
The Perfees religion.
forme them totally poffeffed him: but finding the place he was in not folitary
enough or fit for revelations, away he goes, not refting till he came into a
dark valley, furrounded and obfcured by two lofty mountaines,there he inge-
minates his filent murmures, with dejected eyes, erected hands, and knees
bended, when loe, a glorious Angell, whofe face was more corufcant than
the Sunne, falutes him thus, Hayle, Zertooft, a man of God, what wouldft
thou? he ftrait anfwers; The prefence of God, to receive his will, to inftru&
my nation: his prayer is granted, his body purged; his eyes fealed; till being
paft the Element of fire and higher orbes, he is prefented afore the fupreame
Majefty, arrayed with fuch refulgent glory, that (till he had Angells eyes put
into his head) he could not gaze on fuch a daz❜ling excellency: there, he re-
ceived his lawes (no place but heaven will ferve to fetch Philofophy, as La-
ertius writes of Socrates) uttered by the Almighty (whole words were in-
compaſt with flames of fire: ) fuch lawes, fuch fecrets, as fome of them are
not fit to be promulgated. Being upon his departure, he defires of God,that
he might live fo long as the world indured, that in that protract hee might
the eaſier make all people on the earth imbrace his doctrine: God pitties his
fimplicity and in a mirrour fhewes him the alteration of times, the villany
of Lucifer, the mifery of man, and many other rarities fuch as quite altred
his firft defires; fo that, when he had worſhipped, he takes his Zundavaſtaw
or Book in 's left hand, and fome celeftiall Fire in 's right, and by Baka-
man Vmhaupan the forefaid Angell (who cleft the Ayre with his gol-
den wings) is fet downe in that fame valley, where the fpirit found him.
Zertooft (by this time a man of great experience) armes himſelfe againſt all
difafters and temptations, and bidding his Hermitage farewell, travells home-
ward, to publiſh his law and joy his too long afflicted parents: Satan (who all
this while lookt afquint at Zertoofts determinations) intends to feduce him,
and after a ſhort excufe for his rude intrufion, protefts himſelfe his unfained
friend, affuring him the Angell had deluded him; that God hated his novell
indeavors; that if he had loved him, he had not fo foone fo willingly parted
with him, that his denying him to live till the day of doome, argued Gods
neglect of him; that his travaile to reclaime the world was in vaine, mens
minds fo doated upon freedome and vanity; that his booke was ftuft with
lies, and in publiſhing it great fhame and perill fhould betide him that his
fire, was a mercileffe Element, rediculous and of fmall ufe in thofe hot regi
ons. And in conclufion, if he would reject thefe and depend on him, hee
would furnish him with all delights, honours and pleaſures poffible, give him
power to do ftrange things, whereby hee fhould bee worshipped for a God,
which if he refufed he was a foole and unworthy his charity.
Zertooft foone ſaw that tempter was no better nor worſe than Lucifer: he
bad him avoid, and call to mind to his addition of terror, how by his ambiti-
ous impiety he had loft heaven, and how meere malice made him defirous to
draw all other into like damnation: he alſo told him how that booke he fo
fcoft at fhould condemne him,that fire torture him and all fuch black mouth'd
lyers and detracters as himfelfe; whereat the Fiend was horribly affrighted
and left him: the divell is no fooner gone, but on goes Zertooft and at length
arrived where he found his parents who(you doubt not of)received him glad-
ly; to whom he imparted his paffed fortunes and intended occafions. Dedoo
H
his
50
LIB. I
fdolatry of the Indian Perſees.
his mother (that good old woman) imagines it a finne unpardonable, that fo
excellent a young prophet (as the thought her fonne) fhould be longer con-
cealed from the world; yea grew fo tranfported, that the thought all men
wicked blockheads that could not find it out without her babling it: but fee-
ing them dull, to them ſhe goes and without longer circumftance tells them
the whole ſtory of her fonnes conception, her dreams, his piety, his enthu-
fiafticks, revelations, vifions, the excellency of his booke, his authority to
command all men to believe and obey his lawes and ordinances. The people
admire and blazon it, fo that in fhort time Guftafp the Perfian King had notice
of it, who defiring to fee the man and know the truth, fends for him, is fo
well fati fied and inftructed, that he forthwith wavered in his owne religion,
judging Zertoofts better and more plauſible; infomuch, as his owne Prieft
became dejected,and invented all wayes poffible to reclaime him; and to ef
fe&t It, bribes Zerteoſts ſervants to convey under his bed the bones of dead
men and dead dogs carkaffes, things moft hatefull to the Perfians, poffeffing
the King that this ftranger was a baniſht man, a man of a moſt impure conver-
fation, witneffe the ftuffing of the bed he flept upon: the King is brought to
view that naſty deceit, abominates him, and for his reward huts him in a
loathſome dungeon, but this mifery of his endured not long; for the King, ha-
ving a horſe of great account deadly ill, propoſes great rewards to any could
recover him; many defired it, but none durft undertake it, fearing the
nalty, till Zertooft heard it who adminifters a potion and recovers him: an act
fo acceptable to Guftap that he receives the poore prophet into grace again,
wherby he had the way to diſcover the Kings prieſts knavery and to illuftrate
his owne integrity; yea,a means whereby to publifh his owne doctrine, and by
fome miracles intermixt to have it credited.
pe-
It chanced that the King (either ftimulated by his Churchmen, or judg-
ing Zertooft able to do any thing) calls for him, profeffing his propensity to
be of his religion, and which he and all his would entertaine, upon condition
Zertooft would grant him 4 things: the firft, that he might never die; the fe-
cond, that hee might afcend heaven and come downe againe without
hurt as often as hee lifted; the third, that hee might know what God
had done, did, and intended; the fourth, that his body might bee in-
vulnerable.
5
Zertooft is fomewhat thunder-ftruck with thefe demands: But perceiving
it otherwiſe impoffible to have his Dogmataes believed, hee tells the King,
that for one man to have all thoſe properties was to make him a God, more
than a man; that the King fhould chooſe any one for himselfe, and the other
3 things be given any other three men he pleafd to nominate: 'tis accepted,
and Gustafp makes the fecond his choice, that he might afcend and defcend at
pleaſure to know the fecrets of heaven was granted the Kings Churchman,
the better thereby to governe; to live for ever, is confer'd upon Pifchiton
(the Kings eldeſt fonne) who they fay lives yet upon Damoan's high moun-
taine guarded by 30 immortall men, to forbid all others the entrance, left by
footing that holy ground they fhould alfo live for ever; and to be free in
battell or otherwife from hurt or torment was granted to Efpandiar the
Kings youngeft fonne; after which the Zundavaflaw is opened, the new
broacht doctrine read and generally accepted on.
Ic
LIB. I
51
Religion of the Perfees in India.
It has a tripartit divifion; the first treates of judiciall Aftrologie, cal'd
Aftoodeger, and is committed to the care of fuch as they call Iefopps or Sages:
The fecond ſpeaks of naturall Philoſophy or Phyfick, and is ftudyed by the
Hackeams or Phyfitians: The laft is a compound of religion, named (from
the Inventor) Zertooft, and kept by the Dareos or Predicants: each of theſe
three containe ſeven chapters: A little only of their religion.
The Zertooft is alſo of three parts; pointing at 3 forts of men; the Lay-
men, Clergy, and Archbishop; to every of them it directs an increaſe of
commandements;to the firft fort 5,to the fecond 11,to the third 13; the com-
pendium of which we will only manifeſt.
The Behedins or Lay-mens s precepts be theſe.
1. To cheriſh modefty and ſhamefaftneffe: a vertue deterring all ſorts of
ugly vices and concupifcence, as pride, revenge, theft, adultery, drunken.
neffe, and perfidy. The 2, to cherish feare. 3. To ufe premeditation in what
they are to do; that if bad, reject it; if good, to a&t it. 4. Each dayes firft
objest to be a memento of Gods love to urge our gratitude. s.To pray daily
to the Sunne, and nightly to the Moone, as the only 2 great lamps and wit-
neffes, and moſt oppofite to the divell who delights in darkneffe.
any
The 11,given the Herboods, Daroos orPriefts to practife, are theſe (the other
alfo of the Behedin they obferve). 1. To be conftant in that forme of worſhip
fet downe preciſely in the Zundevaftam. 2. Not to covet what belongs to
other man. 3.To abhorre lyes. 4. Not to be worldly minded. s. To learne
the Zundavastaw by rote. 6. To keep himſelfe free from all manner of pollu-
tion. 7. To forgive all forts of injuries. 8. To teach the Laity how to pray
and convene in adoration. 9. To licenſe Matrimony. 10. To be frequent at
Church. 11. Vpon paine of fire eternall, to beleeve in no other law, neither
to adde nor to diminiſh it.
3. The Diftcore or Pope (never but one at once) has 13, and as hee per-
cedes the reſt in dignity,fo is his life moft ftri&t and obfervable; he performes
not onely his owne but the two former Tables alſo. 1. He muſt never
fo much as touch any prophane thing or perfon, no not the Laymen or De-
roos of his owne beliefe, without waſhing or purifying. 2. He muft do every
thing having relation to himſelfe with his owne hands, as planting, fowing,
cooking,&c. 3. That hee duly receive his Tith or the Tenth of what the
Layety are poffeffers of. 4. That hee avoid pompe and vaine-glory, but ra-
ther with his great income do acts of charity. s. That his houfe fo con-
joyne the Church, as hee may be there oft and go and come without being
much feene or taken notice of. 6. That his wafhings be more frequent than
others, his food purer, and that he refraine his wives company during her
pollution. 7. That he not only be perfect in the Zertooft (a capite ad calcem)
as is the Herbood, but alſo be of greateſt knowledge in the other parts, as
Iudiciall and Naturall Philofophy. 8. That his dyet be very moderate. 9. That
he feare none but God. 10. That he tell every man (how great foever) of
his offences. 11. That he diſtinguiſh twixt good and counterfeit vifions or
fancies, and give right judgement. 12. That whenfoever God reveales or
communicates his goodneffe or glory to him in nightly viſions, he admire his
mercy and keep them fecret. 13. That the Pyree or holy fires (that which
Zertooft brought from heaven) be ever kindled, yea never extinguiſh, till fire
H 2
deſtroy
52
LIB. I
I
Religion of the Perfæ in fndya.
1
deftroy the world: And that he pray (to and) over it. This is the true con-
tents of the Zundavaft which holy Zertooft brought from heaven. Declare
we now their Feafts, Fafts, Weddings and Burialls.
They are tollerated all forts of meat; but (in obedience to the Mahomitan
and Bannyan 'mongſt whom they live) refraine Beefe and Hog flesh: they
feldome feed together,left they might participate one anothers impurity:each
has his owne cup; and if any of his owne Caft chance to ufe it, hee waſhes it
three times, and forbeares it a good while after: they obferve fix folemne Fe-
ftivalls annually; the firft call'd Meduſerum, kept the 1s of Fere or February ;
3. Petufahan, on the 26 of Sheruar or Aprill; 3. Yatrum, on the 26 of Mahar
or May; 4. Medearum, on the 16 of Deh or August; 5. Homespetamadum, on
the 30 of Spindamudor October; 6. Medufan, on the 11 of Adebefe or Decem-
ber; all of them in memory of the Creation and monethly benefits. After
each of theſe Feafts they eat but one ſmall meale a day for five dayes after,and
whenfoe're that lay men eat any fleſh, they bring part to their Eggaree or
Temple to pacifie the Lord, in that for their fuftenance the lives of thoſe
good creatures are annihilated. Now concerning the Fire they adore, tis
in memory of that Zertooft brought from heaven, wherein they memorize the
veftalls, or rather in an apifh imitation of the Jewish law (the devill as neere
as may be, defiring to counterfeit the Law of God)in the 6.of Levit. 13. where
tis commanded that the fire (that came from heaven) ſhould be ever burning
upon the Altar and never goe out. In Perfia they had many Pyree of this ve-
ftall fire, moft of which were deftroyed by Heraclius the Romane Emperour
in his Warres with Kozrhoes(at that time Mahomet ſerving in his Army.)Some
to this day are remaining, having the Idolatrous Fire from 1000 yeares nn-
extinguished. In Indya alſo theſe banifht Perfee have their Eggarees or Tem
ples, one of which is at Nuncery (not farre from Surratt) whofe Fire has con-
tinued without fomenting this 200 yeares: where note that this their God-
fire is not compofed of common combuftibles, as wood,ftraw,coales,flates,&c.
nor blowne by any bellowes, breath of man, wafting, or like prophane things,
No, tis compounded of fparks flying from a hot burning temper'd fteele, and
kindled either by lightning from heaven, by an ignis fatuus, the beames from
a burning glaffe, or fuch like ; for, but fuch onely is proper for that their Antif
beheraun or Idoll fire.
But ifit chance the fire have need of cheriſhing, the Diſtoore and other
Lay-men (at 12 foot diftance) ſurround the holy Diety and after ſome ge-
ftures, the Priests adds fewell and returning to the other people, altogether
worſhip it, beseeching it, that they may not onely give it due reverence, but
alfo honour folemnly all other things that refemble it ; as Sunne,Moon,Starrs,
and common fire, which alſo they fo divinely eſtimate that they hold it a moft
ungodly part to ſpet in it, throw water into it, or put it to any vile or unne-
ceffary imployment; but reverence wood and fuch things as it receives life
and vigour from.
The Baptifme of thefe Heathen Idolaters is of this nature: fo foone as it is
borne, the Daroo is call'd upon, who delayes not, but being inftructed in the
precife time of his Nativity, calculates his fortunes: the Daroo invents the
name,the mother impofes it: this done,they all together hafte to the Eggaree
or Temple, where the Prieft puts a little pure water into the barque of a holy
1
tree
LIB. I
53
Religion of the Perfees in Indya.
any
tree the name is Holme, the place it growes in, Yezd, a Citie in Perfia not farre
from Spahawn, where at this day are many of this religion, who upon the
mountaine Albors, have a Pyree wherein is a Fire-god, which has never beene
extinguished (they fay from Guftafps time,contempory with Abraham) a tree,
Zertooft bleffed and in this more memorable, that it never admits of
fhadow: the water out of this holy rind is powred upon the Infant, and a
prayer made that it may be clenſed from all impurity: at ſeven yeares age it is
confirmed by the Daroo, and made to fay his prayers o're the fire (but with a
cloath faftned about his head, which covers his mouth and noftrils left his
finful! breath might taint the holy Fire,) drinks a little water, chaw's a Pom-
granat leafe, waſhes in a Tanck, cloathes his naked body with a fine Shuddero
or linnen reaching to his waft, tyes a zone or girdle of Cufhce or Camells
haire about his loynes, woven with Inkle of the Herboods making (which hee
weares ever after) and after a fhort prayer, that he may never prove an Apo-
ſtate or prophane wretch, but continue a Fire-worshipper; eating no mans
meat, nor drinking no mans drink but his owne; he is then bleffed and held a
Perſee moſt warrantable.
Their Marriages in briefe are thus: diftinguifht into five orders. 1. Shaulan,
or a marrying of two young children agreed on by each parents, but unknown
to the children; the vertue being, that if either die they goe to heaven.
2. Chockerfon, a ſecond marriage. 3. Codefherahafan, when the woman is her
owne choofer. 4. Ecksan, when a dead body (not being married before) is
married. s. Ceterson, when having no fonnes, he adopts his daughters fon,&c.
the Coremony this: at midnight the Daroo or Prieſt enters the houſe, (they
wed not in Churches) finds the two parties (to be married) upon a bed toge-
ther; oppoſite to each other ftands two Churchmen with Ryce in their hands
(the Emblem of fruitfulneſſe :) then firft, one laying his fore-finger on the
Brides forehead, he asks if fhe be willing to take that man to be her Husband,
who faying yea: the like rite and queftion is by the other Prieſt done to the
man; the Bridegroome makes a promiſe to infeoff her in a certaine number
of Dynaes: the replyes, the and all fhe has is his; the Prieſts then ſcatter the
Ryce upon their heads and pray, that they may multiply as Ryce; the wo-
mans parents give the Dowry, and eight dayes are spent in joviality and com-
plement.
Their Funeralls are thefe: They put the dead body into a winding ſheet,
all the way his kindred beat themfelves but in great filence till they come
within so or 100 paces of the buriall place: where the Herbood or Prieſt
meets them (obferving ten foot diſtance) attired in a yellow ſcarfe and a thin
Turbant:the Neceffelars or bearers carry the corps upon an iron Beere(wood
is forbidden, in that it is facred to the fire) to a little Shed or Furnace, where
(fo foone as fome miftique Antiques are acted) they hoyfe it up to the top of a
round ftone building, twelve foot high and so in circuit: the entrance is only
at the N. E. fide, where through a fmall grate or hole they conveigh the cars
caffe into a common Monument,the good men into one,the bad into another;
tis flat above, wholy open, plaiftered with ſmooth white loame, hard and
fmooth like that of Paris; in the midft thereof is a hole defcending to the bot-
tome, made to let in the putrifaction iffuing from the melted bodies, which
are there upon layd naked in two rowes, expoſed to the Sunnes flaming rage,
and
54.
LIB.I
Buriall places of the Perfees.
and mercileſſe appetite of ravening Vultures,who commonly are fed by theſe
carcafes,tearing the raw fleſh afunder,and deforming it in an ugly fort; fo that
the abominable ſtink of thoſe unburied bodies (in fome places 300) is fo loath-
fome and ſtrong, that(did not a defire to fee ftrange fights allure a Traveller)
they would prove worſe feene than ſpoken of; Nor doe the Perfees delight
that any ſtranger ſhould goe up to view them.
The Buriall place =
of the Perfees in
India..
<
The Hiftory of the great Mogull.
Et us now into Industan,and by the beft helps and enquiries we can make,
weave the variable Hiftory of the great Mogulls; their pedegree; their
deſcent from Tartary: their feverall conquefts and fucceffe in Indya; with
other moft remarkable occurrents hapning there,theſe laft so yeares: alfo the
deſcription of fuch Cities, Provinces, and Forts as either enrich or fupport
that glorious Empire: the knowing which may peradventure (I doubt it not)
finde gratious acceptance amongst the more ingenuous, who know that
man is the compendium of the world, and admirable in his Defignes, which
yet are croft by the awfull finger of God, when men intend that which thwarts
his providence. Nor can you lend your eares to any nobler part of the Uni-
verfe, which for fpatioufneffe, abundance of faire Townes, numberleffe Inha-
bitants, infinite treaſure, mines, food and all forts of Merchandizes, exceeds
all Kings and Potentates in the Mahometan world: his vaft (but well com-
pacted) Monarchy,extending Eaft and Weft to the Bengalan Gulph and Indian
Ocean. The South to the Decan and Mallabar; North and North Weſt
LIB.I
55
Genealogie of the great Mogul.
←」,{
to the Maurenahar Tartar, and Perfian: 2600 miles fome wayes, 5oco in cir-
cuit: in which he has 38 large Provinces; rich and containing the reft are
Gujurat (where we now are,) Malva, Pengab, Bengala, and part of Decanee,
(Ariaca in Ptol.)together comprehending 30 large Cities, 3000 wall'd Towns,
and fuch Caftles as for Naturall defences feeme impregnable; his yearely re-
venue is ordinarily accounted so crow of roopees; each crow is a hundred
leck, a leck is a hundred thousand roopees,a roopee is 2 s. 3 pence, fomtimes
2 s. fix pence. Howbeit, out of this prodigious rent, goes yearely many great
payments: to his Leiftenants of Provinces, and Vmbraves of Townes and
Forts; having alfo in continuall pay three hundred thousand Horfe,and 2000
Elephants, fed with Donna or Poulfe boil'd with Butter and unrefined Sugar;
to theſe onely, his Fifcall or Treaſurer yearely giving out above forty milli-
ons of crownes; his continuall warrès are no leffe chargeable.
I.
The pedigree of thefe Mogulls is thus upon their owne feales blazoned. 1.
Aben-Emyr-Temir-Saheb-Queran (i.e. Tamberlane, great Prince of the foure
quarters of the world :) 2. Aben-Miram-Sha: 3. Aben Mirza Sultan Mohum-
med: 4. Aben Sultan Abuſaid: 5. Aben mirza-Emir-ſha: 6. Aben Baber potſhaugh:
7. Aben Homayon potfhaw: 8. Aben Ecbar, cald alfo Abdul fetta gbelaladyn Ma-
bumed Achbar: 9. Shaw Selim or Aben Almozapher Nordin Iangheer potshaugh
Gazi: 10. Sultan Curroon or Shaw lehan, now cald Sultan potfhaugh Bedin
Mohumet.
They have a larger genealogy;from Gingis-chan a Prince of Tartars(whom
ſome have feigned) fonne of Baber, fonne of Portan, of Philcan, of Phenama,
of Bizanbeg, of Shaw-dub-chan, ofTomincan, of Bubacan, fonne of Buzamer
all of them brave men as ſtory warrants us.
Cingis-chan (as Hait hon and others fay, his contemporaries) was at firſt by
profeffion a Vulcan or Black-fmith, by condition a good honeft fimple man:
but the influence of heaven new moulded him, in little time in ftead of his
hammer, putting into his hands the Globe and Scepter: his ambitious
thoughts begun from the frequent incouragements a man in white Armour
(mounted upon a white phantafma) gave him, promifing his helpe,and ftimu-
lating his courage,tells the vifion to fome chiefe hoords or cantons, who give
credit to his destiny and make him their generall; he fhewes quickly how his
groffe mettall was refined by a better fire, with a troop of Mogli (one of the
7 hoords) marching South fubduing as farre as mount Belgian, part of Imams,
at this day cald Nigrakott, and Copizat by the Indians; there the fea ftopt his
carriere, but he proftrates himfelfe and 9 times over fumbles out his
the effect followes,the hill clove afunder,the fea parts in two and yeelds them
9 foot fafe paffage: but being upon the continent he hammers out his way
with rufty iron, doing fuch marvellous feates of Armes as to a good faith
feemes wonderfull. I fhall as briefly as may be trace his pofterity to Tamber-
lane: for from his grand-fonnes, we muft borrow our maine hiſtory.
D
prayers:
Heg.608.
Cingis-chan King of the South-Eaſt Tartar after ſome victories againſt the
A.M.1596.
Ruffe,and Tartarrs, dyed at Ketoa-kotan, An. 1228. of the Hegira 608. having A.D. 1228.
divided amongſt his 4 fons what was his by birth or conqueft. To Tusha-chau
he gave the provinces royall of D'haft, Kapecha,Rhoz and Abulgharr;to Chaga-
Bay-cawn, Manremahar, Agger and Chorazan; to Ogg, part of Badria and Cau-
cafus; to Tuli-chan, his Jewells and Treafure. Tuſha or Tuxichan dyed two
yeeres
56
LI B. I
History of the great Mogul.
yeeres after his father; Kagat hay dyed in the yeere 1242, both of them with-
out iffue; whereby, their Seigniories difcended upon Ogg', or Ogtay-charen,
who in all his affaires at home and abroad really prov'd himſelfe the fonne of
Cingis-chan; compelling all the Perfian Monarchy as farre as Babylon to ac-
knowledge him their foveraigne, but in the yeere 1252 was conquered by
death, followed the fate of his predeceffors, commended his Monarchy to
his infant fonne Gayuc-chan, and him to be ordered by the care and provi-
dence of Minchonna his wife, but in the third yeer, impartiall death cald him
alfo away, and gave Manchu-cawn fonne to Tuli-cawn (youngest Tetrarch) ad-
vantage to claime the foveraignty of all, by right of furviving fucceffion.
gave
This young Prince (by fuch an accident mounted to the Imperiall great-
neffe) perceives the eyes of all about him inflam'd with envy, and threatning
his expulfion, inraged by the villany of fome that whifperd out his guilt in
the laſt infants death: fo that (albeit hee was armd with integrity and a juft
Title) he contracts for his defence with ſome confining potentates, and
them the honour and command of feverall provinces of his Empire upon
condition they would hold of him in chiefe, and be ready upon all occafions
to defend him; To Kablay-cawn he gave Ketoachotan and the royall City Cam-
baleck: to Vlakuc-cawen (his brother,) Perfia, Chufiftan, and cherman: and to
Chun-cawn, Gaznehen: but ere hee had occafion to try the malice and incon-
ftancy of his men or chance of warre, death fummond him away, Anno 1260
but not before hee had nominated Vlacuk-cawn for Emperour; who proved
of another ſpirit, his beft delight being to dance in Armour to Bellonaes
Trumpe, and to defend his owne in defpight of all his adverfaries by his owne
vertue, without fecundary props or other allyances: he firft quiets his dome-
ftick broyles compofing peace at home, then magnifies his excellencies in for-
raine parts, in circling and adding to the luftre of his dyadem, Babylon, a great
part of Arabia, and in Syria, Aleppo and Damafcus; all which, during his life he
kept in fubjection and loyalty, and ruled with much magnificence, to the yeer
1270.when, (by the extremity of his diſeaſe finding death at hand) hee calls
his 3 fonnes afore him, exhorts them to unity, divides his lands among them,
dyes, and at Meragah 15 farfangs from Tauris was folemnly buried. Hab-
kay-cawn the eldeft, had the provinces of Hyerac, Mozendram, and Korazan;
(comprehending Medya, Parthya, Hyrcania, Bactria, and Sogdiana.) To Hya-
Shawmet,Aro & Adarbayon(part of Armenia and Iberia comprizing Salmas,Cay,
Nazivan, Maraga and Merent, Cities of quality.) To Tamdon-cawn the Seig-
niories of Dyarbec and Rabaion (or Mefopotamia, part of Syria and what was
made fruitfull by Euphrates and Tygris.) And to his fons by another venture,
Nicador-oglan and Targahe-came, he gave money portions. Habkay-cawn, that
yeere dyed at Hamadan in Perfia, and made protector to his fonne, Nycador-
A.M.5245⋅ Oglan, who fo long and with fuch delight reprefented the young King, that
by a divelliſh art and ambition he fent him to an untimely grave, and establi-
4.Heg 655. Thes himfelfe by name of Hameth-cawn, but all his raigne is fo pursued by
divine vengeance, that in the yeere 1275 he dyes mad and is buried at Cafhan:
in his place, came the right heire (from baniſhment) Argon-cawn, who by the
people is joyfully welcommed, and at his Coronation affumes the name
Tangador-habkay zedda, fonne to Habkay-cawn. This man fwayed the Scepter
yeeres with much tyranny, not only maffacring Nycadors fons and alliances,
A.D. 1275.
but
LIB. I
57
Tamberlane conquers India.
but amongſt the Innocent bath'd his ſword in blood, fo that hee became
hatefull to his owne, and ſtimulated the Parthian to revenge, by whom in
a battell hee is overcome, and by Argon-chan upbraided with his cruelty,
yea to compenfate the like meaſure, is cruelly tormented, his belly ript
open, and his guts given to the doggs. To Tangador (the inveterate Ene-
mie of all Chriftians)fucceeds his brother Giviatoc-chan,who in the fourth
yeare of his reigne perifht by Balduc-chan his Uncle, who alſo after five
yeares rule died iffue-leffe. Badu fonne of Targake youngest fonne to Vla-
cuk chán, by afſent of all that Nation fucceeding in the throne of great-
neffe, whofe affections he anſwered with fo much refpect, clemency, and
care,that never any before him was more belov'd and honored: howbeit,
when he openly profeſt himſelfe to be a Chriftian, the peoples regard
drew back, and many treaſons (fomented by Satan) were hatched againft
him, ſo that at laſt he was flaine (or rather martyr'd) by Gazun-chan, Co-
zen to Tangador, who had fmall caufe to bragge of his treachery, or time
to furfet of his glory; for, by the permiffive hand of God,in Cazbyn, when
he left fufpected treafon, hee is wounded to death by his owne houfhold
fervants Anno 130s, and of the Hegira 685, and lay long time unburied.
His brother Aliaptu Abuzajd (or Mahumet ben Argon)by many attempts
and fhewes of valour purchaſed the reftleffe Diadem: to whom, followed
Hoharo-mirza, or Abuſaid Bahador-chan anno 1337, who confumed his life
in venerous exerciſes: ſo that for want of iffue, the Kingdome became a
Theater of many troubles, no leffe than 30 at one time contending for the
Sovereignty: whereby the diftreffed people were compelled to look for
help from home: And none more fafe to truft to, than the Lord of Sa-
merchand Tamberlayne, much famouſed for his juftice and victories,againſt
the Sarmatique Tartar, Præcopenfe, and Chynafes. Him they invocate by
many prefents of their love, and a letter fill'd with hideous complaints,
defcribing their miferies, the confufion of their Kingdome, and infuffer-
able pride of the thirty competitors. The Scythic Emperour promifes his
beftayde, and with fifty thoufand horfe forthwith enters Perfia, without
doing any hurt, fave againſt the Tyrants, all whom he perfecuted with fuch
fury, that in three moneths (by the induſtry of the Inhabitants) they are
all taken and made to quaffe their farewell in the bitter cup of tormenting
Death: for which, the people urged Tamberlayne to accept the Diadem,
and to eſtabliſh it by all meanes poffible in his pofterity. But after feven
and twenty yeeres moft honourable and fuccesfull government (in that
time captivating the great Turk Bajazet, whom hee brought away in an
iron Cage, fubduing all Afia; yea, in eight yeares conquering more King-
domes and Provinces than the Romans did in eight hundred :) this Mo-
narch of the Afiatique world is fubjected by imperious Death, & intombed
anno 1405, of the Heg. 785. at Anzar in Cathayo: leaving his fonnes and
grand children to inherit his victories: Ioon-gwyr, Hameth-cheque, Myram
fa, and Mirza-fharock, by fome call'd Sontochio and Letrochio, of which,
Toon gwir died (three yeares before his father,) in Palestine, leaving two
fonacs Mamet Sultan, and Pyr-Mahomet; which Pir Mahomet was by his
Grandfire placed in Gaznehes and Industan,where he ruled till Pir All flew
him villanously. Hameth Cher was flaine in Laureftan, fome fay in his fa-
thers
I
58
LIB.I
Various fucceffe of the Moguls.
thers laft combat with Bajazet. Myramfha, the third fonne, was flaine in
battell enne 1480 by Chara-Iffuff the Turkoman in Aderbayon (but left il-
fuc Sultan Mahumed from whom the great Mogul is deſcended:) and Mirza-
Sharoc the youngest of Tamerlans fonnes (furviving the other) held moſt
parts of the Empire, till dying in the yeare 1447,he left Aberdagon (or part
of Media) to Mirza loonha fonne of Kara-Iff the Turk new entred Perfia.
Whiles Miramfha's iffue preferve the ſplendour and magnificence of the
Tartarian Emperour. Myramfha (by fome call'd Allan-Chan)left iffue (as is
ſaid) Mahumet, call'd Aben Mirza Sultan Mahomet, who died anno 1453,
leaving to his fonne Barchan (at his Coronation new named Mirza Sultan
Abuzaed) many rich and fpatious Provinces, as Badaſhon, Gaznehen, Cabul,
Siftan, Kerman, Chorazan, and Khoemuz: all which were not fufficient by
bribe nor force to fecure him againſt the incenſed Perfian, who having en-
dured much affliction for triall of conqueft, at laft, Ioonfa with Acen Ally
his fonne, grand fonne to Kara Iuff were beaten downe, and Vfan Caffan
(call'dalfo Acembeg) Lord of the White Sheepe, governed. Vnder this Van
Caffan (an Arminian) the people fall upon Sultan Abufaid, and in a pitche
field vanquish him and eighty thouſand men,himfelfe flaine,three hundred
Elephants taken, and all his Countries ranfacked; yet by reaſon of many
difcords amongst the Perfians, they revived and fet Abuaids fonne upon
the Throne by name of Aben Mirza hameth cheque,whoſe foure and twenty
yeares were ſpent in fweet eafe and plenty. At's death his Empire def-
cends anno 1493 upon his brothers fonne Babur Mirza,named upon the ad<
dition of his greatneſſe, Aben Babur Padſhaw; intituled prince of Maure-
#ahar, Balke and Samerchand; but, in the feventh yeare of his reigne is ex-
peld his Kingdome by practife and confpiracie of Sha-Mahumed(called alſo
"Sha beg chan) who layd claime to the Crowne, pretending hee was fonne
and true heire of Aben-Mirza-hameth-cheque late Emperour, being (as hee
faid) by craft ftolne from his Nurfe, and conveighed amongſt the Ouzbeag
Tartars, whence (for fome offence he had made) hee fled with his lawleffe
troopes, enters Indyja and attempts the conqueft; where after hee had ty-
4.M.5502. rannized long time, was in the yeare 1532,of the Mahomet an account 912,
A.D. 1532. fore againft his will, compell'd to trot the knotty path of inevitable defti-
A.Heg 912. nie, leaving no iffue; fo that the Crown defcended by right of Inheritance
upon the eldeſt ſonne of Aben Babur, Homayon by name, who fuffered no
fmall affliction by the malice and envic of Mirza Kameren his younger bro-
ther, that confederated with Tzeerchan, and by long practife forced him
into Perfia, where he was royally entertained,and after three moneths ſtay
fent with great and royall fuccours back againe.
This alfo is remarkable (the ftory of it is painted inLohor palace)that king
Badur thirſting after the conqueft of Indya, difguifes himſelfe and thirty
Noble men in his company in the habit of Kalenders or Friers, as if they
were upon a Rummery or pilgrimage. The better by this craft to eſpie
their advantage: but being in Delly (the greateſt Citie of the Potan King)
could not ſo behave "themſelves but that Tzecander the King diſcovered
them, who pardoned them upon condition they would fweare never to
attempt the conqueft during either of their lives. But when both were
dead, "Homayon (Baburs ſon) entred & diſpoſſeſt Abram and Shec-Sha-Selym
(Secanders
Lib. I
59
Sudden death of the Mogull.
Secanders ſonnes) of the Diadem. Howbeit, Tzeerchan a brave Bengalan
Prince,fights againſt this new come Tartar,& foiles his Army neere Ganges
forcing him into Perfia, where hee married the Kings fifter, and with her
and Byram chan, and twenty thousand horſe returns, and is refeated in
Delly, and acknowledged King.
Homayon (fon of Babur great-grand-fon of Teymir-Lan or Tamberlain)
being re-inveſted with the Imperiall Title and Diadem of Indoftan by
meanes of Tamas the Perfian King, and returned triumphant by the over-
throw of Tzeer-chawn the intruding King of Patan,who anno Dom. Isso.and
of the Hegira or Mahomit an account 960. died difconfolate. Homayon,
I fay
after hee had committed his eldeſt ſon Abdul Fetta Gelaladin Mahomet (a
while after firnamed Eckbar) to the truft and care of Begranghano chawa,
(a difcreet and valiant man) being in Delly, having one evening chawed too
much ſenſe confounding Opium, hafting to his Orifons, upon the watch-
word from a high Tower, fuddenly he flipt downe forty fteps or degrees,
which fo bruiſed him, that after three dayes torment he deceafed, leaving
Achbar his fon inheritor to his Greatneffe and miferies. This hapned in A.M.55226
the yeare of our Lord God 1552. from which time, to this yeare out of A.D.1552.
our owne and Belgick fragments congefted by de Laet, I think it partly 4.Heg.932
convenient with our other paffages and obfervations of Indya to prefent
thefe, which to the obfervant may prove acceptable.
Ecbar, having by help of Beyrangano-Kawn, and Chawn-Channa his ſon,
difpeld fome clouds caufed by Abdal-Chaws, was with folemnity crowned
King, or great Mogul in Delly; after which, hee bent his whole endeavours
to enlarge his Territories and make knowne,that he was verely the great
grand fon of victorious Teymerlan. In the firft, taking full revenge of He-
mow, who had formerly chafed Turdichan, but three months after by mif-
chance of warre comming under command of Badur chawn, his head is cut
off and elevated in Delly, and that Province for fome time quieted: then,
by Ally Coolichan he fubdues Doab (by fome call'd Sanbal, a Province fur-
rounded by leming and Ganges, fruitfull and well peopled:) at that time
Beyramgano-chan (otherwife call'd Byramchan the Perfian)aging faft and ty-
red with the fopperies of this world, having well diſcharged the truft re-
pos'd by his old Mafter, and finding Ecbar warie and valiant to regard the
dignity of his Empire, obtaines leave to ſpend the refidue of his time at
Mahomets Sepulcher, in contemplation: but (in his Roomery in the way
to Medina) at Pathang in Cambaya is wounded to death by an obfcure flave
of his, whofe father he had formerly flaine, fo that by Abdal Radgee his fon
(not fourteene yeares old) and much fad company this great Captaine is
brought back to Agray, and there buried: Ecbar laments his death though
thought an Agent, but nothing can recover him: hee labours to forget it,
and ſpends ſome time in building the Caftle at Agra, formerly of mud, but
by him pull'd downe & fo altred, that it fcarce admits compariſon through
all Afia: tis of durable ftone, polisht and fo fpatious that it comprehends
three miles circular, is built upon the pleaſant banks of Iemeny, circled
with a ſtrong ſtone wall, moated, and to be entred by many draw Bridges;
has foure brave gates, many bulwarks and counterfcarps to defend it.
Agray (from Surat Eaft (even hundred and feventy miles) the Navel of Agra.
12
the
бо
LIB. I
Agray.
Gur-Chytto taken.
the Moguls territories, and Empreffe of Indya, has 28 degr. 37 min. North
latit. is watered by Ieming (Iomanes in Pliny, and Hynamanes in Polianus his
& lib. Semiramidis) which from Delly glides hither, and commixing with
Ganges, flowes into the Bengalan Sea. Agra was of old call'd Nagra, and
ere that, Dionyfia; whence fome fay 'twas founded by Bacchus.but I beleeve
it not;partly, in that Fettipore till of late (no longer than fifty yeares agoe)
bore away the fame for beauty and grandeur, and in that Bacchus (fayes
S. Auguftine) was contemporary with Mofes in the yeare from Adam 2515:
rather from the river Agranis, which hence ftreams into Ganges, as Arrian
lib.de Indicis has it. The ſhape is femilunary, likeLondon:the ftreets long and
narrow, and nafty; of feven miles continuance: in part 'tis wall'd about,
the ditch the remainder, which too oft fmels infectioufly. From Agra to
Lahore (through a delicate fhade of trees) are five hundred miles.To Bram-
pore one thouſand; to Afmeer two hundred; to Surat feven hundred and
Leventy.
Radgee Rana the moft potent and noble Prince of Indya, at this time loft
his ſtrong and ſtately Caſtle Chyttor, by treaſon of Zimet Padſha his ſubſti-
tute, not content therewith, till he had made many inroades into Gujurat
in contempt of the Moguls forces. Ecbar is glad of the occafion, hafting
with fifty thouſand horſe to be revenged. Some months he spent in befie-
ging it, but fo fruitlefly,that he attempts the conqueft by ftratagem,under-
mining the Fort, and to the admiration and terrour of the befieged,blowes
it up with powder, caufing fuch a breach as himſelfe and twenty thousand
men immediatly entred pel-mel with fuch hafte & fury, that Zimet the re-
bell perceiving treaty of no value, gathering in one his Family, confum'd
himfelfe and them in flames, to prevent the tortures provided for him by
Ecbar, and Mardout his enraged Mafter. In this fort this famous Forc is ta
ken, which Aladin by twelve yeares fiege could doe ne hurt to. A victory
fo great and valuable, that Eckbar caufes it be expreft in fculpture, and for
a Trophy placed in Agra as a wonder. Hee had no time to furfet of this
victory, receiving letters from Rajea Bagwander Viceroy of Lahore, that
Mirza Mamet Hagee his brother with thirty thouſand horſe out of Kabul,
had attempted to prey upon Lahore: Ecbar delayes no time, but with his
Army preſents himſelfe fo fuddenly to the Enemie, that without any re-
fiftance or ſtay Mahomet flyes away, leaving his men and camp to the rage
of Esbars company.
This occafion drew the King to view all advantagious places of defence,
which hee both bettered by his care, and gave them in charge to fuch hee
trufted. He alfo takes a furvay of Pang-Ob, out of which he is called by let-
ters from his mother in Agra, affuring him of the rebellion of Badur-kawn
Ally-Kooli-Kawn and Zemaen, fent that ſpring againſt the Patanians,whom
in Doab they put to flight, at Sambel alfo, and at Lachnoun got a greater vi-
&tory,and three weekes after, at Ioonpore utterly defeated them, fubduing
to the Mogul all fuch Provinces as lie ingirt 'twixt Ganges and That fa, con-
quefts of fo great note, that they grew efflated beyond meaſure, conceiting
all Indoftan under like hazard, and which they refolved to make tryall of.
But the reward and deſtiny due to Traytors overtakes them: for Echar by
fwift marches long before the Rebels expected him pitches on the Eaft of
.***
Teminy
LIB. 1 The Moguls pilgrimage to Affmeer. Amadavad. 61
leming (the river at Agra) which wounded the adverſe part with fuch
amazement,that forfeiting the memory of their paffed victories,they begin
a ſhamefull flight; Ecbar greedily purfues them, beating downe the Gilly
men immeaſurably, and after long purfuit, the heads are taken: Allyculi-
cawn is troden under foot by the inraged horfes, and Badur-cawn (by Ec-
bars command and in his fight) ſtrangled: this done, Ganganna is fent to
Ioonpore againſt Mirza Suljman and the King retreats to Agra, where, hee
fancies a pilgrimage to Afmeer a hundred and thirty courfe or two hun-
dred English miles diftant thence, by invocation of Mandee a reverent
Hodgee or difciple of Mahomet, by his favour to obtaine ſome iffue maſcu-
line; after much foot toyle (at every miles end a faire ftone being pitcht to
reft upon, as yet remaining) he gets thither, where bare foot very devout-
ly he intreats dead Mondee for children: this Prophet is intombed in a rich
and ſtately monument,graced with 3 faire Courts, each paved with fingu
lar good ftone, the Fabrick (after the Perfian mode) polifht and pargetted
in Mofaick order. Afmeer, is under 25 degr. 15 min. North lat. feated Afmeer.
upon a high impregnable mount, the greater part of the City being below,
fairely built, of ſmall value in refiftance, yet moated and wald about with
folid ftone; not much diftant is Godak, once, the habitacle and feat of the
valiant Raſhboot:the country is champaigne and very fruitfull,in many pla-
ces affoording the ruines of much antique magnificence, by time and war
made defolate and obfcured: thefe,Ecbar coupled to the reft of his fpatious
Empire. Ecbar by this has made an end of his oblations, and in his returne
vifits a holy Derwis,Siet Selym by name, who tooke it for ſo great a favour,
fo
that out of his delphick notions, he foretold the Mogul how ere long hee
fhould be father of three gallant men children; it proved fo, in which re-
gard, his firft borne (from the Dervys) is called Selym;after,Ska Selym: the
other two,Chan Morador Amurath, and D'haen-fha or Danyell: a prophecy
fo grateful to Ecbar the Mogul,that there he confecrates a brave and magni-
fique Mofque, walls the old towne Tzickerin or Sycary, and from this holy
occafion new names itFettipore i.e. a place of pleaſure;yea grew ſo affected
to it, that he added a pallace for himfelfe and a Buzzar, ſcarce out-beauti-
fied by any other in the Orient, and had made it the Metropolis had the
river affected him, by whofe unwholfomneffe he forfooke it, from whence
ruine and negle&t have moatheaten her, at this day proftrate and become
the object of danger and mifery; tis from Agra eighteene miles English.
{
Whiles things were in this fort digefting, newes comes to King Ecbar
(then in Fettipore) that a great rebellion was begun in Gujurat by Ehra-
him Hoffen, Mirza-cawn, Mahomet Hoffen and Ioon-cawn, who had moft
audacioufly forraged as farre as Baroch and were marching to Amadavad,
hoping with his troopes of Theeves and Coolyes to make a prey of that
Emperiall City.
Amadavad, undoubtedly feemes to me, to be that City Amacaftis in Ptol
Amadavaſtis in Arrhian. Howbeit, fome fay it has denomination from
King Hamet who in the yeere of Mahomet 375 made it large and beauti-
full: the pole Articke is there elevated 23 degrees 18 minutes: tis at this
prefent the Megapolis of Cambaya or Guzurat, watered by a fweet river
and circled by a beautifull ftrong ftone wall of fixe miles compaffe, well
Fettipore.
Amadavad.
and
62
LIB. I
Gujurat conquered.
and orderly advanc't with many pretty Towers and a dozen Poſterns: out
of which few paffe or repaffe without a Paffe, fearing treafon from Prince
Badur, who in our times with a hundred thouſand horfe ranfackt Cambaya
thirty ſeven courſes hence, and dayly threatens this faire Citty. The ftreets
are many, pretty large and comely; moft shops redundant with Aromatick
gummes, perfumes and fpices;filkes,cotton,callicoes,and choife of Indian
and China rarities, owned and fold by the abftemious,faire ſpoken, crafty
Bannians, who here furpaffe for number the other Inhabitants: of moft
note is the Buzzar, rich and uniforme; the Gaftle is ftrong, large, moated;
and the receiving place of the Cambayan Governour: the houfes in ge-
nerall are of Sunne-burnt bricks, low, large and tarraffed adjoyning, is
feene the momument of a certaine pedagogue, fo deerly beloved by Sha-
Reer the King, that by a ſtately Mausoleum he ftrove to make him feeme
immortall: both building and pavement are of well polifht marble. It has 3.
Courts of great beauty and refpect, one of them faftidious in foure hun-
dred porphirian pillars framed in Corinthiack architecture: conjoyning,
is a Tanck of refreſhing water, compaffed with cloifters adorned with
fpatious windowes, moft of which, give the obſerver a delicate horizon:
at Sefques alfo (one houres riding thence) are feene the Dormitories of
many Cambayan Potentates, lodged in a brave and princely Temple,much
reforted to by the Idolatrous Vannyans: and two miles neerer the City,
behold the gardens and pallace of Chawn Chonna ſonne to the great Bj-
ramchan the Perfian; an Indian Ombrave, by whofe valour of late yeeres
the laſt of the Cambayan Kings in that very place by loffe of his life, gave
conqueft to this warriour, and dominion to Ecbar the Mogul his Mafter.
But returne we to Ecbar; who no fooner received intelligence of Hoffens
rebellion, but with incredible hafte,winged with fury,he gets thither (each
twenty foure houres pofting ſeventy, in feven dayes foure hundred cour
fes) and gives thofe rebells battell at Titans firft uprifing, and with their
noife and clamour fo terrifies them, that after ſmall refiftance their whole
Army is difordered, many flaine, and by a fresh fupply of twelve thou-
fand Horse led by Chan Goga an expert fouldier, after fome skirmish they
are chaſed, and in flight Ebrahim Hoffen and Mirza-cawn flaine, Mohomet
Hoffen taken prifoner and beheaded; and by this advantage not only Ama-
davar recovered and is fortified,but Surat alfo conquered and most of Gu
zurat made ſubje&t to Ecbars diadem: this done, hee returnes crown'd
with Triumph, and begins the Caftle in Agray, built of fuch good ftone,
made fo large and vaft, thar fhe may deſerve the Title of princeffe of Afia:
twelve yeers ſcarce finifht it, tho twelve hundred at fome time were im-
ployed about it: he expended fifty thouſand crow of Tacks. (a crow is a
The Gafle hundred lack, each lack a hundred thouſand) thirty fometime twenty tack
make one roopee; a roopee is two fhillings three pence, fo that accoun
ting but twenty tack to a roopee, the totall he disbursed, amounts to two
millions and five hundred thouſand roopees: at Fettipore, at that time alfo
he ſpent about the wall and pallace a millions and five hundred thouſand
roopees, in all, foure million: at Tzekander likewiſe, three courfe (or five
miles from Agra as we go to Lahor) the Moufoleum of the great Mogulls,
begun by Ecbar, augmented by langheer his fonne,and yet ſcarce finiſhed,
of Agra
built.
having
LIB. I Bengala conquered, and Rhantipore.
€3
having already confumed fourteene millions of roopees in that wonder
of India. It would require an exact defcription, in little thus. The place
is Scander, a place where the greatest of Kings made his ne plus. Ecbar the
moft magnifique of Tamberlans race is here buried: tis a Mauſoleum of
foure large fquares, each about three hundred paces; the materiall is free
ftone, polifht, at each Angle afmall Tower of particoloured marble; ten
foot higher is another tarraffe, on every fide beautified with three Tow-
ers;the third gallery has two on each fide;the fourth,one;the fifth,halfe; &
a ſmall ſquare gallery mounting to a royall pyree; within, is the mummy
of Ecbar bedded in a coffin of pure gold, the whole ftru&ture is built in
midſt a ſpacious and curious garden, furrounded with a wall of red ftone,
and in that a brave raile mounted by fixe ftaires, which difcovers a little
garden, but exquifitely beautifull and odorifferous. Whiles theſe vaſt
buildings were erecting, Ganganna profecutes Mirza Suljman, who (whe-
ther of griefe or age is doubted) dyed fuddenly, commending the fucceffe
to Skander his fonne, in fhort time made away by rafcall confpirators, in's
place Douwett, Bazat-camn fonne, a man both effeminate and hated, fo
that now occafion gave it felfe richly for Ecbar to linck Bengala to his
Crowne Imperiall: he apprehends it, and with a brave army of fifty thou-
fand horfe and fixe hundred Elephants marches againft the Pathan and is
paft Ganges ere Sha-Douwet has notice of his comming, which when hee
is affured of, fends Radgee B'han with 20000 horfe to encounter them:
twixt Ziotſa and Moheb-Alli-poor they affront one another, and for three
houres skirmish gallantly, but Ecbar at length has the maftery and coura-
giouſly purſues them to Pathan, where King Donwet had fortified. Ecbar
by no means could commove them to battell,nor in 3 moneths fiege enter
the City, for Patan is both great and well fortified, yet in the fourth hee
forces it, giving it as a prey to his men, who uſed all fort of hoftill violence,
the unlucky King buried in drink, all that time fenfeleffe of any loffe, till
too late to repent it, is convaied away in a boat, at three dayes end made
headleffe, and ſent to Echar, as a Simbol of their love and his vanity: the
King having thus fortunately proceeded in Bengala, goes back to Fetti-
pore, where whiles he overfees his buildings, is mindfull to increafe and
bring to maturity his Empire which then was but in adolefcency, and to
that end by the valour and vigilancy of Ruftan-cawn and Zadoc-caws the
ſtrong Caſtle Rhantipore is taken from the Radgees who of many hundred
yeeres had lorded it; after which, the Caftle Rota or Roughtaz in Berar
in Bengala (fome thinke Oreophanta of old) by a merry fleight or ftrata-
gem: this Caſtle for many ages has acknowledged the Radgee her Gover-
nour, her building both from Art and Nature excellent and impregnable:
tis feated upon a perpendicular bill, the afcent cut oblique out of the
firme rock for three miles continuance, the rest round about,precipitious;
the top is a plaine of eight miles every way, the circuit twenty foure, heal-
thy, wealthy, and abounding in all good things neceffary, as water, corne,
fruits, wood, and fixteene villages included by the Caſtle wall, which
gives the defence twofold wonderfull; in a word, not any Fort or Caftle
in Afia (or it may bee in the univerſe) is more delightfull or of greater
ftrength and fafety.
This
Rotal
64
LIB. I
Rotas taken by a stratagem.
E
This, the great Mogull lookes upon with a luftfull eye, imeaſurably
thirsting after it, but knowes neither by bribe nor valour how to compaffe
it; pollicy muft actuate, and tho he comprehends no way, yet ceaſes not
to torture his invention, till his bombaft is ſpent and the enterpriſe under-
taken by Mohebally-cawn a wife and daring Captaine, who having leave,
without acquainting Ecbar or any other with his fantafies, proceeds with
foure hundred young men, armd with cryzes, and his Seraglio in two
hundred doolaes or cajuaes as if hee were upon a Iourney into Bengala:
and in this order paffing on, when he came within view of the Caſtle, he
fhowes a Rajea his concubines and bribes him to procure leave of the
Lord above, that in regard of his hafte he might with fafety leave there
his Seralio till his returne, which he would take as a reall favour and ſtu-
dy to remunerate: the meffage is delivered, the Radgee (who loved wo-
men well) entertains the motion, and Ally-cawn imparting the fecret to a
prudent Eunuch, difroabs the women; and with their apparell cloaths
himfelfe and the foure hundred youths, commanding the women in maf-
culine attire to continue the Journey to Orixa, the Eunuchs, twelve in
number, with bowes and arrowes gard the Selaglio and by the Radgees
command are entred (but like Synons horfe into wretched Troy:) for,All-
canon (giving the word) the Doolaes are difmounted,and out of which, the
warlike Amazons. In the firft place they kill the porters of the Caftle
gare, then with incredible ſpeed and courage affaile the aftonifht Inhabi~
tants,whom they take priſoners,and in the end the Radgee himſelf,who(to
prevent excufe) they fend to Erebus: thus is this Caftle wonne, which
(but by ftratagem) was not to bee taken by all the hoftile force of India.
Ecbar heares it with incredible delight, and joyes the more in his beliefe,
when he viewes that maffe of treaſure fent him thence by Ally cawn to
confirme the conqueft. After which the invincible Caftle Teleore is by
Ieloor taken. Gidney cawn an Apoftat Mahomet an betrayed to the Mogull tho to his own
brothers confufion. The fame thereof afflicts many Princes of the Rajeas,
each of them labouring to conferve their owne againſt this overfpread-
ing Tartar: fome,couragiously defie his greatneffe, of which ranck is Roop
Mathii, a Lady both faire and valiant; her face was fitter to ſubdue Mars
then any Javelin, yet the confides more in her lance than in her beauty;fo
that, cheering up her obedient troopes, very bravely the fpoiles the Mo-
gulls dominions, but in the midft of her boaft and hopes thee is affronted
by Adam-cawn, a hard-hearted warriour, who with his regiment ſo furi-
ouſly oppofed her, that moſt of her Pattans were ſlaine, and her felfe
(tho fhee might have lived) to prevent fhame and inchafrity, by poison
gave over being: Mafoffer-cawn allo this yeere 1588, of the Hegira 968
confpires againſt Ecbar, in Guzurat: firft he ftrangles Gotobdas Mamet-cann
the Kings Viceroy in Amadabat and fome Ombraves, & then feizes upon all
the Forts & advantageous places for the bettering his villanous rebellion;
but by Abdall Radgee (Beirangana-cawns fonne) is vanquisht, and fearing
to obtaine pardon deſtroyed himselfe as did the late nam'd Amazon. The
report of whoſe death was no fooner bruited, but the fame alfo of Mirza
Mahomet Hackim (brother to Ecbar) his death, occafions Ecbar to affure
himfelfe of Cabul, which during Hackims life was impoffible; but ufing
with
LIB. I
65
Divers Kings Jubmit to Ecbar.
•
.
wich all kind reſpect his wives and children, yea giving Chabec-cawn, Ha-
metbeg and Mamet Mixuen-cawn his beft Vmbraves large wages and com-
mand in Mefulipatan, Orixa and other places; at the fame time Zebbar-
cawn (late Prefident of Kabul and ovated for his victory that yeere againſt
Maxuen-cawn. Bama-cawn and other rebells in Bengala) is made Viceroy
of that Province, and Radzia Thormiel cald to Fettipore,fuch time as Rad-
gee Ramgiend Lord of Bando (a Province adjoyning to Agra, redundant
onely in fand and ftones) by perfwafion of Radgee Bhyrmiel prefents him-
felfe to Ecbar at Fettipore, and inrolls his countrey as a member of the
Mogulls Seigniory, by whofe example many other petty Gentile Kings
came and ſubmitted unto Ecbar, and yeerely (as a fymbol of their love and
acknowledgement of fubjection) prefent him their daughters to bee his
concubines; to the Mogull a gratefull tribute: and for their better fatis fa-
&tion to court them in, at Pražje (an 110 courfe from Agra, Chryfoborca
in Pliny:) advances a triumphant pallace upon a promontory,where Iemi-
ny empries her felfe into Ganges; the materiall is hard ftone, fram'd & pol-
lifht with great beauty,& calls it Elabaffe;in nothing more obfervable,then Elabas
a deep dark cave, in which are preſerv'd (as holy relicks) divers deformed builded,
Pagotha's, rediculoufly fuppofed Babba Adam, Mamma Evah, Seth, Enob
and Methuselah, whom they affirme were created and lived here; and to
whom (from all parts of India) refort innumerable Bannyans for benedi-
&tion: first purifying themſelves in Ganges (reputed holy, and no doubt ex-
cellent, for we find that a pint of Ganges water weighes leffe by an ounce
then any other water) and fhaving off all haire as uncleane excrements,
and without them meritorious: the whole, is furrounded with a triple
wall; the firſt;of quadrated red ftones and higheft; the inmoft of white,
retaining an Obeliske fifty cubits high, and as many under ground to make
it durable; fixt there it may be by proud Alexander. In this (which many
Potan Kings formerly in vaine attempted by reafon of the rivers) the King
fpent a myriad and two hundred thousand of roopees. Here alfo they
fhew a holy Tree, which many Potan Kings have fought to eradicate and
deftroy, but never could prevaile in it. Neere Elabaffe alſo is worth our
feeing the ftately Tombe which Langbeer built for his first wife (Raja Ma-
mifenghs filter) who poifon'd her felfe upon the report of her fonne Sul
tan Gußbroes rebellion.
4་
The Mogull's affaires fucceeding thus fortunately, no clouds, no tumults
appearing, Echar broaches new Chymeraes,and fancies the intire conqueft
of Purop, Patan, Chormandel, yea of all Bengala to the South; and to
ftretch his Empire North as farre as Tartary: to further which,he heares,
that Abdul-cawn, fonne and heire to Skander-chan King of Maurenahar
(part of Tartary) was comming to Fettipore to vifit him; he prevents the
moft part of his journey,& meets him at Lahore; where, he was with much
ceremony entertained, but after ſmall ftay departed home againe. Newes
being brought King Achbar that Mirfa sharoph in Badaxan had beene mi-
ferably abuſed by the Ouzbeg Tattars; the King refolves their puniſhment:
but as more confiderable, bends towards Orixe that he might at once lord
it over Ganges. At Atteck he orders his Army: to Radjea Byrmiel he gave
one part, to Iehan-cawn another, to himselfe the third: Byrmiel leads the
K
Van'
:
f
66*
Cafs'meer conquered.
+
LIB.I
Van', and outstripping the Army falls furiouſly upon the Patanians, who
by th' incouragement of Zel-Ally receive them with no leffe fury, but an-
fwer blow for blow, fo long, fo bravely, that Byrmiel is beaten downe
with moft part of his inconfiderate Army; Ecbar by fuch as fled heares the
tragedy, and inflam'd with defire of conqueft and revenge, haftens upon
them, and with fuch order and force, that Zel-Ally and Turkoft are dif-
comfited,fifteene thouſand flaine, and Bengala fubje&ted: the conqueft of
Kandabor is next recorded, for hearing of a great variance twixt the two
Princes Huffan and Ruftan, (fonnes of Mirza Beyram the Randabor Gover-
nour) and the Perſian: he confederates with the two young men, and fends
Chabeec cawn with five thonfand horſe, who at midnight are let in by the
two brethren, and the Citty made a vaffali of Ecbars greatneffe: but in
ſhort time Abas the Perfian King redu&ted it from the Indian. Ecbars Ambi-
tion growes endleffe, fo he can overcome he cares not how, nor where he
conquers: for, hearing of the old King of Maurenahars death, hee covets
to become his fucceffor. Firft, to elpie their ftrength and winne black
hearted fauters to his intentions, hee fends, Tzedder-cawn and Hackeem-
cawn to work it, who under pretence of comforting Abdul-camn play
their parts, and at the yeeres end returne well doctrinated: the great Mo-
gull referves the practice for himſelfe, but perceiving Caffimeer interpo-
fing and not under him, fends Ally Mirza in Ambaffie to Iuftoff-cawn (a
fearefull King) that if hee would with his fonne forthwith come to La-
hore and do homage to him, he ſhould re-accept his feniory, and his beft
power at all times to defend him: if he would referre it to the chance
of warre, he would dethrone, and make him a perpetuall flave, and his fon
a ftranger. The Cafmirian King, affrighted at it, goes inftantly to Ecbar
and confirmes his vaffalage; but Iacob-cawn his fonne, not able any lon-
ger to diffemble, flies home, and is fo followed by fuch as loved him, that
he expells the Indians out of the Citty and is acknowledged King; but
his Halcyon dayes are of ſmall continuance; for Ecbar ftormes, and accile-
rates Ally Mirza and Caffem-cawn with thirty thousand horfe to fetter him;
they chafe him; not daring upon equall termes to combate it, he flyes to
the high Mountaines of Bimbery, but caffem-cawn, directed by fome na-
tives, fo hotly purſue, that they are Lords of thofe hills, whence Iacob
hafts to Sirhenakar, but there alſo they beleaguer him, whofe ftrength in
men nor walls were fufficient to repell the enemy, but in defpight of both,
is taken and manacled, yea, made to bend under the iron yoake of flavish
bondage.
Callimer is part of that part of Afia, of old call'd Sogdian. The North
Pole is there raifed 41 deg. nine min. from Agra three hundred; from Su-
rat, three thouſand Engliſh miles diftant:the Province in generall is moun-
tainous barren, cold and windy. Her Metropolis Shyrenaker is three miles
in compaffe, watered by Behat,a river, which from Caucafus after many glo-
merating dances increaſes Indus: nothing more obfervable than a lake
(eight leagues thence) fifteen miles about,in center is a pretty Ifle,bearing
a faire and pleafant Palace, out of which is feene variety of ſports, fishing,
hawking, rowing,&c.
::.
This done, reſtleffe Ecbar (a while deferring the conqueft of Bactria)
aimes
LIB.I
67
Tutta.
Decans vanquished.
aymes at Tutta and all Indus; knowing how odious Mirza lehan by reaſon
of his tyrannie was to his inferiours, he fends Ganganna with twelve thou-
fand men, and by Boat fayling downe Ravee into Indus, ere long they ar-
rive at Tatta, which for fix moneths held out, but in the feventh the Ty-
rant yeelds it up, and is upon conditions entertain'd friendly, and by this
all-Synde to Loore Bander upon the Ocean, acknowledge Ecbar King of the
Mogulls their head and Soveraigne.
Tutta or Tatta (till now, commanded by the Rafhboot) Eaft from lefel- Tutta.
meer,&Weft fro Buckor, is one of the moft celebrated Marts of Indja:from
Lahore thirty dayes journey, but by Indus in leffe attained. Vpon the Oce-
an fhee has Loure-Bander, three eafie dayes travell thence, obfervable in
this, that fuch fhips as ride at anchor there, are not fo gnawed and fpoiled
with wormes, as at Swalley, Chaul, Dabul, Daman, Goah, and other places.
About this time Nezamfham the old King of Decan, paid Nature her ut A.D. 1593.
moit Tribute, and Melec Amber his fonne is ftated in his royall Throne A.H. 973.
and dignity: Ecbar is fick till he attempt the conqueft; to doe which he re-
folves neither coft nor toile fhould hinder it; the enterpriſe more hope-
full, for that a woman was rectrix of the Marches. Ganganna is chofen Ge-
nerall, who with inftructions and thirty thouſand horſe, from Lohore hafts
to Brampore, where Radgee Alychan the Governour conjoynes five thou-
fand more, and after fome moneths preparation fet forward towards De-
can. Tziend Bieby, daughter to the laft King, heares of the Mogulls ap-
proach, and to refift them fortifies Amdanagar, obtaining alfo fome Forces
from the Kings of Vifapore and Golcunda,in all forty thouſand horſe, which
The commends to her Martiall Eunuch Godgee Shubel,who ftayes for them
upon the Confines, firft combatting with Ally Chawn, Mirza Gaffem, and
halfe the Army; the Pagans enter pel-mel, without order,guided only by
bravery & defire of conqueft:on both fides were many flain;now one,then
the other part growing victorious; fo long,fo couragioufly, with fuch emu-
lation and fury the battell continued,that when Apollo (weary of ſo much
bloodshed) had hid his golden tramells in Thetys bofome, they ceafed not
but by Cynthia's pale candor renued the fight with fuch alacrity, that of
many yeares never was battell fought bravelier, in eighteene houres none
knowing who were more victorious; till fuch time as Phebus fparkling his
flagrant beames againe in that Horizon, Changanna falls in with his Regi-
ment, fo freſh, ſo violent, that after three houres skirmish the Decans turn
back, leaving their heroick Captaine Godgee flaine in the field. The Mo-
gulls follow the chafe fifteene miles, but the Princeffe Baby charges them
with fresh troopes, caufingthem retreat to Brampore till a fecond feafon.
Ecbar, the great Mogull has notice of their fucceffe,and to accilerate ano-
ther triall, intreats Sha Morad his beloved fonne to levie fiftcene thouſand
horſe,and from Brampore with the other Forces to fpoile or conquer thofe
meridionall Provinces: merrily the youthfull Prince advances thither-
ward, but during his ftay in Brampore grew fo exceffively venerious and
drunken, that his radicall vigour became fpent, his lungs confum'd, and Sadde death
death the period of his confumption. His fudden farwell ftruck the Army of Prince
with fuch amazement,that many Vmbraves(to avoyd the fufpitious fury of
his Father) fled, nor caring to inhume the carcaffe : Ecbar heares it,fweares
K 2
they
Morad
!
68 ·
LIB. I
Labor deſcribed.
they had poyfon'd him, and vowes requitall: his Chancellor (the Princes
Schoolemafter) Abdul Fazel is fent, and (finding the dead Prince his owne
confumer) affembles Ganganna, Iuftoffchan, Tzadok-Mamet-Chan, Mirza
Tzarok, and fuch Vmbraves as were at hand, affords them comfort, and re-
vokes fuch as had fled, ſatisfies Ecbar whoſe was the fault, undertakes the
Princes charge (after hee had fent his carcaffe to Delly there to be buried)
and in ſmall time fubdues the Provinces of Chandys or Sanda, Berar, and
many other wealthy places: by letters he acquaints the King,& defires him
to forfake Lohore a while(having ſpent twelve Winters & Summers there)
and come to Agra, hoping in fmall time to fubject Decan,Gulcunda (by the
Perfians call'd Hydraban) Vifiapore and other parts of India to his Empire.
Ecbar, orders his fonne Selym to chaſtiſe with fifteene thouſand horſe,
A.Heg.975 Radjea Rana Mardout, fucceffour to King Porus,and of all the Radgees moft
powerfull and excellent, his rebellion excepted: Tzebber Chan followes
him with five thousand horſe, Sha-Cooligan Mharem with three thouſand;
Radgee Shagenat with three thouſand; and other Vmbraves and Manceb
dars with other Forces, which digefted, the great Mogull, for Agray leaves
Lahore the better to receive intelligences.
A.D.1595.
Lahore.
1
LAHORE, (a Citie both vaft and famous) is competitor for the Title of
Metropolis with Agray; but for circuit and bravery much more excellent?
the pole Artick is there advanced 32 degrees 15 minutes: the ayre for
eight moneths pure and reſtorative; the ftreets gracefull and pav'd; moft
are cleanſed and refreſhed by the river Ravee, which from the Camyrian
or Cafpiryan mountaines ftreames moſt pleaſantly to this Citie, and after a
frately flux of three thouſand Engliſh miles, deepe enough for Juncks
of threeſcore Tun, by Tutta flowes into Indus, and with her neere Diul at
23 degrees 15 minutes lodges in the Ocean. In Lahore are many things ob-
fervable; Pallaces, Mofques, Hummums or Sudatories, Tancks, Gar-
dens,&c. The Caftle is large, ftrong, uniforme, pleaſant, and bravely fea-
ted; offtone, white, hard, and polifhed;arm'd with twelve Poſterns, three
of which refpect the Towne, the reft the Country: within, a Palace (weet
and lovely, entred by two gates and Courts; the laft pointing out two
wayes; one, to the Kings Durbar and Iarneo (where hee daily fhewes him-
felfe unto his people) the other to the Devon-Kawn or great Hall (where
every eve from eight to eleven he diſcourſes with his Vmbraves:) On the
wall are pictur'd fundry ftories and paftimes.viz.langheer (otherwiſe call'd
Sha Selym) croílegd upon a rich carpet, under a ftately Throne or State,
his fonnes Permees on the right hand with Curroom and Tymoret, hisbro-
thers, D'han-Shaw, and Sha Morad; about him Emirza Sheriff, Can Afoms
elder brother, of fuch wealth and pride, that having above a hundred
Concubines, he clad them daily, and each night tearing them off, buried
them in the ground where they rotted, Mirza Ruftan (once King of Can-
dahor,) Can Channa, Rajea Manifengh, Can Ajam, Asaph Chan, and Radgee
Iugonath (at whoſe death,his wives,fifter,Nephew, and feven other friends
burnt themſelves with him for complement fake in the fire :) And on the
left hand, Raja Bouſing fly-skarer, Rajea Randas ſword-bearer, Mocrib-
Chau Parafite, Radjea Rodorow rebell, Radgees Ranfingh, Manſingh, Ber-
Singh,& Boffon,&c. In another Goozelchan (and neere the former)is painted
the
L1B. I Lobore
69
Haffar taken.
the Mogull, under a ſtate croflegd: upon the dores the Images of the Cru-
cifix,& of the bleffed virgin Mother. In another,the Kings Progenitors, of
whom,Babur, & thirty Nobles in the habit of Pilgrim Kalenders, &c The
Province wherein Labore is feated is called Pangab,or rather from the Per-
fian word Panch-ob or five waters, watered with Revee,Behat, Ob-Chan,Wi-
hy, and Synde or Sindar (increaſed by Paddar and Damiadee,) by Ptolomy
and old Hydrographers, call'd Acefines, Cophys, Hidafpes, Zaradras,and Rhu-
adeb or Hifpalis. In a word, no Province of Indya out-vyes it for pleafure,
and riches, nor any part of the Eaſt for a continued fhade of Afhy trees
from hence to Agra five hundred miles diftance, whofe ſpreading growth
and verdure lenifie the fcorching flames of Titans motion, each eight
miles a faire and convenient Saray or Lodge built for Travellers to repofe
in: To our ſtory:
rebells.
Ecbar, now at Agra, refolves in perfon to profecute the warres in Decan.
Anno 1597. of the Heg. 977, he fets out towards Brampore, but (contrary to
his expectation) fo foone as he had paſt the river Nerehede, hee perceives
Badura, a couragious Radgee to fortifie Haffer a ſtrong Caſtle againſt him:
the Mogul likes not to leave fo violent an Enemy behind him,but refolves
to take it by force or famine. Haffer, is three Caftles in one, Chotzan and Haffer.
Commerghar, the laft,mounted high, and fo defended by Nature as is made
impregnable: to force it is impoffible, therefore Ecbar reſolves to famiſh
them, and halfe a yeere to that end he fits afore it, which the Radgee with-
in,feeing,repents his folly,and upon requeft to have life and goods (granted
him) refignes,and followes the Camp or Leskar which goes on joyfully,till
fuch time as newes is brought,how Sha-Selym and Tzebbaer-Camn with the
refidue afore-named, going against Radgea Rana Mardout, in Affmeer, Tzeb. The Prince
haer dies (of poyſon ſome thought) which alters the Princes progreffe, for
he forthwith feizes upon Tzebhaers treaſure (amounting to a crow or ten
lack of roopes) & therewith purchaſes the mercenary affection of fo many
fouldiers, that, to Agra he returnes refolved to thruft his Father out of his
Throne and Empire. Ecbar, is ſo amated with this unlucky rebellion,that
what with feare of his fonnes popularity, and what to leave Decas uncon-
quered, his heart palpetates, he droopes and becomes hatefull to his owne
imaginations; till Abdul Gazel roufes him, and by infufing wholſome en-
couragement, not onely revives, but exafperates his revenge to an imme-
diate action: whereupon, turning his back of Amnadagar, with halfe his
Army, (his fonae Sha D'haen, Abdul Fezel, Chan-Channa, Badur Shaw, and
other Vmbraves profecuting Decan) hee fpeeds towards Agra, whither
Shaw-Selym got before him in hope to ranfack his treafury, but miffing his
ayme, marches back by Rehen and Annewar, and at twelve dayes end came
to El-Habaffe, having already fubjected Bahaer, Syaupere, Chalpy, Lacknoo,
Mekpore, Chera, Gaftanpore, Ghanoots, Cherfam, Berage, and other Townes
and Provinces: in all, putting Captains of his owne choofing. The King,
now at Agra is fenfible of his fonnes confpiracie, and wiſhes all were well
againe; bis letters first attempt it, difcovering the fhame and danger he was
in, the curfe of Mahomet, and deprivation of birth-right, promifing pardon,
with ſuch perſwafions, of fmall force with sham-Selym, who doating upon
his owne exorbitancies,derides the Meffenger,and ere long ore runnes the
Empire
70
LIB. I
Bram-pore deſcribed.
A
Brampore..
Empire to Bengala, hoping (but in vaine) the Viceroy there, Radgee Man-
fing would fide with him.
In this interim, his other fonne, Prince D'haen or D'haenyel with his
Vmbraves and Army enter Decan,& come firſt to Gandetzin a Čaſtle,in the
fcite favoured by Nature, and by Art of man made impregnable. Herein,
the diftreffed Lady with all her Nobles and force had pent themſelves, fto-
red with victualls for two yeares fiege, and provided of all forts of war-
lique inftruments. Notwithſtanding all which (the dice of Warre and Fate
fo ordering it) in the feventh moneth they forced it, depriving many of
their lives, all of their wealth and liberty. Madam Bebey only, rather than
fuffer any indignity, choſe to give her felfe (by poyfon) the period of mi-
fery. But her Magazein of gold and filver came to the Conquerour, who
giving that in charge to Abdul Gazel and Chanchanna, the Caſtle he trufted
to Godgee Byckmirz, and without oppofall reconquering the Counties Be
rar and Gandes, receiving fome acknowledgement from the faint-hearted
Kings of Gulcunda and Vifiapore, loaden with triumph and joy he returnes
to Brampore moſt victorious.
BRAMPORE, (or Baṛampur,) Baramatis in Ptolomy; or Bracman pore as
my notion prompts me;of old & at this day a Seminary of Bramans,logues,
Calans or Gimnofophs, whofe Academy (about this place) is recorded by
Porphyrius and Ptolomy; is in Artick elevation twenty eight degr. three
min. From Surat, Eaſt,two hundred and twenty miles: from Afmer foure
hundred and twenty: from Agray one thouſand; the Province is, Chan-
dish or Sanda, where watered by Tapee or Tynde (the river at Surat) it be-
comes fruitfull and pleaſant; elſewhere,barren, unwholfome, fcortching,
fandy and pernitious: the Citty is low and in an unhealthy plaine: very
ſpacious,but by Bannjans moſt inhabited: the ftreets are many and narrow;
the houfes not high and but meanly beautifull;at the NorthEaft end it has a
Caſtle(upon the flood) large and defenfive; in the river, an artificiall Ele-
phant fo skilfully fhaped,that by the Bannyans 'tis adored, & by others ad-
mired: in times paft, here refided the Decan Kings, but by the Mogul now
beaten from it. Chan-Channa's gardens, and water devifes calld Loll-bant
two courſes thence, are worthy a Travellers commendation.
Ecbar is no fooner poffeft how fortunately his fonne Danyel proceeds
Southward, but Godgee Ichan prefents him a penetentiall letter from Sha
Selim his rebellious fonne in the contrary quarter. After a little ftay, hee
returnes with the Mogulls anfwer, wherein was his affured pardon, fo hee
would difmiffe his Army and aske forgiveneffe. His ungratious fonne, re-
turnes this deriding reply, that having an Army of feventy thousand horfe
and many brave men at armes, to moft of which he had given moneys and
command; upon condition he would ratifie it, and in no fort imagine them
rebells or confpirators, he was ready to obey; if not, he would take his
owne courſes. Ecbar refends him a tart meffage; and Selim to demonftate
his neglect and boldaeffe, pofts to Elabaſe, where he commands all forts
of Coine, of gold, filver,and braffe to be ftamp't with his owne name and
motto ; yea, to vexe the old man more, affrights Anarkala his fathers wife
whom he firnamed Pomegranad, and ſent him of his new frampt mony; a
crime fo ftrange, ſo audaciouſly odious, that the inraged Father curfes
him,
LIB. I
71
Abdul Fazel flaine,
him, vowes reward, and with ſpeed acquaints his Chancellour Abdul Fa-
zel with it, who firft moderates his Mafters paffion, and then with all con-
venient hafte (accompanied with three hundred horfe) followes the poft
to do ſome ſervice, but Sha Shelim, (having intelligence how all this paf-
fed) defirous to anticipate fo fure an enemy, he writes to Radgee Berfingh
(Lord of Soor) thorow whofe countrey hee needs muft paffe, promifing
him a gratuity and the command of five thouſand horſe fo hee would lay
in wait for Abdul and fend him his head: the Radgee promiſes his beſt per-
formance, and with a thouſand horſe and three thouſand foot, lurks neere
Gmaler, and fuch time poore Abdul Fazel (fufpectleffe of any villany) paf-
fes by, Radgee falls upon him, and notwithſtanding the great advantage he
had, for three houres the fight was hotly continued, but ore-preffing them
with men and troops in the end, his company were moſt part flaine, and
Abdul himſelfe (after twelve deep wounds) taken and beheaded; Selim re-
ceives it joyfully, but Ecbar, who loved him deerly becomes fo paffionate
and forrowfull, that for three dayes he conceald himſelfe and would not
a long time after be comforted: but (like waves) fee another horror affli-
âing him, newes of his other fonne, Sha Dangel, kild in the fame Citty, of
the fame diſeaſe, Morad was formerly; hereat, he afflicts his decaying body
immeaſurably, cryes and fighes, and vowes upon Chanchanna, revenge for
nor better regarding him,who comes to purge himfelfe,but for fome time
is not admitted to Ecbars prefence, till by mediation of others ; and fo re-
turnes to Decan, with an augmentation of power and dignity. But the
forrow hee fuffers in his rebellious fonne cooles his courage and inflames
his paffion : fome way he muft tread to bring home or deftroy him by per-
fwafion or warre; but feares both : his fonne is fo hardned and fafegarded,
Comewhat he muft doe; and therefore firſt (as a King) he rides against him
with thirty thouſand horfe, but by his mothers death is recalled; whoſe
body when he had moft fumptuouſly interred in Dells in King Homayon
her husbands Sepulcher, he refolves to proceed againſt She Selym, but his
minde alters; hee feares his fonne's fingular courage and way in fight ; and
(as a Father) tries once more, what perfwafion can operate; he dictates a
pathetique letter mixt of love and anger,reproving,perfwading, difwading,
promifing pardon,and puts him in mind he was or fhould be at leaft his joy
and comfort, he had no mo fonnes nor grand children; Myrad Zedda (once
the Princes Tutor or Schoolemaſter) carries it, who fo forceably pene-
trates the yeelding conceits and nature of Sha Selym, that,forthwith taking
Perwees his little fonne along) he leaves Halabaffa, paffes Semena, and after
two dayes more (the Wizard allowing the day fortunate)with all his Um-
braves he arrives in Agray, and by Mortoza-Kawn is brought to Ecbars pre-
fence, then in the Guzel Chan; who bluſhing to eye him fo,leads him into
the Mahael (or private lodging) where (forgetting his promife) remem- The Prince
bring the dances Selym had led him, into fuch a rage that rapt him, that, af-ſubmits:
ter he had flacht terrour into his heart,by the ſparkling fury of his eyes, and
thunder ftruck him, with a ſtorme of mighty words, with his fift he ftruck
him fo hard fo oft upon the mouth,that Selym throwing himfelfe down,re-
quefts his Father at once to punish him,fhowes him his breft,the fword and
hand ready to it. But Ecbar by this furfetting of choller intends no fuch fa-
crifice,
72
Ecbar poysoned.
LIB. I
crifice, but commanding hini to arife, derides him and termes him Affe and
Foole, that commanding feventy thousand able men, would fo doltifhly
forfake them to truft the fugred and deceitfull promifes of a reconciled
Enemie. That faid, he brings him forth againe, and fends him back to pri-
fon, giving all the Vmbraves his affociates like welcome, Radgee Batſo ex-
cepted, who (wifer than the reft) eſcaped. By this impriſonment, Sha Se-
lym contrary to his cuftome abftaines foure & twenty houres from Opium,
which next day Ecbar himfelfe gave him; and the third day by interceffion
of his Ladyes and Concubines, is freed and ſent to his owne home, where
he behav'd himſelfe very orderly, in princely fort each day vificing Ecbar,
till by fome old mens malitious furmifes,he is reftrain'd againe and the Mo-
gull exafperated. But the folly of his unnaturall and ill grounded rans
cour is not deftinate against that object, the jealoufie of his braine throw-
ing it upon Mirza Gaham (the Viceroy of Tutta's fonne) for (peaking one
word, by Ecbar ill taken and interpreted. No recantation will fatisfie, his
life muft pay it, the Kings Phyfitian is commanded to prepare two Pills
of like fh pe but contrary operation, Gaflaw is trufted with them, and
The great
brings them Ecbar, who (imagining by a private mark hee knew the right
Mogul pay- one) bids Gaſha ſwallow one and himselfe the other. Gasha ignorant of any
fens himself. deceit by chance devoures the beft, and Ecbar is poyloned; too foone, too
late the miferable Mogul perceives his mifchance, repents his choller, and
(for fhame concealing the caufe) after foureteene dayes violent torment
and trialls to expell the poyfon, yeelds up his ghoft; and having victori-
oufly reigned five and twenty yeares, in the 73 yeare of his age is by all his
Umbraves with all poffible ſtate and folemnity in Tzekander three courſe
from Agra in a new begun Monument, buried; and sha Selym (though a
while refifted by Radgee Mansingh and Chan Afem,who in vain endeavoured
Sha-Selym to make his fonne Cufbroo Mogull, nominated by Ecbar as they alledged)
with fuch ceremony as was requifite is crowned by name of langheer,King.
great Mo- In the yeare of our Lord God 1604. and of Mahomet 984.
crowned
gull.
•
We are now to preſent you upon the Afiatique ftage, various Scanes
compos'd of a mifcelany of fubjects, excellent and remarkable.
A.D. 1604. Langheer (fo now we call him) by mediation of Morteza Chan, Cooly Ma-
A.H. 984. metchan and others, receives Sultan Cofbroe (or Gufbrow) his late compe-
titor (and fonne) into favour: and (to begin his greatneffe in the good will
of his people) receives Cham Afem and Radgee into grace againe. But Cuſb-
rooe (truck by his own guilt) fufpects his pardon counterfeit, and entreats
by letter Hussanbeg (Viceroy of Cabul) his old friend, to meet him neere
Fettypore with fome Forces, that by his love and care he might fly away,
affured if he ftay'd long at Court, of death or blinding; by his Zantell the
letter is ſpeedily delivered him, who as readily obeyes the difconfolate
Prince with three thouſand horfe pofting to Achbar- pore (from Agra foure
and twenty courſes) whither the Prince (efcaping in the twy-light from
Court) comes, follow'd by five hundred young Gallants, and altogether
haften towards Lahore. Iangheer has immediate notice of his fonnes flight,
and refenting how dangerous it might prove, charges Godgee Melec Allybeg,
Captaine of the Guard, with fuch force as was about him to purfue Cufbroo
and bring him back, for which he ſhould want no acknowledgement. The
Cutwall
1
LIB.I Miſeries of Prince Cufhrooe.
73
Cutwell, with three hundred horfe, rides after him,and Mortaza-Chan with
fifteene hundred horſe, all night pofts after Godgee; yea after both, Iang-
heer himſelfe (perfwaded to it by Mirza Vmbrave) with fifty Elephants
and eight thouſand men : fo that the poore Prince was every way purſued,
yet fuch was the hafte Haffanbeg made afore them, that none of the three
came neere him by fifteene courfes, (yea though all the way they ſpoiled
the Villages, and made havock of all they could prey upon) and in the
ninth day attain'd Labore; but intending to enter the Caftle, are kept out
by Ebrahim Chan the Governour (premonifht of the Princes flight) and
which was worſe, by Sayet Chan (three courfe from the Citie, and in his
way to Bange the place of his government, making as if hee would joyne
with him, upon the river is impriſoned; but by bribe eſcaping returnes to
Huffan, and receiving there a guilded bait) brought by Zalaladen Haffen,
that the King paffing by all offences, had affigned him the Provinces of Ca-
buland Banafoed; with which feeming not contented, defires the addition
of Zerbynd, all being but to dally and allure his ftay till Iangheer came to
catch him. Yet, the Prince is not fo fimple, but that hee diſcovers his Fa-
thers fubtilties,fo that after three weekes vaine attempt to fack the Caſtle,
he forfakes the Citie, and with twenty thousand horſe moves back againe,
with a full determination to bid Iangheer battell. It happened, that hee
pitcht one night, where Mortofa-Kawn with fix hundred horſe (hearing of
Gushrooes comming) was ambuſhed; without any parlee, Mortefa falls upon
him, but fuch was the premeditated care Huffan had of the place and fight,
that in two houres ſpace their Enemies were fhrewdly beaten, and sha
Chelyal the Captaine flaine; fo that had not Godgee Meleck with the Kings
ftandard entred, proclaiming with great out-eries that the great Mogull
was at hand, the Kings fide had wholly perished: but of fuch terrour was
the Kings approach (paft Sultaspore)that Abdul Rajea the Princes Enfigne-
bearer moſt baſely threw it away and fled, and by his daftardly example
all the Army, moſt of them being by the ruftick time-ferving people chaft
and knockt downe, and all the baggage feized on. The King in memory of
this deliverance and victory erects there, at Tzickerry i.e. a place of hunting,
a ſtately Caſtle, and new names the place (which I have formerly defcri-
bed) Fettipore, that is, a Paradife. Fettipore, if the water had bin good, by Fettipore.
this time had triumphed over all the Cities in Indya: 'tis wall'd about,and
to the N.N.W..diſcovers a lake or fiſh-pond five miles over. The N. E. has
a faire Buzzar five hundred paces long, and well paved, built on all fides
with pleaſant Manfions: at one end is the Moguls houſe, and a Mohol moſt
excellently framed: the other fide is glorious in a Moſque afcended by
thirty ſteps barr'd with a brave gate, in all fo obfervable, that it is fcarce
equall❜d throughout Indya:the top is full of Piramyds, the court within fix
times bigger than the Royal Exchange in London, fingularly paved with free
ftone,the Iles are large and paved, the columns of one ſtone high & beau-
tifull, and affronting this gate is a moft fumptuous Monument, covered
with paint and Oyfter pearle fhells, proud in the Kalender there buried.
The miferable Prince (accompanied with Haſſenbeg, Abdul-Radgee, and
Chan Badaſhaw) (carce lookes behind him till they attaine Lahore, where
Radgee ftayes; but Sultan Gufbroo with Badaſha croſſe the Ravee, and labour
L
Co
74
LIB. I
Confpiracie against the Mogull.
to arrive with ſafety at Rantes a Caſtle inexpugnable: but bad fortune fol-
lowes them,for,paffing the river Tzenob, by the trecherous watermen they
are brought into the power of Caffem-chawns fonnes (then befieging the
Caſtle) who without delay & mercy speedily convay them to Iangheer, by
that time paſt Latir a floud ſeven dayes travell thence.The King overjoyed
with this good hap, returns to Lahore, and by the way puts to death many
Vmbraves the Princes followers. The Prince was committed to the cu-
ftody of Zemanaebeg (called after, Mahobet-chan, i. e. beloved Lord;)
Haffenbeg, Bedafha, and Abdul Radgee are firft publiquely difgrace,and then
impriſoned.
Whether fome Noblemen reputed Tangheer tyrannicall, or that they
thought Gufbroo had better title to the Empire, or that meere envie cauſed
it, is uncertaine; but one of thefe fo wrought, that one night fome prime
men of quality watching the Prince, agreed upon a confpiracie to take
away the Mogulls life upon the high mountaines as he paffed to Cabul, and
to place Gufbroo in his roome; the Traytors were Mirza Cherieff (brother
of Affaph-chan) Mirza Mouradyn his Cozen, Mirza Petulla, Mirza Shaf-
fenbeg, Hollabeg, and Murdoph-chan. Tangheer fufpecting no treachery paf-
fes on, but by good fortune is fo attended, that they could by no meanes
effect their villany. In the interim, Ethaman Doulet the Treaſurer is ac-
cus'd by one of his flaves to have converted to his owne ufe, and for thin-
couragement of Traytors, 500000 roopees out of the Mogulls Trea-
fury; that, and the newes of Cheer Affenchan (Ethaman Doulets fonne in
law) histrecherous murther of Cotopdy Mamet-chan Goga (Lieutenant of
Bengala neere Radgee Mabal, (albeit Affenchaun the Turk therefore was al-
fo flaine by Geffadine and Kiſſwer Ghawn, brother and fonne to the Lieute-
nant, his Mother and Wife moft bafely abuſed) yet theſe reflected ſo much
upon Doulet, that he is not only put from his place, but alfo his eftate con-
fifcated and himſelfe in Dianet-Chans houfe, to his owne great griefe and
the aſtoniſhment of all Industan, imprisoned.
የ
But greater was Langheers feare and choler, when by the open and refo-
lute defiance of Godgee Vehes hee is acquainted with the late named confpi-
racie, by men of power, fuch as he never injured, and as had relation to be
neere him in all occafions; he is much confounded at it, but by Myrza Vm-
braves advice, throwes off all abject feare, and without more difpute or
delay commands them all to execution, onely Ethaman Daulet at the re-
queft of his Keeper is pardoned (upon promife of 200000 roopees to the
King and him for his life) but led back to prifon moft difgracefully. After
which, he returnes (from Cabul) unto Lahore, and in the way remembring
the danger he had efcaped, and that Gufbroo his fonne was partly caufer, he
commands his fonnes eyes by juice of Aeck to be forfetted, but the pay-
fon is more mercifull, leaving one eye a little illuminated. Chan Afem allo
(Gufbroo's Father in law) is clad in loathfome raggs and brought into the
Guzelchan, where every Vmbrave is commanded to fpet in his beard and
face, is then fetterd, manacled, and led to prifon, where two full yeares he
remained, till by mediation of his wives he is delivered. “
This yeare anno 1609 Gurrows and other of his friends prevailed with
the King that (to make his way the cafier to the Crowne) his kinfmen
Sha-Selims
LIB. I
75
The Moguls grandfons Chriftned.
Sha-Selims brothers fonnes might be Chriftned: which accordingly was
done in Agra and not without folemnity. The Jefuits named them Philippo,
Carlo, and Henrico: molt men thought them undone,but God knows they
were bettered. That yeare alſo they baptifed another Grandfon of Ecbars
by name of Don Edoard. This yeare 1019. and of our account 1609. Mirza
Ombrave became apoplectique, and made incapable of his office : T'zalam-
chan alfo in Cotopdy's place is made Viceroy of Bengala,and commanded to
fend up as prifoners, Affen-chans family; which hee did accordingly. In
the way, the young Widdow Meher-Metzia (Daulets daughter and fifter to
Affeph-chan) was affronted by a Wizard who told her many ftories of her
infuing greatneffe,which after hapned: for they were no fooner arriv'd at
Agray (whither Langheer was alfo come) but are moſt kindly welcomed by
Rockya
Sultanna the mother Queene: and, one day being led into the
Mahal with her little Girle, langheer accidentally lifts up her vayle, and
diſcovers fo rare and forceable a beauty, that thenceforward fhe is the fum
of all he contemplates: hee ftudies now how to advance Doulet her de-
jected Father, the better to ingratiate himſelfe into the affection of his faire
Goddeffe; hee forgets his ftate, and privatly each eve paſſes by boat to
Ethaman Doulets houſe, and all night confumes himſelfe and pretious time
in wanton lookes and amorous dalliances: but to enjoy her everlaſtingly,
at length commands Godzee Abdul Hoffen to requeſt Dawlets good will in
his daughter, for hee meant to marry her; Hoßen admires it, and layes be-
fore him the indignity he offers fo great a Majefty; but Iangheer (now Cu-
pids flave) is deafe and blind; in choller bids him goe,or ftay eternally. He
Ipeeds away and ufes fmall perfwafions: for Ethaman Dawlet (by this mi-
racle rapt from his difcontented Orbe) after fome profeffion of his bafe-
neffe, condifcends : and Meher Metfja is forthwith efpoufed with all folem-
nity,her name changed into Noursha begem (or Nor-makal)i.e.light or glory
of the Court,her Father is advanced above all other Umbraves,her brother
Affaph-chan and moft of her generation with th'addition of honors, wealth,
or command exceedingly graced and eſtabliſhed: and in this fun-fhine of
happineffe and content Iangheer spends fome yeares without regarding
ought fave Cupids Currantoes.
Anno 1610. of the Hegira 990. and the fixth yeare of his raigne, Sultan A.M.5580
Sherrgar the Prince (under tutorship of Mortefa-chan) is fent Viceroy to A.D. 1610
Guzurat. Chan-Iehan to Brampore; and Mahobet-chan with an Army A. Heg.990
againſt Radgee Rana, or Rabanna of Mandon,at that inftant time rebellious:
the Country alſo of Radjea Cottz (a branch of Bengala) was that yeare fub-
jected under the Imperiall Crowne of Industan, by Tzalamchan a warie
Captaine: during which, Mahobet-chan (by that time in Ranaes Provinces)
goes on victoriouſly, and forces many Holds and Caftles from thofe indo-
mitable Indyans, but (by envie of ſome at Court) is call'd home in the
beſt of his endeavours,and Abdul-chan made Generall of his Company: this
alteration did not much alter the eftate of the Army, for he profecutes Ra-
na with no leffe haft and fury, in conclufion urging him to a fet battell at
Siff-meer, where he got the better, chafing Radgee to Ondepore and Porman-
dell, killing many of his men, inriching themſelves with abundance of
ſpoile and Captives, and after much toyle and fome loffe, fackt Syavend
L2
(Rana's
!
76
LIB. I
The Coolyes and Decans beaten.
(Rana's ſtrongeſt Caſtle) till then judg'd impregnable; wherein they had
A.M.5580. ftore of warlike provifion, and many valuable pagods or devils, which for
A.D. 1610. above 1000 yeares had ftood there fuperftitiously adored; theſe the Ma-
A.Heg.990, hometans burnt, and in place of them, reared a ftupendious Mofque or
Fabrique of Idolatry. Abdul-Cawn ſo fortunatly ordred the warre againſt
Rana, that Iangheer the great Mogull fends him thanks, and defires him to
live a while in Gufarat, by all poffible meanes not onely to curb, but ex-
tirpate that raſcall race of Coolyes and Bielſgrates that ſo unjustly and thee-
vishly robd the Caffilaes and lived upon honek paſſengers: he failes not in
that command, for with fifteene thouſand horfe hee fearches and purfues
them in all places where he knew they lurked, and after many petty en-
counters tooke Eder their retreating place (70 courfe from Amadavad)
yea fell upon them fuch time as they were all united, & put them to flight,
flew halfe their company together with Lael Cooly their Generall, whofe
head he fent to Amadabat, and commanded (as a memoriall of his victory,
and to the terrour of all fuch Rebels) that it fhould be fet upon a pinacle.
Cawn-Iehan (during thefe broiles) wayting all occafions of conqueft in
Decan, by diſcord and envie of fome Umbraves in the Army, finds his fuc-
ceffe worſe and worſe againſt Melec Amber. He knowes no remedy with-
out acquainting the Mogull, and entreating one of his fonnes to come thi-
ther, by whofe greatneffe the Army might be better ordered. After fome
confideration,he fends Sultan Perwees and Radjea Ramdas who from Bram-
pore fends Chan Iehan, Radgee Ramdas, and Manſingh with an Army to
Ballagate, where they fend defiance to Melec, and ere long expect him: but
Tangheer fearing the forces of Decan (peeds Chan Afem with foure thou
fand men more, and removes his Lefcar to Afmeer, a place convenient for
hunting: Chan Afem is no fooner come to Brampore,but entreats Ganganna
(Lieutenant of Khoor) to joyne with him, and ſo haſtens towards Bellagu-
ate, then in all 100000 men, 600 Elephants, and 12000 Camells, yea
of fuch fame, grew this expedition, that ere they departed Cuncam they
were 600000. With theſe huge Troops, Abdul-chan penetrates into the
heart of Decan: no reſiſtance is made by men in field, Town,or Cittadells,
ſo that in Beder, Aurdenagar,Gent fro and as farre as Kerchy (the feat Royall)
they marcht victoriously; burning, fpoiling, and imprifoning; Villages,
Temples, and Inhabitants not to be counted.The Decan King (ftruck with
feare & aſtoniſht at their numbers) flies too and fro,nor refting any where,
till he came to Daultabat, (ten miles from Kerky) a Caftle reputed im-
pregnable. Some fmall skirmishes and ambuſcadoes fell upon the Indyans,
but to ſmall purpoſe, ſo that Melec Amber confults by fome deceitfull po-
licie to doe, what by force hee dared not adventure at, (albeit Mamet Lary
and Wackhyl Adel-chan were new come to ayd him with above 20 thou-
fand horſe, and ſome expert infantery) hee writes counterfeit letters, di-
rected from fome Radgees about Iangheers Court, containing a private cer-
tainty of the Mogulls death, and of Curroons advancement; thefe he gives
in charge to a crafty Bannyan, who circling as if hee came from Agray, is
impriſon'd as a ſpy, his letters read, and with their lying contents fo afto-
niſhed, that without more confultation (giving credit to them) they di
vide the Army, quit all fuch places where they had placed Garrions, and
LIB. I Rana Radgea fubmits to Iangheer.
77
1
with confuſed hafte ſpeed home,each Captaine to his owne command and
place of refidence ; Sultan Perwees to Brampore, Abdulchanto Surrat, and
Chan Afem towards Agra,giving Amber eafie re-admittance to al his Towns
and Caſtles; which otherwife, without long warre, much hazard and vaſt
expence would hardly have bin recovered. But fo foone as langheer had in-
telligence of that their levity,he rages, & is halfe mad with anger, threat-
ning them all with punishment,and commanding Mahobet Chan to goe Go-
vernor to Brampore:and fuch was the incredible hafte and good luck he had
and uſed, hee fubje&s Berar, and devaftates the Decan Empire unto Kerky
returning triumphant and fatiate for Melecks treachery: by which, Iangheer
is partly pacified, but more, when (by Curroons intreaty, having firft by
many battels and purſuits tyred him) Rana Radjea prefents himfelfe, his
fonne, and many gifts, amongſt which an Elephant valued at 100000 roo-
pees,fubmitting all he had,by langheer to be difpofed of,who embraces him
with all affection, and offers his fonne his daughter, and returnes him the
government of Pormandel, Oodepore, and other places; but foone after,
whether for griefe he had fubmitted, or fome other cauſe) hee died, and
with much ceremony amongft his noble progenitors, is buried.
Rana Rad
Langheer, having confumed eighteene moneths in eafe and pleaſure at gea dies.
Mandon, departs, & comes to Amadavad, where he diſcharged Abdul-chan,
and ordaines him Viceroy of Calpi and Khoor: and after 12 moneths paftime
and luxury there, returnes to Agraj : Anno 994. and of our account 1614.
That yeare, Chabeeg; Governour of Chandahar was difplac't (by reafon of
his age) and Badar-chan there placed. Tzediat-chan alfo is fent to fucceed
Tzalam-chawn in Bengala, but at that time Ozman-chan a Patanian with a
mighty Army befieging Daeck (the Metropolis:) hee and Ethaman-chawn
with fifteene thoufand men give Ozman battell, which is bravely fought
on both fides; but by reafon of a mad Elephant, on which Ozman fate,Tze-
diat-chan is unhorft and maymed,yea the Mogulls Forces difcomfited: but
by ſtrange chance, a wounded man ſeeing Ofman paffe by, transfixes him,
and by that the Patanians give back and at length fly, the Mogulls not only
recovering Daeck, but piercing into the Gentiles Country, captivated his
wife and children, forraging at pleafure, and making all his wealth (which
was great, & fent to Agray) a joyfull teftimony of their valour. That yeare
the Mogull journeyed to Lahore.
Abdul-chawa, after ſeven weekes triall arrives at Calpi where and of
Koor he was to receive the government: he ftraightway executes his Com-
miffion, in ſmall time quieting and deftroying thofe fwarmes of rebellious
Rafhbotes till then there abounding; levelling their moft defenfive places
with the ground; making fale offo many of the Inhabitants as pay'd the
charges of the warre, amounting to 200000 roopees and upwards. Chan
Afem alfo about this time goes Ambaffadour from Iangheer to Abbas the
Perfian. Not any in mans 'memory went more richly furniſht with Pre- Chan-Afema
fents, or more bravely attended. He prefented the King (then at Spahawn) goes Ambaſ-
twelve chefts of choife linnen, and two with Shafhes woven with gold and fadour to
filver, many daggers whofe hafts were richly fet with ftones of value,eftee-Perfia.
med at 70000 roopees. And for his owne port and travell had an addition
out of the Mogulls Exchequer of fixty thousand roopees more, the better
to
1
1
78
Caffem-cawns bafeneffe. LIB. I
Kabul:
to repreſent the Majefty of fo great an Emperor. Abbas entertaines the
Ambaſſador triumphantly, and wearies him with invitations, fhows, sports,
and paftimes: and at his departure makes five hundred Cofelbafhes, Ali-
culicawn, Ruftan-beg and other Noblemen to attend him two dayes Iour
ney towards Candahar, recommending his well-wishes to the Mogul in
a prefent of five hundred fwift and excellent Courfers, twenty Mules of
great affize and beauty, five hundred Affes, one hundred and fifty Dromi-
daries, (or rather Cooſelbaſh Camels) eighteene chefts or Sandoughs full
of delicate carpets and bezars; 20 Camels load of Shyraz wine, and eight
of conferv'd Dates, piftachoes, &c: all which were with much affection re-
ceived by Iangheer, who that yeare journeyed to participate the plea-
fures of Caffimere, having firft transferd Mahobet-chan from Brampore to
Kahul and Banges.
KABUL by Ptolomy in his 6 Book and 18 chapter cald Chabura (on the
North confin'd by Caucafus, on the Eaft with Caſſmeer and Kakar) is
now fubject to the Mogul, but formerly to the Tartar and Perfian: the
name from the Siriaque fignifies ſterill, and agrees with the nature of the
country, which is cold and windie; not over fruitfull, fave where the
Nylob fattens her; a river (by Ptolomy cald Choa) which hence ariſing,
ftreames South into Indus, and is one of thoſe five, which with her wan-
der into the fea. The City Cabul, is from Lahore twelve good dayes jour-
ney, hilly and dangerous; the people moft part Bannians; the houſes
are low and ftrong; in nothing more obfervable than the Serrays or
common Inns, and two well fortified Caſtles; in one of which was Babur
borne, and fwayed;from whom in three defcents Iangbeer is defcended.
Sultan Cuſbreo (upon his Fathers remove to Caffmeer) is taken from the
cuftody of Affaph cawn and given to Cawn-Iehan to looke unto. Cheq-
Caẞem is also made Leifetenant of Bengala in his brother Tzalam-cawns.
fteed. Cherram-cawn (Tzalam-cawns fonne) hearing of his Vncles com-
ming (who ever hated him;) from Daeck travels towards Agra with all
his Fathers wealth to give up an accompt to the Mogul; but in the way,
neere Radgee-Mahal, Caffem-cawn meets him, takes violently away his beft
Elephants and fome other things of value, which being by hisNephew to
the full related, Caffem is immediatly difplaced, difgrafed, and Ebrahim-
camn (Queene Normalls cofen) eftated in his place; meeting at Radgee-
Com with Caffem-cawn (who with all his goods and people were packing
away) Ebrahim demands reftitution of the Elephants he tooke from Cher
ram-cawn, but Caffem is fo inraged at theſe fucceffive indignities, that after
fome foule words they fall to blowes, and in the skirmish (affem finding
his party weakeſt, retyres to his Haram, murders his miferable concubynes,
flyes away, and leaves Ebrahym poffeffor of all his treaſure; who by affent
of fome Umbraves,and most of the vulgar fort,is admitted Governor;after
which hee falls upon Moeckham (the rebell) defeats him and his braving
forces, killing fome and felling others yea inriches himselfe with ſo much
fpoyle, and arrogates fo much glory, that Iangheer (in token of thanks)
fends him a horſe, a battle-axe, and a dagger; and as an augmentation of
honour from Ebrahym, changes his name into Pherooz-Tehan-cawn. The
ſame ſeaſon Martafa cawn was fent by the King to beſeige Changra (a
Caſtle
LIB. I...
79
Curroon's enterprtze upon Decan,
Caſtle fo fenced by Art and Nature, as made many judge it invincible,
and the rather, for contemning the beft the Kings of Delly of many times
could do againſt it,) notwithſtanding all which, Martafa (after much
danger of ambuſhments in that thick Wood, feventy miles broad,
and trouble in paffing his men over high and fearfull rocks) lay eight
months before it, and then in defpight of their beft deferce entred it,
and ſubjected it to the Mogul, though he lived not three months after to
meditate his victory. Which, when langheer heard, with a mixture of
joy and forrow, he leaves Caffemeer and removes to Lahore, where Sultan
Cufbrose (the true idea of mifery) is by perſwaſion of the Queene and
Affaph-cawn taken from Cawn-lehan, and put to Carreon to be his keeper.
At that time, Iangheer affected his fonne Curroon beyond meaſure, imagi-
ning no honour too much, no command too great for fo brave a Prince,
fo hopefull a warrior; fo that (little knowing what would follow) hee
gives him the charge of forty thouſand horfe,and attended by Godjea-Ab-
dul-Huffan and other great Umbraves haftens him to the conqueft of
Decan: and to fpoyle the Kingdomes of Gulcunda and Vifiapore,for omit-
ting their annuall Tribute of three pound weight of Diamonds.
This yeare raty of Maho. 1029 Abdul-Azies-cawn fucceeds Bador cawn
the Ouzbegin his command of Candabar ; Cawn-Ichan is made Leifetenant
of Mult'an and Buchor; Sultan Perwees of Pathan : and Radgee Bert fingh
Bondela, and Abdul-cawn, Governours of Ralpi, are commanded to raiſe
fome forces and follow Sultan Curroon into Decan
t
Sultan Currowne (by this time having leavied his forces, and made all A.M¸1619.
ready for his enterprize upon Decan) first commands all men to intitle A.Heg.999
him Sha Ichan, or King of Hearts; then, with his whole Army in goodly
equipage, travels to Brampore the Rendezvous, and whither Abdul-cawn
and Radgee Bertzingh (according to command) come and wait upon him,
with Thedder-cawn his Cofen,and many other Rafhpootes of quality. Cur-
roon (for by that name wee can beft remember him) fwelling beyond
meaſure to ſee himſelfe Generall of fo brave an Army, dallyes not,
but with all ſpeed gives order to Abdul cawn, Lala-Ragee Bertzingh, Abdul-
Haffen, and many other Umbraves,to begin the Warre with Melec Amber:
and that he & the refidue would follow them; Mirza Mackey and Shadour-
cawn march to Gulcunda againſt Cotobel Melec; and Ma'met Tackyto Vifi-
apore againſt Adel-camn, either to receive by force or faire meanes the
accuſtomed tribute due to the Dyadem of Induſtant. Abdul-cawn in the
firft place to effect his Commiffion, paffes on without any let to Bellagate Bellagate.
(a faftidious mountaine twixt Cunca and Decan, and for ought I know,
may be Hippocura in Ptolomy) Curroon bringing up the other part of the
Army at fifteene miles diftance; to fuccour the Van on all occafions: the
King of Decen at all advantages feckes to intercept them, opponing in
many petty skirmishes; but Abdul-cawn (formerly acquainted with his ro-
domontadoes) paffes on, burning and ſpoyling what they met withall, not
refting till they came to Kerki (the Kings beft houfe) which they levelled
with the ground, inriching themſelves with ftore of prey and treaſure,
reducing Berar and Chandys into fubjection, and forcing compofition from
all the Country as far as Ammadagar, and Tribute from the Kings of Gul-
çunda and Viſiapore;
Langheer
Kerki.
J
80 The Mog. eldeft fon murdred at Brampore. LIB. 1
Langheer is overjoyed with fo much good Fortune; and (to reliſh it the
better) folaces himſelfe in his fonne Perwees Gardens beyond the river.
Ethaman Dowlet (Queene Normals Father) dyed at that time; his great
eftate is by the King given to his daughter and Affaph-cawn, but his Office
is confer'd upon Godgee Abdul Hoffen. Curroon alfo (who fate as Em-
perour in his owne ambition) with a greedy eye refpects the Diadem; but
perceives his impriſoned Brother interpofing in the way: but fuch is the
violence and magicke of pride and tyranny, that it runs on not caring
how, though mafqued with never fo much deformity:he feignes himfelfe
fick; (his diſeaſe is horrible) nothing can recover him fave his eldeft Bro-
thers death; Ganganna is of his infernall councell, who applauds his hu-
mour, and promiſes his recovery; he preſently acquaints fome Mancebdars
in the exployt, of all which rafcall troope Reza (or Rajea Bandor) avery
villain,is quickeſt of apprehenfion and leaft fcrupulous; Curroon (as if he
knew nothing) is conveighed out of Brampore to better his health; whiles
that incarnate Divell at an unfeaſonable houre in the night knocks at Gou-
A.D.1620. ſhroo's chamber,who(as awakened out of a fearfull dream)ſtarts up and de-
A.beg.icoo.mands his errant; the villain replyes, he came from the Mogul his Father,
with order for his delivery. The miferable Prince (affrighted with his
Ravens voyce, and fufpe&ting treafon) defires him to ftay till the morne:
the villain (without further parlee, perceiving no entrance by entreaty)
breaks open his doore, grapples with the amazed Prince, gets him downe
and ſtrangles him: that done, he layes him in his bed, locks the doore,
and trots away as if the Prince dyed of fome impofthume, and hee had
done nothing. Curroom has quick newes of his Brothers death, and in-
wardly rejoyces; but ere Sun-rife, his afflicted wife (Cawn Azems daugh-
ter) goes to vifit him; where finding him fpeechleffe, and (by his contus'd
face) murdered; never did poore wretch fhed more teares, or fhew more
paffion; by tearing her faire hayre, deforming her ſweet face fo fiercely,
fo amazedly,that her Father and all his family heare her, and fee it to their
griefe and admiration. But when they fee the cauſe alfo, they wonder
not, none of them forbearing to expreffe their forrow after feverall
modes, without moderation. All Brampore rings of this Treafon, fufpe&s
the author, and curfes him; but Curroon, (cloath'd with deceipt) comes
thither, falls upon the corps, and expreffes fo much forrow, that many
durft have fworne that he was innocent. After two dayes ceremony, they
bury him, and Curroon writes his Father word of his brothers fudden
death (concealing the occafion.) Iangheer weeps, and afterwards growes
mad with rage, fufpecting fome violence; but not knowing upon the fud-
den how to diſcover it, he feeds upon melancholy and difcontent, writes
back a letter of reproofe and threats to Curroon and his Umbraves, fwea-
ring revenge when they leaft fufpected it; commands the body to be digd
up, and brought with folemne ftate to Elabaffe, where hee interres him in
his Mothers monument; fends for Chan Afem and his afflicted daughter,
comforts them, and takes them for his conftant companions; to Sultan
Bullochy or Blochy his grandfon (fonne to Prince Gufbrose) he intailes the
Imperiall Crowne, gives him the command of ten thousand horfe, and by
Chan Afem his Grandfire (of the blood royall of Tartary)to be educated.
Curroom,
་།
LIB. I
81
Candahar Jubjected by the Perfian.
Curroon, by his Fathers love to Sultan Bullochy, perceives himselfe dif-
regarded, and thenceforth (not caring to pleaſe him) flies out into rebel-
lion. And Abdul-chan (winding his aymes) without leave taking, forfakes
the Army and packs to Kalpi to his government, but by the Mogull (who
was ftill defirous to continue the Decan warres) is rebuked and made to re-
turne. Yet ere long he is revoked, for at that time Abbas King of Perſia
with 30000 men befieges Kandahor, pretending it a member of his Em-
pire. The Citie, was defended by Azief-chan, a Captaine of great valour
and honefty, who for fixteene dayes kept it in deſpight of the Perfian, but
perceiving his Company too weake if they entred, hee writes to Iangkeer,
defiring ſpeedy affiftance.
Iangheer is neerely touched with his diftreffe, and promiſes him imme-
diate fuccour ; ſo that, pofting to Lahore, he convocates his Vmbraves for
advice and help, and firft, commands Chan Iehan (then Liefetenant of Mal-
than, adjoyning Kandahar) with fuch force as he had in readineffe to haſte
thither, the Enemy in the interim attempting day and night the entrance,
whiles Langheer the great Mogull, ruminates whom to make his Generall
at laft, by his owne affent and choife of all his Vmbraves, hee fixes upon
Abdul-chan, by that,by Curroons leave againe returned. This famous Cap-
taine readily accepts the charge,fpeeds to Lahore,and is imbraced with fuch
fudden joy by the Mogull, that hee preſently contracts his faire grand
daughter (D'haen Shams child) to Mirza-chawn, Abdul-chawns eldeft fonne,
and fo with fifteene thouſand choife Cavalry, and one hundred Elephants,
(five thousand of which hee himſelfe brought with him) makes hafte to
give battell to the victorious Perfian. But ere hee could attaine thither,
Jangheer (having notice that the Perfians were too frong to be beaten,
and had vowed the conqueft)by letters commands Azief-chan to furrender
it unto the Enemy, but he, doubting they were counterfeit, holds out, till
by a Mine, a great part of the wall is blown up, and Abbas is entring; which
when Azieph-chan faw, hee mediates their yeelding it up, upon condition
they might depart fafely with their baggage. Abbas (who onely aymed
at the Citie) condifcends, has it given him, wherein hee places Ally-Koli-
cawn and returnes to Spahawn, whiles Affuph and Abdul-chan eaſily goe
back to Lahore, where with welcome,by Iangheer they are entertained.
3
CANDAHOR has Artick elevation foure and thirty degrees, and longi- Candahor.
tude from the firſt Meridian 98 degrees. The Province (South)is reafonable
fruitfull, and redundant in all good things, yet by reafon of fo many Car-
ravans paffing, and repaffing from Lahore to Perfia, all fort of proviſion is
very deere, and the paffage (in regard of many rafcall troopes of Puttars,
Agwans and Coolyes, which like the inhofpitable Arabs prey upon all Caffi-
laes) chargeable and dangerous. The Citie is not very fpatious,but ſtrong;
made defenfive by many helps of nature and induſtry; to the South and
Eaft it is furrounded with an advantagious wall', to the Weft and North
with high and precipitious mountaines. The Suburbs alfo (tho not well
defended) are large, adding to the Citty,beauty and wealth;nothing want-
ing fave good water, which there & all the way to Spahawn is brackiſh, and
the earth for moft part barren and uncomfortable.
Jangheer, by the crafty perfwafion of Afſaph-chawn, fends him with pe-
remptory
M
82
LFB. I
Affaph-cawn betraxes the Freafury.
remptory command to the Caſtle-keeper of Agra, that without delay hee
fhould transferre the treasure thence to Lahore, where hee then was (and
refol'd to be of long time) abiding. It was a meffage of much wonder to
Ethamat-chan, confidering the ftrength where it was kept, his owné ho-
nefty, the danger of convaying fo great a maffe of gold and filver,a journey
fo long,fo chargeable,and dangerous. Thefe and many other perfwafions
hee ufed to Affaph kawn, but in vaine, had they beene trebled. So that on
the one fide, hafte, threats, and the Mogulls command is urged; on the
other, delay, diffwafions,and diverting Jangbeers meaning to another fenſe
is objected on either part fo violently, that from words, blowes became
their uncivill moderatours. But in that exercife Affap-chan (for all his
greatneffe) found himfelfe weakeft, finding the Eunuchs Guard fo ttrong,
and Ethabar-chan Provoſt of Agray to fecond him: fo that, he craves their
pardon, and after fome toyle, by many diffimulations at length wins them
to his purpofe. But, whiles the Eunuchs are preparing for the journey,
this deceitfull man with all fpeed pofts away a fwift Zantell (or Footman)
to his fonne in law Curroon (then upon the confines of Decan) adviſing his
fpeed, and to ambush 'twixt Agra and Delly for his Fathers Treaſure. The
Prince (compos'd of courage and ambition) receives the letter with much
joy, and without any check of confcience or refpect of loyalty, immediatly
Curroon pre
commands all his Vmbraves out of fuch Provinces his Father had affign'd
pares to rob
his Fathers him, even from Brampore to Surrat, and all Cambaya to Amadabat;the Go-
Exchequer. vernors of Surrat,Baroch, Launbaffer, Medapore, & of the marittim coaſt, Go-
ga, Diul, Nagfary, Mangerelpore, and Onnepore; as alfo our of Mandow, Gan◄
derfee, Ondepore, Baraer, Amnadagar,&c. in a rebellion and enterprife fo in-
famous and full of perill, deffrous to ingage all his Lieutenants, to bring
them under like hatred, and in fome fort to oblige their dependance upon
his acts and fortunes: and (o,with a brave and fturdy Army of 70000 horfe,
he fets on towards Mandoa,as if he intended a contrary Progreffe: Mandow
(threescore courſes from Brampore) is a Towne both antient and famous;
feated on the fide of a lofty precipitious hill, and ambitious in a Caftle
ftrong and ſtately,incompaft with a defenfive wall of five miles (the whole
had fifteen mile circuit) but the Citie later built,is of leffe affife yet freſher
beauty, whether wee behold the Temples, (in one of which are intomb'd
foure Kings) Pallaces, or Fortreffes; efpecially that Tower elevated one
hundred and ſeventy fteps, fupported by maffie pillars, and adorn'd with
gates and windowes very obfervable, and built by Chan Ichan who in it
is buried: This Citie was lately owned by the Kings of Delly, till fuch time
as Homayon the Mogull rapt it from sheck Sha Sehm King of Delly,at his re-
turne from Perfia, whither Selym had forced him. From Baroch'tis diftant
150 Engliſh miles. Curroon after two dayes reft in Taxaporehafts away with
fuch velocity, that his Army (ignorant of his intent) thought hee was
mad, every day pofting above forty miles, fo that in thirreene dayes with
all his troopes he attained Fettipore from Brampore neere 500 miles; yea
ere Etbabar-chan knew of his being in the Country: but as it fell out, he
made more hafte, than good fpeed; for, long hee could not lurck with
fuch a company, without the knowledge of Ethamat-cawn the carefull
Treaſurer; who (as if all the Enemies in the world were approaching)
Mandow.
་
unloads
:
LIB. I
Curroon enters forcibly into Agra. 83
unloads the Camels of their pretions burthens,convaies it in again,fortifies
the Caftle, and fends quickly to langheer of his fonnes trayterous intenti-
on, who is aftonisht above meaſure, and prefently fends every way for affi-
ſtance, to Sultan Perwees out of Pathan, to Chan-Iehan out of Multhan,and
for Makobet-chan out of Kabull; whiles Curroon (perceiving he was diſcove-
red) with his whole Army divided amongſt ſeverall Captaines,Ganganna,
Ruftan-chan, Radgee Bickermanfe, Mirza-Darab, Saget-chan, Mahomet Tack-
jeck, Tfoffally, &c. fhew themſelves in front of Agray, making a bravado, as
if the conqueft were eafie and no way doubted of. But the two Eunuchs
keepe clofe in their defended Sconces, whiles Radgee Bickermanfe at Cur-
roons intreaty, begins the churlifh play, followed by Byrambeg, Ruftanchan,
Wazir-chan and Darab,whofe onfet tho it was full of gallant force and fury,
yet Ethabar-Chan, defirous to facrifice his beft endeavours to expreffe his
loyalty retaliates fuch entertainment, that after three houres triall, having
loft five hundred men, without any prevailing they retreat, well beaten
and aſhamed; ſo that (converting their power upon a more hopefull way)
they draw back and fall a rifling the houſes of fuch Vmbraves as were like-
ly to have booty. Byrambeg begins with the houſe of Mirza Abdull, Chan
Azems fonne, but finds fuch hot and unexpected welcome that hee was
forc't out, not without amazement. Howbeit, Radgee Bickermanfe entred
with better fortune Affaph-chans (which in this tumult found no excep-
tion) out of which they drew twenty leck of roopees; Ruftan-chan out
of Lafcar-chans 16 leck,and Darab from Nouradyn Cooly's, ten; In all,about
threefcore leck of roopees, after which baſe theft, (as if they had done
wonders) with great triumph they returned to Fettipore.
Curroon, after three weekes ftay about Fettipore; finding it impoffible
by force or fubtilty to obtain the treafure, and no more prey in thoſe parts,
refolves to march back and give his Father battell, whom hee heard (from
Affaph-chawn) was comming. To which end, after double allowance to
each fouldier, and proteftations of his kind remembrances, hee retreats to-
wards Delly, in five dayes attaining Pherrybaud ten courſe from Delly, at
fuch time as Tangheer with his Army pitcht three courſe from the Towne,
and feven from Curroons trenches.
Very early next morne, Curroon (longing to grafpe the Diadem) com-
mands Radgee Byckermanfe to begin the fight with, eight thousand horfe,
againſt whom, langheer the great Mogull oppofes Mahobet-chan, Abdul-
Chav Ethabar chan, Affapb-cawn,Godgee Abdel Huffan, Zadoc-chan, Immirza
Mamet, Radgee Bertfingh, Tzeer-chan, Seberdeeft-chan,and other principall
Vmbraves; by advice of Mahobet-chan dividing the whole Army into three.
One part to himſelfe and Radgee Bertfingh, a fecond to Sultan Sheryar his
yongeft fonne and Mahobet-chan,the third to Abdul-chan and Zadoc-chawn:
to all whom hee ufed many perfwafions to fight bravely and with difcre-
tion, as againſt exquifite warriours, moft of which had beene in many con-
Alicts; yet fuch was the juftice of the caufe, & each mans particular intereft,
that he knew they needed no exafperating. Then to each Commander
(as they were entring combat) he fent fome fmall token of his zeale,as re-
membrances of his love and ingagements upon his victory of great prefer-
ment: Zaber-deeft-chan in the firft place (carrying Abdulchan his Mafters
M 2
prefent)
1
84
LIB. I
Sultan Curroon is vanquished.
prefent) by miſchance falls among five hundred light horſe of Curroons
and periſhes. Bickermanfe with his large troop of horfe,charges Bertfingh
and the Moguls quarter fo furiouſly, that many parted with their lives to
expreffe their loyalty. Whiles Ganganna and Curroon enter pelmell a-
gainft Mahobet-cawn, and Ruftan-cawn wich T'foffally upon Abdul-cawn,
all which were Captaines of fuch valour and experience, and the armies
on either fide fo irritate for honour and benefit, that for three houres the
bartell continued with rage, each part fighting fo bravely, that no advan-
tage could be diſcovered,till victory at laft inclines to Curroon,when Rad-
jea Byckermanfe after a terrible flaughter of the Moguls fquadron, in def-
pight of his guard,enters fternly (dyde in blood) langheers royall Tent,and
arreſted him as his priſoner, but he had ſcarcely meditated the greatneffe
and excellency of his prize, when grim death directs the battle axe of a
Radjea Bic. Mancebdar then in prefence, which fell fo fore, fo fure, that downe hee
kermanfe fell, with a curfe breathing out his unwilling foule, and fuch terror into
flaine, the hearts of his followers, that without any remembrance of their con-
queſt, they all fled, and gave the Moguls part freſh advantage to re-inforce
the victory.
Curroon it
pardoned,
but rebells
afresh.
Curroon amazedly perceives upon the fudden his overthrow, and by
and by has the reafon of it. He does all hee can to alter their cowardize;
he perfwades, threats, oppofes, and cries aloud that he was living, yea a
hundred Captaines as good as Byckermanſe were in the Army: but in vaine,
for fuch was their prepofterous feare and diſorder, that he fees it impoffi
ble to revoke them: fo that (vollying out a thoufand curfes, expreffing
all fymptomes of rage and frenzie) he rides to and fro, not knowing whi-
ther he had better here put a period (by his death) to all future misfor-
tune,or to fly and hope for better afterwards: at laft,by Ganganna's advice
he hafts away,but leaves his men and treaſure to the mercy of his enemies,
and after long and fwift flight with few of his freinds, attaines the deſolate
and high Mountaines of Mewat, in whofe folitary rocks hee ruminates his
mifery and the juſtice of God upon his high rebellion.
Sultan Perwees with a glad heart meets his victorious Father at Balzol;
after which the Seralios are freed, and the Caſtle gates opened, as fearleffe
of any more oppofall. And now, the old Mogul cheeres up his late droo-
ping fpirits, and folaces himſelfe with Noormal, the light of his eyes,
and the beſt object of his devotion : his delight and jocundities gave a faire
occafion to Affaph-cawn, and Ganganna, to mediate a reconciliation for
Curroon; and which the old man alfo inclined to; fo that, from Afmeer,
letters of peace and pardon are diſpatcht unto the rebellious Prince; who
reads them with no fmall joy, and prepares for his fubmiffion with
Ganganna, Abdul-cawn, Darab cawn, Beyram beg, and other Umbraves of
quality, hee defcends the Mountaines of Mewat, and through Baffawer,
Hambyer and Lael-fod (unable to forbeare pilfring all the way) at laft hee
came to Azmeer, where he throws himselfe at's Fathers feet, and upon his
repentance and oath never more to fly out, is pardoned: but his fubmif-
fion (as by the ſequell) appeared counterfeit, and upon this occaſion.
:
So foone as Rajea Bickermanfe was flaine, Carroon in his place made
Abdul-cawn Governor of Gufurat, Amadavad and Cambaya. Abdul-cawn,
though
1
LIB. I
85
Abdul-cawns Eunuch baffled.
though glad of fo high preferment delays his journey; both in regard of his
defire to ſee Curroon freed from his troubles, and to enjoy the command
and gain he every day got in Curroons depredations: and obteyning leave
to ſtay a while, he fends his Eunuch Baffadur-cawn as his deputy to repre-
fent his perfon,and to prepare things the better againſt his comming. The
Eunuch in good equipage travels thither-ward, and by the inhabitants of
Amadabat is received with much ſtate and ceremonie; but, beholding
himſelfe mounted fo high,incircled with fuch rayes of Majefty, & roabed
with ſo much honour, his former vaffalage is forgotten, and his genius fo
tranſcendently efflated with pride and ambition, that he beholds his equals
with disdaine and anger, his inferiors with a fquint and fupercilious eye
of ſcorne and tyranny: yet, fuch as knew his feathers were but borrowed,
and that his glory was but the reflect of him hee counterfeited, gave him
occafion to underſtand himselfe, by affronts, negle&t and undervaluing
him; eſpecially Nadab-Tfaffi-chan the Mogals Chancellor, who by intrea-
ty and threats fought to reforme him, but by fuch meanes more exafpe
rated; fo that after many baſe and contumelious ufages, hee is forced (to
fave his life) out of the City, but fo inraged, that he vowes requitall: hee
hafts to Nazar-cawn Viceroy of Patan and Baban-cawn of Chapperbenniz,
whom by his complaints (and affront offered as he pretended to the Mogul
their Mafter) hee inflames with fury; by this advantage alſo perceiving
a way to defy Curreon their inveterate adverfary: for hearing the Eunuch
had not above five hundred horfe, they prefently prepare, and advance
to Amadavad with a thoufand horfe and five Elephants, and (by leave of
fome that hated the Eunuch) enter the City, and commit what villany
they pleafe, force the Caftle, and impriſon Baffeder-cawn the Eunuch,
with his branded affociates Mirza Madarg,Motzab-cawn and Mamet-Haſſe
the Cambayan Podeftate,whom they difgrace, and depart at pleaſure, lea-
ving the City fatisfied, and the Country full of amazement. But ere long,
Curroon has notice of it, and (finding it a plot to difhonour him) fwells
with rage, thunders out his difcontent, and ftraight way breaks out into
rebellion. But Abdul-cawn fcoffes at this accident, as unworthy Cur-
roons impatience and his trouble, their Antagoniſts being but three, one
of them a pallid Lawyer; the other two, Merchants of fmall wealth or
reputation.
Yet knowing fatisfaction would not be had without a combat, and that
Saffi-cawn might not too long feed upon their mifery, hee convocates all
his Umbraves, Amet-cawn, (Governour of Brodera) Tzalib g, Ruſtan Ba-
dor, Mamet-hoffen, Mercon-beg, Zerdzie--cawn, Matzael-cawn and others;
to each of whom he relates the Princes diſhonour and his owne griefe,not
that hee feared fuch meane enemies, but that herein hee faw the fire of
more wrath and difcord akindling; which by the conftáncy and valour
of theſe his friends hee doubted not to extinguish. They heare him, un-
derſtand, and profeffe their loyalty: yea unanimoufly with feven thou-
fand choyce horſe make hafte to chaſtiſe Saffi-chan & his affociates: foure-
teene hundred thouſand roopees are disburſt by Abdul-cawn, to increaſe
his army with ten thouſand infantery; ſo that now hee makes fure to pu-
niſh, yea to extirpate the very memory of his enemies : indeed, many
fwell
86
Conflict 'twixt Abdul and Saffi-cawn. LIB.I
fwell themſelves with empty conceits and fancies, and by a fooliſh admi-
ration of their own power and bravery, judge all attempts, though chargd
with never fo much danger, inferiour to their worth and fortune; but
the event oftentimes difcovers their fhallow imaginations, and makes
them ridiculous. We fee it fo in this Abdul-cawn, a man of great power,
credit, and experience; yet at this time fo whirld, yea fo efflated with
pride and ſcorne, that (by too much fecurity and contempt of thoſe hee
was to grapple with) bee prepares his owne ruine. From Mandon with
his Army, in five dayes hee comes to Broders, and hafts thence to Waſſet,
judging all Gujurat affrighted at his comming; but Saffi-cawn and his were
nothing troubled at it; no, although Sultan Bullochy and Cawn-Azem were
then at Tferoy a good way diftant,nor that he wanted (the nerves of war)
mony, and the people were (though his was the Moguls caufe)neutrall and
indifferent; but rather, infpir'd with new courage and pollicy, throwes
off all apparition offeare, and (to adde fomewhat to his treafury and pay)
forragesfuch Townes as refuſed to contribute, forces the Exchequer, and
fpoyles that rich and glorious throne or ſtate, Sultan Curroon had late-
ly fet up in Amadavad, as an addition and monument of his glory; with this
and his other helps hee entertaines an Army of twenty thousand horfe,
five hundred Musketiers, thirty Elephants for warre; and (by Proclama-
tion, that all his provifion was in defence of Langheers prerogatives) above
twenty Umbraves of quality,Mirza Caffen, Immirza Mockym, Radgea Cal-
licawn, Radgee Doola, Commel-cawn, Gokeldas, Phereez-cawn, Tzedchan,
Tzed Iacob &c. affociate him, to Ranckry, where hee incampt, and thence
to Affempore,where hearing of Abdul-cawns comming, kee arofe and came
to Boubent alow, fix courſe from Amadavad, where in a valiant poſture, hee
attended the comming of his enemies.
Abdul-cawn at Anamogery receives intelligence of their incamping; in
fcornfull fort he tels the meffenger he was comming, and upon his owne
company lookes fo merrily that they all condemn'd him of too much con-
fidence, but (loath he fhould perceive any want of valour in them) they
equall his hafte, and couragiously march to Nyriaed,and fo to Momodabad,
bat fix courſe from the Enemy: there, Abdul-cawn by affent of his other
Vmbraves command Motzab cawn to prifon, and thackles him; (upon
Tome intelligence paffing twixt him and Saffin-cawn his enemy) and next
day with his ſonne Godgee Sultan upon an Elephant are ſent to Mando to
receive their tryall. The enfuing morne hee moves towards Kavife and
there hearing how ftrong the Enemy was (his opinion fomewhat altered)
he travels to Baroch thinking to affaile them in the reare, but in vaine, for
they diſcovered him; fo that next day he refolved to encounter them in
a maine battell, and accordingly at that time divides his Army into three;
one, to Amet-cawn and Tzalibeg; another to Tzardi-cawn, Maxatbeg and
Mamet-Cooly; and the laft to himfelfe: and in this equipage, the whole
Camp removed to Zietelpore and Phettibeg; where Nahar-cawn, his five
fonnes, and two fonnes in law, Karamamet-cawn and Kamamet-cawn, with
three thouſand horfe, begin the fight, and charge fo hotly upon Abdul-
awns troops, that they made them retire and loſe their ground of advan-
tage; befides, they playd fo fiercely on them with their Muskets,
•
that
they
LIB.I
87
Abdull-cawn & vanquished.
they diſordered Abdul cawns beſt cavalry,and by wounding their beſt Ele-
phant, forced him to turne and execute his wrath upon his own company.
Curroons chiefe Captaine fees the perill, and knowes no way for
pre-
vention, fave by a challenge to a single combat with Nahar-camn that was
fo valiant. The old man is fo full of heat and fury that he accepts it, and
with his Lance carreers fo bravely, that Abdul-cama fimarts in the Arme;
But the old man wounded in the head had periſhed, had not his fonnes
then made proofe of their utmoſt valour and obedience : howbeit by
this expreffion, three ofthem wel-nigh facrific'd their lives, not forry if
they had terminated in fo happie an occafion; but Ramamet was flaine,
and the refidue fo difcouraged, that but for Delawer-cawn (who reanima-
ted them) they had fled and left Abdul victorious.
Whiles thefe were bandying for glory in the field of Mars, Tzed-cawn
and Tzed Iacup give a brave charge upon Tzalibeg and Amet-cawe; where
after mutuall giving and receiving blowes Tzalibeg defcends firſt a degree
of mifery by being unhorft by his adverfaries Elephant, and by Tzed-camu
forc't to a deadly dormitorie. Amet-cawn (alfo adventring further than
difcretion warranted) is taken by Radjea Doola and beheaded fo is
Tzalibeg, and both, fent to Saffinchan as a reall trophy and teftimoniall
of their victory. The death of theſe great men fo afflicted the whole
Armie, (that throwing away all hopes of conqueft) each man fled which
way his fancie directed him, Tzaitfi-chan Governour of Brodere excepted,
who thought it too great a blemiſh to his honour to turne taile,having five
hundred horfe and three Elephants as yet lufty and couragious; but what
could his oppofition do? when Saffin camn in perſon with his victori-
ous troops affronted him; to contend were madneffe, and therefore
on intreatie, yeelds, and has faire quarter given him; but his example
could work but little with Mamet-Cooly his fonne, for hee (imagining his
Father had done cowardly)with forty horfe and one Elephant flies to Ab-
dul-cawn, who received little joy in fuch an untimely expreffion, being
burthened with forrow and difgrace, but bids him (do as he did) flie, to
avoyd the ſwift rage and purfuit of the Enemy. In the flight, Mot faib
cawn is brought back to Saffin cawn, and Abdul-cawn (by unexpected on-
fets of the Coolies and high-way roagues, as alfo by intollerable tempefts,
amazed, beaten, and difcouraged) haftens to Baroch; next day to Surrat;
and after eight daies refreſhment, and fome freſh companie,to Brampore;
to attend Curroons command, and make proviſion for reparation of his
honour, never till then fo notoriously blemiſhed.
up-
BAROCH (where the pole feptentrionall is elevated twenty one
degrees fifty five min.) is a Citie of good note in the Guſarat Province
diftant from surrat (by Cofumbay and Periam) foure and thirtie engliſh
miles, from Gambaya fifty foure, from Amadavad a hundred twenty foure,
from Brampore two hundred and eleven or there abouts. It is feated in a
beneficiall foyle, watered by Narvar (or Nardabah) a ſweet and delight-
full river, which, from the Decan mountaines commixing with the Tappee,
flowes through Brampore hither, and at Hanfot (a Village eight courfe
lower) feparates, and makes a pretty Ifle: and (a fmall houres travell
thence)in two ſtreames foure miles afunder, incorporates with the briny
Ocean:
Baroch.
!
88
LIB. i
Baroch.
.}
peo
Barech is vifible (by reafon of her high ftanding) a good way diftant;
built upon the beſt advantages of Nature and Art: both, fo excellently
contending, as makes it at firſt view ſeeme impregnable: fhe is well
pled, and with ſuch as extract great wealth by land and water : the buil-
dings are generally fubmiffe and low, eſpecially thofe below the moun-
taine. In quondam times her royalties were more fpacious, as foveranizing
over many Townes of quality a great way removed: as Medapore feventy
miles thence; Radgee-pore or Brodera eighty; Townbaffer thirty, &c. each
of which now enjoy peculiar Podeftates: howbeit (as Merchants tellus)
the Mogul has received hereout as annuall tax or tribute, one Million two
hundred and threefcore thouſand mammoodees (or fhillings in our mo-
ney :) 'twixt Baroch and Amadavad is intombed Polly-Medinae a Mohumi-
tan Saint, exceffively reputed of by the fuperftitious people; who in way
of meritorious pilgrimage flock thither, loaden with chaines or ftones,
and locking up their mouthes from fpeaking vanity, by fuch penance to
obtaine children, health, wealth, or what they luft after. But to our
ftory.
A.D. 1622.
A.H.1C02.
beaten.
Tangheer, during thefe offenfive broyles, refides at Fettipore, and heares
of Abdul cawns prefumption and (urroons new rebellions; hee fleepes
unquietly, and can take no reft, till both of them receive due puniſhment:
he calls Sultan Perwees his fonne, acquaints him with his affliction, gives
him order to levy fome forces, wherewith to perfecute his traiterous Bro-
ther, and thofe out-lawed Umbrvaes that attended him.
·
Perwees (intreating Mahobet-chan to accompany him) with soooo horſe,
Curroon re-moves againſt Curroon: by the way, he impriſons Mirza-chan, Abdul-
bells and is chans fonne (but lately to Iangheers grandchild marryed) and by order
is fent manacled to Ethabarchan, in Agra caftle to be confined: whiles
Abdul Azief-chan (by Abdulchans deceit brought to Curroons party)
eſcapes, fubmitts to the Mogul, and is pardoned. (urroon has notice
of the approach of his enemies, ſo that from Azmeer he hafts to Mandow
to augment his Army, with a fetled determination to bid them battell.
Perwees followes him, and pitches ten Engliſh myles from his brothers
campe; and next morning drawing out his men affayles him, who at the
firſt Chock (by miſhap of Ruftan chan and Berkendafchan) falls back and lets
the enemy poffeffe his trenches: in a word, Perwees has the day and Cur-
roon flies to Brampore his old receptacle. Ganganna noting Curroons fad-
neffe, makes it an advantage of his treachery; he perfwades the Prince to
fend him to mediate a peace with Perwees, with an intent to deliver him
into his hands (having precontracted with Beyrambeg and Darab.chawn,
to feize him, who to that end had ambuſhed neere the river Nardebals
20000 horſe;) but Abdul chan diffwades Curroon, affuring him of Gangan-
wa's villany, Ganganna efcapes, the confpiracy comes to light, and Bey-
rambeg with his affociate is loaden with irons, placed on an Elephant and
with ſome ſelected troopes, leaves Krampere and flyes into DecaR,
where by Melec Ambar (glad of fuch confufion) he is welcomed, and feat-
ed in Naier-Throm, where he dictates patience; his Elephants and men
are fent to Daultabat till he recalled them.
1
Sultan Perwees and Mahobet-chan enter Brampore, and here whither
Curroom
LIB. I
89
The Tartars beaten.
Curroon was travelled. They give Iangheer notice of their good fortune,
and hee celebrates it with no leffe joy, than as if hee had triumpht over a
dangerous enemy. But behold, this faire Sun-fhine of content is inve-
loped with an unexpected cloud of ftorme and danger. I'hen Thonz an
Ouzbeg Tartar (of long time watching fome fit occafion to forrage the
Moguls Territories, by Curroons unquietneffe fpies it,) with thirty thou-
fand horſe overruns Chabul, perpetrating all forts of ſpoyle and miſchefe.
Iangheer, exclaimes and rages violently, but fo foone as hee had given vent
to this his fwelling paffion, he fends poft to Zeed-cawn (ſon to Mahobet-
cawn) Viceroy of Bange, to retaliate him: this young Gallant delaies
not, but with twenty thousand horfe interpofes 'twixt the Citie and
Tartarr, gives him fo furious a charge, that Then Thouz is a fraid to fuffer it,
by baſe flight leaving his honour, halfe his men, and ftore of wealth to
Zaed-cawn, and by his joviall troopes to be rifled; after which, they enter
Tartary, and as farre as Gaffany, burne, fpoyle, and make havock of what
they meet with, returning with great wealth and many Elephants to Ka-
bul, where with all acclamations of joy they are welcomed, and by Iang-
heer fo accepted of, that he fends Zaed-cawn many thanks, and adds to his
former troopes sooo as an augmentation of more honor and benefit.
This cloud once over-blowne, the Horizon appeares more glorious,
and Iangheer contemplates in what part to enjoy with his beloved Noor-
mahall moſt pleaſure. Caßimeer at length gets the preheminence: Ita-
bounds with variety of choyce ſports, but the progreffe was long and re-
mote from moft places whence in thofe active times hee was to receive in-
telligences; howbeit, delight fwaied him againft all objections', giving
Curroon (by that diftance) fo faire an advantage, that with all ſpeed (fen-
ding his Umbraves word to follow him) hee forfakes Decan, and through
Gulcunda and Orixa,fpeeds into Bangala, yea with foure thouſand horfe,
and three hundred Elephants paffes the folitary deferts and fo fud-
denly prefents his forces afore Dehake, that Abrahim-cawn, governing
that Province (blafted with amazement) flies away firft to Bannaras, then
to Meflipatan, and knowes not where to reft fecurely: whiles Curroon
fmiles at it, & without ſtay or let, commands his treafure; with mony and
faire words fo bewitching moft of the Umbraves of that fruitfull Country,
that they immediatly came to do him fervice with horfe,mony, & armory.
Overjoyed with fuch good hap, this daring Prince breaks into Prop,
flafhing (as to the other) fuch terrour into the eyes and heart of Makolidif-
chan the Goveruour, that without any ſhow of manhood or pollicie hee
poſts to Elabafs to acquaint Ruftan the Captaine with his danger, by whom
(in ftead of thanks) he is foundly rated,and for his cowardize imprisoned.
Curroos heares ofit: but fo long as hee continues profperous, hee re-
gards no mans mifery, but rather by fuch, increaſes his activity; paffing his
Army over Ganges,he aymes at Kerry not doubting of the conqueft; but by
the way at Radgee Mahal is with fuch fury affaulted by Ebrain-chan (by this
time reincouraged, and here ambuſcadoed with fix thouſand horſe) that
little wanted of foiling him, had not Abdul-chan (behind with beft part of
his Army) haftily brought up his troope, and by 3 houres skirmish reco-
vered him, after three thouſand were flaine of Curroons party, and foure
thousand of Ebrahims, who alſo loft his life by his too great avarice amongft
N
his
:.
90
LIB. I
Elabaſs befieged by Rebells.
Ghan
Ganna im-
prisoned.
his men, and out of too much appetite to regaine his honour fo lately ble-
miſhed. Curroone rubricates this in the Kalendar of his greateſt dangers
and deliverances: it reaches him to travell with more care and vigilancie,
but diffwades not from the profecuting his unjuft defignes, fpoiling & rob-
bing all that wealthy Province, and entring as Conquerour Tande andall
Gouro, Banaras, (hatighan, and all fuch Townes in Orixa and Bengala as
refifted him; preying upon their gold and jewels, acting many unchaſtities,
and forcing their oaths and hoftages to become his fubjects: thence to Pa-
than, whither Radgee Vfiem with five thousand horfe and twenty thousand
foot came to ferve him.
Permees heares of Curroons extravagancies, and intends to curb him: he
commits Brampore to Ruftan-chan and Laskar-kawn; and with 50000 horfe
aymes with long toyle at Elebaſſe,and entring Lala Berfinghs territories,Lala
meets him with 7000 horfe, and gives him a Prefent of 3 leck of roopees.
langheer left hee ſhould furfer of delight, at Caffmeer entertaines the
ne wes of his fonne Curroons freſh outbreaking, as alſo of Ebrahims death
and fad difcomfiture: but fearing his vagrant fonne might grow too po-
tent (if too long fuffered in his exorbitancies) hee rowfes himselfe, and
forthwith commands Chan Iehan out of Molthan and Buckerr to raiſe fome
Companies and to haſten into Genſurat, with the tribute of thoſe Provin-
ces to advance a brave Army,and joyne with Permees againſt the Rebells:
Chan-lehan being come to Fettipore, he there løyters, and as long at Agre
wraps himſelfe in idleneffe,forgetfull of the Mogulls command, the Prin-
ces need, and his owne honour; yet, Ruftan, Captaine of Elebas, fhewes
himſelfe of better temper; for having impriſoned Mokolidaſchan for his
feare, he thenceforth labours to fortifie his Caftle with men, money, and
proviſion: which when Curroom heard, hee alters his intent, and drawes
his forces againſt Rautes (a ſtrong defenced Caſtle ) which by Syet Mon-
bark is yeelded upon fmall treaty: hee alſo affaults Tzinner, which tho a
while well kept by Haftibeg, is in the end delivered: after this, Abdulchan
forces Langbeer-Coolighan Captaine of Bonarce to Elabas, and Water Chen
to loonpore and other Townes, whereout they drew abundance of treaſure;
and hearing of his brothers approach with Mahobet-chan (to forfer preven-
tion) he intreats Abdulichan, Kadgee Rhiem, and Byram-chan to try their for
rune againſt Elabaffe, by Ruftan-chan fo ftrongly defended: they obey
him, and with all hafte befiegeit, and next day affault it with utmoft fury,
but by Rustan are as bravely beat off and forced to retreat with fhame and
danger. In that action the feed offo much emulation and spleene kindled
twixt Abdul and Radgee Rhiem as was not queacht in long tyme,and with-
out both deſtructions. Sultan Berwees and Mahobet-chan haften (if pof-
fible) to be at Elabas ere the rebells rofe from before it: they paffe Bac-
kery and Municpore, but Abdul-chan hyes thence over Ganges and at Bo-
narce (or Banaras) joyne with Carrooms xxxy.
Ganganns (banckrupt in credit with Curroon and Abdul-chan,) had not
beene long in Perwees army, butby Mohabet-chans command, for fome
unworthy plots is imprifoned; which a fervant of his (M'hia Fehiem by
name) took fo impatiently, that he comforts with soo men and ambushes
twixt their paffagero Kalpin and Lald's country, by force attempting his
Lords delivery: his good will was much and good, but the fucceffe bad
and
LIB. I
91
Battell twixt Curroon and Perwees.
and bitter; for Mahobet-chan feareleffe of ſuch a ſcarecrow,in finall ſpace
flew him and his rafh fociety. Ganganna thenceforth is more ftrickly
look'c to, his eſtate confifcated, his wife and fon and family are upon Ele-
phants fent flaves to Agra; whiles Perwees, Mahobet, and the Army ar-
rive at Elabas; where by valiant and faithfull Ruftan-chan they are wel-
comd and lodged in the caftle with much pompe and joyfull entertain-
ment.
Mahobet-chawn is impatient of ftay till he could come to grapple with
Curroones Army, who by that tyme had affembled a great company, al-
lured by the magick of his gold and tempting language, to runne a bold
hazard with him to the gates of Death. neere Thonec is myles from Bø-
naras they pitch their camps in view of one another, either fide refolv'd
with the utmoſt of valor and policy to purchaſe victory. Ganges (that
great, rich, and deified river, which ſay the Bannyans iffues out of a rock
at Siha formed like a Cowes head) a whiles forbad them, reftrayning ei-
thers fury, fave what volleyed from the roring guns to eithers prejudice.
Beyrambeg began the play with 4000 horfe and forraged towards Elabas
but is by Mamet Shamma met upon shawezi's bancks where his men were
diſcomfited, himselfe flaine and his head fevered. Mahobet-chan interprets
this as a good Omen to the battell; inflamd with courage, he drawes out
his troopes, but knowes not how (without apparant perill) to paffe his
men over Ganges, till by a Native he is directed to a fafe ford,where he got
over luckily : he gives his company fome incouragement, and delayes
not to affront Curroon to his face. Curroon willing rather to lofe life than
fwallow fuch an indignity, orders his campe and defires Radgee Rhiem
with his Elephants to answer him; this couragious Captaine moft gladly
undertakes it and gives Mahobet ſo hot a charge, yea with his warlick Ele-
phants fo difordred him, that had Abdul-chan or Derra-chan feconded
him(as was appoynted) Curroon had eafily obtaind a glorious victory; but
they fwelling with envy againſt this brave man, ever fince their attempt
of Elabas, not only betray his hopes by hovering back, but are overjoyed
when they behold Mahobet-chans company recovered, and Radgees Ele-
phants wounded and madded with rage to execute their wrath upon their
owners, and in the end Radgee (after as much proofe of courage and skill Radgee
Rhiem flin
as could be in man) flaine, and his whole fquadron confounded: in this
miferable fort, perisht one of the ableft men of India, and Abdul-char
moſt baſely guilty of his death: revenge purſues him; for finding it high
tyme to give over looking on, and do fomething, he fees Perwees entring
with Radgee Ziẞing, Radgee Ziand, Radgee Bertzing and their Army.
Curroon alſo falls on, doing what lay in the power of man, the battell now
pelmel enduring for five houres with a great deale of martiall skill and
bravery. Carroom is hurt in the arme. Permees (though upon his Elephant)
is by Derrhachas wounded in the fide, and but for the excellency of his
mayle had there dyed. In the end,the Kings Army grew victorious by the
unrefiftable fury Mabobet a fresh affords them,the rebells pufillanimouſly
oppofing that new torrent of deftruction, gaze awhile,and then remem-
bring the injuftice of their fide grow pale with feare, fo as in the end
they turne tayle and flie amayne, refolving not in hafte to under-
N 2
take
92
LIB. I
All Chan-canna's iffue flaine.
1
take fuch an occafion. Curroon is not able to alter it, bis old accurfed fate
purſues him ; and therefore (ftriking the ground with his lance) he leaves
the battell, efcapes away, and with 4000 horfe of fuch as loved him, he
flyes to the inexpugnable Caftle of Rantas,yeilded by Monbark, and wherin
he had placed Radgee Gholam one of the murderers of Prince Gushrooe;
leaving the refidue of his Army to fip the bitter cup of death, the glory
of a great and famous overthrow to his brother and Mahobet-chan, and
the ſpoyle of his campe to Radgee-Bertfingh, who from out of it brought
of gold, filver, precious gemmes, Elephants, Camels, horfes,and flaves of
both ſexes great abundance.
Sultan Curroon in his ftrong Caſtle and at fuch a diftance, has tyme to
ruminate upon his miferies, and with a difcontented mind fees how in-
fenfibly he precipitates his hopes, at that inftant fixed in the center of
affliction and as an aggravation to his melancholly, heares of Mahobet-
chans re-approach towards him. He thereupon difparks his Seralio, and
flyes thence to Potan with Affaph-chawns daughter only in his company
(who had lately brought him a dainty gyrle) and by a Zantel or Poft dif
patches letters to Darab-chan(then in Bengala)to levy fome forcesand meet
him at Radgee-Mahal, where he expected him.
Mahobet-Chan, Prince Perwees, and captived Ganna purfue Curroon,
fcarce refting day or night till they came to Rantas,where hearing which
way he tooke, they chafe him to Patan, but there alfo they miffe of him,
having fure tidings of his flight to Radgee Mahal. At Patan they breath
awhile, and hearing of Darabs obfequioufneffe to Currown, they get his
aged Father Ganganna by letters to dehort him, and to promife him re-
quitall fo he would joyne with them: Darab (incenfed by Mahobet-chans
feverity to his father, and fuppofing his perfwafions forced and counter-
feit) most unluckily denyes, and goes on to levy men to fupport the re-
bellion. Prince Perwees proclaymes him Traytor, and allots 4000 roopes
to him would bring him to his campe alive or dead. The tyme-ferving
greedy Multitude (knowing Currown was fled) not only bring Darab-
chan but his children and kinfeman Morad, fonne to sha Nabarkhan, all
whoſe heads are ſtruck off and fent to Perwees,and by Mahobet-chans com-
mand prefented to Ganganna,by that a wretched Father, and thence (as a
Trophy of their care and terror of others) unto Agra on poles to be ele-
vated. The report of this untoward maffacre is foone knowne to Cur-
roone, fo that he bids farewell to Mahal, and flyes to Medenpoore, and
thence to Odjea; but is quefted after by Mahobet to Medenpoore,where,mif-
fing him, he ſtayes for Prince Permees,and fends Baker chan &8000horfe in
the purſuit after him. At this Oudee or Oujea (a citty in Bengala & felicitated
by Ganges) are many Antick Monuments, eſpecially memorable is the
pretty old caftle Ranichand built by a Bannyan Pagod of that name about
994500 yeares ago after their accompt, from which to this the Bannyans
haue repayred to offer here and to wash away their finnes in Ganges,each
of which is recorded by name by the laborious Bramyns who acquaintes
this Pagod with their good progreffions and charitable offerings.
A.D.1623 During thefe domeftique broyles, Melec Amber (perceiving the ſeaſon
4.H.1003 advantagious to recover what he had loft,) advances with 50000 men,
Ouder.
1
and
LIB. I
93
Brampore besieged.
Curroon
flies into
and founexpectedly chardges Laskar-chan, Mirza Mametfheir, and Ebrahim
Hoffen, that they had no warning for defence, but are compelled to give
up their Forts and fuffer the Decan to re-enter, what was his owne by law
of Nations; 15000 Indians were flayne, and as many were expelld the
country; the 3 Umbraves alfo are fent prifoners to Danltebad to attend
the pleaſure of their conquerer. Bacherchan having commiffion to perfe-
cute Curreon, procraftinates not, but in few weeks attaines O'djea; where
the Prince (though he had sooo horfe and 300 Elephants) dared not
abide him battell, poffeft with feare and fo terrified with precedent dan-
gers, that he flyes into Gulcundah, contrary to Bacherchans expectation
who defired battell. The King of Gulcunda receives him with counter-
feit welcome, and attends him (where he paffes) with 12000 horfe, pre- Gulcunda.
tending to fafeguard him ; butCurroon ſaw it was rather to fecure his Dya-
mond mynes, (at that tyme open) too prevalent a bait for his needy Army.
Melec Amber with leffe fufpition and more fubtilty (heartily glad of his re-
bellion, thereby debelitating the Mogul, and fecuring his owne Monar-
chy) fends an Ambaffadour to Curroon, well attended, with letters of
much affection, and plenty of money and other neceffaries; with an in-
vitation into Decan, where at all affayes he ſhould command his fervice.
Curroon rejoyces in this fun-fhine of happineffe, and accepts his motion :
but after three moneths commorance in that country, weary of idleneffe,
he projects the recovery of his old Eparchy of Brampore, and fo without
longer advice bids Amber farewell, and with ten thousand horfe divided
amongſt Abdulchan, Mahumet Tackhieck and Iacup-chan, thewes himfelfe
before Brampore, but is forbid entrance by Radgee Ruftan fet there by
Sultan Perwees; which fo inrages Curroon, that after he had breathed out
a thouſand fruitleffe curfes and threats, he affalts the wals with incredible
hafte and violence,but is alſo ſo churlishly compenfated by valiant Ruftan,
that with great loffe he retreats to Chan-channaes `curious gardens there to
ruminate:howbeit,Abdul-chan is ſo tranſported with flame,that he mounts
againe and advances with his Standard; yet in the meridian of his hopes
is dejected by valiant Rustang and forced to fill the ditch with carcaffes of
his too forward followers. Mahomet Tackieck at twilight tryes his defte-
ny, and chardges fo furioufly and fo clofe, that in defpight he mounts the
wall, and is fo bravely backt by his owne regiment, that in ſmall tyme
he takes the principall cittadell or fortreffe, and on many parts of the
wall florifht his colours in figne of victory, and as a call to Abdulchan to
to fecond him; but Abdul (poyfoned with envy to fee a Merchants fonne
poffeffor of fo much glory,) forbeares to fuccor him, fo that this heroick
Capraine (too farre ingaged) is affayled by Ruftan Atfet-chan and freſh
troopes fo long, and with fuch egernelle, that all his company are cut in
peeces, and Mahomet ftruck dangerously in his eye, yea (after as much
proofe of dexterity and valour as was poffible) is taken and imprifoned.
In this baſe ſort (the ſecond tyme) has Abdul-chan forfetted Curroon the
victory, yet keepes the knowledge in his owne breaft, and goes unpuniſh-
ed: whiles Sultan Perwees and Mahobet-chan continue their queft, and
receiving notice of the fiege of Brampore,they haft thither, with chan Alen,
Radjea Stertfing, and a great Army of Rafhpoots; but Curroon (premo-
N 3
niſhed
94-
LIB.I
Practice against Mahobet-cawn.
nifhed) ſeeing no good likely to bee done, arifes and falls towards Bella-
guate, in the way attempting vainely Haffer; but miffing it, redelivers
Rentas alfo into his enemies hands, and once more vifits Melec Amber at
Rerki in Deçan cloathed in his old fad habit of miſfortune.
Haffer, (five courfes from Brampore as you paffe to Agray, the ftrong-
eft, and in all advantages the beft defended Caftle through Chandis)
is built upon the top of a moft high and precipitious Mountaine, wall'd
by Nature, and capable to feed and lodge forty thouſand horie: within,
are fprings of wholfome water, by vertue whereof the people are infi-
nitly inriched; the earth alfo is excellently fruitfull in hearbs and corne
and what elſe is requirable for defence or pleaſure : upon all fides are
mounted great Ordinance of braffe, about fix hundred, here placed by
the laſt King of Gufurat : but one difcommodity is commixed, making all
the other delights relifh unfeaſonably; Wormes ingendring in the legges
and thighs of fuch as drinke the water; but lately noted; and which on-
ly gave Ecbar conqueft of this Caftle, otherwife inexpugnable.
Langheer the great Mogul rejoyces at the feverall victories his fon Per-
wees and Mahobet-cawn are crowned with : and to expreffe how well hee
took it,o bferving the valour & loyalty of Ganna-zied-cawn, (lately made
Viceroy of Kabul) calls him to Court, expreffes his good will in variety
of complements,and more then fo, addes five thousand horfe to his com-
mand, and under feale makes him Governour of Bengala, of all the Pro-
vinces of Indoftan moft famous, rich, and populous: Bengala, is a Province
in India, fpacious, noble, and fruitfull; peopled with Mahometans and
Idolaters, addict to Mars and Merchandize: reaſonable in fhape and co-
lour: well cloathed, extreamly luftfull; jealous, crafty, and fufpicious:
the ground is redundant in good Townes, Caftles, fruits, flowers, corn,&c.
mellowed by Ganges, which in two great branches flowes thorow her,
and 200 miles afunder, at 23 degrees,commixes with the Ocean.
Normal and Affaph-cawn caſt a ſquint eye upon Ganna-zied-cawns,
new glory,wiſhing fit occafion to eclipfe it; and only for that he was fon
to Mahobet;no other reafon cauſed it:they are no trewands in the ſchoole
of miſchiefe, and in the firſt place, to plot more mischievously, and af-
front Mahobet (whoſe miſeries are now broaching) they get the old Mogul
to command Mahobet without delay, to ſend Ganganna the Captaine, un-
to Agra,Mirza-Arebdeftoa-cawn (one of Normals creatures) delivers the
meffage, and Mahobet (loth to fhew any example of difobedience, though
he knew langbeer abuſed, and this a meere plot of his confufion) lets him
go, who forthwith begins to chatter and fpit his utmoft malice againſt Ma-
hobet, exhibiting many falfe complaints, and incenfing as much as poffible
the old Mogul againſt his innocent Champion: that hee had moft unjuftly
put to death his fonne and others of his kindred, out of malice; yea, after
he had voluntarily left Curroon to ſerve in the Kings Armie. Thefe ac-
cufations wrought fomewhat in the credulous jealoufic and weakneffe of
the old Mogul; but more, when from the feeds of hafte and diftraft fown
by Ganna in the heart of Perwer, by his letter he intreats his Father to call
Mahobet, a detractor of his glory, and ambtious to ingulph the Monarchy.
This fo confirmes the Mogul, that without more difpute or memory of
his
LIB. I Mahobet-cawn in difcontent leaves the Army. 95
his former ſervices, hebeleeves Gangannas reports no longer malicious,
but preſently condemnes him of pride and ingratitude, gives his com-
mand to Cawn Iehan, and commands him home to receive his defervings.
Fraude perit virtus, Mahobet admires the villany of Ganganna, and Noor-
mall; and thinkes (by the purity of his owne confcience) it is impoffible
his Mafter ſhould really beleeve fuch imputations; till remembring his
dotage upon Normal and her inveterate spleen, hee grants it; but refolves
to take another courfe till time might delucidate his innocency; and
therefore as his love and dutie bound him, hee goes to Prince Permees to
bid farewell; but when hee perceived him fo ftrangely altered, fo coy and
ſtately, it welnigh ftruck him dead with forrow and amazement (an
excellent ſympathy and union, till Genganna diſſolv'd it, having beene
till then betwixt'em :) fo that with a fad heart, and tormented eyes, he
leaves the Camp, but carries along with him the hearts and courages of
all the Army. From Brampore hee goes; many gueffe, but none (no not
himſelfe) knowes whither his fortune led him: at length by advice of
his best friends (that affured him if hee went to Court, hee fhould at leaſt
bee branded with the name of Traytor) hee travels to his Caftle of Ran-
tampore, refolving to purge his honour by letter and proofe to Iangheer,
and tofafegard himselfe from the fpite of Normal and all his enemies.
The difcord of Perwees, Mahobet, and Normal, founds fweetly in Cur-
roons eares; hoping by the confufion of them all, to ground ftedfaſtly his
owne ambitious practiſes: and perceiving his old Father ſo taken with fan-
taſmes and apparitions of love, he refolves to practife deceit, and in the
Moguls weakneffe to fix the ftrength of his confpiracies: he prefents him
by Godgee Iehan (a crafty man, and Tutor to his two fonnes) à letter neat-
ly pend, but dictating nothing fave hypocrifie and fubmiftion : hee knew
alfo the greedy appetite of his Father after gold and rarities, and there-
fore addes a pifhcafh of rare coignes, a hundred choife Elephants, and
fome portraits hee borrowed from the Portugals. They are all well taken;
his fonnes refpected, and word is fent him from Affeph-caws of hopes to
re-ingraft him. In the meane time, Madoffer-cawn at Lahore receives the
government or Provoſtſhip of Agra, from Caffem-cawns pride, who was
placed there upon his marriage which Moviffan-begem fifter to the Queen,
but is ſo impatiently digeſted by that ambitious woman, that ſhee ceaſt not
till fhe had got him re-established,
Six yeares paſt, viz. 1618.and of the Heg.998. I told you,how Iangheer
at requeſt of Affaph.cawn took his eldeft fon Gushroo from Anna-Rha-Radia
&Chan Iehan,delivering him to curreon, who finding him a ftumbling block
to the Imperiall Crowne, by Radgee Bandor gets him removed: at that
fame time were committed to that Fratricide, Sha Hoffen and Ethymor
(fonnesto D'haen Shaw his brother who died of drink at Brampere) whom
becauſe hee ſaw towardly, and apt to revenge their Fathers untimely
death, hee was defirous to fend them in that bloody bath, to fudden de-
ftruction; but he durft not perpetrate fuch apparant butchery, perceaving
all mens eyes and expectations after them, and the death of their Father
and Uncle, not a little murmured at : fo that he had no other way to pre-
vent their power and anticipate their claime unto the Empire, but by get-
ting
+
96
LIB. I
bis Sonne fhamefully abuſed.
ting them inftructed in the faith of our bleffed Saviour Chrift, and to bee
baptized; by that trick out of the Alshoran, making them incapable of fo
great an earthly Monarchy, but heyres of a better; for, virtus locum habet
inter aftra. After this, he ever led them with him to keep them the ftri&t.
lier, till fuch time as he was vanquifht at Elabas by Ruftan-cawn: for then
Ethamore escapes to Perwees, and thence to Lahore where his Vncle en-
tertaines him gladly, and marries him to B'har Bannoo Begem his daughter:
and at Curroons next flight from Brampore, Huffen alfo flies to Radgee
Rustang,and thence to his brother, where hee lived fafely and more
honoured.
Mahobet-cawn at his Caſtle at Rantampore (practizing to digeft his af-
A.M.5595.
fronts with patience) receives a peremptorie command from Iangheer (Nor-
A.D.1625. malImight fay) to yeeld up his boufe to the Queene, who had given the
A.H.1005. keeping of it to Bacher-cawn his enemy, and that hee fhould pack into
Orixa to his fonne the Lieftenant there. The meffage is fo tart and fent to
one (then whom none more) impatient of injuries, that hee returnes his
Mafter the Mogul this reply, he was ready (as a thouſand times former-
ly) to ſpend his life and goods to do him ſervice, but would never ſtoope
to the lure of his inveterate enemies; he was ready to account the reaſon,
but upon condition hee might bee free from the tallons of his rammage
foes, whom he faw ready to prey upon him: with this anſwer the Poft re-
turnes, with newes alſo, that Abdul-cawn (either weary of fuch vagaries,
Abdul cawn or that hee faw the winde of Curroons good fortune averfe, or doubting
Leaves Cur- his former envie might undo him) for fome of theſe, or all, flies from
Toons party, Curroon, and by Cawn Iehan at Brampore with Perwees is joyfully wel
comed.
Iangheer wonders at Mahobet cawns prefumption, but Mahobet no leffe
admires his ingratitude.But after much perfwafion of his kindred & friends
about him, hee affumes freſh courage, and attended by five thousand vo-
luntary Rafhboots, iffues from his Caftle,and through Raffanwer journeyes
to Lahore, refolving to make his owne defence to Tangheer, then removing
to Kabul, or dy in doing it. The Queene and Affaph-cawn have notice of
his intent, but fearing his force, and that (if hee had any private diſcourſe
with Iangheer) hee would re-ingratiate himſelfe, they make the Mogull
fet to his feale to what they had indited, the command being that Mahobet
ſhould come in perfon,attended only with fome few of his choyce friends
to cleare his infamy: but hee finels their craft, and in his place, fends his
fonne in law to make his excufe, and to treat upon furer tearmes than if
he had gone in perfon: with a willing heart this young Gallant undertakes
it, and at his first entrance into the Lefcar (without ever ſeeing the Mo-
gul) hee is made to diſmount his Elephant by the Queenes order, is dif
roabed of his bravery, and clad in nafty ragges; is after that moſt miſe-
rably chabuck't, or beat upon the foles of his feet with canes or rattans,
bare-headed (the greateſt fhame poffible) fet backward upon a carrion
Jade, with kettle-Drums led through the Army, and made a ſcoffe to all
that raſcall multitude; overjoyed, they had this good occafion to mani-
feſt their hate upon the Idea of Mahobet.cawn and to delight the Em-
preffe.
Mahobet-cawn
•
LIB. I
97
Queene Normalls Army beaten.
Mahobet-cawn is quickly certified of his fons difgrace, and that Iangheer
knew it not; he queftions not who, the whole Country blaming Normall
and Ganganna for fuch barbarifme: in it, hee fees their hate and his owne
mifery, if he had harkened to their oaths for fafety to come weakly ac-
companied and now (more than ever, diſcovering the Queenes ambi-
tion to advance her fonne and Affaph-cawn Curroon, guarding themſelves
with a conſtant Army of thirty thouſand horfe, violently feazing the Mo-
guls treaſure and in all affaires abufing his authority and greatneffe, with
other indignities apparant to all the Empire) he incourages himselfe, not
regarding the hatefull epethite they branded him with in their Proclama-
tion;his innocency to Iangheer and zeale to Bullochy (next heire undoubted
to the Crowne) re-animating him; fo that after he had fent his old Mafter
the Mogul a fhort, but pithy Apologie of his contempt, and portrayed
the villany they offered his fonne; he furveighs his Army,gives ftrict com-
mand to offer no violence to Iangheer or his Tent, and with twenty
thouſand valiant Rafhboots paffes on to finde out Normalls Army and the
Lefcar, at that time confifting of above soooo men: by accident part at
that inftant went by, led by Eradet-cawn; and the refidue paffed the river
Phat, conducted by Godgee Abdul Huffan, in hope to finde Mahobets Army
unprepared, but in vaine; for that experienced warrior knew hee fhould
want no ftratagems to deftroy him, and therefore ſlept the Lions fleepe,
with the eyes of prevention alwayes open; and now finding the advan-
tage his, gives the word unto his Camp, and with an undaunted heart
charges Eradet firft, and circles his troops with fuch ſpeed and order,that
in leffe than two houres (ere Abdul Huffan got over all his men) hee not
only dif ordered, but flew above fix thousand men, filling the refidue
with fuch feare, that each fled for his owne fafety; but unluckily; the flood
withont mercy fwollowed moft of them,both dangers equally fo confoun-
ding them,that with gafhly lookes and loud outcries,fuch as eſcaped made
knowne the horror of their confli&; fo that the other part of Normalls
Army ſtood ſtill; till by Aſſaph-cawn, Abdul Huſſes, and other Umbraves,
they are cheered up, and prepare to encounter the rebells, who with
Mahobet their Generall were come in front, and with victory in their fore-
heads (regarding neither their greatneffe nor multitude)rufh couragionfly
on their adverſaries, for five houres giving and receiving blowes, each
fide equally heated with rage, and inflamed with defire of conqueft. The
Queenes Army were fresh and excellently fitted,but by the overthrow of
Eradet their companion not a little amazed; Mahobets men, though come
from farre, yet of a more warlike conftitution, and led by a fecond Mars,
were hopefull of mighty gaine and glrory; fo that in the end, Normals fide
gave back, well beaten, and unable any longer to abide the heavie ſtrokes
of their Iron adverfaries; Affaph-cawn flies up and downe like a diſtracted
man; upbraiding, intreating, and ufing all meanes poffible to re-incourage
them;but feare had flaine them,the Rafhboots fwords had flafht too much
terror amongſt them to revive againe; fo that with a fad heart, upon his
Arabian Courfer he flies away, with Mirza Abentila his fonne, to a Caſtle
not farre diftant thence, but by accident are eſpied and chaſed by Mir ſa
Byrewer (Mahobets third fonne) and are forced out, and fhackled in filver
O
fetters,
1
98
The great Mogull taken prisoner. LIB. I
譬
​fetters, are alſo brought to Attack and there kept, whiles Mahobet-cawn
and his Army galloping in the Aire of good fortune beat downe the
Queenes forces, at that time more willing to die than fight; ſo that with-
out more let, they proclaime themſelves Lords of India, and prey upon
infinite riches of all forts in the Lefcar now ſcattered and triumphed
over. The old Mogul(not ſcared with Bellona brazen noyſe and clangor)
was found fleeping, yea luld in Morpheus golden bed, till by Mahobet-
camn hee is awaked and affured of his welfare; upon a ftately Elephant
they conveighed him to Attack,leaving flaine behind him twelve thoufand
men, and many Umbraves of note, Mirza Caffem, Radgee Doola Abdul-
Gallec, Abdul Samet, Mirchan, Godgee Shawarchan and others : and taken
prifoners, fangheer, Queene Normall, Affaph-cawn, Mirza Abontila his fon,
Sultan Bullochy, Sultan Sheriar, Sha Ethimore, Sha Hoffen, Eradet-cawn
Mokendafshan, Mocrib cawn, and Molena Mahomet; all which, to the amaze-
ment of the world, are led priſoners to Kabull to expect the pleaſure of
their conquerour. Now, is Mahobet-cawn elevated upon the majeſtick
chariot of command and glory: yet refolves in no fort to derogate from
the fplendor of his Maſter, his only aime being to cleare his honour
from ſcandall, and to retaliate his enemies what in his friends hee had for-
merly fuffered. Normall (now clouded with fhame and mifery) is brought
forth, and by the monſter multitude exclaimed on; ſo that by affent of
Mahobet and many other Umbraves ſhe is cenfur'd to be beheaded. Nog
till then did fhee perceive the thorny path fhee had too long walked in,
nor meditated upon the mutability of Fortune, nor till then could the
frame her ambitious heart to feare or fervitude. But feeing no remedy,
fhe armes her felfe with patience, and craves a farewell of her Lord, to
whom after much ado fhe is admitted, where the proftrates her felfe cloa-
thed in fo much forrow & repentance,that Tangheer melts into compaffion,
and intreats Mahobet for her freedome. The requeft feemes grievous unto
Mahobet, but loath in any thing to diſcontent him, or fhew difloyalty, hee
condiſcends, Normall is pardoned and fet at liberty, and becomes more in-
raged by this his lenity and complement: the refidue of the royall priſo-
ners are uſed with all refpect and nobleneffe; Erader, and Molena Mahomet
excepted, who by too much rigor are inraged and Molena died. Zadoc-
cawn ſped beft, for before the fight (upon fome occafion iarring with his
brother Aſſaph-cawn,) he fled to Mahobet, and is for his ſervice made Vice-
Toy of Lahore, and Caffem-cawn (by mediation of Moweza-begem his
wife, fifter to the Queene) reftored to his government of Agray,and Ma-
daffor-cawn displaced; fo that now, Mahobet (wayes Induſt'an, till by vi-
ciffitude of time hee decayes, and all things are redacted to better order
and exiſtence.
Curreon, is at this time in Decan lurking till hee might efpie fome
good advantage to recover his loft fame, and once more ſhake off the dif
honourable Title of a Rebellious exile: but when newes is brought him
from Aſſaph-caun, of the almoſt incredible change the Empire had, and
with what a difmall vayle it was then inveloped, his Father and Fatherin
law being in ſuch baſe ſubjection, Sultan Bulloch and Prince Daniels fonnes
imprisoned, and his owne two fonnes with Godghee Iehan their governour
brought
(
LIB. I
99
Delly.
brought alſo to Mahobet by tyme-ſerving Madoffer-chan to abide his mercy.
He diſputes not what Mahobet meant,but what had hapned; ſo that,exafpe-
rated with a thouſand fancies,he gives Melec Amber many thanks, and with
Radgee Rhyem's fonne and 12000 horfe he paffes (under leave) Rana's ter-
ritories, and at laſt comes to Afmeer, intending fuddenly to furprize Agra,
and proclayme himselfe King: but his defigne by Radgees fudden death is
prevented, halfe his company forfaking him; whereat, doubting fome
treachery in the Afmerians (into fuch hate is robbing and other difor-
ders had brought him) and that Mabobet -chan had fent fome force againſt
him, and Sultan Perwees alfo had ambuſht for him, he makes hafte to Tat-
ta, hoping upon conqueft thereof to command the river Indus and Cam-
baya; at his incamping afore it,the Captaine Xeriph Melec fends him word,
he had order to keep him out,and that if he attempted it,he ſhould receive
the entertainment of an enemy. He fends him word back againe, he was
fonne unto his King; Melec confeffes it, and a rebell; Carroon regreets
him, he came to defie Mahobet-chan and to bring deliverance to his fa-
ther; Melec anſwers, rather by all their confufions to grafpe the Dya-
dem. Curroon fees his fickle ftanding and deplores his folly, but by Der-
ra-chan is incouraged; after which he affaults the Citty in great bravery,
but is beat off;& next day returning with more rage, Melee forfakes the fort,
iffues upon them, kills Derra-chan and 300 men, and forces Curroon (to his
old ſhift) to flie to Delly; but finding no welcome there, hafts with his
chaffed troopes to Baker ( twixt Lahore and the fea)to breath a while.
DELLY is the name of a City and Province of late belonging to
the Poran Kings; but at this day is under the Imperiall crown of Induſtant:
the citty now in being, is antient, large and pretty beautifull; fuch ap-
pearing in that variety of antick Monuments and Tombes of above 20
Kings and great ones there inhumed; admired by Travellers, and adored
by infinite troopes of fuperftitious Indians. Not a little famous alfo in that
Piramyd three myles diftant (in old Delly, where lies buried King Ho-
mayon grandfather to Tangheer) by frame and infcription fpeaking Alex
ander; at what tyme (as now) Delly was the Mausoleum of many Poten-
tates: new Delly is wald about,but with ſmall fecurity; is watred by part of
leming, over which we enter upon a twelfve archt bridge, which from a
little fpring in theſe mountaines drills to Agra,and after a great increaſe
(in many meanders) at Prage flowes into Ganges, and with her, runnes
in two mouthes 200 myles afunder, into the Bengalan gulfe at 22 degrees
of North latitude.
Melec Amber, ſo foone as Curroon was parted,(to get affection from Pera
nees alfo) gives liberty without treaty or ranſome to Lafker-chan, Ebre-
hem Hoffen and Mirza Manout-ſher, and with a convoy leaves them at
Brampore. The fame moneth Mahobet-chan received 26 leck of roopees
from Channezeid-chan his fonne vice-roy of Bengala, which he extracted as
annuall rent our of Pattane,Soughtar;Banaras, Sonargan,and Chatigan, rich
and well peopled Citties upon Ganges; as alfo out of Sondiva (an ille 20
leagues from Catigan) than which is none more fruitfull in India. Ian-
gheer alſo removing from Chabull to Lahore, by Normalls perfwafion
condefcends to the flaughter of fuch Rafhboots as Mahobet had mixed
O 2
with
roo
LIB. I
Iangheer eſcapes.
with his own guard; and after that to deftroy Mahobet,ere he received any
fupply of men from his kinfmen Chan-Alem and Radgee Rustang then
comming towards him: and for her part, to ſecond him and leave no-
thing undone or unattempted that might conduce to the execution of
fuch great defignes, the empties all her husbands coffers, and hyres men
from all places to ferve her; fo that Ouripargan Viceroy of Baffowere
brings her sooo horfe, Godgee-Tzera 3000, Madoffer-chan 12000, and of
her owne 19000 more: hoping alſo that Fedi-chan(fled from the battell of
Atteck into the deferts of Thombel to Radgee Ghomanoo) would affociate
her: but he was fo affraid of Mahobets fierce encounters, that he would
no more of them; but went to Perwees at Brampore, to whom(by a com-
mendatory letter from Rajea-Bertzingh) he is welcome. Mahobet-chan
(ignorant of Langheers, confederacy) has notice of the Queens pro-
ject and forces, and is not amated; but with a conftant bravery goes on to
fight with her. In the way (at his Mafters requeft) he ufes Affaph-chan
and his fonne with more refpe&t than formerly. Normall alfo haftens to-
wards him, having fent her fonne Sheryar to Labore with 8000 horſe to
fecure that Imperiall city agaiuft Mahobet. In his paffage, by great good
hap he chances upon Sultan Bullochy and the two chriftned Princes, whom
he reſcued; and got fo privately and with fuch hafte into Lahore, that
without reſiſtance moſt of the Rafhboots were cut off, and the caſtle
mann'd with the Queens Army. Iangheer allo, rowfed out of his long
fleep playes his part; for being come to Kheed within 8 myles of Normall
and her Army, (and having at all tymes the freedome of hunting, hauk-
ing, and fuch like paftime, he makes it his advantage) efcapes, and is joy-
fully welcomed by the Queen, who (crying out Membarick) impales
him in her armes, and cryes for joy; then, gives prefent order to march
on to affaile the Traytors.
Mahobet-chan(like all other motions, when at higheft, defcend) quickly
knowes of langbeers flight,and is not fo grieved at his being gone, as in the
manner, intending never to withhold him longer than he fancied: yet
the revolt of 5000 of his men did not a little trouble him: howbeit, per-
ceiving his enemyes were approaching, and that it was no fit 'tyme to
dwell upou circumftances, he apparrells himselfe in a rich and tryed
coat of mayle, and with his fhield and ſpeare fpurs up in view of the
Moguls Lefcar; where, by all fignes he perceives the Mogulls affection
eftranged; he fighes at it, and returnes, orders his army, and after a
fhort Oration goes on in front to begin the combat. Ere the Battell be-
gan, Balant-chan affronts him with a peremptory Meffage from the King, to
this effect; that if he defired to be thought loyall, he ſhould expreffe it by
releaſing Affaph-chan and the other Umbraves whom he kept impri-
foned; by whoſe mediation he might peradventure obteine pardon for
fuch his high rebellion: Mahobet-chan knowes it was Normalls device,
yet loth in any thing to diftate the King, fends him a proteft of his zeale'
and loyalty, and that fo foon as he came to the river Behed, his defires fhould
be accomplished: fo, he arifes, and at the place prefigned, calls for Aaph-
chan and his fonne; fhewes him he had power to confound him, but his
vertue ſwayed him to another end; which fayd, he not only pulls away
his
LIB. I
101
Affaph-cawn releaſed.
his markes of fervitude,but vefts him with rich and princely roabes,mounts
him upon his beſt courfer, girds him with a pretious blade, and with a
convoy of eight hundred horſe preſents him to Court, his farewell onely
poynting to remember him. Iangheer receives him with teares of love,
but Normall with fupercilious looks and words of difdaine, upbraiding
him with cowardize that durft not attend her tyme or depend upon her
power to force him from a rebell the both ſcornd and hated. Affaph-chan
Jaments her lunacy, but is affraid to contrary her; yet both in good will
and private diſcourfe at any tyme with the King, he ſpeaks well of Mahobet
and labours his reconciliation.
The affaires of Induftant fubje& to this variety, poffeffes all mens minds
with aſtoniſhment. Whiles Iangheer and his beloved Amazon with the
Lefcar paffe on to Lahore to adviſe with Sherier, and to reduce all Majeſty
(too long divellicated) to the proper ftation: But what pleaſure can the
contemplation of her reviving glory afford her, fo long as Mahobet her
mortall Enemie lives unpunifhed? fhee knowes not why thee is intituled
fole Empreffe of beft parts of Afia,Commandreffe of fo much men and trea-
fure, fo long as Mahobet an obfcure Rafhboote dares eclipfe her fplendor,
and travell too and fro unrefifted, guarded with fuch applaufe and popu
larity: ſhee ruminates a thouſand ſeverall forts of revenge, but by too
much choiſe knowes not which to faften on: the fureft and moft honou-
rable is by warre, and thereupon calls Amet-chan, (Brahim-chans cozen)
Zeffer-chan, Nouradin-Cooly, Anna Rha Radia,Emyrchan, Mircomyr, Immir-
Za Ruſtan, and other Nobles, defiring them to haften Mahobets deftruction,
an imployment wherein they ſhould finde a gratefull remuneration. Each
man promiſes his beft endeavour, and with fifteene thouſand horſe
joyntly on to attempt it: in the first place (hearing of fome treaſure his
fonne Zaedchan had fent him out of Bengala) they ambufh neere Cheban-
Chebaed (a Caſtle of ftrength) and break out upon the Raſhboots that then
were no more but eight hundred valiant men, who fold their money at a
deere rate, two thousand of Normalls men giving their lives for it and for
her ambition; but by their multitude were at laft defeated, and moſt of
them flaughtered; leaving 26 lack or 2600000 rupees to their avarice,
which was brought to Lahore, and there fome part given for falary,the reſt
was coffered.
goe
Ganganna, (Chan-Channa fome men call him, bythis time recovered) by
bribery and great braggs is made Generall of Normalls Forces. Mahobet-
chan is not troubled at it; but the revolt of his wild fonne Byrewer afflicts
him fadly. This young Gallant had no fooner triumphed over Alfaph-can,
whom he delivered to his Father (as is ſpoken of) but with three thoufand
horfe (his Father had made him Coronell of) hee is intreated to affaile
Radgea Tzetterfingh at Nornon his Enemy; but not regarding his Fathers
inftruction, turnes another way by Bengor to force his Fathers Caſtle of
Rantipore; but in vaine, for Motzaibchan the Captaine fufpe&ting him, fools
him with faire words, and breakes his forces; and Beyrewer flying thence, is
by Ray Ruttang at Bondy taken and impriſoned.
langheer finding his thoughts free, and refreſht by many new delights
his youthfull Queene each day invented for his recreation, forgets the re-
bellion
102
LIB. I
Chytor.
Mahobet-
cawn turnes
Eremite.
bellion of Curroon, and his late adverfity; yea,gives his lafcivious mind full
fcope, and involves himselfe with the effeminate roabes of floth and
wantonneffe: but in the plenitude of thofe his joyes,the glory of his eftate
growes cloudy, and his motion whirles into a malignant Orbe, by the dif
confolate Newes hee receives from Brampore of his beloved fonnes death.
His eyes grow dim, his heart turnes leady, and all conceits of pleaſure re-
lifh unfavourie when the departure of Perwees objects it felfe, and thoſe
hopes and comforts he had in him,feeme fantaſticall. Genfbroo and Sha Da-
niel are dead; Permees is now no more: Sha Ethimore and Huffen his grand
children made Chriftians: Bullochy is a child: Sheriare a foole, and Cur-
room the very eye-fore of his conceptions; a rebell, wilde, proud, greedy,
treacherous, and deceitfull: himſelfe was old, and at his death the Empire
fubject to innovation or domeftick confumption: in theſe and fuch like do-
lorous cogitations Iangheer fpends the weary minutes of his life, till death
ultima pœna (as they call it) fummons him in few moneths after to the
refignation of his life and Empire: Whiles Mahabet Chamn chawes the af-
flicting newes alſo of Prince Perwees his dear b. Twixt whom (forgetting
Gangannas trechery) was moſt exact friendſhip and fympathie. He fees (in
him) the privation of all his joyes, the hopes he had in his fucceffion anni-
hilated, and the ambition of Normall and Affaph Cam (fufpected to have
poyfoned him) ingendring to a monftrous height; fo that bidding farewell
to the world and all other fociety and imployments, he contracts himfelfe
to privacie and folitude, feeding upon contemplation of what had paſt, and
the lubricity of terreftriall pleaſures, vaine-glory, and other vanities:
he forfakes his ftrong and delightfull Caftle Rantampore, and through Zia-
lor comes to Radgee Zirmol, and under licence fixes at Zirmol where hee
anchorites.
But Curroones ayre fwells with Chymaraes, now more than ever af-
fecting the Empire, none but children interpofing him: hee knew his Fa-
thers affection was cafily recovered, and Affeph Kawn his reftleffe projector
carefull to ftate him in the chaire of Majefty: fo that, arm'd with confi-
dence and accompanied with forty Elephants and fifteene hundred horſe-
menhe leaves Bakar, Chytor, Tutta; and through Tefel, Chobager, and Ec-
cliffer, comes to Maffer Thormet in Decan, where Melec receives him with
all joy,and adds to his troopes foure thouſand horſe with promiſe of forty
thouſand more to affift him upon any good occafion.
CHYTOR (in mid-way 'twixt Brempore and Adfmeer) is yet aCitiesjuft-
ly clayming precedencie for antiquity amongst all the Cities of Indya. It
was formerly called Taxila, and that Metropolis whence King Porus iffued
againſt great Alexander; Ranna Radgee Mardoot lineally defcended from
him, of late yeeres and (till by intreaty of Sultan Curroon Anno 1614. he
came to Agra, and in flight fort did fome obeylance) here foveraignizing
and in Oodipore. The Citie is at this day but meanly beautifull,three-miles
in compaffe,not a third part of what was formerly. Time and war have fur-
row'd her, not onely difroabing her of her bravery in buildings where men
inhabited, but in huge Temples of Idolatry, the ruines of above a hundred
(once lofty in faftidious Turrets) to this day remaining, of ftone; ftrong,
good, white, and well polisht, rare and obfervable; now inhabited by
Storks
1
LIB.I
102
The Decans Victory,
Storks, Owles, Batts,and like birds,of whom the fuperftitious people have
no fmall efteeme and veneration: the North pole is elevated in that place
twenty five degrees. This Province is bounded by Cambaya on the South,
by Chandys on the North; by Berar Eaft, and on the Weft the Ocean: re-
turne we to our Hiſtory.
Gannapa
dies.
Ganganna, felfe conceited by his late honour and imployment againſt
Mahobet-cawn (whom hee verily thought had left the fociety of men for
feare of him, refolves to ferret him, but) in the mid'ft of his bravadoes
and hopes is arrefted by grim death, and his carkaffe conveighed to Delly,
to be intombed amongft his great Anceſtors. At that time, lacont-cawn
an Umbrave of grea: wealth, honour and experience, commanding eight
thouſand horſe to ſerve Curroon, by many affronts without caufe put upon
him by Mirzaladin Melecks fonne, is inflamed with rage,and flies to Chan Ie
han Generall of Prince Perwee's Army at Brampere, who receives him
with joy, and by his exafpiration, with foure hundred Elephants and forty
thouſand horſe make hafte to Bellagate (the widdow and child of Sultan
Perwees being committed to the care of Lefcarcawn,) where they ufe all
extremities of warre, fpoyling, burning, and captivating all they had a
minde; to and by rare chance, intercepting fome letters from Godgee Hef Abdul cawn
Sarg,they discover Abdul-cawn (whom fome call Abdulla-cawn) (the wea-
thercock of thofe times) his intent,to turne from the Kings party and re-
diſgrac't.
tvtue to Curroon: hee is convicted, his eftate confifcate, his honour re-
verſt, himſelfe manacled, cald the darling of inconftancy, and upon an
Elephant in difgracefull fort from the Army fent to Brampore, where by
Lafcar-cawn hee is imprifoned. This done, they enter Decan with all
ſpeed, and pierce moft fortunatly into the midſt of Melecks Kingdome,
doing what they pleaſed without oppofition; fo that after fix weekes
hoftility, they returne loaden with abundance of wealth, and over-joyed
with their eafie victory. But (when they thought themſelves moſt fure)
Melec prefents himſelfe in an advantagious place with eighty thouſand
men,incircling them on the one fide, & the ftupendious hills on the other,
ſo that ſurrounded with amazement, and clad with black ragges of difcon-
tent, they incamp; not daring to hazard the fight, or by ftratagem break
out to hazard their deliverance; but in that miferable fort are lockt up,
the Decan at on time offending them, till by famine finding no pleaſure in
their riches(where no meat on fure tearmes was to bee purchafed) they
were conſtrained to parle and fubmit,affured only of their lives, ftript out
of all their wealth and bravery, returning with more hame than they had
honour formerly.
Iangheer the great Mogull, has advertiſement of this variable fucceffe,
but knowes not how to alter it; nor cares hee much, the death of Perwees
fo poffeffes him:yet,Normall ceafes not to pursue her revenge againſt Mako-
bet; and finding him fo hard to be dealt withall,begins with Channa-zeid-
cawn his valiant fonne,whom thee recalls home and places Mocrib-cawn in
his command, over five thousand horfe and twelve thouſand men; but
he had ſmall joy of his greatnes,for in leffe than three weekes being there,
by accident (failing over Ganges) the boat is over-turned, he drowned, and
Fedi-cawn is made Viceroy of Bengala and Malacca after him: during
which
104
LIB. I
An ambaſſage to the Mogull.
which Langheer being at Lahore, an Ambaſſador Ziet Borka by name, arrives
with prefents and commends from the King of Maurenabar (or Manauwer)
accompanied with the only Oracle and wonder of his time Hodgee-Abdul
radgee (brother to Chejea Callaun)admired by all,and reforted to by many
forts of Tartars from Bochar, Tuza, Balck, Samerchand, Gaznahen, and
other parts, none of which came empty-handed, fo that in fmall time this
Monck was comparable in riches with moft Potentates of Afia. Hee is
brought into Lahore with incredible joy and admiration, all the Umbraves
of the Court (Aaph-cawn excepted) attending him, and was no fooner
lodged, but is preſented from the Queene with a goblet of pure gold,
maffic and of curious work, with fo many Jewels as out-valued a lac of
roupees. Theſe he accepts moft cheerefully, and ſcorning to be behind
in courtefie, returnes her and her Lord, five hundred Dromidaries, fwift
and beautifull, one thouſand horſes of an exdellent good fhape and breed;
fome porcellan and other Chyna rarities: the Ambaffador alfo prefents
the Mogull a double of fuch, 2000 horfes,one thouſand Dromidares, fome
fword blades, and other gifts of value, fo great, that the report went,ne-
ver any Ambaffador came fo richly furnished, was better entertained, or
went away more fatisfied: Never let any Ambaffadorthinke himſelfe wel-
cometo any Afiatick Prince, that brings nothing for a prefent, fave com-
plement, for not any Native dare petition, either the Mogull, or any of
his great ones, without a prefent.
Yet is not Normall fuited with content, fo long as Mahobet mad fru-
ſtrate her vowes to have him ruined: her power ſeems ſmall, her indea-
vours idle, ſeeing (as fhe thought) his eafe was in contempt of her; ſo that
her thoughts project, her dreames fancie feverall waies for his deftructi-
on: it gladded her in part to fee his fonne Zeid came out of imployment,
and at Court (by fuch as adored her) fcorn'd and confronted, howbeit,
by Affaphs meanes Tangkeer affects him; yea Normall (had not the over-
flowing hate fhe bore his Father hindred her) had doubtleffe become amo-
rous, and made him in Cupids Court, langheers competitor; but ſpight
ore fwayes her, and revenge predominates; fhe calls Amirchan, Nouradri
Cooly, and Hemyr beg her minions, to whom ſhe diſcovers her defires, and
intreats their diligence: they obey, and promiſe their care and faithful-
neffe, and with fifteene thouſand horfe advance to fight with him (whiles
Normall and the King journey to Caßimeer) his ne plus ultra: and Aſſaph-
cawn (mindfull of Mahobets kindneſſe to him, loth ſo brave a man fhould
periſh for the luft and malice of a woman, and efpecially by his advantage
to draw him to Curroon) by a ſwift and trufty meffenger, fends him a gra-
cious letter diſcovering his fifters wrath and refolution,and follicits young
Rana Radgee to further him.
The Queenes Army perfecute poore Mahobet, who upon receit of Af-
Saph cawns letter, after fome paffion forfakes his cell in Zirmol, flies to
Geßimeer,and thence to Radgee Rana who ever loved him. The Army has
notice of his flight, they dare not enter Ranas country without leave, and
therefore fend poſt to Queene Normahall, who dictates a letter to Rana,
mixt with intreaties and threats, makes langheer figne it, and after long
and ſwift running is delivered him; Radgee Ranna at firft contemnes her
bravadoes,
LIB.I Mahobet-cawn takes Curroons party.
IOS
•
bravadoes, but upon better confideration promiſes his good-will,but thus ;
he perfwades Mahobet-cawn in no fort to think him either fearfull or trai-
terous, that (if hee pleaſed) he would do his beſt in his defence againſt all
the power and rage of India, yet, fo his judgement were of any force,
(and to indeare Affaph-chawn,)he would perfwade him (fince his Enemies
were ſo powerfull and implacable) to haft unto Curroon, where he ſhould
not only be intirely welcomed, but agrandize his honour fo fuddenly, that
his name would flaſh terrour into the hearts of his moſt potent adverſa-
ries. Mahobet-chan, loth to trefpaffe upon his patience, and by the circum-
ftances of his ſpeech, judging him fearefull of that army, tells him he in-
tended not to be any caufe of loffe or feare to him, or any other in the uni-
verfe;
and ſo mounts to be gone; but Rana will not let him goe,till he pro-
mife him a delivery of a pacquet he had intituled to Curroon. After long
perſwaſion he accords, and with soo Raſhboots, and one thouſand other
men led by Wazir-chan he flyes into Decan, where at Guyneer upon the
limits of Nifamfha's kingdome he findes (urroon;but fo affraid of his fudden
comming, that he inftantly armd his men for oppoſition: yet when he ſaw
the cafe otherwiſe, and had read his pacquet, after fome amazement hee
imbraces him with unfpeakable joy, firmes a perpetuall friendſhip and
gives him command of that caftle and his other forces. All India admire
at this agreement, and Normall (too late) repents her folly.
The mind oft in remorse
May wish the thing undone Rage did inforce.
Qui non moderabitur iræ
Infectum volet cffe dolor quod fuaferit et mens,
Iangheer alfo blames her inconfiderate wrath, and growes fo afflicted at
it, that in a deep Melancholy he forfakes his pleaſures at Caffimeer and re-
moves towards Lahore; but upon the high Mountaines of Bymberrie falls
fick, and at three dayes end, after three and twenty yeares reigne, (to the
aftoniſhment of the Leskar, Normals endleffe forrow, and grief of the whole
Empyre) he dyes (ſuſpected of poyſon) the twelft of October or Ardabe-
hish, in the yeare of our accompt 1627 and of the Hegira 1007: nomina-
ting upon his death-bed his grandfonne Bulloch (fonne of Sultan Gufbroo,
his eldeſt fonne)his fucceffor; he alfo fweares all the Umbraves to fee him
crowned: and that Curroon fhould have no portion nor favour fave what
he might merit by fubmiffion: and accordingly (conveighing the old Mo-
guls dead body to Lahore, where preparing for his funerall they carry it to
Izecander three courfe from Agray and intomb him in King Eckbars Mo-
nument) at Delly they crowne Sultan Bullocky (aged thirteene yeares)
their King, with all royall accuftomed ftate and ceremony:and unanimouf-
ly cry out alowd, Padſhaw Salamant i. e. God fave the King.
Normall in Tangheers end feares the beginning of a world of miferies
in her felfe and progeny ; but being of an active ſpirit and not cafily dif
tracted, fhe inftantly conceives and fwels with the ambition of that Em-
pyre: her pregnancy is bettered by her having the whole Treaſure in her
hands, alfo animated in that Bulloch was too young to nourish oppofition,
his Councell careleffe, and Curroon a huge wayes abfent thence: fo that
taking occafion by the forehead, fhe arms her felfe with confidence
P
and
Iangheer
dyes.
106
LIB. I
Sultan Bulloch crowned Mogull.
and a pretended Title, and refolves to mount her fonne sheriar to the fu-
preame afcent of Majefty, or in the attempt to fet all India on fire and
confume her felf as a facrifice in fo great an action. In this humor fhe hires
15000 horfe,and fends in poft hafte to her fon in Iengapore to levy as many
moe;that done,the thinks to ftrangle her brother and Bullochy at that tyme
comming towards her. But they affured of her bad meaning,leave Chotelen,
& with 30000horfe poft to Lahore to apprehend Sherjar whom they heard
was baffled by Godgee Abdul-Haffen(once his ftipendiary) and then incamp-
ed onely with 4000 horfe: but in the way (to prevent Normalls fpeed after
them) they block up the narrow paffage upon the mountaines through
which her Army muft needs paffe; fo that, ere the Queen could come to
joyne with fimple cherjar; Affaph-chan, Eradet-chan and other Umbraves
with the young Mogul in their company come to Lahore, where they find
Sheryars Army (by the expence of 90000 lac of roopees) trebled. They
delay not, but with extremity of rage affayle him and in two houres (by
villany of Amir-chan and sheirgodgee his chiefe Captaines, who betrayed
him) get the victory; forcing him into the caftle, which for two dayes
kept fafe, but in the third was by treafon entred, his men flaine, his trea-
fure taken, and to make him incapable of future ambition has his eyes put
out, Sultan Bullochy not fuffering him to be killed. That done, they againe
proclayme Bulloch Emperor of Induftant,and Lord of the Moguls;and fend
Eradet with 20000 horſe againſt the Virago Queen; who(hearing how ill
her fonne bad fped and doubting treafon in her Army,) lets fall the Maje-
fty of her ſpirit, fighs at the perfidy of her brother, grieves the flew him
not when the had him in her power, complaynes of her owne wickedneffe
in continuing fo long inraged against Mahobet-chan, deplores her abufing
his valiant fonne,and with a dejected eye,beholding the fudden eclipfe of
her glory,and the inconftancy of her Friends,fhe wraps all up in difmiffing
her guard,and difroabed of her bravery, fubmits to Bullock's mercy; who
comforts her, gives her his oath of fafety,and during his reigne affords her
all refpe&t and freedome.
But long this good Prince injoyes not his foverainty: for, Aſſaph-chan
feeing all as he defired, fpeeds away a fure poft with letters to Curroon, who
made fuch hafte, that in 14 dayes he runne 2500 of our myles, to Daita,
(8 courſe from Necanpore and from Brodera or Radjepore 120 to the Eaft.)
in Decan, there finding him overjoyed with fuch good newes, and fend-
ing his excufe to Melec-Amber the Decan King, hafts on with Mahobet-
chan,Zulpheckar-chas, and 7000 other rafhboots, and mancibdars through
Guzurat to Amadavad, where by Saffin-chan he is welcomed: there hee
flept not long, for making Agra the object of his race, he bids farewell to
Saffin-chan, and with a greater troope (feeding them with great promifes
when he had the crowne) in three weeks travell comes to Agra, where
he claymes the Imperiall Title,and is by his owne favorites proclaymed
King, by name of PotShaw-Iehan: then giving notice to his Father in law
Azaph-chan how farre and with what fucceffe he had travelled, as alfo,
that fo long as Sultan Bulloch was living his owne greatneffe was but coun-
terfeit; Aaph-chan, fleſht in former homicides, and not caring how, fo
he could fixe the Dyadem on Curroom at that tyme tottering, he makes
Redgee
LIB. I
107
Curroon, crowned great Mogull.
Radgee Bandor of his counfell, who forthwith without examination of
right or wrong pofts to Lahore, and with Affaph-chans keyes, enters the
hummum or Bath where the innocent Princes were, and with a horrid
ſpeed and infernall cruelty ftrangles them all, to lead Curroon through
fuch a bloody path unto the crowne.
In this miferable fort, dyed young Bulloch but three moneths Emperour
of Induſtant or great Mogul; in that maffacre accompanying him, Sultan
Sheryar, She-Ethimore and Sha-Hoffen (the baptifed fonnes of Prince
Daniel) two fonnes of Sultan Perwees, two fonnes of Sultan Morad or A-
murath; all whofe carcaffes were without any refpect buried in a garden in
Lahore neere the entrayls of Iangheer: but their heads (as an affurance of
their death) fent to Curroon, to glut his eyes (by fo horrid a Spectacle)
with infernall ambition.
་་
A.M. 5598
A. D. 1628
A. H. 1008
The murther of the royall blood of Industand being known to Chan-
Tehan, Zied-chan- and other Umbraves, they are orechardged with amaze-
ment and feare: they fee Affaph-chan guilty, but want power to queftion
him, eſpecially (by inquifition) hearing it was Curroons commandement.
they heap up a thouſand maledictions on their heads and crave vengeance
from above to recompence them. Curroon peceives the Empire ftorming
at him,but his incantations quickly quiets them. And now after much toyle
(having through the Ocean of inconftancy arrived at the port of greatneffe
and eaſe as he thought) he gives order for his folemne coronation: which
accordingly by a generall affembly of the great Umbraves, and Nobles
of his Empire is performed; by fecond proclamation affuming the Name
of Sultan-Sha-Bedyn-Mahumet. Then he orders the affaires of his Monar-
chy, placing and difplacing at his pleafure; the Seraglio of his father is
ſhut up: Normall and her three daughters are confined ftricktly; Affaph-
chan is made fecond in the Empyre; and next him Mahobet-chan; Abdul-
chan is releaſed; Channa-ziedchan is made viceroy of Bengala againe. Am-
baſſadours from Perſia, Arabia, Tartaria, and Decan come and joy him in
his greatneffe. Divers Radgees, as Radgee-keßing from Nagor, Chan-Azemi
from Azimeer, the puiffant Radgees Mainfingh, Tzetterfingh, and Gheẞsingh,
from Fettipore with soooo horfe move with great and folemne ftate to
Agray; whither after (fix weeks) came Affaph-chan, Zadoch-chan, Eradet-
chan, Ruftan-chan, Saffin chan and Mirgomley: to all whom he gave thanks
for their feverall Favours, remitting and putting in oblivion all offences
and infults during his rebellion. After which, he proclaymes a Iubile ce-
lebrated by all men there, with all fports and delights poffible!
Thus has Curroon (through a fea of blood) attayned the higheſt port
and dignity of the eaſtern world, furrounded with delights, and guarded
by a power (in his conceiving) unrefiftable; but thefe finnes he makes
nothing of, have apparantly in theſe our tymes drawn downe the heavy
Judgments of God almighty: both, in taking his beloved wife away the
week of his inauguration, fince when he has made his daughter (by that
dead Lady) his wife; inceft of fo high a nature that that yeare his whole
Empire was fo wounded with Gods arrowes of plague, peftilence and Fa-
mine, this thoufand yeares before never fo terrible. The fword alſo
feemes to threaten him, the Perfians having fnatched from him Kermaen 1014
P 2
and
1634
108
LIB. I
Diu.
and Candabar; the Tartar Kabull; Sheuph-Almuck indangers Tutta and
Lourebander; Radgee Loogh with his Coolyes trouble Brampore, and two
counterfeit Bullochyes have fowne the feed of an univerfall rebellion.
The event of all is in the hands of God, who in Infidells hates finnes of
blood, inceft and diffembling: wee will clofe this ftory with a caveat
from a heathen,but of more reaſon and temperance.
Quid ?ille qui Mundum quatit
Vibrans corufca fulmen Ætacum manu
Stator Deorum? credis hoc pofle effeci
Inter videntes omnia,ut lateas?
Dill.
1
What? that great Iupiter the world that shakes
When Ætna's thunderbolts in hands he takes?
Think ſt thou from him who all the world doth fee
In lurking holes concealed close to bee?
To end all, at our being in his country he came within two dayes jour-
ney of Surrat; and in a ceremoniall way, the English merchants fhips
thundred out his health by 2co great fhot, which he moſt thankfully ac◄
cepted of: Tis high tyme now to renew our Travaile.
Adjoyning this and in the Cambajan Territorie,is Din,or Dew: (in for-
mer times call'd Delta,(frõ a refemblance of that in Egipt) Patala,Patalena,
and Hidaſpa, as Arrhian, Pliny and Strabo have it: feated at th'entrance
into the gulph, in the latitude of 22 degrees 18 minutes North; from Or-
mus South, fixty leagues ; and from Cape Comry two hundred: a ſtreame or
arme iffuing from Indus lo incompaffes her, that the becomes a peninfule 3
the Haven before the Towne is fo land-lockt, fo good for anchorage, that
at Swalley, Chaul, Danda-Rajapuree, and other Havens is no better riding,
either for the ground or Fort, that fo well fafeguards them. Nearchus
(great Alexanders Admirall) from this place begun his Voyage and fayled
to Ormus, where hee repaired his weather-beaten Navie. The Towne it
felfe is both large and hoſpitable; yet by reafon of the Portugals pride and
cruelty, Chriſtians are leffe beloved here then in other places: 'twas of
good Trade, affording Opium, Affa-foetida, Puchio, Cotton, Indico, Mira-
bolans, Sugar, Arack, Agats, Cornelians, Diafpries, Calcedons,Hematifts,
Pearl,& Elephants teeth;but fince Surat and Cambaya (her next neighbors)
have drawne the Engliſh and Dutch thither,her Traffick and other allure-
ments are contemned: what the beſt boaſts of, is the Caſtle, built (after
long fight and bloodshed)by Albuquerque the famous Portugall Anno Isis,
of their account 895: by whofe coft and care it was fe advanced, that it
compares at this day with any other Sea Towne in the Orient. Nor could
it ever have fucceeded had not falfe proteftations, bribes,threats,and other
devices drawne beleife into the Pagans, that their defire to have fo many
Caftles and Marittim Forts, was onely to defend themſelves,in parts where
they were altogether ftrangers: but it appeared afterwards, that avarice,
rapine, Tyrannie, and luft allured them, as Oforius their Biſhop in vita
Emanuelis 11 libro. fol 347. fpeaks concerning them, Etfi Lufitani imprimis
arces cupiebant ad fe defendendas; poftea tamen vifum eft, per fpeciem fœderis
& amicitia, dominationem quæri & Tyrannidem agitari &c. Which caufed
fuch turmoyles, that in no other part of India they found fo long, fuch
ſtrong reſiſtance: partly by their owne valour, but chiefly by help of Mir
I
hechem
LIB. I
109
Indus.
Muskat.
hocem, and his Mamalukes, Campfon Gaurus the then great Sultan of Egipt
ſent thither to quell their infolencies; Notwithſtanding, by the ruine of
that Sultan (not long after, by Selim the firft, 1516.) the Portugals by little
and little grew victorious; though to obtaine it,Laurenfius-Almeida (lonne
to their Viceroy) the moſt excellent of all their Captaines at that time
perifhed.
The river Indus is by Pliny call'd Sandus, Sinthus by Arrhian, and now
call'd Sinde not farre diſtant hence, at 23 deg. 15 min.lat. ſome obſerve 24
deg. 40 min. and Weft var. 16 degrees 30 min. commixes in two oftiums
(Thevet foolifhly names feaven) with the Ocean; after three thouſand
miles flux from the Cafmirian (or as Mela in his third booke the Paropa-
miftan) mountaines; in her difcent receiving growth from many great and
famous rivers, which from other hills derive their origin, mellow Indya,
and at laſt incorporate with that famous flood from whofe name the moft
noble part of the univerſe is named: the rivers are Bebat, Ravee, Damiadee,
Ob-chan, Wiby,&c. of old times, named Hidafpes, Acefinis, Cophis, Adris,
Ob-itarmas, Coas,Suaftes, Melzidas, Hirotas, Zaradas, Hifpalis,&c.
On the other fide the gulph, in Arabia the happy is feated Mufcat (or Muskat.
Mafcat) not farre from Cape Rozelgate (formerly call'd Ziagrum and co-
rodamum) and almoft Nadyr to the crabbed Topick: I dare not conclude
that this was that old Raamah (from Raama fonne of Chuh fonne of cham)
by Ptolomy Rhaguma, and Rhegma celebred by Ezekiel 27.22.The Merchant's
of Sheba (a Citie in Arabia whence came the Queene (and not from Ethio-
pia,chuſh being misinterpreted) to vifit Solomon: and Raamah were thy Mer-
chants (meaning Tyre) &c. howbeit 'tis certaine, it has beene much more
populous, and famous then at this prefent; though now fhe begins (fince
Ormuz was loft) to revive her glory; being the beft Port, Haven, and de-
fence for Frigots, Juncks, and other Veffels of Warre and Trade belong-
ing to the Portugalls: who firft conquered it and the Ile Anno Dom. 1507.
and after it other adjacent Townes; as Calajate, Curiate, Soar, Orfaza, and
divers places till then ander the Ormonfian Empire: at that time Zeifadin
was King (in nonage) ruled by Atar a fpitefull Eunuch; whofe deceit was
fo apparent,as not onely made this Towne to blush in flames,but had wel-
nigh ruin'd his Maſters Empire. Torus (the Kings brother)chen commanded
here, with Mamadee the Kings fonne, undone by poyſon given him from
Nordino the ſecond Officer; after which, it was betrayed to the Turks by
Jacka Portugall, but after fome coft, and toyle recovered: yet next yeere
(by bribery) the Turks re-entred; and wherein, Peribeg the Bafha plants
a Colony, and goes homeward: but, ere he got thither heares of its revolt
and the flaughter of his filly Garrifon; the Newes fo amazing him, that hee
goes to Mecha and turnes religious: but by command of Solyman the great
Turk is forced thence; and (for a reward of his fifty yeares good fervice)
is beheaded, and his eftate forfeited. It now obeyes the Portugalls: the
Towne is feated in a Plain, yet armed or propt with two rifing advantagi-
ous mountaines; a ditch and parapet drawne from one hill to the other fo
inviron her, that the feemes inacceffible: the Caftle is large and defenfive,
fill'd with men, and ſtored with great Ordnance: little elfe is worthy of
our obſervation. ›
-
The
110
LIB. I
Gulph of Perfia-
Arabia.
The feventeenth of December wee topk fhip in the William for
Gombroom in Perfia: the Exchange, the Hart, and other brave ſhips went
along with us, and above three hundred flaves whom the Perfians bought
in India; Perfees, Tentews (gentiles) Bannaras and others. The eightenth
Trep. Can- day we croft the Tropick, and next day elevated the North pole twenty
foure degrees odde minutes, the gulph in this place ftraitned, the fores
of Carmania and Arabia in this forme appearing to us.
cri.
Perfia sub 2.4.48.
nin.
To bi
The Perfian Gulph
Arabia pars.
Arabia (denominated from Arabus fonne of Apollo and Madam Babilo-
nia) at this day is more obfcured than in ancient times, fuch time as it was
the feminary of famous men: worthily in thoſe dayes called happie, Pan-
chaya and Eudæmonia. No part bred better Phyfitians, Mathematicians,
and Philofophers. Galen,Hipocrates, Avicen, Algazales, Albumazar, Abu-
beer, Alfarabius, Mahomet-ben-Ifaac,ben Abdilla,Siet Toob,ben Cazem, ben
fid Ally and others, here borne or educated: the Arabick ſo inchanted men
that it is a common hyperbole amongft them, the Saints in Heaven and
Paradize (peak it. In it the holy Decalogue was given; in it was hatcht
the delufive Alcaron: if gums aromatick, fucculent fruits, fragrant flow-
ers and fuch like delicacies can captivate thee, fay then, Arabia is the
Phoenix of the Eaft, with Danaus the epitome of delight, and with Saint
Auguftin that it is Paradize.
'Tis tripartite; Deferta, Petrofa; and Felix. Deferta is alſo call'd bu
milis, profunda and afpera; by Servius, Lucian and Ariftides. Petrofa, In
ferior by Strabo, Nabothea by Ptolomy, and Barrba by Castoldus, Rathal Al-
haga by them habitants, and by Zieglerus Bengacalla. Felix varies alfo in
nomenclation, by Pliny,Sabaa;and Mamotta by Solinus; Ajaman and Giaman
by ben Ally. In the firft is Kedar oft named by the Pfalmift. In the fecond,
the mounts Horeb and Sinai, as alſo Iathrip and Mecca places of account
among the Sarracens.The Happy call'd now Mamotta,is unhappy in Medi
na Telnabi,but joyed in Iobs birth-place,and Saba, by Ptolomy,Save; & now
nam'd Samiſcaſhac,& many other Towns noteworthy. Adedi Neopolis, Pho-
cidis Abiffa,Teredon, Areopolis Zebitum, Acadra, Kathrib, Alata,Mocha, Ezien-
geber, Acyna,Munichiates, Ambe,and others converted at this day into other
names; as Aden, Zieth, Zidim, Iemina-bahrim, Huguer, Medina, Zarpall,
Oran, Danchelly, Muskat, Imbum, Zama, Moffa, Lazzack, Gubeicama, Bal
Sora,
เ
LIB. I
III
Arabia Fœlix.
fora, Maffador Mofqued-Ally, Cuface, Damarchana, Barag, Eltarch and many
more now under the Ajamites or Saracias; but in old times diſtinguiſht into
theſe Provinces, the Sabai (whence, Guilandinus fies the Queene came
to heare Solomons wifdome, and the three Magi) the Panchaia,Alapeni,Mo-
abiti and Cadari (bordering the defert) Aerzi, Nabathea (Nabaths birth-
place, eldeſt fopne to Ifmael) Atramita, Maffabathe, Canclai, Stabai, &c.
enough to difturb our memories. And I cannot but note, how that the
Hebrew (Chaldy, Arabick and Siriack drilling from the Hebrew) Greek
nor Latin, in their times epedimic, are now no where ſpoken, fave by de-
rivative: and that the heathen gods, love, Saturne, Mars, Apollo, Iuno, Di-
ana, Venus, and thirty thouſand moe, once idolatriz'd all the earth over,are
now no where invocated: all oracles ceaft at the paffion of our Saviour.
We will leave Arabia, and paffe by without ſmelling or tafting her magick
delicacies, and reft fatisfied in a word or two of her prefent tongue, and
how the moneths differ in feverall dialects.
Arabick
Engliſh.
Perfian.
Malle
Salt
Sammach
Fifa
Namack
Mohee
Moihee
Water
Obb
Narr
Fire
Attafh
Hattop
Wood
Degang
Hens
Sallet
Oyle
Sammon
Bedda
San
a Diſh
Cobbeer
Sackeer
Anneftre
Vntan aphe
Beet
Great
Little
I buy ic
have you
a Houſe
!
Butter:
Egges
Yzom
Moorgh
Rogan-cherough
Rogan
Tough-morgh
Shecky or paola
Buzzurck
Cowcheck
Man mechorre
Dare fuma
Connak
1
112
LIB. I
Months in feverall languages.
English.
September
October
November
Greek.
Maimacterion
Puanepfion
Antheſterion
Poſeideon
Gamelion
Hebrew.
Tizri or Ethanim
Bul or Marchifuan
Chyfleu
Tebeth or Tevet
December
January
February
Sebeth or Sevet
Elaphebolion
Adar or Veadar
March
Moonuchion
Nifan or Abib
Aprill
Thargelion
Jarr or Zyn
May
Skirrophorion
Syvan
June
Hecatombayon
Tamuz
July
Matageitnion
Abb
Auguft
Boedromion
Elull
Arabick.
Siriack
Ægyptick.
Muharram
Sawphor
Eylooll
Tefhrin-owl
Toph
Paophy
Rabbioul-owl'
Rabbioul-auchor
Tefhrin-auchor
Achir
Kanoon-owl
Cojac
Yowmadul-owl:
Kanoon-auchor
Tibhi
Yowmadul-auchor
Siubat
Machir
Radiab
Adarr
Sabaan
Nifan
Ramulan
Ejarr
Schowl
Itaziran
2
Heidull-kaida
Tamuz
Heidull-hazia
Abb
Turkish.
Æthiop.
Ramazan
Turh..
Schewal
Paap
Silhcade
Hatur
Phamenoth
Pharmuthy
Pachon
Paynhi
Epiphi
Meforhi
Perfian.
Farwardin-maw
Ardabehiſh
Chodad-maw
Scilbydze
Cohia
Mucharren
Tubah
Sepher
Amfchyr
Rabuil-oul
Parmahath
Tyr.maw
Mordad-maw
Sharyr-maw
Mihe-maw
Rabuil-auchir
Parmuda
Aban-maw
Gemaziel-oul
Pathnes
Adur-maw
Gemaziel-auchir
Peuni
Dei-maw
Rhezib
Epip
Bahmen
Saban
Mufrhi
Alphendermæd
Leave
LIB.I
112
Iafques.
!
Ormus.
>
Leave weArabia and croffe the Gulfe, cald the Babylonian ſea by Plutarch
in the life of Lucullus, and Towmachama by the Syrians: by fome Mefendin;
cald alſo by the Perfians Deriob Farfiſtan,and by Arabians Bobar el Nabarim,
by Turks Elcatiph. But beware by Sir Robert Sherlyes example of Cape Gua
der(Dendrobofa in old tymes) not farre from Goadell, in five and twenty de-
grees, and where the Compaffe varies 17 degrees 15 minutes. An infa-
mous port and inhabited by a perfidious people. Under pretext of amity
they allured sherley and his Lady afhoare 4.1613;where but for a Hodgee
that underſtood their drift,& honeftly revealed it,they had been murdered
with Newport their Captaine; and meerly to play the theeves with them.
Come we then to Iafques, (or rather Iezdquis, Iezquird fonne of shapore
King of Carmania dying here: Pliny feemes to call it Caffandra) a Towne
upon the Gulph in five and twenty degrees, eight and fifty min. lat. in
Carmania feated ((kerman now cald, confind by Macron South, and North
by Perfia,) South from Ormus forty leagues. A place fortefied by the
Portugall, who built a ftrong caftle here, planted it with feventeene can-
non, one cannon pedro, two culverins, two demiculverins, foure braſſe
fakers, and a thouſand mufquets: upable altogether, to refift the English,
who in difpight of their utmoft bravery (to revenge the death of Captaine
Shilling, flaine the yeare before) tooke it the fecond of February 1622, but
unwifely by our men given to the Perfian, who now keep it; and by
ſhooting of fo many peeces as they fee fhips, give an Alarme to Ormus,
and they to Gombroon, loth to be intrapt by too much confidence.
In this channell we begun the Ormuzian ſtrait; Ormus is as it were the
こう
​umbelick of the gulph, flowing from Baljorack to cape Rozelgate; next
morne we came in view of Rijmy a pettite caftle not farre from Iafques; Kiſhmy.
where alſo they give warning how many fhips, or friggats they fee dance-
ing upon the gulph; and next night of Larac, another fmall Ifle upon Larac.
the Arabian fhore, foure leagues from Ormus Iland..
OR MVS is at this day a miferable forlorne city and Ile ; although
but a douzen yeares ago the onely brave place in all the Orient. Eft foli-
tudo magna megalopolis.
Si Terrarum Orbis (quaqua pater) Anmulus effet,
Ilfius Ormufium gemma decufque foret.
If all the world were made into a ring
Örmus the gem and grace thereof should bring.
An Ile (though none more wretched) yet not unknown unto Antiquity
by name of Organa and Germ as Varrerius has it; of Necrokin and Zamrhito
the Tattars; of Ormufia in Iofephus libr.1.de Iud: of Harmozia in Arrian ; of
Armuzia in Pling; of Armuza in Ptel. of Voroča in Niger; of Ogyris in
Thevet: and feemes by Pliny, Curtius, and Rufus out of Dionyfius, to be
the buriall place of that famous Prince Erethreus, from whofe name the
Redfea was denominate.
Ogyris looks into the fes, from whence
Carmania,and the place of refidence
Where princely Erethreus liv'd; whose fate
This Tomb conteins in mountains defolate.
2
Ogylis inde falo premit caput, afpera rupes
Carmanidis,qua fe pelagiprocul invehit undis
Regis Ereth rei tellus ; hic nota fepulchro
Tenditur, & nudis juga tantum canibus horrer.
Named Ormus by meanes of Shaw- Mahomet an Arabian Dinast, who An.
Dom. 700 for more fafety croft over from Koftac in Mogeftan (Margaftana
е
of
114
1
Kings of Ormus.
LIB. I
ofold) to Iaſques ; a place hatefull to Mirza Bahadin the fourteenth King
after him, that for moft quiet removed An. D. 1312 of the Heg.692 to this
Ile and from that Harmuz (part of Maceta) twelve leagues from Koftack
where his predeceffors dwelt,fo namedit. From which time to this it was
ever diſturbed: first by Ioonsha the Perfian King flaine by Vfan Caffan, who
for pearles broke through Lar and forced Melec Nazomadin into Arabia,and
againe recoverd by Mirza-codbadin 5 yeares after, viz.Az. 1488; but long
flept not fo, for 4n. 1507 Alfonfus Albuquerq the Portuguife (after much
adoe) ſubjected it to Emanuel his Mafter, fuffering Zedfadin to enjoy the
Title, and a penfion of fifteene hundred crownes, but all command to him-
felfe, himselfe de facto King; and laftly by Emangoly-chan the Arch-Duke
of Shyraz, by help of the English it was taken An. 1622, and by them dela-
pidat and depopulated. Let us view it as it was and is.
'
1
The Altitude of the pole here, is 27 degrees: and though it be with-
out the torrid zone, yet what by the fulphur of the earth, and oblique rc-
flex of the burning Sun, for foure moneths (from May to September) no
place in the world is more hot or fcalding; it is the cuftome here to fleep
in beds of rayne water, which is not very coole neither, all day naked:
the City had a faire Buzzar,many Churches,and Frieries,brave Magazeens,
ſtately honfes,and as gallant a caftle as any other in Orient; the caftle is
yet in good ſtrength and repayre; the reft, levelled with the ground; of
which I cannot fay, Nunc feges ubi Troja fuit, the foile being uncapable of
corne or other graine: at that end againſt Dozar (and the great Bannyan
tree in the continent)the City was built; where the fea is fo narrow that a
Cannon may eafily fpit over: the whole Ile exceeds not fifteene myles
compaffe: it is the moft barren ground in the world,neither tree nor fpring
of good water could we find in it. It has falt, filver ſhining fand, and mine-
ralls of fulphur, has nothing elſe worth the looking on: And yet from the
advantagious ftanding, the laborious Portugal made it the ftaple and glory
of the world; fecured indeed by many naturall props, on all fides com-
manding Iles and townes to furnish her: Larac (Azgillia ofold) Kishmy (by
fome cald Quexome or Broid) Keys or Queys Ile, Angen, Andreve (or de los
pasharos) Kargh, Baharem (Icara in Pliny) Dozare, Iafques, and Koftack
in Margaftan (now Mogeftan) vicinating them. So as to the eye of man
no place could be more offenfive and defenfive, garrifons of Portu-
galls ever lying in thefe Ilands; and yet, when the God of Nature had
decreed a ruine, it could not be withftood, but was in fome regard mira-
culouſly effected, and at fuch a tyme as they leaft fufpected it.
But to doe her all the favour I can: let us remember fuch Princes as
have honourd her: Sha-Mahomet is the firft I find, who in the 80 yeare of
the Heg. Of Chrift 700,left his feat at Aman in Arabia, and fat downe at
Calciat upon the fhoare, but difliking it, removed to Coftac in Mogeftan
(fix and twenty leagues from Iafques) and there built a city which he cald
Ormuz,and from whence part of Arabia took name; to him fucceeded soli-
man, to him Izachan, to who Mahobet 2, Shawran-ſhaw, (who bequeathed
the crowne to his Nephew) Emer-fa-bedin Molong, whofe daughter and
heire married sey fadin Aben-Ezer fonne to Ally-haw Lord of Keys Iland:
the crown (they wanting iffue) then came to sha-Bedin Mahomet his
·
cozen:
A
LIB. I
115
Ormus.
cozen: to whom followed Rocnadin Mamut, Hamets fon, who dying An.
Dom. 1278 left the rule to his Infant fonne, Seidfadin Nocerat, who was
flaine by his brother Morador Mafad eleaven yeares after, and he forc't to'
flie into Kermaen by his brothers fervant MirBahedin : MirBahadin Ayaz or
Ben-Seyfin Ben-Cabadin is forced to flie, unable to refift the Turks Morad
brought againſt him, fo with many of his friends (fuch as hated the Ty
rant) removed to Kiſhn,,but not liking the place, rifes thence and fits down
at this Ile Gerun (or wood) where he built, fortified (and from the others
name) namd it Ormuz; in the yeare 1312, of the Heg.692 and to him a man
of noble extraction, Emir-Azadin-gurdan-fbaw; to him his fonne Mabare-
zadin-babron-fha, a brave Prince, but fell by the axe of treachery,Mir-fha-
Bedin-Iffuff stroke him with; who alfo fell by the late Princes youngeſt
brother, Mirza Codbadin was he cald, infortunately banifht by his cozen
Melec-Nozamedin, at whoſe death Cobadin returnd and fwayd the Ormou-
fian Scepter, and at his death left all to Paca-Turanſba a victorious Prince
yet by death Am. 1488 conquered; to him Mezad-fha Bedin, to him Salger-
fha,to him shawes and to him safadin or Zedfadin 2, ſubdued by Albuquerq,
An. 1567 and by him cruelly ftrangled: Nordino, Codjeature, and De lam
The attempted the foverainty, but Mahomet the right heire was crowned
King he dying, his fonne Séyd-Mahomet-fa was called King, who Anno
1622 was fubdued by the English and Perfians, and at this day lives a pri
foner at Shyraz. The Perfian now is foveraine.
1.
The particular Acts and paffages in taking this famous Citie, is thus (for
fome mens better fatisfaction) remembred.
At command of shaw Abbas the Perfian Monarch, Emangoly-chawn
(chiefe Lord and Governour of thofe Territories that conjoyne the gulph
of Perfia) defcends with nine thousand men, at fuch a time as he was confi-
dent to meet the English Fleet,refolv'd to further them in revenge of thoſe
many tyrannies they had endured by the braving Portugall: The Condi-
tions betwixt them, under hand and feale were thefe 1. The Caftle of
Ormus in caſe it were won) with all the Ordnance and Amunition to ac-
crue to the English. 2. The Perfians were to build another Caftle in the
Ile at their owne coft, when and where they pleaſed. 3. The ſpoile to be
equally devided. 4. The Chriftian prifoners to be difpofed of by the
English the Pagans by the Perfians. The Perfians to allow for halfe
the charges of victualls, wages, flott, powder,&c. 6. And the English to
be cuftome free in Bander-gum-brook forever. The Captaines of beft note
in the Pagan Army under the Duke of Shyraz, were Alliculybeg, Pollotbeg,
Shakulibegs Sharecaree, Mahomet Sultan and Alybeg King of the Port:
thefe with the reft of their Army encamped before Bander-gom-broon: and
two dayes after zizahe twentieth of January 1622.with ſmall difficulty be-
came Mafters ofthe Port. brUpon which the Duke and the Engliſh Cap-
taines, Weddall, Blyth,and Woodcock agreed upon an immediate battery,and
inftantly played upon the Caftle with a dozen peeces of Cannon for five
houres but gave them fmall hopes of fudden conqueft: yet that neither
pufillanimity nor doubt might be feene amongst them, the ninth of Fe-
bruary the Engliſh tranſported three thouſand Perfians in two Frigots
lately taken; and two hundred Perfian Boats good for little other fervice:
thefe, fo foone as they were landed, having formerly made Sconces or
Q2
Trenches
115
LIB. I
Ormus.
1627.
Trenches for their men, and Bulwarks for the great Ordnance to play on,
very furioully they made towards Ormus thinking to meet no great oppo-
fall; but the Portugalls though they let them land and paffe quietly into
the Towne, with equall refolution ftopt the current of their fury, at firft
encounter from their barracadoes defended with fhott and pike, daying
above three hundred, and with their Ordnance beat them back with more
hafte and amazedneffe than their approach had courage: in this diforder
a Flancker by miſchance'was blowne up, but the warre continued: little
hurt accruing to either party, till the 24 of February, on which day the
English advanced towards the Caftle, (under which was riding the Portu-
gall Armado) and in defpight of the Caftle and beft defence their Fleet
could make, being then but five Gallyons and twenty Frigots, fet fire on
the Saint Pedro of one thouſand five hundred Tun, and Admirall of their
Armado: which miſchance,the reſt of the Spaniſh Fleet with no ſmall for-
row apprehended, and finding no repaire, to prevent more miſchiefe and
danger, cut the Cables, and in that flaming pofture let her drive whither
winde and tyde commanded her: the Engliſh faw her too hot to meddle
with, and knew ſhe could enrich the adventurer with no other booty, but
Bellonaes furniture, fo downe fhe went towards Larack, in the way arabble
of Arabians and Perfians boorded her,& like Iackhalls with hunger ftarved
fury and avarice tore her aſunder that rapine,being no leſſe baſe and out-
ragious than the fire which two houres had allaulted her: the feaven
March 17. teenth of March the Perfians (to dispatch and thew they were not idle)
gave fire to a Mine ftuft with forty barrells of powder, which blew up a
great part of the wall, through which breach the enraged Portugalls im-
mediatly fallyed & maintain'd the fight above one houre against the ama-
zed Perfian, who had drawne out a mayne Battalion, but when the Trum-
pets founded, Acha recovered fenfe and magnanimity, going on fo coura
gioufly, that the moft flow and hindmoft difcovered plainly a full fcorne
of death, and powerfull defire of honourable execution: for nine houses
this conflict continued with great fury, fo that in fine the defendants were
forced to retreat, advis'd to it as well by pollicie as need: for, the heated
Perfian ſuppoſing themſelves victors, with great bravery begun to mount
and enter the Citie in many quarters, at which the Portugalls were very
joyfull, throwing on them fuch and fo many Granadoes and burning fire-
balls, powder-pots, and calding Lead, that the affailants in defpight of
their vowes and bravadoes were forced to retreat, and could not prevent a
thouſand of their men from perifhing: which mifery, when shacuilibeg at
full had viewed, couragiously followed by two hundred men, hee past
through the fury of thofe affrighting fires and took one of their Flanckers,
but could not hold above halfe an houre, they were fo outragiously fryed
and tormented with fhewers of flames of Lead and Sulphur, andin def
cending were beaten off by fifty Huydalgoes, who for three houres affron-
ted them, repell'd them, and retyred crown'd with conqueft. This enter
tainment fo cool'd their bravery, that for five dayes they did nothing but
contemplate the valour and dexterity of their adverfarios. But,the three
and twentieth day affum'd more hopes, when they beheld the fight be-
twixt the English and them; our Cannon from the ſhore, playing fo hotly
and
LIB. I
117
Ormus.
and battring their fortifications fofoundly, that at length making the fhips
their object (after a great mutilation of fhrowds and mafts) they funk the
Vice & reare Admirall of Ru-Fryero's Fleet: by that, utterly lofing their
late hopes and oftentation of marine command and excellencie. March 28
neceffity humbled them (plague,famine, and fluxes raging in the City)fo as
five¦dayes after,two wel-bred Gentlemen, well attended, with great gravity
mounted in a faire equipage to the Enemies Camp; they were uſherd in
by fome Coozelbafhes of shaculybegs Regiment, and after fmall comple-
ment, begun to treat of peace,and that there might be a ceffation of Armes,
which favour if the Duke would grant, they were ready to acknowledge
it, and for retribution to prefent him two hundred thouſand Tomayns in
hand, with good affurance of an annuall tribute of 140000 Ryalls, (which
as afterwards they confeffed was fpoken in hypocrifie) the Captaine dif
mifles them, and appoints next day for anfwer, acquaints the Generall, who
(wanting money) accepts their motion of peace, fo they would depofe
five hundred thoufand (amounting with us almoft to two millions of
pounds) and pay yeerely to the King of Perfia two hundred thousand:
the Portugalls return'd him an anfwer, they were in no fuch diftreffe, to
buy any favour fo difhonourably, and that greedineffe fo overwhelmed
them, they affured, a fift part of that proportion ſhould never buy their
ableft benefits. After that,they mediated a reconciliation twixt the Engliſh
and them, putting them in minde, how they were Chriftians, and by many
reciprocall favours of old (when John of Gant invaded them) and later
times by allyances, prevalent enough to beget good will in noble ſpirits. If
they had injured them, they were now forry, and ready to fatisfic in any
puniſhment of paine or purfe,their Kings were at that inftant good friends,
and how could fuch hoftility be defended or anfwerd by law of Nations or
Religion. Thefe and the like were fent them, but whether the behavi-
our of the Fidalgo difpleafed our Sea men, or that they underſtood them
not, or faw themſelves fo farre ingaged, that with reputation they could
not defift, or that it was uttered with a faigned humility, or the like, I know
not;
the Meffenger departed not well fatisfied. And two dayes after, faw
apparently fignes of confufion and revenge: a hideous noife of hellifh
thunder amazing them, caus'd by the Engliſh their blowing up two feve-
rall Mynes, which gave open profpe&t into the Citie; but the hearts of
the affaylants durft not travell with their fight, all their fenfes the laſt time
were fo.confounded and diſabled: fo that very poorely they onely be-
came fpectators, and gave new courage to the dying Portugall: all of them
halfe dead, with fluxes, thirst, (the three pits in the Citie exhaufted) fa-
mine.or peftilence. The fourteenth day, a fhip full of Moores from Ki-
wee, arrived at Ormur to help the Portugalls; perceiving themfelves inter-
cepted, they returned back, thinking to land at fome better quarter: the
Perfian Generall, fwore they fhould receive no dammage by his Army, to
which when they foolishly gave beliefe to, fourſcore of their heads were
forthwith ftruck off, and the reft inchayned.
The Ormuziaus languishing thus long under fo many forts of afflictions,
every houre hopedfor delivery from Ru-Friero, but he failed them. The
feventeenth day another breach was made by giving fire to fixty barrels of
powder,
118
LIB. I
Ormus.
1
powder, through which the Moores entred in huge fwarmes, but were
beat back by eighteene Gentlemen without the Bulwark; howbeit, next
day they re-entred and poffeffed it. The eighteenth of Aprill,two famiſhe
renegadoes ſtole thence into the Camp of their Adverfaries, and being
brought before the Duke,confeft the willingneffe of their departure, told
him their expectation of fupplies, together with their prefent miferies;
affuring him, they could not endure long, death raging more furiously
within the City, than the greateſt forces they could oppoſe them with.
At that report, the reanimated Perfiam againe befeiges her, intending the
next breach to enter pellmell amongst them: which when the Portugall
faw, and no fafety any way appearing; the three and twentieth day (know-
ing no faith in the Mahomitans) they yeelded the Caftle, and their trea-
fure unto the English; only craving of them that they might receive
their lives,and be conveyed fafely to Muskat in Arabia: the English affent,
and very nobly tranfported three thouſand of them, and entended like
favour to the reft; but the envious Perſian ſuddenly intercepted above
three hundred Arabs halfe Chriftians, and Portugals: whom without par-
ley orany figne of pitty, contrarie to their oath and honour, they behead-
ed; and fent their heads to Gombroon for a Trophe, and as an affured fignal
of their conqueft and blameworthy fury. After this, by unanime affent,
the Magazeens of armour, victualls and treaſure were fealed up with the
fignets of both Nations: the interim was imployed in maffacring of more
than halfe dead men, violating women, polluting Temples, and defacing
verie brave and gallant houfes; during which, an unworthie Engliſh man
(contrarie to the order) breaks into a forbidden Monafterie ftuft with
riches, and in his returne is difcried by the ratling of his burthenfome fa-
criledge; at which the Perfians flie to the Duke, and by confent break
afunder everie thing was valuable, (the Engliſh all that time dreaming of
no fuch accident) but when it was known, much difcourfe intervened on
both fides, but the Pagans accounted words but ayre, and ſeeing their de
fignes accompliſhed, made the fury and anger of the English meere pro-
vocatives of fcorne and laughter: the Enlish had no more than twentie
thousand pounds paid them for their fervice. The braffe Ordnance in
the Caſtle and Rampires were divided, fome fay they were three hundred,
others as many moe: Howbeit, our men fay there were only fifty three
great braffe peeces mounted, foure braffe cannon, fix braffe demicannon,
Lixteen cannon pedroes of braffe, and one of iron, 9 culverin of braffe,two
demiculverin of braffe, three of iron, ten brafle bafes, feven braffe bartels,
ſome baſilisks of 22 foot long, and nintie two braffe peeces unmounted;
which I the rather name, in that the Portugalls bragge they had ſmall de-
fence, and few Ordnance; with either of which if they had beene fur-
nifhed,Ormus had never beene triumphed over. Thofe belonging to the
Perfian were tranfported to other Cittadells, to Gombrèn, Larr, Shyraz,
Hifpahan, and Babylon. The King of Ormus, Seid Mahumet ſhaw, was
made prifoner to the Perfian, and at this day is at shyraz under an allow
ance of five markes a day, his other penfion (during his profperity paid
him by the Portugalls) amounted yeerely to a hundred and forty thou-
fand ryalls. The Town at this day is wholly ruinous, the Caftle excepted,
which
1
LIB. I
[19
The VVhale funck
which aſpect keepes her former beauty, ftrength, and greatneſſe, and is
owned by the Perfian.
As for the common Mariners,they found enough to throw away;by that
little they got, fhewing their luxurie, nothing but Alea,viná, Venus,in the
afcendant of their devotion. Captain Woodcocks luck was beft and worft;
by rare chance he lighted upon a Frigot that was ſtealing away, loden with
Pearles and ineftimable treaſure, above a Million of royalls for his part
only; but what joy had he in that fading pelfe? pure clay is gold, who then
fo mad to make the earth his Idol? Whether poore (too rich) Woodcock
minded more his tempting Mammon than the ftearage of his fhip, who
can tell? but many felt by fad experience that the Whale his fhip funck
close by Swally barre, the name neither of bird nor fiſh availing againſt
the arrow of death, the mercileffe elements yeelding them no comfort:
fuch cataſtrophes have ambition and too much greedineffe. For, but for
too much pride (the Portugall upon all occafions braving the Engliſh)
Ormus had ſtood;and but for too much avarice, who knows but the Whale
might have ſwam ſtill in the Ocean of ſecurity.
Præda færas acies cinxit difcordibus armis,
Hinc cruor,hinc cades, mors propiorque venit.
Præda vago jußit geminare pericula ponto,
Bellica cum dubiis roftra dedit ratibus.
Prey guirts feirce Armies oft with irefull fwords.
Hence blood, hence ſlaughter, hafty death affords.
Prey doubles danger in th'inconftant deep,
Whiles warlick beaks danger-fraught ſhips do keep.
FINIS LIBRI PRIMI.
*
120
LIB. 2
THE SECOND
BOOKE
T
HE tenth of January, Sir Robert Sherley at our
Ambaffadors requeft, entred Gumbrown to acquaint
the Sultan with his arrivall, and to demand fuch en-
tertainment and neceffaries as befitted his excellen-
cy and Travaile to the Perfian Court, though no
leffe diftant than the Cafpian fea. It did not relifh
right to the covetous Sultan; but upon fight of his
Phirman or letter of Command, he diffembled his
humour, proteſting he was tranfported with joy that fo happy an occa-
fion was hapned, as well to expreffe himselfe an obedient flave to sham-
Abbas, as that the Towne fhould be honoured by fo noble à ſtranger; for-
ry onely he was fo ill fitted to fhew his humanity, his Lordſhips fo fudden
landing preventing the pomp he aymed him. Sir Robert Sherley returned
his complement and forthwith invited my Lord Ambaffador afhoare, who
as readily accepted it. At his iffuing from the fhip, Captaine Browne
(whom I name to honour him) thundred out his farewell by a hundred
great Shot, whofe Ecchoes not onely made Gombroon to tremble, but
feemed to rend the higher regions with their bellowings. Wrapt in fmoak
and flame, we landed fafely, tho Neptune made us dance upon his liquid
billowes and with his falt breath feaforded the Epicinia or intended Tri-
umphs. At his landing the Cannons from the Caſtle and Cittadell vomit-
ed out their fiery choller, ten tymes roring out their wrathfull clamours,
to our delight and terrour of the Pagans, who of all noyfes moft hate artifi-
ciall Thunder. The Sultan and Shawbander handed him out of his Bardge,
and mounted him upon a ſtately Arabian Courfer; the ſtirrops were of
pure gold, the faddle (a Morocco fort) was moſt richly imbrodered with
filver. All his followers had alfo fuch as pleaſed them. In this equi-
page, attended by his owne gentlemen, fome fea Captaines, the Engliſh
Agent Mafter Burt and two hundred Coozell-baſhames, we moved flowly
towards the Sultans Pallace, all the way paffing through a ranck, or file of
Archers
LIB. 2
121
Gumbroon,
Carmania.
!
Archers and Mufquetiers on either fide doubled, and being alighted,
uſherd him into his Apollo; where upon rich carpets was plac't a neat and
coftly Banquet, ſtore of shyraz Wine, and choyce Violls from the fhips;
all which, with his proteftations of welcome,(Hofhomody Suffowardy ftill
dropping out of his mouth) gave us undoubted knowledge that either he
was a grand hypocrite, or extreamely fearefull a complaint fhould be
made to the great Duke of Shyraz againſt him of his paft neglect; all which
we gave a favourable interpretation unto: let us now into and about the
towne, to fee if ought will preſent it ſelfe a welcome obje&.
GV MBR OVV N (or Gomroon as fome pronounce it) is by moft Per-
fians Kal cald Bander or the Port Towne : feated upon the gulph,
in the Carmanian defert (part whereof is now cald Larr) or in Kermoen as
the Perfians call it; albeit my fancie prompts me, that it is rather in Chu-
fiftan, Shuhan being ſo ſmall a way removed from it. Some (but I com-
mend them not) write it Gamron, others Gomrow, and other-fome cum-
meroon. The Artique pole mounts here to feven and twenty degrees
and nine minutes. A Towne it is of no Antiquity, rifing daily out of the
ruines of late glorious (now moſt wretched) Ormus, an houres journey
thence.
I was told, that it had not twelve houfes twelfve yeares ago ; at this day
encreaſed to a thoufand: but how can I credit it, fince one Newbery our
country-man entitles it a Town at his being here, which was in the yeare
1581. Yet old it cannot be, fince all agree the Portugals firft founded it;
after Ormous doubtleffe, and where the Caſtle was begun but in Anno 1513
by Albuquerq' the Portugall. Gumbroen is from Ormus nine engliſh myles:
italfo viewes Arabia about fixteene leagues weft, for there the Gulph is
narroweft. It was forced from the Portugall in the yeare 1612 by Ally-
Reec the Shyrazian, and is now compleatly governed by the Perfian. It
is in compaffe about two myles, the earth is fandy, without gardens,
fprings, or graffe: from March to October fo hot, as the Natives flie away
to Larr and other Townes where Date trees fhadow them againſt the
ever burning Sunne, and ground or fand that fcalds like hotteft,embers:
a great Mountayne (reckned twenty miles diftant,but by its height feemes
not eight) anticipates the coole North-wind, which to other parts breaths
fweetly and refreſhes them. The houſes are of Sunne-dried bricks,thick &
follid, within,are without much furniture; without fimple to look upon.
The windowes are large and trellifed, made to open when any Favonius
murmurs among them. The tops are tarraffed, made both to walk & fleep
upon, fo Carpets be fpred to foften them. In the Summer feafon when
few fhips ride here, they fleep in troughs or beds fild with water. The
Buzzar is very ordinary: tis covered atop to keep out the fearching
beames of the ſcortching Sunne; whereunder is fold Wine, Arack, Sher-
bet, Thlummery, and many other things to the eye and belly neceffary.
The entrance into the Sultans houfe, is at the Eaft fide of the Market place.
His, the Shabanders, English,and Duch (diftinguiſht by their Flags or En
fignes, diſplayed by Eolus atop their houſes) are all are worth the entring
in or my noting: ofbeft note,are two Caftles,at the North and South ends
of the Towne, fpatious and defenfive; adorn'd with good Battlements and
Platformes
R
122 Carmania.
LIB. 2
Gumbroon.
!
Platformes to play their ufeleffe Cannons on. Fourefcore braffe Peeces
are planted here, and are part of thofe they got from Ormus Anno 1622;
two hundred more being fent up to Larr,Spahawn and Babylon)offmall ter
rour, if no better Gunners exerciſe them. Whiles fhips ride here, Gum-
broon is a garriſon foure hundred horfe and foot attend their Gene-
rall; but dare not fight againſt the Sonne, all fummer billeting where they
can find food and fhelter. In winter you may find here, Merchants of
fundry Nations; Engliſh, Ducth, Perfians, Indians, Arabs, Armenians,
Turks, Lewes,and others. The most common commodities here, are belly
food; Wine, Rack, Sherbet, Roſewater,Sugar, Almonds, Dates, Pomgra-
nats, Figs, Currans, Orenges, Lemmons, Pomecitrons, Mirabolans, Ap-
ples, Peares, Quinces, and Flowers, in great variety. As alfo, Goates,
Hens, egges (two yeare old,) Ryce, &c. moft of which are fold by the
crafty, faire fpoken Bannyans, who fwarme through all parts of Afia.
They will readily trade or prattle with Chriftian, Turk, lew, or Gentile,
but have no good fellowship, for they hate to eat or drink with any fave of
their owne cafts and religion; rice, plaintains, and ſome fruits they ear,
drink water or ſherbet (which is faire water, roſewater, fugar and juyce
of Lemons put together): but for flesh, eggs, or fuch roots, as raddith and
the like, refembling blood or wine, not one bitt would they eat, though
you would give the poorest knave amongſt them, a thousand pound; they
are troubled with Pythagoras dreames, doubting thereby they might eat
the foules of their friends or parents; which tranfmigration of foules
Tibullus elegantly thus detects to his Miftreffe.
up
Quinetiam mea tunc Tumulus cum rexerit offa
Scu matura dies fato properat mihi mortem
Longa manet feu vita,tamen mutata figura,
Seu me fingit equum rigidos percurrere campos
Do&tum, feu tardi pecoris furg loria Taurus,
Sive ego per liquidum volucris vehar aëra pennis.
In quemcunq; hominem me longa receperit ætas,
Inceptisde te fubtexam carmina chartis.
3
When (furthermore the grave my bones fhal hide,
Or ripened dayes to swift foot death shall glide,
Or lengthned life remains, in shape exchangde
Making me horse,well managed to range
The fields, or Bull the glory of the heard
Or through the liquid Ayre I flie a Bird.
Into what man foere long tyme me makes,
These works begun of thee, fresh verses takes.
Some Sudatories(cald here Hummums,) fome Mofques, fome Syna-
gogues and Sanhedrins are here; but thoſe ſo obſcure, that the eye can
fcarce direct us to them. Moft remarkable is the great Bannyan Tree, a
league Eaſt from the Towne, and oppofite to Ormus Caſtle: a Tree (or
rather twenty Trees, the boughs rooting and fpringing up a whole aker
together) rounded within and ſhaded in forme of a Theater, two hundred
and nine paces about as I meaſured and wherein, or under, may ambuſh
very ſecretly three hundred horfe: fome call it the arched Fig tree, fome
Arbor de Rays, (a tree of Roots) others de Goa: namd by us theBannyan
Tree,from their adorning and ador ing it with ribbons and ſtreamers of va-
ricoloured Taffata, a goodly Diety ! fuch a one as Pliny obfervd long fince
in his Travayles amongst 'em. Hæc fuere Numinum Templa, priſcoque ritu,
etiam nunc fimplicia rura Deo præcellentem Arborem dicant. Here under
alfo
1
LIB. 2
123
Gumbrown.
Carmania.
•
alfo,they have a temple,fupported on one fide by the body of the tree, un-
ſeen to ſuch as are without the branches; in which (for I adventured in) are
three of the moſt deformed Pagods or Idols imaginable; invocated by
the Bannyan in memoriall of Cuttery, shuddery, and Wife, their three dei-
fied predeceffors; kept by an old doting Braminy, who for above three-
fcore yeeres in this irreligious place has moft wickedly facrifizd his foule
to Belzebub; for many yeeres hee had all the Pagods offerings, part being
the virginity of the Brides (at ten yeeres commonly) which fince he can-
not actuate, he is not afham'd (as I was told) to contra&t with Travellers,
who in an infernall diſguiſe reap the unripe and unholy Holocaufts.
The Inhabitants (I exclude ſtrange Merchants) are Olive-coloured,
white onely in their teeth: their apparell is a fhaſh above, a Shuddero or
linnen about their waiſts, and elfe-where naked. They cut their skin,
A Perfian Man Woman neer the Gulph
A Nofe Lewell.
<
and burne round circles in their flesh,to fymbolize their pride and love,fir
reverence; Cupid has not fire enough, but they muft help him! Pompe
nius Mela long fince thus anatomiz'd them; Carmani funt fixe vefte, fruge,
pecore, fedibus pifcium fe cute velant, vefcuntur carne,&c. The female
fex are wrapt in white (not from innocence;) fome goe naked upwards;
moſt valuable in their cares and nofes, which are the richest parts about
them, each eare being garniſht with a dozen filver Rings, and their fingers
R &
with
124
LIB. 2
Carmania.
;
Band-Ally.
with fuch like gingadoes,fome which are looking-glaffes to admire them-
felves (rare beauties) in; their armes and legges are laden with voluntary
fhackles of braffe and Ivory: in their nofes they put their moſt pretious
Jewels; bronches of gold, fet with Garnats, Emralds, Turquoiſes, and
like ftones of value: and with it,other round Rings headed with ragged
pearle, fuch as with their intollerable impudence makes me fay, they are
the moſt nafty, pocky Whores you ſhall find in any place, and who very
fitly comply with Ovids remedy of love.
To concomitate thofe carrion women,take notice of thofe troopes of
Jackalls, which here more than any other where rally themſelves, not
only each night committing burglary in the Town, but commonly they
teare the dead out of their graves, and with a vulture appetice devoure
their carcaffes; all the while ululating and in offenfive noifes barking ·
and ecchoing out their facriledge. Wee made good fport to hunt them
with doggs and fwords, but they are too many to be banisht, too unruly
to be conquered. I take them for thoſe the Romans call'd Crocuta, the
Greeks Alopecide, or Lycifce (Multum latrante Lycifca) and are either an
unnaturall mixture of a Bitch and Fox, or doggs from Europe; by diver-
fity of ayre and foile varying in fpecie from what they were formerly;
obferv'd in other things; the Indian Ounces, what be they but extract
from Cats of Europe? Spaniſh doggs, in new Spaine, in the ſecond litter
doe they not become Wolves? good Melons being alfo tranfplanted in-
to a baſe and barren ground, turne quickly to ordinary Cowcumbers.
way
Fourteene day es are paft fince we entred Gombroon; the place has no
fuch Magick to perſwade us to inhabit here. Our end is travell, why ftay
we then? fure, wee were ftayed three dayes by the Sultans fuperftition,
who upon cafting the Dice, if the chance prov'd right, would let us goe;
if wrong,nigro carbone notatus.The foure and twentieth day the Die was
right, and wee were mounted; our little Carravan confifted of twelve
horfe and 29 Camells: the English Agent and other of our owne, and
fome Dutch Merchants attended our Ambaffadour à league out of the
Towne; where, the Sultan met us, who (well pleas'd with the Pifcafh
or Preſent our Ambaffador had given him) payed us all a hundred Sallams
and Teſſelams: that is, God ſpeed you well, God keepe you. And lifting
up his eyes to heaven, his hands to his breaft, and bending almoſt unto his
ftirrop,once more bad farewell & fo returned. His men & he all the
back played at Giochi di Canni, darting at one another very dexterously.
Wee heard the King was folacing at the Cafpian Sea, whither now wee
are travelling. Till then let us keepe an Ephemerides or day-journey.
The firſt night (from Gumbroon) wee rode to Bandally, fixteene English
miles (and moſt part along the gulph) or to compute it in the Perfian
tongue, five farfangs and a halfe, a farfang (Pling calls it a parafang which
containes thirty ftades or foure Italian miles) is three of ours, or a Dutch
league, in names only different. At Band Ally we found a neat Carravans.
ram or Inne, the Turks call them Imareths, the Indians Sarrays; built by
mens charity, to give all civill paffengers a refting place gratis; to keepe
them from the injury of theeves, beafts, weather,&c: for, through all
Afia we find no other receptories,nor provifion fave what we carry along,
and
LIB. 2
125
Tangbe Dolon.
Wormoot.
and Kirchin utenfils to dreffe it in; alſo wee have our water uſually in
Tancks or Store-houſes, fome made long, fome round, pav'd below;
above, archt and plaiffered; fill'd by the beneficiall raynes (fprings are
rarely found) which albeit the clouds feldome here diftill their happy
moiſture, they fomtimes breake, and then in churliſh fort diffude to fome
purpoſe; for, falling in Cattaracts they quickly fill their gaping Jarrs and
Cefterns. Nextnight wee got to Gacheen, five farfangs further; the third
night to Cowrestan, ſeven; next, to Tanghy-Dolon (i. e. a narrow way)
praife-worthy in her Lodge or Carravans-raw,but especially in the fweet
Cryftallin water wee found there. It iffues from a mighty mountain three
miles Eaſt thence,and in an Aqua-duct ſports wantonly to this Tanck,whofe
over-plus is received (by another Pipe laid in an artificiall way cut mar-
vellously through the bottome of an adjoyning rockie hill) into a large
Pond;which, richly mellowes all the Vally (refembling Tempe) and Town
call'd Dolon, furrounded with ftudpendious hills on every fide, fo per-
pendicular, as with few men may bee made impregnable; a folitary place
it is, but exceeding pleafant; when from the hill tops wee dazell our
fights in view of that fandy, ftony, fterill Defert. That dayes journey was
foure farfangs.
Our next daies travell was to Whormoot, eleven farfangs (thirty three
miles) where we found a black pavillion; in it three old Arabians; who,
out of their Alcoran ingeminated a dolefull requiem to their Brothers
carcaffe, over which they fat; their lookes were clouded with pathetick
fadneffe, their cheekes bedewed with briny teares, intending (after the
Jewish mode, septem ad luctum) to folemnife his farewell feven daies,
finging, fighing, weeping.
In teares we finde content,
Eft quædam flere voluptas,
For, griefe would break our hearts without a vent. Expletur lachrimis, egeriturque Dolor!
Nigh Whormoot are Duzgun, Laztan-De, and other Townes, where is
got the beſt Affa-Fætida through all the Orient:the tree is like our brier
in height, the leaves reſemble Fig leaves, the root the Radiſh: the vertue
had need be much, it ftincks fo odiously. But, though the favour bee fo
bafe, the fapor is fo excellent, that no meat, no fauce, no veffell pleafes
the Guzurats pallat, fave what reliſhes of it. Next night we got to Our
mangell, five: and next day to Larr; two miles fhort of which old Ciry,
the Cawzy, Calantar and other of the prime Citizens welcomed us wich
wine and other adjuncts of complement. Wee had not rode halfe a mile
further, when, loe an antick Perfian out of a Poetick rapture, clamored
out a fong of welcome: the Epilog was refounded upon kettle Drums,
Timbrells, and Barbarrous Jingle-jangling inftruments; a homely Venus
attired like a Bacchanell, attended by many other morifdancers, begun to
caper and frisk their beſt lavoltoes; every limb ftrove to exceed each
other, the Bells, braffe Cimbals, kettle mufick and whiftles, ſtorming ſuch
a Phrygick difcord,that to confort we might fqueak'out.
Their ruftick pipes did jarre,
with notes that horrid are.
Barbaraque horribili ftridebat tibia canru.
For
126 Carmania.
LIB. 2
Larr.
}
For Bacchus then feemed alive agen: glaffe bottles emptied of wine
claſhing one againſt another, the roaring of 200 Mules and Affes,and con-
tinuall fhooting and whooping of above two thouſand Plebeians all the
way,fo amazed us; that wee thought, never any civill ftrangers were bom-
bafted with ſuch a Triumph; the noyfe that Vulcan and all his Cyclops
make,were not comparable to thefe Mymallonians. But his quoque finem,
wee got with much adoe to our lodging, infinitly wearied; for my owne
part, I was fomewhat deafe three dayes after.
LARR, is a City and Province in Perfia; on the North limited with
Parc or Pharfistan; on the Eaft with Carmoan or Carmania; has the Per-
fian gulph to the South; and to the Weft, Chufiftan or Sufiana; a region
a thousand miles in circuit: barren and flaming hot, full of ſand, ſtones,
a few Date trees, Mines, and fulphur.
The City Lar is in the navell of Lareftas, and raiſes the North pole
feven and twenty degrees and forty minutes; fome have more, twenty
eight degrees and thirtie minutes, in longitude from the cape Meridian
ninty degrees: a very old City it is;if call'd Laodicea by Antiochus,as Pines
tus thinkes, (in Phrygia and Coelofria were Townes of the fame name in
Ptolomy) Procopolis by another Greek; Corrha after that, and now Ler
(or Laar as fome pronounce it) a name given her foure hundred yeeres
ago by Laarge-beg, fonne of Phiroe, and grandſonne to Pilaes, after whom
ruled Gorgion Melec (of whom their Cabala feigns wenders) to whom fol-
lowed eighteen Kings, of whom Ebrahim-cawn was laſt, fubje&ted ( Anno
hegire 985. of ours 160s) by a ftratagem Emangoli-cawn Duke of shy-
raz overthrew him by, to fatiate the hungry ambition of Abbas his Mafter,
and (which is rare confidering the great poverty of his Country) for the
Kings part loaded away with treafure feven hundred Cammells. The
captiv'd King Ebrahim had his life and a noble penfion promift him, hee
enjoyed them but awhile, an unexpected fword of death betraying his
hopes, without which the Dyadem fat not right upon the head of Shaw-
Abbas the foveraigne,
Nine dayes we ſtaid in Larr; a fhame it were, if in fo long time we had
noted nothing. Lar is from Gumbroon ſeven ſmall dayes riding; from
Shyraz foureteene, from Babylon twenty: a very poore Towne it is, as
being parcht with the fcalding Sun, defaced by rage of warre, and thrown
down by many fearfull Earth-quakes. Anno Domini 1400, it fhook ter-
ribly, and made five hundred houfes proftrate to its Tiranny. Anno 1593.
of their account 973. fhe boafted of five thousand houfes; but fee how
vain: is the pride of man: that very yeere, the earth fweld with fuch a
dreadfull tympany, that in venting it felfe, it made all Larr to quake; and
in fine, would not be fuppreft, but by the weight of three thouſand houſes
turned topfi-turvie, quafhing to death three thouſand men in their de-
ftruction. The old Caſtle alfo on the Eaft fide of the Towne (it owes its
foundation to Georgean Melec) though built atop a folid rock, groand in
a like affrighting downfall: and to me it ſeemed ftrange, a City fo ftrong-
ly, fo furely founded, ſhould be ſo ſubject to fuch unnaturall.commotions.
Whither it be (as Democritus dreamt) from the gaping Sun-torne earth
quaffing in too greedily too much water, and (like a glutted drunkard)
over™
L1B. 2
Sufiana. 127
Larr.
>
1
overcharging her caverns, vomits it up in a forcible and diſcontented mc-
tion; or whether (as Aristotle teaches) from vapors ingendred in the
bowels of the earth, and loth to bee impriſoned in a wrong orb, rends its
paffage by a viperous horrid motion: or whether from fubterranean fires,
the ayre inflamed upon fulphus, or ſuch exuberances of nature, I dare not
conclude, but leave fuch theories to thofe that ftudy Meteors. Let as
therefore ſee what Larr now is.
Larr, the Metropolis of this Province, is not wald about; in that, Art
is needleffe, the lofty rocks on Eaſt and North ſo naturally defend her:
befides, a brave Caſtle at the North quarter (mounted upon an imperious
hill) not only threatens an enemy, but awes the Towne in a frownig
poſture: the aſcent is narrow and fteep: the Caftle of good ftone: the
walls are furnifht with uſefull battlements: whereon are mounted twelve
braffe cannon pedroes, and two bafilisks (the ſpoiles of Ormus:) within
the Caftle wall are raifda hundred houfes, ftored with men, moft part
foldatts, who have there a gallant Armory able to furnish with Lance,
Bow,and Gun,three thouſand men: it is a fort without,of a ſtately frame:
within, is no leffe commendable: the Buzzar is alſo a gallant fabrick; the
materiall is good chalkie ftone; long, ftrong, and beautifull: a quadrant
I cannot call it, the fides are fo unequall: tis cover'd atop, archt, and (in
piazza fort) a kinde of Burfe; wherein each ſhop ſhowes ware of ſeverall
qualities: the Alley from North to South, is 170 of my paces; from
Eaſt to Weft, a hundred and fixty; the ovall in center is about a hundred
and ninty: a building (to fpeak of the Afiaticks)in fome hundreds of miles,
fcarce to be parrelled. Neere this Buzzar are coyned the Larrees, a fa-
mous fort of money, fhap'd like a long Date ftone, the Kings name ftampt
upon pure filver, in our money valuing ten pence.
The Mofques here bee not many; one eſpeciall Mofque (or Deer) it
has,round(either ſhadowing out Æternity,or from a patterne of the Alca-
be the holy Temple in Mecca, whoſe ſhape they ſay Abraham had from
heaven) in fome part varniſht with Arabick letters, and painted knots, gar-
nicht in other parts with Mofaick fancies: tis low, and without glaffe win-
dowes, wodden trellizes (excellently cut after their invention) fupplying
them: the entrance is through a brazen gate,neer which is hung a Mirrour
whether to admire their tallow faces in, or internal deformities, I know
not: fome lamps it alſo has, for uſe and ornament: fome Prophets reft
their bones here, take one for all. Emeer-Ally-zedday-ameer,a long-namd-
long-bon'd (if his grave bee right) long fince rotten Prophet; the older
Prophet, the frefher profit; zeale and charity oft times worship antiquity:
but how can I credit them that he was a Mahometan; they fay (if that will
not pleaſe, they fweare) hee died a thousand five hundred yeeres ago, fix
hundred yeeres before Mahomet, and yet a Muffulman: their faith admits
no queſtions nor anfwers, or if it did, wee will not trouble it: For I fee
variety of good fruit close by, to which I have a better appetite; here are
the fairest Dates (Dactills in Latin from their finger like fhape) Orenges,
Lemons,& Pomcitrons you find in Perfia, if thofe will not pleafe,you buy
here at eafie rates, Goats, Hens, Rice, Rach,and Aquavitæ: but for their
water (wee dreft our meat with it, the people drink it) they call it Ob-
baroon
!
128 sufiana.
LIB. 2
Larr.
Ob-baroon which in the language of Perfia fignifies rain-water: but with
farre more reaſon I may call it Aqua-Mortis ; death feeming to bubble in
it. A bafe qualified water it is; whether that their Tancks or Magazeens
are ill made, or naftily kept, and by that the water is corrupted; or whe-
ther the raine of it felfe is infalubrious and loathſome I cannot tell; but
both it may bee makes it fo bad as it is; fo unfapory, fo ill to the guft, as
worſe water for tafte,and eſpecially for property can fcarce be reliſhed as
little of it came in my belly as could be borrowed from extremity of thirſt;
and I ſuppoſe I had good reaſon to forbeare it: for, it caufes Catarrhs,
breeds fore eyes, ulcerates the guts, and which is more terrible than the
reft, it ingenders fmall long worms in the legges of fuch as ufe to drink
it; and, which fort of vermin is not more loathfome to look upon, than
painfull to the itching diſeaſe of them that breed 'em; by no potion, no
unguent, to bee remedied: they have no other way to deftroy them, fave
by rowling them about a pin or peg, not unlike the treble of a Theorbo;
the moſt danger being this, that if in the fcrewing the worme chance to
break, it makes them very dolefull Mufick, for it endangers the leg, apt to
gangreen and (but by lancing) hardly curable. The water is the natu-
rall cauſe of this ftrange malady: and feemes to mee to bring the venome
from the region where tis generated; for, commonly the clouds here at
Larr are undigefted (as in the Tornadoes I have formerly ſpoken of) and
unagitated by the wind; Nor do the clouds diftill their raine in drops as
is ufuall in colder regions, but in whole and violent irruptions; dange
rous both in the fall, and no leffe hurtfull in the ufing.
The Inhabitants are moft part naked and merit as naked a relation:
they are a mixture of Jewes and Mahomitans: both of them, a fwarthy de-
formed generation : for generally in this City they are blear-eyd, rotten
tooth'd, and mangy legd: the violent heat and poyfonous waters caufes it:
the habit of the greater part of them is only a wreath of Callico tyed
about their heads; their mid-parts are circled with a Zone of vari-colo-
red plad, and have Sandalls upon their feet, elſewhere being naked: fome
indeed have fhaſhes of filke and gold, tulipanted about their heads; they
roab themſelves in coats or Cabays of Satten;and eſpecially inrich their fin-
gers with rings of filver fet with Turqueifes or Cornelians, and in which
they affect to have ingraven their owne name, or fome felected pofie out
of the Alcoran : upon their thumb they commonly weare a ring of horne
which makes the arrowes go off ſtrong and eaſily: their crooked fwords
alſo afford them no fmall delight, the blades being exceeding good,the
hilts no leffe valuable; for they are of gold: In this City fhould bee a
river and that not a small one,if our Geographick Maps were true;but they
erre egregiously, for here not only is no river, but allo none elfe is to bee
found in a hundred miles travell, go which way you will: for both by in-
quiring of many Perfians & our own experience in further travell, I could
neither heare of nor ſee any river neerer us than Tabb,famous in her fepa-
rating Sufiana from Carmania; and from Larr, weftward about 5 fmall daies
journey hence: or that other of Cyre,over which we rode twixt Shyraz and
old Persepolis: fome ſmall brooks wee rode over; but rivers no man muſt
dare to call them,fince none of them in bredth or depth exceed 3 foot.
Weſt
1
LIB. 2
129
Faaroon
Sufiana
-
Weſt of Larris Iaarown, twenty farfangs (or threeſcore Engliſh miles
thence: it is a Town confifting of a thouſand Jewiſh families: fome make
it their rode toshyraz, but the way is extreame ftony and mountainous,bad
for horſemen, worſe for ill-fhod Camells. Thefe Jewes (or Jehuds as the
Perfians call them) are a remnant of thoſe foure Tribes, Salmanaffar fon
toTyglath Pilezer the Affyrian King forc't from Samaria Anno Mundi 3220.
placing them in Hala, Hara and Ghabor (by the river Gozan) Cities of the
Medes: the Towne (I do but imagine fo) is named from laarim a memo-
rable Towne in Canaan: they have fome Sinagogues, but no high Priefts;
the Moſaicall Law they have wonderfully corrupted: they are to this day
a hardharted ſubtle people; very cowardly, rich, but odious to all other
religions: moft remarkable, is a precious liquor or Mummy growing here,
Mumnaky koobas they call it, a liquor which none dare take, for all is
carefully lookt to for the King. It diftills (in June only) from the top of
thofe ftupendious Mountaines, every yeere about five ounces: a moiſt
redolent gumme it is, foveraign againſt all forts of poyſon; and (if we may
beleeve them) a Catholicon for all wounds and moſt diſeaſes: when other
Princes fend this King prefents of gold,pearle, or other coftly devices; he
fends them back, a little of this Balfome, as a full remuneration. Theſe
Mountaines are famofed in ftory; After Alexander had preyed and facri-
ficed in Sufa(betrayd by Abulites a time-ſerving Satrapa)he led his wanton
Army towards Perfepolis; his neereft paffage was over thefe hills of 14-
arown (in thoſe dayes cald Pile Perfidis and Sufaida) where to his amaze-
ment,he was fo beaten by Ariobarzanes a Martialiſt and his fmall company,
that (contrary to the pace and honour of the worlds Monarch) he was
conſtrain'd to retreat apace, and ſhamefully to avoyd that thundering
ftorme of ftones and arrowes.
The eleventh of February we left Larr, Codgea-Obdruzy the Governor
furniſhed us (to shyraz) with Mules, very poore ones; the Affes they
return'd upon:no matter. Mules are Emblems of fobriety; our Harbinger
(or Mammandore in Perfian) was an honeft Cozelbafh,and would be fure,
(hopefull of fome reward, and becauſe his part lay therein) at every place
where we made our Manzeel or reft, to provide us good lodging, and
ſuch meat as the country would affoord us: by vertue of his authority do-
mineering over the wretched Rufticks more than pleaſed us; he would
proffer them a little mony for what he liked; if they refuſed to take it, he
took it then by force, and Alla Soldado payd them in big words and bafti-
nadoes in miferable flavery the pefants live; a foldiers life is here the
moft honourable and fafeft. The first night we pitcht our Tents not far
from Larr, but were ftopt next day by an immoderate flood of raine,that
made the earth fo flippery,as our Cammells glib-hoofes could not foot it;
the raine falls ſeldome here, but when it comes,they both feele and heare
it: fome times it raiſes fuch a Deluge as fweeps men and houſes away; fix
yeeres ago (in this place) a Caravan of two thouſand Camels perifht by
the fury of it. The foureteenth day wee rode to Deachow (or Techoo)
which fignifies a Towne under a hill, where we ſee many prettie Tombs,
not any without his grave-ftone and an Arabick memoriall. The Alcoran
commands that none be buried in Cities,for feare the noyſome Carcaffes
ន
infe&
1
130 Perfia.
LIB. 2
Berry.
infect the living, but in a Gemitery nigh the moſt publique highway; that
by viewing the Sepulchers of the dead (the Romans did the like, the E-
gyptians had them in their banquetting houſes) they might contemplate
their mortality. A mile from this Towne we view'd threefcore black Pa-
villions; black without; within full of female beauties: the Perfians call
them Vloches; the Arabs,Kabilai; the Turq'ftans and Armenians, Taipha;
the Tartars, Hoords ; the Antients,Nomades; of whom the Poet thus:
Nulla domus, plauftris habitant, migrare per Arva
Mos, atq; errantes circumvectare Penates.
Their Çarts their houſes are,their fole delight
To wander with their houſe-Gods day and night.
I cannot chufe but wander a little if I keepe fuch company.
So
Vertue, the Trophy of a refin'd ambition, is purchafed by embracing the
excellent and wholfome Notions of an humble foule, of a well-temper'd
ſpirit, whoſe heavenly radiance reſpects no other object with delight ſave
vertue, from which pure ftreame flowes Moderation, to whofe excellen-
cie (next to ſpirituall facrifice) wee may fafely devote our beft endevours.
apt to every immodeſt A&t, is mans corrupt difpofition, that to enjoy
fenfuality he conceits vertue (though neverfo gorgeoufly arrayed) foule
and deformed: till moderation force him to a ftrict account, and diſcover
how much he erred, in preferring intemperance before the tranfcendent
qualities of a vertuous life: and from whence, when we contemplate the
contented life and poverty of thefe Vloches, needs muft wee condemne
our felves of lothfome ryot. For, how free from unfeaſonable care, pale
Envie, affrighting Tumult, and nafty furfet doe theſe enjoy themfelves;
happy Conquerors! how mutually doe they accord, how joyfully fatiate
Nature, in what is requirable.Heare Lucan praifing them.
O prodiga rerum
Luxuries! nunquam parvo contenta paratu.
Difcite quam parvo liceat producere vitam
Et quantum Natura petat ?
Non Auro Mirrhaq; bibunt, fed gurgite puro
Vita redit; fatis eft populis Auviufq; Cerefq;.
Baſe luxurie ! wherein ſo much is fpent.
Learne with how little, Nature is content.
In Goldand Mirrh, thefe drink not, but are beft
In health, when bread and water is their feaft.
To returne; fo foone as Phœbus had runne thrice fifteene degrees in
our Hemifphere, we mounted our melancholly Mules,and made our next
Manzeel at Berry. Nothing was obfervable in the way, fave a huge thick
wall, of great length and height,cut by infinite toyle out of the follid rock,
to fafeguard the Larians from the shyrazians, Larr in that place termi-
nating.
Berry is a fmall Village; it promifes much at diftance, but when there,
deludes the expectation: yet is it famous through the Perfian Territories,
both from the prerogatives an ancient learned Syet endued it with, con
firmed by all fucceeding Princes; and from an Arabick Schoole, diftin-
guifht into claffes, of the civill Law, Aftrologie, Phyfick, and fuch as leads
to Mecca: commendable in their Pythagorean filence,learning to difcourfe
by wincks, nods, and fuch dumb notions; for babling is in all Arabick
Schooles wonderouſly hated: they alſo obferve two rules efpecially,obe-
dience,and moving the body too & fro in reading: adjoyning this Schoole,
is
1
LIB. 2
131
Bannarow.
I
Perfia
1
is a Deer or Moſquit, a venerable place, chiefly by being a Dormitory to
their greateſt Doctor Emamm-zeddey-a meer a maddy-Ally, a Prophets
fonne,and allyed to holy Ally; in this grave enjoying (fay they) eight hun-
dred yeeres reft; a great antiquity. His Tomb is rais'd foure foot from
the pavement, is eight foot long, covered with a white fine linnen cloth;
the Tomb-ftones are carved and painted with knots and poefies of Arabick;
neere him are fixt two Lances to memorize his quondam profeffion, and
fome Enfignes not of ordinarie invention: Vpon his Coffin lie a fet of
goodly Beads, to help his devout memorie, and which to this day retaine
their Maſters vertue of working miracles. Atop the Chappell is a globe
(or fteele mirrour) pendant, wherein thefe Linx-eyed people view the
deformity of their finnes. They alſo fhewed us a fquare ftone pearced and
hung neere the wall, a rare ſtone, a relique moft notorious! the Prophet
uſed to burthen the backs of impenitent finners with it, telling them their
impiety made it ſeeme heavie, a waight ſo ponderous as made them take
the right path to be quit of it. A little pot comes next to our deſcription,
holding a foveraigne unguent made eight hundred yeeres fince, oft us'd,
and never exhauſted: and is not only good to help fore eyes, but a Panacea
againſt all diſeaſes; to crowne all, his booke (no Alfurcan of devotion) is
layd upon his carcaffe; any body is ſuffered to ſee it a far off, but to touch
it is counted a prefumption, the impure breath of man peradventure infe-
&ting it: in ftormes and croffes they finde remedy with only naming it:
the Church is neatly matted, a Mofque of fo much holineffe, that none
muſt enter with boots or fhooes on: ſuch as want iffues (I meane not in
their leggs) health, wealth, friends, or the like, upon their offring fhall
have fatisfaction. The Oracle (the Prieft) never cheats them. Sed non ego :
credulus illis: and with that I bid Berry farewell.
Next night wee got to Bannerow. The laft Towne feafted us with Tra-
ditions, this with good cheare, mufick, three kettle drummes, and fix
dumb Mufquets. The ruines of an ancient Caſtle (demoliſht lately by the
Perfian) fhewes its ribs, through which the coole ayre blowes, feldome
failing from the top of that ftupendious Mountaine: one ſide of the Caſtle
wall is anatomized to the Town,the other to the ftony Defart. Next night
we lay in Goyeme, bragging in a thousand rotten houfes. After we had re-
pos'd an houre, a Hocus-pocus affronted us, and performed rare tricks of
Activity. I remember fome of them. He trod upon two flicing hooked
Semiters with his bare feet, then layd his naked back upon them, fuffering
a heavie Anvill to be layd on his belly, and two men to hammer out foure
horfhooes on it very forceably. That trick ended, he thruft his armes and
thighes thorow with many Arrowes and Lances; then,by meere ſtrength
of his block-head helift up a yard from the ground a great frone, weighing
fix hundred pound, and (as ifhee had done nothing) knit his haire to an
old Goats head, and with a ſcornfull pull tore it afunder, at that crying
outAllowgh-whoddaw i.e.God help him;the ftanders by with a loud yell,ap
plauded him: we gave him particular thanks,and told him he was a pret-
tie fellow. But what was hee? to fpeake of Marius(one of the thirty Ty-
rants) who with one of his fingers could overthrow a loaded Wayne: or
of Polydamas, who with one hand would hold a wild Bull by his hinder
Sa
legg,
132 Perfia.
LIB. 2
Cut Babbaw.
legg,and in defpight of his beft force ftop him, as Col. Rhod. and Treb. Pollio
have it. But in remembring thefe, I had almoft forgot to tell you, that in
Goyeom, is fairely intombed one Melec Mahomet, famous for fomenting the
authority of his Mafter Mahomet, when the Saracens begun to canvafle it.
Next night we loft one another by a careleffe affociating, and had a mi.
ferable lodging in that vaft and barren wilderneffe: affording no graffe, no
trees, no water, but ftones and fand in great abundance, Oftriches, Storks,
and Pellicans her fole Inhabitants. I beleeve the earth has worne Flora's
livery; but, by the parching rage of Warre, or continued heat of the fla-
ming Sunne becomes thus miferably defart, or rather from the juft wrath
of Almighty God, who (as King David fings) makes a fruit full land barren,
for the ungodlineffe of them that dwell therein. Next day wee quefted in
fearch of our Garravan, and with much trouble recovered it: that night
alfo pitching in the Defart,were welcom'd by ſuch a ſudden ſtorm of rain,
thunder, and lightning, as made our cheare more wretched, impriſoning
us alfo in our Tents. Next day, wee had the weather comfortable, the
fight of a few Date and Maftick tree, refreshing us; confuting Coriats con-
ceit, that Maſtick is found no where but in Syo. By the way we tooke no-
tice of an od-devis'd Tomb (it inhum'd a harmleffe Shepheard) hung to
and fro with threds tripartite (it may be,fhadowing out the Trinity) each
thred beautified with party-coloured wooll, at each end a Puppet to pro-
tect it, fome Cypreffes were added to condecorate and to revive the old
Idoll ceremony.
in Stant manibus Aræ
Cæruleis mæftæ vittis, atraq; Cupreffo.
Altars their ghosts to please
Trim'd with blew fillets and fad Cypreffes.
The next (the two and twenty of February) by the way we had fome
fport in diflodging a wild Bore, but neither fhot nor dogs reaching him
we made Cut-bobbo our manzeil; Mohack our next(in which are buried Ma-
homet, Hodge, Izmael, and Ally, foure great Musulmannish Doctors, in-
tombd here 400 yeares ago, reſorted to with no ſmall reverence.) Next
day to Coughton, to Vnghea next, thence to Moyechaw, next day to Pally-
pot-fham (leaving Bobbaw-hodgee on our left hand) next night pitching a
farfangh fhort of shiraz, where we expected a ceremonious entrance:
but ſeeing none came out to meet us, our Ambaffadour (who was ever
jealous of his honour) fent his Mammandar to the Governour, (the great
Duke was hauking fifty myles thence, of purpofe abfent,) to demand freſh
horfes and a befitting welcome. The Daraguad in perfon came to diffem-
ble, firft excufing his Lord the Duke, who would go neer to kill him for
not acquainting him with this excellent Advantage to manifeft his inte-
grity unto our Nation, in comparison of whom all other in the world
were odious. In a word (perceiving our hafte) he humby befeecht his
Lordſhip to practize but three dayes patience, till the great Duke might
honour his entrance, and difplay his radiance; a favour of a double reflex,
in that it would infinitely content their Governour, and accumulate an
incomparable ſplendor and triumph to his entrance, clofing his hypocrific
with an if not, he was then preft to ufher his Lordfhip to his lodging.
The
LIB. 2
Perfia. 133
Sheraz
The Ambaffador eaſily defcryed him to be a synon, fent meerly to betray
his credulity: foas perceiving no remedy, the twilight helping his filent
paffage (Apollo had already drencht his fiery tramels in maddame Thetis
lapp, Cynthia alfo lookt pale, as difpleafd with fo much knavery) we jo gd
leafurely on upon our Portugall Trumpetters, who (fo foone as they wind-
ed the fmoak and ayre of this excellent Citty,) fpared the Perfians a labour
in their braffe pans, hoboyes and fuch Phrygick Mufique, fometimes bray-
ing out, at other tymes ecchoing to one another in their Mymallonian
Cornets, as if fome Orgies to Liber Pater had been folemnizing in fo much
as many ran out of doores, others fired their flambeauxes to know the
cauſe and glut their wonder. After long circling we arrivd at shock- Ally.
Begs Pallace (the Dukes fubftitute) where our Lord was wearied with a
prolix Apologie, and then made to tafte a Banquet of dainties. After
which they convoyd us to Ally-chan, a neat houſe at the Eaft end of the
City, belonging to the King, incompaft with as brave Gardens and as fpa-
cious as moft in Afia. And now the vexation is paſt, why do we make it
an indignity, as if Nocturnall entries had not equall luftre with the day ;
the Artificiall light we had(for ought you know) might eclipfe the fplen-
dor of the ſtarry firmament. Holofernes chofe the night to make a tri-
umphant entrance into Damas. Proud Antiochus took the fame time into
Hierufalem, Auguftulus into Rome, and haughty Sapores, into this very
City. Let us now triffle no longer, but view the City.
SHERAZZ (fo they pronounce it)the pleaſanteſt of Afiatique Cities,
is removed from the Equator nine and twenty degrees, forty minutes,
and in longitude 88 degrees. By Be Ionas (so yeares ago) cald Syaphaz,
by Corn. de Iudais Sitas and Sivas, by Oforius Xiraz, by Raleigh Siras, by
Stephanus Cyrecbatha, by Cœlius Ciropolis, a frivolous conceit, fince all
old Topographers place it and the river Cyrus in Hyrcania in the latitude
ofthirty nine degrees and a halfe: and of longitude eighty three degrees,
five and forty minutes. And of that name is one in Media as Ptol. in Sogdi
ang one neere Iaxartes as Quintus Curtius, in India one,as Ælianus,a river
alſo ſo called in Armenia as Pliny notes,but none,in Perfia a Ciropolis. This
name Sheraz (as I conje&ure) is a derivative from Sheer (milk in the Per-
fian language) or Sherab a grape, no part of the orient fhewing better or
richer wine; from like reaſon, that Aleppo takes name from Halip milke,
(and not from Alepius Leiftenant to Iulian as fome dreame of) many other
Townes in Perfia denominating themſelves from what they are abundant
in, as Whermoote (a Towne of Dates.) Deachow (a hilly Towne) De-gar-
dow(a walnut Towne,)Baze-bakow, Perifcow, Cutbobban &c. or from Syra-
fes the incola of old, as Polienus has it in his 8 lib. de Semiramide. Ór îf
greek Synonymacs would carrie it, I might borrow the name from
Zelpa catena; or more properly a Twvcéípeiu per aftum. But affectation
is difcommendable.
For albeit ſhe be rayfed from the ruines of Perfepolis,that does not ftyg-
matize her with an upftart name, two thouſand yeares being paft fince it
was burned. I may therefore reject the peoples Cronicle, alluding her
firſt founder to be Tamſhed fift King of Perfia, after whom ruld (hedorl10-
mer, not long from Noah. Boterus may be taxed alfo,quando Sgras erat Sy-
ras, tunc
*
134
LIB. 2
Perfia.
Shyrazz.
}
ras, tunc Cayrus erat ejus pagus, an Adage never us'd by the inhabitants.
Antient no doubt he is, her name in hiſtory confirming it, Rocnaduddaule
(Sonne of Sha-Huffan Sonne of Abbaz Viez Lord of Bagdet, Kermoen, La
riftan and Shyraz (fo'tis then named) being here buried Anno Dom.
980. of the Hegira 360. And queftionleffe fhe has been much greater than
at this prefent. Vlughbeg (a learned Geographer and Nephew to Tamber-
lang) gives her in his tyme fifteene myles compaffe, Contarenus fifteene,
and eightie thouſand houfes. Barbarus eight(core yeares ago, gives her.
twenty; Teiſhera after him, fix and thirty myles circuit; Skikard upon
Tarich a like vaft circumference: Iohn of Perfia in his time numbred her
Inhabitants eightie thouſand, Ben-Ally thee hundred thouſand; we may not
gainfay their reports, becauſe no inquiry can difprove them ; let us there-
fore reft contented in her preſent deſcription, which I shall preſent you
(God willing) without errour.
Shiraz is diftant from Ormus,one hundred and eight farfangs or three hun-
dred and foure and twenty myles English. From Larr one hundred eightie
fix miles, from Babylon three hundred,from Spahawn two hundred two and
twenty, from the Caspian fea fix hundred, from Cazbyn. foure hundred
and eighty fix,from Perifcom foure hundred and forty,from Candahor three
hundred and fixtie, from Tezd two hundred and ninteeen, from Faza fixty
miles Engliſh. The Antient dwellers hereabouts are named Artista,
Tapiri, Cartii, and Orebatii. Maſqued in Parc, Fure, Fares, and
Farfiſtan.
Shyraz, at this day is the fecond City for magnificence in the Monar-
chy of Perfia; watered by Bindamyr (or Bradamyr) a fweet river that
drawes her deſcent from the Tapirian Mountaines, and after two hundred
miles circling in many wanton meanders, commixing with choafpes (now
Tab) and Flay, with them not farre from Valdac (old Shufhan) loſe them-
felves in the Gulph and promifcuouſly thence into the vaſt Indian
Ocean.
It fhewes fome walls built by Van Caffan, but feems to fcorne a limit-
ed bondage. It ſtretches from South-eaft to North-weft,three miles; and
not much leffe the other way; the compaffe nine myles or there abouts : is
pleaſantly ſeated in the North-weft end of a fpacious plaine, twenty miles
long, and fix broad; circumvolved with ftupendious hills, under one of
which this Towne is placed. Defended by Nature, inricht by trade, by
Art made lovely, the Vineyards, Gardens, Cypreffes, Sudatories, and
Temples, raviſh the eye and fmell, in every part fweet and delightfull.
Here Art magick was firft hatched. Here Nimrod (after Babells
confufion) lived and was buried. Here Cyrus (the moſt excellent of hea-
then Princes) was borne, and (all but his head) intombed. Here the great
Macedonian glutted his Ambition and Bacchifme. Here the firft Sybilla fung
our Saviours incarnation. Hence the Magi are thought to have fet forth
towards Bethleem, and here a ſeries of two hundred Kings have fwayd
their Scepters.
The houſes here are of Sun-burnt-bricks, hard and durable: not very
lofty; flat and tarraffed above, Belconies and the windowes curiously and
largely trellized: within, fpread with rich carpets; little other furniture
other
*
L1B. 2
135
Shyraz.
Perfia.
other where is noted. Sultan Shock- Allybegs houſe (where the first night
we were banqueted) is inferiour to few; his dining roome was high and
round and ſpacious. The archt roofe and ſide walls imboſt with gold, and
wrought into Imagery; fo fhadowed, that it was hard to judge whether
imboft,infcult,or painted. The windowes were of painted glaffe, the floore
fpred with curious Carpets. None are without their gardens, forrefts
rather of high Chenaers and Cypreffes.
Fifteen Moſques profeffe their bravery, round (after the holy Alkaba
in Mecca) til'd without, and pargetted with azure ftones refembling Tur-
quoifes; lined within, with pure black polifht Marble; the tops dignified
by many double guilded crefcents or fpires which gallantly reverberate
Apollo's yellow flames in a rich and delightfull fplendor.Two are eſpecially
note-worthy in their Antick ſteeples and Mofaick curiofity. The one is
fquare, fifty foot high in the body,leaded in fome part, covered with gold
and blue; the walls varnifht and wrought with knots and poefies, vaft and
unfurniſht (or unfiniſht) within; above, fpiring in two columns or pillars
of wood round, cut and garnifht with great bravery, very neer as high as
Paules in London. The (other) rather reſembling a royall Carvanf-raw) is
quadrangular; the fuperficies of Arabique invention, imboft with gold,
flagd with porphyre, painted with azure, garniſhed in many od mazes,
and made refplendent at fome folemnities by a thouſand Lamps and
Torches.
The other Mofques are not fo excellent, nor yet ſo bafe as not to invite
the buſie eye, regarding novelties. What they want in Architecture,they
fapply in reliques, venerably accounted of for intombing the rotten car-
caffes of fome Alcorannifh Doctors,whoſe hypocrifie have got fuch repute
with thoſe ſuperſtitious Ideots, that their Prieſts are fat, their Tombes in-
richt by fuperfluity of Zeale,no coft,no paines thought enough to manifeft
the integrity of impious)devotion. Some fepulchers are framd of Marble,
pure and fhining. Others of wood,cut into Antique carving,others expreffe
the painters Art, and others the Sculpters skill in braffe, in plate and coſtly
mettall. Where Art is defective, Nature(out of the treaſures of darkneffe)
has dignified them. In one place, Shaw-meer-Ally-Hamzy a prophetique
Mahomitan refts his bones, feven hundred yeares fince ferried by Charon
into Acheron for doating upon his deceitfull Alcaron. Threefcore paces
long I found the Moſque he is buried in, and in breadth juſt fo many. In
another, fleeps Sandant Empr-amakow contemporary with Mahomet, and
equally holy; with many moe, who are like to fleep till the Trumpet raife
them. Upon many of thefe Mofques the Storks have pyld their nefts. A
bird (as of the Ægyptians,fo) of theſe people, divinely eftemated.
The famous Stork which buildeth in the Agre
Fofters her naked young with tender care-
And by that love, their duty dothingage
When need requires to help her feeble Age.
Nor faile her hopes; for when fle cannot ftir,
The pious brood both feed and carry her.
Aerio infignis pietate Ciconia nido
Inveftes pullos pignora grata fovet.
Taliaque expeâat fibi mutua munera reddi
Auxilio hoc quoties mater egebat anus.
Nec pia fpem foboles fallit; nam fella parentum
Corpora,fert humeris,præftat & ore cibos.
The
136 Perfia.
LIB. 2
Shyraz.
The gardens here are many, and thoſe both large and beautifull. Many
of them (as I paced) are eight hundred paces long, and foure hundred
broad:Hong-fham (the Kings) challendges fuperiority ore all the reft, being
fquare and every way two thouſand paces. All of them be fafeguarded with
walls, fourteen foot high, foure foot thick, and of exceeding good work:
they rather reſemble groves or wilderneffes than gardens, but by that name
(the Perfian word is Bawt) are called; abounding in lofty pyramidall Cy
preffes, broad-ſpreading Chenawrs, tough Elme, ftreight Afh, knotty
Pines,fragrant Mafticks, Kingly Oaks,fweet Mirtles, ufefull Maple; and in
fruit trees alſo, as Grapes,Pomgranads, Pomecitrons, Orenges, Lemmons.
Piſtachoes, Apples, Peares, Peaches, Chefnuts, Cherries, Quince s, Wal-
nuts, Apricocks, Plums, Almonds, Figgs, few Dates, and Mellons of both
forts, and Flowers rare to the eye, fweet to the finell, and ufefull in phy-
fick the earth is dry and green, the ayre falubrious and healthy, and fuch
as may make good Tibullus his Fanſies of Elyfium.
Hic choreæ cantufq; vigent paffimque vagantes
Dulce fonant tenui guttere carmen aves.
Fert cafiam non culta feges,totofq; per agros
Floret odoratis terra benigna rofis.
Here fongs and dances have efteem, and (mall
Sweet-chirping birds with mufick comfort all.
Th'unculturd grond ſweet ſhrubs doth freely bring,
Senfe-fweetning roses without Art doe spring.
I confine my commendations to a league,the refidue being ſteril, moun-
tainous and unable to make Alexander an Epicure, (the wine excepted,
which is famouſed all ore the orient). Nothing ſo much troubles her as
want of water, yet fome it has, and might have more, were the Cittifens
ſomewhat more induftrious; a gallant river (Cirus of old) for two were fo
named) ſtreaming fweetly not fifteen miles thence, in the way to old
Perfepolis.
At the Nowrouz or fpring, the Gardens are opened for all to walk in.
The women for fourteene dayes have liberty to walk, and when loofe
(like birds infranfchifd) lofe themfelves in a labyrinth of wanton fports.
The men alfo, fome riding, fome fitting, fome walking, are all in one
tune, for drinking, finging, playing, till the bottles prove empty, fongs
fpent,and ftrings break, or that Morpheus lay his Caduceus over them. In all
my life I never faw people more jocund, and leffe quarelfome.
Hic no&tem ludo ducunt,& pocula læti
They revell all the night, and drink the round,
Confundunt cerebris, fomno vinoq; fepultis, Till wine and fleep their giddy brains confound.
Somewhat of Emangoly-cawn, the great Duke and his Banquet.
This brave man is a Georgian by difcent, a Muflulman by profeffion, a
Time-ferver for preferment: is one of thoſe foure Tetrarchs, that under
Abbas rule the Empire: his Territories reach every way welnigh fix hun-
dred miles, and affoord him the Titles of Arck-Duke of shyraz, Sultan
of Larr and Iaarown, Lord of Ormur, Maqueroon, Kermoen, Chufiftan, Si-
geftan and Farſiſtan, Prince of the gulph of Perfia, and Iles there; the great
Beglerbeg, commander of twelve Sultans, fifty thousand horfe,flave to
Shaw-Abbas
LIB. 2
117
Shyraz
Perfia.
Skaw-Abbas, protector of Muffelmen, flower of courteſy, ſecond in glory,
Nutmeg of comfort, and Rofe of delight.
-
Hee is of a miraculous defcent for nobleneffe (as honour goes in thefe
parts) his father and grand-father being Dukes afore him; and which is no
leffe admirable, is priviledg'd from degradation by oath from Abbas: up-
on this occafion: Aliculican his father was victorious in many pitcht bat-
tells againſt Turk and Tartar, adding no finall luftre to Mahomet Codobam-
daes Diadem moft memorably, when (by command of Amurath) the
fawcy Baſha of Rhyvan with fifteene hundred mufquets breath'd defiance
againſt Morad the Chielfall governor in Armenia, for daring to fide with
Ifmael in that famous overthrow they gave the infolent Turks, Anno 15 14
in the Calderan plains. Morad thus fuddenly affaulted, fends a timerous
excuſe, which rather inrages the Baffa, implacable till Morad had glutted
his greedie appetite with burnifht gold, two thousand pound comman-
ding him thence to Naẞivan (old Art axata) by that time hungry againe.
Alicolichan(Shaw Mahomets Lieftenant in Georgia) rates Morad, & vows to
make the Turk to eat cold Iron,meat the Basha car'd not for,but by Ally cu-
licans fierce charge with a gallant troop of fix thouſand horſe, made him
returne his bribe, and flie as if the Devill had beene in his guts, without
more prating over Anti Taurus (calld Mezis Taur) ſcarce thinking him-
felfe fafe in any place, whiles the valiant Georgian extracted a treble
fumme from Morad for his levity, returning a triumphant vi&tor to the
Court, recompenced with the Sheraz Dukedome and his fonne after him,
who has prov'd no leffe fortunate in sha Abbas his field-fervices, having
quieted Georgia,fubdued Larr,part of Arabia, Diarbec, & Ormus. All which
it leemes is now forgotten, the young sha-Soffy firft cutting off his fonnes
head the young Beglerbeg, and when the great Duke was finging to him-
ſelfe, Tutum me copia fecit. Anno 1632,had ſuch another trick ferv'd him,
his greatneffe preffing him to deftruction. But though he be dead, his ban-
quet and refpect to us muft not bee forgotten, Ingrato homine terra pejus
nil creat; fayes Aufonius.
:
At our being here, he had abfented himſelfe of purpoſe: and albeit Sir
Robert Sherley took the paines to ride to him, and tell him his error, hee
anfwered; It was no difhonour for any man (his Mafter excepted) to ftay
his leafure but if our Lord Ambaſſador had had his guard and other
furniture, wee had gone away without his Licence. After fix dayes at-
tendance his Greatneffe was pleafd to viſit Sheraz, followed by two
thouſand horſe, & moft unmanerly took his eaſe two dayes after, without
any reſpect or note taking of the Ambaffador. At length, he fent a gentle-
man to bid him come and vifit him, returning with this anfwer, hee was
weary having come a great journey, and that his bufineffe was to fee his
Mafter, hee knew not him. The Duke ſtorms to be fo flighted, but durft
not affront him, (knowing the King had commanded his whole Kingdome
to honour and bid him heartily welcome) fo after fome paufe, fent word
he meant next day to vifit him; but faild in his promife, his fonne the
Beglerbeg (eighteene yeere old) being fent to excufe him. Next day, our
Ambaffador fent wordby Skoc-Ally-beg to the Dukes fonne,his vifit ſhould
beretaliated. Emangoly-cawn is angry no more refpe&t was had of him,
T
wondring
138 Perfia.
LIB. 2
Shyraz.
wondring what kind of people wee were, fin ce his owne in a fort adored
him. But fee how fubtilly they intrapt him; for he was no fooner aligh
ted at the Dukes Pallace, but by shoe-Ally-beg is welcomed, and by him
ufhered (our Lord knew not whither) into a long gallery,rich in beauties,
plate,carpets,and other furniture,where (like a Statua) the Duke himfelfe
at the very end fat croffe-legd, not moving one jot till the Ambaſſador
was at him; when (as if hehad beene afrighted) hee skipt up, and bad him
welcome; vouchfafeing alfo (upon knowledge that we were gentlemen)
to imbrace us, and provide us a banquet. So after two houres merriment
departed, invited to returne next day to a more folemne welcome. Next
day being come, wee were uſhered by a Sultan thorw two great courts
into a rich and ſtately banqueting houfe, a large open roome, fupported
with twenty richly guilded pillars, the roofe imboft with flaming gold,
the ground ſpread with rich carpets of filke and gold, a ftate at one end
of crimſon ſatten, thick imbroydered with pearles and gold, under which
hee was to in-throne himfelfe; one fide moft excellently depicted his
Ormus Trophyes; no coft,no Art left out to do it to the life; their incamp-
ing upon the fhoare, their affaults, fcaladoes, and entrance; the maffacre
of the Ormoufians, fome beheaded, fome cheyn'd, fome their heads fer-
ving for girdles : as alſo the Engliſh ſhips and fea skirmishes, without whoſe
help it never had beene gained, and the like fo well painted.
Velutfi, revera pugnent feriant vitentque
Moventes, Arma Viri.-
As feem'd indeed
Men armd to fight, ward, strike, till each man bleed.
And when the greene and crimson fcænes of filke were drawne, from
this Apollo, wee lookt into a great ſquare court, which at this occafion was
round befet with the prime men of the City: and into another court,
where I think I told five hundred Plebeyans,invited to illuftrate the Dukes
magnificence.
Before the proud Duke meant to diſplay his radiance: my Lord Am-
baffador was ſeated on the left fide of the ſtate(you may note if you pleafe,
that all Aſia over, the left hand as the fword hand, is moft honorable)
upon the other fide fat the diſcontented Prince of Tartary; at my Lords
left hand was feated the Beglerbeg, and next him the captive King of Or-
mus. Next to the Tartar Prince fat Threbis-cawn a difconfolate Prince of
Georgia, a brave warrior, a conftant Chriftian: oppofite to the ftare Sir
Robert feated himſelfe: and with us were placed the two Princes of Or-
mus,and fome Sultans. The rest of the great banquetting roome was fild
with men of eſpeciall note, Sultans, rich Merchants, and Cooſelbafhaes:
young Ganimeds arrayed in cloth of gold, went up and downe with fla-
gons of pure gold to powre out wine to fuch as noded for it: upon the car-
pets were ſpread fine coloured pintado Table cloaths, forty ells long;
broad thin pancakes fix one upon another ferved for trenchers, neere
which were ſcattered wodden ſpoons, whofe handles were almoſt a yard
long; the ſpoone it felfe fo' thick, fo wide, as requir'd a right fpatious
mouth for entertainment: The feaft begins: it was compounded of a
hundred forts of pelo and candid dried meats; as alfo of Dates, Peares,
and
1
LIB. 2
Pe4.
Shyraz.
139
andPeaches curiouſly conſerved, fuch I took beft notice of (I meane as
pleafd me beft) were Iaacks, Myrabolans, Duroyens,Piftachoes,Almonds,
Apricocks, Quiaces, Cherries, and the reft I leave to the confectioner to
inquire after. It feemes we are fo infatuated with our banquet and wine,
that the Duke is not taken notice of,pray pardon : he is not yet come,that
when our bellies are full, our eyes may have the better leifure to furveigh
his greatneffe. The feaſt being ended,the vulgar multitude ſtrove to rend
the sky with Yough Ally-Whoddaw-Baſhat, i.e. Ally and God bee thanked:
the Eccho was as a watch-word to the ambitious Duke that hee might en-
ter: his way was made by thirty gallant young gentlemen vefted in crim-
fon fatten; their Tulipants were of filk and filver wreath'd about with
cheynes of gold, of Pearle, of Rubies, Turquoiſes, and Emeralds : all of
them were girded with rich fwords and imbroydered fcabards; they had
Hawkes upon their fifts, each hood valuing a hundred pound. To theſe
fucceeded their Lord, the Arch-Duke of Sheraz: his coat was of blew fat-
ten richly imbroydered with filver,upon which he wore a Veft or Roab of
great length, fo glorious to the eye, fo thick powdered with Orientall
glittering Gemms, as made the ground of it invifible, the price invalu-
able: his Turbant was of pure fine filke and gold, beftudded with pearle
and Carbuncles; his ſcabbard was fet all over with Rubies, Pearles, and
Emralds; his Sandalls relembled the befpangled Firmament. To this
Idoll, all the people of his religion facrifiz'd a hundred Sizædaes,and Tef-
falems, bowing and knocking their cockf-combs against the ground: Sir
Robert Sherley alſo fizædaed very formally,and in a cup of pure gold drunk
his Graces health, and then put it in his pocket; paying him home with
this complement; That after fo mean a perfon as himselfe had breath'd in
it, it was impiety to offer it him: the Duke accepts it as good coyne, and
perceiving our Ambaffador very fad, darted him a fmile, drunk his
Maſters health, bad him and his heartily welcome, and fo went in againe:
our Lord Ambaſſador alſo ſcarce well pleafed at the Dukes proud carri-
age, diffembled it; and after reciprocall Sallams or bendings (none but a
few Cofelbafhaws attending him to his horfe)departed:
Well may this grand Duke buy his renowne at thofe high rates,' his
rents being bruited fo great, ſo wonderfull: hee has (fay Merchants) foure
hundred thousand Tomans a yeere (a Tcman is five marks fterling) but
out of this hee payes wages yeerely to fifty thouſand horfemen: his plate
and jewels is valued at three hundred thousand pounds, fome fay three
Millions, and is pretty well defcried by that New-yeeres gift hee fent the
King (upon Meloembeg the Fifcalls prompting) three yeeres fince : viz.
fifty great flagons of pure gold, feventy two of refined filver: in Larrees
foure hundred fixty five thousand flofyns: the whole, loading three hun-
dred and fifty cozel-bash Camels, a valuable prefent : and for which the
King (as a Symbole of his gratitude) remunerates the Duke with fifty gal-
lant Arabian Courfers,fix change of rich garments,a fword, and (of more
value than the reft) the affurance of his health and dignity.
This Duke here and in other Seralios (or Harams, as the Perfians term
them) has above three hundred Concubines; Mawmetry commending it:
there is no other way in theſe Pagan countries to diftinguiſh one mans
T2
greatneffe
140 Perfia.
LIB. 2
Shyraz.
greatneffe from another, fave by exceeding in their females: hee hunts
elſewhere, other ſports ferving as a provocation to baſe venery: nor do
they refraine more manly exercifes, chafing the Lion, hunting the Tygre,
diflodging the Bore, unkennelling the lackall, and the like; at which fo-
lemne fports he befets whole countries with above twenty thousand men,
who ſerve to rouze all kind of ſavage game, and when the whole heard
are inbattelled upon fome fpacious Mountaine, impales it with a huge
Toyle of wyre and cord ftak't with wood (fix hundred Cammels load)
and fo either dart them from without the raile, or venture in, and (by
drawing a croffe line) fingle what beaft they pleaſe to fight with.
Two dayes after the great feaft, the Duke with a gallant traine of thirty
Sultans and Coofelbafhaws came galloping to Ally-cawn, (fo is the houſe
named we lodged at;) and albeit he endeavoured to affault us with a fudden
vifit, yet fuch was the excellent fore-fight and vivacity of our Ambaffador,
attending all occafions of advantage;that at his alighting, he found a choice
fhade for his recreation, chambers neatly furnifht, from his Balcony look-
ing into a moſt fragrant & pleaſant garden, where the Paphyan cipreffes, &
other rare trees in their aparel,repeld the guilded rayes of wanton Phaetons
here the facetious Duke incampt and all his company; refolv'd to incoun-
ter the utmoft fury of his owne ftrong wine, and our English chymick wa-
ters: three houres the fight continued hot, charging one another with
equall valour; many ftout bottles and flagons were emptied and buried, but
by ſtrange ſtratagem revived afresh, thundring fo fierce a ftorme in the
Dukes braines, that hee fell back and had undone himfelfe, had not my
Lord Ambaffador by great chance upheld and horft him: the reft percei
ving their Generall fo ftrangely vanquifht, found a retreat, and ſtudy how
to untwiſt their braines from out that magick labyrinth : Mr. Stodart of
Caernarvan, a bold Britton, and Mr. Emery playd Bootes: Next day the
Duke made his excufe, and returnd his thanks in a Preſent of twelve
brave horſes, with bridles and faddles futing them; by which it ſeemes all
of them were pleas'd and the Ambaffador (who without fuch an entertain-
ment had never pleas'd them, though infinitly contrary to his temper)
was crownd with the applauſe of a noble, difcreet, liberall, and well fafho
ned Gentleman. After many other ceremonies of welcome (in which
time, pifcafhes and gifts were not left out) we had leave to ſet on towards
the Court; I call it leave, the Duke was fo unwilling to part with us: wee
were bravely mounted, furnifht with freſh Cammells and Afinegoes, able
to endure the brunt of travell.
Six and twenty dayes wee confumed in Sheraz, forced to fo long com-
morance by the merry Duke; and on Lady day in Lent, departed thence
for Spahamn the Perfian Metropolis. But I cannot ride farre, till I cele-
brate my vale-di&um in this Chariftery.
Why fhould our wits difpute where Eden ſtood?
If in the Earth, or Ayre, or if the Flood
Did fpoyle the Surface; thus we fell from thence!
And too much knowledge loft the refidence.
Yet
LIB. 2
14.1
Kings of Shyraz.
Perfia.
·
Yet if that place remaine: for us to gueſſe
By outward attributes of happineffe,
Why ſhould thy Plaines (shyrazz) give place to thoſe
Where fruitfull Nyle and Ganges overflowes?
Thy curious profpe&, lodges, foyle, the rich
Variety of pleaſures that bewitch
Each gazing eye, would make the looker on
Think Paradife had no deftruction,
Or elfe replanted there. The fwelling grape
In dangling cluſters tempts another rape
To taſte the relifh, as the Apple did,
And fome would touch thy fruit although forbid.
Thy Towers, Baths, Gardens, Temples, make thee feeme
Like Memphis, Troy, Thebes, or Ierufalem.
Thy Natives (Natures Modells) to compofe
Inferior Beauty by the lookes of thoſe.
Farewell fweet place; for as from thee I went,
My thoughts did runne on Adams baniſhment.
But ere we go further, fuffer me to trouble you with fuch Monarchs as
have ruled Perfia, I will only give you her later Kings, fuch as had their
feat royall in sheraz, begunne 700 yeeres ago, and but lately ended:
The firſt, is Abuzvez Deilamfhaw (injuriouſly fuppos'd a fiſherman, from
his uſe of Navigation, as was Tamberlan a fhepheard from the Tartarrs
vagrancy:) this (Deylamshaw firnamed Boia (or Moheia rather, from fifh a
calumny) had three fonnes; y, Hußban, Achmet. Ally firam'd Aben-
haffen had no iffue : his father and he were both buried in Sheraz An. Dom.
940,heg. 320. Huffan by death of his elder brother, was Lord of Parc,
Hery, Hierac, and Corafan, Acmet had Kerman and Macron. To Huffan
fucceeded a ftranger Zedday-Mohee by name,brought in by Mustapha the Ba
bylonian Calyph; to whom fucceeded Egna-duddaule that had no iffue. So
Rocnadaul(Huſſans fonne) got poffeffion of his fachers feigniories, and dy-
ed Anno Domini 980.heg. 360, dividing firft his crowne lands amongft his
three fonnes; Sherfa-daule, Shamſdanles, and Bahao-daules. The eldeſt
had Shyraztan, Lareftan and Kerman: the fecond, Hierac and Diarbec: the
youngeſt had Gerioom and Taburftan. Sherfsdaule dyediffules Anno Dom.
990. heg. 370. the fecond brother inherited; but the envie of traitors
gave him fmall joy, for hee was buried not long after his Coronation;
whereby the feigniory came to Babae-daules the youngest fonne of King
Rocknadaule.Babaodaule governed twelve yeeres very fuccesfully,and at's
death commanded his eldeft fon Sultandaule to fucceed him: this Prince
was train'd up
in field exerciſes from his cradle, and by his valour much in-
larged his Empire, yet could not defend himfelfe from Hocem Maharaf
daxle his reftleffe brother, till by agreement the Kingdome was divided:
to Sultandaule, Farfiftan, and Aywaz; to Hocen, Hyerakeyn. At that time
Gelaladanl their brother was invefted with the Caliph-fhip of Bagdat Anno
Domini 1021. heg. 401. and Sultan-dant at laft dyes, and is Anno Domini
1925. buried in Shyraz with great folemnity. Abdul-cawn his fonne ruled
after
142
LIB. 2
Perfia.
Kings of Shyraz.
1
after him but perceives the Crowne to totter, yea, to fall off by the un-
naturall practifes of Sjarfuddaul (call'd alfo Abul-favar) his traiterous.
Uncle; forced thereby to fly to Gelaladaul his other Uncle the late made
Kaliph, who is glad of this occafion, having long lookt with a fquint eye
of ambition upon his Nephews Diadem : but diffembing it, with a brave
Army he defcends from Bagdat, and with eaſe dethrones Abul-favar, but
mounts himſelfe into the throne to Abdul-cawns amazement, who to fave
his life flies into Arabia: whiles Mahomet Gaznehy from Hindoftant falls
upon Agrac and Shervan, but is repeld moft fhamefully into Sablestan,
Parc at that inftant being miferably trod under-foot by the Turquemen
and Deylamans: ere long Abul-favor gets fo highly into the Calyphs fa-
vour that hee is confirmed in his former title, but in the way death cut off
his claime, leaving Abdul-cawn the banisht Prince his right, who upon this
faire advantage returnes, and is joyfully welcomed: but furfetting of too
much joy,bee lived not long after it; for, commending his body to the
earth, he gave the royalty to Aben-melec-Rahim his fonne, who dyed Anno
Domini 1054. heg. 434. without iffue, and in whom (after a race of fif-
reene Kings) took end the Mokeyan pedegree.
,
To him fucceeded Abumanfor,who pretended himfelfe true fonne of
Gelaladaul the Caliph: he took to wife Danta daughter of Tofhalbeg, and
dyed (after five yeeres greatneffe) in Kermoen, and lyes buried at Hur-
kawn not farre from Iafquis: he had five fonnes by that Lady, Abumanfor-
pbulad-fotun, Chozroe-pheruz, Abu-becr, Abuzeddai, and Aboally-kay-koz-
rao. Abumanfor inlarged shyraz, and did his beft to make it ftrong and
beautifull; but whiles he bufied his fancie at home, he looks not abroad,
fuch time his ambitious brother Cofree pheruz gripes him, and takes unjuft
poffeffion of his Territories: but revenge purfues him, for being invited
to Bagdát to fee his fick grandfire Tofbalbeg; for his cruelty to his brother,
he is put into a loathfome priſon, where famine and ftench made an end
of him. But this could not terrifie Abuzedday the fourth brother from
intruding into Abumanfors right: albeit, his injured brother had eſcaped
and gathered a refolute Army, who fo ftoutly ftood his friends that Zedday
is flaine and his affociates banished. Itfeemes Abumanfor was borne to an
iron deſtiny, unable at his fecond returne, to fafegard himselfe from Fazele
his Liefetenant, that unawares detrudes him into a deadly prifon, adorning
his rafcall browes with his Maſters Diadem: Aboally will none of that, he
takes a happy advantage, and pulls it from Fazel's brows and crownes him
with one (better becomming Traitors) of flaming iron. Aboally after hee
had foveraniz'd feven yeeres, is arrefted by grim death Anno Domini 1100,
heg.480. and for want of iffue the Scepter falls to Mahummed Abutalip
Togrulbeg, fonne of Michael, fonne of Salgucius,fonne of Didacus, a Tur-
queman.
In the Salgucian family it continued till Mahummed Abul-cafen dyed
Anno Domini 1220. heg. 600. without any iffue. A race of Tattarrs fol-
fowed: led by Cingis.cawn Lord of Ketoa-kotan, Maurenakar, and Gazne-
hen. (Almoftanfor-bila-Manfor then fitting Caliph of Mecca and Bagdat.)
To Cingis cawn (who dyed Anno Domini 1228.heg.608.) followed Tuki-
cawn, and Chagatay-cawn; from Chagatay-cawm defcended Tamberlan,
whofe
L1B. 2
143
Perfepolis.
Perfia.
1
whoſe iffue now rule Hinduftant. After the Tartars, the Turks a freſh
planted here, led by Chara-Mohummed An. Dom.1415. Heg. 795. a Karakula
guſpan or black ſheepe as they call themſelves, banifht Anno{Dom. 1470.
Heg. 850. by Acen-beg (call'd alſo vſan-caſſan) an Armenian Chriſtian,
whole grandſon Alvan was the laft white sheepe, or Acorlu-gufpan fhorne
mortally by Izmael-Sophy his ambitious kinfman An. 1504. Heg. 884. This
Izmael was great Grandfather to Abbas now Perſian King, of the Ben-All,
or Sophian Genealogie.
Let us now (what pace you pleaſe) to Perfe-polis, not much out of the
road: but were it a thouſand times further,it merits our paines to view it;
being indeed the only bravo Antique-Monument (not in Perfia alone) but
through all the Orient.
PERSEPOLIS, (firft call'd Elemis from Elam fonne of Sem ſonne of
Noah) was built (enlarg'd rather) by Sofarmus a Median Dynaft, third
from Arbaces that put a period (by death of Sardanapalus) to the Affyrian
Monarchy, begun by Belus (Nymrod and Iupiter) and in a glorious fucceffi-
on of one and forty Emperours commanding the world, till Arbaces ſub-
jected Babylon. By Cambyfes (fonne to Cyrus the magnificent) it was moft
beautified,and from him to Darius Codomanus continued Empreffe of Afia
two hundred & thirty yeares in a line of thirteen Monarchs, till Alexander
by conqueft of all Afia made proftrate alfo this glorious Citie, betrayed by
Teredates, and demolifht by vehement perfwafion of Thais an Athenian
harlot, who (in revenge of Xerxe's expedition into Greece) never gave
over exaſperating the giddy Macedonian, till fhee faw it flaming; an act fo
unworthy Alexander as hee fought to quench it with his teares. A Citie
fo excellent, that Quintus Curtius and Diodorus Siculus intitle it the richeſt
and moft lovely Citie under the Sunne. A high and ftately Tower it had,
circled with a triple Wall: fixteenè cubits high the firft, adorn'd with
battlements; the ſecond was two and thirty; the third of threeſcore
cubits high, of delicate polifht Marble, entred by many gates of burnifht
braffe. To the Eaft rofe amiably a hill offoure Akers, in which (in ftate-
Mausoleums) were intombed the Monarchs of the world. Many rare
and admirable buildings it had, amongſt which, the glorious Temple of
Diana (mother to that at Ephefus) by Iofephus report was at that time the
moſt exquiſite for Art & material in the world. The ftones were of richeſt
Marble and Porphire, the roofe of refined gold. A bayc Antiochus the ava-
ritious Atheiſt long had nibled at, but could not fwallow it, as he had done
Jerufalems, whence facrilegiouſly he ravifht ten tunne ofgold. The Pa-
lace royall here, was cut out of the marble rock, above two miles about;
the roofe and cafements were of Gold, Silver, Amber, & Ivory. The State
within, was of gold and orientall glittering gems, in one roome an artifi-
ciall Vine (preſented by Pythius) the ftalk pure gold,the clusters of pearh
and carbuncles; his bolfter was valued at five thouſand Talents of gold,
his footftoole worth three thouſand; fuch, as (after the unruly Greeks
had pillag'd three dayes) gave the Macedonian Victor for his part, 120000
Talents, or 72 millions of crownes, a maffe of gold: yet very poffible, if it
be true old Hiftories report (Herodotus is one)how that at that time, the
Monarchs of Perfia (befides the Tribute of other Kingdomes)had yeerely
out
144 Perfia.
LIB.
Perfepolis.
out of Indya three hundred and threeſcore Talents of gold. Eaſily then
might the Greek load away (as ſtory ſayes) three thouſand Mules, with
two and thirty millions and 750000 pounds in coyne, though in that ado-
lefcency of the world, one would wonder fo much treafure was found.
But we may beleeve it, fince facred writ tells us that in Solomons reigne,in
Jerufalem gold and filver was as common as ftones. Alſo Xenophon, that
when Cyrus deſcended into Afia the leffe, hee brought back no leffe than
125 millions of pounds. But why ſtand we gaping at thefe prodigious fums.
Pauper enim non eft, cui rerum fuppetit ufus. Thefe fparkling Diamonds,
what are they but Mammons eyes; this Chaos of gold, but refined clay.
What Magick then to make Idolaters. For my part (by Gods help) I in-
tend rather to admire the Anatomy of this glorious ruine, which Don
Garzia de Silva Figuroa (Ambaſſador Anno 1619 to Abbas from Philip the
third) calls it the only Monument of the world, without Impoſture; yea
farre exceeding (fayes he) all other miracles in the world, wee can either
heare or fee at this day. Miferable in my poore defcription.
The ribs or ruines of Perfepolis are at this day call'd Chil-Manor or Che-
bel-Manor (i.e forty Towels) in the idiom of Perfia: and might more
properly have faid Hafbtot-Manor, or eighty Towers,for fo many are easily
told two yards out of the ground; and if from fo many pillars as are perfe&t
and lofty, then may they ſay Nouzda- Manor or nineteene Towers, at this
day no more ſtanding, one excepted at the Eaft below, above a bow ſhot
thence. The whole Bafis is cur by incredible toyle,out of the folid marble
rock, twice the compaffe of Wyndfor Caſtle, afcended by fourefcore and
fifteene eaſie ſtaires, diffected from the durable black Marble, fo broad.
that a dozen horſe may goe abreaft: the perpendicular is two and twenty
Geometric feet, and where the ftaires are not, the rock is precipitious.
Neere the higheſt ſtep, is the entrance into the Palace; the breadth is vifi-
ble, in defpight of flame and weather: on one fide the gate ſtands a
monftrous great Elephant, on the other aRhinoceros;the diftance is about
twenty foot, the portraits are out of the fhining Marble, ten yards high
either of them, fixt and perpetuall: a few paces rhence, are of like work,
bulk and matter two gallant Towers, and (to finiſh the Porters Lodge)
neere them is an other ruine, a Pegaſus an invention of the Sculptor to il-
luftrate his Art: and being paft this portall,the Apollo opens, a faire even
ground, deplorable in many ruines, a hundred white Marble pillars, whole
and broken dignifying this once moſt excellent ſtructure. Upon many of
theſe white Marbie pillars the Storks have builded them their nefts,where
the rage of winde and weather is more offenfive to them than any dread
they have of the people who inhabit neere them: in all unſeaſonable
ftormy or cold weather they forfake the Region and fly where the Sunne
can comfort them: the Perfians have many fuperftitious ftories concern-
ing'em, and ſuppoſe them (as elfe- where I have noted) the Emblems of
piety and gratitude. The Pillars which are at this day ftanding, (but ſeeme
to groane under the tyrannie of Time) are twixt fifteene & twenty cubits
high, & rife beautifully in forty fquares or concave parallels; every fquare
has three full inches whereby the circuit may be gathered: moft excel-
lentis the matter, most elegant the work, and no leffe commendable, the
order
1
LIB. 2
145
Perfepolis.
Perfia.
order and ſhape how they are placed: in pofture, in fhew, to this day ad-
mirable; but when they ftood in luftre and perfection, were elfe-where
ſcarce imitable. From the ordinary ftanding, we eaſily enjoyed a moft de-
lightfull profpec: but in the fammity or advantage a brave Horizon of
thirty miles unlimitted Plains every way gave it felfe to this Emperial Pal-
lace, as feeming to fubmit it felfe in a happy lowlineffe.
Quines of
Cersagens
YIRGINILAYDIGAN AT HODOR JAKENTEELLIS,
Mardash
In part of this great roome (not farre from the portall) in a mirrour of
polifht marble, wee noted above a dozen lynes of ftrange characters, very
V
faire
"
14.6
LIB. 2
Perfia.
Perſepolis
faire and apparent to the eye, but fo myfticall, fo odly framed, as no Hie-
rogliphick,no other deep conceit can be more difficultly fancied,more ad-
verfe to the intelle&t. Thefe confifting of Figures, obelisk, triangular, and
pyramidall, yet in fach Simmetry and order as cannot well be called barba-
rous. Some reſemblance, I thought fome words had of the Antick Greek,
fhadowing out Ahabuerus Theos. And though it have fmall concordance
with the Hebrew, Greek, or Latine letter, yet queftionleffe to the In-
venter it was well knowne; and peradventure may conceale fome excel-
lent matter, though to this day wrapt up in the dim leafes of envious ob-
fcuritie.
Adjoyning this, is another ſquare roome, from angle to angle ninety
paces, in circuit three hundred and threefcore paces: beautified with
eight dores, foure of them are fix paces broad; the other foure, three a
peece all eight feverally compofd of feven great polifht Marbles fixt
one upon another; each of thoſe ſtones are foure yards logn, five quarters
high, moft excellently ingraven with Images of Lyons, Gryffins, Tigres,
and Bulls: and in other places (for the wals are durable) Battailes, Heca-
tombs, Triumphs, Olympick games, and the like, in very rare Sculpture
and proportion. Above each doore is ingraven the Idea of a Majeſtique
Monarch; his roabe is long, a Tiara or Mithra on his head, his hayre very
long and curled; in one hand he holds a Globe,in the other his Scepter, a
garbe and feffion never uſed by Perfian Princes. The filly inhabitants (who
made no accompt of it till of late) name him, Iamfhet,and Aaron,& Sampſon,
and Salomon, a wonder they leave out Raftan their Hercules, and as eaſie
for invention. A third chamber conjoynes the laft we ſpoke of, this (if
they lie not that told us fo) was a Gynecie or Nurſery; it has foure un-
equall angles, two fides are fixtie; the other two, ſeventy of my largeſt
paces. From that we iffued into a fourth roome, two fides are twenty,
the other two, thirty paces. The walls are very eminent in this chamber,
of black ſhining Marble, in many places fo bright and jetty, as we could
eafily view our reflex, no fteel mirror comparing with it. In moft parts
the walls are cut into Gygantive Images, illuftrated with Gold, to this
day permanent. Somewhat further, over heaps of ftones of valewable
portraictures,we mount towards the moft lofty part of this Pallace, where
we faw the reſemblances of a devout King, adoring his three Dietyes,
the Sunne, the Fire, a Serpent, all which are cut upon the perpendicu-
lar Mountaine. The other fide of this high hill is a precipice, downe
which is no deſcending. But whether this Fabrick was Ionick, Dorick, or
Corinthiack, in the perfection, I cannot determine, the ruines forbid a
pofitive judgement. But fuch at this day it is,that a ready Lymmer in three
moneths ſpace can hardly (to do it well) depict out all her excellencies.
Pitty it is, it is not done, the barbarous people every day defacing it and
cleaving it afunder for grave-ftones and benches to fit upon. Five miles
Weft from Chehel-manor is alfo a gallant Monument, a Giant cut into
a monftruous proportion, whom the illiterate Perfians fay was Ruftan,
and from him cald Nocta-Ruftan. I rather judge it the Image of great Alex-
ander, who had a defire, that aften ages might think him more than a
man, and his men more than Monsters, as appeared in his conceit to make
many
LIB. 2
147
Mardah. Moyown.
Perfia.
many Armors, bigg enough for three men, and ſcatter them in India that
the people might not dare to rebell, left thofe Poliphems came to lafh
them.
Neere Chilmanor is Mar dash (corruptly by the Spaniard cald Margate-
an) a Towne of two hundred houfes, the people fo fuperftitious that fuch
houfes as we came in they perfumd and ayr'd (fome were happily fired)
for that we were not Muffulmen. From this place to Sheraz are ten far-
fangs; interpofd by fome craggy hills and a pleaſant river(Rhogomana of
old) over which is a bridge, the beft till then we faw in Perfia. This river
is by Quintus Curtius lib.5. and Strabo lib. 15. named Araxis (Cho-Araxes
is a fitter name) ftreaming (ſayes he) twentie furlongs from Perfepolis.
Another of that name, ſo often mentioned by Ptol. Mela, Plutarch, and
Lucan,is in Armenia, and indeed divides it from Medya,at this day cald Araf
and very famous.
After two dayes ſtay in view of old Perfepolis, the eight and twentieth
day we took horſe, and that night rid foure and twentie miles to a Town
cald Moy. own; in midway twixt which two Townes, we noted a high im-
pregnable mount, at whofe top, ftood defperately a Cattle fo fortified
by Nature and induftrie, as may be thought impregnable. A late rebel-
lious Sultan (weary of flavery) man'd it againft his Prince victorious Ab-
bas, who (to terrifie others by his example) came in perfon to chaftife
him. But fuch was the precipitious height where the Caſtle ftood, and
the narrow entrance fo bravely defended, that in fix moneths fiege hee
could fee ne figne of victory. Loth he is to leave it fo, and what ftrata-
gem to take,cannot imagin. A great reward he promiſes to any would ef-
fect it. Valour is invalidable. Art Magique perpetrates it. An old wi-
zard covetous of ſo much money promiſes the Divells beft, and according-
ly, by his infernall fpells fo poffeft with threats and phantafmaes the
wretched Sultan, that upon the witches affurance of pardon he defcends,
the block rewards him. But Abbas acknowledges the Inchanter had me-
rited his price and grudgingly gave it him. The foolish man fo doares
upon
his gold, that he fees not danger. The King repents the loffe of it,
and knowes no way to recover it but by fending him to Satan without his
head, the reaſon of his Juftice was for his Sorcery. A quality at other times
he commended deeply, but now abhorred it: a pretty pollicy. To re-
turne.
Moyown, is delightfully feated; enricht with fweet water, excel-
lent Wine, much wood, and Natures Carpets. It properly belongs to the
highly reverenced Prophet Izmael, whofe tombe Emoom-Izmael is here
feen, by liberality of many Kings, and great men not a little honoured: co-
wards its maintenance (and the Priests) the Towne gives yearly twelve
thouſand mawnd-fhaw of Rice, and foure thouſand of Barley. Next
night we lodgd (flept I cannot fay) in O-jone, a village of thirty Families,
all of them Prophers or Prophets children. We ever found leaft profit,
where Prophets dwelt, no wine nor grapes allowd to grow amongst them;
not that wine is bad, but out of a Tradition they have, that it is the blood
of thoſe Gyants that warr'd againft the Gods. Next day we rode over moft
craggy, ſteep, and terrible high hills, and at night made Tartang
V
√ 2
`our
148
Com-meshaw. LIB. 2
Perfia.
Cuzcuzar.
our Manzeil; a ſmall Towne, only famous in a high Sepulcher, clothd
with violet coloured velvet, under which is buried a great Uucle
of the Kings. Next night to Affepofe, notable only in an old mud
Caſtle, fometimes a garriſon; in and about which, are fourty thouſand
Georgians and Sarcafshes, by profeflion Chriftians; by quality, Captives;
a people much honouring Saint George the Cappadocian Bifhop their
converter. They differ from Mahomitans (not in habit, but) in their gray
eyes and long white hayre (Albani ab albo crine) after the mode of Antick
Gallants, recorded by Pliny and Lucian, tiſſued with fillets of gold or fil-
ver. If any of theſe turne Mahomitan,they are preferd beyond vulgar mer-
rit. Poore foules, hearing that we were Chriftians, they flockt about us,
yea wept to fee us. Not much diftant hence,is Thymar, memorable if Byzar
erre not, in a brave and Antient Monument, by fome Hebrew characters
fuppofd the buryall place of Bathsheba, Mother of King Salomon: tis cald
Mufqued-Zulzimen,i.e. Solomons Chappell; a place if truly fo, worthy the
feeing. Next night we lay in Whoomgefh, next in Cuzcuzar, next day to
Bazeba-chow, and next to Degardow,eight leagues from which place, (and
neerer rezdycaus) we rode over a fteepe Mountaine of black fhining
Marble, (and where are Quarries of Serpentine and Porphyre, if the earth
were lookt into), the defcent was fo percipicious, that but by ragged ſteps
and thofe not a little dangerous, was no riding downe: howbeit downe
we got, and that night rode to Gumbazellello (famous in a Carvanf-raw and
the beſt wheat bread in Perfia;) next night to Tezdecawz a Towne built in
the bottome of a valley, funck downe in mid a great plaine, whereby it is
fcarce to be found, did not a Caftle point it out, raifd by Tezdgyrd a Perfian
King above the Towne,and where is a very ſtately Carravanf-raw,the beſt
from thence to Bander on the Gulph of Perfia. Next day (through De
Moxalbeg) we got to Amno_baut (by fome cald Boyall) a village of thirty
families, all of them apoftat Georgians, inclofd, to exclude their fhame,
by a high, trong, round wall raifd with battlements, refembling a Caftle;
commanded by Daut (or David) Chawn (brother to the Duke of sheraz)
an Apoftate, for which he was made an Eparch, and honourd with three
filly temporary Tittles, bought with loffe of an eternall Crowne of hap
pineffe: he has here a prerty Carvan fraw and Summer houſes for his
owne delight, wherein are five neat roomes curiously painted in Imagery
and imboft with gold; his Gardens are alfo fweet and prettily contrivd
into grotts, mazes, vollieres, and the like, equall to that of Aladenl'at Ca-
ramit for his Affaffinates; but nafty and deformed if compard with Para-
dize: from Amno-baut we rode next day to Commeshaw, a Towne boafting
in a thouſand houſes and much Antiquitie. It may be either that fame
Towne which Pliny cald Paradana, or that Ore-batys in Ptolomy: Sir Ro.
bert Sherley was once her Governour, under that wicked parricide Con-
ftandel.chawn; but it ſeems they bore ſmall love to either of their memo-
ries, neither vouchfafing to bid us welcome (as moft Townes did we
hitherto paſt through, although I have omitted to fpeak their ceremo-
nies) nor a lodging, a baſe reſpect to fo noble a paffenger. At this place
Perfia is limited, and where Ayrac (or Parthya) takes her beginning: Chi-
raef, Gardon-achow, Nowbengan, Kazeron, Pherushabad, Eftacher, Nabandi-
oen,
1.
}
LIB. 2
149
Moyeor.
Parthya.
oen, are reckned Townes in Farfiftan,I have but named them. But thar you
may the better go along with us; and eſpecially in that the lateſt Maps
of Perfia are ſo erronious, both in rivers, the fcituation of places, and their
true names (for to fay truly, none of them bave five right names;) I have
therefore inferted this of the Perfian Empyre; in which, neither the po-
fition of Places are falſe, nor names of Townes fictitious or borrowed:
+4
Rufsix
et
Muscovite
Pars.
42
Mongrellya
Georgia
The
Euxine
Ajal
Albame
to
or
Black
Tephlifo
Sea
38
van
Traxers flu:
OBam
Derbent
Frez
Scithya
THE
olga flui":
Astracan
Risan
Sara o
• Caracus
PERSIAN
Empire.
Targana o
Tartaria
o Ezrucina
Paganza
Reven o
The Caspian
Sea
• Bokar
Turkestang
Imaus!
Balk
Thalan Maurenakar
Bacis
B
Sala
Sumaky
Trepizondo Armenia Major
3
Bithlis o
Ararato
Rivano
Arxirum o
Sarbano
Chafacano
34
Mosul &
32
26
Tigris
Babilon
Meso
potamia
Euphrat
MofquitAlly o
Chaben Mozendramo
Gheylan
Barfrush'de
Mouſon & LaryJoon Q
Calderan
Damban
Thalecan
Ardaveil d
Tabriz
Baldato
Sultany o
Chata
poro
Taurus
Omoal
Hamadam Cazbin:
veil o
Emometzar Hande
at Mande Marcaron
Ladaryo
Sabber Miſcarroon
Kazarcil Corbet
Gillulla
。Lassa
Magueroono
Coftaco
Hawes
to Balsora
Siaporto
Susiana
"Ardgan
o
he Gulph
Arabia
Katifam o
the
Cazirmat
rmus
Boharga
Moffa
Abaſstbauto
Asbar af
Alliavaro
Periskowat
Siacomo o
Suffedoro
Gene
Samarkand
Nicaphtac
Tuzz
Nishapore
Sarcasa
roan Obigarmy o
O Saway
Coom
Golpicamo
Coranda
HO Deacon o
Moycor
Tagebaut
Sardahan
bt Cashan
Reigue o
Spahawn
Marwarendo
Bestan o Thoen
• Sabrawer
• Tarkyes! Kabul
Bayed o
• Sindreu fl:
Goelabad
Korasang
Maide Candakor
Delaram O
Pernero kol
Dezedono
• Compam
Decarmano
De Motalberes Mercomo
•Comeshaw Jonco
• Gumbarellelle de caur
De-Gardow Tartang ✪
decaur
•Bazebacom
Camber Ally
olaarown Shyrazzak
Chilmanosi
Mahac Moyicow o
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Next day we got to Mojeor; agrandiz'd by a thoufand families; but none
of their houſes compare with their dove houfes for neat andcurious out-
fides: they have fome excufe for it; fome of them are defcended (not
from
1
150 Parthia. The Ambaff: entrance into Spahawn. LIB. 2
from Columba Noe but) from thofe holy Pigeons, who fed at Mahomets
eare and advanced his reputation not a little, perfwading the ſimple peo-
ple they brought him newes from fome (bad) Angels, concerning the ir
happineffe. Next night we were ufherd to spawhawnet by a fervant of Me
loyembegs the Kings Fifcall who intreated the Ambaffadors to repofe a day
or two there, till Spahawn had fitted it felfe for a folemne intertainment:
where whiles we repoſe we may remember, that moſt of thoſe Manzeils
we have paft from Chehelmanor to his place, are twixt twenty and thirtie
miles afunder. The whole diftance is fomewhat above two hundred
miles, as I computed them.
The tenth of Aprill wee fet out from Spahawnet a village fix miles
South from Spahawn: when we had gone a farfang (three miles,) we were
ſtayed by the way to taſte a banquet in a fpacious garden of the Kings,
whither the Engliſh Agent and fuch other Chriftian Merchants as were
in Spahamn came out to attend our Lord Ambaſſador: a mile neerer the
Citie, the Vifier, the Sultan of Spahawn, Meloyembeg and Hodge-nazar the
Armenian Prince with foure thouſand horfe and innumerable foor, came
to bid us a happy entrance: the fields two miles from the towne were re-
plenifht with vulgar men, women and childen; the Bannyans like caterpil-
lers fwarmd about us; all together,in a volley of thundering acclamations
cried out Hofhomody, Suffowardy,the better fort Hofhgaldom i.e. welcome,
heartily welcome: forty kettle Drums, Fifes,Tabrets, Tymbrels, dancing
wenches, Hocus Pocuffes,and other Anticks paft my numbring inobled the
ceremony: the bridge was full of women on both fides, many of them
in faire deportment unmafqued their faces. The first place we alighted at
was the Conna-potſbaugh, the Kings Pallace, placed at the Weft fide of
the Medan or great Market: there the Noble men kneeled downe, and
teffalemd, three times kiffing the Kings threshold,and as many times knock-
ing their heads againſt the ground in an awfull obeyfance: Sir Robert Sher-
ley fizedaed alfo and contented them; a Cofelbaſh ended the ceremo-
ny in a panegyrick to this purpoſe: That the Fame and excellency of Shaw-
Abbas was fo great as had attracted a great Prince and other Gentlemen
from the extreameft Angle of the world, to fee whether fame had been
partiall in his magnificence: no wonder, fince his radiant beames ſpread
themſelves over all the Univerfe: that done, fome bottles of good Wine
were laviſht out, after which with a continued clamour of the Plebeyans,
we were couducted to a brave houſe of the Kings, at the South Eaft end
of the City, through which, a deep broad water had its courfe into the
Sindery.
The fourth day after our being in Spahamn, the English Agent banquet-
ed our Lord Ambaffador, and fhewed us a rich and hearty welcome: to
agrandize it, at night a Tanck of water was befet with lighted Tapers, ar-
tificially uniting the two contrary Elements; fquibs allo and other fire-
works,that made all the City gaze and gape with wonder.Next day Hodge-
nazar was vifited at his houfe in Telphea; a Chriftian he profeffes himselfe,
but (I muſt be bold to tell him) his houfe is furniſht with ſuch beaſtly pi-
ctures,as no way reliſh of honeft or Chriftian invention: amongst our other
cates,
LIB. 2
Parthya. 151
Of the Armenians
cates, we had a roſted pig, a meat to Jew and Perfian infinitely offen-
five: the Wine flagons and Bowles here, were of pureft gold. I defire to
fpeak a little of thefe Armenians, that the reft of our Travailes may be
woven with more eaſe and fewer mixtures.
Theſe Armenians are cald alfo Telphelyns from the City they dwell in
here, nam'd from their Metropole neere Ararat. In habit they differ not
from the Perfians, but live in equall freedome : they profeffe Chrift, and
account Saint George their Patron, from whom fome think Georgia takes
name, and not from reyol, Husbandmen; they and the Georgians are
habited alike: this is their greateſt difference, that the Georgians excell
in warre, the Armenians in merchandize: this Image may well reprefent
them both.
A Georgian
man and woman
M
They both are honored by the memory of twenty-thoufand Martyrs
in the lalt perfecution, Sapores tyrannifing then ore Perfia the
Country derives her name from Armenus a Theffalian ( Iaſons kinſman):
152
LIB. 2
Perfia.
The Armenians Religion.
}
•
1
It is divided into major & minor: the greater is confind by Tartary to
the North, by Media and Affyria to the South: the Weft and Eaſt with
the Euxin and Caspian ſeas: It includes Colchis, Albania, Georgia, Iberia,
c. obfcured in other barbarous names, as Zuria, Gomeria, Mengrelia
Turq'mania, Cara-culia. Gurgee, Haleen, and Sarlochya (from Gog and
Magog,) and to which place, the ten Tribes were brought by Salma-
naſſer the Aßyrian.
They have two Patriarchs or Protomifts; one at Ierufalem; the other
at Syna in Arabia; fometimes they refide at Sis neer Tharfus or at Ecmea-
zin neer Rhivan, or Ervan in Shervan. Antioch their old Sea theydare not
chalenge. They have the three first generall Councells in great honour,
ſtudy the Latin tongue, (rare in Afia); they have twelve titular Biſhops,
three hundred fome fay ; poore, but no way defpicable. They have the
old and new Teftaments in their mother tongue; the Letany alfo, part of
which, is every Lords day read and expounded in the Churches: they ad-
minifter the Lords Supper in both kinds,Bread and Wine; and deny a reall
prefence; they allow but our two Sacraments: Baptifme they celebrate
after the Eutichyan fort, as Iacobus (father of the Tacobites) and Iohannes
Philipponus Anno Dom. 550 mif-taught them: the profelit gentiles or Mo-
humedans in the fore-head with a burning croffe, others they baptife with
two fingers, and figne the Infant with the croffe, as glorying in that
hyerogliphick the Jews and Muffulmen efteeme fo ignominiouſly of: are
alfo great lovers of Tradition: they pray not for the dead, imagining that
till the generall day of doom they are without joy or torture. Five
Sabbaths in every yeare they abftaine from flefh, fish, cheeſe, and butter;
in memory of thoſe five Ages,wherein their barbarous forefathers ufed to
immolate their children unto the old red Dragon: all wednesdayes and
fridayes alfo in the yeare except from Eafter to Afcention they faft pre-
ciſely: and no other Chriftians are fuch ftrict Lent-obfervers for they re-
frayne their wives that time; and from flefh, fifh, milk, egges, butter;
thoſe forty dayes feeding only upon oyle, bread, honey, water, dates,
cowcumbers, melons, herbs, and the like. At other times they eat hogs
flefh. Before the three great Feftivalls, they faft twelve dayes: they mar-
ry betimes at nine or twelve yeers: the Layety are permitted to wed twice
the Ecclefiaftiques but once: trigamy to all is hatefull. Th Presbitry are
much honoured. Images in their Churches they deteft, but at home
have pictures of Venus and Priapus. The croffe they regard, but worſhip
not, beleeve not purgatory. their, Temples are but meanely beautifull.
Obedience and refpect to the better and elder fort is much practifd. They
punifh theft and adultery feverely. In fome things they are butrefind Ido-
laters: asin fome burialls,they lead about the Church an unfpotted Lambe
with much folemnity, they then facrifice, divide and give each there a
bitt to eat; as a Simbol, or fuperftitious bond, obliging one another in
love and charity: to mee it ſeems they derive this cuftome from that of
the Hebrews, who ufed to divide a calfe, as Mofes records in Is. Gen. 9.
and as Ieremie notes in the 34 Ch. 18. 19. verfes. On good Friday they
repreſent the paffion and buriall of our Saviour: during which, they weep
and ingeminate their ejaculations. On Eafter they intimate the refurre-
ation
1
t
LIB. 2
153
Spawbawn.
Parthia.
&tion by a repreſentative body, ufing all that morning the old falute of
joy, He is rifen indeed: an Angelicall note they call it. That day they
celebrate with great Feafts, the Mahomitans nor lews not daring to min-
gle among them; The King allowes them that priviledge. They faft upon
the Nativity of our Saviour. The Iefuits labour to knit them into Rome;
but in vainer they ftand much upon their Antiquity, and name two hun-
dred grave and learned Biſhops fince their converſion, many of which
were noble Martyrs or witneffes: the report of an envious Doeg that they
had fubmitted to Rome, agaifing the Pope their head, made Abbas ftorme
and not to be pacified, till a thousand of them were made headleffe i up-
on which the reft implore help and revenge from the Turk, failing a
bloody fcean of enfuing Troubles Some fay that Lodovic Grangier & Ic◄
fuire lately croft the black ſea into Mengrellia & Where Threbiſ-chawù en-
treated him gently and by his charity they are much purged from fuper-
ftition: which if fo, I wonder that his name is of no more fate
amongſt them.
1 feare I have made too large a parentheſis. Let us therefore to sp#-
haw againe, the Metropolis of the Perfian Monarchy, yea the greateft
and beft built City throughout the Orient.
Et quô te sarmine dicam.
Muft Babells lofty Towres ſubmit to thee
Tauris, Perfeépolis and Nyniver
Shushan Arfacia, and Nabarca, fall
Before thy feat and power Provinciall?
Had that ambitious Nymrod thought on this,
Cambyfes or the proud Sempramis,
With all thofe princely Rulers which did fway
The Eaftern Scepters, when thou didſt obay :
It would have queld their pride and let them know,
All humane Actions have both ebb and flow.
The greatest Monarchs cannot conquer Fate,
Time doth by turnes advance and fubjugate.
Now royall Abbas rules, Spakanin muft rife.
(Where Kings affect, there most men caft their eyes,
There flock the people :) 'tis his power not thine
Which hath eclipft their light, to make thee thine.
Then ufe thy Fortune ſo, that none'from thence
May wish thy fall, or grudge thy eminence.
SPAWHAWN§ (at this day the Perfian Metropolis) is in Article
elevation 32 degrees 39 minutes; in longitude 86 degrees 30 minutes: dif-
fering from Don Garcia accompt, whofe height exceeded not sf degrees
30 minutes. In whoſe deſcription if I feeme prolix impure it to my defire
to give thee every thing uſefull and obfervable. And in the firit place,
in regard fome fuppofe her (like Age) a ſtart-up Towne, wee will trace
her in her variations as farre asmiy poore reading will well afford it us
That it was Ecbatan (as Niger thinks)is ridiculous to inngia:two chotland
X
three
154
LIB. 2
Parthia.
Spabawn.
three hundred yeere ago it was called Dura; but whether in that Dura
the haughty Affyrian erected his golden Coloffe, I finde it not. Hecatom-
polos is the next name it had; recorded by Apollodorus, Polibius, Ptolomy,
and Pliny,lib. 6. c. 8. fo denominated from her hundred gates, whereby we
may imagine her in thoſe day es great and frately; and though in Alexan-
ders conqueft Curtius name her not, it feemes fhe then varied into that
Greekiſh nomenclation: and of this name we have a ftory, that Demetrius
Nycanor (Sotors ſonne) thirſting after Syria and Jeruſalem, was (upon his
trecherous killing Antiochus, Alexanders fonne, to make the conqueft
eafier) affronted by Tryphon Lieftenant of Syria, and forced to flie to Ar-
baces the Perfian King for fuccour, who being acquainted with his unna-
turall ambition, not only denied him the law of hofpitality, but fent him
priſoner to Hecatompylon, where he was fettered; till upon fubmiffion and
promife of more obedience hee was releaft, and by Arbaces refeated in
his owne Dominions.
After that, Nymzamana, or halfe the world: (an Hyperbole borrowed
from Rome, Epitomen Vniverfi:) by Ben Tones who was here Anno Hegira
540. of our Lord 1160) Ahbahan or Acfpachan; by Mandevil our coun-
triman (three hundred & forty yeers ago) Saphavn; and at this day is call'd
Spawhawn (or as they Sibboleth, Sphamhawn) and by moft writers diffe-
rently ſpelled, Spaha, Spachen, Acbaban, Afpachan, Izpaan, Spahan, and
Hifpahan, the errors fpringing from diverfity of Idioms. From whence
the name Spawhawn derives it ſelfe, is not knowne unto the Natives(I askt
it them) how then fhall wee get intelligence? tis a thing for certainty
impoffible, yet will I venture a conjecture that it is either that old Town
Spada, where Eunuches were firft gelded, or from a compound of Afpa
(a horſe) and Chawna (a houſe, or ftable, or the like) Spawhawn per Aphe-
refin & Syncopen euphonically contracted; the rather conjectured, in
that the Hypodrome (the body of the great Mydan) was an old famous
place, for view of horſes: if that content not, I muſt ingeniouſly confeffe,
I think this City was never named Hecatompylon fuch a one I know
there was famouſed in many Authors: but by obferving the pofition 37
degrees so minutes in Ptolomy, I take Coom or Cazbyn to bee the relict of
it: the rather, in that Ptolomy, Pliny, and Strabo in their Geography, place
Afpa in Parthia, in 36 deg.; a name from whence Afpahawn may credibly
have been deduced: befides, the lat. is more agreeable : or peradventure
from Afpadana which they place in 33 deg. Spawhawns latitude.
Firſt, ſpeak we what the has been for grandeur in older times, and with
that we will couple our prefent obfervation. If I exceed,excufe it,preftat de
Carthagine tacere, quam pauca dicere. 4.D.645. of the Heg. 25, by com-
mand of Omar then Calyph of Mecca, Siet-ben-Abivakez with a few troops
of victorious Sarazens attempts to pluck violently from Yezdgirds head
the then tottering Diadem of Perfia,& at the third pull (having twice over-
throwne him) effected it, the glorious command of that Monarchy then
eclipfing: which done, this Ben Abivakez facks his two beft Townes
Elmedin in Chaldea (built Anno Domini 520, by Kozrao, fonne to Kobodes,
and yet the Alcoran fayes it fprung out of hell) and Spahawn in Parthia.
Alfo we may memorife her from Tangrolipix (a Turqueman, and Lord of
4
the
}
LIB. 2
155
Spawbawn.
Parthia.
the Zelzuccian Family, of whom the Ottomans) who in the yeere 1030.
of the Hegira 410. (Edward the Confeffor ruling England, Gruffgth ap
Llewellyn Wales,) was intreated by Mahomet then Prince of Perfia to ayd
him againſt Pysaftris an incroaching Babylonian, which Tangrolipix did and
profpered in. After that,he helped him againſt the invading Indyan,and in
recompence of his good ſervices, the Turque defires leave to paffe Araxis
to vifit his countrimen, betwixt the two feas the Hyrcan and Euxine;
and by jealous Mahomet denyed and fo enraged, that lurking awhile in the
Carmanian Defert, the Perfian gulph was at his pleaſure. But (vexing
to be fo confind) marches againſt the King, and at Shyraz beats his twenty
thousand darftardly foldiers,and after that, oppofes 60000, then alfo victo-
rious;whereby Mahomet fled,& with two much hafte to get into Spahawn,
fell from's horfe, and broke his neck, the Turks then fubjecting Parthya.
Rached-bila alfo, fonne of Almofter-fba was flaine by Mazud, Anno
1130. of the Heg. S10, and buried in Spahawn: which few for many,
ſhall ſpeak her antiquity in the name ſhe is now triumphant in.
Speak we now of the magnificence: wee have told you how the ftory
of ben-Abivakez a thouſand yeeres ago,cals her a great City, but gives us no
better deſcription. Ben-Ionas (who fayes he faw it foure hundred feventy fix
yeeres ago) affoords her twelve miles compaffe, rich, and populous. Man-
devel, A.D. 1 300 (which is above 300yeeres fince)faies that in his time ſhe
was a noble City. A. D. 1474. Iofeph Barbaruswas here (Vfan Caſſan reig-
ning) and hee defcribes Spahawn to bee a great and famous City, peopled
with 1500000 foules, the Towne and Suburbs ten miles in compaffe Rab-
bi Beniamin and Contaremins the Venetian Ambaff. so yeere ago, relate
that then thee had 20 Italian miles in circuit, and Lemius the Portuguife
fent by Albuquerq to Sha-Ifmael,Ar. Dom.15 13. reports her glorious.
I fhall now more largely, and truly acquaint you with her prefent ftan-
ding. Spanhawn, Metropolis of the Perfian Monarchy, is feated in the
Parthian Territory now cal'de Ayrack,& as Umbelic to that fpacious bodie
at this day awed by the Perfian Scepter : from the Perfian gulph removed
a hundred ſeventie nine farfangs, (of Engliſh miles five hundred thirtie
feven,) from the Caspian ſea a hundred and twenty farfangs (three hundred
and fixty miles;)from Shyraz two hundred twenty two miles,from Babylon
foure hundred and fifty, from Candaher eight hundred and feventie, from
Gazhyn 270. In compaffe at this day nine Engliſh miles, including
ſeventy thousand houfes, and of foules above two hundred thouſand,com- Circuit.
pos'd (befides Natives) of English, Duch, Portuguiz', Pole, Mufcovit, In-
dian, Àrabian, Armenian, Georgian, Turk, Jew, and others, drawne thi-
ther by the magnetick power of gaine and novelty: many things here are
memorable; which for order fake I will prefent you'thus divided. The
Mydan, Moſques, Hummums, Gates, Pallaces, Gardens, Monuments,
and Ielphey the City adjoyning.
Let me lead you into the Mydan, into the which ere I can bring you,
we paffe over a well-built Bridge of ftone, fupported by five and thirty River.
pillars, through which the Syndery (or Zindaren) from the Acrocerau-
nian Mountaines ftreames gently; fpreading in rainie ſeaſons here welnigh
fo broad as the Thames at London, but nothing fo navigable; in Summer
X 2
}
her
156
LIB. 2
Parthia.
Spawbawn.
Mydan.
her Channells being diſcovered. The Mydan or great Market, is without
doubt the moſt ſpacious, pleaſant, and Aromatick Market in the Vni-
verfe; a thouſand paces from North to South, the other way above two
hundred, reſembling our Exchange, or the place Royall in Paris, but fix
times larger: the building is of Brick, well made, and in delightfull min-
ner fabricated; the whole Mydan joyatly continued: the infide is full of
ſhops, each ſhop full of ware, archt above (and in a Cupolo) atop tarraf
wife framed, and with plaiſter (like that of Paris) cemented. This My-
dan being the nobleft part, is fo placed in the heart of this triumphantCity.
The Kings Pallace(or Chonna-Potfhaugh)conjoynes the Weft fide of the
Mydan, poffeffing a large quantity backwards, but juts not to the street.
further than the other buildings, nor to the ftreet fide gives any magnifick
front or ftate, her beft bravery being in the trimme, pargetted and pain-
ted with blew and gold, in mofaick or antick fort, interlac't with pofies
of Arabick, either favoring of oftentation (they deifie their Kings) or for
inftruction from the Alcoran; within, the roomes are archt, enlighten'd
by curious trellizes, the roofe imboft above with red, white, blew, and
gold, the fides with fports and painted Images; the ground fpread with
rich and curious carpets of filke and gold, without other furniture. Tar-
raffed above, garnifht with a Pharoe over-topping many Mofques, and ex-
cellent for view and breathing. The wilderneffe behinde,is fild with ayery
Citizens, priviledg'd from hurt or affrights, and for which they returne
their thankfull notes in a more ſwift melodious confort, than if they were
in the exacteft vollyere in the Vniverſe.
The North Ile in the Medan, fhews eight or nine fpacious archt rooms,
hung with Lamps and latten Candleſticks, which being lighted, gives a
curious fplendor. Thither the Potfhaw and others go to fee paftimes of
tumbling, dancing girls, and painted Catamites, that damned finne being
tolerated by the Alcoran. The furtheft end North is appropriate for
Mynts; the first day filver, gold the fecond, next day braffe. Not farre
thence are victualling fhops, wherein, to feed the helpfull belly, after the
bufie eye and painfull feet are fatiated,
Afore the Kings doore, and within the Hippodrome, lye unmounted
one and thirty Demicannons of braffe, and twelve iron Culverins,brought
hither (by fome late over-throw they gave the Portugall or Turk) from
Ormus or Babylon. Oppofite to this Pallace is a faire Mofque, but that at
the South end (of all others) moſt excellent; the outſide ftone, not
form'd to the Croffe (the hyerogliphic of our falvation) as ours bee; but
round, either from the Talmud, figuring out Eternity, or from the Alcaba
in Mecca, the ſhape whereof was reveal'd to Abraham from heaven, pat-
tern'd from that, Adam (fayes their Alcoran) reard in Paradife: within 'tis
diftinguiſht into Iles,the wals lined 15 geometrick foot high from the fole
with white well polifht Marble; without pews or feats :in center is a ftate-.
ly Tanck; and at the portall another, o&tanguler, fild with criftall ftreams
which is firſt forced to glide round the infide the Medan through a ftone
channell fix foot deep, and fix in bredth, which after a pleaſant drilling
murmur, flowes into this Tanck (or watery Magazeen) whence it is fucke
out by fubterranean paffages into many private houſes and gardens. With
in
1
LIB.2
157
Spawhawn.
Parthya.
in the Medan the fhops be uniforme, the trades are no where fevered, but
united. Some be of Mercers, of Lapidaries fome, and moſt of them of
gums, drugs, and fpices; fo (weet, fo delicate, as not till then, could I fee
the Poet fung well.
We fuckt the Aromatick ayre of Perfia. Auras madentes Perfcorum Aromatum,
Take the outfide of this brave Fabrick thus prefented.
4:0m
A
1
C
Hype dromed
D
ор
The
My dan
great Merkitt in
in J Jeahawne.
B
A is a Mofque South.
B. is an archt way
to the North.
Cis the Kings house.
D. is a Mosque East,
The
185
LIB. 2
Parthia.
Spawhawn.
Mosques.
Hummums.
walls.
Pallaces.
Gardens.
1
The other Mofques (call'd here Dear' and Zune) are orbicular for fhape;
for fight, low and indifferently pleaſant: the materials are Sun-burnt
Bricks, varnisht,and beautified with painted pofies; few are without their
Tancks (or cefterns of holy water) wherein all Muffelmen wafh their
hands, armes, eyes, (having formerly bath'd their face, eares, breaſt, feet,)
as an operative work to purge finne, and conferre devotion: their other
Church ceremonies I will contract in the latter end of this book, under
Title of their religion.
The Hummums or Sudatories in this Citie are many and very beauti
full; quadrated fome, but moſt be globous. The ftone is white,polifht and
durable:the windows are large without,croffed,and to the inner fide,made
narrow; the glaffe is thick, anneald and darkning; the top or covering,
round; and tyld with a counterfeit Turquoife, perfect blew, and very
freſh and laſting: The infide of thefe hot houfes are divided into many
cells or concamerations, fome for delight, others for fweating in, all for
ufe; of pure ftone all, all pav'd with jetty Marble: men ufe them com-
monly in the mornings, women towards night; the price is finall, but fo
generally us'd as makes the gaine abundant; tis the Catholicon againft all
difeafes, colds, Catarrhs,flegm,aches, agues, Lues venerea &c. the womens
being there, is knowne by a linnen cloth diſplayed at the doore, ſet
there (as a warning peece) by the jealous Eunuchs. The City is ovall,
each houſe delighted by large Cypreffe gardens: the wall is of no force
againſt the confounding vomit of the flaming Cannon; it is of uſe againſt
horſe, and fhock of Launces; fome parapets and bulwarks it has,of more
imitation than uſe; the Perfian magnanimity ever choofing to dye rather
than be inclos'd or feiged. It has a dozen Portreffes, of which, foure are
fhut up. Gouldeft, Chaly, Mergh, aud Cherbaugh, made th'entrance of a
royall garden. The eight are thefe, Hazena-bawt (opening towards shy-
raz and the gulph) De-crideft (to Babylon and Ardaveil.) Tockey (co Ga-
Shan, Casbyn and Tabryz.) Kerroen (to Yezd and Cawreftan) Lamboen (to Ha-
madan.) Sheydack Madayan (opens to Candaher and Indya.) Towbara and
Dalwaet.
The Pallaces are few, the Kings houſe in the Medan; that where wee
were lodged, belonging to the King, but made ready for our Lord Am-
baffador Conna Melojembeg, Tamaf-coolibeg and Haram Beguna are all I
faw, worth remembring: the firft, is low, painted without, guilt within,
well watred and inclofed with fragrant gardens. The laft, a Seralio,fa-
mous for pretious treaſure and as valuable beauties, of which (being dan-
gerous to inquire or view) wee will ſpeake in filence; the Caftle is very
large, well wall'd and deeply moated: arm'd with ſome brazen
but better defended by a troop of leane fact, beardleffe,memberleffe
Eunuchs, who like fo many angry Sagittaries guard their Ladies. The bat-
tlements are pleaſant to looke on, but no doubt the Horyzontall plaine
which is eaſily diſcovered from thirty rifing Turrets there, yeelds moſt
'pleaſure.
peeces,
The gardens challenge our attention; than which for grandeur and
fragor, no Citie in Afia out-vies her. It inclofes fo many, that at fome di-
ftance from the City, you would judge it a Foreft; fo fweet, you would
call
LiB1
159
Parthia.
. 2
Spawhawn.
call it Paradize: all whofe excellencies we will joyne in one at the South-
Weft end of Spawhawn, Nazer-jareeb by name, a garden famoufed defer-
vedly over all this Monarchy.
If you go from the Medan, you paffe by Cherbaugh, through an even
delicate ſtreet two miles long at the leaſt, moſt part of the way wall'd on
both fides, beftrew'dwith Moholls or Summer houſes, but more remark-
able in that abundance of greene, broad, fpreading, Chenore trees, yeel-
ding fhade, and incomparable order and beauty; the garden (or rather
fruit Forreſt) of Nazerjareeb is circled with a ſtately wall about three miles
in compaffe, entred by three gates ftrong and elegantly ſhaped. From
North to South it gave mee a thauſand paces, from East to Weft feven
hundred, from one end to the other eaſily diſcovered, by reaſon a faire
open Ally (like that in Fountainb'leau) runs along in parellell, diftinguifht
into nine Afcents, each furmounting other a large foot, each diftance
fmooth and even. In center, is a fpatious Tanck, made into twelve equal
fides, each fide or fquare is five foot, fild, and round fet with pipes of lead
which (after the Italick fort) fpouts out the liquid element in variety of
conceirs and poftures; that fort of paftime continuing thence to the
North gate, where is rais'd a pile of pleaſure, antickly garnifht without;
within, divided into foure or fix chambers; the lower, is fet out with
Tancks of rich white Marble,and fumes out a coole breeſe, by quaffing up
ſo much chryſtaline water as makes it bubble thither by a conftreyned mo-
tion, cut by incredible toyle thorow the Coronian Mountaine.
repre-
The higher roomes are garnifht with variety of landskips, and
ſents their way of ſporting, hawking, fishing, riding, fhooting, wraftling,
courting, and other fancies; the roofe or feeling is inricht with beaten
gold, imboft with azure. But, what feemd to mee moft excellent, was
the view we enjoyed from her Tarraffes, which affoorded us a dainty pro-
ſpect of moft part of the City; which, (fave at Ruftans Tombe, upon a
hill two miles thence) elſewhere cannot be obteyned. This garden is
repleniſht with trees of all forts; for medicine, for fhade, for fruit: all fo
greene, fo fweet, fo pleafant, as may well be term'd a compendium of fenſe-
raviſhing delights, or King Abbas his Paradife.
Monuments fhould come now to our defcription: but I found few to Monuments
feed my eyes upon. Ruftans Tomb must be one (two miles from Spa-
hawn) behind the Garden wee laſt ſpoke of: a Tomb fcarce difcern'd by
ſhape, but by the Gowers Cabala preferv'd from Oblivion. To fee it,wee
foot it to the very top of an Imperious Mount, where is only a hollow
Cave, whether cut by Art or Nature ſcarce difcernable. His grave is here,
his Image,at a place neere Shyraz (from his gigantive fhape ingraven of old
in a black-marble precipitious mountaine) Nocte or Nogdi Ruſtan, a brave
Cavalier fuch time as Artaxerxes (Queen Hefters husband) wore that Di-
adem.A.D.3500.but envie (the heyre of perdition)fo burnt in the wrath-
full heart of his unnaturall brother Shawgad, that when Ruftan was hot in
chaſe, he fell into a dreadfull pit, cover'd with boughes as if it had har cht
no danger, but in profecuting his hate was alfo flaine by a Dart Rustan
flung up to retaliate him. Such was the end of valiant Ruftan,of whom the
Gowers (the old Perfians) fable more than we of Bellyanis or Ogerothe
Dane.
Neere
:
160
LIB.2
Parthia.
Spawbaen.
Neere which, and neerer the Citie is Darius (or rather Xerxes) mount:
a rifing hillock, and whence, Xerxes viewd the innumerable Army he had
in that large Plain, weeping, upon a meditation that in ſo few yeeres noné
fhould be living; a Notion true,and fooner than he predicted; for what by
Themistocles athore, and Leonidas at ſea, at Salamys and Thermopila, his
huge Armie melted away, and quickly became numerous.
Not farre thence,ride we to the Acrocerausian hills (I meane not thofe
of Epire knowne to Ptolomy) hard and loftie. Through which, bold daring
Abbas is forcing paffage,though he effect it not under twenty yeeres,and by
th'inceffant toyle of 40000 (fomtimes 200000) men,to invite a fweet river
to Spahawn, that runnes contentedly to it felfe fifty miles thence, and is by
this I beleeve effected: which when it is,may well compare with that old
wonder, intended by vaine-glorious Nero 'twixt Oftia and Avernus, now
call'd Licola.
Within Spahawn I found none, fave that Columne or Pillar of heads of
men and beaſts,erected as a Trophy of the Kings oath and as a Monument
of the peoples levity. At the bafe tis twenty foot round and threefcore
high or there-abouts, for (to my fhame I confeffe it) I forgot to meaſure it.
The occafion this, of erecting it.
Anno 1500. Heg.8 80. fuch time as Tamas-fhaw ruled Perfia, and Guisze
added to the luftre of that Diadem: this Citie(furfetting with luxurie, for
Vbi uber, ibi tuber,ſayes Apuleius)refus'd not only to contribute reaſonably
to the Kings occafions (at that time troubled with Turk and Tattar) but
moſt audatiouſly with ſtood his defired entranceja rebellion ſo inſufferable
as made him fweare a revenge fcarce to be paralleld.With fury he affaults,
in rage enters, firing a great part and in all hoftile feverity pillaging each
houfe; and to conclude, regarding neither the outcries of old men, weak
women, nor innocent children,in two dayes he made head leffe 300000 of
thoſe late Spahawnians, and (from Tamberlan's rigid example at Damafcus)
eres a Trophy (this pillar of their heads,as a memoriall of their bafenes
En, quò difcordia cives perduxit miferos. Another-followes.
Abbas, by haſtie death of Father and elder Brother (impatient of cor-
rivalſhip)
Nalla fides regni fociis, omnifq; poteftas
Impatiens confortis erit.
No faith in fellow rulers, power or ſtate
Admit of confort to participate.
lops off all fuch branches as might eclipfe the fplendour of his crowne,
by power or Title, fpeeding to Spahawn to make knowne his poffeffion!
by fuch ceremonies as befitted him. The Citizens in ftead of meeting him,
fend him a choking meffage reviving the cruelty done Hentyr Hamze Mir…
zey his brother, and old Mahomet, which fo exafperates abbas that by his
fathers foule,the feven refulgent Orbes,by Bifmilia and Mahomet he vowes
their payment. They bid him doe his worft; hee befieges them they
regard it not; they expell his fury with equall force, and for a moneths
fpace hold together and doe like men. Yet in the end victuals
grow ſhort
and he diverts the river; fo as many fteale away, chufing rather to die by
hazard than endure a famine: Abbas takes his time and enters it, killing
1
for
LIB. 2
161
Spawbawn.
Parthya.
1
for two houres, men,women, and children, commanding a pillar to be
advanc't of the heads of all the Rebells, which had been done had not the
The Puter
in S
Spa
of Heades
harne
Mufti (in imitation of Aurelian, who
when he took Thyana (having fworne
the death of them all) made all the
doggs be hang'd up) in commiferation
feigned a vifion from their Prophet,
that (fo the pillar were rais'd of heads)
no matter though beafts heads did it;
Abbas pardons them: and forthwith a
generall maffacre of all kind of beaſts
infued, the Innocent fuffering for the
Nocent, and of whofe heads and thoſe
mens already flaine, this Monument of
mercileffe mercy was reared, outbra-
ving for height all the Mofques within
Spahawn,though now growne ruinous.
Such another is in Sumachy twixt Erez
and Derbent.
Ielphey is the laft part wee propos'd
concerning this great Citie: the fcite
reſembles Pera to Conftantinople, or
Southwark to London, the river Syn-
dery interpofing. Tis call'da Suburb
as be Gomer.abaut, Abbas-ebaut, Chan-
zabaut, Azenabaut, and Cheigh-Sabar.
Though indeed they are peopled with
men of one religion, admitting very
little mixture. Ielphy is govern'd by
a peculiar Podeftate an Armenian
Prince, Hodge Nazar by name, indeed
a Chriſtian Merchant : hee and his en-
joy freedome of confcience, but for
mony matters are at the diſpoſition of
the avaritious King. In Ielphea (nam'd
from another of that name in Armenia
(old Ariaramnes I beleeve, mentioned
by Tortelius) the people are numbred
ten thouſand, in Azenabaut foure thousand families. Ielphè is by fome writ
Golfa and Chiulfa, but I think I have better hit our Dialect. The Jelphe-
lyns are habited like the Perfians, but differ in face; moft of theſe and the
Georgians having brighter haire, and more modeft eyes than the Maho-
mitans. They are generally Merchants, and to ſay truly, but Factors for
the King, who exacts an account at their death,and inherits their pofeffions.
They profeffe Chriftianity taught them erroniously by Iacobus the Syrian
Monothelite. They have two Protomifts, one here in Ielphey, th'other re-
fides fomtimes at Sib neere Tharfus,other-times at Ecmeafin not farre from
Rivan or Ervas. Their religion I have already ſpoken of
Y
Gower-
162
LIB. 2
Parthia.
Spahawn.
Gowerabant is another Suburb, named from the Gowers that people it;
nick-nam'd from their Idolatry,being Relics of the ancient Perfians, and
fuch as at this day be the Perfees in Indya. The Perfians account not of
them, partly from their tytle to the Country, partly from their induftrie
aſhaming the Perſians in their idleneffe. They adored the Sunne (call'd
Mythra) a reprefentator of a more powerfull Diety; their Flamens a fort
of Platomifts, acknowledging many creatures to be moft excellent, but no
way comparable to God the Creator, the exact center of all perfection.
Pulchrum cœlum,pulchra terra,fed pulchrior qui fecitifta,&c.Howbeit they
have falne from that, and at this day deifie an elementall fire, which like
the veftalls never extinguiſhes, Zertooft their Lawgiver in his Zundavastam
above two thouſand yeeres agoe (they fay) commanding them. Their
An old Inhabitant
of Persia.
I
1
1
marriages are fuch as we have spoken of at Surat among the banisht Per-
fees now,their burials differ.The Indyan Gowers or Perfees expofe the dead
carcaffes to the Suns rage till he have eaten them,but thefe put them in the
hollow of a facred Tree, ftanding upright, fupported by the bole, till
Magick obfervation releaſe them,that if the Vultur pick out his right eye
firſt,
!
L1B. 2
Parthia. 163
Sardaban. Tagebaugh.
1
firft,he is in Paradife; if the left, a Cacodamon vexes him; they feaſt or faft
hereby, as joy or forrow is occafioned. Theſe people are moſt of them
mechanicks and husbandmen: few of them either Schollers, Soldats, or
Soldagars (as they terme theirMerchants: )their habit varies but little from
the common mode, fave that their headpeece is faſhioned to the garbe of
Hyrcania. The women fhew their faces (a thing very obſervable ) their
apparel is tinctur'd with yellow (refembling the burnifht imbrodery of the
Sunne) a flame-coloured ſcarfe hanging looſe behind them, many of them
whether out of zeale or poverty (I know not) ufe neither fhooes nor
fandalls. The farewell to theſe Gowers fhall terminate our deſcription
of Spawhawn; this onely remembred, that the Portuguize Friers have
two houſes here, of the rules of Carmel and Auguftin; their Chappell
is guilt and furnicht with Organs, Altars, Crucifixes, Images, &c. with
which, they hope to convert men to the Papacie : but Armenians love no
Innovation, and the Perfians in their zeale contemne Images; yet, they
ferve for efpialls, to fend Intelligences to Goa and Chriftendome.
We entred Spabaw the tenth of April,and on May day departed thence
for the Court, then at Afharaff in Mozendram about foure hundred Engliſh
miles diftant North.
Our first nights journey was to Reegue (or Reig) an houres riding from
Spahawne. Thence-forward we made(by reafon of the intollerable heat)
pale Cynthia and Arcturus our night guides, all day refreſhing in the Car-
ravanf-raws, good refting places if gnats forbid it not. From Reigue we
travell❜d to Sardahan fixteene Engliſh miles,& next nght we made Whomg
our Manzeil being ſeven and twenty miles from Sardakan. Next night to
Towgebant a house and garden of the Kings, for beauty add (weetneffe com-
parable to any other in Parthye; the more obfervable, being feated in a
barren curfed fandie foile, champaigne, and terrible to inhabit in. But
The blufbing Rofe growes here! the Violet
And Parthyan Mirtle in choife order fet!
Hic roſa purpurco crefcit rubicunda colore
Et Violë omne genus hic eft, & Parthyca mirtus!
for five hundred paces it every way gives a ſeries of all forts of Perfian
fruits and flowers, Pomgranads, Peaches, Apricocks, Plums, Apples,Peares,
Cherries, Chefnuts, Damask, red and white Rofes, and other flowers in-
numerable,fructified by a cryftall rivolet,intermixt with many delicate na-
turall and artificiall Grottoes, Labyrinths, Meanders, and Volliers, with
Sudatories or Hummums of good ſtone, pav'd with choiſe white Marble
the Mohull or Summer Lodge bragging of a dozen chambers, delicate in
view, rich in gold imbofments, and proud in th'Architect, all fafeguarded
from ſand and ſtealth, by a defenfive wall that hinders (fave in one rifing
hillock in midft of the fix deſcents) the affrighting fight of the circumvol-
ving Wilderneſſe.
;
Who calls himſelfe a Traveller, muft not imagine pleaſure his Object,
tis paine and miferie muſt entertaine him oftneft. Otherwife,I could have
lull'd my
felfe in this laft Paradiſe : but on wee muſt and try the diffe-
rence.
From Tamgebagh wee got next night to Bamt fix farfangs or 18 miles
diſtant,
Y 2
164
LIB. 2
Parthia.
Salt and fandy Defarts.
diftant, nothing memorable, fave an old Caſtle in the way, which, by Cyn-
thia's paleneffe, we could hardly difcover. From Bamt wee got by break
of day to Obigarmy, both of them houfes of the Kings, who has at every
twelve miles end a ſeverall Lodge betwixt Spawhawn and the Cafpian Sea
like theſe, and wherein our Ambaffadour had the honour to repofe. And
now we are paſt the danger; let me tell it you. Moft part of the laſt night
wee croft a miſerable inhofpitable fandie Defart, ten long miles broad, in
length a hundred: where we beheld mountaines of loofe fand, accumula-
ted by the winds fury in fuch heaps as upon any great wind the tract is loft,
and paffengers (too oft) involv'd and ftifled by that impetuous mercileffe
Tyrant, yea Camels, Horfes, Mules, or other beafts, though ftrong, fwife
and ſteady, periſh without mercy: Albeit the King (to do as much as may
be for prevention) has rais'd at every 3 miles end a Caftle, but by the un-
ſtable foundation,is in March & September in defpight of their beft props
yeerely peece-meale torne afunder, without any remaines of their late
ftanding. This our laſt nights travell was thirty miles. Next night wee
rode one and twenty miles to Suffedaw, an old rotten weather beaten Inn
or Carravans-raw,and placed in part of an unſociable Defart. Our next
nights lodging was at Syacom ten farfangs (or paraffangs as Pliny calls them)
thirty miles Engliſh,notable in her Carravans raw, built from the ground
of good free ftone, white and polifht, and was the firft building of that ma-
teriall I faw in eight hundred miles riding; a word of our laft nights jour-
ney. The moſt part of the night we rode upon a caufey broad enough for
ten horſe abreaſt, built by incredible labour and expence over a moſt
dreadfull Defart, eeven and affoording a plaine Horizon of boggy loofe
ground,cover'da top, a yards depth with pure falt, as white as fnow; a mi-
ferable paffage, for if either the wind force the falt abroad like duft,or that
by any accident Horfe or Camell miſtake the way, the quaggy bogg up-
holds them not, but fuffers them to finck paſt all recoverie; a paffage more
feared, from ſome forlorne hopes that pillage paffengers; God be bleft,
wee eſcaped this, but not another, little leffe formidable; for wee had no
fooner paſt the ſalt Defart, but of neceffity wee muft climb over and about
hills, fo high and glomerating, as if Olympus had beene cut out into Deda-
lian labyrinths. From Spacow wee rode next night 22 miles, moft part
was over other falt vaft Defarts wherein thoufands have perished, and
would yet, did not a like large deepe grounded caufey fecure the paffage:
And here we pitcht our Tents, old god Terminus in this place limitting
Parthya from further branching North, from whofe high tops looke wee
back and memorize her that was once Miftreffe of Afya, and formidable to
the Roman Emperours. In the Scythick tongue fhee meanes a ftranger,
(as Iuftin in his twelfth book) given by the rude Tartar, as to us the name
Welch, by the barbarous Saxon. The Parthyan Diadem was once garniſht
with two and twenty Kingdomes, encircling most part of Afja. From
which luftre ſhee fell; but after long eclipfe, by vertue of the Sophyan
ftemme, has recover'd a great part of her former bravery. Tis now call'd
Hyerac, firnam'd Agemy, to diftinguifh it from that including Babylon. Her
old Shires were Rhagea, Apamea, Tapira, Choama, Araciana, Semina, and.
Mizia, her mountaines,Orontes, Abicoronii, Mardoranii, and Parcheatri; not
mountaincs,Orontes,Abicoronii,Marderanii,
eight
L1B. 2 Gbezz Cafpian traits.
Hyrcania.
165
1
eight hundred miles in circuit, hilly and barren, yet breeding men both
wife and valiant.
Next night (Diana running cheerfully through her Zodiac) wee rode
eighteene long miles to Gezz a pretty Lodge belonging to the King: the
greater part of this nights journey was through the bottoms of tranfected
Taurus, whoſe ftupendious forehead wets it felfe in the ayery middle re-
gion: the fretum or lane is abut forty yards broad, even below, and be-
ftrew'd with pibbles; either fide is wall'd with an amazing hill, higher
than to reach up at twice fhooting, and for eight miles fo continues,
agreeing with the relation Pliny and Solinus make of it: a prodigious paf-
fage, whether by Art or Nature queſtionable: I allude it unto Nature
(Gods hand-maid.) But if it bee the fame which Pliny calls Cafpia porte;
Bertius, Cafpiarum Clauftra; Strabo, and Ptolomy, Pila Caspia,Media vel
Zugrie; and Zarzea by Dio. Siculus; I then grant Semyramys (who did
what ſhe could to eternize her name) effected it, and from her was call'd
Pila Semyramidæ, as Niger has it. Howbeit,the Perfians appropriate it to
Mortys- Ally; who with his flicing Shan fheer for the eafe of his people
made it; a ſword after their Cabala a hundred cubits long; and where-
with at one blow he beheaded ten (or as fome fay, a hundred) thouſand
Chriſtians of no credit, in that Pliny (ere Mortis-Ally was borne) thus
writes of it, Ruptura eft Montis longitudine odo mill: paff: anguſtißima,&c.
But though they ratifie their ſtory of Ally with an oath, from mee they get
no other beliefe concerning it than this. Hanc fabulam longi temporis
mendacia finxit:
Of more certainty is this, a Perfian in our company told me. That a
dozen yeeres ago, a valiant thiefe with five hundred horſe and three hun-
dred Mufquets defended this narrow roade againſt all paffengers;none paf-
fing nor re-paffing without Tribute. The King of Larry-Ioon, and other
mountaneers frown'd at his fawfineffe, and threatned his banishment; but
ſuch ſtormes made good mufick to his eares: Abbas growes cholerick to
bee fo bearded by an ordinary fellow, and fcornes to honour his over-
throw by an Army: for knowing he had many Cavalleers about him, he
doubted not by their courages to fetter him: he moves it and propofes a
reward: but they had heard the thiefe was of incomparable fortitude and
dexterity; fo as by long filence Abbas findes their feare, and grows pale
at it: yet ere hee could give his rage a vent, a bold Armenian under-takes
it: the King embraces him, and breaths fresh courage into the hardy Chri-
ftian, who excellently mounted, fingles out the gladded thiefe, that doub-
ted not to maſter ſo faire a beaft with fmall oppofall. It was his cuftome
to give good play; ufually commanding his company to look on, if one
or leffe than five entred the ftrait; fuch high confidence had he in his va-
lour and dexterity; in fhort ſpace they met, but parlee in Mars his
language; the Armenian (in all points fitted for a fterne encounter) fol.
lowed his blowes with fuch skill and fury, that after long fight and much
bloodfhed on either party, upon clofe hee made death a paffage : a victory
fo irklome to his men (whofe lives depended on his fafety) that like robd
Beares they fell upon the victor Armenian, who had doubtleffe there ex-
pired, had not an Ambuſh of many brave Coofel-balhaes broke out and
releeved
!
166
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
Perifcow.
•
pro-
relieved him; by whoſe fudden affault the wretched theeves were quick-
ly facrifiz'd unto their Mafter. The Chriftian returnes to Court crown'd
with a glorious Laurell. Abbas addes to his luftre and gives him a brave
command, fo infupportable to the weak foule of this too-ftrong Cham-
pion, that to content the Kingand ground his ftanding, herenyes his
feffion, though an Ocean of teares fhed by his beloved countrymen fought
to waft him from the Alcoran. But fee the end of fuch Apoftacy. Al-
beit the King had caufe to hug him in his bofome, fo excellent and fortu-
nate prov'd he againft the Tartarrs; yet jealofie (rather divine vengeance)
ſo ſtung old Abbas that without any triall or acquainting any man with
his reafon, hee commands Lolla-beg to cut his head off, fuch time as hee
was finging a lullaby to his good fortune.
Our next nights manzeil was at Halvary (eighteene miles from Gezz).
a well built Towne it is, and pleafantly feated, the earth being mellowed
by a ſweet rivolet, that purls from the tops of Taurus, from whofe ver“
tue the ground is richly appareld in greene, and requites the painfull huf-
bandman with a happy acknoledgement of Olives, Walnuts, Rice, Wheat,
and Wood in great abundance: bidding a fad farewell to that healthy
Village, the next night we rode 20 miles to Perifcow i.e. a broken Moun-
tain: a Town fomtimes honoured with the Kings reſidence; not that the
beauty of his houfe (but ordinary) allures him, choyfe hawking, Phefants
and other game more delighting him here than any other part of Parthia.
The Pole is here elevated fix and thirty degrees: the Towne is refreſht
with chryftallin water, fweet and advantagious to the earth and her inha-
bitants: tis built upon the brow of a high (well woodded) divided hill,
whoſe top has beene crown'd with a vaft Caftle, but now by age or warre
(the canckerwormes of all temporaries) is moath-eaten, her ribbs onely
appeare, expreffing defolation and famine. One Mahummed commands
the Towne, and keepes the fword and skale, but is I feare dame Aftreas
corrupted fervant: no marvell if in a difcontented humour fhee has left
the earth, in Perfia (efpecially in Perifcow) Juftice is fo odly ballanced. Act
our entrance into this Towne, (to extort a bribe from the Ambaffador)
he hangd one Perfian, cut off anothers nofe, and mutilated a third man,
to fhew his authority more than otherwife; their fault was, for fealing
atrifle of two fhillings value from a footman ferving the English Agent:
another was ready to bee' truft up, but a meffage was fent to my Lord
Ambaffador, that if hee pleas'd to beg his life it fhould be granted him:
my Lord Ambaffador very gladly ranfom'd him with fomewhat more
than a meere complement. Complaint was alfo made against a Farmour
for thrashing a whore against her will; Monfieur Radamanth bids geld
him, and to hang his ftones at her eares as two pendants, the gulph of
Perfia afforded none fo pretious: the poore wretch humbly befeecht him
to fpare his uſefull parts, fo did his aftonifht wife, fo as after much medi-
ation of friends and thirty pounds fyne, upon promife to grinde in his
owne mill ever after, all is hufht, and each part fatisfied. But each man
cried out, a fevere Cenfor is this Daragnod. I read that the barbatous
Gaules had fuch a cuftome, fi furaverit quod valet 40 denar. aut mecha-
bitur, vél, caftretur &c. But here many times they have fuch tricks
to
LIB. 2
167
Gbeer.
Hyrcania.
Alliavar.
to encompaffe money. Well may they therefore clamour out.
Gold forfeits faith, perverts the poore mans right.
Gold makes the Law a slave, where frame wants fight.
Auro pulfa fides, auro vænalia Iura,
Aurum lex fequitur, mox fine lege pudar.
After two dayes repofe in Perifcom, we jogd on; the Court then being
little more than a hundred miles from us. Our firft nights journey from
Periſcow was to Gheer, foure and twenty long miles, and tedious: fome
part was over terrible hills, other part through whiftling dales; in both
which we were ſo weather-beaten with a raging ſtorme of wind and haile
bred in Tartary, and forc't over the Caspian ſea (which from hence if the
ſeaſon had permitted wee might have feene) that it not onely tooke away
our fight and hearing, but threatned our braines; for in deſpight of our
beft skill and clofing one with another,it feparated us; infomuch as we had
hardly recovered our companies, had not the melodious noyfe of the
braying Mules, and jingling of the Cammells bells revoked, yea untwifted
us out of theſe Caspian or Zagrian ftraits; through which, when neither
Sunne, nor Moone, nor Starre befriends, whofoever hereafter travell,
let them (if they would prevent precipitious falls) borrow Thefeus his
thred, or be content to wander in endleffe labyrinths. From Gheer wee
rode next night foure and twenty miles, to a fmall Village whofe name I
have infortunatly loft: the Frogs (the Bul-bulls or Philomels of this mar-
rifh place) it may be were the caufers of it, affembled in fuch troopes, and
chirping fuch lothfome tunes, that we wisht Iupiter had been to give them
another King: for
The pratling Frogg (thinking his language good)
Croakes fruitfully in his beloved mud.
Garrula limofis rane.
coaxat aquis.
To Aliavarr,one and twenty miles from the Town of Frogs we rode next
night: a very ſweet and pleaſant place in water, wood, and ſtore of Phe-
fants; a bird in thefe Hyrcanian Towns, and neere the river Phaſis in Men-
grellya (Cholcos of old) originally breeding: Iafon and his Argonauts firſt
made them knowne to Greece, when hence he forc'c their Sheep, bearing
fleeces of gold,or gold-meriting fleeces. Next night we got to Necam, five
and twenty miles from Alliavar, obfervable in the Kings houſe, and that
the common Manfions and Churches here, differ not in fhape from ours
of the poorer fort in England. Next night wee got into Afharaff, a Citie
upon the Mare Cafpium. The Emperour of Perfia was here, and had long
expected the Ambaffadour; unwilling to remove hence, till he came,that
he might fee the extent of his Empire,and left wee fhould report in Europe
that there was no graffe (nor grace) in Perfia. The Sultan of the Towne
and fifty Cofelbaſhaes brought us into Afharaff, and ufher'd us to our lodg-
ing; I may ſay us, for the ceremony befitted not fo great a perſon as an
Ambaffador.
ASHARAFF (or Abafuraff,I dare not ſay frō Ahasuerus) is 2 long miles
from the Cafpian Sea. It is feated low, and many falt Mariſhes circum-
volve her; is but meanly watered; no other but a fmall fpring trickling
from
168
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
Asharaff.
1
1
from the Taurifian Mountains drils in two branches thorow it, the broader
of which is not five yards over. The ground is reaſonable far, but inculti-
vated: the greater part of her Inhabitants ploughing in campo martio. I
judge two thouſand Families live in this Towne, and no doubt encreaſes
daily, the King having but of late affected this place, his Pallace but newly
finished, and Farrabant the Hyrcan Metropolis but five miles Weft remo-
ved hence, where the feat Royall has beene kept for many Ages. Abaffe-
baut alfo,two miles hence, furpaffes for a curious Summer houfe,excells all
his other houſes for a delicate view, Imagery, Hummum, Water- works,
and a Forreſt ſtored with game of all forts: it I fay, attracts the King, who
(where ever hee ſtayes long) makes great Cities of ſmall Villages. The
Buzzar here is but ordinarie; the Moſques are not to be admired, the
Kings Pallace is vaft, and notable only in her Gardens: the building it felfe
is confuſedly divided into three or foure Mohols or banquetting houfes,
great and gorgeouſly painted; which, were they united might better de-
light the eye, and cauſe the Architect to be commended. I will ſpeak
more of it at the Ambaffadors audience.
The pole Artick is here elevated eight and thirty degrees, feventeene
minutes; it is due North from Spahawn, as wee obſerved in our ftar-light
travell, (for the dayes are raging hot, and not to be travell'd in or jeafted
with) Arcturus was ever juft before us: from Ormus to this place are a thou-
fand Engliſh miles: from Spahawn,three hundred and fifty,or there-abouts;
as reckoned.
1
!
The Am- But before I give you a furvay of Hircania, let mée prefent an effay of
baffador bas my Lord Ambaffadours audience and entertainment. After foure dayes
Audience. reft, the King (or Emperour, Potfhaw they call him) was pleas'd, without
long warning to affigne him his day of audience. It was the five and twen-
tieth of May, our Sabbath, and the fag-end of their Ramazen or Lent; ad-
vantageous to the Pot-fhaugh, for it fpared him the charge of a royall Ban-
quet. My Lord Ambaffadour had Sir Sobert Sherley in his company, and
feven or eight other English Gentlemen, his followers: good reafon it
was ſome Sultan or other fhould have convoy'd and fhewed him the way,
(the Court being a quarter of a mile diftant from our houfe) but it feemes
they wanted breeding, or,that fome other myfterie was in it: for,no other
than a footman from Mahomet-Ally-beg proffer'd a complement,every way
fo courſe that the Ambaffador had no patience to digeft it, fave by equall
contempt to inculcate in the Perfian mode, and fend him thankleffeback
againe. To the Court at length wee got, no noife, no admirers, faw wee
there neither; by which we prefumed, the Towne knew not of our going
thither, which I wonder at, fince Abbas of all forts of honours counted to
have ſtrangers at his Court, the higheft. At our alighting, an ordinarie Of-
ficer bad us Hofh.galdom and uſher'd us into a little Court du guard, that
ſtood in the center of a fpatious Court: in it was no other furniture fave a
few Perfian Carpets fpread about a pretty white marble Tanck or Pond
fill'd with water here we all ftayed, and for two houres fpace junketted
upon Pelo and wine, nothing fo good in taffe as the materiall they were
ferved in,the flaggons, cups, difhes, plates and covers,being of pure beaten
gold; thence, wee were led by many Sultans, thorow a fpatious and fra-
grant
L1B. 2 State of the Perfian Court. Hyrcania.
:
; to
grant Garden which was curious to the eye, and delicate to the ſmell
another Summer houſe, rich in gold imbofments and painting; but farre
more excellent in a free and royall profpe&t; for from the Tarraffes wee
viewed the Caspian Sea one way, and another way the tops of Taurus.
The ground chambers were large, quadrangular, archt and richly guilded
above and ont her fides; below, ſpread with mott valuable Carpets of filk
and gold: in center were Tancks full of cryftallin water (an element of no
meane account in theſe torrid habitations ;) round about the Tancks were
placed (pomparum fercula) Goblets, Flagons, Cefternes, and other Stand-
ards of pure maffie gold, fome of which were fill'd with Perfumes, other
fome with Roſewater, with Wine fome, and others with choifeft flowers:
and after wee had refted fo long as wee might at full feed our hungry
eyes with that food of oftentation, wee were brought thence into ano-
ther fquare large upper Chamber, where the roofe was formed into an
Artificiall Element, many golden Planets attracting the wandring eye to
help their motion. The ground was cover'd with richer Carpets than the
other were, the Tanck was larger, the materia more rich in lafpar, and
porphyr; the filver purling ftreame was forced up into another Region,
yet feem'd to bubble wantonly here as in her proper center: this fea of rich
ſtone, fo deepe and fo capatious feem'd an Ocean rather, where the fpoiles
of ſhipwracks were conjur'd out to pleaſe the appetite of Mydas or god
Mammon fo much gold, in veffels, for uſe and oftentation, being fet for
us to looke upon, that fome Merchants there, adjudg'd it worth twenty
millions of pounds fterlin: another watery Magazeen there was, circled
with a wall of gold and richeft Iemms: no flagons, cups, nor other there,
but what were very thick and cover'd with Rubies, Diamonds, Pearles,
Emralds, Turquoifes, Iacinths,&c. The Chamber was gallery wife, the
feeling garnifht with Poetique fancies,gold,and choiſeſt colours;all which
feem'd to ſtrive whether Art or Nature fhould be to'a judicious eye more
valuable: one Iohn a Dutchman, who had long ferv'd the King celebrated
his skill, to the aſtoniſhment of the Perfians and his owne advantage: the
ground in this roome alfo was over-layd with fuch Carpets as befitted the
Monarch of Perfia: round all the roome were placed tacite Mirzaes,
Chawns, Sultans, and Beglerbegs, above threefcore; who like fo many in-
animate Statues fat croffe-legg'd; and joyned their bumms to the ground,
their backs to the wall, their eyes to a conftant object; not daring to ſpeak
one to another, fneeze, cough, fpet, or the like, it being held in the Pot.
fhaws prefence a finne of too great prefumption; in breach of any them
fearing his fpleen, who (as Cafar told Metellus) could by the fulgur of his
eye dart them dead, fooner then ſpeak the word to have them killed: the
Ganimed Boyes in vefts of gold, rich befpangled Turbants and choiſe fan
dalls, their curl'd haires dangling about their fhoulders, rolling eyes, and
vermillion cheeks, with Flagons of moft glorious mettall, went up and
downe, and proffered the delight of Bacchus to fuch would reliſh it. At
the upper end (and furmounting the reft, fo much as two or three white
filken fbags would elevate) fat the Pot-fhaw or Emperor of Perfia, Abbas;
more belov'd at home, more famous abroad, more formidable to his Ene-
mies, than any of his prediceffours. His Grandeur was this, (circled with
↓
Ꮓ
fuch
169
1
170
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
Albaraff.
fuch a world of wealth) to cloath himſelfe that day in a plaine red callico
coat quilted with cotten: as if he ſhould have faid, we might fee his digni-
ty confifted in his parts and prudence, not (furtivis coloribus) to fteale re-
ſpect by borrowed colours or rich embroderies: croffe-leg'd hee fat: his
Shaſh or Turbant was white and bungie; his waiſt was girded with a thong
of leather,the ſcaberd of his fword was red, the hilt of gold, the blade for-
med like a hemi-cicle,and doubtleffe well tempered: the Courtiers (Regis
ad exemplum) were but ordinarily attired. My Lord Ambaffador by his In-
terpretor (or Callimachee as the Perfians name it) quickly acquainted
Shaw Abbas why hee had undertaken fo great a journey; to congratulate
his good fucceffe against the common enemy of Chriftendome, the Turk;
to agrandize the traffick of raw filke, and other Perfian ftaple merchan-
dizes; to ſee Sir Robert Sherley purge his honour from thofe fcandalous
imputations Nogdi-Ally-beg his late Ambaffador had blemiſht him with;
and,that perpetuall amity might be continued 'twixt the two famous Mo-
narks of Great Brittayn and Perfia.
The Pot-fbaugh rofe up; and in the Turkish Tongue gave him a gratious
anfwer. To the firft,that the Turks were a bafe people compared with the
generous minds and vertue of the Perfians; in fifteene battells he had
given them ample proofe of their magnanimity, and that no people in the
world were to him fo odious and offenfive. He wifht unity amongſt all
Chriſtian Princes, the Ottomans grounding their conquefts meerely from
their difcord: which if otherwife, they would readily retreat to Tarta-
ry. Concerning Trade, the King of Great Brittayn, fhould if he ſo pleaſd
have yearely ten thouſand bales of filk delivered him at Ormus every Ianu-
ary, and for payment would accept of fo many thouſand Clothes as would
equallin value his raw filks; which as he knew the filk was a farre greater
quantity then he could ufe in his owne Dominions, fo were the clothes
to him; but he would hazard the venting them by his Merchants, to ferve
the Tartars, Arabs, Georgians, and Mufcovians. And by this, neither we
nor he ſhould have any need to traffique or correfpond with Turkie. It
would infinitely redound to his honour and content; for hereby he ſhoul'd
diſappoynt the grand Seignior of his yearly cuftomes which he is forct to
pay, when his carravans go to Aleppo or other parts of Turkie to deliver the
filk, to the Venetian, Genoan, French, or other European Merchants;
and an unexpreffable torment and vexation to his heart and foule it muſt
needs be, to ſee the whole band of Ianizarjes maintained meerly out of
thofe his cuftomes. What was this? but to cherish thorns to prick his eyes,
or to make the fwords of his inveterate Enemies fharp and fitted for his
deftruction. Concerning Sherley he had been long of his acquaintance
and done more for him, than any of his native fubjects; that if Nog-dibeg
had layd afperfions unjustly on him, he fhould have decent fatisfaction.
It argued indeed Nagdibeg was guilty of fome heynous cryme, in that he
rather chooſe to kill himfelfe, than ftand to his purgation from fo impar-
tialla Juſtice: in fome fort he prefag'd my rigor, for if he had come, by
my head (an oath of no fmall force) I had cut him in as many peeces as
there are dayes in a yeare, and burnt them in the open market with ftinck-
ing dogs turds. But touching a perpetuall league of true friendship, wich
the
Į
L 1 B. 2
171
Asharaff.
Hyrcanid.
the Monarch of Great Brittayne your Mafter, I embrace ir moft heartily
and wish them accurft that go about to eclipfe it. And you are truly wel-
come ((peaking to my Lord Ambaffador) that have done me that ho-
nour, none of my famous Prediceffors ever had before me for as you
are the firſt Ambaffador ever came hither out of your Nation, fo I ac-
count your Mafter the firft of the woríhippers of Iefus, and of you in a
higher refpe&t than any other Ambaffador: which faid, Abbas fat downe
againe. And whereas all Mahomitans ſizeda, or knock their heads againſt
the ground and kiffe his foot or garment; moft friendly he puld our Am
baſſador downe, ſeated him cloſe to his fide, fmiling to fee he could not
fitt (after the Afiatique fort) croffe-legd and calling for a bowle of
Wine, drunk his Mafters health, at which the Ambaffador uncoverd his
head; and to complement beyond all expectation, the Pot fhaugh puld of his
Turbant; by diſcovering his bald head ſymbolizing his Affection: and after
an houres merriment departed. But by what meanes the current of the
Kings good will became diverted afterwards I cannot divine. I could
afterwards perceive that Mahomitan Princes are terrible crafty or
myſteriouſly politicious: for from that day till we got Cażbyn, neither
was our Ambaffador feafted at Court, neither faw he the King, nor did
any other Sultan invite, or come to vifite him: we partly found the caufe,
Mahomet-Allybeg was by bribery made our enemy; a Perfian lately ad-
vanc't from a baſe beginning, and for his neat faculty in diving into all
mens doings, acquainting the Potfsaw who grumble, who are contented;
by fuch his parafitick facetioufneffe has ingroft his favour from all others,
infomuch as all things paffe through this impure conveighance; for
whom he loves the King honours, fuch as he hates the King cruſhes all to
peeces. So that to have his good opinion, each great man out-vies
others by guifts and fuch lincks of corrupt eſteeme, infomuch that his An-
nuall commings in, are bruited fevenfcore thousand pounds fterling. And
well may be, fince Myter-beg (the overfeer of the Kings Harams or Se-
ralios) has a hundred thousand pound yearly,if it be true,fome here affured
me. Sors noftra humilior! poore Tamer-begs houfe at the North end of the
Towne impriſond us twelve long dayes and nights, (fo long the Court
ftayd, after we got thither;) where the Sunne darted his outragious
beames fo full upon us, that no part of the burning Zone could broile
more than did Afharaffe at that prefent: but the Sunne did not more
torment us all the day time, than thoſe innumerable ſwarmes of Gnats,
Mus-ke-toes, and fuch like excrements, ftung and pefterd us each night;
they biting us, we thrashing them like mad folks. Notwithstanding, fome
better uſe I defire to make of this time,than in ſpider-catching: and in the
first place commemorate we the Kings juftice, ( Tiranny I may rather call
it) for which, he is famouſed above all other Mahomitan Emperors: that
by view of others miferies, ours may appeare but reall flea-bitings.
A poore diftreffed wretch, upon fome bufineffe beftowed a long and
tedious pilgrimage from Cabull in India to this miferable place; where
ere he knew how the fucceffe would be, refted his weary limbs upon a
field carpet, chofing to refreſh himselfe rather upon the coole graffe than
be tormented by the mercileffe vermin within the Towne but poore
Z2
man
1
172 Hyrcania
Sha-Abbas his fevere fuftice. LIB. 2
man he fell à malo in pejus, for fnorting in a clima&erick houre, the fame
time the King fet forth to hunt and many Nobles after him, his pamperd
jade winded and ſtartled at him, the King examines not the caufe but fent
an eternall Arrow of fleep into the poore mans heart, jeafting as (Iphi-
crates did when hee flew his fleepy Centinel) I did the man no wrong, I
found him fleeping, and afleep I left him: a comfortleffe complement:
poore wretch! happy only in this, Enea magni dextra cecidit ! the Courti-
ers alfo (as the Negroes in Manicongo do,who when their Captain receives
a hurt by warre or accident,fympathize by voluntary mayming themſelves
in the like part) to applaud his juftice, made him their common marke,
killing him a hundred times over, if fo many lives could have beene for-
feited: but how highly foever they extoll their King, I preferre thoſe
ancient pagans before him, who out of Natures poetry could fing, Nulla
unquam de morte bominis cunctatio longa eft. A Soldats wife (or concubin
if you pleaſe to call her) having fed too high, in a luftfull bravado petiti-
ond the King for help, her good man proving too weak to conquer her:
a dangerous impudence! the King finds it to reflect upon himselfe, (old
at that time, and Mafter of foure thouſand Concubines) he promiſes her
a prefent facisfaction: he calls his Phyfitians, and when Phlebotomy was
held too meane a remedy, they give an Affinego an ophiat luftfull potion,
which inrages the beast, who by a forced connexion, bafely glutted her;
but in the end banisht her life alfo. A needy fouldier, drawes up a cata
logue of his good ſervices and clofes it in want, humbly intreating favour
and ſome ſtipend from his god of warre for fuch and fuch good fervices.
In bello non bis peccatur: for, for his faucineffe he is almoft drubd (with ma
ny terrible baitinadoes on the foles of his feet) to death; and (imitating
Pyfo the cruell Judge in Seneca, lib. 1. c. 16.) examines who it was that
writ it: the Clarke apologizes, the King quarrells at his fcurvie writing;
and that hee ſhould never write worſe, makes his hand to bee cut off:
giving the poore wretch juft caufe to ingeminate:Oh! quam velem nefcirem
literas.
Two needy knaves were brought into the Divan, and condemn'd for
ftealing many grievous tants the Pot-fham leveld at them, affuring
them they deferved death for daring to come fo neere his Court, fo loufie
and fo ragged: they confeffe they therefore ftole, to wrap themſelves in
better cloathing. Abbas is not ſatisfied with any reaſon : hee commands.
two new veſts bee brought and to apparell them; but winding fheers had
beene more proper; for the executioner forthwith drag'd them away,
and upon two ſticks, moft cruelly ftak'd them upon their fundaments.
Such,and fuch other was his inhumane paftime during our ftay at the Caf
pien ſea, enough on ſuch a ſubject, by the foot of Hercules the whole bio-
dy is difcerned for if I fhould fumme up his variety of tortures; his
men, men-eating hags of hell; his caniball hounds, his Capigi and their
death twanging bowftrings, his ripping mens guts and the like; what
could be the effect but an odious remembrance: and fuch is the hard-h ear
tedneffe of Mahomitans, a wicked people for cruell inventions: the ten-
der mercies of the wicked are cruelties: a good man is mercifull to his
beaft: but nor beaſt nor men, are here commiferated. And, albeit no-
thing
LIB. 2
173
Sha-Abbas bis cruelty.
Hyrcania.
thing be more commendable in Princes than Juſtice, (for it is that that
makes them gods) yet clemency is no leffe honourable. Tully a heart en
could affirme it, in his oration to Cefar for the life of Lygarius : Thy cle-
mency (O Cafar) is most excellent, yea more honourable than thy other
vertues : Fortune hath made thee great, Nature advanc't thee higher in
thy inclination unto mercy. Nor can they well bee feparated. A Prince
(exalted above others in dignity and Title) is tyed to an impartiall way,
neither hating nor fearing any, but rewarding and puniſhing as caufe re-
quireth; without which, contempt or confufion followeth. But to theſe
of Abbas I cannot give the glorious Attribute of Juftice: fince, if the pu-
nishment exceed the fault, it then degenerates into cruelty : a vice, odi-
ous to God, (the Father and fountaine of mercy:) to men, by imitating
their deformities; conceiting any A&,though never fo unnaturall (ifmoul-
ded after ſuch a pattern) good and commendable. And heathen Po-
tentates fwerving from the rule of divine Juftice, pamper the corrupt ha-
bit and difpofition of their minds, out of a monftrous appetite and opini-
on that they are above all law, and may every way inebriate their luft, by
fportfull tyranny: fuch were the inhumane games in the Roman Amphy-
theators: fuch was the barbarifme, Xerxes (as Xenophon notes) practiz'd on
Mefiftes his brother,& other Satrapaes; fuchin Dejoces(father to Phraortes)
who utterly exterminated the Perfian generofity: fuch in moft Mahume
dans at this day governing: I cannot chufe but adde the miferable Tra
gedy of his fonne, the memory whereof is recent through moſt of
Afia.
Abbas, by divers Paramours had divers children; many of which hee
educated with great coft, care, and experience. Of moft hope, fame, and
vertue; where Ifmael, Sophy-mirza, Codobanda-Sultan, and Emangoly;
foure brave young Princes; the two firft, begot on Gardina daughter of
Simon-cawn; the later two, of Martha daughter of Scander-mirza : both
Georgians, both Chriftians: the firft Lady was brought thence by Kurchi-
ki-cawn; the other by Shaw-Tamas-Coolibeg; both Perfians, both favo-
rites: all of them fo deare to abbas, that it feemed hee then had got the
Elixar of earthly happineffe: his wives were fo incomparably beautifull;
his favorites fo exactly faithfull; his fonnes fa lively the characters of his
perfon, policy and courage: reciprocally joying the aged King, and over-
joying the warlike Perfians. But it is commonly obferved that as the moſt
excellent things fade, periſh, and alter fooneft: fo this admirable candor
and perfection in thefe youthfull Princes quickly vanished, Saturn acting
it. Ifmael (when by reafon of his innate delight in Armes and many quick
fignes of magnanimity, the Afiatick world gazed and admired him) in a
black infernall cloud of poyfon went down to an untimely grave at nine-
teene, in the Meridian of his fplendor. Soffg-mirza, dogd by a like ad-
verſe deſtiny, though elevated at firft for revealing a confpiracy, was in the
end, at equall yeeres throwne downe and cruſht to death, after the dumb
Capigi had got a hatefull victory,meere jealofie in the King commanding
it. Emanguly, ere his popular applaufe could hatch his ruine, upon confe-
rence with a witch that hee faw (by the Almuten of his nativity) fhort
life attended him, growes fearfull of his Syres inconftancy, and in a deep
difconfolate
174
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
Sha-Abbas his cruelty.
diſconſolate melancholy evaporates his fad fpirits, leaving the expectation
of hazard and foveraignty to Codobanda Sultan, firnamed Soffee,who(made
wife by his brothers miferies) fo exquifitly behaved himselfe, in duty to
his King, in a pleafing diftance to the people; that Abbas doates, the peo-
ple celebrate, and an uncontroulable good Fortune feemes to dandle him.
Affability, bounty, loyalty, courage, and experience in Armes, at home,
abroad, the Perfian Monarchy, Turk, Arab, Mogul,and Tartar, admiring,
fearing, and commending him in feverall Eulogies and acclamations: his
owne, left nothing unfaid or uninvented that might honour him; his ene-
mies without giving their thoughts the lye, could not but idolize him:
who for all that, (not like our common fpirits, efflated by every vulgar
breath, upon every act, deifie themfelves, and conceit all great addi-
tions of honour under their merits) ftood immovable, forry he grew fo
popular; modeftly chiding them for flattery, condemned himſelfe of
hypocrify by fuffring his victories to bee fo guilded, fince what he had or
did was but a reflex of his Fathers vertue, which he doubted might fuffer
an eclipſe by his accumulations. Oh! how execrable is this marrow fret-
ting ſcab of jealoufie and envie? it converts that reafon which only makes
us Men, without any regard of juſtice, into brutifhneffe; yea to exceed
in cruelty the moft unreaſonable, moft violent creatures! Is not Abbas
a King, a Father? does clemency belong to any attribute ſo properly? Is
not Søffee-Sultan-mirza a Prince, his fonne? on whom can he more juftly
conferre his love? in whom fhould vertue rather dwell? where can there
be a better center? poore Prince! the path he treads to adde luftre to his
Fathers Diadem,to do his Country good, to be accounted commendable;
betrayes his ſteps, and intices him to an affrighting precipice: the more
he labours to delight his Father, it ferves as fuell to an unjuſt jealouſie; the
more hee dignifies his countries honour, the more applauſe the people
crowne him with; and Abbas feares his popularity: yea fo farre cherishes
diſhonourable thoughts, fo much degenerates from paternall piety, that
without all pitty or regard of juftice (which makes Kings more beautifull
and glorious than when circled with a Tyrants fparkling Diadem) hee ru-
minates his ſpeedy deftruction. During theſe his cabinet machinations,the
harneleffe Prince brandifhes his fteele in proud Arabia, but after many
conquefts,himſelfe becomes captivated. An Arabian Princeffe of good re-
port,great beauty (in fuch bodies ufually are impaled the faireft foules) and
other excellent indowments fettered him: but by his bravery and worth
quickly redeem'd himſelfe and vanquifht her. Such magick has love, fuch
magnetick power is in vertue. By this Lady he had (in few yeeres) two
children, Soffy and Fatyma : no leffe loved by their Syre, than beloved,
doated on by the Grandfyre Abbas; a ftrange affection, to diſtinguiſh fo
unnaturally; to ſeparate where nature had fo ftrongly joyned, to hate the
graft, and have the fruit endeared to him. But that his hate might flow
more currantly and leffe fufpected, hee lookes one way and fhoots ano-
ther; feekes to inrage by abufing him hee lov'd moft dearly, Magar an
Arab, the Princes Tutor, a fober, faithfull, and valiant fervant. Abbas calls
for him, and in leiu of applauſe or rewarding him for his fonnes noble
education, he lends him afterne frowne, accufes him of pride, and charges
1
him
LIB. 2
175
Sha-Abbas his cruelty.
Hyrcania.
him that hee had bewitcht the Prince with bafe ambition. Magar fees not
the venome prepared for him; and therefore in an humble, but confi-
dent excufe, feekes to quiet him, but the better hee apologuiz'd in his
owne behalfe, and the clearer hee made the Mirzaes loyalty appeare, the
more hee exafperates the King, the higher his rage inflamed: ſo that firſt
hee amazes him with a volley of rigorous defamations, and in that maze
gives the figne, a dreadfull figne: for forthwith the Capigies break out and
ftrangle him. An unparaleld barbarifme! an act fo unbefeeming that fa-
mous King,as amongst the common fort to this day it is not credited: but,
Fames brazen fhrill-mouthed Trump founds it abroad, and ere long the
Prince (then in action against the Tartar) has notice of his Syres injuftice:
hee leaves the Camp, and after many fignalls of forrow, befeeches the
King hee may know the reaſon of it: who flaſhes him this thundring rea-
fon, for thy rebellion; he calls heaven to witneffe his integrity and obedi-
ence, but Abbas provokes him further, to intrap and have fome colour to
fatisfie the world in his deftruction. The Prince madded with heat and
paffion, imaginés hee faw Magar a ftrangling; and in that exrafie unfheaths
his fword, vowing to refcue him: the King forrowes not at his diftra&tion,
but at this advantage (upon fome faire termes difarming him) calls him in-
to another roome, and (pretending he was not very well) goes out, com-
manding feven big-bon'd villanies,deafe and dumbe, through a trap doore
to iffue upon him, arm'd with bloody minds and deadly bow-ftrings: their
habit and weapons bewray their cruelty, they needed no other interpre
tors the Prince admires the caufe, and if oratory or other fubmiffive
fignes of entreaty could have gotten remorse or delay from theſe hell-
hounds, but till he knew the ground of this unnaturall proje&t, he had af-
foorded it: bur, affured they were inexorable, with an incomparable rage
and fuddenneffe he flies upon them,now one,then another receiving fuch
horrid blowes, that (ere they could fäften on him, or infnare him with
their ghaftly twanging bowftrings) hee fent three of them to the Divell ;
and long time defended himſelte, offending thoſe blood-hounds with ad-
mirable courage and dexterity, infomuch that had hee maſtered any wea-
hee had doubtleffe faved himſelfe; but wanting it, his breath failed,
pon,
and longer his valour could not nourish him, for, facile eft vincere non re-
pugnantem: ſo that at laſt thay faftened their noozes on him, who now was
as a dead man ; for all which, the villains had triumpht in his further tor-
tures, had not the King prevented it, commanding them to pinnion him,
and (before hee could recover his fences) to draw a flaming fteele afore
his eyes, and fo ra blind him, forbidding him the fight of what hee loved
ever after, wife, babes, friends, foldiers, or Magars carcaffe: And by this
impiety, Afia loft her faireft jewell, Perfiaher Crown of honour,and Mars
his darling.
:
3
The loffe of fo brave a Prince is quickly rumord: All Perfia mourns,and
in many threnodies fing his farewell: his Army fwells with paſſion, but
feeing no remedy, by a forced filence murmur their imprecations: the
Prince, when he perceived his undoing (the eye of reafon lent him fuch
fight) falls frantick; hee curfes his birth, his fame, his loyalty, his cruell
parent; and by many contumatious threats, vowes his deftraction: but
VANA
176
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
Sha-Abbas his cruelty.
vana fine viribus ira; he findes his revenge impoffible; but at that conceit
roares hidiouſly, and is not to be comforted, till Suliman-mirza, curchi-
ki-cawn and other his kinfmen and quondam favorits, flockt about him,
and by their miferable examples dictated patience; for none there but in
fome meaſure had fwolne big with the Kings infufion in their times, and
by like jealoufie were crufht downe, mutilated, and damnd to perpetuall
impriſonment. In thofe difcontented times, Abbas kept his Orb, moving
like another Saturn: now he imagines his Crowne fixt clofely to his head,
his feat fteddy, every way free from ftormes and other accidentall caufes
that might difturb his quiet: he fwum hourely in an ocean of delight, and
relifht it: but nothing fo much inchanted him, as young Fatyma; no other
Syren was melodious in fong, or delicate in feature, fave pretty Fatyma; if
any frood in feare, he is pacified by Fatyma; Court and Kingdome admired
his love, but joyed at it; for by this Lady they found a way to expell his
rage, and how to pleaſure him; the prifoners alfo by this Fatyma got fome
livelyhood; for want of which, they were oft times welnigh famifhed;
none (but ſhee) daring to mediate and thus by this good infant gained
they what formerly they pined for,food and comfort. But what joy findes
the blinded Prince, fince hee cannot participate: revenge delights him
more, that word as mufick pleaſes the infernall fancie of this melancho-
ly Mirza, not caring how deteftable,fo Abbas fuffered. The Divell infpires
new rage, and blowes the coales of (more than cruell) affaffination for
albeit he loved Fatima, yet hearing how his Father doated on her,that be-
gets his hate, yea hatches the innocents confufion. Oh! in him behold
the favage and tranfcendent cruelty of curled man revenge had plung'd
him headlong into a whirle-poole of unnaturall barbarifme; infomuch,
as when the pious child came (in an unluckie houre) to bring him comfort,
and by all ſymptoms of duty to expatiate her obedience; the wretch
grafpes her, &in a lymphatick fury whirles her neck about, unable to un-
twit her felfe from his ftrong and wrathfull hands, miferable Fatima ex-
piring by her hellish Father; and in her,the joy of parents,delight of Abbas,
candor of Perfia, and comfort of the diftreffed, vanishing. The amazed
Princeffe his wife cries out his fight deceived him,that it was Fatyma little
dreaming that he therefore martyr'dher, becauſe Fatya. And, as if that
had not beene enough, (to prevent the King of a fucceffor hearing young
Soffees voyce,doloroufly crying out for Fatima,wingd with rage he gropes
for him, but by the Princeffes interpofing, the boy efcapty or elſe had loſt
(what he now victoriously enjoyes) the Monarchy of Perfia. When Abbas
heard her Tragedy, he growesfo outragiously paffionate,that many feared
he would become his owne executioner. But, when hee had drencht his
forrow in a fea of falt teares, hee moderates his fpleen, and revives upon
hopes of puniſhment, and vowes to retaliate him in the height of cruel-
ty: but, receives fo terrible a reply from the diftracted Prince, who had
return'd a million of difmall curfes, that he is ftupified with amazement:
And to end the Cataftrophe, after he had tyred out two dayes with much
impatience, the third, hee put a period to his loathed life, by quaffing up a
cup of deadly poyfon: the King fhewing needleffe mercy in his folemne
buriall. The fad Princeffe mewed her felfe up from fight of man;but fince
{
her
•
1
LIB. 2
177
Hyrcania.
Į
her fonnes comming to the Crowne, whether hee have made her fociable
or no I know not: Abbas dyed juft at our departure. Let us now to ano<
ther fubject, and in a briefe deſcription furvey the pleaſures of Hyrcania,
which we have partly relifhed, and are now encloſed in.
HYRCANIA (whether denominated from her fruitfulneffe in Goats,
or from Harcoon in the Scythic tongue importing folitarineffe, or from
Hadora as Montanus call'd her, I dare not determine; ) is now call'd Me-
zendram (a derivative I think from Mandagarfis in Ptolomy)and Kabenkara:
by ſome (whoſe fancies I approve not of) this Province is call'd Karizath,
Corca, Girgia, Cafpia, Steana, Caffon, and Diurgument, relatives meerly,
ofinvention; the North is limited by the Cafpian fea, the Eaft with Sa
gathy or Bactria, the South with Mount Taurus, the Weft with Medya and
Armenia. Hyrcania is moſt part (a great part wee travelled) woody and
champaign; watered with many fweet and fpatious (but not navigable)
rivers; fuch be Araxis, (defcending fayes Ptolomy from Sacapen or Sadu-
cen) Cyrus, Obfel, Connack, Mazeras, Bundama, Hydero, (from the Defarts
of Lop) Aragus, (falfly faid to defcend from the Moloffians) and others,
which from the Taurifian Mountains ftream violently, and after they have
mellowed the humyd earth in many divided branches, wander into the
Mare Cafpium: at this day it abounds with many forts of beafts, birds,
fruits, fish, and villages: Sheep, Buffoloes, Camells,Affes, Goats, Horſes,
Cowes, Antilopes, red and fallow Deer; with Silkwormes alfo, and Phe
fants, Partrich,Quaile, Woodcock, Pellican, Heron,Pouts, Thrufh,Hens,
Philomels; and in fruits of moft forts; with fifhes alfo, as Trowr, Pike,
Carp, Sturgeon, Conger, Lamprey, Tuneys, Gudgeon, Thornback,
Cockles, Oyfters, Muffells, Crabs, Limpits, Dog-fish, and Cackrell; moft
of theſe the Gafpian ſea affoorded us: and (which we will fequefterifrom
others) with Lyons, Wolves, Wild-catts, Bores, Scorpions, and Tygers,
fuppoſed to nurſe the people, as fung the Poet
Them with their duggs the Hyrcan Tygres fed.
Hyrcaneque admorunt ubera Tygtes
Gnatts, Flyes, and Snakes (to our fad remembrances) in infufficient num-
bers. Townes of old were, Talebrota, Sarramanna, Adrapfa, Sorba, Af-
murna,Tapen, Carta, and Mauzoca; loft by protract of confuming time,or
from new names as new Inhabitants have fucceeded here; at this day are
theſe, Farrabaut, Aſharaff, Periſcow, Omoall, Barfrufhdea, Chacoporo, Caban,
Baezd, Darabgier,Gengee, Shamaky, Erez, Bachu, Byldith,and Derbent; flou-
riſhing with people, famouſed by trade, and admired in her plenty.
The Hircanians are but lately civilized, no longer than fince Shaw-Abbas
in defpight of their refiftance came amongst them: but how may we cre-
dit the Perfians (for 'twas they that told it us) in that at this day. they ex-
cell the Perfians, for husbandry,trade in raw filks,and other imployments;
fuch as has made them rich, and famous; yea happy, till the Perfian Soul-
diers intermingled & fuckt their hony from them: The Hyrcan language is
underſtood by every Perfian.Their habit refembles the Irish troozes: upon
their heads they weare Piramidall caps of cloth lined with delicate fheeps
wooll: the vulgar Hyrcanian take thus reprefented.
A a
They
178
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
Ferrabaut.
An Hyrcanyan.
They are generally affable, merry, curious in rarities,and nothing jealous
aftet the manner of other Mahomitans: we muft not beleeve the merry re-
ports the Perfians told us of their virgin curtefies: of old, they thought
to have forbad the valiant Greek defired entrance, by twifting one tree
to another, (as did our Abbat of St. Albons againſt the Normans) but hee
that had diffected Gordions knot (though myfticall,) with equall pollicie
fubjugated theſe Hyrcanians.
Upon Whitfon-monday wee left Alharaff; the King at that ſame time
journeyed into Medja to Casbyn: our Travells were different, hee went
by Periſcom, but fent us by Larry-Ioon,that we might have the better view
of thole his richeft Provinces: this night we lay in Farrabaut, a Citie five
miles diftant from Afharaff, late ſpoken of.
FARRABAVT (or rather Farrag-baut, from King Farrag-zed (baut is
garden, Zed is fonne,) fucceffor to Shezyr fonne of Iazan-Zeddah,and pre-
deceffour to Tezdgird the Hyrcanian King flaine by the Romans in the
yeere of our Lord God 595. five and twenty yeeres before the hegira or
baniſh-
LIB. 2
179
Farrabaut.
Hyrcania.
baniſhment of Mahomet) is not unlikely to be that old Amarufa noted by
Ptolomy: and the fame Citie per paranomafiam (if opinion delude me not)
which Vlughbeg and Teixera call.Strabatt and Eftrabant. The fcituation of
Farabatt is low, in a marriſh and infalubrious plaine; whereby it fucks in
the falt fumes and cold fomes the Cafpian fea (a little mile, North) evo-
merates. Tis watered by a fresh ftreame, forty paces broad; which ari-
fing in mount Taurus, bubbles downe, and at this Town incorporates with
the briny Cafpian: in place of folyd walls, it is ingirt with liquid moats or
trenches, planted with willowes and other trees, which give both fhade
and ornament: the houſes differ from the common mode of Perfia; they
be without Tarraffes or flat tops, and reſemble ours in England isther, in
ſhape, in windowes, and in tyling; the whole Towne brags of three thou
fand families; of moft Note, are the two Buzzarrs, equally fpatious, neat
and beautifull; many choice and fragrant Gardens alſo condecorate her,
which together make a combined beauty though ſeeming ſeparate: but,
more notable than the reft, is a fumptuous Pallace of the Emperours; at
the North ſide of the Citie, whoſe balconyes view, whoſe Gardens extend
to the Mare Cafpium. It has two large Courts (comparable to Fountain
bleans) either of which expreffe an elaborat Art in the skilfull gardiner ;
paild they are in many fhapes, the ground is forced into pretty knots, the
preading Elms, Chenores, and Sicamores furrounding and commixing fo
pleafantly, fo artificially, that from each chamber the profpe&t is amiable,
the eye and ſmell contending who fhould furfet fooneft of variety. The
houfe is low; but each chamber, high & capacious; rich in work,comend-
able in uniformity; we could not enter with our fhooes on (a cômon Àffia-
tick trick at meales & houres of devotion;the Romans alſo uſed it,asTerence
in his Heautont: Accurrunt fervi foleas detrahunt,&c.) fome are fquare,
fome gallery-wife, but all are arched: three were eſpecially rich and love
ly; whofe fides were fet with Mirrors or Looking-glaffes; and whofe tops
or feeling, were gloriouſly imboft with flaming gold; the caſements were
of large fquare Mufcovian glaffe, cemented with gold; the ground was
over-fpread with crimſon velvet,ſome ſtuft with Down; others with mat-
tereffes of azure coloured velvet; coverd with Calzoons of bodkin or
cloth of beaten gold: and in Winter the Pot-fhaugh fleepes either in
fheets of coftly Sables, or of delicate fhagg or theep wooll of Corafan : in
thoſe gallaries of Mirrors theKing has fundry repreſentations of venereous
gambolls, his Concubines studying by amorous poftures to illure his favor,
to glut his fancie: the other chambers are richly furniſht, the walls var
night & painted in oyle,but by an uncivill pencil,the genius of fome goatiſh
Apelles; tuch Lavaltoes of the Perfian Iupiter are there,ſuch immodeft po-
ftures of men and women, nay of Pederaftyes, as makes the modeft eye
fwell with fhame, the curious fmell winde nothing from thoſe artificiall
flowers, fave loathfome.invention. Let us goe cent the Caſpyan ayre,and
tafte the unruly waves, compared with the quiet houſe, fweet and whol-
fome. The firſt object are thoſe prams or hips, wherein the Mofcovite
failes downe Volga (70 mouth'd Volge, iffuing from the Hyperborean and
Rhyphæan hills) and from Aftra-can (in fix and forty degrees) croffe over
the Caſpian ſea, and at this Port or Demir.cape (in 40 degrees 20 minutes)
A a 2
:
ride
180
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
The Cafpian Sea.
}
ride at anchor, till they have loaded away raw filks, exchang'd for Sables,
ufually in March,in July returning; with a good winde they croffe the fea
in 8 dayes, though by adverfe ftormes Sir Anthony Sherley was fourefcore:
theſe veſſells (reſembling our old Corraghs, recorded by Cæfar and Lucan)
are without ordinance, the Sea is free of Pyrats: they are fowed with
hemp and cord (made of the husk of Cocoes,y and have little iron work;
the Marriners are as meanly furniſht with skill or uſe of Compaffe. Here
alfo we faw many Canoos, of one peece of wood hewd our of fome grown
Oke (Hyrcania has ftore, yet little ufed) capable to receive eight men în
faire weather without much danger.
The Cafpian Sea (call'd by the Perfians Deriob. Mozendram, by theArabs
as all other Ponds, Bobar corfun) is brackish,and very turbulent,yet land-
lock on every fide; the Hyrcanian, Armenian, Ruſs, and Tartar circum-
volving her: nor has fhee commerce with any other fea, except it be fub-
terranean with the Euxine. They are three hundred miles afunder, yet
may admit ſo vaft an intercourſe, if wee confider the like (though not fo
much) in other places: as in Ziaberis, which fprings from Taurus, and after
thirty miles concealment under ground, againe difcovers it felfe and com-
mixing with Rhodago, in one ftreame, wander into the Caspian; great Alex-
ander at Aristotles requeft made triallby two Oxen, who confirmed it: as
alſo in Niger an Afrique river, and others in other places. Some vent or
other it has queftionleffe, otherwife it would overflow or putrifie; for it
receives many great and navigable rivers, as Volga, Araxis, Cyrus, Connack,
Obfel, Rhodago, Mazieras, Hydero, Aragus, Phafts, Ilment, Sirto,Chefel,Oxus,
Edel, Rha, (fome call Volga fo) Iehun, Habyn,&c. by many oftiums fwelling
her womb or concave channell. It has three thoufand Engliſh miles com-
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paffe: from Ferreban to Aftra-cam or from N. to S. are fix hundred miles:
from Eaft to Weft, above feven hundred; in fome fort Ovall: made dan-
gerous by many fyrtes and rocks made happy in abundance of watery In-
habiters:
LIB. 2 Chacoporo. Barfrush-De
-181
Hyrcania.
}
habiters: Porpice, Conger, Sturgeon, Caveare (the roe of Sturgeon cur
and falted) Goodgion, Thornback, Turbut, Cackrell, Skate, Soles, and
fhell-fifh innumerable. Nicanor the Syrian Anne Mundi 3666, made a
vaine attempt to bring the Euxin and this Sea into one, to make it foci-
able and navigable; but had fuch iffue joynd to his cost and paines, as se-
foftris, Xerxes, Alexander, Nero, Lucys, and other Monſters of the world
had in that and other their impoffibilities.
Foure dayes wee ſpent feafie journeys upon this remote fhoare; the
firft night wee got to Chacoporo, a big Towne; twelve long miles Weft
from Farrabat, and upon which, the fea oftentimes beats outragiouſly:
a river, a ſtones caft over refreshes her, but (if they told us the truth) is
not alwayes potable; for one month every yeer it tafts brackiſh.Next night
we got to Barfrufh.de, a great Towne; well peopled, inriched with ſilk-
wormes, wood, and excellent water; and therefore they may the better
forbeare wine; for the law here forbids the uſe of it, under a grievous
penalty. This place is from Chacoporo 12 miles, many of the men here de-
light in Archery, and have long beene famous'd in that manly exerciſe.
-the Tem
Into Ithyrean Bows is made to bow.
Ithyreos taxi curvantur
in arcus.
Hyrcania is a continued Forreft, and of all the trees I faw, none excee
ded the Mulberies, for numberleffe numbers, none more notable for uſe;
ten, yea thirty miles fpreading in them: the berries if white, refreſht our
bellies, the colour our eyes, the leaves our obférvation. In every Village
and Cottage wee might behold fheds fild with induftrious people, and in-
riching filk-worms,feaming the feminary of that valuable Fly,fo accoun-
ted of through all the world, fo advantageous to the Perfian Emperour;
who from hence (befides thofe many rich Carpets of filk and gold, filk, filk
and filver yeerely woven for their owne uſes) extracts an annuall quantity
of raw filke, feven thouſand fix hundred Batmans (or bales I think) expor-
ted through Turkie into Europe, to his great benefit. The filk-worme
(as in quality, fo in diverfity of fhape) varies from other wormes: her firſt
generation arifing from a finall round black ſperme (like Gunpowder or
Mutturd-feed) which by moderate heat increaſes to an inch, affuming (at
firft) the ſhape of a palmer worme, from which refemblance in fix months
fhe two times changes: her common food are leaves and boughs of trees;
but of all other, the white Mulbery moft delights her, ftrewed dayly all
over their fheds, kept fweet, and warme, and cleanly. Having fatiated
their uſefull appetites, they forthwith become enemy to idleneffe, fur-
ceaſe their creeping, and with their excretiated vertue intwine them-
felves, in fome fort making their lawne both winding-fheet and Sepulcher.
The filke co-operates with fuch colours as be laid afore them, white, yel-
low, greene, and fandy. And albeit they be involved, yet are they vinble
to the eye, fuch is the tranfparency of their excrement. Their exterior
part, is a pale gold commixt with lemon, rough and hayry. The interior
more hard and form ovated, the better to inhume th included Fly. Whofe
task being ended, the filken cods or balls are ſtraightway ſpread afore
1
Apolloes
#
182
LIB. 2
Hyrcania.
Omoall.
Apolloes corrufcant rayes, by whofe radiant candor the diftreffed worme
is broyld to death; not unlike a glorious mifer fælicitating his death, fo ic
be in contemplation of his rich idolatry. And by this expanfion the filk
becomes much finer and purer, than if ſhee were fuffered from her owne
notion to iffue forth and break her habitacle: After this the filke cods are
thrown into a large caldron, fild with water, and made meanly hot; then,
with a penetrated cane the people ftir the about,at once drawing the flimy
filke from as many as his inftrument can lay hold upon, or convene in ad-
vantage; laftly with a wheele they are turned round; it attracts the filk,and
leaves (nothing worth the getting) indivellicated. But that they affoord
hony, yeeld wax, build nefts, and are a fort of ſpyder, Ariftotle, and Pliny
may conjecture fo, but experience derides their fuppofition. By this time
we are got to Omoall a City as well known as any other in Mozendram.
OMOALL, (of old, Zarama I imagin) is thought to bee that Na-
borca or Naborea, where the Oracle of dreames was fo much famouſed.
It is built under the North fide of the imperious Mountaine Taurus; of
fuch Grandeur, that three thouſand Families inhabit in her, of ſeverall
countries and languages, Armenians, Georgeans, Hyrcans, Perfians, Jewes,
Curdies, and Mulcovians, who make a Babel of feven tongues amongft
them. The place is fruitfull, and bleft in preſent proſperity and antick
greatneffe,the ruines compleating the report of her being once Metropo-
lis; the houſes at this day are not builded in the meaneft faſhion, glorying
above the reſt, in an old, but ftrong and ftately Caftle, fecond to none
about her; which, befides the well compofed Architecture (affoording no
fmall pleaſure to the eye) is obfervable in a deep trench fild with water,
of good defence agaipft, the pilfering and rodomantadoes of the adjoyn-
ing Taurifians: commendable alfo in fome fweet gardens uſefull and de-
lectable : within the Towne and neere the Caftle, is a famous Moſque,
honoured by foure hundred and foure and forty Princes and Prophets
of that Kingdome intombed there, whofe Sepulchers raife admiration in
the beholders; that eſpecially of Meer Agowmadeen is famous, to whole
fhrine are daily offered ferious devotion. As I entred, I found twenty
reverent and well apparelled Arabians in a round, cloſe by the Princes
Dormitory, with each an Arabic Alcoran before him; out of which, with
great modefty and good mufick they chanted a dolefull requiem to his
ghoft; in which they were fo ferious, that notwithſtanding I came fudden-
ly amongſt them, and in fuch a habit as others admired, they fung on and
in a Dorick ſweetneffe continued till they had finifht that their Threno.
dy; which ended, they arofe and bad me heartily welcome, readily poyn-
ting out the rarities of their Temple. Thence, I went to the river fide
(over which upon a Bridge we rode the night before) hoping to fhade my
felfe (from outrageous Phaeton) under fome Poplars there abounding;
but quickly left the place againe : for 7 or eight beautious (but not bashful)
Damofells (like fo many Dorids) fprung fuddenly out from the water, to
admire my cloaths, never regarding they were naked; fome my hat, my
hayre others, other-fome thought my fpurres an antick, I wondred no
leffe at their immodefty, and left them with a frowne, dictating their baſe
carriage and my impatience. And till by inquiry I faw it came froma
greedy
LIB. 2
183
Larry-foon.
Mount-Taurus.
greedy novelty, I thought them Layefians: but it feem'd I erred; for
when the men (fuch time as Phoebus mounts in his meridian) go to fleep,
the women then enjoy the river and coole their heat, in both kinds too
much abounding there. Their habit is only a ſmock of tranſparent lawne,
wrought at hands, neck, and skirt, with an imbroydery of filk and gold;
the men are cloathed like the other Hyrcanians. From Omoall we travel-
led to Larry-Iohn or Joon; (I cannot tell if that Ionaca in Ptolomy) thirty
miles thence; at which place the Kingdome of Hyrcania takes end and
Mount Taurus, or Taur achow a beginning. Taurus (layes Dion. Alexan.)
Totius Orbis terrarum maximus, fic dictus quod inftar Fauri elato capite ince-
dit,&c. But Euftathius thus, Veteres omnia grandia & robufta Tauros
vocavere, &c.
Our journey lay fometimes through inhospitable ftrats, other times
over moft ftupendious hills; the bredth from one fide to another about
fifty Engliſh miles, from Omoall to Damoan; the length fifteene hundred:
towring in a hedge of hills from Armenia to the furtheft part of Indya:
and after two dayes painfull climbing got fo high, that wee might fee the
middle region under us, and we involved in chill exhalations. Taurus,
Mons omnium maximus,fayes Ariftotle; yet the fublime height did not dif-
aminate us, as did the danger of defcending, the path was fo uneven and
craggy; yea, the rocks fo unskilfully cut out for a paffage; that great heed
muſt be taken in the treading or a terrible precipice into a bottomleffe lake
indangers us; in one hill for three miles together the way was carved
(by fome unskilfull workman) in the mid-part of a moft horrible afpiring
perpendicular Mountaine, the lane in fome places a yard, in ſome but
halfe a yard in breadth, ſo as if by accident two horfemen meet, I could
not ſee how both could have fafe paffage,nor is it higher than ones head if
mounted ; a wretched paffage ! for whiles I was fometimes looking at the
wonderfull height above us, and anon cafting my fight downwards into
that dark Abiffe, a rock bending ill-favoredly into the narrow way ftruck
me fuch a blow, as for a great while I was aftonied, and happily delivered
from a downfall, a rock, demanding an uncivell tribute from all careleffe
paffengers. At length wee got fafe out of that formidable path of death
into the broad and lofty Mountaines, from whence the lying Greekes be-
held Prometheus (ſonne of Tapeth by Afia his wife and brother to Atlas)
cheyned to theſe rocks, his heart gnawed by a Vultur, for daring (though
Pallas helpt him up) to fteale celeftiall flames from Apollo's Chariot
wheeles,to infpire life into his Images. The mythology is this, from theſe
high Mountaines Prometheus firft ftudied and obferved the firmamen-
tall motion, the acronicall rifing and fetting of the Stars and other bodies
celeſtiall, the cauſes of Meteors, eclipfes, and other hidden rarities of
nature.
Hence Pyrrha's ftones are fabled,Saturn's reigne, Hinc lapides Pyrrhæ ja&tos, Saturnia regna,
The birds of Taurus, Promeths theevish veine. Caucaſiafq; refert volueres, furtumq; Promethei.
Hence alfo let us view (from this higheſt Tarraffe of the world) North
Eaſt, and fix our dım fight upon Cerafon. Corazon I take for that, old wri-
ters
*
184 Mount-Taurus.
Corazan. Turquftan. LIB. 2
4
ters intitled Coraxi in Pling,Corziana in Procopius; Corafphy in Ptolom ; Cho-
rafmia in Athaneus, vicinating the Seres (part of Sogdiana the one, of Aria
the other) famous in filk and delicate wooll, by Lucas memorized.
Quid Nemora Athyopum molli canentia lana,
Velleraque ut foliis deſpectant tenua Seres.
wooll,
What Aethiops woods made white with tendreft
Or Seres leaves, which fcorns foft fleece to pull.
Tzetza thus in their commendations. Seres atque Tochares (the firſt feat
of the Turks or Turqu'ftans) gentes prope Indiam, texturas pulcherrimas
texentes omnium, & quæ præciofiores antiquis temporibus Iberes occidentales
(now Georgia) & Coraxi (now Corazon) fimiliter tèxturas pulcherrimas
lana operiamur, &c. Nunc autem abuteus ut multi, dixeram illud exc Thebis,
ex Sericis non ignarus ut alii,&c. Whereby it ſeemes though filke in the
Latin is from the Seres, yet they had it from the Iberians, and they from
Egypt; fo likewife now Hyrcania is moft excellent. Sydonius Apollina-
rius alſo thus:
Affyrius gemmas Ser vellera, thura, Sabæus, Affur yeelds gems, wooll Seres, Saby fumes.
Corazon (included twixt 36 and 40 degrees) is divided into three large
Provinces. Hery, Farghan, and Tocharistan, (i.e. Aria, Paropamifa, Tocha-
ria) all at this day adding luftre to the Perfian Diadem. Of Hery and
Farghan I have elſewhere ſpoken.
Tochariftan or Turquestan- is a member of the Ouzbeg-Tartar in 40
degrees, adjoyning Gaznehen and Smarcand. Townes of note there, are
Tuz (in 38 degrees, the birth-place of Nazarradyn the great Mathemati-
cian, & Commentator upon Euclyde) Nishapore, Sarkas, Gelack,&c. exten-
ding from this part of Taurus to the river Nycaphtac, of old call'd Oxus,
the Terminus to the ambitious Perfians; fubdivided into many Topar-
chies, the Cama, Camaca, Alizonii, Bafilei, Vrgi,&c. buried at this day
in oblivion, or wrapt up in other Nomenclations. Maurenahar, part of
Sogdiana has the river Iehun on the South, (Gihon or Gychon) and Kora-
zon, with Gazneken to the South Eaft; and to the Weft the Mare Caſpium;
it is a part of Tartary, fpatious, populous, but barren, mountainous; the
people affecting rape and idleneffe. Some make it a part of Turqueſtan
(a remnant of thoſe, Alexander fhut up) and from whom are fprung thofe
Caterpillers of the world, the Turks, the of-fpriug of Hagar, and though
to us but lately knowne, yet to old Geographors the name Torc was fami-
liar, repeated by Rabbi Benjamin-ben lomas in his Itinerary, who notes
that the captive Jewes brought hither by Salmanaffer, affociated with the
Torqs neere Nyshabur, by Ptolomy Nifibi, by others the mountains of Ni-
febon; Hayton allo commemorates them and vlughbeghius. Townes of
account are, Buchar and Seonargant, (Maracanda in Arrhyan, Samracha-
tan in Chalcondiles, Paracanda in Strabo, Sarmagana in Ptolomy.) (Bokar
and Samarchand) the birth places of Avicen (call'd Honain-Ali-ben-fein)
borne Anno Heg. 370, a famous fcholler, in ninety bookes of Phyficks,
Chymicks, and Philoſophy helping others: and of Tamerlan borne Anno
Heg. 760, Balk, Thalan, Arzas, Kaz, sychameft, &c, inhabited by a
Scythic
LIB. 2
185
Larry-foon.
Mount-Taurns.
1
1
Scythic people then and now removing too and fro in Tents; a warlike
race, but illiterate and blockiſh; great Idolators, carving the Devill in
many ugly poſtures; very ceremonious, abftaing from bread, drink, wine,
buttoraw flesh of horfe and man, had a terrible appetite.
An Ouz-beg man.
ال الملالنفسية
And if we were to give every hill and Province their old nomenclations
from Armenia to Indya, it would favour of prefumption and prolixity;
the queft is ſo obfcure, fo fhip-wrackt in the gulph of dim oblivion, Heni-
ochus (in Mengrellia) Gordiai, or Ghibel-Noe in Haiton (in Iberia,)Niphates,
Mofchici (from Mefech, and whence the Mofcovite,) Pariadri,Coraxici,and
Baris (in Armenia:) and thoſe rabble of incertain Incola: the Maffagets,
Taburai, Suabi, Bomaræi, Alinorſi, Cadufii, Comari, Sagazini, Carafini,
Pratite, Paredoni, Cythani, Marucai, Harmatatrophi, Mandradani, Sari-
phi,Turquemanni, Bochari, Gaznehi, and other Prouinces, all of them
compriſed in theſe foure Ararat, Caucafus, Taurus, and Imas, at this day
new-named Arar, Adozar, Taur, and Kopizath.
Bb
Nam
186
LIB. 2
Mount-Taurus.
Albors
Nam hoc feito probe neque te lateat,
Vt Abafgi & Alani, & Saca & Daca,
Rhos atque Soromate, & qui proprie Scythe,
Et quicunque finitima gens flatibus Borea,
Communiter denominant ur Scythe, Scytharum nomine.
But more uſefull to our intellect, is the long time famous'd Mountaine
Albors,neere this place; infamous in the Pyree or Temple of Idolatrous
Fyre, which has never gone out for fifty Ages. Strabo in his fifteen and
Procopius in his fecond book of the warrs and jarrs in Perfia remember it:
Ben-Ionas alſo, a vagabond Jew records it. Within the Fane (round and
low) is an Altar elevated five fteps from the ground: afore this Altar is a
Trench or ditch, wherein the Fyre-god is placed; a fire not as is other
elementall fire, fed by cumbuſtibles; but of that, Prometheus tole from
Don-Phœbus Cart-wheeles, or which Zertooft their Law-giver ftole from
heaven, (a cabala of equall truth, and chufe you which likes you beft)
and is, no doubt in imitation of the Jewish fire which Mofes comman-
ded ſhould never bee extinguifht or prophan'd, 6 Levit. 13, the Devill
ever frameing his worſhip (to make it better accounted of) after the beſt
patterne. In this Tophet,they commonly immolated their little children,
andfomtimes men of more yeers than difcretion,thinking by this volunta-
ry to purchaſe an (iron)crowne, of (hellifh) martyrdome. After he had
vow'd himſelfe to bee a facrifice, his friends in great troopes, and with no
leffe joy flockt about him; clapping him on the ſhoulders with this
greeting. Hayle, bleffed man! When? when wilt thou burne thy impure
carcaffe, to have it purg'd & made glorious in Paradize? he appoints a day,
and they prepare towards the ceremony: the time being come, they al-
femble at his gate; & he iffues crown'd with garlands; they mount him upon
a Mule, (for after hee has vow'd, hee muft no more honour the profane
earth with his foot-teps) the Iefop annoints him with a hallowed oyle,and
after many loving farewells, he incinerates in flame to afhes. Ere his chil-
dren depart, or mufick ceafe roaring, the Prieft having confulted with the
Devill, tells them their duty; bids them fanctifie themſelves, and provide
a coftly banquet againſt ſuch a day, when their fathers ghoft means to vifit
them: they leap for joy, and think each houre a day till the time accom-
pliſhes. At laft old Satan comes, that fubtle lyar, and in their fathers ſhape
or phantafme, enters amongst them, and at ſome diſtance deludes their
eyes, and readily fatisfies their curiofities; they inquire how Paradize con-
tents him; hee replies, by profpect it is a garden of fuch delights as are
ineffable, but as yet cannot poffeffe it. They aske why? he tells them,
becauſe his will is unperformed; they aske who he left it with, the Prieſt
produces it: the tenor is of one note, his goods must be divided into three,
the Altar one, the Priefts another, his children a third: without which
ſpell the ghoft affrights them ever after. The Gowers in many parts of
Perfia are of this religion;the Perfees alfo in Indya. Upon theſe Mountains
they fable, that Pifchyton (Guztafps eldeſt fonne, who in Iacobs dayes
govern'd Perfia) lives here and thirty Immorall Chyrons, who by a grant
of
L 1 B. 2
187
Larry-foon. Ryna.
Mount-Taurus.
of Zertooft (the fire-bringer) are to abide here till Doomſday, and if any
fteale in by chance, they likewife may become immortall. No doubt, but
Abbas attempted it. Here alfo,upon Quequits high hill are fome reliques of
the furious Gyanteffe Lamafaque, and of Arneeft her husband, a Gyant of
monftrous ſhape and proportion: I have forgotten how many ſcore of
cubits hee was high, but arm'd hee was (if you will beleeve the Perfians)
with two hornes as big as the tusks of an Elephant; his eyes were terrible
big, his taile like to a Cows, but in fight as powerfull as was that club of
Hercules: This great theife and his wife were both ſlaine by Saint Ham-fha
Honcoir fuch another fouldier as was Saint Romayn at Rohan. But leaving
theſe ignes fatui, let mee draw your eyes to our enfuing journeys: After
many laborious ſteps wee got to a Village called Ryna,twelve miles fhort
of Damoan; where wee beheld a Caftle, fo built upon the beft advantages
of Art and Nature, that it feemes impregnable : above, it wants no ground
fitted for eaſe and warre, ſweet gardens fild with fruits and flowers, made
happy in a rivolet of pure water fpringing there, and thence delightful-
lyftreaming in many oblique meanders into the bottome.
In this place, five and twenty yeere ago, lived one Meleck Bahaman, Late coqueft
who like a fecond Pluto commanded many hills and dales in Gelack and of Mont-
Taurus ; a King, albeit confined to the middle region,moft commonly for- Taurus.
ced with great coft and care to uphold his dignity againft Tartar and Per-
fian his great and quarrelsome neighbours: yet fuch was his good fortune,
policy, valour, and mutuall love twixt him and his fubjects, that though
often invaded, he ftood fecure, yea, lived to heare the ruine of many, his
late enemies; his only aime tending to preferve what his predeceffors had
juſtly made him heyre unto, and that his gray hayres might go in peace to
an eternall dormitory. Thus thought Bahaman, and added his endeavors
to compleat his thoughts. But Abbas the ambitious Perfian, returning
from the conqueft of Mozendram (forcing shalley-mirza fonne of King Ab
della-cawn to become his pentioner) looks up upon Taurus which ſeemed
to threaten his undaunted heart, and vowes to bee no longer bearded by
that mountanous King,taking his Motto out of Tacitus,id æquius quod va-
lidius; charging him alfo that from his lofty dwelling hee peered into his
two Kingdomes Medya and Mozendram, by that advantage ranfacking his
Townes,, robbing his Carravans, illuring his wormes, anticipating his
progreffe to the Caspian Sea,and diverting many rivers into other fources;
which ſpringing upon Taurus, ftream'd gallantly into Hyrcania & Shervan,
without whoſe felicitating, thofe Provinces became barren and barbarous.
Meleck Bahaman readily anfwers Abbas, and finds his drift, comparing
him to that fable of the Wolfe who drinking at the ſpring-head,quarrelled
with the filly Lambe for troubling his draught by quenching his flagrant
thirſt at the ſtream below, Whiles Abbas in an impatient delay refolves
to try the chance of war, appointing Methiculibeg with an army of Coo-
fel-baſhawes to perfect his defignes, and not to defcend thence without
victory.
It could not be fo fecretly intended, but aged Bahaman has intelligence
of his immediate purpoſes. At firſt it troubled him, in that his gray haires
were more propenfe to eaſe than tumult. Yet, left his fubjects from his
:
Bb 2
example
1
•
}
188 Monnt.Taurus. K. Meleck Bahaman and his LIB. 2
{
example might be difcouraged, he throwes away his dull thoughts, and as
a common father provides for fafety, in armes and victualls furnishing his
large Cittadell for many yeares fiege, yea, omitting nothing that might in-
title him a carefull and expert Souldier. In each defenfive place he plants
a Garriſon, and makes every part naked and comfortleffe where the Ene-
mie might march, that in nothing he might be advantagious to the Perfian.
That done, he mews himselfe, his Queene,two fonnes, and ten thouſand
able men in his defended Caſtle, not fearing any thing they could attempt
against him. The Perfian generall with thirty thousand men mount up-
wards and at their first ascent, find the way fo tedious, made more dange-
rous by many difmall fhowres of Darts and ftones thundering on them,
that they grumbled at fuch ftratagems, and would needs tumble downe
againe, till Methiculibeg by many promiſes of reward, and expofing his
owne head in the front of danger drew them up,and after fome petty skir-
miſhes, incampt himfelfe before this Caftle; where he was told, the King
and victory was included. When they had long viewd this inacceffible
fortreffe,they halfe difpaired of fubduing it. Such was the height of that
Caſtle, and fuch the perpendicular afcent, two excellent defences Art and
Nature had inricht it with. Some Attempts he made,invalidable; to ſhoot
their Arrowes at it, was one with aymiug at the Moone. Small fhott they
had and many Lances, but of ſmall force to batter rocks; ſo that after ma-
ny tedious bravadoes (wherein the Perfian had ſtones for payment) the
Generall, finding force not valuable, turnes Matchiavillian." He fummonş
them above to parlee with him; which granted,he affaults them with ma-
ny proteftations of truce and friendship. And that hee might the better
fhadow truth, preſents the aged King with choiſe Tulipants, Shamfheers,
Pearles, and other guilded baits, meane enough to angle for a Kingdome,
intreating him to defcend and taſte a banquet : folemnly fwearing by Mor-
tus Ally, the head of Shaw Abbas, by Paradiſe, by eight tranſparent Orbs,
and other panym atteftations,that he ſhould have royall quarter, come and
goe as pleafed him; no other reafon inducing his invitation, than a hearty
good will bee bore him, and hopes of agreement upon parlee. The peace-
full King, unuſed to deceit and warres rotten ftratagems, fwallowee the
tempting hook, and is credulous they had no perfidy. His wife and fonnes
diffwade, adding fresh examples of their hypocrifie. But neither thofe nor
the teares his men fhed to beg his ftay, vowing their conftancie to the laſt
man,could divert his deftiny: but downe he goes and findes the Crocodile
below ready to embrace him with teares of joy: but after a fhort banquet,
gives him an iron bed; regarding neither vow, honour, nor ingagement.
Babaman too late repents his dorage. The Pagan Generall thinks all his
owne now, and therefore fends his fonne a meffage of intreaty upon a
Speares point, that if they wifht their fathers fafety, an end of warre,truce
with Abbas, and new Grandeur to their fortunes, they ſhould come down;
all which by obftinacie would be forfeited and denied them, yea prove a
bafis of perpetuall trouble, and a common monumentall fhame unto po-
fterity.
Nature, enrichesman with reafon; Time, with knowledge and expe-
rience. Hence, the two gallant youths,regardleffe of the rodomantadoes
of
LIB. 2 two ſonnes besieged and flain. Mount-Taurus.
of the faftidious Pagan, commix diſcretion and pollicy, throw downe this
choking anſwer, They would beleeve hee was an honeft man and condif-
cend to any reafon, fo the King might have his liberty to come up againe ;
otherwiſe he might count them Ideots, the villany and perjury to their fa-
ther being fo fresh amongft them: from equall reafon, they might de-
mand the Caftle and Crowne, as them by whom thofe things fubfifted;
other fatisfaction they would not give fo vile a mifcreant, this excepted,
That the King of Perfta's ill-grounded ambition would never profper; that
though of long time he had politely avoyded the Epithite of a Tyrant, this
would rub afreſh his former injuftice, yea anatomize him fo clearely, that
all Afje would account him odious: that all the world might tax him of
diſhonourable avarice, who commanding over many fruitfull Provinces,
could not reft contented, without fubjugating a Nation never wronging
him; a King whofe Ante-ceffors had for more ages govern'd Larry-Iohn,
than Izmails pofterity had done Perfia; a Country fo cold and barren,
that of more than Title he could not any way better himſelfe: an unholy
oftentation.
Sua retinere privata Domus, de alienis certare regia laus eft, fayes Taci-
tus; private men do well to think their owne enough, great ones think all
too little for their ambition. Abbas muſt not be circumfcrib'd, the General
remembers it. So that retorting him this lawleffe title, Ius mihi objectas,
accinco gladio? without more plea; invites them, from their confoli-
dated cloud, to view their Fathers head off: they refolutely bid him do as
pleaſed him, and to call to minde, murther is inexpiable in their Alcoran.
Methiculibeg has torne his foxes skin with overftreching it, feeing this de-
vice prove ayre,& knows no way now to blow them up,himfelfe is fo fine-
ly undermined. But giving his rage a vent,in heat of fury he againe afſaul-
ted them, they retaliate his hate with fuch dexterity that many Cooſel-
baſhes expir'd their laſt, and ſo many others were bruis'd,that they begun
a common mutiny, protefting to returne whiles it was poffible, upbray-
ding the Generall, that he knew not how to use a victory, that Bahaman
was theirs, Mount Taurus theirs, and doubted not, but they would do ho-
if the Shaw would fo honour him, that with more credit and gaine
mage
they could oppoſe the Turk or Indyan. The Generall is plung'd into a
deadly Dylemma. If he could infufe patience and make them ftay, hee
knew not how to mount the Caftle; if he returned without full conqueft,
he knew his head ſhould off; Ferrat camn, Oliverdi-cawn, Kurchichp-cawn,
and other brave Captaines for like faults, being that yeere beheaded. Hee
machinates at length another triall; he releaſes Bahaman, upon his knees
befeeches pardon: vowing he us'd this feeming difcourtefie, but to try his
excellent temper; that his leave to go back was granted him, either to go
or ſtay as pleaſed him; that Abbas his Mafter had fent for him, and that
he ſhould depart more joyfully, could be but be fo happy to fee his fons,
whom for valour and policy he admired above all mortall creatures, that
if
any Articles and Truce might reciprocally bee figned to, oh! what
content it would affoord,and fetter him in a thouſand ſlaviſh ingagements.
Bahaman, is overjoyed at this Syren, never did mufick to his dull cares
found more melodioufly; fome Magick fpell fure had infatuated him; he
beleeves
189
190 Mount-Taurus.
LIB. 2
High peak of Damoan.
beleeves the Perfian, and gives a Sardonick ſmile to think how bleft hee
was in this attonement: he dictates a pathetick letter, and is permitted to
fhew his joy at a diſtance to his fonnes. A nefarious meffenger delivers it
and bewitches the well-nigh diftracted Princes with fuch pifcaſhes and pre-
ſents of worth, that accepting them, and joying at the eafie Articles, they
confult and (fearing to irritate fo Potent a neighbour to further mifchiefe,
the Queene alfo provoking them dowue, contrary to the foldiers who
prefag'd by many fubmiffive difwafions their ruine) downe they go, rely-
ing on the perfidy of the Generall, who founds for joy, and carries them
to their endeared Father, twixt whom was fhewed love and obedience
in the height of both; the Generall preſents them a folemne banquet,
but death attended them. For when theſe three were bleffing their good
deſtiny, fmiling in a mutuall confent of love, the Generall gives the figne,
and at one inftant three Cooſel-baſhes ſtanding by, with their flicing Se-
miters whipt off their heads, all three at one moment made immortall;
and ere this villany was fpread abroad, by vertue of their feales, they made
the men above defcend and yeeld the Caſtle,fome receiving mercy, fome
deſtruction. By that detefted policy yoaking in flavery, this late thought
indomitable Nation, fuch was the miferable end of Meleq' Bahaman and
two hopefull Princes, forgetfull of warres fubtleties: and how Aladeule
their neighbour King of Anti-Taurus for playing faft and looſe with Selim
firft Emperour of Turqs, by equall credulity gave a like iffue to his life
and Kingdome. Oppofit to this Caftle is érected the Sepulcher of Ba-
hamans beloved Queene, in the high-way as wee paffed: tis of foure equi-
lateralls, elevated eight yards high; the materiall is of ſtone, well fquar'd
and plaſter'd with white, very apparant and comely.
A long mile from this Sepulcher and higher up into the Aire,is the high
peak of Damoan (by Strabo in his 11. lib.call'd Iafonia,) whoſe top(fhaped
Like a Pyramid) furmounts all the other parts of Taurus; up which defa-
tigating hill we crambled with no fmall difficulty, and from whence wee
could diſcover the Cafpian Sea, eightfcore long miles diftant thence; 'tis
above compos'd of fulphur, which caufes it to fparkle each night.likeÆtna;
a pleaſant object to the eye, but is fo offenfive to the ſmell, that it requires
a nofegay of Garlick in the afcending; hence, moſt part of Perfia and
Chaldea has their brimftone: the reafon why we rode up was out of curi-
ofity, to fee the baths fo generally reforted to, fo excellently famous.
Three are incircled with ftrong ftone-walls and two are open. The firft
are for thoſe of quality, the other in common: and hither in Auguft, peo-
ple flock apace from remote parts, decrepit and diſeaſed in mighty mul-
titudes
How are we toft by Fortune? when we keep
At Sea, we ſee the wonders of the deep,
And tremble at the danger, where we dive
Under the hideous waves. When we arrive
On land, we think us happy; But ere long
We muſt to work againe and climb the ſtrong
And craggy Mountains reaching up to Heaven,
Each down-caft look is death, each way uneven
Dants
LIB. 2
191
Damoan.
Mount-Taurus.
Nova.
1
M
Dants our thick-panting hearts; left if we miſſe
One ſtep, we head-long fall the precipiffe.
The top (like fierce Vefuvius) Sulphur fpits;
The mid-way wholfome Baths, which cure all fits
Of agues, aches, palfie, and the ſtone,
All epileptick fumes; as if alone
Nature had choſe this place, to plant in theſe
The Art of Galen and Hypocrates.
Now, whether this hill take denomination from Damoan, five farfangs
thence, or the Towne from it I cannot argue; but from the fignification
a Second plantation, the Jewes have a Cabala that Noahs Ark refted here;
not only from the fuper-eminency of the bill, but Vines and Zone fitting a
feminary better than any part of the Armenian mountains. Befides,this
hill where Taurus rifes up higher than elſewhere, is part of Paropamifa,
& where Becanus places the Ark,denying that Ararat isin Armenia,though
Hayton to make it be beleeved,calls it Aremnoë. But how improbable fo ere
that be, this feemes more congruous; that at this Towne of Damoan and
mountaines about it, the Idolatrous Tribes removed by Salmanaſſer, were
here feated; thoſe eſpecially of Dan, Zebulon, Afur, and Nepthaly; the
other of Ruben, Gad, and halfe Manaſſes, by Tiglath Pillefar about Lar,
Iaarown, and other parts of Chufiften. For albeit Ptolomy makes Gozand
(in his 6. lib. 18. chap.) a branch of Oxus, in above 40 degrees: and at Ha-
ra, and Hala, and Ghabor Cities of Medya, neare the river Gozan facred
ftory faies they were placed by the Affyrian; it cannot be that Gozan mixes
with Oxes, fince no part of Medya is within three hundred miles of it.
Gozan then is in Medya; and feeing that Araxis waters Armenia from Ara-
rat, and runnes into the Weft fide of the Caſpian ſea; this river here of a
great bredth ftreaming from Taurus both into Medya and Hyrcania (cut in
many ſmall rivolets by the people to draw her many wayes) muft needs
be Gozan, and the Jewes inhabiting here for many ages confirme my con-
jecture, faying alſo that they were brought hither captives, and here have
refted during many overtures and changes of the Perfian Monarchy.
Eaft of Damoans high peak is a Towne call'd Neve, in it a hundred fami-
lies. A young man (fonne to Hodge-Snare the Perfian Merchant that dyed
in London, Anno Domini 1625, and brother to Mahomet, whom we buried
at fea) hearing of our paffing by, accompanied with all his loving kindred,
came to invite us to his home; he was apparelled in a long robe of cloth
of gold, his head was wreath'd with a huge Shafh or Tulipant of filk and
gold, he beſtowed a banquet and hearty welcome, with an invitation of
longer time: but after mutuall thanks and ceremony, we return'd a long
farewell, and thence haftned towards Damoan: where, as wee defcended a
ſteep hill, wee paſt by a large black Tent, ftuft with above thirty antick
women,& as many men; I thought they had been folemnizing their Tau-
rilia and Boalia, but it prov'd a wedding; the bride was of ten yeeres, the
groome of thirty; fhe a Venus, he a Vulcan: many bride-maids came out
to admire at us, wee ftaid awhile no leffe wondring at them: their faces,
hands, and feet were painted in divers formes of birds, beafts, caftles, and
flowers, refembling our predeceffors in Brittaine in Cafars time;
their
legges
Noahs Arks
192
LIB. 2
Media.
Damoan. Bomabeem.
leggs were chain'd with voluntarie fetters of braffe and filver, which in
their Morifco Paftorall made them appeare more excellent in that ſport
than any deſcription of the Arcadian Sheepheardeffes; wee gave them a
a fmall offering and ſo left them, that night making Damoan our Manzeil
or Lodging.
Damoan, (whether the relict of Ghabor or Halah is incertaine; but by
the Jewes (in theſe parts call'd Iehuds) their long captivity and abode here,
feemes to be one of them) is a Town well known unto the Perfians; fome
write it Damawan, buc erroneouſly. The North Pole is elevated at this
place, fix and thirty degrees, twenty minutes; longitude 88. It is ia-
cluded by the skirt of Taurus, in the Kaboncharion Province (part of Ghe-
lack) and the limit of Medya, North; a Towne pretty well watered, a
branch of Gozan refreſhes her: peopled moft part with Jewes, who in
this place are two hundred Families: The Buzzar is built aloft, and ſcarce
worth the climbing to, except it be to buy wine and fruit, which is had
here in plenty and at eafie prices. Two dayes wee itay'din Domoan to re-
creat our wearied bodies; on the thirteenth of June we departed thence,
and that day rode to Bomaheem, five and twenty miles from Damoan.
And now we are in Medya, a word of her; it takes name either from Me-
deus fonne to Iafon and Medea, th'infortunate daughter of King Aeta; or
from Madai third fonne of Iaphet fonne of Noah: on the North it has
mount Taurus ; has Parthia South; confin'd by Bactria to the Eaft; Weſt
by Armenia and Affyria. Media was anciently divided into two (as Trogus,
Adephins, Strabo, and others witneffe,) Atropatia, (Tropatana in Ptolomy,
Atropatena in Pling, from Atropatus one of Alexanders men) and Azarka
or Sheervan i. e. milky Plain.
At this day tis fub-divided into Gheylan (Gheyla in Ptolomy, Caddufia in
Pliny) Deylan, Vaaz-pracan, and Thezican, thoſe are Atropatia ; in which
we might include part of Armenia. Sheirvan has Ader bayon, Harran, Sul-
tavia, and Tabriztan. A rich and puiffant Country it was in the worlds In-
fancie; but whether by the confuming hand of warre or Gods juftice, in
revenge of ſo many holy Chriftians Chozroë maffacred, I cannot fay; this
I can, that it is a barren and miferable foile, compared with the Phoenix
of Iles great Brittain, who in her felfe exceeds the beft compacted plea-
fures of theſe Afiatique Provinces. It has beene fruitfull you may fay, if
Pope Pius the ſecond had good information out of Strabo. lib. 11. an Hip-
pobotos or horfe pafture here nouriſhing fiftie thouſand breeders; but
little graffe is to be found at this day over moſt part of the Perfian Monar-
chy; as you may ſee,if you pleaſe to journey thither. But in ftead of them,
as many Camells abound here in fandie Defarts, and crop the boughes of
trees or ſhrubs fuch as they meet with: a beaft,albeit generally known,yet
may have a ſmall memoriall. The Dromodarie and it are of one defcent,
but varie according to the Countrie they breed in: in Bactria (where of
old were reckoned a thouſand Cities) and Perfiathey have but one gib or
bunch, the Arabian is doubled. The males in one moneth every yeare
burne with too much heat,and grow foaming frantick towards copulation,
yet in that diſtraction cannot be brought to commit inceft, nor will they
goe any whither without their confort: the females are not fo cholerick;
they
LIB. 2
193
Tyroan.
Media.
they couple backward, goe great ten moneths, commonly have but one
young one at one birth, which they fuckle two yeares apart from compa-
nie, not loofing their milk till a fecond conception: They live threefcore
yeares,labour much,feed little,refraine drink three dayes, but then quench
their thirſt immeaſurably: their milk is cordiall,their fleſh ranck and lean,
yet in Afia preferr'd before Beefe, Veale, Pork, in that Mahomet's Alcaron
or Ozmon's Parady, licentiats it.
This Kingdome was firſt conquered by Semeramys; ſome fay by her
fimple husband Nynus, Anno mundi 1900. Ninus was ſonne of Belus (dei-
fied by names of Bel,Baal,and Iupiter Babylonicus;) fonne of Nymrod (call'd
Mars by fome,by others Saturne) fixt fonne of Cush, Chams eldeſt fonne,the
curſed brat of Noah: or thus, Noah had (kam, father of Cush (begot fome
ſay in the Ark) father of Nymred who begat Baladan, father to Berodac pre-
deceffour to Nabuchadnezar, father of Evel-Merodach,father of Belshazzer,
who (as Daniel fore-told) was the laft of that Affyrian pedegree, Darius
Medus fupplanting him, Anno M. 3426. by fome call'd Cyaxares fecundus,
whofe daughter and heire was married to Cyrus the Fortunate, who by
flaughter of Aftiages became fole Monarch of Perfia. Since when, it has
groaned under twenty changes, but wee will not ſpeak them here; for by
this time we are hous'd in Tyroam.
TYROAN, by her continued greatneffe and Antiquity feemes to be that
Rhazunda, mentioned by Strabo and Ptolomy. It is feated in the midft of
a faire large Plain; which albeit it be invironed with hills of ftupendious
height in moſt parts at good diſtance, yet ſome wayes it affoords a delicate
Horizon. The ayre here is freſh and fweet in the morning and towards
Sunſet, but in the Sunnes perpendicular glances, wee found it hot and ra-
ging: the houſes are of white bricks, hardned in the Sunne; above three
thouſand houſes are numbred in Tyroan; of which,the Dukes & Buzzar are
the faireft and moft obfervable; yet neither fo excellent as to beget won-
der: the Market is divided, fome part thereof is open and fome arched:
a fweet rivolet playes wantonly in two ftreames through the Towne, fer-
tilitating the Groves and Gardens, who for fuch a favour returne a thank
full Tribute to the Gardiner: adjoyning the Citie, the King has a fpatious
Garden, fuccin& with a great Towring wall of mud, as much in circuit as
is the Citie: The houſe wherein we lodged overtopped all the other,and
from whoſe higheſt Tarraffe (early one morne) I tooke a dainty profpect
both of Towne and Country; every houfe top was fpread with Carpets,
whereon each night flept the Mafter of the houſe and his Seralio; fome
(Ieafily perceived) had three, fome fix women about them, wrapt in lin-
nen; the curiofity (or rafhneffe rather) might have coft me deerely, the
penalty being no leffe than to fhoot an Arrow into his braines that dares
to doe it. The Carravans lodge here, exceeds the Mofque; the men in
this Towne are proud, the women lovely, both are curious in novelties;
but the jealoufie of the men confines the temper of the weaker fexes; yet
by that little they adventured at, we might fee, Vetitis rebus glifcit volun-
tm. One Zenal-chan is the Sultan of this Citie, a man of no worth in our
opinion:he had been Ambaffador from Shaw-Abbas to Rodulph the fecond,
German Emperour; but his late imployment, his favour with Abbas, his
CG
wealth,
194
LIB. 2
Media.
Taurys.
t
wealth, his vexation for Nogdi-beg his Cozen; made him ſo proud, fo dif
courteous, that albeit the Ambaffadour fent to vifit him, hee return'd no
thanks, he took no notice of his being there. The pole Artick is elevated
in Tyroan, thirty five degrees, forty minutes: fourefcore in longitude.
From Tyroan we rode to a Village call'd Charah, a baſe inhospitable place;
it affoorded us no fuftenance, but torment, ſo much as the ſcalding fands
and frying Sunne could operate, as in too great meaſure we had experi-
ence of: From hence to Taurys is two dayes riding. The Carravans-raw is
thus ſhaped.
Carravans-ram.
TAVRYS, the late Median Metropolis takes name from that prodigious
mountaine Taurus, under which tis builded. The Turk and Perfe call it.
Taberyz, in the worlds adolefcencie 'twas known by other names ;of Ack
metha as I read in Ezra; after that, of Ecbatana ſpoken of in the Apocrypha
of Amatha alſo as Corteftan; and Cordina,others have called her; by ana
logie fome have placed her in Syria, from a Citie Egbatan, converted into
Epiphania, by Antiochus. The primier founder of this noble Citie is Ar-
phaxad
LIB. 2
195
Taurys.
Media.
5
phaxad as we find in Iudiths Hiftory: Anno Domini 3290.fome fay Dejoces,
prediceffor to that valiant Phraortes, who flourisht in the yeare of the
world 3300, the fixt Dynaft of Medya after Arbaces, who begun it from
Adam 3146. It was agrandiz'd (not built,as Pliny dreamt of) by Seluchus,
300 yeares after; who at that time begun to build Selencja 200 pharfangs
thence, to eclipſe the pride of mighty Babylon. Such time as thee was cal-
led Ecbaton, the was farre greater than at this prefent. It was fifteene Ita-
lian miles about (fayes Strabo.) The walls were ftrong and ftately, ſeventy
cubits high and fifty broad, beautified with many loftie Turrets and battle-
ments : within, were numbred many great and excellent Pallaces; that
which Daniel built (the Mausoleum afterwards of the Median Kings) was
moſt magnificent, and which remained undemoliſht in Iofephus his time,
and fome whiles after: That, built by Darius was no leffe memorable:
moſt part whereof was of Cedar wood, the roofe ftudded and plaited with
burnifht gold; of both which nothing now remaines fave memory and
afhes. I can hardly fay memorie, fince it is become a queftion whether
Tauryz be old Ecbatan; and whether it be in Media or no. If to be,under
Barouta, (Diodorus, Polybius, and Ptolemy call it Orontes,) if to be in 36 de-
grees 50 minutes, ifto have the ruines of Tobyas his grave, if to be the bu-
riall place of Kings, if to be the Metropolis time out of mind, if to be the
Citie from Ierufalem N. E. foure hundred forfangs can make it Ecbatan;
or if the authority of Ananias, Petrus de la valle, Leunclavius, Teixera, and
of Ortelius will ſerve, let it then be Ecbatan and in Medya. Ptolomy's con-
ceit of Tahryz (miſtaken in the Tau,a Gamma printed erroniouſly for it) to
be in Affyria, by Cedrenus in Armenia, by Chalcondyles in Perfia, by Niger in
Perf-Armenia, or by Paulus Venetus in Parthya; what were thefe con-
jectures but from the Monarchique Arch-Titles, as Affyrian, Armenian, or
Parthyen as they ſwayed then; and chiefly from the miſtake, how Armenia
is devided; part of Armenia major extending South of Araxis into Atro-
patia, a part of Medya; and from whence the name Perf-Armenia is com-
pounded: for by Abulfeda, Vlughbeg, and others, the latitude of Taurys
complies with Ecbatan.
•
At this day Tahryz is great, and well peopled: traded to from farre, al-
beit it keepes a Garrifon. It is compaft with a mud wall, five miles about:
the houſes are flat a top: their materiall Sunne-dried Bricks: the Buzzar
large, the Gardens lovely: that to the South-Eaft planted by King Tamas
was famous, but the Turks horfes have lately grazed there. It wants wa-
ter in the greateft meaſure, yet of that is not wholy deftitute. What it
Jacks in that, fire and flame fupplies it; the Sunne, warres rage, and civilf
broyles having more than fufficiently parched her. To paffe by the mu-
tations of the Empire, the Turks firft paffage fix hundred yeares fince,
Tamberlayns rage and the like, remember we thoſe two deadly factions the
Envicaydarlai and Namidhai for three hundred yeares perfecuting one ano-
ther with implacable wrath, drawing into their quarrell nine other Pro-
vinces, who grew fo hatefull amongſt themſelves, that not only this Citie
but Medya & Armenia were therby half depopulated:the Gibelyns norRo-
fes outmatched them. They made an eafie entrance to any invader. Selymi
the grand Signieur firft efpies it, and to become an eye-fore to Tamas fonne
Cc +
of
1
196
LIB. 2
Media. Sangurrabaut.
Cazbyn.
1
of Izmael their inveterate Adverſarie, ſends a Bafhaw who ranfackt it
Anno Dom 1514. Heg.894. without much refiftance. And Anno 1530. Soly-
man feconded it with fo much furie, that it flam'd many dayes, the infa-
tiate Turks pillaging without mercie, and turning topfie-turvie all they
met with, and into a Chaos thofe elaborat walks and gardens Sham-Tah-
mas fo much gloried in. It reviv'd againe, and againe is made proftrate to
Ebrahim Baſſa's luxurie, fent by Solyman at the villanous inftigation of Vle-
mus a Perfian Traytor, and brother in law to the King. At which time An-
no 1534.Heg.914. the greedie Turks new ranfackt it. Bat Anno Dom.1585.
Heg. 965. it groaned under moſt affliction, when Ozman the wrathfull
Baffa and flave to Amurat the third,fubdued it, and perpetrated all forts of
hoſtile crueltie: till thirtie yeares after, by that incomparable Pagan
Prince Empr-hamze-myrza elder brother to Shaw Abbas it was regained,
rebuilt and fortified against the future infolence of thoſe Barbarians. Tau
rys is diftant from Cazhyn leven dayes eafie journey; from the Mare Cafpis
um as many; from Araz fix; from Derbent eight, from Spahawn feven-
teene, from Shyraz thirty, from Ormus fifty, and from Babylon thirty.
Next night we made our Manzeill at Sangurrabaut, a Town confifting
of an hundred Cottages. In this place we buried a civill Gentleman, Mr.
Welflit our comrade, under a broad fpreading Chenoar tree, and fixt a
brazen ſcrole over him, which ſpoke his Name and Nation.
Mors tua non careat fletu; linquamus amicis
Mærorem ut celebrent funera cum lachrymis
We have deplor'd thy death: thinfuing yeares
Thy kin shall pay thee Tribute with their teares.
Next night we ſlept in the open fields under a befpangled Canopie the
Firmament, and next in Shaw-De,i.e. the Kings Towne,his Purgatorie ra-
ther; if a confpiracie of looſe & fcalding fand, the burning Sun, and filthie
Cottages can make one: the houſes there, differ nothing in ſhape nor
clofeneffe from Ovens; the people all day bake themſelves in them; a
people fo difcourteous, that our miferie nothing afflicted them; from that
hatefull Towne we hafted, and next night got into Casbyn.
CAZBYN, (or Kazvyn after the lifp of Perfia) is that fame City
known to the ancient Topo-graphers by name of Arfacia, from Arfaces the
valiant Perſian Anno Mundi 3720. from whom the enfuing Kings were
ftil'd Arfacido; two hundred and fifty yeeres before the th'incarnation of
our Savior Chrift: and is accounted the firft that made Medya an Empire,in
defpight of proud Selenchus fon to the great Monarch of Syria, Antiochas
firnamed Theos. By command of Nycanor it was afterwards call'd Euro-
pus,
and loft that name too when it bended under the next conqueft. It
is likely this was that Rages (a City in Medya as appeares in Tobit) whither
the Angell went from Ecbatan to receive the ten Talents (of our money
two thousand pounds) Tobias was to have from Gabael fonne to Gabrias his
kinfman. I am not ignorant, that fome imagine Ediffa in Mefopotamia to
be it; but that is moſt unlikely, for then what bufineffe had they from
Ninivy to go to Ecbatan (in the way no doubt, or not farre deviat to Rages)
a contrary way leading to Ediſſa twixt Tigris and Euphrates: befides, it
is faid in the Apocrypha, that Rages was in Medya, Ediſſa is not; and no
part
LIB.2
197
Cazbyn.
Media.
part of Medya is néerer than a thouſand miles from the holy City, but
Ediſſa not five hundred. Whence the word Cazbyn is fetcht I could not
learne; I fuppofe from (owz van i.e.a vale of barley; as Sheir- van a plain of
milke, &c. or from King Cazvan as they call Acembeg the Armenian; or
that it is the relict of Casbira, an old City in Strabo placed here: for if I
fhould deduce it from Chazbi as the 70 Interpreters tranflate it in Ge#.38.
s.it would relifh of too much antiquity. The fignification of Exile is un-
known by interpretation or occafion to the inhabitants, except the broa-
cher of that conceit had recourſe to the idiom of the old Parthians. The
North pole is in this famous City elevated 36 deg. and 15 min. long. 85
degrees 30 minutes: by King Tamas (ſonne of Ifmael) made the Metro-
lis of this Monarchy, the better to affront the intruding Ottomans; the
Kingdome it ſtands in, is Medya ; the Province Sheirvan, that part call'd
Deylan: from Tabryz a hundred and eighty miles; from Hamadan (the
-fepulture of Queen Efter & Mordecay) a hundred & ten; from Sultany (the
refidence of fix Sultans) ninety; from Ardavyl (the Seigniory of the Aba-
fians) eighty; from Gheylan feventy; from Farabant two hundred;from Sa
marchand five hundred; from Ormus eight hundred; from Babilon five
hundred; from Ierufalem a thouſand; from Spahawn two hundred and fe-
venty;from Shyraz foure hundred and ninety; from Kandahar five hundred
and fifty miles English, or thereupon.
It is at this day for multitude of buildings and inhabitants the chiefe in
Medya, and equall for other grandeur to any other City in the Perfian Em-
pire, Spawhawn excepted. It is feated in a faire even plaine, no hill of
note in thirty miles compaffe overlooking her; a champaigne yeelding
graine and grapes, but little wood faw I growing any where. It has a
Imall ftreame flowing from Abonda (Baronta of old) which gives the
thirſty drink; and mellowes the gardens: from whence by its refreſhment
and the peoples induftry, they have abundance of fruits and roots and in
varieties. I think the reaſon why wee faw no great rivers in any place, is
from their forcing it into many fluces, to bring it by fubterranian paffa-
ges, to fuch Townes as have none but by derivative, in fo much, that if
Indus, Euphrates, and Ganges were amongst them (I meane where the
Country is moſt peopled) doubtleffe they would make them kiffe the fea
to five hundred oftiums or branches. Such fruits as I remember, were
Grapes, Orenges, Lymes, Lemons, Pomcytrons, Musk and water Mel-
lons, Plums, Cherryes, Peaches, Apricocks, Figgs, Gooſeberries. Peares,
Apples, Piſtachoes, Filberds, Hafel-Nuts, Wallnuts, Almonds, and ex-
cellent Pomgranads, Dates, but fuch as came from Lariftan. Casbyn is
circled with a complementall wall, of no force in any adverfity; the com.
paffe is about 7 miles, the families are twenty thousand, people about two
hundred thouſand, nouriſht by the Ayre, and a few roots and rice, fuch
dyet as beft complies with fuch torrid regions. The Buzzers here are large
and pleaſant, but inferiour to fome about her. The Mydan is uniform and
beautifull, the Kings Pallace and Haram are nigh the great Market, low,
of raw-bricks, varniſht after the notion of Paynim painting, in blew,red,
and yellow tinctures,commixt with Arabiq knots & letters, azure & gold;
the windowes areſpatious, trellized and neatly carved; within, of ufuall
fplendor
X
198
LIB. 2
Medya.
Cazbyn.
fplendor; neere his gate, is a great Tanck or Magazyn of water made at
the common charge at our being here. The Hummums (or fweatingpla
ces) are many, refplendent in the azure pargetting and tyling wherewith
they are ceruleated; the vulgar buildings content the inhabitants, but to
a buſie eye yeeld ſmall wonder or amazement :the gardens are beſt co
view and (mell to,but compared with thofe in Spahawn and shyraz,prove
but ordinary and leffe fruitfull. The Mofq's, or fuperftitious houſes, are
not two thirds fo many as Iohn of Perfia computed long ago, above fix
hundred. Nor thoſe fo faftidious in Pyramidall afpirings, nor curious in
Architecture, por infide glory as in many leffer Towns obeying Mahomet.
I cannot inlarge her praiſes, fave that in Spring and Autumne Ibeleeve it
may be a temperate and inticing climat : but Sommer and Winter are ex
treame in contraries; Apollo frying them with his oblique flaming glan-
ces, and Hyems no leffe benumming them with his icycles.
Here we met the Por-ſhaw again, who got into Cesbyn two dayes aforę
us. At which time, forty Cammells entred loaden with Tobacco out of
Indya, the owners and drivers being ignorant that any fuch prohibition had
gone out, to forbid the ufing it; (the King fometimes commanding and
reftrayning three or foure times every yeere, to fhew his Monarchic
power, and as the humor taketh him,) an ill fpirit directed them, for
Mamet-Ally-beg the pernicious Favorite (wanting his piſcaſh it feemes, ex-
afperates Abbas, and he forth with payes the men unwelcome wages.com-
manding an Officer to crop off their eares, and to benofe them; offering
to his angry Juſtice, the forty Cammells burthen of Tutoon or Tobacco,
by making a great deep hole the pipe, which being inflam'd, in a black va-
por gave the Citizens gratis two whole dayes and nights infernall incenfe.
Let me give you ſomewhat to memorife Cashyn, wherein have been acted
many Tragick ſcenes, in their times very terrible.
Mahomet the purblind King of Perfia and Syre to Shaw-Abbas, of him-
felfe was peaceable and mercifull, but could reft never the quieter for
fuch a temper. Morad the third, and fonne to Selym that arch-Atheist,
and Emperour of Turg's (who call'd himselfe God of the Earth,and com
mander of the whole World) fquinted ftill upon the Eafterne Monarchs,
and found none a greater eye-fore and rub to his conqueſts than Mahomet
and Perfia: many attempts he made to fubject it, but of no force, the hap-
py influence of deftiny fo fafeguarded it, Nature it felfe laboured to op
pugne that rebell of Nature.
1.
But let us firft look back to fee what ftormes were rais'd, what incanta❤
tions ingendred, ere he could make the tottering Dyadem fit cloſe;Tamas-
Shaw (fonne to Ifmael-Sophy the Jewes reputed Meffias, till by the juft
hand of God, they found him crueller than Titus) by a Georgian Lady
(they are the rarest in the Orient) had twelve fonnes, Mahomet, Ifmael,
Aydar-cawn, Solyman, Emangoly, Mamut.Ally, Mustapha, Ally-cawn, Amet-
cawn,Ebrahym, Hamzë, and Izma-cawn; the daughters are feldom reckned,
yet one of them a Virago, Periacon-Conna by name plaid her part, and
rather than do as other women, fpin or bee impriſoned, fhee chofe to
practice Armes, and to revive the infamy, yea in every thing to imitate
Semyramis. King Temes was scarce dead (haftned fome thinke before
his
LIB. 2
Medya.
Cazbyn.
199
his time) when Ayder his third fonne took advantage of his brethrens ab-
fence: Mahomet he jeered at, as unworthy the crowne by reaſon of his
imperfection; hee could not fee to fight, to difcerne, to governe. Ifmael
was abroad upon fome imployment,and therefore Periacon-Conna encou-
raging, he graſpt the Scepter and impald his browes with his Fathers Di-
adem, his brothers right, his owne confufion: for he had not swayed full
foure dayes,when sahamel cawn (his infinuating Uncle) moſt audatioufly
ftruck off the crowne, and (to adde prefumption) made the loffe of his
head fatisfie his too hafty ambition. Zenall-cawn his friend grumbles at
it, but had not power to queftion him. Periacon-Conna finding her ingage-
ment paft to Ayder, fhewes her felfe a right woman in her conftancy: for
without any revenge of Ayders death or forrowing to his grave, fhe tranf-
fers her love to Ifmael, who by her foot-poft has notice of his brothers
ill-end and favour of the Sultans towards him. Ambition lends him wings,
fo that he quickly arrives at Casbyn, and by men of note is joyfully welcom
ed, by the monster multitude faluted King. His confcience accufes him
of intrufion, but checks him not to make fuch a conftruction as Law and
Nature required from him: he refolves to rule, and to cut off fuch rubbs
as made the way unfafe to mount upon : his brothers had no title to it, (I
meane, none but Mahomet) yet the name affrights him: 8 innocent Prin-
ces were flaine to quench his infernall inflammation, regarding neither
grace, his Fathers foule, the perfume of that name, the name of Tyrant,
juftice,nor the peoples mutability,who by that cruelty begun to hate him,
and to with the right heyre in his lawfull royalties. Mahomet alſo begins
to ftirre, if not for the crowne, at leaſt to free himselfe from his brothers
blood-thirſtineffe; but he no fooner practis'd to bee active, when the peo-
ple ground their loyalty and affection on him, and in great troopes flock
about him, vowing to have him King in Casbyn, or in the attemp to facri-
fice themſelves. Whiles Ifmael growes odious to God and Man: for, fee-
ing the vulgar fort and others fall away, in a high contempt of them, and
to ruine all, he confederates with the Turq,intending to betray the honor
of his crowne, and to fhade himselfe under their greatneffe; yea to vex
his owne, and to ingratiate the Turks the more, apoftatizes, proclaiming
the error of the Perfian reformation, crying out that Ally was no body,
compared to Mahomets three fucceffors, and the like frantick impoftures;
which how fubtlely fo ere hee cloakt, his tricks deceived him; for one
night (a difmall night to him) his fifter weather cock and foure inraged
Sultans, Chalyle, Emyr, Mohammed, and Carchy-came entred his bed-cham-
ber in womens apparell, where Ifmael thinking to coole his laſcivious ap-
petite, was by thofe Amazons ftrangled in a cord of filke, foming out his
infected fpirit, unable to refift the fury of thofe confpirators, and difheart-
ned when hee ſaw his fifter one of them. Gasbyn was clouded with fhame
and amazement, but cleares up when Mahomet enters circled with the ré-
fulgent Diadem. Periacon-conne dreames not of an account : but Maho-
met,acquainted with her turbulent and variable nature, commands Salmas-
mirzato arreft her with the axe of death, which accordingly hee executes,
and fends her Gorgons head, the hayre difhevelling upon a ſpeares poynt
as a ſymboll of his obedience unto the King: her complices upon the ter-
four
200
LIB. 2
Media.
5
Cazbyn.
rour of this,pofting for their lives into Georgia, fome unto Babylon.
Ecce, patrem Nati perimunt, Narofque parentes Thus,children flay their Syres,parents their brood,
Armd brethren brethen wound in deadly fewd.
Mutuaque armati coëunt in vulnera fratres.
1
Amurath the Grand-feignior heares by vftref-beg (an Armenian Tray-
tor) of Izmaels cataſtrophe; in whofe revenge (he fo colour'd it, to make
Mahomet neglected) he forages the Perfian Territores, ordering Mustapha
the Baſhaw with a hundred thousand men to perpetrate their utmoſt rage,
which he greedily obeyes,till Sultan Tokomac the Perfian Generall affronts
him face to face, and examines him with fuch fury in the Calderan plains
(famous for many memorable conflicts) that Mustapha is forced thence
in defpight of his bravadoes, a fhamed that 20000 could not only ban-
dy but beat downe his Army, confifting of five times his number. Six and
thirty thouſand Turks there breath'd their laſt, and eight thouſand Perfi-
ans, Anno Domini 1578. Heg. 958, of whofe heads the bragging Turk
made a Bulwark, thinking it would bee a ſcar-crow to the Perfian; who
retaliated them in a more terrible meaſure that yeere, by the valour of
Arez-beg and Emanculy-cawn; thirty thouſand other Turks parting with
their heads (as they paft the conac in Hyrcania) to erect a higher Trophy
to their victory; praying Mustapha and his Mafter to come no more unfent
for, left they gave them fuch another harsh welcome : wondring they had
fo foone forgot,the famous overthrow King Tamas gave Solyman and Ebra
him-baffa, three and forty yeeres fince, by a handfull of Coofel-bafhaes
(and the affiftance of a divine hand) fcattering as wind does clouds, three
hundred and fourefcore thouſand men. Mustapha gives his reply in a grim
look, wishing hee could do more than hee was able. But Mahomet is not
yet fecure, for the Tattars (allyed to the Turk) in revenge upon Mofen-
dram, violate and commit all kinds of rage and turpitude, hoping when
they had joynd with ofman-baffa (left by Mustapha) to over-runne all Me-
dya without oppofall: but they reckned without their hoft, for Arez beg
with ten thouſand gallant Perfians furpriſe the Tattars with fuch hafte and
dexterity, that they routed a great part of the Army, and had return'd
crown'd with a moft happy conqueft,had not Abdel-chery the Generall us'd
a ftratagem, who with fome felected companies entring upon the backs of
the halfe tyred Perfians,by great clamours made them beleeve Ofman was
come; and by that,turn'd the fortune of the day, eclips'd by that interpofi-
tion, and made to dy there in an honourable conqueft, the cheife Captain
Arezbeg, unhorft, impriſoned, and at sumachy moſt baſely hang'd, to give
the terrified Tattars freſh incouragement.
Sumachy or shamaky (as fome call it) has North latitude 39 degrees: a
frontier Town it is, Medya, Armenia, and Hyrcania, parting there; it was
founded by Shamuc-Zeddaule An, Dom. 990. Heg. 370. and from whom
peradventure it was named. It has foure thouſand families, the houſes are
low & little gracefull;feated in a pleaſant plain or valley,tothe Notth and
Weft, allowing a delightfull profpe&t. Anno Domini 1566. Heg. 946. her
laft Native King Obdolom cawn dyed, and his fonne Syrvan-Shaw was for-
ced to inroll himfelfe a Tributary to Shaw-Abbas. In this Towne is a
Tower of heads rais'd by the infolent Turq's, fuch as is in Spahawn, and
which
LIB. 2
Derbent.
201
which the old knave Mustapha made be erected. But to returne.
Mahomet Codobanda has quick newes of the ſhamefull death Arez-beg
had fuffred: He forrowes for the loffe of fo brave a man, is fick of revenge,
and intreats his couragious fonne Emyr-Hamzè-Mirza, (the wonder of his
time) to recompenée that villany; who moft cheerefully with twelve
thousand men hafts out of Casbyn, and in nineteene dayes preſents his men
in the face of Abdulchery and his Tattars, flashing fuch pannique feare
amongſt them, that after two houres fight hee rowts his Armie, and with
much ſhame and loffe forces them away to feek more ſhelter: that done,
he enters Erez, and maffacres the Turkiſh Garriſons: Caytas the Baffa.hee
made to imitate Arezbeg in the grizely play of Death; he recovered alfo
two hundred peeces of Artillery, thofe very fame, his Grandfire Tamas
had loft to the grand Signieur, Solyman: he ftayes not there, but hearing
where the Tartars had re-incampt, with his ſpeedy Army he re-encounters
them, & cut moſt of them in peeces,whereby the birds of the ayre might
more eaſily prey upon their carcaffes. Abdulchery (by fortune of warre)
was unhorft by the gallant Prince, and fent captive to Eres where the Be-
gun or Queene mother lay: during which, Ofman and his Turks enter Su-
machy without refiftance, but the Perfian Prince hafts thither, and with
fuch furie, that amazed Ofman takes th'advantage of the night, and ſtole
away, leaving Sumachy to the Princes mercy; who for her perfidy made a
fire of her houſes, and feem'd to quench it with blood of the Inhabitants.
Returning back to Erez, he forces his Mother and the youthfull Tartar to
follow him to Casbyn, where he was received with Epiciniaes and fongs of
joy and triumph. Ofman in the interim fculks in Derbent, whither we will
take the paines to follow him.
DERBENT is a ſtrong and famous Port Town upon the Cafpian fea,
viewing from her loftie Tarraffes the Armenian and Hyrcan Territories,
Ararat and the fea : knowne to our predeceffors by many names, as Alex-
andria (from the great Macedonian, who built many Townes, and gave
them his name,) Morcofa, Demyrcapi, and now Derbent; memorable in
her beft paffage from Armenia major, Medja,&c. into Mofendram, Gheylan,
Shervan,Tartary,&c. it is removed one hundred and twenty miles from
Sumachy,from Bildih 180. it elevates the North Pole one and forty de-
grees, fifteene minutes; and admits three miles compaffe and better: is
circled with a ſtrong, high and uſefull ftone wall: the houſes,Hummums,
and Churches are but meanly beautifull; fuch rage, the Prince Emir-
Hamze fhewed here Anno 1568. Heg. 948. fuch time as he unkenneld with
fmoke and flame Ofman Baffe and his Turkiſh varlets; and made the Inha-
bitants feele the temper of his biting fword,the houſes the fire of his wrath,
an object of his juftice, of their levity and rebelИon.
*
In Derbent, the ftrong Caftle Kaftow is moft obfervable, pleaſant and
every way advantagious: that wall alfo which runnes thence to Tephlys in
Georgia, built by Alexander the great (upon like occafion Offa drew his
ditch to terminate the valiant Brittans) call'd alſo Caucafia vel Iberia
porto, is one of the wonders of Afia; but at this day moath-eaten by iron
tooth'd Time and warres inconfiderate furie : returne againe.
Abdul-chery and the Queen-mother by this are fo linkt in Cupyds chains,
Dd
that
202
LIB. 2
Media.
Cazbyn.
that the Tattar finds himſelfe double fettered: but after much parlee and
fight they tooke truce and grew fo co-united, that the Sultans in Casbyn
took notice of it; but neither regarding her Majeftie nor his youth, forget-
ting alfo that the King intended to make him his fonne in law ( no difho-
nour, being the great Cams brother; all thefe negle&ted, they broke in, at
fuch an unluckie time as they were acting fome inchastity; a fight fo odi-
ous to the jealous Sultans, that they firft made him an Eunuch, and after
that flew them both; concluding fo, Anno Heg.958. the end and tryumphs
of the Præcopenfian Tartar.
After fome ſtay in Cazbeen, our Ambaffador to fwiften his diſpatch, vi-
fited the Load-ſtarre of Perfia, the grand Favorite Mahomet Ally-beg; who
entertain'd him with a loftie look, and wifht him to truft his fecrets to his
Cabinet, wherein the myfteries of the whole ftate was lockt, the King
fhewing himselfe unwilling to be further troubled. The Ambaſſadour
might in any other place than Perfia have return'd him the Lye; but per-
ceiving no remedy, and defiring to hafte home, imparted fo much as hee
faw neceffarie. Touching Sir Robert Sherley, hee was to expect no other
fatisfaction; his enemie was dead, and at the Cafpian fea the King had fuffi-
ciently honoured him : but to ſpeak truly, the Pot-fhaugh had then no af
fection to him, when by reafon of his age hee was difabled to doe him fur-
ther ſervice; adding (but out of an Enemies mouth) that all his Ambaffies
and meffages to the Princes of Chriftendome were frivolous and counter-
feit: But when our Ambaffadour objected, he was in perfon there to jufti-
fie his authority,that he had the Kings Letter of credence to teftific, fign'd
and ſtampt by the shaugh himfelfe; and that it had beehe a ridiculous pre-
fumption in Sherley to have dared to conteft with abbas to his face, if hee
had beene an Impoftor; the Favorite had not wherewith to anſwer,
fave
that fo our Ambaffador pleas'd to lend him that Phirman Sir Robert Sherley
had brought in his defence, hee would returne it him next day, with his
Maſters fpeach concerning it.
A vexation it muſt needs be to my Lord Ambaffadour, to treat in this
uncivill fort by a malicious proxy: neceffitie forced it. Three dayes paffed,
ere Mahomet-Ally-beg would vouchfafe to returne the Letter, or give that
fatisfaction he had promiſed; at length he came and told the Ambaſſadour
that the King had lookt upon it, had denied it to be his, and in a great rage
had burnt it; wiſhing Sir Robert Sherley would depart his Kingdome, be
caufe (old, and as hee thought) troublefom. It was in vaine to chalenge
the pragmatique Pagan in point of honour, nor knew he any recourfe by
juſtice to eafe himſelfe. We all were verily perfwaded, he never fhew'd
it to the King, nor had any way enquired of him concerning it. The truth
is, he had beene brib'd, but by whom,is unneceffarie to speak of, it may be
wee did but conjecture it; yet no doubt, Abbas was hereby too much de-
famed; his juſtice, and diſcretion, and courage would have proceeded
otherwife befides, his proteftation againſt Nogdibeg (as wee have
noted) and Ebrahym Chan his fonne, not daring to fhew himſelfe in
Courc, till Sgnall Chan mediated his peace, nor that he, but his Father
had offended) made it as apparant as the Sunne, that there was jugling:
the truth is, Sir Robert Sherley's old age and diſability to ſerve the Perfian,
:
made
L 1 B. 2
Sir Robert Sherley's death.
203
made them fleight and caſhier his penfion; even then when hee moft ex-
pected thanks and other acknowledgements. But, fuch is the weak na-
ture of man, eſpecially when they truft too much upon worldly Princes
or any arme of fleſh, that God is angry: for thereby we rely too ftrongly
upon fecondarie helps, and contemne in fome fort, Gods gracious provi
dence: hence came thofe difcontents, nay that arrow of Death that arre
fted him; the 13 of July (and in leffe than a fortnight after our entring
Cafbyn) he gave this miferable & fickle world an ultimum vale in his great
clymacterick: and (wanting a fitter place of buriall) we intombed him un<
der the threshold of his owne houſe in this Citie, without much ceremo-
nie. Hee was brother to two active Gentlemen Sir Anthony and Sir Tho
mas Sherleys: a family not needing hyperboles. Hee was the greatest tra-
veller in his time, and no man had eaten more falt than he, none had more
relifht the mutabilities of Fortune. He had a heart as free as any man: his
patience was more Philofophicall than his Intellect,having fmall acquain-
tance with the Mufes: many Cities he faw, many hills climb'd over, and
tafted of many ſeverall waters; yet Athens, Parnaffus, Hippocrene were
ftrangers to him, his Notion prompted him to other imployments: hee
had tafted of fundry Princes favours: by Rodulph the fecond hee was
created a Palatine of the Empire; and by Pope Paul. 3. an Earle of the fa-
cred Pallace of Lateran; from whom he had power to legitimate the In-
dians; and from the Perfian Monarch had enricht himselfe by many me-
riting fervices: but obtained leaft (as Scipio, Cafar, Bellifarius,&c.) when he
beſt deſerved, and moft expected it. Ranck mee with thoſe that honour
him: and in that he wants the guilded trophees and hyeroglyphicks of ho
nour to illuftrate his wretched Sepulchre (his vertue can out-brave thofe
bubbles of vanitie, Facta ducis vivunt: and till fme will doe it better) ac-
cept this vltima amoris expreffio, from him, who ſo long traveld with him,
that ſo much honour'd him.
After land-ſweats, and many a storme by Sea,
This hillock aged Sherleys reft must be.
He well had view'd Armes, men, and fashions ftrange
In divers Lands. Defire ſo makes us range.
But turning courſe, whilst th Persian Tyrant he
With well dispatched charge, hop'd glad would be;
See Fortunes fcorn! under this Doore he lyes,
Who living, had no place to reft his eyes. (twine,
With what fad thoughts, mans mind long hopes doe
Learn by anothers loſſe, but not by thine.
Poft exant latos terræq; marifq; labores,
Parvula Sherleyum nunc tenet urna ſenem)
Arma,viros,habitus,diverfas nomine gentes
Contemplans, placuit fic novitatis Amor.
Deinde retro relegens curfu mädata Tyranno
Vndiq; Perfarum,dum placitura refert.
Ludibrium fati ! tegitur fub limine recti,
-Viventi nullus cui modo limes erat.
Quam deplorandis fpes longas inchoat aufis
Mens hominum; exemplo fed fine difce tuo,
Nor can it feeme impertinent, if I add fomwhat to the deſerving Memo-
rie of his Wife, that thrice worthy and undaunted Lady, Terefia; to this
day conftant to our company. The Country fhee firft drew breath in, is
Cyrcafhia, that which Pomp. Mela called Sargacia; upon Palus Mæotis (ad-
joyning Georgia)& 'twixt the black and Cafpian feas. Her birth was Chrifti-
an; her degree Noble : by accident fhe was mewd in the Haram of Perfie,
(10000 more he never fees:) was of no kin to the King,but by his benevo
Dd2
lence
ཧ
204
LIB. 2
Media.
Death of the two English.
{
lence beſtowed on this man fhe ſo long liv'd with, the ſo much cheriſhed.
At what time her beloved Lord lay dead, and the halfe dead through à
long diffentery, to comfort her (after the faſhion of Perfia) one Iohn a
Dutch man, a Jew, a Painter; regarding neither her fex, her faith, ber
melancholly; complots with Mamet-Ally-beg to undoe her, by pretending
a deepe engagement her husband was in to one Crole a Flemmin,& (know
ing hee was dead) bad her ask him if it were not true; if hee denied it, it
ſhould be forfeited. She might have pay'd them by like Sophiftry, that if
he would affirme it, fhe would pay it them. But, they hafte to the Cawfee
or Juftice to attach her goods, and a faithfull honeft Gentleman of our
company has quick notice of it, Mr. Robert Hedges by name, who haftens
to her houſe and perfwades her to make quick conveyance: at which, the
amazed Lady tears the Sattin quilt fhe lay upon, and with her feeble hands
fhewes that pathetique vertue a ftronger could not well have bettered,
and taking thence a Cabinet, fome Jewells and rich Jems, intreats that
worthy Gentleman to fafegard them, till the danger was gone: he readily
obeyes, and is no fooner out of doores, when Iob the Boor enters with
fupercilious looks, attended by fome Pagan Sergeants, who (without
much talk to her, or pitty to her diftreffe) rifled about, broke-ope her
Chefts, and carried away what was valuable or vendible; fome rich Vefts,
coftly Tarbants, and a Dagger of great price; but finding no Jewells (fuch
they had ſeene him weare, and the Oeftrich Feather alfo, which they had
wooried in their Oſtrich appetite) they grew madded with fhame, and
made her Horſes, Camells, and Affes beare them company, not caring if
the Lady ftarved. The Gentleman, fo foone as the skie was cleare, re-
turn'd, and befides his words of comfort, gladded her heart in delivering
her her Jewels againe, of double value by that conqueft: without which
good hap, I am perfwaded her other fortune reacht not to fifty pound: a
fmall revenue for fo brave a Lady; and eſpecially uſefull is money in thofe
uncharitable Regions, where women are made flaves to libidinous Pa
gans: but God provided better for her, and (beyond our expectation)
has placed her in Rome, where I heare ſhee now moft happily enjoyes
her felfe.
Like diſcontents, long conflict with flames of Adverſity,and foureteene
dayes confuming of a deadly flux (it may be eating too much fruit,or fuck-
ing in too much chil ayre on Taurus caufed i) brought that religious Gen-
tleman Sir Dodmore Cotton the Ambaffador, in the vigour of his age, to an
immortall home: the 23 of July (14 dayes after Sir Sobert Sherley)he bad us
Adien; our duty commanding us to fee him buried in the beft fort wee
could. A dormitory we obtained in Cazbyn amongſt the Armenian graves,
who alſo with their Priefts affifted the holy ceremonie: his horſe (which
was led before) had a black velvet Saddle on his back: his Coffin wee co-
vered with a crimſon fatten quilt (black they account not of) lyned with
purple Taffata; upon the horſe were lay'd, his Bible, Sword, and Hatt:
Mr.Hedges, Mr. Stodoart, Mr.Emmery, Mr.Molam, Dick th'Interpreter,and
fuch others of his followers as were healthy, attended the Corps;& Doctor
Goch a reverent Gentleman, buried him: where hee refts peaceably till
the refurrection: And, although his fingular vertue and memorie cannot
perish
LIB.2
205
Ambaſſadors in Cazbyn.
Media.
periſh (evehit ad Æthera virtus) yet I wish with all my heart, hee had a
Monument; fome more eminent memoriall. He was I affure you, vivum
omnis virtutis exemplar; and I wish I could better expreffe my love, than
by decking his herfe with this impolifht Epicædium.
Lo! Noble Cotton far from home bath found
A refting place in the Affyrian ground.
His countries Love, his Duty to his King
So far, a willing heart from home did bring.
Harden thy tenderneſſe; no danger feare:
The way to heaven alike is every where.
En procul a patriis fitus eft Cottonius oris,
Anglus in Affyria contmulatus humo.
prcftitit hæc Patriæ, juffifque potentibus almi
Principis, obfequiis officiofus amor.
Excute mollitiem, quicunque peticula lentus
Caufaris, Cœlo par fit ubique via.
Wee have fmall joy to ſtay here any longer : three Ambaffadors wee
have buried and though the Pot-fhaugh feeme to pitty us (for as an
affurance of hiskind refpect, he fent each of us, two long coats or vefts of
cloth of gold) yet, hee may call himſelfe a miferable man that hangs his
welfare upon the ſmiles of Perfia. We are ready to be gone, but cannot
go till Mahomet-Ally-beg blow us away; and we danc'd long attendance ere
he would give us a Phirman for our fafe travell,and that Letter we defired
from the Perfian King to our moft gracious Soveraign. At length we got
It, wrapt up in a peece of cloth of gold, faftned with a filken ftring, and
fealed with a ſtamp of Arabic letters, after the mode of Afia.
Our Phirman or Pasport of ſafety, fealed with a
ſtamp of letters in Inck, take thus interpreted.
T
Hebigh and mighty Starre, whofe Head is covered with the
Sunne; whofe Motion is comparable to the highest Fyrma-
ment; whofe Imperiall Majefty is come from Alharaph,and
bath dispatched the Lord Ambasador of the English King, &c.
The Command of the great King is this; That his Followers bee con
ducted from our Pallace of Casbyn to Saway, and by the Daraguod
of Saway to the City of Coom, and by the Sultan of Coom to the
City of Calhan, &c. Through all my Territories, faile not my com-
mand. I alſo command them a fafe and peaceable travell.
From Casbyn
Auguft.
An. Dom. 1618.
Asfendermed-maw.
Hegira. 1008.
PO T-SHAVV ABBAS.
So, after thirty dayes ftay in Cazbyn, about the midft of July wee de-
parted. But ere we go farre, let us bid farewell to Mahomet-Ally-beg our
fmall
206
LIB. 2
Duke of Shyraz and bis fon bebeaded.
fmall friend; and according to his worth let others know him. His birth-
place is Parthia (from Parah to fructifie,) his Almuten was calculated,
the afpe&ts found happy; If from a Coftermonger to bee next the King
may be call'd happy: and in him the matchavillyan motto was approved,a
dram of good fortune is better than a pound of vertue. In that happy
minute of all minutes, Abbas by accident caft his eye upon him; a magick
infufion it had it feemes, for from the Apple-basket, he is roab'd in gold,
and quickly made the Magnet of Perfia; his yeerely revenue at our bes
ing there, I heard by many men eftimated a hundred and forty thoufand
pounds fterlin: and well may bee, not any Mirza, Cawn,Sultan, nor Beg-
Terbeg that depended upon the Pot-fhaughs fmiles, but in an awfull com-
plement, made him their Anchor by fome annuall pifcath, bribe, or other:
his prefence was very comly, and taking; of a ſweet countenance, made
amiable by many complementall fmiles: hee is of a big full body; large
eyes and nofe; and huge muftachoes: was at this time aged forty, a third
part of which hee had beene Fortunes minion. But no fooner was old
Abbas by bold death ftruck from the helme of Perfia; and young Soffy his
Grand-fonne made the royall Stear-man, but his fupercilious glances grew
humbled, yea, his dazeling fplendor (eclipft in the fetting of his Mafter)
becomes quickly darkned: his late pride and avarice heaped all mens con-
tempt upon him, in fo much as none now but dares to brand him with
becoming Epethites; yea, his eftate fo vaft that it threatned to preffe him
to eternal cofufion. Of all others, the Shyrazian Dynaft darted him frowns
of death; but (non femper feriet, quodcunq; minabitur arcus) a black miſt of
unexpected deftruction fuming from young Soffees browes (of the right
pedegree) fends poore Emangoly to an untimely grave, and the Beglerbeg
his gallant fonne to beare him company : neither to be defcended of loyall
and Princely Syres; to have Abbas his oath of fafety; to be Protector of
Perfia during the nonage of the Infant King; to have famoufed the crown
by many heroick fervices ; nor to bee Emangol-rawn, could repell the
deadly fhaft of jealofie: but in the Meridian of his courfe and glory, in
the extreame of his hopes, and when fo long a farewell was leaft thought
on; hee and his are hewed downe; prophefied of by that Satyric Poet.
Ad generum Cereris fine cade & vulnere pauci difcendunt Tyranni, his
great pride, his infamous cruelty at Ormus and Arabia, crying out for
juſtice againſt him. Whiles Mahomet-Ally- beg ſhakes off his raggs of dif
content, and a freſh ingratiates himselfe, at this day moving in a fphcare of
content and pureft mettall. A word of Shangh-Abbas alfo.
Abbas the Perfian Emperour, was of low ftature, (a Gyant in policy)
his afpect quick, his eyes fmall and flaming, and without any palpebra
or hayre over them: he had a low forehead; a high and hawked noſe; a
fharp chin; and after the mode of Perfia, beardleffe; his muftachoes were
exceeding long, and thick, and turned downwards. He was born in the
yeere of Mahomet 938, King of Hery 50 yeeres, Emperour of Perfia &c
43; dyed aged 70; in the yeere of our accompt 1628, of their Era
1008,in Caxbeen. His heart, his bowells, his carcaffe, were parted and bu-
ried in Ally-Mofched (neere Cufa,) in Cazbyn, in Ardaveel, at Coom fome
fay, few know the certainty.
his
LIB. 2
207
Sha-Abbas.
Media.
Abbas King of
Persia
The Eafterne Monarchs at this day continue the cuftome of their an-
tient prediceffors; who from time to time delighted more in Epethites
of vertue, than in any Titles of Kingdomes or Provinces. They accoun-
ted it an effeminate vain-glory to ftuffe their letters, or when they fent
their Ambaffadors abroad to forraine Potentates to guild their greatneffe
by accumulation of Names: and in which refpect, the German Emperor
got little in that late Letter he fent to Abbas, the beginning of which was
To fild with Titles and members of his Empire, that after hee had heard
halfea dozen of them read, he had no patience to ſtay the reading of the
reft, but departed in anger ;as finding thofe no way materiall to his bu-
fineffe. Inftead of them, theſe Perfian Kings, and other great ones of Afia,
exceed (with no leffe prolixity) in adorning their Letters and diſpatches
with hyperboles of their refemblance to the Sunne; their affinity to the
Stars
208
LIB. 2
Titles of the King of Perfia.
Stars: and with the fweeteft and rareft of fruits, flowers, gems, &c. As alfo
of wife, famous, fweet, victorious, mercifull, juft, beautifull, couragious,
&c. Howbeit, the Titles of the Perfian Monarch may be thefe:
1 Pharfy, 2 Arac, 3 Sher.
van,4 Sableſtan, s Canda
hor, 6 Tochariftan, 7 E-
rey, 8 Zagathai, Mozen-
dram, 10 Turqueftan, 11
Syrgian, 12 Phargan, 13
Thalecan, 14 Maurenahar,
15 Kalfiſtan, 16 Sigiſtan,
az, 19 Kyrman, 20 La-
riftan, 21 Syndè, 22 Ar-
mufia, 23 Lan, 24 laziry,
25 Chufiftan, 26 Ajaman,
27 Diarbeck, 28 Gorge,
29 Asmeny, 30 Karkafh,
31 Vafpracan, 32 Aramnoh,
33 Adozar, 34 Towrachow,
35 Iarvall, 36 Deriob-ko-
rafan, 37 Deriob-Farfees
38 Phrat, 39 Diglah, 40
17 Maqueron, 18 Iftigi-
Araff, 41 Syndè.
ABBAS Emperour or Pot-fhaw of 1 Perfia, 2 Par-
thia, 3 Media, 4 Bactria, 5 Ortiſpena, 6 Chorafan,
7 and Harya, King over the Ouzbeg & Tattar, 9 Hyr-
cania, 10 Draconia, 11 Evergeta, 12 Parmenia, 13
Hjdafpia, 14 Sogdiana, s Paropamifa, 16 Drangi-
ana, 17 Arac bofia, 18 Mergiana, 19 Carmania, 20
Gedrofia, & as far as the ftately river 21 Indus. Sul-
tan of 22 Ormus, 23 Chorra, 24 Arabia, 25 Sufiana,
26 Chaldea, 27 Mefopotamia, 28 Georgia, 29 Arme-
nia, 30 Iberia, 31 Mengrellia. Mirza or Prince of the
Imperious Mountains of 32 Ararat, 33 Taurus, 34
Caucafus, and 35 Periardo. Commander of all crea-
tures from the 36 Cafpian Sea, to the 37 Gulph of
Perfia: Lord of the foure rivers of Paradize, 38 Eu-
phrates, 39 Tigris, 40 Araxis and 41 Indus : Of true
difcent from King Mortis-Ally: Governour of all
Sultans, Emperour of Muffulmen; Bud of honour,
Myrrour of vertue, Rofe of delight, &c.
And although to the modeft reader a great deale of Oftentation may
appeare in theſe bluftering Titles and Epithites, yet will they feeme as
nothing if we paralell them with the Kings of old, and at this day in other
places. That of Cyras may be excus'd; recorded by Ezra. An Mun..3419.
The Lord God of Heaven, hath given me all the Kingdomes of the earth.
Domitian (like Pharaoh, proudly (coffing, who is the Lord?) in all his pro-
clamations begun thus: I am your Lord God Domitian, (the God of
Flyes:) Caligula wrote himfelfe, Deus opt. max. & Iupiter Latialis. If he
could have fatisfied his Atheiſm with the title of an earthly God or of love,
Menander and Tzetza had defended him, faying from Homer, Rex eft viva
Dei imago in terris, & Reges omnes olim vocarunt Ioves. Sapores fonne to
Mifdates the Perfian Monark, Anno Domini 315, began his letter to god-
ly Conftantius the Emperour in this fort (as is in lib. 17. Marcellini) I Sapo-
res, King of Kings, equall to the Starres, and brother to the Sunne and
Moone. Cozrhoes alfo (Ormifdaes fonne) in the yeere of grace 620the
firſt of the Mahomitan accompt) fcorning thofe of Deus terrhenus, or of
homo a Deo fecundus, blowes himfelfe up in this fwelling proem to Mari-
tius the unhappy Emperor: I chozroe! great King of Kings, Lord of Lords,
Ruler of Nations, Prince of peace, falvation of men; among gods, a
man good and ever; among men,a God moft glorious: the great Conque-
rour, arifing with the Sun, giving luftre to the night, a Heroe in difcent:
from which affected pride, the idolatrous flaves begun to worship him, and
to clamour out Tu es noftra falus, & in te credimus: and hence the Poet
to illuſtrate his Bees fings thus of them.
Preterea Regem non fic Egyptus & ingens
Lydia, nec populi Parthorum, aut Medus Hydafpes
Obfervant, &c.
Ægypt nor Lydia do their Kings obey
Nor Medes nor Parthians halfe so much as they.
From
L1B. 2
209
Titles of divers Kings.
From their Examples other Pagans in theſe our times arrogate no leffe
fupereminency in Titles. Solyman T' faccus (that wrathfull Turq', thus in-
tituled his wormfmeat) King of Kings (of flaves hee fhould fay) Lord of
Lords, moſt huge Emperour of Conft. and Trepiz. Ruler of Europe, Afriq,
and Afia: Commander of the Ocean (of a few rotten boats hee meant)
Conquerour of Affyria, drabia, &c. And Amurat his Grand-fon thus,
God of the Earth, Captaine of the Univerfe, moft facred Angell, Mohu-
mets beloved, &c. At length the home-bred Chyna cryes roaft-meat but
th'other day fending his filly Ambaffador to Abbas with a witty Epiftle,
thus directed, To his flave, the Sophy of Perfia, th'undanted Emperour
of the whole world (a well read man) fends greeting: Neither the Am-
baſſadors bragges that his Mafter had fix hundred great Cities, two thou-
fand wall'd Townes, a thouſand impregnable Caftles, fixty millions of
flaves, and a hundred and twenty thousand millions of crownes yeerely
revenue, could make his King admired, or priviledge himſelfe from durty
welcome, the haughty Perfian ſpurning him back againe, to affure his
Mafter they neither beleeved him to be The beauty of the whole Earth,
nor (as he alſo writes himſelfe) heyre apparant to the glorious Sun. His
next neighbour and he are at odds for Title, the Tattar I meane (vulgarly
the great Cham) a Cam indeed in his miſtaken genealogy: for forgetting
that his great Grandfyre Cingis Cham was a black.fmith, helproclaims him-
felfe Sun to the higheſt God,& quinteffence of the pureft fpirits : & thence
is ingendred that frantick cuftome of his, every day after dinner to have
his Herald by found of Trumpet, eccho out to all other Kings and Po-
tentates of the World, that hee has din'd, and they have leave to go to
dinner: a notable favour if they have not dyn'd before him: what think
you of the Peguan Monark, of him of Mattacala, and Manicongo, that
nouriſh ſo good a conceit of their radiant beauty and Majeſty, that Am-
baffadors and others are commanded (when they have bufineffe) to creep
like worms, and to hide their faces, and grovell on the ground,,left their
eyes bee forfeited in daring to gaze on fo much luftre: or of that brave
Monomotaphan, that feldome goes abroad or fhewes himselfe, in compaf-
fion to his people, left they ſhould bee ftruck blind in eying him, a cur-
taine reverberats the beames that iffue from his face of glory; they are
permitted to uſe their eares to admire his champs when he eats, and the
gulps when hee drinks, but they pay foundly for it, at every gulp and
cough (he coughs fometimes you think of purpoſe) they fhout for joy
and by continued clamours not only revive Stentor but make the whole
City ring againe. Alas good Prefter-Iohn (the Neguz they call him) often-
tation tickles thee; haft thou never read Saint Cyprian ad Quir. In nullo
gloriandum eft, nam noftrum nihil eft : for want of fuch helps thou deck'ſt
thy Myter with fifteene provinciall Titles, and that thou art the head of
the Church; the favorite of God, the pillar of Faith, iſſued from solo-
mon, David, Indah, and Abraham ;Syons prop, extract from the Virgins
hand, fonne of Saint Peter and Saint Paul by the fpirit, of Nahu by the
fleſh; in theſe more vagrant, than thy other reftleffe motions: and in vain
doft thou feclude thy felfe from view of man by a thin lawne, fince in thy
welling impoftumes thy Portrai& is diſcovered:a Canker ſpreading North
Ee
as far
210
LIB. 2
Media.
Saway.
Begun.
after the other way, to that other kind of Chriſtian, by name Inanowich
a tyrannick Muſcovite, whoſe Coronation Anno Domini 1584 was cele-
brated with wonderfull magnificence, befides his furrs loading himfelfe
with two and thirty bubbles of oftentation. Welfare Aurelius, Saladyn,
and Tamberlane, Heroes as great, as victorious, and as terrible to the world
as any of theſe monfters wee have named; who all their lives detefted
flattery, bluſht at their praiſes, and thought themſelves unworthy any fa-
ftidious Epethites, at their burialls cauſing their wynding-fheet to bee dif-
playd, as an Epitome of all they merited; and this a high and oft proclai-
med, Pulvis &Vmbre fumus, fumus, fuimus,&c.
We left Cazbyn at ten at night,therby avoyding Sol's too much warmth;
and at his firſt diſcovery from the Antipodes, got into Periſſophoon; aſmall
Towne, but memorable in the fweet coole water we had there to quench
our thirſt with; an Element more uſefull than fire,in Sun-burnt Afia. Our
next Manzeil was at Afaph, at Begun our next, obfervable in a royall Car-
vanf-raw or Hoſpitall of charity, erected at the coft and care of Tahamas
late King of Perfia: and did the water (too brackish and unhealthy there)
but correſpond with other delights, it might better merit commendation.
To Saway we got next night,a Towne both great and fruitfull; but that it
is the ruine of old Tygranecerta (as Bonacciolus gueffes at) I fhall never cre-
dit: that it was Meffabatha, or Artacana I more eafily beleeve it. The Pole
is here raiſed 35 degrees, 7 minutes; a City I may call it: It pleaſantly
upon a rifing hill gives ground to twelve hundred houſes, a ſweet rivolet
from Baronta refreſhing it; from which and the peoples induftry, the
thankfull earth retributes a Tribute in variety of choyce fruits, and grain,
as Wheat, Rice, Barley, Figs, Pomgranads, Olives, and Honey; the feven,
the promiſt land in the 8 Deut.8. is commended for: but whether it bee
the relict of Vologocerta built by Vologefes the Parthian I know not; I am
fure of this, no place I ever came in more delighted mee for Áëriall
mufick; of all the Quire the Nightingale twenty together (here call'd
Bulbulls) clayming the preheminence. And after fo much melancholy,
with Ovid let me chirp for company.
Scribere me voces avium Phylomela coëgit,
Quæ cantu cun&as exuperat volucres.
Dulcis amica veni! noctis folatia præftans,
Inter avcs etenim nulla tibi fimilis,
Tu phylomela potes vocum difcrimina mille,
Mille pot´s varios ipfa referre modos.
Nam quamvis aliæ volucres modulamina tentent,
Nulla poteft modulis æquivalere tuis,
Infuper eft avium fpatiis garrire diurnis,
Tu cantare fimul nocte dicque potes.
I must falute the curious Phylomel,
Which all the birds in finging doth excel.
Come pretty friend! my folace in the night,
In all the Grove I find no fuch delight.
A thouſand warbling Notes thy throat displayes,
Which thy sweet muſick chants as many wayes.
The vulgar birds may ftrive to equall thee,
Tet never can attaine like harmony.
Their mirth doth laſt no longer than the day,
But thine doth chaſe the filent night away.
Our next nights travell was over large plains, elevated in many parts
by artificiall mounts, cut into many trenches; fhewing many famous
ruines of paffed warres. Notable no doubt in many gallant skirmishes,
and most memorable in Lucullus his captivating Methridates that learned
King
L1B. 2
Memorable paſſages.
King of Pontus; but what that grand Epicure fortunatly got, Mare' Craf-
fus the most covetous and richeſt Roman loft, after his impious facriledge
ac Ierufalem, raviſhing thence the holy relicks, and ſo much treafure as
out-valued fix Tun of gold, puft up with fo much wealth, and his victories
amongſt the Jewes, refolves with his fifty thouſand men to forrage Perfia,
but Herodes (fonne of Methridat the third )couragioufly oppofes him,cuts
his Army in peeces, takes his baggage, and the avaritious Conful by spur-
nia the Generall is made his prifoner; and to glut his thirft (divine ven-
geance fo ordering) as Tomyris did to Cyrus, the Parth' ferv'd Craffus fo,
forcing him to quaffe a health to death, in pouring downe his throat mol-
ten gold, and by which Tryumph the Romans power was exterminate
in Parthia 53 yeeres before the birth of Chrift, yet, long the Romans
forrowed not, for Mark Antony five yeeres after by his Generall, affronted
them with better fucceffe: the Parthians fight nor flight at that time help
ed them, their Prince Pacorus by his death difaminating them: affrighted
in greater meaſure, when Phraortes (Mezentius, fome name the parricide)
depos'd the valiant Orodes from crowne and life, treafon (the Devills ver-
tue) perpetrating that, the Romans could not do by generous conflict.
Antony attempts revenge and conqueft; but adverfe luck made him thrive
in neither. Auguftus (in whofe reigne our bleffed Saviour became flesh,
and Ianus Temple was opened) did by treaty what his predeceffors could
not do by force; prevailing with Phraortes to vaile bonet to the Romans
Sparkling Dyadem. But 230 yeeres after, one Artaxerxes a native Per-
fian, and royally difcended, thakes off that loathed fervitude, not only
out-braving the Roman, but by a three dayes fight and victory over Arta-
banns revived the Perfian title and name, Parthia for above 500 yeeres
formerly monarchizing. Alexander Severus (from Iulius Cæfar the 24
Emperour) fucceeded Heliogabalus or Baßianus the luftfull, and receives
a pragmatick letter from the new King to re-deliver what antiently ador
ned the crowne of Perfia. It repugn'd the Roman Majefty, and there
upon marches to give an account, but in careleffe paffing over Euphrates,
is fo fuddenly charg'd by Artaxerxes, that hee is routed fhamefully; his
bad luck not ending there, for Maximinus the Thracian bereaved him of
his Empire, the German villaines of his life; his vertuous mother Mam-
maa (Origens profelite) affociating in his death, as thee had in glory for-
merly. Licinius Valerianus firnamed Colobus ; under-took to rule the Eme
pire; and took upon him to over-rule the rifing Perfian: but his big words,
nor great Army could not do what a Supream Judge had decreed other-
wife; for Sapores with an undaunted company denies him entrance, and
in the tryall the Romans were miferably defeated, and which was worſe,
Valerian himselfe is imprisoned, and to his dying day (to the aftonifhment
of all proud Tyrants) made a foot-ftoole for Sapores to tread upon,when-
foever he mounted: the Juftice of Almighty God herein was fingularly
manifeft,by compenfating the cruell Emperor in this odious fervitude,for
his intollerable pride and rigor against the innocent Chriftians,many thou-
fands of whom he'martyr'd, amongſt whom Saint Lawrence cruelly broy-
led upon a gridiron. But wee have wandred too farte in reviving the me-
mory of Parthia: by this wee are entred Coom, where we refreſht our
Ee 2
fcorched
212
LIB. 2
Parthia.
Coom.
I
fcorched and wearied bodies three dayes: In which time wee could not
chufe but gather fomething.
Coo M, (in the latitude of 34 degrees 40 minutes) is a City of good
note,in Parthia; placed in the mid-way 'twixt thoſe two royall Cities,
Cazbyn and Spawhawn. It is fcituate in an ample and faire fandy plain, and
yeelds every way an exact horizon. Coom,gives place to no other Towne
in Perfia for antiquity; the ruines appearing at this day, gaine fome be-
leife in the inhabitants, whofe common faying is, it was once compara-
ble to Babylon. She has varied into many feverall names: the firft I meet
with is Gauna, it may bee that which ſome call Guriana ; erroniouſly if ſo,
fince Guriana has 37 degrees; and (oom not 35. Arbata after that (from
Arbaces, who in the yeere after Adam 3146 tore afunder the Affyrian
Dyadem,by overture of that monfter Sardanapalus the thirty fixt Monarch
of the world from Ninus) but by Diodore and Ptolomy, Coama : And by her
latitude and antiquity, feemes to me to have beene Hecatompylon, rather
than Spawhawn, whofe old name was Afpa, and from which thee never
wholly varied; and at this day (the latitude fomewhat differing) chang-
ing no leffe in the ill prounciation of divers men; Coim fome call it, Kom
and Kome others: the people there name it Koom. A pleaſant, fruitfull,
and falubrious place it is, I can affure you : fhaken with no great winds,
clouded with no moift foggs, nor fo much parcht by flaming Sel, but can
finde coole refrigerating breezes breathing favourably each morne and
evening to refreſh it. In the Sunnes ambition it has excellent houfes to
lenifie his beams, and umbrellaes in their orchards to fhade and taſte their
delicious fruits in, in this City infinitly abounding, (owing their mellow-
ing to a sweet rivolet, that ftreams in a filver current from tke Coronian or
Acro-ceramnian hills,) and grapes alfo, good and in plenty; excellent
Pomgranads, Mellons of both kinds, Pomcytrons, Apricocks, Plums,
Peaches, Peares, Piſtachoes, Almonds, Apples, Quinces, Cherryes, Figs,
wall-Nuts, fmall-Nuts, Berryes, and the beſt Wheat-bread in Perfia, Gum-
bazellello excepted: the Peach or Mala Perfica is had here; a fruit and
leafe ſo much reſembling mans heart and tongue, that the Ægyptick Preifts
dedicated it unto their greateſt Goddeffe Ifis as the trueft Hyerogliphick
or fymbol of unfained affection. Coom has two thouſand houſes, moft of
them of more than common ftructure; well-built, well-form'd, well fur-
niſhed; the ſtreets are ſpatious, the Buzzar beautifull, the Mofque is fa-
mous; made venerable, and richly adorn'd by enfhrining the rotten car-
caffe of once amiable Fatyma, Mortif Ally's wife, and fole heyre to Ma-
homet the Prophet of all Moorish Muffulmen. The Temple is round, of
epirotiq' forme; the Tomb is rais'd three yards high, and covered with
velvit; the afcent is by three or foure fteps of refined filver.
Such time as Tamber lang the victorious Tattar (fo I may well ftile him,
fince in eight yeeres hee conquer'd more than the warlike Romans could
in eight hundred) returned loaden with ſpoyle and majeſtick triumph, ha-
ving hammered the brazen face of the Turkiſh bravery An. Dom. 1397,
Heg.777, this poore Coom parched (among many others) in the infuffe.
rable heat of his incenfed fury; not from any eye of rage or envie hee
darted at him, but from that fimple affront Hobaro-mirza (call'd allfo
B'heder_cawn)
LIB. 2
213
Cafhan.
Parthia.
B'heder-cawn) fpurr'd on by jealoufie, put upon the triumphant Tattar; a
complement ſo much mistaken, that loffe both of life and Crowne were
thereby forfeited,making many men & Towns concomitate his mifery; this
place ef ecially (which but for the Ardaveilyan Syet requefting mercie,
and for PF atyma's Sepulchre) had beene levell'd with the lowly earth,
ploughed up and falted: but in the fable weed the now is apparelled, ſhee
may figh with melancholy Statius.
Death is the common friend
!
to all: for what ere yet begun fhall end.
Quicquid habet Ortus finem timet, ibimus omnes
Ibimus.
From Coom we rode to Zenzen; and thence to Cafhan,a gallant Citle;from
Coom fix and thirty miles: the way was eaſie and plaine, but ſomewhat
fandie.
CASHAN, (where the Artique elevation is 34 degrees, 7 minutes:
longit. 86 deg.) is the fecond Towne in Parthya for all forts of praiſes;
Spawhawn is her Metropolis, whence thee is diftant North, fixty Engliſh
miles; and from Cazbyn South two hundred and ten, or there-abouts.
Whence the name derives it felfe, the illiterat Cafhanians could not tell;
wee must therefore ſearch the dim leaves of Time oblitterated by obli-
vion. I know not whether it be that old Ambrodax in many old Authors
famouſed; the poſition not name makes mee gueffe it. I once thought it
was Ctesiphon, the beſt ſeat of the Arfacida ; but I now perceive Ptolomy
ftates that Towne 'twixt Seleucia and Babylon: more probably it may be
that Tigranocerta recorded by Strabo in his chorography, than that Samay
is it,after Bonacciolus. The name Cafhan I imagine is borrowed either from
Cufhan,in the Syriack fignifying heat or blackneffe: or from Caffan-Mirza
fonne to Hocen fonne of Ally: or from Shaw-Cafhan (fonne to Axan begot
by Tangrolipix Anno Heg.582 of our account 1202,) fubjected by the great
Cham: or (which beft pleaſes me) from Vfan-Cafhan the Armenian (Acen
or Caffan-beg fome call him) who in the yeare of our Lord 1470, of Ma-
homets hegira or flight from Mecca 850, vanquiſht Malaoncres (call'd Ab-
dulla alfo) the laſt of Tamerlangs Progeny ruling Perfia.
Cafkan at this day, is a great and lovely Citie; well feated, well built,
well peopled: over-topt by no hill, unfeaſoned by no mariſhes, watered
by no great ſtreame; which augments the heat, chiefly when Solrefides
in Cancer: and which rages there in no leffe violence is Scorpio ; not that
in the Zodiack; but reall ftinging Scorpions, which in great numbers in-
gender here. It is a little Serpent (a finger long) but of great terror in
the fting, inflaming fuch they prick with their invenom'd Arrow fo highly
that fome die, none avoyd madneffe a whole day; and as it was faid of
another Vna eademq; manus fert vulnus opemq; fo to fuch as are ſtung by
Scorpions is no ſuch remedy as by the oyle of Scorpions to be cured.
The Serpent's head joyn'd to the wounded part,
Fitly is faid to heale th'infected smart.
Like Telaphus cur'd by Achilles dart.
Quæ nocuit ferpens, fertur caput illius apts
Vulneribus jungi,ſanat quæ fauciat ipfa,
Vt Lariffæa curatus Telaphu haſta.
adage and curfe, May a
And from hence growes that much us'd Perfian
Scorpion of Caban fting thee. But which is more remarkable, they fay it,
We
214
LIB. 2
Cafhan.
>
:
The Magi
of Perfia.
we found it true (fome of them creeping into our Ruggs as we flept) they
never hurt a ſtranger.
Caſhan is not leffe than Torkor Norwich, above foure thouſand families
are accounted in her: the houſes are fairely built, the streets be large and
comly; the Moſqus and Hummums are curiouſly painted and ceruleated,
with a feigned Turquoife: the Buzzar is fpatious and uniforme; furniſhed
with Silks, Damasks, rich Carpets, Sattens, and cloth of gold; no part of
the Perfian Monarchy fhewes better, or more variety, nor a people more
exactly induftrious. The gardens, and fruits, and corne, are by the ela-
berat Tymariots made to fructifie,and being cultivated retribute a gainfull
acknowledgement. The Carravans-raw in this Citie is an inimitable (if
not fo, an unparaleld) Arch Fabrick, by many degrees preceding all Car-
ravans-raws in Perfia; for this is able to lodge the Court of the greatest
Potentate in Afia: but built by Abbas for Travellers to repoſe in gratis,
to fhew the world hee joyed in fome act of charity: the whole building is
grounded with Marble, fix foot high; the refidue is brick arefied in the
Sunne, varniſht and coloured with knots and fancies of Arabick characters,
in azure, red, and white, in oyle,after the common mode of Perfia. It is a
perfect quadrant; each angle is from one another two hundred paces, the
whole eight hundred: in the umbelique or mid-part of this fpatious Court
is a quadrangular Tanck or Pond fill'd (by an Aquæ-duct) with chryftallin
water: this royall Inne, is alſo circum-volv'd with fuch fragrant and fpati-
ous gardens as rather exceed than want to diſplay the founders magnifi
cence: more, I have not to denotate, fave that many feverall conjectures,
by many ſeverall learned men and Antiquaries, have paffed, whence the
Magi or wife men came, that prefented our bleffed Saviour with their of
frings, and were without doubt the firft fruits, and called of the Gentiles:
and albeit call'd Magi (or deeply read in Nature) yet no queftion, they
were illuminated and wayted the accompliſhment of that Prophefie of
Balaam, in 24 Num. 17. There fhall come a Starre out of Iacob and a Scepter
fball rife out of Ifrael, and ſhall ſmite the corners of Moab and destroy the chil-
dren of Seth. They gathered,I fay,more from this of their Prophet than
any of their owne Aftrologie obfervations. That they were Gentiles is
apparant; that they came from the Eaft undeniable: but from what Citie
or Province, very difputable; though not very neceffary. The word Ma-
gus is moſt proper to Perfia; Perfia is Eaft from Bethlehem. And many are
opinion they came from hence or Shushan, where then flouriſht a famous
Academy. The people here have fuch a Tradition,that hence went thoſe
three wife men or Kings, which fome fay were intomb'd in Cullen: but
few are of this opinion: Some fay they came from Saba or Sheba in Sabea
or Arabia, fome from Ethiopia, South; deceiv'd in Cuſh, Æthiops, but first
in Araby. From Babylon ſome think they came; from shufhan fome fup-
poſe, from Ormus fome gueffe; as likely as it was Paradife. From Ceyloon,
from Tabropan, from any place, no matter where; fince the facred
men have beene filent in it. But if you pleaſe to truft a Frier, Frier Odoric
of Friuli by name, Cafhan was it. Yet I tie not my beliefe to fuch imper-
tinencies. Let me rather bufie my braines in queft of what a Magus was,
Lince Simon Magus made the name odious and Magicall; and under which
pen-
Title
LIB. 2
215
Cafban.
Parthia.
Title manyWitches, Sorcerers, Inchanters,Hydro and Pyro-mantiques,and
other Diaboliques have cloakt their trumperies and ungodlineffe. The
name Magi therefore was a peculiar Epethite in Perfia, in old times given
to fuch as were learned: fuch as in other Languages and Nations are called
Idiots, Phylofophers, Gymnofophifts, Brachmans, Chaldæans, Druides,
and Bardhs; all of them excellently ftudious in Natures beft parts and ver-
tues. Magus (fayes Suidas) is a derivative from Magu ſaus, a relative to Ma-
gog ſon of lapheth,ſon of Noah. Pencerus lib.de divinit.thus Pre-erant Ma-
gireligioni Perfice,ut in populo Dei Levita, ftudiifq;vera Philo-fophiæ erant
dediti, nec quifquam rex Perfarum poterat effe, qui non antea Magorum difci-
plinam fcientiamq; percepiffet,&c.Common cuftom (fayes St.Hierom) con-
ceits Magitians to be Inchanters, but falfly, for (fayes Peter Martyr alfo)
by the name Magi, wee underſtand wife and honeſt men: by which tefto-
monialls wee fee they were no way to be fcandaliz'd, nor fuch as now a
dayes Impoftors term themſelves. They were alſo thus called,from their
laborious fcrutinies & cotemplations into hidden cauſes: for by experience
in Aftronomie they not only bettered the theory but practick part, by ob-
ſerving the motion of the heavens,& influence of the ftarrs; from whence
they divined notable events in Nature, earthquakes, inundations, ecliples,
heat, mutations,&c. and alfo bettered their agriculture, and alternated the
earths unaptneffe to fructifie: whereby alfo by a meditation of the won-
derfull order,Simmetry,and providence by which each creature was made
and governed, they came to magnifie the Creator, the God of Nature.
And from their diving into the occult caufes of Nature, were called Magi-
call, though no other than a connexion of agents and patients in Na-
ture,refpecting one another; by learned men made to produce fuch effects
as to fuch as are ignorant of their caufes feeme ftrange and wonderfull,
Offuch heare Mantuan.
A Perfian Mage he called is
Who knowes Herbs, Stars and Deities.
All three learnt in Perfepolis.
Ille penes Perfas Magus eft, qui fydera novit,
Qui fciat herbarum vires, cultufq, Deorum.
Perfepolis facit ifta Magos,prudentia triplex.
Leaving theſe, and Caban: on the 23 of Auguft, wee made Bizdebode our
Manzeil, 18 miles off. Thence we rode to Natane or Tane, where Darius
Anno M.3635. breath'd his laft by the treacherous hands of Beffus the per-
fidious Bactrian. The Lodge here as aſham'd of ſuch a memorie,feemes to
hide it felfe 'twixt two loftie hills,from the eye of heaven: but from whoſe
tops wee might difcerne large vallyes thick fowne with Villages, and wa-
terd in many circum-gyrings. Thirty miles our laſt nights travell was;
and next night we got to Reig,more than that it was one and twenty miles
from Natan, not worth the memorizing: unleffe you will accept its di-
ftance from Spaham, nine Engliſh miles or three farfangs. And from Caf
bys 260 or thereupon. And where I will give over a Diary, defiring no
longer to defraud thy patience. For to Corrands, Deacon, Miſcarroon,
Corryn, Laccary, Corbet, Nazareil, Sabber-cawn,to Buldat thou commeft to
Bagdat; 130 farfangs diftant. Others from Spawhawn go thus, to Golpi-
chan fortie forfangs, to Toffarchan fortie, to Mando fiftie, to Hemoomezter
and
216
LIB. 2
Babylon.
}
and Baroe, to Babylon foureteene more, in all 144 leagues,a way more eaſie
but of greater diftance. Of which Citie, as it was and is,a few lines may be
remembred.
BABYLON, in Caldæa (or Keldan as now named) hath its denomi-
nation from that memorable confufion of Languages God Almighty or
dained to check the infolent pride of Nymrod and his confederates, intend-
ing to raiſe up fuch a pile as fhould fecure them from a fecond deluge, af-
frighted by that firft Cataclyfme 130 yeares before, and from Adams crea-
tion 1788. 2180 yeares before the incarnation of our Saviour; and admi-
rable it is to confider what multitudes of men were in the world in ſeven-
ſcore yeares, encreafing from eight perfons, thoſe that iffued from the Ark
upon Ararat in Armenia. This building was haftned by five hundred
thousand men, in few yeares raifing it from its bafis (which was nine miles
about) to above five thousand paces into the skie (whence Ovid fabled his
Giants warres)
Affe Staffe ferunt regnum
Cœlefte Gyant.s,
Altaq; congeftos ftruxiſſe
ad fydera Montes,
The heavens look't pale with wonder to behold,
With what attempts and rage the Giants bold
Sought to affront the gods, by raising high
Mount upon mount, to inhabit in the skie
intending no doubt to peepe into heaven. But hee that fits above, and ac-
counts the beft of mans power and policie but meere weakneffe and folly,
not only diſtracted their defigne, but ſevered them into feventie Compa-
nies, fending them feventie wayes to better imployments: from one
tongue, the Hebrew (Goropius dreamt it was Dutch) ordaining ſeventy
other Languages.
But though the Tower of Babel ftood for ever unfinished (albeit Alex-
ander the great by fome months labour in vaine of 100000 men (made to
defift by ſtrange diſeaſes and affrights) thought to have finiſht it) the Citie
notwithſtanding ſwell'd to a prodigious greatneffe: and though Arphaxad
(fonne of Sem fonne of Noah) begun to inhabit in this vale of Shynaar, yet
Nimrod (fonne of Cush,or Iupiter Belus fonne of Cam,or Iupiter Hamon the
accurſed fonne of Noah) wrefted it from his other kindred, yea behaved
himſelfe ſo proudly amongft his brethren, that to gratifie his memorie they
deified him by name of Sudormyn, by the Romans converted into Saturne.
Nimrod lived fix and fiftie yeares after the beginning of Babell; hee at laft
gave way to Death, and was buried I know not where, fome fay at this
place, fome fay at Perfepolis. Idolatrie was foone hatcht in the world;
Nimrods fucceffours ftrove to make their hellish progenitors earthly gods:
for after Ninus his fonne had erected many Temples to put his Grandfires
Images in, he attracted infinit people to inhabit there; by whofe labours
hee not only agrandiz'd this Citie, but by their helps grew to tyrannize in
the world, and to augment his Empire; whence, he is accounted the firſt
that incroacht on others rights to fatiate his ambition: and as he is named
the firſt Emperour of the earth, fo none died fo miferably; for his wife
Semiramys detruded him into prifon: where thee made him die a hatefull
death, fuch as became a monfter. The Virago Queene fat confidently at
the helme, and fteered through an Ocean of ftormes and miraculous paf-
fages;
LIB. 2
217
Babylon!
Caldea.
fages; till burning in flames of luft, in ftead of embraces, herfonne Nynias
(thought Amraphel and Mars) to revenge his Fathers death, flew her: but
by that murder became mad; and in that frenzie marched againſt King
Caucafus (Taphet's great grand-fon) and fubdued him: howbeit he himſelfe
was fo ferv'd by Abraham, fuch time as he reſcued his Nephew Lot, cap-
tivated by Arioch, Tydal, and Chedorlaomer. Semyramis to eternize her me-
morie fought many brave Combats, and return'd oft times victorious; ſhe
fubjected many Kings, fubjugated many Provinces, built many famous
Caftles, Cities and Gardens; the ruines of fome of them are in Medya, to
this houre remaining. Wee will confine her into Babylon: where thee
erected two inimitable Pallaces; one, was at the Eaft end, th’other, at the
Weft; the firſt extended thirty, the other fixty furlongs; both were im-
mured with walls of ftupendious height and architecture; but excelling
thoſe, ſhe built another in the heart or center of Babylon, which the de-
dicated to Cub or Iupiter Belus; the ſhape whereof was of foure equila-
teralls or fides; from every angle were one thouſand, in all foure thou-
fand paces: 'twas circled with a thick and towring wall; entred by foure
gates of polifht braffe in midft, was elevated a ftrong and ftately Tower,
upon which, eight other Towers rofe one upon another, farre above the
middle region: whence (from a continued ferenity of the sky) the Priefts
or Caldæan Aftrologers precifely markt the planetary motions (and if pof-
fible, to heare their rowling harmony;) for being above the clouds, they
delighted to regard the exact light and magnitude of the Starres; their
heliacall, acronicall, matutine, and vefpertine motions, rifing and falling;
Apollo's progreffe,the conftellations, afpe&ts, influences, and the like: and
at the top of all, a Turret inricht with three great golden Images or Sta-
tuas, repreſenting Iupiter,Ops, and Iuno, i. e. her father in law, her husband
Ninny, and her felfe; continuing there in divine efteeme for many ages;
and whereto (fayes Herodatus) in way of facrifice, was yeerly confumed
a hundred thoufand Talents in franc-incenfe: till Cyrus An. Mun.3432. by
drayning Euphrates into other channells, entred this Epitome of the
world and ranfackt her bravery.
But I have not ſpoken all. Semyramis alfo circled this gallant City
with a wall, which in after ages was call'd a wonder; fome fay Nabucha-
donozar made it, but an ancient Poet fings otherwiſe.
Semyramis built Perfian Babylon.
Perfarum ftatuit Babylona Semýramis Vrbem.
The circuit of which Wall was (after Solynus) threefcore miles En-
gliſh, or as hee reckons it, foure hundred and eighty furlongs. Diodorus
Siculus computes three hundred and fixty five, each day in the yeere cha-
lenging a furlong. Quintus Curtius numbers three hundred fifty and
eight, differing in his Arithmetic but feven furlongs. The compaffe I ad-
mire at, but am amazed at the height and fpiffitude; two hundred cubits
high it was, and fifty cubits thick; fo thick and fpacious, that at the top
fix Chariots might take the ayre, driving together abreft, not one before
another. Nynus and Semyramis begun it bravely; yet Nabuchadnezzer
and Nytocris his wife (daughter of Aliattes) beautified it, in a ſtupid admi-
ration
1
Ff
218
LIB. 2
Caldea.
Babylon.
ration crying out, Is not this great Babel that I have built? a boaſt ſo
much offending the facred Majefty of God, that hee rent the Kingdome
from that proud Affyrian,and made him a companion for beafts and birds,
to the aſtoniſhment of all fuch Atheiſts. Cyrus by one battell at Borſippa,
proftrated it and wreathed his Perfian brow with that Monarchic Dya-
dem, Anno Mundi 3432, ſeventeen yeeres after the captivity of Iudah and
Ifrael by Nabuzaradan his Liefetenant; five hundred and fifty two yeeres
before the birth of our Saviour: after which, it was often vaffaled. Seven-
ty nine yeeres after, Anno Mundi 3511 Artaxerxes Longimanus ruling
Perfia, the Prophet Ezdras went hence to rebuild the Temple at Ierufa
lem, and thirteene yeeres after that was feconded by Nehemiah from shu-
fhan. The victorious Macedonian conquered it, Anno Mun. 3633, at which
time (as Ariftotle reports) one part of the City knew not in three dayes
after,that the enemy had entred it: a vaft bigneffe, but eafily credited, if
Paufanias in Affyr. fay true: Babylon, omnium quas unquam Sol afpexit Vr-
bium maxima &c. either (to parallell it with Ierufalem deſtroyed by Vespa-
tian) in their ſolemne ficrifices, in which times the people multiplyed;
or rather to fulfill that prophefie, 51 Ieremiah 31, One Poft fhall runne
to meet another to shew the King of Babylon, that his City is taken at one
end. But these mutations did not fo eclipfe her, as Seleuchus Nicanor did
by envy and policy, Anno Mundi 3645 building a Ciry in the conflux of
Tigris into Euphrates, where Coch firft ftood and then Alexandria, new
naming it Seleucya so miles thence; 300 ftades fayes Marcellien; and to add
luftre to his owne by the decay of the other, illured from Babylon fix hun-
dred thouſand foules, in fmall time making that late triumphant Empreſſe
of Townes fit naked and difconfolate; the reward of her incomparable
pride and tyranny. Ieremiahs prophefie in the so, s1, then being accomp-
lifhed. The violence done to mee and mine be upon Babylon. Behold I am
against thee O thou most proud, &c. The broad walls of Babylon ſhall be utterly
broken: her high gates ſhall be burnt with fire;fhe shall become a heap,a dwelling
place for Dragons! and it shall be faid, how is Babylon become an astonishment,
a biſſing and a defolation among all Nations.
Alexander when he took it, inricht his coffers with two hundred thou-
fand Talents of gold, betrayed by Bagophanes the Eunuch and here
(Terrarum fatale malum & fydus iniquum gentibus,as a Critick calls him)
Alexander, the worlds great victor difroab'd himfelfe out of his life (by
quaffing too much Oxe blood to Hercules, his emulated Progenitor)
Anno Mundi 3647, 337,before the Incarnation: at the age of 32, having
troubled the world 12 yeeres aad 8 months: his death foretold him by
a Calanus or Bracman. Thus much concerning Babylon not that
Al-Cayro in Egypt (neere old Memphis, inthe fame place where Latopolis
ftood) built by Cambyfes the Perfian, and new named El-cayroby Geboar,
Leiftenant to El-Cays the Kalyph: as I finde in the firſt and eight books
of Leo's Hiftory of Afrique : by the Hebrews call'd Mezraim, by the Cal-
dees Alcabyr, Myzir by the Arabs, and Maffarr by all Armenians,
BAG DAT, (rais'd out of old Babells ruines;) is in 36 deg. 20 min.
North: in 82 of longitude : built in that part of Mefopotamia the Perfi-
ans call Trakein; the Turks, Diarbec; the Arabs, Iazirey; the Armeni-
ans
LIB. 2
Caldea.
Bagdat.
219
ans, Meridin. It receives the name Bagdat, I ſuppoſe, from Bag-Deh, i. e. a
Lordly Citie; or from Bamt-dat, i. e. a Princely garden: fome fay from
Bugiafer the Babylonian Kalyph, who disburſt two millions of gold to re-
edifie it, after that cruell devaftation made there by Almerick King of
Jewry. But long ſhee enjoyed not this glory, for Chyte a Tartar Prince
gives order to Alako his brother to diveft her; who accordingly fackt it
with a barbarous rage and greedineffe,& cruelly tortured the then Lord or
Chalyph Muftaed-zem: but in the yeere of our Lord 763. Heg. 142. Alman-
for or Abviapher the Calyph pittied her delapidations, and taking a precife
time, when by a good influence of the heavens it might in future times be
fortunate, he begun to reare her up againe, and builded the Moſq' in that
place where one Bagdet an Eremit had made his hermitage, and from
whom it may be 'twas fo called: Almanfor gave it another name, Medina-
Ifalem, i. e. the City of peace; or as Ben-Cafer thinks, Deer. Afjala, i. e.
the Church of peace. An ill fpirit it feemes hanted it: for after thee be-
gun to breath anew, and to adorne her head with Majeſty, another cold
Northern blaſt benummed her; Tangrolipix or Sadoc Lord of the Zel.
zuccian family and father of the Ottomans, takes it in defpight of the A-
rab and Perfian An, Dom. 1031, Heg. 411, and forced her to bow under
the yoak of miferable bondage. Howbeit, once more an Arabian Cha-
lyph re-comforts her, Negmeddin-Fidall-ally by name, fonne to Emyr-El-
mummjn : after whom Addaë-dan! and Siet Saife-Deddaul did their beſt to
inlarge her: and to them (according to Acmad-Abu beker) followed Almo-
ftacer-bilah fonne to Almocadi-bila Anno Dom. 1100. Heg. 480. all which
feverall Calyphs were rich, and liberall, fuch as fpared neither coft nor
paine to redintigrate her bulk and memory. Ifmael-Sophy conquer'd it
from Bajazeth: but Solyman regained it from Sha Tahamas: from him the
Perſian King Mahomet (fonne to Tamas) wrefted it Anno Domini 1566.
Heg. 946. by a neat ftratagem, he entred unfufpected in difguize of a Mer-
chant, fifteene hundred other Noble warriors in like habit driving
into Bagdat a Carravan of three thousand Camells; but upon the watch-
word, throwing off their gownes, they brandifht their glittering blades in
the eyes of the aftonifht garrison. The Perfians kept it till the yeere of our
Lord 1605. Heg. 985. when it reverted to Turkiſh thraldome; but Abbas
could not fuffer it, for An. Dom. 1625. Heg.1005. moſt bravely he beat the
Turqs thence, and the Tartars from Van in Armenia: and to this day
holds both, though ten times the inraged Turqs have attempted to reco-
ver it. Let us now into the Towne. Bagdat, at this day ſcarce equalls
Briſtow in bulk or beauty: the circuit may be three miles and better, in-
cluding fifteene thouſand familes. It is watered by Tigris call'd Diglat and
Dyguilah, ſomewhat broader than the Thames, but not fo navigable nor
gentle : In all this City is nothing worthy the preſent obfervation, fave
the Bridge, the Mofque, the Sultans Pallace, the Coho houſe, the Buz-
zar, and the Gardens. The bridge reſembles that at Rohap in Normandy;
it has a plain & eafie paffage over 30 long boats,concatenated and made to
feparate at pleafure. The Mofque is builded in the Weft fide; large,round,
and very pleaſantly rais'd of white free-ftone, brought from Moful (old
Ninivy.) The Sultans houfe adjoynes the great market; it is large but low:
Ff2
and
:
220
LIB. 2
Bagdat..
Shushan.
and neere it are ſome braffe peeces the Turks left there againſt their will:
a little Chappell alfo, Panch-Ally by name, is note-worthy; memorable
in the impreſſion of five fingers, Mortis Ally by a trick that he had made
in the ſolid ſtone there. The Cobo houfe is a houfe of good fellowſhip; in
the evening many Muffulmen affemble to fip a fort of Stigian liquour; a
black, thick, bitter potion,brewed out of Bunchie or Bunnu berries; more
reputed of, in that it increaſes Venus, and purges melancholy: but moſt
of all, from a tradition they have that Mahomet fipt no other fort of drink,
fave this which was firft invented and brewed by Gabryel: in the Coho
houfe they alfo inebriate their braines with Aracc and Tobacco. The
Buzzar in Bagdat is fquare, and comely. The Gardens are ſweet and love-
ly; all put together, thew no more artificiall ſtrength, wealth nor brave-
ry than do many neighbouring and late up-ftart Townes about her.
Twelve miles lower is feene a groffe confuled Mount; by fome thought
the rubbiſh of Nimrods Tower: flimy bricks and mortar may be digd out
of it. I rather imagin it the ruine of that monftrous Temple, which was
erected by semyramis in honour of Bell or Iupiter Belus, Grand-father to
Nynus. At fome diftance it is better perceiv'd than when neerer hand;
the infenfible rifing all the way, it may bee occafions it: what more or
more properly can I apply, than in our owne tongue, what an old Poet
warbled in his idiom.
Miramur periiffe homines?
monumenta fatefcunt,
Interitus faxis nominibuf
que venit.
Why wonder we that People die? fince Monuments decay.
Yea,flinty Stones,with mens great Names, Deaths tyranies obaj.
roy-
To fee old shufhan is neither unworthy our labour, nor out of our way.
SHVSHAN, is every where famouſed. It was one of the three
all Pallaces, the Medyan Monarchs fo much gloried in; Babylon, Shushan,
and Ecbatan: built by Darius fonne of Hiftafpis Anno Mundi 3444. as Pliny
has it in his 6 lib. c.28. Some fay Laomedan built it,fuch time as Thela judg-
cd Ifrael. Others make Cyrus Lord of Pifogard (from Pifon a branch of
Hiddekel or Tigris) to bee the Architect, in memory of his good fucceffe
obteyned in that very place againſt Aftiages the Median Emperour. It is
ſpoken of in the 1.ch. of Hefter: That there, Ahabuerus An. Mun. 3500.
feafted his Liefetenants over a hundred twenty and ſeven Provinces, a
hundred and eighty dayes with great coft and triumph. Nehemiah and
Daniel alſo remember it to bee in Elam, Perfia: and notwithſtanding the
many mutations and miferies it had from many avaritious Tyrants, yet was
it able to ſmile upon Alexander, when hee extracted thence to pay his Sol-
dats and fill his bags with fifty thouſand Talents in Bullyon, and nine Mil-
lions in coyned Gold: and well may bee, fince Caßiodore in his 7. lib.
lib. 15.
Epift: reports for truth, that Memnon (fonne to Tithon, and reckned by
fome, firſt founder) fo gloried in his work that hee cemented the ftones
with gold; which made Ariftagoras cry out to his men of warre, that if they
could but mafter it, each poore knave there might then compare with love
for riches and bravery.
Some wrangle about the name Shushan, and its fignification. Athenaus
interprets it from her plenty in Lillyes; but whence hee fetcht it I cannot
tell; the Arabic nor Perfian have no fuch meaning: as well I may fay
from
LIB. 2
221
Shuſban.
Paradife.
1
from Suzan or Shuzan in the Perfic tongue a needle or a glaffe-bottle.
But fuch Synonimaes may not carry it. I rather beleeve it is derived from
Chus (Noahs grand-fonne) Sufiana from him call'd Chufiana, and at this day
not much difcrepant in the name they call it by, Chufiftan. More probable,
in that Chus, Cams fonne planted a Colony here, ere hee journeyed into
Arabia and Æthiopia,(a miftake, made the Septuagints imagine Nyle one of
thoſe foure, ftreaming from Paradife) his fonnes alfo here-abouts inhabi-
ting. Nymrod in Chaldea. Seba in Arabia. Havilah in Indya. Raamah in
Carmania.&c. Let us now into Shushan.
At this day 'tis called Valdac, not farre from the Gulph: watered by
Chozes or Choafpes; which arifing from the Jaaroonian Mountains ftreames
hither very pleaſantly in many meanders circum-giring, and not far from
Balforac (Doridatis of old) participates with the brackish Gulph of Perfia,
where allo Euphrates (call'd Phrat and Almacher) from Libanus fome fay,
from Mount Abas in Armenia fay others: and Tigris (now call'd Diglat and
Hiddechel) from Taurus (or Pariedrus rather) imbowell themſelves. A ri-
ver of fuch account which the Perfian Emperours, that no water but Cho-
afpes, no bread but from Affes in Phrygia, no wine but the Chalybonian in
Syria, no falt but what they had from Memphis in Egipt could pleaſe their
pallats. Daniel calls it Vlai; Pliny, Eulaus;an anti-ftream glides to Perfepolis.
Shushan was in compaffe 120 ftades or furlongs;fo Strabo. Policletus pum❤
bers 200, above twenty miles Engliſh. The wall about it quadrangular.
In building, walls, houfes, Temples, and the like, refembling Babylon.
From whence Ecbatan & it had æquidiftancie five hundred fhort miles.Val
dac had fome forme and beauty, till Mofes firnamed Askar (Omars kinfman)
Anno Dom.641.Heg.21, depopulated it. It has now a reſemblance of Mo
ful or Ninivie; nothing but ruines covering her. Of which and other
fuch once noble Cities I may ſay with King David, Pfalm. 46. Come and be-
hold the works of the Lord,what defolations he bath made in all the earth! And
that we are fo neere the old locall place of Paradiſe, let me glance a little
into it.
J
PARADISE, or the terreftriall Garden of Eden (Hogea-del-Holan
the Indians name it) (Gan-Eden the Hebrewes call it) wherein God placed
Adem, is much controverted; and where it was,as much doubted of: fome
making it an Allegorie, others a locall place. Strange it is to confider the
variety. Some fay it was in the middle Region of the ayre, whence they
will draw the foure great ftreames that water Paradife. Some place it in
the mountaines of the Moone (in Ethyop whence Nilus ſprings,) other-
fome in the circle of the Moone, fome others under the circle, and that
thence the foure rivers flow gliding under many large deepe Seas, and ſo
into Paradiſe. Some think the 4 rivers fignifie 4 cardinall vertues; the
word Paradife,a metaphor of delight;mans fall,the banishment;the torryd
Zone, the fierie fword; and fuch other fanatick fancies as made the brain-
fick Hermians and Seleucians fweare there never was a Paradife : whoſe
phantafmaes I value not, in that the more judicious affirme there was,
varying meerely in the place. Some (and thofe well read) imagine it was
ten miles about, the Province Mefopotamia, the precife place Eden, to this
retaining
"
222
LIB. 2
Paradife.
:
The Au.
thor's fick-
messe.
•
retaining both name and memory. St. Auguftine judges it was in the happy
Arabia. Amongst the Tartars dreames Goropius (in Holland hee might have
faid.)Vnder the N.pole thinks Poftellus.In Syria,Beroaldus.Vpon the banks
of Tigris fayes Xenophon. Every where,before Adam finned thinks Ortelius.
Some fay it comprehended Mefo-potamia, Armenia, Mount Taurus, in-
circling Shymaar; holding afterwards Selencia and Babylon. Others carry it
further as that it included Nilus and Ganges, a too great limit for a Garden,
fix thouſand miles diftant; Nyle arifing from Zair in Afrique, empties it
felfe into the mid-land Sea; Ganges from Imans in Scythia, into the Gan-
gerick Sine or Bengalan Ocean. The Inhabitants in Ceyloon fay Paradife
was there, and fhew Adams footsteps, Eves teares,&c. Some fay Egipt, Sy-
ria,and Indea: that the tree of knowledge grew on Mount Calvary, the le-
cond Adam fuffering in the fame place the firſt Adam had offended. Some
dreame it is in a mountaine above the skie, where none are but Esech and
Elias. We can afcend no higher, without troubling our underſtandings.
The beſt is this, That Nyle nor Ganges had no being there: the Septua-
gints miſtake arifing from their fuppofition that Pifon was Ganges, and Gi
hon, Nyle. Mefopotamia no doubt was Eaft from Arabia, where Mofes (the
Prince and firit that ever wrote Hiftory) compleated his Pentateuch. And
as queftionleffe, the Garden of Eden was watered with Euphrates and Ty
gris: who in their ſeverall fluxes, one from Libanus, th'other from Ararat
or Taurus, part themſelves into foure branches; Pifon one (ftreaming to
Pifo-gardin Perfia;) Gibon th'other (commixing with Chofpes) both runne
into the Gulph, at Balfora. For whereas 'tis laid, Pifon compaffes the land
of Havilah, we muft not imagine it that Havilah in Indya, whither Havilah
fonne of Ioctan fonne of Eber fonne of Sem travelled:but that in Sufiana or
Chufiana, where Havilah fonne of Chus, fonne of Cham, ſon of Noah planted.
his Colony; before he defcended into Ethiopia or Afrique. Or if that will
not content, we may diftend it, to make Mount Taurus a wall anto it Eaft,
and North and that Euphrates, Tygris, Araxes ( or Gozan if you pleaſe)
and Indus watered it, a fufficient extendure, and in the adolefcencie of the
world fruitfull and delicious.
:
I cannot chooſe a better place to feat your patience, than here, to
make my felfe your object. After the death of fome noble Gentlemen, my
courfe came next, though not to die, yet to put my feet into the grave.
Whether I had got cold on Taurus (by fucking in the refrigerating ayre,
denudating my heating body) or that I play'd the Epicure too largely on
delicate fruits, or that diverſity of Meridians, or ſo long quaffing variety of
waters, I know not: fome or all of theſe (by Gods divine appointment)
overcame me, and forced me into fuch a violent diffentery, that in twelve
dayes I had a thouſand bloudy ftooles, and for forty dayes longer time
was ore-charg'd with fuch cruelty, that (fome can witneffe) I dare fay, nes
ver poore man was more enfeebled! I wanted not the help of the Kings
beſt Phyfitians, they did mee little good: I tooke what they prefcribed
(dry Rice, Pomgranad pills, Barberries, Sloes in broth, and a hun-
dred other things) and gave them what fo ere they craved: ſo that it was
hard to judge whether my fpirits or gold decayed fafter. In this extreame
mifery
LIB. 2
223
Concerning the Persian Empire.
mifery I was forced to travell 300 miles, hanging upon a Camel.
Morod that great Æfculapius feeing I would rather die than part with any
more mony(for whe it was gone,I knew not where to borrow, Merchant's
were ſtrangers to mee, and I had above fixteene thouſand miles home, to
goe round Afrique) hee limited my life to but five dayes exiftence: but
he that fits on high and accounts all humane knowledge, meere folly; in
foure & twenty houres after, miraculouſly prov'd this famous Oraculizer
a compleat lyer. I had then attending mee an Armenian call'd Magar
and a Hecate of Tartary, to whom I daily gave for falary eight pence:
many Succuby's fhee implored (fore against my will) but finding they had
no power to bewitch me; whether to accilerate Morods fentence, or whe-
ther to poffeffe my linnen and apparell (of which I had good plenty) I
know not,
but the refolv'd to poyfon me. For, knowing wine was ftrictly
forbidden me, fhee prefents me in an Agony of thirst, a Violl full of old
ftrong intoxicating wine, which relifht curiously, and I powred downe
without wit or meaſure: but (as it had beene ſo much ophium) it quickly
baniſht my vitall fences, and put mee for foure and twenty houres into a
deadly trance, and in that time (had not a friend refifted) I had beene bu-
ried. But by Gods great mercie,this defperate Potion recovered me. For
after I had diſgorg'd abundantly, I fell into a found fleepe (not having
done ſo a moneth formerly, the people admiring fuch a recovery) ſo that
by benefit of that little reft and binding quality of the wine, I grew every
day better and ſtronger: but my defperate Do&reffe (whiles my other
fervant wept over mee) like an old Hagg, opened my Truncks and robd
me of all my linnen and fome moneys. I would not purfue her, for then
fhe had died for it. I will therfore fay with David 71 Pfal.O! what troubles
and adversities haft thou ſbewed me? and yet didst thou turne and refreſh mee,
jea and broughtest me from the deepes of the earth againe !
Obfervations concerning the Perfian Empire.
Hitherto wee have beene practicall: ler mee now draw your eyes to
theorize in generall the feverall properties and faſhions of this great
Empire; whofe Monarchs have from the Infancie of Time either fwayd
the Scepter of the world,or adorn'd their browes with aDyadem of braver
luftre than any other Kings of Afia: and firſt ſpeake wee by what ſeverall
Nomenclations Perfia has beene call'd; than which, no other Kingdome
in the Univerfe has beene more variable.
In Nymrods dayes (that Monſter of the world) 'twas called Chufa, from Severall
Chus fonne of Cham (onne of Noah, who removed his Colony thence inco
names of
Arabia, and after into Ethyopia or Africk. In Chedorlaomars reigne (con- Perfia.
temporary with Abraham) it was named Elam, from Elam ſonne of Sem
fonne of Noah, and brother (if prophane Authors fay true) to (Madai or)
Atlas Maurus fonnes of Iaphet fonne of Noah. From him the people were
called Elamita and Elame, names much uſed amongst the Antients. The
next it varied to, is Perfia, whether from Perfeus loves fonne by Danae
daughter
!
224
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
daughter to Acrifius, or from analogie with the Chaldee tongue, imply-
ing a horſes hoofe, a hooked nofe, or a divifion, I will not argue. But the
Greeks not content with any of them, intitled it Panchaya and Cephoene; lin
memory of their Countryman Cepheus (after King of part of Ethiope)bro-
ther of Cadmus, Agenor's famous children. This fame Cepheus was father of
Andromeda, wife to Perfeus, parents of Perfes the renowned Archer,living
in the world before the building of Rome twelve hundred and feventy
yeares. Gog and Magog fome have alſo named her, and Magufæa too, but
from whence arifing needs no interpreter. Such time as Achemanes fon
to Ægeus King of Athens ruled, it got an Achemænian denomination, as
Lucan, Herodotus, Suidas, Cedrenus, and others have it: after which race
it was new named Arfaca, from Arfaces the Heroick Parthian not long af
ter the Incarnation; Artea after that, by the Inhabitants importing a noble
Country, and from whence many brave Princes affumed names, as Ar-
taxerxes, Artabanus, Artaphernes, Artafpes,&c. The Tartars in their over-
running a great part of Afia nam'd it Chorforia, as Solynus notes; The Ara-
bians Anno Dom.598 (fuch time as Mahomet grew notorious) call'd it Sa-
racenia, in memory of their defcent and doctrine. Azemia fome call it :
by the Turks (in envie to Siet Gunet and his decadence from the Alco-
ranniſh Doctors) Etnizaria and Agamia: fince when, they have added
thoſe of Chuba, Shaw-Izmaelia, Saic-Aideria, Curafania, and fome fuch, as
(proceeding from particular malice) are unworthy our taking notice of,or
to be inferted in the roll of memory.
Let mee now give you the effigies of her preſent ſtanding; which if I
faile to pourtray exactly; I will willingly incur fome blame, ſo you will
copy it in a better pofture.
The derivative and feverall names of Perfia I have already drawne: the
Provinces at this day obeying that famous Diadem,and how called I fhall
firft effay; her bulk next; and then her faſhions. Thus rancked: Perfia,
Parthia,Medya,Hyrcania,Bactria,Sogdiana,Evergeta, Aria,Drangiana, Mar-
giana, Paropamifa, Carmania, Gedrofia, Sufiana, Arabia, Caldea, Mefo-po-
tamia, Armenia, Iberia, and Mengrellia, twenty noble Kingdomes of old,
(at this day under the ſtroke of the Perfian Scepter) are thus new named,
Provinces of Parſe, Arac, Shervan, Mozendram, Sableſtan, Maurenahar, Sirgian, Hery,
Perfia how Sigistan, Stigias, Kalfiſtan, Carmawn, Lariſtan, Chufiſtan, Tazirg, Keldhan,
now named. or Ajaman Darbeq, Arminy, Carkafh, and Vafpracan. The whole Empire
is terminated on Eaft, Weft, North, and South; with India, Arabia, the
Cafpian, and Perfian Seas. From Candahor (equi-diftant with Oxus in
Bactria) to Babylon, Eaft and Weft, it ftretches foure hundred and forty
The Empire. farfangs, or of Engliſh, a thouſand three hundred and twenty miles, in
feventy dayes ufually travelled; and from Giulphall (or Ielphy neere Van
in Georgia) to Cape Gwader in 25 degrees, the furtheft part of Gedrofia or
Macron on Indus, North and South, foure hundred ninety and fix farfangs,
or a thouſand foure hundred eighty and eight Engliſh miles; in eighty
dayes commonly journeyed: from which we may compute, the circuit is
not leffe than foure thousand miles. The North and Eaft is moſt
fruitfull in graffe, in corne, in fruit; the South and Weft (except where
rivolets are) ſandy, mountanous, fterile, and inhoſpitable: the vehement
heat
Extent of
part
1
LIB. 2
225
the Perfian Empire.
heat ſcorches the earth and makes it barren; and from whence, the foyle
yeelds no exhalations, the mother of clouds,and confequently wants rain
to madifie: but in ftead of it, God has bleft them with frequent breefes.
But how miferable fo ere it feemes to others, the Perfian King makes The Kings
many happy harvefts; filling every yeere his infatiate coffers with above revenue.
three hundred and fifty feven thound Tomans (a Toman is five markes
fterlin,) in our money, 1190000 pound fterlin : a great revenue, the more
to be admired at, fince he extracts it from raw filke, customs and cotton;
not thinking any way meane or difhonourable that brings in money. So
thought Abbas; and thence deriv'd that unkinkly trade of fending into the
market, his dayly prefents of fruits and flowers (for without fome pifcaſh His dome-
was no faluting him;) a kind of thrift, he not only boafted of (I imagin as fick policy.
Agefilaus did of his polt-foot) but feemed to complain of the too great nici-
ty of other Kings. And no doubt, if all the Potentates of the earth were
inquired after, none would parallell this late old Monach of Perfia for
ftartagems in good husbandry, (for fo, to refpect the man, we had beft call
it.) He could finely dart his wonder upon fuch & fuch a Town by report or
letter confeffing his amazement at fight of fome great Elephant,or Tower
of gold he heard they had acted: they dare not reafon against it,they know
the meaning; and in pure gold get fuch a prefent; if rich and heavy, then
tis dainty work, though never ſo difordered: if otherwiſe, then no way
prailed. Ninety wall'd Townes are under his command (the Villages are
above forty thouſand) none of which efcape his policy; for though they
practice nothing leffe than gold-fmiths work and imagery, yet hee falutes
them with a falſe report, defiring to fee experimentally, whether fame
had not beene a niggard in their elevation': they embrace the comple-
ment, and returne him in pure gold the Icon of an Elephant, Cammell,
or Dromedary: fome a Pegafus, a Cefterne or Bath fome ſend to gaine
his love, and fome a Babel, or reprefentation of fuch a great Citie as they
know will take him, by comparifon : confidering which, I leffe admire
that vaft treaſure of Mammonifme, commonly taken out for oftentation at
the receit of Ambaſſadors or Travellers of note; fuch as in Mofendram our
eyes were glutted with. In warre, no Afiatick Prince was mafter of more
Art or fure experience; at home, his Genius travaill'd with no fewer fan-
cies, none without its certaine end to agrandife his treafurie. A Merchant
I may alſo call him, having many thouſand factors, frugall and skilfull
under him, all which hee fends through the wide univerfe with each his
ftock of money, or filke, or carpets to make money of fome of them
returne in three, in five fome, none exceeds feven yeeres to give their ac-
count, to the Kings infinite advantage: if they have loytered, or acciden-
tally loft, and returne meane profits, they had as good behang'd, hee is fo
incredulous and wrathfull: but when they come home multiplyed, and
with increaſe, & to his liking,he rewards them with large thanks,a woman
from his Haram,a horſe, a fword,a Tulipant; but after a fmall repoſe packs
them abroad againe, re-affuring them of his good affection, and that after
fuch a voyage they fhall end their motion in a happie reft, (but feldome
does it,till death or diſeaſes force him to it) that they and theirs fhall enjoy
fuch neceffary fummes as conduce to make them fortunate; but in event
Gg
find
225
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
Armes.
rowed from the Cygales of the Athenians, or from the Romans who
wore Creſcents (or halfe Moones) upon their fhoo es as an Enfigne of ho-
nour, by Martiall and Pancirollus term'd Lunati calcet; Lunata nufquam
pellis: and by Statius in his Bofcages, primaque patritia clanfit veftigia
Luna, &c. Over all, the Perfians (eſpecially fuch as travell) throw fhort
Calzoons or coats of cloth (without fleeves) furr'd with fables, foxes,
mufhwhormaws, ſquirrills,or of fheep, not a little eſtimated; and can (in
hotteſt ſeaſons) indure to weare fhort wide ſtockings of English cloth,
whoſe heeles are covered with leather, and ferve fometimes for boots to
ride in; howbeit, they want not boots; wide, well fowed, ill cut, but
prevalent in fhowres. Gloves are of no eſteeme amongst them; nor rings
of gold; of filver they have many not that gold is leffe valuable (in
other things moſt uſed) but becauſe Mahomet forfooth had his of filver;
left to Ozman as a legacie, and charm'd with many fingular properties:none
have their rings of iron, except flaves, and thoſe of baſer fort; a mettall
they account and call a proper fymboll of unnaturall flaverie. They paint
their hands into a red or tawnie colour, which both cooles the liver, and
in warre makes them (they fay) victorious: their nailes are particoloured,
white and vermillion; and why fo I cannot fay, unleffe in imitation of
King Cyrus; who in augmentation of honour, commanded his Heroes
to tincture their nailes and faces with vermillion, ſerving both to diſtin-
guish them from the vulgar fort, and (as did our warlike Brittains) in fight
to fhew more terrible! Their rings are fometimes fet with Agats and lets
ters of Arabic conteyning either fome fpell, their names, or elfe fome
fragment of the Alcoran: not one amongſt a thouſand warriors knowes
the benefit or uſe of letters; the Mullayes and Clergy ingroffe that Art,
who when they write,do it kneeling; either that that pofture is eafier, or
that what they dictate in that fort, is fuppofed holy: nor ufe they goofe-
quills, but reeds or canes of great affize and thickneffe; in that they imi-
tate the Antients: their paper is very gloffie and varie-coloured, well
preft, and the rarer in that their materialls are not raggs or skins, but cot-
ton wooll, courſe, and requiring much toyle to perfect it.
They feldome go without their fwords (fhamfheers they call them)
form'd like a Crefcent, of pure mettall, broad, and fharper than any rafor;
nor do they value them, unleffe at one blow they can cut in two an Afi-
nego; the hilts are without ward, of gold, of fteele, of wood; the fcab-
bards are well made, of Camells hide, on folemne dayes covered with
velvit embroydered with gold and ftones of price: they feldome ride
abroad without bow and arrow; the quiver and cafe wrought and cut
ingeniouſly; the bow is fhort, and (not unlike a croffe-bow) bended; and
albeit fome thinke incomparable in mifchiefe to a gun, yet the time has
beene they have got with that (as we in France) in many parts of Afia
moft memorable battels; as when Craffus loft his life, Valerian and others,
occafioning thoſe dirgees of the Roman Poets, Terga converſi metuenda
Parthi and Ovid thus, Gens fuit & terris & equis & tuta fagittis, &c.
at this day of no credit in archerie, unleffe they can in a full carreer cleave
an Orenge hanging in a ftring athwart the Hippo-drome, and (when paft
the mark) with another ready arrow as furely hit the reft, turning (in his
ſhort
LIB. 2 the Perfian Empire.
224
fhort ſtirrips and Morocco faddle ) backwards.
The women (in thoſe parts fcarce vifible) might paffe unfpoken of, I The women.
will only glance at them. Their ftature is generally low, but ftreight and
comely; more corpulent than leane,wine and mufick fattens them; the
fplen is curable, where vexation domineeres not: their colour is pale,
made fanguine by adulterate complexion; their haire is commonly black
and curled they have high foreheads, pure skins, black diamond eyes,
high noſes, large mouths, thick lips, round cheekes, fat and painted: ho-
neft women have liberty to go abroad to breath the Ayre or buy their
neceffaries, but dare not speak to any man in the way, nor unvaile their
faces. When they follow the Camp or are to journey any whither they
are mounted two and two upon Camells; and fit croffe-legg'd in cages
(or cajuaes as they call them) of wood, covered with cloth to forbid any
}
A Persian Woman.
#
body
226
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
!
1
finde that old proverb too too true, Pollicitis, dives quilibet effe poteft.
Againe, from Indoftan, Tartary, and Araby, every yeere move towards
Perfia, many Carravans furniſht with rich and rare commodities: as Chy
#aware,fattens, filks, ftones, rich Tulipants, &c. of whofe approach hee
has quick notice: concerning which, either hee gives a private command
that none fhall dare to traffick with them, by that forcing them to his
owne prices; or affronts them upon entring his Dominions with a falfe
alarme, as that the paffage further is long, and hard, and dangerous, or
that the late darth makes the country incapable to entertaine them; by
fuch heathen Mathematicks fo ftartling them, that rather than move back
to fuch hazards, or go on to incounter fuch, or to incur his hatred; they
oft times condifcend to any mart, fometimes receiving money for their
goods, or by exchange, for what the Perfian Emperour can beft fpare;
to his owne, and others, difperfing thofe new merchandizes at ftretcht
rates, yea at the height of ignoble avarice; and having coyne or bullion
(to prevent its pilgrimage into other regions) hee molds it into plate of
huge affize or the like, too heavie to go farre, worke very poore, in value
rich and ponderous. Befides, by that law of Perfia, hee makes himfelfe
heyre to all that dye, puts the young ones to fome way of life, warre, or
merchandize; none daring to call his title into queftion: hee alfo expects
annuall preſents from all men of quality; take notice of one mans offring
a yeere or two before our being in Perfia: the Duke of Sherazz was hee
that fent it: foure hundred fixty and five thousand florens coyned; forty
and nine goblets of good gold; feventy two refined filver, and fo much
of other valuable rarities, as in all, burthen'd three hundred Camells: a
gallant prefent, a fure medicine to expell his melancholy. But this might
all be tollerated, were Aftrea any where adored: but contrarily, abhorred
bribery and corruption in Juftice, renders fo brave a Prince too much dif
tempered.
Quid faciant leges ubi fola pecunia regnat?
Aut ubi paupertas vincere nulla poteſt ?
▼
Where money over-rules, what good de lawes?
Or where the poore is cruſht without a cauſe?
For albeit 'tis faid that the lawes of the Medes and Perfians never alter,
yet doubtleffe in fo many changes as have hapned there, their lawes may
be corrupted or altered: At this day they have little written law; fome-
what the law of Nature has dictated: they have no Termes, few Lawyers,
no demurs in Juftice: Lex Talionis is much ufed and commonly upon
complaint, (how difficil fo ere the caufe bee) the fword decides it before
Sun-fer. The vulgars habit and difpofition next attends us.
The Perfians are generally big-limb'd, ftrong, ftreight, and proper; the
The people
Zone makes them Olive-coloured; the wine, cheerefull; opium, vene-
defcribed., rious. The women paint; the men love Armes; all love Poëtry: the
grape inflames their paffion, the law allayes it, example bridles it: they
love not rule, the King is Iupiter in terris, & by a panbafilay & forced will
equalls the Duke and Peafant in his command (diffring them otherwayes)
the name Colloom or flave being equally proper and hereditary; and in
awleſſe bravery hee values them as Agefilaus did Lifander, and from this
tenet of damned Matchiavell drawn from Photinus.
:.
Sceptrorum
་
LIB. 2
227
the Perfian Empire.
ATyrants power decayes when he refpects
Inftice or honeſty; for he fufpects
His lawleffe luft produces beft effects.
Sceptrorum vis tota perit, fi pendere jaſta
Incipit, evertitque arces refpe&us honefti;
Libertas fcelerum eft,quæ regna invifa tuetur.
troubleſome to one, formidable to the other, to neither convenient
to none honourable. No part of their body is allowed hayre, the upper
lip excepted, which growes very long and thick, they turne it downward;
the oyle Domae, but thrice applyed annihilates that excrement ever after.
The meaner fort referve a lock in mid their head, of double ufe, Mahomet
by that, diftinguiſhing them from other fe&taries; and by helpe of it the
cafier to attaine Paradize: we heare it, they furely beleeve it. Their
eyes are black, their foreheads high, their nofes hooked; about their heads
they wreath great rowles of Callico, of filke and gold, higher,more beau-
tifull, and not fo bungie as the Turkish Turbants; they call them Shafhes,
in paſt times (eſpecially thofe worne by Kings) Cydarims or Tyaraes,
with us call'd Mithers, a little fafh or gold fringe hangs downe behinde,
the Arab taught it them,and ferves to diftinguifh of what quality. The King
turnes the contrary fide of his Shafh forwards, in no other garb diffring
from others: in Triumphs and great dayes I have feene them circle their
Tulipants with ropes of great orient pearles, with chaines of Rubies,Tur-
quoifes and other Stones. The Afiaticks weare no bands,they are the at
tire of peace (not dwelling there,) their habit or out.fide garment is uſu-
ally of Callico, ftitcht with Silke, quilted with Cotten; the better fort
have them of party-coloured filkes, of Satten fome, of rich gold, and fil-
ver chamlets others, and fome of bod-kin and richeft cloth of gold, figu-
red: variety in work and colours pleaſes them beyond meafure, and ferve
as Emblems of joyes in Paradize: black is not knowne among them, they
call it difmall, a type of hell, and unluckineffe. Their fleeves are ftraight
and long (to varie from their enemies the Turq' who have them wide and
ſhort;) the veft or coat reaches down to their calves, & beares round; their
waifts are girt with towells of filke and gold above eight yards long, thofe
and the Shafhes diſcover (as they tranfcend and defcend in value) the
dignitie of thoſe that weare them. The Dukes have them woven with
gold, the Merchants and Cofel-bafhes of filver, of filke and wooll, men
of inferior quality: next their skin, they weare fmocks of cotton, demi-
shirts in length, for colour refembling Scotch plad or Barbars aprons;
their breeches are like the Irish trooze,hoſe and ſtockings fow'd together:
the ſtocking falls not alwayes into their fhooes, from the anckle down
giving to the eye two inches naked: their fhooes are of good leather and
well fowed, but have no latchets ; and are of what colour you can fanfie:
they are commonly fharp at the toe, and turne upwards; the heeles are
high and ſmall, and fhod with iron, or nales ingrailed. And this I noted,
they do not fo much wed themſelves to thefe iron hemi-cycles for thrift
or eaſe, or lafting; (they feldome journey far, or gofwiftly) as to tread in
a venerable path of antiquity. A cuftome actuated by their forefathers,
and yet obferved; either in fymbolifing with their great Mahomet, whofe
ambitious Armes was a Crefcent, Diana; his Motto, Crefco: or elle bor
Gg 2
rowed
Their Habit
Page Missing
in Original
Volume
Page Missing
in Original
Volume
230
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
Common
women.
Coat Armor
of Perfia.
body the fight of them: theirGuardants are lean-fac't Eunuchs,who are fo
jealous of them, that as we travelled, 'twas the hazard of our lives not to
flie out of the way as foon as we faw them:or by throwing our felves upon
the ground to cover us with fome vaile or other, that the Eunuchs might
be fatisfied,we durft not view them. Thoſe of the order of Laisare more
fociable; have moft freedome and are not worſt efteemed of: No quefti
on (but to free themſelves from flaverie and rage of jealous husbands)
moft there would be whores by profeffion: but with them 'tis a calling
(firreverence) of too high dignitie for all to mount unto; thofe there-
fore that are fuch, are admitted after long fuit, many friends and much
moneys; none dare abuſe them: they are company for Kings and great
ones of Mahomets faction: go brave, and richly habilimented: their haire
carling, difhevells oft times about their ſhoulders, fometimes rounded or
plaited in a caule of gold: about their faces and under their chin is hung
arope of pearle of great value, if not counterfeit : their cheekes are of a
delicate dye, but Art (not Nature) caufes it: their nofes are fet with rings
and jewells of gold imbelifht with rich ſtones; their eares alſo have equall
luftre. To fhew they are fervants to dame Flora(in her dayes, a good one)
they illuſtrate their armes and hands, their leggs and feet, with painted
flowers and birds,and in a naked garb dance every limb about them a Per-
fian Antick, elaboratly making their bells and Cymballs and Timbrells
eccho their turnings. Their habit (not unlike themſelves) is loofe
and gaudie, reaching to their mid-leg; of cloth of gold, of fatten fome,
of tiffued ſtuffs or coftly inbroyderie. This wanton kind of creature is of
no religion, except what the laſt Monach of Affyria (whoſe Motto was
ede, bibe, lude,) preached to his Epicures. Thefe look dangerouſly, drink
and ftink (of perfumes I meane) horrible ftrongly; laugh immeafurably,
and covet greedily mens foules, moneys,and reputation; fcorning all ho-
neft women, and upbraiding them, with the Epethites of flaves, rejected,
unfociable, melancholy, and unworthie their speaking to: and it is true
at this day what Trogus Pomp.obferved long ago concerning them, Parthi
Vxoribus & fœminis non convivia tantum virorum, fed etiam confpectu
interdicebant &c.
Many other things give themſelves note-worthy. In Armes and Ar-
mories, fix therefore your next obfervation. The Perfian Armes of old
and at this day are fomewhat doubtfull. Zonaras in his first book and
nineteenth Chapter out of an ancient Monument obferveth,that the Per-
fians bore in old times, Lune, an Eagle crowned of the Sunne, difplayed
Saturn; continued for many difcents their royall Enfign, till Cyrus made
(as in the Empire, in Efcheucheon alfo) an alteration. Xenophon fhall
guide you to the view of it. Erat Cyro fignum aurea Aquila in longa hafta
Sufpenfa, & nunc etiam id infigne Perfarum Regibus manet, &c. borne till
Craffus perifht by them, at that time a Sagittarie being blazon'd in their
Royall Standard; alluding to their excellent skill in riding, and hope of
good fortune; from whence alfo that coyne of Dariques came (fifteene
fhillings of our money) a round peece of gold, Darius the common name
being ſtampt on one fide,a Sagittarie (his coat Armour) on the other fide,
memoriz'd by Plutark in the life of Agefilaus, complaining that his ambi-
tious
L1B. 2
231
the Perfian Empire.
f
tious defigne of Afia's conqueft was prevented by thirtie thouſand Sagit-
taries or Archers; meaning a bribe of fo many peeces of gold, which were
given to betray his enterprife. But when Mahomet had infnar'd their foules,
and yoakt their necks under Saracenic bondage, the other were rejected
as impertinent to this new conqueft, advancing as a Symbol of more ex-
cellencie and myſtery in their banner, Mercury, a Crefcent Luna with this
impreza Totum dum impleat orbem: alluding (both in bodie and foule) to
an univerfall command; but how unfitly and meanly borrowed by the
French may eaſily appeare to fuch as go to Fountain-b'lean, where this
heathen device is in every hall iterated. But Mahomets prediction failed
him, when that memorable Saint of Ardaveil, Gunet, both obliterated
many fundamentall texts of the Alcoran, and invented a new Enfigne in
honour of his fucceffors, viz. Venus, a Lyon couchant Sol, the Sun orient
in his face, of the fame : minted alfo in their braffe meddalls (and as a tye
of amity) accepted of by the great Mogull, and fome other Princes in In-
dya. The Cawns,Beglerbegs, Sultans, Agaes, Soldagars, and Cooſel-baſhes
indeed beare no Armes; not that they are intituled flaves, but from their
ignorance in pedegrees and heraldrie: and in regard no honour there is
hereditarie: but this I can fay truly; they are of very humane and noble
natures, civill, mercifull, and liberall; yea differ in their ingenuity and
love to any Gentleman (that is a ftranger) as much from the Turks and
their brazen barbarifm,as gold is in compariſon from iron : for the Perfians
diftinguiſh degrees amongst themſelves, and of other Nations honor
high birth and qualitie in any man, yea and give him refpect agreeable to
his meriting, without any inquirie of his religion. Let us go a little
further.
In old times they were Idolaters, fuch as the Gowers be now, the Per- The old Per-
fees afect in Indya, the Pegouans,&c.but by converſe with Greeks and Ro- fans.
mans aboliſht their celeftiall worship,and (as Strabo relates) received De-
monomanie, continued till Mahomet. The tranfparent Firmament they
called Iupiter, the primum mobile of other gods, him they feared: but
Apollo (the Sonne,or Mithra as they term'd him) they doated on, and de-
dicated to him many gallant Temples, attiring him with many Epethites
of honour, health and gentleneffe: a good opinion then, and not yet can-
celled;as yet memorizing his image in the ftamp and coat Armor of their
Emperours. The Moone no doubt had due refpe&t and adoration amongſt
them, ſuppoſing her eſpouſed to Apollo. Venus had equall reverence: the
Earth alfo, the Water, Ayre, and Fire, wanted not the names of Dieties,
eſpecially the Fire and Water. Zertooft their Law-giver (in imitation of
Mofes) charged them to keepe a perpetuall fire, not to bee fed with com-
mon cumbuſtibles, nor to be kindled or inflamed with prophane Ayre,but
fuch as came from the beames of that glorious eye of heaven the Sunne,
lightning, flints,or the like. The water alfo by no means was to be corrup-
ted with dead carkaffes,durt,urine, raggs, or what thewed fordiditie or na-
ftineffe. They loved images but indifferently; ufually actuating their ho-
ly rites, in groves, in mounts, and confpicuous places. Their marriages
were commonly celebrated in the fpring, fuch time as Phebus makes the
Equinoctium; the Bridegroome the first day juncketting on nothing
Lave
232
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
1
Of the Perfi-
ans at this
day.
Their fuper-
ftition.
Force.
fave apples and Camels marrow, a dyet proper for that dayes feftivall. Po-
ligamy they liked of, the King giving the example, and honouring them
with moſt applauſe and gratuities who prov'd Fathers of most children
They feldome faw their Infants till paft foure yeeres old, from which age
to twenty, they learnt to ride, fhoot, jaculate, and to ſpeak the truth; as
alfo, to fare meanely, lodge hard, to watch, to till the earth, and to bee
content with ſmall things. The old men went plaine; the young mens
habit was rich, but in nothing ſo notable as when their armes and legs were
fettered with voluntary lincks and chaines of burnifht gold, whoſe fulgor
they adored from its conformitie with the Sunne: in warre their attire
was ſteely or mailed work, curioufly concatenated, their breaft-plates
skald, their Targets of Oxe hides, large and round, their cap (or helmet)
was a Tyara of linen multiplicated; their Armes were darts,bowes,fwords,
and axes; all which in admirable equipage and order,through long practice
they could manage gallantly. Their meales (the great mens tables I in-
vite you to were fplendid in rich furniture & dishes of gold; but in meats,
verie ordinary, and fparing. Bacchus their countriman taught them the
Art of drunkenneffe (Noah fome imagine him, of whom a moderne wri-
ter fayes boldly. Omnia vero Bacchanalia eorumque ritus a Noa ebrietate
originėm habent, &c. followed greedily by theſe epedemic drunkards,
delighted in with no ſmall redundancie, infomuch that (like the Duch at
this day) no matter of moment paft currant and with applaufe fave what
relifht of Bacchiſme; yea, their frequent confultations and private bar-
gaines (we too much ape them) were rarely ratified, unleffe negotiated,
and confolidated in froath and drunkenneffe: Their complements were
heartie and not various ; to equalls, affoording imbraces; to fuperiours',
bowing the head and knee, to this houre continued without much al-
teration: the reft I offer not, this in my conceit fufficing to parallell
the moderne cuſtomes, and to ſet them off with better luftre.
The religion of the Perfians at this day, I have fitted by it felfe with-
out commixture. Speak wee of other obfervations. They are very
fuperftitious, it may be noted from our adverfe fortunes as we travelled;
for when wee ſtood at their mercy to provide us Mules, Camells, and
Horſes, how hafty foever we appeared, they took no notice of it, nor ca-
red to let us forward, except, by throwing the dyce fuch a chance hapned
as they thought fortunate;a ceremony diduced from theRomans who had
their albi & atri dies. In every miſchance alſo, or in ſickneſſe they uſe for-
cery, preſcribing charmes, croffe characters, letters, anticks, or the like,
taken moft commonly out of their Alcoran. Nicromantic ſtudies are
much applauded, as profound, and tranfcending vulgar capacities, many
in thoſe parts make a notable living of it: and few Siets there but can
exorcize.
In battell they have few tricks or ftratagems, yet profper in an honeſt
bravery. There are many feverall rancks and degrees amongst them:foure,
moſt remarkable ; Chawns, Coozel-baſhes, Agaes, and Cheliby or Coridſ-
chey. The Timarts or Turqmars are more defpicable.In a common muſter
the Perfian King can eaſily advance (as appeares by roll, and penfion,)
three hundred thousand horfe, and feventy thousand good mufquetoons,
fuch
C
LIB. 2
233
the Perfian Empire.
·
Such forces he can march withall, but feldome exceeds soooo. enough to Forces.
live together in fuch barren Countries: to particularize (as fome have
partly) the Sultans and their Command may better prove it. Mirza Fetta
has under his Regiment fiftie fub-Bafhaes of note, each of them com-
manding three hundred men. His horfe troopes are thus raiſed, Emangoly
Chan of Shyraz has under his charge 30000 horfe. Dav'd (hawn his bro-
ther; Kaza-can Lord of Sumachy, Affur-chawn Lord of Myreyvan, Zedder
Lord of the Kaddyes and Guferoft, Magar Sultan of Tabryz, each command
12000 horfe. Soffy-chan Sultan of Bagdat, Akmet Kawn Lord of Mifcar-
roon, Gufferaph-chawn Sultan of Room, Zenal-camu Lord of Tyroan, each
his charge of 15000 horfe. Ifaac-beg 24000, Ethaman the Vizier 17000.
Soffy Koolican 16000. Gofferat-chan Governour of Arabeftan, Perker-cawn
Lord of Gorgeftan, Huffan-chawn Lord of Ery, Manwezir-can and Sinall-
chawn Lord of Sigeftan 10000 each of them. Mahomet Governor of Genge
8000. Ham-fha-cawn of Dara 7000. Aliculi of Perifcow 4000. Morad of
Afharaffe 6000. Badur-can the Darragod 6000, and Dargagoly fonne
to Gange Ally.can Sultan of Candahor 4000: three hundred and twenty
thouſand horſe or there-about: wonderfull, when I confider the mife-
rable paſtures and want of other provant to encourage their horfes with,
making chopt ftraw and a little barley ferve the turne;but by that thin dyet
find them leffe apt to diſeaſes and more couragious.
I
Intpeace, they are not alwayes idle; folacing their active bodies in fun-
dry forts of warlike exerciſes. They cannot dance,except as Pirrhus taught Exercises.
the Epyrots. They love to hunt and chafe the Stagg, the Antilope, Gazal,
Tyger, Bore, Goat, Hare, Fox, Jackall, Woolfe, and the like, abounding
there. In which paftimes they have fingular skill, courage and dexterity;
in Bow, Dart,Scemiter,Gun,and Javelin. Their Harquebuz is longer than
ours, but thinner and not fo good for fervice. They can uſe that very well,
but deteft the trouble of the Cannon, and fuch field peeces as require car-
riage. They have good Greyhounds not unlike the Irish, apt to encoun-
ter any Lyon. They have Spaniells alfo but not fo good as their Hawkes
may challenge. They have many excellent Eyeries of Eagles, Lannars,
Gofhawkes, and Hobbies: their beft Falcons are out of Rusia and other
Scythick Provinces; they fly them at choife game; commonly at Hares,
Jackalls, Partrich, Phefant,Herne, Pellican, Poot,Eftrich,&c. Their Lures,
Jeffes,Varvills, & Hoods, are richly ſet with ftones of great price & luftre.
The vulgar fort delight in Morice dancing, wraftling, affaulting,bandying,
Ram and Cock-fighting; wherein they spend much time: but value not
their money to fee Boyes dance,or Lavoltoes upon the rope,wherein they
are very excellent.
Their Phyfitians are great admirers of Nature, and doat ſo much there-
upon, that they make that oft-times the firft caufer which indeed is but in-
Atrumentall or fecundarie: morall men they are, and humane in language
and garbe, both which beget efteeme and honor from all that know them:
and did not avarice (a vice predominating there, and by occafion of fick-
neffe in me full dearly exemplified) and Magick ftudies too far (way them,
I could value them above the reft; however as they are, they paffe for a
generation uſefull and exquifite. They have degrees tranfcending one
Hh
another
Phyſicians.
234
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
Lame cal-
culations.
!
another in Title, as their skill and Seniority merits. The Doctors are
nam'd Hackeems (it may be radically from the Hebrew word Hachajim,
that is, a life-preferver) Mulaii in the Arabick. Mountebanks or Im-
pofters are nick-nam'd Shitan-Tabib, ie. the Devills Chirurgion. They
are Maſters of much knowledge and ignore not the Mathematiques. Many
Arabick Writers have flouriſht in thoſe parts, moſt of whofe Bookes they
read and practiſe by, namely Galen, Averroys, Hippocrates, Alfarabius, Avy-
cenna, Ben Isaack, Abu-Ally, Mahuumed- Abdille, Ben-Eladib, Ahu becr,
Rhazis, Algazzallys',and Albumazar. In Geography Abul-foeda and Alphra-
ganus, from whom they better their diſcourſe, and by fuch Lectures be-
come admirable. Nor want they the knowledge of herbs,drugs, and gums,
the Mydan in Spahawn abounding in fingular variety, and than which, no
place in the world can more aptly be termed a Panacæa, a Catholicon, of
herbs, of drugs; a Magazein 'gainſt all diſeaſes: having alſo no leffe choice
of delicious fruits, rare gums and aromatique odours. This I obſerved,that
to fuch of us as had fluxes they gave Slocs, Ryce, Cynomon, Pomgranad,
Barbaries; to purge melancholy, Alloës, Senna, Rhuparb; for phlegme
Turbith;for colds & fweatings,oyles of Beaver, of Leopards, of Jackalls,
herba maris, our Ladies Rofe,&c. Which I note to fhew you they have
fome skill and reſembling European prefcriptions. Howbeit, fweating
in Sudatories is the Epidemic Phyfick there, moft us'd, of leaft charge and
very uſefull; infomuch that fome Cities have above threescore hummums
or baths: fome fay three hundred. Phlebotomy is but little us'd; not
that it is bad, not perhaps becauſe Gales and the other old Naturalifts ne-
ver us'd it.
They defire rather to tread in an antick path of ignorance, then by any
new invention or wholfome ftudy to wrong the judgements of their pre-
diceffors: becauſe forfooth Eventus varios res nova femper habet. And
hence it is (as I imagine) that they continue their maimed calculations,
out of a blind conceit that antiquity commanded them; for they compute
their yeares only by the Moone,not by that courfe and motion of the Sun;
affirming, that the firmament or eighth heaven finishes its revolution in
two and thirty yeares; which is falfe: his diurnall motion from Eaſt to
Weft compleating it felfe in fcure and twentie houres; his other from
Weft to Eaſt, but one degree in a hundred yeares; ſuch is the violence of
the firft mover. Notwithſtanding, it may be they meane the heaven of
Saturne adjoyning it, (whoſe revolucion comes neere their time)finiſhing
its journey from Weft to Eaft in 30 yeares. And thus, their Lunarie ac-
count is fubject to no fmall errour, reckning from the Autumnall Equi-
nox 12 Moones, the number of dayes in a whole yeare 353. Our Solar
computation exceeding theirs twelve day es at leaſt, every yeare; where-
by it comes to paffe, that 30 of our yeares make 31 of theirs; whence, the
difference arifes 'twixt us and them in their Æra or Hegyrath, and doubt-
leffe by protract, will caufe much more confufion.
Such as practiſe manufactures, are meanly reputed of; but they live oft
Inferior fort times verie plentifully and more fecurely from the jealous eye of the King
of Perfians. than doe many great ones, who oft deceive their thoughts that they are
happier. Of all others the Pefants are moſt miſerable; they can call no-
thing
LIB. 2
235
the Perfian Empire.
thing their owne, fuch is the rapine and pride of the great Begs of the
Country; nay, every petrie Cofel-bafh dares domineere over them. Yet
upon too much abuſe the Caufee will yeeld them favourable juſtice.
Generally, the Perfians are facetious, harmleffe in difcourfe, not very
inquifitive of exotique alterations, feldome tranfgreffing this demand, if Difpofition,
fuch and fuch a Country have good wine, faire women, fwift horfes, and
ſharp weapons: chooſing rather to fatten themſelves by a contented No.
tion, than by curious inquifition to perplex their other recreations. Few
of them know how to read, Bellona trayning them up in iron dances; but
honour fuch as have it: the Church-men, Clerks, and Santos, attracting
them. Some skill they have in Mufick; the Dorick and Phrygick, a foft
and loftie fort of Confort. But above all, Poetry lulls them, that Genius
feeming properly to delight it felfe amongst them. Mimographers I needs
muft call them, their common Ballads refounding out the acts of Mars and
his Miftreffe, to which two Saints they vow their life and beft devotion :
Elgazzuly, Ibnul Farid, and Elfargani firſt taught it them: and how lame fo
ere the verfes are, their gracefull chanting and quavering (after the French
ayre) gives it to the eare, found and harmonious. And, albeit the men af-
fect not to dance themſelves, yet dancing is much efteemed there: the
Ganimeds and Layefians(wanton Boyes and Girles) foot it moſt admirably
and in order: I may call them Mymallonian dances; the bells, braffe ar-
molets,filver fetters,and the like recording Bacchus. They are in this pra-
atife fo elaborate, that each limb and member feemes to emulate, yea, to
contend who may expreffe the moſt taking motion; their hands, eyes,
bums, gefticulating feverally,fwimming round, & coforming themſelves to
a Dorique ftilneffe,the Ganimeds with incanting voices & extorted bodies
fimpathizing;nothing but poefie,mirth,wine,&admiration condominating.
But were this all, 'twere more excufable; for (though each has his feve-
Tall Seralio) thefe whores feldome goe without their wages and in a
higher degree of perfect bafeneffe, thefe Pæderafts (by Hellish permiffion
and the Alcurran) affect thofe painted, antick roab'd Youths or Cata-
mites in a Sodomitic way (not till then compleating the Roman proverb
Perficos odi Puer apparatus;) a vice ſo deteftable, ſo damnable, ſo unnaturall
as forces hell to fhew its uglineffe before its ſeaſon. Heare St.Chryfoftom &
Cogitato, quam grave illud fit peccatum, ut quod ipfam Gehennam etiam ante
tempus apparere coegerat !
The honeft women never fhew their faces, eclipfing (by a large white
fheet, the note of innocence and chaftneffe, which wholy vailes them
thofe Beauties which no doubt are not without fplendour. No man da-
ring to praiſe anothers wife; fuch is their irefull jealoufie, and fuch praiſe
commonly diſhonours them.
A word of their circumcifion, wedding and burialls: Circumcifion is fo Circum=
neceffarie,that without it none can call himſelfe a Muffulman. Both men cifion,
and women uſe it; the men for Paradiſe, the women for honours fake,
or Ben-fidi-Ally lyes who fo paraphrafes of it: from nine to fifteen the Fe-
males may; the Males at Izmaels age (whom they imagine was Abrahams
beſt beloved) are enjoyned it; ere twelve hoping he may be able to fpeake
his Profeffion. Afee is to be paid amid the ceremonie, for want of which,
Hh a
the
236
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
Circum-
cifion
the poorer fort are feldome cut, as thought unfit to goe to Mahumet. The
ceremonie differs, as is the difference of their degree,acted either at home
or in the Mofques: iffonne to a Mirza, Chawn, Sultan, or ('belaby, it has
more pomp than ordinarie; his kindred and friends in braverie and great
troups affembling at the parents houfe; as a fymbol of their joy preſenting
him with many gifts of fundry prices, and after ſmall ſtay mount the Boy
upon a rich trapt Courfer,himselfe gallantly vefted,holding in's right hand
a (word, in's left his bridle : two Slaves goe on either fide, one holding a
Lance, th'other a Flambeaux; neither without their Allegories: mufick is
not wanting, it goes before, the Father next, and as they are in blood the
other follow in a juft dependance; the reft promiscuoufly, without order:
the Hodgy attends them at th'entrance into their Mofque, helps him to
alight and hallows him. To work they ftraightway goe: one holds his
knee; afecond, difroabs him; a third, holds his hands; others by fome
triviall conceit ſtrive to win his thoughts, to extenuate his infuing tor-
ment. The Prieſt (having muttered his orizons) dilates the præpuce and in
a trice (with his filver (ciffers) circumciſes him, applies a healing powder
of falt, Date-ſtones, and cotton-wooll; the ſtanders by to joy his initia-
tion into Mawmetry throw downe their Munera Natalitia, and ſalute him
by that canonick name of Muſulman. If the ceremonie be at home,they
then provide a folemne banquer; ere which be done, the Boy enters well
attended, is uncloath'd afore them all and circumciz'd; and in comme-
moration of fuch a benefit (imitating Abraham when Ifaac was weaned)
continue a feaſt three dayes together; at the end whereof, the child is led
about in ftate, bath'd and purg'd from all forts of finnes; has a Turbant of
white filk put on his head, and all the way as hee returnes is faluted with
acclamations. But fuch an apoftat raſcall as to fwill in luxurie the more,
or to roabe himſelve; with fome title or advancement (forgetting that
for a bafe and momentanie applaufe or pleaſure they difroabe their foule
of everlaſting happineffe, fuch as runnes paralell with the lines of Eter-
nitie) are brought before the Caddi, who upon his affent leads him into
the Mofq' and without much ſtirre is cut and marked for a Mahomitan
(or child of perdition;) which done, that devill incarnate to witneffe his
rebellion, fpurnes with his accurfed feet the Croffe, the hyerogliphick of
our falvation: which in the primitive and pureft age was of fuch honour
amongſt the Chriftians, as not only they uſed it in baptiſme, but
their foreheads to defpight the Jewes and Heathens, and to glory in that
thing the more, they fo branded them with as a calumnie. I hate fuper-
ftition in my heart, but that ſo holy an example fhould be derided is mi-
ferable and to be pittied. To returne; the Renegado in token of more
defiance fpets thrice at it (making him beleeve, Chrift never fuffered, but
Indas did) and then is to exult in this Battalogue La la, La-illah, Hyllulla,
Allough, aybyr, Mahumed reful Allough: God is firft, and next him is Ma-
humet; he then elates his finger as denying a Trinity, and three Mufful-
men dart three ftaves three times towards heaven, which ere any touch
the ground hee is new-named, then led flowly upon an Affe about the
Citie, that every one there may note him for a Denizin, a Beleever and
Profelite to Mahumet. But (praiſed be God) I never heard of any Euro-
upon
pran
L1B. 2
237
the Perfian Empire.
1
pæan Chriſtian who of late times renyed his Faith in Perfis.
Their weddings have not much variety to dwell upon; obferve there- Marriages,
fore that Poli-gamie is tolerable; Mahomet to excufe his owne infirmity,
and borrowing it from the Romans, honours fuch moft as have moſt
wives, and beget moft children: to furnish the Emperour with foaldiers
for defence, Paradize with Saints, and to refound the meritorious praifes
of great Mahomet: the Deruiffe an order of begging Frier excepted, who
from a tranfcendent conceit of their owne purity, abhor matrimony, but
fuppofe Sodomy and Natures blackeft villanies no finne, or fins pardona-
ble; producing Mahomet their prototype or example, who both by pre-
cept and cuftome warranted it but I have tyed your chaft eares too long
to ſo impure a fubje&t. Such therefore as dare wed (they need not feare
in Afia, the women in thoſe parts never predominate) they provide a fum
of mony and buy her good-will, her parents being no further charged than
to bathe and purifie her. They marry more from report than knowledge,
the friends of either party commonly commending, perfwading, and ef-
fecting it. The day appointed being come, the Bride is vailed with a fine
lawne of callico, her armes and hands are only naked: they mount her
bravely, and a great troop of friends and kin accompany her to Church,
in the mid-way being met with an equall number of friends, all together
agrandizing the ceremonie; after a joynt affent of him and her,they alight
and enter the Mofque, where the Muley takes the proteft of their good
liking, fhe demanding three things (as did the Jewish women of old,) bed-
right, food, and cloathing: their athers Falſo ſpeak themſelves conten-
ted, the Prieft circles them with a facred cord, conjoynes their hands,
takes a reciprocall oath, and calls Mahomet to witneffe: the Caddy inrolls
their names, the houre, day, month, and yeere of their nuptialls, and with
an Euge difmiffes them. The firft day vapors away in Tobacco, feafts, and
other ordinary feaftivalls, the men and women being fevered: at night,
the Bride enters a ſtove,and is foundly wafht and perfum'd,that her degree
may the better appeare, and her perfon be more accepted of: next night
they bathe together, and feven dayes after; in which time if hee difcover
her to be no Virgin, he is return'd to her parents with no fmall diſhonour;
otherwife is kept till death part them. The Alcoran allowes incestuous
mariages, pretending that thereby true love is better contracted, and lon-
ger conferved in families: in cafe alfo the man be weary of her,or that the
is barren, he acquaints the Mulay with his diftemper, who eaſes him upon
his giving her a dowry; after which, it may be hee will require her againe,
and if the agree, are fecondly married; yea, five, fix, feven times rejecting
and revoking, as hate or luft can ftimulate: by that diſorder, love vanifh-
ing, jealoufie budding, rage advancing, clamours roaring; and by which,
many times the Fathers neither know their own Children, nor they their
parents
Their Burialls revive fome ceremonies of old, us'd amongft Jewes and
Gentiles: At his farewell to the world, the next of kin clofes his eyes,
as did Iofeph in the 46 of Genefis: and Telemacher in Ovid, Ille meos ocu-
los comprimat, ille tuos: they then wash him with cleane water (as was
Tabitha, Acts 9.)and carrie him to his grave with admirable filence,a gefture
well-
Burials.
f
238
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
alls.
well-becomming Funeralls; they lodge the Carcaffe where none lay for.
merly: fuppofing it a vile part to disturb the dead, whom in the grave they
think fenfible of torment: they place his head towards Medyna and (after
the old mode, feptem ad Lucum, feptem ad convivium) for feven dayes,his
next of kinne watches to keep the evill Angell from his Tomb; during
which,he inceffantly warbles out his Elegiac Threnodies,as the laft expref-
Other buri- fion of love he can fhew him. Others are thus buried: In the firft place,
go thofe of his own blood and family, next them his flaves and other do-
meſtic varlets naked to their waift, the reft in troozes: who to expreffe
their zeale the better, burne and fcratch their armes and breafts, cutting
their flesh, and printing circles, (a trick borrowed from the rebellious
Jewes, and prohibited by Moſes. Levit. 19.28. and in Deut. 14, 1.) fo ef-
fectually that the blood trickles out in many places. Next them are ranckt
fifty young Gallants, whoſe ſhoulders are made to beare ſome texts taken
out of the Alcoran; mixing with them fele&ted Eulogies which they fing
and ingeminate. Next thefe, follow a hundred or two hundred men of
note, each holding the cord that drawes the Corps or Hearfe; on every
fide throng the multitude;fome bearing in their hands Lawrel or Cypreffe
boughs, others Coronets of flowers,fruits, or what beft befits the ſeaſon:
fome ſemi-naked horfemen play along, and oft times to demonftrate their
love, ſpare not to wound themſelves: and in the laft place go the Prefica
or women hyred to weep, to howle, to teare their periwiggs, to fmell
to onyons (hinc ille Lacryme) and to do fuch impoftures as did the antick
Romans noted in Livy; and Jewes as Ieremy ſpeaks, 9. 17. In this Decorum
they march flowly, and with great filence: but at his Dormitory ululate
Lala-Hillulla,there uncloathing,and mundifying the carcaffe,his fins there-
by alſo vanishing :they anoynt him with odours and pretious unguents, and
fo wrapt in fine linnen they burie him in the earth, and place his head
towards Arabia; his face looking up to heauen (I note it in regard they
put the other fex, their faces downwards,) his armes (pread, as prepar'd to
imbrace Mahomet: above him,they fix two ftones,at's head and feet;which
in Arabiq' characters ingrav'd and colour'd, denotates his name, quality,
religion, and time of buriall: there they leave him, but give not over
twice every day to come and fing his Requiem,befeeching Mahomet to fuc-
cour him againſt his bad Angells, of whom they nourish this opinion. That
ſo foone as any Muffulman is inhumed, forthwith Muengar and Quarequar
Legend of two ougly, huge,black, and furious Devills do affaile him ; the one being
bad Angells. arm'd with an iron club, th'other with a hook of flaming traffe: in that
terrible fort they view the Carcaffe,and in as imperious fort command him
to lift up his head, to fall proftrate upon his knees, and beg his foule, till
then departed: the dead bodie revives and entertaines his foule again, and
faile not both together to accompt their life, and how they have profeft
Don Mahomet : If it appeare his life was morally good,the two Devills ter
ribly affrighted flie away and give way to two good Angels (apparreled in
pure white filke) to comfort him; to the day of doome not budging from
him, nor feeming wearie nor unwilling to protect him. But in caſe
his life prov'd bad or repugnant to Mahometry; then without all pit-
ty or refpe&, the black-fact Caco-Demon with the iron club hits him fo
.".
pat,
LIB. 2
239
the Perfian Empire.
pat, fo fiercely on the head, as by its fury and force thumps him ten yards
deep into the ground: but there hee fleepes not long; for immediatly
the other ſpitefull helhound with the flaming hook pulls him up againe:
in that horrid fort tormenting that miferable Mahomitan, till Mahomet
calls a generall Parliament; where, in one place of his Alcoran hee pro-
miſes to fave them all, but in another (forgetting his promiſe it ſeemes)
appoints them all to paffe over a narrow Bridge (he calls it the Bridge of
judgement) each man carrying his finnes in a bagg behinde him; but in
paffing over, fuch as have heavie loads, the bridge breaks, and they all
fall into hell; fuch as have leffe weight, into purgatory, &c. as I fhall di-
ſport you with in his Alcoran.
The Perfians at this day, when ere they receive a mandat or other Reverence
letter from the King or wherein his name is uſed, give it no fmall reve- to their
rence; they bow their bodies at the receiving it,kiffe it in divers places, & King.
then open it: Such is their tranfcendent opinion of his Majefty, that they
repute no leffe of him, than of old times they did of their Elementall
Gods; they fwear ufually by his name,sha-ambashy or Serry-fhaw i.e. by the
Kings head, and is of no leffe force to beget beleife than if they ratified
a truth by Serry-Mortif-Ally, i.e. Mortis Alli's head, a Prophet than whom
they think non greater:or by putting a finger to their eye,and faying chafh,
the King fees; then (though the ſtory bee never fo paradoxicall) if you
pleafe, you may beleeve them: yea, in moft conceits they parallell Abbas
with Mahomet; in every prayer defiring his content and increaſe of life,
though by the loffe of theirs it were augmented:
De noftris annis tibi Iupiter augeat annos;
By loffe of ours, the Gods increaſe your life.
acknowledging their happineffe from him, and entitling (not without
much pride too) their lives, wives, and eſtates, by him wholly to be difpo
fedot: they imagine hee knowes their thoughts; and when in his pre-
fence, never ſpeak, cough, fpit, or looke upon him, leaft the fulgor of his
aſpect might peradventure prove no leffe formidable than the Trifulk of
Jupiter: they regifter (now, as of old) his acts and apophthegms, in Cx-
dar Tablets, gum'd with Cynabre, and feldome write his name but in
charactars of gold, upon paper of excellent gloffe and fineneffe, varied in-
to azure, vermillion, yellow, and other colours; in a word reputing him
the true reprefentator of Ally and his glorie, whofe perfections they com-
pare to Amber, Nutmegs, Rofes, Flowers, and Ódours; Animata Dei
Image in terris, and (with Homer) The beft beloved fonne of love.
We were yet abroad; now let me entertaine you in their houfes, the
coftwhat ere it be, you shall be welcome to; if it agree not with your ap-
petite I cannot help it,the countrie will afford no better: firft fatiate your
eyes, and note their furniture, and remember that brave man who by
Aleydes foot found out his monftrous big dimenfion. A pan, a platter, and
a carpet is the epitome of all their domeftic utenfills: their dyet is foone Dyet,
dreft, foone eaten, foone digefted, and foone deſcribed: their table is the
folid ground, cover'd with fome fort of carpet, over which they fpread
pintado cloths; afore each man they lay five or fix thin cakes of wheat,or
pancakes: every one his fpoone alfo, very memorable woodden fpoones;
their
5
240
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
Rice.
their handles being well-nigh a yard long, the ſpoone it felfe fo vaft,as my
mouth could ſeldome mafter it,though I gaped extreamly to welcome it:
they ſeldome go beyond Pelo, but in that diſh expreffe they think a wit-
tie invention, ſetting before you fortie dishes, call'd by fortie names as
Pelo, Chelo, Kifhmy-pelo, &c. albeit indeed it differ but thus, all are of
ryce, mutton,and hens boyl'd together; fome have butter, fome have none;
fome have fruit,fome have none;fome have turmerack & faffron,fome have
none;ſome have onyons and garlick, fome have none; fome have almonds
and raifins, fome have none; and fo ad infinitum: making us alfo beleeve
they make us gallant cheere and great varietie, though the ingredients
bee one, diffring only in colour or complement; fome comming to the
Table as black as a coale, fome as white as a curd; others (that you may
know their Cooks are wittie) be yellow, greene, blew, red, or as they fan-
cie: and wot you forfooth why Rice is fo generally eaten & fo valuable?
not that it exceeds wheat or other graine in goodneffe, fineneffe, round-
neffe or the like; but from a moſt reverent tradition delivered by their
grand Annalift Tacob-ben-fiet. Ally, a right Cabalift. And this it is? On a
Legend of time, Mahomet being earneft in his prayers was accidentally conveighed
into Paradize, where being very earneft in beholding its rare varieties, at
length hee caft his eyes upon the glorious Throne of the Almighty; and
(perceiving the Lord to turne about) fearing he ſhould bee feverely whipt
for fuch prefumption, bluſhes for ſhame, and ſweats with terror; but loth
to have it feene, wipes off his brow the pretious fweat with his firft finger,
and threw it out of Paradiſe : it was not loft, for, forthwith dividing it.
felfe into fix drops, all of them became miraculous creatures: the firſt
drop became a fragrant Rofe (therefore is rofe-water fo much ufed there,
and in honor of the Rofe an Annuall feaſt folemnized:) the ſecond,a grain
of Ryce, (a holy graine:) the other foure, foure famous Doctors, who(ha-
ving Pallas for their fifter) helpt Mahomet to compile his holy Alcoran.
You have not tafted all yet; fallads,acharrs, and hard egs, parti-coloured;
and therefore hard,that their ftomack be not too foone emptied: the mut-
ton there is ſweet, but fat only in the taile, the weight commonly pon-
derizing above twentie pounds, fometimes the Carcaffe: Camell, Goat,
and Pheaſant are alſo manducable; the countrie yeelds, the Law allowes
it: contrary to Beefe, Veale, Swines.flefh, Hare,& Buffols, prohibited by
Mahomet, either to collogue with Jewes, or that his owne pallat detefted
them. Camells fleſh they fell commonly in the Buzzars roafted upon fcu-
ets or cut in mammocks and carbonadode, three or foure fpits valuing two
pence. Bad paftery men they are, they put a lamb whole into a kinde of
oven, and take it out as black as a cole; they fay (I dare not ſecond it) it
tafts curiouſly; it may bee fo, but I feare fcarce well: well it may bee to a
famiſht martialiſt, not fo in banquets. The poore are not fo voluptuous:
they content themſelves with drie ryce, herbs, roots, fruit, lentills, and a
meat refembling thlummery: Dates alfo preferved in firrup commixt with
butter-milk,is pretious food and phyficall. But, to memorize their Cheeſe
and Butter will make your mouths water at it; I ironize: in good earneſt
the cheeſe is the worst any ever tafted of, both that it wants Art and ma-
terialls: tis drie, and blew, and hard, ill to the eye, bad to the tafte,
naught
LIB. 2
241
the Perfian Empire.
Drink.
naught for digeſtion; of an unfaporie tafte, rough, and in a month fhewes
no moyfture: the worft is towards the Gulph; the beft in Mozendram;
neither of them praife worthie. Will you taste their butter? firft,inquire
how they make it: I enquired of fome there, they ſay they fometimes take Buttcr.
what is generated in the Gufpans (or fheeps tailes) it faves them chur-
ning: others, boyle the cream foundly in a raw skin'd leather-bag, full of
hayres and unfalted: this fort will keep freſh (ſweet I ſay not) fix months,
in that poynt commendable; but when wee drew our knives thorow it,
a thouſand fluts haires were then diſcovered, therein abominable; yet
they commend it, we no way condifcended: their liquour may perhaps
better delight you; tis faire water, fugar, rofe-water, and juyce of Le-
mons mixt, call'd Sherbets or Zerber, wholſome and potable: they drink
wine (coloured like a pale Claret,) Arac or Aquavite, Tobacco, (fuckt
through water (that it inebriate not) by long canes or pipes iffuing from a
round veffell,) and above all the reft,Coho or Copha : by Turk and Arab
calld Caphe and Cahua: a drink imitating that in the Stigian lake, black,
thick, and bitter; deftrain'd from Bunchy, Bunnu, or Bay berries; whol-
fome they ſay, if hot, for it expells melancholy, purges choler, begets
mirth, and an excellent concoction; but not fo much regarded for thoſe
good properties,as from a Romance that it was invented & brew'd by Ga-
briel what Gab.we defpute not of) to reſtore the decayed radical moyfture
of kind hearted Mahomet; who (as he ſpeaks himſelfe to his inimitable glo-
ry) never drunk it, but immediatly by vertue thereof made it a matter of
nothing to unhorſe forty men, and in Venus Camp (with more than a
Herculean fortitude) to bring under forty women. Opium ( the juyce of
Poppie) is of epidemick uſe there alſo, good if taken moderatly; bad
nay mortall if beyond meaſure; they chaw it much, it helps catarrhs,
cowardiſe, and the epilepfie; ftrengthens Venus, and which is admirable,
the Foot-pofts by continuall chawing it, runne fleeping day and night in
a conftant dreame or giddineffe, feeing, but not knowing whom they
meet, though well acquainted,and miffe not their intended places; by a
ftrange efficacie expulfing the tedious thoughts of travell, and rarely de-
ceiving the poore body of its feaſonable reft and lodging. I have devi-
ated, this was difcourfe at dinner, not yet ended. They commonly eat
in earth or porceline, not valuing filver (the King by fuch an Article of Meales.
of their Faith, the neatlier attracting it to his own Table;) they have an-
other reafon (very ridiculous,) that Mahomet at his ftealing into hell difco-
vered the Devills at dinner, and ferved in filver, earthen ware was holier,
and therefore better for all kind of Muffulmen. In feeding they ufe not
knives, nor count they it luckie to imploy but one finger or two, three
or foure is injoyned them from tradition. Nor do they cut their bread
but break or rend it: equally ficticious; the ftorie lying thus; that Ozman
in his parody affures them, The Devil(Shitan they call him )ever diets ſo:
a palinody they might fing, knew they how Ozman borrow'd it from the
Jewes, who ever us'd to break their bread; and from Xenophon, in his
defcription of the Perfians:but they owe all to miracle,deriding Hiſtorie.
At meales they are the merrieft men that may be: no people in the
world have better ftomacks, drinke more, or more affect voracity: yet
I i
are
,
ľ
24.2
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
1
Complement
Drink.
Feafts.
Crownere-
venue.
are harmleſly merry ; a mixture of meat, and drink, and mirth, excellently
becomming them:
Qui cauit arte canit, qul bibit arte bibat :
and then are joviall in a high degree, when women (Curtezans I meane,
cuſtome anticipaces the honeſt ſort) accompany them. They admire their
breeding (to us they feemed barbarous;)efpecially when in an exact com-
plement, out of fquallid wantonneffe they would overcharge their wide
mouthes with pelo or other meat,and by an affected laughter take occafion
to exonerate their chaps, and throw the overplus into the diſh againe
whence firft they had it; and as a fymbol of intire good will(fir reverence)
offer you,to eat what they had chewed formerly: to make an end, having
foak't their huffinees or water baggs, the wine bottles are then emptied;
they fit long and drink foundly, condemning that precept in the Alcoran
as an idle toy,a lie invented by Ofman That it is Giants blood, yea, of thoſe
we call Theomachi, or who fought againſt the Gods; the Turks forbeare to
drink it from that prohibition: the Perfians laugh them to fcorne, and by
this have brought them to a favourable opinion of grapes and wine. But
the Perfians in this are commendable; they never quarellin their cups,
yet fuch ufually irritates: nor compell they any to fit longer than hee
pleaſe (arifing without any excufe,) nor drink they one unto another; a
prejudicat conceit tis in any man to think all brains alike in fuch more than
beaſtly exerciſes ; a baſe cuſtome, too much abus'd in this Age of corrup-
tion; forgetting that Minos an old Heathen ftrictly forbad it the Cre-
tans, as Plato warrants in his Dialogues. But thefe, compar'd with thoſe
of old are without refemblance. Thefe are homely, thofe full of exceffe
and braverie. Dyon and Ctefias affure us that in old times the Perfian Mo-
narchs made many feafts, & ufually invited fifteen thouſand men ; in every
entertainment expending foure hundred Talents, amounting in our mo-
ney to two hundred and forty thouſand crownes: at private feaſts when
forty or fifty were received and no more (as Ephipius Olynthius records,)
each fupper ftood him in a hundred Mynaes of gold, each mina or dina, in
our money valuing fix and twenty fhillings and eight pence: pretty in that
juvenility of time (for we fay plures opes nunc funt,&c) yet credible when
we confider the vaſt revenue of the Perfian Empire in thoſe dayes extract-
ing Tribute from many Nations; For, what accrued out of thofe twentie
Provinces, was not leffe than forty thouſand and five hundred Attique or
Euboick Talents, in our fummes forty hundred thousand crowns or there
abouts:therfore might they eaſily laviſh out fuch prodigious expences.Out
of Indya alío they yearely received three hundred and threefcore Talents
of gold. The crowne revenue at this day is little leffe, (albeit the jurif
diction royall be not halfe ſo ſpatious) and amounts to mighty fummes: Ta-
hamas Anno Dom.1560 received eight millions of crownes, gathered from
fifty Sultans who farm'd his in-comes; befides an annuall prefent or tribute
of 20000 crownes Leventhibeg a Georgian Prince,never fail'd to fend him:
and 12000 horſe the Curdyes 'twixt the two Seas alfo eafed him of pay-
ment: and Abbas at this day from filk, tribute,and exactions,receives yeare-
ly above nine millions: foureteene millions and 280000 florins fome ſay,
357000 Tomans in Perfian money, in ours 1190000 pound iterlin: And
though
糙
​LIB. 2
243
the Perfian Empire.
•
though the ground (by a continued flaming of the Sun)be barren in graffe,
trees, or the like, yet it hinders not that her womb is rich and uberous: for
beſides her ſtore of rareft marble, the earth from her concave boſome,oft-
times diſcovers many rich mineralls and ftones of luftre, Jacynths, Jafper, Myneralis.
Chryfolites, Onix, Turquoifes, Serpentine, and Granats: the Pezars and
Pearles (than which no part of the whole world has better) alfo no leffe
valuable. Of old,the Perfian hills have been famouſed for Mynes of gold.
Plautus in Sticho remembers it,
The Perfian hills he may deferve to hold
Which (if the proverb lie not) are of gold.
and Varro alluding to their tempting excellencies, thus ;
The Perſian mountaines nor the Lydian ſtate
Our mindes from care or zeale can feperate.
Mercat Perfarum montes, qui
effe aurei perhibentur,&c.
Non demunt animis curas ac religiones
Perfarum montes, non divitis atria Crœfi:
But whether they have any now or no I know not. Thus having done
with this of old; record we the coynes at this day uſed: the Abbaffee is in Coynest
our money fixteene pence; Larree ten pence; Mamoodee eight pence;
Shahee foure pence; Saddee two pence; Biftee two pence; double Coz-
beg one penny ;fingle Cozbeg one halfe penny; Fluces are ten to a Coz-
beg: the gold coynes are Sultanyes,Duraes,&c. but few feene; all but the
Cozbegs and Fluces being pure filver, the other braffe,and currant all o're
his Monarchy.
I have elfe-where defcribed the buildings in Perfia: a word of their beds Beds.
and other cuſtomes, Their beds are generally, Cotts of two foot height,
or foure poſts ſtrengthened with girth web; a fhagg or yopangee atop; of
double ufe, ferving as an Vmbrella abroad, at home a Coverlet: in Sum-
mer their Slaves attend about them; fome to waft and to beget coole ayre,
others to ſcare away the Gnats and fuch like buzzing vermin.
The men account it no fmall fhame to urine ftanding, but call fuch dogs
rather than Muffulmen; we beleeve them: they mundifie their genitors
after it, and to that end have Slaves every where attending them with
Ewers of filver to cleanſe pollution: they hate to fee men walk: fuch they
think madja madder thing to ſee them ride tho not a ftones-caft journey.
Their horfes are of the Arabian breed, bodied like Jenners, but farre Horfes.
more ſwift and couragious: they curb their fierie mettall with fharp cut-
ting bitts, a ring of iron alfo helping them; their bridles are long and ſtud-
ded with gold: of fuch mettall are their pummells and ſtirrops; their
faddles are uſually of velvet; high & clofe,like the Morocco fort:the trees
are curiouſly painted: thofe they borrow from the Tartar, are hard, and
fmall, and clofe; fure, but not fo eafie. They are generally fat and in good
liking, albeit their fare be meane and flender; a little bagg fill'd with bar.
ley and chopt ſtraw hung about their heads, is both livery and manger;
they ſtrictly tie them to a proportion, more or leffe breeding death or dif
cafes. The Mules are no leffe valuable; of better ſervice where the paffage
is fandy, defart or mountanous. Men ufe Horſes and Affes to ride upon;
Ii 2
women
i
244
LIB. 2
The Perfian Alphabet.
1
women never, but upon Camells; every Camell loaded with two Cages
(or Cajuaes as they call them) holds two women; of wood, coverd with
fcarlet commonly, low, and not fuffering them to ftand upright, but leffe
grievous in that for moft part all forts fit, & cannot endure long ſtanding:
when any mans Haram travels, they are guarded with leane-fac't Eunuchs
without weapons to offend women, but arm'd with bowes & fwords to de-
fend the againſt any bold or curious oppofer: upon fight of any of them, all
travellers fly out of the way, albeit they be the best men in Perfia; to make
good the custom,and to prevent fuch miſchiefe as jealoufie drawes too oft
along with it, enflaming there as quickly as in any other part of Afia:where
we will finiſh our domeftick view; and turne our eyes upon other objects:
their Language firft; next, their Religion; and (as a farewell) end all in
a compendium of her Emperors.
I will offer you their Alphabet, writ in their owne Character: to which
if I add (omwhat of their prefent Language, it may both fhew thee the af-
finity it has with the Saxon in many words (for from the Sace a people
neere Mount Taurus they borrow both Name and Defcent ;) and perad-
venture benefit the future Traveller.
Aleph. bea.tea.sea Jean.hea, chea, taul.zaul-rea.zea.zcan ſheen.saut.zand :
اب
ب ت ث ج ح خ در در زبس شیر میں جن دار فرع غ ف ق کلام با
ctea zeea. ime kine. phea. caufe. coffe. Lom. incam. nuen.wow. hea.
ت ولا ي
| Loomcalephloy, yea.
وه .
8.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4
۰۱۰۹۸۷۶۵۴ ۳۲۱
6 5 4 3 21
4
نشه خیار
2
77
کی مک دويه سرد باب ار به زورت به بران شر په لی لا ده درقان
تصویہ
بند پارچه
فوری یہ فلاح تیلی انده
تر وفات
Cungo suberba foret, Bablon Spahanda trophies.
L1B. 2
245
Perfian Language,
English.
OD
the Sunne
the Moone
a Starre
the Sky
a Cloud
Perfian.
Hoddaw
Afta
VV
Mar
Nacob
Kabowdas
Sephyte
Zameen
English.
a holy Father
a Father
a Mother
a Brother
a Sifter
a Sonne
a Daughter
a Boy
a Girle
Perfian.
Padre
Bobbar
Mamma & Madre
Broder
Thvaar
Zedda
Daughter
Oglan & Piffar
Daughter
Whotoon
the Earth
Emperour
Pot-frame
King
(preffe Shaw
Queene or Em
Beggoon
Prince
Mirza
a Mayden
a Cofen
Duke
Cawn
a Friend
Choul
Memam
Marqueffe
Earle
Beglerbeg
a Slave
Sultan
a Servant
Prefident
Judge
Juftice
Chancellor
Conftable
Purveyor
Lord
Lady
Lords fonne
Beg
Conna
Beg-Zedday
a Cook
Gentleman
Awgaw
Merchant
Soldager
*
Souldier (dor Comzel-bash
a Foot-man
a Groom
a Butler
a Barbar
Colloom
Marda
shooter
Mitar-baſhë
Aph. pash
Suffrage
Syrtrash
Lord Ambaffa-
Elchee beg
Vifyer
Cauzee or Caddi
Darraguod
Mordaer
Hackeam
Dayah
Vikeel
a Mountebanck Shytan-Tabyb
a Scribe.
an Interpretor Callamaché
afpeech or lang. Zavoas
a Phyfitian
a Doctreffe
Calentar
a Mechanick
Oaftad
Mammandar
a Man
Adam
a Chriftian (ver Franghee
a Moorish belee- Muſſulman
a Woman
Zan
the Head
Serry
a Jew
Ieberd
Hayre
Mow
an Armenian
Armence
Eyes
Chafin
Perfian
Farfee
Eye-browes
Browz
Indian
Mogull
Nofe
Bynny
Georgian
Gorgee
Eares
Goufh
Sarcafhan
Carcaſh
Cheekes
Row
Turk
Tork
Maftachoes
Sibyl
A Church
Dear
Lips
Lab
a High Prieft
Muftaed-dini
Teeth
an Arch-Biſhop
Kalyph
Chyn
Dandoon
Chynofer
a Prieſt
Mulai
Arme
BoLow
a holy man
Hodgee
Breaft
Sinow
a begging Fryer
Abdall
Hand
Daft
a Saint
Meer
Finger
a Prophet
Emoom (zedda
Belly
Angusht
Shykans
a Prophets fon
Syet & Emoon-
Yard
Kerg
Stones
}
246
LIB. 2
Perfian Language.
Stones
English
Sekym
Perfian
English
Perfian
Pepper
Pepperfill
Matrix
Thighes
Cus
Ophium
Triackor Therias
Roam
Rubarbe
Knees
Zoanow
Onions
Rhubarr
Profe
Foot
Poe
Spiknard
Sembul-tib
Wine
Sherap
Water
Obb
Manna
Sena
sheer-quest
Machyi
Fire
Atta
Wind
Band
The Sea
Deriob
a Ship
Kishtee
a Boat
Kiſhtee-cowcheck
Fish
Mobee
a Sheep
Gufpan
a Goat
Booz
Poppie
one Yeere
one Month
a Day
to day
Yeſterday
to morrow
two dayes hence
reck Sol
Teck-Maw
Romfe
Awirowſe
Puftie
Diggrow fe
Subbar
Paft-fubbaw
Roaft Meat
Cobbob
Night
shave or Shab
Rice
Brindg
Soone
Zood
Boyled Rice
Pelo
Much
Pifbaar
Wood
Yzom
More
Diggar
Apples
Sib
Good
Cowba
Pomgranads
Nørr
Bad
Baddaf
Musk-Melons
Corpoos
Naught
Comb-nees
Water-Melons
Hendoon
Great
Buzzurck
Myrabolans Allilha
Little
Coucheck
Dates
Wchorman
Small
Kam
Almonds
Bodoom
Leffe
Andack
Raifons
Kishmish
Write
Binwees
Walnuts
Gardow
Sing
Bowhoor
Sugar
Sucker
Bread
Noor
Small Nuts
Pistachoes
Butter
Sirrup of Dates
Doofhab
Cheeſe
Pleafant Liquor
Sherbet
Milk
Rogan
Paneer
Sheer
Bezar
Pezar
Sower Milk
Moffe
a Rofe
Gull
Vinegar
Grapes
Angwor
Rofe-water
Figges
Anger
Hony
Sirca
Gule-ob
Dowſhabb
Orenge
Norenge
Salc
Namack
Lemmons
Lemoon
Water
Ohb
Carroway feed
Giznees
Raine-water
Anny-feed
Zera
Salt-water
Nutmeg
Goose
Hot
Cloves
Mekut
Cold
Mace
Basbas
a Book
Cinamon
Dolcheen
a Cheft
Spice
Filfill
a Carpet
Ginger
Gingerfill
a League
Ob-baroon
Ob-namack.
Garmas
Sermawas
Catobb
San dough
Collee
Farfang
halfe
1
#
LIB. 2
247
Perfian Language.
English
halfe a League
a refting place
Perfian
English
Perfian
Nym-Farfangas
the Kings Evill
Boagma
Manzeil
Dogge
segg
a common Inne
Carravans-rAÏD
Cat
Chat
a Nurſery
a Houſe
Haram
Mule
Aftor
Conney
a Goat
BUZ
a place
Straw
Barley
Ioy
Io
Cow
Gor
an Affe
Owlock
Com
an Elephant
Bebad
Wheat
Gandowm
a Nightengall
Bulbul
Money
Zarr
Camell
Shouter
White
Sevittas
Mule-man
Red
Sourck
Camell-man
Iron
a Knife
a Sword
a Gun
a Glaffe
Pholot
Horſe-keeper
Cord
a Horfe
Inck
Silke
Lace
Shamshere
Tophangh
shusha
Moora kabbas
Abrufhumas
a Saddle
a Saddle-cloth
Aftor-dor
sheuter-dor
Myter
Af
Zeen
Zeen-pufk
a Shooe
a Naile
Coff
Che at
Sheepherd
Vloch
Chytoon
Bird
Ques
Buttons
Dougina
Beefe
Gouft de gom
a Furre
Fuft
Hen
Morgh
a Dagger
Hangier
Hens-Egges
Tough-morgh
Spurre
Boots
Mahamis
Boyld
Poactas
Chagmi
Halfe boyld
a Window
Pangera
Paper
a Doore
Darr
Thred
Njm-poac
Coggesh & Cartim
Respun
a Table
Taghtah
All boyld
Hamma-poact
a Chayre
Gurfee
Kitchen
a Cup
Paola
Old
Mawdbaugh
Chonnay
a Candle
sham
New
a Candle-ſtick
Shamdom
I Thou He
a Bed
Mafrufh
Nothing
Novn
Man San O
Hech
a Pillow
Nazbolish
a high-way
Rave
a Quill
Callam
a Trees
Drake
a Garden
Baugh or Bawt
a Turquoiſe
Pheruxay
a Towne
the Devill
Hell
Rogue
De
a Paſport
Phyrman
Shiten
a Cap or Turbat
Mandeel
Iehendam
a Coat
Cabay
Haramzedday
a Key
Gleet
Slave
Whore
Cuckold
Foole
Villaine
Colloom
a Ring
old Whore
Cobba
Ghyddee
Doo anna
Haram zedda
Moder-Cobba
a Tower
a Needle
a Looking-glaffe
Hanguster
Manor
SULAB
a Whip
a Towell
Ding
(babuck
Dezmal
■ Gift
248
LIB. 2
Perfian Language.
Y
English.
a Gift
a Platter
a Plate
a Colour
Perfian.
Englifb.
Perfian,
Pifcaf
Very right
Dreuftas
Langaree
Neere, farre off
Nazeecas, duras
Nalbachee
Raugh
Bring it higher
What ſay you
Beare ingee
Chechefas
a Misbeleever
Caffar
a Privy
Adam Conney
a Clofe ftoole
Ob-Conney
a Cradle
Cajua
a Glaffe bottle:
Shuzau
a riding Coat
Bolla-pufh
a hill
Achow
a Hot-houſe.
a Sweet heart
Strength
Full
Strait
Weake
In health
Sick
Dead
Gone
Raft as
Here
Ingee
Above
Bolla & bollanda.
Below
Poin
Angry
Ianghea
I thank you
Bizmilla
with all my heart Allhumderalla
Much good do it Ampheat
Give me (you Biddy
Do you love me Dooz me daree
Hungry
Ta Ojam
Take away
Sope
Broken
Saboon
Shekeftas
You trifle
Fill full
Verdure
Bazi·mecunné
Pour-kunn
Laden
Barkonnas
Boyle the meat
Gouft-buppose
Loft
Gumſhott as
Stay a while
Andac wieft
Found
Paydcun (toon
Even fo
Hamfhé
Tobacco
Tombacco & Tu-
Beat him
Befome
A Tobacco pipe Calliown & lula
It is day
Rows-heft
Stop
Baft
It is night
shab-haft
Waſh
Buſbur
It is dark
Tareekas
The Market: Buzzar
Say thou
•
Gufta (cardam
Hummum
Ionanam
Zoor
Pooras
Tanghea
Sanghe nees
Choggea
Na-choggea
Mordas
He is beheaded
He eats & drinks
Come quickly
Goe quickly
Know you, yes,
Where is he
Who,my father
I know not
Can I tell you
Not farre off
What ſay you
I drink to you
Bro, Awafcun
Cobbedat
Swarſhudat
Conney neefe
Shaw cuſht
Mough whorat
Zood beam
Zood burro
Medanny, baly
Quo joas
Che, pader man
Che madannam
Che cunnam
Durneefe
Chemigre
Esco-Sumaw
Goe, call him
He is a fleepe
He is abroad
He is not within
the great Market Mydan
You lie
Drugmagnee
You fay true Rofmagnee
เ
I have forgot
Bravely done
Brave game
Man Varamafh-
Barra colla
Tamas-fhaw
English
L1B. 2
249
Perfian Language.
English.
Perfian!
A good morrow or God bleſſe you
Sallam-alleekam
The like I wish you Sir,
Alleekam fallam
Whether doc you goe
Not farre
How doe you to day?
Well I praiſe God
(Sir,
Good, I am very glad thereof,
Where have you beene?
Now I am your fervant
Welcome, Sir, heartily welcome.
Tell me,how you doe? healthie
Where is your houſe? at Babylon
Have you a Wife ?
Yea truly, fifteene Sir,
How old are you? twenty foure.
How are you called?
My name is called Teredoro,
Is this the way to Tauris?
Yea,but how many leagues thither ?
I fuppofe, tis twenty,
Is the way good or bad?
Is there good Wine?
Yea, in the high way.
Whole Garden is that?
Tis the great Kings,
Know you Cazbeen ?
I doe Sir, have you feene it?
Why not, I know all Perfia,
Come hither good Boy,
Give me ſome Wine, ſoone
Fill me but one cup
Then faddle my Horſe
I chank you Sir
It growes dark, Ile fleepe
Give me fome water, flave
Here Sir, take it
Much good doe it you brother
What bufineffe have you?
Little, but ſtay a little
I have fome occafions
Tell me where is the King?
I beleeve in Hyrcania,
God bleffe you,
Quo ja merué?
Dure neeſe
Chaldery Amrooz ?
Choggee Shoocoro-Whoddaw
Koobas, Whoddam baſhat
Que ja boodee?
Hali man Merda fumam
Hofpmodee, Agaw, Suffomardee
Gufta, chehaldery? choggee
Quo jaas chonna fumam? Bagdat
Zan daree?
Bally, pounfdata beg
Chan fol daree? char-beeft
Che nom Daree fumaw?
Noma mannas Teredore
Een raw haft Tabyris?
Bally, o chan Farfangas untraf?
Man medonam, beeft
Raw koob o baddas?
Vnjee koob ſherabbas ?
Bally, raw haft
Een baugh mally chee?
Mally-Pot-fhawhas
Cazbeen medanny ?
Man bali beg, fumam dedee?
Cheree-na, hamma Farfee dedam,
Ingee bear koob Piffar
Sherap bedee, zood
Pourcun jeck paola
Afp zeen puſhee
Whoddaw-negaturat
Tarreekas, man mechobed
Ob bedee, colloom
Ingee Agaw, haft bedee
Awpheat bashat-broder
Che Corr daree fumaw ?
Coocheck, andac wyst
Man corr daram
Gufta? Pot-fhaw quo jaas ?
Man medonam Mozendram
Whoddaw basket.
Perfian.
Kk
250
LIB. 2
Perfian numbers:
Perfian.
Teck
One
Do, or Dew
Two
Se
Three
English.
Turkiſh.
Beer
Ekee
Exch
1
:
Char
Foure
Dewrt
Panch
Five
Beafh
Sheft
Six
Altee
Haft
Seven
Tedté
Hasht
Eight
Seckez
No
Nine
Dockoz
Dab
Ten
One
Tanzda
Eleven
Dozda
Twelve
sezda
Thirteene
Charda,ox Chaharda
Fourteene
Pounda
Fifteene
Shoonzda
Sixteenc
Harda
Seventeene
Hafhda
Eighteene
Nouzda
Nineteene
Beeft
Twenty
One-beer
One-ekhe
One ewch
One-dewrt
Ome-beasts
One alté
One-jedté
One-Seckez
One-dockoz
rgarmy
Tec-beest
Twenty one
rgarmy beer
Dota-beest
Twenty two
Tgarmy eckee
se-beeſt
Twenty three
Igermy ewch.
Char-beeft
Twenty foure
Tgarmy dewrt
sounce-beeft
Twenty five
Ygarmy beafh
se
Thirty
Chehel
Forty
Pangoh
Fifty
Phaft
Sixty
Haftat
Seventy
Haſhtat
Eighty
Nevat
Ninety
Satt
Da hazatt, or hazar
One thouſand
One hundred
The
LIB. 2
251
1
The Religion of the Perfians.
THE Perfian Religion at this day varies not from the Turks in any
particle of the Alcoran; and yet they account one the other He-
reticks, and are no leffe zealous and divided in their profeffion, than wee
and the Papalins: a deviſion begun Anno Domini 1400, by a Syet of Ar-
doveil (a Citie in Media;) the better to advance the Sophyan Title to the
Crowne, derived from Mortis Ally their famous predeceffor, cofen and
fonne in law to Mahumet: which Ally, albeit hee had juft right to fit as
Kalyph at Mecca next to Mahomet, yet in his defpight, three other men
ftept up before him; and during their lives kept him in flaverie, and with-
ftood him. Theſe three, Abuboker, Omer, & Ozman, are by the Turks moſt
venerably accounted of; but by the Perfians (as appeares by their curfing
them in a prayer made by Syet Gunet) as impoftors, doggs, and hereticks;
whereby is fown fuch mortall hatred betwixt theſe two potent Monarchs
that (tó Europs good) they abominate each other with implacable
hatred.
MAHOMET, (fonne of Abdar a Pagan, and Emma a Jew) was borne
at Iathreb (or Itrarip, Iezrab in Postellus,now Medyna) in Arabia,the yeere
from the Creation 4544, of Chrift our bleffed Lord and Saviour 574: In-
ftinian at that time commanding the Roman Empire, and Cozrhoes (father
to Hormizda) the Perfians.
His parents being mean and poore, he was forced to ſerve an appren-
tiſhip, and with much patience ferved Zayed-ben-Hartah a rich and famous
Merchant; who dying, left his fervant fo good a legacie, that Mahomet
was thought worthy any woman in Mecca: but by reaſon of thoſe incef-
fant broyles commenc't by Cozrhee and inflamed by the Romans, Traffick
decayed, and moft men danc't to the fhrill brazen found of Bellonaes mu-
fick; Mahomet amongſt the reſt ſerving for pay firft with Heraclius, and
then the Perfian; not caring much who was victor, ſo he was on the ſafeſt
fide; by both their confufion to plot fome way or other to advance
himfelfe, both in a terrhen dignity and as a Deity: nor did he erre in his
prediction; for what by his great eftate and good fortune in the warres,
he foone threw off the qualitie of a common man, and got a companie;
yea at length an Armie of fo many Tattars and Arabians, that he dared to
affault the infeebled Chriftians, and became victor; yea, by ftratagem
(mingling with the credulous and gladded Perfians) upon a watch-word
cut afunder and confounded the Perfian Armie. Which done, hee bluſht.
not to extoll himſelfe to all his troops, deciphering the mifery of Perfia
and horror of Roman bondage; acquainting them alfo with the great dif-
cord 'mongft Chriftians; of that inhumane villanie perpetrated upon Mau-
ritius by Phocas (then Emperour) his detefted fervant, and of Pope Boni-
face's ufurpation of the title of Univerfall Biſhop; contrary to the good
will of all the World, and what Pope Gregory the great had lately bran-
ded Iohn the Conftantinopolitan Patriack with, as the Antichrift, in that
fixtie fix good Bifhops of Rome from Lynus (feven yeeres after the paffi-
on) to that Pope then teaching, never defired it. That hee himfelfe was
ordained
Kk 2
252
LIB. 2
The Religion
pro-
ordained from the begining of the world to eclipfe the pride of that Pope,
to inſtruct the world in a better and more plaufible way than either Mofes
did the Jewes, or Chrift the Chriftians; that hee was the Comforter
miſed (yet fayes that he came to give his Law by the fword and not by mi-
racles) and to advance the Arabians name and dignitie above all other
Kingdomes in the Univerſe. The amazed Savages admire his boldneffe,
and (though fome thought bafely of him) moft part hoping hee could ef-
fect his promiſes, give credit to him and atttend his revelations.
But ere he could finifh his new moulded work,the inraged Perfian fud-
denly ſteales among them and in memory of their late kindneffe, retaliates
them fo fiercely,that Mahomet (tó fave his life) pofts away, leaving the reft
to the mercileffe furie of the Perfian.
Mahomet with a fad heart arrives ſafely in Mecca (Mocura and Muny-
chiates in old writers, the Arabian Metropolis:) but when he cals to mind
his miſerable eſtate, by this laft defeat being cheated of his moneys and
men, yea fuch men as hee had prepar'd to help forwards his ambition, hee
confumes in the meditation, and by his faint-heartedneffe and conftant
vexing had doubtleffe made Death his executioner,had not Satan phyfickt
him.
Some fafer way he intends to take,than in Mars his rugged fields, fo full
of coft and blood-fhed. And therefore in the first place, to folace his un-
quiet fpirits & inrich himfelfe,he laies feige to Chodaige or diga a woman
of great wealth and worſhip, by ſome thought Queene of Corafan; whom
after a few amorous affaults he won, and of her begot three fonnes and
foure daughters, named Ebrahim, Tajeb, and Taker (all three dying young)
Fatyma and Zaynab both married to Mortis Ally;) Om-Kalthom and Rachya,
wives to old Abuboker. Mabomets ftomack grew weak, and one fort of
meat begun to loath him; Chodaige was ftale, and others fancied him : he
therefore purpos'd in his Law (then in hatching) to allow all forts of car-
nall liberty: and to incourage them by his example, folemnly (as Ben Ca-
fen a writer of his beleife fayes) efpoufed Afce the beloved child of his
Conne in law Abubocher: a child (though Mahomets wife) I well may call
her, at that time not exceeding fix yeeres old; yet fo pliable to the de-
lights of her wanton husband, that hee calls her his beft beloved, and
dictates a whole chapter to her praiſes; fo that for her affection to him,
her courtefie to others,her witty conceits,her skil in hiftory and language,
ſhe is intituled Mother of the Faithfull; and (contrarie to his tenet in
his Alcoran) in whofe grave (hoping there alfo to imbrace her) Mahomet
defired to be buried, as was by old Abubocher afterwards performed
His third wife was Miriam (or Mamrya)of whom he begot Ebrahim Caf
fen, who at the age of fix months, by the arrow of grim death was directed
the inevitable way of his brethren. Zaynab (the repudiate of Ben-Har-
tah Mahomets mafter) was Mahomets fourth and laft wife (concubines hee
had above a hundred, but in any Author I find not named) a Lady of
fingular perfection, and fo credulous of his feigned vifions (and that his
epilepfie was caus'd by an Angells glory, oft conferring with him) that by
all Mahomitans fhe is alfo named a fecond Mother of Muffulmen or true
beleevers.
Theſe
LIB. 2
253
of the Perfians.
}
·
Theſe bis boſome friends, and other his bed fellowes, together which
taught birds to feed at his eare, and beaſts by practize directed, blazond his
holineffe, and put all Arabia into a confuſed wonder: and having by the
Devills prompting, and the help of Sergius an Italian (aneaft of un-
cleanneffe, a Monck, a Sabellian, a difcontented wretch for miffing world-
ly preferment at Byzanth,) and of Iohn of Antioch (an infamous Neſto-
rian) finifht his Alcoran in the yeere of our bleffed Lord God 620.and
of Mahomets age 46. which fo tranfported him, that to Mecca hee goes,
intending to divulge it, and where hee hoped to have it eaſily credited;
but therin his prediction faild him,for fo foon as they perceived his ground
of innovation (formerly acquainted with his birth, breeding, and fubtle-
ty) they baniſh him, and but for his wives kindred had cruſht him and his
Cockatrice egge, but then in hatching. Mahomet (involud with more per-
plexity now than ever) is at his wits end, once refolving to burne his book
and fall to trading: but Sergius moderates, telling him, a defigne of fo
great confequence muft needs bee attended with perfecution and many
other circumftances. The halfe dead Prophet revives upon this incou-
ragement, and quickly apprehends this affliction propitious to his me
mory; fo that to Tathreb hee goes, and for two yeeres fecludes himſelfe
from much company; till having finifht his plot, and commanding the ac-
compt of all his fectaries to begin from his late flight out of Mecca he again
adventures, and by bribery, magick, and other meanes attracted ma-
ny followers, and in ſeven yeeres after is received in Mecca: from
this accurfed root branching out fo many fe&ts as in fhort time infected
and fhaded all the Orient,in an eclipſe of fearfull darkneffe.
Mahomet (whofe name Arabically fignifies Deceit, and many times
Conveniunt rebus nomina fæpe fuis; affoording alfo the number 666 the
marke of Antichrift,) having accomplisht his defires, and runne his race,
is fummond to appeare before the Lord of all flesh, the God Omnipo-
tent, Omniscient, and Judge of all mens actions; where (no doubt) he re-
ceived a juft judgement for his impiety. This was in his great clymacteric
63,of the Hegira 17,and of our Saviour 637,ordaining Ally to fucceed him,
and his Carcaffe to be placed in Aifces grave in Iathrip which per Antono-
mafiam he new named Medina Talnabizit or Mecca,in my opinion,being that
Munichyates in Ptolomy; but I rather think Mecca it, becauſe I read that
Medina (or Iathrep) was built Anno Domini 364. by Aadhudaddaule then
King of Babylon and by Ofman allegorically call'd El-haramain, and by
others De-A'falem i.c.a holy place or Town of mercy; none daring in the
garb or language of a foldyer tread Eaft, Weft, North, or South, nigher
than fix one way, twelve, eighteene, and twenty foure miles the other;
upon paine of death and eternall difpleaſure. Speak we now a little of
his fabulous Alcoran, or Sunna, i.e. the Book of truth, or a Legend for the
faithfull: ftufe with obfceanneffe, lyes, miracles, vifions, morall and natu
rall Philofophy; fuch trafh as may powerfully provoke the fillieft ftudent
to a height of laughter. The proem this; That it was fent from God by
Gabryel the holy Angell to Mortis Ally; but hee miftaking the man, gave it
to Mahomet; whom when God faw replenifht with equall vertue, the
Angell was not blamed, but the guift confirmed and made irrevocable.
Alefalem
254
LIB. 2
Obfervations concerning
}
ran.
¿
To begin then; The Alcoran or Bible (by them call'd Kurrawn and
The Alco- Alefalem i.e. the law of peace, or Alcacan i.e. Judgement,as it was digefted
by Ozman fifteen yeeres after the death of Mahomet) is in volume twice
fo big as the Pfalmes of David; divided into a hundred and foureteene
Azoaraes or Chapters, put by Ozman into a poore kind of rythme, unplea-
fant to the eare, unleffe well ordered: It is not a continued tract of de-
votion or direction, but of his owne life, the Art of warre, the ufe of
peace, Rhetorick,Numbers, the Zodiack, the Earth,and a miſhmaſh out of
"Applis (or Ariſtotle)grofly and confuſedly handled. His mother inſtructed
him in the Jewish Rites or Talmud and Sergius in the Goſpell: where-
by, in the ſeventy one Azoara of Nokha, and in the tenth of Ïunys, hee re-
cords the Hiftorie of Noah and Ionas; and in other chapters, of Enoch
Abraham, Iofeph, Mofes,Elias, and David; whoſe ſongs call'd Zebur-Dabood
or the Pfalmes of David, and the Teurat Moiſſah or pentateuch of Mofes,
he extolls moft vehemently. The Ingil alſo (or Goſpell of Saint Luke)
he fets out at large in the fourth Azoara of Anneze, and in the fifth of Al-
meyda, naming Chrift, the Meffiah, Rooth-noor Alloh,and Hazret, i. e. Mef-
fias, the Spirit or word and light of God, holy Jefus: not omitting his bo-
dily afcention into heaven in fight of his twelve Apoftles, feventy Difci-
ples, and five hundred men. Yet denyes him be to the fonne of God, but
that the Virgin conceiv'd by fmelling to a Rofe prefented her by Gabriel;
and that he was borne out of her breafts. Alſo that he was not crucified,
but Indas or fome other wicked theife; Chrift being feparated from them
by a cloud that covered him and came from heaven. And thence it is, the
Croffe is fo rediculous amongst them; they fay alſo that hee was the moſt
holy, chaft, and powerfull Saint that ever converft on earth: and that (in
the ſecond Azoara of Albacara in the Alcoran) Mofes and Chrift fhall ſave
the Jewes and Chriftians at the day of Doome: and yet in the next chap-
ter of Amram (forgetting what hee had faid) protefts that no foule fhall
ever bee faved but by his Alcoran, hee being fent into the world to mode-
rate the ftri&tneffe of the Goſpell, as Chrift did the feverity of the Law ces
remoniall; varying alfo from what in the twelfth Affuratto hee com-
mands, that they ſhould bee held in equall repute with the Alcoran; run-
ning thus: The holy and mercifull God, firft fentt he ceremoniall Law,
and then the Goſpell to direct all men in the right path, and laftly the Al-
coran, a faithfull Book, and for your inftruction. No man therefore that
is truly religious, dare to undervalue the old Law and Goſpell, but to
practize it no leffe than what is commanded in the Alcoran. From whence
it is, that they reverence the holy Sepulchre, vifit Saints Tombs, and ho-
nour the memorie of our Saviour; abhorring the Jewes of all creatures.
Saint John Baptiſt alſo hee ſpeaks modeftly of, and of the bleſſed Virgin
with fingular reverence: faying in the nineteenth Azoara to this purpoſe,
Hayle Marg, thou art bleſſed, yea in puritie and holineffe excelling all
other women; the meditation of Gods lawes was ever in thy heart, ther-
fore he hath ſelected thee, refined thee, and made thee his happieft dwel-
ling; thou art full of knowledge and mercie; free from pollution, hatred
or ambition: yea, thou the Virgin Mother of the great Prophet Jefus,
art only of woman-kind moft lovely and perfect in the fight of the Al-
mighty
L1B. 2
255
of the Perfians.
k
mighty, &c. Which I name, not that his Book is any way more valuable,
(the end confidered,which was his plot for Apoftafie) but that the Devill
and Sergius who helpt him, could not blafpheame, nor bee fuffered to de-
rogate from their Majefty; and to whom we fay in the words of our Savi-
our to the Demoniack, hold thy peace; and ex ore tuo laus fördet. The
refidue of the Book confifts of Herefiarchyes againft our bleffed Saviour;
with Arrius it denies the Divinity; with Sabellius the Trinity; with
Macedonius the holy Ghoft proceeding; with Manicheus the death of
Chrift; and fuch like errours as to them and Satan feemed plaufible. In
the 32 Azoara, hee commands that no man be fo impious to queftion any
particle of his Law, nor to diſpute about it; and yet in another chapter
confeffes that tis full of lyes.
Commandement; There is one, and but one great God,and Mahomer
is his Prophet.
Sung every fourth houre both by the Muyezins & Taliſmanni from the
fteeple tops of every Mofque in a cleare note, Llala y.lala, Mohummed
refullula; and the Perfians by Spet Gunets direction to the honour of their
Prophet, Llala y-lala Mortus All, vel-hillulla.
2 Comman. 'Tis neither good nor just that ang Musulman live unmar-
ried; left the profeffors of the Alcoran (òr Mahomet)
be thereby diminished.
Whence it ariſes that Poligamy is tolerated; yea, that fuch are thought
the moſt honourable and brave men who fuper-abound in wives and con-
cubines. The chaft Prophet Mahomet in the Azoata of Bacare boaſts much
of his owne delight and fingularity therein; and that he had ftrength at
moft times to fatiate the luft of forty women. In that chapter of Attabrim
he alſo confeſſes that he oft had violated his faith and troth; but, it grie-
ved him not, in that hee had received pardon from God; and had to wit-
neffe it, his good friends Racheland Gabryel, two boly Angels.
But who fees not, that in this precept of his (like a polite Machiavillian)
he had reſpect to the naturall difpofition of the Arabians, pleas'd with free-
dome and voluptuouſneffe, rather than to any vertue: not caring how,
fo by any magick he could yoak them to obedience, and affectation of his
Alcoran.
3
Comman. It behooves all Muſfulmen to bee charitable; and to hate
contention.
From this command, iffues moft good to Travellers; for whereas Innes
are not to be had in heathen countries, ftately buildings (call'd Imarets in
Turkie; Carravans-raws in Perfia; Serrays in Indya) are purpofedly built
and open for all commers, never queftioning their Country, bufineffe,nor
religion; the roomes are fweet and well kept, the ftables be convenient;
and not any is to pay ought, in that twas founded from the charity of
fome Mahomitans; who have beene knowne to ſpend in one of thoſe
common receptories fifteene thousand pound sterling: fuch are in shyraz,
Cafhan,&c. they alfo erect Hofpitalls for lame men and difeafed: yea, for
aged, ftarved, or hurt birds, beafts, and fuch like creatures.
4 Comman. behooves all Muffulmen to invocate their Prophet, every
day
256
LIB. 2
The Religion.
1
;
day five times at leaſt, with fobriety: and to attend his comming patiently.
Which, they carefully accomplish; and with fuch regard that when the
Muyezin is heard to cry aloud from the Mofque they fall to prayer,
though then bufied in prophane talk, drinking,drabbing,or the like. And
in praying, to help their memorie ufe Beads, ftop their eares, and ſhut
their eyes, left any thing might divert them in their zealous Orizons
which they actuate in a quiet and filent murmur, bending, proftrating, and
kiffing the ground or fome relique of holy earth brought from Medina, the
Haram or Alcaba, two holy Chappels in Mecca, erected (fayes the Alco-
ran)by Abraham from the true Idea of that which Adam built in Paradize
albeit fome hold that he ftayed there not above a day,& carried by Angels
into heaven at the generall Deluge: in every El-fata or prayer fizedaing
or kiffing the earth at each Epethite or name of God and Mahomet: and
after they have battologuiz'd llala y la la, they iterate another to this ef-
fect following.
;
In the name of the good and holy God. Praiſed be the Soveraigne of all
worlds, the only mercifull God of Doom': thee we ſerve, thee wee call
upon: fhew us the bett way; that, which thou haft revealed to Mahumet;
but not that wherby thon puniſheſt the Ungodly.This alío,as I have noted
amongst them,being a meere Tautologie of the names of God and Maomet.
Bizmillah! raugh mawn, a raugh beam Allhundill Alley: Etto hyatto, almo
barakatto, affulwatto, Attayo batto; Leyla, beeffalem, Aleyka, I, Iaanna, ne-
been rough meet Wallough keeweeber-catto. Eſſa-lamalena, Wallah Ebadulla,
hefolaheem Efbaddo. Amla El aba,El-Allako, Efbaddai Mahummed refull-Al-
logh. L'alla Effalamalena Ebadulla Solabeem. Effalamaleekam Effalamaleeka.
Allyhomma Sul hillulla. Allaw Mohummed don Wallaw, Waffaleem-chamma
Salleata, Alhumderalley, Whoddaw, & faid by all Mahomitans in Arabia,Per-
fia, Indya, lava,&c.
And though this be the moft ufuall, yet they are not without other fet
formes of prayer, compiled by Ofman in his Parody, (for, in the 17 Azoara
Mahomet confeffes that he could neither read nor write)and by that famous
Almotannabby, who fell in his learned conceits to make his Name more
venerable than Mahomet. Their Elfataes are either for the fafety of their
Kings, a happy iffue, the welfare of their Country, thanks that they are
Muffulmen, Bofarmen, or true beleevers, and the like: five times in foure
and twenty houres praying (or rather balbuciating) orderly. The houres
are, day-breake, noone, three in the afternoone, funne-fet, and at mid-
night: recorded by thefe titles. Afhæra, Magreb, Adelefher, Kalamath, and
Erketh; Arabically thus, Dahour, Lafhour, Mogrub,Sallie & Sahaha Lhair.
The firft houre,is acted by foure Teffalems or proftrations and two pray-
ers; 2. by ten times kiffing the earth and five El-fataes; 3. houre requires
eight grovelings, and foure ejaculations; 4. has five Sizedaes and three
orations;and the laft houre for a farwell has fifteen teffelems and eight re-
petitions after that houre to day breake tis held an ungodly thing to in-
vocate. The Perfians fince their reformation, think it enough to pray
thrice in foure and twenty houres; at fob, dor, & magareb Arabick words,
and which fignifie morning, noone, and night. On the Gyumaa or Sab-
bath (by the Perfians call'd r'omme and D'fiuma, by Turks Zuma-gʻiuny,
Dumaad
LIB. 2
259
of the Perfians.
Dumaad by the vulgar Arabs) they affemble in the Mofques (without feats
and bells; each firft waſhing, then kneeling with his face to Medina, not
ſpeaking one to another, fpetting nor coughing: fcapes unpardonable.
5. Command. See thou obferve peerely a Month Lent, a Byram,&c.
The Lent or Ramdam (call'd alſo Ramadan,Ramazan,and Ramulan) be-
gins commonly at the Sunnes entrance into Aries, Libra other times, no
time certaine; and is an imitation of our Lent, or rather the forty dayes
Mofes was in Horeb, and by fome faid in memory of Mahomets forty dayes
hiding himſelfe in the Defart, flying from the rage of Mecca's Inhabitants,
and that in that moneth he divulg'd the Alcoran: but moſt likely (as in the
47 Azora of himselfe, and 25, in which he treats of the excellencie of the
Alfurcan) from his blafphemous lie that he was ſo long in the fixt heaven
call'd Alahal, where this Anthropomorphite fayes hee had the honour to
ſhake hands with the Almighty (which he fayes were 70times colder than
Ice;) and that being upon th'earth,to make the people credit him,he com-
manded the Moone to defcend; halfe of which he put into his own fleeve,
and the other halfe ferv'd as a zone or girdle to Mortis Ally: and to their
like amazement, after fo rare a complement peec't it, and placed it in the
fame Orbe whence firſt he drew it.
う
​During this Ramdam, all the day long they abftaine from all forts of vi-
ands or refection,he being counted the verieft heretique in the world dare
ryot it. But, Don Phebus is no fooner inveloped with his dark mantle the
earths interpofition, and Dame Cynthia arrayed with brightneſſe in their
Hemiſphere, then they gormundize and let loofe the reines of their un-
bridled appetite, Epicurifing in all kindes of delights to be invented, or
pleaſures poffible: Profper's faying, That to faſt from finne, is the beſt faſt
is here ridiculous. So foone as the nine and twentieth day is paft (for
though the Alcoran command forty, yet by thofe of the late reformation,
it was limited to one Moone) they begin the Byram (as we doe Eafter) and
continue their merriment and fports till the third day be ended; the two
dayes after the Byram, are commonly call'd Chutfi-baaram, & Char-bahram
(or Byram.) The laſt houre of the last feftivall many vow a zealous pil-
grimage to their Prophets Sepulchre (not magnetically attracted, nor in-
tombed in an iron coffin as fome report, but laid under a faire marble, po-
lifht and ingraved with Arabique fentences out of the Elefalem.) But in
the way, wallow in all kind of fwiniſh turpitude, villany,and lothſomneſſe;
yet no where perfecuted, being palliated with a Pilgrims coat and hypo-
critique fanctity.
The Buccarie they folemnize in November or Chodad-man (by Turks
Silcade, by Arabs Rabiel owl) in commemoration of the Ram facrificed by
Abraham fuch time as Izmael (they fay) fhould have beene killed.
Many other Feſtivalls they celebrate. The Oud Huan,Nowronz, Imamy,
Caddyer-Ally, Iedt-Oufant, Auwpatfian; the Sophyan, the Rofes, Daffadil
lies,&c.
The Oud-Huffan is from Hocem or Husan (fonne of Ally) flaine with
eleven of his fonnes by Mavi the Chalyph, Lord of Damafcus,and Nephew
to Ozman. A Feftivall begun by Syet Gunet, followed by Aydar, and com-
• manded by Sha-Izmael, as a Triumph againft the Ben-Humyans, who tho
LI
they
260
LIB 2
The Religion.
they thought to have extirpt Ally's root, yet by divine providence St.Az-
mully brancht fecretly, Anno Hegira 90. and from him this Siet of Ardoveil,
reviver of the Sophian dignitie. For the Syet not onely fleighted the
Turkish opinion of Mahomets three fucceffours Abubocher and the reft,
but curfed all fuch as honor them; yea, and foure other great Hodgees or
Doctors of the Alcoran,contemporarie friends and helpers of Mahomet;
thofe foure (if I be not deceiv'd) whom Mahomet (in a feare for his pre-
fumption beholding God in Paradize) wip't from the fweat of his brow,
and by divine myracle metamorphiz'd into foure learned men,thus named,
Achmet Sembelim, Abu-hamet,Melec-zeddah, and Sheck Vaffaim: a tenet fo
offenfive and exafperating to the Turks, that of late the Muphti condem.
ning an innocent Perfian,(wore a great oath,he thought it a better act and a
more meritorious facrifice to kill one Perfian,than feventy Chriftians.But
to our Storie.
All agree that Huffan was flaine trecherously by Chaſe a ſlave to Mnavi.
Mavi was an Actor, they therefore puniſh him yearely (though rotten
1000 yeares fince.) Firft, framing a deformed Image, his face blackt, his
nose pierc't with a Dart, and clad in ftraw: which done, they hurrie ic
through the ftreets in a hurly-burly of thouſands of people, who when
they have dragd it enough within theCity,hale it to fome rifing hill with-
out, wher to all mens view they elevate this(fuppofed living) Caytiffe.The
Caddy bawles out a pathetique Oration to this purpoſe, That after much
fearch, Ally had directed them where to apprehend this Traytor, unwor-
thy the leaft pittie or procraftination: this being that fame villaine who
flew Huffan and his fons (Cerefin only efcaping :) that every good man is
bound in confcience to curfe him,yea to help to torment him in the vileft
manner poflible.
In fhew of joy and affent they unanimously fing Epicinia(a fong of victo-
rie) and crie aloud, rough Ally, yea ftrive to rend the clouds with their
ceafeleffe clamours. At a fet time they ceafe roring, and fire is given to a
trayne of Gunpowder which fets divers fquibs a fire, and at length diffi-
pates and blowes up the detefted Syrian, by a hideous noife making the
ayre eccho at his fmokie Funerall. Huffans ghoft now fleepes quietly;
each Perfian commends one anothers zeal;hafte home,& fpend that night
in merriment.
I
The Nowrouz is in imitation of our New-yeares day; but they begin (af-
ter the old manner) in March, fuch time as Phoebus in his equall thine to
either Pole, makes the Æquino&tium. A feſtivall of jovialitie, for one pray-
er preying upon varietie of wanton pleaſures; the Talifmanni piping now
to Bacchus, Ceres, and Madam Venus. For, I have obferv'd, that in manie
parts for 11 months in the yeare we could fee verie few women,and thofe
vailed; but impoffible in the streets or gardens to converfe with anie with-
out danger: yet theſe twelve dayes of the Nowrouz all places were full
of them, yea their naked faces openly difcovered; frisking in amorous po-
ftures, and drawing the eye by a forced Magique. Gifts alfo and recipro-
call preſents are retorted up & down; with garments offilk & gold, horfes,
fruits, and pifcaſhes of other forts; nothing but riding the great horfe,
drinking, cock-fighting, fortune-telling, finging, courting, and the like
obferved
LIB. 2
26 İ
of the Perfians.
obferved to the laſt minute of that Feſtivali.
The Imamy has fome dependance on the Buckaree. This a Camell, that
a Ram; that for Ifmael, this for Mahomet. In November, the Meccan
Protomift fends a fanctified Camell by an adopted fonne (fometimes natu-
rall) who is welcom❜d to Spahewn by many thouſand Muffulmen, who fhew
th'extream of joy for fo holy a Prefent. After they have tried & tired their
voices, the Hodgee from an exalted place acquaints them with the cauſe
of his long journey, perfwades them to a thankfull remembrance, and
bleſſes them. The zealous multitude without anie refpect of men or
danger,throng about the Beaſt, who is no fooner in the field where Death
arrefts him, but that they fall upon him,and pluck off his haires with an ad-
mirable dexteritie, keeping them as fanctimonious reliques, prævalent
againſt ſudden death (though manie die in the affault, and thouſands re-
turne maymed) hunger, thirft, povertie, and the like. After which, the
tormented Camell is by the Hodgee againe figned for a facrifice. The
Darroguode, firſt transfixes his Javelin. The Vifier beheads him,and gives
it the King. The carkaffe is torne peece-meale by the foole-hardie mul-
titude; fo greedie to obtaine this charme of long life and plentie, that im-
mortalitie and the place where meat and drinke is needleffe, oft præci-
pitates them.
The Caddier Ally is for Ally's victorie over the three old Caytiffs of
Mecca by death (not Ally) conquered ; and his joy in heaven: which after
fome threnodies many prayers are muttered, fongs chanted, and almes be-
ftowed: the King being at moft charge, the greatest honor reflecting him.
The Tedt Onfant is from a Cabala, that Houfant was loft in a terrible
great wilderneffe, where thirft killed him. Nine dayes they wander up and
downe (ſhaving all that while neither head, nor beard, nor feeming joy-
full) incefantly crying out Hufan Hufan in a melancholy note, fo long fo
fiercely, that many can neither howle longer, nor for a moneths fpace re-
cover their voyces.
The tenth day they find an imaginarie Huffan,that Nunquemq; fatis quæ-
fitus Adonis, whom they eccho forth in Stentorian clamors, till they bring
him to his grave; where they let him fleepe quietly till the next yeares
zeale fetch him out ( Semper enim perdunt femper & inveniunt) and force
him againe to concomitate their merry devotion.
The Aumptpation (or Owdt-baptfion) is from Mahomets baptifme by
curfed Sergius: and feemes to deride our cuftomes, to make their circum-
cifion lovelier. A rafcall troop of circumcis'd Mahomitans affemble,and
(after the Darroguod has put a period to his ruftick Oration) promifcu-
oufly befprinkle one anothers faces, then foile their fleſh with durt and
filth, the great ones many times to pleaſe the King acting among them;
Laſtly, they cleanſe themſelves with purer water, fuppofing all contami-
nated deformitie wafht off, and their bodies wholfomer.
The Sophian, is a folemnitie of fafting, feafting, and praying for the pro-
fperitie of their King, of the Sophian pedegree.
The feaſt of Rofes and Daffodillies is begun by a Proceffion of holy
men, at the firft budding of thofe fweet flowers, and for thirtie dayes is ce-
lebrated with all manner of ſports, and recreations to be imagined; conti
L12
nued
262
LIB. 2
The Religion
nued from the great feafts of the old famous Monarchs of Perfia; tents
in abundance, men, women, boyes,& girles, with Armes, mufick, fongs,
dances, and fuch as may revive the Olympick memories.
6 Com. Reverence thy Parents. Which how ill they performe,many
Tragick ftories daily informe us of.
7 Com. Curfed be the flayer. This is fo well practis'd in Perfia,
that what by rigour of the Lawes, and what from this, one may travellin
any place at any time without all danger; and although, they be generally
Martialiſts and affect much wine, yet I never faw any quarrell nor ftrife
amongſt them.
foto
8 Com. Do fo to Others, as thou wouldeft Others fhould do to thee.
From whence they are humane and curteous; but bribery is lately
crept amongſt them, and deceit too, too eaſily difcerned.
33,
The Alcoran is a mifcellany of other prodigious things. It tracts in the
that Dagial or Shytan, i. e. the Devill, ſhall be faved by Mahomet : & in
the 72 Azoara, that all Elgehenni or infernall ghofts fhall after I know not
how many yeares bee freed. The other Azoaraes of his Kurrawn are of
Arithmetick, fights, dangers, truth, falfhood, tyranny, warre, peace, pro-
phefie, &c. The 85 Azoara treats of the Zodiac; the 90 of the Sunne;
the 91,92,93, of the Moon, of night, of morn;the 113, of the Firmament;
but is Philofophy of fuch courfeneffe that I may well fay, Difcum
potius quam Philofophum: for how can it well be otherwife, fince in his 17
Azoara, hee confeffes that hee could neither read nor write; but that all
his learning was fuper-naturall. In one chapter hee is bold to fay, that
Solomon was a great Magician, and that hee learnt it from Marot and Arot,
two great black Devills: with more reafon we may fay,that Mahomet was
skild in that infernall wifdome, if halfe of thofe miracles bee true hee re-
cords of himſelfe; one is this: In a great affembly of Arabian Pagans, he
pointed at the Moone with his thumb and long finger; it feemes it knew
his mind, for the Moone immediatly clove afunder, and in two peeces
fell upon the hill of Mecca, on which hee at that time ftood: Mahomet
with a pecce of his linfey-wolfey coat patcht it and made it whole againe;
and after it had alſo (fay the Perfians) circumvolved Mortis Ally in way
of imbrace or complement, it re-afcended, and from that day became the
badge or coat armour of all Bofarmen. In another, hee affures his Pro-
felites, that Mecca, Medina, and Ierufalem be holy Cities, built by Adam
in Paradize, but fram'd in heaven : & thence it is, that Ierufalem is by Turks
as well as Chriſtians, honoured: foure Cities fprung out of hell at the
birth of Mahomet (at which, time all Idolls fell, and Lucifer was throwne
into hell, ſo deep into that abiffe, as hee was fome yeeres ere he could get
up againe) the names of thoſe devillifh Townes are (as pleaſes Mahomet
to ſay) Elmedin in Caldea, Antioch in Syria, Vaftat in Egypt, and Eh-beram
in Armenia: Places, it feemes which had refuſed him and his learned Do-
&rine.
#
But lend your eares a while and liften to the moft ſerious fubject of his
Alcoran. In the 47 Azoara, he records his pilgrimage into the higheſt
heavens; where he faw rare things, and thence brought a certain defcrip-
tion of the ſeverall Spheares, Heavens, Hells, and Paradifes: as alſo of
Angells
LIB. 2
263
of the Perfians.
1
for
The Heaven
Angells, and Saints; of judgement, the refurrection, joy and paine,&c. of
which I will afford you a compendium for Muffulmen to beleeve,
us to laugh at. One eve (as Mahomet was fporting privatly in's chamber
at Mecca, with Agfce his young wife) Gabrjel ( Seraphyel the Perſians call
him, the fame that fofterd Mahomet and Ally three yeares, and was perad-
venture fuch a Malus Genius as haunted Brutus) in a flaſh of fire entred
their bed-chamber, and faluted Mahomet with this meffage: Haile thou
beloved man! I come to fetch thee: the God whom thou ſo zealously
worshippeft, defires to fee thee at his owne ftation. Mahomet rejoyces, and
going to mount upon the Angells wings (of which hee had feventy paire)
is hindred: he asks which way he ſhould take towards heaven, the Angel
ſhewes him a huge Affe, Albarack by name, and bids him mount upon
him; which Mahomet effaying could not doe, till hee had prayed for him.
From Mecca hee pofted (in the twinckling of an eye, for Barackat foure
ſteps had done it) to Hierufalem: there, the Angell difmounted him, and
took him into his owne protection. In few minutes Mahomet afcended
heaven, and was let in by Gabryel the Porter there. From one heaven to
another is a travell of five hundred yeares; howbeit, Mahomet glanc't
through the ſeven in a moment. In all which Orbs hee faw many ſtrange
things;
but firſt take notice what mettall the Orbs are made of. The
firft is of refined filver, and wherein all the glittering ſtarres are fixt with
chains of burnifht braffe: in this heaven he faw a Cock fo great, that ſtand-
ing upon the Moon, his cox-comb reacht into the imperiall heaven, many
millions of miles altitude: every time that this Cock crowed, all other
Chanticlears upon earth, re-ecchoed him. The fecond heaven is of gold,
fuch gold as has beene ſeven times tried in the fire. The third is of pearle;
in this heaven hee faw innumerable troops of Saints and Angells; each of
them faluted him by his name, and he prayed for them. Amongst the reft
he took notice of Adam, Enoch, Abraham, Samuel, David, Salomon,&c. all
whom he knew by revelation; and of which, fome he taxed, others hee
commended as occafion ferved him. The fourth heaven, is of Smaragd;
and where he ſaw infinite companies of other Angells who made a mighty
noiſe and inceſſantly praiſed God: and well they might make a noife, for
(fayes Mahomet) every Angell there, was a thouſand times bigger than the
globe of the earth; and each had ten thousand heads; every head, three-
fcore and ten thousand tongues; and every tongue praiſed God in feven
hundred thouſand ſeverall languages: amongſt them, he noted one efpe-
cially, Phatyr, or the Angell of Mercie; a creature of that vaft frame that
every ſtep he trod was twelve times more than the diftance is twixt both
the Poles. Mahomet inquired of him why he wept fo fiercely; the Angell
replied, that it was out of his compaffion to fee the deplorable eftate and
vanity of man. This is that fame Angell that has the Holy Quill or pen in
keeping; a pen of orient Pearle; fo long, that an excellent Arabian Cour-
fer in five hundred yeeres continuall galloping, can hardly reach to the
further end of it: with this pen, God regifters all things paſt, prefent, and
to come; the Inck he writes with, is pure Light; the Character fo miſte-
rious, that none but he and Seraphael can underſtand it. All the hundred
and foure holy Books are written by this Quill;viz. thoſe ten which Adam
received;
264
LIB. 2
The Religion
Angells.
Day of
Doome.
received; Seth had fifty; Edris (or Enoch) thirty; and Abraham had the
reft: it alſo writ Mofes his Law, Davids Pfalmes ; Chrifts Goſpell, and Ma-
homets Alcoran. The fifth heaven was of Diamonds: where hee faw a
mighty Angell, and of all others the wifeft: hee had as many heads and
tongues and voyces as any two others had in the inferior Orbe; and had
the keeping of that Book, wherein all men in the world have their names
written: he did nothing but turne over the leaves and blot out one name
or another, for by that (as by the arrow of death) they died fuddenly.
The fixth was of Turquoiffe; the Seventh of Alahal; (fome interpret it
fire; others, pure light or breath congealed.) All theſe circumvove one
another like Pearles or Onyous; but herein is the miracle, they be tranf
lucent and yet of mettalls: a rare Philoſophy ! above all, is the heaven
of heavens, full of light and filence : immenfe, and within which, all
other bodies are compriſed, but it incomprehended: there Mahomet faw
the throne of God, rich beyond expreffion : very great alfo, for it was
ſupported by ſeven Angells, each of them fo wonderfully great, that a
Faulcon if he were to flie a thouſand yeeres inceffant flight, could fcarce
go ſo far,as is the diſtance of one eye from another:about the Throne hung
foureteene candles, everlaſtingly burning: the length of every of thoſe
candles (as Mahomet meaſured) was from one end to another as much
ſpace as a good horſe can ride in five hundred yeeres: there hee faw the
Almighty, who bad him welcome, and laid his hand upon Mahomets face:
his hands (fayes this blafphemous deluder) were a thousand times colder
than Ice: for all which, Mahomet in fhame of his owne bafeneffe, blufht
for fhame, and fwet with feare; but with his long finger hee ſwept away
the fweat from his brow,and threw it into Paradife: rare fweat! Each drop
(he notes them to be fix) turn'd into fome rare thing or other one drop
into a Roſe, another into a graine of Rice; the other foure into foure
learned men, Ac'met, Sembelin, Abuhamed, Melec-zed, and Seh-vaffin; After
hee had fufficiently inftructed himselfe in many myfteries, and was affured
of Gods favour, he defcended with his Alcoran: but how he got it enter-
tained, how notorioufly it has blafted the earth and poyfoned moft
and Iles of Afia and Africk; it requires another place, to have it ſpoken:
here only let us note the mad conceits he fancies of Angells, the last judg-
ment, Paradize, hell, &c. Angells are either good or bad; both are fub-
ject to death: the good,becauſe they confift of flame, an Element; to fin,
becauſe Lucifer an Angell,by ambition was expulft Paradiſe. The bad An-
gells are impriſoned in Doggs, Swyne, Toades, Wolves, Beares, Tigres, &.
After the day of Doom they fhall be tormented in hell fome millions of
yeers; but muſt in the end by vertue of Mahomets law be delivered.
parts
The great and generall Judgement is as certaine as the day of Death,
and will happen fuddenly, fuch time as all the world is wrapt in a careleffe
fecurity: the Angells know not the time, till Mahomet point it out by a
great and fearfull Duell twixt death and him, whom in the end hee makes
to fly away; but by that combat becomes fo inraged, that he deftroyes all
living creatures in the world fuddenly; for new arming himfelfe in flam-
ing braffe, in each quarter of the world hee founds his dreadfull Trumpet,
whofe affrighting clangor not only makes men, beafts, fifhes, birds, and
like
LIB. 2
265
of the Perfians.
W
like creatures dy, but the Angells alfo give over living; and laſtly, Adriel
himſelfe, whom God commanded to follow the reft in the inevital le
path, by wrapping his iron wings about him, and ſtrangling himſelfe with
fuch a dreadfull noyfe, as is ſcarce imaginable.
cy.
•
After this enfues a terrible and univerfall Earth-quake, followed by a
violent ſhower of purling brimftone, which muft devoure all graffe,trees,
and vegitable Creatures; yea the Pallaces of the proudest Tyrants: and
turne topfi-turvie, the earth, water, and other elements into a confuſed
lump. Forty dayes it muft reft in a difordered Chaos; in which time,
Almighty God fhall grafp it in his fift, and (beholding it) fay to this effect.
Where are now the haughty Princes, the cruell Tyrants, lacivious wan-
tons, and greedy earth-wormes of the earth? which faid; he will for for-
ty dayes and nights ſpace inceffantly raine downe a gentle fhower of mer-
and by a gratious breath reduce the world into a moft glorious eftate:
after that, hee will call up Seraphyel, and bid him take his Trumpet in his
hand: the Trumpet is of pureft gold, and above five hundred yeeres tra-
vell from one end to another: at the firft(ound will enfue a revivification
of Angells and Men: at the fecond, the Angells re-affume their glorious
roabs, and men their naked fleſh againe. Michael the Arch-Angell (per-
ceiving the Tribunall rais'd upon a high mount in Iehofaphats vale) he ap-
proaches with his mighty ballance, and poyfes every man their good and
bad deeds in either cale: fuch whofe good deeds out-ballance their evill
actions, are put upon the right hand, he other on the left: after that,they
are loaden with their finnes packt up in a fatchell and hung about their
necks, in this fort they paffe (upon a narrow and weak Bridge) over Hell;
fuch as have few finnes get over fafely; thofer hat be heavie laden breake
the Bridge and fall into hell: at the otherfide ftands Mahomet in the fhape
of a Ram, and in his deepe and monftrous fleece lodges all his Sectaries,
whom after long travell he brings to fome gap or other he finds in Para-
dife; and skiping in, disburthens himselfe, and thakes them out; at that in-
ftant affuming new formes, more lovely, more ftrong,and every way more
excellent; with eyes as big as the whole earth, and with eye-browes big.
ger and more beautifull than the Rain-bow. Let the Alcoran tell you
what Hell is, and what is Paradife. Hell is in the Umbelic or navell of the
world; circled with a huge thick wall of attractive Adamant : tis entred by
7 gates of flaming braffe; divided into many feverall cells or dungeons:
fome are more loathfome aud fuller of torment than others be; and lodge
fuch foules as have more highly finned: fome caves bee fo deep that in a
thouſand yeeres,a milftone cannot find the bottom of it; in whofe defcent
are ſharp fwords and pikes placed purpofely to cut and torture the foules
that move there: fome places be abiffe or without any botrome; fo full
of oyle and brimstone that it is ever flaming, and fo terrible, that the De-
vills howle, and fcritch, and rage there beyond meafure: other prifons
be full of Toads, Serpents, and all noyſome and horrid creatures imagi-
nable: the damned eat nothing there fave the forbidden fruit; which being
in their guts inflames like fulphur, and makes them roare for anger. Some
rivers be full of Crocodiles: others fo cold as makes them gnash & chatter:
howbeit, theſe paines of hell muft not abide for ever, for after each foule
has
Iudgemext.
Hel
266
LIB. 2
The Religion
has fuffered fo many thoufand of yeares as the finnes amount unto they
have committed, Mahomet will deliver them (and the Devillsalfo ; firft
changing their affrighting fhapes into ſhapes more tollerable,& then bring-
ing them to Alcanzar, (a ſtreame flowing out of Paradiſe ) they muſt
coole their extreame heat, and waſh away their black-fcorcht mummies,
and varie into a moiſt fleſh, whiter than the driven fnow,and thence-forth
Paradife. fing Lala hillullaes unto Mahomet. Paradife is a place of as much delight, as
Mahomets carnall rapture was able to imagine : he is incertaine of the locall
place (it feemes hee forgot to aske Gabryell) but fuppofes it fhall be upon
the earth after the day of Doome is paft, and all deformity removed:
(till then the foules and bodies of men fleep in their graves, but fenfible of
joy and torment.) Paradife (fayes the Alcoran) is fo many miles about as
there be moats or atoms in the Sunne: It is inclofed with a wall of nine-
ty times refined gold; ten thousand miles high, and in thickneffe about
three thoufand: It has alfo feven gates to enter in at (feven is a myfterie ;)
of Carbuncle or pureft Rubie is the firft gate; the other fix be of Pearle,
of Emrald, of Turquoyfe, of Hiacinth, of Smarag'd, and of A matiſt; ſome-
what reflecting upon the fpheares. It is divided into feven fpacious Gar-
dens, and thofe are fub-divided into feventy times feven feverall places
of delight; each of them fill'd with Inhabitants, Mufick, Wines, and all
ſenſuall pleaſures poffible: all have coole refreſhing rivolets of Chryſtall,
and trilling over pibbles of ſweeteſt Amber : curious Summer-houſes it al-
fo has, fhaded with trees,ever fruitfull and verdant: in center of that plea
fant fancie, is a tree (a high and ſpreading tree) higher than all the moun-
taines of the world, were they heapt one upon another; and fo broad that
all Paradife is ſhaded by it; the trunck or bole of this rare plant is of Dia-
mond; the leaves be of Ophyrian gold; the boughes of jet: each leafe is
wrought into an antick fhape, very delightfull; and moſt admirable in
this ; on one fide is growing in letters of light, the name of God; on the
other fide the name of Mahomet. Foure ftreames gufh out of it,in feverall
quarters; they be of pureft water, of milk, of coho, of honey; and empty
themſelves into Alchanfar, whence this mixture of Nepenthe flowes into
other parts of Paradife: there are alſo Aromatick flowers, fuch as ravish
both eye and ſmell; birds alfo or aery Quirifters; the meaneft of which as
far excell our Nightingalls, as they the Ravens: the ayre is a compound of
fenfe-raviſhing odours: the Mahometans (Chriftians, Jewes,nor Gentiles,
have not fuch glory) are ever young and luftfull, a hundred times bigger
and more frolick than ere was Mahomet: The women are fevered from
the men; not that they are kept from them (for Gabriell is never away to
let them in) but that by fuch reftraint they may become more tranfcen-
dently delightfull:the women have fuch vifiges as Aifce had(Mahomets beft
beloved;) their haires be threds of gold, their eyes of Diamonds as big as
the Moone: their lips of cherries, their teeth of pearle, their toagues of
rubyes, their cheekes of corrall, their noſes of Jafper, their foreheads
of faphyre: round-fact, fweet, amorous, and mercifull: In this Paradife
there is a Table of Diamond,feven hundred thousand dayes journey long;
along which, are chayres of gold and pearle to feaft upon. The hee crea-
tures are of Mahomet's favour, ſuch as hee had when Gabrye mounted
1
him
LIB. 2
267
of the Perfians,
him into heaven: none but are farre brighter than the Sunne, with ſuch
eyes, eye-browes and cares as are not fit for a repetition. To end; Gabryel
the porter of Paradife has feventy thousand keyes which pertaine to his
office; every key is feven thouſand miles long; by which you may imagine
the doores are no pigmie ones: in a word, had not Mahomet confeft hee
had writ three parts of foure, falſe lyes in this his Legend; we would have
concluded him,Notorious. To fmile at his conceits is pleaſure,to confute
them, a labour needleffe (though Melancthon has done it :) for wee may
fay and that very truly, Perfidiam eorum recitaffe, fupereffe eft.
Such are the groffe fanatick Dogmataes of the Alcoran, credited by
moft Afiatique Inhabitants, deluded by the Devill and his difciples above
70 in feverall ſpecie and nomenclation: fome of which, with heed I have
obferved; and here (as the cover of their book) will ſhut all up in muftring
them; but in an Alphabetique way, left I affront their Seniorities.
Abdalli, Alambeli, Alfaqui, alfurcani, Anefij, Aſaphij. Bedvini, Benefiani,
Bofarmani,Buani. (addi, Cadalefchi, Calyphi, Calfi, Choggi, Cobtini, Cume
rati. Dephtardarij, Deruifi, Derviflari,Duanni. Emeri, Emamm-zeddi. Fy-
halli. Gularchi. Hodgei, Huguiemali. Imami. Kalenderi. Lefhari. Malahedi,
Melichi, Mendee, Morabiti, Morrabonri, Mudreeſſi, Mufti, Mulai, Mulevei,
Muezini, Muſtadini, Mutevelij, Muzulmanni. Naappi. Ozmanni. Papaſſi.
Ramdani. Santoni, Seriphi, Shahi, Sophini, Sunni, Sjetti. Taliſmanni,Teck
mai, Torlaceni, Terlaqui. Zaidi,&c.
Their rules are many and mafqued under a ferious (hypocritique)
fan&titie. The Muphti is chiefe in cafe of error or divifion: which, if hee
faile in, the Meccan Protomift cenfures and fwayes it. The Caddi, Cada-
lefhi,and Muftaedini,are next in ecclefiaftick dignitie.The Hodgei,Emeri,
and Mulai, are Doctors and expofiters. The reft are mendicants, and eat
their bread in idleneffe, The Fylalli converfe moft in the Alcoran. The
Deruiffi are wandring Wolves in fheepes cloathing. The Taliſmanni re
gard the houres of prayer, by turning the 4 hour'd glaffe. The Muyezini
crie from the tops of Mofques,battologuizing Llala Hyllula.The Calende-
ri, Abdalli, and Derviflari be notorious Pæderafts, and dangerous to meet
in folitarie wayes. The Terlaqui and Cobtini pandarize. The Lefhari
and Papaffi,are fortune-tellers & ftar-gazers.The Sunni,Naappi,& Tecknai,
vow perpetuall filence,and affaffinate. The Sietti and Imami, oft pull out
their eyes having feene Medina. Other of thefe, pull out their tongues,
that whenfoe're they talk they may be credited. The Huquiemali fing
bawdie fongs: fome for pennance goe ever naked,and other ſome in aſhes.
The Dooanni are naturall fooles or madman, but thought divinely ins
ſpired.Some as the Mendea afflict their bodies by thirft; lafhing & wounding
themſelves;and in charitie without pay,carrie burthens or doe anie labour.
Some proteſt againſt flesh,fifh, wine & rofe-water. Some live Eremites ne-
ver converfing with men : and fome built houſes to fafegard birds,& beafts,
feed them and have mufique to prevent their melancholy. Other-fome
build Hoſpitalls, Inns, Sudatories, Mofques, and like good houfes. Some
are Poëtafters, or Mimographers. Other-fome have feeds and charmes to
make women fruitfull. Some alſo ſcorch their skins in the Sun. But others
of more pittie and pietie oyle their naked bodies, and to allure the poore
Mm
Flies
;
268
LIB. 2
The Religion.
Flies to pafture, roft themſelves in the burning Sunne. Theſe and many
other miſerable pathes they tread, all leading into Acheron.
L.
To cloſe; This (more craftie than learned) Law-giver, perceiving his
Divinitie and Philofophie not fure enough to abide oppofition or triall,
ftrengthens it by this ftratagem. Hee commands that none upon paine of
torture and damnation, be fo bold to queftion a fillable of his Alcoran,
Sufpecta eft Lex (fayes Tertullian) quæ fe probari non audet. From whence,
few except they be Ecclefiaftiques, trouble themfelves to read or ftudie it,
hoping by a reverent ignorance and the Colliars Faith to be faved. But by
your favour Sir! each of us (whom God hath bleft and honoured with
the
grace and name of Chriftian) may anſwer you out of Martial.
Decipies alios verbis,
vultuq; benigno;
Sed mihi jam notus,
Diffimulator cris.
Others with words andpleafing lookes
thou may'ft deceive; but me
Thon ſhalt not ſo, I know thee a
ranck Hypocrite to be.
The Perfians have (fince Gunet reform'd the Alcoran) contracted it in
Schifmes in to a leffer volume. They vilifie Ozmans labours, and cenfure him of ex-
che Alcoran. treame arrogance. The Perfians alfo abominate the foure great Doctors,
who dropt out of Paradife from the ſweat of Mabomets brow, whom alfo
Gunet execrates: theſe are indeed the mayne differences 'ewixt Turk and
Perfian. But let none think that Syetts was the firft Schifme amongſt
them: for Oxman being dead, Ibnul adds more Commentaries to infeeble
Ozmans: and after him,one Ibnu Abel-hafen of Balfora An.H. 88. a notable
fubtil man; for by his auftere life and eloquence, he not only nullified the
Melchian credit, but Ibnulalſo in compariſon of him was counted fottiſh:
At his death they Sainted him:but trufting to tradition(for they could never
prevaile with Haffen to eternize himfelfe by writing)his Difciples differ in
many doctrines; fo farre, that blowes made a party oft times in cafe of dif-
ference: nor could they agree in any point, till Elharu-Ibnu-efed of Baby-
lon did his beſt in many comments to reconcile them, and to make cano-
nicall Elhefin's Paragraphs. It feem'd calme a while, but ere long a thun-
der-clap was heard from Mecca's Territories; anathematizing Elbaru-Efed,
perfecuting him and all his fautors: and finally, by Meleck-fha's command,
not onely burnt his papers, but banifht him from converfe of all Muffull-
men.
King Cazel is perfwaded Elharu was an honeft man, & at that time being
favorite to his Uncle the great Melec-fha (a Turk and late Victor over Ba-
bylon) makes ufe of his power, defiring fome favour for the late excommu-
nicated men. Melec ftormes a while, but Nydam Emull another Courtier
of note, feconds Cazel, and prevailes to have the Anefian Sect call'd home
againe. Elgaz-zuli a nimble Mercurie undertakes it, and by miraculous
conceits agrees them, and fills up the late made breach; fo as now, Mako-
met fhines gloriously without any fhew of eclipfe ; but an alteration quick-
ly followed: for Saint Azmuli from the Cafpian fhoare defies all fuch as
thought well of Mahomet's three intruding fucceffors. This feem'd a ter-
rible Apoftafie, but whiles all Afia were looking thitherwards, a crack of
no
LIB. 2
269
of the Perfians.
no leſſe amazement falls Weſt, whère Almotannabbi (ayming to be all or
nothing) exalts his own worth,pietie and learning above Mahomers. This
ſeem'd intollerable, and his ambitious ends quickly determined ; for they
put him to a miſerable death.
After this theClergy & Layéty became inebriate with Bacchus and Ve-
nerie: it was thought a foolish thing to affe& learning or honeftie. Lafci-
vious Poems was adjudg'd the only delight, and Mahomets Paradiſe ſeem'd
then in being. This wickedneffe of theirs is inveigh'd againſt by Effèbraver
Differaverda Bactrian, whofe fevere Satyres ſo ftung them that they grew
melancholy; till 1bøull Pharyd ſweetned all by his amorous and exact Poe-
fie,defended & enlarged by Elfarganya witty Epicure who retorts an Apo-
logie, applauded by moft, but by fome exploded as a bufle Cabaliſt. A
Chaos feemed then to cover them, till Elifarni a grave Hiſtorian took up-
on him to rectifie theſe crooked poſtures. Of 72 Sects reducing all to two,
the Leſhari, and Imami. The firſt, Eulogically extolling Mahomet; re-
ceiv'd in Thrace, Ægipt,Paleſtine, and Syria. The other, Ally: received all
over the Perfian Monarchy. After all, Syet Greet difplayes his Enfigne,
whole divifions if we ſhould here rehearfe or moderate, would prove te-
dious to you, and to me no leffe offenfive.
Non nöftram inter nos tantas compoñére lites.
Let us therefore pauſe a while, and make uſe of Thefens his thred, to ún-
twiſt us out of theſe ſenſe-confounding Labyrinths.
The ſeverall Kings and Conqueſts of Perfia
compendiously remembred.
To offer you a Hiftorie of the feverall changes and watres of this great
Empire, might peradventure in another place prove acceptable; efpe-
cially, of the acts and conquefts of theſe late Kings of the Sophyan or Ben-
Allyés pedegree: for to goe higher were but to gleane from Xenophon,Ċura
tius, Siculus, Metafthenes, Agathyas, Eufebins, Cedrenns, Diaconas, Proco-
pin, Trebellius, and others. Whereas the warres of the late Kings are, to
fay truth, fo meanly & obfcurely handled,that the reporters have too pro-
digally detracted from the high courage of the men, and the excellencie of
theit fortunes. Here I am confin'd,left by commixing even an Epitome of
their ſeverall victories and contingencies, this Book which I defire thould
travell meerly upon Geographie, might grow voluminous. On the other
ſide, to omit them altogether may as justly tax me of neglect. I will there-
fore but name them, and reconcile fome mens miftakes in mifnaming theſe
antique Kings of Perfia.
·
Cyrus is the firft we can deduce a true fucceffion from. For albeit they
had Kings formerly, of which Cheder laomer was one, as wee read in Gen.
and it may be the fame whom the Perfian Hiftories call Cheyomtaraz fa
thet of Siamech, to whom fucceeded Owchange, Iamfhet, Zoak, Fraydhun,
Manucher, Nawder, Afraciab ( Achemenes fome think) Bazab, Kaycobad, Sa
lomon, Chokrao,& Lorazpes; yet the fucceffion from him is moft incertaine
and doubtleffe of no grandeur, in that the Affyrian Monarchie (begun by
Nymrod fonne of Chub, fonne of Cham,fonne of Noah) ecclipfed it,and un-
Mm a
der
270
LIB. 2
The ſeverall Kings
Perfia made
der whoſe command it lay for above 1300 yeares, if Berofus be not coun-
terfetted: and from Belochus (who depofed Sardanapal the laft Affyrian
Emperour of Nymrods race) and Arbaces (the firft founder of the Median
Monarchie,a confederate with Belochus) to Cyrus (who advanced the Per-
fians to a Monarkique greatneffe,by fubduing Aftiages his Grand-fire, tranf-
ferd the Empire to the Perfian, as formerly the Medes had the Affyrian)
260 yeares. This change hapned in the yeare, from Adam 3400: after the
building of Rome 287: after the firſt Olympiad so: and before the incarna-
tion of our Saviour 567,&c.
Of Cyrus many memorable matters might be offered: but I dare not
a Monarchy enter the Labyrinth left I wander fo farre, that I may chance to lofe my
by Cyrus. felfe and your patience: this only be remembred, that this is that Cyrus of
whom the Prophet Efay fore-told fome hundred yeares ere he was born;
of him alſo Nabuchadnezzar prophefied, beginning thus, Aft ubi Medorum
jus regni Mulus habebit,&c. That a Mule fhould over-runne Lydia (fulfild
in Crafus) and fubvert the Caldean Monarchie : the word Mulus had rela-
tion to his mixture of bloud; his mother being a Mede, his Syre a Perfian.
Hee married Caffandana, and by her had Cambyfes that reigned after him.
Cyrus after he had ruled thirty yeares, and in that time had added to his
Empire, Arabia, Mefopotamia, Syria, Capadocia, Phrygia, Armenia,&c. ho-
ped alfo to fubject Scythia, but neere the river Oxus was flaine by Tomyris
the Queene of thoſe parts of Zagathaya: but (upon ranfome) his body
was delivered and convayed to Pafagard where Alexander found hisTomb,
but not that wealth he thought it had contained. Cambyfes ruled the Per-
fian Monarchie but nine yeares; of whofe reigne is little to be faid fave
that he ſubdued Ægipt: after which he grew fo luxurious and tyrannous,
that all men hated him: his death was imputed to divine Juftice, for, at
Memphis hee committed facriledge in the Temple of Apys or Anubys, and
broke the neck of that apifh god fet there by the idolatrous Egyptians:
but at Damafcus fell accidentally upon his owne weapon, and dyed by it.
At his death feven Noble men or Magi of Perfia feverally contended for
the Diadem (for Smerdis the upftart King was difcovered by wanting his
eares to be an impoftor;) of which, Darius firnamed Hiftafpes (who by
the cunning of his Groome made his horfe neigh next morne before the
reft) mounted the Throne: and the Mayopovía or delivery of the King-
dome from the Magi, from that time to Alexanders comming, was annually
celebrated. Darius governed happily 35 yeares: the laft only was infor-
tunate, by that overthrow he received at Marathon by Miltiades the noble
Athenian. This is he who fo much favoured the Jewes and Ierufalem:
his death was cauſed by loffe of that battell at Marathon, and that by it hee
wanted Anthina's faire daughter. This Darius Hiſtaſp I imagine to be
that fame Gustafp who firft by Zertoofts impofture (as elfe-where I have re-
membred)made his people fire worshippers. To Darius fucceeded his fon
Xerxes, by the Perfians call'd Ardxer: an infortunate Prince; for howbeit
he was in his time the greateft Emperour in the world, and had a world of
men and wealth to obey his humours; yet what by too much confidence
in them, and contempt of other Princes, he reaped the greateſt diſhonour
that ever befell any Prince of Perfia: for, albeit, he entred Greece with an
army
LIB. 2
271
and Conquests of Perfia.
1
army of 1800000 men, yet could he not prevent an overthrow given him
at the ftraits of Thermophila by Leonidas the Spartan Generall, who had
not foure thouſand men: and by Themistocles the Admirall neere to Sala-
mys, was equally oppofed, and his whole Army confounded. After 20
yeeres rule he died, and left Arta-xerxes his fon his inheritor. This Ar-
taxerxes (i. e. a victorious conquerour) is in Perfian ſtory call'd Ard-ccer-
Bahaman; and by Arabian writers, Tama-xerxicas: this is he that married
Atoffa or Hefter the Jew, in which book he is named Ahasuerus: at the end
of forty foure yeeres happy government he died,and Artaxerxes firnamed
Meenon in his place was crowned King : (ſome inſert Darius Nothus before
him.) Artaxerxes (fonne of Artaxerxes and Parifatys daughter of Cyrus)
ruled Perfia forty and two yeeres, and at the age of eighty was buried at
Perfepolis, Artaxerxes Ochus his fonne fucceeded him: who alfo when he
had governed cruelly twenty and fix yeeres, was haftned (but by an un-
timely death) after his Father; Arfes (or Arfamus his fonne) inveſting him-
felfe with the Perfian roabs of rule and majefty. Of Arfes, little can bee
faid fave that he died by the hands of the Eunuch Bagoas his Fathers mur-
derer, after his Coronation foure yeere: and in his place (by meanes of
Bagoas) Darius Codomanus, (by Perfians call'd Darab kowcheck i. e. lit-
tle Darius) was faluted King: him Alexander the victorious Greek ore-
threw ; in three great battells, at Arbela, Amanus, and Granicus : the
laft, concluded his life and fix yeeres reigne, Anno Mundi 3640, of the Perfia ſub-
Olympiad 112, of Rome 420, and before the Nativity 333 yeeres or there-jected by the
Greeks.
abouts.
Alexander (worthily firnamed Great) two yeeres after died at Babylon,
(foretold by a Calan or Indian Gymnofophift,) in the three and thirty of
his age,
of his rule twelve yeeres; his heart was transfer'd to Alexandria,
his corps interd at Babylon. Alexanders Legacy, bequeathing the fucceffi-
on (not to his owne iffue or kin, but) to the Worthieft, made Pyrrha's
bones revive againe; difcord, and pride, and envie, emulating every of his
great Captaines, who by this common Motto,Virtus mihi Numen, &En-
fis quem gero, challenged the Empire, and ceafed not to lay claime, till
death and warres fury cut them off; Seleuchus Callynicus fonne to Antio-
chus Theos by furvivership (after long ftormes) feeming to fteare in that
unruly Ocean: during whofe life and fifty yeers after, the Greeks awed
Perfia,till fuch time as Arbaces an heroyck Parthian broke that yaok of la Recovered
very afunder, and for three and twenty yeeres did what was poffible to re- by Arbaces
vive the more than halfe dead Perfians. To Arbaces ſucceeded Methri- a Parthyan,
dates, who ruled twenty yeeres, after whom, Pampafius twelve, Pharnaces
eight, Methridatus Medus thirteene; to whom followed Phraortes, (call'd
by the Perfes Pharug-zed) Artabanus, (call'd Ard-Bahaman) Methridates
3, and then Herodes,flaine by Phraortes his cruell fonne. At this time Craf
Jus the rich and famous Roman was flaine and twenty thousand Romans
at Carrhas by the Parthians; a foule blemiſh to the Romans; till foone
after Ventidius (Mark Anthonies Liefetenant) parged it by a new victory,
in which Pacorus the Kings fonne was by that valiant Roman flaine; and
the Empire acknowledged Auguftus Cæfar over them; who depofed the
Paricide, and made another Phraortes King in his roome. At this time was
1
ecchoed
+
!
272
LIB. 2
The Religion
ecchoed the golden fong Pacem te pofcimus omnes: a time moft fit to enter-
taine the Prince of Peace, Chrift Jefus our Saviour, who as then became
fleſh, and dwelt amongst the fonnes of finfull men.
To Phraortes 2, fucceeds theſe feverall Dynafts of Parthia ; Orodes,Or
Daridæus, Vonones, Tereditates (the laſt of the Arſacidæ) flaine treache-
rouſly by Artabanus; to whom thefe; Bardanis, Goterys, Vonones 2, Volo-
gefes, Artabanus 2, Pacorns, Chozroes, Pharmafpates, Vologeses 2, Vologeses 3,
and laftly Artabanus, vanquifht by Garacalla, by Macrinus flaine: Howbeit
in him the hopes of Perfia flept not, but rather joyed at the farwell of that
ftrange race; for upon that advantage (the Empire feeming diſtracted
Redacted by twixt two feverall affections Jone Artaxerxes (Chobad before,but to ſpeed
the Perfian.
the better he affumes this pleafing name) fteps forth, and with a Majeſtick
grace modeftly chides his Country-men for their floth and faint-hearted-
neffe; and that now or never the occafion was offered of reviving their
name and redacting the Perfian Empire to her former freedome and luftre:
the people admire the man, and by his name doubt not that hee was a true
Perfian; ſo as with an unanim affent they crowne his temples with the
Dyadem, and refolve under him to dye or to difpell that cloud of bondage
which the Parthian had fo long wrapt them in. For three dayes the fight
continued twixt thofe two neighbours, the ſtake was freedome and Mo-
narchie: at length the Perfian has the victory,and Artabanus the Parthyan
King by his death put this late triumphane Empire into bondage. After
that he vanquiſht the Roman Emperour Alexander Severus ; but in the
15 yeare of his reigne is himfelfe by impartiall death vanquished. An. Dom.
243 Sapores his fonne begun to feigne. And here Teixere may be taxed,
who affures us that Artaxerxes late named (or as they call him, Ardkhyr-
babba-cawn, i. e. Father and Lord to men of warre,) reigned contempo-
rarie with Cajar Auguftus. This fame Sapores is by the Perfians call'd
Shaw-Por: by Teixera, Schabur; by schicard, Xabur-Xabulketaph or Dhul
Aktaf: a Prince fufficiently couragious, but bafely cruell. He over-ranne
Syria, Cilicia, Mefopotamia, Capadocia, Armenia,&c. but returned with
many curfes for his crueltie, and had next yeare beene retaliated by Gordi.
anus the Roman, had not this Emperour dyed by the hands of Philippus a
rebell, that flew him at Ctesiphon. But which efflated sapores above the
reft was the rate overthrow he gave two yeares after to Licinius Valerianus
firhamed Colobus,Roman Emperor,who after he had inhumanly triumphed
over St. Lawrence, & thouſands of other Chriftians whom he made Martyrs
or witneſſes; in an open field Sapores vanquifht him (betray'd fome fay by
Macrinus his Liefetenant ) and to his dying day made that proud Roman
his footftoole to mount upon: verifying the old faid Saw,
Superbos fequitur ultor a tergo Deus.
After he had tyraminifed twenty yeeres hee dyed Anno Domini 173; and
before the Hegira or Muffulmaniſh accompt 347. To Sapores followed
Ormifda (Cherman-fha, fay the Perfians) who at the end of thirteene
months dyed, and Vararanes for three yeeres (till death prevented) fue-
ceeded him; rohim Narfes,(Tefdgird fay the Perfians:) who after fixteene
yeeres rule died alſo, and left to inherit, his fonne Vararanes 2 (cogno-
minated seganenfe,) by Perfians calld Bakaran; who in the first quarter fél-
lowed
LIB. 2
and Conquefts of Perfia.
273
lowed the common fate, Narfes a ſtranger fucceeding him. This Narfes
made bitter warre with the Armenians and Mefopotamians, at which Ga-
lerius ſtormed; but his being the Roman Emperor could not dant Narfes,
nor priviledge him from being beaten; yet in the fecond conflict is victor:
and Narfes for griefe and fhame burnes himſelfe; after he had eight yeers
ruled Perfia. Mifdates his fonne reighned ſeven yeere after his fachers
death to whom followed Sapores an Anti-Chriftian: for the Romans
did not rage more furiouſly againſt the Chriſtians in the leffer Afia, than
did this Tyrant in the great : he was a pofthumus,and the crowne fet upon
his mothers belly, even before his birth acknowledging him their fove-
raigne: hoe was the Romans inplacable enemy; by no threats, no bribes,
no reaſons to be pacified: he fired Nifibis, not valuing that Bacchus was
there borne and fuckled: after which, in his owne Dominions he martyrd
(as Ecclefiaftick writers report) from the yeere 337, to 347, above thirty
thouſand Chriſtians: for in thofe dayes, thofe eafterne parts were moſt
part Chriftians: the names of many of thofe noble Martyrs you have in
Sezimen: he alſo affronted (but with bad fucceffe) Conftantius the Roman
Emperour, who dyed of griefe fo foone as hee heard what cruelties Sapor
had perpetrated upon the Citifens of Singara. Bizabda, Aminda, Bombyca,
&c. Mopfierive a Towne under mount Taurus in huming him. No better
luck had that malicious Apoftat Iulian, who when he had done his worſt
againſt the Chriſtians,endeavored the fubverfion of Perfia;but moſt ſtrang-
ly he is peirced with a Perfian dart in the night and expires with a tandem
viciſti Galileë, and in his place Iovinian with the joyfull cry of all his
Camp, Omnes fumus Chriftiani, was faluted Emperour of the Romans.
He could do but little good against the Perfians,and therefore returnes to-
wards Conftantinople, but in the way is arrefted by grim death, after hee
had beene but eight months, Emperor. Sapores about that time alſo fighed
out his affrighted ghoft, at the age and reigne of ſeventy one. Anno Mundi
4350 Anno Domini 380. and Artaxerxes his brother ruled after him; who
dyed in the 11 yeare of his reigne. Sapores followed him, after five.
Varanes firnamed Cermizat him, after 10 yeares: and to him fucceeded
Tezdgørd a conftant friend unto the Romans; and (as Socrates Scolaſt.
reports) a Chriſtian: converted by Maruthas Biſhop of Mefopotamia, fent
into Perfia to that end by Pope Innocent and Theodofius the Emperor. The
Perfian Stories fay he apoftatized; who can tell the truth of it: this is cer-
taine,that in the 20 yeare of his reigne Anno Dom. 426 hee dyed; and that
Varanes 4 (or Baharan) inherited his royalties. By all Writers this
Prince is taxed for his perfidie, luft, and crueltie, efpecially against the
Chriftians. In their defence Theodorus junior fends Artaburus with a gal-
lant Armie. Vararanaes diffiding in his owne, requefts ayd from Alaman-
durus a Saracen : whofe Armies when they met, were fo many, that they
covered the earth for many miles with their intumerable numbers. At
Babylon both meet: but ere the battell begun, fuch a pannique feare ftruck
the Pagans that they fled amazedly: by land fome perifht, but Euphrates
without any pittie ingulpht 100000 of thoſe miſcreants, and by that loffe
the Perfian King is heart-broken, after he had tyrannized 20 yeares ; and
another Vararan s of that name placed in his ftead: hee tooke truce with
Martiange
274
LIB. 2
The ſeverall Kings
Martianus the Emperour, and after 17 yeeres left both life and crowne:
Perozes fucceeded him, call'd Pheruz by the Perfians; a Prince more rafh
than valiant: in the 20 yeere of his reigne, the warres of Scythia made an
end of him. Valens (or Belax and Talas) was then chofen King; he ruled
4 yeeres; to him Cabades, (call'd allo Chobad and Canades) dethron'd by
Lambafes in the 11 yeere of his greatneffe: which Lambafes (or Blafes) was
alfo depofed by the Nobles of Perfia in the 4 yeere, for that hee had fet
forth an Edict, that all women fhould be us'd in common: and Canades is
re-eſtabliſhed, but at laft through his too much curtefy to his vile brother
is made blind, and the other mounts the Throne againe. At this time
great warres commenced 'twixt the Roman and Perfians; the Perfian
ftorming that at their perfwafion Zatus (fonne to Gurgenus King of the
Lazarrs, a part of Colches or Mengrellya) had received Baptifme at Con-
ftantinople, Inftyn the Emperour witneffing for him at the Font. After
that this Perfian Tyrant had full gorg'd himſelfe with the flaughter of
many thouſands of the Lazarrs and Armenians, Death fummons him to
an unwilling accompt, after 30 yeeres tumultuous reigne: and Cozrhee his
fon (they call him Chezir) is folemnly crowned the Perfian King. About
this time the Roman Monarchy in the Weft took end. Chozrhoe of all the
Tyrants of Perfia was moft wicked and defperate: hee firft concluded
peace for 110 yeeres with Inftinian the Roman Emperour; but quickly
broke it, and to the utmost of his power inraged them : 'twould bee end-
leffe to ſpeak his reftleffe motion,his barbarifme, his hypocrify. In meere
malice he put to death his brother Balax and Afpebides his aged Uncle; the
people murmur at him, and to be even with them, he commands them to
follow him into Syria, where hee ingages their valour and at Palmgria is
beaten foundly; but fo exafperated that he ranfacks Barrhofa, Antioch,
Selucia, Apamea, and other parts; in Phenicia alſo hee gluts his miſchiefe:
there hee forced Euphemia a Chriftian Lady, and of her begot Hormifda
who fucceeded him : hee alfo there compelled the chaft Nymphs of
Daphné to offer incenfe to him, as to a Deity: and for their kindneffe ra-
viht them. He confumed the great and ftately Temple dedicated to St.
Michael the Arch-Angell: and accompted it no facriledge to rob other
Churches: hee befieged Sergiropolis, but is forced thence difhonourably:
he attempts the ſpoile of Ierufalem, but hearing that Belliſarius (in his time
the moſt rich and wretchedly poore of men) was approaching, hee renues
his league with the Romans: but purpoſes not long to keepe it; for next
yeere hee forrages Armenia, and Phoenicia. Anno Dom. 556, Tuftyn the
Roman Emperour enters Mengrellia, and by death of Nachorages the Per-
fian Generall got a happy victory: Cozrhoë next yere affaults Ediſſe, but
fruitleffely; for at Sagarthon, that yeere the Chriftians vanquifht him: As.
Domini 574, he commands Artabanus (or Adaarmanes) with a great Army
to enter the leffer Afia: accordingly they fpoyle Syria, and unpeople
Antioch in Iberia alſo and Armenia they entred with no leffe voracity.
At this time Armenia received the Chriftian Faith; and the Romans have
cõplaints ſent them of cozrhoes his cruelty. Iuftin fends Tiberius (elected
Cafar) to quiet him. His Army was great, and confifted of many Nations,
French, Italians, Peonians, Illirians, Mifians, Maffagets, Ifauriaus, &c.
cowards
LIB. 2
275
and Conquests of Perfia.
towards Armenia he marches to meet with Cofrbos: Cefaria (the Cappa-
docian Metropolis) he foone maftered, and after long toyle comes in view
of the Enemie. The Perfians were ftrong and luftie. The fignall of bat-
tell was no fooner given, but each man in a wrathfull pofture haftned to
vent their furie. Cofrhoe by a figh prefages his overthrow, but doubts it
more when Curſé a Scythian that led the right wing of the battell
entred with rare courage into the body of the Pagan Armie, and maftred
all the Perfian baggages: but the loffe of that fight did not fo much grieve
him, as that his Fire-god was falne into the hands of his fcoffing Enemies.
Many night ftratagems he invented to recover it, but all to no purpoſe: fo
that feeing it paft recoverie, it broke his heart at Ctesiphon, after hee had
reigned 48 yeares: leaving this report behind him, that to the Chriftians
he was cruell; to the Greeks perfidious; to the Perfians luftfull and ty-
rannicall. In his place, his fonne Hormisda (Ormous by the Perfians hee is
call'd) was crowned Monarch of Perfia: Anno Dom.580,of the world 45 50
His eight yeares rule was troubleſome: for in his 3 yeare, Mauritius (fon
in law and Liefetenant to Tiberius and alfo Emperour afterwards) ham-
mered the face of Perfia; he ranged where hee pleafd and did what lifted
him; albeit to prevent it Tama-Cofrhoé, Adaarman, Alamandure, and Theo-
dorique did what they could to hinder him. Anno Dom. 589 Philippicus
with fome Roman Legions entred Perfia, eſpecially to comfort the poore
Chriſtians who were threatned by the Magicians to be flaine all of them
that yeare by myracle. Cardarigas the Perfian Generall ſuppoſes they
were forced thither by a fate uncontroleable: but the event prov'd fuch
as inftead of the Chriftians, above 300co Perfians were flaine by the great
valour,the 3 great Captains Philippicus, Heraclius, and Vitylian manifefted
amongſt the ſuperftitious, who depended upon fome fupernaturall helps
fo long that Nacure no whit defended them. Barames a noble Perfian by
hap eſcaped, but not a ſecond diſadventure; for Hormisda grew ſo madded
at his late overthrow, that hee forces Barames to weare womens apparell,
and with a Diſtaffe in's hand to difport the infulting multitude: but this
jeere coft him deerely, for parames flies into fuch parts as loved him, and
incenſes Bindois a potent Perfian against the King, by whoſe confederacie
they raiſe ſo great an Armie, and paffe to Shyraz fo privatly, that ere many
knew of their approach they enter the Citie and imprifon the King; yea
that fame day crowne his fonne Chozroes King: the barbarous Traytors
executed their wrath upon the Queen & her children, whom moft cruelly
they fawed afunder:at which Hormisda expreffes al the fymptoms of an in-
raged man: his fon cannot comfort him, becauſe his beloved wife was ir-
recoverable. Cofrhoes in paffion commands fome villaines to temper him,
whofe crueltie prov'd fuch as drubd the wretched King to death: an act
fo infernally devilliſh, that all Perfia curfed him. Vpon their mutterings
he growes tyrannicall, but Barames that had mounted him, with the fame
hand thinks to pull him downe: the King acquainted with his intent, com-
mands this and that man to raiſe ſome force to punifh him, but into fuch
hate was he growne, that none would obey him; whereby, to fave his life.
he flies with Cefarca his wife to Byzanth, (his Parents dreadfull ghofts eve-
rie where hanting him :) But by the Chriftian Emperour Mauritius and
Nn
his
276
LIB. 2
The feverall Kings
his Empreffe is with his Queene and little ones courteously welcommed
After he had repos'd a while, the Emperour affifted him with an Armie
commanded by Narfes and Commentiolus to re-inveft him in his Empire:
into Hyeropolis and Martiropolis they eafily entred: at Daraz the Rebel Ba-
rames affronted him with an Armie of Scythique-Perfians: but fuch was
the courage of the Chriftians that Barames was vanquifhed. Cofrhoes re-
turnes the Chriftian his thanks in teares of joy: and knowing nothing
would better pleaſe them than his conformitie, he preſented them with
a rich Croffe, of great value in jems and gold, and returnes that other
(which Theodore wife to Iuftinian had devoted) brought from Antioch
by Chofroé the elder, and dedicates another made at's owne charge, cir-
cumfcrib'd with an hypocritick Motto thus beginning, Hanc Crucem ego
Chofroes Rex Regum,&c.mifi,&c.Quoniam ope San&i Sergii Martiris hono-
rabilis contra Baramum iniquiffimum adepti fumus,votum fecimus,&c. Nos
auream Crucem lapillis diftinctam ad ejus Templum miffuros,&c. una cum
Cruce quam Iuftinian Imp. ad Templum ejus mifit, & quam Cofrhoes Rex
Regum,&c. filius (abadi noftri proavi,&c.huc advekit,&c.ad Ædem San&i
Sergii mittendum curavimus,&c. as you may find at large memorized by
Baronius. A Difh of gold alſo he dedicated with this inſcription, Ego Cof
rees Rex Regum,&c. hæc in Difco infcribenda curavimus,non ut fpectentur
ab hominibus,&c. Nay, he went further in his hypocrifie : hee gave out to
indeare the Chriftians (his owne hated him) that he affected to be a Chri-
ftian: but how politique fo ere he was, his Queene Cefarca found him a
diffembler. Shee (good Lady) to efpoufe Chrift, fled to Conftantinople,and
there received baptiſme moſt joyfully: Cofrhoes followed her with 60000
men, and when he faw the was not to be recovered without he would be-
come a Chriſtian,he alſo was baptized and all fuch as followed him ; to the
amazement of the Afiatique world as P. Diaconus has it in his 4 lib.
16 ch. In Victor alfo and in Iohn Abbot of Biclar, as is extant in his Epifle
in theſe words, In his ergo temporibus quibus Deus omnipotens proftrato ve-
ternoſæ herefis veneno, pacem fuæ reſtituit Ecclefia,Imp. Perfarum Chriſti fi-
dem fufcipiens,&c. But to ſpeak of his Apoftafie, his crueltie againſt the
Chriftians, and other barbarifmes he afterwards perpetrated,would rather
require a volume than to be confin'd to fo fmall a narration as I intend to
all ofthem. For fo foone as he heard of the maffacre of Mauritius,his wife
and children, by Phocas a Captaine in his Armie; and of the arrogance of
Boniface the Romish Bishop, who at that time affumed the title of univer
fall Biſhop,he rejects Lilius the Roman Ambaſſ. & Apoſtatiſes; yea vowes
to facrifice himselfe in Mauritius his quarell, or be revenged on that villa-
nous Phocas: and thence-forward he revives his Pagan titles; in all his let-
ters and proclamations beginning thus,Cofrhoes King of Kings,Lord of Lords,
Ruler of Princes, Salvation of men, &c. By fuch his blafphemie he hoped to
affure his owne he was once more a Pagan. Anno Dom.603 with an Armie
of 100000 men he entred Syria; there, in Palestine and Phenicia doing all
the miſchiefe imaginable. All the leffer Afia parched in his inflamed furie :
hee harried the poore Chriftians as farre as Chalcedon: takes Capeffa and
Edyffa. Anno Dom. 612 hee heares of the untimely deaths of Narfes and
Phocas his enemies, beheaded by Heraclius the Emperour. That yeare
alfo
LIB. 2
277
and Conqueft's of Perfian.
alſo he ſackt Apamea, Cefaria, Cappadocia,&c. but at Antioch is overjoyed
with a victorie he obtain'd against the Chriftians: This encouraged him to
Over-runne Palestyne, Ierufalem alfo, where hee derided Zacharias the Pa-
triarch and transferd the Croffe thence to Shyraz in Perfia: hee fubdued
Egipt alſo, Alexandria, and Lybia; and made the blackt fac't Ethiopians
admire his frenzie. The Roman Empire had reaſon to be affrighted, when
they felt his wrath in Anatolia, chiefly in Ancyra the Galatian Metropolis.
'Tis reported that in that out-breaking he flew 300000 Chriftians ; agran-
diz'd by the Jewes who followed him, and payd readie money for many
Chriſtians, whom without mercie they flaughtered. Heraclius fent 70
Roman Gentlemen to mediate Peace; Saes the Perfian Generall threa-
tens them as fpies, and barbarouſly beat them back againe. Heraclius is fo
impatient at that high indignitie, as with a good number of men he fought
with Saes and gets the victorie: Saes for his payment is by Cofrhoes com-
mand flayed alive, and Sarbaras made Generall. Heraclius Winterd in the
Pontique Regions, Sarbaras with a monftrous Armie paffes through Cili-
cia, and one Moone-fhine night affayled the Romans whom he thought to
have found unprepared: but by that hafte loft socoo of his men, and gave
a brave encouragement to the Chriftians. Cofrhoe next yeare ſent Sarna-
baffato trie his fortunes.
Heraclius requires a truce, but Cofrhoes vowes revenge,and never to reſt
vexing the Chriftians. And to that end fends Sathy into Trepizond, but
at Azotus, Heraclius affronted him, and had the victorie. At Gazacot,
Cozrhoes dares the Roman Emperour with an Armie of 50000 Perfians:
never was battell better fought nor more doubtfully; but at length the
Perfians flie away, yea Cofrhoes upon a fwift Arabian Courfer pofts to
Theobatman, hoping there if any where to finde fafetie. But fuch was the
generall hate he had plunged himfelfe into, that he diftrufts that Sanctua-
rie. Heraclius refolves to ferrit him, but cofrhoes hearing of his approach,
thinks it more ſafe to flie away than looke for help from that helpleffe
Deity. Heraclius when he had throughly fearched that idolatrous place
and could not find him, is forrie; but rejoyces againe that his Deaftri were
there to execute his wrath on. The people, fome he flew, the reft he ba-
niſhed: the Flamens he facrificed to their Idoll, the Pyree he incinerated,
and made other common fire be commixt with that they boafted they
had from heaven, and together made it confume the whole Citie into
aſhes: at Gazacot alfo hee did the like where was another Pyree infinitly
reforted to by thoſe Idolaters. An abomination taught them by Zertooft in
King Gustafps time, and feemes to mee either that which Mofes forbad the
Ifraelites, that they fhould not let their feed (or children) paſſe through
the fire to Moloch (which ſome think was abrazen hollow heated Statua)
or as the Sepharuites practis'd, of whom 'tis faid, that they burnt their chil-
dren in the fire to Adrammeleckand Anammelec, the Gods of Sephervaim,
as is in Levit.18.21.and in the 2 Kings 17.17.and 31. and concerning which
Idolatry we read in Lucian,Strabo lib.x15.Procopius lib.2.de bello Perfico, Aga
thias lib.2,&c.
Amongst other things which Heraclius found there in that Temple de-
dicated to the Sun, was oneDeafter or image of Cofrhoes,which the people
worshipped a
Na 2
278
LIB. 2
The ſeverall Kings
worshipped the frame was round, reſembling heaven; his head was
wreathed with the Sun; the rayes ſpread themſelves to the umbelique on
navell of the image: on one fide was the Sun againe depicted, on th other
the Moone and Starres, his brother and fifters ; and under his feet,the An-
gels with Crownes and Scepters, attending him: but albeit the work was
rare and the materiall of refined gold; yet did the good Emperour throw,
it into the fire to incorporate it with his Diety. Cofrhoes by this had ga-
thered a freſh Armie out of Hyrcania, and bids sha-Rablecca to forrage Al
bania: but they stood fo excellently upon their defence that Rablacca re-
turnes till Sarbaras with new forces forc't him back; and much hurt quefti-
onleffe had they done had not Heraclius fpeedily entred and rooted them.
bath in one day, yet neither knowing it. Mahomet the Prophet was in He-
racliu's Armie till now: and about this time begins the Hegyra or flight of
that falfe Prophet from Mecca, whofe people threatned to kill him for his
innovation and doctrine. Anno Dom.622 and ofthe Emperours reigne 13,
Sarbaras paſt his Armie over Euphrates of purpoſe to trie the fortune of
warre with Heraclius: who ſo ſoone as hee knew his intent gave him rea
fon to repent his arrogance: the good Emperour himfelfe difcharging his
duty fo excellently& with fuch excellent courage,that Sarbanas upon view
of it cryed out thus to Cofma his Companion, O Cofmal feeft thou with
what courage the Emperour fights certainly hee alone is able to vanquish
all our multitudes. That Winter the Emperour marched to Sebastia, and
croffing the river Halys made Paphlagonia his rendezvous. But Cofrhoe (wels
with paflion, and combines with Lucifer, that by diabolicall Witchcraft he
might vex the miferable Chriftians, against whom hee raged with all forts
of cruelty and ere he gave a farewell to this world,once more ventures a
battell with the Romans: 150000 men he mufters up, and divides them
in three; to Sayn one part, to Serbaras another, to himſelfe the reft: ima-
gining by fome or all of thefe to doe wonders. Sayn with his 50000 went
againſt the Emperour, Serbaras with his 50000 marche to Conftantinople:
and Cofrbue ſtayes upon the frontiers. Heraclius divides his alfo into three;:
the one to haften into Thrace, the other to beftow a Camifado upon Sans: ›
Quarter, the laft hee led himfelfe into the Lazic Territories: to which
place the Gazarrs (a fort of Turk) came to ferve him: Theodore in fmall
time rais'd Sayns Armic, his Chryfoloc; affifted by hayle from heaven, fo
direfully thundring on them, that all men there, faw that God fought for
them. Sen was flaine in that battell, but in ftead of a decent buriall, the
Perfian Tyrant array'd his carcaffe in raggs,perfumed him with dogs turds
and flafht his fenceleffe trunck into a thousand peeces. That yeare the
Gazarrs (to gratifie Heraclius) under conduct of Ziebit broke through the
Cafpian ftraits, and did the Perfians much mischiefé, and to the Roman:
Armie expreft no ſmall affection. Anno Dom: 626 Sørbaras, with infinit
troopes entred Thrace, pillaged Calcedon, atowne built by Infonand Ar.
gias, much traded to, in view of Byfanthand upon the Refphorus. After that,
they layd fiege to Conftantinoples and for ten dayes, inceffantly laboured
to enter it but fuch was the excellent courage of the Chriftians, fuch.
her naturall defence, that the Perfians could not prevaile but upon notice
that Heraclius was approching,they raisid their fiege &retreated fhamfully..
་
ABNO.
"
LIB. 2
279
and Conquefts of Perfia.
Anno 628. the Roman Emperour entred Armenia, and in a long fought
battell obtained a mervailous great victorie. After which, hee demoliſht
Ctesiphon, and purſued Cofrhoe who when he heard that Sarbaras bad fped
but ill in Thrace, and had re-delivered Calcedon to the Chriftians, inflamed
with paffion he fends a villain an Affaffinate to murther him: but by ftrange
hap the Emperors fonne had notice of it and acquaints the Generall; who
by this ingratitude of Coffhoe begun to raife a dangerous, rebellion. Cof-
rhoes when he ſaw things fucceeded thus infortunatly, in anguifh of foule
breath'd out his ſpirit: a Fever firſt, and then a Flux fo taking him, that
after he had reigned so yeares, upon his death-bed he nominated, as King
his fonne Marde fae begot of Spra his Queene; who ere hee could fet the
Crowne on's head, was flaine by Syroes his brother, yea before his fathers
face: an act ſo horryd that Cofrhoe bitterly curfes him; but Sproes (the
moft bloudie viper that ever liv'd) heaps greater finnes upon his head, by
commanding fome villains to fhoot him to death:at that inftant his loathed
foule call'd to mind his like cruelty to Hormifde his father, and acknow-
ledged that God was juft in his retaliation.
So foone as Heraclius heard of Cofrhoes death, he imagines all his
quar.
rells ended that yeare therefore he travell'd to the holy Citie, and pre-
ſented Zacharyas the then Patriarch with the Croffe of Chrift, found by
Saint Helena (a Brittanish Lady) 3 May 326. and ravifht thence by Cofrhues
as I lately remembred. His triumphant entring thither was the 17 of Sep-
tember 628: the fame yeare that Boniface publifhed to the world his Ca-
tholique Supremacie ; and in which,Mahomet divulg'd his Alcoran.
7.
Syrees (by Teixera call'd Chobad-Xirviké, in the Tarich or Annal of
Time, Scyrviah) in the fixth yeare of his reigne was flaine by Sarbaras.
Sarbaras is by the Perfians call'd Shawryr; by Shicard, sharibar: in the
third moneth of his reigne he flew Ardchyr ben Xirviah, right heire to the
Crowne: eight moneths after that, is himselfe flaine by Toon fha or Shyne
sham, Lord of part of Taurus. The fucceffours to this man are incertainly
delivered.The Roman Authors from him to the conquest of Mahomet rec-
kon three Kings of Perfia. The Arabs 6. The Perfians s. The Tarich 4.
Teifhera The Armenians 11. How can I therefore reconcile them?
The moſt plaufible is this. That loon-fha at the end of three moneths was
banifht by Taman or Turan Doc naturall daughter to Cofrkoe. She had as
bad a fate; at the end of fixteene moneths fhee was poyloned and dyed,
much lamented: to her followed Iazan-Zeddahs, by the Tarich call'd Tan
ku.kar-connah; by Elmacyu, Gafcan-zedda, who ruled nine months; to him
fucceeded Azurmy Doc (Gofrhoes youngest daughter) who after ſixteene
moneths dyed; and left Shezir (or Rezir) to ſucceed her; who alfo at the
end of fix weeks was flaine by Phorog-Zeddah(or Shyriar as fome call him
who after like time,dyed of poylon,and Tefdgyrd followed,who was forth-
with made away by Bornary, and he by Hermifdas; the laft of thofe 12
vanishing Turrets, Cofrhee law in a perplexed vifion one night after he had
beene admiring Ariftotle. The Period of Perfia's command was now ac
compliſhed. Such time as Hormisde after five yeares rule (ten fome fay;
others fix ;) was flaine by Omar the 2 Calyph after Mahomet: at which
time viz. Anno 640 and of the world 4610. and from the yeare of the
Hegira
280
LIB. 2
The ſeverall Kings
quered by
the Arabi
Perſia con- Hegira 20. by whofe fall, Perfia after fo long glory fets in an Ecliptique
cloud,and is fettered and forced under the iron yoak of Saracenic bondage.
Mahomet (whole life and acts I have already ſpoken of) was borne in
Arabia petrea, Anno Dom.574. in the yeare 620 was banifht Mecca: and in
the yeare 637. May 3 and at the age of 63 dyed, and was buried in Medina
( Munichiates formerly) now call'd Tal-nabi.i.e.the Citie of Gods Pro-
phet. From him to Abbas I intend to runne over curfarily: and to reject all
ans.
circumftances.
To Mahomet fucceeded Ebubokar, Abdalla Eubochar ſome name him. In
the great Clymactick yeare he alfo dyed; fufpected to be poyfoned: he fat
as King of Perfia and Caliph, but two yeares. Omar fucceeded him. Hee is
called Hommar and Homer, and was ſonne to Kattab-Faruques, a wealthy
Merchant. Ally the Perfian and ſonne in law to Mahomet, was by this reft-
leffe Kalyph not a little perfecuted in his quarell: hee fackt Bafra an Aras
bian Citie, wall'd by Muflyn; and as an over-flowing turrent, rufht as farre
as Gabata, monftroufly tyrannizing in Syria and Egipt; after that heeru-
ines Palestine and Iberia, and as an unluckie comet blazes in Afria, where
he full gorg'd his furie. At Bagdat hee intends to meditate, but commands
Mavi to fack Damafcus, and encourages other his grand Captaines to doe
their beſt to propagate the Alcoran in all Nations. Ruftan-beg with 15000
horfe enters Cufiftan, but at the fiege of Efcair-Mecron is flaine: and in the
Armie Mofes firnam'd Afhar governed. This wild Arab forced the Citie,
and made Ahawaz, Sabur, Arckan, Cowrestan, Iaarown, and Laar become
Mahomitans, and to enroll themſelves Omars Tributaries. Habu Obed-ben-
Mafudh alfo with 13000 horſe ſubjected Track, wall'd Raftack, and of a
poore Towne made it a brave Citie, but new-named it Kufa or Kalufa-3-
phrat, fince then the place of Coronation for the Kings of Perfia: 'tis 40
miles from Babylon, and conjoynes Mofqued-Ally the buriall place of Mor-
tis-Ally St. King, and Prophet to the Perfians.
Habu Obed next yeare fubdued Wafit upon Dig lat; a Towne agrandiz'd
by Abdal Meleq' Anno Dom.705.Heg.85.Elfheer he alfo attempted;but in the
triall loft sooo men, Obed was flaine and the Saracens rooted. Omar reani-
mates his men, and perfwades them that the Eherians overcame them by
Art Magique which alſo hee knew how to practife. They hope the best
and returne to El Sheyr, under the conduct of Siet-Ben- Abi Vakez, who had
fuch luck through Omars skill, that Elfbeyr was forced to feele his tortures.
At Eleadifia (a frontier Towne) he flew 25000 Perfians, and at Galule,
Spa-hawn, and rezd,at feverall times made Tezdgirdfly; who had no com-
fort left him, when he beheld how fortunatly Omar himselfe fubjected Cu-
fiftae; Parc, Carman, and Iraack; and in Maqueroon, Iaaroon, Edgan, Dea-
com, Lar, shyraz, and Mojoon, had made all men there fweare themſelves
true Muffulmen. Tefdgird dyes, and Hormisda labours to repell the Sara-
cens; but in vaine : an uncontroulable Decree haftned this long flavery and
change of Perfia. 15000 men with himſelfe hee facrific'd as a farwell ende-
vour to his Country. Omar alfo fix moneths after this battell was flaine
trecherouſly by a varlet; and in the Alcaba in Mecca neere to Ebubocar bu-
ried. Ozman (in defpight of All) fucceeded him. Omar fat Kalyph twelve
yeares; this man ten, and foure months in the Pontificacie. By Hucba his
field
LIB. 2
281
and Conquests of Perfia.
•
field Marſhall he fubdued divers parts of Afrique,viz. Numydia,Mauritania,
Lybia, and as far as Carthage. Mavi, Sultan of Damafco, alfo over-ran Syria,
Egypt,and in a rooo Gallyfoifts transfer'd fuch a fwarme of Saracens into
Cyprus, that upon their entry they ſeemed enough to cover it: there they
fackt Conftantia (or Ceraunia, a City built by Cyrus) and thence fell upon
the Rhodes, where they perpetrated all poffible villany : & amongſt other
ſpoyles they dimolifht that Coloffus which was built by Chares of Lynduws,
fcholler to Lyfippus in 13 yeeres. It was 80 cubits high, the thomb as big as
a large man, the leggs ſtood on either fide the river, fo wide and ſpatious,
that thereunder might fayle a large veffell: in the one hand it held a ja-
velin, which it raiſed to the Eaft: on its breaft was a mirror, wherein thoſe
that dwelt far within the Ile might defcry Ships fayling at a great diftance.
This wonder of the world,and which coft 300 Talents, Mavi fold to Emif
Ja a Jew for 200 pounds fterlin: who with the braffe of it loded away 930
Camells. In that Ile he alfo defaced 100 other Coloffes,and of coftly Mo-
numents 73000. During this,Heraclius dyed, Anno Domini 640, after 30
yeeres rule, and in's place Heracl: Conftantinus fucceeded, who in the 7
month of his Empire was poyfoned by Martina his ftep-Dame, and Hera-
clionas her fonne advanced: but were forthwith both of them exiled by
the people, their nofes and tongues cut out; and (onftans faluted Empe
rour in his place.
Ofman by this time had finifht his Paraphraſe upon the Alcoran, and di-
gefted it into 7 fmall books, fubdivided into 114 chapters. It hapned that
by fome chance or other he loft a Ring of gold which Mahomet left him,
and which was to difcend to every fucceeding Calyph; no paines, no ma-
gick could recover it: he conceales the loffe, and made one of filver, em-
bowelling a Motto or Symbol, to this purpoſe; O Pertinaces, O Pæniten-
tes: from which patterne, all Mahomitans to this day weare their Rings
of filver.
Ofman's mind fancies new conquefts, and under a pretext of charity ;'to
teach thoſe purblind Nations the leffon how to attaine Paradife. India
in thoſe dayes was rich and well peopled: to any would undertake the im-
ployment he gives a thouſand benedictions. Abdall-ben-Emyr accepts the
hazard,& with 30000 horfe hafts thitherward;but by new commands from
Ofman who had confidered how long a bufineffe 'twould bee to fubdue
India, he directs his courfe towards Tartary. Aria hee eafily fubjugated,
Corafan, Maurenahar. Gafnehen; and took the Cities of Nizabur, Thalecan,
and Tochariſtan; yea all Dilemon to Balk, and as farre as Iehun and Ardoc
would give leave; rivers beyond Oxus. But Ofman how victorious ſo ere
he was abroad, dyed miferably at home of poyion; which he fuckt volun-
tarily, rather than be flain by the inraged multitude : in the 88 yeere of his
age, of his Calyphfhips yeeres & 8 months, Anno Domini 655. Heg. 35.
and in his place long-lurking Ally is faluted King and Calyph : whofe reign
was full of mifery; for Mavi ftormes at Ofmans fall, and with 100000
men enters Arabia to depofe Ally, but in th'incounter loft icooo men;
howbeit at the ſecond tryall Ally loft the day,his life, his Empire. Of the
Ægyptians were flaine 15000: of Saracens 20000: and by which victory
Mavi or Mnavias was re-faluted King. Mortis-Ally dyed aged 63, and was
buried
282
LIB. 2
The ſeverall Kings
;
buried neere to Cufe upon Euphrates, at Mofquedor Meſſad- Ally, Karb- Ally
fome have mif-called it. Mort is-Ally alfo left a Ring, with which the Perfi-
an Kings wed their Kingdome: it's Motto is (fay the Molai) Corde Sin-
cero Deum veneror: by the Perfians he is fometimes call'd Emir-el-me-
mumin, i.e. Prince of the faithfull. By Fatyma (Mahomets fole child) he
had Ocen (or Hocem) who after few months rule dyed poyfoned, An. Dom.
666. Heg. 46, and was buried at Mofquit-Ally; his Symbol (as fayes the
Inchafin) was Solus Deus Potens. Mavi foone after Hocess death flew 11
of his children,the 12 eſcaped Mufa Cherifim or Mahomet Mahodin by name,
from whom the Kings of Perfis at this day fay they are difcended. Mavi
Lord of the Ben-humian family, when he ſtated himselfe in the Empire;
fent Sufindus his kinfman with huge forces againſt the Grecians:according-
ly Suzindus befeiges Siracufe, & after that Byzanth: but by Conftantine the
Roman Emperor is laftly flain and 30000 other rafcal Sarazens. That fame
yeere the Plague raged fo terribly in the Mahomitan Empire that the like
was never formerly: amongst the reft Mavi expired, aged 77, in his reign
of Egypt &c. 24, his Symbol this (as is reported) Ignofce Precor.
To Mavi followed in the Empire of Perfia and as Kalyph, Thezid or le-
xed: memorable in his veine of Poetry: he it was that put the Alcóran into
that bald rythme, as it is now extant; his venery and riot exafperated
Mutar-Mavia-ben-Abdella, ſo as at the age of 40 hee dyed, having ruled 3
yeeres. Mutar is quickly dethroned by Abdall-ben-Iezid a Ben-humian:
fome are of opinion that Oces and his 11 fons were flain by this Calyph.
Marvan (after he had far 9 months) difpoffeffes him, and hee by Abdalla
againe; But both by Aben or Abdalmelec were both, both of life and King-
dome bereaved. Didacus dethroned Melec, Oyledore, Didacus; and Soly-
man by help of Iuftinian the Emperour flew Oyledore : M lec returnes
from ban fhment and expulfes Sulyman, and moſt exactly tortured Mutarrs
murtherers: the Chriftians were the worſe for this re-eſtabliſhment; for
he forraged Syria, Armenia, Thrace; and in the 15 of his Empire dyed, or-
deyning Vbyt (call'd alfo Vlitus and Evelyd-Miralminus) in his ftead; this
Calyph dyed of griefe, that his Armies he had fent into Spain were rebel-
led." "Zulzimyn fucceeded him; and him, Omar-ben-Abdemazed, depos'd
by Yezid fonne to Melec the late Calyph : Ebrahim fucceeded him, a Prince
foole-hardy and infortunate. After his death the Empire was divided
'twixt Gezid and Voalel; who with all the forces they could make invaded
Europe: thinking it a happy death in ftriving to increaſe their new Religi
on. Into Spaine went Vvalids Army led by Abdiramo : Gezids
part, led
by Sha-Rablan entred France; the first had better fortune than the fe-
cond: they took Granada and ſo rooted themſelves that till Ferdinand of
late expulft them, they there inhabited. Thofe that entred France;
(albeit they were incouraged by Endo Duke of Aquitayne, who hated
Charles Martell mortally) were refifted by Martell and 30000 French Gal-
lants (Endo the Weft-Goth upon better confideration fyding with the
Chriſtians) ſo as after long fight, neere Turin in Peidmont the Saracens
were beaten; and of their numberleffe company 300000 flaine, July 22.
726.as Beda and others at that time living,teftifie: the two Calyphs dyed
of rage when they heard of their misfortunes: Marvan was placed in their
ftead
LIB. 2
283
and Conquefts of Perfia.
ſtead: in whofe time Hyblin his Generall purpofed to invade Tartary with
100000 men; but in the way was affail'd by Sophy Salyn, Saint Azmully's
fonne, of difcent from Ally, and Lamnoit the Arakofian,and in that confli&
was Hiblyn flaine. Marvan vowes revenge, and with 300000 Saracens he
affronts Salyn neere Spahawn, but is vanquished and 100coo of his men
flain; Marvan from Babylon fled to Mecca, and thence into Ægipt, but thi-
ther alfo Salyn purſues him ; and by his death gave an end to his inveterate
enemies the Ben-Humians, begun by Mavi, by Marvan finished.
The family of Mortis-Ally or Ben-Abbas in this man begun agen to rule
the Scepter of Perfia: An.Dom.750.Heg.130. Abuballa a while oppofed Saint
Azmulli, but in vain, Afmulli at Cufe was made King and Chalyph of Perfia.
This man reviv'd Mutar's tenents to the honour of Ally and difgrace of the
three fucceffours of Mahomet: againe revived by Siet Gunet of Ardaveil
as hereafter may be ſpoken of.
Saint Azmulli being dead,his fonne Salyn is faluted King. In three yeares
he allo dyed, & Abu-becr (call'd Bugiafer & Almanfor) followed him in his
royalties. An.758.Heg. 138 he repaired Bagdat. Mahadi-Abibala fucceeded
him, by fome call'd Negmedden Phidul Ally; to whom, Mofes or Eladi-
mirza, father of that Amarumlus the French men prate fo much of. In his
time viz. 798 Charlemaigne flouriſhed, and this our Ifle altered its name
from Brittaine to England. 'Twixt this marumlus (or Aaron King of
Perfia) and the Chriftian Emperour Charles was great friendship: Ambaffa-
dours and Preſents were fent from either of them: of which, read Egine
ardus his Secretarie. This Aaron is thought to have dyed a Chriftian. In
his time many frantick Schollers in the fight of thouſands of men, threat-
ned to flie, but in the tryall from one rock to another dyed miferably.
Aaron after 23 yeares dyed, and Mahomet his fonne reigned after him five
yeares: Abdalla after him; who when hee had raged againſt the Chri-
ftians, and troubled the Ilands in the mediterran Seas, dyed: and was fuc
ceeded by Mulla-Cawn, who alſo vext the Chriftians, diſturb'd Italy, and
dared Rome:{but he allo fuddenly vaniſhed and was fucceeded by thefe Ka-
lyphs, Voaceck, Almoto,Montacer,Abbas, Muftead zem, (in whofe time hap-
ned the greateſt Earthquake ever felt in Afia) Almotez, Mo&adi»Bila, Anna
875.Heg.355, Almet-Hamed, Mutazed, Moctafi-Byla, Motader, Elhaker, Rat-
fha,Razi-bila,Mudacfi, Moriah, Tayaha, Kaderkamet,and Makomet El-takert
i. e. Gods fervant;in whom ended the Chalyphs of the Arabique or Perfian
Pedegree. For then 48.1030 Heg. 410 came in the Turquemen led by
Tangrolipix, firſt call'd into Perſia by Mahomet the then Sulcan to affift him
againſt the Babilonians: but (after he had freed him from that danger) de-
fires leave to goe into Armenia to viſit his kindred lately feated there, and
is denied: an unkindneffe of ſuch force that Mahomet ere he could ap
peaſe the enraged Turk, was forced to diveft both life and Kingdome. În
him the family of Saint mully eclipſed,till sha-Ifmael diſpeld the inter-
pofing cloud, and refufcitated the glory of his Anceſtrie. The Boyixan
Kings who begun Anno Heg. 319, and ended Anno Heg. 480. In the Incha-
fin they are chronicled and at shyras I have alreadie fpoken concerning
them.
The fucceffor of Tangrolipix was Ottoman ſon of Ertrogul the Oguzian,
Oo
who
284
LIB. 2
The ſeverall Kings
who in the yeare 1300 Heg.680. layd the foundation of the Turkiſh Em-
The Turks pire in Europe and Afia: the Salghucian (of the fame extraction) comman-
and Tartars ded Perfia: agrandiz'd by Togrul-beg,fonne of Michael,fonne of Salghucius,
conquer Per-fonne of Didacus a Turq'man. Togrulbeg (fome fay) was flaine by treafon:
fia.
his fucceffour was Pharug-zed, Mafuds fonne; flaine by Olo-ben-folan
Prince of Gafneben: to him followed Ebram-ben-Mafud, whofe fonne Ma-
fud married the daughter of Melec-fha, King of Turqftan. Mafud from Co-
rofan entred Perfia with a great Armie,and neere to Tabryz flew Almoſtar-
Shed-bila Caliph, and in another fight Rafhed-byla his fonne at Hifpahawn.
To Mafud in Gafneben fucceeded sha-folan, flaine by Baharon-fha his bro-
ther, Ar. Heg. 499; to whom followed his fonne Cofrhao; who after he had
forraged India dyed A.H.540: and in him took end, the Sabutaque family.
The Arme-
nians fub-
due it
In thoſe times as Kaliphs of Babylon and part of Perfia,were Ghaladud-
daul, whoſe ſeventh fucceffour Muftaed-zem was flaine by Cingis Chan An.
Heg. $80; Almostan for bila Manfor in his place governed Caldea and Perfia.
Of thofe Tartars I have formerly fpoken. Defcend wee therefore to the
yeare of our Lord 1415 Heg. 795.fuch time as Chara-Mahumed the Turk
re-entred Perfia. Hee ruled three yeares and left Kara-Iffuph to fucceed
him; who alſo after three yeares dyed at Casbyn, and left ſix ſonnes, viz.
Pir-buda-cawy, Scander-mirza, Ioon fba, Sha-Mahomet, Abuzedda, and Mir-
fa-Abfall; all which dyed untimely by envie,and one anothers emulation.
Of thofe feven, Loon-ſhe was laft;and he alſo flaine with Acen- Ally his fonne
by Acem-beg: at that time the family of the Guſpan Caraculu or black-
fheep ended, and the Gulpan Acorlu or white-sheep took beginning. The
firft were Turks; the laſt, Armenians.
Acem beg (otherwiſe call'd Vfan-Caffan) conquerd Perfia An. Dom.1470.
Heg.850.he fubje&ted Hyrac, Irakeyn, Aderbayon,Kaboncara,Mofendram,Car-
man,and (ufistan: and after eight yeares command dyed at Kazbyn in Sher-
van,& was folemnly buried.He left behind him ſeven ſfons; Ogorlu, Sultan-
Kalyl, Iacob-mirza, Iofias, Tuf, Maczud, and Zenal-beg. Ogorlu was
poy-
foned: Kalyl was flaine by Maczud-beg: Iofias and Synall were flaine in the
Turquifh warres. Iacob was murthered by a Whore at Tauriz : and Yſſuf
dyed of an Impoftume. The feven fonnes of Vfan Caffan being all dead,
the Empire deſcended upon Baifangor, Tacobs fonne : hee was depofed by
Ruftan-beg fonne to Muczud-beg. Next yeare Baifangor return'd with
many of his Armenian friends, but in the way dyed. Rustan that yeare
was dethroned by Hagmet beg fonne of Ogorlu; and he by Kacem-beg and
Hayb-Sultan, two powerfull rebells; who alfo by Alvan beg were flaine,
and in Spahawn all of them buried. Alvan-beg, Baifangor's brother after
he had ruled Perfia five yeares. An. Heg. 878, was vanquished by Ifmael his
Aunts fonne: and two yeares after, Morad was flaine at Spahawn. In him
ended the race of white sheep, who under Acem-beg had conquered Perfia.
In Ifmael revived Saint Azmully and Mortis-Ally's glory; whofe fucceffors
at this day rule Perfia. I will very briefly touch fome paffages of their
Reigne, that I may haften to our other Travells.
Ifmael firnamed Sophy was invefted Monarch of Perfia An. Dom. 1500,
Heg.880.He drew his pedegree from Mortis-Ally King of Perfia, Anno Dom.
750. Heg. 130. In a defcent of 35 Princes, fome of them are thus named.
Abi-
L1B. 2
285
and Conquests of Perfia.
Abi-Taleb had Mortis- Ally,Father of Ocem,father of Mahomet Mahadyn,from
whom Mutar, Saint Afmully,and Salyn defcended: to them, thefe; Shec-
Sophy Eddin-Ifaack firnamed (from his learning and piety) Cutb'el-enlya,
to whom in order are theſe, Shec- Mofes, or Mizra Sedryddin, Shee-Ally-
Shec-Ebrahym, Siet-Gunet, Shec (or siet) Aydar, and Shaw-Ifmael: Whofe
Title to the Crowne was this. Shec-Sofy fuch time as Tamberlane returned
from his Turquifh Conquefts, this Shec was of that holineffe and fame that
that great Monarch vouchfaft not only to vifit him at Ardaveel, but alfo
to expreffe his beſt affections. Hee made no other ufe of the Tartars fa-
vour fave to beg the lives of many thoufands of miſerable Perfians, whom
by Hobaro-Mirfa's folly, Tamberlane had markt out for death. That act ad-
ded infinitly to the Santo's credit. Tamberlane dyed Anno 1407. Heg. 787,
and is buried at Anzar in Cathaya. The Perfian Saint lived but three yeares
after him: of whom I may fay, as Horace did of another.
Crefcit occulto velut Arbor avo
Fama Sophyi.
Syet Guret his fonne, by the excellent report his Syre had honoured him
with, not only inheriting his fachers repute,but fo popularly beloved,that
he fuddenly hatches the ambitious thoughts how to difpoffeffe Toon-She of
the Empire. Hee attempts it divers wayes, but finds none fo fure as by
making a Schifme in their Religion: he therefore dictates a new Currawn,
wherein he villified & accurft the three fucceffours to Mahomet,and magni-
fied Mortis Ally: adding this,That he was lineally frõ him defcended. Ioon-
Sha efpies his drift and feeks to kill him: But he (doubting no leffe)avoyds
it;and flies into Armenia, where Van Caffan entertained him with all refpect
poffible; and to make it more apparant beftowes his daughter Martha (Ra-
daijon Katun the Perfians call her,begot upon Defpona daughter to Calo-10-
annes Emperour of Trepifond) upon Aydar his fon: by whom he had two
fonnes, All-Sha firnamed Sulyman, and Sha-Ifmael. Ally was flaine in the
Cradle by Prince Iacup their Uncle, fan Caffans fonne. But Ifmael found
mercie from Ruftan Amanfor fent to murther him: and who lived to re-
venge his fathers and brothers death upon him. Aydar in the Annalls of
Perfia is faid to have fubje&ted Trebizond, & to have fat as Emperour eight
moneths;conquerd afterwards by Mahomet the first Turquish Emperour.
Upon Vfan Caffan's conqueft of Perfia,he alfo recovered his Barony of Ar-
daveel: but (by the treacherie of Lacup) at his befieging Tabriz, was flaine
by Pharuc-Iffur the then Viceroy of Sultany and Tabriztan,
I have told you how Ifmael in revenge of his Fathers murther, and to The Perfians
make good his claime from Ally, in two battells (wherein hee vanquifht recover thein
Alvan and Morod Kings of Perfia) made himſelfe Monarch of that Empire. Liberty,
For upon his flight into Arzenion he was fo welcommed, that in memorie
of his Grandfires kindneſſe to them (when hee begd their lives ofTamber-
lane) `they all roſe in his defence: namely thofe great Tribes, the Auxar-
chiars, Romlu, Sufiah, Eftayalu, Kayridac, Verfabli, Shamlu,Zulcaderlu,&c.
by whoſe help hee flew Pharuc Iffup, conquerd Shervan, at Tabryz beat
Alvan,and in himſelfe eftablifht the Empire. In memory of which, and the
other hee gave Morod that yeere neere shyraz, hee inftituted an order of
Coofel-bafha's; in them both memorizing his difcent from Mahadyn 12 fonne
002
of
286
LIB. 2
The Severall Kings
of Ocen ſonne of Ally, and the Mamalucks who then flouriſhed.
Bajazet the Turk fquints at Ifmaels greatneffe, having formerly in his
appetite devoured Perfia. But fuch was Ifmael's high courage & vertue,that
he not only refifted the utmoft furie of Bajazeth, but also made the Tar-
tars and Indians tremble at his fortune. The Perfians honoured him, the
Armenians loved him, but the Jewes deified and affured him hee was
the Meffias they ſo long wayted for: But Ifmaels feverity towards them
upon that blafphemie, made them quickly recant, and rather think him a
fecond Vefpafian. Ere I goe further, let mee fpeake a word of his firname
Sophy.
Ifmael at his Coronation proclaim'd himfelfe King of Perfia by name of
Pot-Shaw-Ifmael-Sophy. Whence that word Sophy was borrowed, is much
controverted. Whether it be from the Armenian idiom, fignifying wooll,
of which the Shaſhes are made that enobled his new order. Whether the
name was from Sophy his Grandfire, or from the Greek word Sophos im-
pofed upon Aydar at his conqueft of Trepizond by the Greeks there, I know
not. Since then many have called the Kings of Perfia, Sophy's: but I ſee
no proper reaſon for it; fince Ifmaels fonne, grand and great grand-fons
Kings of Perfia never continued that name,till this that now reignes,whoſe
name indeed is Soffee, but cafuall.
Ifmael the fecond of his reigne,fubjected Shervan and Gheylan ; Parc,Hy-
erac, and Cuſiſtan; Kerman,Macron, and as farre as Iafques. Coom was com-
monly his Winter rendezvous. The fourth yeare by Elyas-beg he purpo-
fed to infeft the Tartars:but Elias through neglect was vanquifht in the way
by Ocembeg-Geboly Lord of Chalat-Pherusky, who at Ifmaels approach for-
tifies his Caſtle, but is forced out by flux and famine; hee and fifty of his
beſt men flaine, and the reft pardoned. Which done, he haſts back to Tezd,
hearing that Mahomet had befieged it: he quickly rais'd the fiege and bur-
ned Mahomet. And after hee had compounded fome differences "twixc
himfelfe and Morod-fha, brother to Alvan ; Anno Dom. 1507. Heg. 887, hee
journeyed to Shyraz where he was folemnly crowned: but next day pue
to death 30000 men, fuch as were either guilty of his Fathers death,orhad
taken part with Morod against him. That yeare he haftned into Mofendram
and repuls'd the Tartarrs, albeit he had not above 20000 horſe, and Vlu.
chan and his were above 300000. And to retaliate them he billited his men
that Winter in Taron; but fo foone as the weather permitted hee entred
Tuzz, intending to ſpoile Samarchand. But hearing of Sultan Ocen's death,
and that shac-beg-chawn an Ouz-beg, had ufurped the Crowne of Corafan;
in the behalfe of the injur'd Princes Ocens fonnes, he entered Corafan; and
in a long fought battell 'twixt him and the Rhumeftans, flew sha-beg-
cawn, 30000 Tattars, and made Acen-Ally be crowned King; upon condi-
tion that at his death it ſhould hold of the Perfian Dyadem. That Sum-
mer he paffed Oxus, and flew Chamfylba the Maurenabar King, fackt the
ftrong Caſtle Ael-kama, depopulated Dargan, Farghwan, Azfaker,and many
other ſtrong holds in Tfogd, Kennaugh, Gaznchen, Maurenaber, Rhumeftan,
Turqftan, farre beyond Balk the Ouz beghian Metropolis: and returning,
he fackt Tuzz,Sakalkand,Sikamest,&c.fufficiently retaliating what his own
Nation had formerly fuffered from the Black-fheep of that vagrant Coun.
try:
LIB. 2
287
and Conquests of Perfia.
trey: and when he had fully glutted himfefe amongſt the Tartarrs, came
joyfully back to Coom, where he was received with all ſymptoms of joy
poffible to be expreffed.
Next ſommer he went into D'arbeg againſt the Turks, who ſo foone as
they had heard of Ifmaels doings in Tartary entred Bagdat and expreft
their utmoſt villanie there; calling them Raffadins or Schifmaticks, and
cutting off the noſes and thumbs of many hundred Perfians. In their re-
venge Ifmael affronts them with soooo horſe, and in defpight of what Ca-
rigy and Ally-Bashaw could do,upon the bancks of Tigris he gave the Turks
an overthow; and that yeere feconds it by another he gave the Beglerbeg
of Anatolia: whereat Bajazeth ſtormes, but Ifmael to exafperate him took
a Swine into his Court, and names it Bajazeth,madding the Grand-Senior
and his Ambaſſador; but joying the Perfians; to fee the excellent courage
of their Emperour. At this time alfo, Tekelles, a favorite to Ifmaels father
Aydar,to propagate the Reformation leads 20000 men into Trepifond;whi-
ther the Armenians flockt in fuch abundance, that that Syet entred Turquy
with 200000 men, as farre as Iconium in Lycaonia; where hee vanquisht
Mahomet and Orcan the 2 youthfull Nephews of Bajazeth: Carogozes the
Baffa of Afia alfo he triumpht over; fackt Cutay, and in the plaines of An-
cira pat to flight Ally-Baffa and his innumerable company; yea had Ifmael
taken the advantage to have backt him, he had prov'd another Tamberlain:
but wanting his countenance and other neceffaries, Tonuſes Baſſa neere to
Anti-Taurus conquered him: and which was no leffe miferable; that fa-
mous Captain doing fome violence to a Carravan he met with by the way,
is at this entring Casbyn apprehended, and by Ifmaels command burned.
Anno Domini 1511. Heg. 891. Ifmael recovered Bagdat, Barrhyeck-beg the
Sultan betraying it and opening a pofterne where-through the Perfians
entred, Mahomet Baffa being forced to flie to fave his life. That yeere hee
entertained Lemius (the Portugall Agent)at Caſhan; who was led into the
Army by Mirza Abucaca the field Marſhall : the which Lemius reported to
Albuquerq,that Ifmael had 350000 Pavillions pitcht there, and in the field
130000 men. That yeere Bajazet b was poyfonned by a Jew, and in his
Place Selym his youngerfon,made Emperor of Turquy. That yeere,Morad
fonne to Sultan Ac'mat, Bajazeths eldeft fonne, fled to Ifmael for fafety;
and Aladyn his brother,to Campfon Gaurus Sultan of Egypt: where both
were welcomed. Selym prepares to fetch them thence: but Ifmael irri-
tates his vexation; and incourages Merad with 10000 horfe (promifing
to fecond him by Vftref-oglan with 20000 more) to forrage Turqug ac-
cordingly Morad paft through Armenia the leffe,and in Cappadocia thewed
himſelfe an adverſarie. Chendemus with great forces oppoſes him: who
upon notice of his Uncles approach, fell back to Vftref, and both of them
to Anti-Taurus, where Aladules quietly fuffered him to paffe the Moun-
taines into Armenia; whither they knew ere-long the Grand-Senior would
hunt after them. Selym commands his whole forces to follow him into
Perfia: Chendemus for difwading him is flaine; but by Ebrahim Baffa's ad-
vice after long march into Armenia, he got; where in the Calderan plains
was fought 'twixt the Turk and Perfian a moft memorable battell: Ismael
with 30000 Perfians for 16 houres maintaining the fight with Selymus and
300000
289
LIB. ?
The ſeverall Kings
300000 Turks; and where (if the Turquifh Artillery bad not diſordered
and affrighted the Perfian horfe) the Perfian had gloriously triumphed:
but as it was, for one Perfian ten Turks were flaine; and neither of
them obtained conqueft: the horror of it fuch, that the Turkish Aa-
nalls call that dayes fight, The day of Doom. Anno Domini 1515. Heg.
895. Selym returnd with new forces into Armenia,but bythe way ftrangled
Aladenles the Mountanous King: Ifmael leaves Synal-beg to pursue his con-
queft of Mofendram, and with 30000 horfe, attended Selym at Tabriz :
but Selym diverts his firft thoughts, and at an unexpected houre enters
Egypt, and by the flaughter of the Sultan Campfon (betrayed by Cajer-
beg Sultan of Aleppo) conquered it, and gave end to that order of Mama-
lucks which from Sultan Saladyne who lived An. Heg. 680. had continued
to An. Heg. 896, with much fame and excellencie; Tomambeyns fought to
have reſtored it, but Selym made his life the price of it.
Anno Domini 1514. Heg. 894. Sha-Tamas was borne, who fucceeded
Ifmael in the Empire; in s yeeres after, he had alfo Hel-cawn, Som-Mirza,
and Bacram-cawn: fome call them, Elias, Sormiza, and Barhon-cawn. an.
Dom. 1520. Selym the Turkish Emperour dyed, and was fucceeded by Soly-
man. Anno Domini 1525.Heg. 965. Ismael alſo dyed; in the 40 of his age,
and of his reigne, 20 yeeres.
Ifmael's foure foones did what they could to ruine the Empire, by one
anothers ruine : Hel-cawn especially: who to effect it,fyded with the Tur-
kish Emperour. Vlembeg alfo (who had married their fifter) laboured it.
But albeit Solyman did his beſt by his owne forces and by their treaſons,
yet fuch was his ill luck, that (excepting Babylon and Tabryz) they got no-
thing but fad experience : for Tamas upon notice of the Turkish entry
leaves Kezien Baffa and Corafan (which he then had befeiged) and hafts to
Cashyn: the Turks fo foone as they had rifled Tabryz, retreat; but are fo
affailed in the rear by Delementhes, ftill as they marched, that they could
not prevent the loffe of 40 Cannon, 3 Sanfacks, 800 Janiſaries, and of
Afaps or common men above 20000: a victorie fo plaufible, that to this
day upon the 3 and 10 of Ardabehiſh or October, tis with many fignalls
of joy folemnized: 4 yeeres after, as Morod had done to Ifmael, fo Bajazet
Solymans fonne fled to Tamas; to fave his life, willing to part with his hopes
of a Monarchy: his rebellions and injuries to his father and brother had
beene many and notable; fo as Haffan Baffa comes to Casbyn, and upon
affuring Tamas that Bajazeth came purpofely to kill him, that infortunate
Prince was by that old villaine ſtrangled, and his 4 fonnes alſo, Homer,
Morad, Selymus, and Mahomet. Solyman next yeere enters Perfia with
150000 men. Tamas affrighted with their great ordnance, hyres so00
Portugalls from Ormus and Indya, who brought 20 Cannon along with
them, and by whoſe helps the Turks were vanquished. That yeere Tamas
entred the Ouz begs country and returned victorious: and next into Cahul
whence he thought to have gone to Lahore but upon newes that Mustapha
(Solymans eldeft fonne and brother to Bajazeth,lately at Casbyn ftrangled)
was fled from his Father to him from fuccour, he returnes and welcomes
him, willing any way to agrandize difcord amonft the ottomans. Solyman
in perfon with 80000 men followes him; in every place hee came that lo-
•
ved
LIB. 2
and Conquefts of Perfia.
289
J
ved the Perfian, perpetrating all fort of favage cruelty. At Erez, Tamas
fought with Solyman, but with worfe fucceffe than formerly neere Bagdat:
for 1000 Perfians were flaine, and 20000 Turks; but by their numbers the
Perfians were forced to leave the field; which when Mustapha law, hee
fled to his Father and beſeeches (for Roxalana his Mothers fake) par-
Aon but it would not be; his Father forthwith made him to be
ftrangled.
Anno Domini 1576. Heg. 956. King Tamas dyed at Cazbyn, aged 68; ha-
ving reigned so yeeres; and left his eldeft fonne Mahomet to fucceed
him: hee had in all, 12 fonnes and 3 daughters; Maomet, Ifmael, Aydar,
Sulyman, Emangoly, Morad, Mustapha, Ally, Hamed, Ebrahim, Hamzé, and
Izma cawn. Ifmael during his ftay at Cohac complots with Peria-Conconna
and Sahamal-can; by whofe help hee ftrangled Aydar, and beheaded 8 0-
ther of his brethren: hopefull alfo to meet with Mahomet: who being
fled to Georgia finds fuch friends that ere long he returned with 12000
horfe, Curds and Georgians;by whofe fervice, and the valour of Leventhy-
beg, he arrives at Spahawn; where he had newes of Ifmaels death, flain in his
bed by Periaconconna and 4 Sultans, who entred habited like women, An.
Dom. 1577.The fame yeere that Ifmael was thus flain, Peria Conconna was
alſo made away by Salmas-Mirza, at the command of Mahomet.
Mahomet (call'd codobanda by the Turks) had many fonnes: Ifmael,
Mustapha,Mir-can, Guynet, Sophy, &c. Ifmael was famifht to death at Cay-
kahe Caſtle neere Tabriz, by meanes of Maſſombeg the favorite: the reft
of his fonnes dyed untimely. He had alfo 3 fonnes begot of Ioon-Conna
Princeffe of Heri and Coraffan: Emyr-Hamzé mirza, Sultan Aydar, and
Abbas. Emyr-hamze-mirza, was the most famous, active, and,beloved
Prince that ever to this day lived in Perfia. When he commanded, they
thought nothing impoffible: the Turks, the Indyan, the Arab, and Tartar
feared him; with 40000 horfe hee vanquifht zooooo Turks neere Van,
200000
and cleared Armenia of thofe Locufts. After that, with 30000 Perfians
and Ouzbeghians hee over-threw them at Erez, and obteyned a moſt
glorious victory. Two yeeres after, Anno Domini 1580. Heg. 960 at
Bagdat he beat the Turks; at that time of Perfians being flaine 10000,
but of Turks 70000. Next yeere,he oppofed the Tartar neere to Sumachy
and flew 20000 of their men: and that fame month of the Turks led by
Mustapha Baſſa 100000: but with loffe of above 40000 of his owne men.
An.Dom. 1584. Heg. 964. neere Van againe, he flew above 20000 Turks:
and with his own hands flew the Sultan of Caramit, the Generall; the
Baſha of Trebizond, and 5 Sanzacks. At Sancazan the infuing ſpring,he
alſo beat Ofman the Bafha (who dyed to think of it)and flew above 23000
other Turks. At Tephlis he vanquifht Sycala the famous Bafha, and flew
30000 of his Turks; the Prince lofing 9000 Perfians: but by that victory
regained Tabriz, Babylon, and all other fuch places as King Tames had Anno
Domini 1537. Heg. 917, lost to Solyman. Next yeere he took Derbent from
the Turk, and neere to Tephlys with 20000 horſe, ſcattered and flew
80000 Turks: fo difmall to Amurath, that rather than fee his face Musta-
pha by voluntary poyfon at the age of 78 gave up the ghoft, and Acmat the
renouned Ennuch refolv'd to beg rather than to fee Perfia againe. But
Synon
290
LIB. 2
The feverall Kings
The
Synon Baſſa was lo puft up with his late conquefts (at Cyprus, Malta, and
Egypt)that he threatens his payment; and to that end with 100000 men
he entred Georgia, fackt Tephlys, and in Shervan did many mischiefes: but
plague and famine purfuing him, the Prince of Perfia ere the Tartar could
joyne with Synon bad him battell at Carfe in the Turq'men confines and
beat him,but two dayes after loft sooo men more,and was forced back to
Trepizond: But at length, what enemies abroad could not effect, at home
his brother Abbas perpetrated by poyſon: infomuch as in the vigor of his
age, and hopes of further conqueft,this gallant Prince goes down not aged
30;and of fuch force with purblind Mahomet, that in few dayes after hee
expired: An. Dom. 1585 .Heg.965. after 8 yeeres reigne,and at Ardaveel by
his father was fome part buried.
Abbas had much adoe to quiet the diftemper of the Perfians; fuch hate
they bore him for his cruelty. At Casbyn hee found moft welcome: they
had confidered the other two were irrevocable, & that it concerned them
to have ſome expert man to defend them from the Turk, who almoſt eve-
ry day from Tabriz affronted them. Spahawn indeed paid deerely for her
rebellion. The firft yeere of his reigne Amurath the Turkish Emperour
fent his Ambaſſador to Abbas, to command him (if he defired peace) to
fend him his ſonne Ifmael as a hoftage: the Ambaffador had better have
ftayed at home, for albeit hee efcaped with his life, yet hee was mife-
rably baſtinadoed. Enraged by that meffage hee beſieged Tabriz, and
eafily forced the Turks thence, as alfo out of Van and all Armenia: two
yeeres after he beat them out of Balforac and Bagdat; yea made Dyarbec
and Taziry too hot for them. By Curchiki-can he ſubdued Ghey-lan ; by Ta-
mas-coolibeg, Mozendram; by Ferrat-chan, Candahar; and by Lolla-beg
and Emangloy-cawn, Larr, Cufiftan, Carman, Macron, and part of Taziregor
Arabia: yea to this laft over-throw at Babylon, he gave fucceffively to Ma-
homet 3, Acmat, Ofman, Mustapha, and Amurath, all of them Grand Seig-
niors, above 20 other feverall over-throwes; moſt of which the Turks
conceale, and thence it is that we have them not recorded in our Turkiſh
Hiftories.
About this time, Abbas became inraged against the Georgians: and up-
on this occafion.
Scander, lake King of Georgia (a Countrey confyning palus Meotis,
'twixt the Euxin and Cafpian feas) by a Sarcaſhian Lady had 3 hopefull
fonnes; Scander-cawn, Thre-beg, and Conftandell: all borne Chriftians;
but for preferment the two laft named became Bofarmen or circumcifed.
Thre-beg ferv'd the Turk; Conftandell, the Perfian. Conftandell was natu-
rally deforned, but of fuch an active fpirit, that his bodily imperfections
were not noted: yet his hatefull ambition rendred him more than mon-
ftrous. It hapned that Abbas vowed fome revenge upon the Turk; and
to that end gave order to Ally-cawn to trouble them. Conftandell per-
ceives the occafion right to attempt his hellifh refolutions, and therefore
after long fuit got to be joyned in Commiffion with the Perfian Generall.
Through Georgia they go: where Conftandell under a pretext of Duty vi-
fits his fad Parents, who (upon his proteft that his Apoftafy was counter-
feit) joyfully welcomed him: but forgetting that, and all other tyes of
Nature
LIB. 2
291
and Conquests of Perfia:
Nature, next night at a folemn banquet caus'd them to be murdered: and
till the Georgians faluted him by the name of King, perpetrated all forts
of villanies poffible. But how fecure foere hee ftood in his owne fancie,
the dreadfull Juftice of an impartiall God retaliated him : the reft of his
life proving to this hellifh Affaffinate infinitly miferable; for firſt, neere
Sumachan, Cycala's fonne the Turkish Generall, wounded him in the
arme, and by that forfeited the victory to the Perfian. That fame night
he was alfo affaulted in his tent by his inraged Country-men; who in his
place, (for at the firft alarme he escaped) cut a Catamite in peeces, his ac
curfed bed-fellow : and albeit hee fo farre exafperated the Perfian to re-
venge, that he brought the whole Army into Georgia, reſolving there to
act unparellel'd tragedies; yet was hee over-reacht in his ftratagems: for
upon parlee with the Queen (his late brothers wife) he was fhot to death,
at a private fignall given by that Amazon to fome Mufqueteers, ambushed
of purpoſe 'twixt both the Armies. A juſt puniſhment for ſuch a viper.
For can there be a punishment more fit
Than he fhould die, that first invented it:
Nec enim lex juftior ulla eft
Quam necis artificis, arte perire fua.
But Abbas (glad of all advantages to fpoyle and conquer) takes the
affront as done in his defpight, in that Conftandell was his fubject and a Ma-
hometan; and therefore ftudies their deftruction: but fuch good reafons
Ally-cawn gave him to the contrary, that hee alters his firft intents, and
feekes by conferring his beft love upon young Temerisk their Infant King
to oblige their affection: and accordingly returned him into Georgia roy-
ally attended, yea made him bee crowned King in Georgia, with all cere-
mony requirable. But long thefe Halcyon dayes endured not; for the
Grand Seniors Ambaffador at Spahawn laboured by all wayes how to fepe-
rate this their Union; & by deceit effected it:First wifpering in Temerisks
eares that Abbes hated him; and then made Abbas beleeve that Temeriskwas
an undoubted creature of the Grand Seniors: fo that (upon Temerisks
deniall to come to Abbas) he enters Georgia with 30doo horfe, where Lol-
La-beg, at his Mafters command, made fire and fword equally tyrannicall:
Temerisk was forced to the Turk, from whom he got fuch forces, that hee
re-entred Georgia, and flew the Perfique Garrifons, yea forraged beyond
Tephlys into Medya: which fo inraged Abbas that from Mofendram he iſſued
with a greater Army than formerly, and in Georgia made a more terrible
execution: firing their Churches, houfes, and Mulberry-trees; deftroy-
ing their filk-wormes, and maffacring young and old, without mercy. But
fo foone as Abbas was gone, Temerisk re-poffeffed his defolate Countrey;
and by a ftratagem of Morad-cawns, in fome fort requited the Perſian i
for Morad like another Zopyrus, deformes his face, flies to Cazbyn, and is
welcomed: pretends that Temerisk had fo mutilated him; and that hee
refolved to betray him to the Perfian. Abbas beleeves him, and fends 12
famous Dukes and an Army along with him: but being upon the Geor
gian Confines, and knowing that the Perfians were feareleffe of danger,
he iffues at midnight from his owne quarter upon them with soo volun-
tary Georgians (whom hee had appointed fhould accidentally proffer
P
their
292
LIB. 2
The ſeverall Kings &c. ·
!
their ſervices) with fuch hideous clamours,that 11 of thoſe Dukes and 700
men were flaine; the reft fo terribly affrighted, that they rather chofe to
dye any other death than hazard any more adventures amongſt thofe
Chriftians. Since which, Abbas (by meditation of his Cofel-bafhaws, who
are moſt of them Georgians) has firmed a fure friendship with the Geor
gians.
If I ſhould but memorife his feverall victories against the Tartar, Geor-
gian, Mogull, and Arabian; It would be enough to make a Book volumi-
nous. But I promiſed to weave no circumſtances: for if that could have
beene accepted of, I had here alſo ſpoke his journey and warres of Arme-
mia; and his tragick acts againſt his own children: which in regard I have
elſewhere glanced at, I have here pretermitted purpoſely; this only be re-
membred: That Sha-Abbas dyed Anno Domini 1628. Heg. 1008. aged 70,
having ruled the Perſian Empire 43 yeeres; and was buried, part at Caz-
byn, part at Ardaveel, in the Chappell where are intombed his famous and
warlike Progenitors: And albeit in the infancy of his reigne he had beene
Tyrannicall, yet fuch was the Majefty of his afpect, his courage,policy,wif
dome,& good fortune in all his wars,that never any Prince before him was
better beloved, and every way by all Symptoms of Duty and refpect,more
honoured. His Care to adminifter Juftice; his Zeale to Strangers, whom
he ever much regarded, and gave all fafety and priviledges to; it beeing
his uſuall phraſe, that Strangers added eſpecially to the luftre of his Court,
more than any Domeſtiq' magnificence; his Labour to increaſe Com-
merce with other Nations; his Incouragement to Souldiers; his Indul-
gence to Merchants of his owne Nation; and in a word, his great Know-
ledge in Hiftory and Philofophy, not only made him to bee adored by his
owne, but admired at by Travellers ; efpecially when with him they com
pared other Emperours and Princes of Afia, who fuck with delight their
native ignorance and thence it was that Abbas went to his grave, with
fuch generall lamentation as made it known that he was their Father, Pro-
tector, and Emperour.
:
In his place was Sha-Soffy ( Abbas his Grand-ſönne) ſaluted King; whoſe
fathers death and his brothers I have elſewhere remembred.
Of Sha-Seffy I will fay little, fave that fince his being King (albeit very
young) hee has vanquifht the Turks 4 times: albeit twice the Grand-
Seignior was in perſon to fight with him. Many of his Nobles hee has be-
headed: but in theſe things argues his juſt diſcent from Ally: and is as like-
Ly as any that reigned before him, to advance the Monarchy of Perfia ;and
every way to make it rich, and famous.
To conclude Perfia and this fecond Book, give me leave to do it in this
Epidicticon.
The Epidiclicon.
Why do the wyndings of inconftant ſtate
Moleft us Weaklings? fince the felfefame Fate
Turnes Kings and Kingdomes with an equall doome:
Whiles Slaves, too oft, poffeffe their Maſters roome.
So
LIB. 2
293
An Epidicticon.
So pricking Thiftles choak our faireft corne,
And hopefull Oakes the hugging Ivies fcorne:
Men are but Men, and be they ftrong or wife,
All their Defignes fubject to hazard lies.
Millions of helps cannot fupport that Crown,
Which Sin erects; Fate juftly pulls it down.
Witneffe faire PERSIA, large and rich of ground,
The fitter Nurſe of warre :) In it was found
(Even in thofe golden times which Poëts vant),
Victorius Cyrus who yet did fupplant
5
His Father. Oh, that men would learne to fee
What life were beft, not what doth pleaſe the eye!
But out,alas! when they have drunk of blood,
That bitter potion's fweet: yea even a flood
Of lives food cannot their hot thirst allay,
Till Tompris that blood with blood repay.
So hapt to Cyrus, whom th' infulting Queen
Upbraid with blood-ſhed ; Vengeance is too keen:
For in a bowle of goar, dead drowned lies
His crowned Temples and infatiate eyes:
That King afpir'd, and for his itching veine,
200000 Subjects there lay flaine:
Thus faires it ftill with thee, proud Perfia,
Whoſe various Native beauties freely may
A ftrangers love intice. Thy breath is fweet,
Thy Face well made, a Nurſery of delight;
Thy breafts not dry of milk, thy armes are ftrong,
Thy belly fruitfull; legs both clean and long;
Thy veines are large; blood pure; quick ſpirits haft:
But for thy back, Oh ftay! there lies the waft.
To this faire Symmetrie of outward parts,
The giver great (to ingage by great defarts)
Infafed hath, into thy childrens wit,
Wiſdome and courage beft to mannage it.
Nor waft thou Barb'rous, or Indifciplin'd;
For had thy Eare unto its good inclind,
Thy Country Prophetiffe fore-told thee how
Hell and its wrath by Chrift to disavow.
Since which, thy Sages, Kings or more than Kings
(If I miſtake thee not!) their Offerings
Unto my Infant God humbly prefent.
O Faith exceeding almoft Faiths extent!
But now this Light of lights on Earth did fhine,
See how thy Vertues retrograde decline:
Holy Thaddeus, (whom Saint Thomas fent
To cure thy King) thy Flamens did prefent
With helliſh torments: and with like foule hands
Sywon the Cananyt's good newes withſtands.
Ppa
In
294
LIB. 2
An Epidicticon.
In after times thy Cozrboe (Perfia) made
A pond of Chriftian blood: Nor here thou ftaid
But (in diflike of Chriſt,) th’Arabian Theife
Thou chooſe to be thy unlearned Judge and Cheife.
Hence, hence, proceed thofe groffe Impieries,
Which ſwallow'd, greedily delight thine Eyes!
Blood-fhed and luft, the fouleft our of kind,
Which, my chaft Mufe is fear'd to name: the rind
Thou only keeps of zealous awe: the heart,
Is foule defil'd for fo thou learndft the Art
Of luft and pride from thy curſt Mahomet,
Whofe thoughts unbounded all on Thrones was fet.
Nor did his Succeffors as Prophets live,
But one another murdered; All did grieve
At Neighbours Diadems. The God of Peace
For thoſe thy finnes, thy power will fure decreaſe.
And thou that oft haft felt a forrain power;
Once more maiſt feele a Scichyc race fo fower;
That all the World ſhall know, how greateſt Kings
Are thrall to change, as well as weaker things.
FINIS LIBRI SECUNDI.
A
LIB. 3
295
€
THE THIRD
BOOKE.
L
Et's now abroad againe: and fee what Obfer-
vations wee can make in the Ilands circum-
jacing Oriental Indya: than which, the
world has none richer, pleafanter,or every
way more excellent. To encompaffe it, we
muſt to Sea againe ; for, without ſuch helps
there is but little travelling.
Apr. 13. We took fhip at Smalley: when,
being three or foure leagues off at Sea, the
wind came faire and made the liquid bil-
lowes fwell fo advantagiouſly, that next
day wee loft fight of many pretty marittim
Townes, at this day owned by the Portu-
gall: namely Gundavee, Daman, S. Iohn de Vacas, Chowl, Dabul,&c. moſt
of them fubjected by Don Albuquerq' about the yeare after th'incarnation
of our Saviour 15 12; Dabul (Dunga of old) excepted, which yeelded to the
mercie of Symon Audradius Governour of Choul; from whom 'twas rapt
by the Decanees; but by that made a Baſis of greater calamity. For, A.
meyda fome few yeares after by ftratagem recovered and burnt it to the
ground: but by command of the Goan Vice-roy 'twas repaired, repopula-
ted, and flood victorious; till Captaine Hall (if I miftake not the mane
name) about nine yeeres agoe forced it; and made th'infulting Portugall
know, how their bravadoes, to the Engliſh were no way formidable.
The South point of DA BUL has Artick Elevation 17 deg. 35 minuts; Dabul.
variation Weſt, is degrees 34 minuts. It once obeyed the Monarch of
Decan; but at this day the Lufitanian. 'Tis feated at the foot of a high,but
pleaſant mountaine, whence, diftills a fweet rivolet,beyond meaſure uſe-
full in thofe torryd Clymats: the Road gives reaſonable good Anchor ge.
The Towne it felfe is beautifull to fuch as view it at diftance: the houles
are low & thick, and tarras't at the top; ferving both to lenifie the ſcorch-
ing flames of wanton Phaeton, and to refift the quick and fubtill rage of
Hyem's icyles: an old Caftle and a few Temples or Monafteries are all
the
296 Decan.
LIB. 3
Choul.
Mangalor.
ſhe boaſts of,the Buzzar or Forum is but ordinarie, the ftreets narrow are:
nor is her mart now notable; Surat and Cambya to the North; Go and
Calicuth to the South fo much eclipfing her; that the condoles with other
her difconfolate neighbours,and acknowledges a fecret deftinie & change
in Townes as well as other temporaries.
CHOUL (in Ptolomyes dayes call'd Comane, if Castaldus gueffe right)
is fubje&t to like varietie: it is removed from the Equi-noctiall 18 degrees
30 minuts North: and was raviſht from the Emperiall Dyadem of Decam
(or Decanory) by Almeyda that ambitious Portugall in the yeare of our re-
demption 1567, and in which (to perpetuate his Conqueft) hee erected a
gallant Fort or Bulwark, & planted it with Cannon: a Caſtle alfo no leffe
fortified; foterrible to the Indyans, as they have forborne to make them
rore, doubting the very clamour may undoe them. The Inhabitants are
a few melancholy but luftfull Portugalls, and fome peacefull crafty Ban-
nyans:it affoords naught elfe to be spoken on in this place. The Expedition
bearing up to ſpeak with us, both fhips fell foule (to ſpeak in Neptunes lan-
guage) or thwart one anothers houlfes; by which mifchance her bole-
fprit gave our mizzen ſhrouds a churlish kiffe; but by a happy gale parted
without farther inconvenience. After five dayes fayle wee were Na-
dyr to the Sunne, at that inftant in our Verticé or Zenyth; his decli-
nation then being juft fifteene degrees; and we clofe by the lle incyrcling
Goa, a gallant Citic, the Metropole and feat of the Spaniſh Viceroy and
Archbishop, the Citie I have formerly defcribed: hafte wee therefore to
other places. The wind was favourable a while; but ere long becalmed,
whereby the ayre inflam'd, and Sea gave a fierie reflection; to fweat and
live like Salamanders was no novel thing with us to fuffer bravely all mu~
tations; Cælum non animum, was a verified Motto, and ferv'd in generall
to comfort us. The three and twentieth of Aprill we got to Mangalore a
Citie obeying the Mallabar, in whofe road wee found thirty or forty Fri-
gads of Mallabar men of warre, who durft not infult upon their numbers,
but chooſe rather to avoyd,and accordingly all together hoift faile towards
Goe; one onely miſcarrying, fuffering a while the Ionas her Barge to do-
mineere, but after variable ftrife by rowing and augmenting canvaffe got
away, with ſome ſhott in her fide, and many wounded. That fame night
we came to an anchor in Mount Elly or Delyns bay, a Towne and Port ac-
knowledging vaffalage to the Mallabar: wee rode in nine fadoms, not
above three neerer the fhore. Gladly wee would have landed, but durft
not be too prodigall of our beliefe; they feemed willing, wee knew them
treacherous; but ſeeing wee had diſcoverd their villany, they ventur❜d
aboard our ſhips, they knew us mercifull: they fill'd their Canoes with
Coco's, Mangoes, Jacks, greene Pepper, Caravance or Indyan Peafe,Buf-
falls, Flefh, Henns, Eggs, and other things, fold us not at very eafie prices;
bat (what principally vext us) alfo made us pay for every tun of water a Ry-
all or foure fhillings foure pence: and though they had plenty of it, yet
grudg'd exceedingly to fhew us any curtefie in that common element,
infringing by that their barbarifme, the law of Nature and Nations; one
of their owne religion (but more morall) fhall accufe them.
Ovid, that fweet Roman Poet I meane, who to that end brings in his
God-
LIB. 2
297
Eaft-Indian fruits.
Goddeffe vindicating Natures right, and blaming the Rufticks for their
immanity.
Why are these waters stopt? whofe ufe is free; Quid prohibctis Aquas? ufus communis aquarum eft;
The Sunne and Apre difperft to all we fee
Why not thofe Brooks? I crave communitie.
Nec Solem proprium Natura, nec Aëra fecit
Nec tenues Vndas; in publica munera veni,
And that we have fuch variety of choyce fruits, fuffer a little entertain-
ment; the banquet is ſeaſonable in theſe paralells: but firſt perfume the
place with Calambuco wood(a lignum vite,) and to imitate the Egyptians,
place we a deaths-head, as an object of mortality.
The Bannyans in thefe parts are as fuperftitious as any other where, and
arrogate as much vainglorious ceremony in their Funeralls: tranfcending
in coft and curiofity as the Carcaffe differ'd ere-while from others in Eftate
and Quality: the richer fort have redolent gums, or aromatick odours of
Arabia incendiated or put to flames, wherein the dead body is laid, in-
volv'd in linnen pure white, fweet, and delicate; or in Taffataes of tranf-
parent fineneffe: of all forts of wood they affect that called Aquila, and the
older kind nam'd Calamba; or Calambuca; trees,rare, fweet, and pretious;
of admirable height and evenneffe, found commonly in the lofty Moun-
taine of Chamoys in Cochyn-chýna ; and which, theſe people fell at excef-
five rates;both in regard the Bannians delight to have it in their Obfequies,
as that the Japonians fo much valew it. They imagine no pillow whol-
fomer, no thing more efficacious for health, than that to fleep apon. They
extreamly hate fuch as have doun or what their heads may fink into;
both,for that it heats the blood,and pertubs the fancy: you now may view
your fruits afore you. I will fele&t the rareft, and firft prefent a fhort
deſcription: here are faire and juycy Lemons, Pappaes; Coco's, Bananas,
or Plaintains, ſweet and delicious: the Orenges may tempt a taft, they are Orengesi
fucculent and dainty, of ſo curious a reliſh as affects the eater beyond mea-
fure,and offer the rynd no leffe pleaſant than the juyce,both which feeme
to have dulcity & acrimony mixt together. The Bannana's is no leffe dain-
ty: the tree mounts not high, but fpreads in a moft gracefull pofture: the
fruit is long,not unlike a Soffage in fhape,in taft moſt excellent:they ripen Flantans
though you crop them immaturely; and from a dark-greene, mellow into
a flaming yellow: the rynd peeles off very eafily; the fruit put into your
mouth, diffolves and yeelds a moft incomparable reliſh; the Windfor or
Pome-crittien are to it farre inferiour.
The Jack or Giack growes upon a hyer tree, uneafie to bee afcended:
the Jack for fhew and quantity reſembles a Pompeon; without, 'tis a gold
yellow, commixt with veins; within, is foft and tender; full of golden co-
loured cloves, each full of kernells,not unlike a great French Bean, ſome-
what more globous: all of them compriſe abone or ftone not manduca-
ble, except being boyld the Buffols eat it: the fruit is fomewhat unplea-
fant at firft guft, the heat and rareneffe caufes it: 'tis glutinous and clam-
in the mouth, but of double benefit in the ftomack, being reſtorative,
and good for the back; but of fingular uſe againſt that French diſeaſe
they brought from the hot warres at Naples; whither the luftfull Spaniard
brought it, with his Idol-gold from ravisht Indys.
my
The
Iiack
298
LIB. 3
Decan
Mount D'Elly.
Ananas.
the
The Ananas is not inferiour to the Jack in bulk, in roundneffe; yet is
plant or parent it fpung from no way equall: it arifes from no feed
nor fowing, but from a root like to an Artichoak: at maturity they fhew
themſelves, and affect not above two foot height, the better and with leffe
labour to inrich the gatherer : without, 'tis armed with a moyftleffe rynd,
hard and skalee; within, is wholfome and pleaſant: and though a little
feeme to fatiate the appetite, yet experience teaches us the ftomack co-
Duroyen. vets it, and admits an eafie digeftion. The Duroyen fomewhat refem-
'Arecca.
bles the Jack: the ſhape is round, the out-fide bravery no way parellells
the intrinfique vertae: at firft opening it gives a fmell not unlike a rotten
Onyon,to many feeming odious and offenfive: the meat is whitiſh, divided
into a dozen cells or partitions, fild with ſtones as big as Chez-nuts, white
and cordiall: in Malacca, and Tava they abound, & are worth the inquiring
after: a fruit, nutritive and dainty; yea, withour an hyperbole may well
bee called, an Epitome of all the beft and rareft fruits throughout the O-
ryent. Arec and Betele alfo is here much uſed.. The Arecca tree afpires in
height like to a Cædar, but rather fimulates the Palmëto. It is a fuzzy con
cave fubftance, decorated at the very top with plumes, wherein the fruit
hangs in cluſters: 'tis fhaped like a Wall-nut and of like bigneffe; white
within,not eafily penetrated; has no tafte, fmell,nor fapor: they never eat
it alone, but wrap it in a leafe of Betel, and chaw it in many feverall mor-
fells: fome (as I have noted amongst the Mohelyans) adde to it a kind of
Lyme of Oyfter-fhells; all which together, cures the chollick, removes
melancholy, kills wormes, helps Venus, purges the maw,
maw, and
hunger.
Mount Ell, is in 12 deg. latitude; in ss deg.30 min. longitude;variation
13 deg. as eminent in precipitious hills as any other part of Indya,and limits
the two rich and populous Kingdomes, Decan and Mallabar. To me it gave
this refemblance, as wee rode before it: where ere wee weighed anchor,
prevents
Kź É.
Mount El
Cananore..
an unhappy accident hapned; and thus: On the five and twentieth day,
at the
point of the Bay we faw a Junck of about feventy Tunnes : fraught
with merchandize, bound for Ackeen, a mart Towne in the Ile Sumatra:
neere her skulkt a Mallabar Pirat, with a full intent to board her when ſhe
was off at Sea, and out of our view, hopefull of a booty: the poore Junck
perceiving the danger, chofe rather to put her felfe into our mercy,
hazard the rapine of that Frigat; but her fortuin was little bettered; for,the
than
Jonas
L1B. 3 Mallabar. Miferable Negroes.
299
boarding her with her Barge tow'd her to our Admirall, and (after ſhort
conſultation) agreed ſhe was a prize, gocd & warrantable; riches too oft
caufe caufeleffe deftruction; for doubtleffe had it bin poore,it had eſcaped;
but the great ftore of Cotton, Opium, Onyons, and fomewhat under the
Cotton (of moft value) made them be adjudged Slaves; eighty able fel-
lowes receiving the brand of hatefull villanage. The Ionaffes men, not
content with ſo much wealth and conqueft, unworthily and without cauſe
fell thoſe diſarmed Negroes and beat them cruelly; a wretched va-
upon
lour to actuate in rage where they knew was no refiftance; but rather than
fuffer fo much infolence, threefcore of thoſe wretches threw themſelves
headlong into the Sea, defiring rather to expofe their carcaffes to fuch a
hazard though therby their lives were terminated, than by fuch cruelty,or
a lingring flaverie to be in a perpetuall torture: and albeit it feemed fport
to many infolent Saylers, in me I affure you, it bred compaffion, to fee fo
many miferable Infidells throw themſelves downe-right into hell; at that
inftant in ftead of reft beginning an endleffe unquietneffe: the Canoos
from the fhore fav'd fome of them; thofe our Boats faved were not joy-
full, feeming more willing to be drowned than be fold to the Banta-
nefes, who proffer so Ryalls for one man, but fhew them no mercie to
their dying day. That night we had terrible weather, many furious gufts
commixt with thunder, raine and lightning affaulting us; wee admired it,
but fuch as live fo neere the Sun fay,That weather there is ufuall. Thence
we fayled due South, and that evening paft by Cananor, in view of us:
by Montingue, by Onor and Batticala next day; and then by Mangalor
(Mandagara of old,) Calicut, Cochyn, Crancanore (in 10 degr. 12 minutes)
Coulam, Brin Iohn,co Cape Comery, the utmoft promontory of Mallabar, in
feven degrees and a halfe, North; var. 14 degr: by Ptolomy called Cory;
Strabo, Conomancina; by Pliny, Calafca; Comar by Arrhyan; by other
ancient Cofmographers Calligicum and Calingon: at this day by the Inha-
bitants, Tuttan-Cory; where, ere we paffe further, wee will effay the cu-
ftome, habit, and fuperftition of the Mallabars, with fuch as mix among
them; but differ in defcent, garb,and religion: this ferving as our caveat
there, and in other places.
'Tis praiſe to observe a meane; by moving much,
Religious Faith oft gets a doubtfull tuck.
Of Mallabar.
Obfervare modum laus eft ; nimiumq, movendo,
in dubium trahitur religiofa Fides.
Account fo farre Mallabar, as is included 'twixt Cape Comry and twelve
degrees North,neere about Batticala; foure hundred miles in length,in
breadth no where above a hundred; yet fo populous, that the Samoryn
or King of Callicut is at any time able to affront the Narfingan, Decan, or
Gulcundan Kings (his borderers) with 200000 men: his Country is green
and full of all delights, cattell, corne, fruit, cotton,filkwormes,and other
merchandizes; ſtore of ftrong Townes, fafe Harbours (not inferiour to
thofe at Goa, Choul, Dabul, Smally, or at Danda-ragea-poree) as Coulam, Co-
chyn, Calycut, Mangalore,&c. and to fay truth the Ocean it felfe 40 leagues
Qq
into
300 A
LIB. 3
A Map of India intra Gangem.
into the Sea, all along the Indyan fhore is anchorable. But before wee
goe any further, I hold it the best way to direct your eyes in finding out
fuch exotique places of Eaft Indya and the adjacent Iles as I intend to
fpeake of, in two Mapps; either of which are limitted by Ganges: that
thereby our Travell may be the leffe difficult to your inquirie. And first of
India intre Gangem.
1
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Mallacca
Mallabar is ſubdevided into many Toparchyes, all obeying the Samo-
reen, a naked Negro, but as proud as Lucifer; as fwarthy and tyrannicall:.
the
L1B. 3 Mallaber. The Fnhabitants defcribed.
the Nayroes are his Lords; a fort of Mamaluck; they live by the ſweat
of other mens browes, luft wholy mafters them; they çoe no whither
but are as well armed as if friends & enemies had no difference. Maffaus,
improperly imagines them a kind of Braminy, to no fort of people more
unlike the Bramyns being men of peace; the Nayro,ever quarelling: their
armes are clad with Armolets of filver, or Ivorie; they walk no whither
without fword and target; and have fuch a fuperftitious conceit of their
owne merit and temper above other men, that wherefoere they meet a
vulgar fellow, they clamour Nayro, vibrate and clafh their fword and
fhield together, and fo paffe without oppofall; but that no poore man
dare looke them in the face or come within fifty paces of them, Thevet,
Vertoman, and M. P. Venetus have fo reported I know; but either the cu-
ftomes have altered, or I muft call the one a deceitfull Monk, and the
other two too credulous Travellers.
The extent of Mallabar I have given you. The people generally are big
limb'd, ftrong, cole black, and weare their haire (more like wooll than
haire) long, and curled; about their heads they wreath a fmall but curi-
ous fort of lynnen wrought with gold and filk: their waift is circled with a
peece of Callico, which makes them modeft: from the thigh downward,
and from their middle upwards, are furely naked. The vulgar fort weare
about their waift a parti-coloured Plad (like Barbars Aprons,) and pinck
their skin in many places. The women(fuch as credit Mahomet)vaile them-
felves like other Indyans: fuch as affect gentiliſme covet nakedneffe: their
greatest ornament and pride is in their eares and nofes; they fuppofe them
moft brave, moft courtly, who can teare or dilacerate their eares wideft
(which they effect by many ponderous bables they hang there,) and ring
their fnouts with filver, braffe, or Ivorie: their armes and leggs alfo are
chained richly. The Ethnique marriages want not fuperftition: where
God is not knowne, the devill invelopes and traines them up in myftique
darkneffe: one fame ceremonie is obferved by King and Pefant. Who ever
marries, he enjoyes not the first nights embraces with his Bride; a vene-
rable cuftome transferres all maydenheads unto the Braminy, who (to
fhew their obedience to the law) accept the motion and firſt ſeaſon her;
it betides happineffe ever after: they fuppofe the ground richer, the crop
excellenter,which receives fuch holy feed, and promifes fuch future Har-
vefts of contentedneffe: no marvell then, to ſee a Prieft enter where hee
pleafes, difcourfe when and where he will, the good man joying at their
privacie; fince they are in apparition terrhene Idolls: But, which is more
than marvellous, the King not knowing whether his children be of his be-
getting; to make fure work, conferres the Empire on his fifters iffue; affu-
red it feemes that ſhee is of his blood, and they of his by confequence: a
very fimple Sophiftry, grounded upon cuitome more than reaſon.
The men, what they want in Sciences, fupply by a furpaffing courage
and pollicie; the Portugals at their firft intrenching on their ſhore,thought
them filly, becauſe unlearned; eafie to be overcome, becauſe covered
with an indefenfive nakedneffe: but both conceits deceived them: they
found (by fad experience) Nature had inftructed them in their owne de-
fence, and that no Cannon nor iron is fo violently dangerous as revenge
Qq2
preci-
301
T
302
LIB. 3
Mallabar.
Callicut.
precipitated, exaſperated by contempt and where furie rageth: howbeit,
by long warres, they are growne expert and orderly: yea know how to
play with Cannons, have as great ftore of Harquebuzes, and are as well ac-
quainted with the force of powder,as we or any other Nation : in all fights,
they alſo uſe bow and arrow, darts and targets, granads and variety of
fire-works; of which they have ſuch ftore, that they proffered us as much
and of what forts we would,fo we returned them money. Their Country
abounds with mineralls and ftones of luftre : no part is without abundance
of fruits and proviſion: generally (eſpecially by the Sea) tis woody and
mountanous. We will a-fhore at Callicut the Metropolis.
CALLICVT (ten leagues from that place wee tooke our prize) is
thought to be that Towne Ptolomy calls Canthapis,a Citie in 23 deg. an er-
ror broacht by Niger and Bertius. It was above a thousand yeares ago call'd
Callicaris: was then knowne, but now is famous; and had beene of more
trade and excellence, had the profperd againſt the continuall bravadoes of
the Portugall: who when they fail'd to conquer her, (did with her as Se-
lenchus did with Babylon) transferr'd their trade to other Townes, and di-
verted her Merchants to other places; whereby in fmall time it became
halfe defolate. It declines from the Equator towards the North-Pole,
eleven degrees and from its ftanding in the burning Zone muft needs be
hot, if not fulphureous: the earth is but meanly fruitfull in graffe, Apollo
eats it up ; but,her gardens by induſtry and help of fome brooks are green,
fpatious, and redundant in variety of choife fruits. The Citie it felfe is
large, but of no beauty: the houſes are low, and thick, and dark: the har-
bour is a pretty way diftant from the Town, and but indifferent to anchor
in: it fhewes two great Forts, built Anno 1515 by the Portuguife; unfor-
tified and in a fort raized by the Mallabar; the Samoreen or Emperour in
this place ufually abiding: a Prince of great power and awe: black as the
devill,and as treacherous: is alfo of his religion, and makes him heire to all
his offrings. Many deformed Pagatho's are here worshipped: they fay they
adore not the Idolls, but the Deumos they reprefent, and who fometimes
enter and Oraculize: the Chappel where the grand Caco-Denmo fits is un-
covered, and about three yards high; the wooden entrance is ingraven
with infernall ſhapes: within, their beloved Priapus is imperiously in-
throniz'd upon a brazen Mount: they advance his head with a refplendent
Dyadem, from whence iffue foure great Rams hornes, denotating fome
eſpeciall myfterie: his eyes fquint, his mouth opens like a Port-cullice,
and from thence branch foure monftrous rusks; his nofe is flat; his beard
like the Sunnes rayes, of an affrighting afpe&t; his hands are like the clawes
of a Vulture; his thighes and legs, ftrong and hayrie; his feet and taile re-
femble a Monkeys: which put together, renders the devill wickedly de-
formed, and the idolaters beyond all meaſure groffe Demonomifts: Other
Temples have other Pagods; ugly, all: yer all differ in invention: fome
of them are painted or fmeered black; others red: Tome bright; others de-
vouring foules; hell fictitiously tormenting white ones: Thefe Gods of
theirs are of the old ftamp: they ſeeme to threaten and to take notice of
mens offrings: but what They cannor doe, their Baalyms effe&tuate. Each
morne, the Prieft (a Jogue) perfumes and washes them: it feemes the De-
vill
LIB.3
303
Mallabar.
Cow lam.
Callicut.
vill ever pollutes and leaves a baſe ſmell behind him : he departs not with-
out a benediction; humbly he proftrates his corps and has it granted him.
Every new Moone they folemnly facrifice a live Cock as a Symbol of luft
and courage; in themſelves predominating the Prieft is pontifically atty-
red in pure fine Lawne, arm'd with a fharp long filver knife, his armes
and leggs garnifht after the Morifco mode with bells, round filver plates
and other jangling trifles:after he has bravely facrific'd the yeelding Cock,
he fills his hands with Ryce, goes retrograde, not daring to looke on any
other object fave his Idoll; till being come neere an Acherontique lake,
he then turnes, there embowells his offring, advancing his hands fome fet
times above his head, and fo returnes crown'd with applauſe and bleſſed in
other mens opinions. The Samoryn eats not till it be firft offred,and ſo ac-
knowledges his food fent him from the Deumo, i. e. by the devills permif-
fion: what he leaves, is not for the poore; the Crowes expect it: good
reafon too, They think them the Devils ferviteurs. The people to this day
retaine fome commendable cuſtomes amongſt 'em: they commonly ex-
change their Wives one for anothers, nor feeme the women angry at it ;
Poligamy is fufferable: but in this they differ from other libidinous Law-
givers; as the men have many wives, fo one woman may here have many
husbands: the iffue is bequeathed as the nominates.
CoVV LAM is a Towne and Province (call'd Sopetpa in Arrhyan)
in 9 degrees North, and included in thẹ Travanzorian Kingdome. Once
it obeyed the Narfingas Monarch; once the Mallabar; at this day, neither.
200 yeares agoe the Towne was rich, and great, and populous; traded to
by many Indyans, augmented by the Samoryn, and able to number a hun-
dred thousand inhabitants: of fuch value was the fcituation for trade, fe-
curity for anchorage, and fidelity of the Coolamites. But now, whither
her glaffe is runne, the period of her excellence out-runne; or that Cal-
licat firft, and then Goa have attracted her cuſtome and refort, I cannot
fay, this I may: at this day fhee is vailed with a fable habit, deſolate and
difconfolate; fhee contemplates the mutability of Times, and other's dif
afters; and then comparing them with her owne, fees they conclude in a
like Center.
And albeit I have in many places memoriz❜d the Bannyans; here al-
fo I may name them, where they fwarme in multitudes, and fuck in the
fweetneffe of gaine, by an immeafurrble thirft and induſtry ; but (sic vos
nos vobis) it is ravisht from them by Drones, the lawleffe Moores and
Gentiles,who Lordt over them. Alas! the Bannyan is no fwaggerer, no
royſter: he hates domineering and fighting, yea will fuffer himfelfe to be
fleec't by any man, rather than fhed blood by any unhappy contention:
they love no tumult, no innovation; but with that all men were of their
mind; that is to fay, courteous in behaviour, temperate in paffion, mode-
rate in apparell, abftemious in dyet ; humble, mercifull, and fo innocent,
as not to undoe the fillieft vermin: doubting that if they fhould deftroy
any living thing, thereby they might difpoffeffe their parents or deare
friends of a peacefull Manfion ; but by eating fuch, may peradventure
devoure the foules of fuch as once were deareft to them. Ovids conceit is
partly for them,
Let's
304
LIB. 3
Eaſt-Indian Chriſtians.
inque ferinas
Poffumus ire domos,Pecudumq; in corpora condi,
Corpora que poffunt animas habuiffe Parentum
Aut Fratrum, aut aliquo jun&orum fædere nobis
Aut hominum certe !
Lets home, andin bruit Beafts our bodies hide,
Where happily our Parents may abide,
Our Brothers, or fome by Allyance tide..
One man or other fure!
And in as many places are Chriftians, or relicts of that holy profeffion:
for no doubt the Apoſtles propagated the glad tidings of falvation to all
Nations; prophefied by the Prophet David, Pfalme 19. Their found is
gone into all lands, and their words into the ends of the world: Mantuan
alſo celebrates it in theſe verſes.
Sicut aquis, quondam Noë fua mifit in orbem
Pignora fedatis,ut Gens humana per omnes
Debita cælituum Patri doret orgya terras;
Sic fua eum vellet Deus alta in regna reverti,
Difcipulos quofdam tranfmifit ad ultima mundi
Littora; docturos Gentes quo Numina ritu
Sint oranda, quibus Cœlum placabile facris:
ty
:
As when the Flood ore-fpred, old carefull Noe
His fons difperft throughout the world, to showe
The Law of God, and facredrites to pay:
So when our Saviour wouldno longer stay
On earth, a million of his Schollers he
Toth utmost bounds of th’earth with Charter free
Doth make to inſtruct the world both how to pray,
And to appeafe Gods wrath with facred Lay.
In both Afiaes the Goſpell was throughly preached: but now the fubtle-
of Satan, and that carnall law of Mahomet have infected theſe ſoule-fick
Nations for all which, Chrift has his flock there, which though at this
time ſcattered, yet in due time fhall be gathered, and made one bleffed
company. In Perfia are many thoufand Chriftians; in India a no leffe
multitude; compared indeed to other Idolaters, but a hand full: yet that
does not difcourage them: 'tis better go to heaven alone, than to hell with
an innumerable multitude: Arnobius of old times could fay Nationibus
eunctis nos fumus Chriftiani. In many marittim Townes of India, that
name is honoured. In Meliapore, Narfinga, Coolan, Gucurran, Curigan,
Bipur, Tanor, Battacala, Ónor,Cranganor, Goa, and other places are Chri-
ftians: yea, in many Indian Iles fome are numbered: among Mahomitans
they have freedome of confcience from that Azoara in the Alcoran, That
none are to be difwaded from the religion they fuckt from their cradle:
amongſt Panyms, from that rule of Nature; Ufe others, as thou would'ft
others fhould uſe thee. The Chriftians in theſe parts differ in fome things
from us and the Papacie; yet retaine many principles of the Orthodox and
Catholick doctrine: Lets enter their Temples. Their Churches are low
and but poorely furniſhed; their vaffalage will reach no further: whether
bodies bee reple-
from their fubjection, or that (fo the Temples of thurther : whether
night with vertue) the excellency of buildings conferre not holineffe, I
know not: neat they are, and ſweetly kept; matted, without fears, and in-
fteed of Images have fome felect and ufefull texts of holy Writ obviously
writ or painted. They affemble and hafte to Church each Lords day with
great alacrity: at their entring they fhut their eyes and contemplate the
holineffe of the place, the exercife they come about, and their owne un-
worthineffe: as they kneele, they look towards the Altar or Table,neere
which the Bishop or Preift is feated, whom they falute with a low and
humble reverence; who returneshis bleffing by the up-lifting of his hands
and
LIB. 3
305
Eaft-Indian Chriftians.
1
and eyes: at a fet houre they begin prayers, above two houres feldome
continuing: firſt they have a fhort generall confeffion, which they follow
the Prieft in,and affent in an unanim Amen: then followes an Expofition
of fome part or text of holy Scripture: during which, their attention,
dejected lookes, and filence is admirable: they fing an hymne, and at par-
ting out of Church, re-falute the Minifter; who ceaſes not (till all be gone
out) to elate his hands and bleſſe them. When they are come home they
read a chapter in either Teftament, both which they fuppofe they have in-
corrupt after the Originalls, and tranflated for them by Saint Thomas the
Apoſtle and patron of the Orient: they have it alfo in the Chaldy; but
none fave the Clergie underſtand it: every firſt Sonday in the Month,
the Prieſt reads a Sermon out of an old Homily,writ (as they ſay) by the
Apoſtle or ſome of his Difciples: they Baptife commonly at the 40 day
if the Parents do no fooner defire it; they firft figne the Infant on the fore-
head with the Croffe, and then wafh it all over with water: the Sacra-
ment of the Lords holy Supper they adminifter in both kinds;the Commu-
nicants receive it (reverently) kneeling: they obferve two dayes ftri&t
preparation, during which they eat no flesh, revell not, accompanie with
no women: in the Church they confeffe their finnes and demerits with
great reluctancy: They marry as wee do: the Clergie marry but once;
the Layety but twice; widdowes if they marry before the yeere be expi-
red (after which their husbands dyed) are ill reported of, and hazard their
joynâure: none (fave for adultery) have lycence to part till death ſever
them. In fickneffe the Prieft is fent for to comfort them, and to give the
Eucharift, if it bee heartily defired: that done, they take farwell of their
wife,and children,and all others; and fo rid themſelves of carnall diſtracti-
ons; which too oft hinder the defired meditation of the mifery of world-
lings; and by a holy contemplation of the ineffable joyes of heaven, ſtrive
to mitigate the pangs of their diſeaſe, yea the grim afpect of approaching
Death; and the furvivers rather joy than mourne as they folemnize his fu-
neral: they firftwafh, then wrap theCorps in clean linnen; & a few ſelected
friends concomitate it to the grave, wherein they place it looking (not
Eaft,but) Weft towards Ierufalem: five dayes after that they vifit his Fami
ly. They feaft and faft as we : their Lent or abftinence from fleſh and the
like,begins each ſpring, and is ftrictly obſerved fortie dayes, without ban-
quet or bravery: their yeare is Soli-genian: our three cheefe Feaftivalls
they celebrate, in July they commemorate the martyrdome of Saint
Thomas: they have many Patriarchs or Protomifts, the cheife refides at a
houſe built upon a high mountaine,nine miles from Cranganor. Since the
Portugalls traded Indya they have fhaven their heads:the Layicks pay Des
cima or Tythes willingly: they affect juftice, truth, peace, humility, obe
dience, &c. and acknowledge Saint Thomas (fome the Eunuch of Arabia,
converted by Philip) their Tutelary Saint, and Patron. They beleeve no
Purgatory.
that
May 7, we had 8 degrees : and ere Sunne-fet darted our eyes upon
high mountaine commonly called Brin Iohn i. e. the Mount of John; and
revives the British Antiquity. Next day we had 7 degrees 30 minutes ¡va-
riation 14 degrees: than which, that famous Promontory of Eaft-India
extends
}
306
LIB. 3
/
Zeyloon.
Maldive.
1
extends no further towards the Equator. Next day wee failed by the
Maldyve, Iles memoriz'd by Pyrard de Laval who lived there, and reports
that the King there ftyles himselfe Emperour of thirteene Provinces and
12000 Ilands; moft and leaft any King in the world is owner of. Neere
theſe are other Iles, Candu, Nicubar, and Sumbrero by name, in the view
of Zeyloon, and Sumatra : to which place and many other I muft guide
your patience.
of Zeyloon.
ZEyloon (or Ceylon,) one of thoſe five Iles Ptolomy calls Barußa, was not
innominate to the Antients.By Ptolomy,cald Panigarenfis;& fince him
(in Arab. Authors) Sifuara, Temarifis, and Nanigeris. At this day Zeyloon
by us; Chingall, by the inhabitants: an Ile, fpatious, rich, and famous:
fevered from the Afiatick continent by a fmall fea,not forty Leagues over.
It is limitted from 8 to 11 deg.of latit. North;the length is about 70 leagues;
breadth 40, and circuit 250 or thereabouts: an Ile famous in fome old con-
jectures, as that Paradife was here; & that K. Salomon had hence his obrize
gold or gold of Ophyr; but I beleeve neither,in regard moft writers fix the
ruines of the one in Mefopotamia;and the other rather in Pegu,Lava,&thofe
wealthy places. The most memorable is this, That Meleck (or Melchior)
Pyramal, King of this Iland is thought one of thoſe wife-men (premonifht
by that prophesy of Balaam the Edomite in Num. 24. 17.) that brought
(as to a King, a Prieft, a Prophet,) Gold, Frank-inſence, and Myrrh,unto
our bleffed Saviour; foretold alſo by the Perfian Sybill, and by a new
made Starre guided by the finger of God, miraculouſly directed: and
who at his returne made knowne the myſtery of Gods Incarnation, for
mans redemption;& by his laborious teaching made many Profelites; fome
to this day by tradition memorifing him,and reteining fomewhat of Chri-
ftian knowledge, though the greateſt part bee Apoftats; and drunk with
abominable demonomy and fuperftition. But whether Melchyor returned
(upon Saint Thomas his arrivall) and with the other two came into Europe,
and whether thoſe three buried in Cullen be fictitious orno; it is not per-
tinent to a Travellers curiofity to infift upon. But this is obvious in Hifto-
ry, That Candaces Noble Eunuch, baptifed by Philip, left her ſervice to
preach Chrift; whom very fruitfully he made knowne to many parts of
Araby and fundry Iles; as Socotora, this, and Tabrobane, or Sumatra;
as Dorotheus Bishop of Tyre, in the dayes of the great and godly Conftan-
tine witneffeth.
The honour of the firft Chriftian European diſcoverie,we owe to Lau-
rentius fonne of the brave Almeyda the Portugall Generall, about the
yeare 1500:not altering the name from what the Natives named it. Which
though Hayton (3co yeares agoe) and Barrius (by many fophifticated No-
tions borrowed from the braiñes of Corfalus and Varryer) will have to be
Tabroban; we will grant it fo, when by Epedemick affent, hee can prove
Peru to be Ophyr.
To fpeake of the Time prefent. The Ile is over-runne with ſtinking
weeds of curfed Heythenifme.
+
Hit
}
LIB.3
307
Zeyloon.
1
Here, grow those heaps of Errors, which we fee
Of all uncleanneſſe and Idolatrie.
Hic, errorum cumulus, hic omnis fpurcitia
Hic, infœlix populus gaudet Idolatria.
Scarce any Village or Mount without its inanimate Paged; which being
diversin fhape, are therefore diverfified, in that they relish the divers pal-
lats of divers men. Witneffe that infamous Apis Hanimant, or Apes-
tooth-god, fo highly, fo generally reforted to by millions of Indians, till
Conftantine the late Goan Viceroy landed soo men, fpoil'd Columbo, and
tooke away that fimple Idoll, and in his zeale burnt it, refufing 300000
Duckets which the Zeylonians profferd to redeeme that their helpleffe
Pagod. Unwifely refuſed; in that a craftie Bannyan produced fuch ano-
ther, proteſting it the fame, was beleev'd by the Jogues the Priefts,there-
by exceedingly enriching himselfe, and joying not a little thefe credulous
Zelonyans.
They have many other Cacodæmons horrible and ugly. The more de-
formed the more exact Ideas of Devills, & the more venerable. A notable
one is that (not farre from Mattacala) confpicuous in its ftanding, an Idoll
of great bulk and Antiquity; Of which, the Singales and Jogues Crono-
graphy. That, many yeares agoe, one Iohna their King nouriſht a ridicu
lous and impious conceit of this Diabolo, as a fooliſh and fenfeleffe Idoll.
But loe, the Jogues by the Devills craft fo wrought that upon a folemne
day, as Iobra entred, he beheld the Pagod to breach out fire and furie, his
eyes colour'd with rage,and the Semiter in his hand wrathfully bent againſt
him; the amazed King cryes out for help, accufes his infidelity, confeffes
it a perfect Devill, and having well fatisfied for his errour, is reconcil'd,
and ever after a zealons Idolater.
The place where this grand Pagotha ftands, is invelloped with a cloud
of Armes, and as fedulouſly guarded. Good reaſon too.
The Time ſhall come ; when ſea, when land, when all
The heavens vaſt moving regions, burning ſhall
Confume, and to their ancient Chaos fall.
Effe quoq; in Fatis reminiſcitur affore tempus
Quo mare, quo Tellus, correptaq; regia coll
Ardeat. Et Mundi moles operofa laboret.
Verily beleeving, that fo foone as this tott'ring Idoll falls, the finall ru-
ine and overture of the whole world by fire or other wayes fhall immedi-
ately come after.
Upon Columbo's high peake (a place deerely bought by the covetous
Portugall) is alſo fhew'd and feene (and credited) the veftigiating or foot-
fteps of old Adam,here (beleeve them if you can) borne and buried. Here
alfo for a little money and much paines you may fee a Lake of falt water
(and becauſe falt, upon fo high a hill) faid to be no other water, but the
very teares which Eve fhed a hundred yeares together for the murther of
righteous Abell. A Cabala, how ſtrange foever it ſeeme to mee and you,
yet Frier Oderic of Friuli (Anno 1 300, a contemporary and fellow Travel-
ler and Figmentor with our Sir John) not onely beleeves it, but perfwades
us to a like credulity.
A word now of the foyle. It abounds with fundry forts of aromatique
fpices
Rr
308
LIB. 3
Zeyloon.
Kormandell.
Cynamon.
ſpices;but in moft plenty with Cinnamon:and thence,by Ptolomy and Stra-
bo is call'd Cinnamomifera regio. Cinnamon, is a precious bark. The Tree
is ftraight and low, the branches no way ruinous but growing in a comly
poſture. It reſembles the Olive tree in height, with which it co-operates
towards perfection. The leaves are not unlike the Bay and Orenge. The
bloffoms,are xactly white,fragrant,& beautifull. The fruit is globous,hard,
and (by reafon of Apollos conftant kiffes) darkly coloured. It is apparell'd
with a thick rynd or barke, which, in Summer (when it may beſt diſcover
its virgin nakedneffe) tis difroabed of,and by the churlish Pefant cut in ma-
ny ſmall peeces, arefied by th'imbracing Sonne, and fo gathered. I might
here alſo preſent you many other rarities this noble Ile abounds with.
Orenges, Dates, Coquos, Ananas, Plantans, and Maftick,which Tom Coriat
will not beleeve growes any where fave in Syo. Elephants, Buffolos,
Cowes, Sheepe, Hogs,&c. Smaragd, Rubies, Ambergrice, and the like:
But I rather defire to pleaſe thee by naming them. And with this, that all
put together feem'd fo magicall and dazeling in the eyes of the avaritious
Lufitanian, that Almeyda in deſpight of her united Heptarchy landed here
Anno Dom.1506, fortified and forced for Emanuel his King a prety Tribute,
an Annall tax of 250000 pound weight of their beft Cinnamon, which
Soufa begun to lode away the third yeare after. But the King (more rich
than crafty) to fhew how little hee regarded the loffe of fo much ufeleffe
barks of Trees, and (I know no other reaſon) to ſet a better edge upon
the monftrous appetite of the leane faced Portugall, invites them to fee
him walk upon a Tarrafs, arrayed in an imbrodered coat thick powderd
with gold, Smaragds, Pearle and Diamond all together darting out rayes
of a moft wonderfull delight and lufter: to which (albeit Phœbus did his
beft to encreaſe the ſplendour,) yet (as if that wanted glory) soo Flam-
beauxes were put in flames to make this miferable Prince feeme able to
ftrike men dead with his dazeling glory. But it rather was as Balme to the
heart, and as a Corpo Santo to the devouring admirers. Forforthwith, Sil-
veira built a brave and well-defended Caftle there, (under promiſe to ayd
them againſt the Mallabar) but it was rather to be his Jewell keeper; for in
fmall time they fo purſued the feeble King, that they became Ravifhers of
what he had; and by a forced nakedneffe, learnt him a future better way
of politique braverie.
From Zeloon let us hoiſe faile for fome eminent Ports and marittim
parts of Indya, Lorded by many black but daring Pagans: the Mogull (of
whom in the first part wee have treated) who has fwallow'd up, and in-
circled within his owne Diadem many great and noble Kingdomes: the
reſt, being the Decan, Samoreen,(or Mallabar) Narſingan, Pegu, Sjam, and
others; of whom we will briefly glance at. As of the chiefeft Iles, vicina-
ting this we laft landed at. As Sumatra,the Iave,Borneo, Celebes, Moluccoes,
Bande, Amboyna, Phillippina,&c. And firft,of the coaft of Chormandel.
TH
t
Of Chormandel.
He coaſt of Chormandel (Catigardamna in Ptolomy) ſtretches from
Cape Comryn under 7 degr, minutes odd North, as farre as the great
and
:
I
LIB.3
309 €1
Megapatan.
and famous gulph of Bengala, receiving both the heads of holy Ganges,the
Ocean bellowing upon thefe well knowne Townes of Trade, Negapatan,
Meliapore (both, famous for intombing S.Bartholmen and S.Thomas,) Poly-
cat, Armagun, Narfing, Meflipatan, Bipilipatan, and other places; where
of old the Affacani (whence the Affaffinates) are placed by Strabo, and
Narfinga I take to be Magoza.
*
1
NEGAPATAN (ie. a Towne upon the river Negay) has 12 deg.lati-
tude North, odd minutes, hot and unwholfome, both in regard the wind
and raines are for the better part of the yeare, high and unfeaſonable. The
Towne has good water, and Fruits well relifht, cooling and nutritive;
notwithſtanding, the people are much vexed with Fevers, Fluxes, and
other Diſeaſes. The people be blackish, blockiſh, and unapt for ſtudie or
exercife: Heat (which here predominates) debelitates their appetite,and
invites them to too much eafe (the Mother of luxurie ;) a ſmall, thin, but
very fine Shuddery or vaile of Lawne is drawne afore their fecret parts;
their head alſo has a ſmall wreath, the reft is expofed to view and weather.
They want no gold, ftones of value, nor fuch things as the Merchant co-
vets; but they prize them as we doe Trifles. Any religion is tolerable: fo
that fome praife Mahomet fome a Dog, others a Crocodile, and fome love
fenfeleffe Pagods. The Banyan wives here have more freedome to burn
themſelves to afhes at the Funerall of their husbands, than where the
Moores have command; fo that in this Coaft the cuftome is ufuall. Their
Marriages require the firft place. They are various, the moſt Novell be-
ing, that a Prieft,a Cow and the two Lovers go together to the water fide;
where the Bramyn mutters a prayer of fmal matter to fome purpofe;which
fioifht, in order and Symmetry they linck hands, and have the Cowes tay le
commixt as a holy teftimony on all together the Bramin powres his hal-
lowed Oyle, and forces the beaft into the river, whereinto thee goes wil-
lingly, yea fo farre till they be to the middle in water; nor returnes fhe,nor
doe they difunite,till Neprene fright her? but being on fhore, they untie,
holding that conjunction facred and powerfull ever after.
She
Their Epithalamy is fung, let's heare their Funeralls! when Death has
cut in two their Union; fhee conceits her ſelfe a loathed carkaffe to live
after him: fhee roabs her tender body with a tranfparent Lawne; her
armes, leggs, and thighes, are fettered with wanton chaines of love; her
eares,nofe,and fingers,adorn'd with Pearles and precious ftones; one hand
holds choife of flowers; th'other a Ball; Embleams of immortall Paradife.
goes attended with a mighty company; ſome for love, moſt for No-
velty. The Prieft all the way defcribes the rare joyes fhe is going to; fhe
grants a modeft fimile, trips on, and upon fight of the flame, feemes tranf-
ported beyond measure the fees the carcaffe of her Husband layd upon a
pyle of pretious wood, and when the fire begins to embrace him, like a
mad Lover fhee bids Farwell to her Parents, children,and friends,and wil-
lingly incorporates her felfe with fire; which quickly makes them one,
and nothing; nothing extant fave fame, flame, and afhes. Of which the
Poët, thus of old.
Rr 2
ES
310
LIB. 3
Negapatan. Meliapore.
Et certamen habent lethi, quæ viva fequatur
conjugium; pudor eft nan licuiffe mori.
Ardent victrices, & præbent pecora flamme;
imponuntque fuis ora peruſta viris.
Groffe Ido-
latry.
They ſtrive to die, and who beft ſpeed can makę
They blush, grim Death foflowly to o'retake.
The Conquerors burn, their brefts yeeld to the fire,
And to their husbands their burnt lips afpire.
Some refuſe to burne, but are forced to fhave and live as Monſters: a pu-
niſhment juſtly given, they were growne fo audiciously wanton,that upon
any diſtaſte the lives of their abuſed husbands could but fatisfie their luft-
full boldneſſe acted by venome, till by Parliament this courfe was taken to
avoyd the danger.
Such is the miferable vaffalage the old red Dragon cheyns this wretch-
ed people in ; who are fo farre from commiferating their owne woe, that
they invent many tragick tricks of devotion to deftroy themselves, and
to agrandize their idolatry. They have a maffy copper guilded Pagod,
mounted upon a triumphant Chariot moved by eight mighty wheeles
over-laid with pure gold; the Afcent is fpatious and cafe by many fteps,
on which are placed (upon a folemne day)the Priests and many fober girles
(who to inrich the Divell (poore knave) proſtitute their bodies to the li-
bidinous flame of wicked men: Oh ignis infernalis luxuria! fond zeale of
fuch befotted Parents, to deftinate their pretty children from a miferable
infancy to the old age of hellish devotion: the proceffion followes, (not
unlike the Thenfa us'd by the fuperftitious Romans or that by idolatry
of the Danes reported by Ditmarus and Dado their writers,) happy is that
man, rich and poore, great and baſe; can faſten a hand to draw the Char-
riot: yea they account them happieft, who out of a frantick zeale, teme-
rariouſly throw their naked bodies in the way; that by the ponderouf-
neffe of the Devill and his Charriot, their wretched bodies may be crufbe
in peeces, by that thought Martyrs, not knowing that their mortall filly
foules flie into the fry of an endleffe flame: yea more (infandum) fuch is
the ftupid folly of theſe men that they perfwade their fanatique daughters
to become baſe ſtrumpets to pleaſe their fancy and inrich their Pagods,
infomuch, as it is a great wonder to fee ſo many girles at fuch immaturity,
fo impudently delighted with filthy men.
Quid juvat durum proverare Fatum ?
Omnis hæc vaga turba libet ad manes
Facictque ineruvela Cocyto.
What helps it thus to haßte your destiny?
In fuch post-hafte fince all this wretched fry
Shall with full fagle to hell through Cecyt fly.
From Negapatan goe we for Meliapore,
MELIAPORE, is a Town on the Coaſt of Rormandel, elevating the
Artick Pole 13 degr. 20 min. both old and famous; firft call'd Calamina,
then, Melange, Meliapore after that, and now S.Thomas, by reafon that in this
place he fuffred martyrdome.
The Towne is at this day fmall and poore; under Moorish command;
and yeelds little for Trade, fave Cotton ware and fuch Commodities;
howbeit, is exalted in her memory. This was the laſt place where the
Apoſtle preached, after hee had converted Perfia, Hyrcania, Baŭria, Sog-
diana,
}
•
LIB. 3
311
Meliapore.
diana, and many parts of Indya, yea and many Profelites were here, who
embraced his foule-faving doctrine, and thoſe not of the bafeft fort; for
Sygamus himſelfe (Emperour of this Coaſt) was baptized, and (by his ex-
ample) other of the Nobles. Howbeit, the Devill fo wrought (by Gods
permiffion) that ſome apoft atizd and inraged the multitude, fo that in a
common furie they both fuffered, the one was fhot to death, the other
brayned,and both crowned with glorious martyrdome, thirty yeares after
our Saviours paffion. And, however Abdias Babylonicus (who writ that
after their deaths they appeared and preached againe their former do-
arine,) may feeme doubtfull, this is certaine that in Memory of their cru-
ell ingatitude, the divine juftice hath marked their pofterities, (as fome
Jewes fay the Tribe of Benjamin are to this day, who of all others were
moft fierce againft our Saviour of the Tribe of David and Iudah) ſo theſe
have one leg as big againe in the calfe as is the other. Notwithstanding the
peoples rage, the two noble Martyrs had each his fepulcher, and to this
day was a receptory of many native and other holy Chriſtians; till about
fiftie yeares fince, their skulls and bones were brought away and (as ho-
ly relicks) at this day kept in the Virgins church in los) by command of
Iohn 3 of Portugal, who fent Emanuel Frias (guided by Alphonfus Souſe) to
that purpoſe.
Many ftrange Jeports I could give yee out of Spanish reporters, But I
am not enjoyned to beleeve them. What is very obfervable and with
warrant, I may. That in the yeare of our Lord God 883 (as Malmsburg,
Glor.Wigorn. and others juftific) Syghelmus a devout Biſhop of Shirborne in
Derfetfagre encoraged by Alfreda holy Engliſh King travelled to this place
in pilgrimage with Alms and Offrings; yea and return'd home in nine
yeares with great joy, rarities and experience, bought by incredible pati-
ence, coft and danger, after which the place was very famous. I read alfo,
that in the yeare of our Lord 1277. Myrangee an Atheist conquerd Narfinga
and beyond this City, a man full of rapine and other impietie; yeafo bafe-
ly opinionated of this relique and Tradition that having one yeare abun-
dance of ryce and other graine, and roome enough to hoord it in,in a con.
temning way and bravery no place would pleaſe him to put it fave the
holy Chappell, where prayers were inceffantly made by many religious
Chriftians. They intreat him to refraine, by all fubmiffive meanes, but it
fpurs him on to a greater height of profanenelle, yea is infinitely glad it
vexes them, by this fuppofing himselfe to be thought a God (a Devill ra-
ther) and to be worshipped. But fee Gods power and favour in it; that
night, in an affrighting dreame or vifion he fees the old Apoſtle approach-
ing him in wrathfull and difcontented way threatning to punish him for
his ungodlineffe, and with an Iron whip proffers to lafh the relenting
King, who fuddenly is awaked and as foone befeeching the Chriftians to
pray for him, helping himselfe to purge the houfe of God and fatisfying
for his facriledge. A Miracle not a little joying the fad minded Chri-
ftians.
Polycat in 14 deg. Armagun Caleture, Tarnaffery and Petipaly are in our
way hence to Narfinga and Meflipotan; but by reafon they are but lately
become factoryes of Engliſh Merchants, and differ in cuſtomes colour,
and
312
LIB. 3
Narfinga.
and other things, little from Narfinga: wee will paffe thence to other
deſcriptions.
N
Of Narfinga.
ARSINGA, is a Noble part of India where ſome would have
Chormandell to terminate,but I like it not. Narfinga is famous all over
Afia: confined by Mallabar, Gulcunda, Bengala (Baracura of old,) and the
Ocean. The King fo rich, that he defpifes his Neighbours: fo powerfull in
Men, Armes, and Ammunition; that hee values neither Mogul, Decan,
Samoryn, nor Peguan. His Kingdomes are defended by loyall flaves, and
many naturall advantages; full of all things requifite, for ufe, and plea-
fure: as faire Townes, ftrong Förts,pleaſant fields, and choifeft Mineralls;
abounding in rivers, hills,dales, corne,cattell, fruits, &c,fo that with good
caufe he is reputed as abfolute a Monark as any other in India. The Banny-
ans fwarm like Locufts here ; the Bramyns are no where more reputed of:
the Temples indeed in their ftructures boaft of no great bravery, but are
proud within; reteyning many rich and maffy Idolls, fhaped and com-
manded by the Devil for his fervice and their devotion.
BISNAGAR (Modura of old, Arcati ſaies Castaldus)is the fecond Citie
in Narfinga for grandeur and braverie; being circled with a wall of foure
miles compaffe, and as well fortefied: well built, and no leffe wealthy.
Some Churches it has,remarkable for fhape & ornament; but in their gen-
tiliſme baſe and immodeft, yea unworthy the relation. The Port or Haven
is good to anchor in: the Citie well frequented by European fhips and
Junks from Malacca, Pegu, Cambogia, Cochyn-Chyna, Chyna, lapan, Phyllip-
pina, the Molucca, Borneo, Iava, Sumatra, Zeiloon, and many parts of In-
dia, Arabia, Perfia, and like places,
When any Traveller comes to his Court,he fhall have fitting entertain-
ment and is many times invited by the King, the better to fhew his fine
cloaths, which to fhew our felves thankfull we will report to other nati-
ons,being thick fet with ftones and gems of infinite valew and wonderfull
luftre; which when he is roabed with (for the reſemblance they have with
the Son, which they worship)he is adored: his Court is full of Majefty, his
guard being a thouſand penfioners: he affects poligamy, and therefore
writes himſelfe husband of a thouſand women; many of them having him
all his life in fuch efteeme, that at his Death they make his flaming Grave
their confuming Sepulcher.
MESVLIPATAN, commonly pronounc't by contraction Meflipa-
tan, is fubject to the Gulcundan King, and removed from the Equinoctiall
16 degr. and a halfe, North; ſeated in the skirt of the Bengalan Ocean.
The whole province admits a mixture of ſeverall Idolatries; in moſt parts
the Saracins and Bannyans being the greateft number. Mahomet was bla-
fted among them by a Colony of Perfians conducted hither in the 28 yeare
of the Ægyra and of our account 648 by Abdall Ben Hemyr a man of no
fmal reckoning with Ozman the then Calyph of Babylon & Mecca,fince when
their off-fpring have here inhabited. The town it felfe cannot be famofed
either for bulk, beauty, or pleaſure. 50 yeares agoe by a raging mortality
་་
and
1
L1.B. 3
313
Cafia.
1
and Famin being well nigh depopulated. The ſtreets are few, and narrow;
the houſes low and unfurnished; the fields and gardens parcht by flaming
Phaeton, which here rages from March to Iuly; from thence to Novem-
ber the wind and raine as inceffantly difturbing them: fo as of twelve
months, they have but foure from November to March falubrious and
moderate: howbeit, by reafon of the Engliſh refidence here, of late traf-
ficking for callicoes, rice,and the like, it begins to flouriſh,and is not to be
doubted, unleffe the unquiet and deceitfull humour of the people diftafte
the Engliſh and force their removall to adjacent places as Armagun and
Polycat, where they may fit downe with more eafe, leffe charge and
choyfer merchandizes.
Hence remove your chaft eyes and eares to an unchaft Towne, though
Cafta by name ; a Towne infamous in curfed demonomy and wantonneffe.
The Moſques have Idols in them, fhewing art in fculpture very commen-
dable, but hatefull in the ftinck of their devotion. The common fhapes
of Pagods here refemble beatly Priapus and Pan (as is defcribed by
Servius in Egloc 2 Virgil) having great eyes, flat nofe, wide mouth, foure
great hornes, a long beard fhaped like beames or radiance of the Sun,
clawes for hands, and crooked legd, all over deformed.
Nil fine Numine is old. Here we fee Nil nifi Numen. The Devill pleaſing
them in varietie and not caring how nor in what ſhape it be, fo he be fer-
ved. Some imagins a cow above all creatures worth his adoration. Others
regard the Sunne, Moon, Starres, as heavenly foules and helpers: and
other fome the refreshing streames, fhading trees, and the like; whereby
I may ficly paralell them with what Tacitus fpeaks of the Celtes our neigh-
bours. Multa fimulacra, multum peregrina fuperftitionis veftigium ibi vi-
dere liceat. They have many folemne Festivalls. In fome of them they
faften fick or needy-men(made ftupid by too much zeale) to a hook or en
gine, which being hoift to elevate him with the Pagod, the blood trick-
ling from his wounded fhoulders (exceffit medicina modum)is preferved by
the Priests; & at his difcent(as a meritorious facrifice) dafht againſt a Tree:
and after he has (in moft fubmiffive fort) intreated the divell to accept his
offring, returnes fild with joy and applaufe and hopes to thrive the better
ever after. They Offer in the night,firft making the streets bright as day by
a multitude of lights,then ſtuffing their hands and bags with ryce,they glo-
merate and wind in dances in every corner (wher a puppit-god fits throw-
ing ryce and fruits; but being once out of the magick ring,hafte away ;not
daring to looke back left the Divell fhould teare them for this their gra-
titude.
They ufe not common burialls, in that the Carcaffe is placed in a deep
cave, long and narrow; or betwixt two walls built fo of purpofe; and
wherein the fooliſh widdow immures her felf; never after ſpeaking to any,
but expecting death by the arrow of Famine, of all other the most formi-
dable and infufferable.
Their Habits are beft part nakedneffe,the zone excufes cloathing. They
delight in filling, and to sport upon the water, in boates or curricurries
thus ſhaped."
•
of
314
3.
Malacca.
LIB. 3
:
A Curricurre or boat
M
Of Malacca.
ALACCA ( Terra aurifero in Iofephus :) elevates the Artick Polę
s degr. from the Æquator. Was known of old by the name of An-
rea Cherfonefus, and if my ayme deceive me not, the fame, Ptolomy in his
7 lib. 2. c. cals Facela, and more likely to be part of Ophyr, (from fuch
abundance of Gold as hence, in Pegn, Syam, Bornce and Sumatra is and
has ever been raviſhed, and in that, Opbyr and Hobab with Havilah their
brother, fonnes of Ioan here inhabited) rather than Hispaniola ſuppoſed
Ophyr by Columbus and Stephanus ; Soffala by Ortelius. Gambra by Ar-
rius Montanus; Ormus by Daneus; or thofe moon conceits of Peru by
bold fac't Goropius; or that Spaniſh brag of Pineda who threatens thoſe
that will not beleeve Cadiz was it: for I fee this place admits the conje-
ature better both from the Port of Ezion-geber in the red Sea, whence by
Arabia's ſhore and the Indian they might without helpe of the Adamant or
Pole Starre facilitate their voyage; and that this place has of old been
denominate the Land of gold. This old verfe of Tzetza points at it.
İnfula eft Indica quam (Poetæ) Auræam vocant.
Alii vero peninfulam dicunt, fed non Infulam.
Hebræi autem Ophyr Lingua fua vocant.
Habet enim Metalla Auri & Lapides omnifarios.
Excellenter magis vero Praſinum lapidem.
The golden Indian Ile (by Poets fung)
A peninſule ſome name it, and no Ile.
The Hebrews call it Ophyr in their tongue.
All forts of ftones and mynes of gold ere while
Are found there with the choifeft Prafine ftone.
And Malacca is a Cherfoneffe or Peninsula, which makes it agree the bet-
ter with this defcription of Ophyr.
+
The
LIB. 3
315
Malacca.
Patania.
The Citie Malacca is under 5 (fome obferve 4)degrees North,and obeys
the Monarchy of Syam, ever fince Abdalla the honeft King therof was An.
I so 8. most inconfideratly beheaded by the Portugall; and that upon Se-
quepra's complaint Albuquerk fackt it, obteining an incredible maffe of
treafure; 3000 peeces of great Ordnance, and fo much minted coyne,that
the King of Portugalls part (being but a fift) came to 250000 ryalls of 8:
a conqueft fo forceable, that (notwithſtanding the Castle and Gariſon left
there by the Lufitanian) the Syam King at his owne leifure proftrated it.
The Citie is above 3 miles long, but very narrow; built in a hemicycle,
upon the banks of a pleaſant river, as broad as is the Thames, but not fo po-
table: a rivolet of fweeter water glides gently thorow the Town, over
which is rais'da Bridge,ftrong though meanly beautifull: the wals circling
her are reafonable ftrong; but invalidable againſt the fiery vomits of the
Cannon: the buildings are generally low and bafe, and lined with poore
furniture, though they want no gold to buy it with; but being dark and
clofe, tis the leffe ufefull: the moft obfervable are her Fanes, Cypreffes,
and Gardens, the ftreets and fields fhow many delightfull Arbours and
choyce fruits; amongft which the Duroyen (as valewable with them as
Mynes of Gold and Silver,abounding here,) Corne, Suger,and fome other
rarities: the people are naturally hofpitable; affected with mufick, fongs,
and ftrangers: howbeit, impatient and fierce, if exasperated ; jealous, if
occafioned, deceitfull if too much credited: their language is epedemic,
and ferves no leffe in theſe parts, than with us the Latine; in other parts,
the Arabic: leave we Synca pura, and paffe to Patania, an eaſie dyaęs jour-
ney thence.
PAT
Of Patania.
ATANIA, (Perimula ofold,at this day a well-known Citie in the Ben-
galan or Argaric gulph, and extra Gangem) elevates the Pole Artick,
about 7 degrees; and is fcituate in midft of thofe two famous Ports, Ma-
lacca and Syam. The government is Monarchicall; the Kings derive
themſelves from a Gentile King of Delly, who when he had ſubdued Pa-
tania, left his ſonne Ginger his Prorex here; and from whom the late
Queene and this Prince are truly branched. The Mogull oft threatens
to dethrone him; yet he fits clofe and keeps his owne; eſpecially fafe-
guarded by interpofing Ganges, and fome fmall but ufefull I'lets where he
advantagioufly fortefies. The Towne is ftrong, and beft defended by 12
peeces of great braſſe Ordnance; one of them (a Bafilifco) is twenty fix
foor long, well proportioned in bore and fquaring. Some Temples of
Idolatry Patania fhews, furnifht with wooden gods for politheifme; but
more note-worthy in fome antick Monumets of former Kings.
The people are black, and go with the most part of their bodies naked:
they take great delight in eating of Berle and Opium, and love Areck (or
frong liquor) exceedingly: they usually eat in places of gold. They fre-
quently ſpeak three Languages,the Malay, Siam, and that of Chyna : Their
writing differs, one which is the Malay, from the right hand to the left, as
the Hebrews; another, which is the Syam, from the left to the right, as
we;
Sf
316
LIB. 3
Patania. Siam.
!
:
we; a third, which is the China, right downe and bending no way: all
three very ufuall and affected by the iuduftrious...
They are part Moores, and part Gentiles: the one fo worſhip God;
as the other do Pa-Gods or Idolls.
They are hofpitable to fuck ftrangers as from defire of novely or gain,
refide amongſt them: neither do they enquire of what Countrie they be,
what their Bufineffe, nor Religion. The men of note tranfcend in cur-
tefie; for at any mans arrivall, they bluſh not to proffer their Daugh-
ters or Neeces to be their bed-fellowes; yea to concomitate them at bed
and board during his ftay; the price for fuch a favour not equalling fo
high a complement: but that, were it leffe, too much in my opinion for
fuch Pandars and bafe proſtitutes. At the end of the prefixed time the
woman returnes home well pleas'd; fo far from fhame or loffe, that they
rather accompt her honoured; and fit for preferment : But 'tis dangerous
to be wanton elſewhere; jealoufie on either fide inflaming into rage, which
feldome dyes without one or anothers deftruction: I cannot but cry out
upon them,and adjudge them in the civil forrow of one of their Religion,
but more temperance; who could figh out, at fight of fuch abfurdities, ob
miferum! cui peccare liceat. Adultery they punifh rigidly; Fornication
is more tollerable. The young women are carelefly frolick, and feare-
lefly merry; the married, melancholy and ftrictly obferved: idleneſſe
and heat provokes them to inchaſtity. The men are alfo effeminate; yea
wallow in all kind of turpitude and fenfuality: their females are often in
their fight; the grape commoves them to wickedneffe; they delight their
guft and pallat with choyfeft wines, waters, Rack, Ryce, and fruits, both
fucculent and restorative; and which make Venus predominate : but by
this their intemperance they abreviate their dayes; few exceeding fixty
yeeres: an old age, if you contemplate their luft (Deaths beft harbinger,)
and the Zone they fweat in: bad, both; both, intemperate.
ST
Of Siam
I A M, (calld Sobanna formerly;a Citie and Kingdome fo denominated;
declining North from the Equinoctiall 14 deg.) is famous for power,
wealth, and many forts of excellencies: a great part of Pegu, Braama,
and Cambogia are tributary to him; Patania alſo, Iamohay, Odjea, and many
other Territories watered by Ganges acknowledge him: his power is
great, ufually warring with 1000 Elephants and, 200000 men. The Zone
is hot, the men black, and in fuch torrid places,little cloathing is required:
a Cambolin of pure lawn of a fad colour, trebled on and about their naked
fhoulders: fome tye a leather skin about their neck; and (as a badge of de-
votion)gird their middles with a leathern thong, and hold a Sumbrero or
Umbrella in their hands to leneɓe the flaming Sua; but weare no Sandals,
that the ſcorching fands may fo mortifie, that the Tallapoi may be thought
a wonder. They are tranfcendent Idolaters,carving Gods to worship,after
the ſhapes of Pan, Priapus, and other gorith fancies, yea and in poftures
not to bee remembred: they have Groves and Altars alfo, whereon they
offer flesh, fruits, flowers; and many times when the Tallapoi tells them
the Devill is melancholy, they warble out harmonious mufick, and do
what
LIB.3
317
Siam.
what they can to make him merry: others (fo foone as Aurora thewes
her golden Trammell) runne to their Pagods with a basket of Ryce to
be his breakfaſt, hoping thereby to profper that day the happier.
The Tallapoi preach every Monday in the Market, and affemble their
auditory by a copper Bafon. But though they feeme Fryer-mendicants
by profeffion, yet what by awe (for the very infernall ſpirits obey their
incantations) and what by pollicie (for they contemplate humilitie exter-
nally much) the people have them in fingular eftimation: Nor is it dimi-
nifhc, but agrandiz'd exceedingly by their prediction of future events, and
mervailous knowledge in things paft and prefent; by Magique and Morall
obſervation, refolving, difwading, applauding, directing, and pleafing all
that come unto them (as to Oracles) from fuch enthufiaftic Notions as
Satan prompts them with, in a word, being.
OfGods, Interpreters of Phoebus layes,
The three legd charming Stoole, the Clargan Bayes,
Planets, Birds,Language, and all old aſſayes.
Interpres Divûm; Qui Numina Phabi
Qui tripodas Clarii lauros, qui fydera ſentis,
Et Volncrûm Linguas & præpetis omnia pennæ¸
They have beene (in foregoing times) wicked Sodomites, a finne fo
hatefull to nature it felfe, that it abhorres it ; and to deterre theſe cata-
mits, a late Queen rectrix commanded that all male children fhould have
a Bell of gold (in it an Adders tongue dried) put through the prepuce,
which in small time not only became not contemptible, but in way of or-
nament and for mufick fake few now are without three or foure, fo that
when they have a mind to marry, he has his choice of what maid he likes,
but beds her not,till the Midwife prefent a fleepie ophiated potion, during
which, the Bell is loofed from the flesh, and faftned to the fore-skin, which
hinders not but titulates; the unguent is applied,and the cure is perfected.
But to fee a Virgin here, at virgins yeeres, is as a black Swan, in fegard, in
green yeers they give the too forward maids a virulent drink;whofevertue
(vyce rather) is by a ftrange efficacy to diftend their muliebria fo capaci-
ouſly that Bels and rope ring too too eaſily:and which is worft(dull memo.
ry compels us wrire it)the women here are not afhamed (the better to al-
lure men from fodomitry) to go naked to the middle, where with a fine
traſparent cobweb-lawn they are fo covered,that by a baſe device tis made
to open as they go; fo that any impure ayre gives all to mens immodeft
viewes,denudating thofe parts, which every modeft eye moſt ſcornes;each
honeft thought moft hates to fee and think upon. The Boyes paint them-
felves with a celeftiall colour from top to toe, and as an augmentation of
beauty, cut, gafh, and pinck their naked skins; which in mine (contrary-
ing their) opinion, rather breeds horror than affectation in any Traveller;
the men affect perfumes, and practize complement.
A
The foyle is but indifferent for graffe, or natures Tapiftry, but in rich
ftones,as Dyamonds, Chryfolites, Onix ftones Magnets, Bezarrs lignum
Aloes, Benjamin, Cotton;and Mynes of Gold, Silver,Iron, Copper,and the
like,moft uberous;and made more by Silverplentifull brought from Tapes,
and victualls and commodities from other parts, and bought here cheaper
than in any other places:but most memorable in the Cabriz or blood-ftone
he grenerated; the mervailous vertue being fuch (as Oforius tells us) That
fuch
i.
Sfa
318
LIB. 3
Pegu.
fuch time, the Portuguizes warred againſt the bold Sumatrans, they de-
fcried a Junck or Ship at Sea; they made to it, and were refifted boording
ir, by Nakodabeg the Captaine their inveterate adverfary: but after long
and cruell fight they entred among the naked Indyans, flew fuch as refi-
fted them, and amongst them Nahodabeg; who (to their amazement) bled
not, albeit they had hackt him in forty places; they thought it magicall,
till (having taken from his Arme a bracelet of gold, wherein was fet the
Cabriz ftone) they found the reafon, for that was no fooper removed, but
that his blood iffued abundantly from each wound hee had about him:
doubtleffe it is a moft pretious ftone,and had it power to expell death al-
fo, it were more than admirable.
·
PE
Of Pegu.
EG u, is alſo a renowned Kingdome of the Orientall Indja (Leftarum
regio, in old writers) confined by Syam, Ganges, and the Ocean; a Mo-
narchy of farre greater extent and power fifty yeeres ago, till the Syamite
pluckt forceably from her Dyadem many brave and wealthy Seignieries :
howbeit ſhe is yet commandreffe of many Ilands, Monym, Barongo, Nogo-
mallo, Duradura, Cocos, &c.
Pegu (by Caftaldus fuppofed that old City Triglipton in Ptolomy) bas
Artique elevation 16 degrees 40 minutes: a Citie walld with good ſtone,
beautified with many Turrets and parrapets : and to iffue out and enter in,
ſhewes foure faire Gates, and twelve pofternes, prettily built,and made
more ſafe, by that deep Moat or Trench (fild with Crocodiles) that cir-
cumvolves her: the streets are not many, but large and broad they are
and feldome crooking: afore every doore (the houſes are all low)growes
a pleaſant tree, whoſe fruit and wholſome ſhade makes them double uſe-
full. It is divided into two, the new Towne and the old ; the old is moſt
great and beft inhabited.
The Varellaes (or Temples) and Sudatories are obfervable; each Va-
rella farcinated with ugly (but guilded) Idolls: that at Dogonnee is not
a little memorable; for ftructure and ornament out-braving any other in
the Orient: the wilderneffe about it and antick fuperftition might cha-
lenge a copious deſcription; which I forbeare, having other things to
denotate.
This Kingdom is full of al earthly delights,& bleffings of Nature;Gold,
Silver,Lead,& Iron;allo Smaragds, Topaz,Rubies,Saphyres,Garnats,Em-
ralds, Efpinells, and Cats-eyes; as alfo Ryce, Caravances, long Pepper,'
Sugar, Benoyn, Musk, Gum-lack, Cotton, Callicoes, and what elfe a rea-
ſonable man can luft after: But all thefe if they were centuplied, are not
able to make them truly happy, wanting the true pearle, that which the
godly Merchant bought, though to obtaine it he fold all his fraile wealth
and poffeffions: for, albeit the holy Apoſtle Saint Thomas brought them
bleffed tidings of falvation; yet they quickly loft the true light, delight-
ing to this day in obfcure and loathed finnes, the Kyacks fild with bafe
: Idolatry: infomuch that father Bomferrus (an old Franciſcan) after foure
tedious yeeres labour to reduce them to fome knowledge of the Church
of
LAB319
1 B. .
Pegu.
3
?
of Rome, came home, dehring rather (as did S. Anthony) to preach a-
mong piggs, than fuch a ſwinifh generation. The truth is, they beleeve
they know not what; and Quenam eft ifta fimplicites & nefcire quod credas
fayes Hierom against the Luciferians: yet fomewhat (if all be true he tells
us) wee gather from his obfervation: that they beleeve the world (con-
filling of Heaven, Sea, and Earth,) had foure Creations; and for impiety
was foure times deſtroyed: by Fire, by Wind, by Water, and by Earth-
quakes: each Age or World governed by a feverall tutelarie Numen or
God, miferable only in this, that he was tranſitory, and not omnipotent,
nor immortall: they reckon that the laft deftruction of the world & death
of their laſt God was thirty thouſand yeeres ago; and that in Plato's great
yeere all fhall once more fuffer a chaos. They imagine a great Lord om-
niſcient, omnipotent, and immortall, lives and rules in Heaven; but they
do not worship him,in that Satan tels them,he defires it not: they beleeve
arevivification of the body after death, and co-union with the foule; and
(Bomferrus beleeves it confeffe a three-fold receptacle of foules departed,
Naſhac, Niſhac, and Schua; Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory: by which that
holy Frier convinces us of more ignorance than theſe Pagans: but wee
beleeve it never the fooner, fince the Devill is their inftru&ter, yea who
dictates their profeffion.
Their habit is thin and fine; it differs little from that they have in In-
duſtant, and Syam: but in this they varie; they weare no beards; they
dye their teeth black, in that Dogs teeth are white; whom they hate to
imitate: they alfo cut and pluck their flesh to become braver than other
Nations
I have told you the beft of Pegu; the worst is alfo memorable: In leffe
than a hundred yeeres ago, the Peguan Monark was farre more powerfull
and formidable than at this prefent: his Dyaden then ſparkled with a gal-
lent luftre; twelve wealthy Kingdomes at that time acknowledged Pega
their Soveraigne: Some of thofe Provinces are well knowne to us, as Sy-
am, Auva, Kavelan, Barmaw, Iangomer, Tangram, Cablan, Lawran, Melio-
talk, Byc. out of which, hee yeerely extracted as tribute-money two
Millions of crownes; and had a Million of men to ferve him at all occafi-
ons but this hardly could content him, for by a two lofty conceit of his
Monarchick greatneffe; he grew efflated, and to contemne others as too
bafe to fix his eyes upon; Tyranny fucceeded his pride, and decadence or
deſtruction of his Empire: Tyranny, for the Auvan King when he found
no priviledge by being Uncle to the Emperour of Peg, nor that he was
his loyall fubject; he fwells with rage, and breaks afunder his filver yoak
of hated fervitude: howeit, ere hee could ripen his defignes, the Peguan
has notice,and fo fuddenly arrefts him,that in amazement he acknowleges
his fault, and begs his mercy: but the Peguan King forthwith beheads
himjand (to terrifie others by his example) makes no difference 'twixt no-
cent and innocent; his wife, his children, and forty other whom he moſt
refpected concomitating the miferable Auvan King in that fad Tragedy.
It was terrible Juftice no doubt, but rather exafperated others to new re-
bellions; the most incenft and greateft in power was the Siam King, who
feeing his owne incertaine ftanding, (any occafion breeding jealoufie, and
the
320
LIB. 3
Pegu.
.
1
the leaft jealoufie bringing deach from his conquerour) hee fuddenly
breaks out, and with all the forces he could make by money or promifes
(ere the Peguan was return'd from 4uva) in fhort time enters Peg,and ap-
parantly made knowne his high rebellion: the Peguan threatens terrible
things,and to effectthem oppoſes the Siamite with an Armie of nine buns
dred thousand fighting men ; but that world of men could not contrarie the
decree of a more powerfull King;for fuch was the confuſed hafte he made,
precipitated by furie, fuch the hate, his crueltie had defam'd him with,
and fuch the affright his uncles Malus Genius (as Cafars did Brutus) every
where oppoſed him with, that in three houres fight his monftrous multi-
tude turne taile and willingly yeeld themfelves a prey to the inraged axe
of war, chofing rather to dy, than any way to increase the Paguan's pride;
fo as the Siamite triumphs,& the Peguan haftens back to raiſe more men to
trie a ſecond fortune: The Siamite (not willing to ingage himſelfe too far)
returnes,the Peguan is almoft there as foone as he, all the way burning and
deftroying all he met with: the Sian-King armes himfelfe with the Foxes
skin; he refufed to fight,not that he feared, but that he knew an eaſier way
whereby to affure his conqueft; the Pegu darts many fiery defiances, calls
him rebell, coward, and what not, not dreaming of his ftratagems: for
ere hee could leave his trenches the ſwift and mighty river Suhan (Mean
fome call it) fweld defperately, broke ore her bancks, and flufht fo violent
into the Pegnas army, that for want of boates and other helpes, above
feven hundred thouſand perished, the reft were as bad as dead; feare and
famine ſo overwhelmed them; this river every yeere (like Nilus) over-
flowes, and ſupplies their want of raine; fo mellowing the earth as it com-
pares with Egypt for plenty, and with any other part of Indya fer rarities:
the next yeere the King of Pegu feconded his fight, but was compenfated
with no better fortune, we may fay with worfe; in that his fonne in this
triall by too much valour loft his life, and of sooooo not a third got fafe
back to Martavan. And which was worse than that, by theſe perpetuall
brawles of warre, his coffers were emptied; his Cities impoverisht by
want of trade; and his Kingdome in a fort depopulated by loffe of fo many
men: theſe prov'd not motives of pittie to the other late fubjected Ter-
ritories, but provocatives rather to unfetter themſelves(as Siam had done)
from unnaturall thraldome; fo that the King of Bramaw, the viceroy of
Tangu, and of Rachan (a Province twixt Pegu and Bengala) confederates
and whiles the King of Pegu was hatching more prodigies at Martavas,
they ſteale into Fegu with a refolute Army, deftroying fuch as the late
famine had fpared, but though they found few people, and leffe food,
yet got they riches incredible; out of Pega the Citie as much treaſure as
loaded 2000 Camells: and as a period of that defigne not only made the
wretched King crownleffe, but crowned their conqueft with his life, his
wife, and three fonnes forrowfully accompaying him: Arrakan and the
other two diſagreeing about the fpoyle, were beaten home by the
Bramaan King; hee enjy'd it but a while, the Siamite entring fo furi-
oufly, that hee alfo packt home and left Syam the victorie; who fince
then, upon a marriage twixt one of the royall family of Pegn and his
daughter, has quit his claime; and gives way to have both Citie and
Kingdome
1
LIB. 3
321
Map of India extra Gangem,
35
40
Kingdome brought to fuch trade and beauty as it had formerly.
But to
facilitate our travells, and to point you out the way the eafier, accept an
adjoyning Map, to that in fol. 300: This deſcribing India extra Gangem,
45
ASIA
Naugracotty Montes
Taxila
Caspira
Cardandan
PARS
Paqyin
Campu
Tingui
ORE A
Iap
¿Dinlay
Hormar
a
Sacay
Tandolf
C
·BENGALA PARS ET INDUSTANT
Pandan
Rachan
Verma
Menan Fl:
PEGV
Ganges & Fle:
Tipura
Tipura
Qvynzay
Tropicus
Brama
Polifanga
flu?
N I
Tartaho
ò Zebeng
Pagrazu
~Nanquyn
Done
Pazanfu
Scabana
MaraGa
Foquims
Fugins
Cantam
Zajtonó
C F
Cancri
Chonchy Lichi
CochinC
6 Doitma
ulajan
Abragana
Chincheo
Lequyo
M
Fmmer
Pegv
Murtaban
15
Syam
Capelan
Siam
Perperi
Cambuly &
Patanial
Solongar
Pera
Malacca
Cincapura
Aborolla
Cambogia
Puocandor
Bulacampaa
Pulohan
Pulotiga
Palimban
Sumatra
Manart:
cabo
Iambra ó
Paſsaman
• Priaman'
Bintam
Aqua
Linga
China batam
• Beborolla
Manado
BORNE
Socodanja
Laod
tor
►
Tuban
Luconia
Miſtana's
Mindana
& Buran
Inf: Phillippinac
Manille
Terao
Tittaban
Ternet
oMmafiar
Celebes
T
у
R I
E
T
Inf
Maca
Molucco
Gill.1.
Serran
Tidero
Timore:
Conio
Amboyn
Baly
The Straits
Incatra Laparo
lave Major Isrtan
¿Palemban
Paſtaman &
Galle
Java Minot
Beach
Banda
3. Pulogun
From
Timer
Nova Guinea Pars
Xyma
Oring Edoo
:
Xicor
322
LIB. 3
Pegthe
Sumatra.
Elephant.
Musk Cat.
From Pegu to Bengala are 90 leagues: the fecond Towne of note is
Martavan underis degrees; and which I gueffe was that Triglipton, noted
by Ptolomy, rather than Pegu asthinks Caftaldus. Imight tell you of the
vanitie of this wealthie Monarch; either when he fhowes himſelfe in his
royall paradrome or in his loading himſelfe with glittering gems; his head,
eares,armes,hands,legs,and feet,reſembling a befpangled firmament;fuch as
may amaze a good fenfe,yea dazle a good eye,and force fome men to judge
him infinitely rich; but I behold him otherwife, and think him poore and
miferable: Ór of his deifying his Elephants, becauſe milke white, and of
greater bulke than ufuall; I fuppofe him worth our defcription, not that
he is unknowne in England, but for other things in him; than his fhape,
more obfervable.
The Elephant is for growth and underſtanding chiefeft,of unreasonable
Animalls, fo as he has bin a ſubject of many learned writers, Ariftotle, Plu-
tark, Pliny, Strabo, Annian &c. They go two, fometimes three yeares
with young, and have extreame torment in their labour; their teat is
twixt their fore legs, which the young one eafily finds and fucks with eger-
neffe. When they attaine three yeares, they feed upon Dates, Meale,
Milke, Whey, Fruits, Suger-canes,and Honey: they grow till fifteen, in
that time mounting to foure and twenty foot, yet lie downe, dance and
prove very active. In hot weather or when luft inflames them, the males
grow mad, and paft jefting with, their tefticles being in their fore-
head. Umbragious fhades, caves, and rivers pleaſe them. Swine, Ser-
pents, and Mice diſpleaſe them; cockcrowing does not fo affli&t him, as
with his Probofcis to encounter the Rhynoceros affects him. The Perfians
call him the Symboll of Fidelity; Ægyptians, the hierogliphic of juſtice ;
Indians of piety; Siamyrs of memory; Arabs of magnanimity; Suma-
trans, the Embleam of providence; Plinyin 8. lib. Nat. Hift. gathers them;
Intellectus illi fermonis patrii, imperiorumque, obedientia, officiorumque di-
dicere memoria, amoris & gloriæ voluptas, imo vera religio quoque Syde-
rum, Solisque ac Luna veneratio &c.
1
The Musk Cat here alfo convenes and may merit a ca'tagraph: fhee ex-
ceeds the Caftor for bigneffe; her head is little, eyes cleare, a long muz-
zle, her teeth fharp, and offenfive: her hayre is particoloured, harth, and
briſtly; yellow above, and whiter downewards: her profound pocket is
neer the genitory, excerpt fometimes with a ſpoone or ſtick; but when
out of fervitude, of her owne accord parts with it, and by its fragor is oft
found by the careleffe paffenger.
Having refreſht enough upon the mayne, hoife we faile for the most
noble Iles of the Orient, and vicinating the Cities lately spoken of.
Of Sumatra.
Sv
SVM MATRA, is that famous Ile, by Ariftotle lib. de mundo, and others
of old, cald Taprobane; Symunda in 7. lib. Ptol. and now by the in-
habiters, Salyce or Salutra; and (provided Tapaz be not an Ile) may truly
be reputed the third great Ile in all the Universe: fix hundred (fome fay
nine hundred) miles long, and in breadth two hundred and forty; traded
to
LIB.3
322
Sumatra.
Y
to by Solomon, but unknown to Alexander, though Megasthenes thinks One-
fecritus his fervant faild thus far. One Iambulus an errant Greek is faid to
have bin here, 200 yeares afore Chriſts nativitie (if D. Sic. fay true,) and
may be the firſt diſcoverer: of a Chriſtian, Alvaro Telezzo is the firſt, who
An 1506 to find out gold, faild whether olus guided: fince when moft
people of the world have knowledg of it: 'Tis Nadyr to the Equinoctiall:
and now a place, where many petty Kings advance their Scepters. The
moft glorious Dyadem incircles the ecliptick brow of that Tyrant of
Acheen. All ofthem rich in göld and fruits and ftones, but miferable in
their Mawmetry and fuperftition; moft of them fo ingulpht in the abiffe
of paganiſme,that they dare adore Cat, Rat, Dog, Divell, or what can be
moulded after the repreſentation of an elementary Creature: both Sex go
moſt part naked; both are couragious,and apt in Bellonaes dances. The
foile is good where rivers fructifie, barren where gold is veined.
$
Many Townes of valew are mediterranean; of which, Manancabo (full
of gold) is not leaft memorable. But of beft note here are Ports
and Villages marittimat; fuch as bee Acheen (by them cald Afkey) Pė-
der, Pagem, Daya,Tico, Priaman, Tykoa (eaft of Iambee,) Baruzee, Catta-
tinga, Aru, Daru, and (though laft, firft in gold and value) Palaman.
The rivers flow with fish, and might prove more delightfull for the Nét
and Angle, did not thoſe hatefull Crocodyles (here more than in Nilus )
fruftrate both. This noyfome creature is one of the greateſt wonders we
meet with, in that from fo fmall a beginning as an Egg (not much bigger Crocodiles
than that of a Turkey)they increaſe to 8 or 10 yards in length.Their bodies
are not longer than their tayles, which is of like ufe with them, the Pro-
bofcis is to the Elephant: their mouths are very wide,at one gulph able to
fwallow horfe or man; their teeth are ingraile; they have no tongue:
nor can they move their upper jaw-bone: their bellies are penetrable :
backs hardy to be peirced; the brumall quarter they faft from food: but
the reft of the yeare devoure all fort of prey, with much voracity and gre-
dineffe. No leffe notable is the Females burthen: fixty dayes paffe ere fhe
lay her egs, and which be commonly fixtie numbred: fixtie dayes fhee
conceales them: and when the fits, fixtie dayes confume in hatching:
and to agree in one, fixtie yeares is ufually the Age of this detefted
beaft, fish, or Serpent: by Sea-men improperly cald Alligator, corrupted
from Allegardos,a mixture of Spaniſh and Alman language: the name Cro-
codile is taken a croceo colore, or per Antiphrafin quod crocum timeat. It
is the moſt obnoxious of all fea monſters, and rightly becomes the Dif
femblers epithire, in quibus eft aftutia Hyena, pietas Crocodili ; the Ægyp-
tians of impudency: awed by none fave the Ichneumon, who fteales into
his belly and grawe's his gues whiles he opens his chaps to let the little
Trochil pick his teeth, which give it feeding.
Hence, faile we by many fmall Iles, as Marrah and Lampon in the ftraits
of Sundy, fo named by Prole. and from a point and Town in the next great
Iland. Of Polygundy alſo we might ſpeak, but love not to land there, pa-
mitiffejuvabit, fuch bad luck by malevolent Venus or ill dyet had our late
plantation, wherby the Monopoly died with them;out of their graves only
(pringing a new deterring name, of Kill abundance. But caft we Anchor
Tt
upon
324
LIB. 3
Fava the greater.
upon an ozier ground, and fix our wandring eyes upon a more delighted
object, Iava, an Ile both great, wealthy, and famous ; Infula Iabadiæ, Niger
gheffes it.
Of Fava major.
AVA the greater, is an Ile nigh the Bengalan Sea, declining feven (fome
obſerve nine) degr. 40 minutes towards the Antartick Pole from the
Equinoctiall; and in the 120 degrees of longitude. From Eaft to Weft it
ftretches one hundred and fifty leagues, or of engliſh miles foure hundred
and fifty; from North to South nintie leagues,or two hundred and ſeventie
miles: the midland is for the moſt part mountainous and ill peopled; the
marittim low, and populous: the firſt is windy, but conducing to health ;
the latter mariſh, and infalubrious.
It is full of ſmall villages, and inhabitants: the fea coaft (by reaſon of
trade for pepper) has Townes well built, moft wealthy, and beft defend-
ed: upon the North fide, and to the N. E. efpecially, are Bantam, Palam-
ban, Iackatra (new named Batavia by the Duch; but formerly Sunda-Ca-
lapa by the Inhabitants,) Iaparra, Tuban, Iortan, Greecy, Chyringin, Sere-
baya &c.
1
Bantam is under Antartick declination or latitude, 6 degr. 20 minutes,
and of wefterly variation 3 degrees: the biggeſt Citie in the Iland; ownd
by the Natives, built well nigh two miles long, diftinguifht into a Buzzar
the Pengrans Pallace, a few ftreets, and at the furtheft end the Chenefes
live together in low built dwellings. Of it felfe it affords nothing fave
ryce, pepper, and cotten woll: though indeed, pepper for the greateſt
part is brought hither by the crafty but infinitely induftrious Chyney men,
who each January anchor here, and unload their Iuncks or Prawes from
Iamby, Borneo, Malacca,and diversother places;making Bantam their Maga-
zen or Beehive, out of which they furnish the Engliſh & other merchants.
Theſe Chynefes are men of peace, voluptuous, venereous, coftly in
their ſports, great gamefters, and in trading over fubtle for young Chri-
ſtian merchants: oft-times they are fo wedded to dicing, that after they
have loft their whole eftate, wife and Children are ftak't and parted with;
yet in little time by gleaning here and there, he will be able to redeeme
them; if not, at the day, they are fold in the market.
*
The lavan Kings are five, (Viceroys I might better call them ;) foure
of them are fubordinate to the Mattaran's command, who is able to bring
unto the field 200000 defperate flaves, black, but valiant: they have
fmall order or pollicy in warre; yet dare attempt any thing, they are
fo forward. The climate burnes fo fiercely, that little apparell pleafes
them; moft, goe moft part naked: they ufe lances, darts, arrowes, and
fhields; but their fole braverie is in their crizes; a weapon, commonly
two foot long, broad, waved, fharp edgd, and fmall pointed; but (againſt
the lawes of Nature, and honour) bafely poifoned: the hilt or handle
is ufually of wood or horne, (fome have them of gold, filver, and Ivory)
cut into the crooked fhape or figure of a deformed Pagod: yet were
they a thouſand times more ugly,thefe lavages would dare to adore them;
eſpecially, in that they aske the Idoll on their creaft pardon, after they
have perpetrated homycide or fuch like villany; a trick us'd by Lewes
the
L1B. 3
325
Fava the greater.
1
Ier. 18:
the eleventh to the Crucifixe in's hat, to his eternall infamy. But thefe
Iavans are drunck in their demonomy; they the more earnestly imbrace
it, by how much their poyfoned natures abhorre honefty. They trade
inmurthers, adulterie, thefts, rapine, deceit, and all kinds of knave-
ries: Magique alfo, and Aftrologie delights them: a ſtudy their Priefts
are excellent in, and in which Satan inftructs them; the better to oblige
their gratitude, and to worship him as the Apollo of knowledge; which
wee inculcate, and abominate, yea fay with Ifaiah, Is there any God be-
fides the Lord (Iehovah)? yea, there is no God, we know not any: hee isa. 44.
maketh the diviners mad, hee turneth the wife men backward, and maketh
their knowledge foolish. Let us not learne the way of the heathen, they
are altogether brutish and foolish; his molten Image is falfhood, and there
is no breath in them: they are vanity, and in the day of account they shall
perish. But in the Lord fhall all true beleevers bee justified and fhall glory.
Theſe people know better how to ſwim than navigate; yet are not ig-
norant in fea affaires, nor want they veffels to doe mifchiefe in. Their
chiefe delight is hunting Tygres, Ounces, and fuch beafts as give chafe
and refiftance; They know Mahomet in fome parts of the Ile, who as an
infectious ayre is fuckt by many people of remote Ilands. Friendly they
are to English men and delight to ferve them, efpecially fince the
Duch forced Tacatra from them, betwixt whom is fuch mortall vari-
ance that fifteen ryalls (is given by either) as a reward for each priſoner
dead or alive either people can take nor is there ever hope of
true Amity with Barbarians. The Oran-kays or beft fort of people here,
are lafie, fociable, but not to bee too much trufted: they ſuppoſe them-
felves defcended from Chyna; in a lunck 700 yeares ago forced bither
by Tuffon or tempeft. They are proud, and weare their hayre pretty
long, and about their crifpes wreath a valuable Shafh or Tulipaut; go
naked to to the waft, where they gird them with a parti-coloured plad or
mantle, falling no longer than the knees; and are impatient if
any of
fer to touch their heads. The ordinary food had here (not at eafie rates)
is ryce, wheat, pinange, betele, ophium, goates, egs, hens, coquos,
plaintains, jacks, and rack-a-pee fo cald Karo; which drunck immo-
derately, accilerates Death;but temperately, exhilerates the heart, cures
fluxes, kill wormes and helps digeftion. To conclude.
,
Whence this great and noble Ile is called Iava, I confeffe my ignorance.
I dare not fay from tavan (laphets fohne) grandfon of Neak; in that moſt
agree, heplanted Greece. But by reafon his own brother Tharfis peopled
thefe parts, why might he not from his brothers name (to eternize his me
mory) borrow the denomination. Nothing elfe fave Pepper prefents it-
felfe in this Ile, worthy our noting: Pepper is fowne, and in the growth Pepper.
fupported by poles or canes, about which it entwines and duplicates with
many embraces, till by maturity it gets the fhape and ftrength of a bufby,
round, and pleafant tree. The pepper hangs foure inches in length, and
one about,in many clusters; each yeelding fifty or fixtie cornes,full,round
and fragrant; the fmooth is beft accounted of.
The Cotton (more common in Perfia and Guzurat) is no leffe memo- Cotten.
rable and uſefull. The tree is flender,ftreight, a yard high, and like a bryer;
Tt 2
3
a.
226
LIB. 3
Malayan Language.
at the top it expands into many feverall branches; each, charg'd with ma-
ny balls or cods conteining the Bumbaft or Cotton: the fhape is round,
and equall in bigneffe to a Walnut : at maturity the cod opens,& difclofes
her treaſure; but being cropt, is put in an entire heap, and with flayles
or fuch like uſefull (chough churlish) inftruments is forced out; and by the
enriched owner cheerefully gathered.
The Malayan Tongue founds well, and may prove harmony to the in-
genious obferver; in theſe parts no leffe muficall & epedemic, than is (with
us, and others) the Latine, Arabique, and Sclavonian.
a Lord
Malay.
Oran (Tadon
Engliſh.
a Coat
a Needle
a Cuftome
a Rope
Stone
Engliſh.
A King
Rutgee
a Nobleman Oran-kay
Kay:
a Prieſt.
Cadda
å Merchant
Phetor
a
an Interpreter
Torbiffa
a Man
a Ring
a Wimble
a Woman
Paran-poan &
a Shooe
a Child
Buda
a Sword
Cat fion
a Youth
Monda
a Father
Babba
a Mother
Mamma
a Brother
Addal-Ally˜¯.
a Gun
a Sifter
Adda-paparas
an Uncle
Niana
á Friend
Marty·lowty
a Glaffe
a Stranger
Oran-Leja
a Lamp
a Chirurgian
an Iron-Smith
Goething
a warme thing
Goada
a Boy
a Dagger
a Knife
a Javelin
a Sheild
1.
Malay.
Naffee
Naroen
Negry
Tali:
· Batu
Chinfim
Alforces
Apon
Ita. Padang
:. Cryze
Pie fon
Tomba
Salvack
(Gun Bedyl. Pitfil
a barrell of a Sombo-bedy!!
a looking-Glaffe Sarmi
Lora
Pulita
Penas
An Elephant
Catgha
a Cap or Turbất Gayo ·
a marriage maker Coemode
an Oxe
Cambi. Alomba·
a Command
a Goat
Carbon
a Yeare
a Sheep
Domba
á Dóg
Hangbe
à Bird
Borron
a Day'o
a Book
á Bed
á Her
å Duck
Ayam
Bebéé
Sugka
Varis
Nimoda. Ritab I
Bantell
* good Day
Tabea
a Royall of 8
Serpi
a Musk-Cat
a Sow
á Fith
a Water-Pot
a Herb
;
1
Ican
Laude
Catto-Dalgalia
Sabi. Sieleng
Oberbedil.Lancuas
a Chriftian
Vranghy
Al፡፡
Samoanga
The Head
Hayre
Eares:
Capell. Coar
Ramboyet
Talinga
a Musk-Nut
Palla
Eyes
Martic
a Ship
Capel, lunck
Eye-broowes
Aly's
a Boat
Praw. Paca-Sura
Nofe
Trot don
Neck
LIB. 3
327
Malayan Language!
English i
Malay
Goulon
English Malay
Garram. Matary
Neck
}
· Salt
Lips
Lambider
Oyle
1
Nuagia
Tongue
Tlat
Fleſh
Lalyer
Teeth
Auton
Fish
Ivack™
Beard
Tianga
Crabs
Horra
Back
Balacca
Plates
Pienig
Shoulder
Baon
Pepper
Lada. Sibang
Arme
Backeyen
Ginger
Alia
Hand
Tangan!!
Mace
Bengo -
Finger
Tarp taree
Cloves
Belly
Blood
Penot
Darno
Privie part
Perot
Land & Ranger #8
Cynomon
Aloes
Chocho. Sianck
Cajumayns
Garro
Thigh
Legg
Backy
Gula
Tamarind
Ryce
... Aſſa
Brass. Parce
1 Nuts
Calappen. Falla
Foot
Bhackbye
Sweet Gum's
Daringa
Toe
Ghoumo
!
Sweet Spices
Dingyn
Fire
Api
Plantaines.
Gardang
Ayre
Baja
Cocos
Calapa
Water
Eyer
Muftard
Sajari
Earth
Zam
Egges
Teloor
the Sea
Chay
Woe
Saya
Gold
Maz. Cabo
Better
Parma-
Silver
Peca. Salorca
Great
Bazaer
Braffe
Temba
Sweet
Manys
Copper
Tambagle
Heavie
Brat
Lead
Tyma
Strong
Iron
Negle
Needles
Money
Sarfi
Baggs
Scarlet
Facca-lata-miera
Hard Wax
Death
Mattu 5-
Friendship
Merchandife
Melancholy
Bayick Dimaka™
I
Chinte
Thou
Silke
Sabuck 2*5)
Hee
Paper
Quill's
Inck
a Book
Wine
Vinegar
Strong Water
Bread
Boyld Ryce
Fruit
'
Cartas
Wee
Cazamp
Yee
Mangſi{
They
Khytab. Nýmoda
Shee
Aracta
Sunday
Ion-makeet
Tifuka ***!
to Day
Cres
Calvenester
Cornå~*,
Gaju-lacca
Pondarrz
Mangr
Pakamera.
It owes
Dep
Pachaueras
Itowe
Dja
Mari
!
Pinangka
Yeſterday
Bulmari ~
31
Sagn
the other Day
Bulmeri-duba
Drink
Sngar
Braas
Tacat
Larnick
Gula
Early
Pagi
Night
Malam
to Morrow
What ſay you
I fouck
Abba-catta
Is
328
LIB. 3
Malayan Language.
English.
Malay.
English.
Malay.
Baccar
Benue
Is he not here?
Beef?
Whats done?
Bigimana?
To burne
To kill
Well done
Soosa
To ſpin
Where is it?
Manauten
Bring it back
Combali?
Now
Bacabaren
To fell
To do
Tofweare
Tnedda
Iouwall
Bretoon
Howmuch?
Barappe itu?
To help
Give place
Lalan
To us
Sempa
Touloug
Quia-bota
Require it
Minta
To let blood
Regard
Nanthy
To queftion
Let paffe
Neare hand
Ganga
Gila
To know
To dye
We will go
Maree
Take it
Bewang-darner
Betangia
Kyunall
Bantaren
Ambell
Leave it.
Iangemast
Not good
Tieda-Bajck
I have
Ada
Sloth
Cheche
It is found
Botonvum
Give thanks
Tarima. Caffe
It is
Dalam
Farewell
Tingal
I will bring it
Addadizano
One
Satu
1 fee
Green
Two
Dua
I thank you
Terimacaché
Three
Tige
I underſtand not Tam or tjeda-taw
Foure
Enpat
I care
Tage
Five
Lyma
I have not
Tjeda-da
Six
Nam
I defire not
Tyeda-maw
Seven
Toufion
I am fick
Bite-fecata
Eight
To eat
Macan
Nine-
To remember
Toftretch out, Dufte
To beat one ano. Baccalayo
To afhame (ther Malon
Engat
Ten
De lappan
Sambalan
Sapola
Eleven
Sabalas
Twelve
Thirteene
To choofe
Damare
Foureteene
To pay
Chiny
Fifteene
To give
Bering
Sixteene
To buy
Bilby
Seventeene
To live
Tagava
Eighteene
To poyfon
Ampo
Nineteene
To obferve
Doduer
Twenty
To be filent
Dyem
Twenty one
Dna-balas
Tiga balas
Expat-balas
Lyma balas
Nam-balas
Toufion-balas
De lappan-balas
Sambalam-balas
Dua-pola
Dua-pola-fatu
To gaine
Menang
Twenty two
Dua pola-dua
To destroy
Ilan
Twenty three
ง
Dua pola-tiga
To cover the
Rocodang
Twenty foure
Dua pola empat
To arife (head Paffat
Twenty five
Dua pola-lyma
We
LIB. 3
329
The Celebes.
We must yet to fea,and think us not a little happy,that we land fo fafely
at the Celebes, not out of our way, to our intended places.
Our courfe from Iava hither, is North-Eaft; from Bantam two hun-
dred leagues or thereabouts.
C
Of the Celebes.
ELEBES, by fome is cald Makaffer Ile, from her beſt Citie ſo cal-
led: a place for quantitie and quality no way defpicable; ſtretching
from the Equator 6 degrees South: ovall formed, two hundred miles long
at left; well peopled, but with bad people; no place ingendring greater
Demonomiſts, well agreeing with the old name Ptol. gave them Anthro-
pophagorum regio. Mahomet is not unknowne among them, but by him,
malo in pejus for though he teach them, there is one and but one God;
yet ſeeing lefus Chrift is unknowne there, what does this their know-
ledge, but make them more capable of torment, than if they had been far
more barbarous. From Macaffer to Cambyna W. N. W. are foure and
twentie leagues to Noffaferes eightie.
The Ile is fruitfall, though under the moſt frying part of the burning
Zone. The Son yeelds them day and heat enough ; but Night,their com
plexion: the habit they weare, differs not from their grandfather Adams,
a few fig or plaintan leaves tide about their middles, being elſewhere
naked: the better fort (to varie from the vulgar) are tulipánted, and
ſhirt their coleblack skins with a pure white cloth, which does not leni-
fie the ſcortching fonne, but ferves for complementall difference. The
women are Gods creatures, but have adulterated his holy ftampe, by not
only deforming their face and body, but by that vilè lubricitie, their foules
are ſpotted with. Impudence goes here unmasked: It is no novel-
tie for them to open the fack they goe in, and intice a ftranger to conco-
mitate; her honefty was loft before, but now the ferries two to Bara-
thrum if his body (by that voyage) leak not to death, the Tobacco the
proffers him will operate it ; for fuch is their damned Art in horrid venom,
that theſe Syrens can fing fafety to themſelves, and by the fame pipe and
weed ſmoak him to death; a trick they will be perfect in, though the Di-
vell owne them for it. Pythagoras made the wantons of Crotona modeft
and the men moderate: Iam qui corrigat, alter erit. And which is no leffe
infernall; the men ufe long canes or truncks (cald Sempitans) out of which
they can (& ufe it)blow a little pricking quill, which if it draw the left drop
of blood from any part of the body, it makes him (though the ſtrongeſt
man living) die immediately; fome venoms operate in an houre, others
in a moment; the veynes and body (by the virulencie of that poyfon)cor-
rupting and rotting prefently, to any mans terrour and amazement, and
feare to live where fuch abominations predominate. You cantor chufe
but think this a hell upon earth, though at our firft approach upon fight of
fo goodly an Iland, we thought it better than Elgjumi: but remembring
Impia fub dulci melle venena latent :
·
we will away for better places; the Moluccoes I meane, Ptolomy calls
them Synde; than which, no part of the Univerfe gives more delight and
variety
330
LIB. 3
The Moluccoes.
Cloves.
Nutmeg.
varitie of refreſhments. But by the way caft our eyes upon many fmall
Iles and (as we faile due Eaft) upon Baly in 8 degr. 30. min, and on Tymor♣
10 degr. South 20 min. easterly from the laft: both of them more rich
in ftones and ſpices than fome greater Iles about them: leave we alſo
Conio and Serran unſpoken of; not that they are unworthy, but becauſe
we haft to the Molucca, in view now, and where wee meane to raſt
a while.
1
Of the Molucco Fles.
They are numbred five. Molucco. Gillelo. Ternate. Tidore, and Ma-
chan (where Magellan after his long voyage Anno 1520 loft his life by
treachery of theſe barbarians.) The English were the first that ever trad
ed to theſe Iles of any Chriftians: and moft of them have acknowledg'd
our King their Sovereigne: but by the Duch it feemes our men are now
thruft out, as if all India were theirs by title from the Creation.
Of these Gillolo is greateft; but in Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Ginger,
Pepper, Oyle, Aloes, and Honey, all of them alike plentifull. All or moft
of thefe, have the Equinoctiall for their Zenyth, and by thofe diurnall
fhowres, and breezes which faile them not, and Apolloes commorance, the
the fruits ripen fooner, the earth fmells more aromaticall, and the Ayre
feemes more nutritive than in other places. Let us reft a little upon fome
fruit deſcriptions.
The Clove tree differs in proportion according to the place it receives
vigor in: fome being comparable to the Bay, others to Box or fuch like
trees of humble ftature; tis, moft part of the yeere green and pleaſant,
having leaves long and ſmall, diftending into many branches: It bloſſomes
early, and becomes exceeding inconftant in complexion; from a virgin,
white palliating other colours, in the morne a pale green,in the meridian a
diftempered red,& fleepes in blackneffe. The Cloves manifeft themſelves
at the utmoft end of all the branches in great plenty; and in their grow-
ing evaporate ſuch fenfe ravifhing odours, as if a compendium of Natures
fweeteft gums and delicacies were extracted and here uunited: they are
thrice yeerly pruined, and gratefully retort a treble vintage: and though
but perfected in 3 yeares, yet must be counted an advantage; for Phyfiti-
ans tell us, they are hot and drie in the third degree, corroborate the fto-
mack, and benefit concoction.
The Nutmegg (or great Nut) like thofe trees moft famous for their ex-
ellencies, is not very lofty in its heigth, fcarce fo proper as the Cherrie;
by fome, reſembled to the Peach, with which it varies in forme of leafe
and graine, affecting more affize and compaffe. The Nut is cloathed with
a defenfive husk like thofe of baſer quality, but at full ripeneffe difroabs
it felfe, and diſcovers her naked purity the Mace, which chaftely intwines
(with a vermilliion bluſh or colour) her endeared fruit and fifter, both of
them breathing out moft pleafing fmells and perfumes: the Mace in few
dayes (like choifeft beauties) by Apolloes wanton flames becom's tawny
and unlike her former braverie: yet in that diffent, beft pleaſes the
ruftick gatherer.
Neere
LIB. 3
331
Borneo,
•
Neere the Molucco's, and neerer the Antartique, wee fee many other
Iles, noble in eſteeme, and rich in qualitie: but, for that more than bar
barons baleneffe our miferable Country men fuffered by the Dutch, we
have no pleaſure to ftand upon any thing fave recitall; fuch are Amboyne,
(placed 'twixt Banda and Molucco:) Bande, (in 4 degrees 30 minutes, and
(from Ambojna 24 leagues:) Puloway, (from Banda 3 leagues:) Puloreen,
(from Puloway W.N. W.) Lantore, (the greateft of the Iles of Banda:)Ba-
tan: Labatacka, Nero, Ticobaffe, Cumber, Salame, and others: all of them,
efpecially Puloway and Puloreen, feeming continued wilderneffes of Nut-
megs and Clove-trees, Pepper,Vines,and Olives. Theſe two laft named
commerced first with our Merchants, and contracted a perpetuall Amity
and Fealty to our King; but in defpight of them and us, the uncivill Dutch
(whom for their braving humours here, pride, hate, and bloody execu-
tion of our innocent men at Ambojna and other places in India,I cannot
name with patience) have banifht our Merchants, and entitle themfelves
Lords of moft of Banda Ilands, caring neither what right the Tarnatenfian
Bor Banda Kings have over them.
From thefe, fteer wee another courfe, to Borneo a great and wealthy
Iland. We are foone in fight of it, the gale is fo profperous.
Of Borneo.
BORNEO, or infula bone fortune in Ptol. is Nadys to the Equator; and
reſembles an ovall shield; the major part inclining North: Antartick
elevation not mounting above 3 degrees; Artick, to 7 and odde minutes:
& owes her firft difcovery (by any Chriftian European to one de Bren, who
m the yeere of our bleffed Lord 1523. anchored here. It groanes at this
day, (for the moſt part) under Spaniſh bondage, who in any place where
gold or other treaſure is to bee had, ceafe not till they can maſter it; va-
léwing neither foule nor body of any Inhabitant, (fave for their luft) with
the leaft weight of that too much foule-confounding creature. But let us
confider! Nalla Cælum reparabile gaza.
It has many Villages and people; but the one are poore in their ma-
teriall; the other more wretched in their infernall Religion, and late
taught I'dolatry both, no way valewable, did not thofe mynes of Gold
and Dyamonds, and fome other merchandifes; as, Bezarrs, Musk, Am-
ber,Lignum Aloes, Sanguis Draconûm, Wax,Rice,and Rattans or Canes
make her most magneticall. Her marittim Townes and Ports exceed not
for number, but Pen & bon. Socodania, ( in i deg. 35 minutes South, from
Bantam Ñ. E. 160 leagues) and Beermafis; Little,but good, if fuch thou
interpret, Safety and Satiety.
M
We are landed in fo'good a place, that wee will reft our wearied feet
awhile, and entertaine your curiofity with a few viands; friends (though
fimple food) to infeobled Nature. Bezar, Lignum Aloës, Musk, Civit,
Benjamin, and Amber.
Bear, or (as the Perfians call it), Pezar, is of two forts; generated in
Perfia and both the Indyes: the American is worſe than be theſe of Afia
and the Orient. The ſhape alfo is various; fome refembling a plum, fome
Vu
}
!
332
LIB. 3
Borneo.
a Date-ſtone, others like Egges of Doves, fome like Cheznuts, and Goats
kidnies; all agree in this, they are blunt ended: they are no leffe incon-
ftant and divers in colour; fome being red, pale-greene fome,other-fome
ofa dark yellow, and fome sky-coloured: the laft are beft, theſe confift-
ing of many skales(like Unions and Onions)circumvolving one the other,
and in which, Nature has expreft farre more excellency, than Arts beft in-
genuity or perfection: for, each inferior skale (nor unlike the glorious
Orbes inverted) yeelds frefher beauty, and more celeftiall fplendor than
the former:each skale diminishing & being of more vertue,as the Bezar is
in tenuity or craffitude. Many are counterfeit. They try them thus,either
by pearcing them with hot bodkins; or after they have wayd them, to
fteep them in cold water foure houres; and if it crack not,tis not feyned:
to know it good, they then wipe it, and ballance it againe; obferving, if
it weigh never fo little above the firft weight,'tis bafe and defpicable. Note
alſo, that Borneo Bezars are not halfe ſo valewable as Perfia's.
Lignum Aloes, from diverfity of Countries, varie in their Nomenclati-
ons. The Javans and Malayans name it, Garroo: Indians and Portuguizes,
D'Aquillha, the Chine, and Cochinchinæ, Calamba:fram'd of large round
fticks, of a cloody graine, commixt with afhy veines; no leffe pleaſant to
the eye, than to the hand ponderous: the relifh or tafte proves bitter, in
its language telling you, It would be burned; for, hot coales of Fyre no
fooner touch it, but it incendiates, and (to the honour of its owne Fune-
rall folemnity) expires and breaths out an odor fo aromatick and comfor-
able, that no other is uſed by the Indians, Malayans, Siamites, Peguans,
Cambogians, and Borneans, when they incinerate the Carcaffes of their
moft honoured Parents.
Musk, is either yellow, browne, or black: the firſt is beſt laft, is baſeſt:
the choyfeft yellow fhews a deep Amber complection (not unlike Spike-
nard) cloathed with a reaſonable moift skin, fweating out ſome briftly
hayres, without ſtones, lead, or like adulterate mixtures; of fo ftrong a
fmell as feemes offenfive; but tafted, penetrates a ſtrong braine by its fra-
gor: ſweet ſpices dead it; and put in the mouth, if it fuddenly diffolve,
or in the hand if it be long a melting; thofe trialls diſcover it for bad and
imperfect.
Civit, is diverfified in colour allo: deep yellow (I have beene told) is
beft, the worft is white, gerafie and fophifticat: howbeit, the new is pale,
and foone after groweth yellowish.
Benjamin, by the Malayans call'd Menyan; by other Indians Benyan:
is either pure cleare white, or yellow, ftreaked or coloured; the gum
iffſues from a tree high, ſmall, and furniſhed with fruitleffe branches, the
leaves are not unlike the Olive: Pegu and Siam yeelds the beſt Arabia
very good; that from Sumatra, Priaman and Barroufe, courfe, and bad:
better lik'd of at Iava, than in England.
Amber, is of ſo many formes; grey, browne, white, black: grey is
beſt; black is worſt; the other two are indifferent. The best fort of grey
is pure, interlac't with afhie veines, not fubject to finck; and got (as Mer-
chants informe us) in Soffala, Magadexa, Mombaffa, Mosambique, Madagaf
car, Mobelia, Melinde, and other parts of Afrique: found there at incertain
hazards,
LIB.3
333
Luconia.
Japan.
:
hazards, had at home at eafie charge and leffe danger for Gems, I will
fum me up all in naming their proper places; and though I borrow the re-
port from Merchants, I never thought any many Notes or Language leffe
honourable; fo thereby they may in a decent way prove to the reader ad-
vantageous. We have Corrall, Amber, Emrald, Calcedon, Pearle, Onix,
Sardonix, Sardis,Bezar,Hematit,and Turquoiſe from Arabia,Indoftan,and
Perfia: Pearles, Berills, Saphyres, and Adamants from Zeyloon: Jafper,
Cornelion, Agat, Heliotrope, Jacinth, and Chryfolite from Mallabar,
Narfinga, and Cochin-chyna. Diamonds from Borneo, and Gulkundah: Gold,
Silver, Rubies, Saphyre, Granats, Topaz, Emrald, Smargd, Espinells,
Cats-eyes, and Porcellan, from Pegu, Siam, Bengala, Sumatra, Iapan, and
Chyna: enough to make a poore man rich, and rich men miferable.
Let us now to Sea againe, and by a N. N. E. courfe in few houres view
Mindano, an Ile (as big as Cicely) branching from 6, to above 9 degrees
North. North of it, and neighbouring, are the Phillippinæ, fo named
from King Phillip 2, by Lopez de Legaspi who firft difcovered and planted
there Anno Domini 1565. Iles for the greatest part nameleffe and number-
leffe; all of them wounded by avaritious men,and branded under Spaniſh
fervitude of thefe, the beft and greateft in Laconia, under 14 degrees
North latitude; from whence in a direct azumoth Weft, is Cambogia a
rich part of the Afiatique Continent. North of Luconia, are shyma and
Shycoca knowne (by coftly neighbourhood) to Chyna and lapan, as is Co-
rea alfo; a long narrow peninfule, famous in the fcite, but infamous in her
Pagan inhabitants'; faid to bee more fubtle, cruell, and indomitable than
be the Chynefes.
:
Of Japan.
3
APAN, unleffe Mercators fancie be true that it was Aurea Cherfonefas,
was queftionleffe unknowne to old Geographers: howbeit, the Name
Chryfe is given it by Niger, Zipangri,by M. P. Venetus: who would rather
feigne a name, than that fo great, ſo noble an Ile ſhould be fo long inno-
minate.
The primier difcovery wee give to Motus, Pelotus, and Zeymorus, ba-
nifht Portugals; who in the yeere 1542. were caft upon this Ile by ftorm
and accident. Whether it bee an Ile or no, is difputable : fuch as make it
one,give it in length 600,in bredth,190 miles Engliſh: for my part, I hold
it queftionable. The moft Southerly part is removed from the line 32 deg.
the beft Townes and Ports of ftrength and trade are Meacco, Ozacca,
Tenze, Fyrando, Fuccate (or Falcate) Sacay, Cratez, Tenkęday, Oringaw, Vo-
fuquis, Machma,&c. Ofthefe, Meacco (a mediterran City) is call'd the Me-
troplis, Surunga next, and next it Özacca, honoured with the Court fom-
times; till of late viz. 1615.a rebellious fire fubverted and incinerated not
it only, but many other Townes in that wealthy Province. Meacco is as
bigas Florence, but not fo beautifull: proud in a fweet and fpatious river,
in many low, but comly houfes; and memorable in abundance of ſtately
Temples or Fotiquees full of guilded Mannad'as or Idolls; to which
(above all other Nations) the Japonians are moſt addicted; the Jefuits
Vu2
induſtries
334
LIB. 3
Japan.
{
induftries & feminaries there producing fmall growth; inftead of a happy
harveft reaping fcorne and catholique apoftafre: Neither their grave af
al-
pect, nor fubtle fophiftry; neither their many miracles there, nor their
collegiat bravery, having that force to make them thought other than fe-
dirious, vain-glorious, and avaricious: fuch is the reward of Hipocrifie;
in fhew feeming defirous to do others good, in truth ayming at their uni
verfality, gaine, and hope of Conqueft.
moſt
The government is Monarchicall: above threefcore petty Kings do ho-
mage, and proftrate their maffy Coronets to be encircled, and to illuftrate
the Emperiall Diadem; from whofe frowne, a puniſhment and affliction
worſe than common death ufually is darted: fuch is his power, his awe;
fuch their vaffalage, their opinion of their Governors. The Country is
part mountanous; but full of floods, trees, corne, graffe, and mine.
ralls every way prefents Villages, fwarming with heithen Inhabitants:
the North and Eaſt parts of Iapan are leffe peopled than the South and
Weft; and thoſe much more favage and barbarous; cruell, trecherous,
idle, lafcivious, and awed by no Law, nor any way induftrious. The old
Roman way of execution is here uſually ſuffered; they faſten malefactors
to Croffes with foure nailes; whether in hate to the Jefuits,or of Antique
cuftome I am not certaine ; but fare it is, the punishment is full of torture
and ignominious: the civill Japonians are valiant, curteous, complemen-
tall, and great affectors of novelties; but beyond meaſure jealous, crafty,
and revengefull,if injured; yea divelifh, if exafperated. They would,buc
cannot deny themſelves difcended out of China, banifht upon a heedleffe
rebellion fix hundred yeeres ago; in memory of which, they hate one
another mortally, no quarter being given to either Nation at any time, nor
ceaſe the Ilanders to rob and piratize the Chynefes at all advantages; at
home alſo in their prayers abhominating them, and in all complements
and ceremonies varying from one another to expatiare their wrath and
unnaturall diftempers. In any flight fufpect or accufation, the very chil-
dren are fo jealous of their reputations, that in cafe you lofe a trifle and
fay to one of them; fyrrah I beleeve you have ftolen it? without
any paafe the boy will immediatly cut off a joynt from one finger or ano-
ther; and fay Sir, if you fay true, I wish my finger may never heale againe:
murder, theft, treaſon, and adultery, are punifht with death; either cru-
cified, or beheadded with a Cuttan ; an Indian (word which flices eaſily.
Towns of note and ftrength are Ozacca (80 leagues from Bungo) a Port
Towne of good note, and neare the Sea; ftrong and beautifull: in no-
thing more famous nor obfervable than in the royall Caftle, varnished, ty-
led, and burnifht over with flaming gold, rich and majesticall: form'd of
the beſt ſhape, of excellent ftone; the walls, every where twenty foot
thick, finely fram'd, well polifht, curiously cemented, pleafant, and du-
rable: circled with deep trenches full of water; and for entrance and de-
fence thewes above a dozen iron Gates,and drawing Bridges.
It has formerly fuccoured many Kings, and fecur'd them from the pur-
fuit and heat of Rebels; in this as memorable,'twas of late yeeres made the
priſon of Coja-zamma Prince of Tanzey and eldeft Sonne of Tiquazamma
the late victorious Emperour; whofe Father Faxiba-Lamma ſubje&ed all
the
:
LIB. 3
Japan.
335
petry Princes of Tapan; and made them by oath and pledge agniſe
him and his their Soveraignes: Coja-zemme upon his Fathers fudden death
was as fuddenly feiz'd upon by Ogeſho-gamma one of the three Protectors,
and by him compelled to berroath his daughter; and for portion was
thruft, and for ever damned to this hatefull Prifon, Againſt Ozacca, on the
other fide the river is feated Secay a Towne well traded to by Chriftians:
Edoo is well wall'd and peopled: is leagues thence is Oringoo a Towne af
foording good refreſhment and excellent harbouring or anchorage. Fy-
rando (300 leagues thence, to coaft thither) is a Cherfoneffe and elevares
the Artick Pole 33 degrees, 30 minutes; var. Eaft 2 degrees so minutes:
where and at Fuccate the English had a refidence or factory.
Fucate or Falcaté is a pretty ſweet Towne, well watered, and ownes a
ſtrong and defenfive Caſtle or Fortreffe: a Forreſt of loftie Pines and
Spreading Sycomores for three miles ſpace environs it; with other Groves
of force againſt the ſcorching Sun; delightfull to the eye, yea more grate-
full than any other object: but (which renders them ingrate and bafely
idolatrous) under thoſe greene trees, and in many fmall but richly tyl'd
Temples or Foriques, they adore Pan and Priapus, yea Satan himfelfe in
his ugliest refemblances: for where the Country is moft inhabited and
garniſht with moft variety of trees, graffe, corne,&c. (as, 'twixt Edoo and
Suringa) there are erected moft Fotiques, there the people are moſt
idolatrous.
In Meacco are 70 Temples, wherein they number 3333 Chamætiræ or
little guilded Devils, to which they give divine refpe&: they call them
Mannadaes: But more notable than the reft is that in Meacco; not unlike
the Rhodyan Coloffus,huge & wonderfull. This was built by Tyco-Zemma,
and without much paine and coft was not finished 'tis of Oricalke or
guilded Copper; its poſture is fitting in a Chaire 70 fept high, and 80
broad: his head is capable to fupport fifteene men, who may ſtand toge-
ther without preaſing: his thumb is forty inches about; and his other
limbs proportionable. This is the grand Pagothar the other are Dii mi-
nores, or of leffe adoration. No leffe notable is the Monument adjoyning,
in a Cloifter within the principall Fotique of Meacco, where are gallantly
interred(but to their ignominie) the eares & nofes of 3000 Coreans,abaſe,
theevish people,vicinating & infetting the Japonians. At Dabys is another
Mannada no leffe infamous and reſorted to: this Devill (or Molech) is of
concave copper, vaſt,thick, and double guilded: its height is foure and
twenty foor, and would be more but that they have form'd it kneeling, his
buttocks refting upon his leggs after the ufuall mode of the Eafterne Pa
gans: his armes are ftretcht to the utmoft; and at folemne times is inflam'd
within, and facrific'd unto by offering him a child, which in's embraces is
fride to death in an infernall torture. But of more note is another at Tem-
chedy Eaft thence, where Sathan visibly playes th'Impoftor. The Fo-
tique is of rare structure, and daily ferved by a multitude of hellifh Priefts
of Bonzees; not admitted to attend there, except they be young, well
ſhap'c, and as strong in venerie as was Hercules. Every new Moon they fo-
lemnly betroth unto the Devilla Damofell, whofe Parents account the
ceremonie happie and honourable: if any be more faire or fingular than
another,
ศ
336
·
Fapan. China.
3
LIB. another, fhee is felected, by the luftfull Priefts devoted, and brought into
the Temple, and placed right againſt the Mamada or Idoll: the roome is
firft made glorious with Lamps of burnisht gold, and a preparation by in-
cendiating Lignum vite, or other gums and perfumes, fuch as be curious
and coftly by and by the Lamps extinguish by myracle, and in a groffe
darkneffe the Prince of darkneffe approaches and abufes her; fo fhee
imagines, and the rather credited, in that the Devill leaves behind him
certaine fcales like thofe of fifhes, an argument of no phantafma: but, by
this hellish conjunction they fwell not, unleffe the Bonzee fecond it: Sa-
than is no fooner gone, but fhe is faluted by the Boozees, who raviſh her
with fongs and pleaſant muſique; which ended, ſhee acquaints them with
her fortune, and refolves them in fuch queftions, as fhe by their inftruction
propounded to the Devill, and he had fatisfied her in: thee iffues with
plaufe, and ev: r after is reputed holy and honourable: many other things
I could prefent you from tradition, but Iavoyd (as much as may be) to in-
fert incertainties: from hence therefore faile wee Weft and land in Chyna,
where though the travaile be difficult, yet fuffer me to glean a little,though
it but expreffe my induſtrie and care to offer you the trueft Novelties.
CH
Of China.
ap-
HINA, is the moft Eafterly part of Afia. A Kingdome, both great
and wealthie: famous alfo,but ſcarce difcovered. Their jealoufie and
diſcourteſie to ſtrangers (they fuffer any to enter, none to returne,) chiefly
cauſes it.
It is fubject to many feverall names: ſcarce any two ftrange people ac-
cord in one Nomenclation: and no wonder, fince amongst themſelves
they affect variety: the Kings new naming the whole Kingdome at their
Coronation, as they fancie it.
Ptolomy long agoe call'd it Sinarum Regio: other Geographers, Seres:
the Moores in Induflant, call it Cathayo: the Arabians,Tfynin: the Sya-
mites, Cyn: the Malayans, Tabenzo: the Japonites, Than, and Tfn: the
Tattarrs, Ham: Alhacen, Tangis : Paulus Venetus, Mangi: the Inhabitants
(if Perera, Riccius, and Trigautius lay true) Tamen; and themſelves Tame-
gines. But how various foe're that be; this is not uncertaine: that it is a
very ſpatious Monarchie: for it extends from 17 deg. to 43, of North La-
titude: and to the South, Cantam; to the North, Pequin; two royall Ci-
ties,feeme to terminate it. But thus confined: On the Eaft, it has the Sea
of lapan (Corea is part of China, no Ile, but to the North conjoyned with
the Continent:) On the Weft, the Defarts of Induftant; On the North,
the Tattars: On the South, the Philipina Iles; and the South Weft ad-
joyneth to Cochyn-( hina, and Pegu, with part of Siam. All agree that it is
fquare; and that from any one fide to another is 1500 English miles: the
circuit above 4000, the Country is generally champaign, & fruitfull; full
offweet and navigable rivers; and which are no leffe inhabited than the
Villages and Cities be: of which, China has no fewer than 600 Cities;
2000 wall❜d Townes; 4000 unwalled: 1000 Caftles; and of Villages
fcarce to be numbred: and many they had need to be, fince they give
lodging
LIB. 3
337
China:
lodging to above threefcore millions of men and boyes, befides women;
which be not inrolled. The whole Empire is divided into fifteene great
Provinces: governed by fo many Quon-fu and Laufiæ; who have their
Tutans,and Chyans,or Deputies under them. Each of thofe Provinces has
a Metropolis:full of people; fairely built; and very fpatious. But every
way more excellent than the reſt, are theſe foure, Paquin by ſome called
Pafquin: Nanquin or Nanton: Cantem or Canton; and Quinfay, by them
called Ham-cen: of which foure, at this day Paquin is chiefe or Em-
periall.
PAQVIN elevates the North Pole 41 degr. 15 minutes ; and by late
Geographers is accounted that fame Citie which ſome call Cambalu water-
ed by Polifanga; and China then muſt bee Cathaya: yea (if Pantoja, and Di
Canti lay true) the Chyna Monarch is that fame great Cam,with M. P. Ve-
netus and Mandevile afore him have famouſed. The Citie Pequin is que-
ftionléffe the moſt fpacious, and beft peopled in Afia, if not in the world:
fince it has 30 Duch leagues (ninety Engliſh miles) circumference: it
includes many ftately buildings; and Maufoleas; 24000 are numbered of
the Mandarins Sepulchers; the meaneft of which, is not without beauty:
and a no leffe number of little guilded Chappells, befide 3800 Temples
devoted to Idolatry. It has as many Gates & Poſterns as be dayes in a yeer:
fixſcore Buzzars or Market-places: above a thouſand Bridges of ſtone: and
fuch water as is every where potable. This City is not above a hundred
miles from that marvellous wall, which Crifnagol their King (Zaintzon
the 117 King fome fay) built 1000 yeeres ago, to keep out the invading
Tartarr: a wall 1200 miles long; fix fathoms high ;twelve yards thick;
and fuch as was ſeven and twenty yeeres erecting, by a continued labour
of 750000 men.
NANQVIN (the fecond Citie for grandeur and bravery, till of late,)
was the China Metropolis. It elevates the Artick Pole 32 degr.and is di-
ftant from the Sea 8 leagues or there abouts. The City is 12 leagues a-
bout; circled with three ftrong walls and ditches: the Kings Pallace is
glorious and vaft; the other buildings miny (for 200000 are reckned) but
meanly beautifull: the Temples area bove a thoufand: the ſtreets fayre;the
people induftrious: from Paquin removed Eaſt, fix hundred miles Engliſh:
moft part of the way is navigable.
CANTAM is at the South end of China, in 17 deg. a Towne both rich
and fpatious: our Ships came almoft in view of it: from it to Paquin is
two months travell.
QVINZAY or Ham-ceu borders Cochin China: of old, the greateſt, at
this day the moſt admirable for variety of antick rarities in the Orient.
Theſe bee the moft noted, but many other great and populous Cities
this great Empire conteineth: generally of one fhape and alike governed:
None be without their Meani or Temples fild with Deaftri or Idols. The
Countrey is generally champaign and fruitfull; the husbandmans care and
paines make it to fructifie and repay its thanks in various tribute:each Pro-
vince there is well watered: and few of thofe rivers but abound in fifh,
which the Chynefes not only banquet on, but on Frogs, Snakes, Rats,
Dogs, Hogs, and fuch food as many other Nations abhominate : they fifh
The
with Cormorants.
338
LIB. 3
China
The people are Olive coloured; more black or white as they vary
from the Equinoctiall: they weare their haire very long,and fillited; their
eyes are commonly black; their noſes little; their eyes fmall; their beards
deformedly thin ; and nailes often times as long as their fingers, ferving
as a mark to diſtinguiſh the Gentry by. The better fort are habited in filke
and a fleight ſort of fatten ; the meaner, in black cloth made of cotton :
their coats or vefts are long and quilted; made to tye under the left arme
after the uſuall garb of Afia; their fleeves are alſo very long, and at the
wriſt very ſtrait : their ſhoes are many times of fuch ftuffe as bee their
coats; and foaled with cloth or callicoes : fome have them richly imbroy-
dered. The greateſt variety amongst them is in their head attire : fome
knit their hayre in cawles of filk, of horſe-hayre fome, and ſome with
fillets of gold or filver: others weare high caps or felts made of fine
twigs, round, and commixt with filk of divers colours ; and other-ſome
an antick fort of hat, high crown'd, round, one halfe without brim, and
tawny coloured. The women are commonly modeft,and differ not in ap-
parell; in that a like vaile of white linnen wholly couers them; fhewing
nothing but their polt-feet, which from their infancy are ftraitned; fo as
to make them alla mode, many of them are maymed.
They tollerate Polligamy, and Sodomy; yea, what elſe their luftfull
idle natures can dictate to pleaſe their effeminacies. They are generally
crafty, proud, lafie, jealous,complementall, and voluptuous. Mufick, Po-
etry, Painting, and Stage-plaies delight them exceedingly: they care not
what they ſpend in luxury and fire-works: they eat in porcellane ; and
have their dyet in many but ſmall diſhes,their meat minc't,and which they
take up with two ſticks of bone or Jvory; but fome have their nailes fo
long as may excufe them ; for to touch their mouths or meat with fingers
is held abfurd and impious: their drinck is commonly hot, and by its taft
and colour feemes to be fuch a Coho potion as they drinck in Perfia; they
drinck oft and little. The Louthya's are ferved on the knee, and much re-
garded; they all fit upon ftooles and eat on Tables. And albeit no Nation
in the world is more idle and gluttenous; yet are no beggars to be found
there; if he be young and beg, the whip rewards him; ifold or lame,
or blind, the Hoſpitall releeves him. Murder they puniſh with death
theft and adultery commonly with the ftrappado: their Juftice is fevere
and impartiall, their prifons, ftrong; their executions, beheading; or ftar-
ving them. The Mandarins are honoured; the Chyam's reverenced; the
King adored: no Subje& nor Ambaffador ever fees or ſpeaks with him
(fave his children and Eunuchs) except by petition. They fuffer Ambaffa-
dors (or others) to enter China fo they bring prefents of valew; otherwiſe
they fufpect them as fpies and no way honour them. The Chynaes are
curious in novelties:and love to fee ftrange Arts; which they alfo delight-
fully practiſe : few of them but has skill in fome thing; either in tillage,
making China diſhes or porcellane, to paint,fing, or play well: the Mathe-
maticks they affect, & the civil Laws: they ufe not letters but Characters,
or Hyerogliphicks, of which they have above 40000: they write neither
to the right hand nor to the left, as the Latin and Hebrews did; but right
downe and fimmetrically: they write with pencills made of horse hayre,
fuck
L1B63
339
China
fuch as they alſo paint with: their language is moft part of monofyllables:
they be generally Poets and Muficians: affected with Rhetorick and Di
vination. The Schollers and Merchants in this republique are much more
honoured than the Souldiers bee: and fome reaſon they have for it, They
are fo cowardly, lafie, and tyrannicall. No people in the world more ho
nour their King than do the Chynaes: they fuppofe him too glorious for
them to look upon; they obey his will in every thing; they fill his Ex-
chéquor yeerely with above a hundred millions of crownes; they call
him The undaunted Emperour,and great Lord of the whole World: Son
of the Sun; and beauty of the whole Earth.
No people whatſoever, expreffe more filiall refpe&t unto their Parents
than the Chynefes do: they obey them at all times, and every where :
they do nothing to diſpleaſe them: they marry not without their affent:
their childrens Names are at their difpofing: they honour them, bee
they never fo meane; releeve them, bee they never fo poore; at theig
death, expreffe all fymptoms poffible of their loyalty and duty: and fel-
dome mourne leffe (in white linnen, as did the Jewes) than two or three
yeeres; the longer they mourne, they think they the better expreffe af
fection.
They arrogate all forts of excellencies whether in Art or Science, as
peculiar to their Nation:they think their Speech the moſt ſweet and rhe
toricall of any in the world: what other people have, they judge deduct
ed and borrowed from their tranſcendent Notions. They ſay they are the
most ancient and immixt people in the Universe; and borrow nothing of
any other Nation. They fay they firft invented Letters (or Characters,)
Guns, Painting, Tillage, and Navigation: yet in none of thefe (for all
their brags) can they parallell us of Europe. For their antiquity,I deny not
but they may have continued their plantation and without much mixture
(admirable if fo, for the Tartarrs and Siamits have oft over-runne them)
fince the first feminary, begunne by sem in thoſe parts: yet may others in
that point compare with them; I might nominate the Bryttains: for I re
gard not their Lies and Hiftories of fuch Kings as reigned, or fuch Con-
quefts as the Chynefes obteined (long before the birth of Time) a hun-
dred thousand yeeres ago; unleffe wee qualifie it by the example of the
Arcadians, whole yeare had but ninety dayes; of the Maffagets, who had
fifteen yeeres, or of the Egyptians who had twelve yeeres in one of ours;
following the courfe of the Moone, and not the revolution of the Sunne,
nor regarding the Dies intercalares: an error, moft of the Oriental! Eth
niques are plunged in. Their letters are not fo fuccinct as ours: their
Hieroglyphicks come fhort of the Egyptians. Their Guns are not fo
ferviceable: they have them not above a fpan long; fo that they rather
refemble Piftóls than Guns: nor are their bore nor fquaring fo good as
ours; fo ftrong, fo near, fo mathematicall. Their painting is of good co-
lours, but their defigning farre fhort of our invention: they draw the
poftures filthily, and fhadow meanly; which doubtleffe in painting
makes the perfection. Their husbandry is without Art or Reason: the
graine is good, the foyle rich, the Zone moderate, and yet their corne is
neither fo various, fo good,nor fo certaine, as be our Harvefts. Their Na-
•
>
Xx
vigation
349
LIB. 3
China
vigation is lame : they build many fhips; but without beauty, or fervice:
nor have they much skill in fayling, their Logarithms and Mathematick
inftruments to take the height of the Sun by failing them: their Compaffe
allo is defective; for they have but eight or twelve points at moft to di-
ftinguiſh by: nor is the Magnet (till of late) acquainted with them: for
all which, they fay they fee with two eyes; we with one, and that all o
ther people be more than purblind in fottifh ignorance.
They delight exceffively in all forts of games, and voluptuouſneſſe :
they can play at cheffe, irifh, paffage, in and in, hazard; and not only play
great games, but when they have loft, care not though they ſtake their
wives and children; whom if they lofe, they part with till they can ad-
vance ſo much money as they were ftaked for. They are very hofpicable
one to another,and have ſo fure a faith of the Refurrection that they fome-
times lend money to be repayed them in the world to come. Inter-ludes,
Mafqs, Fire-workes,and fuch devices wonderfully take them: nor valew
they what money they expend in fuch ſport, fo their expectation bee not
deluded. Their houfes are meanly built, and as badly furniſhed. Their
Meani or Temples have no fuch grandeur, nor beauty, as in a Countrey
fo peacefull, fo rich, and amongft a people fo ftudious, fo fuperftitious,
might be chalenged: but though their outfides bee but ordinary, yet bee
they many times lined with excellent good Marble, Prophyre and Ser-
pentine.
They celebrate their Natalicia or Birth-daies with great folemnity :
for fifteene dayes they rejoyce and play; and each night gormundife up-
on choice fruits, wines,and cates, with no fmall voracity. The New yeere,
which they begin in March, is no leffe illuftrated: at that time every man
reares uphis Pageant,and beautifies his door with paper Arches,and Ima-
ges,and all the night long makes them viſible by ftore of Lantherns.
Their Weddings have equal Ceremony: greater or leffer after the qua-
lity of the Deceaſed. When any Chyna dies,they waſh him every where,
perfume him next, and then apparrell him: they put his beft cloaths on,
and hate to let his head be naked: that done, they feat him in his chayre,
and make him fit as if hee were not dead but living. At a fet time his
wife enters the roome; the firft does him refpe&t, kiffes him, and takes
her farewell by expreffing fo much love and forrow as is poffible: at her
departure fhe takes her lodging, and her children next enter; where they
kneele and kiffe his hands, yea fympathife, and ftrive to out-vie each o-..
ther in their ejaculations, and fuch outward notions of forrow and piety
as is imaginable; beating their breafts, and powring out teares in abun-
dance next to them his kindred do their parts, and then his friends and
other acquaintance: the third day they coffin bim, in molt pretious wood,
cover it with a costly cloth, and over it place his Image: for fifteen dayes
the corps reft fo; each day having a Table (pread with dainty meats, but
nightly the Prieſts eat it and burne Incenfe,& offer an expiatory Sacrifice:
when they carry it to the grave (which is neither within any Town nor
Citie) they have women that do accompany it,purpoſely hyred to howle,
to teare their bayre, and to move others to compaffion: fometimes upon
his coffin they place divers pictures of dead men, whom they intreat to
fhew
LIB. 3
341
Dygarrois.
fhew him the beſt way to Paradife: that done, his wife and children for
fome dayes feclude themſelves from fight of men: and when they go a-
broad, go dolorouſly habited: they put courfe fack-cloth next their skin;
have their cloaths made long and plain; and for three yeeres ſcarce laugh,
or feeme to joy in any thing: but contrariwife indeavour to the utmost of
their power to agrandife their Duty by a continued lamentation, abfti-
nence from publique feaſts, and paſtimes: yea in all their letters, inftead of
their Names fubfcribe themfelvés Such a ones difobedient and unworthy
Child,&c.
But for all this, the Devill has too great a foveraignty over them: moft
of their Colledges and Temples expreffing by one or other invention,
their infernall wifdome, and familiarity with that old Magician; to whom
they devote many enthuſiaſtick boyes, who with their long ſpread haire,
proftrate themſelves afore the Mannada or Idoll ; and fuddenly as if fome
Hag had terrified them, ftart up and vibrate their fwords, kept there of
purpoſe whiles the Idolaters with dejected lookes note their antick pc-
ftures, and ceafe not to warble out a foft Doriq' fort of mufick,not de-
parting till the vaticinating youths pronounce fomewhat, poynting at his
Worship and their Obedience.
But we have faild too far. Tis high time to look homewards. Yet not
till we have bid farewell to Afa : into which when others adventure, let
this Motto be remembred.
Mans heart comands as many wayes as Stars find refting places:
Who travels must disguise himselfe each way with lanus faces.
P &oribus mores tot funt,
quot inOr'e figuræ:
Qui fapit, innumeris mori-
bus aptus erit,
How delightfull & how magical the excellencies & riches of the Orient
are, yet Ovid's Nefcio qua natale Solum, c. was my fong,and bleft mee in
my fuccesfull wifhes: fo that upon the feventh of June (after long faile,
fome ftormes, and much patience,) we againe defcribed land: it bore N.
N.W.from us,but at Tytans firft blush the enfuing morning,we were affured
it was Digarroys, a ſmall Ile, about fifty miles about, and in 20 degrees
South latitude: there we anchored not, wee knew Moritius was but
leagues diftant thence, the courfe W.N. W. a more hofpitable place, and
where we expected better welcome and refreſhment.
90
Digarrops (as Sea-men tell us) was firft difcovered by the Portuguife:
but except ſome Welſh-man had the honour of naming it. I know
not whence calld Dygarroys, for Digarrad in the British dialect fitly com-
plies with it, An Ile fo Defolate: defolate I mean in humane Inhabitants;
other things 'tis Überous in,as Wood, (choyce and ſtore) Tortoifes, Do-
dos, and other Fowle rare & ferviceable. To our view,it gave it felle not
very high at 6 leag. diftance: and this remember, that at the South-W‹ft-
end are Syrtes or fhoalds long and very dangerous. By benefit of conſtant
winds, in few houres wee arrived at the Mauritius, a place no way defpi-
cable; but rather fuch as in the Travelling over, defervedly chalendges
my paines, your patience.
Xx 3
of
342
Mauritius.
LIB. 3
The Bay of Mauritius in the
north-west side of the Ic.
浅
​Of the Mauritius.
AURITIUS (an Ile fcituate within the burning Zone, not farre
from the Tropick of Capricorne) has twenty degrees, five minutes
Antartick latitude; longitude from the Meridian of Cape Comerys,twenty
degrees and as many minutes; variation, foure and twenty degrees and
nineteene minutes: In what part of the World, queftionable; participa-
ting both with America, in reſpect of that vaſt South Ocean; as bending
towards the Afiatique Seas, waſhing India, lava, and other Iles; and with
Afrique alfo,if you ranck her with that Empreffe of Iles,Madagaſcar, which
feemes to thadow her, and from whofe Eaſterne banks thee is removed
above a hundred leagues or three hundred Engliſh miles: Bur, however
doubtfull to which three it appertaines; of this I nothing doubt; that, for
variety of Gods temporall bleſſings no part of the Univerſe obfcures it. I
will not fatisfie you by report of others, but by being an eye-witneffe in
part, and partly expert in the reft, I may without much hyperbolizing, af-
firme the whole ſcarce to be parelleld. It was firſt diſcovered by the
Portugall; whofe induftrious arme and ingenious fancie (ere America was
diſcovered by Columbus) brought ſtrange things to paffe, and gave Names to
many places formerly innominate. Amongst others, the name Do-Cerne
unto this; improperly, if they allude to that which Pling names in his
6.lib.
LIB. 3
343
Mauritius.
鬆
​1
6 lib. cap. 31,
for that Cerné of his is placed neere the Gulph of Perfia;
fome be alſo of this name amongſt the Azores and other places. After
that, it varied into other denominats, as Roderigo; Cygnea; and now,
by the Hollanders, Mauritius: but whicher, borrowed from Grave Mau-
rice, or in memory of a Ship fo named, that by age or accident layd her
bones here, I determine not; for, by equall authority and leffe prefump-
tion I may conferre the Nomenclation upon ſome adventurous Ĉambryan
(the relicks of whoſe moſt auntient ſpeech and dialect is yet living in ma-
ny of theſe remote and fecret quarters of the world,) the word Maur-
Taifus or bigger Iland; fitly fo named, if compared with thofe other leffer
Iles, Dygarrois, Englands Forreft, Dozimo, St. Apollonia,&c: and by a more
euphoniacall concifion now Maur ifius. But grant it be fo called by the
Hollanders, yet it followes not that they have more right to it than the
English; for they themſelves know that the Engliſh landed there a dozen
yeares, before them: and no question had new named it, but that they
knew the Porcugall had done it before them. This alfo remembred, that
in the yeare 150s, when Francifcus Almeyde, of all the Portugalls the moft
excellent in conqueft and diſcoverie, fubjected many marittim parts of
Ægi-Symba or South Afrique, in Quiloa,Mombezza, Melindé,Mozambyc&c
Hee reports that there and in fome Iles (I fuppofe this one,) where hee
erected Forts and Caſtles of defence, he found Croffes and other ſymbolls
of Chriſtianitie: whereby (as Oforius in his 4. lib.) hee was fure Chrift had
beene ferved there, and therefore would not efteeme himſelfe of any of
thoſe parts, The firft Chriftian diſcoverer.
Mauritius is an Ile abounding with all good things requifite for mans ufe,
and require-able for the Zone 'tis placed in: the land (eſpecially where it
refpects the Sea) is high and mountainous: the fhape fomewhat round;
the circuit not much above a hundred Engliſh miles: the greatest extent
is from the North Eaft to South-Weft: every where fweet & flourishing.
It procreates a healthie ayre; the blooming fragrant trees both lenifie the
fcalding heat fuch time as Don Phebus wantonizes with the Goat; and
fan the gentle Breezes wafted from the Noto-Zephirus, fuch time as sol re-
fides in Cancer. And here I fhould fet a full point to her commendations,
did that ignorant opinion of our home-bred Seniors difcourage me, af-
firming poſitively that the Torrid Zone was un-inhabitable: a conceit
fometime predominating; but now that mift of error is difpell'd, the vaile
removed, and experience advanced: wee fee it yearely, and plainly, that
no place 'twixt the two Poles is more habitable, more young, more excel-
lent. Igrant; the Zone is twice every yeare ſubject to the Sunnes ex-
treameft Candor, that the ayre enflames, and that clouds doe not there fo
uſually as elfe-where in colder Regions generate: but, two Winters they
alſo have,they want not clouds; (for, the benevolent heaven daily diffudes
a gentle ſhower, whereby the earths ficcity is mollified and made moft ube.
rous,)the ayre alfo is lenified by a conftant breez or favonius which breaths
fweetly every day towards Sun-fer, and fo refrigerates, that no diftempe-
rature is perceived, no not when Apollo dimits his perpendicular rayes and
divefts himselfe in his moft ardent fplendour: yea, when the Dogftirre
rages, the people in this Zone find the ayre falubrious: the ground alfo in
moft
344
LIB. 3
Mauritius.
4
moft places is enricht with delicious fleepe-charming ftreames, which by
their infufion not only fructifie the folid earth, but alfo by a harmonious
progreffe affoord an unrefiftable magique to eafe and meditation: the in-
finite ftore of loftie and ſpreading trees, all the yeare condecorated with
fuch verdant beantie and fragrancie; their boughes never unapparrelled
from their Summer liverie ; the ground ever ſpread with Natures choifeft
tapeſtrie; the fap never exiled into the melancholy earth by Winters fri-
giditie; yea, the mirthfull Sunne (the provoker and reviver of decayed
Nature) is ever pleaſed to re-enforce a continued vigour and activitie; fo
as an Epitome of all delight and plenty feeme contracted here, and to
difplay it felfe in her exact content, health,and braverie, Such as fome have
fabled of Elizium.
Hic, radiunt flores et prati viva voluptas
Ingenio variata fuo, fulgentibus illic (herba
Surgunt ftru&ta thoris: hic, mollis panditur
Sollicitum curis non abruptura ſoporem.
Turba falutantum latas tibi perftrepit a des,
Hic avium cantus,labentis murmura rivi.
Here, radiant flowers, the Meadows vive delight
Vary their Nature, rifing to the fight
In fhining Beds: here, spreads the tender Graffe
Not breaking careleffe fle pe o'th dainty Laffe.
The atten lant Troops make thy large Houfe refound,
But hereBirds chirp,Streams murmur on the ground.
And as that body is beft compounded which pertakes indifferently of all
the Elements; for either to want or fuperabound, begets defect: fo,to be
bleft in all,this place (humane focietie excepred)is abortive in none. For,
water is here in plenty ; nor is its goodneffe and fweetneffe excell'd by
plentie; but, as it gently drills it felfe from the ftupendious rocks; fo it
trickles along the pleaſant valleyes, as it were befotred at the delightfull
murmur it liveth in: in fome places it fpreads into Meanders, till (too fe-
cure in its owne mildaeffe) it commixes, and is ingulpht by that vaft and
brinie Ocean. It alſo abounds in divers forts of Trees: fome,good for tim-
ber; others for food; all for uſe. I cannot tell you the halfe of them, I
want names to fpeake, and Art to defcribe them by. There, is ftore of
Box (as they first appeare, fo I remember them) whofe growth and
green.
neffe affoords profit and delight: here is alſo great ftore of Ebony, of all
forts; black, red, white, and yellow: the tree is high, fmall and ftraight,
the out-fide is covered with bark; the in- fide lyned with Ebony: black is
the beft, and good for many noble uſes; for frames of pictures, Mathema-
tique inftruments, Chefs' and playing tables, bowles,&c. fo rich, fo valu-
able, that few. yeares paffe but either Dutch or French Ships came to this
Ile of purpoſe to load away with nothing elfe but Ebony: than which, no
wood is better; than which, no Ile in the world his more, more forts, or
leffe chargeable: and if Virgil's conceit may carry it, we may conclude this
Ile a member of Eaft India.
Sola India nigrum
fert Ebenum.
No where but in India
Black Ebon wood doth grow men say.
And as in most things it is plentifull (Now tellus eadem parit omnia,) ſo no
one thing in plenty exceeds the wood, which is fo thick, that in moftrts
Ic
LIB.3
34-5
Mauritius.
•
I could hardly beget paffages. The Palmeto is a remarkable Tree and moſt
beneficiall to Travellers: 'tis like the Coco or Date in growth, fave that
her boughes are large and rounder: the Palmeto is long, and ftraight, and
round, and foft; without leafe, bough, or branch, fave at the very top; and
thoſe are few, and greene, and fedgie: under the branch appeare certaine
codded feeds: both trees (male and female) bloffome, but the fhee is only
fruitfull; and not fo neither, unteffe a flowring branch of the male tree be
yearely innoculated or incorporated, that by a commixture of feed the fe-
male may fructifie; no miracle in Nature: the leaves ferve for many uſes
wee made them cover our Tents, to fhade us from the Sun and the fere-
nes which fall nightly, and are dangerous: at the top of the Palmeto tree
is a foft pith, in which confifts the foule or vegetative vertue, for being
cut out the tree dyes; the pith is in bigueffe like a ſmall Cabbage, in taſte
like a Nut,but boyld eats like a Colli-flory. Of more value is the Palmeto
wine; it is muftor fweet, pleaſant and nourishing, in colour and taſte not
unlike new Muskadine. It is intoxicating, but cold in the digeftion; it pur-
ges and helps obftructions, kills wormes, and let ftand two dayes in the Sun,
becomes good vinegar. The wine is thus gathered: we peirce or cut ſmall
holes in three or foure trees that 'grow together; the fap or liquor effudes
preſently, and all the holes or veffells are quickly filled: impatience for-
bids to bring wooden barrycoes thicher, our bellies were prepared to re-
ceive it; by help of a Cane or Quill we fuck and fuck againe, from one tree
to another, two or three trees in leffe than an houre repletiating the gree-
dieft appetites,though they bowze their bellies full.
The ſhape of which and Coco, after my rude way I thus prefent thee:
Their excellencies I cannot more elegantly expreffe, than silvefter has
already celebrated.
1 Coco-tree
J
A Batt
1
A Palmeto-tree
А Горідис
bird
-,-, -
The
A
346
LIB. 3
Mauritius.
The Indian I'les moft admirable be
In thoſe rare fruits call'd Coquo's commonly:
The which alone farre richer wonder yeilds
Than all our Groves, Meades, Orchards, Gardens, Feilds!
What, would'st thou Drink? the wounded leaves drop wine.
Lack'ſt thou fine Linnen? dreffe the tender rine,
Dreffe it like flax, fpin it, then weave it well:
It ſhall thy Cambrick and thy Lawne excell.
Long'st thou for Butter? bite the poulpy part.
For, never better came to any Mart.
Do'st need good Oyle? then boult it too and fro,
And paffing oyle it foone becommeth fo.
Or Vinegar? to whet thine appetite.
Why, funne it well and it will ſharply bite.
Or, wants thou Sugar? fteepe the fame a ftownd,
And ſweeter Sugar is not to be found.
!.
Tis what you will, or will be what you would :
Should Mydos touch it, fure it would be gould.
And God (all good) to crowne our life with Bayes,
The earth with plenty, and his name with prayes,
Had done enough if he had made no more
But this one plant, fo full of choifeft ſtore.
Save that the world (where one thing breeds fatiety)
Could not be faire, without fo great variety.
often
For indeed, fuch is the life and pleaſure of this Ambrofia, that
noted it) wee were no fooner parted from thefe trees (no not three yards
fpace) but divers birds, as Parrats, Kites, Thrushes,&c. and Lizards (here
abounding, and not a little curious in their ſhape and colours) would speed
to fuck the diftilling Nectar.
Divers other Trees here are, various in their fhape and nature: one,
out of curic fity I bit and tafted of, but for halfe an houre it fo malignantly
wrongd my mouth and lips, as if Vitriol had beene imbrued with Sulphur:
it procreates nothing that is greene or good, deftitute of fhade and beauty,
wholy naked, without leafe or flower; the bole or body is foft and pene.
trable, fuch as a Mufquet bullet can make way thorough though the Tree
be of five yards circuit; the foftneffe of it invited my knife to carve my
name in, and which, it as eaſily performed, as with a ftick you can write.
in fand; I have no name for it. Nor for another very frequent there, but
by its likeneffe the fame which the barbarous Africans at Sierra-leon call
o'gon, with which they invenome their Darts and Shafts: the Tree is not
high nor bungie; the branches fpread to a great length, and beare many
Cods (not unlike the Indian Beanes) arm'd with many fharp prickles: by
fuch a defence one would think the fruit or kernell valuable, but it decei-
ved us; the fruit (or kernell hid within thoſe Cods) is round, ſcarce fo
big as a Doves egge; the fhell, and colour very like a Bezar ftone; hard
to crack, but crackt it may be; within, it has a Nur, tafted like an Acorne,
the quality (if not the fame) little better than poyfon. Many other rare
Tree
LIB. 3
347
Mauritius.
Trees there are; fome,like unto Pines ; like Afhes,fome; fome, Box; fome
like to Cypreffes. The fruits are alfo variable, fome like Pine-Apples,like
Artichoakes fome, others like Plums, and Nuts, and Berries: whofe feve-
rall names or vertues,my fmall skill in that Theory apprehends not. This I
tooke notice of, that what the Birds eat not, the Tortoyfes doe eat; and
what the Tortoyfes refuſe to eat, the Hoggs devoure: fo, as by one or
other, all is tafted of. Againe, as this noble Ile is prodigall in her water
and wood, ſo ſhee correfponds in what elſe a fruitfull Parent labours in :
not only boafting in that variety, but in feathered creatures allo; yea, în
the rareneffe of that variety: I will but name fome of them; you fhall lick
them to perfection. The Dodo comes firſt to our deſcription: here,and
in Dygarrois (and no where elfe, that ever I could fee or heare of) is gene-
rated the Dodo (a Portuguize name it is, and has reference to her fimple-
nes,) a Bird which for fhape and rareneffe might be call'da Phoenix (wer't
in Arabia:) her body is round and extreame fat,her flow pace begets that
corpulencie; few of them weigh leffe than fifty pound: better to the eye
than ftomack: greafie appetites may perhaps commend them, but to the
indifferently curious, nouriſhment, but prove offenfive. Let's take her
picture: her viſage darts forth melancholy, as fenfible of Natures injurie in
framing fo great and maffie a body to be directed by fuch ſmall and com-
plementall wings, as are unable to hoife her from the ground, ferving only
to prove her a Bird; which otherwiſe might be doubted of: her head is va
riouſly dreft, the one halfe hooded with downy blackiſh feathers; the
other, perfectly naked; of a whitish hue, as if a tranfparent Lawne had co-
vered it her bill is very howked and bends downwards, the thrill or
breathing place is in the midft of it; from which part to the end, the co-
lour is a light greene mixt with a pale yellow; her eyes be round and
fmall, and bright as Diamonds; her cloathing is of fineft Downe, fuch as
you fee in Goflins: her trayne is (like a China beard) of three or foure
fhort feathers; her legs thick,and black,and ftrong; her tallons or pounces
ſharp, her ftomack fiery hot, fo as ftones and iron are eaſily digefted in it;
in that and ſhape,not a little reſembling the Africk Oeftriches:but ſo much,
as for their more certain difference I dare to give thee (with two others)
her repreſentation.
YY
;
A Cacato
A Dode
A Hen
348.
LIB. 3
Mauritius.
Here are alfo fundry other fowle, yea birds of higheſt quality; as Gof-
hawkes, Hobbies, Lannars; and alſo Reer-mice or Bats as large as Gof-
hawkes, Paffe flemingoes, Geefe, Powts, Swallowes, Kites, Black-birds,
Sparrowes, Robbins, Herons, white and beautifull; in their flefh good, in
their feathers more valewable: Cacatoes, a bird fomewhat like a Parrat,
but may feeme to borrow his name from xaxoy woy, he is fo fierce, fo ra
venous, and fo indomitable, Bitters, Hens, and many other; which I for-
beare to name to avoyd impatience: But I muft give the Parrats a pecu-
liar falutation, they made mee fo admire their feathers, and are fo catho-
lickly beloved and pointed at; Such are their curious liveries, and fuch
their language,not unaptly thence cal'd Avfwoyλorlo a good Epichicon.
The Parrat, humane language knows right well,
And to his Lord, faies Save you, and Farewell.
Pfittacus, humanas depromit voce loquetas
Atque fuo Domino Kaise valeque fonat.
Here are alfo as great variety of fish, as in any other part of the world,
I thinck: fuch as wee took and tafted of I noted. The Man-atee or Cow-
fiſh was beft and rareft ; for tafte and fhape equally can appofe both feeder
and beholder. They uſe both elements;thofe very fins which fteare them
in the Sea, ſerve as ftilts on fhore to creep along, and to fupport them;
their paps alfo in their land travels do befriend them: and though a fifh,
yet differ little from Veale in taft, fave that it is fomewhat waterish; the
ribs and entralls refemble a Cows, fo do their face,and thence have their
denomination for doubtleffe the land has not that creature which the
watery citizens reſemble not. This fifh is of a great length,and ſwims but
flowly; they affect shoald waters, and to be neare the fhoare to graze on;
Andrew Evans our honeft Captaine, ftruck one of them with a Trident or
Fif-gigg, and (here in this Bay) leapt upon her, wounding her above fifty
times with his fteletto, but ere hee got the victory,fhe crufht him by incir-
cling him with her taile,enraged by fharp pangs of death, fo that his con-
queſt was dearly bought; for though at that prefent he fpat blood without
feeling other torture, yet fo mortall was his bruife,that he bade this world
farewell, within three weekes after; as in my defcription of Saint Helena
is remembred. The head of this fifh is like an Elephant (ſave that the
pro-
bofcis is wanting:) but to a Cow moft liken her: her eyes are very fmall;
her bulk, about three yards long; and in bredth halfe fo much: 'cis fa-
mouſed for a gentle fish; yea in their love to the vifage of a man, are
ranckt with Dolphins: moſt certaine and moſt valewable is the ſtone con-
ſolidated in their heads: for,being pounded,put in wine, & drunck faſting,
it is (as are the brains of Sharks, fome call them Tuberons)moft foveraigne
againſt the ſtone and collick : queftionleffe of more prife than his other
fix great teeth, which yet to him are farre more uſefull.
Give mee leave to name what fish wee took, 'twill eafe my memory:
Dolphins, Bonetates, Albicores, Cavalloes, Whale, Porpice, Grampaffe,
(or Suf-marinus,) Mullet, Bream, Tench, Trout, Soles, Flounders, Tor-
toyfes, Eeles, Pikes, Sharkes, Crabs, Lobſters, Oyfters, Crafiſh, Cuttle-
fiſh, Rock-fiſh, Limpits, and a ſpeckled Toad-fifh or poyfon fish, as the
Sea-men from experience named it: This came firft to net and was eaten
too
1
LIB. 3
349
Mauritius.
too greedily by the heedles Sailers; an error which coft fome their lives,
others their fences; a deere rate, a bad reckning: It is not unlike a Tench,
but farre more black, meazled, and deformedly painted. Other ftrange
made Fiſhes we had there, who met with ſome ſtrange ſtomacks, who in a
dangerous curiofity would needs taft them: fome of them had the fhape
of Hedg-hogs, of Cats fome: ſome were bungy, others briftly and trian-
guler; fuch as Gorræus calls Lepus marinas, of which and the reft this caveat
may be inferted.
The poysonous Sea-fish drinck, learn to beware:
Whom the deep Channells of the Seas prepare.
Her Scales have bane,ber Oyles like purging are.
Diſce venenatos Leporis cognofcere potus
Peftiferi, mediis peperit quem fluctibus æquoi
Virofi Squammas et purgamenta marini
pifcis olei.
The Torpedo or Cramp fish came alfo to our hands, but were amazed
(not knowing that filh but by its quality) when a fudden trembling feazed
on us; a device it has to beget liberty; by evaporating a cold breath to
ſtupifie fuch as either touch, or hold a thing that touches it: heare Oppian.
Along her ftretched guts two branches rife
With fraud(not strength)endued; they patronife
The Fish: whom who fo wounds, his joynts decay
His blood conjeales, his limbs move not,they fay
His powers diffolve, he fakes,and falls away.
At duo fe tollunt diftenta per Ilia rami,
Qui fraudem pro robore habent, Pifcemq; tuentur
Quos fi quis tractat, perdit per membra vigorem
Sanguine concreto, rigidos nec commovet artus,
Solvuntur fubitò contrato in corpore viles.
Moreover, this Ile affoords us Goats, Hogs, Beeves, and land Tortoi-
fes: fo great, as fuffer two men with eafe to fit upon them; fo ftrong, as
they can carry them: yea (in Portugall reports,) fifteene men have alto-
gether ſtood on one of them : Sailers affect to eat them; but are better
meat for Hogs, in my opinion: they make pretty ſport, but are odious
food; and fo are their Rats, Bats, and Monkeys: moft of which ufefull
and unuſefull creatures were firſt brought hither (men fay) by the Portu-
gall to refresh them in their returne from India, but at this day dare nei-
ther anchor there (fearing the English and Dutch,) nor owne their firſt-
lings. The Birds, had here at no charge and little labour, are Hens, Bats,
Herns,&c. The Hens flock together twenty and forty in a company; if
you catch one, take all the fureft way is to fhew them a red cloth; that
colour exafperates their spleen, they fhew it by flying out-ragiously at it;
and when wee ftruck downe one, the refidue budgd not one jot till all
were vanquished: they eat like parcht Piggs if you roaft them. The
Herons alſo through a long continued fecurity (ignorant of the deceits of
men, and unuſed to the villany of powder) are as eaſily gotten: wee have
come in ſhot of fix, and when wee had killd one, the other took not wing
but fuffered us to shoot and take them all,one after another; neither know-
ing nor valuing danger, but quicken deftruction to themſelves by a ftrange
condofing their late dead affociates. All forts of fifh are eaſily caken. The
Bats are innumerable, and admirable in their bigneffe: Some of them are
not leffe than Gof-haukes: Sea-men cafe them like Rabbets, but (if my
ftomack deceive me not) worfe meat cannot be tafted of : a fierce ilfavo-
2
Y y z
red
350
LIB. 3
Mauritius
red carrion it is, ever ſqueaking, and in moſt hidious and offenfive noiſes
calling one another: they hang in fwarmes upon the boughs of trees, by
clawes fixed at the extreame part of their wings; their monkey faces tur-
ned downwards.
Te&taque cum filvis celebrant, lucemque perofæ Houſes and Woods they haunt, hate Day, and game
Nocte volant, feroque tenent a vefpere Nomen. In Night time, and from twi light have their Name.
Their fhapes which I have formerly put upon the Coquos, beft fpeaks 'em.
A day afore wee parted thence, wee took a Fiſh, an Eagle-fiſh I ima-
gin'd it: the eyes were five quarters afunder: from one fin end to ano-
ther, were above foure yards: its mouth and teeth refembled a Port-cul-
lice; a long ſmall taile it had : a creature (take it altogether) rather made
to wonder at, than to juncket on.
1
A word now of the Soyle it felfe.
The Ile has many good places to anchor in : two are well knowne ; the
one, at the North-Weft fide, which beares the forme of a Hemi-cicle, and
elevates the Pole Antartique, 19 degrees, and 30 minutes: the other, at
the South-Eaft is directly oppofite, and in 20 degrees, 15 minutes, in lon-
gitude from Cape Comryn the utmoft promontory of India, 20 degrees,
20 minutes: and from the Lizard the extreameft part of England, 99.
both Bayes ſeeme land-lockt, the ground is oazy, the depth in 5, 10, 15,
or 20 fadoms, as the Sea-man beft affects:No where dangerous. The Soile
it felfe; is ftony and troubleſome towards the fhoare ; howbeit the in-
land parts are fat, and pleaſant, full of fhadowing trees, and drilling rivo-
lets, reciprocally benevolent, equally delightfull to the eye and taſte
fome few places excepted; which either ſtorming at the aſpiring height
of ſome adjacent Mountaines, or efflated in their owne noife, defcend fo
violently that they become Cataracts in their violent and precipitious
fluxesg
(
LIB.3
351
England's Forreſt.
#
fluxes: but, though the eare be angry at it, the other fences derive much
happineffe; for hereby the earth is mellowed and made fruitfull, which
otherwife would bee too full of frones and fand; yet fuch is the richneſſe
of it, as rather commands us wonder at, than deſcribe it. Amber-
greafe is often found flooting about this Iland: how generated, whether in
the Whale,or froth of Seas,or other wife,is yet doubted of. Corall, white
and pleaſant to look upon,grows here in abundace: but how that ftincking
weed Tobacco came thither I know not: whether by Art or Nature que-
ftionable. To conclude, this pleaſanteft of Afiatick Iles is un-inhabited,
unleffe you pleaſe to intitle Beafts and Birds Inhabitants: thofe live here
without dread of Lyon, Tygre, Wolfe, Fox, Dog, or ſuch offenfive crea-
tures; and have it upon this condition, to pay a gratefull Tith or Tribute
to fuch fhips as famine or foule weather direct to ride here: a fit place for
Sir Thomas Moore to have feated his Utopia in. But his conceits were for-
ged: this merits the beft of people.
If I have ftood too long in her defcription, excuſe it in the furpaffing
delight I took in it, fuch as without Circe's fpells had a magick force To
with wee dwelt there. But home we muft; the wind blew faire, the Sea
was calme, and all our company fully refreshed. So, aboard wee went,
and in three houres faile loft fight of that Elifium; wiſhing fuch an Optick
glaffe as every where would fhew it us: but our ftrong imaginations repre-
fent it.
The fift day we defcried land;it bore South-Weft from us: by its height,
fhape, and pofition, wee knew 'twas that our Captaines called Englands
Forreft: next day we attained it. The name was Anno 1613. impofed by
Captaine Castleton Commander of the Pearle (a fhip I meane:) fome fay
the errant Potugall firft faw it, and by Seignior Mafcarenas from his pwne
name was denominated: yet other-fome go further and call it Pulo-puar,
an Indian name, but by whom or when, darkly writ in the miftique Cha-
racter of Oblivion. The Ile has above fifty Engliſh miles circuit: the
South Pole is elevated in that place, 20 degrees, and 55 minutes, South
from the Æquator: in longitude from Mauritius 1 degree and a halfe:
(but diftant thence, feven and thirty Duch leagues:) and variation of the
Compalle 23 degrees: an Ile exceeding lofty,madefying her aſpiring fore-
head within the middle Region: every where greene, and ever floriſh-
ing; pleaſantly apparelled in various liveries; efpecially in ftore of trees,
branching gallantly, and mounting to a rare fublimity. It had no Creature
in it, fave birds; till our Captaine landed fome Hogs and Goats of both
kinds, that by a happy multiplication and encreaſe the future Paffenger
might be releeved and bleffe the Planter. It wants not water, fweet and
plentifull: the freſh ftreams are Magazeins of watry Citizens, fuch as fport
themſelves in that liquid Element: 'twere prolixity to name halfe of them;
the Eeles are notable; many there be, and moft weigh thirty pounds; not
odious in their corpulency, for to the taft they render themſelves fweet,
moift, and excellent: the birds are many, rare, but moft of them fuch as
are ſpoken of in the Mauritius.
We muſt to Sea againe, but not without a gratefull farewell to thofe
healthy
1
352
LIB. 3
Mare del Zur.
healthy and well-plac't Ilands, prepoffeft with a felicitated memoriall,yea
enricht with fo great choice, fuch plenty of victualls, that the vaft and
churlish Ocean became leffe diftaftfull to us; contemplating the jocune
exerciſes and pleaſures we were fe late poffeffors of.
In few dayes (by benefit of propitious windes) we lancht farre into the
Mare del Zur, the Antartick conftellations more vifibly diſcovering them-
ſelves, and to approach our Zenyth. But, long thofe happy Favonii con-
tinued not: the windveered into other (our contrary) quarters; the Skie
ore-ſpread with black and lowring clowds, the Sea roar'd and labour'd in
many dreadfull tumors, threatning fpight, and no fmall danger: for feaven
whole dayes and nights the Tempeſt raged, and forced us all that while to
lye by the Lee (to fpeake Sea language) no faile but the mizzen daring to
oppoſe, the reft made proftrate to a fenceleffe furie: howbeit, the old
fong Venit poft multos una ferena Dies revived us, by a continued patience
begetting freedome and victory.
For many hundred miles we had nothing but Sea and Ayre to feaft our
fights with: fomwhat bettered by many fhoales of fiſh every where con-
comitating us, now and then by too much greedineffe proffering them-
felves to the deceitfull bait of the cunning Marriner. In this vacancie, I
may remember; Ariſtotle 2 lib.Meteor is of opinion, that no great blaſts of
wind blow from the South; meaning, that the burning Zone is without
much raine, and clouds, fuch as conduce to exhalation and vapours: or,
that before they can exceed the Tropicks, and enter the temperate Zone,
the Sunnes vehement and continued heat and rays difpell, annihilate, and
make them unforceable. Doubtleffe he retracted; for who fees not, that
Phœbus in his attractive power (fo,the matter be alike) equally co-operates
towards a generation of wind and raine in his progreffe unto either Tro-
pick. Experience, the Miftreffe of Knowledge taught it us; we found it
fo: for from the South many gufts and ſtormes affailed us. Ovid in his
4 lib.de Ponte is of Aristotles opinion (to be granted in our Hemifpheare.)
Hic oritur Boreas Oræq;, domefticus huic eft,
et fumit vires à propiore loco.
At Notus adverfo tepidus qui fpirat ab Axe
eft procul, et rarus, languidiorq; venit.
Rough Boreas our Domestique, ruleth here,
And takes his vigour from a place more neere.
But the mild South from adverſe Quarter ſent,
Comes farre, blowes gently, and more impotent.
After threeſcore and ten dayes further faile, wee came in view of Saint
Helena, (fo long were wee with faire winds 'twixt that Ile and the Mauri-
tius ;) a very little Ile and ftrangely founded. The fpatious Ocean bel-
lowes on every fide fo fretfully, as it might feare an inundation,had not the
extraordinarie height, but chiefly a Supreame providence (which hath fet
the Sea its bounds)fafe-guarded it. It has no neighbour Iles,neither great
nor ſmall, but feemes equally removed from thoſe two famous Ports Rio
Grandi and Cape Negro; the one in Brazelia, th’other in Congo: in America
the first; in Africk the laft: both, in one elevation, and in the fame parallel
with Saint Helena: from that in America, diſtant above 400 leagues; from
this in Africk 300. But let us a fhoare, and fearch what fhe aboundeth in.
Saint
LIB. 3
353
Saint Helena.
SA
Of Helena.
AINT HELEN A is an Ile,& was in-nominate till Iohn de Nova gave
it one, in the yeare after th'incarnation of our Saviour Chrift 1502: and
fo named, for that he diſcovered it (in his returne from India to Lisbon)the
third of May; a day confecrated to the memory of Helena the Empreffe :
She that first found the Croffe,fhe that was the moſt religious of Ladies in
her time, fhe that was mother to the firſt Chriſtian Emperour, great Con-
Stantine: both ofthem glorious to the world; Brittans both; both bright
Jems of this our Nation.
St. Helena is removed South from the Equator fixteene degrees: has
longitude from the utmoſt promontory of South Africk, two and twenty
degrees: the needle varies there,five degrees and thirteene minutes. From
the lands end of England it is diftant 1500 leagues, or 4500 English miles:
From the Cape of Good hope 580 leagues, or 1740 miles. From Mada-
gafcar 1000 leagues, or 3000 miles. From Surat 2200 leagues, or 6600
miles. And from Bantam in Iava 2300 leagues, or 6900 miles, or there-
abouts. The Ile has this front in that Bay which takes name from the
Chappell, nigh which we anchored.
St
Helena, NELE
E
SELE
Kappel vatte
na
Lemon Valley
To what part of thinhabited world it appertaines, is doubtfull; the vaſt
Æthiopique Ocean fo largely circles it. To Afer I imagine (becauſe its
neereft to that Continent,) rather than Vefputius. The Ile is fmall; it
exceeds not thirty English miles in circum ference: exceffive high; it
wraps its head for the moſt part in the clouds, where it opens its wide
mouth, and gulps down fufficient moiſture to coole its heat, and fatten it:
and but for that affinity it has with the middle Region which invelops it
with a chil-cold Tulipant, the extreame heat wanton Phaeton darts con-
ftantly in that Zone, yea twice every yeare perpendicularly upon this Ile
when hee is Zenith, would doubtleffe incinerate, and make the entralls
enflame (for it has Sulphur) like another Vefuvius. The land (I told you)
is very high, but not more eminent in its height,than the Sea (clofe by the
Ile) is admirable in the depth;fo deepe that it admits ill anchoring (a place,
N.W. from the channell where is riding at 20 fadoms, excepted;) where-
by,
SW
354
LIB. 3
Saint Helena.
!
by, Marriners are forced to carry their anchors a fhoare, if they would ride
fecurely and with good cauſe too; for, by reaſon of the abiffe, I could
hardly diſcerne any flux or reflux, as if wee had beene neere no land, but
rather in the body of the Sea, where neither ebb nor flow can be difco-
vered: the falt water indeed continually plaſhes and froaths with rage to
fee it ſelfe ſo ſuddenly refifted; but, the moift breath ufually vapring in
or upon the Seas occafions it, and makes it turbulent.
The Ile is hard to be afcended; not that the paffage is craggie, but pre-
cipitious: the Sailers Proverb of it is, A man may chooſe whither he will
break his heart going up, or his neck in comming down; a merry jeaft, but
let them chooſe it. Once up, no place yeelds a more delightfull object. It
is even and plaine above,fwelling no where to a deformed rifing; cloath'd
with ſweet graffe, long and curious; every where it gives a large profpect
and horizon into the Ocean. The Springs above are fweet, but below
are brackish; the reaſon is,they participate (in their drilling diſcent) of the
falt hills, through which it cuts a paffage; falt both by their owne compo-
fition, and the falt breath the Sea perpetually evaporates. There are but
two rivolets in that Ile: the one bubbles down into the Chappell, th'other
into the Lemmon Vallyes. They take their names fró a Lemon tree whence
it ariſes, and an old Chappell built at the very bottome by the Spaniard
Anno 1571, and delapidated by the Dutch ; a place once intended for Gods
glory, but by malice ofrude man made ruinous and a prophane neft of un-
cleane avarice. The ruines of a little Towne demolifht lately fhew them-
ſelves, and ſerve to teftifie a like Fate makes men and Villages dye, Death
and deſtruction makes both mortall and miferable. Some fay the Spaniſh
King fubverted it, in that it became an unlawfull Magazein of Sea-mens
Traffick, turning and returning out of both the Indyes: thereby lofing his
tribute in too apparent meaſure. It is but lately made fociable: the world
is but beginning there; no Monuments, no Antique rarities are there
found. You fee all,if you looke upon the ſhatterd ribs of an old weather-
beaten Carrique, and fome broken peeces of great Ordnance left there
againſt the Owners good liking, and ferve now in ftead of Anchors. The
Ile is defolate of reaſonable Inhabitants: Hoggs and Goats dwell there:
they agree well-favouredly, and multiply in mighty numbers; happy in
their eaſe and ſafety, till fhips arrive there to banish hunger: wee got alſo
other good refreſhment; Phefants, Powrs, Quailes, Henns, Partrich;
(which were as acceptable) divers forts of graffe & roots, Wood-forrell,
three-leav❜d-graffe, Bafil, Parfly, Mints, Spinage, Fennel, Annys, Radiſh,
Muſtard-feed, Tobacco, and fome others, which by a willing hand,directed
by an ingenious eye, may foone be gathered: brought hither, and here
fowne by Fernandus Lupius an honeft Portugall, in the yeare of our Lord
1509. whofe Country-men at this day dare hardly land there to over-ſee
their Seminary, or owne their labours; left the English or Hollander in
the churlish language of a Cannon queftion them. Anno 1588 Candiſh
our Country-man landed here in his circum-navigating the earth: I name
him in this refpect; he reports,he found here ftore of Lemmons, Orenges,
Pomgranads, Pomcitrons, Figgs, Dates,&c. but now are none of theſe
fruits growing there that I could fee or heare of,a Lemmon tree excepted;
and
to
1
LIB. 3
355
Saint Helena:
Afcention.
to conclude, here wee buried in the old Chappell our honeft Captaine
Andrew Evans: his deaths wound (as I have told you) was given him by a
fish at the Mauritius.
4974
Saint Hellena was a pleaſant place, but bad for us to ftay too long in:
after fix dayes.commorance, wee paid our reckning in a hearty Farwell,
and by benefit of a happy gale cut fwiftly the yeelding billowes in aNorth-
weft courfe; whereby, on the fixteenth of October wee made our felves
Nadyr to the Sunne, at that time in his Progreffe towards the Antartique
Tropick: our latitude was 13 deg.and 13 min: the third day after that we
got fight of Afcention lle, nam'd fo by Iohn de Nova in the yeare 1502: 'tis
removed South from the Equinoctiall Circle feven degrees, 40 minutes:
in circuit it is 30 English miles; from St.Hellens Ile removed feven hundred
and twenty little in it fave wood and water, obfervable.
On the feven and twentieth day we croft under the Equator; whence,
to nine degrees North latitude wee were pefterd with continuall Torna-
thes; a variable weather, compos'd of lowd blafts, ftinking fhowers,and
terrible thunders. The eleventh of November we were parallel to Cape
de Verd, and with the GORGADES, Ifles famouſed by antient Poets, wha
fay, that the three Gorgons, Medufa, Stenia, and Euryale, the daughters of
of King Phorcys Neptunes fonne here lived, and by the tranfcendent ex-
cellencie of their beauties (their yellow haires curling like Snakes, and
defhevelling about their naked fhoulders) turn'd the beholders into a ftu-
pid admiration, and by Ferfeus his report of that their faculty gave Poets
fome ground whereon to build their fiction. Leaving thofe, wee fteered
Weftward, and paſt by many parts of the New found world (as fome men
call it) Guiana, Florida, Virginia, Nova Anglia, (parts of Norumbega) and
the gulph of Mexico: where I have feated my felfe a while, and will de
fraud the Reader of fome patience, by travelling to find out the firſt Diſco
verer: a Queſtion not a little controverted.
Madoc ap Owen Gwyneth discovered America
above three hundred yeeres before
COLUMBUS.
A. Lbeit I have formerly in a line or two vindicated the honour of out
Country, loft in the greater part by protract of malitious time, and
want of well-willers to defend it; I defire to fpeak more largely here, and
give you the ground of my conjecture, That Madoc (fonne of Owyn 'Gwj-
Beth) diſcovered the Wefterne world now call'd America, three hundred
and odd yeares before Columbus not to detract from that mans worth,
but that the truth may prevaile,and the memory of our Heroick Country-
man revive having gafpt too long in hatefull ignorance and oblivion: for,
if analogie of language and authority of good Authors may be credited, it
may peradventure be accepted of, yea amongſt Critticks gaine entertain-
ment.
Zz
Ia
356
.3
America.
3
LIB. !
In the first place it may be asked whence Madock's refolution came. I
anfwer. From an innate defire to travell, and to avoid domeftique broiles
he put that in action which fome old prophetique fayings gave him light
and encouraged him in. 'Tis very like he had read Plato (for what part
of the world has ever more affected learning than the Brittans) who in his
Dialogue 'twixt Tymeus and Cricias, diſcourſes of a great vaft Ile, Weft
from the Atlantique Ocean, and named ATLAS: as bigg as Afia and
Africa put together. Some illumination hee had alſo out of Aristotle and
Theophraftus their Books of Rarities writ two thousand yeares agoe, re-
lating how fome Merchants paffing thorow the Straits of Gibralter, were
by tempeft driven whither wind and Sea compelled them, ſo farre Weſt
that they finally difcried land, but un inhabited: It may be 'twas fome of
the Azores: but what ere it was, it proved a Magnet of encouragement
to illure future Ages to difcover Weftward, and doubtleffe was a prime
cauſe of finding out the Wefterne Continent. Hanno alfo is fuppofed to
have landed there. Queftionleffe he adventured farre (far in regard they
had no Compaffe to returne by) into the Atlantique Seas; but which way
he fail'd is difputable: Weft,fome fay; fome fay, Southward. Pomponius
Mela and Lampridus affirme the land was South from Carthage hee difcove-
red; if South, then no part of the Weft-Indies: the Canary Iles perhaps,
the Atlantiades, the Gorgades, Afcention, or Saint Helens; who though
they carry not the Epithite of Great, yet the Novelty confidered, and the
Diſtance, the word great may be affected. Some (but I beleeve them not)
him to Madagascar: if that, hee difcovered a great Ile indeed; But
then fure he would have found out the Red Sea (not comparable to the
dangers he had paft, in doubling Cape Tormentofo) and made his journey
home, leffe dangerous. Virgil the beſt of Latine Poets, from fome vaci
cinating Notion feemes to point at it, in the 6. lib.nead, where hee pro-
phefies the vaſt extent of Cafar's Dominions.
carry
Iacet extra fydera Tellus
Extra Anni Solifq; vias, ubi cœlifer Atlas
Axem humero torquet,Stellis ardentibus aptum.
-
:
A Land beyond the Stars dothly,
And the Sunnes way; Atlas that beares the sky
The fire fit star-fraught Pole doth wheel therby
Which though Servius underſtand of the Sunne-burnt Ethiops; others
otherwiſe interpret it:inconfiderat Laudinus is one of them; who cannot be
perfwaded that any part of Ethiopia exceeds the Tropicks:an idle conceit;
and which in fol.Is.I have refuted: but ſee his reafon for it,the word extra
he moderates to pene extra,awitty comment. But Donatus parodically takes
Solem pro Die, and Annum pro Nočke, the Sun for Day,the Yeare for Nights
which granted, Virgil has neither prophecie nor wonder. The truth is (as
Lod. de la Cerda notes) the Poet meanes thus, Auguftus Cafar fhould con-
quer beyond Mount Atlas, a famous part of Afrique (Morocco now, ofold
Mauritania) not included within the burning Zone, out of which Apollo
never wanders,Extra fydera, nimirum Zodiaci; whence we gather that Vir-
gil meant not of America.
But, in a more perfect way, Seneca (Nero's Mafter) fore-tells the difco-
very (he conceales the place) in his Medæan Tragedy.
Venient
LIB.3
357
America.
The Time will one day be
(Ouided by providence) when you shall fee
The liquid Ocean to enlarge her bounds
And pay the Earth a tribute of more groundi
In ampleft measure; for the Sea-gods them
Shall fhew new worlds and rarities to men.
Yea; by bis leave, who all great acts commands
See Thule leffe North by farre,than other lands.
Venient Arinis
Secula feris, quibus Oceanus
Vincula rerum laxet &ingens
Pateat Tellus, Typhiſque novos
Detegat orbes,nec fit terris
Vltima Thule.
Madoc from thefe lights difcerned it: And leaft any may thinck the
man to whom we erect a Trophy of fo great honour, an obfcure or illite-
rate man, not worth a memory; let's in a line or two fpeak his difcent and
quality, and then the particulars of his voyage.
He was brother to Prince David, fonnes of that famous Owen-Gwynedd
Prince of Wales, who for above thirty yeeres governed wifely, with great
courage and good fortune: his Father was Gruffith ap Conan that did ho-
mage for fome lands in England, to William the Conquerour at S. Davids:
and defcended lineally from King Rodri Mawr (or Roderic the great) glo-
rious in many conflicts and victories against the favage Saxon; in thofe
foure great battells efpecially,at Berthen,Bangelu, Monegid, and Angle fea; in
the yeere from Adam 4820: from the nativity of our Bleffed Saviour 846.
fuch time as Burchred King of Mercia, athelwolfe King of the Weft-Sayffes,
Meiric and other valiant Princes by fad tryall found him fortunate: which
fuffice to illuftrate Madock's quality,every way exceeding honourable.
It followes why they put to Sea upon difcovery. The Annalls of thofe
times (to this day happily preferved) tell us, That fo foone as Owen Guy-
wedd (or Venedotia) was dead; the cuftome of Gavelkind (which has con-
founded Wales) became a Subject of implacable hate amongft his fonnes,
Iorwerth (or Edward, firnamed Dwrgndwn, from his broken nofe) Howel
and David; whofe peculiar ambition banifht all generall kinds of love
due amongst friends and brethren. Iorwerth, albeit he was eldeft, was held
incapable of the Crowne in refpect of his lameneffe and other deformi-
ties: Howel alſo was thought unworthy by reafon his Mother was an Iriſh
Lady, with which Nation they had then fome difference: David had leaſt
right by law of Nature and Nations, being youngeft; howbeit, by his
comly perfonage, his skill in Armes, but principally by marrying Emme
Plantaginet, filter to King Henry the fecond, hee got the Scepter into his
hands, and fwayed it as beft liked him: yet the Crowne tottered upon his
head, till in a victory against his brethren wherein Hoell was flaine, hee
fitted it better and faftned it. But a fupream power and Juftice would not
eſtabliſh it againſt right and reafon, for fo foone as Llewellyn (Torwerths
fonne and right heyre) was capable to graſp it, hee drew many of Davids
men to his party (fuch is the vulgars levity)promifing them great matters;
and ayded by Howell ap Meredith and Conan ap Owen his active kinfmen,
Davidunwillingly defcends from his Princely Seat, and Llewellyn is feated
Anno Domini 1194 ; not without much blood-fhed and diſtraction of the
wifeft.
Madoc ap Owen Gwyneth perceives the Normans ready to fwallow them
Zz 2
}
(for
358
LIB. 3
America
J
(for nothing more deftroyes a Nation than divifion :) and that his advice
nor propofitions of peace were harkned to, but rather by fuch good of
fices made himſelfe the object of their furie; he thence-forth ſtudies his
owne preſervation, but fees no part of his native home-glance any happi-
neffe, but every where horror and deftruction; his genius therefore
prompts him to adventures, yea to haft aboard, in ſome remote place or
other to establish his prefent ftate and future happineffe; no fhew of feare,
no improbability in reafon, no peradventures any whit difaminating his
well-temper'd fpirit,to Sea therfore he meant to go and prepares fpeedily:
for at that inftant hee faw that Prophetique fong penned by Ambrofe Te-
leffen a noble Bardh fulfilled; writ in the yeere 490, fuch time as Aurelius
Ambrofius,brother to Vther-pen-Dragon arrived here(from Armorica)to re-
venge them upon the uncivill Saxons: the Bardh vaticinating that when
they fell to Idolatry, to difcord, or to admit ftrange people among them,
that then the Brittifh glory fhould be Eclipfed.
Eu Nar a folant
Eu hjaith a gadwant
En tir a gothlant
ond gwyllt Wallia
In Latin this
:
Vfque laudabunt Dominum creantem
Vfque fervabunt idioma linguæ
Arvaque amittunt fua cuncta
præter Wallica rura
Whiles Cambrya's iffue ferve the Lord their maker,
Whiles with no other Language are pertaker,
Whiles fo, with glory they their own ſhall keep,
Whiles other Nations in oblivion ſleep.
:
Teleyſſen at the ſame time and in the fame fong joynd this other invective,
reproving the pride and avarice of the Clergie, who to defpight the Welsh
had given out that Auften the Monck, fent hither by Pope Gregory
the great, was their firft Converter; ignorant it feemes,or rather wilfully
malitious, that our Country-men had embraced Chrift (long before Aus
ften's time) by the preaching of Iofeph of Arimathaa and Symon Zelotes;
and thence came that religious boaft, that they excelled all the world for
three things, having the firft Chriftian King, Emperour, and Monaftery
in the world; Lucius, Conftantine, and Bangor. The Song is this.
Gwae'r offeiriad byd
Nis angreifftia gwyd
ac my phregetha
Gwae ng cheidw eggail
Ac eff on Vigail
ac my's arcilia
Gwae ny theidw ey ddevaid
Rhae bleidhie, Rhufeniaid
a' ï'ffon g'umppa
Woe be to that Prieft Y-borne
That will not cleanly weed his corne,
and preach his charge among.
Woe be to that Sheepheard 1 fay
That will not watch his fould alway
as to him doth belong.
Woe be to him that doth not keep
From Romiſh Wolves his filly ſheep
with ſtaffe and weapon ftrong.
Madoc the rather confirmed his intentions for travell, when hee faw
ſuch diſtraction at home, ſuch apoſtaſy in all callings; alfo his life every
day
LIB.3
359
America.
day in danger: all things therefore being fitted, he put to Sea without bid-
ding his kindred farewell, leaft too much love or hate might have with-
drawne him. The yeere he fet forth in, was from Adam s140. from Chrift
1170. the wind and ſea feemed to favour him (Omens of good fortune:)
fo as, after fome patience and weeks faile due Weft, hee defcried land, a
land where he found ftore of good victualls, fweet water, fresh ayre, gold,
(and which was beft) where they were a good whiles healthfull fuch,
as over-whelmed him with joy, but moderated when he confidered how
Almighty God was alike powerfull and gratious in all places: his exile
now turned into comfort. In leiw of ingeminating his owne mifery, hee
joyes himselfe,and fees his brothers moſt unhappy Princes; who fo eagerly
emulated one anothers greatneffe: a Territory caufing it, which compa-
red which this,God had directed him to, was but as a handfull of earth,and
which he had poffeffion of without oppofition or bloodfhed. Here Madoc
planted (in Florida or Canada, fome part of Mexico) rais'd fome fortificati-
ons for defence, left a hundred and twenty men (I follow the old Copie,
in this Storie) and directly by Gods providence (the beft compaffe) and
benefit of the Pole ftarre after long faile arrived fafely at home; where,
hee recounted his mervailous fuccesfull voyage, the fruitfulneffe of the
foile, the fimplicity of the Savages, the great wealth abounding there, and
facility of Conqueft: a difcourfe that filrd them with joy and admiration;
and whereby hee drew many willing minds to returne with him. In ten
good Barques, loaded with all neceſſary provifions they advanced back,
and moſt fortunately re-attained the fame place they hoped for. Great re-
joycing was among them at that their happineffe, but ho leffe forrow fol-
lowed: for, being come to the Plantation, they found few of thofe they
left there, living: caufed by too much eating, the indifpofition or Novel-
ty of that ayre and climate, (which though never ſo excellent, yet caufes
fickneffe and alteration in new Inhabitants) by ſome trecherie of the Bar-
barians. Madoc digeſted it with a Chriftian fortitude and patience, and
forth-with bettered the Colony, by help of Eneon and Edwall his brothers
contriving every thing with fo good order, that they were fecure from
any Enemie, and had all things conducing to eafe, plenty, and contented-
neffe: they threw away the too indulgent thoughts of their Native homes,
by this reaſon, that if they died there, they were in the fame diſtance from
heaven, and had as eafie a journey thither: what moft afflicted them was
the breach of promife, many of their friends had made but not performed.
The cauſe was not in them, but in the overture of that ſtate turn'd topfie-
turvie by the Brittaine Princes, and totally by the indifcretion of that un-
happy Prince Lluellyn ap Griffith, (lately married to Eleoner, daughter of
Monteford the bold Earle of Lecefler and Eleoner daughter of King Iohn)
which Gruffyth was flaine Anno 1282 at Buelbt by Franckton an English
man in an unmanly fashion. So that Madoc and his Company returned no
more, nor did the Welsh faile thither afterward, whereby one of another
in ſmall time were in fonie fort forgotten and never remembred.
But although Madoc and his Cambrian crew are dead and their memo
ry moath-eaten; yet the foot-fteeps and reliques of their former living
there are to be traced and fuch, as deſerve to be revived clearly: the lan
guage
350
LIB. 3
America...
guage they left there, the religion they taught the Savages, manifefted it;
otherwife how come thofe many Brittish words (not much altred from the
dialect) amongſt the Mexicans? whence had they the ufe of Beads, of
Crucifixes, of Reliques &c ? all which the Spaniards (as we read in Lopez
de Gomera and others) confeffe they found amongſt the Canibals, and thoſe
of Acujano, and Culhuacan at their firft landing in America. Yea, fome tra-
dition and reports amongst the Mexicans, that (about the time that Madec
was there a ſtrange people came thither inCorraughs orShips, who taught
them fome knowledge of God, and by whofe examples they became
more civill and induftrious: teftified by Columbus, Francifcus Lopez, Coz-
tezo, Poftellus and other Caftilians of quality; that of Fernando Cortez,
(Anno Domini 1519 Ambaffador and Generall for Ferdinand and Ifabell)
is alfo remarkable. In fome difcourfe betwixt him and Mutezuma (ſecond
fonne of Antzol, and Father of Quebutimec laft King of Mexico,) the
Ambaffador obferving the Indians to have many ceremonies the Spaniards
uted, demanded of the King who firft inftru&ted them, who answered Cor
tez, That many yeeres ago a ftrange Nation landed there, a civill people,
and from examples of piety they received them; but how they were cal-
led, or whence they came he could not fatisfie him. Another time, in an
Oration of thanks which Mütezuma returned them for fome favours, hee
thus told them. One.chiefe caufe of my eſpeciall affection to your Nati-
on is this; I have many times heard my Father fay, hee heard his Grandfire
ferioufly affirme (out of a continued tradition) That not many Deſcents
above him, his Progenitors came thither as ftrangers by accident, in com-
pany of a Noble man, who abode there a while and then departed, but
left many of his people behind him, and that upon his returne, moft of
thofe he left, died: and that from him or fome of them they thought they
themſelves difcended. A ſpeech agreeing with our Narration: and that
this people were Welsh rather than Spaniards, or others, the Records of
this voyage writ by many Bardhs and Genealogifts confirme it; memoriz'd
alfo by thoſe learned Poets Cynwric ap Grono and Guten Owen (who lived
in Edward the fourths time) and by Sir Meredithap Reefe a valiant and lear-
ned man,living in the yeare 1477. and of Madoc in this Eulogie.
Madoc wif' mwydic wedd;
Iawn genau Owen Gwynedd
Ni funnum dyr, fyenaid oedd
Nada Mawr, ond y'm oroedd.}
Madoc ap Owen was I call'd';
·
Strong, tall, and comly, not inthrall'd
With home-bred pleaſure,but to Fame,
Through Land and Seas I fought the fame.
Made more orthodoxall by Welsh names given there to birds,rivers,rocks,
beaſts,&c. as Gw'rando (with as and them,) fignifying to give care unto or
hearken: Pen-gwyn, referd by them to a bird that has a white head,and to
rocks of that refemblance: the Iles,Chorrkoefo: the Cape of Britain:Gwyn-
dowr, white-water: bara, bread: Mam, Mother: Tate, Father: dowr, wa-
ter: pryd, time: Bu or Buch, a Cow: Clugar, a Heathcock: Llynog,a Fox:
wy, an egg: Calaf, a quill: Trayn, anofe: Nef heaven; and others, Welfh
words, and of the fame fignification: whereby, in my conceit, none fave
detra&ting Opinionatifts, can juftly oppoſe ſuch modeſt teftimonies and
proofes
LIB. 3
361
America_.
proofes of what I wish were generally allowed of. Nor is it a phantafie
of yesterday, many worthy men of late and antient times have revived it:
fuch are Cynwric ap Grono, Meredith ap Rhyce, Guten Owen, Lloyd, Powell,
Pris, Hackluit, Broughton, Parchas, Davys,&c. Enough to fatisfie the wel-
willers of truth, too much for Zoilifts and fuch as delight in oppoficion.
This, no doubt had it beene ſo deſervedly knowne and Catholiquely be
leeved as it merited; then had not Chriftopher Columbus (a man in truth,
honourable and induſtrious) Americus Veſpufius, Magellan, nor others ca-
ried along with them all the honour in fo great an enterpriſe: Nor had
Prince Madoc beene defrauded of his memory, nor our Kings of their juft
right and Title to the Weft Indyes (a fecret fate as it were miraculouſly
renuing their claime by Columbus his proffering the diſcoverie and wealth
of thoſe Countries to our King H. 7.) nor then had his Holineffe, nor his
Catholique Majeftie had that plea nor immediate Intereft grounded upon
the Genoans difcovery, as many Jefuits and State-politiques have fo ve-
ſo`ve-
hemently, fo late difputed for. Farre be it from me or any honeft man to
detract Columbus, or to derogate from his deferved glory: It may be his
difcovery was (as Madocks was) meerely from his owne skill, genius, and
magnanimity, without knowledge of Madocks former being there,or of en-
couragement from old conjectures: his greateſt reafon I know, was that
fo much of the 360 degrees could fcarce be Ocean.& that he might as well
diſcover Weftward as the Portugalls had done Eaft to the other Indies.
But this I would withall have also granted, That this his voyage was after
the other (of our Country-man) three hundred and two & twenty yeares ;
and that the Spaniards have not ſo much right to thofe Countries (I meane
of America) as our King has; fo long as they arrogate their claime from a
primier diſcovery.
Columbus was borne at Cugureo (at Nervi ſome ſay) not far from Genoa:
a man of a modeft nature, ftudicus, and well read in the Mathematiques :
and of that, chiefly in Navigation: His first encouragement of going Weft
upon diſcovery, grew (as fay the Spaniards) from his perufing an Ephe-
merides writ by a Spaniſh Mariner, who had beene forced into the Weft
Indies by tempeft, and died at Columbus his houſe upon his arrivall: this is
a Spaniſh lye, invented meerely to derogate from his worth, and that an
Italian fhould not mafter ſo much glory. Whither columbus had any illu-
mination from old Poets,or that he had feene or heard of Madocks journey
Weftward, who knowes: for, what Nation formerly knew not the acts of
Engliſh-men better than themfelves: otherwiſe, Polidore Virgil that craf-
tie Monck had not undertooke to illuftrate (to his and our fhame) the
English Cronologic, nor Verftegan (alias Rowley)dar'd to make us all Teu-
tonicks; from both which wee fuck too many egregious falfhoods. Co-
lumbus armed with much confidence, fends his brother to our King Henry
the ſeventh, the wifeft in his time and moſt noble, if too much avarice had
not ſwayed him: whofe ill hap it was to flight the Meſſenger and his Mef-
fage, from his incredulous heart and the poverty of Columbus, who in hiş
paffage had been imprisoned by Rafcalls, and nakedly (after much intreaty)
delivered. Upon the Kings refufall, he defired the French King to Patro-
nize it, but hee (hearing that King Heary had refuſed) derided him, who
had
362
LIB. 3
America_.
Azores.
had beene for ever difcouraged, had not Ferdinando the Spanish King (af-
ter long fuit) accepted of the motion, and trufted him with two hundred
men in two fmall Ships, at the earnest fait of Iohn Perez de Marchena, at
that time Rector of the Monafterie of Rabida, a great Mecenas to induftri-
ous men: with which, after threefcore dayes faile, much impatience, and
no leffe ftirre to quiet the difcontented Spaniards, Columbus defcried land,
that part call'd Guanahami, but by Colon new nam'd Saint Salvador, a part
of Mexico, (very neere where Madoc had firſt landed;) a diſcovery no
leffe joying them, than as if thereby they had got the Conqueft and Em-
pire of all the world: a Prize fo worthy, that from that yeare 1492 to this,
they have brought home no leffe gold and filver, than all Europe enjoyed
formerly. Columbus died in the yeare 1506, in his fourth returne out of
the Indyes. But of his forrowes afterwards, and of the Spaniards ingrati-
tude to him; their pride to all the world, and cruelty to the miferable
Indyans; thou maift fatisfie thy felfe at large in their owne and other
Hiftories.
AB. Dom. 1497 Americus Vespucius a Spaniard (before his Voyage in-
to the Orient) adventures South; where with fmall toyle or ftudie hee
found land enough (but part of the Continent formerly diſcovered) to
glut his ambition: howbeit, as if Colon had done nothing in reſpect of him,
conceiting his endeavours more tranfcendently meretorious, hee dares to
call the whole Continent (reaching almoft from one Pole to another)
from his own name, America: injuriouſly affumed, and unwifely followed
by other Nations; who if they had given every man his due, had more rea-
fon to have called it Madocya, Nova Brittauia, Colonia, or Columba (for to
Noah's Dove he may be likened :) but we fee, by Epidemic affent the fu-
percilious Spaniard has got the honour of it: yea, thrives better than did
Bat hillus the Poetaftor, who thought to have defrauded Virgil of his ela-
borate Poem; and fome there be (yet thoſe not envious) that with his re-
ward agreeable: for, they are Furtivi colores ( Americus) you are cloathed
with. Magellan failes more Southerly than vefpucius, in the yeare 1519
thorow that Fretum or Strait, with good reafon called Magellane. A hun-
dred Others have fince that laboured in the like harveft, and reaped leve-
rall Epethites of honour, memorizing (and not unworthily) their Names
in freſh diſcoveries of Ports, hills, rivers, rocks,&c. Only hee that moſt of
all deſerved it, is diferted, left out, Madoc,who fleepes in reft, more happy
in his lafting quiet than the bubble of vainc-glory. Howbeit, fuch as love
his memory cannot paffe by fuch living monumens of his defervings (of
which number I am one) in the Indyes, without fome fmall Effay of their
affections: But I am neither able nor worthy to fpeake in ſuch a fubje&:
and therfore wiſh a betterAuthor,who in a better method may revive him
clearelier. In magnis, voluiffe fat eft. Let's homewards now, for we have
too farre wandred; tired in a double Travell; of fcorching and intempe-
rate Zones, and of too great prefumption in your patience.
Being off at Sea, the beginning of December wee got fight of the
Azores, Flemmiſh or Weſterne Ilands, (by fo many feverall names they
are call'd by ſeverall Nations:) but wee got not thither without much
Strugling with adverfe winds, and fome tempefts. The Flemmings cha-
lenge
LIB. 3
363
Azores.
A
lenge them for theirs, and fay, That a Merchant of Bruges intending Anno
1449 to goe for Lysbon, was by force of ill weather driven upon theſe
Ilands; that they peopled, & named them. At this day,they are comman-
ded by a higher power, the Portugall: they are nine in number, Tercera,
Saint Michael, Saint George, Saint Mary, Pyco, Fayall, Graciofa, Flores, and
Corvo, all of them included 'twixt 38 and 40 degrees: Nam'd Azores from
the many Ayeries of Goſhawks found there. Ortelius (in the behalfe of
his owne Country) wrefts the name from Efferer to dry or wither: the
old one (knowne to antient Cofmographers) was Vxiana: the Ilands alfo
have their peculiar denominats; Tercare, from a three-fold _partition:
Fayall, from Beach trees: Flores and Corso, from Flowers and Crowes t
Pjce,from its piramidall fhape and height. The reft are named from Saints,
fuch as the Portuguize then thought on. Ofthefe, Tercara is the greateß,
if not the fruitfulleft: it abounds with Oyle, Wine, Corne,Oade,Fruits,&c.
Her beſt Towne, is Angra; beſt Fort, Brazil; her Haven, bad to anchor
in. This Ile is moft famous for a defenfive warre the Prior Don Antonie,
Titulary King of Portugall, commenc't, and a good while held out againft
the infatiate Spaniard, who finally got that and the reft of Don Antonio's
Territories; by fword they forced them, but claimed both by blood and
Conqueft; as Cuneſtagio in his Union of the two Crownes Spaine and Pør-
tugall, treats of.
Lea dist
پر
St Goorge
ES-E
Flores
E by N
Pyco
Fay all
ESE
Gyratiofa
Pico is higheſt, though not greateft; above five miles (fome fay) it monnes
into the ayre, and is ſo oft invelloped with foggs and clouds, that but ſel-
dome her head or peake can be diſcovered: it exceeds not ten miles cir
cuit, is for the moft part compos'd of Sulphur; which many times confta
grates; for, within are fome concremated vaft Caves, where the ayre in-
flames, and from thence evaporate fmoke and flame, and belch out Brim-
ftone: below, are umbragious shades, and chil-cold rivolets, into which
when the vomited fire is forced,thofe oppofite elements eccho forth their
diſcontent-
Asa
1
364
LIB. 3
Azores.
diſcontentments not in filent murmurs: fome of theſe Iles have taſted ad-
verſe fortune; yea, became proftrate to the Engliſh bravery: fuch time
as that valiant Earle of Effex (Generall and Admirall of her late Majefties
Forces) to retaliate the Spaniard for his intentions in 88, arrived here in
the yeare of grace 1597, landed in their defpight,and did what pleafed him;
he allo made Flores and Corvo to curſe the ambition of the Spaniard; Saint
Michael allo; and out of Villa Franca tooke what was valuable; fo much as
amounted to foure hundred thoufand Duckets and upwards: moſt of
which, had eight yeere formerly yeelded to the mercie of that never to
be forgotten Heroe, George Earle of Cumberland: Fayall alſo in the yeare
after 88 enobled his good fortune and victory; and in the yeare 1597 was
fackt by Sir Walter Raleigh, whiles Pico became a prey to other Engliſh-
men: ere wee lofe fight of thefe Iles, remember wee that the antient ac-
count of the firft Meridian is transferd hither from the Canarges or fortu-
nate Ilands; for, 'twixt Flores and Corvo the Needle feeles no Variation,
in all other parallels encreafing. From thefe Iles, by an Eaft courfe wee
quickly entred the Cantabrian Seas, where (when wee thought all danger
paft) a violent ftorme threatned us with no fmall danger, for thrice foure
and twenty houres bluftering with fuch rage that we could make no faile,
but in defpight of Helme and Mifen forced us upon Uthents point in Brit-
tany (a marittime part of France, Armorica of old; but now (in memory of
their deſcent from us) call themſelves Brittans, Brittanauts: ere long the
ftorme abated, and in few watches we attained fight of our long-lookt for
Ithaca: the rather that thefe Relations (the iffue of youth and haſte)
might find acceptance from that moſt noble Lord the Earle of Pembroke
Lord Steward,&c. (now with God,) and my Lord of Powys ; from
encouragements I affected Travell; whofe memory I
honour, and whofe love merits my acknowledgement.
To conclude, wee got fafe to Plymouth;
whofe
where (not without great caufe)
wee gave God thanks for
our fafeties.
Reditný, fuo fingula gaudent.
FINIS
AN ALPHABETICALL
A
TABLE: WHEREIN THE NAMES
of Men are diftinguiſhed by a different
A
CHARACTER.
Bbas, King of Perfia, takes Canda-
fol his font at
bor, fol 81. his rigour at Spahawn
rigour at Spahawn
160. Cartefie to the English Ambass.
171.His fevere Iuftice 171 & 172 His
cruelty to his fonne, from 173 to 176.
be conquers Larry-Ioon 187.& Sheer
Van 200 Hu letter in favour of fome
English Gentlemen 205.deſcribed 205.
dep cled 207 his Titles 208. paralleld
with other Monarchs 209. his Reve-
#ue 225, 242. domestique policie, &c.
242, 24
K.Abdalla fine by the Portugall 315
Abdul-cawn an Indian Vmbrave enters
Decan 76. expulft by ftratagem ib, is
made Vice-Roy of Kalpi and Kboor 77
destroyes the Coolyes ib, ferves Sulian
Currown in the warres of Decan 79.
paffes Bellagate ib. his fonne married to
Æthiopia
Agamia
224
60.153
167,271
280
Agra 59. the Castle built ib, and 62. de-
fcribed
A hafuerus
Ahawaz
Aladules K.of Anti-Taurus flaine 288
Alborrs
Albuquerq
Alcabam Mecca
Alcanzar
186
108,121,114
135,280
266
Alexander the great 129,181,201,216,
218 220,271
Alexandria
Alliavar
Amadavad
Amazons
771
167
61,62,77
II
Ambass of Persia poyfons him/elfe 35
Ambal of England lands in Perfia 120
Ambaff. of the great Mogul
the great Moguls grand-child 81.imbaff. to the Perſian,
made Generall against she Perfians ib
and Governour of Gonjurat 84.his Eu-
nuch baffled 85. himselfe vanquißht by
Saffycawn 87.hu fonne impriſoned 88. }·
be takes Ioonpore 90. diffention'twixt
him and Radjè Rhyem ib. he is beaten
from Elabafs ib. and at Brampore 93
forfakes Currowne 96.is difgraced 103
restored to grace againe
Abdulcheries Tragick end
Abdul-Fazel Alaine
107
202
104
77
Ambaff.of Chyna into Ferfie
Ambaff. of England dyes
209
204
Amber
332
Amboyna
331
Aminda
273
|
Amnadagar.
67.69.79,82
Amnobant
148
Amurath the grand Seignior invades Per-
fia 200, is forced thence
Anamogery
ib.
86
71
Ancira
277
Angels
264
Angola
9,10
Amewar
69
dyespoyſoned 280, accursed by the late
Perfianreformation
Annanas
298
269 |
Antipodes
6
Abulghar
55
Anti-Taurus
137.287
Acheen in Sumatra
298.323
Auzar
57
Aden
31.110
Adſmeer
60, 61
Anzigui
Arabia
110.270
Aderbayon
Aelcama
Equator
56,57,192
Arabique
286
Aragus flu.
III
177.180
9
Ararat
AAA 2
51.185
Araxia
Abubocr fucceeds Maomet at Mecca
280. bis young daughter marries Mao-
met, and hee Maomets daughter 252.
THE TABLE.
I
Araxis
147.177.180.222
Arbaces
270.196.224
Balforac
Banda
Archan
280
Band- Ally
Ardaveil
185.292
Bander-Gumbrown
Arecca
298
Banges
110.113.290
331
124
121
73-78
Argaric Gulph
315
Aria
281
Bannians deſcribed 38,their religion from
41 to 47. opinion of the foule 122. 46.
Armağun
311313
303.304
Armenia whence named 151, how devi-
·Bannian tree
122
ded 152, their religionib, when con-
Bannaras upon Ganges
89.90
verted
274
Bannarow
131
Aro
56
Bannafoed
73
Aru
323
Bantam
324
Artaxerxes
271.272.273
Barag.
III
Arzan
184
Barfrush-de
177.181
Arzenion
285
Barnagaffe
30
Asaph
210 Baroch
61.82.87.88
Afcenfion Ile
355
Baronge
318
Aßbaraff
167.177 Baronta
210
Aſſempore
$6 | Baruke
323.332
Aftiages
270,271 | Baſbra
280
Aſſepose
148 Baffoweer
Astra-can
179.180
Battacala
84.100
299
Attack
98.100
Batan
331
Atlantiq, Ocean
Batts
2
347
Atlantiades
8.15
Baut
163
Atlas
2.4
Baze-bacom
Atlas Maurus
223
Atropatia
192 foned
Bebey a Lady beats the Mogul 67. poy-
133.148
Auguftus Cæfar
70
271 Bedar
Avicennaes birth-place
184 Behar
76
Aurdenagar
76 | Bebat fl:
69
66.69
Author's ſickneſe
222 | Begun
Aurea Cherfonefus
314 333 Belgian Mount
Anva
319.320
Bellaguate
Aydar
Aygar
286
Bellizarius
76.79.94
210
$5
J
Belochus
274
55
Azemia
Axfacher
Azores Iles
224
Belſhazzar、
270
193
285
Bemermaffin
463
Bengala
331
Benjamin
63.89.90,94 99.312
Benomotapa
B
Berar 68./ubjected
332
9
77.79.82.103
Berry
Ab-mandel
Bab
Babur great Mogal
Babylon
Bactria
31
216.224,271,273 | Bezarr
Bacu
Badafhan
Badur's Pilgrimage
Baezd
Bagdat 218. whence named
Balaam the Edomite
Balk
69 Beyramghano-cawn flaine
177 Bimberry high mountains in Indoftant
177 | Bunny and Guinea
219.280. Bipilipatan
283 Biscay
306 Bisnagor
1
58.184.281.286 | Bizabda
66.74
134
8
309
2
312
273
Bizanth
Berodach Baladan King of Afur 193
130
59
192 Bildith
331
177
58.65
58 Bindamir fl.
THE TABLE.
275.178 | Cape Rozelgate
Bizanth
109.113
Bizdebode
215 Cape Verd
00
Bobbaw-hodgee
132
Cape Palmas
8
Bochar
184 | Carraculia
152.
Bombyca
273
Carcash
224
Bonavista
8 Carravans raw depicted
194
Bonay
Booby
101
Cafhan
213
II
Capian Sea
180
Borneo
312. 314.324. 3?1
Cafpia
177
Bowbentalow
86
Capian ftraits
165
Boyall
:
148
Caffimeer conquered 65. defcribed 66,
Brachmans antiquity
40
89.78.90
Brama
316.319.320
Caffon
177
Brampare
60.67.70. 93.82
Cafta
313
Brin-Iohn
·
299, 305
Castle Iland
25
Brodera
86.87.88.107
Cathaya
337
Buccary
90
Bucker
79 90
Cattatinga
Caucafus
323
$5.66.185
Buldat
215
Cazbyn
Celebes
196
329
107
177
C
109
Calamba woodi
297
137. 287
Bullochy eldest sonne to Prince Curferoo
impriſoned 98. relieved 100. crownd
Emperour of Induſtant 105. murdred
at Labore
Bundama fl:
С Alajate
C
Calderan plaines
Celarca Queene of Perfia baptiz'd 276
Chacoporo
177.181
Chandis
68. 103
Chira
194
Chatighan
90
Ghedorlaomar
217.233.269
Chery
69
Cherfam
69
Caleture
311
Chefel fl:
180
Callamina
310
Chilmanor
144. 146
Callicut 299.defcribed
302
Chiulpha
137
Calpi
69 | China 312, 306. pride of their Kings
Cambaleck
56
309.299
Cambalu
337
Chiraef
143
Cambaya
59.61.82. 103. 108.
Chiringin
324
Cambogia
312.316.333
Cambyna
339
Choul 34. 67, 108. 295, 296. 299.
Chriftians in Socotora
31
Cambyfes
270
in Perfia
152
Camelion
23
in India
304
Camplon Gaurus
109
Chryfoborca
65
Canaria
3.4
Chytor
60.102
Cananore
299
Conftandel-cawns villany 290.291
Candaces Eunuch
306
Cingis.cawn his birth and fortunes 55.
Candabor 81. besieged 134.224.290.
56
Candy
306
Cinnamon
308
Cangra taken
78
Civit
332
Canso
29
Cloves
330
Cantam
336
Co-Araxes
147
Can Affem goes Ambaff. from India to
Perfia 77. bravely intertained
Coat-armour of Perfia
230
ib.
Coafpes fl.
232
Cape fa
276
Cocos
29.318
Cape Comory
108.299.308
Colchis
152.167
Cape of good Hops
12.10 19
Columbo
307
Cape de Agvilhas
19
Columbus
36г
Cape fulfo
19.14
Colume of headsin Spahawn
161
Cape Roma
21
Commefoam
148
Coome
THE TABLE.
Coome deſcribed 212, that it was Heca-
tompylon, rather than Spahawn. ibid
Conny Ile
12
Congo
352
Conto
330
Corafan
Carca fl.
Connack
55, 58, 183, 184, 281.
177
177
Cormandell
65, 308, 312, 345
Corranda
215
Corbet and Corryn
1014
Corea
333
Coriats error 132. his grave
Corvo
364
Coftack
Cofumbay
Cotton
Coughton
Cawrestan
Cowlam
35
113
87
325
132
125.280
299 303
Cozrhoe King of Perfia 192, his Tuls
208
Cozrhoes a Tyrant of Perfia breakes
faith with the Chriftians 274. ravu
hes a Chriftian Lady, and the Nymphs
of Daphne ib, spoilés Armenia ib. es
vanquished by the Christians 275.
Cozrhoes King of l'erfia, a parricide
flies to Bizanth 275. is reſeated by
meanes of the Chr. Emp. 276. he and
his Court are baptized i be ap futiles
ib.takes the Crole fromlerufalem 277
is beaten by the Rom. Emp, who burnes
his Idols ib. hi 3 Armies are confoun-
ded 278. he dyes defperately
Craffus vanquisht by the Parthians 211
Cranganor
cawn 83. flies to Mewat 84 by Affaplı.
cawns means is pardoned, but rebells
againe ib. is beat by hts brother Sul-
tan Perwees at Mando, and flies onto
Decan 88, he forrages Bengala,Purop,
and beyond Ganges 89. eſcapes a great
danger 90. he takes Rantas and Tzin-
ner ib. is wounded and nis army put to
flight 91. flies to Potan 92. to Gul-
cunda 93.to Decan ib.befieges Bram-
pore 93. flies into Decan 94. bearing
that his father was imprisoned he mar-
ches to Afmeer and is banisht Agra
99.expulst Tutta ib. again flies into
Decan 102. receives joyfully Maho-
bet-cawn 10,. under whoje condu&t
bee speeds to Agray and challenges
the Crowne 106 by foule murther ob-
taines it and alters his Name to Sul-
tan-Shu-Bedin Maomet, &e. ib.
Anbaſſ. falute him ib. plague, famin,
and rebellion pursue him 18. his cor-
ronation celebrated by the English at
Surat.
Curricurre depicted
108
314
Curferoon or Guſhroo fonne to the great
Mogul aimes at the Crown 72. is par❤
doned but flies away ib, is beaten 73.
flies to Labor ib. taken and impriſoned
74.his miferies 73. lookt to by Affaph-
cawn and cawn-lehan 78. murdered
80 much lamented
Cufcuzar
ibe
Crater
Crocodile
Ctesiphon
Cuface
Cumber
Cuncam
Curiate
148
279
| Cufiftan
fut-bobb.n
Cyrapolis
56.299
132.133
299 | Cyrus King of Perfia
134.270
333 | Cyrus fl:
177.180
313
275.279
III
331
D
56.290
D Dabys
Alul
34.67.295.299
335
77
35
III
69
192
34 67.295
108. 299
286
!
III
Curroon (youngest fon to Sha-Selim
late great Mogul) to make bu Ne-
phewes incapable of the Crowne makes
them be christned 75. hee changes bis
name 79. is made Generall against the
Decans ib.fubjects Berar and Chan-
dis 79. rec.Tribute from the King of
Gulcunda ib. his ambitious defigues
89.rebels 81. indeavours to rob nis
Fathers Exchequer, but is frustrated
ib. fights with his fathers Army at
Delly sb. is vanquisht by Manober-
Coho, Coploa, Coffee -
241.1
Dacck
Damky
Damarcana
Damiadee fl:
Dimoan 183. defcribed
Dimon
Danda-Radjeporce
Durghan
Darius Medus
Darius Nothus & Codomanus
Daultabat
Dayta
Deacom
193
271
76.88 93
106
129.133
Decan
THE TABLE;
咳
​Decan 55,67,68,70,79,299
Decans vanquisht by the Mogul 67 bea-
ten againe 76. they recover their loffes
93.and beat the Moguls Lefcar
103
89
· 1333 748
324
179 |
55
190
hefeafts the English Ambassador 139.
his revenue ib. visits the Ambaff. 140.
is beheaded
206
Emir-Hamze-Mirza, fonne to King Ma-
omet Codabanda, vanquishes both
Tarks and Tartars 201. enters Casbyn
in triumph ib. his valour and many
victories 289 is poyfoxed
English Ambaſſador lands in Perfia 120.
entertained by the Sultan of Gumbroon
121. feaſted at Shyraz 138, gallantly
welcommed at Spakawn 150. hee vifits
the Prince of Armenia 151,has his au-
dience at the Caspian Sea 168. injur'd
by Maomet Ally-bogg 202. difconten-
ted ib. at Cazbyn dyes, and is folemnly
Debäca™
Digardoo
Delly 58,60,68,99.
Delphins
Demyr Cape
De-Moxalbeg
148
Derbent 177, 196, defcribed 201
Deylan..
192
D'haft
Dia and Dar 18
323
Diarbec 56,208,224,287,290
Digarroys23,341,343
Dilemon
281
Dilementhes
288
Din
108
Dint
·82
Doab
59
into Mexico
Dodo's
i
·347
Ere
Dover
Drake
8
Duradura
318
Duroyen
Düz-gun
E
+1
EEcbars, crowned great Mo
buried
Englands Forrest
204
343.35x
Encon& Edwallonnes of Owen Gwy-
ned, faile with Madoc their brother
Earles of Cumberland
Of Pembroke
of Effex
298 | Efcar-Mecron
125
Aft India
Ecbarr,crowned great Moguls.con-
quers Doab ib. goes on a Rummery or
Pilgrimage to Afmeer 61. Subjects
Bengala, Kantam-pore; and Patan63.
Eftacher
356
177 289
5,364
364
ibid
280
148
Etamon Dowlet accuſed by his flave, and
difgrased 74.by his daughters high ado
vancement he is pardoned: restored 75.
and buried 80
Etñizaria
divers Kings dee him homage by bee Farghan
conquers Caſmeer 66, and Hafferr 69.
pardons the infolence of his fonne Sha-
Selym 70. afflicted with the death of his
two fonnes Amurath and Dhaen-ba67
71. buries his mother 71. beats his re-
bellious fonne72.unhappily poysonedib.
Eccliffar
Farrabaut
363
$4
|
224
Euphrates fl. 56,217.218.221. 226, 278.
282
F
Alcata
333.335
184.286
177.178
Fatima's Sepulcher
212
Fayall
Faza
Pettipore
134
60.62.73.90
1102
Ferro
3
152
Firando
76 Fitz-Herbert
362
Florida
333
16
355
Flore's
223
280
322
262
280
Elam
Elcadifia
Elephant
Elmedin in Caldes
TII
Elſheer facks by Ben Abi-Vakez
Eltartha
Emangaly-cawn Archeduke of Shyraz
triumphs over Ormus 115. and Lar
126. bis Titles 136.dits 137.pride ib.
Flemmiſh Iles
Fresch K. Charles the great fends Am-
baſſadors into Perſia
Frons Africa
Funeralls of the Canarians.
Of the Anzigui
Of
of the Soldaniaes
THAS
17
Flying fifbes
Forte-Ventura
364
32
363
5
283
8
Ecmcazin
Ediſſa
Ebberam in Armenia
Elabaff built 65. 89. besieged 90.
THE TABLE.
Of the Bannians
45
Of the Perfees
53
Gulph of Arabia
of Bengala
Of the Gowers
162
Of Argarica
31
309
315
Of the Perfians
237
Of Perfa
Of the Indians
309 | Gumbazalello
Of the Kormandelians
313
Gumbrown in Perfa
Of the Lapans
335
Gundavee
Of the Chynefes
339
G
G
Acheen
128
Gunet of defeent from Mortis Ally 284,
by Tamberlains refpect to him, dares
broach his roformation 268¸be marries
the K.of Armeniaes daughter 285,
conquersTripizend, and is murdered
110
148, 212
180, 121
34, 295
314
70
Gurges
ibid
152
H
Hedbyn fi.
180
152
166
56,197
84
Gambra, not Ophir
Gandetxin in Decan
Ganganna an Indian Vmbraw fides with
Sultan Curroon 84. his deceit de-
ceives him 88. is imprisoned 90. hee
and his family are put in chaines and H
Sent to Agra 91.forrowes the death of Halvary
his children 92. exafperates the great | Hamadan
Mogul against Mahobet-cawn 95.is
made Generall of the Queenes Army
101.]dges and is buried
Ganges fl: 59.60.99. 123. 129. 309.316
Gardon-Achow
Gazacot
Gaznchen 56,57,58,281,184, 284, 286
Gentfro.
Hambyer
Hanimant, the Apes-tooth-god,burus 307
103
Hanfot
87
Harrax
192
148 |
Haffar taken
69,94
Gaffany in Tartary
89
Heaven and Hell in the Alcoran 263,
277
265
Hecatompylon, not Spakawn but Coom
76
$54, 213
Georgian man and woman
ist
Hegira
Hemoometzar
353
215
|
291
129
Georgian Tragedy contracted 190 by
ftratagem revengethemſelves upon the
Perfians
69
Heraclius the Rom. Emp. proſecutes the
warres of Perfia 376, hee vanquishes
Cofrhoes and barnes his Idols 277,
bis
great courage 378, reduces the bo
ly Croſſe to Ierufalem 279, dyes, and
is succeeded by Conftantine
281
14
184
8
·283
Ghabor
Ghanotts and Ghaftamporo
Gheer
167
Ghelac
184. 192
Ghezz
165
Herbert's Mowing
Ghezzimeer
104
Hery
Ghillola
330
Hefperida
Ghylan
192. 186. 290
Hiblin flaine
Giach a fruis
297
Hiero
Goa
33.67,
199.303 || Hieropolis
Goga
Gomera
Gorgades
Gonjuras
355
61.90
GONTO
Gowers in Parthia
Goycome
Gozan
Gratiofa
Greecy
•
324
Guadez
: 234
Guiana
355
Gulcmuda 67.68:7019.89. 93,899.312
82 Hifpaniola, not Ophyr
3 | Hiftory of the Mogulls
162.186
3
276
314
54
269
Hodge-Ñazar the Armenian Prince 150
90 Homayon the great Mogull his ſudden
death
131 Hony-fhaw
59
136
129 Hormifda King of Perfiarages against
363 the Chriftians who beat his army 275
30308
difgraces Baramis bis General, kut
looſes by it, ik. in a viſion a fees 15
Turrets, and in them the overture of
Perfia
279
Hydeno
Of the Perfians
THE TABLE.
Hydero fl:
Hyerac
177
56.286
Of the Siamites
317
Of the Laponians
333
Hyrcania whence named 177. habit of the
Of the Narfing ans
3x3
inhabitants
178
Of the lavans
325
I
Of the Chynefes
341
I
Aarown
129.280
Ichun fi:
180
Lackatra
324.325
Ieloor
64
Jackalls
14.124
Telphi
150. 151.161
Iacup, Vían Caffans fonne; envies his bro-
ther in lawes good fortune 285. gets
him murdred and hi children 285 one
of them miraculously is faved, whe
kills Iacup in his fathers revenge ib.
Iamahoy
Lengapore
106
Iemina-Bahrim
110
Iemini fl:
59.60.61.71
Ierufalem
211.270.274.277. 279
Ilment fl:
180
316
Iambee
Iambulus
Iamfher
323.324
Imaus
Imbum
185
110
323
Indus fl:
66.109.222.224
146
Ioanna
25
į
Langheer rebells against his father Ecbar
69.is pardoned 70 breakes out againe
71. and is againe pardoned ib. crownd
great Mogul ib. in danger of conspira- Irack
tors 74. Juffers his grandfonnes to bee Iudgement in the Alcoran
baptized at Agra 75. marries faire Iupiter Babylonicus
Noor-mahal ib. curfes his fonne Per-Iupiter Belus
wees for loſing the conqueft of Decan
77.fends Mahobet-cawn thither, and
an Ambaſſ: to Abbas K. of Perfiaib.
Laments the death of his eldest fonne
Curferoo 80. comforts his fad widow,
and entailes the Crowne upon Bullochy
his fonne ib. loſes Candabor 81.rejoy-
ces at his victory over his youngest son
Curroon 84. captivated by Mahobet-
cawn 98. eſcapes 100, much troubled
at his fonne Perwees his death 102.re-
217
Iulian the Apoftats death in Perfia 273
Izmael-Sophy his birth and pedegree
284. revenges his fathers death 285
flies into Arzenionib. returnes and is
crowned Perfian King 286, mortally
hates Turks and Lewes 286.exes the
Tartars ib. chafes the Turks 287.re-
covers Bagdat ib.dyes 289. andis fuC-
ceeded by Tahamas his fonne
K
Ablai-cawn
ceives a famous Tartar Ambaff: 104 Kbbian
dyes 105.and is royally buried
ib.
loonbaffer
Ioonpore
82.88
60.61.90
Iortan
324
280.224
265
193
56
ib.
319
Iangomar
Iapan
Iaparra
Iafques
Iathryb
Java
Tazirey
Idolatry of the Africans
Of the Angolafes
ΙΙΟ Kanchri
312,324,325 Kandabor
Of the Madagascars
Of the Mohelians
190 | Kapperbemizz
9.17 Karizath
10 Katighan
319
Kaboncara
177
312.333 Kabul
58.78.83
324・ Kalpi and Khoor
77.79.90
113.114 Kalfistan
224
86
66.224. 290
85
177
90.99
22
Kavilan
28
Kavife
Of the Bannyans
40
Kazz
Of the Indians
Of the Perfees.
Of the Gowers
Of the Perfians
88
Kazeron
48.52
Keldban
Of the Mallabarrs
302
Kennaugh
162.186
Kerman
251 Kerchy
56.286.290
76.77.94
Of the Cormandelians
Of the Zeylonians
309.310 Kerry
86
306 | Kholcat-pherusky
286
Bbb
Ketoam·
319
86
184
148
224
286
THE TABLE,
Ketoa-Kotan
Khoemus
55.56
58
King James King Charles Mounts 16
Kings of Industans
Of Ormus
Of Lar
Of Shyraz
Of Perfia
Kishmy Caftle
Korafan
55
115
136
141
269
113.114
56.184.281
113.114
Koftac in Mogheftan
Kufe,why so named 280. the buriall place
of Mortis-Ally ib. and where the Per-
fian Kings are crowned ib.and
Abatacca
L Lackery
Lacknoon
Lael-Cooly faine
Lacl-Sod
Lahore
La Gomera
Lampon
Lancerota
Lantore
L
282
331
215
60.69
76
84
68
3
323
www 89.
3
331
Language of the Savages at the Cape of
Good Hope
Of the Mobelians
Of the Arabians
Larry-Ioon
Latyr fl.
Lawran
18
27
III
245
Gushroo eldest fonne to the Mogul74.
fights with Ranna Radgee 75. is call'd
home ib. goes Generali into Decan 77.
returnes with victory, and is made Go-
vernour of Branpore ib. of Cabul and
Banges 78.be defeats Sultan Curroons
Army at Delly 83. azd at Mando 88.
berelieves Elabaſſand impriſons can-
Canna 90. vanquishes Currown 91.
purfues him to Patan 92. in difcontent
leaves the Army & goes to Rani ampore
95.griev'd by Normall the Empreffe 96
his fon in law is bafely abuſed by Nor-
mallib. the Lefcar 97-takes the Mogul
and Normahal prisoners 98. affrights
Currown 99. receives great fums from
bis fox, out of Bengala ib. forrowes the
death of Prince Perwces 102, is perfe
cuted by the Empreffe 104.flyes to Ran-
na Radjee ib.is perfwaded to ferve Gur-
rown 105.who receives him jojfully ib.
he marches with Currown to Agra 107
and at his Coronation is advanced ib.
Mahomet-Ally-begs Iuftice at Cazbyn
198. hisdiſcourſe touching Sir Robert
Sherley 22.bu barbarifme to the Lady
104. his originall 206, his great eſtate
and power
ibid.
Mahomet Codobanda King of Perfia in
danger to have bin flaine 289. flies into
Georgia ib. returnes 199. is crowned
King ib. commands his fifter to be be-
beaded 200. the miferable end of his
children
289
Mahomet his birth & breeding 251 ferves I
Heraclius the Rom.Emp.ib. and 278.
compiles his Alcoran 252. marries di
vers women ib, is expulft Mecca 253.
dyes, and at Medina is buried ib, his
law 254. his Sectar.es
Of the Perfians
Of the Malayans
326
La Palma
3
Larr
126.127.128.129.280.290
Larack
113.114.115
165.178.183
74
319
Lazarrs
274
Laztan-de
125
Leventhibeg Tribute
242
Lignum Alloes
267
332
Malacca
Loore-Bander
108
298.312.314.315.324
Maldive
Lopez-Gonzaloo
8
Mallabar
306
299.300
Luconia
M
333
Mallabars drowned
299
M Acaffar
Machan
329
Malva
55
330
Manancabo
323
Machma
333
Mandoa
77 82.86
Macron
113.224.286
Mandow
Madagaſcar
20,21,22,23
Mangolore
Madara
82.215
296.299
3
Mangerelpore
82
Madoc ap Owen Gwineth difcovers A-
Manicongo
J
9.209
merica
355
Mannatce
36
Magadoxa
23.30.332
Map of Madagascar
21
Magellan
362
Of the Perfian Empire
149
Magi
134 213
Of Hircania
180
Mahobet-cawn is made keeper to Prinse
Of India intra Gangem
300
of
1
THE TABL E.
Of India cxtra Gangem 321 Moluccoes
Of the Mauritius
Maqueron
Marda
Marrah
Martavan
Martiropolis
Mafcarenas
Mattacala
Mattaran
312.330.331
342
280.290
Mombaſſa
30.332
Momedabat
86
147
Monomotapa
9
323
Moneths how feverally named
112
320.322
Montingue
299
276
Moxym
351
9
307
324
286
Maurenabor 55.58. 184.224. 281.286
Maurenahor King fluine
Mauritius
342
Mavi Lord of Damafcus perfecutes
Aly 281. over-runnes Agypt and
the Rhodes 281. beaten by Ally fends |
Sufindus against the Chriftians 282.
maſſacres eleven of Ally's grandsons,
and dyes of the plague
Mayo
Mouzoon
Mortis-Ally marries Fatyma 21 2.is by
Mahomet nominated Calyph 251.put by
by Abubocr 280.perfecuted by Omar ib.
faluted K.281. flaine by Mavi 1b.buri-
ed 282. his Emblem ib. Siet Gunet re-
vives him 268. the Kings of Perfia at
this day from him defcended
Mofquet. Ally
Mofquit. Zulzimen
Mount Taurus
265
III
148
183. 185
ib.
Mount Taurus conquered
187
8
Moyechaw
132
Mazaras fl:
177.180.69
Moyeore
149
Meacco
333.335
Moyeown
147
Mecca 110. 253.259. 262.267. 280
Mozambique
23.24.332
Mecpore
69
Mozendram
56.177.224.290
Media
192
Municpore
90
Medapore
82.88.92
Multhan
go
Medina Talnabi 110. 253. 262.267.
Muſcat
109
280 Musk-cat
322
Melec-Amber crownd K. of Decan 67. | Musk
bee fights with the Mogulls Army ib.
expells them by craft 76. by force 93. Nbanden
receives Curroon ib, gives his men li-
332
N
148
Nabuchadnezzar
193. 217
berty
99
Nagor
107.
Melec-Bahamans Tragick end
187
Nay/arie
82
Meliapore
309. 310
Nahodabegs rare bracelet
318
Meliotalck
319
Nancery
52
Mengrelia
153.274
Nantam
336
Meragah
56 Narfinga
299, 309. 311.312
Merent
56
Mefopotamia
222.270
Narfinga-patan
Narvar fl:
309
Mefalipatan
89. 311.312
Naffor Thormet
87
88.102
Methridates
271
Natave
Mewat
84
Nayro
Meyottey
Mexico
Midan in Spahawn
25 Nazareil
359 Nazivan
157 Necanpore
Mindano
Mi/carroon
Mocrib-cawn drownd
Mogulls pedegree 55. Empire 54. coigne
38. revenue
Moffa
Moback
Mogheftan
Mobelia
Molthan
215
301
215
56
106
333
Negapatan
309
215
Nekam
167
103
Nerebede ft:
69
Nero-roade
331
ib.
Nicubar
306
118 | Nogomalle
318
132
113
26
90
Normahalls first husband flaine 74. Se-
condly married to the greas Mogul
75. her hate to Mahober-cawns ſonne
94,to Mahobet-cawn ib. imprisoned by
Mahober
Bbb z
2
THE TABLE.
Mahobet 98, releafed ib. fights with
Mahobet-cawn 99, fcoulds at Affaph-
cawn 101, intercepts Mahobets trea-
fure ib. Labours to disgrace his fonne
103, affrighted at Mahobets journey
to Currowne 105, forrowes her haf-
bands death ıb.labours to make her ſon
King 106, vanquisht by Sultan Bul-
lochy, and pordonod 1b. her ſon flaine
|
|
regulates the Alcoran, and is poyſoned
ib. accurfed by the Perfians
Olman Baſſa vanquiſbt
Oudepore
Ourmanghel
Oxus fl.
Ouzbeg Tartar
Асгия
107, the and her daughser imprisoned Paddar flo
by Sultan Currown
ibid.
289
289.
75,77,82
125
180, 184, 270, 286
65, 89, 184,286
P
323
69
324
Noffaferes
329
Palamban
Novi
191
Pantado birds
Nowbengan
148
Paquin
19
336,337
Nutmegs
33
Nycaphtac
184
Nylus fl.
4, 222
Nimrod
134, 193, 216, 269, 270
Parthia
Nynus
193,217
Paradife, the foverall conjectures about
it 221, where placed 222, what the
Perſians think of it
Pafagard
Nyriaed
.86
Patania
266
149,164
270
315
Nyshapore
184
Patan
Nyzabur
281
Pathan
65
63,90,99
Pathang
59, 63, 79, 82
O
Pedyr
323
Pegu
312, 314, 316,318,322
B-cawn fl.
ob-ygarmy
Ocem
Odjea
Ogg
Ogortu
Ogtai-cawn
Oobfell fl.
Ocen-beg Geloby flaine
69
Pengab
55,69
177,180
Pengran of Bantam
: 324
164
Penguin
13
285
Pepper
325
286
92,361
55
283
56
147
4
O-jone
Olympus
Omoall
177, 182
Omar or Homer Succeeds Abubocr at
Mecca 280, be perfecutes Ally, and
is flaine by treafon ib. is accursed by
thelate Perfian reformation
Onnepore
269
82
299
Onor
Ophyr
306,314
Orders of Mabomitans
267
Orcan
287
Orenges
Orfaza
Oringaw
Orixa
297
109
3.33
64, 65, 89, 90, 96
Ormus how called 113, when fi ft planted
114,
,her Kings 115, ruined by the Eng-
lish and Perfians
116,118
·333
Ofacca
Ofnan fucceeds Homer at Mecca 280,
ſubdues divers parts of Africk 281, |
87
166,177
210
Peria-Conconna Princeſſe of Perfia, her
maſculinſpirit 198, makes Aydar her
you igor brother King 199, by her el-
deft brothers command fhe is flain 199
Periaw
Perifcow
Periffophoon
Perfees in India 48, their Idolatry 49
Perfia, her feverall names 223, ſubjected
by the Affyrians and Medes 270, by
the Greeks 271, recovers freedom 272,
conquered by the Arabians 280, by the
Turks and Tartars 284, and by the
Armenians ib. gets her liberty againe
285, and at this day is victorious 290
Perfiuns depicted 123, 162, 207, 229-
defcribed 226, their habit 227 Armes
228, coat Armour z30, fuperftition
and forces 233, exercises ib. Mathe-
maticks 234, diſpoſition 235, circum-
ficion 136, marriages 237, burialls
238, reverence to their Kings 208,
239, Dyet ib. 242, revenue of the
Crowne ib. myneralls 243, language
245, Religion 251, Monarchs 269,
Idolatry of old
1277
Perſepolis deſcribed 148, ruines depicted
Per fian
1
145,272.
THE TABLE.
Perfian Ambaff.poyfons himſelfe
35 Rantas
90.74.92
Perfian Court
169
Rantipore
63.96,101.102
Peru, not Ophyr
314
Raffanweer
96
Perwees fonne to the great Mogul, bas | Raftack
victory over his brother Currowns ar-
mie 83. and at Mando chafes him 88.
arrives at Elabaffe 90.relieves Bram-
pore 93.fights with Currown91.woun-
ded, but victorious ibid. falls out with
Mahobet-cawn 95. dyes at Brampore
102. lamented by Mahobet and Ian-
gheer
Reigne
Religion of the Socotorans
Of the Armenians
280
Ravee fl.
67,69.73
Red-Sea
Reben
31
69
163.215
31
152
Of the Chriftians in India 304.
ibid.
305
Pesepoly
311
Rha fl.
180
Phafis fl.
167
Rhazunda
193
Ph:ruzabat
148
Rhyadagofl.
180
Phillippina Iles
312,333
Rhogomana
147
Piramall
306
Rhofs
Pile Caspiana vel Semeramidis
167
Rhumeftan
55
286
Perfides vel Sufiana
129
Rhyphaan hills
20
Causafia vel Iberia
201
Rhyvan
152
Plantains
28
Rotas
63 64
Policat
311.313
Ruc
20
Poligundy
323
Ru-Friero
117
Polifanga fl.
337
Ruftan 146. his Tombe
159
Porto Santo
3
Pourmandell
75.77
S
Prage
65.96
Prefter Iohn
30.209.
Priaman
323·332
S Sabuz
Abber-cawn
215
280
Primero
23,24
Sableftan
224
Puloveenand Pulway
331
Saint Azmuki
268.283
Pully-Potfhaw
132
Saint George
148.151
Purop
65.89
Saint Hellena
353
Pyco
363
Saint John de Vacas
34.295
Pyree of the Perfians 52. 186. burnt by
Saint Maria
363
Heraclius
277.278
Saint Michael
ibid
Pjſon
222
Saint Thoma
31,205.310.318
Sacalkand
286
Sal
8
Quilea
Quinza
Vabutimo
QQuitoa
Queene Nannangalla
360
Salamo
331
23
Sally
336,337
Salamander
23
Queene of Persia baptized
276
Salmanaffar K.,of Affar 129.152.184
28
Salt and fandy Deſerts
164
Samarcand
58.184
R
R Abayon
Sanball
56
320
Sancazan
Sangurrabaut
Radgeè Cottz
74
74.89.92.
Samoreen
302.308
59.60
Racanor Arrachan
Radgee Mahal
Radjee Rana Mardout lofes Chyttor 60,
Submits to langheer 77: dyes grieved
Sapores triumphs over the Roman Emp.
272. rages against the Christians 273
Sarracens conquer Perfia 280, and Spaine
282. in France 200000 are flaine ib.
289
196
Radjeè Ranna
Radjepore
ibid.
Sarcaſh
102
Sardaban
88.106.107 Sardanapalus
184
163
270
Sarlo-
THE TABLE.
1
Sarlochia
152
Spahanet
150
Savages at the Cape of good Hope defcri-
Spoots of raine
9
bed
17.18.19
Stork
135
Saughtar
99
Straits of Sunder
323
Saway
210
Stygias
224
Saxons iffued from Perfia
244
Suffedow
164
Scorpions
213
Suhan fl.
320
Scyths depicted
185.270
Sultania
Seleuchus
271
Semiramys
165.193.217.220 ||
Seonargant
99
Serebaya
324
Sergiropolis
274
Serran
320
Sbarck
Shawmet
Sultan Sheriar made Viceroy of Gonju-
rat 75. becreſcues his Nephewes 100,
at Lahore expect Normall 101. baffled
there 106. is made blinde ibid. and
Maine
Sumacan
7 ↑ Sumachy
56 Sumatra
Sumbrero
Sha-Saffee in danger to be faine by his
Sunda-Calapa
Father 176.crowned K.of Perfia 292
Shervan 192.197 200.224.286.290 | Surat
Shicoca and Shima
107
192
291
177.200
312.314.322
306
324
35.36.60
333 | Suznuga
333
Shufban
Shyraz
220
Swally road
35.295.299
133 Syacom
164
Siam
Siavend
Sianpere
314.316.319. Sybilla Perfica
75
Sycamest
134
184.286
69 Sys
152
Sierra-Leon
8
Siet Ghunet
269.285
નો
Sigamus flaine
311
Sigeftan
2:24
Sighelmus an English Bishop goes Pil-
T Taproban
Abb fl.
1,38.134
306.322
grimto Saint Thomas his Tombe in In-
Tabriz
194.289.290
dia, and returnes fafely
311
Tabriztán
192
Sinca-pura
315
Tahamas Shaw Kof Perfia, his twelve
Sinde fl.
69
Sonnes
198
Sindery fl.
155
Tallapoy
316
Singara
273
Tama-Cozrboe
275
Sir Dodmore Cottons death
204
Sir Robert Sherley 113. 120. 148. 203.
dyes
203
Sirhenakar
66
Sifs'meer
Soar
Socodania
75
Tamas, King of Perfiabis birth 288, bee
repells the Turks and Tartarrs out of
Perfia ib.dyes 289. and is (ucceeded by
Maomet
ibid.
Tamberlains Conquefts and buriall 57.bis
109
modefty
59.210.212
331
Tanda.
90
Socotora
30.306
Tanghe. Dolon
125
Soffala
23.30.332.not Ophyr 314
Tanghu
320
Sogdian
66.184
Tangram
319
Soldania bay in Æthyopia
13
Tangrolipix aydes the Perfian 283. Jub-
Solomon
144..146.148.306.323
jects that Country
155.213.284
Sondiva
99
Tappee fl.
70.87
Soor
71
Tarnafferi
311
Sophy whence derived
286
Tartangh
147
Spabawn defcribed from 153 10 163. its
antiquity 154. greatneſſe 155. circuit
ib. Market-place 157.walls 158 plea-
fures 159. Aqua-dul 160,misfortunes
170.Suburbs
Taurus
162,283 Tawgebaut
Tattarrs pride 209. Prince flain
repreſented
201
185
Tauris
194
183
163
Temerisk
THE TABLE.
91
148
323
323
331
330
191.129
210
!
Tiroan
330
193
Temerisk K.of Georgia his Troubles 291
Valerian the Roman Emperour ſlavishly
Tenchedai
333
used by the Perfian King
211.272
Teneriffa
3.4
Van
289.290
Tenze
333
Vararancs
Tephlis
201.289.290
Vaftat in Egypt
272.273
262
Tercera
363
Verfably
285
Terefia Lady Sherleys adverfity and cou.
Velpufius
362
rage in Media
203.204
Vifiapore
67.68 70.79
Ternate and Tidore
330 331
Vlacuck-cawn
56
Tefel
102
Vlai fl.
134.221
Thalan
184
Vlembegs treafon against the Perfian
Thalıcan
281
288
Theobatman
Thermopile
Thezican
Thonec
Thymar
Tico
Ticoa
Ticobaffa
Tidore
Tiglath Pilezar
Tigranocerta
Timore
277 Vloches
130
132
192 Vloghefes
272
210
333
271 | Vngbee
Vologocerta
Volnquis
Vlan Caffan the Armenian King con-
quers Perfia 284. his daughter mar-
ried to a Perfian Saint
Vfbent in Brittany
Vftref-Oglan
Vvaceek
285
364
287
283
W
Tochares
184.281.286
Tochariftan
ibid.
Toddy
29
W
Afitt upon Diglatt fl. 86.280
Welf 213.25.341.360.363
Togrulbeg
284 white-Sea
30
Toman
225
Whomg'
163
Tom Coriat 308, his grave
35
whoomghesh
148
Tornathos
7
whormoot
125.133
Torpedo
349
Wight
2
Tortoyles
25
wihifl.
69.109
Tradanzor
303
Wives that burne themſelves at their huſ-
Triglipton
318.322
bands Funeralls
309.310
Tropick of Cancer
5.110
Wine affected by the Perfians
242
Of Capricorn
·
II
T'fatfa
60
T'Seray
Tjogd
86
286
X
Tſenob
T'anner
90
Tuban
324
Turq's foune ftrangled at Casbyn
288
74 X Abur-Xabulchetaph
Xenophon
Xerxes invades Grecia 270. is over-
throwne at Salamys and Thermopile
272
173
Turq'stan
184.281.286
271.181
Tutta
67.99.102
Tuttan-Cory
Tuzz
Tygri fl.
Tzecander
Tzicary
V
Aafpracan
Valdac
299
Y
286
62.72
Yezde. Kawz
56.219.222 Fed
Ezd
YE
61.73 Yezdaghyrd 113. 148. 272. 273.
1
53
148
V
Thezyd
162.224 | Towmachama
·134.220 Iffuff
279
282
113
284
Zados
THE TABL E.
Zel-Ally
66
Adoc-cawn
Zd
Ꮓ
Roy of Kabul and Bengala 94. his men
Zenal-cawn's difcourtefie
193
63
Zenyth
5.296
Zaed-can, Maobet-can's fon is made
Generall against the Tartars 89. Vice-
Zenzen
213
Zerbind
73
Zertooft
48.162.186.270
flaine treacheroufy 101. depofed from
Zeyloon
306.312
his government, and derided by Nor-Ziagrum
mall 104. who falls in love with him ib.
108
Zialor
102
restored to favour
107
Zidim
110
Zagathay
270
Zieth
I10
Zagrian Straits
167
Ziet Borka
104
Zanitzon
337
Ziobris fl.
}
180
Zama
110
Zoack
:
Zamaen
60.74
Zopirus
Zanzibar
30
Zulcaderla
Zarama
182
Zulzimyn
Zatus King of the Lazarrs
Zayre lacus
274 Zipangri
222
Zyrmol
269
291
285
282
333
102.104
.
FINIS.
!
M
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